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When we entered kindergarten … we were told that today's students are at least one year ahead of where we were 30 years ago. Now that my children are in middle school, I've asked why they aren't reading Edgar Allen Poe, John Steinbeck and Mark Twain – classics that I read in middle school. The answer shocked me: Today's students can't read at that level. What's going on?
I would say the first half of your observation is absolutely correct. Today, we see many students come into kindergarten already reading, and the curriculum is asking us to move the children about a year ahead of a traditional pace seen when we were kids and earlier. This is mainly in the areas of reading and math.
So why would a child start out ahead but not be able to comprehend above grade level in middle school? I think my answer might get me in trouble, but I will give it anyway. In a push to have children over-perform, we forget to develop the whole child.
The children read titles before they are developmentally ready to deal with themes and literature becomes formulaic and not something to be understood or internalized. If you hear parents bragging that a very young child is reading titles better suited to middle school, these kids are not really ahead and may very well find themselves behind in middle school. They will say, later, that they “already read that” when they had no background or experience to understand the dilemmas or themes.
Do I think we should stop teaching kids to read at an earlier age? No, but I do think we need to educate the whole child, no matter how early they read. If we decide to lay the foundation earlier, as we are doing now, then we need to start building a broader base. We also need to understand that kids who read later can be just as bright, so skills need to be accessible to all at their own pace.
The other subjects – science and social studies, art and music – are equally important and we cannot forget to give all kids building blocks in language arts and math even if kids show signs of early skill development. The introduction of the Common Core, which is a national movement to get states on board together in teaching the same basics, is a movement I am excited about so long as it does not remove the classics. Literature does give students the experience and background knowledge needed to become truly educated.
There is one other piece important to note here: I would normally include some material from those authors in middle school – such as Steinbeck's short stories or Twain's “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.” Other materials I would save for high school, when students are more mature. That, for example, is the best time for an in-depth look at Huckleberry Finn.
I'm trying out Twitter now, so if you would like to weigh in on this topic online, follow me there, too; twitter.com/goasktheteacher or [email protected]
- Anaheim teen on sidewalk dies after being hit by car in Stanton
- Brief stolen car chase in Huntington Beach ends with four in custody
- Taco Bell kitchen delivers deep-fried chicken taco shell, testing a Cheetos burrito and b
- Angels manager Mike Scioscia convinced he's right about controversial play, protest after
- Wolf-dog Leeloo's DNA test results are in: Her future hangs in the balance | {
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Volume 18, Number 5
From the Editor jennifer j. rose
Repairing Lawyers at Risk.
The Chair's Corner Wynn A. Gunderson
It's a Family Affair
The Business of Law Edward Poll
Technology Challenges in Law Firm Mergers.
Bumps In the Road
Integrating Treatment into the Justice System
Martha W. Barnett
The president of the ABA discusses addiction in the legal profession.
Bumps in the Road
Myer J. (Michael) Cohen
Long hours, demanding clients, and inhospitable work environments-it's a guaranteed recipe for stress, burnout, depression, and substance abuse. But the organized bar is fighting back, helping lawyers regain health, save licenses, salvage families, and protect clients.
Twenty Questions for Problem Drinkers
Michael Sweeney and Meloney Crawford Chadwick
Carol P. Waldhauser
Lawyers can help prevent addiction in their practices, communities, families, and themselves. Here are the basic facts on addiction.
Demystifying 12-Step Programs
An inside look at 12-step programs, including meeting etiquette, how to find a meeting, and what types of meetings are available.
Other Bumps in the Road
Are you suffering from a "blue" moment or the kind of depression that requires professional intervention?
Paul R. Ashe
Learn how to spot the signs of a gambling problem, and how to use a compulsive gambling defense when facing sentencing or disbarment proceedings.
Kimberly S. Young
Internet addiction is being identified as the culprit in an increasing number of divorce cases, child custody battles, criminal litigations, and law practice failures.
Adult Attention Deficit Disorder
Alan C. Bail
Find out whether ADD is affecting your life.
Getting On with It: Recovery Success Stories
Donald Muccigrosso and Donna L. Spilis
Not everyone makes it to the other side, but these lawyers have. Here are their stories.
Managing an Impaired Lawyer's Practice and Files During Recovery
Frederic W. (Fritz) Knaak
When contacted by an impaired lawyer or his or her family or colleagues, the Minnesota Lawyers Concerned for Lawyers program coordinates an intervention and keeps the practice on an even keel while the lawyer seeks treatment. More than 30 other states have similar programs.
The Dangerous Link Between Chronic Office Chaos, Stress, Depression, and Substance Abuse
Nancy Byerly Jones
Last-minute panics, little pre-planning of case strategies, weak leadership, mismanagement of files, high turnover, and frequent client complaints-is this a snapshot of your office? If so, find out how to decrease office chaos and improve morale.
Protecting Your Personal Relationships
Lawyers can unwittingly undermine relationships with family and friends when they bring home an adversarial turn of mind. Find out how to communicate with your loved ones. | {
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Standing at the entrance to Louisiana’s state capitol building on a sunny morning in April, Dee Burbank paraphrased Jesus. “It’s been said that if we know the truth, the truth will set us free,” Burbank declared, pausing for effect as more than 1,000 teenagers gathered on the stone steps below her fell into a round of whooping. “But I add to that, if you follow a lie, the lie of the sexual revolution–if you follow a lie, you may die.”
A small woman with glasses perched professorially on her nose, Burbank railed against sex outside of marriage in a cadence that brought skilled politicians and pastors to mind. “It’s a privilege to be here with our greatest treasure, our young people–and our legislative officials, our other governmental officials, to celebrate the truth that will set us free!” she boomed. As Burbank reached a crescendo–shouting that “Ignorance, stupidity can only reign so long because the truth will emerge like the phoenix and rise and light the skies!”–one blond, ponytailed girl in the audience leaned over and marveled to her friend, “Wow, she could be a preacher!”
Dee Burbank is neither politician nor preacher. She is a doctor on the payroll of Louisiana’s Governor’s Program on Abstinence, or GPA–and one of many people whose zeal for eradicating sexual activity among young people has helped elevate a certain “truth,” as she and many other advocates call their complete censure of all extramarital sex, into an official statewide message trumpeted by politicians, teachers and budding teen political advocates. The fact that Burbank and others were holding a rally to promote abstinence, which she calls “the age-old practice of self-government,” at the seat of actual government speaks to the murky political territory that abstinence-only education has come to occupy.
Using money that flows from Washington through the governor’s office, GPA leaders presented an award to Governor Kathleen Blanco, a Democrat who inherited the program from her Republican predecessor. Then the hordes of teens in matching blue GPA T-shirts lunched on chicken and biscuits at the governor’s mansion. As Curtis Lipscomb, a 17-year-old who served as membership director of his high school’s GPA club in Ouachita, Louisiana, pointed out, “There’s not many clubs that the government backs and supports with all its power.”
