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76,614,586 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annecy_Lacus | Annecy Lacus | Annecy Lacus is one of a number of hydrocarbon lakes found on Saturn's largest moon, Titan. The lake is 35.6 km in diameter, making its size comparable Lake Geneva, in between Switzerland and France on Earth. Akmena Lacus's name derives from Lake Annecy, located in Haute-Savoie, France. | 2024-04-15T10:14:39 | # Annecy Lacus
**Annecy Lacus** is one of a number of hydrocarbon lakes found on Saturn's largest moon, Titan.
The lake is 35.6 km in diameter, making its size comparable Lake Geneva, in between Switzerland and France on Earth.
Akmena Lacus's name derives from Lake Annecy, located in Haute-Savoie, France.
1. The USGS web site gives the size as a "diameter", but it is actually the length in the longest dimension.
## InfoBox
Annecy Lacus
| Feature type | Lacus |
| --- | --- |
| Coordinates | 76°48′N 128°54′W / 76.8°N 128.9°W / 76.8; -128.9 (Annecy Lacus) |
| Diameter | 20 km |
| Eponym | Lake Annecy | |
50,411,683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_2 | Ruth 2 | Ruth 2 is the second chapter of the Book of Ruth in the Hebrew Bible and in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This chapter contains the story of Ruth gleaning in the fields of Boaz, her deceased husband's near kinsman, and he notices her, Ruth 2:1-7; Boaz shows her great kindness, and blesses her, Ruth 2:8-16; Ruth brings what she got to Naomi; and tells her about Boaz; Naomi gives God thanks, and exhorts Ruth to continue in the field, Ruth 2:17-23. | 2022-06-14T20:22:26 | # Ruth 2
**Ruth 2** is the second chapter of the Book of Ruth in the Hebrew Bible (where it is part of the Ketuvim) and in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This chapter contains the story of Ruth gleaning in the fields of Boaz, her deceased husband's near kinsman, and he notices her, Ruth 2:1-7; Boaz shows her great kindness, and blesses her, Ruth 2:8-16; Ruth brings what she got to Naomi; and tells her about Boaz; Naomi gives God thanks, and exhorts Ruth to continue in the field, Ruth 2:17-23.
## Text
The original text was written in Biblical Hebrew. This chapter is divided into 23 verses.
### Textual versions
Some early witnesses for the text of this chapter in Biblical Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century) and Codex Leningradensis (1008). Some fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, i.e., 2Q16 (2QRuth<sup>a</sup>; ~50 CE) with extant verses 13‑23, with only slight variations from the Masoretic Text.
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (**B**; $\mathfrak {G}$<sup>B</sup>; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (**A**; $\mathfrak {G}$<sup>A</sup>; 5th century).
## Verse 1
*There was a relative of Naomi’s husband, a man of great wealth, of the family of Elimelech. His name was Boaz.* * "A relative of Naomi's husband (KJV: "a kinsman of her husband's": from the Ketiv reading מְיֻדַּע (*mō-w-ḏa'*; absolute מְיֻדָע) which is much preferred than the Qere מודַע, although מְיֻדָּע is ambiguous with primary meaning "known, well-known, acquainted", i.e., an "acquaintance" (see Job 19:14; Psalm 55:13; Psalm 88:8, 18). Such "intimate acquaintances" are usually among the members of the family clan ('kinsfolk'), the word here may be used in reference to a 'kinsman'. The Vulgate translates it *consanguineus* which is interpretatively correct. With the original term being less definite, the appended clause, "of the family or clan of Elimelech," is not quite redundant. The "next kinsman" of Ruth 2:20, etc. גאל gā'al, is a completely different word. A tradition states that Boaz's father was Elimelech's brother.
* "A man of great wealth" (KJV: "a mighty man of wealth"): also of great power and authority, as well as of great virtue and honor, all which the word "wealth" may signify; also the Targumist gives a paraphrase that "he was mighty in the law"; in the Scriptures, a religious man, which indicates his admirable character.
* "Boaz": Commonly taken to mean, "strength is in him" (compare 1 Kings 7:21). Also the name of one of the pillars in Solomon's temple, indicating its "strength". Boaz was a grandson of Nahshon, the leader of the tribe of Judah during the Exodus, who first offered at the dedication of the altar, Numbers 7:12, and his father was Salmon, while his mother was Rahab, the harlot of Jericho (Matthew 1:5). A somewhat detailed account of Boaz is presented, because he, with Ruth, makes the principal part of the subsequent narratives. There is a Jewish tradition considering him the same with **Ibzan**, a judge of Israel (Judges 12:8).
## Verse 2
*So Ruth the Moabitess said to Naomi, "Please let me go to the field, and glean heads of grain after him in whose sight I may find favor."* *And she said to her, "Go, my daughter."* * "Ruth the Moabitess": the repetitive designation "the Moabitess" for Ruth indicates the particularization of this legal phraseology. Despite noted as a foreigner, Ruth was willing and wishful to be accept an Israelitish grace for the poor, the privilege of gleaning after the reapers in the harvest-fields (see Leviticus 19:9; Leviticus 23:22; Deuteronomy 24:19). Such gleaning could have been a humiliation to those who had been in good life, but Ruth saw the serious difficulty in survival of her mother-in-law, so despite the possible temptation as well as humiliation, she resolved to work during the whole harvest season to gather their own food as much as possible to support their life.
* "Let me now go to the field": After some time at Bethlehem, not long into the barley harvest, before it was over, Ruth asked Naomi permission to go to the field, as she did not choose to do anything without her advice and consent. She desired to go to the field which belonged to Bethlehem, which seems to have been an open field, not enclosed, where each inhabitant had his part, including Boaz, (Ruth 2:3) and it being harvest time the field was full of people.
* "Glean": The right of gleaning was given according to a positive law on the widow, the poor, and the stranger (Leviticus 19:9 and Deuteronomy 24:19). However, the liberty to glean behind the reapers (Ruth 2:3) was not a right that could be claimed; it was a privilege granted or refused according to the owner's good will or favor.
## Verse 3
*Then she left, and went and gleaned in the field after the reapers. And she happened to come to the part of the field belonging to Boaz, who was of the family of Elimelech.* * "Then she left, and went" (KJV: "And she went, and came"): That is, she went out of the house, then went out of the city, and came into the field, while, according to the Midrash, marking the ways she took, before she arrived at the field, so she would follow the marks and signs she made to come home.
* "And she happened" (KJV "and her hap"): "And it so happened." directed by providence of God, though it seems to be a "hap and chance" to her, what people say as 'good luck'.
* "A part of the field belonging to Boaz": as fields in Palestine are unenclosed, the phrase indicates that this portion of the open ground lays within the landmarks of Boaz.
* "The family of Elimelech" (KJV: "the kindred of Elimelech"): see Ruth 2:1.
## Verse 4
*And, behold, Boaz came from Bethlehem, and said unto the reapers,* *The Lord be with you.* *And they answered him,* *The Lord bless thee.*
### Verse 4 in Hebrew
Masoretic text
והנה־בעז בא מבית לחם ויאמר לקוצרים יהוה עמכם ויאמרו לו יברכך יהוה׃
Transliteration
wə-hin-nêh ḇō-'az mib-bêṯ-le-ḥem, wa-yō-mer la-qō-w-tṣ-rîm Yah-weh 'im-mā-ḵem; wa-yō-mə-rū lōw yə-ḇā-reḵ-ḵā Yah-weh.
### Verse 4 notes
The civilities of intercourse between proprietors and their laborers are common in the East. Modern Moslems are particular in the matter of salutations.
## Verse 23
*So she stayed close by the young women of Boaz, to glean until the end of barley harvest and wheat harvest; and she dwelt with her mother-in-law.* * "So she stayed close by the young women of Boaz" (KJV: "So she kept fast by the maidens of Boaz to glean"): or "And she kept close by Boaz's young women to glean". Wright translates thus: "And she kept gleaning along with the maidens of Boaz." The maidens of Boaz are not represented as gleaning, but the statement of the verse is to be connected to the hortatory statement of verse 8: "Keep close to my young women."
* "Till the end of the barley-harvest and the wheat-harvest": the Midrash notes a period of 3 months from the beginning of the barley harvest, to the end of the wheat harvest, though it could be sooner; thus from the Passover to Pentecost were seven weeks, which was the difference between the beginning of one harvest, and the beginning of the other.
* "Dwelt with her mother-in-law": The Vulgate combines this clause with the next verse, and renders it, "After she returned to her mother-in-law," pointing the verb thus וַתָּשָׁב instead of וַתֵּשֶׁב. The same translation of the verb is rendered by Luther and Coverdale. There is no evidence that Ruth slept anywhere else than under her mother-in-law's roof. The clause was apparently written to emphasize Ruth's stainless innocence, sweet simplicity, and never-tiring devotion to her mother-in-law.
1. Collins 2014.
2. Hayes 2015.
3. Metzger, Bruce M., et al. *The Oxford Companion to the Bible*. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
4. Bruce C. Birch, Thomas B. Dozeman, Nancy Kaczmarczyk . 1998. *The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume:II*. Nashville: Abingdon.
5. Robert Jamieson, Andrew Robert Fausset; David Brown. *Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible*. 1871. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
6. Würthwein 1995, pp. 36–37.
7. Dead sea scrolls - Ruth
8. Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). *The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants*. Brill. pp. 736–738. ISBN 9789004181830. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
9. Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2008). *A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature*. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 26. ISBN 9780802862419. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
10. Emmerson 2007, p. 192.
11. Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
12. Shepherd, Michael (2018). *A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets*. Kregel Exegetical Library. Kregel Academic. p. 13. ISBN 978-0825444593.
13. Ruth 2:1 NKJV
14. 10 Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
15. Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
16. 10 John Gill. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746-1763. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
17. Ruth 2:2 NKJV
18. Ruth 2:3 NKJV
19. Midrash Ruth, fol. 31. 4. Vid. Jarchi & Alshech in loc.
20. Ruth 2:4 KJV
21. W. M. Thomson. 'The Land and the Book,' p. 648.
22. Ruth 2:23 NKJV
23. Midrash Ruth, fol. 33. so Alshech in loc.
## Bibliography
### Jewish
### Christian
## InfoBox
| Ruth 2 | |
| --- | --- |
| chapter 1chapter 3 | |
| The Five Megillot (Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther) from the *Mikraot Gedolot* (rabbinic bible) of 1724 (entitled *Kehillot Ya\`akov*). | |
| Book | Book of Ruth |
| Hebrew Bible part | Five Megillot |
| Order in the Hebrew part | 2 |
| Category | Ketuvim |
| Christian Bible part | Old Testament |
| Order in the Christian part | 8 | |
52,176,273 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe,_Missouri | Safe, Missouri | Safe is an unincorporated community in southeastern Maries County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is located on Missouri Route H on a hill just west of and above the Bourbeuse River. The community is approximately six miles north-northeast of St. James. | 2023-07-29T04:49:11 | # Safe, Missouri
**Safe** is an unincorporated community in southeastern Maries County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is located on Missouri Route H on a hill just west of and above the Bourbeuse River. The community is approximately six miles north-northeast of St. James.
## History
A post office called Safe was established in 1886, and remained in operation until 1958. According to one tradition, the community was named for the generosity of the proprietor of a local gristmill who allowed safekeeping of customer's grain. Another tradition maintains the name is an acronym of the surnames of four first settlers, namely Shinkle, Aufderheide, Fann, and Essman.
38°05′18″N 91°39′08″W / 38.08833°N 91.65222°W / 38.08833; -91.65222 |
42,860,051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedford_Aerodrome | Bedford Aerodrome | Bedford Aerodrome is located 5 nautical miles north of Bedford, in Bedfordshire, England. The aerodrome which is privately owned serves the Bedford Autodrome. | 2023-05-02T15:49:13 | # Bedford Aerodrome
**Bedford Aerodrome** (ICAO: **EGBF**) is located 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) north of Bedford, in Bedfordshire, England. The aerodrome which is privately owned serves the Bedford Autodrome.
## InfoBox
| Bedford Aerodrome | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Private |
| Operator | MotorSport Vision Ltd. |
| Serves | Bedford Autodrome |
| Location | Thurleigh |
| Elevation AMSL | 273 ft / 83 m |
| Coordinates | 52°13′57″N 000°26′44″W / 52.23250°N 0.44556°W / 52.23250; -0.44556 |
| Website | www.bedfordaerodrome.com |
| Map | |
| EGBFLocation in Bedfordshire | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface m ft 08/26 1,095 3,593 Concrete | |
| Sources: UK AIP at NATS | | |
41,346,458 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Spotlight_Award | Billboard Spotlight Award | In 1988, Michael Jackson was honored with Billboard's first Spotlight Award for being the first artist in history to have five number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 from one album. In 2012, Katy Perry was honored with Billboard's second Spotlight Award for being the second and first female artist in history to have five consecutive number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 from one album. Michael Jackson
2012 Billboard Music Awards Katy Perry | 2024-03-23T07:51:49 | # Billboard Spotlight Award
In 1988, Michael Jackson was honored with *Billboard*'s first Spotlight Award for being the first artist in history to have five number one singles on the *Billboard* Hot 100 from one album. In 2012, Katy Perry was honored with *Billboard*'s second Spotlight Award for being the second and first female artist in history to have five consecutive number one singles on the *Billboard* Hot 100 from one album.
## InfoBox
| *Billboard*<br>Spotlight Award | |
| --- | --- |
| Awarded for | Outstanding chart performance |
| Country | United States |
| Presented by | Billboard |
| First awarded | 1988 |
| Last awarded | 2012 |
| Most recent winner(s) | Katy Perry | |
29,629,684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skua_Creek | Skua Creek | Skua Creek is a narrow channel between Skua Island and Winter Island in the Argentine Islands, Wilhelm Archipelago. Charted and named Skua Inlet in 1935 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under Rymill, but in recent years the name Skua Creek has overtaken the earlier name in usage. This article incorporates public domain material from "Skua Creek". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. | 2018-04-27T22:46:40 | # Skua Creek
**Skua Creek** (65°15′S 64°16′W / 65.250°S 64.267°W / -65.250; -64.267) is a narrow channel between Skua Island and Winter Island in the Argentine Islands, Wilhelm Archipelago. Charted and named Skua Inlet in 1935 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under Rymill, but in recent years the name Skua Creek has overtaken the earlier name in usage.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Skua Creek". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey. |
18,992,614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Borjomi_Wildfire | 2008 Borjomi Wildfire | The 2008 Borjomi wildfires started in the Borjomi Gorge, Georgia on August 15, 2008 and lasted for several days to come, destroying 250 hectares of the 75,000 hectares Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park, one of the largest national parks in Europe. The fire started in the concluding days of the hostilities during the 2008 Russo-Georgian War, some 80 km far from the conflict area. Eyewitnesses reported camouflage-painted helicopters in the sky just before the fire erupted. Georgia accused Russia of bombing the area and deliberating starting a fire using incendiary devices, describing it as an ecocide. Russia's Defence Ministry denied bombing the forests and said that they would help the Georgians extinguish the fires if requested. Despite Turkish and Ukrainian aid, the firefighting efforts were complicated by the ongoing conflict and airspace restrictions. According to the government of Georgia, The Borjomi wildfire alarmed international environmental organizations. The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) called on "all parties capable of helping put out forest fires in central Georgia to work together to extinguish them." The PAN Parks network, of which the Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park is a member, sent a latter to the Russian Minister of Natural Resources, expressing its concerns that the "recent bombing in Borjomi district resulted in a forest fire, which threatens Borjomi Kharagauli National Park." The World Bank expressed its "grave concern the reports of forest fires in the Borjomi area of Georgia" and sent an assessment team in the area. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe-UNEP mission will also assess the damage caused by fire, including in the Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park and adjacent forested areas. | 2023-08-01T10:11:08 | # 2008 Borjomi Wildfire
The **2008 Borjomi wildfires** started in the Borjomi Gorge, Georgia on August 15, 2008 and lasted for several days to come, destroying 250 hectares (620 acres) of the 75,000 hectares (190,000 acres) Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park, one of the largest national parks in Europe.
The fire started in the concluding days of the hostilities during the 2008 Russo-Georgian War, some 80 km far from the conflict area. Eyewitnesses reported camouflage-painted helicopters in the sky just before the fire erupted. Georgia accused Russia of bombing the area and deliberating starting a fire using incendiary devices, describing it as an ecocide. Russia's Defence Ministry denied bombing the forests and said that they would help the Georgians extinguish the fires if requested. Despite Turkish and Ukrainian aid, the firefighting efforts were complicated by the ongoing conflict and airspace restrictions.
According to the government of Georgia,
> "the fire spread to over 950 hectares of forest land. An area of 250 hectares was totally destroyed, and 150 000 m³ of standing trees were lost. As a result, the forest's ecosystem lost its ecological function, as well as commercial value. In the affected area, endemic and other species were almost completely destroyed, including Himalayan yew, spruce, abies, pine, beech, oak, hornbeam and many varieties of forest wildlife.... The fauna of the region experienced significant damage as well."
The Borjomi wildfire alarmed international environmental organizations. The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) called on "all parties capable of helping put out forest fires in central Georgia to work together to extinguish them." The PAN Parks network, of which the Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park is a member, sent a latter to the Russian Minister of Natural Resources, expressing its concerns that the "recent bombing in Borjomi district resulted in a forest fire, which threatens Borjomi Kharagauli National Park." The World Bank expressed its "grave concern the reports of forest fires in the Borjomi area of Georgia" and sent an assessment team in the area. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe-UNEP mission will also assess the damage caused by fire, including in the Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park and adjacent forested areas. |
10,634,958 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Gift_(album) | A Gift (album) | A Gift is the second Christmas album by Canadian country music singer Paul Brandt. It won the 2007 Gospel Music Association of Canada Covenant Award for Seasonal Album of the Year, while the title song "A Gift" won the Seasonal Song of the Year award. The track "Christmas Convoy" is a reworked version of Brandt's cover of C. W. McCall's "Convoy". | 2022-06-05T18:48:05 | # A Gift (album)
Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
***A Gift*** is the second Christmas album by Canadian country music singer Paul Brandt. It won the 2007 Gospel Music Association of Canada Covenant Award for Seasonal Album of the Year, while the title song "A Gift" won the Seasonal Song of the Year award. The track "Christmas Convoy" is a reworked version of Brandt's cover of C. W. McCall's "Convoy".
## Track listing
1. "Let It Snow" (Sammy Cahn, Jule Styne) – 3:00
2. "A Gift" (Paul Brandt) – 2:50
3. "White Christmas" (Irving Berlin) – 3:25
4. "Christmas Convoy" (P. Brandt, Chip Davis, Bill Fries) – 4:43
5. "Hands" (P. Brandt, Liz Brandt) – 4:33
6. "Go Tell It on the Mountain" (Public domain) – 4:52
7. "I'll Be Home for Christmas" (Kim Gannon, Walter Kent, Buck Ram) – 3:51
8. "Winter Wonderland" (Felix Bernard, Richard B. Smith) – 2:57
9. "Mary, Did You Know?" (Buddy Greene, Mark Lowry) – 3:30
10. "We Three Kings" (Reverend John H. Hopkins Jr.) – 5:36
## InfoBox
| A Gift | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Studio album by Paul Brandt | |
| Released | November 7, 2006 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 39:17 |
| Label | Orange Record Label |
| Producer | Paul Brandt, Ben Fowler, David Pierce, Steve Rosen |
| Paul Brandt chronology | |
| *This Time Around*<br>(2004) ***A Gift***<br>(2006) *Risk*<br>(2007) | | |
57,022,871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antakya_minnow | Antakya minnow | The Antakya minnow or Orontes golden barb, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Garra. There is some confusion regarding the identity of this fish. Formerly thought to be extinct, when occupying the Orontes watershed in Turkey, however a synonym, Hemigrammocapoeta caudomaculata is identified as least concern by the IUCN, and is found in the Asi drainage in Turkey and Syria and Nahr al-Kabir river on the border between Syria and Lebanon, and called the Asi golden barb. They are now considered to be the same species. | 2024-02-14T16:03:40 | # Antakya minnow
The **Antakya minnow** or **Orontes golden barb**, (***Garra caudomaculata***) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus *Garra*. There is some confusion regarding the identity of this fish. Formerly thought to be extinct, when occupying the Orontes watershed in Turkey, however a synonym, *Hemigrammocapoeta caudomaculata* is identified as least concern by the IUCN, and is found in the Asi drainage (*Asi* is synonymous with *Orontes*) in Turkey and Syria and Nahr al-Kabir river on the border between Syria and Lebanon, and called the **Asi golden barb**. They are now considered to be the same species.
## InfoBox
| Antakya minnow | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
| <br>Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Genus: | *Garra* |
| Species: | ***G. caudomaculata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Garra caudomaculata***<br>(Battalgil, 1942) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Crossocheilus caudomaculatus* * *Hemigrammocapoeta caudomaculata* | | |
39,258,354 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijapur_Taluk | Bijapur Taluk | Bijapur Taluk, officially Vijayapura Taluka, is a taluka in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located in the Bijapur district. The administrative centre for Bijapur Taluka is in the city of Bijapur. The taluka is located in the southwest quadrant of the district. In the 2011 census there were forty-six panchayat villages in Bijapur Taluka. The main river in the taluka is the Don River. | 2023-12-01T19:53:16 | # Bijapur Taluk
**Bijapur Taluk**, officially **Vijayapura Taluka**, is a taluka in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located in the Bijapur district. The administrative centre for Bijapur Taluka is in the city of Bijapur. The taluka is located in the southwest quadrant of the district. In the 2011 census there were forty-six panchayat villages in Bijapur Taluka. The main river in the taluka is the Don River.
## Geography
Bijapur Taluka is in the southwestern part of Bijapur District, with Maharashtra state and Indi Taluka to the north, Sindagi Taluka and Basavana Bagewadi Taluka to the east, Bagalkot District to the south, and Belgaum District and Maharashtra state to the west. It covers 2,659.24 square kilometres (1,026.74 sq mi), which is slightly more than a quarter (25.24%) of the district.
## Demographics
In the 2001 India census, Bijapur Taluka reported 569,348 inhabitants, with 292,687 males (51.4%) and 276,661 females (48.6%), for a gender ratio of 945 females per 1000 males. Those 569,348 people represent 31.51% of the people in Bijapur District. Based upon households, the taluka was 45.2% urban in 2001; but based upon individuals it was only 44.6% urban. In either case, Bijapur Taluka was the most urban in the district. The population density was 214 people per square kilometer, and as expected was the densest in the district. The overall literacy rate was 51.7%, the highest in the district. In terms of religion in 2001, Bijapur Taluka was 77.2% Hindu, 21.4% Muslim, 1.6% Christian, and 0.8% Jain. That was the lowest Hindu percentage in the district, and the highest Muslim, the highest Christian and the highest Jain percentages in the district.
Bijapur Taluka had one city, Bijapur C.M.C., and 118 villages, all of them inhabited. Of those villages forty-six were panchayat villages.
## Electoral constituencies
For the Indian Parliament, the Lok Sabha, Bijapur Taluka participates in the Bijapur constituency.
## Transport
Bijapur Taluka has five of the eighteen railroad stations in the district. There are 106 kilometres of National Highway in the taluka, 139 kilometres of State Highways and 638 km of major district roads. The main highways in the taluka are the renumbered National Highway 50 and National Highway 52 (old NH13 and NH218). Additionally, the taluk is also served by newly declared National Highway 166E and National Highway 561A.
## Points of interest in taluka
* The mausoleum of Mohammed Adil Shah was built in 1659 and is topped by a large dome, the second largest dome, unsupported by pillars, in the world.
## Villages
**Villages in Vijayapur Taluk**
## InfoBox
| Bijapur Taluk Bijapur Taluka | |
| --- | --- |
| Tehsil | |
| Vijayapura Taluka | |
| **Bijapur Taluk** in Bijapur district | |
| Coordinates: 16°45′N 75°41′E / 16.75°N 75.68°E / 16.75; 75.68 | |
| Region | South India |
| Headquarters | Bijapur |
| Towns / Villages | 1 / 131 |
| Government | |
| Type | Taluka Panchayat |
| Body | Bijapur Taluka Panchayat |
| Area | |
| Total | 2,648 km<sup>2</sup> (1,022 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 721,075 |
| Density | 270/km<sup>2</sup> (710/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Kannada |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Telephone code | \+ 91 (0) 8352 |
| Vehicle registration | Bijapur KA\- 28 |
| Website | vijayapura.nic.in | |
30,093,090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratsigovo_Hills | Bratsigovo Hills | Bratsigovo Hills is the chain of rocky hills rising to over 400 m on the southeast side of Cugnot Ice Piedmont and extending from the coast of Prince Gustav Channel 4 km northwards on Trinity Peninsula in Graham Land, Antarctica. The hills are named after the town of Bratsigovo in Southern Bulgaria. | 2021-10-12T06:33:37 | # Bratsigovo Hills
**Bratsigovo Hills** (Bulgarian: *Брациговски хълмове*, ‘Bratsigovski Halmove’ \bra-'tsi-gov-ski 'h&l-mo-ve\\) is the chain of rocky hills rising to over 400 m on the southeast side of Cugnot Ice Piedmont and extending from the coast of Prince Gustav Channel 4 km northwards on Trinity Peninsula in Graham Land, Antarctica.
The hills are named after the town of Bratsigovo in Southern Bulgaria.
## Location
Bratsigovo Hills are centred at 63°39′10″S 58°00′00″W / 63.65278°S 58.00000°W / -63.65278; -58.00000, which 3.77 km west of Chernopeev Peak and 6.5 km east-northeast of Levassor Nunatak. German-British mapping in 1996.
## Maps
* Trinity Peninsula. Scale 1:250000 topographic map No. 5697. Institut für Angewandte Geodäsie and British Antarctic Survey, 1996.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), 1993–2016.
*This article includes information from the Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria which is used with permission.* |
57,709,005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asela_de_Armas_P%C3%A9rez | Asela de Armas Pérez | Asela de Armas Pérez was a Cuban chess player who held the FIDE title of Woman International Master (1978). She was a ten-time winner of the Cuban Women's Chess Championship. | 2023-09-10T02:43:33 | # Asela de Armas Pérez
**Asela de Armas Pérez** (6 December 1954 – 7 July 2021) was a Cuban chess player who held the FIDE title of Woman International Master (1978). She was a ten-time winner of the Cuban Women's Chess Championship (1971, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1986, 1988).
## Biography
From the early 1970s to the late 1980s, she was one of the leading Cuban women's chess players. Asela de Armas Pérez won the Cuban Women's Chess Championships ten times: 1971, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1986, 1988. In 1978, she was awarded the FIDE Woman International Master (WIM) title.
Asela de Armas Pérez three times participated in the Women's World Chess Championship Interzonal Tournaments:
Asela de Armas Pérez played for Cuba in the Women's Chess Olympiads:
## FIDE ratings
**Elo development**
| |
| --- |
## InfoBox
| Asela de Armas Pérez | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Cuba |
| Born | (1954-12-06)6 December 1954 |
| Died | 7 July 2021(2021-07-07) (aged 66) |
| Title | Woman International Master (1978) |
| Peak rating | 2255 (January 1989) | |
20,605,626 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutral_sixth | Neutral sixth | A neutral sixth is a musical interval wider than a minor sixth but narrower than a major sixth. Three distinct intervals may be termed neutral sixths: The undecimal neutral sixth has a ratio of 18:11 between the frequencies of the two tones, or about 852.59 cents. A tridecimal neutral sixth has a ratio of 13:8 between the frequencies of the two tones, or about 840.53 cents. This is the smallest neutral sixth, and occurs infrequently in music, as little music utilizes the 13th harmonic. An equal-tempered neutral sixth is 850 cents, a hair narrower than the 18:11 ratio. It is an equal-tempered quarter tone exactly halfway between the equal-tempered minor and major sixths, and half of an equal-tempered perfect eleventh. These intervals are all within about 12 cents of each other and are difficult for most people to distinguish. Neutral sixths are roughly a quarter tone sharp from 12 equal temperament (12-ET) minor sixths and a quarter tone flat from 12-ET major sixths. In just intonation, as well as in tunings such as 31-ET, 41-ET, or 72-ET, which more closely approximate just intonation, the intervals are closer together. A neutral sixth can be formed by subtracting a neutral second from a minor seventh. Based on its positioning in the harmonic series, the undecimal neutral sixth implies a root one minor seventh above the higher of the two notes. | 2023-03-25T23:06:40 | # Neutral sixth
A **neutral sixth** is a musical interval wider than a minor sixth play but narrower than a major sixth play. Three distinct intervals may be termed neutral sixths:
* The *undecimal neutral sixth* has a ratio of 18:11 between the frequencies of the two tones, or about 852.59 cents. play
* A *tridecimal neutral sixth* has a ratio of 13:8 between the frequencies of the two tones, or about 840.53 cents. This is the smallest neutral sixth, and occurs infrequently in music, as little music utilizes the 13th harmonic. play
* An *equal-tempered neutral sixth* is 850 cents, a hair narrower than the 18:11 ratio. It is an equal-tempered quarter tone exactly halfway between the equal-tempered minor and major sixths, and half of an equal-tempered perfect eleventh (octave plus fourth). play
These intervals are all within about 12 cents of each other and are difficult for most people to distinguish. Neutral sixths are roughly a quarter tone sharp from 12 equal temperament (12-ET) minor sixths and a quarter tone flat from 12-ET major sixths. In just intonation, as well as in tunings such as 31-ET, 41-ET, or 72-ET, which more closely approximate just intonation, the intervals are closer together.
A neutral sixth can be formed by subtracting a neutral second from a minor seventh. Based on its positioning in the harmonic series, the undecimal neutral sixth implies a root one minor seventh above the higher of the two notes.
## Thirteenth harmonic
The pitch ratio 13:8 (840.53 cents) is the ratio of the thirteenth harmonic and is notated in Ben Johnston's system as A<sup>13</sup>. In 24-ET is approximated by A. This note is often corrected to a just or Pythagorean ratio on the natural horn, but the pure thirteenth harmonic was used in pieces including Britten's *Serenade for tenor, horn and strings*.
## InfoBox
Neutral sixth
| Inverse | neutral third |
| --- | --- |
| Name | |
| Other names | - |
| Abbreviation | n6 |
| Size | |
| Semitones | ~8½ |
| Interval class | ~3½ |
| Just interval | 18:11 or 13:8 |
| Cents | |
| 12-Tone equal temperament | N/A |
| 24-Tone equal temperament | 850 |
| Just intonation | 853 or 841 | |
64,522,743 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_NCAA_Division_I_Women%27s_Golf_Championship | 2005 NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championship | The 2005 NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championships were contested at the 24th annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of women's Division I collegiate golf in the United States. The tournament was held at the Meadow Course at the Sunriver Resort in Sunriver, Oregon. Duke won the team championship, the Blue Devils' third and first since 2002. Anna Grzebien, also from Duke, won the individual title. | 2024-03-25T20:27:05 | # 2005 NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championship
The **2005 NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championships** were contested at the 24th annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of women's Division I collegiate golf in the United States.
The tournament was held at the Meadow Course at the Sunriver Resort in Sunriver, Oregon.
Duke won the team championship, the Blue Devils' third and first since 2002.
Anna Grzebien, also from Duke, won the individual title.
## Qualification
* Three regional qualifying tournaments were held across the United States from May 5–7, 2005.
* The eight teams with the lowest team scores qualified from each of the regional tournaments.
| Regional | Location | Regional champion(s) | Other qualifiers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **East** | Gainesville, Florida<br>University Golf Course | Ohio State | Duke<br>Furman<br>Pepperdine<br>Virginia<br>Tulane<br>Florida<br>Washington |
| **Central** | Lubbock, Texas<br>The Rawls Course | Auburn | Texas A&M<br>Missouri<br>Arizona State<br>Purdue<br>Tulsa<br>Michigan State<br>Arkansas |
| **West** | Las Cruces, New Mexico<br>New Mexico State Golf Club | Tennessee<br>UCLA | California<br>USC<br>Oklahoma State<br>BYU<br>UC Irvine<br>Stanford |
^ Teams listed in qualifying order.
## Results
### Individual champion
### Team leaderboard
| Rank | Team | Score |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Duke** | **1,170** |
| 2 | UCLA (DC) | 1,175 |
| 3 | Auburn | 1,176 |
| 4 | Pepperdine | 1,179 |
| 5 | California | 1,180 |
| T6 | Ohio State | 1,187 |
| | Tennessee | |
| T8 | Arizona State | 1,190 |
| | Oklahoma State | |
| 10 | Florida | 1,195 |
| T11 | Arkansas | 1,197 |
| | USC | |
| 13 | *Virginia* | 1,200 |
| 14 | Washington | 1,201 |
| 15 | *Tulane* | 1,202 |
| 16 | *Missouri* | 1,205 |
| 17 | Michigan State | 1,206 |
| 18 | *UC Irvine* | 1,211 |
| 19 | Stanford | 1,212 |
| 20 | Purdue | 1,216 |
| 21 | Furman | 1,217 |
| 22 | Texas A&M | 1,219 |
| 23 | Tulsa | 1,222 |
| 24 | BYU | 1,238 |
* DC = Defending champion
* *Debut appearance*
## InfoBox
2005 NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championship
| Tournament information | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Sunriver, Oregon, U.S.<br>43°52′N 121°27′W / 43.87°N 121.45°W / 43.87; -121.45 |
| Course(s) | Sunriver Resort<br>Meadow Course |
| Statistics | |
| Par | 71 (284) |
| Field | 24 teams |
| Champion | |
| **Team:** Duke (3rd title)<br>**Individual:** Anna Grzebien, Duke | |
| **Team:** 1,170 (−5)<br>**Individual:** 286 (+2) | |
| Location map | |
| SunriverLocation in the United StatesSunriverLocation in Oregon | |
| | | |
61,590,309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_BLNO_season | 2019–20 BLNO season | The 2019–20 BLNO was the 20th season of the Basketball League of Norway since its establishment. Kongsberg Miners were the defending champions. On 11 March 2020, the season was ended prematurely due to the coronavirus pandemic. | 2021-03-20T02:30:02 | # 2019–20 BLNO season
The **2019–20 BLNO** was the 20th season of the Basketball League of Norway since its establishment. Kongsberg Miners were the defending champions.
On 11 March 2020, the season was ended prematurely due to the coronavirus pandemic.
## Format
The ten participating teams first played the regular season, that consisted in a round-robin schedule containing three rounds with every team playing each opponent at least once home and once away for a total of 27 matches.
At the end of the regular season, the top eight teams qualified for the playoffs.
## Teams
AmmerudAskerBærumCentrumFrøyaFyllingenGimleKongsbergNidarosTromsøclass=notpageimage|Locations of the teams in **2019–20 BLNO**
| Team | City | Arena |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ammerud | Oslo | Apallokka |
| Asker Aliens | Asker | Vollenhallen |
| Bærum | Bærum | Rykkinnhallen |
| Centrum Tigers | Oslo | Vulkanhallen |
| Frøya | Bergen | Frøya Idrettspark |
| Fyllingen | Bergen | Framohallen |
| Gimle | Bergen | Gimlehallen |
| Kongsberg Miners | Kongsberg | Kongsberghallen |
| Nidaros Jets | Trondheim | Husebyhallen |
| Tromsø Storm | Tromsø | Tromsøhallen |
## Regular season
### Standings
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Kongsberg Miners | 27 | 26 | 1 | 2592 | 2038 | +554 | 52 | Qualification to playoffs |
| 2 | Bærum | 27 | 19 | 8 | 2323 | 2160 | +163 | | 38 |
| 3 | Fyllingen | 27 | 17 | 10 | 2360 | 2284 | +76 | | 34 |
| 4 | Gimle | 27 | 17 | 10 | 2323 | 2209 | +114 | | 34 |
| 5 | Frøya | 27 | 16 | 11 | 2466 | 2350 | +116 | | 32 |
| 6 | Tromsø Storm | 27 | 13 | 14 | 2408 | 2384 | +24 | | 26 |
| 7 | Centrum Tigers | 27 | 9 | 18 | 2070 | 2291 | 221 | | 18 |
| 8 | Asker Aliens | 27 | 8 | 19 | 2079 | 2192 | 113 | | 16 |
| 9 | Ammerud | 27 | 7 | 20 | 2164 | 2401 | 237 | 14 | Qualification to relegation playoffs |
| 10 | Nidaros Jets | 27 | 3 | 24 | 2007 | 2483 | 476 | | 6 |
Source: BLNO
### Results
| Home \ Away | AMM | ASK | BAE | CEN | FRO | FYL | GIM | KON | NID | TRO | AMM | ASK | BAE | CEN | FRO | FYL | GIM | KON | NID | TRO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ammerud | | 77–72 | 81–97 | 82–80 | 64–75 | 78–87 | 100–87 | 80–86 | 83–75 | 86–89 | | 76–94 | | 77–83 | | | | 87–105 | 77–65 | |
| Asker Aliens | 84–75 | | 57–76 | 74–65 | 74–90 | 86–73 | 72–79 | 76–101 | 105–68 | 61–84 | | | 74–54 | | 86–84 | | 73–83 | 84–93 | | |
| Bærum | 95–86 | 83–76 | | 110–71 | 97–90 | 80–96 | 87–77 | 60–91 | 82–72 | 87–69 | 103–76 | | | 100–87 | 99–85 | 92–84 | | | | 81–80 |
| Centrum Tigers | 80–73 | 67–48 | 64–84 | | 80–94 | 80–85 | 68–101 | 98–109 | 87–70 | 70–66 | | 70–62 | | | | | 71–100 | 78–91 | 83–72 | |
| Frøya | 91–70 | 104–84 | 80–114 | 71–81 | | 93–74 | 125–129 | 68–92 | 88–77 | 104–96 | 97–88 | | | 101–63 | | 91–81 | | | 83–75 | 112–105 |
| Fyllingen | 83–77 | 102–92 | 90–79 | 87–81 | 91–90 | | 89–78 | 83–88 | 93–69 | 102–86 | 86–76 | 99–83 | | 84–83 | | | | | 102–73 | 86–94 |
| Gimle | 75–83 | 81–73 | 66–96 | 75–59 | 81–80 | 65–71 | | 82–98 | 114–53 | 87–82 | 109–76 | | 70–82 | | 83–93 | 109–86 | | | | 91–80 |
| Kongsberg Miners | 100–74 | 75–64 | 110–66 | 89–53 | 99–74 | 87–81 | 94–57 | | 111–56 | 98–64 | | | 92–65 | | 91–89 | 103–93 | 80–89 | | | 102–87 |
| Nidaros Jets | 82–89 | 81–74 | 88–83 | 83–86 | 79–109 | 70–83 | 86–92 | 81–111 | | 81–100 | | 72–73 | 58–91 | | | | 81–90 | 79–101 | | |
| Tromsø Storm | 110–85 | 96–95 | 90–80 | 105–103 | 97–105 | 101–89 | 71–73 | 70–95 | 85–87 | | 111–88 | 84–83 | | 98–79 | | | | | 108–74 | |
Source: BLNO
Legend: Blue = home team win; Red = away team win.
## Playoffs
The playoffs were played in a best-of-three games format. During the quarterfinals, the league was cancelled because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
### Bracket
### Quarter-finals
| Team 1 | Series | Team 2 | Game 1 | Game 2 | Game 3 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kongsberg Miners | 1–1 | Asker Aliens | 80–78 | 84–67 | Cancelled |
| **Bærum** | 2–0 | Centrum Tigers | 91–75 | 99–69 | 0 |
| **Fyllingen** | 2–0 | Tromsø Storm | 86–79 | 110–85 | 0 |
| **Gimle** | 2–0 | Frøya | 87–75 | 80–92 | 0 |
### Semi-finals
| Team 1 | Series | Team 2 | Game 1 | Game 2 | Game 3 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Cancelled | Gimle | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Bærum | Cancelled | Fyllingen | 0 | 0 | 0 |
### Finals
| Team 1 | Series | Team 2 | Game 1 | Game 2 | Game 3 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Cancelled | | 0 | 0 | 0 |
## InfoBox
| BLNO | |
| --- | --- |
| Number of teams | 10 |
| 2018–19 2020–21 | | |
62,166,777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_BIBL_season | 2019–20 BIBL season | The 2019–20 BIBL season was the 11th edition of Balkan International Basketball League (BIBL). The competition started October 2019. Five teams participated this season, one from Bulgaria, Montenegro, Albania and two from Kosovo. The league was suspended in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, initially envisioned to resume with the completion of the final four just prior to the next season and ultimately cancelled in late June. | 2024-02-11T05:31:22 | # 2019–20 BIBL season
The **2019–20 BIBL** season was the 11th edition of Balkan International Basketball League (BIBL). The competition started October 2019. Five teams participated this season, one from Bulgaria, Montenegro, Albania and two from Kosovo. The league was suspended in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, initially envisioned to resume with the completion of the final four just prior to the next season and ultimately cancelled in late June.
## Teams
## Final Four
## InfoBox
| 2019–20 BIBL | |
| --- | --- |
| Season | 2019–20 |
| Dates | October 2019 – April 2020 |
| Number of games | 40 |
| Number of teams | 5 |
| TV partner(s) | sportmedia.tv <br>YouTube <br>RTSH |
| Finals | |
| Champions | not awarded |
| Runners-up | not awarded |
| 2018–19 2020–21 | | |
29,166,056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poduene_Glacier | Poduene Glacier | Poduene Glacier is the 3.3 km long and 2.4 km wide glacier on Pefaur (Ventimiglia) Peninsula, Danco Coast on the west side of Antarctic Peninsula, situated west of Agalina Glacier. It drains the north slopes of Mount Zeppelin, and flows northwestwards into Gerlache Strait east of Eckener Point. The glacier is named after the settlement of Poduene in Western Bulgaria, now part of the city of Sofia. | 2022-01-23T05:32:18 | # Poduene Glacier
**Poduene Glacier** (Bulgarian: ледник Подуене, romanized: *lednik Poduene*, IPA: \[ˈlɛdnik poˈduɛnɛ\]) is the 3.3 km long and 2.4 km wide glacier on Pefaur (Ventimiglia) Peninsula, Danco Coast on the west side of Antarctic Peninsula, situated west of Agalina Glacier. It drains the north slopes of Mount Zeppelin, and flows northwestwards into Gerlache Strait east of Eckener Point.
The glacier is named after the settlement of Poduene in Western Bulgaria, now part of the city of Sofia.
## Location
Poduene Glacier is centred at 64°26′30″S 61°32′00″W / 64.44167°S 61.53333°W / -64.44167; -61.53333. British mapping in 1978.
## Maps
* British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 64 60. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, Tolworth, UK, 1978.
* Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), 1993–2016.
*This article includes information from the Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria which is used with permission.* |
72,398,682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_Of_Korea_Civil_Defense_Corps | Republic Of Korea Civil Defense Corps | The Republic of Korea Civil Defense Corps is a civil defense organization in the Republic of Korea. As an organization under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior and Safety, men are legally compelled to participate in training along with military service obligations in the South Korea. The total number of civil defense personnel reaches 3.62 million, and training is compulsory for 10 days per year, up to 50 hours of training. In case of emergency, the Minister of Ministry of the Interior and Safety takes command. As a mandatory military service after the reserve army, it is basically unpaid. However, if a member of the Civil Defense Corps dies in the course of performing his or her duties, appropriate compensation shall be paid. Women are not obligated to serve in the Civil Defense Corps, as in the military sercive duty and reserve forces. Separately from the civil defence force, in accordance with the national defense obligation, not military service, a separate table 'Human Resources Management Occupation' in the 'Enforcement Rules of the Emergency Preparedness Resources Management Act' under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior and Safety' pursuant to the 'Emergency Resources Management Act', as 'human resources', license holders between the ages of 20 and 60 regardless of gender, Korean nationals engaged in related occupations, and 'material resources', related companies and materials are stipulates that it is necessary to establish a plan, manage resources, and educate and train in preparation for such situations so that the country's resources such as manpower and materials can be efficiently utilized. Training according to this is done within 7 days per year. According to the 'Enforcement Rules of the Emergency Preparedness Resources Management Act', training exemption includes civil defense corps training exemption and married women and people aged 56–60 regardless of gender. | 2023-12-20T09:18:15 | # Republic Of Korea Civil Defense Corps
The **Republic of Korea Civil Defense Corps** (ROKCDC, Korean: 대한민국 민방위대) is a civil defense organization in the Republic of Korea. As an organization under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior and Safety, men are legally compelled to participate in training along with military service obligations in the South Korea.
The total number of civil defense personnel reaches 3.62 million, and training is compulsory for 10 days per year, up to 50 hours of training (actually, 4 hours once a year for the 1st to 4th years, and 1 hour once a year for the rest of the year until the age of 40). In case of emergency, the Minister of Ministry of the Interior and Safety takes command.
As a mandatory military service after the reserve army, it is basically unpaid. However, if a member of the Civil Defense Corps dies in the course of performing his or her duties, appropriate compensation shall be paid. Women are not obligated to serve in the Civil Defense Corps, as in the military sercive duty and reserve forces.
Separately from the civil defence force, in accordance with the national defense obligation (as a citizen regardless of gender specified in the Constitution), not military service, a separate table 'Human Resources Management Occupation' in the 'Enforcement Rules of the Emergency Preparedness Resources Management Act' under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior and Safety' pursuant to the 'Emergency Resources Management Act', as 'human resources', license holders between the ages of 20 and 60 regardless of gender, Korean nationals engaged in related occupations, and 'material resources', related companies and materials are stipulates that it is necessary to establish a plan, manage resources, and educate and train in preparation for such situations so that the country's resources such as manpower and materials can be efficiently utilized. Training according to this is done within 7 days per year. According to the 'Enforcement Rules of the Emergency Preparedness Resources Management Act', training exemption includes civil defense corps training exemption and married women and people aged 56–60 regardless of gender.
1. "민방위 교육장에선 성희롱·이슬람권 비하 발언도". *v.daum.net*. Retrieved 2022-12-03. |
20,296,924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aran,_Aghjabadi | Aran, Aghjabadi | Aran is a village and municipality in the Aghjabadi Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,655. | 2022-09-05T03:27:57 | # Aran, Aghjabadi
**Aran** (known as **Kuybishev** until 1999) is a village and municipality in the Aghjabadi Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,655.
## History
The village used to be named **Kuybışev** (English transliteration: **Kuybishev**) in honor of Valerian Kuybyshev, a Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet politician. On 1999-10-05, it was renamed Aran.
## InfoBox
| Aran | |
| --- | --- |
| Aran | |
| Coordinates: 39°55′18″N 47°25′52″E / 39.92167°N 47.43111°E / 39.92167; 47.43111 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Aghjabadi |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) | |
13,480,161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%A9_Onde_Vai | Até Onde Vai | Até onde Vai is a studio album recorded by the Brazilian pop-rock/black music quintet Jota Quest. It was released in 2005. | 2021-01-10T04:37:29 | # Até Onde Vai
***Até onde Vai*** (English: "How Far It Goes") is a studio album recorded by the Brazilian pop-rock/black music quintet Jota Quest. It was released in 2005.
## Track listing
1. "Libere a Mente"
2. "Sunshine in Ipanema"
3. "Além do Horizonte"
4. "Até Onde Vai"
5. "O Sol"
6. "Vou a Pé"
7. "Lógica"
8. "Absurdo"
9. "Palavras de um Futuro Bom"
10. "Já Foi"
11. "Celebração do Inútil Desejo"
12. "Não Dá"
13. "É Rir pra Não Chorar"
14. "Star Man"
## InfoBox
| Até Onde Vai | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Studio album by Jota Quest | |
| Released | September 19, 2005 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Label | Sony BMG/Epic |
| | |
| Singles from *Até Onde Vai* | |
| 1. "Além do Horizonte" 2. "O Sol" 3. "Palavras de um Futuro Bom" 4. "Já Foi" 5. "Até Onde Vai" | |
| | | |
29,629,317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skidoo_Nunatak | Skidoo Nunatak | Skidoo Nunatak is a nunatak rising to 935 m, 1.3 nautical miles (2.4 km) south-southeast of Nodwell Peaks on Nordenskjold Coast, Graham Land. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) following geological work by British Antarctic Survey (BAS), 1978–79, and in association with the names of pioneers of overland mechanical transport grouped in this area. Named after the Bombardier Ski-doo snowmobile used extensively by BAS since 1976. This article incorporates public domain material from "Skidoo Nunatak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. | 2023-06-25T12:45:07 | # Skidoo Nunatak
**Skidoo Nunatak** (64°23′S 59°45′W / 64.383°S 59.750°W / -64.383; -59.750) is a nunatak rising to 935 m, 1.3 nautical miles (2.4 km) south-southeast of Nodwell Peaks on Nordenskjold Coast, Graham Land. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) following geological work by British Antarctic Survey (BAS), 1978–79, and in association with the names of pioneers of overland mechanical transport grouped in this area. Named after the Bombardier Ski-doo snowmobile used extensively by BAS since 1976.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Skidoo Nunatak". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey. |
31,582,780 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotlight_on_Jo_Stafford | Spotlight on Jo Stafford | Spotlight on Jo Stafford is a 1996 compilation album of songs recorded by American singer Jo Stafford. It was released on January 23, 1996, and appears on both the Capitol and EMI labels. | 2021-02-07T20:52:49 | # Spotlight on Jo Stafford
Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
***Spotlight on Jo Stafford*** is a 1996 compilation album of songs recorded by American singer Jo Stafford. It was released on January 23, 1996, and appears on both the Capitol and EMI labels.
## Track listing
1. "Just One of Those Things" (Cole Porter) - 2:42
2. "I Didn't Know About You"
3. "Walkin' My Baby Back Home"
4. "Too Marvelous for Words"
5. "In the Still of the Night"
6. "Autumn Leaves"
7. "Sugar"
8. "Haunted Heart"
9. "The Best Things in Life Are Free"
10. "The Boy Next Door"
11. "Sometimes I'm Happy"
12. "Fools Rush In"
13. "On the Sunny Side of the Street"
14. "I Remember You"
15. "Always True to You in My Fashion"
16. "La Vie en Rose"
17. "Over the Rainbow"
18. "I'll Be With You in Apple Blossom Time"
## InfoBox
| Spotlight on Jo Stafford | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Compilation album by Jo Stafford | |
| Released | January 23, 1996 |
| Genre | Traditional pop |
| Label | Capitol/EMI | |
4,932,000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordenskj%C3%B6ld_Outcrops | Nordenskjöld Outcrops | Nordenskjold Outcrops is a rock outcrops on the west side of Longing Peninsula at the northeast end of Nordenskjold Coast. The feature extends south for 2 miles (3.2 km) from the vicinity of Longing Gap and is the type locality for the geologic Nordenskjold Formation. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) following British Antarctic Survey (BAS) geological work, 1987–88, after Otto Nordenskiöld, leader of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition, 1901–04, who explored this coast in 1902. Fossils of the Jurassic cephalopod Trachyteuthis were discovered in this area in 1987–1988. | 2020-03-26T19:36:29 | # Nordenskjöld Outcrops
**Nordenskjold Outcrops** (64°27′S 58°58′W / 64.450°S 58.967°W / -64.450; -58.967) is a rock outcrops on the west side of Longing Peninsula at the northeast end of Nordenskjold Coast. The feature extends south for 2 miles (3.2 km) from the vicinity of Longing Gap and is the type locality for the geologic Nordenskjold Formation. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) following British Antarctic Survey (BAS) geological work, 1987–88, after Otto Nordenskiöld, leader of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition, 1901–04, who explored this coast in 1902.
Fossils of the Jurassic cephalopod *Trachyteuthis* were discovered in this area in 1987–1988.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Nordenskjöld Outcrops". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey. |
11,390,857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1LINK | 1LINK | 1LINK (Guarantee) Limited is a consortium of major banks that own and operate the largest representative interbank network in Pakistan and is incorporated under the Company Law, Section 42 by Security and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP).
1LINK has been converted to a Private Limited Company under section 49 of Companies Act 2017 on July 5, 2018. | 2024-01-15T23:35:30 | # 1LINK
**1LINK** (Guarantee) Limited is a consortium of major banks that own and operate the largest representative interbank network in Pakistan and is incorporated under the Company Law, Section 42 by Security and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP). 1LINK has been converted to a Private Limited Company under section 49 of Companies Act 2017 on July 5, 2018.
## History
### Timeline
* Year 1999: ABN AMRO and Askari Bank connected their ATM network to provide expanded services to their customers.
* Year 2002: SBP circular for the mandatory connectivity of either of the two switches (1LINK or MNET).
* Year 2003: 1LINK formed with a consortium of eleven founder banks.
* Year 2004: SBP instructed 1LINK and MNET to interconnect with each other.
* Year 2005: 1LINK partnership with Visa International using cutting edge technology
* Year 2006: 1LINK launched Inter Bank Funds Transfer Service (IBFT)
* Year 2007: 1LINK launched Utility Bill Payment Service (UBPS)
1LINK is owned by the consortium of eleven major banks of the country and operates through a chief executive officer. The company Board consists of eleven directors, one from each founder member bank.
The number of 1LINK member banks has increased rapidly since the inception of the company in 2004.
1LINK is the largest banking consortium in Pakistan. The State Bank of Pakistan has mandated that all commercial banks in Pakistan, both foreign and domestic, become members of 1LINK. Additionally, the four switches have been interconnected since 2006, which means that a consumer holding an ATM or debit card issued by any bank in Pakistan may use any ATM located throughout the country.
* Member Banks - 37
* Affiliates Members - 06
* White Label ATMs - 01
* Billers - 730
* Exchange Companies -04
## Statistics
* Strength of 38 banks, including all Islamic banks of the country and microfinance institutions.
* Pakistan’s largest ATM switch with 16,000+ ATMs in 200+ cities nationwide.
* Debit/credit card base exceeding 7.11 million.
* Volume of PKR 14.8 billion (monthly average) of ATM withdrawal.
* Inter bank funds transfer among more than 3000 branches of participating IBFT Banks nationwide.
* Monthly PKR 388 million (approximate) transfer of funds among IBFT banks.
## Products and Services
* Shared ATM Network
* Inter Bank Funds Transfer (1IBFT)
* Bill Payment Service (BPS)
* SatNav (GPS) Connectivity
* 1BILL
* 1QR
* 1ID
* FRMS
* BCCP
* Switch Dispute Resolution System
## PayPak - Domestic Payment Scheme
In line with State Bank of Pakistan vision 2020 to enhance and promote financial inclusion, 1LINK launched Pakistan’s first domestic payment scheme – PayPak in April, 2016.
PayPak has 10% of market share in terms of volume of cards in the market.
While Visa has 40%, Mastercard and UnionPay have 25% each of market share.