That’s high school clubs Lipscomb is talking about, and he’s right. In fact, while federally funded programs for children, from school lunches to childcare, are being slashed, abstinence-only education is expanding. In 1996, when Congress approved the Social Security Act, one of several sources of federal funding for abstinence education, Washington put just $4 million toward such programs. Since then, more than $700 million has been lavished on programs that discourage sex; and President Bush has requested a total of $206 million for the next fiscal year. | {
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A gift which provides studio space and funding for 12 to 14 students from art schools across the country to spend their summer at Ox-Bow.
Both LeRoy and Janet are alumni of the School of the Art Institute of Chicago & Ox-Bow.
“LeRoy Neiman has been intimately involved with the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and Ox-Bow for many years—as a student, then a faculty member, and now as a wonderful benefactor with his wife Janet, herself an alumna of SAIC, LeRoy is particularly sensitive to what Ox-Bow offers to the working artist, and comments often on the productive time he spent there and how the bucolic serenity of that special place was crucial to his development as a painter. These generous scholarships are especially significant as they are a gift from one remarkable artist to many young artists. Because of the Neimans’ gift they’ll be able to study at this unique open-air studio for many years to come.” | {
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Children’s book publishers in Russia come in different sizes and specializations. Rosman Group, publisher of Rowling, Pullman, Paolini, Funke, and Stine, is the biggest, ranked #7 in the Russian publishing industry. Meanwhile, small indie publishers, spurred by market demand for new authors, unusual topics and unique translations, have sprung up and are growing fast.
The biggest of these indies is seven-year-old Meshcheryakov, which has used its brand name to start Curiosity Shop for Children’s Books (11 outlets opened and 40 planned by year-end) to help other indie publishers distribute their titles in such Russian cities as Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd, and Samara. The company has also moved into e-books (under the imprint Milk Moustache), apps development, and stationery (the brand name Shy Fly). (Meshcheryakov was discussed in the Publishing in Russia 2011 report.)
Then there are KompasGuide, Pink Giraffe, and Samokat, which have found their niche markets and are working hard to expand their publishing programs and distribution networks. Here are their stories.
KompasGuide’s first two projects—“1989: Ten Stories to Cross the Walls” (published on the 20th anniversary of the Berlin Wall’s fall) and “Book about Human Rights” (illus. by Jacqueline Duheme)—clearly show its publishing philosophy, to educate children and young adults about social values, tolerance, and global issues.
Since then, the seven-member indie house has put out about 70 titles, 30 in 2010. “We have also established six different lines of books. For instance, Generation Www is for teen novels, Citizens of the World aims to promote global understanding, while Children versus Adults addresses child-parent relationships,” says editor-in-chief Vitali Ziusko. The young company has released such titles as Franck Pavloff’s “Matin Brun,” Marina Aromshtam’s “When the Angels Rest” (12,000 copies in circulation), Josep Tassies’s “Nombres Robados” (“Stolen Names”) and Beate Hanika’s “Rotkappchen muss weinen” (“Little Red Riding Hood Must Cry”).
Says managing director Marina Kadetova, “This year, we will publish some classics by Michael Ende, a collection of plays by Istvan Orkeny, and several picture books by young Russian illustrators. We will continue to invite international authors and illustrators, such as Wolf Erlbruch, Ketil Bjornstad, and Olivier Tallec, to Russia for various events.”
KompasGuide originally sold its books through an intermediary, a medium-size publisher. It also pushed its titles at book fairs and selected arts-and-crafts markets as well as through its Web site. Says Ziusko, “We decided to publish as many interesting titles as possible so that when we had 10 or 20 titles, we could convince retailers and wholesalers to take our books. The plan worked: in 2011, exactly one and a half years after launching our first title, we signed on with Moscow-based retailers and wholesalers such as 36.6, Omega-L, Grand-fair, Infra-M, and Knorus. Readers living in other regions can also purchase our titles online through Labirint.ru.”
Independent bookstores, adds Ziusko, are alive and well in Russia. “They help many small and independent publishers like us to survive. One can sell 2,000 copies through shops in Moscow as well as those in regional cities, such as Vperepliote in Penza, Poryadok slov in St. Petersburg, Piotrovsky in Perm, Oksumoron in Saratov, and Grammatika in Kaluga. Of course, small publishers have to be more aggressive in pushing their books outside the usual bookstores.”
This is the house of Eric Carle and Robert Sabuda in Russia. Established in 2009 by Julia Zagachin and Marina Kozlova, it has about 70 titles in its catalogue, half of which are translations of children’s classics from the U.S. and U.K. It boasts many bestsellers such as Carle’s “The Very Hungry Caterpillar,” Stephen Hawking’s “George’s Secret Key to the Universe,” Dina Sabitova’s “Glikeria,” and Sabuda and Matthew Reinhart’s “Encyclopedia Prehistorica: Dinosaurs.”
Zagachin and Kozlova met while working on an online charitable organization that eventually grew into the New York-based Help Journal, and both continue to work with various charities, especially those helping children undergoing cancer treatment. Sale proceeds from a Joseph Brodsky book, for instance, went to Podari Zhizh (Gift of Life Foundation), and books are frequently donated to orphanages and libraries. For American-born Zagachin, the biggest change in children’s publishing is “the number of publishers like us that have appeared on the scene who are willing to invest in children’s books. Four or five years ago, the quantity and quality of children’s books were simply not there.”
For now, Pink Giraffe (the name is courtesy of Zagachin’s then four-year-old son) conducts its marketing mostly through its Web site. The team also attends events and festivals, holds contests, and works with schools and libraries. In the coming months, new titles such as Robert McCloskey’s “Make Way for Ducklings,” Laura Ingalls Wilder’s Little House series, Natalie Babbitt’s “Tuck Everlasting,” and Robert Cormier’s “The Chocolate War” will find their way to many kids’ and young adults’ shelves.
And the secret to Pink Giraffe’s successful publishing program? “Child editors. Usually a book is read by at least four kids before we make the final decision whether to publish, and their answers are basically either thumbs up or thumbs down. We have never published a title that was not approved by this group, and this editorial process seems to work very well for us.” As for translation, Zagachin considers it an art. “The less text in a book, the bigger the challenge because then every word matters. Often, it involves a play on words, as with our upcoming title “Art & Max” by David Wiesner. That said, editing is sometimes as important as translating, and fortunately we have great teams for both tasks.”
Daniel Pennac’s novel for children, “Cabot-Caboche,” launched Samokat. In 2003, the popular Russian journalist Sergej Buntmann commented on the radio that the dog depicted in the novel reminded him of his own dog. His reading of the book on the air over three months, was the best publicity publisher Irina Balakhonova could ever hope for, and the book went on to sell 23,000 copies. “My business partner and I established this small press in 2002 with $4,000, which was a big investment for us, but was nowhere enough to get started. So we identified several interesting projects and then went to the French consulate to apply for a translation grant under its Pushkin program. Pennac’s novel was the first on our list.”
Through such translation grants, Balakhonova and her team have published about 100 titles and translated nearly 17 languages into Russian, including German illustrator Rotraut Susanne Berner’s Wimmelbuch series (30,000 copies sold) and Norwegian writer Maria Parr’s “Vaffelhjarte” and “Tonje Glimmerdal” (20,000 and 12,000 copies sold respectively). “We have just published British author Philippa Pearce’s “Tom’s Midnight Garden,” and Andreas Steinhofel’s “Rico, Oskar und die Tieferschatten” and Jean-Claude Mourlevat’s “Le Chagrin du Roi Mort” will be out soon.” Efforts to nurture Russian originals have also borne fruit, as seen from Sergej Sedov’s “Tales About Moms,” which has sold about 22,000 copies.
Samokat’s most successful recent titles are Russian psychologist Ekaterina Murashova’s “To Heal or to Love” and Italian writer Bianca Pizzorno’s “Ascolta Mio Cuore.” “Stories such as these that talk about parent-child relationships, or about friendship and school life, strike a chord with our readers because of their universality,” adds Balakhonova, who has sold originals to various countries, including Italy (RCS), France (Bayard Jeunesse), and Spain (Pearson).
Most of Samokat’s titles are sold “through small and medium-sized indie bookshops—the so-called alternative booksellers, which are closer to the reader and more receptive to small houses like us,” says Balakhonova. “Around 30% of our sales come from online stores, 12% from Labirint. Our team also visits the regions, where few know of our books. Fortunately, there are several indie bookstores that know how to sell our books despite the lack of information about them or the authors—an irony really, considering the ubiquity of social networking and all the information we have around us.” | {
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(PETOSKEY, Mich.) — Authorities and family members are searching for clues in the disappearance of a Michigan couple and their child.
Timothy Medsker, 33, and Sabrina Medsker, 34, vanished with their 4-month-old son Joshua without any warning. They were last seen at a birthday party for their niece and their last phone call was placed on Feb. 16.
The young couple has a successful cleaning business with strong ties to the small Michigan town of Petoskey. Despite attempts to track them down, the family and police haven’t heard from them.
“This is 100 percent out of character and very concerning,” said Kelly Manthei, Timothy Medsker’s sister.
Police searched the home a second time this week and took computers and personal papers to look for clues about what happened to the family, but so far there have been no leads.
Nothing seemed out of the ordinary. The couple even talked about attending a baby shower this weekend.
“All of their personal belongings were there including clothing, computers, food, paperwork — it looked like something spooked them,” said Petoskey Detective David Schultz.
“Anytime we have a missing person or someone who can’t be contacted usually in a small town like this a few phone calls and we know where there at, but obviously now almost going on three weeks this is not the case,” said Schultz.
The family worries that there’s something more to this story.
Police believe they left by choice and are likely traveling in their silver 2010 Ford F-150 pickup.
Copyright 2012 ABC News Radio
Emanuella Grinberg, CNN Newswire
Jeremy Diamond and Stephen Collinson, CNN Newswire | {
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The Flight of the Red Balloon Trailer (2008)
Suzanne (Juliette Binoche) is charming but she is a mother snowed under by obligations. With her puppet shows, the classes she teaches and the two children, Simon and Louise, that she has been raising alone since their father left, she hasn't got a minute to herself. To help her, she takes in a young Taiwanese babysitter, Song Fang, who is a student at Paris University. On his way home from school, Simon, who is 7 years old, leads her through the streets and cafés of his neighborhood. Soon, Song Fang and Simon share an imaginary world: a strange red balloon follows them, even in the exhibition space of the Musée d'Orsay. While Suzanne is caught up in a court case involving her tenant downstairs, who refuses to leave, every day, Son Fang becomes more important in her life. In the end, it is Song Fang's Asian perspective that helps Suzanne get to grips with her life.
2 min 14 sec
March 06, 2008
April 4, 2008
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By Bishop Jonathan Holston
But he wanted to justify himself, so he asked Jesus, ˜And who is my neighbor? Luke 10:29 (NRSV)
An anonymous writer penned these words titled A Collection of Attitudes, referencing the parable of the Good Samaritan, saying: To the expert in the law, the wounded man was a subject to discuss; To the robbers, the wounded man was someone to use and exploit; To the religious men, the wounded man was a problem to be avoided; To the innkeeper, the wounded man was a customer to serve for a fee; To the Samaritan, the wounded man was a human being worth being cared for and loved; To Jesus, all of them and all of us were worth dying for.
Confronting the needs of others often brings out various attitudes in us. Jesus used the parable of the Good Samaritan to make clear what attitude was acceptable to him. We learn that our neighbor is anyone in need, and love means acting to meet a person s need. Wherever you live, there are needy people close by. They are men and women, boys and girls, single and married, as well as those who are single-again. They represent all ages, ethnicities and nationalities. They are our family, friends and neighbors.
On Sunday, Oct. 13, we will celebrate the Children s Sabbath across our S.C. Conference. The Conference Task Force for the Campaign for Children in Poverty is giving leadership to this effort to dream God-size dreams and make a difference in the lives of children. The Children s Sabbath is a celebration of hope that is committed to educating congregations about the state of today s children and families in our communities.
As chairperson of our conference task force, Martha Thompson is giving tremendous leadership to our effort. She has reminded us all that it only takes one individual who is committed to a cause to unite with others and ministry begins. It is a reminder that we all have the capacity to transform the world of children living in poverty.
Please know that I need your participation to shape the lives of children and their future. When we address the issues of poverty, we are being good neighbors.
Recently, I found an illustration that speaks powerfully to that capacity to make a difference. Taken from the tomb of a bishop in Westminster Abbey, it simply says:
When I was young and free and my imagination had no limits, I dreamed of changing the world.
As I grew older and wiser and realized the world would not change, I shortened my sights somewhat and decided to change only my country; but it too seemed immovable.
As I grew into my twilight years, I settled on changing only my family and those closest to me, but alas they would have none of it.
Now as I lay on my deathbed and I suddenly realize
That if I had only changed myself first, then by example I could perhaps have changed my family, and from their inspiration and encouragement to me, I would have been better able to help my country and from there I would have been better able to change the world.
Friends, the opportunity to make a difference is before us. Let us celebrate the Children s Sabbath on Oct. 13 and change the world of children in poverty. | {
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LEARNING MADE EASY
I’VE SPENT M Y CAREER AS A SPECIALIST and coach working with teens and young adults diagnosed with ADHD.
TIP 1:; ADHD is a real
A lot of my time is focused on helping
teens accept and successfully manage
ADHD medication. Why am I not writing
this article for parents? If a teen is the
one who has been prescribed medica-
tion, my goal is to help him fully under-
stand and own his treatment plan. Even
if he is still in high school, no one, in-
cluding his parents or doctors, can force
him to take medication if he doesn’t
want to. If he’s out of high school, he’s
already learned that taking ADHD meds
is up to him. Here are some pointers I
pass along to students I work with:
medical condition, and
medication is an important
part of managing it.