## InfoBox
1LINK
| | |
| --- | --- |
| Operating area | Pakistan |
| Members | 37 |
| ATMs | 14,000+ |
| Founded | 1999 |
| Website | https://1link.net.pk/ | |
76,708,884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic_Klinefelter_syndrome | Mosaic Klinefelter syndrome | Mosaic Klinefelter syndrome, also known as Klinefelter syndrome mosaicism 46,XX/47,XXY, is a rare disorder of sex development in which the individual exhibits mosaicism with two different karyotypes existing in the same body. Effects of the genetic condition may include lowered testosterone due to smaller than normal testicles, leading to little or no sperm count. Additional effects of reduced testosterone may be reduced muscle mass, reduced body and facial hair, and enlarged breast tissue. | 2024-04-22T21:51:34 | # Mosaic Klinefelter syndrome
**Mosaic Klinefelter syndrome**, also known as **Klinefelter syndrome mosaicism 46,XX/47,XXY**, is a rare disorder of sex development in which the individual exhibits mosaicism with two different karyotypes (46,XX, typical of normal females, and 47,XXY, typical of males with Klinefelter syndrome) existing in the same body. Effects of the genetic condition may include lowered testosterone due to smaller than normal testicles, leading to little or no sperm count. Additional effects of reduced testosterone may be reduced muscle mass, reduced body and facial hair, and enlarged breast tissue. |
75,622,068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FinDreams | FinDreams | FinDreams is the brand name used by four automotive supplier companies owned by BYD. These companies were announced in March 2020 as spin-offs from BYD. The establishment of FinDreams companies was done to grow sales of components to other automotive companies. The companies include FinDreams Battery, FinDreams Powertrain, FinDreams Technology, FinDreams Vision (cancelled), and FinDreams Precision. Its Chinese name, 'Fudi' comes from a poem in the Classic of Poetry, which means honesty, trustworthiness, steadfastness and diligence. | 2023-12-22T09:12:48 | # FinDreams
**FinDreams** (Chinese: 弗迪; pinyin: *Fúdí*) is the brand name used by four automotive supplier companies owned by BYD. These companies were announced in March 2020 as spin-offs from BYD. The establishment of FinDreams companies was done to grow sales of components to other automotive companies. The companies include FinDreams Battery, FinDreams Powertrain, FinDreams Technology, FinDreams Vision (cancelled), and FinDreams Precision.
Its Chinese name, 'Fudi' comes from a poem in the *Classic of Poetry*, which means honesty, trustworthiness, steadfastness and diligence.
## FinDreams Battery
FinDreams Battery Co., Ltd. was registered on 5 May 2019 as a successor to BYD Lithium Battery Co. Ltd., which was established in 1998. Its products include consumer batteries, electronic batteries, electric vehicle batteries and energy storage batteries. It is the world's third largest producer of electric vehicle batteries with a global market share of 12 percent in the first half of 2022. It specializes in lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, including blade battery. As of November 2021, the company has established 15 major production bases in more than 10 cities across China.
In early 2022, the company started construction of a joint venture plant with FAW Group called FAW-FinDreams to produce battery packs. BYD held 51 percent of the shares, while FAW held the rest. Located in Changchun, Jilin, the plant was designed with a total capacity of 45 GWh. The first battery pack rolled off the plant in July 2023, and the plant went operational in September 2023.
In June 2023, FinDreams Battery established a joint venture with Huaihai Holding Group, which is best known for electric tricycles and electric scooters, intending to establish the world's largest supplier of sodium-ion batteries. In January 2024, construction of the sodium-ion manufacturing plant was started. The CN¥10 billion (US$1.4 billion) plant will have a 30 GWh annual production capacity.
In February 2024, the company signed an 8-year agreement with American automotive supply company, BorgWarner. FinDreams Battery will supply BorgWarner with blade cells for manufacturing LFP battery packs in Europe, the Americas and several Asia Pacific regions. BorgWarner will also secure an intellectual property license to use FinDreams battery pack design and manufacturing process.
The subsidiary also owns Shenzhen BYD Energy Storage Co., Ltd., (previously Shenzhen Pingshan FinDreams Battery Co., Ltd.) that produces energy storage products. It produces the BYD Home Energy System, simplified as BYD HES, an integrated product combining solar panels, battery, inverter, etc. This system generated electricity from solar power, and then stored it.
## FinDreams Powertrain
FinDreams Powertrain Co., Ltd. develops and produces engines and powertrain-related parts such as transmissions, axles, electric car platforms and plug-in hybrid systems.
## FinDreams Technology
FinDreams Technology Co., Ltd. develops and produces automotive electronics and chassis-related parts that are used in passenger cars, commercial vehicles, and rail transit. It has ten major products such as vehicle thermal management, vehicle wiring harness, smart cockpit, advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS), passive safety, braking system, suspension and exhaust, body control, steering system, and body accessories.
## FinDreams Precision
FinDreams Precision Co., Ltd. (previously FinDreams Molding) operates moulding manufacturing and research and development.
## InfoBox
FinDreams
| | |
| --- | --- |
| Product type | Automotive components |
| Owner | BYD Company Limited |
| Country | China |
| Introduced | March 2020 (2020-03) |
| | |
| | |
| Chinese name | |
| Simplified Chinese | 弗迪 |
|
| Hanyu Pinyin | Fúdí |
| | |
| | |
| | | |
22,971,805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._656_Squadron_RAF | No. 656 Squadron RAF | No. 656 Squadron RAF was an air observation post unit of the Royal Air Force in India and Burma during the Second World War and afterwards in British Malaya. Numbers 651 to 663 Squadron of the RAF were air observation post units working closely with British Army units in artillery spotting and liaison. Their duties and squadron numbers were transferred to the Army with the formation of the Army Air Corps on 1 September 1957 With this it became 656 Light Aircraft Squadron Army Air Corps. | 2009-05-27T00:38:37 | # No. 656 Squadron RAF
**No. 656 Squadron RAF** was an air observation post unit of the Royal Air Force in India and Burma during the Second World War and afterwards in British Malaya. Numbers 651 to 663 Squadron of the RAF were air observation post units working closely with British Army units in artillery spotting and liaison. Their duties and squadron numbers were transferred to the Army with the formation of the Army Air Corps on 1 September 1957 With this it became 656 Light Aircraft Squadron Army Air Corps.
## History
### Formation and World War II
No. 656 Squadron was formed at RAF Westley on 31 December 1942. It embarked for India in August 1943 and went into action during the Burma campaign with the Fourteenth Army. Several officers were decorated, among them Captain Edward Maslen-Jones who was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Military Cross.
The squadron was to take part in the Allied invasion of Malaya, but the Japanese surrendered before this took place and the squadron disbanded on 15 January 1947.
### Reformation and Operation Firedog
The squadron reformed from No. 1914 Flight RAF on 29 June 1948 at Sembawang in Malaya and served in British Malaya to support Army and Police against Communist guerillas before it went over to Army control in September 1957. 656 Squadron performed a total of 143,000 operations in Malaya during Operation Firedog.
No. 1914 Air Observation Post Flight was formed within 656 Squadron.
## Aircraft operated
Aircraft operated by no. 656 Squadron RAF, data from
| From | To | Aircraft | Variant |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| January 1943 | August 1943 | de Havilland Tiger Moth | Mk.II |
| January 1943 | March 1943 | Auster | Mk.I |
| February 1943 | August 1943 | Auster | Mk.III |
| November 1943 | June 1945 | Auster | Mk.III |
| October 1944 | June 1945 | Auster | Mk.IV |
| February 1945 | January 1947 | Auster | Mk.V |
| June 1948 | May 1951 | Auster | AOP.5 |
| July 1950 | April 1956 | Auster | AOP.6 |
| September 1955 | September 1957 | Auster | AOP.9 |
### Notes
### Bibliography
* Flintham, Vic; Thomas, Andrew (2003). *Combat Codes: A Full Explanation and Listing of British, Commonwealth and Allied Air Force Unit Codes since 1938*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-84037-281-8.
* Halley, James J. (1988). *The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth, 1918–1988*. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-164-9.
* Jefford, C.G. (2001). *RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912* (2nd ed.). Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
* Lake, Alan (1999). *Flying units of the RAF*. Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN 1-84037-086-6.
* Maslen-Jones, E.W., MC, DFC. (1997). *Fire by Order: Recollections of Service with 656 Air Observation Post Squadron in Burma*. Barnsley, UK: Leo Cooper/Pen And Sword Books. ISBN 0-85052-557-8.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* Warner, Guy (2013). *From Auster to Apache: The history of 656 Squadron RAF/AAC 1942–2012*. Barnsley, UK: Pen And Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-78159-098-0.
## InfoBox
| No. 656 Squadron RAF | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 31 Dec 1942 – 15 Jan 1947<br>29 Jun 1948 – 1 Sep 1957 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Air Force |
| Role | Air observation post squadron |
| Motto(s) | Latin: *Volans et videns* <br>(Translation: "Flying and seeing") |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron Badge heraldry | In front of two gun barrels in saltire, a Chinthe head |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Reconnaissance | de Havilland Tiger Moth<br>Auster<br>Auster AOP.6<br>Auster AOP.9 | |
23,023,488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._657_Squadron_RAF | No. 657 Squadron RAF | No. 657 Squadron RAF was a unit of the Royal Air Force in North Africa, Italy and the Netherlands during the Second World War and afterwards in Germany. Numbers 651 to 663 Squadrons of the RAF were air observation post units working closely with British Army units in artillery spotting and liaison. Their duties and squadron numbers were transferred to the Army with the formation of the Army Air Corps on 1 September 1957. | 2009-05-31T09:01:40 | # No. 657 Squadron RAF
**No. 657 Squadron RAF** was a unit of the Royal Air Force in North Africa, Italy and the Netherlands during the Second World War and afterwards in Germany. Numbers 651 to 663 Squadrons of the RAF were air observation post units working closely with British Army units in artillery spotting and liaison. Their duties and squadron numbers were transferred to the Army with the formation of the Army Air Corps on 1 September 1957.
## History
No. 657 Squadron was formed at RAF Ouston on 31 January 1943. It went into action in August of that year, in North Africa. It later served in Italy, the Netherlands and Germany. In November 1945, the squadron returned to the UK and continued to support army units in the South of England until disbanded by being renumbered No. 651 Squadron RAF on 1 November 1955.
No. 1900 Independent Air Observation Post Flight was formed within 657 Squadron previously 'A' & 'B' Flights along with No. 1901 Air Observation Post Flight which was formed within 657 previously 'C' Flight.
The original squadron's heritage is being taken forward today by No. 657 Squadron AAC of the Joint Special Forces Aviation Wing.
## Aircraft operated
Aircraft operated by No. 657 Squadron RAF
| From | To | Aircraft | Variant |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Feb 1943 | May 1943 | Auster | Mk.I |
| May 1943 | Oct 1944 | Auster | Mk.III |
| Jun 1944 | Mar 1945 | Auster | Mk.IV |
| Dec 1944 | Mar 1945 | Auster | Mk.V |
| Apr 1945 | Nov 1952 | Auster | Mk.V |
| Mar 1946 | Dec 1952 | Auster | AOP.4 |
| Jun 1946 | Nov 1955 | Auster | AOP.6 |
| Apr 1947 | Apr 1951 | Sikorsky Hoverfly | Mk.II |
| Sep 1951 | Nov 1955 | Bristol Sycamore | HC.11 |
## Squadron bases
**Bases and airfields used by No. 657 squadron RAF**
| From To Base 31 Jan 1943 1 May 1943 RAF Ouston, Northumberland 1 May 1943 26 Jun 1943 RAF Westly 26 Jun 1943 15 Aug 1943 RAF Clifton 15 Aug 1943 24 Aug 1943 en route to North Africa 24 Aug 1943 22 Sep 1943 Algiers, Algeria 22 Sep 1943 16 Oct 1943 Bone, Algeria 16 Oct 1943 9 Jan 1944 Philippeville, Algeria 9 Jan 1944 16 Jan 1944 Châteaudun, Algeria 16 Jan 1944 28 Feb 1944 en route to Italy 28 Feb 1944 8 Apr 1944 Vasto, Italy 8 Apr 1944 11 May 1944 Presenzano, Italy 11 May 1944 5 Jun 1944 Campozilonne, Italy 5 Jun 1944 9 Jun 1944 Anagni, Italy 9 Jun 1944 23 Jun 1944 Civita Castellana, Italy 23 Jun 1944 29 Jun 1944 Città della Pieve, Italy 29 Jun 1944 4 Jul 1944 Ravigliano, Italy 4 Jul 1944 18 Jul 1944 Creti/Foiano, Italy 18 Jul 1944 19 Aug 1944 Carraia, Italy | From To Base 19 Aug 1944 1 Sep 1944 Iesi, Italy 1 Sep 1944 6 Oct 1944 Landing ground on south bank of river Foglia, Italy 6 Oct 1944 21 Oct 1944 Rimini, Italy 21 Oct 1944 4 Nov 1944 Savignano, Italy 4 Nov 1944 29 Nov 1944 Cesena, Italy 29 Nov 1944 15 Dec 1944 Cervia, Italy 15 Dec 1944 21 Mar 1945 San Pancrazio, Italy 21 Mar 1945 24 Mar 1945 Ravenna, Italy 24 Mar 1945 30 Mar 1945 Leghorn, Italy 30 Mar 1945 11 Apr 1945 Via Marseille, France, to The Netherlands 11 Apr 1945 16 Apr 1945 Gilze-Rijen, the Netherlands 16 Apr 1945 21 Apr 1945 Doetinchem, the Netherlands 21 Apr 1945 4 May 1945 Otterloo, the Netherlands 4 May 1945 16 May 1945 Teuge. the Netherlands 16 May 1945 20 Jun 1945 Hilversum, the Netherlands 20 Jun 1945 16 Nov 1945 Goslar, British Zone of Occupation 16 Nov 1945 26 Jan 1946 Wiltshire 26 Jan 1946 19 Jan 1948 RAF Andover, Hampshire 19 Jan 1948 1 Nov 1955 RAF Middle Wallop, Hampshire |
| --- | --- |
### Notes
### Bibliography
* Bowyer, Michael J.F.; Rawlings, John D.R. (1979). *Squadron Codes, 1937–56*. Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 0-85059-364-6.
* Flintham, Vic; Thomas, Andrew (2003). *Combat Codes: A Full Explanation and Listing of British, Commonwealth and Allied Air Force Unit Codes since 1938*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-84037-281-8.
* Halley, James J. (1988). *The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth, 1918–1988*. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-164-9.
* Jefford, C.G. (2001). *RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912* (2nd ed.). Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
* Lake, Alan (1999). *Flying units of the RAF*. Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN 1-84037-086-6.
## InfoBox
| No. 657 Squadron RAF | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 31 Jan 1943 – 1 Nov 1955 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Air Force |
| Role | Air observation post squadron |
| Motto(s) | Latin: *Per terras perque caelum*<br>(Translation: "By land and sky") |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron badge heraldry | A hand couped at the wrist, holding a gun barrel |
| Squadron codes | **VA** 1944–45 (HQ Flight)<br>**VB** 1944–45 ('A' Flight)<br>**VC** 1944–45 ('B' Flight)<br>**VD** 1944–45 ('C' Flight)<br>**TS** (1945 – Jan 1947) | |
76,710,622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_In_Action_(1994_film) | Back In Action (1994 film) | Back in Action is a 1994 Canadian action film directed by Steve DiMarco and Paul Ziller, starring Billy Blanks, Roddy Piper, Bobbie Phillips and Nigel Bennett. Blanks and Piper play contrasting types on a mission to take down a criminal cartel who threatens the former's sister, and killed the latter's police partner. | 2024-04-23T01:36:34 | # Back In Action (1994 film)
***Back in Action*** is a 1994 Canadian action film directed by Steve DiMarco and Paul Ziller, starring Billy Blanks, Roddy Piper, Bobbie Phillips and Nigel Bennett. Blanks and Piper play contrasting types on a mission to take down a criminal cartel who threatens the former's sister, and killed the latter's police partner.
## Plot
## Cast
## Production
The project started life as a vehicle for Canadian-based actor/producer Jalal Merhi. It was going to be a sequel to his 1992 film *Talons of the Eagle* (hence the sequel-styled title of *Back in Action*), and bring back the three stars from his 1993 offering *TC 2000*: Billy Blanks, Bobbie Phillips and Merhi himself. However, Merhi found his U.S. distributor and financier Shapiro-Glickenhaus Entertainment increasingly reluctant to work with him. Following some legal wranglings, Merhi was squeezed out of the project and replaced by Roddy Piper, while Blanks and Phillips remained on board.
Substituting Merhi's company Film One, SGE signed another Toronto outfit as its production partner, George Flak's Performance Pictures. Karl Schiffman, a friend of Flak's, was brought in and instructed to rewrite the script from scratch based on a stock buddy movie template, which he did in two weeks. Filming took place in the Toronto metropolitan area, starting on July 5, 1993, and concluding on August 13. Steve DiMarco was originally announced as the sole director, but he butted heads with SGE and was fired partway into the shoot to be replaced by Paul Ziller.
## Release
### Theatrical
*Back in Action* opened in Canadian theaters on June 3, 1994, through Cineplex Odeon Films.
### Home media
In the U.S., the film premiered on home video through MCA Home Video, which whom SGE had an output deal, on July 13, 1994. The film's British VHS preceded its domestic bow, arriving on March 9, 1994, from Guild Home Video.
## Reception
*Back in Action* has received mixed reviews. Rob Salem of *The Toronto Star* was most positive, calling it "\[t\]he exception to the rule" that low-budget Toronto action films lack in quality, and finding it far superior to Merhi's *TC 2000*. He judged that it was "inventively directed" and "often explosive", while Piper and Blanks "ma\[de\] a good team". He concluded that the film was "one of those rare times when a sequel is not only appropriate but almost required." The BBC's *Radio Times* called it "\[a\]n incredibly brutal film that boasts about one shoot-out or bone-breaking fight every ten minutes but, to its credit, it doesn’t take itself that seriously, and it’s sure to please action fans looking for some dumb, violent fun."
In his publication *VideoScope*, genre critic Joe Kane called the film "a nearly nonstop series of shoot-outs, chases, and punch-ups that, while energetically staged, grow too numbingly repetitious even for diehard action hounds." He deemed that "this exercise in kinetic brawn would have benefited from a bit more brain". Mike Mayo of *The Roanoke Times* and *VideoHound's Video Premieres* "\[a\] standard-issue buddy picture. Roddy Piper plays a cop who joins forces with martial arts favorite Billy Blanks as a Special Forces veteran to save Blanks' sister from gangsters The fight choreography is cliched, though there are some scenes where Piper really cuts loose with full Wrestlemania craziness." *Sight & Sound*, the British Film Institute's magazine, wrote that "\[m\]id-range martial-arts star Blanks teams up with Piper for a by-numbers action vehicle". Contrary to the *Toronto Star*, TV Guide did not find it a meaningful improvement over Blanks' Merhi-produced films, calling it: "a disposable, direct-to-video action bloodbath from the creators of the substantively similar *Talons of the Eagle* and *TC 2000*."
## Follow-up
Schiffman was booked to write a treatment for a direct sequel, which came close to getting into production, but SGE instead opted to commission a spiritual successor starring Piper and Blanks with a different team. The result was the similar but narratively distinct *Tough and Deadly*. Flak did re-team with Piper on 1995's *Jungleground* for Norstar Entertainment.
## InfoBox
| Back in Action | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Steve DiMarco<br>Paul Ziller |
| Screenplay by | Karl Schiffman |
| Produced by | George Flak |
| Starring | |
| Cinematography | Gilles Corbeil |
| Edited by | Marvin Lawrence |
| Music by | Varouje Hagopian |
| Production<br>company | Performance Pictures |
| Distributed by | Shapiro-Glickenhaus Entertainment |
| Release date | * June 3, 1994 (June 3, 1994) (Canada) |
| Running time | 93 minutes |
| Country | Canada |
| Language | English | |
21,971,684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ningbo_Incident | Ningbo Incident | The Ningbo incident was a 1523 brawl between trade representatives of two Japanese daimyō clans — the Ōuchi and the Hosokawa — in the Ming Chinese city of Ningbo. The Ōuchi pillaged and harmed local residents, causing massive damage. The turmoil resulted in the interruption of the Ming-Japanese trade and led to a surge in piratical (wokou) activity on the Chinese coast. The episode is also known by the names Ningbo tribute conflict (寧波争貢事件), Mingzhou incident (明州之亂), or the Sōsetsu incident (宗設之亂). | 2009-03-14T18:07:41 | # Ningbo Incident
The **Ningbo incident** (Chinese: 寧波之亂; Japanese: 寧波の乱) was a 1523 brawl between trade representatives of two Japanese *daimyō* clans — the Ōuchi and the Hosokawa — in the Ming Chinese city of Ningbo. The Ōuchi pillaged and harmed local residents, causing massive damage. The turmoil resulted in the interruption of the Ming-Japanese trade and led to a surge in piratical (*wokou*) activity on the Chinese coast. The episode is also known by the names Ningbo tribute conflict (寧波争貢事件), Mingzhou incident (明州之亂), or the Sōsetsu incident (宗設之亂).
## Background
Ming China considered Japan a tributary state in its Sinocentric world order. Under the Ming tributary system, Japan could present tribute to the Chinese imperial court and be rewarded in the form of gifts by the emperor. This was essentially an exchange of Japanese products for Chinese goods, and, being the only legal form of trade between China and Japan during the Ming's maritime prohibitions, was extremely profitable. The Japanese were assigned the city of Ningbo as their port of entry into China, and only those with tallies granted by the emperor were officially allowed to travel and trade within the boundaries of China. Hence, the Ming-Japan trade was called the "tally trade" (勘合貿易, *kangō bōeki* in Japanese and *kānhé màoyì* in Chinese).
The handling of the tally trade on the Japanese side was the responsibility of the "King of Japan", as the Chinese called the Ashikaga *shōgun*. However, after the Ōnin War broke out in Japan in 1467, the Ashikaga *shōguns* were reduced to such powerlessness that control of the lucrative China trade became contested between the nominal Ashikaga vassals the Hosokawa clan in Kyoto and the Ōuchi clan of Yamaguchi.
## The tribute conflict
In May 1523, trade fleets from both the Hosokawa and the Ōuchi clans arrived in Ningbo. The Ōuchi delegation, led by Kendō Sōsetsu (謙道宗設), carried the most up-to-date tally from the Zhengde Emperor and reached Ningbo before the Hosokawa delegation led by Rankō Zuisa (鸞岡端佐) and Song Suqing, who carried the outdated tallies of Zhengde's predecessor Hongzhi. Despite this, Song Suqing was able to use his connections to bribe the head eunuch of the Office of Shipping Trade (市舶司), Lai En (賴恩), so the Hosokawa party was received first and got preferential treatment. Enraged, the Ōuchi party went up in arms, killed Rankō Zuisa, burned the Hosokawa ship, and chased Song Suqing to the walls of Shaoxing. Failing to find Song Suqing there, the armed band burned and plundered their way back to Ningbo. They kidnapped a garrison commander Yuan Jin (袁璡) and made off to sea on commandeered ships. A Ming flotilla gave chase under the command of Liu Jin (劉錦), the Regional Commissioner against the Wo (備倭都指揮), but the Ōuchi party defeated them in battle and killed the commander.
## Aftermath
One of Kendō Sōsetsu's ships was blown to the coast of Joseon Korea by storm during their escape. Joseon Korea, being an ally of Ming China, killed 30 of the crew and captured two prisoners, Nakabayashi (中林) and Magotaro (望古多羅), who were handed over to China. In China, Nakabayashi and Magotaro were subjected to investigation along with Song Suqing. Song Suqing claimed that the Ōuchi had stolen their tallies, leaving them no choice but to use the outdated tallies; however, the Ministry of Rites deemed Song Suqing's words untrustworthy. In 1525, all three were sentenced to death, but they had all languished and died in prison before the sentence was carried out. A Ryukyu envoy was instructed to relay a message to Japan urging the rendition of Kendō Sōsetsu and the return of Yuan Jin and other captive coastal inhabitants, otherwise China would close its ports to Japan and consider a punitive expedition.
The Chinese investigation also uncovered the extent of the corruption involving foreign trade by Lai En and his henchmen. For these reasons, the port of Ningbo was closed to foreign trade, but Lai En retained his post until 1527 and actually had his powers expanded to deal with military emergencies. Although Japan continued to send tributary fleets to Ningbo, only two more (sent by the Ōuchi) were received in 1540 and 1549, after which the downfall of the Ōuchi family ended the official Ming-Japan trade. The cessation of foreign trade at Ningbo turned local merchants wishing to trade with the Japanese and other foreigners to engage in illicit trading on the offshore islands like Shuangyu. Some Chinese merchants and influential families began to owe the foreigners huge sums of debt as a result of this unregulated trade, which they would try to clear by informing the authorities to militarily clamp down on the illegal trade centers. To protect their goods and recover their losses, the participants of the foreign trade armed themselves against the Ming military and engaged in piratical and smuggling activities. This led to the widespread Jiajing wokou raids that terrorized the coast of China in the 1550s.
* Elisonas, Jurgis (1991). "6 - The inseparable trinity: Japan's relations with China and Korea". In Hall, John Whitney (ed.). *The Cambridge History of Japan*. Vol. 4: Early Modern Japan. Cambridge Eng. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521223553.
* Fogel, Joshua A. (2009). *Articulating the Sinosphere: Sino-Japanese Relations in Space and Time*. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674032590.
* Frédéric, Louis (2005). *Japan Encyclopedia*. Translated by Käthe Roth. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674017536.
* Goodrich, L. Carrington; Fang, L. Chaoying, eds. (1976). *Dictionary of Ming biography, 1368-1644*. Vol. 2. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231038331.
* Higgins, Roland L. (1981). *Piracy and coastal defense in the Ming period: Government response to coastal disturbances, 1523-1549* (Ph.D.). University of Minnesota.
* So, Kwan-wai (1975). *Japanese piracy in Ming China during the 16th century*. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. ISBN 0870131796. |
40,780,830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrective_Revolution_(Egypt) | Corrective Revolution (Egypt) | The Corrective Revolution was a reform program launched on 15 May 1971 by President Anwar Sadat. It involved purging Nasserist members of the government and security forces, often considered pro-Soviet and left-wing, and drumming up popular support by presenting the takeover as a continuation of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, while at the same time radically changing track on issues of foreign policy, economy, and ideology. This includes a large shift in Egyptian diplomacy, building ties to the United States and Israel, while breaking from the USSR and, after signing the Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty, Egypt's subsequent suspension from the Arab League. Sadat's Corrective Revolution also included the imprisonment of other political forces in Egypt, including leftists and officials still loyal to Nasserism. Sadat used the Corrective Revolution as a way to 'exorcise Nasser's ghost' from Egyptian politics, and to establish his domestic legitimacy. | 2013-10-13T10:58:40 | # Corrective Revolution (Egypt)
The **Corrective Revolution** (officially launched as the "Corrective Movement") was a reform program (officially just a change in policy) launched on 15 May 1971 by President Anwar Sadat. It involved purging Nasserist members of the government and security forces, often considered pro-Soviet and left-wing, and drumming up popular support by presenting the takeover as a continuation of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, while at the same time radically changing track on issues of foreign policy, economy, and ideology. This includes a large shift in Egyptian diplomacy, building ties to the United States and Israel, while breaking from the USSR and, after signing the Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty, Egypt's subsequent suspension from the Arab League.
Sadat's Corrective Revolution also included the imprisonment of other political forces in Egypt, including leftists and officials still loyal to Nasserism. Sadat used the Corrective Revolution as a way to 'exorcise Nasser's ghost' from Egyptian politics, and to establish his domestic legitimacy.
## Political reforms
Shortly after taking office, Sadat shocked many Egyptians by dismissing and imprisoning two of the most powerful figures in the regime, Vice President Ali Sabri, who had close ties with Soviet officials, and Sharawy Gomaa, the Interior Minister, who controlled the secret police. Sadat's rising popularity would accelerate after he cut back the powers of the secret police, expelled Soviet military from the country and reformed the Egyptian army for a renewed confrontation with Israel. During this time, Egypt was suffering greatly from economic problems caused by the Six-Day War and the Soviet relationship also declined due to their unreliability and refusal of Sadat's requests for more military support.
## Economic reforms
In an attempt to revitalize the economy, Sadat enacted the Infitah, a series of policies that attempted to open the economy to Western private investment. Despite significant changes in areas such as loan, tariff, and tax policies, the increase in capitalistic investment was disappointing. This was at least partially due to public hesitation to the change, not wanting to lose the gains in education, equality, and wages made during the Nasser administration, or national sovereignty to foreign powers. The public sector therefore retained a large amount of control over the economy, leading Western investors to remain relatively suspicious of Egypt. Regardless, capital investments did come, and the economy experienced a slow but steady recovery in the following years.
## Opposition movements
In the early years of his presidency, Sadat encouraged older, more moderate Islamist groups and intellectuals, freeing political activists imprisoned by President Nasser, and even promoting of ex-Muslim Brotherhood leaders such as Sheikth al Khazali to state positions. His motives were two-fold: provide a conservative foil to leftists that maintained the ideals of the previous administration, and to hopefully appease more rebellious Islamist movements, such as the rapidly growing al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya. However, when Sadat began to initiate peace talks with Israel in 1977, his tenuous management of jihadist groups began to fail rapidly. These talks were a sharp change in Sadat's international policy, who said of Israel in 1970, "Don't ask me to make diplomatic relations with them. Never. Never. Leave it to the coming generations to decide that, not me." Most notably, despite Sadat's initial minimum demand for Palestinian self-determination, the treaty signed in 1979 made no definite plan for Palestinian independence. By 1981, Egyptian discontent peaked, including multiple violent riots including various radical Islamist organizations, to which Sadat responded with uncharacteristic force, detaining 1,600 opponents, followed by the forced expulsion of over 1,000 Soviet citizens he accused of conspiracy. During a parade in October 1981, Sadat was shot by a group of extremists, connected to various Islamist groups.
## InfoBox
Corrective Movement
| Date | 15 May 1971 |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Egypt |
| Participants | Anwar Sadat |
| Outcome | * Anwar Sadat's consolidation of power. * Radical changes in Egypt's politics, economy, and foreign policy. | |
42,679,491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide_University_Union_Redevelopment | Adelaide University Union Redevelopment | The Adelaide University Union redevelopment (1967–1975) is one of the most significant buildings in the University of Adelaide complex. The building was designed by architect Robert Dickson in stages from 1967 to 1975, commissioned by both the Adelaide University Union and University of Adelaide. The Union council presented the problem that the existing university accommodation needed to be redesigned within the confines of the existing built-up site, and the facilities were to be kept in operation during redevelopment. The design concept was to be low-rise to allow for easy movement on foot, provide important and attractive circulation spaces encouraging intercommunication. The building embraces a diversity of functions with space for a bookshop, shops, refectories, a cinema, theatre, gallery and offices, while encompassing a large five level red brick and concrete building with exposed brickwork and timber detailing. The redevelopment has several entrances, balconies and terraces connecting it to the multiple levels of the university site, while many aspects of the design and materiality match those of the historic university context, including works by architects Walter Bagot and Louis Laybourne-Smith. | 2014-05-06T12:56:21 | # Adelaide University Union Redevelopment
The **Adelaide University Union redevelopment** (1967–1975) is one of the most significant buildings in the University of Adelaide complex.
The building was designed by architect Robert Dickson in stages from 1967 to 1975, commissioned by both the Adelaide University Union and University of Adelaide. The Union council presented the problem that the existing university accommodation needed to be redesigned within the confines of the existing built-up site, and the facilities were to be kept in operation during redevelopment. The design concept was to be low-rise to allow for easy movement on foot, provide important and attractive circulation spaces encouraging intercommunication.
The building embraces a diversity of functions with space for a bookshop, shops, refectories, a cinema, theatre, gallery and offices, while encompassing a large five level red brick and concrete building with exposed brickwork and timber detailing. The redevelopment has several entrances, balconies and terraces connecting it to the multiple levels of the university site, while many aspects of the design and materiality match those of the historic university context, including works by architects Walter Bagot and Louis Laybourne-Smith. |
76,713,743 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumut_Royal_Malaysian_Navy_mid-air_helicopter_collision | Lumut Royal Malaysian Navy mid-air helicopter collision | On 23 April 2024 two Royal Malaysian Navy helicopters collided mid-air in Lumut, Perak, Malaysia leaving 10 dead with no survivors. | 2024-04-23T12:51:22 | # Lumut Royal Malaysian Navy mid-air helicopter collision
On 23 April 2024 two Royal Malaysian Navy helicopters collided mid-air in Lumut, Perak, Malaysia leaving 10 dead with no survivors.
1. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/ten-killed-after-two-malaysian-navy-helicopters-collide-mid-air-2024-04-23/
## InfoBox
Lumut Royal Malaysian Navy mid-air helicopter collision
| Date | 23 April 2024 |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Lumut, Perak, Malaysia |
| Type | mid-air collision |
| Deaths | 10 |
| Non-fatal injuries | 0 | |
76,733,283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sthenopus_spinosus | Sthenopus spinosus | Stenopus spinosus is a shrimp-like decapod crustacean belonging to the infraorder Stenopodidea. | 2024-04-25T04:50:16 | # Sthenopus spinosus
***Stenopus spinosus*** is a shrimp-like decapod crustacean belonging to the infraorder Stenopodidea.
## Description
*Stenopus spinosus* can grow up to 8 centimetres (3.1 in) long, and is chiefly yellow, with white antennae and white tips to the chelae (claws). The uropods and telson have red tips.
## Distribution
*Stenopus spinosus* is commonly found in shallow waters in the Mediterranean Sea, and at greater depths in adjacent parts of the Atlantic Ocean. It is frequently encountered on night dives in parts of its range. A record of *S. spinosus* from the Red Sea proved to be a different species, *Engystenopus spinulatus*.
## InfoBox
| Sthenopus spinosus | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Decapoda |
| Suborder: | Pleocyemata |
| Family: | Stenopodidae |
| Genus: | *Stenopus* |
| Species: | ***S. spinosus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Stenopus spinosus***<br>Risso, 1827 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Byzenus scaber* Rafinesque, 1814 | | |
11,230,092 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._652_Squadron_RAF | No. 652 Squadron RAF | No. 652 Squadron RAF was a unit of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War and afterwards in Germany.
Numbers 651 to 663 Squadrons of the RAF were air observation post units working closely with Army units in artillery spotting and liaison. A further three of these squadrons, 664, 665 and 666, were AOP units of the Royal Canadian Air Force manned by Canadian and British personnel. Their duties and squadron numbers were transferred to the Army with the formation of the Army Air Corps on 1 September 1957. | 2007-05-14T23:49:37 | # No. 652 Squadron RAF
**No. 652 Squadron RAF** was a unit of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War and afterwards in Germany. Numbers 651 to 663 Squadrons of the RAF were air observation post units working closely with Army units in artillery spotting and liaison. A further three of these squadrons, 664, 665 and 666, were AOP units of the Royal Canadian Air Force manned by Canadian and British personnel. Their duties and squadron numbers were transferred to the Army with the formation of the Army Air Corps on 1 September 1957.
## History
### Formation and World War II
No. 652 Squadron was formed at RAF Old Sarum, Wiltshire, on 1 May 1942 and went into action in Normandy on 7 June 1944 in support of the British Second Army and the Operation Overlord landings. Most of its pilots and observers came from the British Army, while maintenance was carried out by RAF personnel. The squadron moved with the Second Army through France, Belgium and the Netherlands into Germany.
### Claim to fame
'C' Flight, No. 652 Squadron RAF has been credited with firing the last British shots of the war in Europe while directing artillery fire at the siege of Dunkirk on 7 May 1945, sharing in this action with No. 665 Squadron RCAF.
### Post war service
After the German surrender it remained as part of the British Air Forces of Occupation, later of the 2nd Tactical Air Force.
No. 1902 Air Observation Post Flight was formed within 652 Squadron previously 'A' Flight also No. 1903 Air Observation Post Flight which was formed within 652 Squadron previously 'B' Flight No. 1904 Air Observation Post Flight was formed within 652 Squadron previously 'C' Flight No. 1905 Air Observation Post Flight was formed within 652 Squadron
The unit was disbanded in September 1957, when it was merged into the Army Air Corps. It will be a Wildcat OCU Squadron in the future.
The original squadron is represented today by **652 Squadron** of **1 Regiment Army Air Corps**
## Aircraft operated
Aircraft operated by 652 Squadron
| From | To | Aircraft | Variant |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| May 1942 | November 1942 | de Havilland Tiger Moth | Mk.II |
| August 1942 | March 1943 | Taylorcraft Plus | C.2 |
| October 1942 | March 1943 | Auster | Mk.I |
| March 1943 | March 1944 | Auster | Mk.III |
| February 1944 | August 1946 | Auster | Mk.IV |
| December 1944 | December 1953 | Auster | Mk.V |
| September 1946 | September 1957 | Auster | AOP.6 |
| January 1956 | September 1957 | Auster | AOP.9 |
## Squadron bases
Bases and airfields used by no.652 Squadron RAF, data from
| From | To | Base | Remark |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 May 1942 | 15 June 1942 | RAF Old Sarum, Wiltshire | |
| 15 June 1942 | 11 August 1942 | RAF Bottisham, Cambridgeshire | |
| 11 August 1942 | 31 December 1942 | RAF Westley, Suffolk | |
| 31 December 1942 | 20 February 1943 | RAF Dumfries, Dumfriesshire, Scotland | |
| 20 February 1943 | 28 March 1943 | RAF Sawbridgeworth, Hertfordshire | |
| 28 March 1943 | 2 July 1943 | RAF Methven, Perth and Kinross, Scotland | |
| 2 July 1943 | 7 November 1943 | RAF Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotland | |
| 7 November 1943 | 25 March 1944 | RAF Ipswich, Suffolk | |
| 25 March 1944 | 29 April 1944 | RAF Denham, Buckinghamshire | |
| 29 April 1944 | 7 June 1944 | RAF Cobham, Surrey | |
| 6 June 1944 | 7 June 1944 | Bény-sur-Mer, Calvados, France | Advance Party |
| 7 June 1944 | 8 July 1944 | Plumetot, Calvados, France | |
| 8 July 1944 | 1 August 1944 | Reviers, Calvados, France | |
| 1 August 1944 | 13 August 1944 | Blainville-sur-Orne, Calvados, France | |
| 13 August 1944 | 17 August 1944 | Grentheville, Calvados, France | |
| 17 August 1944 | 23 August 1944 | St-Pierre-sur-Dives, Calvados, France | |
| 23 August 1944 | 26 August 1944 | Lisieux, Calvados, France | |
| 26 August 1944 | 3 September 1944 | 49 13'N 00 29'E, Calvados, France |
| 3 September 1944 | 4 September 1944 | Foucart, Seine-Maritime, France | |
| 4 September 1944 | 14 September 1944 | Angerville-l'Orcher, Seine-Maritime, France | |
| 14 September 1944 | 17 September 1944 | Héricourt-en-Caux, Seine-Maritime, France | |
| 17 September 1944 | 23 September 1944 | Parfondeval, Seine-Maritime, France | |
| 23 September 1944 | 27 September 1944 | Buken, Flemish Brabant, Belgium | |
| 27 September 1944 | 5 October 1944 | Zoersel, Antwerp, Belgium | |
| 5 October 1944 | 13 October 1944 | Het Geheul, Antwerp, Belgium | |
| 13 October 1944 | 19 October 1944 | Turnhout, Antwerp, Belgium | |
| 19 October 1944 | 23 October 1944 | 51 17'N 04 39'E, Antwerp, Belgium | |
| 23 October 1944 | 1 November 1944 | Maria ter Heide, Antwerp, Belgium | |
| 1 November 1944 | 4 November 1944 | Brasschaat, Antwerp, Belgium | |
| 4 November 1944 | 10 November 1944 | Roosendaal, North Brabant, Netherlands | |
| 10 November 1944 | 31 December 1944 | Brasschaat, Antwerp, Belgium | |
| 31 December 1944 | 1 April 1945 | Tilburg, North Brabant, Netherlands | |
| 1 April 1945 | 3 April 1945 | Kleve, Westphalia, Allied-occupied Germany | |
| 3 April 1945 | 30 April 1945 | Zutphen, Gelderland, Netherlands | |
| 1 May 1945 | 14 June 1945 | Rhede, Westphalia, Allied-occupied Germany | |
| 14 June 1945 | 16 November 1945 | Deilinghofen, Westphalia, Allied-occupied Germany | |
| 16 November 1945 | 29 April 1946 | RAF Hoya, Province of Hanover, British Zone of Occupation | |
| 29 April 1946 | 1 December 1947 | B.118/RAF Celle, Lower Saxony, British Zone of Occupation | Nos. 1902, 1903 & 1904 Flts. |
| 1 December 1947 | 1 May 1949 | B.156/RAF Luneburg, Lower Saxony, British Zone of Occupation | Nos. 1902, 1903, 1904 & 1905 Flts. |
| 1 May 1949 | 1 September 1957 | RAF Detmold, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany | Nos. 1901, 1904, 1905 & 1909 Flts. |
### Notes
### Bibliography
* Bowyer, Michael J.F.; Rawlings, John D.R. (1979). *Squadron Codes, 1937–56*. Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 0-85059-364-6.
* Flintham, Vic; Thomas, Andrew (2003). *Combat Codes: A Full Explanation and Listing of British, Commonwealth and Allied Air Force Unit Codes since 1938*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-84037-281-8.
* Halley, James J. (1988). *The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth, 1918–1988*. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-164-9.
* Jefford, C.G. (2001). *RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912* (2nd ed.). Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
* Lake, Alan (1999). *Flying units of the RAF*. Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN 1-84037-086-6.
## InfoBox
| No. 652 Squadron RAF | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1 May 1942 – 1 September 1957 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Air Force |
| Role | Air observation post squadron |
| Motto(s) | Latin: *Sive aere sive campo*<br>(Translation: "In the air and in the field") |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron badge heraldry | In front of wings conjoined in base, a gun barrel fesswise |
| Identification<br>symbol | **XM** (Sep 1946–1951) |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Reconnaissance | de Havilland Tiger Moth<br>Taylorcraft Auster<br>Auster AOP.6 | |
76,710,580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offensive_Weapon_(Belfast_Oi_Band) | Offensive Weapon (Belfast Oi Band) | Offensive Weapon were a short lived far-right 'Oi' band formed in Belfast in 1981. Their lineup consisted of Sam 'Skelly' McCrory on vocals, Brian Watson on guitar, Johnny 'Mad Dog' Adair on bass, and Julian 'Tarzen' Carson. The band were noted for espousing white nationalist, racist, neo-Nazi and sectarian views, with their members later becoming prominent in the Ulster Defence Association. | 2024-04-23T01:26:51 | # Offensive Weapon (Belfast Oi Band)
Offensive Weapon were a short lived far-right 'Oi' band formed in Belfast in 1981. Their lineup consisted of **Sam** '**Skelly**' **McCrory** on vocals, Brian Watson on guitar, **Johnny** '**Mad Dog**' **Adair** on bass, and Julian 'Tarzen' Carson. The band were noted for espousing white nationalist, racist, neo-Nazi and sectarian views, with their members later becoming prominent in the Ulster Defence Association.
## History
Offensive Weapon were a short lived far-right Skinhead band formed in Belfast in 1981. Essentially they were a Shankill Road outfit. They recorded a demo with songs like 'Made In Ulster', 'Gestapo R.U.C', ‘We Killed Your Kid With A Plastic Bullet’, and 'Bulldog' (which had a theme of 'Keep Britain White'). They made appearances at a number of White Power gigs in 1983, being a member of the wider National Front family. Their first major live appearance was in a National Front-organised 'Rock Against Communism' festival on 29 September 1984 in Suffolk together with: Last Orders, Buzzard Bait, Public Enemy, Brutal Attack and Skrewdriver. Their dedicated following were known as the ‘Offensive Weapon White Warriors’ and Skrewdriver bodyguard Matty, led them. This band was noted in the media for wearing 'Hang Nelson Mandela' t-shirts and gave pro-Hitler press interviews saying that Hitler should have "gassed 'taigs' as well" during the Holocaust. Carson left the band in 1983. In September 1983, Adair and an associate of the band, Donald Hodgen, attended a National Front march aiming to violently disrupt a Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament rally at Belfast City Hall.
Running parallel to the band was the skinhead street gang formed by Adair and McCrory with a group of young loyalist friends, who were heavily involved in both petty and violent crime. Other members included Donald Hodgen, "Fat" Jackie Thompson, James Millar and Herbie Millar. The gang gained widespread notoriety on 14 January 1981 following a vicious attack, accompanied with Nazi salutes, against fans of The Specials and The Beat when both played a concert at the Ulster Hall. The gang was not sanctioned by the local Ulster Defence Association and following the assault of an old age pensioner by the gang, Adair was given the option of joining the UDA or receiving a 'kneecapping' - he opted to join the UDA's youth wing, the Ulster Young Militants \- while McCrory was kneecapped. The band would break up following McCrory's imprisonment in 1984.
McCory became the UDA/UFF leader in the Maze prison while serving 16 years for conspiracy to murder, before being released early under the Good Friday Agreement. McCrory was noted as still having a 'White power' tattoo on his right hand during prison visits by Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Mo Mowlam. Adair would become known for being a member of the UDA faction that used the Ulster Freedom Fighters cover-name. He later became the leader of the West Belfast UDA's ‘C’ Company. Both would be forcibly exiled in 2003 by the wider UDA following feuds and an unsuccessful attempt to take control over the entire organisation. Adair lived for Bolton for a time with an associate from neo-Nazi group Combat 18. McCrory died from a fall at his home in Ayr, Scotland, in 2022.
1. "Terror chiefs Johnny 'Mad Dog' Adair and Sam McCrory hailed as trailblazing punks in new book". *SundayWorld.com*. 2024-04-22. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
2. "Rock 'n' roll saved Northern Ireland: Stuart Bailie's love for the 'soundtrack of the Troubles' prompted him to write the definitive history of music and the conflict... but it wasn't all sweetness and light". *BelfastTelegraph.co.uk*. 2018-04-20. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
3. McDonald, Henry (2000-08-27). "Revealed: Nazi roots of the thugs who threaten peace". *The Observer*. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
4. Lister, David; Jordan, Hugh (2013). *Mad Dog: The Rise and Fall of Johnny Adair and 'C Company'*. Random House. ISBN 9781780578163. Between 1981 and 1984, Offensive Weapon played around 20 concerts.
5. Jordan, Hugh (2021-09-18). "Terror chiefs Johnny 'Mad Dog' Adair and Sam McCrory hailed as trailblazing punks in new book". *SundayWorld.com*. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
6. Tyaransen, Olaf. "OLAF'S GREATEST HITS: Johnny 'Mad Dog' Adair (2007)". *Hotpress*. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
7. Shaffer, Ryan (2013). "The Soundtrack of Neo-Fascism: Youth and Music in the National Front". *Patterns of Prejudice*. **47** (4–5): 474. doi:10.1080/0031322X.2013.842289. S2CID 144461518.
8. McDonald, Henry; Cusack, Jim (2004). *UDA – Inside the Heart of Loyalist Terror*. Dublin: Penguin Ireland. pp. 167–169, 392–393. ISBN 9781844880201.
9. Wood, Ian S. (2006). *Crimes of Loyalty: A History of the UDA*. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 155–156. ISBN 978-0-7486-2427-0.
10. Cunningham, Grainne (1998-10-16). "UDA's leader in Maze is among early releases". *Irish Independent*. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
11. McGonagle, Suzanne (2015-07-21). "Once feared loyalist leaders: Johnny Adair and Sam McCrory". *The Irish News*. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
12. Clarke, Liam; Adams, Lucy (2024-04-23). "UDA threat to Scots exiles". *The Times*. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
13. Morris, Allison (2022-07-24). "Prominent loyalist Sam 'Skelly' McCrory who fled Belfast at height of internal feud found dead in Scotland". *BelfastTelegraph.co.uk*. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
## InfoBox
| Offensive Weapon | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Shankill Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland |
| Genres | Oi |
| Years active | 1981–1984 |
| Labels | Self-Released |
| | |
| Past members | Sam McCrory Brian Watson Johnny Adair Julian Carson | |
40,531,914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_There%27s_More | And There's More | And There's More is a British comedy sketch show starring Jimmy Cricket produced by Central Independent Television for ITV from 28 June 1985 to 2 July 1988. | 2013-09-14T20:39:01 | # And There's More
***And There's More*** is a British comedy sketch show starring Jimmy Cricket produced by Central Independent Television for ITV from 28 June 1985 to 2 July 1988.
## Cast
Over the four series Jimmy was joined by a number of other people:
### Series One
### Series Two
### Series Three
### Series Four
## Transmissions
* S1: 28 June - 2 August 1985: 6 episodes
* S2: 12 July - 16 August 1986: 6 episodes
* S3: 3 July - 7 August 1987: 6 episodes
* S4: 28 May - 2 July 1988: 6 episodes
## InfoBox
| *And There's More* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Comedy |
| Written by | * Ray Allen * Charlie Adams * John Blight * Steven Brown * Gordon MacGregor * Roger Johnson * John Langdon * Trevor McCallum * Ray Martin * Tim Whitnall |
| Directed by | Tony Wolfe |
| Starring | Jimmy Cricket |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 4 |
| No. of episodes | 24 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Central Independent Television |
| Running time | 30 minutes (including adverts) |
| Original release | |
| Network | ITV |
| Release | 28 June 1985 (1985-06-28) <br>2 July 1988 (1988-07-02) | |
71,943,052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaibhav_Gehlot_(Rajasthan) | Vaibhav Gehlot (Rajasthan) | Vaibhav Gehlot is an Indian National Congress politician and Member of the Indian National Congress. He is contesting as the Congress candidate at Jalore in the 2024 general election. & He is Former contesting as the Congress candidate at Jodhpur in the 2019 general election but was defeated by the BJP candidate Gajendra Singh Shekhawat. | 2022-10-07T11:34:27 | # Vaibhav Gehlot (Rajasthan)
**Vaibhav Gehlot** (born 2 June 1980) is an Indian National Congress politician and Member of the Indian National Congress. He is contesting as the Congress candidate at Jalore in the 2024 general election. & He is Former contesting as the Congress candidate at Jodhpur in the 2019 general election but was defeated by the BJP candidate Gajendra Singh Shekhawat.
## InfoBox
| Vaibhav Gehlot | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1980-06-02) 2 June 1980<br>Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Political party | Indian National Congress |
| Spouse | Himanshi Gehlot |
| Children | 2 |
| Parent(s) | Ashok Gehlot (father) <br>Sunita Gehlot (mother) |
| Residence(s) | Jodhpur, Rajasthan |
| Education | BSL & LLB |
| Alma mater | University of Pune |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Profession | Advocate |
| | | |
76,599,128 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglomerate_(Steel_industry) | Agglomerate (Steel industry) | Agglomerate is a material composed of iron oxides and gangue, roasted and sintered in an agglomeration plant. This product is obtained by burning coal previously mixed with iron ore and oxides. This conditioning of iron ore optimizes its use in the blast furnace. | 2024-04-12T17:58:43 | # Agglomerate (Steel industry)
**Agglomerate** is a material composed of iron oxides and gangue, roasted and sintered in an agglomeration plant. This product is obtained by burning coal previously mixed with iron ore and oxides. This conditioning of iron ore optimizes its use in the blast furnace.
## History
The advantages of agglomeration were identified very early on, but the processes used at the time were not continuous. The primitive method, which consisted of a grindstone grate, was abandoned towards the end of the 19th century because it was too fuel-intensive. Shaft furnaces then replaced them, their much higher efficiency being due both to the confinement of the reaction and to counter-current operation (the solids sink and the gases rise).
In these furnaces, iron ores were roasted to obtain the opposite result to the one we're looking for now: in 1895, roasting was carried out at low temperatures to avoid aggregation, and to obtain friable ore.
At the time, ore roasting furnaces were tanks inspired by blast furnaces and lime kilns, and were not very productive tools. Around 1910, the Greenawald process, which automated the principle3, saw some development, enabling the production of 300,000 tonnes a year.
In June 1906, A.S. Dwight and R. L. Lloyd built the first agglomerating machine on a chain (also known as a grate), which began agglomerating copper and lead ores. The first agglomeration line for iron ores was built in 1910 in Birdsboro, Pennsylvania.
It took some thirty years for the sintering of ores on chains to become widespread in the steel industry. Whereas before the Second World War, it was mainly used for reconditioning ore fines, after 1945 it became widespread for processing raw ores. Today, it plays an essential role in the blending of different ores and, above all, in the incorporation of mineral wastes of varying iron content. This recycling role improves profitability and limits the amount of waste generated by steel complexes, which generate numerous iron-rich residues (slag, sludge, dust, etc.).
## Interests and limitations
### Interests
Chipboard is a product optimized for use in blast furnaces. To do so, it must meet several conditions:
* be composed of a gangue of oxides which, combined with the ash from coke combustion (essentially silica), will give rise to a fusible slag which is both reactive towards impurities (in particular the sulfur provided by the coke), not very aggressive towards the refractories lining the blast furnace and of a quality suitable for its use;
* Ensure a precise particle size, generally between 20 and 80 mm (pieces that are too small clog up the furnace, and pieces that are too large take too long to transform in the core);
* maintain permeability to reducing gases at the highest possible temperatures;
* low-temperature endothermic reactions that can be carried out more economically outside a blast furnace. These are essentially drying, calcination of the gangue (decarbonisation of limestone and dehydration of clay or gypsum), and reduction reactions. The agglomerate then becomes, at equal weight, richer in iron than the ore.
* over oxidize iron oxides, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> being better reduced by the carbon monoxide present in the blast furnace than less oxidized compounds, especially Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>.
Another advantage is the elimination of undesirable elements: the chain agglomeration process eliminates 80-95% of the sulfur present in the ore and its additives. It's also a way of getting rid of zinc, the element that "poisons" blast furnaces, as its vaporization temperature of 907°C corresponds to that of a well-conducted roast.
### Limitations
On the other hand, agglomerate is an abrasive product that damages blast furnace vessels, especially if these are not designed for absorber, and is above all fragile. Repeated handling degrades its grain size and generates fines, making it unsuitable for packaging at sites far from blast furnaces: pellets are therefore preferable. Cold resistance, particularly to crushing, can be improved by increasing the energy input during sintering.
Improving mechanical strength also improves the performance of agglomerates in the processes that use them. The reduction of hematite (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) to magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) creates internal stresses. However, in addition to increasing the cost of agglomerate production, reducibility deteriorates when mechanical strength is sought.