Many teens and young adults have a
hard time believing that they need medication. They feel they should be able to
manage without it. Some teens I meet
organize their lives successfully without
medication, and others wish they could
but can’t. What stops many teens from
taking medication is the feeling that
ADHD isn’t a real medical problem.
If this sounds like you, think about
this: If you wear glasses (or contacts) and
were asked to take them off (or out) and
try harder to see, what would your reaction be? You wouldn’t do it and you
would think it was a crazy idea. Given all
the research done on the biological basis
of ADHD, functioning without medication is similar to trying to see without
glasses. Without glasses you might have
fuzzy vision, take longer to do something, bump into things, and be fatigued
by trying to see.
When you are a student, attention is
key to learning and succeeding. Agreeing
to use medication now doesn’t mean
you’ll take it forever. Some students I’ve
MAKE THE GRADES
Listen Up, Teens:
5 Tips for Minding Your Meds
Heading off to college soon, or already on campus?
These medication to-dos will make your college time a
grade-A experience. BY THERESA E. LAURIE MAITLAND, PH.D.
An “ADHD club” would allow my child to
develop friendships with kids dealing with
the same challenges. —YOUR TURN, PAGE 61
61 TEACHERS WE LOVE 61 YOUR TURN
Parker talk about
how you know if
ADHD meds are
working for you in
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Toddlers learn about their world by using their senses, manipulating objects and experimenting. Toddlerhood is marked by an explosion of development in all areas, including fine motor skills, or “hand skills”. One fun way to promote fine motor skills every day (and on Valentine’s Day in particular) is through crafts!
Here is a short, craft-friendly guide to fine motor milestones:
- Scribbling and making horizontal or vertical lines – 2 years old
- Squeezing out glue – 2 years old (though squeezing out an appropriate amount of glue is a skill that will not develop until much later!)
- Snipping with scissors – 2 ½ years old (with constant supervision!)
- Drawing circles and a rough cross – 3 years old
- Stringing large beads – 3 years old
- Cutting on a line – 3 ½ years old
Unless you are hoping for updated living room walls, your toddler will need constant supervision, direction and demonstration throughout all of these projects. When these tasks are completed, everyone’s heart will be warmed when you see your child beaming with pride at what has been created.
A few fun and simple craft projects to try with your toddler this Valentine’s Day:
- Make a valentine for family members, classmates, or neighbors. Young toddlers will be satisfied with simple tools such as finger paints or crayons. Older children may want to add glitter, stamps, or stickers.
- Create a keepsake by making a handprint flower. Paint your child’s hand one solid color and applying even pressure press the painted hand down on paper. Together, paint a green stem under the handprint. Paint your child’s thumbs green and press down on the stem in various spots to create the leaves. (Note: this will be difficult for children younger than 2 years old.)
- Create a “love book.” Ask your child to name different things, people, ideas and places that he loves. Write his exact words on separate pieces of paper, and have your child draw a picture (or color in a picture) of his different statements. Bind the book together when he is finished.
- Make a “love bug.” Prep work: cut out various sizes, shapes and colors of hearts using construction paper. Glue the hearts together in bug forms. For example, heart wings, a small heart head, a large heart body, or several small hearts in a line could be the body of caterpillar. Draw on the antennae, eyes, nose, and mouth. | {
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Yesterday I stepped out of my comfort zone and attended my very first creative writing workshop. This story is not so much about the workshop content, but about events surrounding it.
A little background, because how I got there was a bit circuitous and adds to my overall wonderment of the story.
Through a series of offhand remarks and following up on a "coincidental" conversation with the owners of GPLDG, the company I work for, I am taking a course in Web Design and Development at Phoenix College. It happened very quickly: Conversation at the company Christmas party; affirmation a week later that it wasn't just wine talking; a little on-line research; voila! next thing I know I'm picking up a campus parking sticker and having my student ID picture taken.
School began on January 18. Two weeks into the course, I was passing through the school website to get into my student email account. Before I clicked off the home page something caught my eye. It was this:
New this Spring!
Weekly Creative Writing Workshop
Open to All Students
Thursdays 2:30-3:30pm (starting January 27)
Room ### in the English Department
Writers of all levels exchange feedback on each other's work.
Discuss various writing topics and work with creative writing prompts.
All types of creative writing welcome: poetry, creative non-fiction, short and flash fiction, novel excerpts, play and screenplay scenes.
What to bring: Something to scribble with and something to scribble on. If you would like to workshop a piece of writing, please bring about 5 copies.
Before I even connected that the time was tailor made (my Web class ends at 2:15 on Thursday), and before I even noticed I had already missed the first session, and before I had the chance to think about the fact that I have nothing at all to workshop, I sent an email to Jacquie, the contact listed in the ad. Within minutes I received a reply that I was absolutely welcome to participate. I marveled at my own impetuousness.
I planned to begin immediately, two days later, which would have been only the second workshop session. Unfortunately, on that Thursday, for the first time in months, I had a pressing task at work for which I had to return right after my Web Design class ended. Normally I might have taken that as an omen, but no, it was like I was being led to the writing workshop by some unseen force, so before returning to work, I stopped by to introduce myself to Jacquie and to obtain the weekly writing prompt in order to experiment.
Several days later, in a monthly group meeting with 5 good friends, when it was my turn to talk I spoke about my going-back-to-school experiences with the Design class and then brought up the happy little bonus of the writing group, lamenting that I already had to miss the first one I was supposed to attend. This is a group of very intuitive women, and what three of them said next was something I hadn't even considered. They all felt very strongly that the real reason I happened into going back to school had way more to do with the workshop than the course I'm taking. Additionally, a few days later, while recounting the workshop story to my Mom, also an intuitive, and before I even got to the part about what my friends said, she made the same observation! Well, OK then. All my intuitives are on the same page!
Onward to the next Thursday, the aforementioned yesterday. I finished everything I needed to do at work before I left for my Web Design class. When it ended I made my way down to the workshop space, which is a conference room rather than a classroom, so the seating style was a table in the middle of the room with chairs all around it. I was the first one there but was soon joined by Jacquie, two women, one older and one younger, and one older and two fairly young guys. One of the younger guys sat next to me on my right and immediately turned to me and said, "Hi, I'm Eric." I introduced myself and we shook hands.
The workshop started with the writing prompt. We all spent about 20 minutes writing the first thing that came to us and then we all took turns reading aloud what we had written. I was nervous because they seemed way more experienced and writerly than me, but I took a deep breath and shared. My piece was well received, a huge relief. We spent the remainder of the hour "workshopping" pieces that several of them had brought.
I left feeling pretty jazzed. One reason was because I didn't make a fool of myself and the other was because I was headed to see my FABulous hair stylist, Miguel. It had been over 4 months since my last haircut and this was only my second time visiting his salon since meeting him at the Temple. He works in a really cool space called Trini, right next to my favorite coffee shop, Lola, on Roosevelt.