## Composition
Agglomerates are generally classified as acidic or basic. The complete basicity index ic is calculated by the following ratio of mass concentrations:
$I\_{c}={\frac {\[CaO\]+\[MgO\]}{\[SiO\_{2}\]+\[Al\_{2}O\_{3}\]}}$
It is often simplified by simply calculating a simplified basicity index noted i (or sometimes ia), equal to the ratio CaO / SiO2. An agglomerate with an index ic of less than 1 is said to be acidic; above 1, it is generally said to be basic; equal to 1, it is said to be self-melting (i<sub>c</sub>=1 being equivalent to i<sub>a</sub>=1.40). Before the 1950s, agglomerates with an ic value of less than 0.5 were in the majority. Then, when it was realized that agglomerate could incorporate limestone, which was then charged into the blast furnace separately, basic indices became widespread: in 1965, indices below 0.5 represented less than 15% of the tonnage of agglomerate produced, while basic agglomerates accounted for 45%.
Again, we find the relationship: $\scriptstyle \ i\_{b}={\frac {\[CaO\]+k\cdot \[MgO\]}{\[SiO\_{2}\]}}$ k being an empirically determined constant (sometimes equal, for simplicity, to 1). Iron reduction is, in itself, favored by a basic environment, and peaks at 2\<i<sub>b</sub>\<2.5. It is also in this range that mechanical strength is best (and also, the slag's fusibility is the worst, which complicates its removal from the blast furnace). Above an ib value of 2.6, the proportion of molten agglomerate increases, clogging the pores and slowing down chemical reactions between gases and oxides. As for acid agglomerates with an i<sub>b</sub> index of less than 1, softening begins as soon as only around 15% of the ore has been reduced.
The optimum basicity index is therefore determined according to the ore used, the technical characteristics of the blast furnace, the intended use of the cast iron and the desired qualities. For example:
* Cast irons made from Minette (ore) and intended for refining using the Thomas process had basicities of i=1.35 (a complete index I=1), which was a compromise between low-temperature viscosity (which requires an acidic slag) and desulfurization (favored by a basic slag);
* plants for which sulfur-rich cast iron is not a problem adopt a more acidic agglomerate: with i= 0.9 to 1.0. This favors silicon reduction but can result in very high sulfur contents, from 0.1 to 0.25%;
* the production of ferromanganese in the blast furnace requires a high manganese yield and therefore high basicities, up to i = 1.7 or 1.8 (bearing in mind that in this particular case, the index corresponds to $\scriptstyle \ i={\frac {\[CaO\]+\[MgO\]+\[BaO\]}{\[SiO\_{2}\]}}$!). Meltability is a secondary consideration in this case, as slag temperatures can reach 1,650°C (instead of 1,450°C - 1,550°C in the production of cast irons for refining).
1. "Cockerill Ougrée". *tchorski*. Archived from the original on 2017-08-18.
2. Strassburger, Julius H. (1969). *Blast Furnace-theory and Practice*. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers. ISBN 978-0-677-10420-1.
3. *Mining and Scientific Press (Jan.-June 1921)*. California State Library. 1921.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
4. Hand (Circuit Judge), L. (1928). *DWIGHT & LLOYD SINTERING CO., Inc., versus GREENAWALT (AMERICAN ORE RECLAMATION CO., Intervener)*. Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
5. Geerdes, Maarten; Toxopeus, Hisko; Vliet, Cor van der; Chaigneau, Renard; Vander, Tim; Wise, Jennifer (2009). *Modern blast furnace ironmaking: an introduction* (2nd ed.). Amsterdam: IOS Press. ISBN 978-1-60750-040-7. OCLC 441170874.
6. *Metallurgie: Berichte, gehalten im Kontaktstudium 'Metallurgie d. Eisens'. 2: Eisenerzeugung*. Düsseldorf: Verl. Stahleisen. 1982. ISBN 978-3-514-00260-9.
* Ledebur, Adolf. *Manuel théorique et pratique de la métallurgie du fer, Tome I and Tome II*.
1. Ledebur (1895a, p. 252-253)
2. Ledebur (1895a, p. 254-271)
3. Ledebur (1895a, pp. 244–251)
4. Ledebur (1895a, p. 260-270)
5. Ledebur (1895a, p. 237)
6. Ledebur (1895a, p. 248)
7. Ledebur (1895a, pp. 231–233, 245–247)
1. § Saga of Lorraine's blast furnaces: their campaigns (Fontoy plant)
2. § Simplified (basicity) index
3. § Reduced index
4. § Basicity
## Bibliography
* Ledebur, Adolf (1895a). *Manuel théorique et pratique de la métallurgie du fer, Tome I*. Translated by de Langlade, Barbary. Librairie polytechnique Baudry et Cie éditeur.
* Ledebur, Adolf (1895b). *Manuel théorique et pratique de la métallurgie du fer, Tome II*. Translated by de Langlade, Barbary. Librairie polytechnique Baudry et Cie éditeur.
1. In French-speaking Belgium, this material has been called "fritte" - with two t's because it is sintered and not fried - since it was produced and consumed there.
2. Historically, the roasting of pyrites, residues from the manufacture of sulfuric acid, was only intended to remove sulfur and zinc. Pyrites contain 60 to 65% iron and less than 0.01% phosphorus, but up to 6% sulfur and 12% zinc. |
40,746 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_information_system | Automated information system | An automated information system (AIS) is an assembly of computer hardware, software, firmware, or any combination of these, configured to accomplish specific information-handling operations, such as communication, computation, dissemination, processing, and storage of information. Included are computers, word processing systems, networks, or other electronic information handling systems, and associated equipment. Management information systems are a common example of automated information systems. An example of this is an industrial robot. Also an Automated Information System (AIS) refers to any piece of equipment or interconnected system of equipment utilized in the automated collection, storage, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or receiving of data, and includes computer software, firmware, and hardware. Computers, word processing systems, networks, or other electronic information handling systems, as well as accompanying equipment, are included. | 2002-02-25T15:51:15 | # Automated information system
An **automated information system** (**AIS**) is an assembly of computer hardware, software, firmware, or any combination of these, configured to accomplish specific information-handling operations, such as communication, computation, dissemination, processing, and storage of information. Included are computers, word processing systems, networks, or other electronic information handling systems, and associated equipment. Management information systems are a common example of automated information systems.
An example of this is an industrial robot.
Also an Automated Information System (AIS) refers to any piece of equipment or interconnected system of equipment utilized in the automated collection, storage, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or receiving of data, and includes computer software, firmware, and hardware. Computers, word processing systems, networks, or other electronic information handling systems, as well as accompanying equipment, are included.
## Importance of AIS
The usage of an automated information system, also known as an automated information management system, may be extremely beneficial to both government agencies and commercial businesses. The practice of swiftly distributing information via an automated system can save several hours of tiresome labor, resulting in a cost savings for the organization in need of that information. This sort of technology may do everything from remind individuals when their bills are due to notifying them about a potentially dangerous scenario.
## Federal Standard 1037C |
76,713,187 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Scream_(Kis-My-Ft2_Album) | I Scream (Kis-My-Ft2 Album) | I Scream is the fifth studio album by Japanese boys band Kis-My-Ft2, released on June 22, 2016 by avex trax. It was released in three formats. For the first time, all seven members self-produced their own solo songs on the "Limited Edition 4cups Version". This is the first time that all seven members' solo songs are included on a CD. The solo songs by Kento Senga, Toshiya Miyata, Wataru Yokoo, Yuta Tamamori, and Takashi Nikaido were also produced with unique music videos. Hiromitsu Kitayama and Taisuke Fujigaya, "two of Kis-My-Ft2's original singers", produced the music video for their unit song "Fire!" from "Kis-My-Journey". The "Limited Edition 2cups Version" comes with a DVD containing the music video for the lead song "Yes! I Scream" The bonus DVD includes "Kis-My-TV - Kiss My Share House," in which the seven members spent the night together in a rented mansion in Okinawa and talked about their true feelings. The bonus track "WANTED" is included in the regular edition. In addition, a bonus CD containing "Kis-My-Ft2 NON-STOP MIX -Vol.1-," a collection of single hits and classic songs from the Jr. era that trace the group's history to date, is included. The song "Re:", which is included in all formats, is the first song in which all seven members took on the challenge of writing lyrics together. With this song, they held a dome tour "Kis-My-Ft2 Concert Tour 2016 I Scream" from July 1 to August 14. | 2024-04-23T11:56:38 | # I Scream (Kis-My-Ft2 Album)
***I Scream*** (Japanese: アイスクリーム, Hepburn: *Icecream*) is the fifth studio album by Japanese boys band Kis-My-Ft2, released on June 22, 2016 by avex trax.
It was released in three formats.
For the first time, all seven members self-produced their own solo songs on the "Limited Edition 4cups Version". This is the first time that all seven members' solo songs are included on a CD. The solo songs by Kento Senga, Toshiya Miyata, Wataru Yokoo, Yuta Tamamori, and Takashi Nikaido were also produced with unique music videos. Hiromitsu Kitayama and Taisuke Fujigaya, "two of Kis-My-Ft2's original singers", produced the music video for their unit song "Fire!" from "Kis-My-Journey".
The "Limited Edition 2cups Version" comes with a DVD containing the music video for the lead song "Yes! I Scream" The bonus DVD includes "Kis-My-TV - Kiss My Share House," in which the seven members spent the night together in a rented mansion in Okinawa and talked about their true feelings.
The bonus track "WANTED" is included in the regular edition. In addition, a bonus CD containing "Kis-My-Ft2 NON-STOP MIX -Vol.1-," a collection of single hits and classic songs from the Jr. era that trace the group's history to date, is included.
The song "Re:", which is included in all formats, is the first song in which all seven members took on the challenge of writing lyrics together.
With this song, they held a dome tour "Kis-My-Ft2 Concert Tour 2016 I Scream" from July 1 to August 14.
## Chart Results
It recorded first-week sales of 244,000 copies and reached No. 1 on the Oricon Album Ranking for the week of July 4, 2016. This was their sixth consecutive album to reach the top spot on the chart since their first album "Kis-My-1st".
It became the third group in history to surpass 200,000 first-week sales for six consecutive albums since their first album, following KinKi Kids (12 consecutive albums) and Utada Hikaru (7 consecutive albums).
By December 2016, it had sold a total of 281,433 copies and ranked 12th on the 2016 annual Oricon Album Ranking.
## Package specifications
It was released in three formats:
* Limited Edition 4cups Version (AVCD93450/B/C/D) 2CD&2DVD
* Limited Edition 2cups Version (AVCD93451/B) CD&DVD
* Normal Edition (AVCD93452/B) 2CD
## Track listing
### CD
* See that page for details of single and coupling tracks.
1. "5th" Overture \[1:55\] (inst.)
2. YES! I SCREAM \[4:34\] (inst.)
3. Summer Breeze \[4:16\]
4. Gravity \[4:16\].
5. PSYCHO \[3:59\].
6. & say \[3:25\] - Hiromitsu Kitayama, Taisuke Fujigaya
7. Flamingo \[3:27\].
8. Evening Sky \[4:46\].
9. You're still you at the end \[5:05\].
10. AAO \[4:14\].
11. Mega☆Love \[4:25\].
12. MU-CHU-DE Koishiteru \[4:35\].
13. NOVEL -Album ver.- \[4:54\].
14. Re: \[4:51\].
15. I Scream Night \[4:12\].
16. WANTED \[3:46\].
## InfoBox
| I Scream | |
| --- | --- |
| Studio album by Kis-My-Ft2 | |
| Released | June 22, 2016 |
| Genre | J-pop |
| Length | 66:40 |
| Label | Avex Trax |
| Kis-My-Ft2 chronology | |
| *Kis-My-World*<br>(2015) ***I Scream***<br>(2016) *Music Collossium*<br>(2017) | |
| | |
| Singles from *Kis-My-World* | |
| 1. "AAO"<br>Released: October 21, 2015 2. "Saigo mo Yappari Kimi"<br>Released: November 11, 2015 3. "Gravity"<br>Released: March 16, 2016 | |
| Music video | |
| Yes! I Scream on YouTube | |
| | | |
76,734,843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism_in_US_Higher_Education | Antisemitism in US Higher Education | Jews have faced antisemitism and discrimination in universities and campuses in the United States, from the founding of universities in the Thirteen Colonies until the present day in varying intensities. From the early 20th century, and until the 1960s, indirect quotas were placed on Jewish admissions, quotas were first placed on Jews by elite universities such Columbia, Harvard and Yale and were prevalent as late as the 1960s in universities such as Stanford. These quotas disappeared in the 1970s. In the early 21st century, there was a resurgence of antisemitism, especially after the BDS campaigns in the early 2000s and notably after the October 7, 2023 attacks on Israel when anti-Israel activists and protestors were reported to have engaged in physical and verbal violence toward Jewish students and staff in American universities. American university administrations were criticized for failing to protects Jewish students and the president of Harvard, Penn and MIT were criticized for failing to clearly define calls for genocide of Jews as violating their universities' code of conduct. Some called for the genocide or ethnic cleansing of Jews living in Israel. | 2024-04-25T10:52:40 | # Antisemitism in US Higher Education
Jews have faced antisemitism and discrimination in universities and campuses in the United States, from the founding of universities in the Thirteen Colonies until the present day in varying intensities. From the early 20th century, and until the 1960s, indirect quotas were placed on Jewish admissions, quotas were first placed on Jews by elite universities such Columbia, Harvard and Yale and were prevalent as late as the 1960s in universities such as Stanford. These quotas disappeared in the 1970s.
In the early 21st century, there was a resurgence of antisemitism, especially after the BDS campaigns in the early 2000s and notably after the October 7, 2023 attacks on Israel when anti-Israel activists and protestors were reported to have engaged in physical and verbal violence toward Jewish students and staff in American universities. American university administrations were criticized for failing to protects Jewish students and the president of Harvard, Penn and MIT were criticized for failing to clearly define calls for genocide of Jews as violating their universities' code of conduct. Some called for the genocide or ethnic cleansing of Jews living in Israel.
## 18th century and 19th century
Only one Jew, Judah Monis, received a college degree from an American university prior to 1800. Monis was given a job in Harvard to teach Hebrew on the condition he converted to Christianity. Despite having converted and married a Christian, he was not embraced by his Harvard colleagues.
Due to the low proportion of Jews in the overall American population (a quarter million out of 63 millon) according to Nathan Glazer "…before 1880 or 1890 there were too few American Jews for them to constitute a question".
## 20th century
In the beginning of the 20th century, US administrators in elite universities in the United States sought to solve what was called to as "the Jewish problem" referring to there being too many Jews in campuses. Administrators restricted Jewish enrollment and created the modern admissions process to restrict the number of admitted students of Jewish origin. According to the Washington Post, every major section in the application process, including geographic diversity, legacy preference, the interview and freshman class cap were part of an effort to address "the Jewish problem" and reduce the number of Jewish students. Columbia University in New York City, Harvard, Yale and Princeton were among the first universities to restrict Jewish enrollment, following elite universities, hundreds of other US colleges restricted Jewish admission until the 1960s.
According to Mark E. Oppenheimer, vice president of Open Learning at American Jewish university, universities were considering finishing schools for elite Protestant boys, Jewish students sought to use universities as an engine of social mobility and were less interested in the social activities of the university and instead preferred to invest in academic performance and studying, leading to a change in character of American universities which was perceived as a threat to the Protestant American elite.
Jerome Karabel, a sociologist of the University of California wrote in "The chosen: The hidden history of admission and exclusion at Harvard, Yale and Princeton" that Jews were seen as socialist proselytizers by nativists as well as a genetically inferior race by some Americans. Jews were considered unacceptable by some elite social circles according to Karabel.
Efforts to restrict Jewish enrollment started in New York City, a city whose population was 30% Jewish in the early 20th century. In Columbia university in 1920 had a 40% Jewish enrollment rate according to Oliver Pollak. Since most Jewish students at the time were poor, worked night jobs to pay their tuition and lived at home, Columbia required students to live in dormitories in campus as well as limited scholarships. Columbia also began to conduct interviews in admissions process and according to Oppenheimer, university representatives detected accents or telling signs of Jewish origin even if the name of the applicant was not clearly Jewish. According to Nadell, elite Protestants students began to abandon Columbia due to its changing culture, after the initiation of the program Columbia halved the number of Jewish students within two years. In Harvard Jews composed about 22% of the student population in 1922. Harvard began a geographic diversity program to enroll students from states with low numbers of Jews. Harvard president Abbott Lawrence Lowell, according to historians James Davidson and Deborah Coe, was "the most significant proponent of restricting Jewish admissions".
US admissions tests were designed to fit a White Protestant elite education with questions on Classical subjects as well as Greek and Latin which were not taught in schools in which the Jews and other immigrants learned. Yale, Dartmouth and other universities introduced legacy admissions that favored the Protestant elite.
According to sociologist, Stephen Steinberg, Jews were most commonly restricted through character and psychological exams. Jews were often given descriptors that were in contrast to the values which the universities sought and those Jews who managed to prove they exhibited such values were considered "pushy". School administrators who were mostly Protestant would characterize Jews with stereotypes and prevented their entry to universities.
Stanford University under President Marc Tessier-Lavigne admitted in 2022 of having limited the admission of Jewish students in the 1950s which he called "appalling antisemitic behavior". According to the Stanford committee, Stanford stopped or limited recruiting students from schools with high ratios of Jewish students. Between 1949 and 1952 following the introduction of the quota for example the number of students enrolled from Beverly Hills High School declined from 67 to 20 while Fairfax declined from 20 to 1. Stanford also misled investigations, parents and alumni who inquired for decades.
In the 1970s, quotas on Jews gradually disappeared and admission of students of Jewish origin rose in American higher education.
In the late 20th century, Holocaust deniers were given a platform to run disinformation campaigns in multiple student run newspapers as well as through visits to universities. According to the ADL, through principles of academic freedom and student activism extremists and antisemitic rhetoric were allowed a say in university campuses. According to ADL this forced universities to directly fight antisemitism and extremism.
## 21st century
In 2001 the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement began to pressure American universities to cut ties with Israeli academics and from Israel. Although such efforts mostly failed, the US Civil Rights commission issued a report in 2005 which states that "antisemitism persists on college campuses and is often cloaked as criticism of Israel". Jewish students were said to often feel isolated and targeted for harassment by BDS activists.
In 2022, the American Jewish Congress released a report stating that a third of Jewish students felt unsafe or uncomfortable in campus due to their Jewish identity.
In autumn 2023, prior to the October 7th attack a Palestinian literature festival was held in Penn campus, critics of the event pointed to controversial guests including Roger Waters who had called for the destruction of Israel as well as used antisemitic language.
### Following the October 7th attacks
Following the October 7th attack on Israel, Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP) celebrated the attack and said that all Israeli Jews were legitimate targets. The organization is supported and financially sponsored by the American Muslims for Palestine which according toe the Foundation for Defense of Democracies is linked to Hamas. A bipartisan group of lawmakers called for a federal investigation in funding of SJP. Columbia university and Rutgers university suspended the SJP chapter in their university in late 2023. In late November 2023, the center for Antisemitism research found that 73% of Jewish college students and 43.9% of non-Jewish students experienced or witnessed antisemitism in the 2023–2024 school year.
In the first 16 days after the October 7th massacres by Hamas against Israel there was an increase of 400% in antisemitic incidents, including assault, harassment and vandalism against Jews in the United States, the Washington Post said that some of the most visible instances of antisemitism occurred in US campuses.
In 2023, the American Jewish Congress released a report that found that 44% of Jewish students were affected by antisemitism on campus. 25% of Jewish students avoided wearing or displaying items that could identify them as Jewish. More than 50% of Jewish students were excluded or felt excluded from other students more than once.
Of the non-Jewish students targeted 46% said it was because they were assumed to be Jewish. According to the research centre only 38.6% of Jewish students reported feeling comfortable in universities compared to 63.7% prior to the October 7th attack on Israel. A majority of students, Jews and non-Jews reported feeling their campus administration did not do enough to fight anti Jewish prejudice. Only 45.5% of Jewish students said they felt physically safe and 32.5% emotionally safe in universities.
The center also found that only 18% of American students underwent any training related to anti Jewish prejudice compared to 55.8% having undergone DEI training.
In December 2023, President of Harvard, MIT and Penn testified before congress regarding the state of antisemitism in their universities and were asked if "calling for the genocide of Jews" is against the codes of conduct in Penn, MIT and Harvard. The three presidents answered that it was a violation depending on the context. The President of Harvard, Claudine Gay and president of Penn, Magill subsequently resigned following criticism. In December 2023, The United States Congress launched an investigation into antisemitism at the American universities.
In late 2023 the New York Times reported that some Jews in Harvard have stopped wearing openly Jewish headwear. In the New York Times article, Mark Oppenheimer noted in light of the history of antisemitic quotas against Jews in Harvard, "To see newly resurgent antisemitism against this backdrop of fairly recent, wonderful acceptance is a very, very painful thing for a lot of Jews,". Dr Gay after her resignation apologized for her testimony in congress as well as saying that chants heard in Harvard such as "globalize the intifada" and "from the river to the sea" are antisemitic and a call for violence against Jews. A Jewish student told the New York Times that some students may have different definitions for their chants and gave the benefit of the doubt while another student remarked that after October 7 there has been a major shift and felt the campus was an alien place, saying his classmates explicitly praised Hamas and denied the rape and abduction of Israeli women.
In late 2023 a protest that began in the outskirt of Penn campus resulted in the targeting of a Jewish owned restaurant in Philadelphia.
In 2024 American President Joe Biden and US vice president Harris condemned antisemitism in campuses.
In April 2024 Columbia university barred Israeli professor Shai Davidai a supporter of Jewish students rights on US campuses, from access to the main part of campus, Columbia university's COO said this was done to maintain community safety. Davidai wrote on X formerly known as Twitter "To the best of my knowledge, the last time that a professor was denied access to their own university for being Jewish was Nazi Germany". Students called for intifada, as well as calling for Hamas brigades to kill Israeli soldiers. Some protestors called to burn Tel Aviv, a major Israeli city known for its liberal culture, to the ground. Anti Israel activists also sang "Oh Hamas, our beloved, strike strike Tel Aviv". Students also chanted "Go Hamas, we love you. We support your rockets too". The Palestine Solidarity Working group said that militancy breeds resistance as well as praised Hamas' attack against Israel. The Jews of New York Instagram shared a video of a woman protestor with a sign reading "Al-Qassam's next targets" pointing toward a counter protest waving Israeli and American flags.
Anti Israel protestors also called for Jews on campus to "Go back to Europe, you have no culture. All you do is colonize". A counter protest was taunted with calls of "Jews" and "Go back to Poland". According to Jerusalem Post, a Jewish counter protestor tried to stop anti Israel activists from burning an Israeli flag while another Jew was splashed with water. The anti Israel protestors also proclaimed "From the water to the water (a reference to the Jordan river and the Mediterranean), Palestine is Arab" which is considered a call for the cleansing of the region from Jews and the denial of Jewish rights for self-sovereignty in their ancestral homeland.
Jewish students in Columbia reported feeling unsafe, being spit on and feeling relief at leaving the university. A student told Jerusalem Post that they felt their student representatives did not represent their grievances. A protestor yelled at Jewish students "The 7th of October is going to be every day for you!". Seth Mandel wrote in the "Commentary" that universities were teaching students that Jews must be supplanted from their homes because they represent a race that belongs elsewhere which according to Mandel is the reason why Jews were told to go back to Poland by students in Columbia. SJP had celebrated the October 7th attack and called for the targeting of Jewish Israelis and both SJP WOL which have both called for the destruction of Israel and the targeting of Jewish Israelis, helped organize the protests in Columbia.
The Anti-Defamation League graded 85 American universities in 2024 regarding policies to protect Jewish students from antisemitism on campus. 12 universities including Harvard, MIT, Stanford, University of Chicago, Princeton and others received an F. Two schools received an A. Columbia and Penn university received a D in the ADL ranking. Brandeis and Elon received an A in the ADL ranking.
## Citations
1. 10 Strauss, Valerie (13 November 2023). "A brief history of antisemitism in U.S. higher education". *Washington Post*.
2. "How Jewish Quotas Began". *Commentary Magazine*. 1971-09-01. Retrieved 2024-04-25.
3. Karabel, Jerome (2005). *The Chosen: The Hidden History of Admission and Exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton*. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-618-57458-2.
4. Pollak, Oliver B. (1983). "Antisemitism, the Harvard Plan, and the Roots of Reverse Discrimination". *Jewish Social Studies*. **45** (2): 113–122. ISSN 0021-6704.
5. Coe, Deborah L.; Davidson, James D. (2011). "The Origins of Legacy Admissions: A Sociological Explanation". *Review of Religious Research*. **52** (3): 233–247. ISSN 0034-673X.
6. Twitter (2022-10-13). "Stanford apologizes for anti-Jewish bias in admissions in 1950s". *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved 2024-04-25. `{{cite web}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
7. "Stanford apologizes for limiting admissions of Jewish students in 1950s". *Washington Post*. 2022.
8. "Schooled in Hate: Anti-Semitism on Campus". *www.adl.org*. Retrieved 2024-04-25.
9. https://www.usccr.gov/files/pubs/docs/081506campusantibrief07.pdf
10. https://www.timesofisrael.com/university-leaders-grilled-by-us-house-on-campus-antisemitism-amid-israel-hamas-war/
11. Dugan, Emily (2023-09-28). "Roger Waters accused of repeated antisemitism in new documentary". *The Guardian*. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-04-25.
12. Chait, Jonathan (2024-04-22). "Why Anti-Israel Protesters Won't Stop Harassing Jews". *Intelligencer*. Retrieved 2024-04-25.
13. Rod, Marc (2023-11-16). "Lawmakers move to cut federal funding to colleges over antisemitic activity, push for federal probes of SJP and AMP". *Jewish Insider*. Retrieved 2024-04-25.
14. "What is Students for Justice in Palestine, the Hamas-supporting Anti-Israel Group Being Banned on College Campuses? | AJC". *www.ajc.org*. 2024-02-23. Retrieved 2024-04-25.
15. "You are being redirected..." *www.adl.org*. Retrieved 2024-04-25.
16. "More than 4 in 10 Current and Recent College Students Affected by Antisemitism on Campus | AJC". *www.ajc.org*. 2024-02-29. Retrieved 2024-04-25.
17. Goldman, David (2024-04-11). "ADL gives Harvard and a dozen other universities failing grades on campus antisemitism | CNN Business". *CNN*. Retrieved 2024-04-25.
18. "US lawmakers launch probe into anti-Semitism at top universities". *Le Monde.fr*. 2023-12-08. Retrieved 2024-04-25.
19. Hartocollis, Anemona; Peters, Jeremy W.; Goldstein, Dana (2023-12-16). "Feeling Alone and Estranged, Many Jews at Harvard Wonder What's Next". *The New York Times*. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-04-25.
20. "Philadelphia Jewish restaurant faces 'genocide' chants by hundreds of anti-Israel protesters". *The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com*. 2023-12-04. Retrieved 2024-04-25.
21. Reporter, Aleks Phillips U. S. News (2023-12-04). "Philadelphia Jewish restaurant targeted with "genocide" chants". *Newsweek*. Retrieved 2024-04-25.
22. https://www.timesofisrael.com/lapid-says-us-must-act-against-campus-antisemitism-anti-israel-protest-seders-held/
23. "'I'm ready to leave this campus': Jewish students at Columbia react to tidal wave of antisemitism". *The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com*. 2024-04-20. Retrieved 2024-04-25.
24. "'Burn Tel Aviv to the ground:' Calls for violence continue at Columbia". *The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com*. 2024-04-21. Retrieved 2024-04-25.
25. "United States of Charlottesville". *Commentary Magazine*. 2024-04-22. Retrieved 2024-04-25.
26. "You are being redirected..." *www.adl.org*. Retrieved 2024-04-25. |
67,587,883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars:_The_Bad_Batch_episodes | List of Star Wars: The Bad Batch episodes | Star Wars: The Bad Batch is an American animated television series created by Dave Filoni for the streaming service Disney+. The first season premiered on May 4, 2021, and ran for 16 episodes until August 13. A 16-episode second season was released from January 4 to March 29, 2023, and a 15-episode third and final season is being released from February 21 to May 1, 2024. | 2021-05-05T19:07:04 | # List of Star Wars: The Bad Batch episodes
*Star Wars: The Bad Batch* is an American animated television series created by Dave Filoni for the streaming service Disney+.
The first season premiered on May 4, 2021, and ran for 16 episodes until August 13. A 16-episode second season was released from January 4 to March 29, 2023, and a 15-episode third and final season is being released from February 21 to May 1, 2024.
## Series overview
| Season | Episodes | | Originally released | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | First released | Last released |
| | 16 | | May 4, 2021 (2021-05-04) | August 13, 2021 (2021-08-13) |
| | 16 | | January 4, 2023 (2023-01-04) | March 29, 2023 (2023-03-29) |
| | 15 | | February 21, 2024 (2024-02-21) | May 1, 2024 (2024-05-01) |
## Episodes
### Season 1 (2021)
| No.<br>overall | No. in<br>season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | "Aftermath" | Steward Lee, Saul Ruiz & Nathaniel Villanueva | Jennifer Corbett & Dave Filoni | May 4, 2021 (2021-05-04) |
| Clone Force 99, also known as "The Bad Batch", includes defective clone troopers Hunter, Tech, Crosshair, and Wrecker plus cyborg clone Echo. During the Clone Wars, the Bad Batch assists Jedi Master Depa Billaba and her Padawan learner Caleb Dume on Kaller. Order 66 is issued, triggering programming in the regular clones that makes them kill Billaba. The Bad Batch receives the order too, but only Crosshair feels compelled to obey it and Hunter lets Dume escape. Returning to the clone facilities on Kamino, the Bad Batch learns that the war is over and an Empire has replaced the Galactic Republic. They meet a young girl, Omega, who is another defective clone. Admiral Tarkin arrives to evaluate the clones and sends the Bad Batch to eliminate insurgents on Onderon. When they discover that these "insurgents" are refugees under Saw Gerrera who refuse to submit to the new Empire, the Bad Batch abandons the mission and returns for Omega. They are arrested for treason and Tarkin enhances Crosshair's programming, turning him against his squad. The rest of the Bad Batch flee with Omega. | | | | | | |
| 2 | 2 | "Cut and Run" | Steward Lee | Gursimran Sandhu | May 7, 2021 (2021-05-07) |
| The Bad Batch and Omega seek refuge on Saleucami with clone deserter Cut Lawquane, who tells them about the inhibitor chips which programmed the regular clones and Crosshair to be loyal to the Empire after Order 66. With increased military presence from the Empire, Cut plans to escape with his family but they need newly introduced chain codes to book public transport. Cut would be arrested if he tried to obtain chain codes, so Tech and Echo steal some and Omega helps deliver them to Cut and his family in time for them to board the transport. Hunter wants Omega to go with Cut so she can have a family, but she decides to stay with the Bad Batch. | | | | | | |
| 3 | 3 | "Replacements" | Nathaniel Villanueva | Matt Michnovetz | May 14, 2021 (2021-05-14) |
| The Bad Batch's ship, the *Marauder*, is damaged on Saleucami. They are stranded on a moon and an Ordo Moon Dragon steals the part they need to repair the ship. Hunter and Omega set out to retrieve it. When Hunter is incapacitated, Omega continues alone and retrieves the part without a fight. On Kamino, Tarkin and Vice Admiral Rampart put Crosshair in command of a new unit of conscripted soldiers. They are sent to Onderon to wipe out Gerrera's camp, but Gerrera is already gone. Crosshair kills a disloyal recruit, but the rest comply and are otherwise successful. Tarkin sees potential for conscripted soldiers, concerning Kaminoan prime minister Lama Su. | | | | | | |
| 4 | 4 | "Cornered" | Saul Ruiz | Christian Taylor | May 21, 2021 (2021-05-21) |
| On their way to a proposed hiding-place on Idaflor, the Bad Batch is forced to stop on the nearest planet, Pantora, so they can gather supplies and Tech can modify their ship's signature since it now appears on the Empire's wanted list. A landing bay attendant on Pantora identifies the Bad Batch and informs Fennec Shand, a mercenary who has been hired to retrieve Omega. Hunter, Echo, and Omega search for supplies while Tech and Wrecker work on the ship. Omega is approached by Shand, which leads to Hunter chasing Shand through the city. Hunter and Omega lose Shand, and after the modifications are completed the Bad Batch departs from Pantora. | | | | | | |
| 5 | 5 | "Rampage" | Steward Lee | Tamara Becher-Wilkinson | May 28, 2021 (2021-05-28) |
| Hoping to discover who hired Shand, the Bad Batch goes to Ord Mantell where Echo knows of an informant named Cid. She offers to find out about Shand in exchange for their help: slavers have kidnapped a child named Muchi, and Cid will receive a reward from Jabba the Hutt if the Bad Batch helps her rescue the child. The Bad Batch finds and fights off the slavers, rescuing Muchi, who is a young rancor. Taking her to Cid, Muchi is then given to Jabba's right-hand man Bib Fortuna in exchange for the reward. Cid gives some of the reward to Hunter but is unable to learn who hired Shand. She offers to give the Bad Batch more mercenary work in the future. | | | | | | |
| 6 | 6 | "Decommissioned" | Nathaniel Villanueva | Amanda Rose Muñoz | June 4, 2021 (2021-06-04) |
| Cid hires the Bad Batch to retrieve a Separatist tactical droid with battle intel before it is destroyed at a Corellian decommissioning site. They run into smuggler sisters Trace and Rafa Martez, who are also after the droid. Wrecker's inhibitor chip begins to activate after he accidentally hits his head. Tech copies the tactical droid's data before it is destroyed when he and the sisters program it to turn on the police droids that are guarding the facility, allowing them to escape. The sisters explain that they were retrieving the droid for a client who is fighting the Empire, and Hunter decides to give them the data. Later, the sisters tell their client how to find the Bad Batch. | | | | | | |
| 7 | 7 | "Battle Scars" | Saul Ruiz | Jennifer Corbett | June 11, 2021 (2021-06-11) |
| After they fail to retrieve the tactical droid's data, Cid tells the Bad Batch that they will need to do a big job to pay off their debt to her. They are interrupted by the Martez sister's client, former clone captain Rex, who is alarmed to learn that the Bad Batch have yet to remove their inhibitor chips as he has. They go to Bracca, a starship graveyard planet controlled by the Scrapper Guild, and sneak onto an old Jedi cruiser to use its medical bay. Wrecker's chip forces him to attack his squadmates, but he is subdued and the chip is removed. Rex takes his leave once the extractions are completed; as they say goodbye, Hunter is seen by members of the Scrapper Guild. | | | | | | |
| 8 | 8 | "Reunion" | Steward Lee | Christian Taylor | June 18, 2021 (2021-06-18) |
| The Scrapper Guild informs the Empire of the Bad Batch's location, and Crosshair is sent to kill them. Concerned that Omega will not be returned safely, Lama Su hires a second bounty hunter to retrieve the girl. The Bad Batch attempt to reach the *Marauder* through the Jedi cruiser's ion engine. Crosshair pins them inside and has the engine turned on, but they use explosives salvaged from the cruiser's armory to escape and Crosshair is injured by the engine's ignition. Hunter and Omega are confronted by bounty hunter Cad Bane, who shoots Hunter and kidnaps Omega. The rest of the squad catch up, carry the injured Hunter to the *Marauder*, and escape. | | | | | | |
| 9 | 9 | "Bounty Lost" | Brad Rau & Nathaniel Villanueva | Matt Michnovetz | June 25, 2021 (2021-06-25) |
| While chasing after Bane, the Bad Batch learns from Tech that Omega is an unmodified clone of Jango Fett and so is the only available source of fresh cloning material for the Kaminoans. En route to an old Kaminoan cloning facility on Bora Vio for her delivery, Omega tricks Bane's droid aide Todo into releasing her and is able to signal the Bad Batch. Lama Su sends Taun We to retrieve Omega and orders Nala Se to eliminate the girl after extracting genetic samples from her. Nala Se cares for Omega and wants to keep her safe, so she sends Shand to rescue her. Shand kills Taun We and duels Bane, allowing Omega to escape and be retrieved by the Bad Batch. | | | | | | |
| 10 | 10 | "Common Ground" | Saul Ruiz | Gursimran Sandhu | July 2, 2021 (2021-07-02) |
| On Raxus, which was the seat of the Separatist government during the Clone Wars, the Empire institutes new curfew laws with the support of local senator Avi Singh. However, Singh speaks out against the Empire while addressing the public and is arrested. His protocol droid GS-8 hires Cid to help rescue Singh, and she sends the Bad Batch; they are reluctant to help after fighting against the Separatists in the Clone Wars. Omega is left behind due to the bounty hunters that are targeting her, and she wins Cid enough money playing dejarik to pay off the Bad Batch's debt. With the help of GS-8, the Bad Batch rescue Singh and take him to Cid for payment. | | | | | | |
| 11 | 11 | "Devil's Deal" | Steward Lee | Tamara Becher-Wilkinson | July 9, 2021 (2021-07-09) |
| When Senator Orn Free Taa announces a new Imperial refinery on Ryloth and encourages Twi'lek freedom fighters to disarm, resistance leader Cham Syndulla publicly supports the Empire. His lieutenant Gobi Glie takes Cham's daughter Hera on a secret mission to retrieve weapons from the Bad Batch, during which Hera befriends Omega. Crosshair tracks them, and the Empire arrests Glie and Hera for treason. Cham attacks the Imperial convoy to rescue them with his wife Eleni and other freedom fighters. Crosshair shoots Orn Free Taa, allowing Rampart to frame Cham for Taa's attempted assassination. Cham, Eleni, and Glie are arrested but Hera escapes. | | | | | | |
| 12 | 12 | "Rescue on Ryloth" | Nathaniel Villanueva | Jennifer Corbett | July 16, 2021 (2021-07-16) |
| Hera contacts Omega and asks the Bad Batch to help rescue her parents. Hunter does not think this is worth the risk, but Omega convinces him. Hera, Omega, Tech, and Wrecker attack the new Imperial refinery on Ryloth as a distraction while Echo and Hunter free Cham, Eleni, and the other freedom fighters. Crosshair discovers this and sets a trap for them, but clone Captain Howzer—who is loyal to Cham—warns the escapees of the trap and then confronts his fellow soldiers. Howzer is arrested while the Bad Batch and freedom fighters escape. Rampart realizes that he has underestimated the Bad Batch and gives Crosshair permission to hunt them down. | | | | | | |
| 13 | 13 | "Infested" | Saul Ruiz | Amanda Rose Muñoz | July 23, 2021 (2021-07-23) |
| The Bad Batch return from a mission to find Cid's parlor under the ownership of crime boss Roland Durand. They find Cid outside, and she reveals a plan to take back the parlor by stealing a shipment of spice from Roland that is intended for the Pyke Syndicate. The Bad Batch and Cid enter her office via underground tunnels infested with a hive of Irlings. They retrieve the spice, but are chased by Roland's guards who awaken the hive. The group escape from the tunnels but lose the spice to the hive. They are caught by the Pykes, who take Omega hostage while the Bad Batch and Cid retrieve the spice from the hive. The Pykes then let Cid reclaim her parlor. | | | | | | |
| 14 | 14 | "War-Mantle" | Steward Lee | Damani Johnson | July 30, 2021 (2021-07-30) |
| Rex contacts the Bad Batch and asks them to respond to a distress signal from clone commando Gregor on the planet Daro. At the source of the signal, they find an Imperial base where conscripted soldiers are being trained by clone commandos to replace the clone trooper army. Hunter, Tech, and Echo infiltrate the base while Omega and Wrecker stay in the ship as backup. The Bad Batch rescue Gregor, but Hunter is captured during the escape. On Kamino, Lama Su and Nala Se plan to escape after the Empire cancels their clone army contracts, but they are caught by Rampart. He says the Empire has a use for Nala Se as a scientist, but not for Lama Su. | | | | | | |
| 15 | 15 | "Return to Kamino" | Nathaniel Villanueva | Matt Michnovetz | August 6, 2021 (2021-08-06) |
| Hunter is taken to Tipoca City on Kamino, where the Empire has evacuated critical personnel and eliminated the rest. Crosshair activates Hunter's communicator to lure the rest of the Bad Batch there. Omega shows the others a hidden entrance into Nala Se's secret laboratory, where they were all created and where they find the friendly droid AZI-3. They find Hunter, who tries to convince Crosshair to have his inhibitor chip removed, but Crosshair reveals that it has already been removed and he is willingly working for the Empire. Hunter stuns Crosshair as Rampart, under the orders of Tarkin, begins destroying Tipoca City with the Bad Batch and Crosshair still inside. | | | | | | |
| 16 | 16 | "Kamino Lost" | Saul Ruiz | Jennifer Corbett | August 13, 2021 (2021-08-13) |
| Rampart and the Empire depart as the wreckage of Tipoca City sinks into the ocean. Omega and AZI-3 save Crosshair when they are trapped in a flooding room. Once the wreckage of the city settles on the ocean floor, the group make their way to an access tube that leads to the *Marauder*, but find it damaged. Crosshair suggests AZI-3 guide them to the surface inside lab capsules, but the droid runs out of power on their way up. Omega tries to save him at the risk of drowning, until Crosshair saves them both. When they reach the *Marauder*, Crosshair chooses to part ways with the Bad Batch. Nala Se is brought to a secret Imperial facility at Mount Tantiss. | | | | | | |
### Season 2 (2023)
| No.<br>overall | No. in<br>season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17 | 1 | "Spoils of War" | Steward Lee | Jennifer Corbett | January 4, 2023 (2023-01-04) |
| After a tip-off by her pirate friend Phee Genoa, Cid sends the Bad Batch to Serenno to steal part of Count Dooku's war chest. After some reluctance, Hunter agrees and the squad goes to the planet where they find the Empire already transporting the Count's wealth offworld. While trying to steal some of the cargo, the Bad Batch are seen and a fight ensues during which Omega, Tech, and Echo are trapped inside a cargo ship preparing for lift-off. They fight their way to one of the cargo containers on the ship and escape inside it, attempting to use its own thrusters to make a safe landing. Meanwhile, Hunter and Wrecker are pursued through the ruins of a nearby city. | | | | | | |
| 18 | 2 | "Ruins of War" | Nathaniel Villanueva | Gina Lucita Monreal | January 4, 2023 (2023-01-04) |
| The cargo container crashes on Serenno. While making their way back to the *Marauder*, Omega, Tech, and Echo meet local man Romar Adell who is hiding in the woods. Talking to him, they get a first impression of what a free life might be like. Omega sneaks away to try recover some of the cargo from the container; Echo and Tech go after her, resulting in a clash with Imperial search parties. Romar helps them escape. Hunter and Wrecker fight their way out of the city and reunite with the others. Learning that the Bad Batch survived the destruction of Tipoca City, Rampart fears punishment for his failure to eliminate them and decides not to inform Tarkin of this. | | | | | | |
| 19 | 3 | "The Solitary Clone" | Saul Ruiz | Amanda Rose Muñoz | January 11, 2023 (2023-01-11) |
| Crosshair is assigned to clone commander Cody on a mission to the former Separatist planet Desix to rescue new Imperial governor Grotton, who has been taken hostage by a local resistance movement. Desix's former governor, Tawni Ames, demands that the planet remain out of Imperial jurisdiction and cites the Republic's refusal to broker peace with the Separatists during the Clone Wars. Cody argues for a peaceful resolution, but Crosshair kills Ames on Grotton's orders. Desix is brought under Imperial control. Returning to the Imperial capital Coruscant, Cody questions whether the Empire is doing good while Crosshair remains loyal. Cody deserts soon after. | | | | | | |
| 20 | 4 | "Faster" | Steward Lee | Matt Michnovetz | January 18, 2023 (2023-01-18) |
| While Hunter and Echo are away on an assignment, Cid takes Omega, Tech, and Wrecker to a race on Safa Toma. Cid is challenged by Millegi, one of her business rivals, and his racer Jet Venim. During the next round, Millegi orders Venim to cheat and this causes Cid's cocky droid racer TAY-0 to lose. When Millegi comes to collect, Omega challenges him to another race for Cid's freedom. Just before the next event, TAY-0 is wrecked in an accident. Tech takes TAY-0's place as Cid's pilot and uses his calculative intellect to offset his lack of experience, winning the race. Millegi honors his end of the deal, but warns the clones that Cid might turn against them one day. | | | | | | |
| 21 | 5 | "Entombed" | Nathaniel Villanueva | Christopher Yost | January 25, 2023 (2023-01-25) |
| While searching a junkyard for useful salvage, Omega and Wrecker find an ancient compass with a set of coordinates for the uncharted Kaldar Trinary system. Believing this compass will lead them to hidden treasure, Phee and Omega persuade the Bad Batch to set out for the system. The compass leads them to the planet Skara Nal, the resting place of a legendary crystal known as the "Heart of the Mountain". They find the crystal and Phee takes it, activating a giant, ancient mech which begins destroying their surroundings. Fearing that the *Marauder* will be destroyed and leave them stranded, the others convince Phee to return the crystal. This destroys the mech. | | | | | | |
| 22 | 6 | "Tribe" | Steward Lee | Matt Michnovetz | February 1, 2023 (2023-02-01) |
| The Bad Batch goes to the criminal cartel Vanguard Axis to sell chain codes that Tech has forged. While there, Omega helps Gungi, a captive Wookiee Jedi youngling, escape from the cartel. Taking Gungi back to his homeworld Kashyyyk, the Bad Batch finds the planet being ravaged by a group of Trandoshan mercenaries who work for the Empire. After winning the trust of a local Wookiee tribe, the Bad Batch learn about the respect that the Wookiees have for the giant wroshyr trees. They join the Wookiees and the indigenous wildlife to inact a plan that the Wookiees say came from the trees. Together they defeat the Imperial forces and Gungi is reunited with his people. | | | | | | |
| 23 | 7 | "The Clone Conspiracy" | Nathaniel Villanueva | Ezra Nachman | February 8, 2023 (2023-02-08) |
| Rampart asks the Imperial Senate to authorize the replacement of the clone army with conscripted Stormtroopers. He has covered up the intentional destruction of Tipoca City, blaming it on a storm. Senator Riyo Chuchi argues for the clones' rights and is approached by clone trooper Slip, whose friend was killed after questioning Rampart's storm story. Rampart sends an assassin to kill them before they reveal the truth. As Chuchi asks Slip to testify infront of the Senate, the assassin kills Slip and attacks Chuchi. She is rescued by Rex, who Slip had asked for help. Rex captures the assassin, who is a clone, but the assassin kills himself before he can be questioned. | | | | | | |
| 24 | 8 | "Truth and Consequences" | Steward Lee | Damani Johnson | February 8, 2023 (2023-02-08) |
| Rex asks the Bad Batch for help and they travel to Coruscant. Omega accompanies Chuchi to ask for support from other senators while Rex and the Bad Batch sneak aboard Rampart's Star Destroyer, which is undergoing maintenance, to retrieve proof of the Tipoca City cover-up. In the Senate, Chuchi exposes Rampart's lie and he is arrested. However, Emperor Palpatine argues that Rampart's attack was carried out by clones and so this revelation supports the need for a new, conscripted army; the Senate approves the bill. Before the Bad Batch leaves Coruscant, Echo decides to stay with Rex to help him fight for a better future for the clones. | | | | | | |
| 25 | 9 | "The Crossing" | Nathaniel Villanueva | Brooke Roberts | February 15, 2023 (2023-02-15) |
| Cid sends the Bad Batch to extract some ipsium mineral from a mine she recently purchased, but while they are in the mine the *Marauder* is stolen and they are stranded. Forced to trek towards a nearby spaceport, the Bad Batch are buried inside another mine when their ipsium is detonated by a lightning storm. Inside the new mine, Omega discovers an ipsium vein and tries to harvest it with Tech. They are separated from the others and have a talk about adapting to changes in life, such as Echo's departure, before they find another way out. They find the spaceport abandoned but manage to contact Cid, who grudgingly agrees to pick them up in a few days. | | | | | | |
| 26 | 10 | "Retrieval" | Steward Lee | Moisés Zamora | February 22, 2023 (2023-02-22) |
| The *Marauder* is taken by its thief, a young boy named Benni Baro, to gang boss Mokko at a nearby ipsium mining facility. Mokko prepares to strip the ship for parts to sell. At the spaceport, Omega devises a way to track the *Marauder* and the Bad Batch find the facility. Infiltrating it, they find Benni and force him to take them to the ship. Benni, hoping to gain Mokko's favor, betrays the Bad Batch's presence. Just before they are captured, Omega discovers that Mokko has been exploiting his workers for his own profit. With this revelation, Benni turns his comrades against Mokko, who falls to his death. The Bad Batch fix the *Marauder* and leave the planet. | | | | | | |
| 27 | 11 | "Metamorphosis" | Saul Ruiz | Sabir Pirzada | March 1, 2023 (2023-03-01) |
| Dr. Royce Hemlock assumes control of the Imperial cloning facility at Mount Tantiss, where Nala Se refuses to help with the Emperor's cloning projects. A covert transport bound for the facility is stranded and Cid assigns the Bad Batch to recover its cargo. While exploring the wreck, they discover that the cargo is an immature Zillo Beast that was created by the Empire through cloning. An Imperial strike force is sent to recover the beast and capture any witnesses, forcing the Bad Batch to retreat. In return for his freedom, Lama Su is brought to the Tantiss facility to persuade Nala Se to cooperate with Hemlock. Lama Su tells Hemlock that Nala Se cares for Omega. | | | | | | |
| 28 | 12 | "The Outpost" | Nathaniel Villanueva & Brad Rau | Jennifer Corbett | March 8, 2023 (2023-03-08) |
| Crosshair is assigned to Lieutenant Nolan, who dislikes clones. At a remote Imperial outpost on Barton IV, two crates of classified cargo are stolen. Nolan orders Crosshair and clone commander Mayday to recover the cargo. The pair eliminate the thieves and find the cargo, which is Stormtrooper armor. An avalanche injures Mayday and buries the cargo. At the outpost, Nolan chastises them for their failure and refuses to provide a medic for Mayday, who succumbs to his injuries. Fed up with Nolan's arrogance and disrespect of clones, Crosshair kills him. After losing consciousness, Crosshair wakes up as a prisoner in the Tantiss facility and meets Dr. Emerie Karr. | | | | | | |
| 29 | 13 | "Pabu" | Steward Lee | Amanda Rose Muñoz | March 15, 2023 (2023-03-15) |
| After Cid did not come to rescue them from the mining planet, the Bad Batch and Omega informally cut ties with her. They help Phee recover a lost artifact, and she convinces them to accompany her to the peaceful island of Pabu which she thinks could be a safe place for them to live away from the Empire. They are hosted by Mayor Shep Hazard and his daughter Lyana, who befriends Omega. When a tsunami threatens the lower levels of the city, Hunter rescues Omega and Lyana from a boat while Tech and Wrecker help Shep and Phee evacuate the population of the lower levels. After the tsunami, the Bad Batch agree to stay on Pabu and help rebuild. | | | | | | |
| 30 | 14 | "Tipping Point" | Saul Ruiz | Jennifer Corbett & Matt Michnovetz | March 22, 2023 (2023-03-22) |
| Howzer and other clones imprisoned for disobedience against the Empire are rescued en route to Tantiss by Echo, Gregor, and other rogue clones. At Tantiss, Hemlock interrogates Crosshair about the whereabouts of Omega and the Bad Batch. Crosshair is left unattended for a moment and escapes long enough to send a message to the Bad Batch, warning them that the Empire is looking for Omega, before being subjected to intense torture. Echo joins the Bad Batch on Pabu with data he retrieved during the rescue. After receiving Crosshair's message and analyzing Echo's data, the Bad Batch learns about the Empire's secret Advanced Science Division (ASD). | | | | | | |
| 31 | 15 | "The Summit" | Nathaniel Villanueva | Matt Michnovetz | March 29, 2023 (2023-03-29) |
| The Bad Batch trail Hemlock to a summit hosted by Tarkin on Eriadu. The summit concerns top-secret Imperial programs, including the ASD's research on cloning technology. As they sneak into the base where the summit is held, the Bad Batch discovers that Saw Gerrera has also infiltrated the compound to assassinate the assembled top-level Imperial officers. They ask Gerrera not to complete his mission so they can follow Hemlock back to the ASD's secret facility, but Gerrera sets off explosives when the intruders are discovered. The Bad Batch attempt to escape using the base's railcar system, but this is disrupted by the explosions and they are stranded. | | | | | | |
| 32 | 16 | "Plan 99" | Steward Lee | Jennifer Corbett | March 29, 2023 (2023-03-29) |
| With their railcar stuck and under attack from Imperial forces, Tech sacrifices his life to boost the others away from the Empire. They retreat to Cid's parlor on Ord Mantell to treat their injuries and come to terms with their loss. They soon realize that Cid has betrayed them to Hemlock, who arrives and captures Hunter and Wrecker. This forces Omega to come into the open. Echo and AZI-3 rescue Hunter and Wrecker, but Omega is captured and taken to Tantiss. Hemlock uses Omega's presence to encourage Nala Se to work on their projects. Omega encounters Crosshair and Emerie Karr; the latter reveals herself to also be a clone, making her Omega's genetic sister. | | | | | | |
### Season 3 (2024)
| No.<br>overall | No. in<br>season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 33 | 1 | "Confined" | Saul Ruiz | Jennifer Corbett | February 21, 2024 (2024-02-21) |
| At the Tantiss facility, Omega is forced to work with Nala Se and Emerie on the cloning program. She takes daily blood samples from clones, including herself; Nala Se secretly discards the samples of Omega's blood before they can be used. Omega also feeds the facility's lurca hounds and befriends one of them, which she names Batcher. Omega evades the guards to speak with Crosshair, who attempts to discourage her from planning an escape. When the Imperials decide to euthanize Batcher for becoming too domesticated, Omega frees her to the jungle outside the facility. Hemlock warns Omega that further defiance will result in consequences for Crosshair. | | | | | | |
| 34 | 2 | "Paths Unknown" | Nate Villanueva | Matt Michnovetz | February 21, 2024 (2024-02-21) |
| Hunter and Wrecker gain intel on Hemlock's base from the Durand crime family, but it leads them to an old abandoned facility. They run into former clone cadets Mox, Zeke, and Stak who were left behind when the Empire destroyed and abandoned the facility. The area is now covered in slither vines, an Imperial experiment gone awry. Zeke helps Hunter and Wrecker avoid the vines and enter the facility to access any data it has on Hemlock's operation. The trio are attacked by the slither vines, which are revealed to be the tentacles of a huge monster. Mox and Stak use the *Marauder* to rescue the others, and Hunter promises to take the cadets to Pabu. | | | | | | |
| 35 | 3 | "Shadows of Tantiss" | Steward Lee | Matt Michnovetz | February 21, 2024 (2024-02-21) |
| Emperor Palpatine travels to Tantiss for an update on "Project Necromancer", which he believes is vital for the future of the Empire. It has so far failed to reproduce a subject's "M-count" in a clone. When Emerie begins testing a sample of Omega's blood, Nala Se urges Omega to escape. Omega frees Crosshair and they go into the jungle, searching for a recently crashed shuttle. Emerie alerts security and a search team are sent. Crosshair and Omega, joined by Batcher, steal the search team's shuttle. They are pursued by fighters, but Hemlock calls them off when Emerie realizes that they need Omega alive because her blood can be used to replicate an M-count. | | | | | | |
| 36 | 4 | "A Different Approach" | Saul Ruiz | Ezra Nachman | February 28, 2024 (2024-02-28) |
| With their shuttle damaged, Omega and Crosshair crashland on the planet Lau. At a nearby spaceport, Crosshair wants to use force to hijack a ship but Omega insists on acquiring the money they need to bribe a clerk. While Omega uses her gambling skills to get the money, Batcher is taken by Imperial troops. Omega goes after her and Crosshair reluctantly follows. When they are cornered by Imperials, Omega agrees to let Crosshair use his skills to resolve the situation his way; they defeat the troops, free Batcher, and escape in a stolen freighter. The pair rendezvous with Hunter and Wrecker, who are overjoyed to see Omega but less happy to see Crosshair. | | | | | | |
| 37 | 5 | "The Return" | Nate Villanueva | Amanda Rose Muñoz | March 6, 2024 (2024-03-06) |
| Echo returns to Pabu, and the Bad Batch discuss the experiments being conducted at Tantiss. Omega has a datapad from the facility that could give them some answers, and Crosshair suggests they access it with an Imperial computer terminal at the outpost on Barton IV. Finding the base abandoned, they divert power from its defense perimeter so they can connect to the datapad. This allows a large creature to attack the base. Crosshair and Hunter distract the creature while the others turn the defense perimeter back on. The Bad Batch leave the planet with information recovered from the datapad and Crosshair having earned the trust of his squadmates again. | | | | | | |
| 38 | 6 | "Infiltration" | Steward Lee | Brad Rau | March 13, 2024 (2024-03-13) |
| Guarded by Rex and his fellow rogue clones, former senator Singh meets with Senator Chuchi to discuss their efforts to oppose the Empire. They are attacked by a clone assassin, CX-1, who Rex captures. CX-1 carries a target register that includes Omega, so Rex summons the Bad Batch to his base on Teth. Omega and Crosshair reveal what they know about the ASD's experiments and the "Clone X" assassin program, which strips clones of their identities to make them perfect assassins. Another assassin, CX-2, is sent to kill the captured CX-1, which he does. CX-2 then sees Omega and calls for reinforcements, who are led by clone commander Wolffe. | | | | | | |
| 39 | 7 | "Extraction" | Saul Ruiz | Jennifer Corbett & Matt Michnovetz | March 13, 2024 (2024-03-13) |
| The Bad Batch, Rex, and a few surviving rogue clones attempt to escape the base, pursued by Wolffe's men and CX-2. CX-2 shoots down the fugitive's escape shuttle, frustrating Wolffe because Omega is needed alive. The fugitives begin a rough trek to an extraction point where they plan to meet Echo and Gregor. CX-2 pursues them and fights Crosshair before falling over a waterfall, from which he later emerges alive. At the extraction point, Wolffe is surprised to see his old friend Rex is alive. Rex tells Wolffe what the Empire is doing to clones, and Wolffe lets them get away. Rex tells Hunter that they need to find out why Omega is so important to the Empire. | | | | | | |
| 40 | 8 | "Bad Territory" | Nate Villanueva | Matt Michnovetz | March 20, 2024 (2024-03-20) |
| The Bad Batch ask Phee to investigate the Empire's M-count experiments, and she reports that bounty hunters have been hired to search for subjects with high M-counts. Believing Shand may know more about this, Hunter and Wrecker seek her out. Omega and Crosshair stay on Pabu and Omega tries to help Crosshair overcome a mental block that is affecting his sniper skills. Shand offers to provide Hunter and Wrecker with information if they help her capture her current target, Sylar Saris. After they have captured Saris, Shand says she will be in touch with the information. She then secretly informs another party about the Bad Batch and their questions. | | | | | | |
| 41 | 9 | "The Harbinger" | Steward Lee | Jennifer Corbett | March 27, 2024 (2024-03-27) |
| Shand's contact, Asajj Ventress, comes to Pabu. She tells the Bad Batch that the M-count signifies a person's innate connection to the Force and starts testing Omega's ability using Jedi techniques. The Bad Batch are concered when they realize Ventress was a Separatist assassin during the Clone Wars, but Omega trusts her. During their final test at sea, Ventress inadvertently summons a sea monster which attacks them. She pacifies the creature and rescues Omega, gaining the Bad Batch's trust. Ventress tells Omega that her M-count is low, but later indicates to the others that she was lying about this. She also warns them that they may not be safe on Pabu. | | | | | | |
| 42 | 10 | "Identity Crisis" | Saul Ruiz | Amanda Rose Muñoz | April 3, 2024 (2024-04-03) |
| Hemlock inprisons Nala Se, believing she helped Omega and Crosshair escape, and reluctantly promotes Emerie to be the new lead scientist of Project Necromancer. Emerie slowly becomes disillusioned with the Empire as she learns that the subjects being tested on are children with high M-counts and witnesses the cold and restrictive manner in which they are being treated. She also sees Bane deliver a new child subject who is even younger than the others. Tarkin threatens to take away Hemlock's funding if the ASD does not produce the desired results. CX-2 reports to Hemlock that he is close to finding Omega after learning about her connection to Phee by torturing Cid. | | | | | | |
| 43 | 11 | "Point of No Return" | Nate Villanueva | Amanda Rose Muñoz | April 3, 2024 (2024-04-03) |
| CX-2 sneaks aboard Phee's ship and retrieves Pabu's location from its navigation computer. Concerned about the risk of staying on Pabu, the Bad Batch are preparing to leave the planet when CX-2 arrives and confirms their presence. He destroys the *Marauder*, seriously injures Wrecker, and calls for reinforcements. With their means of escape cut off, the rest of the Bad Batch evade their pursuers while Hunter tries to steal an Imperial gunship. He is shot down by CX-2 and Omega decides to surrender herself, to spare the people of Pabu and hoping the Bad Batch can follow her to Tantiss. However, Crosshair's attempt to plant a tracker fails as CX-2 leaves with Omega. | | | | | | |
| 44 | 12 | "Juggernaut" | Steward Lee | Ezra Nachman | April 10, 2024 (2024-04-10) |
| CX-2 returns Omega to Tantiss, where Emerie tests her blood and confirms that it is what they need. Hemlock takes Omega to be held with the other young Project Necromancer test subjects. Once the Imperial forces leave Pabu, Crosshair suggests to Hunter and Wrecker that they get the location for Tantiss from Rampart, who is imprisoned in an Imperial labor camp on Erebus. With Phee's help they infiltrate Erebus, hijack a prison transfer vehicle, and escape with Rampart. On Phee's ship, Rampart explains that no one knows Tantiss's coordinates but he is willing to help them find the facility in exchange for not being returned to the labor camp. | | | | | | |
| 45 | 13 | "Into the Breach" | Saul Ruiz | Brad Rau | April 17, 2024 (2024-04-17) |
| Omega is introduced to her fellow Project Necromancer test subjects: Eva, Jax, Sami, and Bayrn. She tells them that she has escaped from Tantiss before and plans to do so again using a passage behind their cell walls. The Bad Batch and Rampart rendezvous with Echo and a stolen Imperial shuttle, which they use to infiltrate an Imperial relay station at Coruscant to find the coordinates for Tantiss. Unable to extract the information from the station's databanks, Echo decides to sneak aboard a science shuttle bound for Tantiss and disable its proximity sensors. This allows the others to dock on the vessel in their stolen shuttle just as it enters hyperspace. | | | | | | |
| 46 | 14 | "Flash Strike" | Nate Villanueva | Brad Rau | April 24, 2024 (2024-04-24) |
| Hemlock is alerted that the Bad Batch infiltrated the relay station and sends fighters to intercept the incoming vessel. Hunter, Wrecker, Crosshair, and Rampart are forced to crash near Tantiss base and continue on foot, hunted by Stormtrooper patrols. With the base on high alert, Omega takes advantage of the distraction to scout her planned escape route and finds the Zillo Beast in an underground enclosure. In the jungle, Rampart accidentally awakens a large creature that attacks them. He is separated from the others and gets captured. Echo infiltrates the base and encounters Emerie, who tells him about the other children being held with Omega. | | | | | | |
| 47 | 15 | "The Cavalry Has Arrived" | TBA | TBA | May 1, 2024 (2024-05-01) | |
39,048,796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athlon_Sports | Athlon Sports | 2013-04-08T09:22:41 | # Athlon Sports
## Athlon Sports
Athlon is best known for publishing preseason single-title sports annuals on professional and college sports. The annuals are sold at newsstands in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, and Europe. It is the U.S.'s largest publisher of sports annuals, ranking Number 1 in retail sales dollars and magazines sold.