I'll bet you're wondering if I'm just digressing here. No, I'm not!
So I was at my way overdue hair appointment, seated comfortably in the hair washing chair, Miguel administering a fantastic cranial massage, when another stylist and client walked into the room. The client, a young guy, sat down next to me on my right hand side. Out of the corner of my eye, I see it is Eric, the guy I had just sat next to, and met for the first time only about an hour before in the workshop. We were both just completely amazed at the "coincidence." I mean really, Phoenix is one big ass city, you know? And it's not like Trini and Phoenix College are next door to each other.
As Miguel led me to his chair to cut my hair, I explained how weird this little synchronicity actually was. All of a sudden he said, " I had something like that happen today too!" He woke up early that day, which he said was very unusual for him. He prepared a bowl of cereal and turned on the TV to watch the morning news, something else he said he never does. He watched a report about people waiting in line overnight to be first in line for the release of the new iPhone offered by Verizon. The first person in line was being interviewed, a young woman who had been there since 3:30am. She was wearing a hoody and shivering from the cold, but quite excited, he said. Several hours later when Miguel got to the salon, his first client of the day came in. She was someone he was meeting for the first time. After the introduction was made she excitedly showed him her new iPhone that she was able to obtain that morning. And then she said, "I was even interviewed for the news!" And then Miguel realized that she was the girl he'd seen on TV because he, for some odd reason, couldn't sleep that morning.
After my haircut, I went next door to Lola to wait for Pat who would be joining me shortly after taking the light rail from work. Over coffee I told her all about my exciting day, and in particular, about both my and Miguel's odd synchronistic new person meetings. Pat listened intently and then asked, "Who ARE these people?" | {
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Church, State, Civilization
Part 1: Allow Me to Explain The Darkness Of The Human Soul
The title of this post is meant to be something of a joke as I took it from this South Park clip:
I want to discuss what I see as some of the implications of the current standard understanding of human psychology as seen through a Darwinian lens. I don’t think I’m saying anything that hasn’t been said in other places, but maybe I’m putting together things that haven’t been put together before.
Current Darwinian theory holds that there have been three great forces shaping human nature. First there is the simple requirement to survive in competition with other organisms. These forces have produced the “selfish genes” which proliferate due to their ability to survive and replicate. These selfish genes produce organisms seeking their own individual survival and reproduction so that they may pass on their genes.
The second force is kin selection which explains the seemingly contradictory fact that many organisms spend a good deal of time and energy not on their own selfish needs, but on their offspring and families. Kin selection shows how a gene may still be interested in its own survival despite having the organism it inhabits acting altruistically since sexually reproducing organisms will share 50% of their genes with their offspring.
Finally, reciprocal altruism shows how an organism might still benefit even if it makes sacrifices that benefit unrelated organisms, as long as the other organism in turn reciprocate and provide a benefit as least as great as the cost of cooperation.
The long working of these forces on our species has molded human psychology, and created the psychological processes that in turn produce behavior. Genes build brains that produce consciousness that produces behavior. You can think of the brain and body as a ship built and outfitted by the genes for a journey on which they are passengers. The genes have provided our expedition with the tools past experience has shown to be needed in dealing with the various contingencies that can be expected on the journey.
Psychological processes are not different in kind from other biological processes. That is to say, our psychological processes have been designed by natural selection and work according to the same principles as other biological processes. Like, say, the heart, lungs, or liver, psychological processes have been selected for their ability to produce some beneficial effect. In the case of psychological processes, they are all designed to ultimately contribute to some successful behavior. As Millikan writes: “The capacity to have desires is maintained in the species, then, only insofar as some desires become goals, then become intentions, and finally are fulfilled. Hence one of the functions of desires too is to guide the organism towards their own fulfillment” (White Queen Psychology, p. 166).
For example, the struggle for individual survival and reproduction has produced our self-interested psychological processes. The subjective feeling of hunger, for instance, is designed to get the organism to procure food, to actually produce food-seeking behavior; sexual attraction is designed to get the organism to pursue sex; fear is designed to get the organism to seek safety, and so on. I need a name for this self-interested aspect of psychology and am going to call it the ego. This should not be confused with any other uses of “ego” such as Freudian accounts, but the word does have the connotation of selfishness, and so it seemed a suitable choice. Hunger, thirst, the sex drive, and fear are mental states that result from the workings of the ego. In addition, there is the drive to procure the means to achieve these ends–power–which mostly takes the form of the desire for material goods, wealth, or status. Finally, there is the desire to achieve these things with the expenditure of as little energy as possible, which you might call efficiency (or laziness if you’re feeling less kind).
The brain gets the organism to act in distinctive ways by producing mental states with imperative content. This just means that certain mental states are designed to produce behavior as hunger is designed to get the organism to go and procure food. Other mental processes such as beliefs do not have imperative content; they are not designed to produce behavior themselves, but they are supposed to be invoked as guides to behavior. The imperative content is encoded in the qualitative nature of consciousness, what philosophers call “qualia.” Appetites and emotions are imperative mental states.
The second force, kin-selection, has produced in us the subjective feeling of love and affection for our family members (but also conflicts between siblings). These emotional states are supposed to get the organism to care for and protect its offspring. Finally, our long history as social animals has produced pro-social feelings such as friendship and camaraderie, or loneliness and fear of ostracism, in order to benefit us through cooperating with others. In “Restoring a Virtue-Based Ethics for the 21-st Century” I argued that virtue is the process whereby these latter social emotions benefit the individual and take precedence over the imperatives of the selfish ego. These social emotions are self-interested, but they differ from the other imperatives of the ego in that they are designed to prevent or impede the workings of the ego in those cases where acting on its imperative would be disadvantageous as compared to producing a beneficial effect on potential cooperators.
It might be an oversimplification to state that the ego motivates with pleasure, kin selection with love, and reciprocal altruism with friendship or camaraderie, but it is pretty close.
If consciousness is produced by the brain, and the brain is produced by the genes in order to serve their ends, consciousness must be designed to further the ends of our genes. (“Serving the ends of” is transitive in this case.) A strong version of this thesis is that consciousness is constantly, in every instance, every single thought, actually serving the interests of the genes. A weaker version would hold that as long as major needs are met, such as hunger, thirst, safety, and sexual satisfaction, the mind is left free to wonder. But soon enough you can be sure that hunger or thirst or even boredom will create imperative states to get the organism up and moving and following the genetic imperatives.
One might be tempted to reply that psychological processes are independent of genetic influence. For example, in The Blank Slate Pinker writes:
The genes have metaphorical motives–making copies of themselves–and the organisms they design have real motives. But they are not the same motives. Sometimes the most selfish thing a gene can do is wire unselfish motives into the human brain–heartfelt, unstinting, deep-in-the-marrow unselfishness.
Combine this with the common misconception that the genes are a kind of essence or core of the person, and you get a mongrel of Dawkins and Freud: the idea that the metaphorical motives of the genes are the deep, unconscious, ulterior motives of the person. That is an error.
It would be easy to misinterpret a quote such as this as showing that our psychological processes aren’t serving genetic interests. Pinker thinks there is a line, a dualism, somewhere between genes and consciousness, and on one side of this line you have morality and on the other side you have value-free biological processes. When evaluating the morality of someone’s actions you should not consider the genetic ends these actions are serving. I’m not here arguing that this isn’t true or that there isn’t such a line (although if it does exist it must have been itself designed by the genes for their motives (or by God)), I am just claiming that even if there is such a line it doesn’t show that consciousness isn’t designed to further genetic ends. Pinker rightly claims that there are two senses of “motive”: motive-g(ene), and motive-h(human). But motive-h is indeed designed to further motive-g. Pinker urges us to pay no mind to that man behind the curtain when discussing morality, but he is there. If we switch from talk of motives to biological functions it must be that the brain structures that have the function to produce consciousness are serving genetic ends in doing so.
The imperatives of the ego are causal processes, like all biological processes, and considered by itself, in isolation from other psychological influences, the ego will produce its designed behavior as a matter of causal law unless something causally blocks them. (I will discuss the forces that block the workings of ego-imperatives below and in future posts) This is nothing more than saying thirst will produce drinking behavior unless, for instance, there is nothing around in the environment to drink and the organism knows this. Consider a photocopying machine. If the machine is in working condition, plugged in, filled with toner, loaded with paper, and a piece of paper with an image in placed in it, and the Copy button is pushed (Normal conditions in Millikan’s lingo), the machine will create a copy as a matter of the working of physical law. Likewise, unless impeded by other psychological states, mental or physical illness, or by the environment itself (as when the object of a desire is unavailable) the electro/chemical nervous system will succeed in producing its designed behavior as a matter of causal law.
Like all biological processes, the ego is designed to produce an effect–in this case fulfillment of its imperatives–and if these imperatives are not fulfilled it never stops working at it anymore than the lungs, heart, or liver cease at their work Normally. Just as the heart is always pumping blood, when unfulfilled the ego is always working out how to remove obstacles to its fulfillment. If left unfulfilled the appetites can increase their intensity until the organism complies; our feelings of hunger will grow stronger and stronger and make it harder and harder to resist acting on its imperative. If it feels stymied or has no idea how to proceed it will produce frustration or dissatisfaction, the purpose of which is to get the organism to work on fulfilling its imperatives.
In perusing its ends the ego employs practical reason. (In Millikan’s terms, the proper function of practical reason is producing Normal conditions for the desires.) This is just to say that if someone is hungry they will need to employ means/end reasoning in figuring out how procure food; they will have to go in the other room, open the refrigerator door, take out the food, etc.. Thus the ego is designed to do what it has to do to get around or remove obstacles that stand in the way of achieving its ends. As I mentioned before, the ego despises going unfulfilled, and will produce pain–hunger, thirst, fear, lust– as a means of getting the organism to fulfill its imperatives, and will keep employing practical reason to work on the problem. Imagine the ego as a machine for overcoming obstacles to the fulfillment of its imperatives. This is no different from Hume’s “reason is the servant of the passions” with the added biofunctionalism.
The ego creates self-interested imperative states and then works out how to fulfill them. That’s all it does. It doesn’t have conscience, sympathy, shame, or anything like that. These mental processes may exist and may serve to limit acting on the ego, but their nature and purpose, and the forces that created them, are quite different from that of the ego. Of course I am not claiming that the ego always succeeds in getting the organism to act on its imperatives, or succeeds in attaining them even if it does, or that the individual has no control over its behavior. I am only saying that imperative psychological states have the function of producing their fulfillment, whether or not they are acted upon or are fulfilled. There are many factors that can impede the ego from fulfilling its imperatives. First, there is the environment itself where the object of our appetites–food, drink, wealth, sex, power– simply might not be currently available, or there are no known means to attain them. Second, other mental states are designed to prevent the ego from producing behavior. As the ancients knew, the soul is often in conflict with itself. Just because the ego may be pushing for a behavior doesn’t mean the that whole organism is (see Millikan’s “The Bundle of Biological Purposes Which is Us.”). Hunger might be pushing us to engage in some course of action while fear is serving its function by telling us to seek safety. This has necessitated higher-order mental processes–the Will–to adjudicate between opposing urges. For one thing, the pursuit of our appetites might negatively affect other people such that they withdraw the benefits of reciprocation and cooperation. The benefits accrued by producing a beneficial effect on other people might outweigh the benefits of acting on our appetites. In this case, social emotions–fear of negative social consequences such as ostracism–will prove stronger that the imperatives of the ego. Simply put, you might crave a hot fudge sundae, but don’t want to get fat, and so resist the urges of the appetite. Or you might have a strong urge to be violent towards someone who has angered you but fear either their retribution, prison, or the consequences of gaining a reputation for being untrustworthy.
The ego is thus the source of the urge to defect and free-ride. That is to say, the psychological drive to cooperate produced by reciprocal altruism is in conflict with the ego-imperative to not have to suppress itself or expend excess energy. Imagine a group of cooperators working to gather food. If the selfish ego can receive the benefits of others’ labor without expending energy itself, it will happily do so. It is the psychological fear of punishment/ostracism and the withdrawal by the group of the benefits of reciprocal altruism that motivates cooperation. There is a dilemma playing out between conflicting psychological forces as representation of the real world consequences. The ego despises being repressed, and is designed to look for a way to enjoy the benefits of cooperation without having to repress its own desires.
Let’s now take an ego’s-eye view and look at how it can be expected to act if unimpeded by other factors. The ego would view internal impediments as just another obstacle to be overcome, in no way different from external obstacles. Even if it is the job of the social emotions to prevent the workings of the ego, it’s also part of the ego’s job to overcome these obstacles. Rationalization is the ego employing practical reason in order to get around these inner psychological obstacles to its fulfillment. It is not different in kind from figuring out how to open a door to get the food inside. If you need some particular belief to get around an impediment, the ego will happily provide it. The ego’s ability to employ both practical reason and self-deception/rationalization is a powerful combination. Almost anything can be justified through this means; any impediment to the fulfillment of the appetites can be removed. You can rationalize, say, breaking your diet (“I walked up a flight of stairs today so I now can have a hot fudge sundae”), stealing a neighbors property (“they didn’t need it anyway”). Murderers can justify murdering their victims; rapists can justify rape (“she was asking for it”).
In addition to these internal impediments to the ego there are the three great human institutions designed to limit the ego: marriage, church, and state. When these institutions are powerful in a society, most people will lack the power to overcome the pressure they exert. But the powerful, the clever, the devious, the alienated, or the resentful have the means to pursue their ego-imperatives by dismantling social and institutional obstacles. It might take decades or centuries to dismantle such institutions.