Athlon's 15 sports magazines include Athlon Sports monthly, Pro Football, Fantasy Football, National College Football, Southeastern Football, Atlantic Coast Football, Big Ten Football, Big 12 Football, Big East Football, Pac-10 Football, Baseball, College Basketball, Pro Basketball, Racing and Golf. Athlon's digital properties include AthlonSports.com, which has daily coverage of the sports it covers.
On October 1, 2022, it was announced that Athlon Sports would be discontinuing its special magazines due to its merger with Sports Illustrated. The new special magazines will be released under the Sports Illustrated manner.<sup>\[*citation needed*\]</sup> The merger was undone in 2024 with *Sports Illustrated* owner Authentic Brands Group revoking The Arena Group's license to use the *Sports Illustrated* brand and transferring it to Minute Media; The Arena Group's sports content, which was being published under the *SI* banner at the time, moved to a revived Athlon Sports website. |
|
40,360,169 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Closer_to_Truth_episodes | List of Closer to Truth episodes | Closer To Truth is a continuing television series on PBS and public television originally created, produced and hosted by Robert Lawrence Kuhn. The first premiere series aired in 2000 for 2 seasons, followed by a second series aired in 2003 for a single season. The third series of the program, Closer To Truth: Cosmos. Consciousness. Meaning. launched in 2008, with 22 full seasons to date. Kuhn is the creator, executive producer, writer and presenter of the series. Peter Getzels is the co-creator and producer / director. The show is centered on on-camera conversations with leading scientists, philosophers, theologians, and scholars, covering a diverse range of topics or questions from the size and nature of the universe, to the existence and essence of God, to the mystery of consciousness and the notion of free will. | 2013-08-26T08:29:18 | # List of Closer to Truth episodes
***Closer To Truth*** is a continuing television series on PBS and public television originally created, produced and hosted by Robert Lawrence Kuhn. The first premiere series aired in 2000 for 2 seasons, followed by a second series aired in 2003 for a single season.
The third series of the program, ***Closer To Truth: Cosmos. Consciousness. Meaning.*** launched in 2008, with 22 full seasons to date. Kuhn is the creator, executive producer, writer and presenter of the series. Peter Getzels is the co-creator and producer / director.
The show is centered on on-camera conversations with leading scientists, philosophers, theologians, and scholars, covering a diverse range of topics or questions from the size and nature of the universe (or multiverse), to the existence and essence of God, to the mystery of consciousness and the notion of free will.
## Episodes
### Season 22 (2023)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 271 | 1 | "Why is Mathematics True & Beautiful?" | Robbert Dijkgraaf, Edward Witten, Max Tegmark, Sabine Hossenfelder, Jim Holt |
| 272 | 2 | "Is Mathematical Truth & Beauty Intrinsic or Imposed?" | Paul Davies, Gregory Chaitin, David Chalmers, Michio Kaku, Licia Verde, David Wallace, Leonard Mlodinow |
| 273 | 3 | "Why the 'Unreasonable Effectiveness' of Mathematics?" | Robbert Dijkgraaf, Edward Witten, Sabine Hossenfelder, Leonard Mlodinow, Max Tegmark |
| 274 | 4 | "What does the 'Unreasonable Effectiveness' of Mathematics Mean?" | Michio Kaku, David Wallace, Michael Hopkins, Stuart Kauffman, Jim Holt, Paul Davies |
| 275 | 5 | "What are Breakthroughs in Mathematics?" | Karen Uhlenbeck, Edward Witten, Michael Hopkins, Ivan Corwin, Gregory Chaitin, Paul Davies |
| 276 | 6 | "What's the Deep Meaning of Probability?" | Ivan Corwin, Licia Verde, Sabine Hossenfelder, David Wallace, Aaron Clauset |
| 277 | 7 | "Why do Power Laws Work so Widely?" | Geoffrey West, Stuart Kauffman, Aaron Clauset |
| 278 | 8 | "Can Mathematics Explain Biology?" | Leon Glass, Martin Nowak, Geoffrey West, Paul Davies, Robbert Dijkgraaf |
| 279 | 9 | "Can Mathematics Elucidate Evolution?" | Paul Davies, Aaron Clauset, Martin Nowak, Stuart Kauffman |
| 280 | 10 | "Roger Penrose: Math, Black Holes, Consciousness" | Roger Penrose, Stuart Hameroff |
### Season 21 (2022)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 258 | 1 | "Freeman Dyson, Part I: From Physics to the Far Future" | Freeman Dyson |
| 259 | 2 | "Freeman Dyson, Part II: Mind, God, Religion" | Freeman Dyson |
| 260 | 3 | "What are Scientific Breakthroughs in Physics?" | Sabine Hossenfelder, Leonard Mlodinow, Edward Witten, Karen Uhlenbeck, Robbert Dijkgraaf |
| 261 | 4 | "What are Scientific Breakthroughs in Biology?" | Geoffrey West, Michio Kaku, Stuart Kauffman, Antonio Damasio, V. S. Ramachandran |
| 262 | 5 | "What is Philosophy of Scientific Breakthroughs?" | Paul Davies, David Chalmers, David Wallace, Jim Holt, John Horgan |
| 263 | 6 | "How do Breakthroughs Happen in Physics?" | Robbert Dijkgraaf, Karen Uhlenbeck, Edward Witten, Gregory Chaitin |
| 264 | 7 | "What is Philosophy of the Breakthrough Process?" | Jim Holt, John Horgan, Michio Kaku, David Wallace, David Chalmers |
| 265 | 8 | "How Do Breakthroughs Happen in Biology?" | Paul Davies, V. S. Ramachandran, Antonio Damasio, Leon Glass, Daniel Chamovitz |
| 266 | 9 | "How to Decipher Deception in Evolution?" | Robert Trivers, Max Tegmark, Jennifer Mather, Daniel Chamovitz |
| 267 | 10 | "How Does Deception Affect Human Behavior?" | Joshua Greene, V. S. Ramachandran, Max Tegmark, Robert Trivers |
| 268 | 11 | "How Do Human Brains Experience Music?" | John Iversen, Mark Tramo, Elizabeth Margulis, Diana Deutsch |
| 269 | 12 | "Can Music Probe Human Mentality?" | Diana Deutsch, Suzanne Hanser, John Iversen, Elizabeth Margulis |
| 270 | 13 | "What Would Transhuman Brains Mean?" | Michio Kaku, Leonard Mlodinow, David Chalmers, Antonio Damasio, V. S. Ramachandran |
### Season 20 (2020)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 248 | 1 | "Art Seeking Understanding I: Foundations" | Justin Barrett, Christopher R. Brewer, David Brown, Anjan Chatterjee, Matthew Milliner, Simone Schnall, W. Christopher Stewart |
| 249 | 2 | "What is Philosophy of Art?" | Gordon Graham, Nicholas Wolterstorff, E. Thomas Lawson, Jean-Luc Jucker, Anjan Chatterjee, Stephan van Erp, Nathan A. Jacobs |
| 250 | 3 | "Can the Brain Explain Art?" | Anjan Chatterjee, Semir Zeki, V.S. Ramachandran, Raymond Tallis, Antonio Damasio |
| 251 | 4 | "Can Art Clarify the Mind-Body Problem?" | Rebecca Newberger Goldstein, W. Christopher Stewart, Gordon Graham, Nathan A. Jacobs, Anjan Chatterjee, Raymond Tallis |
| 252 | 5 | "Can Art Engage Philosophy of Religion?" | W. Christopher Stewart, Nicholas Wolterstorff, E. Thomas Lawson, Nathan A. Jacobs, Stephan van Erp, David Brown |
| 253 | 6 | "Can Art Reveal God's Traits?" | Nicholas Wolterstorff, Gordon Graham, Matthew Milliner, Jonathan Anderson, David Brown |
| 254 | 7 | "Can Art and Knowledge Enhance Each Other?" | Gordon Graham, David Brown, Jonathan Anderson, Nicholas Wolterstorff, Nathan A. Jacobs |
| 255 | 8 | "Did Art and Religion Co-Evolve?" | Justin Barrett, Pascal Boyer, Simone Schnall\], E. Thomas Lawson |
| 256 | 9 | "Can Art Probe Creativity?" | Aaron Rosen, Antonius Roberts, Alfonse Borysewicz, Murray Watts, Carl Plantinga |
| 257 | 10 | "Art Seeking Understanding II: Meaning" | Christopher R. Brewer, Justin Barrett, Jonathan Anderson, Judith Wolfe, David Brown, W. Christopher Stewart |
### Season 19 (2019)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 235 | 1 | "What is Philosophy of Cosmology?" | Barry Loewer, Mario Livio, George Ellis, David Albert |
| 236 | 2 | "What is Fine Tuning in Cosmology?" | Geraint Lewis, Luke Barnes, Avi Loeb, Fred Adams, Joseph Silk |
| 237 | 3 | "What is Fine-Tuning in Physics?" | Bernard Carr, Luke Barnes, Avi Loeb, George Ellis |
| 238 | 4 | "Is the Anthropic Principle Significant?" | Bernard Carr, Pedro Ferreira, Avi Loeb, John Peacock, Luke Barnes |
| 239 | 5 | "What is Strong Emergence?" | George Ellis, David Albert, Barry Loewer, Tim Maudlin |
| 240 | 6 | "What Exists II?" | Barry Loewer, David Albert, Luke Barnes, Raymond Tallis, George Ellis |
| 241 | 7 | "Why Anything At All II?" | Tim Maudlin, Mario Livio, George Ellis, David Bentley Hart |
| 242 | 8 | "Epistemology: How Can We Know God?" | Robert Audi, Meghan Sullivan, David Bentley Hart, Menachem Fisch, Bas C. van Fraassen |
| 243 | 9 | "Jesus as God: A Philosophical Inquiry" | Sarah Coakley, N.T. Wright, Oliver Crisp, Eleonore Stump, C. Stephen Evans, Ian McFarland |
| 244 | 10 | "What is the Trinity: A Philosophical Inquiry" | Peter van Inwagen, Oliver Crisp, Michael Rea, Brian Leftow, Richard Swinburne |
| 245 | 11 | "What is the Incarnation: A Philosophical Inquiry" | Richard Swinburne, Ian McFarland. Timothy Pawl, N.T. Wright, John Hick |
| 246 | 12 | "What is the Atonement: A Philosophical Inquiry" | Eleonore Stump, Alan Torrance, Oliver Crisp, Richard Swinburne, N.T. Wright |
| 247 | 13 | "What is Salvation: A Philosophical Inquiry" | Oliver Crisp, Eleonore Stump, Alan Torrance, N.T. Wright |
### Season 18 (2017-2018)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 222 | 1 | "The Multiverse: What's Real?" | Max Tegmark, Laura Mersini-Houghton, Paul Davies, Andreas Albrecht, Alan H. Guth, Anthony Aguirre, Carlo Rovelli |
| 223 | 2 | "Critical Realism in Science and Religion" | Ernan McMullin, Bas C. van Fraassen, Paul Allen, Michael Ruse, Francisco J. Ayala, J. Matthew Ashley |
| 224 | 3 | "Why Consonance in Science and Religion?" | Andrew Pinsent, Francisco J. Ayala, Menachem Fisch, Tom McLeish, Michael Ruse |
| 225 | 4 | "Does Consciousness Require a Radical Explanation?" | Giulio Tononi, David Chalmers, Sean Carroll, Max Tegmark, David Wallace, Bernard Carr, Paul Davies |
| 226 | 5 | "Cosmology and Creation" | Stephen Barr, David Bentley Hart, Nancey Murphy, Tom McLeish, Andrew Pinsent |
| 227 | 6 | "What is Philosophy of Biology?" | Michael Ruse, Francisco J. Ayala, Celia Deane-Drummond, Louis Caruana |
| 228 | 7 | "Epistemology: How Do I Know?" | Robert Audi, Meghan Sullivan, Bas C. van Fraassen, Louis Caruana, David Bentley Hart |
| 229 | 8 | "What is Analytic Theology?" | Oliver Crisp, Sarah Coakley, Michael Rea |
| 230 | 9 | "Being in the World: A Tribute to Hubert Dreyfus" | Hubert L. Dreyfus |
| 231 | 10 | "If God, What's Evolution?" | Michael Ruse, Nancey Murphy, Celia Deane-Drummond, Francisco J. Ayala, Michael Murray |
| 232 | 11 | "What is Extended Mind?" | David Chalmers, Andy Clark, Raymond Tallis |
| 233 | 12 | "God's Sovereignty: A Tribute to Hugh McCann" | Hugh McCann |
| 234 | 13 | "Challenges of Analytic Theology" | Alan Torrance, N.T. Wright, Eleonore Stump, Michael Murray |
### Season 17 (2017)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 209 | 1 | "Death Disrupted?" | Julian Baggini, Max More, Sam Parnia, J. L. Schellenberg |
| 210 | 2 | "How Does Faith Work?" | Alister McGrath, Gregory Ganselle, J. L. Schellenberg, Edward Wierenga |
| 211 | 3 | "How the Subconscious Affects Us" | David Eagleman, Elizabeth Loftus, Nicholas Humphrey, Patrick McNamara, Julia Mossbridge |
| 212 | 4 | "Can Metaphysics Discern God I?" | Brian Leftow, John Hawthorne, Robert Spitzer, John Cottingham, Timothy O'Connor |
| 213 | 5 | "Can Metaphysics Discern God II?" | Richard Swinburne, Yujin Nagasawa, Michael Almeida, J. L. Schellenberg, Peter Van Inwagen |
| 214 | 6 | "What Is God's Own Being?" | Richard Swinburne, Robert Spitzer, Varadaraja V. Raman, Neil Gillman |
| 215 | 7 | "Huston Smith: Tribute to a Religious Visionary" | Huston Smith |
| 216 | 8 | "Observing Quanta, Observing Nature?" | Max Tegmark, Anthony Aguirre, David Wallace, Sean M. Carroll, Seth Lloyd, David Chalmers, Paul Davies, Alan Guth, Bernard Carr |
| 217 | 9 | "Why Philosophy of Physics & Cosmology?" | David Wallace, Sean M. Carroll, James Hartle, Carlo Rovelli |
| 218 | 10 | "What Exists?" | Sean M. Carroll, David Wallace, David Chalmers, Don Page |
| 219 | 11 | "To Seek Cosmic Origins" | Alan Guth, Andreas Albrecht, Laura Mersini-Houghton, Don Page, James Hartle |
| 220 | 12 | "Is the Universe Theologically Ambiguous?" | Andrew Briggs, Carlo Rovelli, Don Page, Paul Davies |
| 221 | 13 | "Science and the Future of Humanity" | Max Tegmark, Seth Lloyd, Anthony Aguirre, Paul Davies |
### Season 16 (2016)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 196 | 1 | "When Brains Go Bad?" | Barry Smith, Donald D. Hoffman, Susan Greenfield, Christopher Evans, Deirdre Barrett |
| 197 | 2 | "What Is the Doomsday Argument?" | John Leslie, J. Richard Gott III, Nick Bostrom, Martin Rees |
| 198 | 3 | "How Could God Make Miracles?" | Paul Fiddes, Hugh McCann, William A. Dembski, Rodney Holder, Keith Ward |
| 199 | 4 | "How Do Consciousness and Language Relate?" | John Searle, Rebecca Newberger Goldstein, Ned Block, Barry Smith, Colin Blakemore |
| 200 | 5 | "Can God and Science Mix?" | Willem B. Drees, J. Richard Gott III, David Finkelstein, Rodolfo Llinás, Don Page |
| 201 | 6 | "Religious Faith: Rational or Rationalization?" | John Cottingham, John Bishop, Julian Baggini, Jeff Schloss |
| 202 | 7 | "Can Brain Alone Explain Consciousness?" | John Searle, David Chalmers |
| 203 | 8 | "Can Enlarged Materialism Explain Consciousness?" | Colin McGinn, Dean Radin, Anirban Bandyopadhyay, Ken Mogi |
| 204 | 9 | "Does Consciousness Defeat Materialism" | Ned Block, Rodney Brooks, Marilyn Schlitz, William A. Dembski, Eric Schwitzgebel |
| 205 | 10 | "Fallacies in Arguing for God?" | Francis S. Collins, Francisco J. Ayala, Richard Swinburne, J. L. Schellenberg, Michael Shermer |
| 206 | 11 | "What Is Philosophy of Science?" | Simon Blackburn, John Hawthorne, Rebecca Newberger Goldstein, John Searle, Daniel Dennett |
| 207 | 12 | "Does Philosophy Help Science?" | Steven Weinberg, Paul Davies, Colin Blakemore, Scott Aaronson |
| 208 | 13 | "A Tribute to Marvin Minsky" | Marvin Minsky |
### Season 15 (2015)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 183 | 1 | “Does the Cosmos have a Reason?" | Michio Kaku, Alan Guth, Jill Tarter, Douglas Vakoch, Russell Stannard, Frank Wilczek |
| 184 | 2 | “Can the Cosmos have a Reason?" | Alexander Vilenkin, John Polkinghorne, Michael Shermer, Stephen Wolfram, Stuart Kauffman |
| 185 | 3 | “Implications of Cosmology" | Alan Guth, Andrei Linde, George F. Smoot III, Robert Spitzer, Jill Tarter, Douglas Vakoch |
| 186 | 4 | “What Is It About God?" | Peter Van Inwagen, Timothy O'Connor, Keith Ward, John Polkinghorne, Hugh McCann, John Leslie, Robin LePoidevin, Christopher Knight, Robert John Russell |
| 187 | 5 | “Speculating About God?" | Peter Forrest, Hubert L. Dreyfus, Neil N. Gillman, Subhash Kak, J. L. Schellenberg, Michael Tooley |
| 188 | 6 | “How Could God Intervene in the Universe?" | Niels Henrik Gregerson, Dirk Evers, Christopher Southgate, David Shatz, Andrei Buckareff, Edward Wierenga |
| 189 | 7 | “What Could ESP Mean?" | Charles T. Tart, Dean Radin, Bruce Hood, John Hick, Susan Blackmore |
| 190 | 8 | “How Could ESP Work?" | Brian Josephson, Lawrence M. Krauss, Michael Shermer, Charles T. Tart, Dean Radin |
| 191 | 9 | “How to Argue for God?" | Alister McGrath, Russell Stannard, Mahmoud M. Ayoub, Timothy O'Connor, Steven Weinberg |
| 192 | 10 | “Does God Know Everything?" | Edward Wierenga, Peter van Inwagen, Brian Leftow, David Hunt, Yujin Nagasawa |
| 193 | 11 | “What is Causation?" | Simon Blackburn, Richard Swinburne, Robin Le Poidevin, Huw Price, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong |
| 194 | 12 | “Does Dualism Explain Consciousness?" | Yujin Nagasawa, Richard Swinburne, Jaron Lanier, Bede Rundle, Peter Forrest |
| 195 | 13 | "Is Consciousness Ultimate Reality?" | Deepak Chopra, Donald Hoffman, Neil Theise, Fred Alan Wolf, Frank J. Tipler, Charles T. Tart |
### Season 14 (2015)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 170 | 1 | “Can the Mind Heal the Body?" | Deepak Chopra, Rudolph Tanzil, Elissa Epel, Gino Yu, P. Murali Doraiswamy |
| 171 | 2 | “Is God Responsible for Evil" | Dean Zimmerman, Holmes Rolston III, Jesse Couenhoven, John Bishop, Keith Ward |
| 172 | 3 | “What is Information" | Max Tegmark, Paul Davies, Seth Lloyd, Giulio Tononi, Scott Aaronson |
| 173 | 4 | “Can Design Point to God?" | Owen Gingerich, Ernan McMullin, Colin McGinn, Paul Davies |
| 174 | 5 | “What is Truth?" | Simon Blackburn, Raymond Tallis, John Hawthorne, John Hick, Michael Shermer |
| 175 | 6 | “Does Information Create the Cosmos?" | Seth Lloyd, Sean Carroll, Raphael Bousso, Alan Guth, Christof Koch |
| 176 | 7 | “Why Body in a Resurrection?" | Eleonore Stump, Dean Zimmerman, Peter Van Inwagen, Eric Steinhart |
| 177 | 8 | “Must Multiple Universes Exist?" | Alexander Vilenkin, Alan Guth, Raphael Bousso, Max Tegmark, Don Page, Paul Davies |
| 178 | 9 | “Toward a Science of Consciousness?" | Stuart Hameroff, David Chalmers, John Searle, Daniel Dennett, Deepak Chopra, Susan Blackmore, Rebecca Newberger Goldstein |
| 179 | 10 | “Big Questions in Free Will Part 1" | Alfred Mele, Galen Strawson, John Searle, Peter Van Inwagen, Christof Koch, Uri Maoz, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Thalia Wheatley, Peter Tse |
| 180 | 11 | “Big Questions in Free Will Part 2" | Bertram Malle, Eddy Nahmias, Roy Baumeister, Patrick Haggard, Adina Roskies, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Alfred Mele |
| 181 | 12 | “Can Free Will Survive God's Foreknowledge?" | Dean Zimmerman, David Hunt, Katherin Rogers, Jesse Couenhoven |
| 182 | 13 | "How Can God Not Be Free?" | Michael Almeida, Hugh McCann, Matthews Grant, David Hunt |
### Season 13 (2014)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 157 | 1 | “What is Ultimate Reality?" | Yujin Nagasawa, David Deutsch, Christof Koch, Julian Baggini, Stephen Law |
| 158 | 2 | “What is Consciousness?" | Simon Blackburn, Susan Greenfield, Christof Koch, Bruce Hood, Roy Baumeister |
| 159 | 3 | “Is This God?" | Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Brian Leftow, John Cottingham, Paul Fiddes, Alister McGrath |
| 160 | 4 | “Will the Universe Ever End?" | Michio Kaku, Max Tegmark, Saul Perlmutter, Alan Guth, Ken Olum |
| 161 | 5 | “Can the Divine Be a Person?" | Oliver D. Crisp, John Behr, J. L. Schellenberg, Deepak Chopra, Edward Wierenga |
| 162 | 6 | “Is Death Final?" | Greg Boyd, John Hick, Deepak Chopra, Warren S. Brown, Eric Steinhart |
| 163 | 7 | “What Causes Religious Belief?" | Colin Blakemore, Thalia Wheatley, Justin L. Barrett, Bruce Hood, Elizabeth Loftus, Warren S. Brown, Jared Diamond, J. L. Schellenberg, Stuart Kauffman |
| 164 | 8 | “What Things Are Real?" | John Hawthorne, Chris Isham, Galen Strawson, George Ellis |
| 165 | 9 | “Free Will for Moral Responsibility?" | Alfred Mele, Thalia Wheatley, Patrick Haggard, Roy Baumeister, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong |
| 166 | 10 | “What Can We Learn From Alternative Gods?" | Willem B. Drees, Yujin Nagasawa, Eric Steinhart, John Bishop, J. L. Schellenberg |
| 167 | 11 | “Why God, Not Nothing?" | John Leslie, John Polkinghorne, Peter van Inwagen, Robin Le Poidevin, Robert Spitzer, Menas Kafatos, Deepak Chopra |
| 168 | 12 | “Does God's Knowledge Ruin Free Will?" | Peter van Inwagen, Brian Leftow, Hugh McCann |
| 169 | 13 | "Is God Totally Free?” <br>"What Limits God's Freedom?" | Brian Leftow, Peter van Inwagen, Dean Zimmerman |
### Season 12 (2013)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 144 | 1 | "Did the Universe have a Beginning?" | Anthony Aguirre, Andreas Albrecht, Rodney Holder, Dirk Evers, Leonard Mlodinow |
| 145 | 2 | "How Humans Differ from (Other) Animals" | Colin Blakemore, Barry Smith, Nicholas Humphrey, Jared Diamond, Justin L. Barrett |
| 146 | 3 | "What would it Feel Like to be God?" | Brian Leftow, Keith Ward, John Polkinghorne, Gregory Ganselle, Peter Forrest |
| 147 | 4 | "What's the New Atheism?" | Michael Shermer, Alister McGrath, Lawrence Krauss, Keith Ward, A. C. Grayling |
| 148 | 5 | "How does Personal Identity Persist through Time?" | Simon Blackburn, Stephen Law, Richard Swinburne, Joseph LeDoux, Bob Bilder, Roger Walsh |
| 149 | 6 | "Can Philosophy of Religion Find God?" | Alvin Plantinga, Eleonore Stump, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, David Shatz, Michael Tooley |
| 150 | 7 | "Why Do We Sleep?" | Robert Stickgold, Patrick McNamara, Deirdre Barrett, Nicholas Humphrey |
| 151 | 8 | "Does Fine-Tuning Demand Explanation?" | Bernard Carr, David Deutsch, Richard Swinburne, Rodney Holder, Chris Isham |
| 152 | 9 | "Why Obsess about Free Will?" | Patrick Haggard, Peter Tse, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Alison Gopnik |
| 153 | 10 | "Why Seek an Alternative God?" | Robin Le Poidevin, Andrei Buckareff, Peter Forrest, Sarah Coakley |
| 154 | 11 | "Panentheism: Is the World in God?" | Philip Clayton, Marcel Sarot, Michael Levin (biologist), Yujin Nagasawa, Sarah Coakley, Alister McGrath |
| 155 | 12 | "What is Nothing?" | Richard Swinburne, Simon Blackburn, Peter van Inwagen, Steven Weinberg, John Leslie, Timothy O'Connor, Robert Spitzer, Victor Stenger, John Hawthorne |
| 156 | 13 | "Why Anything at All?" | John Leslie, Bede Rundle, Max Tegmark, Simon Blackburn, Quentin Smith, Victor Stenger, Peter Forrest, John Leslie, Peter van Inwagen, John Polkinghorne, Richard Swinburne, Paul Davies |
### Season 11 (2013)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 131 | 1 | "Time at Sea" | Max Tegmark, Huw Price, Dean Rickies, Fotini Markopoulou, Andreas Albrecht, Garrett Lisi, Raphael Bousso, Scott Aaronson, Craig Callender, David Eagleman, David Albert, Julian Barbour, Sean Carroll |
| 132 | 2 | "What is Time?" | Huw Price, Julian Barbour, David Albert, Jeff Tollaksen, John Polkinghorne |
| 133 | 3 | "Why Believe in God?" | Sarah Coakley, A. C. Grayling, Chris Isham, Michael Shermer |
| 134 | 4 | "Alternative Concepts of God" | Yujin Nagasawa, Marcel Sarot, Willem B. Drees, John Bishop, Eric Steinhart, Brian Leftow |
| 135 | 5 | "Pantheism: Is the World God?" | Michael Levin (biologist), Peter Forrest, John Leslie, J. L. Schellenberg, Richard Swinburne |
| 136 | 6 | "How Do Brains Work?" | Christopher Evans, Kelsey Martin, Bob Bilder, Jared Diamond, Rodney Brooks |
| 137 | 7 | "What Would an Infinite Cosmos Mean?" | Martin Rees, Anthony Aguirre, Raphael Bousso, Sean Carroll, Joshua Knobe |
| 138 | 8 | "What is God's Eternity?" | Paul Davies, Eleonore Stump, Gregory Ganssle, William Lane Craig, Robert Spitzer, Robert John Russell |
| 139 | 9 | "Why is Free Will a Big Question?" | Alfred Mele, Eddy Nahmias, Tim Bayne, Bertram Malle, Joshua Knobe, Roy Baumeister |
| 140 | 10 | "Is Free Will an Illusion?" | Daniel Dennett, Alfred Mele, Patrick Haggard, Thalia Wheatley, Timothy O'Connor, Peter van Inwagen |
| 141 | 11 | "What's in a Resurrection?" | Edward Wierenga, Sarah Coakley, John Behr, Arthur Hyman, Timothy O'Connor |
| 142 | 12 | "Does Hell Reveal God?" | Edward Wierenga, Richard Swinburne, Paul Fiddes, John Behr, Eleonore Stump |
| 143 | 13 | "Confronting Consciousness" | Christof Koch, David Eagleman, Keith Ward, Warren S. Brown, Tim Bayne, Raymond Tallis |
### Season 10 (2012)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 118 | 1 | "Is the Universe Religiously Ambiguous?" | Sean Carroll, Bernard Carr, Martin Rees, Chris Isham, J. L. Schellenberg |
| 119 | 2 | "Is Consciousness an Illusion?" | Nicholas Humphrey, Julian Baggini, Rebecca Goldstein, Galen Strawson, A. C. Grayling, Raymond Tallis |
| 120 | 3 | "What is God?" | John Polkinghorne, John Behr, John Hick, J. L. Schellenberg, Timothy O'Connor |
| 121 | 4 | "Do General Principles Govern All Science?" | Geoffrey West, Martin Rees, Stuart Kauffman, Holmes Rolston, David Deutsch |
| 122 | 5 | "Are Brain and Mind the Same Thing?" | David Eagleman, Nicholas Humphrey, Richard Swinburne, Raymond Tallis, Robert Stickgold |
| 123 | 6 | "Current Arguments for God" | Rebecca Goldstein, Julian Barbour, John Polkinghorne, Robin Collins, A. C. Grayling, Yujin Nagasawa, Alvin Plantinga |
| 124 | 7 | "Why Science and Religion Think Differently" | Neils Gregerson, Holmes Rolston, Chris Southgate, Celia Deane-Drummond, A. C. Grayling |
| 125 | 8 | "What are Dreams About?" | Robert Stickgold, Deirdre Barrett, Chris Isham, Patrick McNamara |
| 126 | 9 | "Can God Face Up Evil?" | John Hick, Stephen Law, Paul Fiddes, A. C. Grayling, Robert John Russell |
| 127 | 10 | "How Belief Systems Work" | Julian Baggini, Stephen Law, Patrick McNamara, Gregory Ganssle, Rebecca Goldstein, Michael Shermer |
| 128 | 11 | "Do Religions Complement or Contradict?" | John Hick, Yujin Nagasawa, John Behr, Sarah Coakley, Mahmoud Ayoub |
| 129 | 12 | "Why is Free Will a Mystery?" | John Searle, Richard Swinburne, Ned Block, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Alfred Mele, Thalia Wheatley, Jenann Ismael, Adina Roskies, Tim Bayne, David Hunt, Alvin Plantinga |
| 130 | 13 | "Does Brain Science Abolish Free Will?" | Galen Strawson, Alfred Mele, Christof Koch, Uri Maoz, Richard Swinburne, Colin McGinn |
### Season 9 (2012)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 105 | 1 | "Fallacies in Proving God Exists" | Peter Atkins, Victor Stenger, Michael Tooley, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Denis Alexander |
| 106 | 2 | "Is Life and Mind Inevitable in the Universe?" | J. Richard Gott, Frank Wilczek, Robert Laughlin, Ray Kurzweil, Robert John Russell, Peter van Inwagen |
| 107 | 3 | "Arguing God with Analytic Philosophy" | Richard Swinburne, Philip Clayton, Bede Rundle, Richard Swinburne |
| 108 | 4 | "What Would Alien Intelligences Mean?" | Martin Rees, Frank Drake, Lawrence Krauss, Greg Benford, Jaron Lanier |
| 109 | 5 | "What God the Creator Means / How Does a Creator God Work?" | Alister McGrath, Keith Ward, William Dembski, Varadaraja V. Raman, William Lane Craig, James Tabor |
| 110 | 6 | "Mysteries of Cosmic Inflation" | Alexander Vilenkin, Alan Guth, Paul Steinhardt, Andrei Linde, Saul Perlmutter |
| 111 | 7 | "How is God All Powerful?" | Brian Leftow, Bede Rundle, John Leslie, Thomas Flint, Greg Boyd |
| 112 | 8 | "Does Metaphysics Reveal Reality?" | John Searle, Hubert Dreyfus, Bas van Fraassen, Steven Weinberg, Daniel Dennett, Ned Block |
| 113 | 9 | "Complexity from Simplicity?" | Stephen Wolfram, Seth Lloyd, Lee Smolin, Francis Collins, Frank Wilczek |
| 114 | 10 | "Do Humans have Free Will?" | Ned Block, David Gross, Stephen Wolfram, Nancey Murphy, JP Moreland, Jaron Lanier |
| 115 | 11 | "What's God About?" | Robert John Russell, Philip Clayton, Ian Barbour, John Leslie, Keith Ward |
| 116 | 12 | "Does Consciousness lead to God?" | Keith Ward, Susan Blackmore, Varadaraja V. Raman, Paul Davies, John Leslie |
| 117 | 13 | "The Mystery of Existence" | Michio Kaku, Bede Rundle, John Leslie, Hubert Dreyfus |
### Season 8 (2011)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 92 | 1 | "Is Evil Necessary in God's World?" | Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Richard Swinburn, Robin Collins, David Shatz, Robert John Russell |
| 93 | 2 | "What's Beyond Physics?" | Lawrence Krauss, Michio Kaku, Rupert Sheldrake, Paul Davies, David Chalmers |
| 94 | 3 | "Can ESP Reveal a New Reality?" | Marilyn Schlitz, Dean Radin, Fred Alan Wolf, Michael Tooley, Alan Leshner |
| 95 | 4 | "Arguing God from Consciousness" | JP Moreland, Bede Rundle, Richard Swinburne, Quentin Smith, Colin McGinn |
| 96 | 5 | "Does the Cosmos Provide Meaning?" | Saul Perlmutter, Roger Penrose, Paul Steinhardt, Martin Rees, Frank Drake |
| 97 | 6 | "What Maintains Personal Identity?" | John Searle, Christof Koch, Rodolfo Llinas, Stephen Braude, Michael Tooley |
| 98 | 7 | "Arguing God from Being" | Peter van Inwagen, Alister McGrath, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Michael Tooley, Alvin Plantinga |
| 99 | 8 | "Can Science and Theology Find Deep Reality?" | Ernan McMullin, Frank Wilczek, Francis Collins, Paul Davies, Bruce Murray |
| 100 | 9 | "What's Wrong with Immortal Souls?" | Keith Ward, Neil Gillman, Ananda Guruge, Dean Zimmerman, Philip Clayton |
| 101 | 10 | "Does God Have a Nature?" | Brian Leftow, Keith Ward, Bede Rundle, David Shatz, Alvin Plantinga |
| 102 | 11 | "Are There Things Not Material?" | Colin McGinn, JP Moreland, Ananda Guruge, Marvin Minsky, David Chalmers |
| 103 | 12 | "How Free is God?" | Richard Swinburne, Brian Leftow, Peter van Inwagen, Alvin Plantinga, William Lane Craig |
| 104 | 13 | "Immortality and Eternal Life" | Russell Stannard, Neil Gillman, Thomas Flint, Robin Collins, Ananda Guruge |
### Season 7 (2011)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 79 | 1 | "How To Think About God's Existence" | Philip Clayton, Victor Stenger, Robert John Russell, Michael Shermer, David Shatz, Peter van Inwagen |
| 80 | 2 | "Why is the Universe Breathtaking?" | Frank Wilczek, Steven Weinberg, David Finkelstein, Seth Lloyd, Freeman Dyson, Saul Perlmutter |
| 81 | 3 | "What is the Meaning of Consciousness?" | Ned Block, Marvin Minsky, Alva Noe, Jaron Lanier, Colin McGinn |
| 82 | 4 | "Arguing God from Miracles & Revelations" | William Lane Craig, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Richard Swinburne, Bede Rundle, Francis Collins |
| 83 | 5 | "Marvels of Space-Time" | Max Tegmark, J. Richard Gott, Juan Maldacena, Fotini Markopoulou, John Leslie |
| 84 | 6 | "What Makes Brains Conscious?" | Arnold Scheibel, John Mazziotta, Christof Koch, Joseph LeDoux, Stephen Chorover |
| 85 | 7 | "Is God Perfect?" | Brian Leftow, Richard Swinburne, JP Moreland, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Keith Ward, Philip Clayton |
| 86 | 8 | "What are the Scope and Limits of Science?" | Frank Wilczek, J. Richard Gott, Stephen Wolfram, Bas van Fraassen, Owen Gingerich |
| 87 | 9 | "Is Human Consciousness Special?" | Marvin Minsky, Roger Walsh, Marilyn Schlitz, Colin McGinn, J. Wentzel van Huyssteen |
| 88 | 10 | "If God Knows the Future, What is Free Will?" | Alvin Plantinga, Thomas Flint, Peter van Inwagen, Dean Zimmerman |
| 89 | 11 | "Can Science Talk God?" | David Gross, William Dembski, Victor Stenger, Gregory Chaitin, George Smoot |
| 90 | 12 | "Do Persons Survive Death?" | Charles Tart, Richard Swinburne, Robert Park, James Tabor, Keith Ward |
| 91 | 13 | "Is Theism Coherent?" | Richard Swinburne, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Quentin Smith |
### Season 6 (2010)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 66 | 1 | "Arguing God from Natural Theology?" | John Polkinghorne, Victor Stenger, William Dembski, J. Wentzel van Huyssteen, Owen Gingerich |
| 67 | 2 | "What is the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe?" | J. Richard Gott, Abraham Loeb, George Smoot, Saul Perlmutter |
| 68 | 3 | "Does ESP Reveal Spirit Existence?" | Stephen Braude, Marilyn Schlitz, Dean Radin, Robert Park, Charles Tart |
| 69 | 4 | "Is God All Knowing?" | William Lane Craig, John Leslie, Thomas Flint, Robert John Russell |
| 70 | 5 | "Why is the Quantum So Strange?" | Wojciech Zurek, Nima Arkani-Hamed, Lee Smolin, Seth Lloyd |
| 71 | 6 | "Can Metaphysics Discover Surprises?" | Colin McGinn, Peter van Inwagen, Philip Clayton, George Lakoff, Dean Zimmerman |
| 72 | 7 | "Is God Necessary?" | Alvin Plantinga, Peter van Inwagen, Richard Swinburne, Bede Rundle, David Shatz |
| 73 | 8 | "Would Multiple Universes Undermine God?" | Victor Stenger, Richard Swinburne, Robin Collins, Russell Stannard |
| 74 | 9 | "Do Human Brains Have Free Will?" | John Searle, Rodolfo Llinas, Christof Koch, Eran Zaidel, Roger Walsh, Michael Merzenich, Henry Stapp, Colin McGinn |
| 75 | 10 | "Arguing for Agnosticism?" | Mark Vernon, Nick Bostrom, Denis Alexander, Leonard Susskind, John Searle |
| 76 | 11 | "Are Science & Religion at War?" | Philip Clayton, William Dembski, Bas van Fraassen, Robert John Russell |
| 77 | 12 | "Why Explore Consciousness and Cosmos?" | David Chalmers, Alexander Vilenkin, David Brin, Colin McGinn, Paul Davies |
| 78 | 13 | "A New Heaven & A New Earth?" | Nancey Murphy, Arthur Hyman, Robin Collins, John Polkinghorne, Robert John Russell |
### Season 5 (2010)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 53 | 1 | "How Do Human Brains Think and Feel?" | Rodolfo Llinas, John Mazziotta, Joseph LeDoux, Michael Merzenich, Eran Zaidel |
| 54 | 2 | "Does a Fine-Tuned Universe Lead to God?" | Robin Collins, Victor Stenger, Ernan McMullin, Michio Kaku |
| 55 | 3 | "Wondering About God" | Keith Ward, Mahmoud Ayoub, Neil Gillman, Ananda Guruge, John Leslie, William Grassie, J. Wentzel van Huyssteen, Paul Davies, Alvin Plantinga |
| 56 | 4 | "What is the Far Far Future of the Universe?" | Martin Rees, Wendy Freedman, Abraham Loeb, Alexander Vilenkin, Robert John Russell |
| 57 | 5 | "Solutions to the Mind-Body Problem?" | Ned Block, Dean Zimmerman, Colin McGinn, Charles Tart, Henry Stapp |
| 58 | 6 | "How is God the Creator?" | William Lane Craig, John Polkinghorne, Brian Leftow |
| 59 | 7 | "What would Multiple Universes Mean?" | Max Tegmark, Anthony Aguirre, Alan Guth, Andrei Linde, Renata Kallosh, Paul Davies |
| 60 | 8 | "What Things are Conscious?" | John Searle, Ray Kurzweil, JP Moreland, Marilyn Schlitz, Rupert Sheldrake |
| 61 | 9 | "Can Religion be Explained Without God?" | Daniel Dennett, J. Wentzel van Huyssteen, Susan Blackmore, Denis Alexander, Michael Shermer |
| 62 | 10 | "What's Real About Time?" | Greg Benford, Kip Thorne, Nima Arkani-Hamed, Lee Smolin |
| 63 | 11 | "How do Persons Maintain Their Identity?" | Colin McGinn, Susan Blackmore, Ray Kurzweil, John Polkinghorne, Peter van Inwagen |
| 64 | 12 | "Is God a "Person"?" | Thomas Flint, JP Moreland, Neil Gillman, Varadaraja V. Raman, Philip Clayton |
| 65 | 13 | "Asking Ultimate Questions" | Lawrence Krauss, John Leslie, Max Tegmark, Paul Davies |
### Season 4 (2009)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 40 | 1 | "Why is Consciousness Baffling?" | Charles Tart, Roger Walsh, Ray Kurzweil, Hubert Dreyfus, Alva Noe, Henry Stapp, George Lakoff |
| 41 | 2 | "What is God Like?" | Alvin Plantinga, Peter van Inwagen, Neil Gillman, Richard Swinburne, Huston Smith |
| 42 | 3 | "What does an Expanding Universe Mean?" | Alan Guth, Paul Steinhardt, Saul Perlmutter, George F. R. Ellis, Andrei Linde |
| 43 | 4 | "Is the Person All Material?" | Daniel Dennett, Alvin Plantinga, Peter van Inwagen, John Searle, David Chalmers |
| 44 | 5 | "Arguments Against God?" | Susan Blackmore, Peter Atkins, Alvin Plantinga, Steven Weinberg, Richard Swinburne, Michael Shermer |
| 45 | 6 | "Are there Extra Dimensions?" | Lawrence Krauss, Michio Kaku, David Gross, Nima Arkani-Hamed, Juan Maldacena, Roger Penrose |
| 46 | 7 | "Would Intelligent Aliens Undermine God?" | Steven J. Dick, Russell Stannard, Paul Davies, Robin Collins, Jill Tarter, Doug Vakoch |
| 47 | 8 | "Did God Create Evil?" | Nancey Murphy, Greg Boyd, Mahmoud Ayoub, Varadaraja V. Raman, Keith Ward |
| 48 | 9 | "Is Mathematics Invented or Discovered?" | Roger Penrose, Mark Balaguer, Gregory Chaitin, Stephen Wolfram, Frank Wilczek |
| 49 | 10 | "Do Angels and Demons Exist?" | JP Moreland, Thomas Flint, Dean Radin, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, James Tabor |
| 50 | 11 | "Why the Laws of Nature?" | Martin Rees, Steven Weinberg, Freeman Dyson, Peter Atkins, Lee Smolin, Bas van Fraassen |
| 51 | 12 | "What is God's Judgment?" | John Polkinghorne, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Varadaraja V. Raman, Ven. Yifa, Robert John Russell |
| 52 | 13 | "Why the Cosmos?" | Owen Gingerich, Ray Kurzweil, Max Tegmark, John Polkinghorne, Steven J. Dick, Paul Davies |
### Season 3 (2009)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 27 | 1 | "How Could God Know the Future?" | Russell Stannard, John Polkinghorne, Ernan McMullin, Greg Boyd, William Lane Craig |
| 28 | 2 | "Is the Universe Fine-Tuned for Life and Mind?" | Martin Rees, Leonard Susskind, Alexander Vilenkin, Russell Stannard, Roger Penrose |
| 29 | 3 | "How Does Beauty Color the Cosmos?" | Peter Atkins, Roger Penrose, Stephon Alexander, Fotini Markopoulou, Frank Wilczek, Freeman Dyson |
| 30 | 4 | "What Things Really Exist?" | Roger Penrose, Peter van Inwagen, John Searle, William Lane Craig, John Leslie |
| 31 | 5 | "Where are They, All Those Aliens?" | Jill Tarter, Doug Vakoch, Frank Drake, Ray Kurzweil, Francisco Ayala, Steven J. Dick, David Brin |
| 32 | 6 | "Why is There “Something” Rather than “Nothing”?" | John Leslie, Peter van Inwagen, Bede Rundle, Quentin Smith, Richard Swinburne, Steven Weinberg |
| 33 | 7 | "Can Many Religions All Be True?" | Alvin Plantinga, Richard Swinburne, Arthur Hyman, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Ananda Guruge, Varadaraja V. Raman |
| 34 | 8 | "Is Consciousness Fundamental?" | David Chalmers, John Searle, Marilyn Schlitz, Varadaraja V. Raman, Paul Davies, Andrei Linde |
| 35 | 9 | "Is There A Final Theory of Everything?" | Steven Weinberg, David Gross, Robert Laughlin, Stephen Wolfram, Frank Wilczek |
| 36 | 10 | "How can Emergence Explain Reality?" | Robert Laughlin, Peter Atkins, Francisco Ayala, Stephen Wolfram, Philip Clayton |
| 37 | 11 | "Is This the End Time?" | James Tabor, Robert Saucy, Nancey Murphy, Arthur Hyman, Greg Boyd |
| 38 | 12 | "Eternal Life is Like What?" | Richard Swinburne, JP Moreland, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Varadaraja V. Raman, Huston Smith |
| 39 | 13 | "Do Science & Religion Conflict?" | Daniel Dennett, Owen Gingerich, Marvin Minsky, Francisco Ayala, J. Wentzel van Huyssteen, Paul Davies |
### Season 2 (2008)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14 | 1 | "Is There Life After Death?" | Stephen Braude, Michael Tooley, JP Moreland, Nancey Murphy, David Shatz, Master Hsing Yun |
| 15 | 2 | "Arguing God from Morality" | JP Moreland, Richard Swinburne, Francis Collins, Michael Tooley, Michael Shermer |
| 16 | 3 | "How Many Universes Exist?" | Andrei Linde, Alan Guth, Martin Rees, Leonard Susskind, Max Tegmark, Steven Weinberg |
| 17 | 4 | "Can Brain Explain Mind?" | Christof Koch, Rodolfo Llinas, Ray Kurzweil, John Searle, David Chalmers |
| 18 | 5 | "What is the Mind-Body Problem?" | John Searle, Ned Block, JP Moreland, Marvin Minsky, Colin McGinn |
| 19 | 6 | "Is Time Travel Possible?" | Michio Kaku, J. Richard Gott, Kip Thorne, Fred Alan Wolf, Seth Lloyd |
| 20 | 7 | "Did God Create Time?" | Brian Leftow, John Polkinghorne, Ernan McMullin, William Lane Craig, Varadaraja V. Raman, Robert John Russell |
| 21 | 8 | "Does Evil Disprove God?" | Peter van Inwagen, Quentin Smith, Alvin Plantinga, Michael Tooley, Richard Swinburne |
| 22 | 9 | "Why are Black Holes Astonishing?" | Kip Thorne, Leonard Susskind, Juan Maldacena, Nima Arkani-Hamed, Lee Smolin |
| 23 | 10 | "What is Free Will?" | Peter van Inwagen, John Searle, Daniel Dennett, Alan Leshner, Susan Blackmore, Christof Koch |
| 24 | 11 | "Arguments for Atheism" | Michael Tooley, Daniel Dennett, Richard Swinburne, Nancey Murphy, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong |
| 25 | 12 | "How Could God Interact with the World?" | Robert John Russell, John Polkinghorne, Paul Davies, Alvin Plantinga, Ernan McMullin |
| 26 | 13 | "What's the Far Future of Intelligence in the Universe?" | Freeman Dyson, Lawrence Krauss, Ray Kurzweil, Frank Tipler, Robin Collins, Paul Davies |
### Season 1 (2008)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | "Does God Make Sense?" | Richard Swinburne, Alvin Plantinga, Daniel Dennett, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Varadaraja V. Raman, Huston Smith, Michael Shermer |
| 2 | 2 | "How Vast is the Cosmos?" | Martin Rees, Martin Rees, Max Tegmark, Alan Guth, Andrei Linde, Paul Davies |
| 3 | 3 | "Why is Consciousness So Mysterious?" | Ven. Yifa, Susan Blackmore, Keith Ward, Daniel Dennett, David Chalmers, John Searle, Colin McGinn |
| 4 | 4 | "Did Our Universe Have a Beginning?" | Wendy Freedman, Alan Guth, George Smoot, Alexander Vilenkin, Martin Rees |
| 5 | 5 | "How are Brains Structured?" | Arnold Scheibel, Carmine Clemente, John Schlag, Christof Koch, Michael Merzenich, Rodolfo Llinas |
| 6 | 6 | "Arguing God's Existence" | Keith Ward, Owen Gingerich, William Lane Craig, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Alvin Plantinga, Steven Weinberg |
| 7 | 7 | "Why a Fine-Tuned Universe?" | John A. Leslie, Steven Weinberg, David Gross, John Polkinghorne, Robin Collins, Paul Davies |
| 8 | 8 | "Do Persons have Souls?" | JP Moreland, Nancey Murphy, Richard Swinburne, Daniel Dennett, Peter van Inwagen, Huston Smith |
| 9 | 9 | "Arguing God from Design" | Richard Swinburne, Bede Rundle, Steven Weinberg, William Dembski, Francisco Ayala, Michael Shermer, Freeman Dyson |
| 10 | 10 | "Could Our Universe Be a Fake?" | David Brin, Nick Bostrom, Ray Kurzweil, Marvin Minsky, Martin Rees |
| 11 | 11 | "Does ESP Reveal the Nonphysical?" | Marilyn Schlitz, Charles Tart, Susan Blackmore, Rupert Sheldrake, Dean Radin, Michael Shermer |
| 12 | 12 | "Arguing God from First Cause" | William Lane Craig, Quentin Smith, Alister McGrath, David Shatz, Charles Harper Jr., Peter van Inwagen |
| 13 | 13 | "Can Science Deal With God?" | Lawrence Krauss, Francis Collins, Robert John Russell, Ian Barbour, Freeman Dyson, Michio Kaku |
### Roundtables (2000-2003)
#### Season 3 (2003)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | "Is Science Fiction Science?" | Michael Crichton, David Brin, Octavia Butler |
| 2 | 2 | "Can We Believe in Both Science and Religion?" | Nancey Murphy, Muzaffar Iqbal, Michael Shermer |
| 3 | 3 | "How Does the Autistic Brain Work?" | Eric Courchesne, Eric Shuman, Terry Sejnowski, Tito Mukhopadhyay, Soma Mukhopadhyay, Portia Iversen |
| 4 | 4 | "How Weird is the Cosmos?" | David Goodstein, Alan Guth, Neil deGrasse Tyson, Roger Blandford |
| 5 | 5 | "Microbes - Friend or Foe" | Agnes Day, Paul Ewald, Alice Huang, Lucy Shapiro |
| 6 | 6 | "How Does Order Arise in the Universe?" | Murray Gell-Mann, David Baltimore |
| 7 | 7 | "Why is Music So Significant?" | Jeanne Bamberger, Robert Freeman, Mark Jude Tramo |
| 8 | 8 | "Will Computers Take a Quantum Leap?" | David DiVincenzo, Seth Lloyd, Birgitta Whaley |
| 9 | 9 | "Does Psychiatry Have a Split Personality?" | Nancy Andreasen, Robert Epstein, Peter Loewenberg |
| 10 | 10 | "How Does Basic Science Defend America?" | Steven Koonin, Llewellyn “Doc” Dougherty, David Herrelko |
| 11 | 11 | "Who Gets to Validate Alternative Medicine?" | Hyla Cass, William Jarvis, Daniel Labriola, Wallace Sampson |
| 12 | 12 | "Is Consciousness Definable?" | Joseph Bogen, Christof Koch, Leslie Brothers, Stuart Hameroff |
| 13 | 13 | "Is the Universe Full of Life?" | Shri Kulkarni, Bruce Murray, Neil deGrasse Tyson |
| 14 | 14 | "Can Religion Withstand Technology?" | Donald Miller, Muzaffar Iqbal, Michael Shermer |
| 15 | 15 | "Testing New Drugs: Are People Guinea Pigs?" | Alexander Capron, Andrea Kovacs, Robert Temple |
#### Season 2 (2000)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15 | 1 | "Can We Imagine the Far Future—Year 3000?" | Edward de Bono, Bart Kosko, Graham T. T. Molitor, Bruce Murray |
| 16 | 2 | "How Do Breakthroughs Change Science?" | Neil deGrasse Tyson, Timothy Ferris, Francisco Ayala, Patricia Smith Churchland, Rochel Gelman |
| 17 | 3 | "How Does Creativity Work at Work?" | Stephen J. Cannell, Ray Kurzweil, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Robert Freeman, John Kao |
| 18 | 4 | "Do Brains Make Minds?" | David Chalmers, John Searle, Marilyn Schlitz, Fred Alan Wolf, Barry Beyerstein |
| 19 | 5 | "Will Gene Therapy Change the Human Race?" | Francisco Ayala, French Anderson, Sherwin Nuland, Gregory Stock, Allan Tobin |
| 20 | 6 | "Why are Music and Art So Exhilarating?" | Ray Kurzweil, Rhoda Janzen, Todd Boyd, Todd Siler, Robert Freeman |
| 21 | 7 | "Why is Quantum Physics So Beautiful?" | Leon Lederman, Andrei Linde, Steve Koonin, Gregory Benford, Charles Buchanan |
| 22 | 8 | "How Did We Think in the Last Millennium?" | Edward de Bono, Graham T. T. Molitor, Bruce Murray, Edward Feigenbaum, Sherwin Nuland |
| 23 | 9 | "Who Needs Sex Therapy?" | Cliff Penner, Joyce Penner, Sherwin Nuland, Paul Abramson, Vern Bullough |
| 24 | 10 | "How Does Technology Transform Society?" | Francis Fukuyama, Marvin Minsky, George Kozmetsky, Gregory Benford, Gregory Stock |
| 25 | 11 | "Can You Learn to Be Creative?" | Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, John Kao, Todd Siler, Rhoda Janzen |
| 26 | 12 | "What is Parapsychology?" | James Trefil, Dean Radin, Barry Beyerstein, Marilyn Schlitz, Charles Tart |
| 27 | 13 | "Will This Universe Ever End?" | Leon Lederman, Wendy Freedman, Andrei Linde, Nancey Murphy, Frank Tipler |
| 28 | 14 | "Will Intelligence Fill This Universe?" | Leon Lederman, Francisco Ayala, Bruce Murray, Frank Tipler, Gregory Benford |
#### Season 1 (2000)
| No. in Series | No. in Season | Episode Title | Featured Guest / Contributor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | "What Are the Grand Questions of Science?" | Neil deGrasse Tyson, Timothy Ferris, Francisco Ayala, Patricia Smith Churchland, Steven Koonin |
| 2 | 2 | "Will the Internet Change Humanity?" | Francis Fukuyama, George Geis, Bart Kosko, Bruce Murray |
| 3 | 3 | "What's Creativity and Who's Creative?" | Stephen J. Cannell, Ray Kurzweil, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Robert Freeman, John Kao |
| 4 | 4 | "New Communities for the New Millennium" | Neil deGrasse Tyson, Bruce Chapman, Barbara Marx Hubbard, Saru Jayaraman, John McWhorter |
| 5 | 5 | "How Did This Universe Begin?" | Leon Lederman, Andrei Linde, Wendy Freedman, Nancey Murphy, Frank Tipler |
| 6 | 6 | "Can We See the Near Future--Year 2025?" | Edward de Bono, Bart Kosko, Edward Feigenbaum, Graham T. T. Molitor, Bruce Murray |
| 7 | 7 | "What is Consciousness?" | James Trefil, David Chalmers, John Searle, Marilyn Schlitz, Fred Alan Wolf |
| 8 | 8 | "Can You Really Extend Your Life?" | French Anderson, Sherwin Nuland, Arthur De Vany, Gregory Stock, Roy Walford |
| 9 | 9 | "Can ESP Affect Your Life?" | James Trefil, Dean Radin, Barry Beyerstein, Marilyn Schlitz, Charles Tart |
| 10 | 10 | "Whatever Happened to Ethics and Civility?" | Bruce Chapman, Saru Jayaraman, John McWhorter, Barbara Marx Hubbard, Richard Mouw |
| 11 | 11 | "How Does Technology Transform Thinking?" | Francis Fukuyama, Marvin Minsky, Bart Kosko, Bruce Murray, George Kozmetsky |
| 12 | 12 | "Strange Physics of the Mind?" | Gregory Benford, James Trefil, David Chalmers, John Searle, Fred Alan Wolf |
| 13 | 13 | "Can Science Seek the Soul?" | Warren S. Brown, Dean Radin, Charles Tart, John Searle, Fred Alan Wolf |
| 14 | 14 | "Does Sex Have a Future?" | Cliff Penner, Joyce Penner, Paul Abramson, Vern Bullough, Gregory Stock | |
68,769,287 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_Michigan_Mines_football_team | 1925 Michigan Mines football team | The 1925 Michigan Mines football team represented the Michigan College of Mines—now known as Michigan Technological University—as an independent during the 1925 college football season. Michigan Mines compiled a 2–1 record. | 2023-08-12T15:26:50 | # 1925 Michigan Mines football team
The **1925 Michigan Mines football team** represented the Michigan College of Mines—now known as Michigan Technological University—as an independent during the 1925 college football season. Michigan Mines compiled a 2–1 record.