At the highest levels, practical reasoning combined with rationalization becomes theorization. In pre-civilization, if you wanted something you would simply try to take it and it didn’t require any special justification. But civilization prevents violence unless it is justifiable; it demands that we justify our actions under an abstract theory of justice. When theories of justice, or even metaphysics, compete in a marketplace, the ego will purchase its favorite. When a libertarian says ” sorry, on my theory taxation is theft therefore we can not redistribute wealth” the response will siply be to get another theory to justify redistributing wealth. If there aren’t any currently on offer, practical reason will get to work creating one; the ego will produce a theory in order to get around any restrictions placed on it (unless the society possesses strong protections against such subversion). Marxists can give their theory to justify mass murder in the taking of people’s property, and since there are always plenty of people all looking for rationalizations to have restrictions on their appetites lifted, they will seize upon the justifications offered by such theories and become passionate followers. If you need a theory in order to get around social restrictions, the ego will provide them. Post-structuralism/post-modernism are just the realization that in order to justify leftist politics you need to deny the existence of reality. If that’s what is required, so be it.
The existentialists and their intellectual descendants claimed that once all religious, social, and institutional determinants of the will were removed the individual would possess radical autonomy and be able to spontaneously create their own values. But you can not design yourself; we have already been designed. Radical autonomy can’t generate imperative content, only our evolved brain does that. The promise of radical autonomy was just a smoke screen, a fiction to explain why it wouldn’t just end up in hedonism once societal impediments to the will had been lifted. But this is exactly what happened. Existentialism didn’t usher in a golden age of self-created individuals, it just handed the will over to the same old sex, drugs, and rock n’ roll hedonism.
Marriage requires the repression of one’s ego-imperatives in a cooperate/cooperate equilibrium (discussed here and here) and so has been a prime target for liberalism. The ego’s ideal would be–instead of having to actively and constantly put in the effort to seek the happiness of your spouse–to not have to put in any effort and still be rewarded despite constant defection. Liberalism/feminism has sold marriage as an institution where one gets to defect endlessly yet still be loved unconditionally: the ego’s fondest desire. What an attractive prospect! You are supposed to be loved “for who you are” and actually putting in effort to make your spouse happy would be to violate one’s sacred autonomy/authenticity. Once the ego has “reformed” marriage it would mean you don’t have to expend any energy on the happiness of your spouse–in fact any expectation that you owe your spouse any effort is evil!–and yet can expect unconditional love. However, when both partners expect to be able to defect and yet be loved unconditionally dissatisfaction will set in as neither will put in any effort and yet expects the other to do so. Successful marriage takes constant effort on behalf of the happiness of your spouse.
Church and state will be the topics of parts 2 and 3, but I can say here that religion, being the primary obstacle to the pursuit of the appetites, will always be a primary target for removal. Once having successfully destroyed religion’s power to get people to repress their appetites, the main impediment to the fulfillment of the ego-imperatives is the preferences of other people. If their preferences can be altered or removed, the ego will happily do so. If finding overweight people unattractive can be done away with through a campaign against “fat phobia” (or “slut shaming”) the ego will try it. (I don’t think it can be so overcome as I don’t believe that that finding overweight people unattractive is a mere social convention.) Perhaps the ultimate endgame of mankind’s long struggle is to be surrounded by automatons who satisfy our every desire and indulge our every whim no matter how depraved without complaint; where no one ever has to limit their desires out of concern for its effect on other people.
Imagine an individual who lives a life of successfully fulfilling ego-imperatives. A mild version of this is the rock star life: sex with a different groupie each night, getting paid millions of dollars without having a grinding real job. This is an incredibly attractive prospect to a young man. (An aside: young men love the rock star life for the prospect of getting sex, wealth, and not having to do tedious work. But I think there is a different attraction for young girls. I don’t really think Katy Perry or Taylor Swift or their legions of young female fans are attracted to their glamorous life by the prospect of getting laid. For women, the attraction is being up on stage receiving adoration from millions of admirers. Oh, infinite validation! The female equivalent to infinite sex with groupies.) At the extreme, a rock star acting only upon the ego-imperatives will result in fat Elvis: eating whatever you want without concern for social effects, endless drugs, groupies, and blowing away TVs that annoy you.
A step up from the rock star is Tony Soprano or followers of the “Thug Life”–the gangster who feels entitled to murder whomever angers them. Here, even the ego-imperative for violence towards antagonists gets acted upon. (The Sopranos was a show about the conflicts between ego, kin and clan vs. church and state.) To many, this is what “the pursuit of happiness” would ideally entail.
Now consider the end-game of the ego-imperatives. The ultimate end of the ego would be an environment where all the restrictions on ego-imperatives has been lifted. And so the ego will always be hostile to the state as it imposes restrictions upon the working of anger to produce violence, rape, and the desire for power in the form of other people’s property. As the ego is a machine for overcoming obstacles to the fulfillment of its imperatives, and the state’s purpose is to do just that, there will always be those who are working to undo civilization and get back to kin and clan alone. You see this in the inner city, as the “stop snitching” movement seeks removal of the state’s impediment to murder. The gangs that rule in parts of Western cities mark the return to the “natural” state of kin and clan alone being the rule.
I will discuss the state in more detail in part 3.
This doesn’t mean that the ego would be unconditionally against the state. The ideal end of the ego would an American inner city or European “no-go” zone where all artificial restrictions on the ego have been lifted and we are back to kin and clan alone. The state no longer has any ability to enforce the law/restrict the working of the ego, but is still useful as a way to actively fulfill the ego-imperatives with minimal effort on the part of its beneficiaries by providing welfare payments, food, housing, and medical care. The best of both worlds: the state no longer enforces the law, but actively satisfies ego-imperatives.
On the other hand is the rich liberal. The rich liberal has the power to fulfill his desires and would view repressive social arrangements as restricting and in need of dismantling. They are the primary force looking to undermine moralistic social conventions in order to avoid social consequences from pursuing the imperatives of the ego. To the rich liberal the state is useful to protect his wealth. The poor liberal however doesn’t have any wealth to protect, doesn’t fear becoming poor as they already are poor, doesn’t have a wonderful job and lifestyle to preserve. To the poor the state isn’t a protector of their wealth since they don’t have any. To them the state is an impediment to the possession of property, just another obstacle to be removed. When the poor pursue the life of the ego you get the sad disaster you see in many poor communities. But the rich are willing to sacrifice the poor to their fate as long as it frees them to pursue their appetites.
Thus, Leftism is the biological strategy of removing all obstacles to the fulfillment of ego-imperatives, and exploiting the apparatus of the State to fulfill them. Rightism is the belief that there need to be institutional restraints against the functioning of the ego. Church, state, marriage, family, virtue, self-responsibility, all have the function of placing impediments in the way of the functioning of the ego (to a lesser extent business and military place limits on the ego through the expectations that one has duties to fulfill) and so will always be a target of Leftism.
I can’t decide what to call the opposite to a life of the ego: the life of virtue, the civilized life, the formal life. None quite capture what I am looking for so I am going to follow Aristotle in calling it “the good life” (although what I mean by that is different from what Aristotle means).