## Schedule
| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| October 17 | Calumet | | W 7–0 |
| November 7 | Northern State Normal (MI) | Houghton, MI | L 6–22 |
| November 14 | at Northern State Normal (MI) | Marquette, MI | W 6–0 |
## InfoBox
| 1925 Michigan Mines football | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Independent |
| Record | 2–1 |
| Head coach | |
| Home stadium | Hubbell Field |
| |
62,252,384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Liga_IV_Olt | 2019–20 Liga IV Olt | The 2019–20 Liga IV Olt was the 52nd season of the Liga IV Olt, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. The season began on 24 August 2019 and was ended officially on 16 July 2020, after it was suspended since 9 March 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Petrolul Potcoava was crowned as county champion. | 2021-12-07T12:55:17 | # 2019–20 Liga IV Olt
The **2019–20 Liga IV Olt** was the 52nd season of the Liga IV Olt, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. The season began on 24 August 2019 and was ended officially on 16 July 2020, after it was suspended since 9 March 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Petrolul Potcoava was crowned as county champion.
## Team changes
### Other changes
## League table
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Petrolul Potcoava (C, Q) | 16 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 46 | 13 | +33 | 46 | Qualification to promotion play-off |
| 2 | Oltul Curtișoara | 16 | 14 | 0 | 2 | 65 | 12 | +53 | 42 | |
| 3 | Unirea Radomirești | 16 | 9 | 1 | 6 | 38 | 28 | +10 | | 28 |
| 4 | Viitorul Osica de Jos | 16 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 37 | 35 | +2 | | 28 |
| 5 | Voința Schitu | 16 | 9 | 1 | 6 | 36 | 34 | +2 | | 28 |
| 6 | Viitorul Grădinile | 16 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 31 | 25 | +6 | | 26 |
| 7 | Oltul Slătioara | 16 | 8 | 1 | 7 | 38 | 23 | +15 | | 25 |
| 8 | Voința 2012 Băbiciu | 15 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 35 | 21 | +14 | | 25 |
| 9 | Oltețul Osica | 15 | 8 | 0 | 7 | 29 | 29 | 0 | | 24 |
| 10 | Recolta Stoicănești | 15 | 6 | 1 | 8 | 24 | 20 | +4 | | 19 |
| 11 | Viitorul Rusănești | 16 | 4 | 2 | 10 | 44 | 50 | 6 | | 14 |
| 12 | Valea Oltului Cilieni | 16 | 4 | 0 | 12 | 25 | 49 | 24 | | 12 |
| 13 | Știința Cioflanu | 16 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 30 | 60 | 30 | 11 | Spared from relegation |
| 14 | Viitorul Băleasa | 15 | 2 | 2 | 11 | 17 | 48 | 31 | | 8 |
| 15 | Olt Scornicești | 16 | 2 | 1 | 13 | 20 | 68 | 48 | | 7 |
Updated to match(es) played on 8 March 2020. Source: AJF Olt
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head points; 3) Head-to-head goal difference; 4) Head-to-head goals scored; 5) Head-to-head away goals scored; 6) Goal difference; 7) Goals scored.
(C) Champions; (Q) Qualified for the phase indicated
## Promotion play-off
Champions of Liga IV – Olt County face champions of Liga IV – Teleorman County and Liga IV – Vâlcea County.
### Region 5 (South–West)
#### Group B
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Petrolul Potcoava (OT) (C, P) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | +3 | 6 | Promotion to Liga III |
| 2 | Minerul Costești (VL) (P) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | Possible promotion to Liga III |
| 3 | Unirea Țigănești (TR) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Expelled |
Updated to match(es) played on 9 August 2020. Source: FRF (in Romanian)
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head points; 3) Head-to-head goal difference; 4) Head-to-head goals scored; 5) Head-to-head away goals scored; 6) Goal difference; 7) Goals scored 8) Penalty kicks.
(C) Champions; (P) Promoted
Notes:
| 1 August 2020 | Petrolul Potcoava (OT) | **3–0 (forfeit)** | Minerul Costești (VL) | Bascov |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:30 EEST (UTC+3) | | | | Stadium: Valea Ursului<br>Attendance: 0<br>Referee: Andrei Antonie (Bucharest) |
| 5 August 2020 | Unirea Țigănești (TR) | **0–3 (forfeit)** | Petrolul Potcoava (OT) | Bascov |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:30 EEST (UTC+3) | | | | Stadium: Valea Ursului |
| 9 August 2020 | Minerul Costești (VL) | **3–0 (forfeit)** | Unirea Țigănești (TR) | Bascov |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:30 EEST (UTC+3) | | | | Stadium: Valea Ursului |
### Main Leagues
### County Leagues (Liga IV series)
1. "În weekend, s-a dat startul Ligii a IV-a" \[This weekend, Liga IV started\]. *gazetanoua.ro*. August 27, 2019. Archived from the original on May 30, 2021. Retrieved November 4, 2019.(in Romanian)
2. "Petrolul Potcoava a fost desemnată campioană a judeţului Olt. Liga a IV-a a fost îngheţată" \[Petrolul Potcoava was named champion of Olt County. Liga IV has been frozen\]. *gazetanoua.ro*. Archived from the original on July 12, 2020. Retrieved July 22, 2020.(in Romanian)
3. "ACS Valea Oltului Cilieni, campioană în Liga a V-a" \[ACS Valea Oltului Cilieni, champion in Liga V\]. *gazetanoua.ro*. June 18, 2019. Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved December 24, 2019.(in Romanian)
4. "CSM Slatina a promovat in Liga a 3-a !" \[CSM Slatina promoted to Liga III!\]. *frf-ajf.ro/olt*. June 26, 2019. Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2019.(in Romanian)
5. "Fotbalul renaște în orașul de pe malul Oltului. Slatina are echipă în Liga a III-a" \[Football is reborn in the city on the banks of the Olt. Slatina has a team in Liga III\]. *gazetanoua.ro*. June 22, 2019. Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved December 24, 2019.(in Romanian)
6. "Judeţul Olt va avea două echipe în Liga 3 sezonul 2019-2020, CSM Slatina şi CS Vedița Colonești M.S." \[Olt County will have two teams in Liga 3 2019-2020 season, CSM Slatina and CS Vedița Colonești M.S.\]. *arenaolteana.blogspot.com*. July 4, 2019. Archived from the original on July 19, 2019. Retrieved November 4, 2019.(in Romanian)
7. "Gafă inimaginabilă la Minerul Costeşti: a făcut teste de anticorpi în loc de RT-PCR și pierde singurul meci pe care îl avea la baraj! Petrolul Potcoava promovează în Liga 3 fără să joace" \[Unimaginable blunder at Minerul Costeşti: he did antibody tests instead of RT-PCR and loses the only match he had at the dam! Petrolul Potcoava promotes in League 3 without playing\]. *liga2.prosport.ro*. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2021.(in Romanian)
8. "CS Unirea Țigănești, Noua campioană județeană/Șanse infime de a participa la barajul de promovare" \[CS Unirea Țigănești, New county champion / Slight chances to participate in the promotion dam\]. *teresport.ro*. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2021.(in Romanian)
9. "Datele și condițiile pentru disputarea barajelor de promovare în Liga 3" \[Dates and conditions for the disputes of promotion playoff in Liga 3\]. *frf.ro*. Archived from the original on 22 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
## InfoBox
Liga IV Olt
| Season | 2019–20 |
| --- | --- |
| 2018–19 2021–22 | | |
67,271,489 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Althepus_(mythology) | Althepus (mythology) | In Greek mythology, Althepus was a king of Althepia (Troezen). | 2023-12-11T15:39:03 | # Althepus (mythology)
In Greek mythology, **Althepus** (Ancient Greek: Ἀλθηπίαν) was a king of Althepia (Troezen).
## Family
Althepus was the son of Poseidon and Leis, daughter of Orus, the former king of the land.
## Mythology
Althepus renamed the land Oraea, which he ruled, and called it Althepia. These are the former names of the land about Troezen. In the reign of this king, Poseidon and Athena contended, as at Athens, for the land of the Troezenians, but, through the mediation of Zeus, they became the joint guardians of the country. For this reason they worship both Athena, whom they name both Polias (Urban) and Sthenias (Strong), and also Poseidon, under the surname of King. Hence, a trident and the head of Athena are represented on the ancient coins of Troezen. Althepus was succeeded by Saron.
1. Schmitz, Leonhard (1867). "Althepus". In William Smith (ed.). *Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology*. Vol. 1. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p. 134. Archived from the original on 2008-05-27. Retrieved 2009-08-09.
2. Pausanias, 2.30.5
3. Pausanias, 2.30.6
4. Mionnet, *Suppl*. iv. p. 267.189
5. Pausanias, 2.30.7
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). "Althepus". *Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology*. |
395,530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Port_Arthur | Battle of Port Arthur | The Battle of Port Arthur of 8–9 February 1904 marked the commencement of the Russo-Japanese War. It began with a surprise night attack by a squadron of Japanese destroyers on the neutral Russian fleet anchored at Port Arthur, Manchuria, and continued with an engagement the following morning; further skirmishing off Port Arthur would continue until May 1904. The attack ended inconclusively, though the war resulted in a decisive Japanese victory. | 2024-02-10T12:48:52 | # Battle of Port Arthur
The **Battle of Port Arthur** (Japanese: 旅順口海戦, Hepburn: *Ryojunkō Kaisen*) of 8–9 February 1904 marked the commencement of the Russo-Japanese War. It began with a surprise night attack by a squadron of Japanese destroyers on the neutral Russian fleet anchored at Port Arthur, Manchuria, and continued with an engagement the following morning; further skirmishing off Port Arthur would continue until May 1904. The attack ended inconclusively, though the war resulted in a decisive Japanese victory.
## Background
The opening stage of the Russo-Japanese War began with pre-emptive strikes by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) against the Russian Pacific Fleet based at Port Arthur and at Chemulpo. Admiral Tōgō's initial plan was to swoop down upon Port Arthur with the 1st Division of the Combined Fleet, consisting of the six pre-dreadnought battleships *Hatsuse*, *Shikishima*, *Asahi*, *Fuji*, and *Yashima*, led by the flagship *Mikasa*, and the 2nd Division, consisting of the armored cruisers *Iwate*, *Azuma*, *Izumo*, *Yakumo*, and *Tokiwa*. These capital ships and cruisers were accompanied by some 15 destroyers and around 20 smaller torpedo boats. In reserve were the cruisers *Kasagi*, *Chitose*, *Takasago*, and *Yoshino*. With this large, well-trained and well-armed force, and surprise on his side, Admiral Tōgō hoped to deliver a crushing blow to the Russian fleet soon after the severance of diplomatic relations between the Japanese and Russian governments.
On the Russian side, Admiral Starck had the pre-dreadnought battleships *Petropavlovsk*, *Sevastopol*, *Peresvet*, *Pobeda*, *Poltava*, *Tsesarevich*, and *Retvizan*, supported by the armored cruiser *Bayan* and the protected cruisers *Pallada*, *Diana*, *Askold*, *Novik*, and *Boyarin*, all based within the protection of the fortified naval base of Port Arthur. However, the defenses of Port Arthur were not as strong as they could have been, as few of the shore artillery batteries were operational, funds for improving the defenses had been diverted to nearby Dalny, and most of the officer corps was celebrating at a party being hosted by Admiral Starck on the night of 9 February 1904.
As Admiral Tōgō had received false information from local spies in and around Port Arthur that the garrisons of the forts guarding the port were on full alert, he was unwilling to risk his precious capital ships to the Russian shore artillery and therefore held back his main battle fleet. Instead, the destroyer force was split into two attack squadrons, one squadron with the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd flotillas to attack Port Arthur, and the other squadron, with the 4th and 5th flotillas, to attack the Russian base at Dalny.
Russian Coastal Batteries
| Battery number | 280mm | 254mm | 229mm | 152mm | 57mm |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | | | | 5 | |
| 6 | | | 8 | | |
| 7 | 4 | | | | |
| 9 | | | | 5 | |
| 13 | 6 | | | | 2 |
| 15 | | 5 | | | 2 |
| 16 | | | | 5 | |
| 17 | | | 6 | | 2 |
| 19 | | | | 5 | |
| 21 | | | 6 | | |
| Temporary | | | 2 | 8 | 4 |
| Total | 10 | 5 | 14 | 28 | 10 |
| Planned | 10 | 10 | 44 | 24 | 24 |
## Battle
### Night attack of 8–9 February 1904
At about 22:30 on Monday 8 February 1904, the Port Arthur attack squadron of 10 destroyers encountered patrolling Russian destroyers. The Russians were under orders not to initiate combat, and turned to report the contact to headquarters. However, as a result of the encounter, two Japanese destroyers collided and fell behind and the remainder became scattered. At circa 00:28 on 9 February, the first four Japanese destroyers approached the port of Port Arthur without being observed, and launched a torpedo attack against the *Pallada* (which was hit amidship, caught fire, and sank in shallow water) and the *Retvizan* (which was holed in her bow). The other Japanese destroyers were less successful; many of the torpedoes became caught in the extended torpedo nets which effectively prevented most of the torpedoes from striking the vitals of the Russian battleships. Other destroyers had arrived too late to benefit from surprise, and made their attacks individually rather than in a group. However, they were able to disable the most powerful ship of the Russian fleet, the battleship *Tsesarevich*. The Japanese destroyer *Oboro* made the last attack, around 02:00, by which time the Russians were fully awake, and their searchlights and gunfire made accurate and close range torpedo attacks impossible.
Despite ideal conditions for a surprise attack, the results were relatively poor. Of the sixteen torpedoes fired, all but three either missed or failed to explode. But luck was against the Russians insofar as two of the three torpedoes hit their best battleships: the *Retvizan* and the *Tsesarevich* were put out of action for weeks, as was the protected cruiser *Pallada*.
### Surface engagement of 9 February 1904
Following the night attack, Admiral Tōgō sent his subordinate, Vice Admiral Dewa Shigetō, with four cruisers on a reconnaissance mission at 08:00 to look into the Port Arthur anchorage and to assess the damage. By 09:00 Admiral Dewa was close enough to make out the Russian fleet through the morning mist. He observed 12 battleships and cruisers, three or four of which seemed to be badly listing or to be aground. The smaller vessels outside the harbor entrance were in apparent disarray. Dewa approached to about 7,500 yards (6,900 m) of the harbor, but as no notice was taken of the Japanese ships, he was convinced that the night attack had successfully paralyzed the Russian fleet, and sped off to report to Admiral Tōgō.
Unaware that the Russian fleet was getting ready for battle, Dewa urged Admiral Tōgō that the moment was extremely advantageous for the main fleet to quickly attack. Although Tōgō would have preferred luring the Russian fleet away from the protection of the shore batteries, Dewa's mistakenly optimistic conclusions meant that the risk was justified. Admiral Tōgō ordered the First Division to attack the harbor, with the Third Division in reserve in the rear.
Upon approaching Port Arthur the Japanese came upon the Russian cruiser *Boyarin*, which was on patrol. *Boyarin* fired on the *Mikasa* at extreme range, then turned and retreated. At around 12:00, at a range of about 5 miles, combat commenced between the Japanese and Russian fleets. The Japanese concentrated the fire of their 12" guns on the shore batteries while using their 8" and 6" against the Russian ships. Shooting was poor on both sides, but the Japanese severely damaged the *Novik*, *Petropavlovsk*, *Poltava*, *Diana* and *Askold*. However, it soon became evident that Admiral Dewa had made a critical error; the Russians had recovered from the initial destroyer attack, and their battleships had steam up. In the first five minutes of the battle *Mikasa* was hit by a ricocheting shell, which burst over her, wounding the chief engineer, the flag lieutenant, and five other officers and men, wrecking the aft bridge.
At 12:20, Admiral Tōgō decided to run away and flee. It was a risky maneuver that exposed the fleet to the full brunt of the Russian shore batteries. Despite the heavy firing, the Japanese battleships completed the maneuver and rapidly fled out of range. The *Shikishima*, *Mikasa*, *Fuji*, and *Hatsuse* all took damage, receiving 7 hits amongst them. Several hits were also made on Admiral Kamimura Hikonojō's cruisers as they reached the turning point. The Russians in return had received about 5 hits, distributed amongst the battleships *Petropavlovsk*, *Pobeda*, *Poltava*, and the *Sevastopol*. During this same time, the cruiser *Novik* had closed to within 3,300 yards (3,000 m) of the Japanese cruisers and launched a torpedo salvo. All missed although the *Novik* had received a severe shell hit below the waterline.
## Aftermath
### Outcome
Although the naval Battle of Port Arthur had resulted in no major warship losses, the IJN had been driven from the battlefield by the combined fire of the Russian battleships and shore batteries, thus attributing to them a minor victory. The Russians took 150 casualties to around 90 for the Japanese. Although no ship was sunk on either side, several took damage. However, the Japanese had ship repair and drydock facilities in Sasebo with which to make repairs, whereas the Russian fleet had only very limited repair capability at Port Arthur.
It was obvious that Admiral Dewa had failed to press his reconnaissance closely enough, and that once the true situation was apparent, Admiral Tōgō's objection to engage the Russians under their shore batteries was justified.
The formal declaration of war between Japan and Russia was issued on 10 February 1904, a day after the battle. The attack, conducted against a largely unassuming and unprepared neutral power in peacetime, has been widely compared to the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor.
In 1907, the Second Hague Conference adopted provisions regarding the rights and duties of neutral powers on land and sea, prohibiting nations from committing any acts of hostility against neutral countries or persons as well as requiring that a declaration of war be given before commencing the attack on a targeted party.
### Subsequent naval actions at Port Arthur, February–December 1904
On Thursday 11 February 1904, the Russian minelayer *Yenisei* started to mine the entrance to Port Arthur. One of the mines washed up against the ship's rudder, exploded and caused the ship to sink, with loss of 120 of the ship's complement of 200. *Yenisei* also sank with the only map indicating the position of the mines. The *Boyarin*, sent to investigate the accident, also struck a mine and was abandoned, although staying afloat. She sank two days later after hitting a second mine.
Admiral Togo set sail from Sasebo again on Sunday 14 February 1904, with all ships except for *Fuji*. On the morning of Wednesday 24 February 1904, an attempt was made to scuttle five old transport vessels to block the entry to Port Arthur, sealing the Russian fleet inside. The plan was foiled by *Retvizan*, which was still grounded outside the harbor. In the poor light, the Russians mistook the old transports for battleships, and an exultant Viceroy Yevgeni Alekseyev telegraphed the Tsar of his great naval victory. After daylight revealed the truth, a second telegram needed to be sent.
On Tuesday 8 March 1904, Russian Admiral Stepan Makarov arrived in Port Arthur to assume command from the unfortunate Admiral Stark, thus raising Russian morale. He raised his flag on the newly repaired *Askold*. On the morning of Thursday 10 March 1904, the Russian fleet took to the offensive, and attacked the blockading Japanese squadron, but to little effect. In the evening of 10 March 1904, the Japanese attempted a ruse by sending four destroyers close to the harbor. The Russians took the bait, and sent out six destroyers in pursuit; whereupon the Japanese mined the entrance to the harbor and moved into position to block the destroyers' return. Two of the Russian destroyers were sunk, despite efforts by Admiral Makarov to come to their rescue.
On Tuesday 22 March 1904, *Fuji* and *Yashima* were attacked by the Russian fleet under Admiral Makarov, and *Fuji* was forced to withdraw to Sasebo for repairs. Under Makarov, the Russian fleet was growing more confident and better trained. In response, on Sunday 27 March 1904, Tōgō again attempted to block Port Arthur, this time using four more old transports filled with stones and concrete. The attack again failed as the transports were sunk too far away from the entrance to the harbor.
On 13 April 1904, Makarov (who had now transferred his flag to *Petropavlovsk*) left port to go to the assistance of a destroyer squadron he had sent on reconnaissance north to Dalny. He was accompanied by the Russian cruisers *Askold*, *Diana*, and *Novik*, along with the battleships *Poltava*, *Sevastopol*, *Pobeda*, and *Peresvet*. The Japanese fleet was waiting, and Makarov withdrew towards the protection of the shore batteries at Port Arthur. However, the area had been recently mined by the Japanese. At 09:43, *Petropavlovsk* struck three mines, exploded and sank within two minutes. The disaster killed 635 officers and men, along with Admiral Makarov. At 10:15, *Pobeda* was also crippled by a mine. The following day, Admiral Togo ordered all flags to be flown at half mast, and that a day's mourning be observed for his fallen adversary. Makarov was officially replaced by Admiral Nikolai Skrydlov on 1 April 1904; however, Skrydlov was unable to reach his command due to the Japanese blockade, and remained at Vladivostok overseeing command of the Vladivostok cruiser squadron until recalled to St Petersburg on 20 December.
On 3 May 1904, Admiral Togo made his third and final attempt at blocking the entrance to Port Arthur, this time with eight old transports. This attempt also failed, but Togo proclaimed it to be a success, thus clearing the way for the Japanese Second Army to land in Manchuria. Although Port Arthur was as good as blocked, due to the lack of initiative by Makarov's successors, Japanese naval losses began to mount, largely due to Russian mines. On 15 May, two Japanese battleships, the 12,320-ton *Yashima* and the 15,300-ton *Hatsuse*, sank in a Russian minefield off Port Arthur after they both struck at least two mines each, eliminating one-third of Japan's battleship force, the worst day for the Japanese Navy during the war.
Further naval operations from Port Arthur resulted in two break-out attempts by the Russians. The first was on 23 June 1904, and the second on 10 August, the latter of which resulted in the Battle of the Yellow Sea, which was tactically inconclusive. Afterwards, the Russian fleet did not make any more attempts to break out from their port, while the Japanese fleet dominated the waters for the duration of the war. But mines laid by Russian minelayers were a continuing problem for the IJN and resulted in more losses. On 18 September 1904, the 2,150-ton gunboat *Heien* struck a Russian mine west of Port Arthur and sank. The same fate befell the 2,440-ton cruiser *Saien* on 30 November in the same minefield, and on 13 December, the 4,160-ton cruiser *Takasago* sank in another Russian minefield a few miles south of Port Arthur while giving naval gunfire support to the Japanese armies now besieging the port.
* Sidney Reilly allegedly handed plans of the Port Arthur defenses over to the Japanese. The second episode of the TV miniseries *Reilly, Ace of Spies* (1983) covers the build-up to the Japanese attack on Port Arthur, with the attack itself forming the climax of the episode.
## Bibliography
## Further reading
* Connaughton, Richard (2003). *Rising Sun and Tumbling Bear*. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-36657-9.
* Nish, Ian (1985). *The Origins of the Russo-Japanese War*. Longman. ISBN 0-582-49114-2.
* Sedwick, F. R. (R.F.A.) (1909). *The Russo-Japanese War*. New York: The Macmillan Company.
* Oye, David Schimmelpenninck van der (2001). *Toward the Rising Sun: Russian Ideologies of Empire and the Path to War with Japan*. Northern Illinois University Press. ISBN 0-87580-276-1.
38°46′48″N 121°15′28″E / 38.78005°N 121.25782°E / 38.78005; 121.25782
## InfoBox
| Battle of Port Arthur (naval) | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the Russo-Japanese War | |
| <br>Japanese print displaying the destruction of a Russian ship | |
| Date 8–9 February 1904 Location Near Port Arthur, Manchuria, China Result Inconclusive; see Outcome section | |
| Belligerents | |
| Empire of Japan | Russian Empire |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| | |
| Strength | |
| * 6 pre-dreadnought battleships * 9 armoured cruisers * 15 destroyers * 20 torpedo boats | * 7 pre-dreadnought battleships * 1 armored cruiser * 5 protected cruisers, with escorts |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 90 men and slight damage | * 150 casualties * 7 ships damaged | |
76,748,683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusive_Excellence | Inclusive Excellence | Inclusive Excellence is a strategic framework employed in a variety of organizational settings, including academic institutions, corporate entities, non-profit organizations, and honor societies, to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). Originating in the educational sector, this concept emphasizes the integration of diversity into the core missions and operational strategies of organizations, aiming to foster innovation and enhance outcomes by ensuring all community members are actively engaged and supported. | 2024-04-27T01:15:26 | # Inclusive Excellence
Inclusive Excellence is a strategic framework employed in a variety of organizational settings, including academic institutions, corporate entities, non-profit organizations, and honor societies, to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). Originating in the educational sector, this concept emphasizes the integration of diversity into the core missions and operational strategies of organizations, aiming to foster innovation and enhance outcomes by ensuring all community members are actively engaged and supported.
## Overview
The term "Inclusive Excellence" was popularized by entities like the Association of American Colleges & Universities (AAC&U) in the early 21st century. Moving beyond simple numeric diversity, it advocates for a more comprehensive approach that unequivocally connects diversity with excellence. This framework influences not only policies like admissions and hiring but also everyday interactions, including those within academic honor societies, creating environments where a diverse array of individuals can thrive.
## Principles of Inclusive Excellence
Inclusive excellence revolves around key principles:
**Access and Success:** This involves ensuring equitable access to opportunities for all, including within honor societies, which historically have selective membership criteria that could benefit from more inclusive practices. **Climate and Intergroup Relations:** Fostering a supportive and respectful environment, crucial in settings like honor societies where diverse member interactions enhance the group’s dynamism. **Education and Scholarship:** Incorporating diverse perspectives into curricula and research, which honor societies can lead in their respective academic fields. **Institutional Infrastructure:** Developing structures that support diversity and inclusion at every level, including in the governance of honor societies.
## Implementation
Organizations, including honor societies, implement inclusive excellence through:
**Policy Development:** Modifying policies to enhance equity, such as revising honor society membership criteria to be more inclusive. **Program and Curriculum Development:** Designing programs that reflect and celebrate diversity, which honor societies can adopt to broaden their educational impact. **Outreach and Engagement:** Ensuring a broad range of perspectives are included and valued, a key for honor societies seeking to enrich their membership's experience and representation. **Assessment and Evaluation:** Continually assessing the effectiveness of DEI efforts, crucial for honor societies to remain relevant and impactful in a changing academic landscape.
## Impact
The application of inclusive excellence has proven to positively affect organizational performance and individual satisfaction by creating supportive and innovative environments. For honor societies, embracing these principles helps prepare members for success in a diverse world and ensures that these societies stay relevant and effective.
Inclusive excellence remains a dynamic and evolving approach to diversity and inclusion. As societies grow more diverse, the principles of inclusive excellence are increasingly vital in shaping the future of all institutions, including honor societies, driving them towards a more integrated and strategic effort to harness the benefits of diversity for organizational and educational success.
1. "What is Inclusive Excellence?". *UWLAX*. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
2. "Inclusive Excellence". *William & Mary*. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
3. "UCI of Inclusive Excellence". *UCI*. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
4. "Advancing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion". *aacu.org*. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
5. "How Honor Society Puts Inclusion Over Exclusion: No GPA Requirements". *William & Mary*. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
6. "Race on Campus: 'Inclusive Excellence' Is Everywhere. What Does It Mean?". *chronicle.com*. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
7. "Inclusive Excellence". *CSUSM*. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
8. "Institute for Inclusive Excellence". *Pomona College*. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
9. "Inclusive Excellence and Definitions". *UNL*. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
10. "Inclusive Excellence". *William & Mary*. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
11. "INCLUSIVE EXCELLENCE". *Cal State LA*. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
12. "Inclusive Excellence 3". *HHMI*. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
13. "Committing to Equity and Inclusive Excellence: A Campus Guide for Self-Study and Planning". *AAC&U*. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
14. "INCLUSIVE EXCELLENCE". *NACE*. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
15. "Guidance for Writing Inclusive Excellence Activities Statement". *UCI*. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
16. "Inclusive Excellence in UCLA's Academic Mission". *William & Mary*. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
17. "What Inclusive Excellence Means to College Students". *Best Colleges*. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
18. "The Exclusivity of Inclusive Excellence". *Inside Higher Ed*. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
19. "Toward a Model of Inclusive Excellence and Change in Postsecondary Institutions" (PDF). *DU.edu*. Retrieved 2024-04-26. |
76,657,864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott%27s_Rule | Scott's Rule | Scott's Rule is a method to select the number of bins in a histogram. Scott's rule is widely employed in data analysis software including R, Python and Microsoft Excel where it is the default bin selection method. For a set of n observations x i let f ^ be the histogram approximation of some function f . The Integrated Mean Squared Error (IMSE) is Where E [ ⋅ ] denotes the expectation across many independent draws of n data points. By Taylor expanding to first order in h , the bin width, Scott showed that the optimal width is This formula is also the basis for the Freedman-Diaconis rule. By taking a normal reference i.e. assuming that f is a Normal distribution, the equation for h ∗ becomes where σ is the standard deviation of the Normal distribution and is estimated from the data. With this value of bin width Scott demonstrates that showing how quickly the histogram approximation approaches the true distribution as the number of samples increases. | 2024-04-18T12:21:01 | # Scott's Rule
**Scott's Rule** is a method to select the number of bins in a histogram. Scott's rule is widely employed in data analysis software including , Python and Microsoft Excel where it is the default bin selection method.
For a set of $n$ observations $x\_{i}$ let $\hat {f}(x)$ be the histogram approximation of some function $f(x)$. The Integrated Mean Squared Error (IMSE) is
$$\text{IMSE}=E\left\[\int \_{\infty }^{\infty }dx({\hat {f}(x)-f(x))^{2}\right\]}$$
Where $E\[\cdot \]$ denotes the expectation across many independent draws of $n$ data points. By Taylor expanding to first order in $h$, the bin width, Scott showed that the optimal width is
$$h^{\*}=\left(6/\int \_{-\infty }^{\infty }f'(x)^{2}dx\right)^{1/3}n^{-1/3}$$
This formula is also the basis for the Freedman-Diaconis rule.
By taking a *normal reference* i.e. assuming that $f(x)$ is a Normal distribution, the equation for $h^{\*}$ becomes
$$h^{\*}=\left(24{\sqrt {\pi }\right)^{1/3}\sigma n^{-1/3}\sim 3.5\sigma n^{-1/3}}$$
where $\sigma $ is the standard deviation of the Normal distribution and is estimated from the data. With this value of bin width Scott demonstrates that
$$\text{IMSE}\propto n^{-2/3}$$
showing how quickly the histogram approximation approaches the true distribution as the number of samples increases.
## Terrell–Scott Rule
Another approach developed by Terrell and Scott is based on the observation that, among all densities $g(x)$ defined on a compact interval, say $|x|\<1/2$, with derivatives which are absolutely continuous, the density which minimises $\int \_{\infty }^{\infty }dx(g^{(k)}(x))^{2}$ is
$$f\_{k}(x)={\begin{cases}{\frac {(2k+1)!}{2^{2k}(k!)^{2}(1-4x^{2})^{k},\quad &|x|\leq 1/2\\0&|x|\>1/2\end{cases}}}}$$
Using this with $k=1$ in the expression for $h^{\*}$ gives an upper bound on the value of bin width which is
$$h\_{TS}^{\*}=\left({\frac {4}{n}\right)^{1/3}.}$$
So, for functions satisfying the continuity conditions, at least
$$k\_{TS}={\frac {b-a}{h^{\*}=\left(2n\right)^{1/3}}}$$
bins should be used.
This rule is also called the **oversmoothed rule** or the **Rice rule**, so called because both authors worked at Rice University. The Rice rule is often reported with the factor of 2 outside the cube root, $2\left(n\right)^{1/3}$, and may be considered a different rule. The key difference from Scott's rule is that this rule doesn't assume the data is normally distributed and the bin width only depends on the number of samples, not on any properties of the data.
In general $\left(2n\right)^{1/3}$ is not an integer so $\lceil \left(2n\right)^{1/3}\rceil $ is used where $\lceil \cdot \rceil $ denotes the ceiling function. |
76,287,680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheropsophus_(Bombardier_Beetle) | Pheropsophus (Bombardier Beetle) | Pheropsophus is a type of ground beetle, which is commonly known as the Bombardier beetle. There are hundreds of species of this beetle, including the genera Pheropsophus and Brachinus. They have mostly dark or black body types, but they might have some orange or yellow spots on the abdomen or thorax. Their legs are always yellow, with dark spots on the knees. They have long, distinct antennae that match the color of their legs. They can grow up to a length of 1 inch in size. The taxonomy of the Bombardier beetle has been debated in recent years. The Pheropsophidius, Pheropsophus, and Brachinus genera have been included in the subtribe Pheropsophina but it was later found that the Pheropsophidius genus originated from the Pheropsophus genus. This was caused by the splitting of Africa and South America, which has led to confusion over the taxonomy of the Bombardier beetle. The Pheropsophus is known for its ability to shoot poison spray out of its rectum. This spray is a defense mechanism that the beetles use to kill other insects and to deter predators from coming close to them. The spray is made within their rectums when two chemicals combine to create this explosive poisonous spray. | 2024-03-07T20:18:52 | # Pheropsophus (Bombardier Beetle)
**Pheropsophus** is a type of ground beetle, which is commonly known as the Bombardier beetle. There are hundreds of species of this beetle, including the genera Pheropsophus and Brachinus. They have mostly dark or black body types, but they might have some orange or yellow spots on the abdomen or thorax. Their legs are always yellow, with dark spots on the knees. They have long, distinct antennae that match the color of their legs. They can grow up to a length of 1 inch in size.
The taxonomy of the Bombardier beetle has been debated in recent years. The Pheropsophidius, Pheropsophus (the sister genus of Pheropsophidius), and Brachinus genera have been included in the subtribe Pheropsophina but it was later found that the Pheropsophidius genus originated from the Pheropsophus genus. This was caused by the splitting of Africa and South America, which has led to confusion over the taxonomy of the Bombardier beetle.
The Pheropsophus is known for its ability to shoot poison spray out of its rectum. This spray is a defense mechanism that the beetles use to kill other insects and to deter predators from coming close to them. The spray is made within their rectums when two chemicals combine to create this explosive poisonous spray.
## Habitat
The Pheropsophus can be found anywhere in the world except for Antarctica. They can be typically found in woodlands and grasslands. They like to hide under stones and leaf litter.
## Taxonomy
| Domain | Animalia |
| --- | --- |
| Phylum | Arthopoda |
| Class | Insecta |
| Order | Coleoptera |
| Family | Carabidae |
| Genus | Pheropsophus |
## Taxonomy History
The taxonomy of Pheropsophus has been debated and changed since 1970 between the genera Pheropsophidius and Pheropsophus. The Brachinus and Pheropsophidius genera are both part of the subtribe Pheropsophina. Pheropsophidius is only located in South America and Mexico. Pheropsophus is located in Africa, Asia, and Australia. After research was conducted on both genera, it is believed that the Pheropsophus genus was present in the mid-upper Cretaceous Age. They were present on multiple continents because the supercontinent Pangea had broken apart and was continuing to spread out during this time. Pheropsophidius is believed to have originated in Africa but moved to South America and Mexico. This allowed this genus to evolve differently than the Pheropsophus genus. Pheropsophidius and Pheropsophus are now classified as sister groups under the Pheropsophina subtribe. This means that previously classified Pheropsophidius beetles can now be classified as Pheropsophus beetles. This means that they are present all over the globe, except for Antarctica.
## Life Cycle and Diet
Bombardier beetles prefer to lay their eggs around wet, decaying plants. The eggs are fertilized by a sack of sperm from a male. Once the eggs hatch, the larvae go through molts at different life stages before becoming a full adult. The larvae of certain species of Pheropsophus survive mostly on mole cricket eggs and will not eat if not in a habitat that mimics mole cricket pits. Adults survive for a few weeks, eating young insects and detritus. They are useful for the decomposition of decayed plants in their habitats, which are near moist logs and leaf litter.
## Defense Mechanisms
The defense mechanism of Pheropsophus is the chemical spray they shoot out of their rectums to help them flee from a predator they feel threatened by. There are two different chemicals used to make the explosive spray. These chemicals are hydrogen peroxide and hydroquinone. The two chemicals are separated by two different sacks inside the body until the Pheropsophus feels threatened or a predator is near them. To create the explosive spray the two chemicals are released from the two sacks to combine and become very reactive. The chemical equation for hydrogen peroxide is $\ce {H2O2}$ and the chemical equation for hydroquinone is $\ce {C6H6O2}$. Once the two chemicals combine it forms benzoquinone, oxygen, and water, and is considered an exothermic reaction. The reactions that cause this are hydrogen peroxide: $\ce {2H2O2 -\> 2H2O + O2}$ and hydroquinone: $\ce {C6H6O2}$. The overall reaction that creates the benzoquinone is $\ce {C6H6O2 + H2O2 -\> C6H4O2 + 2H2O}$. This reaction can heat up to about 100<sup>o</sup>C and can make a popping sound while exiting the rectum of the Pheropsophus.
Benzoquinone can lead to small burns and incapacitation for would-be predators. Also, the chemical spray they shoot can cause chemical burns, painful skin, and eye irritation, and can cause dermatitis in humans but it is not fatal to humans in any way. They can create 80 reactions with this chemical spray in four minutes because of the amount of hydrogen peroxide and hydroquinone they create in the sacks. Videos online show how quickly this reaction takes place to keep predators, such as praying mantises, away.
## Evolution and Behavior
Bombardier beetles are classified as winged insects but cannot effectively escape predators using their wings. This is because their wings are covered by a hard shell that has to be moved before they can take flight. These beetles developed their distinct acid spray through evolution to help escape predators. This spray gives them the time they need to use their wings to fly away.
They play both the predator and scavenger role in their environments. They feed on other insects but can also eat detritus, which makes them great for decomposition.
1. Osterloff, E. (n.d.). *Bombardier beetles and their caustic chemical cannon*. Natural History Museum. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/bombardier-beetles-and-their-caustic-chemical-cannon.html#:~:text=There%20are%20hundreds%20of%20species,stones%20in%20woodlands%20and%20grasslands.
2. Fedorenko, D. N. (2013). New species of bombardier beetles of the genera Brachinus and Pheropsophus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachininae) from Vietnam. *Zoosystematica Rossica*, *22*(2), 271-284.
3. National Geographic. (n.d.). *Bombardier Beetles, facts and photos*. Animals. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/facts/bombardier-beetle
4. Brundin, L. (1973). A Reclassification of Bombardier Beetles and a Taxonomic Revision of the North and Middle American Species (Carabidae: Brachinida).
5. Parrow, G., & Dale, A. (2020, September). *a Bombardier beetle: Pheropsophus aequinoctialis (L.) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)*. A Bombardier beetle, pheropsophus aequinoctialis. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/BeneFICIAL/beetles/Pheropsophus\_aequinoctialis.html
6. So, M., Manoukian, S., Helou, A., Davis, J., & Bui, Q.-H. (2002). Cretaceous: Tectonics and Paleoclimate. Retrieved from https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/mesozoic/cretaceous/crettect.html#:~:text=By%20the%20beginning%20of%20the,the%20two%20new%20land%20masses.
7. Ikagawa, R. M., & Moore, W. (2022). Molecular phylogeny and revision of species groups of Nearctic bombardier beetles (Carabidae, Brachininae, Brachinus (Neobrachinus)). *ZooKeys*, *1131*, 155.
8. Erwin, T. L. (1969). A reclassification of bombardier beetles and a taxonomic revision of the North and Middle American species (Carabidae: Brachinida).
9. Moore, W. (2006). *Molecular phylogenetics, systematics, and natural history of the flanged bombardier beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae: Paussinae)*. The University of Arizona.
10. Di Giulio, A., Muzzi, M., & Romani, R. (2015). Functional anatomy of the explosive defensive system of bombardier beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Brachininae). *Arthropod Structure & Development*, *44*(5), 468-490.
11. Bombardier beetle. (2020). Retrieved from https://australian.museum/learn/animals/insects/bombardier-beetle/
12. Praying mantis attacks Bombardier Beetle, gets bombed. (2021). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05a0Ytd81NY
13. Bombardier beetle sprays acid from its rear | life | BBC earth. (2020). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W3sxJNt8CYw
## InfoBox
| Pheropsophus (Bombardier Beetle) | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| This is a Pheropsophus. Commonly known as the Bombardier Beetle. | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Tribe: | Brachinini |
| Genus: | *Pheropsophus* | |
73,500,584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Officers_Movement_(Libya) | Free Officers Movement (Libya) | The Free Officers Movement was a group of Arab nationalist and Nasserist officers in the Libyan Army that planned and carried out the 1969 Libyan coup d'état, which overthrew the Senussi monarchy of King Idris I, ending the Libyan monarchy. It was led by a twelve-member cabinet known as the Revolutionary Command Council, whose chairman was Muammar Gaddafi, which came to govern the Libyan Arab Republic. | 2023-04-08T21:36:55 | # Free Officers Movement (Libya)
The **Free Officers Movement** (Arabic: حركة الضباط الأحرار) was a group of Arab nationalist and Nasserist officers in the Libyan Army that planned and carried out the 1969 Libyan coup d'état, which overthrew the Senussi monarchy of King Idris I, ending the Libyan monarchy. It was led by a twelve-member cabinet known as the Revolutionary Command Council, whose chairman was Muammar Gaddafi, which came to govern the Libyan Arab Republic.
## Background
Since Libyan independence, King Idris's rule was unpopular due to the widespread corruption of his government, regional favoritism, and perceived preference of foreign interests over those of Libyans. The kingdom made little effort in attempting to unite the country and poorly managed Libya's internal affairs. The discovery of significant oil reserves in 1959 and subsequent income from petroleum sales caused the poor nation of Libya to establish a wealthy state, however the nation's wealth was increasingly concentrated in the hands of King Idris and the elite. This led to many Libyans supporting Muammar Gaddafi's coup.
Gaddafi established the Free Officers Movement at the Libyan Royal Military Academy in Benghazi in 1964, a revolutionary group which met secretly. After the Arab defeat in the Six-Day War in 1967, the Free Officers were convinced that the monarchy had to be replaced. They became one of the several groups plotting against the monarchy, succeeding in 1969.
By 1969, the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was expecting parts of the Libyan Armed Forces to launch a coup. Although they claimed that they knew of Gaddafi's Free Officers Movement, they have since ignored it, stating that they were instead monitoring Abdul Aziz Shalhi's Black Boots revolutionary group.
## Coup d'état
In mid-1969, Idris travelled abroad to Turkey and Greece during widespread rumors of a coup by the Shalhi brothers on 5 September. Gaddafi's Free Officers recognized this as their chance to overthrow the monarchy before the Shalhi brothers, initiating "Operation Jerusalem".
On 1 September 1969, a group of about 70 young army officers from the Free Officers Movement and enlisted men mostly assigned to the Signal Corps upsurped the government and abolished the Kingdom of Libya. The coup started in Benghazi and was completed in two hours. Army units quickly reassembled in support of the coup and established military control over Tripoli and in other places across the country within a few days.
The Free Officers occupied airports, police depots, radio stations, and government offices in Tripoli and Benghazi. Gaddafi captured the Barqa barracks in Benghazi, Umar Muhayshi took over Tripoli barracks and Jalloud seized the city's anti-aircraft batteries. Khweldi Hameidi captured the Tripoli radio station and was sent to arrest crown prince Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Sanussi and force him to give up his claim to the throne. The coup was popular among the civilian population, especially younger people. There was no resistance in Cyrenaica and Fezzan and no deaths or injuries were reported.
The Free Officers Movement was headed by a twelve-member cabinet that called itself the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC). This body formed the government after the coup d'état. In its proclamation on 1 September, the Revolutionary Command Council declared the country to be an independent and sovereign state with the name of the Libyan Arab Republic, which would continue "in the path of freedom, unity, and social justice, guaranteeing the right of equality to its citizens, and opening before them the doors of honourable work." They characterised the rule of the Turks and Italians and the "reactionary" government which were overthrown as belonging to "dark ages", from which Libyans were called to move forward as "free brothers" to a new age of prosperity, equality, and honour.
## Ideology
The Free Officers were republicans and were hostile to the monarchy and King Idris because of their social marginalization to many lower and middle-class Libyans. They strongly rejected the policies and principles of King Idris for his corruption and close links with Western nations. After the Six-Day War in 1967, the Free Officers demanded "total political and economic independence from any kind of foreign (non-Arab) influence, direction, control or constraint. They introduced policies that called for social justice, self-determination, Arab nationalism and anti-imperialism. They strongly supported Pan-Arabism and support for Arabs everywhere, as well as Arab socialism. They were also in support of Islamist values and Shari'a.
## Composition
The Free Officers Movement was composed of lower and middle-class Libyans from less prominent tribes who were not affiliated with the Senussi family or other powerful families of Cyrenaica. All but one of them studied at the military academy and did not go to university. The formation of the Free Officers Movement was taken from Gamal Abdel Nasser's example of the Egyptian Free Officers.
## Membership
Major officers of the movement include:
## InfoBox
| Free Officers Movement | |
| --- | --- |
| حركة الضباط الأحرار | |
|
| Founding leader | Muammar Gaddafi |
| Dates of operation | 1964–1969 |
| Active regions | Kingdom of Libya |
| Ideology | Arab nationalism<br>Republicanism<br>Anti-imperialism<br>Pan-Arabism<br>Arab socialism<br>Nasserism |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| Opponents | King Idris |
| Battles and wars | 1969 Libyan coup d'état |
| | | |
76,716,259 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_Again_SU | Not Again SU | 2024-04-23T16:50:32 | # Not Again SU
## Introduction:
The hashtag and student led organization #NotAgainSU began circulating after several racist incidents occurred on the campus of Syracuse University, during the academic course of 2019-2021. Initial reports of racist paraphernalia occurred early November in the dorm buildings of first- and second-year undergraduate students. After nearly a month of daily reports, Syracuse students organized a sit-in where they occupied, and created an elaborate list of 19 demands for Chancellor Kent Syverud to sign. After several protests, some taking place at his persona residence, the list was signed with few revisions on November 21st.
## Demands:
The #NotAgainSU protestors made a list of 19 demands to the University which was later expanded to 34 after Chancellor Kent Syverud signed the initial list. The protestor's demands focus on the improvement of marginalized student experiences on campus as well as improved University wide education on diversity with a specific focus on Anti-Racism.
The protestors called for punishments for the students involved in hate crimes and bias related incidents based on their level of involvement, reform of the SEM100 course now called FYS 101 and mandatory education of faculty and staff on diversity and anti-racism. The demands also included stronger anti-harassment policies, an open forum between the University and students in order for the grievances of marginalized students to be addressed and published updates from the University on their progress in meeting the protestors demands.
In terms of the improvement of the experience of marginalized students on campus, the protestors demanded housing reforms including the prioritization of disabled students in the housing selection process and the use of roommate selection platforms such as My College Roomie in order for students to select roommates of similar backgrounds and interests. They demanded increased funding for counseling services which better represent marginalized students, development of a multicultural center, recognition of Multicultural Greek life and increased financial aid funding for students of color.
The demands also addressed the protestors specific concerns with the administration and Department of Public Safety processes and procedures. These demands included timelier responses to racial incidences on campus and more transparency regarding these incidences. They also demanded an external review of the Department of Public Safety singling out Associate Chief John Sardino in their request. They also demanded the removal of multiple university administration leaders including Chancellor Kent Syverud, Senior VP for Enrollment and Student Experience Dolan Evanovich, DPS Chief Bobby Maldonado, and Deputy Chief John Sardino.
## Bibliography
https://www.syracuse.com/syracuse-university/2019/11/syracuse-university-protesters-to-demand-syveruds-resignation.html
https://www.syracuse.com/syracuse-university/2019/11/syracuse-university-protesters-to-demand-syveruds-resignation.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/27/nyregion/syracuse-university-racism.html
https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/19/us/syracuse-racist-incidents-protests-demands/index.html
https://www.syracuse.com/syracuse-university/2019/11/syracuse-university-chancellor-heres-what-we-know-about-suspects-in-racist-incidents.html
https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/22/us/loretta-lynch-syracuse-university-report/index.html
https://www.syracuse.com/syracuse-university/2020/03/what-do-notagainsu-protesters-want-from-syracuse-university-heres-full-list-of-demands.html#:~:text=The%20protesters%20are%20demanding%20%244,free%20printing%20and%20laundry%20services. |
|
8,307,523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_Airlines_(1976%E2%80%931985) | Empire Airlines (1976–1985) | Empire Airlines was a regional airline serving the Northeastern United States beginning in 1976. Empire accepted an purchase offer from Piedmont Airlines in October 1985, the transaction closed in 1986 and after a brief period, Empire was merged into Piedmont. Piedmont was later merged into USAir in 1989, which in turn bought American Airlines in 2015. Founded by Paul Quackenbush, Empire Airlines began with a base at the Oneida County Airport serving Utica and Rome, New York. Much of its early growth came by picking up routes abandoned by Allegheny Airlines as it concentrated on service to larger cities. Empire expanded throughout the early 1980s to destinations in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states. For a time, Empire aircraft also provided connecting passenger feeder service as a "banner carrier" for Pan American World Airways operating as Pan Am Express at New York–JFK International Airport (JFK). In early 1983, Empire was operating Pan Am Express service with Fokker F28 twin jets between New York-JFK and Buffalo, Ithaca, Rochester, Syracuse and Utica/Rome in New York; Pan Am was operating an international and domestic passenger hub at JFK at the time. Toward the end of its existence Empire announced plans to phase out its Swearingen Metro II turboprop fleet and become an all-jet regional airline. Coinciding with this was a decision to reduce their presence in Utica and relocate their headquarters and most of their operations to Syracuse Hancock International Airport (SYR) which also served as a hub for the airline. | 2006-12-07T01:55:45 | # Empire Airlines (1976–1985)
**Empire Airlines** was a regional airline serving the Northeastern United States beginning in 1976. Empire accepted an purchase offer from Piedmont Airlines in October 1985, the transaction closed in 1986 and after a brief period, Empire was merged into Piedmont. Piedmont was later merged into USAir in 1989, which in turn bought American Airlines in 2015.
Founded by Paul Quackenbush, Empire Airlines began with a base at the Oneida County Airport serving Utica and Rome, New York. Much of its early growth came by picking up routes abandoned by Allegheny Airlines (the future USAir) as it concentrated on service to larger cities. Empire expanded throughout the early 1980s to destinations in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states.
For a time, Empire aircraft also provided connecting passenger feeder service as a "banner carrier" for Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) operating as **Pan Am Express** at New York–JFK International Airport (JFK). In early 1983, Empire was operating Pan Am Express service with Fokker F28 twin jets between New York-JFK and Buffalo, Ithaca, Rochester, Syracuse and Utica/Rome in New York; Pan Am was operating an international and domestic passenger hub at JFK at the time.
Toward the end of its existence Empire announced plans to phase out its Swearingen Metro II turboprop fleet and become an all-jet regional airline. Coinciding with this was a decision to reduce their presence in Utica and relocate their headquarters and most of their operations to Syracuse Hancock International Airport (SYR) which also served as a hub for the airline.
## History
Empire was founded in the 1975 as **Oneida County Aviation**, a small carrier based in Utica. After the passage of the Airline Deregulation Act in 1978, the airline saw potential to grow a hub operation at larger nearby Syracuse using a fleet of 80-seat Fokker F28 Fellowship twin jets and smaller 19-seat Swearingen Metro II propjets. Empire acquired additional F28s from Philadelphia-based Altair Airlines after that airline shut down in 1982. In addition to hub flights at Syracuse, Empire offered direct flights from other medium-sized Mid-Atlantic cities like Rochester and Buffalo to major business centers like New York and Boston. Empire was named Air Transport World Regional Airline of the Year for 1984.
Empire's success attracted the attention of Piedmont Airlines, a pre-deregulation "local service carrier" based in North Carolina. After deregulation, Piedmont expanded into the Northeast, starting with a hub opened at Baltimore–Washington International Airport in about 1982. Piedmont and Empire announced a definitive merger agreement on 2 October 1985, the purchase closed February 1, 1986, and Piedmont merged Empire into itself on 1 May 1986, which resulted in additional Fokker F28 jets being added to the Piedmont fleet. Syracuse joined Baltimore (BWI), Charlotte (CLT), and Dayton (DAY), OH as hubs in Piedmont's system. In about 1987, Piedmont opened an extension to the south concourse at Syracuse Hancock Airport to handle additional growth.
The dominant pre-deregulation local-service carrier in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast, USAir, saw Piedmont's growth into the Northeast as a threat to its lucrative and often previously monopoly routes from medium-size cities such as Rochester, Syracuse and Buffalo. As part of the industry-wide consolidation of 1986–1987, USAir bought Piedmont in 1987. USAir operated Piedmont as a separate unit, including the old Empire Syracuse hub and F28 jets previously operated by Empire and then Piedmont, until Piedmont was completely merged into USAir in August 1989. By the early 1990s the old Empire Airlines hub was gone, its connecting traffic moved mostly to USAir's key hubs in Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. USAir subsequently changed its name to US Airways which in turn was merged into American Airlines in 2015.
## Destinations served
*Those airports marked with an asterisk (\*) are no longer served by commercial air service.*
## Fleet
## InfoBox
Empire Airlines
| | |
| --- | --- |
| IATA ICAO Callsign UR EMP EMPIRE | |
| Founded | 1975 |
| Commenced operations | 22 September 1975 (1975-09-22) |
| Ceased operations | 1 May 1986 (1986-05-01) <br>(merged into Piedmont) |
| Operating bases | Oneida County Airport |
| Hubs | Syracuse, New York |
| Key people | Paul Quackenbush | |
38,028,062 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Edera_(novel) | L'Edera (novel) | L'edera is a novel by Grazia Deledda published in 1908. It was translated into many languages, including an English translation by Mary Ann Freese Witt and Martha Witt with the English title Ivy. The novel is divided into 11 chapters and it has as main characters: Annesa, Ziu Cosiumu, Don Simone, Rachele, Paulu, Gantine, Zua Decherchi and Prete Virdis. An Italian film adaptation also titled L'edera was released in 1950 and directed by Augusto Genina. | 2012-12-26T10:27:09 | # L'Edera (novel)
***L'edera*** (*The Ivy*) is a novel by Grazia Deledda published in 1908. It was translated into many languages, including an English translation by Mary Ann Freese Witt and Martha Witt with the English title *Ivy*.
The novel is divided into 11 chapters and it has as main characters: Annesa, Ziu Cosiumu, Don Simone, Rachele, Paulu, Gantine, Zua Decherchi and Prete Virdis.
An Italian film adaptation also titled *L'edera* (English title *Devotion*) was released in 1950 and directed by Augusto Genina.
1. http://www.italicapress.com/index511.html |
52,381,046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chutnification | Chutnification | Chutnification is the adoption of Indian elements into the English language or culture.
The word “chutnification” was coined by Salman Rushdie in his novel, Midnight’s Children. Chutney is a sauce for a dry base, originating from the Indian subcontinent. Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children is not the first novel to exhibit or employ chutnification. All the post-colonial writers tried this. For example, Chinua Achebe’s seminal trilogy Things Fall Apart, No Longer at Ease, Arrow of God as well as Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s Petals of Blood were written before Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children. | 2016-11-25T19:09:25 | # Chutnification
**Chutnification** is the adoption of Indian elements into the English language or culture. The word “*chutnification*” was coined by Salman Rushdie in his novel, *Midnight’s Children*. Chutney is a sauce for a dry base, originating from the Indian subcontinent.
Rushdie’s *Midnight’s Children* is not the first novel to exhibit or employ chutnification. All the post-colonial writers tried this.
For example, Chinua Achebe’s seminal trilogy *Things Fall Apart, No Longer at Ease, Arrow of God* as well as Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s *Petals of Blood* were written before Rushdie’s *Midnight’s Children*. |
7,871,468 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_Design | Fashion Design | Fashion designers
'Fashion designers work in a variety of different ways when designing their pieces and accessories such as rings, bracelets, necklaces and earrings. Due to the time required to put a garment out in market, designers must anticipate changes to consumer desires. Fashion designers are responsible for creating looks for individual garments, involving shape, color, fabric, trimming, and more. Some clothes are made specifically for an individual, as in the case of haute couture or bespoke tailoring. Today, most clothing is designed for the mass market, especially casual and everyday wear, which are commonly known as ready to wear or fast fashion. Structure
There are different lines of work for designers in the fashion industry. Fashion designers that work full-time for one fashion house, as 'in-house designers', own the designs and may either work alone or as a part of a design team. Freelance designers who work for themselves, sell their designs to fashion houses, directly to shops, or to clothing manufacturers. There are quite a few fashion designers who choose to set up their own labels, which offers them full control over their designs. While others are self-employed and design for individual clients. Other high-end fashion designers cater to specialty stores or high-end fashion department stores. Designing a garment
Fashion designers work in various ways, some start with a vision in their head and later on move into drawing it on paper or computer, while others go directly into draping fabric onto a dress form, also known as a mannequin. The design process is unique to the designer and it is rather intriguing to see the various steps that go into the process. A designer may choose to work with certain apps that are able to help connect all their ideas together and expand their thoughts to create a cohesive design. When a designer is completely satisfied with the fit of the toile, they will consult a professional pattern maker who then makes the finished, working version of the pattern out of card or via a computer program. Finally, a sample garment is made up and tested on a model to make sure it is an operational outfit. Fashion design is expressive, the designers create art that may be functional or non-functional. Ready-to-wear (prêt-à-porter)
Ready-to-wear, or prêt-à-porter, clothes are a cross between haute couture and mass market. They are not made for individual customers, but great care is taken in the choice and cut of the fabric. Clothes are made in small quantities to guarantee exclusivity, so they are rather expensive. Ready-to-wear collections are usually presented by fashion houses each season during a period known as Fashion Week. This takes place on a citywide basis and occurs twice a year. The main seasons of Fashion Week include; spring/summer, fall/winter, resort, swim, and bridal. | 2006-11-10T14:44:36 | # Fashion Design
**Fashion designers** 'Fashion designers work in a variety of different ways when designing their pieces and accessories such as rings, bracelets, necklaces and earrings. Due to the time required to put a garment out in market, designers must anticipate changes to consumer desires. Fashion designers are responsible for creating looks for individual garments, involving shape, color, fabric, trimming, and more. Some clothes are made specifically for an individual, as in the case of haute couture or bespoke tailoring. Today, most clothing is designed for the mass market, especially casual and everyday wear, which are commonly known as ready to wear or fast fashion.
**Structure** There are different lines of work for designers in the fashion industry. Fashion designers that work full-time for one fashion house, as 'in-house designers', own the designs and may either work alone or as a part of a design team. Freelance designers who work for themselves, sell their designs to fashion houses, directly to shops, or to clothing manufacturers. There are quite a few fashion designers who choose to set up their own labels, which offers them full control over their designs. While others are self-employed and design for individual clients. Other high-end fashion designers cater to specialty stores or high-end fashion department stores.
**Designing a garment** Fashion designers work in various ways, some start with a vision in their head and later on move into drawing it on paper or computer , while others go directly into draping fabric onto a dress form, also known as a mannequin. The design process is unique to the designer and it is rather intriguing to see the various steps that go into the process. A designer may choose to work with certain apps that are able to help connect all their ideas together and expand their thoughts to create a cohesive design. When a designer is completely satisfied with the fit of the toile (or muslin), they will consult a professional pattern maker who then makes the finished, working version of the pattern out of card or via a computer program. Finally, a sample garment is made up and tested on a model to make sure it is an operational outfit. Fashion design is expressive, the designers create art that may be functional or non-functional.
**Ready-to-wear (prêt-à-porter)** Ready-to-wear, or prêt-à-porter, clothes are a cross between haute couture and mass market. They are not made for individual customers, but great care is taken in the choice and cut of the fabric. Clothes are made in small quantities to guarantee exclusivity, so they are rather expensive. Ready-to-wear collections are usually presented by fashion houses each season during a period known as Fashion Week. This takes place on a citywide basis and occurs twice a year. The main seasons of Fashion Week include; spring/summer, fall/winter, resort, swim, and bridal. |
76,726,568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Cong_(astronaut) | Li Cong (astronaut) | Lieutenant colonel Li Cong is a Chinese fighter pilot and People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps (PLAAC) taikonaut. | 2024-04-24T15:47:56 | # Li Cong (astronaut)
Lieutenant colonel **Li Cong** (Chinese: 李聪; born October 1989) is a Chinese fighter pilot and People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps (PLAAC) taikonaut.
## Biography
Cong was born in a rural village in Handan, Hebei in October 1989. His family moved to the mining area when he was 5 years old.
He applied for recruitment of Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force Aviation University when he was in third grade of his high school. He graduated from the People's Liberation Army Air Force Aviation University. He was enlisted in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in September 2009 and he join the Communist Party of China (CCP) in June 2011.
Cong once served as the Lieutenant colonel of a flying brigade of the Air Force Aviation Brigade and was second class pilot in the People's Liberation Army Air Force. He participated in the astronaut selection in May 2018 and was selected as a fourth grade astronaut into the People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps in September 2020.
In 2024, he was selected as the crew of Shenzhou 18.
## InfoBox
| Li Cong | |
| --- | --- |
| 李聪 | |
| Born | October 1989 (age 34)<br>Handan, Hebei |
| Status | Active |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Alma mater | PLA Air Force Aviation University |
| **Space career** | |
| PLAAC astronaut | |
| Previous occupation | Fighter pilot, PLAAF |
| Rank | Lieutenant colonel, PLASSF |
| Selection | List of astronauts by year of selection |
| Missions | Shenzhou 18 |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| Chinese name | |
| Simplified Chinese | |
| Traditional Chinese | |
| | |
| | |
| | | |
21,121,675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaa_el-Din_Ahmed_Hussein_el-Akkad | Bahaa el-Din Ahmed Hussein el-Akkad | Bahaa el-Din Ahmed Hussein el-Akkad is an Egyptian former Muslim imam who converted to Christianity. For more than 20 years, el-Akkad is a member of the fundamentalist Islamic group Da'wa el Tabligh, which actively proselytized non-Muslims but strictly opposed violence. He also led a mosque community in Al-Haram in the Giza area adjacent to Cairo. In 1994, he published Islam: The Religion, a 500-page book reviewing the traditional beliefs and dogmas of Islam. He later became disillusioned with Islam and began to question certain Islamic tenets. A theological discourse with a Christian led him to conduct an intensive study of Christian scripture, after which he converted to Christianity in January 2005. On 6 April 2005, el-Akkad was arrested by the Egyptian State Security Intelligence (SSI) on suspicions of blasphemy. He was accused of "insulting the heavenly religion [of Islam]", a misdemeanor under Article 98F of the Egyptian penal code. Although his release by a court in Cairo on 30 July 2006 was issued, the SSI deliberately ignored this decision and transferred el-Akkad to the maximum security Wadi el-Natroun Prison, where the majority of Egyptian Islamists sentenced for anti-government activities are incarcerated. He was finally released from prison on 28 April 2007, after having been held without charges for two years. | 2023-10-11T20:22:57 | # Bahaa el-Din Ahmed Hussein el-Akkad
**Bahaa el-Din Ahmed Hussein el-Akkad** (Arabic: بهاء الدين أحمد حسين العقاد; born 1949) is an Egyptian former Muslim imam who converted to Christianity. For more than 20 years, el-Akkad is a member of the fundamentalist Islamic group Da'wa el Tabligh, which actively proselytized non-Muslims but strictly opposed violence. He also led a mosque community in Al-Haram in the Giza area adjacent to Cairo. In 1994, he published *Islam: The Religion*, a 500-page book reviewing the traditional beliefs and dogmas of Islam. He later became disillusioned with Islam and began to question certain Islamic tenets. A theological discourse with a Christian led him to conduct an intensive study of Christian scripture, after which he converted to Christianity in January 2005.
On 6 April 2005, el-Akkad was arrested by the Egyptian State Security Intelligence (SSI) on suspicions of blasphemy. He was accused of "insulting the heavenly religion \[of Islam\]", a misdemeanor under Article 98F of the Egyptian penal code. Although his release by a court in Cairo on 30 July 2006 was issued, the SSI deliberately ignored this decision and transferred el-Akkad to the maximum security Wadi el-Natroun Prison, where the majority of Egyptian Islamists sentenced for anti-government activities are incarcerated. He was finally released from prison on 28 April 2007, after having been held without charges for two years. |
33,371,697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_Anthems | Battle Anthems | Battle Anthems is a compilation album by American heavy metal band Omen. It was released in 1998 with now-defunct Greek music magazine Metal Invader issue No. 27. The album compiles songs from the first three Omen studio albums. | 2023-12-05T02:36:50 | # Battle Anthems
***Battle Anthems*** is a compilation album by American heavy metal band Omen. It was released in 1998 with now-defunct Greek music magazine *Metal Invader* issue No. 27. The album compiles songs from the first three Omen studio albums.
## Track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Be My Wench" | | 4:03 |
| 2. | "Battle Cry" | J.D. Kimball, Kenny Powell | 3:40 |
| 3. | "Warning of Danger" | | 4:23 |
| 4. | "Don't Fear the Night" | | 5:02 |
| 5. | "Teeth of the Hydra" | Jody Henry, J.D. Kimball, Kenny Powell | 5:58 |
| 6. | "At All Cost" | | 5:25 |
## Personnel
Omen * J.D. Kimball – vocals
* Kenny Powell – guitars
* Steve Wittig – drums
* Jody Henry – bass
## InfoBox
| Battle Anthems | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Compilation album by Omen | |
| Released | January 1998 (1998-01) |
| Recorded | 1984–1986 |
| Genre | Heavy metal |
| Length | 28:30 |
| Omen compilations chronology | |
| *Teeth of the Hydra*<br>(1989) ***Battle Anthems***<br>(1998) *Blood – Steel – Vengeance*<br>(2010) | | |
44,792,185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Women%27s_Kabaddi_World_Cup_(Circle_style) | 2014 Women's Kabaddi World Cup (Circle style) | The 2014 Kabaddi World Championship was the third Kabaddi World Cup held for women.
It was organised by The Government of Punjab It was held at Punjab from 7 to 20 December 2014. Host India won the World Cup defeating New Zealand in the finals. | 2024-01-11T18:55:56 | # 2014 Women's Kabaddi World Cup (Circle style)
The 2014 Kabaddi World Championship was the third Kabaddi World Cup held for women. It was organised by The Government of Punjab It was held at Punjab from 7 to 20 December 2014. Host India won the World Cup defeating New Zealand in the finals.
## Teams
A total of 8 teams took part in the World Cup.
## InfoBox
3rd Kabaddi World Cup (Women)
| Tournament information | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 7 December–20 December |
| Administrator | Government of Punjab |
| Format | Circle style |
| Tournament<br>format(s) | Round-robin and Knockout |
| Host(s) | India |
| Participants | |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | India |
| Runner-up | New Zealand | |
41,429,844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Before_Shane_Went_to_Bangkok:_Live_in_the_USA | Before Shane Went to Bangkok: Live in the USA | Before Shane Went to Bangkok: Live in the USA is the only live music EP by the band fun. It was recorded in 2013 during Fun's North American tour. The name of the EP refers to Fun's guitar tech and photographer Shane Timm. The EP was released December 17, 2013 as a digital download and also as a vinyl bundle including photographs taken during the tour, limited to 1,000 pressings, and was released primarily as a way of thanking the fans for attending the shows. Most notably, the EP contains a previously unreleased track called What the Fuck that was performed only in Fun's live sets. | 2013-12-22T01:37:21 | # Before Shane Went to Bangkok: Live in the USA
***Before Shane Went to Bangkok: Live in the USA*** is the only live music EP by the band fun. It was recorded in 2013 during Fun's North American tour. The name of the EP refers to Fun's guitar tech and photographer Shane Timm. The EP was released December 17, 2013 as a digital download and also as a vinyl bundle including photographs taken during the tour, limited to 1,000 pressings, and was released primarily as a way of thanking the fans for attending the shows. Most notably, the EP contains a previously unreleased track called *What the Fuck* that was performed only in Fun's live sets.
## Track listing
1. "Out on the Town" – 4:35
2. "Barlights" – 8:03
3. "Carry On" – 4:51
4. "What the Fuck" – 6:42
5. "The Gambler" – 5:06
6. "Some Nights" – 4:45
## Personnel
* Nate Ruess – vocals, sampler
* Jack Antonoff – guitar, drums
* Andrew Dost – keyboards, piano, celeste, synthesizer, glockenspiel, background vocals
* Emily Moore – keyboards, acoustic guitar, background vocals
* Will Noon – drums
* Nate Harold – bass
## InfoBox
| Before Shane Went to Bangkok: Live in the USA | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| EP by fun. | |
| Released | December 17, 2013 |
| Recorded | 2013 |
| Genre | |
| Length | 34:02 |
| Label | Fueled by Ramen |
| Fun. chronology | |
| *Some Nights*<br>(2012) ***Before Shane Went to Bangkok: Live in the USA***<br>(2013) | | |
76,711,442 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurvat_sumakah | Hurvat sumakah | Hurvat Sumakah is an archaeological site with ruins of one of the three largest Jewish settlements south of Mount Carmel, during the Roman and Byzantine periods. It is part of the Mount Carmel National Park, south of Daliyat al-Karmel, at an altitude of 350 meters above sea level. Remains of a synagogue, residences, workshops, agricultural facilities and rock-cut tombs were found near the ruins, including one with the Seven Branched Menorah. The origin of the name may be from the tanner's sumach, Visiting the site is limited because it is on the edge of the fire zone of the Israel Defence Forces. | 2024-04-23T04:57:39 | # Hurvat sumakah
**Hurvat Sumakah** is an archaeological site with ruins of one of the three largest Jewish settlements south of Mount Carmel, during the Roman and Byzantine periods. It is part of the Mount Carmel National Park, south of Daliyat al-Karmel, at an altitude of 350 meters above sea level.
Remains of a synagogue, residences, workshops, agricultural facilities and rock-cut tombs were found near the ruins, including one with the Seven Branched Menorah. The origin of the name may be from the tanner's sumach, Visiting the site is limited because it is on the edge of the fire zone of the Israel Defence Forces.
## History
Remains from the Roman and Byzantine periods (2nd - 7th centuries AD), and a few remains from the Crusader and Mamluk periods have been found on the site. The place was abandoned after the Mamluk period.
The ancient site covers an area of 25 dunams. It was already discovered in the 19th century by researchers, including Lawrence Oliphant who lived in nearby Daliyat al-Karmel. A limited excavation was conducted at the site by Heinrich Kohl and Carl Wetzinger, as part of their comprehensive study of synagogues in the Galilee (1905, 1907). However, some of the findings described in the initial surveys were not discovered later, since the site was used as a source for building materials for the nearby Arab settlement Umm al-Zinat (today in the Eliakim area). Remains from the Roman and Byzantine periods (2nd - 7th centuries AD), and a few remains from the Crusader and Mamluk periods were found on the site. The place was abandoned after the Mamluk period.
## Synagogue
The synagogue was located as a basilica-shaped structure, which includes an entrance hall in the east, three openings and a gathering hall. Notched columns and other architectural remains were found at the site. The size of the synagogue building: 19 meters by 15 meters. In the excavations conducted at the site in 1905, a synagogue doorframe was found, on which there is a relief depicting two lions facing each other.
According to the reconstruction, the initial building was destroyed during the 4th century during an unknown event (possibly the Samaritan revolt that happened at that time). After that, the synagogue was rebuilt, until it was abandoned during the 7th century.
## Notched pillars
The site incorporates several dozen long, notched stone pillars serving an unknown purpose; pillars of this type have not been discovered elsewhere except for at the ruin of Umm Daraj (about 2 km to the south). Several pillars of this type were used to restore the synagogue after its first destruction.
## Rock-cut tombs
Several rock-cut tombs are present at the site. The most impressive is called the "Cave of the Lamps" after the Temple Menorah found engraved on both sides of the entrance arch. Another cave found on the site is known as the "Cave of the Bull and the Lion" due to the relief consisting of animals that resemble a bull and a lion in the cave's lintel.
## Agriculture
To the north of the synagogue, a large oil press has been uncovered, consisting of a juicing surface and two weights weighing approximately a ton situated between two vertical rock pillars for fixing the beam of the press. Oil storage basins and a plastered pool have also been found.
There are no springs in the area surrounding the site, so the supply of drinking water and irrigation was based on cisterns. To the east of the oil press, remains of spacious residential buildings equipped with individual cisterns have been found. In addition, a water reservoir still used by shepherds is located at the center of the site. In the opening of the pit, there are notched rope marks indicating previous use.
Furthermore, one of the largest sets of wine presses in Israel has been uncovered 200 meters northwest of the site's centre. The system includes rock surfaces on which the grapes were trodden, hewn basins for sedimentation and filter openings through which the juice passed into a large storage pool, with a volume of 10 cubic metres. Near the winepress is a pit which was used as a winery.
## Industrial buildings
Besides ancient agricultural remains: oil press and huts, possible industrial facilities have been discovered. Zohar Amar has proposed that a tannery and a textile dyeing industry at the site used local plants such as tanner's sumach as raw materials.
North-east of the synagogue is a building of a large workshop, with an area of 250 square meters, the floor is plastered and there are square ponds in it. Small water basins, like troughs, and round pillars with grooves running through them are also visible. Its juices are used for processing leather.It is possible that this workshop, and others like it scattered in the area, were also engaged in the production of dyes such as yellow dye from local flowers. Another industrial facility in the vicinity is a square reservoir, measuring 4 meters by 4 meters and 3 meters deep. In the corner of the pool is a basin for sedimentation and in its ceiling an opening for pumping. Today, it is used by shepherds.
## Salamanders
During the rainy days, the pits are filled with water and animals can be found in them. One of them is one of the well-known tailed amphibians in Israel: in Carmel and the Galilee. In addition, there is the orange salamander: black, lizard-like, with yellow dots on it. During the summer it is hidden because it needs moisture. In the winter, the salamander goes to the water pools where it spawns and returns to land again. The phenomenon according to which she disappears and returns with children, led to the fact that the Druze from the surrounding area mistake her for the natives of thunder and lightning. They call the offsprings "Kalb-el-Moya" - the water dogs, and the salamander "Abu Raflin" - the father of the puddles. After all, she appears suddenly in puddles. The salamander is a protected animal and hunting is prohibited. |
2,759,762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buttress_Nunataks | Buttress Nunataks | The Buttress Nunataks are a group of prominent coastal nunataks, the highest at 635 metres (2,080 ft), lying inland from George VI Sound and 10 miles (16 km) west-northwest of the Seward Mountains, on the west coast of Palmer Land. They were first seen from a distance and roughly surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Riddoch Rymill. They were visited and resurveyed in 1949 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, who gave this descriptive name. | 2022-07-18T03:40:50 | # Buttress Nunataks
The **Buttress Nunataks** are a group of prominent coastal nunataks, the highest at 635 metres (2,080 ft), lying inland from George VI Sound and 10 miles (16 km) west-northwest of the Seward Mountains, on the west coast of Palmer Land. They were first seen from a distance and roughly surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Riddoch Rymill. They were visited and resurveyed in 1949 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, who gave this descriptive name.
72°22′S 66°47′W / 72.367°S 66.783°W / -72.367; -66.783 |
17,315,416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Middle_East_Policy | Center for Middle East Policy | The Center for Middle East Policy is a center for research within the Brookings Institution focused on the United States' involvement in the Middle East. It was founded in May 2002 . | 2023-12-04T23:22:31 | # Center for Middle East Policy
The **Center for Middle East Policy** ("CMEP", formerly the **Saban Center for Middle East Policy**) is a center for research within the Brookings Institution focused on the United States' involvement in the Middle East. It was founded in May 2002 .
## Creation
### Funding
The center was originally named after American-Israeli film and television producer Haim Saban. Saban, according to the center and its parent organization, "made a generous initial grant and pledged additional funds to endow the Center." According to a press release from Saban's charitable foundation, Saban "donated $13 million for the establishment of the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution." Saban, according to the center, ascribed his involvement to his "abiding interest in promoting Arab-Israeli peace and preserving American interests in the Middle East" that led him to fund the center.
### Launch
The center was launched in May 2002 "with a special address by His Majesty King Abdullah II bin al-Hussein of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan to a select audience of policymakers in Washington, D.C."
## People
Leadership * Natan Sachs, Director and Fellow
Fellows
## Criticism
Some critics have charged that various sources of funding for the center have influenced its outlook, but the center has dismissed such allegations, saying that in all cases the donors respected the center's independence.
John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt, in their 2006 article wrote: "To be sure, the Saban Centre occasionally hosts Arab scholars and exhibits some diversity of opinion. Saban Center fellows ... often endorse the idea of a two-state settlement between Israel and the Palestinians. But Saban Center publications never question US support for Israel and rarely, if ever, offer significant criticism of key Israeli policies." Some Saban Center fellows have responded by criticizing the authors' scholarship and expansive definition of "Israel lobby." Martin Indyk stated that their "notion of a loosely aligned group of people that all happen to be working assiduously for Israel is indeed a cabal.... And this cabal includes anyone that has anything positive to say about Israel… And what does this cabal do? It ‘distorts’ American foreign policy, it ‘bends’ it, all these words are used to suggest that this cabal is doing something anti-American.” Another fellow wrote that the authors' book "will pale in comparison \[to other academic works\] because the only way it can become an esteemed classic is if its underlying thesis is correct: that a domestic political lobby drives U.S. policy in the Middle East. If that were true, then the ruckus raised by The Israeli Lobby would establish the book as a classic. But it isn’t true. Domestic politics and lobbying do matter when it comes to matters of tone and timing, but as Aaron David Miller, a veteran American peace-process diplomat, puts it...: “I can’t remember a single decision of consequence American peace process advisers made, or one we didn’t, that was directly tied to some lobbyist’s call, letter, or pressure tactic.”
In a September 17, 2014, article in *Tablet*, Lee Smith criticized the center for accepting substantial donations from the Qatari government, "a foreign government that, in addition to its well-documented role as a funder of Sunni terror outfits throughout the Middle East, is the main patron of Hamas—which happens to be the mortal enemy of both the State of Israel and Mahmoud Abbas’ Fatah party." He suggested that the donations influenced the center's research analysis and Martin Indyk's statements as a State Department official and peace mediator. Brookings responded: "A review of publications and media appearances by our scholars in Doha and in Washington—all of which are available at Brookings.edu—demonstrate the same independence of thinking and objective, fact-based analysis about Qatar as on every other topic of our research. Our agreements with Qatar specifically protect the independence of our scholarship in all respects." Smith thanked the think tank for its response, but said it did "not satisfactorily address the key issues \[his\] article raises."
## InfoBox
Center for Middle East Policy
| Formation | 2002 |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Foreign Policy Think Tank |
| Headquarters | 1775 Massachusetts Avenue NW |
| Location | |
| Director | Natan Sachs |
| Website | brookings.edu/MiddleEast | |
73,413,462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance_Global_Corporate_Security | Reliance Global Corporate Security | Reliance Global Corporate Security also known as Global Corporate Security (GCS), is a private security company which provide enterprise wide security to asset of Reliance Industries Limited and operating in more than 14 countries. It is a subsidiary of Reliance Industries Limited. It is composed of former member of the military and paramilitary forces, law enforcement agencies, intelligence services as well as technical experts. | 2023-03-29T17:07:11 | # Reliance Global Corporate Security
**Reliance Global Corporate Security** also known as **Global Corporate Security (GCS)**, is a private security company which provide enterprise wide security to asset of Reliance Industries Limited and operating in more than 14 countries. It is a subsidiary of Reliance Industries Limited. It is composed of former member of the military and paramilitary forces, law enforcement agencies, intelligence services as well as technical experts.
## History
Reliance Global Corporate Security was founded by Mukesh Ambani on 17 August 1998.
## InfoBox
Reliance Global Corporate Security
|
| |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Industry | Security and Investigations |
| Founded | 17 August 1998 |
| Headquarters | Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India |
| Key people | Mukesh Ambani<br>(Chairman & Managing Director) |
| Services | Security<br>Cyber security<br>Crisis management support<br>Intelligence & vigilance<br>Executive protection <br>Security risk assessments<br>Loss prevention<br>Fraud & misconduct investigations<br>Security technology solutions<br>Employee engagement training<br>Physical security |
| Number of employees | +20,000 |
| Parent | Reliance Industries Limited |
| Website | https://rgsscareers.ril.com/ | |
46,986,988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atitara_(plant) | Atitara (plant) | Atitara is a genus of flowering plants in the family Arecaceae. | 2021-03-10T21:16:48 | # Atitara (plant)
***Atitara*** is a genus of flowering plants in the family Arecaceae.
## Species
## InfoBox
| *Atitara* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Monocots |
| (unranked): | Commelinids |
| Order: | Arecales |
| Family: | Arecaceae |
| Subfamily: | Arecoideae |
| Tribe: | Cocoseae |
| Genus: | ***Atitara***<br>O.F. Cook |
|
| Synonyms | |
| | | |
64,630,065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hap_inc. | Hap inc. | hap Inc. is an independent Japanese video game developer best known for the Mom Hid My Game! series. The company is well-known for its "poorly" English-translated titles. | 2020-07-23T21:03:53 | # hap inc.
**hap Inc.** is an independent Japanese video game developer best known for the *Mom Hid My Game!* series. The company is well-known for its "poorly" English-translated titles.
## History
hap inc. released their first game, 10 Dice, on July 3, 2012, an app where the user rolled dice. On August 8, 2016, hap inc. released *Mom Hid My Game!* for the iOS and Android, which would be the first installment in the series with the same name. Later on January 3, 2017, a sequel to *Mom Hid My Game!* was released, titled *Hidden my game by mom 2*, and a third installment, *Hidden my game by mom 3*, was later released on July 17, 2018.
## Products
* *10 Dice* \- 2012
* *Handris!* \- 2013
* *Crazy Freekick* \- 2014
* *Crazy Pitcher* \- 2014
* *Toast Girl* \- 2014
* *Crazy Horizontal bar* \- 2014
* *Crazy Batting Center* \- 2015
* *Vice captain* \- 2015
* *Nyardle* \- 2015
* *Hide & Dance!* \- 2016
* *Mom Hid My Game!* \- 2016
* *Hidden my game by mom 2* \- 2017
* *My brother ate my pudding* \- 2017
* *Tokimeter* \- 2017
* *Hidden my game by mom 3* \- 2018
* *Mr Success* \- 2018
* *Home Runtaro* \- 2019
* *Home Fighter* \- 2020
## InfoBox
hap Inc.
|
| |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Video games |
| Founded | March 6, 2007 (2007-03-06) |
| Founder | Yuusaka Ishimoto |
| Headquarters | Tokyo, Japan |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Website | app.hap.ne.jp | |
73,096,243 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPL_Philippines_Season_11 | MPL Philippines Season 11 | MPL Philippines Season 11, commonly known as MPL PH was the eleventh iteration of the Mobile Legends: Bang Bang Professional League of the Philippines. Holding the first season for 2023, MPL Philippines began after the recently concluded MLBB M4 World Championship in Jakarta. MPL Philippines will be the direct qualifier tournament for the summer competition Mobile Legends: Bang Bang Southeast Asia Cup 2023 and the Philippines will have two teams to represent the country in the tournament. Previously, RSG Philippines defeated Indonesia's representatives RRQ Hoshi in 2022. The battlecry "Lakas ng Pinas" is still currently used as the official slogan of MPL Philippines Season 11 after being introduced in MPL Philippines Season 9. Defending Champions and MLBB M3 World Champions Blacklist International will be defending their title in the said tournament, hoping to be the first team to repeat twice in different occasions. Previously, Blacklist International won back-to-back championship titles in MPL Philippines Season 7 and MPL Philippines Season 8. They defeated ECHO Philippines in MPL Philippines Season 10 to be the first team in MPL Philippines history to win three championship titles. | 2023-02-21T04:16:07 | # MPL Philippines Season 11
**MPL Philippines Season 11**, commonly known as **MPL PH** was the eleventh iteration of the *Mobile Legends: Bang Bang Professional League of the Philippines*. Holding the first season for 2023, MPL Philippines began after the recently concluded MLBB M4 World Championship in Jakarta.
MPL Philippines will be the direct qualifier tournament for the summer competition Mobile Legends: Bang Bang Southeast Asia Cup 2023 (MSC 2023) and the Philippines will have two teams to represent the country in the tournament. Previously, RSG Philippines defeated Indonesia's representatives RRQ Hoshi in 2022.
The battlecry "Lakas ng Pinas" (Eng: *Strength of the Philippines*) is still currently used as the official slogan of MPL Philippines Season 11 after being introduced in MPL Philippines Season 9.
Defending Champions and MLBB M3 World Champions Blacklist International will be defending their title in the said tournament, hoping to be the first team to repeat twice in different occasions. Previously, Blacklist International won back-to-back championship titles in MPL Philippines Season 7 and MPL Philippines Season 8. They defeated ECHO Philippines in MPL Philippines Season 10 to be the first team in MPL Philippines history to win three championship titles.
## Participating teams
With the establishment of MDL Philippines, it was recently announced that the relegation of teams from the MDL to the MPL and vice versa will now be allowed.
| MPL Philippines Team | MDL Philippines Counterpart |
| --- | --- |
| Blacklist International | Blacklist Academy |
| Bren Esports | Bren X Euphoria Esports |
| ECHO Philippines | ECHO Proud |
| Nexplay Minana | Nexplay EVOS Tiger Cubs |
| ONIC Philippines | ONIC Arsenals |
| RSG Slate Philippines | RSG Ignite |
| Smart Omega | Smart Omega Neos |
| TNC Pro Team - ML | TNC Neo |
| *No MPL Counterpart* | Gamelab |
| | ZOL Esports |
## Roster Changes
### MPL Philippines
Following the conclusion of MPL Philippines Season 10, offseason changes began with the eight franchise teams of MPL Philippines to prepare for Season 11.
| Team | In | Out | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Blacklist International | * Renejay "RENEJAY" Barcase * John Redick "Super Red" Bordeos * Kenneth Carl "Yue" Taledo * Aniel "Master the Basics" Jiandani (as Head Coach) * Dexter Louise "Dex Star" Alaba (as Assistant Coach) | * Kiel Calvin "OHEB" Soriano (relegated: Blacklist Academy) * Salic "Hadji" Imam (inactive) * Kristoffer "BON CHAN" Ricaplaza (inactive) * Mark Jayson "ESON" Gerardo (inactive) * Elrasec "Rada" Ocampo (inactive) * Kent Xavier "KEVIER" Lopez (inactive) | |
| Bren Esports | * Vrendon Consul "VREN" Pesebre Lin (as Assistant Coach) | * Jian Paulo Magno "Pauloxpert" Munsayac * Kenneth "Saxa" Fedelin * Dale Rolan "Stowm" Vidor * Mujahid Usman "Malik" Malik * Vincent "Joy Boy" De Guzman | |
| ECHO Philippines | * Jian Cedric "Jian" Magtibay | * Frediemar "3MarTzy" Serafico * Jaypee Gonzales "Jaypee Dela Cruz (relegated: ECHO Proud) * Jankurt Russel "KurtTzy" Matira (relegated: ECHO Proud) * Jhonville Borres "Outplayed" Villar (relegated: ECHO Proud) * Justine Sadia "Zaida" Palma (relegated: ECHO Proud) | |
| Nexplay EVOS | * Danver "DingDR" Canja * Bien "BoyetDR" Chumecera * Christian "GoyongDR" Martinez * Dominic "DomengDR" Delmundo * Borris James "BruskoDR" Parro * Joshua "Coach Joshy" Alfaro * Jayson Navarro "Coach Isonn" Casidsid | * Naser Ignacio "Dogie" Mollazehi * Emanuel Cervantes "Elpizo" Canderlaria * Mariusz "Donut" Villamero Tan * John Paul Sandueta "H2WO" Salonga * Renejay "Renejay" Barcase * Ken Louie "Kzen" Bermudes Pile * James "Jeymz" Gloria * Karl Mico Tarala "Micophobia" Quitlong * Paolo "Coach Pao" Villanueva * Lance Walter "LanceCy" Cunanan | |
| ONIC Philippines | * Archie "Pancake" Guevarra Jr. | * Ralph "Rapidoot" Adrales (relegated: ONIC Arsenals) | |
| RSG Slate Philippines | * Jann Kirk "Kirk" Solcruz Gutierrez * Salvick Guiyab "Kouzen" Tolarba * John PauL Sandueta "H2WO" Salonga * John Theo Guinto "Coach Theo" Eusebio (As an Assistant Coach) | * Kenneth Jiane "Kenji" Villa * Arvie "Aqua" Antonio (inactive) * Jonard Cedrix "Demonkite" Caranto (inactive) * John Darry "1rrad" Abarquez (relegated: RSG Ignite) * Clarense Jay "Kousei" Camilo (relegated: RSG Ignite) * John "Perkz" Sumawan (relegated: RSG Ignite) * Karl Luigi Terecenio "Coach Giee" Barrientos (inactive) | |
| Smart Omega | | * Joshua Garcia "Ch4knu" Mangilog (inactive) * Billy Jazha "Z4pnu" Alfonso (inactive) * Patrick James "E2MAX" Caidic (relegated: Coach) * Kiel VJ Hernandez "KielVJ" Cruzem (relegated: Smart Omega Neos) * Cesar Jefferson "Amethyst" A. Santos (relegated: Analyst for Smart Omega Neos) | |
| TNC Pro Team - ML | * Kristofer "Hesu" Calderon * Jetson "Goyo" Ignacio * King "K1ngkong" Perez * Kenneth "Saxa" Fedelin * Vincent "Innocent" Banal * Jayson "Riku" Alupit * Robee Bryan "Ninjakilla" Pormocille | * Salman "KingSalman" Macarambon * Shemaiah Daniel "SDzyz" Chu | |
## Venue and competition format
### Venue
Following the easing of restrictions on face-to-face activities in the Philippines, MPL Philippines Season 10 became the first season to be in an all-offline tournament format with sold-out venues and crowds. After a soft-MPL Philippines Season 9 test, MPL Philippines Season 10 and 11 became the first three tournament since the COVID-19 pandemic to be fully opened to the public.
In the official MPL Philippines Season 11 Facebook page, it was announced that the Regular Season will be held at the Shooting Gallery Studios in Makati City's Central Business District.
### Competition format
Similar to its preceding seasons, MPL Philippines Season 11 will follow the Double Round-robin tournament format during the regular season. The double round-robin tournament is a system of matches where competing teams will face each other twice. With eight teams participating, a total of fourteen games will be played. Following the regular season, the playoffs will follow. The playoffs for MPL Philippines Season 11 will follow a Double-elimination tournament. Seeds 1 and 2 will be slated in the Upper-brackets Semifinals while Seeds 3 to 6 will be facing each other in the Quarterfinals to determine the teams who will contest Seeds 1 and 2. During MPL Philippines Season 8, Seeds 3 to 6 were seeded at their respective place, however, during the course of MPL Philippines Season 9, the first-seeded team were able to readjust the seeding positions for each play-in tournament team.
Stage points are distributed accordingly throughout the eight teams. These points will be based on their match performances:
* A team will receive 3 points if they win a 2-0 match against their opponent. The opposing team will receive 0 points.
* A team will receive 2 points if they win a 2-1 match against their opponent. The opposing team will receive 1 point.
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | (-) Bren Esports (Q) | 14 | 11 | 3 | 23 | 9 | +14 | 31 | Qualified for the Upper-Bracket Semifinals |
| 2 | (-) ECHO Philippines (Q) | 14 | 11 | 3 | 23 | 11 | +12 | | 29 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | (-) Blacklist International (Q) | 14 | 8 | 6 | 18 | 14 | +4 | 24 | Qualified for the Play-in Tournament |
| 4 | (-) RSG Slate (Q) | 14 | 7 | 7 | 17 | 16 | +1 | | 22 |
| 5 | (-) ONIC Philippines (Q) | 14 | 6 | 8 | 16 | 19 | 3 | | 19 |
| 6 | (-) Smart Omega (Q) | 14 | 6 | 8 | 15 | 19 | 4 | | 18 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| 7 | (-) Nexplay EVOS (E) | 14 | 4 | 10 | 13 | 22 | 9 | 15 | Eliminated from Playoff Contention |
| 8 | (-) TNC Pro Team - ML (E) | 14 | 3 | 11 | 8 | 23 | 15 | | 10 |
Updated to match(es) played on April 16, 2023. Source: https://ph-mpl.com/data
(E) Eliminated; (Q) Qualified for the phase indicated
### Regular season results
| Team | BLCK | BREN | ECHO | NXPE | OMG | ONIC | RSG | TNC | BLCK | BREN | ECHO | NXPE | OMG | ONIC | RSG | TNC |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Blacklist International | | 0–2 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 0–2 | 2–0 | | 0–2 | 1–2 | 1–2 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 |
| Bren Esports | 2–0 | | 0–2 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | | 2–1 | 2–1 | 2–1 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 1–2 |
| ECHO Philippines | 2–0 | 2–0 | | 2–0 | 2–1 | 2–1 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 1–2 | | 2–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 0–2 |
| Nexplay Minana | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | | 2–0 | 1–2 | 1–2 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 1–2 | 1–2 | | 1–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 2–1 |
| Smart Omega | 0–2 | 0–2 | 1–2 | 0–2 | | 1–2 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 1–2 | 0–2 | 2–1 | | 2–1 | 2–1 | 2–0 |
| ONIC Philippines | 1–2 | 0–2 | 1–2 | 2–1 | 2–1 | | 0–2 | 0–2 | 1–2 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 1–2 | | 2–1 | 2–0 |
| RSG Slate | 2–0 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 0–2 | 2–0 | | 2–0 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 1–2 | 2–0 | 1–2 | 1–2 | | 2–1 |
| TNC Pro Team - ML | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 0–2 | | 2–0 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 1–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 1–2 | |
Updated to match(es) played on 16 April 2023. Source: https://ph-mpl.com/schedule
Legend: Blue = left column team win; Red = top row team win.
## Leaderboards
### Average Kill Ranking
| No. | Name | Team | Kill Average |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Marco "SUPER MARCO" Requitano | Bren Esports | 4.76 |
| 2 | ( 1) Eman "EMANN" Sangco | RSG Slate Philippines | 4.21 |
| 3 | ( 2) Dominic "DomengDR" Delmundo | Nexplay Minana Esports | 4.06 |
| 4 | ( 2) Frederic "Bennyqt" Gonzales | ECHO Philippines | 3.88 |
| 5 | ( 1) Grant Duane "Kelra" Pillas | Smart Omega | 3.76 |
### Average Assists Ranking
| No. | Name | Team | Assist Average |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | ( 1) Rowgien Stimpson "OWGWEN" Unigo | Bren Esports | 8.00 |
| 2 | ( 2) Tristan "YAWI" Cabrera | ECHO Philippines | 7.82 |
| 3 | ( 2) Johnmar "OhMyV33Nus" Villaluna | Blacklist International | 7.75 |
| 4 | ( 1) Dylan Aaron "Light" Poblete Catipon | RSG Slate Philippines | 7.70 |
| 5 | Borris James "DruskoDR" Parro | Nexplay Minana Esports | 6.94 |
### Average KDA Ranking
| No. | Name | Team | KDA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Marco "SUPER MARCO" Requitano | Bren Esports | 6.22 |
| 2 | ( 2) Frince "Super Frince" Ramirez | ONIC Philippines | 6.22 |
| 3 | Frederic Benedict "Bennyqt" Gonzales | ECHO Philippines | 6.04 |
| 4 | Michael Angelo "KyleTzy" Sayson | Bren Esports | 5.84 |
| 5 | ( 3) Kenneth Carl "Yue" Tadeo | Blacklist International | 5.43 |
Source:
### Mid-Season transfers
#### March 17, 2023
Following a committee decision to allow MDL players and MPL players be transferred to each league, Blacklist International Gold Lane Archer "ARCHER" Perez will be relegated to the MDL and Southeast Asian Games Gold Medalist Lee "Owl" Gonzales will be transferred to the official roster.
#### March 31, 2023
Through the caster's announcement, RSG Slate Philippines will be sending their rookie talent Kouzen to MDL Philippines in exchange for Season 9 addition John "1RRAD" Abarquez.
## Playoffs
Following the Regular Season, the playoffs will not immediately begin. A period of rest will be given to every team to prepare for the playoffs.
|
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Play-In Tournament <br>(Best of 5) | | | | | Upper Bracket Semifinals <br>(Best of 5) | | | | | Upper Bracket Finals <br>(Best of 5) | | | | | Grand Finals <br>(Best of 7) | | |
| | || | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | **Match No. 3 (Bo5)** | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | || | | | | | |
| | **Match No. 1 (Bo5)** | | | | | 1 | | Bren Esports | | | 1 || |
| | | | | | | | || | |
| | 3 | Blacklist International | 3 | | | 3 | Blacklist International | 3 | | | | **Match No. 6 (Bo5)** | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | || |
| | 6 | Smart Omega | | | 0 | | | | | | | 3 | Blacklist International | | | 3 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | **Match No. 4 (Bo5)** | | | | | | 4 | RSG Slate PH | 1 | | |
| | | | | | | | || | |
| | | | | | **Match No. 2 (Bo5)** | | | 2 | ECHO Philippines | | 2 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 4 | RSG Slate PH | | | 3 | | | | 4 | | RSG Slate PH | 3 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | **Match No. 8 (Bo7)** | | |
| | 5 | ONIC Philippines | | | | 0 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | 3 | Blacklist International | 0 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | 2 | ECHO Philippines | 4 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Lower Bracket Semifinals <br>(Best of 5) | | | | | Lower Bracket Finals <br>(Best of 5) | | | | | | | |
| | || | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | **Match No. 7 (Bo5)** | | | | || | | |
| | | | | | | || | | |
| | | **Match No. 5 (Bo5)** | | | | | 4 | RSG Slate PH | | | 2 || |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 1 | Bren Esports | | | 1 | | | 2 | | ECHO Philippines | 3 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 2 | ECHO Philippines | | | | | 3 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Following Bren Esports' victory over Nexplay EVOS, the team becomes the first to qualify for the playoffs. This was immediately followed by ECHO Philippines' qualification for the playoffs after defeating ONIC Philippines. This is the first time Bren Esports qualified for the playoffs as the first seed since their championship season in Season 6. ECHO will advance to the playoffs on their eight-consecutive season, marking their playoff appearance as one of the longest for any MPL Team.
### Upper Bracket Semifinals
#### (#3) Blacklist International vs. (#6) Smart Omega & (#4) RSG Slate Philippines vs (#5) ONIC Philippines
Noted as one of the oldest rivalries in the entire league, Blacklist International was slated to face-off Smart Omega in the first round of elimination. Blacklist International were able to sweep Smart Omega in the first round of the playoffs that will match the team against Bren Esports in the Upper Bracket Quarterfinals.
The second match will follow with RSG Philippines versus ONIC Philippines. With both teams facing each other in Season 10 where RSG Philippines swept the yellow porcupines, one team will be eliminated from this match. RSG Philippines were able to sweep the former M3 runners-up to advance to face ECHO Philippines.
| Team 1 | Series | Team 2 | Game 1 | Game 2 | Game 3 | Game 4 | Game 5 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **(#3) Blacklist International** | 3-0 | (#6) Smart Omega | BLCK | BLCK | BLCK |
| **(#4) RSG Slate Philippines** | 3-0 | (#5) ONIC Philippines | RSG | RSG | RSG |
#### (#1) Bren Esports vs. (#3) Blacklist International & (#2) ECHO Philippines vs. (#4) RSG Slate Philippines
Blacklist International faces off the former M2 World Champions of Bren Esports. As the first seed, Bren finished the regular season with 11 wins and 3 losses, seeding them Number 1 in the League, the first time they've been seeded no. 1 since Season 7. Blacklist International previously defeated Smart Omega to hopefully claim their spot in the upcoming MSC Cup in Cambodia. Despite many doubts, Blacklist International were able to fend off a possible reverse sweep from the Hive and defeated Bren Esports in four games, giving them a closer edge to the grand finals where they potentially can repeat as champions.
| Team 1 | Series | Team 2 | Game 1 | Game 2 | Game 3 | Game 4 | Game 5 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (#1) Bren Esports | 1-3 | **(#3) Blacklist International** | BLCK | BLCK | BREN | BLCK |
| (#2) ECHO Philippines | 2-3 | **(#4) RSG Slate Philippines** | RSG | ECHO | ECHO | RSG | RSG |
### Lower Bracket Semifinals
#### (#1) Bren Esports vs (#2) ECHO Philippines
Following both teams' defeats in the Upper Bracket Semifinals to Blacklist International and RSG Slate Philippines, Bren Esports and ECHO Philippines were slated to face each other in the Lower Bracket Finals. Despite the momentum comeback in Game No. 2, ECHO Philippines will eliminate Bren Esports' further playoff contention and will deny them the chance to move on further and represent the country in MSC.
| Team 1 | Series | Team 2 | Game 1 | Game 2 | Game 3 | Game 4 | Game 5 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (#1) Bren Esports | 1-3 | **(#2) ECHO Philippines** | ECHO | BREN | ECHO | ECHO |
### Upper Bracket Finals
#### (#3) Blacklist International vs (#4) RSG Philippines
With both play-in teams going to the upper-bracket finals, RSG Slate Philippines and Blacklist International is set to face-off in a Best of 5 series in the upper-bracket. Despite the hopes of a reverse sweep, Blacklist International will return to MSC since 2021 and is set to repeat their title, defeating RSG Slate Philippines in four games.
| Team 1 | Series | Team 2 | Game 1 | Game 2 | Game 3 | Game 4 | Game 5 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **(#3) Blacklist International** | 3-1 | (#4) RSG Slate Philippines | BLCK | BLCK | RSG | BLCK |
### Lower Bracket Finals
#### (#2) ECHO Philippines vs (#4) RSG Philippines
Following RSG's defeat in the Upper-Bracket Finals, RSG Slate Philippines and ECHO Philippines will have a rematch in the Lower Bracket Semifinals. With the efforts of forcing Game No. 5 before the Grand Finals, ECHO Philippines has set its course to MSC 2023 following the 3-2 victory over RSG Slate PH, denying RSG Slate their trip to MSC and a chance to reclaim their title as MSC champions. ECHO and Blacklist International will be facing each other in the Grand Finals for the second time in two-consecutive seasons.
| Team 1 | Series | Team 2 | Game 1 | Game 2 | Game 3 | Game 4 | Game 5 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (#4) RSG Slate Philippines | 2-3 | **(#2) ECHO Philippines** | ECHO | RSG | ECHO | RSG | ECHO |
### Grand Finals
#### (#3) Blacklist International vs (#2) ECHO Philippines
With the victory over RSG Slate Philippines, ECHO Philippines will have their third rematch against Blacklist International. Previously, Blacklist defeated ECHO in the grand finals of MPL Philippines Season 10 in six games. In M4, ECHO sweeped Blacklist International who were the reigning MLBB M3 World Champions at the time. However, Blacklist International will suffer another 4-0 lost to ECHO Philippines. This will be ECHO Philippines' first title under the "ECHO Philippines" branding after being known as AURA Philippines during Season 6 to 7 before rebranding to the current team name in Season 8.
MPL Philippines Season 11's Grand Finals will become the first Grand Finals sweep by any team in MPL Philippines history.
| Team 1 | Series | Team 2 | Game 1 | Game 2 | Game 3 | Game 4 | Game 5 | Game 6 | Game 7 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (#3) Blacklist International | 0-4 | **(#2) ECHO Philippines** | ECHO | ECHO | ECHO | ECHO |
### MDL Philippines Playoff Bracket
| | Quarterfinals | | | | | Semifinals | | | | | Finals | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | 1A | GameLab Esports | 2 | | | | | | |
| | 3A | Blacklist Academy | 2 | | | 3A | Blacklist Academy | 0 | | |
| | 2A | RSG Ignite | 0 | | | | | | | | 1A | GameLab Esports | 1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | 1B | ECHO Proud | 3 | |
| | | | | | | 1B | ECHO Proud | 2 | | | | | | |
| | 2B | Bren x Euphoria Esports | 2 | | | 2B | Bren x Euphoria Esports | 0 | | | ||
| | 3B | Smart Omega Neos | 1 | | | | | | | | ||
## Final Standings
| Place | Team | RS | PL | UPSF | UPF | LBSF | LBF | GF | Playoff Record | Final Position |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Champions | **ECHO Philippines** | 11-3 | - | 2-3 | - | 3-1 | 3-2 | 4-0 | 12-6 | 1st |
| Runner-Up | Blacklist International | 8-6 | 3-0 | 3-1 | 3-1 | - | - | 0-4 | 9-6 | 2nd |
| 2nd Runner-Up | RSG Slate Philippines | 7-7 | 3-0 | 3-2 | 1-3 | - | 2-3 | - | 9-8 | 3rd |
| 3rd Runner-Up | BREN Esports | 11-3 | - | 1-3 | - | 1-3 | - | | 2-6 | 4th |
| 5th-6th | Smart Omega | 6-8 | 0-3 | - | | | | | 0-3 | 5th-6th |
| | ONIC Philippines | 6-8 | 0-3 | - | | | | | 0-3 | |
| 7th-8th | Nexplay EVOS | 4-10 | *Eliminated from Playoff Contention* | | | | | | | 7th-8th |
| | TNC Pro Team - ML | 3-11 | ||
### Special Fan Awards
The First edition of the special fan awards were held after the Lower Bracket Finals. The awarded awards are listed:
* Freshest Face of the Season
* Most Fashionable Player Award
* Best Content Creator
* Best Sportsmanship Award
* Most Improved Team of the Season
* 3x Most Epic/Creative Gameplay Awards
| Award | Player Name | Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Freshest Face of the Season | Kristof Malcus "Hesu" Calderon | TNC Pro Team - ML |
| Most Fashionable Player Award | Johnmar "OhMyV33Nus" Villaluna | Blacklist International |
| Best Content Creator | Danerie James "Wise." Del Rosario | Blacklist International |
| Best Sportsmanship Award | Ben "Benthings" Maglaque | TNC Pro Team - ML |
| Most Improved Team of the Season | BREN Esports | |
| 3 Most Epic/Creative Gameplay Awards | Redick "Super Red" Bordeos - *"Red for Redemption"* | Blacklist International |
| | Johnmar "OhMyV33Nus" Villaluna - *"Tali ng Pagkakaibigan"* | |
| | Sanford "Sanford" Vinuya - "*Sanford's Backdoor Play"* | ECHO Philippines |
### MPL Philippines Hall of Legends Inductee(s)
Following its introduction in Season 10, a seasonal inclusion of players will be done per season. Blacklist International's Edward Jay "EDWARD" Dapadap was announced as the new member of the Hall of Legends.
## Season Events
* February 25, 2023 - Johnmar "OhMyV33Nus" Villaluna surpasses Jeniel "YellyHaze" Bata-Anon to be the MPL Philippines All-Time Assists Leader (2,266).
* March 1, 2023 - MPL Philippines mourns the loss of former shoutcaster Robbie "Rob Luna" Chester De Luna.
* March 10, 2023 - Johnmar "OhMyV33Nus" Villaluna recorded 100 played matches in MPL Philippines.
* March 18, 2023 - Danerie James "Wise." Del Rosario recorded 100 played matches in MPL Philippines.
* March 26, 2023 - Angelo "Pheww" Arcangel surpasses Joshua "Ch4knu" Mangilog in the all-time MPL Philippines assist list.
* April 14, 2023 - Angelo "Pheww" Arcangel surpasses 2,000 MPL Philippines Assists.
* April 16, 2023 - Karl "KarlTzy" Gabriel Nepomuceno surpasses Earvin "Heath" Esperanza to rank fifth overall in the All-Time Assists Leader of MPL Philippines (1,778).
* April 24, 2023 - MPL Philippines mourns the loss of former boot camp Manager for Nexplay EVOS Charles Dave "Chad" Dela Pena and MDL Head Coach for team RSG Ignite Emmanuel "Coach Navi" Gacho.
1. Rossel, John Dave (13 January 2023). "Mobile Legends Esports Roadmap for 2023 Unveiled". *AFK Gaming*. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
2. "MSC 2023 goes global, adds three new non-SEA regions | ONE Esports". *www.oneesports.gg*. 2023-02-18. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
3. "Kingslayers RSG PH win MSC 2022 with a triumphant grand final sweep | ONE Esports". *www.oneesports.gg*. 2022-06-19. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
4. Micaller, Bea (5 February 2022). "MPL PH Season 9 launches 'Lakas ng Pinas' theme". *GMA News Online*. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
5. "Blacklist International reclaim crown at MPL PH Season 10 | ONE Esports". *www.oneesports.gg*. 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
6. Ronquillo, Ram (2021-06-07). "Blacklist International Crowned MPL-PH Season 7 Champions - Gadget Pilipinas | Tech News, Reviews, Benchmarks and Build Guides". *www.gadgetpilipinas.net*. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
7. Galindo, Daryll. "Blacklist International Becomes Back-To-Back MPL-PH Champions in Season 8". *esports.inquirer.net*. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
8. magazine, adobo (2022-10-25). "Blacklist becomes the first team to score 3 championship titles as it reclaims the MPL Philippines crown". *adobo Magazine Online*. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
9. "MPL PH allows teams to pick up players from MDL counterparts through mid-season transfers". *Manila Bulletin*. 2023-02-11. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
10. "MPL Philippines: Long-time Blacklist player Eson to take a break". *news.abs-cbn.com*. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
11. "OHEB bibida sa Blacklist Academy, ang MDL PH team ng Blackist International | ONE Esports Philippines". *www.oneesports.ph* (in Tagalog). 2023-02-11. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
12. "Hadji Skips MPL Philippines Season 11". *HYPRGAME*. 2023-02-09. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
13. "Blacklist coach to skip MPL Season 11 - Daily Tribune". *Daily Tribune*. 2023-02-13. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
14. "Renejay headlines Blacklist International's season 11 roster | ONE Esports". *www.oneesports.gg*. 2023-02-10. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
15. "Location". *Shooting Gallery Studios*. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
16. Vistek. "Rules - Mobile Legends: Bang Bang Professional League Philippines". *MPL Philippines Season 9*. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
17. Vistek. "Data - Mobile Legends: Bang Bang Professional League Philippines". *MPL Philippines Season 9*. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
18. "MPL PH allows teams to pick up players from MDL counterparts through mid-season transfers". *Manila Bulletin*. Retrieved 2023-03-18.
19. "Facebook". *www.facebook.com*. Retrieved 2023-03-18.
20. *(FILIPINO) MPL-PH S11 Week 7 Day 1*, retrieved 2023-03-31
21. "Facebook". *www.facebook.com*. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
22. "MPL-PH Season 6 Playoffs Story - Bren Esports are the new champion!". *PinoyGamer - Philippines Gaming News and Community*. 26 October 2020. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
23. "Sunsparks Wins Mobile Legends: Bang Bang Professional League - Philippines Season 4". *PinoyGamer - Philippines Gaming News and Community*. 8 October 2019. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
24. "MPL PH's reigning champions are returning as Aura PH | ONE Esports". *www.oneesports.gg*. 2020-08-08. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
25. "GosuGamers". *www.gosugamers.net*. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
26. "Facebook". *www.facebook.com*. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
27. "Facebook". *www.facebook.com*. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
28. Vistek. "MPL PH Playoffs Opens Up With a Famous El Classico - News - Mobile Legends: Bang Bang Professional League Philippines". *MPL Philippines Season 9*. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
29. "Facebook". *www.facebook.com*. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
30. "Facebook". *www.facebook.com*. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
31. Vistek. "The Raiders' Quest to Defend MSC - News - Mobile Legends: Bang Bang Professional League Philippines". *MPL Philippines Season 9*. Retrieved 2023-05-05.
32. "MSC 2023 goes global, adds three new non-SEA regions | ONE Esports". *www.oneesports.gg*. 2023-02-18. Retrieved 2023-05-05.
33. Vistek. "Blacklist International knocked down the Hive down to lower bracket - News - Mobile Legends: Bang Bang Professional League Philippines". *MPL Philippines Season 9*. Retrieved 2023-05-05.
34. "Blacklist International reclaim crown at MPL PH Season 10 | ONE Esports". *www.oneesports.gg*. 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
35. "Code broken: Echo sweeps Blacklist International to capture M4 World Championship crown". *cnn*. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
36. "Aura PH rebrands as Echo". *Spin.ph*. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
37. *(FILIPINO) MPL-PH S11 - Playoffs Day 4*, retrieved 2023-05-07
## InfoBox
MPL Philippines Season 11
| 2023 | |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament information | |
| Game | Mobile Legends: Bang Bang |
| Location | Philippines |
| Date | 17 February (17 February) \- 16 April 2023 (16 April 2023) (Regular Season) <br>4 May (4 May) \- 7 May 2023 (7 May 2023) (Playoffs) |
| Administrator | Moonton <br>Mineski Philippines |
| Tournament<br>format(s) | **2 stages** * Double round-robin<br>(Regular season) * Double-elimination<br>(Playoffs) |
| Venue(s) | 2 in Metro Manila * Shooting Gallery Studios <br>(Regular season) * SMX Manila <br>(Playoffs & Grand Final) |
| Teams | 8 |
| Purse | US$150,000 |
| Website | https://ph-mpl.com/ |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | **ECHO Philippines** |
| 1st runners-up | Blacklist International |
| 2nd runners-up | RSG Slate Philippines |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Rookie of the Season | Kenneth Carl "Yue" Tadeo (Blacklist International) |
| Regular Season MVP | Rowgien "Owgwen" Unigo (BREN Esports) |
| Best Shoutcaster / Analyst | Renmar "Reptar" Santa Cruz (Best English Talent) <br>Caisam Yvez "Wolf" Nopueto (Best Tagalog Talent) |
| | | |
54,104,963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldstone-Apple_Valley_Radio_Telescope | Goldstone-Apple Valley Radio Telescope | The GAVRT Program is a partnership between NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the Lewis Center for Educational Research (LCER). Based in California, GAVRT is an acronym for the Goldstone-Apple Valley Radio Telescope and provides a science investigation program for students K through 12. Students learn how to be part of a science team while they are making a real contribution to scientific knowledge by operating and collecting data on current NASA JPL missions to moons and planets in the Solar System. Using the GoToMeeting platform, students take control of a 34-meter, 500 ton decommissioned NASA radio telescope to collect data for NASA's Jet Propulsion projects. Students collaborate with scientists who are working on the same mission and are recognized as part of the science team. Current campaigns include studying black holes, planets, search for extraterrestrial life (SETI) and helping monitor the health of a space probes such as the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, Cassini-Huygens space probe and the Juno space probe. This provides an opportunity for students to experience real science, to learn that science is an ongoing process, not just memorizing facts. Teacher training and certification is free and is available to all teachers across the world to learn the basics of radio astronomy, and are taught how to control the telescope. Teachers are provided free broad-based, multidisciplinary program curriculum which may be used as is, or individually adapted to fit their classroom environment that meets National Science Education Standards. Ongoing support for Teachers is provided by interactive website, email and phone communications.. Students recognize that they are part of a scientific team and have the opportunity to meet with, ask questions and discuss findings with NASA/JPL scientists and engineers via online communication programs such as SKYPE. Students work together in teams to plan the experiment, assign job responsibilities, collect and analyze the data obtained from the telescope. The radio telescope can be seen to move in real time via a projector. Students collaborate with mission control and take control of the telescope, they can see it move into position real time. | 2019-12-26T08:07:09 | # Goldstone-Apple Valley Radio Telescope
The **GAVRT** Program is a partnership between NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the Lewis Center for Educational Research (LCER). Based in California, GAVRT is an acronym for the **Goldstone-Apple Valley Radio Telescope** and provides a science investigation program for students K through 12. Students learn how to be part of a science team while they are making a real contribution to scientific knowledge by operating and collecting data on current NASA JPL missions to moons and planets in the Solar System.
Using the GoToMeeting platform, students take control of a 34-meter, 500 ton decommissioned NASA radio telescope to collect data for NASA's Jet Propulsion projects. Students collaborate with scientists who are working on the same mission and are recognized as part of the science team.
Current campaigns include studying black holes, planets, search for extraterrestrial life (SETI) and helping monitor the health of a space probes such as the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, Cassini-Huygens space probe and the Juno space probe. This provides an opportunity for students to experience real science, to learn that science is an ongoing process, not just memorizing facts (Lewis, 2017).
Teacher training and certification is free and is available to all teachers across the world to learn the basics of radio astronomy, and are taught how to control the telescope. Teachers are provided free broad-based, multidisciplinary program curriculum which may be used as is, or individually adapted to fit their classroom environment that meets National Science Education Standards. Ongoing support for Teachers is provided by interactive website, email and phone communications. (Lewis, 2017).
Students recognize that they are part of a scientific team and have the opportunity to meet with, ask questions and discuss findings with NASA/JPL scientists and engineers via online communication programs such as SKYPE. Students work together in teams to plan the experiment, assign job responsibilities, collect and analyze the data obtained from the telescope. The radio telescope can be seen to move in real time via a projector. Students collaborate with mission control and take control of the telescope, they can see it move into position real time.
Walker, A. (2009,August 31)
https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/communications/outreach/students/Accordion1\_text.html |
53,655,826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Mordaunt_(Royal_Navy_officer) | Henry Mordaunt (Royal Navy officer) | Henry Mordaunt was a Royal Navy officer and Whig politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons from 1705 to 1710. He commanded a 70-gun ship of the line during the War of the Spanish Succession and being set upon by a superior French force, showed great courage in ensuring that his ship did not fall into enemy hands. | 2024-04-25T16:39:13 | # Henry Mordaunt (Royal Navy officer)
**Henry Mordaunt** (c. 1682 24 February 1710) was a Royal Navy officer and Whig politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons from 1705 to 1710. He commanded a 70-gun ship of the line during the War of the Spanish Succession and being set upon by a superior French force, showed great courage in ensuring that his ship did not fall into enemy hands.
## Early life
Mordaunt was born in about 1682, the youngest son of Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough and his first wife Carey Fraser, daughter of Sir Alexander Fraser, 1st Baronet, of Dores, Inverness. By 1691 he had a role in the Queen's household which he held to 1694. In 1695, he was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Royal Navy.
## Career
Mordaunt was promoted to commander in April 1703. Through the influence of Lord Wharton, he was elected as Whig member for Malmesbury at the 1705 English general election. He was not active in Parliament, due to his frequent absences at sea but was able to support the Court with regard to the 'place clause' in the regency bill on 18 February 1706. In 1706 he was promoted to captain and was given command of HMS *Resolution*, a 70-gun third-rate ship of the line. At the time Britain was at war with France. He was commanding a small squadron of frigates to convoy his father from Spain to Genoa when off the coast of Italy on 19 March 1707 *Resolution* encountered six French vessels, each ranging between 58 and 80 guns. There followed an extended engagement, during which *Resolution* was badly damaged by French cannon fire. Mordaunt ordered the crew to run the ship aground rather than risk her capture by the French; this was achieved and she was subsequently set on fire to prevent her being refloated. The French maintained a continual gunfire on the burning wreck, and Mordaunt was struck in the thigh by a cannonball as he left the vessel. His father reached his destination and returned to England, and was able to obtain a pass for his son to travel home through France. Mordaunt survived the wound but was left unable to walk, and was forced to retire from the Navy.
Mordaunt returned to England in late 1707 and settled in the town of Bath. He was returned again as MP for Malmesbury at the 1708 British general election. He had to attend a court martial in November 1709 for the loss of his ship, but was acquitted of any charges and declared to have shown great courage. He intended to go to sea again but contracted smallpox.
## Death and legacy
Mordaunt died unmarried of smallpox at Bath on 24 February 1710 and was buried in the family vault at Turvey, Bedfordshire.
## InfoBox
| Henry Mordaunt | |
| --- | --- |
| Died | 24 February 1710<br>Bath, Somerset |
| Allegiance | Kingdom of Great Britain |
| Service/branch | Royal Navy |
| Years of service | 1695–1710 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Commands held | HMS *Resolution* |
| Battles/wars | War of the Spanish Succession |
| Relations | Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough (father) | |
2,205,386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watertown_Square_station | Watertown Square station | Watertown Square station is a minor transfer point for MBTA bus services. Two routes terminate at a two-lane bus loop that forms the west side of the square; the 71 was one of four trolleybus routes operated from the Harvard bus tunnel and remains a key bus route. 59: Needham Junction–Watertown Square
71: Watertown Square–Harvard station One additional route passes on the north side of the square on US-20; it serves a westbound stop just north of Watertown Square, and an eastbound stop a block to the west. 70: Market Place Drive or Waltham Center–Central Square, Cambridge Watertown Yard, located 300 feet (91 m) to the south across the Watertown Bridge, is also a bus transfer point. Trolleybus wires for the 71 ran to Watertown Yard, which at times was used as a depot for the trolleybuses. From June through December 1984, the 71 and 70 short turns were extended to Watertown Yard during reconstruction at the square. The city of Watertown plans to reconfigure the square to add public space and support future housing development. Charles River Road and Riverside Street would be rerouted to the east, creating a standard four-way intersection between Main/North Beacon and Galen/Mount Auburn. MBTA routes 59 and 71 would be extended to Watertown Yard, with the "delta" park expanded onto the former busway area. | 2005-07-10T11:03:15 | # Watertown Square station
**Watertown Square station** is a minor transfer point for MBTA bus services. Two routes terminate at a two-lane bus loop that forms the west side of the square; the 71 was one of four trolleybus routes operated from the Harvard bus tunnel and remains a key bus route.
One additional route passes on the north side of the square on US-20; it serves a westbound stop just north of Watertown Square, and an eastbound stop a block to the west.
Watertown Yard, located 300 feet (91 m) to the south across the Watertown Bridge, is also a bus transfer point. Trolleybus wires for the 71 ran to Watertown Yard, which at times was used as a depot for the trolleybuses. From June through December 1984, the 71 and 70 short turns were extended to Watertown Yard during reconstruction at the square.
The city of Watertown plans to reconfigure the square to add public space and support future housing development. Charles River Road and Riverside Street would be rerouted to the east, creating a standard four-way intersection between Main/North Beacon and Galen/Mount Auburn. MBTA routes 59 and 71 would be extended to Watertown Yard, with the "delta" park expanded onto the former busway area.
## Railroad station
The Watertown Branch Railroad opened through Watertown Square in 1847. Passenger service on the line ended on July 9, 1938, and the second track was removed by early 1940. The middle section of the line from the Waltham/Watertown line through Watertown Square to East Watertown was abandoned in 1960. The former Watertown station was reused as a lumber company by 1968, but later demolished.
Media related to Watertown Square at Wikimedia Commons
## InfoBox
| Watertown Square | |
| --- | --- |
| A #71 trolleybus boarding passengers at the start of an inbound trip | |
| General information | |
| Location | Watertown Square, Watertown, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°21′56″N 71°11′08″W / 42.36546°N 71.18564°W / 42.36546; -71.18564 |
| Owned by | Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority |
| Line(s) | MBTA bus: 59, 70, 71 |
| Construction | |
| Accessible | Yes |
| | |
| | |
| | | |
76,738,632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backslide_(single) | Backslide (single) | "Backslide" is a song by American musical duo Twenty One Pilots, released on April 25, 2024, through Fueled by Ramen as the third single of their upcoming seventh studio album, Clancy. It follows previous singles “Overcompensate” and “Next Semester”. | 2024-04-25T17:18:34 | # Backslide (single)
"**Backslide**" is a song by American musical duo Twenty One Pilots, released on April 25, 2024, through Fueled by Ramen as the third single of their upcoming seventh studio album, *Clancy*. It follows previous singles “Overcompensate” and “Next Semester”.
## Composition
"Backslide" is a laid back hip-hop track
## Music video
Its music video, which is the first to be directed by the band’s drummer, Josh Dun, was teased on social media leading up to its release. When we join our hero — dressed casually in black pants a bomber jacket and t-shirt, with the now-ubiquitous Clancy-era rune-covered belt visible underneath — he is pulling up to a convenience store, where he dumps an empty plastic bag into a garbage can before going in and buying another bag of hamburger buns. Not much else happens, other than a Stranger Things-style segment where Joseph appears to be transported to an alternate, dark universe where he rides his bike in a black void amid swirling leaves as well as a quick stop a child’s lemonade stand where the seemingly possessed grade schooler chants lyrics back to the singer. The bike trip ends with Joseph pulling up to Dun’s house as the drummer flips burgers on a grill, only to realize he’s out of buns and has to return to FPE to get another bag as the visual swallows its own tail and goes back to the beginning.
1. Wilson-Taylor, James (April 25, 2024). "Twenty One Pilots Drop New Single 'Backslide' With Josh Dun-Directed Video". *Rock Sound*. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
2. Kaufman, Gil (April 25, 2024). "Twenty One Pilots Drummer Josh Dun Steps Behind the Camera For 'Backslide' Video". *Billboard*. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
## InfoBox
| "Backslide" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Twenty One Pilots | |
| from the album *Clancy* | |
| Released | April 25, 2024 (2024-04-25) |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 3:00 |
| Label | Fueled by Ramen |
| Songwriter(s) | Tyler Joseph |
| Producer(s) | |
| Twenty One Pilots singles chronology | |
| "Next Semester" <br>(2024) "**Backslide**" <br>(2024) | |
| | |
| Music video | |
| "Backslide" on YouTube | |
| | | |
14,531,975 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deloplotela | Deloplotela | Deloplotela is a genus of moth in the subfamily Arctiinae. It contains the single species Deloplotela minuta, which is found on the Tenimbar Islands. | 2022-09-08T10:59:06 | # Deloplotela
***Deloplotela*** is a genus of moth in the subfamily Arctiinae. It contains the single species ***Deloplotela minuta***, which is found on the Tenimbar Islands.
## InfoBox
| *Deloplotela* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Tribe: | Lithosiini |
| Genus: | *Deloplotela*<br>Hulstaert, 1924 |
| Species: | ***D. minuta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Deloplotela minuta***<br>Hulstaert, 1924 | |
| |
29,513,065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doggo_Defile | Doggo Defile | Doggo Defile is a narrow, steep-sided defile, in parts less than 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) wide, cutting through the coastal mountains east of Dee Ice Piedmont, on the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in 1947, and was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1948–50, and 1958. The UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee name is descriptive; the northwest entrance is only partly visible to sledge parties traveling along the coast, and the true nature of the feature is completely hidden by the surrounding mountains. | 2022-04-29T02:50:13 | # Doggo Defile
**Doggo Defile** (68°44′S 66°47′W / 68.733°S 66.783°W / -68.733; -66.783) is a narrow, steep-sided defile, in parts less than 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) wide, cutting through the coastal mountains east of Dee Ice Piedmont, on the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in 1947, and was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1948–50, and 1958. The UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee name is descriptive; the northwest entrance is only partly visible to sledge parties traveling along the coast, and the true nature of the feature is completely hidden by the surrounding mountains (to "lie doggo" is a term meaning to "hide").
This article incorporates public domain material from "Doggo Defile". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey. |
63,867,929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganimedes | Ganimedes | Ganimedes (1978–2006) was a black Westphalian gelding, ridden for Germany by Monica Theodorescu in dressage competitions. During their competition career, the pair won medals at the Olympic Games, World Championships and European Championships, and reached podium several times at the World Cup Finals. Ganimedes was euthanized in 2006. | 2021-01-02T22:07:14 | # Ganimedes
Ganimedes
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|
| Summer Olympics | | |
| | 1988 Seoul | Team dressage |
| World Championships | | |
| | 1990 Stockholm | Team dressage |
| | 1990 Stockholm | Individual dressage |
| European Championships | | |
| | 1989 Mondorf | Team dressage |
| World Cup | | |
| | 1993 Den Bosch | Individual dressage |
| | 1994 Gothenburg | Individual dressage |
| | 1995 Los Angeles | Individual dressage |
**Ganimedes** (1978–2006) was a black Westphalian gelding, ridden for Germany by Monica Theodorescu in dressage competitions. During their competition career, the pair won medals at the Olympic Games, World Championships and European Championships, and reached podium several times at the World Cup Finals. Ganimedes was euthanized in 2006.
## Early life
The black Westphalian gelding was bred in 1978 by August Benning. He was named after Ganymede, a divine hero described as the most beautiful of mortals in Greek mythology. His sire was Grünhorn III and his dam was Finess, while his dam's sire was Fidalgo xx. In 1981, Ganimedes was acquired by Romanian-born dressage trainer George Theodorescu as a future prospect for his daughter Monica.
## Competitive career
Ganimedes and Monica Theodorescu competed in their first and only Olympic Games in 1988 at the Seoul Games. The pair helped the German team to a gold medal, and were also in contention for an individual honor, having placed third in the opening round. Several major mistakes in the final round, however, dropped them to the eventual 6th-place finish. The mistakes were largely attributed to a wandering shadow coming from a roof of the Grand Stand, which spooked at least six horses during the competition.
Following their Olympic debut, Ganimedes and Theodorescu reappeared on the German team for the 1989 European Championships in Mondorf and the 1990 World Championships in Stockholm. Both times they helped the German team to a team gold, while in Stockholm they also managed to reach an individual podium for the first time following a bronze medal performance.
Following a tendon injury, Ganimedes was kept out of the competition for the most of 1991. By the time he recovered, he was faced with a rival in Theodorescu's stables, Hanoverian chestnut Grunox. Grunox went on to be Theodorescu's pick for the Barcelona Olympics, while Ganimedes' competition career from that point on was mostly focused on the World Cup. The pair enjoyed much success in the new environment. They won their premier World Cup title in 1993, which they successfully defended a year later. In 1995, they were the reserve World Cup champions, behind Anky van Grunsven and Bonfire.
In the years of competing with Theodorescu, Ganimedes was known for his copybook extensions and lateral work, exceptional walk and well-centered pirouettes. Conversely, it is believed that a timid piaffe kept them away from the very top during their entire career.
Ganimedes was retired from sport in 1995.
## Legacy
Ganimedes enjoyed 11 years of retirement at Theodorescu's home. In 2006, he was euthanized after experiencing a rapid decline in health. Theodorescu described her partnership with Ganimedes with "I spent half my life together with Ganimedes. It is hard to say what my fondest memory is of him or our greatest success. It is everything together. I have so many wonderful memories."
## InfoBox
| Ganimedes | |
| --- | --- |
| Breed | Westphalian |
| Sire | Grünhorn III (Westphalian) |
| Grandsire | Grünschnabel (Westphalian) |
| Dam | Finess (Westphalian) |
| Maternal grandsire | Fidalgo xx (Thoroughbred) |
| Sex | Gelding |
| Foaled | 1978 |
| Country | Germany |
| Colour | Black |
| Breeder | August Benning | |
27,014,356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatangara | Gatangara | Gatangara is a settlement in Kenya's Central Province. | 2023-01-30T04:48:44 | # Gatangara
**Gatangara** is a settlement in Kenya's Central Province.
## Climate
The climate of Central Province is generally cooler than that of the rest of Kenya, due to the region's higher altitude. Rainfall is fairly reliable, falling in two seasons, one from early March to May (the long rains) and a second during October and November (the short rains).
## InfoBox
| Gatangara | |
| --- | --- |
| GatangaraLocation of Gatangara | |
| Coordinates: 0°43′S 36°57′E / 0.72°S 36.95°E / -0.72; 36.95 | |
| Country | Kenya |
| Province | Central Province |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) | |
76,714,361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maptiler | Maptiler | MapTiler is a Swiss provider of custom online maps for websites and applications such as those created by NASA, IBM, and the BBC. MapTiler started as an open source software product used by libraries to turn digitised paper maps into tiled web maps. By 2018, MapTiler had become a maps API with the capability of providing ad-free personalised maps in both online and offline environments. These developments along with the inclusion of satellite imagery from Sentinel-2 and Airbus led to them being winners of the Airbus Multi-Data Challenge organised as part of the Copernicus Masters 2018. In 2021 MapTiler was providing maps that were being seen by over 300 million people per month and had a multi-million dollar turnover. | 2024-04-23T13:42:26 | # Maptiler
**MapTiler** is a Swiss provider of custom online maps for websites and applications such as those created by NASA, IBM, and the BBC.
MapTiler started as an open source software product used by libraries to turn digitised paper maps into tiled web maps. By 2018, MapTiler had become a maps API with the capability of providing ad-free personalised maps in both online and offline environments. These developments along with the inclusion of satellite imagery from Sentinel-2 and Airbus led to them being winners of the Airbus Multi-Data Challenge organised as part of the Copernicus Masters 2018.
In 2021 MapTiler was providing maps that were being seen by over 300 million people per month and had a multi-million dollar turnover.
## Data sources and technology
The maps provided by MapTiler are created using open data sources, such as OpenStreetMap and ESA, and from purchased proprietary data sources, such as Maxar Technologies.
The original MapTiler software for turning raster images and vector geographical data into map tiles for interactive maps became MapTiler Desktop, later rebranded to MapTiler Engine in October 2022.
MapTiler Cloud is the service that provides maps via API for displaying the maps on the web or in applications. MapTiler also provide a JavaScript SDK, MapTiler SDK, for use with API.
## InfoBox
MapTiler AG
|
| |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Maps |
| Founded | 2018 (2018) |
| Headquarters | Zug, Switzerland |
| Key people | Petr Pridal (CEO) |
| Website | maptiler.com | |
29,099,653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hands_Up!_You%27re_Free | Hands Up! You're Free | Hands Up! You're Free is an album by Dutch anarcho-punk band The Ex compiling the group's three different Peel sessions recorded for BBC Radio 1 during the 1980s. The Ex released the collection on their own label, Ex Records, first on vinyl in June 1988, then on CD in 2003. | 2021-01-15T16:36:31 | # Hands Up! You're Free
***Hands Up! You're Free*** is an album by Dutch anarcho-punk band The Ex compiling the group's three different Peel sessions recorded for BBC Radio 1 during the 1980s. The Ex released the collection on their own label, Ex Records, first on vinyl in June 1988, then on CD in 2003.
## Track list, personnel and recording information
### First Peel session: 1983
#### Songs
* 1. Crap Rap
* 2. U.S. Hole
* 3. Pleased To Meat You
* 4. Scrub That Scum
#### Personnel
* Terrie (guitar)
* G.W. Sok (vocals)
* Yoke (bass)
* Sabien (drums)
* Kees (saxophone)
* Wineke (violin)
* Dolf Planteijdt (guitar)
First Peel Session produced by Roger Pusey
### Second Peel session: 1985
#### Songs
* 5. Choice
* 6. Hands Up! You're Free
* 7. Butter Or Bombs
* 8. Uh-Oh Africa
#### Personnel
* Terrie (guitar)
* G.W. Sok (vocals)
* Luc (bass)
* Kat (drums)
* Tom Greene (guitar)
* Susy Honeyman (violin)
* Jon Langford (singing gardensnake)
Second Peel session produced by Dale Griffin.
### Third Peel session: 1986
#### Songs
* 9. Knock
* 10. Ignorance
* 11. A Job/Stupid
* 12. Business As Usual
#### Personnel
* Terrie (guitar)
* G.W. Sok (vocals)
* John (vocals)
* Luc (bass)
* Kat (drums)
Third Peel session produced by Dale Griffin.
## InfoBox
| Hands Up! You're Free | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Live album by The Ex | |
| Released | June 1988 |
| Genre | Punk rock | |
69,457,625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Charles_Biaudet | Jean Charles Biaudet | Jean Charles Biaudet was a historian, director of the Cantonal and University Library of Lausanne and teacher at the University of Lausanne. | 2024-02-03T10:04:49 | # Jean Charles Biaudet
**Jean Charles Biaudet** (19 February 1910 - 7 August 2000) was a historian, director of the Cantonal and University Library of Lausanne (Bibliothèque cantonale et universitaire de Lausanne, BCU) and teacher at the University of Lausanne.
## Professional background
Biaudet was Vice-rector of the University of Lausanne from 1969 to 1972. He worked in numerous committees and institutions. He was editor of the *Swiss History Review* (1949-1963), a member of Pro Helvetia (1959-1963), Scientific Research Council (1964-1976), International Committee of Historical Sciences (1967-1980), and President of the Vaudois History and Archeology Society (1947-1949), 1957-1959).
Biaudet published with Françoise Nicod, three other volumes (1978, 1979 and 1980) of his correspondence between La Harpe, the tsar Alexander I of Russia and the imperial family of Russia. He published the *History of Lausanne* in 1982, and volume XII, of the *Encyclopédie du Canton de Vaud, La Bibliographie Vaudoise* in 1993.
## Death
As municipal councilor of Chexbres (1965-1977) and honorary Bourgeoisie of Chexbres, Jean Charles Biaudet died on 7 August 2000, at the age of 90, in Cully, Switzerland.
## Publications
## InfoBox
| Jean Charles Biaudet | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 19 February 1910<br>Territet, Montreux, Switzerland |
| Died | 7 August 2000(2000-08-07) (aged 90)<br>Cully, Switzerland |
| Nationality | Swiss |
| Occupation(s) | Historian, Director and teacher | |
49,070,499 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazue_Togasaki | Kazue Togasaki | Kazue Togasaki was one of the earliest women with Japanese ancestry to earn a medical degree in the United States. | 2023-07-03T10:32:46 | # Kazue Togasaki
**Kazue Togasaki** (June 29, 1897 – December 15, 1992) was one of the earliest women with Japanese ancestry to earn a medical degree in the United States.
## Early life
Kazue Togasaki was born on June 29, 1897, in San Francisco, California, to Japanese immigrants, Shige Kushida and Kikumatsu Togasaki. Her father studied law and her mother came from a family of merchants. Togasaki's father's unemployment resulted in her parents opening a store selling Japanese tea, rice, and chinaware. She was the eldest daughter and the second born in a family of nine children. Kazue Togasaki was described by her family as a strong-willed and domineering figure in the household. She planned out her younger siblings’ courses in order to get them on the right track into the medical field. Many of her siblings went on to practice medicine, after she became a doctor. Mitsuye Togasaki Shide (fourth-born sister) and Chiye Togasaki Yamanaka (sixth-born sister) both became registered nurses after obtaining their RN degree, Yoshiye Togasaki (fifth-born sister) and Teru Togasaki (seventh-born sister) both obtained their MD degrees and became physicians, and Yaye Togasaki Breitenbach (eight-born sister) became a psychiatrist for the Veterans Administration. Kazue Togasaki's brothers held careers in politics, journalism and computer science.
Togasaki came from a family of devout Christians; therefore, they regularly welcomed immigrants arriving from Japan and offered them a place in their home. After the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco, Togasaki's mother Shige Kushida turned a church into a hospital. At nine years old, Togasaki along with her siblings helped their mother by translating for immigrant women to doctors. These charitable acts became a norm within the family and was most likely the greatest influence for the daughters in their future careers in medicine.
Togasaki applied to different medical schools; however, at the time, medical schools were highly discriminatory towards women and Japanese Americans. She was accepted at Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania and became one of the first Japanese American women to earn a doctorate of medicine in the United States. She set an example for her sisters, and soon after, her sisters followed in her footsteps and became physicians and registered nurses.
## Education
During her childhood, Kazue Togasaki and her brothers went to an all-Japanese school. Their schooling occurred during widespread school segregation against Japanese Americans, prevalent until the Gentlemen's Agreement in 1907. This agreement served to desegregate schools for Japanese children and limit restrictions placed on Japanese immigrants in exchange for Japan's curtailing of further emigration to the United States. After desegregation, Kazue Togasaki and her brothers continued to face discrimination from other white classmates. Togasaki's higher education began at UC Berkeley for two semesters, later transferring to Stanford in 1920, receiving her bachelor's degree in Zoology. Togasaki worked as a maid for one-year before going into a two-year nursing program. She received her RN degree at the Children's Hospital School of Nursing in 1924; however, due to the discrimination against Japanese nurses, she was unable to work in the hospital where she received her training. When she lost her nursing job, she decided to get another degree in public health at the University of California in 1927. After obtaining her degree in public health, following the outspoken beliefs of her parents, Togasaki decided to apply for medical school and enrolled in a medical school in 1929. Togasaki earned her medical degree from the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1933.
## Career
Kazue Togasaki started her career in the medical field as a nurse; however, due to her parents’ opinions about education, she decided to become a physician instead. She worked as a fundraiser and secretary, and after that studied public health nursing at the University of California for one year, before enrolling in medical school in 1929. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Kazue Togasaki, her father, and most of her siblings, along with other Japanese Americans, were detained by the US government; however, some of Togasaki's siblings were not incarcerated because they were away for work. During World War II she was detained for a month at the Tanforan Assembly Center, and she was asked to start providing medical services, such as administering vaccinations, delivering babies, and more, to other Japanese detainees who were held at the center. While there, she delivered fifty babies and led an all-Japanese-American medical team. She was afterwards sent five times to other assembly and relocation centers (including Topaz, Tule Lake, and Manzanar) before being let out in 1943. In 1947, after World War II, Kazue returned to San Francisco to continue her medical practice. She then opened a medical practice in San Francisco, where she worked until she retired at the age of 75. Togasaki's devotion obstetrics and gynecology has helped built her reputation as a pillar in the Japanese American community, as she never once took days off from work for a vacation. Throughout her career, she has helped deliver thousands of babies.
During her earlier career, she often treated Japanese women, but later on in her career, she began treating a more diverse group of patients. During the time that she had the medical practice, Kazue Togasaki remembered her charitable roots and treated families regardless of their ability to pay. She opened her own home to unwed mothers and terminally ill patients. Togasaki also often invited unwed mothers to stay at her house, delivered their babies, and helped the mothers through the adoption process. She also extended her hands to house Japanese American students who were there to study at the University of California. In 1970, she was recognized as one of the "Most Distinguished Women of 1970" by the *San Francisco Examiner* for all of her good deeds.
Other women of Japanese ancestry that studied medicine in the United States around the same time include: Keiko Okami, who earned her medical degree in 1889, and Megumi Shinoda, who earned her medical degree in 1933.
## Death
She retired from her profession at the age of 75. When Togasaki's memory began to fail her, she persisted for twenty years with Alzheimer's disease before she died on December 15, 1992, at the age of 95. |
76,732,829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_and_the_Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States | China and the Opioid epidemic in the United States | Smuggling of fentanyl from China has been a major contributor to the opioid epidemic in the United States since the 1990s. While China has relatively low domestic drug usage due to stricter drug laws, regulations around the production and export of drug precursors like fentanyl remain relatively lax. The Chinese government has long denied it is the main source of fentanyl to the United States, blaming the U.S. market's role in driving opioid demand, and rebuffing US's attempts for it to enforce regulations, saying it is a US domestic issue. The issue has put a major strain in China–United States relations. | 2024-04-25T02:50:19 | # China and the Opioid epidemic in the United States
Smuggling of fentanyl from China has been a major contributor to the opioid epidemic in the United States since the 1990s. While China has relatively low domestic drug usage due to stricter drug laws, regulations around the production and export of drug precursors like fentanyl remain relatively lax. The Chinese government has long denied it is the main source of fentanyl to the United States, blaming the U.S. market's role in driving opioid demand, and rebuffing US's attempts for it to enforce regulations, saying it is a US domestic issue. The issue has put a major strain in China–United States relations.
## History
### China as a source
For years, China has been the primary source of fentanyl and its derivatives imported into the United States. A March 2019 investigative report by the Washington Post titled "The Fentanyl Failure" found that the Obama administration failed to grasp the role Chinese producers played in the fentanyl crisis and the magnitude of the epidemic itself. According to Canadian authorities, Fentanyl importers have been linked to a Chinese mainland criminal gang known as the Big Circle Boys, which reportedly corrupts officials in Southern China.
In 2018, deputy head of China's National Narcotics Commission Liu Yuejin criticized the U.S. market's role in driving opioid demand.
### Trump administration efforts
In September 2018, U.S. President Donald Trump said he would ask Chinese leader Xi Jinping, in their planned December 1st meeting at the G20 summit, for China to add fentanyl to a "restricted category" of drugs. In their meeting, President Xi reportedly pledged to designate fentanyl a controlled substance in China, in what was described as an unprecedented move signaling China's willingness to cooperate with the United States on restricting the flow of the synthetic drugs. Trump declared it a "game changer". and US treasury secretary Steve Mnuchin called it a "very, very big deal."
After a dinner at the 2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit that also led to a temporary truce in the ongoing trade war between the two nations, President Donald Trump praised Chinese President Xi Jinping's pledge to strengthen China's efforts to curb fentanyl exports to the U.S. In a subsequent statement, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi detailed that the agreement includes stricter supervision and regulatory revisions concerning fentanyl, alongside improved collaboration with U.S. law enforcement.
Six months later, China said it would place a blanket ban on fentanyl-related substances and variants May 1st, and U.S. and Chinese negotiators met in Beijing and Washington to hammer out a deal to present to Presidents Xi and Trump.In a press conference announcing the new regulations, Liu Yuejin of the China National Narcotics Control Commission (NNCC) said the U.S. concerns about unregulated production and export were "resolved, all resolved", reiterating the Chinese government's long-standing position that U.S. drug culture and overprescription by doctors were to blame for the crisis, saying that contrary to U.S. law enforcement allegations, opioid shipments from China to the United States were "extremely limited".
In August 2019, Trump accused Xi of failing to meet his promise to stop the sale of fentanyl to the United States, after months of praising Xi for his pledges, and announcing a new round of tariffs after failed U.S.-China trade talks. In September 2019, Liu Yuejin of the NNCC that China and the United States had only "limited" cooperation in stopping fentanyl smuggling, reiterating previous denials that China is the primary source of fentanyl smuggled into the United States, saying "what Trump said is completely groundless and untrue".
In November 2019, the NNCC held a press conference about a joint operation between US and Chinese authorities cracking down on fentanyl smugglers.
According to a 2020 report from the United States Drug Enforcement Administration, fentanyl shipments into the U.S. dropped since the ban.
### Shift to Mexico
In a report published by The Wire China, the redirection of fentanyl production to Latin America, particularly Mexico, marked a significant evolution in drug trafficking dynamics. According to a 2020 DEA intelligence report on fentanyl flow to the United States, China has strategically shifted its opiate smuggling operations to South America in recent years, capitalizing on the region's extensive networks and porous borders. This move comes as a response to heightened global scrutiny and crackdowns on drug trafficking originating from China. Leveraging its economic and diplomatic ties with various South American countries, China has established clandestine routes and partnerships with local criminal organizations to facilitate the transportation of opiates, including heroin and synthetic opioids, to international markets. This shift not only allows China to evade detection and law enforcement efforts targeting its traditional smuggling routes but also enables it to diversify its illicit activities while maintaining a significant presence in the global drug trade.
On May 6, 2023, Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador announced that Mexico has evidence of fentanyl shipments from China, following the interception of a container at the Pacific port of Lázaro Cárdenas, and reiterated requests for Chinese cooperation to halt these illegal deliveries.
On October 3, 2023, roadside banners in Sinaloa, allegedly signed by *Los Chapitos*, the sons of former drug lord Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman, declared a ban on the production, sale, and transportation of fentanyl within the state, although analysts remained skeptical of the group's commitment to ceasing such a lucrative trade.
### US sanctions Chinese and Mexican companies
On May 30, 2023, The U.S. US Treasury Department imposed sanctions on over a dozen Chinese and Mexican companies, accusing them of providing equipment for manufacturing counterfeit fentanyl-laced pills, a key factor in America's opioid crisis.
On June 23, 2023, the U.S. Justice Department initiated criminal proceedings against four Chinese chemical manufacturing companies and eight individuals, accusing them of illegally trafficking the precursor chemicals necessary for producing fentanyl. This marked the first instance where the U.S. sought to legally address the role of Chinese suppliers in the fentanyl epidemic. The charges, outlined by Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco, represented a pivotal shift in U.S. strategy, focusing on disrupting the supply chain of precursor chemicals at its source, amid broader efforts to combat the synthetic opioid crisis.
On October 3, 2023, the U.S. Treasury imposed sanctions on 25 Chinese individuals and entities linked to fentanyl production and distribution, alongside sanctions against Canadian entities involved in importing drug-making chemicals. These actions, coupled with a series of indictments by the Department of Justice against Chinese groups and executives, highlight a concerted U.S. strategy to dismantle the global supply chain of synthetic opioids, particularly fentanyl. China criticised the sanctions as detrimental to bilateral anti-narcotics collaboration, amid broader geopolitical tensions affecting negotiations.
### Biden administration era and Blinken, Yellen visits to China
In a report on July 7 2013, the Biden administration was said to be intensifying efforts to engage China in combating the fentanyl crisis affecting the U.S., amidst broader geopolitical strains that have hindered collaborative drug interdiction efforts.Despite previous cooperation and China's 2019 ban on all fentanyl variants, geopolitical tensions over issues such as trade, human rights, and regional security have stalled progress, with the U.S. accusing China of inadequate control over fentanyl precursor chemicals.
On a visit to Beijing on June 18, 2023, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken reportedly sought China's cooperation in curbing the production of fentanyl precursors during discussions that touched on various contentious issues. Blinken's diplomatic outreach aimed to restart cooperation, which had stalled due to geopolitical tensions and disagreements over drug trafficking responsibilities.
In a subsequent visit on July 6-9, US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen to Beijing aimed at stabilising the strained economic relations between the U.S. and China, building on the diplomatic groundwork laid by Secretary of State Antony Blinken in June. During her visit, Yellen engaged in discussions on key global challenges, aiming to responsibly manage bilateral tensions and reaffirm the U.S.'s commitment to not seeking economic advantages or decoupling from China, despite ongoing concerns over national security and human rights. Her agenda focused on fostering direct communication and cooperation on challenges such as climate change and international debt crises, highlighting the importance of a balanced economic relationship and mutual economic prosperity.
On July 24, 2023 The Biden administration reportedly considered lifting sanctions on a Chinese police forensics institute implicated in human rights abuses to regain Beijing's cooperation in addressing the fentanyl crisis. During a July 2023 visit, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken had proposed creating a working group to revive discussions on fentanyl, but Chinese officials insisted that the U.S. first remove sanctions on the institute as a prerequisite for resuming joint narcotics control efforts.
In November 22023, China and the US were to reported to be set to finalize a deal to crack down on the export of chemicals used to make fentanyl at an upcoming summit between Presidents Joe Biden and Xi Jinping, marking a significant move in efforts to curb the opioid crisis in the US. After their meeting in California, President Joe Biden and Chinese President Xi Jinping announced a new agreement whereby China will instruct its chemical companies to reduce shipments of materials used to produce fentanyl, a step recognized as significant but not sufficient to solve the U.S. overdose crisis.
### 2024 U.S. House Panel report
In a report published on April 16, 2024, the US Select Committee on the CCP accused China of exacerbating the fentanyl crisis in America by subsidising the production of precursor chemicals used in making the drug, intended for sale outside China, which contributes significantly to U.S. overdose deaths. The report highlights discrepancies between China's stated cooperation on narcotics and its actions, including tax rebates to producers of specific fentanyl precursors and the Chinese government's alleged interference with U.S. investigations by alerting potential targets. |
36,869,947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie_Thomassin | Laurie Thomassin | Laurie Thomassin is a French retired breaststroke swimmer who won a gold medal in the 4×100 m medley relay at the 2004 European Aquatics Championships. She also competed in the same event at the 2004 Summer Olympics. More than one French sportswoman carries the name Laurie Thomassin: a pentathlon athlete Laurie Thomassin, and a younger swimmer who won a bronze medal in the 200 m breaststroke at the 12th Gymnasiade in 2002. | 2024-01-12T09:48:47 | # Laurie Thomassin
**Laurie Thomassin** (born 2 July 1978) is a French retired breaststroke swimmer who won a gold medal in the 4×100 m medley relay at the 2004 European Aquatics Championships. She also competed in the same event at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
More than one French sportswoman carries the name Laurie Thomassin: a pentathlon athlete Laurie Thomassin (b. 1986), and a younger swimmer who won a bronze medal in the 200 m breaststroke at the 12th Gymnasiade in 2002 (i.e. born after 1985).
## InfoBox
Laurie Thomassin
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1978-07-02) 2 July 1978<br>Nîmes, France |
| Height | 1.66 m (5 ft 5 in) |
| Weight | 54 kg (119 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Club | Aix Natation, Aix-en-Provence |
| Medal record Women's swimming Representing France European Championships 2004 Madrid 4×100 m medley | | |
15,019,977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie_Taylor_(footballer,_born_1918) | Laurie Taylor (footballer, born 1918) | Laurie Taylor was an Australian rules footballer who played in the Victorian Football League (VFL) for the Richmond Football Club and in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) for West Adelaide and Glenelg Football Clubs. Taylor was 6'2", an inch taller than fellow Richmond ruckman Jack Dyer and was a well-built centre-half forward, renowned for his strong marking. | 2024-03-26T00:44:52 | # Laurie Taylor (footballer, born 1918)
**Laurie Taylor** (21 October 1918 – 18 October 1980) was an Australian rules footballer who played in the Victorian Football League (VFL) for the Richmond Football Club and in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) for West Adelaide and Glenelg Football Clubs.
Taylor was 6'2", an inch taller than fellow Richmond ruckman Jack Dyer and was a well-built centre-half forward, renowned for his strong marking.
## War service
Taylor served with the 2nd AIF in Borneo during World War II.
## Shoulder dislocation
On 17 May 1947, in the first match that Taylor played after his discharge from the A.I.F., Richmond was playing Hawthorn and Taylor was playing in the ruck. At the first bounce, Taylor punched the ball an amazing 40 yd (37 m) and, at the same time, dislocated his shoulder.
## The Taylor football family
Laurie's record as a player and as a coach is impressive:
* 1936–1937, West Adelaide Juniors
* 1937–1941, 1946, West Adelaide 44 games (127 goals)
* 1944, West Adelaide/Genelg: 1 game (1 goal)
* South Australian Interstate Team: 5 games (7 goals)
* 1944, 1947, Richmond: 20 games (48 goals, including five 5-goal matches)
* 1948: Corowa, captain-coach. Also represented New South Wales in interstate football?
* 1949: Coolamon Football Club captain-coach. Represented NSW v Victoria.
* 1950, 1952, Glenelg: 28 games (60 goals)
* 1951, Coolamon, captain-coach.
* 1953–1954: Naracoorte, captain-coach, 1953 & 54 premiership coach.
* 1955–1956: West Gambier, Captain-coach
His family were also steeped in football.
* John Taylor Sr., his father, played 56 games with SANFL club Port Adelaide including their 1914 team which was unbeaten for the entire season.
* John Taylor Jr., his brother, played 258 games for SANFL clubs West Adelaide and Glenelg as both player and as captain-coach. He played for South Australia five times. He was the first SANFL player to play 250 games.
* Don Taylor, his other brother, played 20 senior games for South Melbourne in 1942 and 1947. On 30 August 1947, in round 19, South Melbourne played Richmond at the Punt Road Oval; Laurie Taylor was the Richmond full-forward, and Don Taylor was the South Melbourne full-forward. Laurie Taylor kicked 5 goals for Richmond, and was one of the best on the ground, whilst Don kicked two goals for South Melbourne. He also played 136 senior games for West Adelaide and Glenelg between 1939 and 1954. He played for South Australia nine times. He also coached West Adelaide in 1965.
1. "Laurie Taylor - Player Bio". Australian Football. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
2. World War II Nominal Roll: Lawrence Taylor (SX28428)
3. Bottle Strikes Player on Head, *The Argus*, (Monday, 19 May 1947), p.12; South hang on to Chambers: wanted by VFA, *The Argus*, (Friday, 30 May 1947), p.12; Ross, 1996, p.178. Hawthorn went on to win the match 16.11 (107) to Richmond's 10.9 (69).
4. "1949 - NSW v Victoria". The Daily Advertiser, Wagga.
5. "1949 - NSW v Victoria match preview". *The Sydney Morning Herald*.
6. "1949 - Vicroria easily defeat NSW". *The Daily Telegraph*.
7. "KNFL Premiership table". *LogoKowree Naracoorte Tatiara Football League*. LogoKowree Naracoorte Tatiara Football League.
8. Atkinson, pp. 129-30.
9. "Full Points Footy: John Taylor". Archived from the original on 4 February 2012.
10. VFL Teams for Tomorrow, *The Argus*, (Friday 29 August 1947), p.18.
11. Details of Six VFL Games, *The Argus*, (Monday, 1 September 1947), p.18
12. "Full Points Footy: Don Taylor". Archived from the original on 4 February 2012.
* Atkinson, G. (1982) *Everything you ever wanted to know about Australian rules football but couldn't be bothered asking*, The Five Mile Press: Melbourne. ISBN 0 86788 009 0.
* Hansen B: *Tigerland: The History of the Richmond Football Club from 1885*, Richmond Former Players and Officials Association, (Melbourne), 1989. ISBN 0-7316-5047-6
* Hogan P: *The Tigers of Old*, Richmond FC, (Melbourne), 1996. ISBN 0-646-18748-1
* Ross, J. (ed), *100 Years of Australian Football 1897–1996: The Complete Story of the AFL, All the Big Stories, All the Great Pictures, All the Champions, Every AFL Season Reported*, Viking, (Ringwood), 1996. ISBN 0-670-86814-0
## InfoBox
| Laurie Taylor | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Lawrence Taylor | | |
| Date of birth | 21 October 1918 | | |
| Place of birth | Norwood, South Australia | | |
| Date of death | 18 October 1980(1980-10-18) (aged 61) | | |
| Place of death | Gosford, New South Wales | | |
| Original team(s) | West Adelaide | | |
| Height | 188 cm (6 ft 2 in) | | |
| Weight | 81.5 kg (180 lb) | | |
| Playing career<sup>1</sup> | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1944, 1947 | Richmond | 20 (48) |
| <sup>1</sup> Playing statistics correct to the end of 1947. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | | |
49,154,345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie_Tetley | Laurie Tetley | Laurie Tetley was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL). | 2021-05-27T18:26:10 | # Laurie Tetley
**Laurie Tetley** (3 September 1921 – 10 February 1994) was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
## InfoBox
| Laurie Tetley | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Laurie Tetley | | |
| Date of birth | (1921-09-03)3 September 1921 | | |
| Date of death | 10 February 1994(1994-02-10) (aged 72) | | |
| Original team(s) | East Fremantle | | |
| Height | 179 cm (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Weight | 72 kg (159 lb) | | |
| Playing career<sup>1</sup> | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1942 | South Melbourne | 1 (0) |
| <sup>1</sup> Playing statistics correct to the end of 1942. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | | |
37,895,594 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Kampong_Ties_episodes | List of Kampong Ties episodes | Below is an episodic synopsis of Kampong Ties, which consists of 30 episodes and broadcast on MediaCorp Channel 8 in Singapore and ntv7 in Malaysia. The synopsis is according to Singapore's synopsis. | 2023-04-18T01:17:01 | # List of Kampong Ties episodes
Below is an episodic synopsis of *Kampong Ties*, which consists of 30 episodes and broadcast on MediaCorp Channel 8 in Singapore and ntv7 in Malaysia. The synopsis is according to Singapore's synopsis.
## Episodes
| Episode | Title | Original airdate | Repeat telecast |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Episode One" | September 27, 2011 (2011-09-27) U (Malaysia) <br>October 24, 2011 (2011-10-24) (Singapore) | December 16, 2012 PG (Singapore) |
| 2 | "Episode Two" | September 28, 2011 (2011-09-28) U (Malaysia) <br>October 25, 2011 (2011-10-25) (Singapore) | December 16, 2012 PG (Singapore) |
| 3 | "Episode Three" | September 29, 2011 (2011-09-29) U (Malaysia) <br>October 26, 2011 (2011-10-26) (Singapore) | December 23, 2012 PG (Singapore) |
| 4 | "Episode Four" | October 3, 2011 (2011-10-03) U (Malaysia) <br>October 27, 2011 (2011-10-27) (Singapore) | December 23, 2012 PG (Singapore) |
| 5 | "Episode Five" | October 4, 2011 (2011-10-04) U (Malaysia) <br>October 28, 2011 (2011-10-28) (Singapore) | December 30, 2012 PG (Singapore) |
| 6 | "Episode Six" | October 5, 2011 (2011-10-05) U (Malaysia) <br>October 31, 2011 (2011-10-31) (Singapore) | December 30, 2012 PG (Singapore) |
| 7 | "Episode Seven" | October 6, 2011 (2011-10-06) U (Malaysia) <br>November 1, 2011 (2011-11-01) (Singapore) | January 6, 2013 PG (Singapore) |
| 8 | "Episode Eight" | October 10, 2011 (2011-10-10) U (Malaysia) <br>November 2, 2011 (2011-11-02) (Singapore) | January 6, 2013 PG (Singapore) |
| 9 | "Episode Nine" | October 11, 2011 (2011-10-11) U (Malaysia) <br>November 3, 2011 (2011-11-03) (Singapore) | January 13, 2013 PG (Singapore) |
| 10 | "Episode Ten" | October 12, 2011 (2011-10-12) U (Malaysia) <br>November 4, 2011 (2011-11-04) (Singapore) | January 13, 2013 PG (Singapore) |
| 11 | "Episode Eleven" | October 13, 2011 (2011-10-13) U (Malaysia) <br>November 7, 2011 (2011-11-07) (Singapore) | January 20, 2013 PG (Singapore) |
| 12 | "Episode Twelve" | October 17, 2011 (2011-10-17) U (Malaysia) <br>November 8, 2011 (2011-11-08) (Singapore) | January 20, 2013 PG (Singapore) |
| 13 | "Episode Thirteen" | October 18, 2011 (2011-10-18) U (Malaysia) <br>November 9, 2011 (2011-11-09) (Singapore) | January 27, 2013 PG (Singapore) |
| 14 | "Episode Fourteen" | October 19, 2011 (2011-10-19) U (Malaysia) <br>November 10, 2011 (2011-11-10) (Singapore) | January 27, 2013 PG (Singapore) |
| 15 | "Episode Fifteen" | October 20, 2011 (2011-10-20) U (Malaysia) <br>November 11, 2011 (2011-11-11) (Singapore) | February 3, 2013 PG (Singapore) |
| 16 | "Episode Sixteen" | October 24, 2011 (2011-10-24) U (Malaysia) <br>November 14, 2011 (2011-11-14) (Singapore) | February 3, 2013 PG (Singapore) |
| 17 | "Episode Seventeen" | October 25, 2011 (2011-10-25) U (Malaysia) <br>November 15, 2011 (2011-11-15) (Singapore) | February 17, 2013 PG (Singapore) |
| 18 | "Episode Eighteen" | October 26, 2011 (2011-10-26) U (Malaysia) <br>November 16, 2011 (2011-11-16) (Singapore) | February 17, 2013 PG (Singapore) |
| 19 | "Episode Nineteen" | October 27, 2011 (2011-10-27) U (Malaysia) <br>November 17, 2011 (2011-11-17) (Singapore) | February 24, 2013 PG (Singapore) |
| 20 | "Episode Twenty" | October 31, 2011 (2011-10-31) U (Malaysia) <br>November 18, 2011 (2011-11-18) (Singapore) | February 24, 2013 PG (Singapore) |
| 21 | "Episode Twenty-one" | November 1, 2011 (2011-11-01) U (Malaysia) <br>November 21, 2011 (2011-11-21) PG (Singapore) | March 3, 2013 (Singapore) <br>PG Some Violence |
| 22 | "Episode Twenty-two" | November 2, 2011 (2011-11-02) U (Malaysia) <br>November 22, 2011 (2011-11-22) (Singapore) <br>PG Some Violence | March 3, 2013 (Singapore) <br>PG Some Violence |
| 23 | "Episode Twenty-three" | November 3, 2011 (2011-11-03) U (Malaysia) <br>November 23, 2011 (2011-11-23) PG (Singapore) | March 10, 2013 PG (Singapore) |
| 24 | "Episode Twenty-four" | November 7, 2011 (2011-11-07) U (Malaysia) <br>November 24, 2011 (2011-11-24) PG (Singapore) | March 10, 2013 PG (Singapore) |
| 25 | "Episode Twenty-five" | November 8, 2011 (2011-11-08) U (Malaysia) <br>November 25, 2011 (2011-11-25) PG (Singapore) | March 17, 2013 PG (Singapore) |
| 26 | "Episode Twenty-six" | November 9, 2011 (2011-11-09) U (Malaysia) <br>November 28, 2011 (2011-11-28) PG (Singapore) | March 17, 2013 PG (Singapore) |
| 27 | "Episode Twenty-seven" | November 10, 2011 (2011-11-10) U (Malaysia) <br>November 22, 2011 (2011-11-22) (Singapore) <br>PG Some Violence | March 24, 2013 (Singapore) <br>PG Some Violence |
| 28 | "Episode Twenty-eight" | November 14, 2011 (2011-11-14) U (Malaysia) <br>November 30, 2011 (2011-11-30) PG (Singapore) | March 24, 2013 (Singapore) <br>PG Some Violence |
| 29 | "Episode Twenty-nine" | November 15, 2011 (2011-11-15) U (Malaysia) <br>November 22, 2011 (2011-11-22) (Singapore) <br>PG Some Violence | March 31, 2013 (Singapore) <br>PG Some Violence |
| 30 | "Episode Thirty" | November 16, 2011 (2011-11-16) U (Malaysia) <br>December 2, 2011 (2011-12-02) PG (Singapore) | March 31, 2013 (Singapore) <br>PG Some Violence | |
4,950,466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M132_Armored_Flamethrower | M132 Armored Flamethrower | The M132 Armored Flamethrower was a United States built flamethrower armed variant of the M113 and M113A1 armored personnel carriers developed in the early 1960s. Approximately 350 were accepted into service. | 2023-12-30T08:26:47 | # M132 Armored Flamethrower
The **M132 Armored Flamethrower** (nicknamed "Zippo") was a United States built flamethrower armed variant of the M113 and M113A1 armored personnel carriers developed in the early 1960s. Approximately 350 were accepted into service.
## History
The first prototype of the vehicle was produced in August 1962 when a flamethrower was mounted on a M113. This prototype was only used in combat situations four times that year.
In December 1964, the First Armored Cavalry was sent two M132 flamethrower armored vehicles. Based on combat experiences with the vehicle the Army Concept Team advised that four M132s and two M113s be shipped to each regiment.
Standard operating procedure was to use the 7.62mm coaxial machine-gun to suppress the target until the M132 could be maneuvered into the flamethrower range. Sometimes a “wet burst” of unignited fuel would be sprayed into the target first, only to be ignited by a second “flaming burst.” This was found to do more damage to the target.
## Description
The vehicle was based on an M113. The driver sits in the front left of the hull. The gunner sits in a small cupola in the center of the hull which mounts an M10-8 flame gun with a coaxial 7.62 mm caliber M73 machine gun. The weapons could be traversed though 360 degrees and elevated to +55 degrees and depressed to −15 degree. The passenger compartment was removed, and replaced with an M10 fuel and pressure unit and four spherical 50 gallon fuel tanks.
The 200 gallon fuel capacity enabled it to fire for up to 32 seconds, and the pressure unit enabled it to reach targets at a range of 170 meters (186 yards).
Notes * "Self-propelled Flame Thrower Carrier M132".
* "M132". *GlobalSecurity.org*.
## InfoBox
| M132 Armored Flamethrower | |
| --- | --- |
| Ex-US Army M132 Armored Flamethrower on display at the War Remnants Museum in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. | |
| Type | Armored personnel carrier |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1964–1978 |
| Used by | United States |
| Wars | |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 1962 |
| Manufacturer | FMC Corp |
| Produced | 1964 |
| No. built | ~350 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 23,330 lbs (10,580 kg) |
| Length | 4.863 metres (15 ft 11.5 in) |
| Width | 2.686 metres (8 ft 9.7 in) |
| Height | 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) |
| Crew | 2 |
| --- | |
| Armor | aluminum 12–38 millimetres (0.47–1.50 in) |
| Main<br>armament | M10-8 flame gun |
| Secondary<br>armament | coaxial 7.62 mm caliber M73 machine gun |
| Engine | Chrysler 75M; 8 cylinder, 4 cycle, vee gasoline<br>215 hp (160 kW) at 4,000 rpm |
| Power/weight | 22.36 hp/tonne |
| Transmission | Allison TX-200-2A |
| Suspension | torsion bar, 5 road wheels |
| Fuel capacity | 80 gallons (300 litres) |
| Operational<br>range | 480 km (300 mi) |
| Maximum speed | 67.6 km/h (42.0 mph), 5.8 km/h (3.6 mph) swimming | |
76,721,554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editorconfig | Editorconfig | EditorConfig is an open specification and file format for Syntax highlighting, text editors and integrated development environment (IDEs) that aims to maintain a consistent coding style, particularly aimed at groups working together. It can help keep multiple editors as well as individuals using the same conventions. It stores configurations in a file which can be shared by multiple people or used in multiple editors. It defines rules for how to format different programming languages or other structured text files with conventions such as what character to end a line with and how to manage indentation. | 2024-04-24T01:59:45 | # Editorconfig
EditorConfig is an open specification and file format for Syntax highlighting, text editors and integrated development environment (IDEs) that aims to maintain a consistent coding style, particularly aimed at groups working together. It can help keep multiple editors as well as individuals using the same conventions. It stores configurations in a file which can be shared by multiple people or used in multiple editors (by the same person or by many). It defines rules for how to format different programming languages or other structured text files with conventions such as what character to end a line with and how to manage indentation.
## Concept
The project web site states "EditorConfig helps maintain consistent coding styles for multiple developers working on the same project across various editors and IDEs. The EditorConfig project consists of a file format for defining coding styles and a collection of text editor plugins that enable editors to read the file format and adhere to defined styles. EditorConfig files are easily readable and they work nicely with version control systems."
## Specification
The configuration is typically stored in a UTF-8 encoded text file: `.editorconfig`. Some tools allow saving their style preferences as an EditorConfig file. Each line:
* May be blank (only Whitespace characters
* A comment that begiings with `;` or `#`
* A section header, which starts with a square bracket \[, and ends with a square bracket \].
+ A sectionheader may not have any non-whitespace characters outside of the brackets
+ It may contain any characters between the backets including whitespace/tabs
+ It uses forward slash characters `/` as path separators
- Backslashes `\` are prohibited, even on Windows.
* Key-Value pair, with a `=` separating the key from the value
Any other line format is invalid. It does not support in-line comments. If there is a `;` or `#` character anywhere other than the start of line it is considered to be part of the text of the line. It does not support any character escaping.
### Parts/sections of file
* Preamble: *optional* `key=value` pairs that precede the first section.
* Section Name: String between `[ ]`
* Section: the key value pairs that follow a section name until the start of the next section.
### glob expressions
Section names are file path globs, using a format similar to `.gitignore`, and are based on Unix convetions.
File name globs
| characters | matched files |
| --- | --- |
| `*` | Any string (of any length) except path separators (`/` |
| `**` | Any string of characters |
| `?` | Any *single* character |
| `[seq]` | Any *single* character in the seq |
| `[!seq]` | Any *single* character **not** in seq |
| `{s₁,s₂,..sₙ}` | *Any* of the comma-separated list of strings. This can be nested. There must be more than one string in the list, as {somestring} will match the literal value '`{somestring}`' (which is probably not what was intended). |
| `{n₁..n₂}` | Matches an integer number between n₁ and n₂ (i.e. matches *i*∈ℤ∣n₁≤*i*≤n₂) |
### File location
EditorConfig plugins look for a file named `.editorconfig` in the same directory that contains an existing file, and in parent directories of that one until it hits the root filepath (e.g. `/` in Linux/Unix/MacOS or `C:` in the case of Microsoft Windows, or it finds an `.editorconfig` file that contains a line that states `root=true`.
The most recent rules found take precedence in the order they are read. So rules in the same directory as the file would over-rule rules from higher level directories.
### File Format
Editor config uses the common INI configuration file format.
### Style options
Configuration options
| key | settings to configure the option |
| --- | --- |
| indent\_style | Set to use `"tab"` or `"space"` to use tab characters or spaces |
| indent\_size | Integer that defines how many spaces per tab, or how wide a tab stop is. |
| tab\_width | This usually isn't specified as it defaults to the `indent_size` |
| end\_of\_line | set to `"lf"` , `"cr"`, or `"crlf"` to control how breaks are represented. |
| charset | Character encoding "latin1", "utf-8", "utf-8-bom", "utf-16be" or "utf-16le" to control the character set. |
| trim\_trailing\_whitespace | if set to `"true"` will remove any whitespace characters preceding newline characters |
| insert\_final\_newline | if `"true"` will end files with a newline, `"false"` will prevent it. |
| root | special property (e.g. specified at the top of the file outside of any sections). Set to `"true"` to stop `.editorconfig` files search on current file. (I.e. don't keep looking for any more EditorConfig files in higher level directories. |
Some tools support additional options such as `max_line_length` (which forces a hard line wrap after the specified number of characters) (supported by Emacs, Vim, Atom, and several others)
## Implementation
Many popular editors have adopted support of the specification. The GitHub page for the project has libraries written in GO programing language, C programing language, and Python programming language, and there is a Node.JS library as well. There is a comprehensive listing of editors available on the project site.
### Editors reported to work without use of a plug-in
Gitea, Github, IntellijIdea, PyCharm, and editors by JetBrains, Kate, Komodo, Visual Studio, Vim/Neovim.
### Editors which require a plug-in
Some editors require installation of a plug-in: Eclipse IDE, Atom, Emacs, Geany, JEdit, Notepad++, Netbeans, Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text
### Build environment which require a plug-in
Apache Ant, Gradle, Apache Maven
### Editors which don't support EditorConfig
There is no list maintained of all the various text editors or IDEs which do not support EditorConfig (e.g. Spyder IDE has had support mentioned in the past, but does not seem to yet include it.
### Other software development tools which implement EditorConfig
Prettier
## InfoBox
| Type of format | INI configuration file |
| --- | --- |
| Standard | https://editorconfig.org/ |
| Open format? | true |
| Free format? | true |
| Website | https://github.com/editorconfig/ | |
12,899,295 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtropis_borneensis | Microtropis borneensis | Microtropis borneensis is a species of plant in the family Celastraceae. It is endemic to Borneo. | 2021-11-15T02:22:34 | # Microtropis borneensis
***Microtropis borneensis*** is a species of plant in the family Celastraceae. It is endemic to Borneo.
## InfoBox
| *Microtropis borneensis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
| <br>Vulnerable (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Celastrales |
| Family: | Celastraceae |
| Genus: | *Microtropis* |
| Species: | ***M. borneensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Microtropis borneensis***<br>Merr. & Freeman | |
| |
875,919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CVAR | CVAR | CVAR and ConVar are abbreviations for Console Variable. Depending on the context in which the term is found, it may also stand for Client Variable, or Configuration Variable. This is a type of variable used in many computer games and computer 3D simulation engines that can be manipulated by a text based command line interface within the game or engine, often called a console. They commonly hold configuration parameters, but can be used for anything that may potentially be accessed and/or modified by the console. The most common usage of CVARs is by server operators to customize their online game servers. | 2004-08-03T18:49:04 | # CVAR
**CVAR** and **ConVar** are abbreviations for Console Variable. Depending on the context in which the term is found, it may also stand for Client Variable, or Configuration Variable.
This is a type of variable used in many computer games and computer 3D simulation engines that can be manipulated by a text based command line interface within the game or engine, often called a console. They commonly hold configuration parameters, but can be used for anything that may potentially be accessed and/or modified by the console.
The most common usage of CVARs is by server operators to customize their online game servers. |
44,539,506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_Tour:_Ten_Years_Later | Suicide Tour: Ten Years Later | The Suicide Tour is a 3-disc compilation of Brotha Lynch Hung songs, released by Siccmade Muzicc on October 7, 2014. It features Snoop Dogg, Bad Azz, Keak Da Sneak, Xzibit, Warren G, X-Raided, Art B., Zigg Zagg, Phonk Beta, Loki, D-Dubb, C.O.S., and the original Siccmade Muzicc family. | 2014-11-29T01:26:16 | # Suicide Tour: Ten Years Later
Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
**The Suicide Tour (10 Years Later)** is a 3-disc compilation of Brotha Lynch Hung songs, released by Siccmade Muzicc on October 7, 2014. It features Snoop Dogg, Bad Azz, Keak Da Sneak, Xzibit, Warren G, X-Raided, Art B., Zigg Zagg, Phonk Beta, Loki, D-Dubb, C.O.S., and the original Siccmade Muzicc family.
## Track listing
Disc 1
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "One Time" (featuring Bad Azz) | 3:48 |
| 2. | "Blood on da Rug (Rizzla Remix)" | 5:02 |
| 3. | "By My Side" (featuring Snoop Dogg, Warren G & Xzibit) | 4:22 |
| 4. | "Catch You (Death Is What You Reap) (Dizz Remix)" (featuring X-Raided) | 2:16 |
| 5. | "Holdin’ On (Everytime) (Jacedit Remix)" (featuring D-Dubb) | 3:09 |
| 6. | "Hunter Killa" | 2:06 |
| 7. | "Last Night" (featuring C.O.S. & First Degree the D.E.) | 4:24 |
| 8. | "Dogg Market (Everyday)" (featuring Snoop Dogg) | 3:04 |
| 9. | "Lovin’" (featuring C.O.S.) | 2:40 |
| 10. | "Meat (E-Moe Remix)" (featuring Keak da Sneak) | 2:53 |
| 11. | "One of Us (10 Years Later)" (featuring Loki & Sicx) | 4:03 |
| 12. | "Part of the Game" (featuring Phonk Beta & C.O.S.) | 4:40 |
| Total length: | | 42:27 |
Disc 2: Bonus DVD: Documentary film
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
Disc 3: Bonus DVD: Documentary film
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
## InfoBox
| Suicide Tour: Ten Years Later | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| Compilation album by Siccmade Muzicc | |
| Released | October 7, 2014 |
| Recorded | 2000-2003 |
| Genre | Gangsta rap, West Coast hip hop, horrorcore, underground hip hop |
| Length | 42:27 |
| Label | Siccmade Muzicc |
| Siccmade Muzicc chronology | |
| *Mannibalector*<br>(2013) ***Suicide Tour: Ten Years Later***<br>(2014) *Anthropophagy<br>(TBA)* | | |
6,027,554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mounted_games | Mounted games | Mounted Games is a branch of equestrian sport in which fast games are played on horses or more commonly ponies. They require athletic ability, riding skills, hand-to-eye coordination, determination, perseverance, and a competitive spirit, which nevertheless requires an ability to work together with other riders and a willingness to help one another. Mounted Games were the inspiration of Prince Philip. When Col. Sir Mike Ansell was Director of the Horse of the Year Show, Prince Philip asked if he could devise a competition for children who could not afford an expensive, well-bred pony, and in 1957 the Horse of the Year Show, then at Harringay Arena in North London, England, staged the first Mounted Games Championship for the Prince Philip Cup—it was an immediate box office success. The sport of Mounted Games as it exists today was founded by Norman Patrick. His aim was to extend the sport, previously age-restricted by Pony Club, for wider participation, and for this reason, in 1984, he established the Mounted Games Association of Great Britain. In the years which followed his continued support and patronage ensured that the sport spread across Great Britain and beyond. At the time of his death in 2001, the sport which he had established was being enjoyed by many riders around the world, and the International Mounted Games Association, which was formed in 2003, now has members in 24 countries on 5 continents. | 2024-02-18T21:18:48 | # Mounted games
**Mounted Games** is a branch of equestrian sport in which fast games are played on horses or more commonly ponies.
They require athletic ability, riding skills, hand-to-eye coordination, determination, perseverance, and a competitive spirit, which nevertheless requires an ability to work together with other riders and a willingness to help one another.
Mounted Games were the inspiration of Prince Philip. When Col. Sir Mike Ansell was Director of the Horse of the Year Show, Prince Philip asked if he could devise a competition for children who could not afford an expensive, well-bred pony, and in 1957 the Horse of the Year Show, then at Harringay Arena in North London, England, staged the first Mounted Games Championship for the Prince Philip Cup—it was an immediate box office success.
The sport of Mounted Games as it exists today was founded by Norman Patrick. His aim was to extend the sport, previously age-restricted by Pony Club, for wider participation, and for this reason, in 1984, he established the Mounted Games Association of Great Britain. In the years which followed his continued support and patronage ensured that the sport spread across Great Britain and beyond. At the time of his death in 2001, the sport which he had established was being enjoyed by many riders around the world, and the International Mounted Games Association, which was formed in 2003, now has members in 24 countries on 5 continents.
## Games
There are many different games played in Mounted Games. These are split into team, pairs and individual games.
## Participating nations
The member nations of the association are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Mexico, New Zealand, Nigeria, Northern Ireland, Norway, Pakistan, Scotland, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, United States of America and Wales.
## World Team Championships
The IMGA World Team Championships are held each year in a different member country. At the first World Championships in 1985 only four teams participated, by 2007 this had grown to 18 and is expected to continue rising over the coming years.
Originally Great Britain participated as one team however from 2000 onwards this was split into England, Scotland and Wales. Northern Ireland have always participated as a separate team. |
76,711,255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overriding_royalty_interest | Overriding royalty interest | An Overriding Royalty Interest (ORRI) is an oil and gas interest is separated from the participatory interest of what is called the working interest. It is percentage of gross production that is not charged with any expenses of from an oil and/or gas well. An ORRI is a covenant running with the land between the assignor and assignee. However, it expires if the associated leases expire. | 2024-04-23T04:13:37 | # Overriding royalty interest
An **Overriding Royalty Interest (ORRI)** is an oil and gas interest is separated from the participatory interest of what is called the working interest. It is percentage of gross production that is not charged with any expenses of from an oil and/or gas well. An ORRI is a covenant running with the land between the assignor and assignee. However, it expires if the associated leases expire.
## Calculating ORRI
The overriding royalty interest is calculated as follows:
(Overriding Royalty Rate) × (Working Interest) × (Mineral Interest) × (Tract Participation Factor) = ORRI
Where the terms are defined as follows:
The working interest is the ownership interest that would require the participation in production expenses.
The mineral interest is the percentage of real property interest after severance of oil and gas from surface rights.
The Tract Participation Factor is: Number of Lease Acres of the Lessor divided by total number of acres.
1. "Glossary | Practical Law". *content.next.westlaw.com*. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
2. 1 - NADOA 2021 Institute - Advanced ORRI.pdf
3. Working Interest (US) | Practical Law (westlaw.com)
4. "Oil + gas law for beginners: understanding the Mineral vs. Royalty Distinction". *Lexology*. 2015-10-26. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
5. Alyce-Hoge-Allocation-Wells.pdf (landtraining.net) |
20,409,769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_My_Craft_or_Sullen_Art | In My Craft or Sullen Art | "In My Craft or Sullen Art" is a poem written by Welsh poet Dylan Thomas (1914–1953). First published in 1946 in Deaths and Entrances, the poem describes a poet who must write for the sake of his craft rather than any material gains that may come from his work. | 2024-04-09T19:28:17 | # In My Craft or Sullen Art
**"In My Craft or Sullen Art"** is a poem written by Welsh poet Dylan Thomas (1914–1953).
First published in 1946 in *Deaths and Entrances*, the poem describes a poet who must write for the sake of his craft rather than any material gains that may come from his work.
## Text
In my craft or sullen art
Exercised in the still night
When only the moon rages
And the lovers lie abed
With all their griefs in their arms,
I labour by singing light
Not for ambition or bread
Or the strut and trade of charms
On the ivory stages
But for the common wages
Of their most secret heart.
Not for the proud man apart
From the raging moon I write
On these spindrift pages
Nor for the towering dead
With their nightingales and psalms
But for the lovers, their arms
Round the griefs of the ages,
Who pay no praise or wages
Nor heed my craft or art.
## Use as lyrics
The poem has been set to music on at least two occasions. It was scored for mezzo-soprano and piano in 2001 by Wayne L. Davies as part of a Dylan Thomas song-cycle. It was also provided the basis - and lyrics - for "In my craft or sullen art", a song by New Zealand pop group Mink in 1995. A further musical version - part of an album of songs inspired by Thomas - was released by New Zealand's Chris Matthews and Robot Monkey Orchestra in 2008. In 2008 it was set to music by composer Thomas Hewitt Jones as a tone-poem for Soprano, Piano and Cello, first performed at the Royal Opera House in January 2009. It also appeared on Perth County Conspiracy's album *Does Not Exist*. It was also set as a two-part choir anthem in 1996, by Mark Holmes, and performed by the students of St. Andrew's School, Turi.
## Other uses
In 2009, the London-based Poetry Society used the text of this poem for their "Knit A Poem" project. Each letter of the poem was charted and knit onto a square by volunteers. Spaces and "white space" used knitted blocks without a letter to fill in around the text, also knit by volunteers. More than 850 volunteers from all over the world participated. The finished poem was 7mx9m and was unveiled on October 7, 2009, in front of the British Library in London. The poem is cited at the start of the 1971 film *The Raging Moon* by Bryan Forbes starring Malcolm McDowell and Nanette Newman. |
64,516,192 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_vs_Pakistan,_5th_Test_-_1987_Bangalore | India vs Pakistan, 5th Test - 1987 Bangalore | Test match number 1073, described as, one of the greatest and most dramatic Test matches between India and Pakistan, it was the fifth and final Test of the Pakistani tour of India. The match was won by Pakistan by 16 runs after the previous four matches had ended in draws. It was the final Test played by India's Sunil Gavaskar. | 2023-12-20T07:11:34 | # India vs Pakistan, 5th Test - 1987 Bangalore
Test match number 1073, described as, one of the greatest and most dramatic Test matches between India and Pakistan, it was the fifth and final Test of the Pakistani tour of India. The match was won by Pakistan by 16 runs after the previous four matches had ended in draws. It was the final Test played by India's Sunil Gavaskar.
## Details
### Day 1 – 13 March
As Sunil Gavaskar was playing his final Test match the Indian captain Kapil Dev allowed him to take part in the toss as a token of respect. Pakistan's Imran Khan won the toss and chose to bat first. After Kapil Dev dismissed opening batsman Rizwan-uz-Zaman for 1, Pakistan had a second wicket partnership of 36 runs between Rameez Raja and Saleem Malik. Pakistan then lost six wickets for just 14 runs with Maninder Singh claiming five wickets, leaving Pakistan on 74 for 8. Pakistan fought back, adding 42 runs for the last two wickets before being all out for 116 in just 49.2 overs. For India Maninder Singh claimed 7 wickets for 27 runs with Kapil Dev (2) and Ravi Shastri claiming the other wickets.
After an opening wicket partnership of 39 between Gavaskar and Srikkanth, India finished the day on 68 for 2 with Mohinder Amarnath and Dilip Vengsarkar remained unbeaten on 12 and 9 runs respectively.
### Day 2 – 14 March
India soon gained a lead over Pakistan and at one stage were 126 for 4 before being dismissed for 145 runs, a lead of only 29 runs. Vengsarkar made a patient 50, but no other Indian batsmen made a double digit score. Both Pakistani spin bowlers Iqbal Qasim and Tauseef Ahmed claimed five wickets each.
In their second innings, Pakistan had a safe start with Javed Miandad opening the innings along with Saleem Malik. An opening wicket partnership of 45 runs set of solid foundation before Pakistan fell to 155 for 5 at the end of the day, an overall lead of 126 runs.
### Day 3 – 15 March
Three wickets fell on the morning of the third day, with captain Imran the eight Pakistani batsman dismissed with the score on 198 for 8, a lead of 169 runs. Saleem Yousuf, scoring 41 runs, and Tauseef Ahmed added 51 runs for the ninth wicket before the side were bowled out for 249 runs, leaving India a target of 221 runs with the pitch becoming very difficult for the batsmen. For India, Ravi Shastri claimed four wickets, Maninder three and Yadav two.
Pakistan shocked India with two early wickets as Wasim Akram dismissed Srikkanth and Amarnath in successive deliveries with India reeling at 15 for 2. Vengsarkar joined Gavaskar and their partnership made 49 runs before Vengsarkar was clean bowled by Tauseef with Indian score reading 64 for 3. Wicket-keeper Kiran More was sent in as night watchman, but he was out for 3 and at the end of the third day India were 99 for 4 with Azharuddin and Gavaskar on 7 and 51 runs respectively, needing another 122 runs to win.
### Day 4 – 17 March
On the rest day (16 March), Pakistan bowlers Iqbal Qasim and Tauseef Ahmed happened to meet Bishan Singh Bedi at a reception, who advised them not to try too much on the turning pitch.
On the fourth day India resumed their innings on a crumbling pitch. Gavaskar and Azharuddin brought the target under 100 runs, but Azharuddin was brilliantly caught and bowled by Iqbal Qasim for 26. Shastri had a 30 runs partnership with Gavaskar as he was caught and bowled, again by Iqbal Qasim at the score on 155. After Kapil Dev was out for two, India went to lunch on 161/7, still needing 60 runs to win. After adding 19 runs after lunch, Sunil Gavaskar was controversially given out caught off of his wrist for 96 in his final Test innings. India still needed another 41 runs to win, but lost Shivlal Yadav for four and last man Maninder Singh joined Roger Binny with 36 more runs needed to win. Binny counterattacked Tauseef with a six, but was caught by Saleem Yousuf off Tauseef Ahmed for 15 as India were bowled out for 204 runs, Pakistan winning the match by 16 runs.
The match was the only one of the five-match series which ended in a victory, meaning Pakistan won the series 1–0. Gavaskar was adjudged the Player of the Match and Imran Khan Player of the Series.
## Scorecard
### First innings
| Pakistan batting | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Player | Status | Runs | Balls | 4s | 6s | Strike rate |
|
| Rameez Raja | c Vengsarkar b Kapil Dev | 22 | 27 | 4 | 0 | 81.48 |
|
| Rizwan-uz-Zaman | b Kapil Dev | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 00.00 |
|
| Saleem Malik | b Maninder Singh | 33 | 60 | 5 | 0 | 55.00 |
|
| Javed Miandad | c Shastri b Maninder Singh | 7 | 32 | 1 | 0 | 21.87 |
|
| Manzoor Elahi | c Azharuddin b Maninder Singh | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 00.00 |
|
| Imran Khan* | c Amarnath b Maninder Singh | 6 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 31.57 |
|
| Wasim Akram | b Maninder Singh | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
|
| Saleem Yousuf | c & b Shastri | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
|
| Iqbal Qasim | b Maninder Singh | 19 | 28 | 3 | 0 | 67.85 |
|
| Tauseef Ahmed | not out | 15 | 72 | 0 | 0 | 20.83 |
|
| Saleem Jaffar | c Vengsarkar b Maninder Singh | 8 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 16.00 |
|
| Extras | (lb 1, b 2, nb 3) | 6 | | | | |
|
| **Total** | (10 wickets; 49.2 overs) | **116** | | | | |
|
Fall of wickets: 1/3 (Rizwan-uz-Zaman), 2/39 (Ramiz Raja), 3/60 (Javed Miandad), 4/60 (Manzoor Elahi), 5/68 (Saleem Malik), 6/68 (Imran Khan), 7/73 (Wasim Akram), 8/74 (Saleem Yousuf), 9/98 (Iqbal Qasim), 10/116 (Saleem Jaffar)
| India bowling | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bowler | Overs | Maidens | Runs | Wickets | Econ | Wides | NBs |
|
| Kapil Dev | 11 | 2 | 23 | 2 | 2.09 | {{{wides}}} | {{{no-balls}}} |
|
| Roger Binny | 3 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 8.33 | {{{wides}}} | {{{no-balls}}} |
|
| M Amarnath | 3 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 2.33 | {{{wides}}} | {{{no-balls}}} |
|
| Maninder Singh | 18.2 | 8 | 27 | 7 | 1.47 | {{{wides}}} | {{{no-balls}}} |
|
| Ravi Shastri | 11 | 1 | 19 | 1 | 1.72 | {{{wides}}} | {{{no-balls}}} |
|
| Shivlal Yadav | 3 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 4.00 | {{{wides}}} | {{{no-balls}}} |
|
| India batting | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Player | Status | Runs | Balls | 4s | 6s | Strike rate |
|
| Sunil Gavaskar | b Tauseef Ahmed | 21 | 73 | 2 | 0 | 28.76 |
|
| K Srikkanth | b Tauseef Ahmed | 21 | 29 | 4 | 0 | 72.41 |
|
| Mohinder Amarnath | b Tauseef Ahmed | 13 | 78 | 1 | 0 | 16.66 |
|
| DB Vengsarkar | c Manzoor Elahi b Tauseef Ahmed | 50 | 84 | 7 | 1 | 59.52 |
|
| M Azharuddin | c Manzoor Elahi b Iqbal Qasim | 6 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 20.00 |
|
| Ravi Shastri | c Saleem Malik b Tauseef Ahmed | 7 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 46.66 |
|
| Kapil Dev* | c Saleem Malik b Iqbal Qasim | 9 | 18 | 2 | 0 | 50.00 |
|
| Roger Binny | c Tauseef Ahmed b Iqbal Qasim | 1 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 3.44 |
|
| Kiran More | not out | 9 | 13 | 0 | 1 | 69.23 |
|
| Shivlal Yadav | b Iqbal Qasim | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 00.00 |
|
| Maninder Singh | c Saleem Yousuf b Iqbal Qasim | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 00.00 |
|
| Extras | (lb 4, b 4) | 8 | | | | |
|
| **Total** | (all out in 64 overs) | **145** | | | | |
|
Fall of wickets: 1/39 (Kris Srikkanth), 2/56 (Sunil Gavaskar), 3/71 (Mohinder Amarnath), 4/102 (Mohammad Azharuddin), 5/126 (Ravi Shastri), 6/130 (Dilip Vengsarkar), 7/135 (Roger Binny), 8/137 (Kapil Dev), 9/143 (Shivlal Yadav), 10/145 (Maninder Singh)
| Pakistan bowling | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bowler | Overs | Maidens | Runs | Wickets | Econ | Wides | NBs |
|
| Imran Khan | 5 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 5.20 | {{{wides}}} | {{{no-balls}}} |
|
| Wasim Akram | 2 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 4.50 | {{{wides}}} | {{{no-balls}}} |
|
| Iqbal Qasim | 30 | 15 | 48 | 5 | 1.60 | {{{wides}}} | {{{no-balls}}} |
|
| Tauseef Ahmed | 27 | 7 | 54 | 5 | 2.00 | {{{wides}}} | {{{no-balls}}} |
|
### Second innings
| Pakistan batting | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Player | Status | Runs | Balls | 4s | 6s | Strike rate |
|
| Rameez Raja | b Yadav | 47 | 94 | 4 | 0 | 50.00 |
|
| Javed Miandad | c Srikkanth b Shastri | 17 | 37 | 2 | 0 | 45.94 |
|
| Rizwan-uz-Zaman | b Shastri | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 11.11 |
|
| Saleem Malik | b Kapil Dev | 33 | 62 | 4 | 0 | 53.22 |
|
| Iqbal Qasim | c Srikkanth b Yadav | 26 | 47 | 3 | 0 | 55.31 |
|
| Imran Khan* | c Srikkanth b Shastri | 39 | 100 | 3 | 0 | 39.00 |
|
| Manzoor Elahi | c More b Maninder Singh | 8 | 53 | 0 | 1 | 15.09 |
|
| Wasim Akram | b Maninder Singh | 11 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 91.66 |
|
| Saleem Yousuf | not out | 41 | 90 | 4 | 0 | 45.55 |
|
| Tauseef Ahmed | c Yadav b Shastri | 10 | 62 | 1 | 0 | 16.12 |
|
| Saleem Jaffar | c Gavaskar b Maninder Singh | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 00.00 |
|
| Extras | (lb 8, b 7, nb 1) | 16 | | | | |
|
| **Total** | (10 wickets; 94.5 overs) | **249** | | | | |
|
Fall of wickets: 1/45 (Javed Miandad), 2/57 (Rizwan-uz-Zaman), 3/89 (Ramiz Raja), 4/121 (Saleem Malik), 5/142 (Iqbal Qasim), 6/166 (Manzoor Elahi), 7/184 (Wasim Akram), 8/198 (Imran Khan), 9/249 (Tauseef Ahmed), 10/249 (Saleem Jaffar)
| India bowling | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bowler | Overs | Maidens | Runs | Wickets | Econ | Wides | NBs |
|
| Kapil Dev | 12 | 2 | 25 | 1 | 2.08 | {{{wides}}} | {{{no-balls}}} |
|
| Maninder Singh | 43.5 | 8 | 99 | 3 | 2.25 | {{{wides}}} | {{{no-balls}}} |
|
| Ravi Shastri | 24 | 3 | 69 | 4 | 2.87 | {{{wides}}} | {{{no-balls}}} |
|
| Shivlal Yadav | 15 | 3 | 41 | 2 | 2.73 | {{{wides}}} | {{{no-balls}}} |
|
| India batting | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Player | Status | Runs | Balls | 4s | 6s | Strike rate |
|
| Sunil Gavaskar | c Rizwan-uz-Zaman b Iqbal Qasim | 96 | 264 | 8 | 0 | 36.36 |
|
| K Srikkanth | lbw b Wasim Akram | 6 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 37.50 |
|
| Mohinder Amarnath | c †Saleem Yousuf b Wasim Akram | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 00.00 |
|
| DB Vengsarkar | b Tauseef Ahmed | 19 | 66 | 1 | 0 | 28.78 |
|
| Kiran More | lbw b Tauseef Ahmed | 3 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 11.11 |
|
| M Azharuddin | c & b Iqbal Qasim | 26 | 75 | 3 | 0 | 34.66 |
|
| Ravi Shastri | c & b Iqbal Qasim | 4 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 14.81 |
|
| Kapil Dev* | b Iqbal Qasim | 2 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 15.38 |
|
| Roger Binny | c Saleem Yousuf b Tauseef Ahmed | 15 | 48 | 0 | 1 | 31.25 |
|
| Shivlal Yadav | b Tauseef Ahmed | 4 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 40.00 |
|
| Maninder Singh | not out | 2 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 12.50 |
|
| Extras | (lb 5, b 22) | 27 | | | | |
|
| **Total** | (all out in 93.5 overs) | **204** | | | | |
|
Fall of wickets: 1/15 (Kris Srikkanth), 2/15 (Mohinder Amarnath), 3/64 (Dilip Vengsarkar), 4/80 (Kiran More), 5/123 (Mohammad Azharuddin), 6/155 (Ravi Shastri), 7/161 (Kapil Dev), 8/180 (Sunil Gavaskar), 9/185 (Shivlal Yadav), 10/204 (Roger Binny)
| Pakistan bowling | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bowler | Overs | Maidens | Runs | Wickets | Econ | Wides | NBs |
|
| Wasim Akram | 11 | 3 | 19 | 2 | 1.72 | {{{wides}}} | {{{no-balls}}} |
|
| Iqbal Qasim | 37 | 11 | 73 | 4 | 1.97 | {{{wides}}} | {{{no-balls}}} |
|
| Tauseef Ahmed | 45.5 | 12 | 85 | 4 | 1.85 | {{{wides}}} | {{{no-balls}}} |
|
## InfoBox
| India vs Pakistan, 5th Test, 1987<br>Bangalore | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Pakistani cricket team in India in 1986–87 | |
| | |
| Date | 13–17 March 1987 |
| Location | M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore, India |
| Result | Pakistan won by 16 runs |
| Teams India Pakistan Captains Kapil Dev Imran Khan Most runs Sunil Gavaskar (117) Rameez Raja (69) Most wickets Maninder Singh (10) Tauseef Ahmed (9)<br>Iqbal Qasim (9) | |
| |
61,578,005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meer_Foundation | Meer Foundation | 2019-08-22T02:23:26 | # Meer Foundation
## InfoBox
Meer Foundation
|
| |
| Named after | Meer Taj Mohammed Khan |
| Formation | 2013 |
| Founder | Shah Rukh Khan |
| Type | Non Profit Organisation |
| Purpose | Empower Womens,especially Acid Attacks Survivors |
| Headquarters | Santacruz West,Mumbai |
| Services | Educaton, Employment and medical treatment of womens |
| Owner | Shah Rukh Khan |
| Award(s) | UNESCO Pyramid Con Marni Award & World Economic Forum Crystal Award |
| Website | https://meerfoundation.org/A | |
|
76,733,297 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sthenopus_pyrsonotus | Sthenopus pyrsonotus | Stenopus pyrsonotus is a shrimp-like decapod crustacean belonging to the infraorder Stenopodidea, native to the Indo-West Pacific region. Common names include flameback coral shrimp, ghost boxing shrimp and cave shrimp; the species is sometimes kept in reef aquariums. | 2024-04-25T04:52:35 | # Sthenopus pyrsonotus
***Stenopus pyrsonotus*** is a shrimp-like decapod crustacean belonging to the infraorder Stenopodidea, native to the Indo-West Pacific region. Common names include **flameback coral shrimp**, **ghost boxing shrimp** and **cave shrimp**; the species is sometimes kept in reef aquariums.
## Description
*Stenopus pyrsonotus* is a fairly large stenopodidean shrimp, varying in length from about 30 to 70 mm (1.2 to 2.8 in). It has a slender compressed body covered with short blunt spines. The chelae are long and narrow, the cutting edge having several blunt, peg-like teeth. The rostrum, eyestalk and carapace are pinkish-white, while the third maxillipeds, and the coxa, basis, ischia and mer joints of the pereiopods are translucent pink. The long antennules and the other appendages are white, and the abdomen is white apart from a broad longitudinal red stripe on the dorsal surface. The telson is white while the uropods are pink.
## Distribution and habitat
*Stenopus pyrsonotus* occurs in the tropical Indo-West Pacific region, where it has been found in the Hawaiian archipelago and Mauritius. It is a benthic, cryptic species, and is found in coral reef systems, typically in crevices, in caves and under overhangs. It occurs at depths down to about 130 m (430 ft).
## Ecology
Shrimps in this family are usually found in pairs and display elaborate courtship rituals. Several specimens of *Stenopus pyrsonotus* were found in close proximity to a yellow-edged moray eel (*Gymnothorax flavimarginatus*), and it may be that this shrimp enters into a cleaning symbiosis with certain fish, as do several other members of its genus; this theory is supported by the showy white antennules and pincers, with which it may signal its availability.
## InfoBox
| Sthenopus pyrsonotus | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Decapoda |
| Suborder: | Pleocyemata |
| Family: | Stenopodidae |
| Genus: | *Stenopus* |
| Species: | ***S. pyrsonotus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Stenopus pyrsonotus***<br>Goy & Devaney, 1980 | |
| |
61,147,326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Quinlan | Jeremy Quinlan | Jeremy David Quinlan is an English former first-class cricketer. Quinlan was born at Watford in April 1965. He was educated at Sherborne School, before going up to St Peter's College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford he made his debut in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Somerset at Oxford in 1985. He played eleven further first-class matches for Oxford, the last coming in 1986. In his twelve first-class matches, Quinlan scored a total of 80 runs with a high score of 24 not out. With his right-arm medium pace bowling, he took 14 wickets at an average of 71.71, with best figures of 4 for 76. In addition to playing first-class, Quinlan also played minor counties cricket for Wiltshire in 1985, making two appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. | 2024-04-26T04:36:04 | # Jeremy Quinlan
**Jeremy David Quinlan** (born 18 April 1965) is an English former first-class cricketer.
Quinlan was born at Watford in April 1965. He was educated at Sherborne School, before going up to St Peter's College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford he made his debut in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Somerset at Oxford in 1985. He played eleven further first-class matches for Oxford, the last coming in 1986. In his twelve first-class matches, Quinlan scored a total of 80 runs with a high score of 24 not out. With his right-arm medium pace bowling, he took 14 wickets at an average of 71.71, with best figures of 4 for 76. In addition to playing first-class, Quinlan also played minor counties cricket for Wiltshire in 1985, making two appearances in the Minor Counties Championship.
## InfoBox
Jeremy Quinlan
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Jeremy David Quinlan |
| Born | (1965-04-18) 18 April 1965<br>Watford, Hertfordshire, England |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm medium |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 19851986 | Oxford University |
| 1985 | Wiltshire |
| | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class Matches 12 Runs scored 80 Batting average 10.00 100s/50s –/– Top score 24 Balls bowled 1,755 Wickets 14 Bowling average 71.71 5 wickets in innings 10 wickets in match Best bowling 4/76 Catches/stumpings 3/– | |
| | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 26 June 2019 | | |
66,573,685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_R._Bruce | Jeremy R. Bruce | Dr. Jeremy Bruce is an Orthopaedic Surgeon at Erlanger Hospital in Chattanooga, Tennessee. He is also a Program Director and Director of Sports Medicine for the Orthopedic Residency program at The University of Tennessee College of Medicine in Chattanooga. He is a ringside physician that has covered UFC fights, Bellator fights, Ringside World Boxing championship, USA Boxing events and is a member of the USA Boxing Medical Commission. Dr. Bruce was a member of the USA Bobsled and Skeleton Team and competed alongside future Olympic gold medalist Jim Shea in the North American Skeleton Championship in Calgary, AL (1994). | 2023-09-27T08:13:56 | # Jeremy R. Bruce
Dr. Jeremy Bruce is an Orthopaedic Surgeon at Erlanger Hospital in Chattanooga, Tennessee. He is also a Program Director and Director of Sports Medicine for the Orthopedic Residency program at The University of Tennessee College of Medicine in Chattanooga. He is a ringside physician that has covered UFC fights, Bellator fights, Ringside World Boxing championship, USA Boxing events and is a member of the USA Boxing Medical Commission. Dr. Bruce was a member of the USA Bobsled and Skeleton Team and competed alongside future Olympic gold medalist Jim Shea in the North American Skeleton Championship in Calgary, AL (1994).
## Education
He received his BS, MS from Springfield College. He got his medical degree from the Medical College of Georgia and then residency from University of Tennessee College of Medicine in Chattanooga. Dr. Bruce completed his fellowship training in sports medicine from the Andrews Institute, in Gulf Breeze, Florida.
## Research and career
According to Dr. Jeremy Bruce's research on Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction shows that it has increased 10-fold in the first decade of the 21st century. He also quoted that due to the trend of UCL injuries continues to be on the rise, athletes aged 14 to 16 are less likely to return to the sport after Tommy John surgery.
## Publications
* How much valgus instability can be expected with ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries? A review of 273 baseball players with UCL injuries.
* Revision Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction.
* Ulnar collateral ligament injuries in the throwing athlete.
* Magnetic resonance imaging-based classification for ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the elbow.
* Viable stem cells are in the injury effusion fluid and arthroscopic by-products from knee cruciate ligament surgery: An in vivo analysis.
* Biomechanical tensile strength analysis for medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction. |
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