I am not saying that the ego is always bad and social emotions are always good. No one enjoys indulging their appetites more than I do, and cults can put intense social pressure on people to act against their own best interests. The issue is whether the behavior is leading towards living the form of a good human life. Rightism is the claim that in civilization the good human life involves the restraint of the ego to one’s parents, friends, family, spouse, God, and law. I discuss in more detail how virtue is the repression of the ego to produce a beneficial effect on other individuals in “Restoring a Virtue-Based Ethics For the 21st Century.” In parts two and three I will be discussing the role of church and state.
To give away the conclusion, civilization is, well, it’s an endless war of good vs. evil. It is not a set of universally agreed upon rational axioms as Rawls holds; it is the endless battle of partisans of the good life against the ego’s attempts to remove all impediments and return to kin and clan.
We will discuss the role of the church in this battle in part 2. | {
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I grew up watching RTM2. I remember that I could even know when they play reruns. Those days, we were fed by classic movies by Shirley Temple, Elizabeth Taylor and many more. Somehow, through this, I grew fond of those classic black-and-white movies and even musicals.
I also remember watching these 3 funny men (Curly, Moe and Larry) poking away at each other eyes and doing funny antics!! The three stooges . Not to forget another black-and-white comedy classic is Charlie Chaplin.
I was utterly delighted when my parents finally subscribed Astro (even though I wasn't living at home) but I could always come back and watch it! There was this channel called Turner Classic Movies which showed all these classic movies. Alas, not long after, the channel was removed. I was sooo sadd...
Nowadays, thankfully, I can find such movies being sold in the market (even though now it's more towards VCD). I'll wait for the DVD version sold at affordable prices later on. Here are some of my favourite movies, without any preference in their arrangement:
1. Breakfast in Tiffany's
Audrey Hepburn's most well-known role is that of Holly Golightly in this film. She plays a complicated, eccentric New York party girl who has her sights set on marrying a millionaire. George Peppard plays her neighbor, Paul "Fred" Varjak, a writer who is "taken care of" by a wealthy woman played by Patricia Neal. Based on the novel by Truman Capote, this film is brilliantly directed by Blake Edwards. Peppard's and Hepburn's characters are meant to be together, but it takes time for the insecure Holly to reach that conclusion.
The highlight of the movie is when she goes out, in the rain, looking for the kitten she threw out earlier. She looks so forlorn and sad. Not to mentioned the memorable song, Moon River, makes this movie one of the best so far! :)
2. Gone with The Wind
This film, based on the novel by Margaret Mitchell, is a story told from the Southern point view during and after the Civil War. Directed by Victor Fleming, it stars Vivien Leigh as Scarlett O'Hara, Clark Gable as Rhett Butler, Leslie Howard as Ashley Wilkes, and Olivia de Havilland as Melanie Hamilton. Scarlett, the spoiled, self-centered, rich girl is in love with Ashley, the upstanding, honorable young man. Ashley is engaged, then married to Melanie, a sweeter-than-humanly-possible young woman. Rhett is tough and arrogant, and he mistakenly thinks that he can win Scarlett's heart. He realizes too late that she will never truly love anyone but Ashley.
What stands out to me, is despite how spoiled Scarlett is, Rhett still loves her. She finally learns to be independent through all the hardship. When she realised her mistake of not loving Rhett, it's the momentous scene where Rhett says, "Frankly my dear, I don't give a damn." | {
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i've been very bad at making posts lately. i don't know why; it's not like i have a job or anything. i just sit around commenting on other people's blogs, and also managing my properties. that's it.
but today i read a post that hit me so much that at first i had written a very long response to it in the "comments" section over there, and then realised that you know, it should be a post here.
this is the post that inspired me; below is my response.
i'm that very rare person who has lived everywhere on my lists.
but first, i'll talk about yours.
i lived in london and paris during times where it was somewhat difficult to be a young black male; the late 80s/early 90s. [i was 17 when i moved to paris to live, basically unsupervised, even tho i was nominally with an aunt, and 22 when i rocked up in london all on my lonesome for the first time.]
i've been back for visits on a fairly regular basis after having moved away, and i'm glad i'd lived there when i was young rather than when i was older.
the thing i liked most about new york is that i didn't have to speak english if i didn't want to; i was perfectly fine, getting everywhere i needed to be, speaking only spanish. but i couldn't live in new york these days because while i can *afford* to live in a 1,000 square foot apartment all by myself in new york if i wanted to, it's really effing expensive to do so. the expense of the life to which i've become accustomed outweighs the potential awesomeness of living there. to put it another way -- i live in a 1,000 sf apartment on a main artery in central cape town for USD1000 a month. i fast talked my way into such a great deal on this place that don't see myself giving it up anytime soon.
i think i've just fibbed. i haven't lived everywhere on my lists -- i haven't lived in salvador da bahia, but i've been there so much that it practically seems that i have. and the main reason that i haven't lived there is because i'm not a very big fan of hills. at some point i will make it to fortaleza and get a house there, but i'm fairly sour on brazil as a whole.
it's a socioeconomic thing -- as a black person raised with a lot of upper middle class sensibilities, it can get trying when being in places with large black populations where black people are near the bottom of almost every social indicator. [this is another reason why i can barely tolerate the city where my mother lived at her death.] hearing "but *you're* not like that" by well-meaning non-black friends is just as nerve-wrangling at 40 as it is at 20, but at 40 you're even more aware of what happens if you were to pop them in the mouth for saying it. so you avoid the situation. it would also, of course, be easier if i only spoke english. but i've been reasonably fluent in at least one local language in every place i've lived at the very moment i got off the plane, so this adds a dimension that many "americans" who move abroad don't have.
other than that... i've lived in santo domingo, which is salvador-lite.
i've lived in dakar as well. i actually liked living in dakar. i lived in a part of town where the foreign population is from guinea and mali, not from the eu or the usa. it's a big difference. first of all, it meant that my 1000sf apartment cost USD500 a month instead of USD3000 a month; if i wanted to pay european prices for accommodation, i would live in europe. [this is also a reason i currently don't live in the parts of cape town known to house lots of first-worlders.]
interestingly enough, i also liked living in .... wait for it ... birmingham. [that's burr-ming-um and not bir-ming-hayum, even tho i have family living in the latter.] there was a vibe there that was just unexpected. now if only they could have a decent football team: villa and city are barely out of the drop zone, and if you go into the wider west midlands conurbation, it's very likely that both wolves and west brom are going back down.
a city that disappoints me greatly these days is abidjan. that was the party place of africa while south africa was under apartheid. after the rise of johannesburg, abidjan could have kept its party-spot status at least on a regional level, but the political situation there has sent everyone fleeing. the IADB moved to tunis [oops], many of the cool party places [and partiers] moved to paris, and those that wanted to stay in africa moved to dakar. i think the dakarois social scene was the only place that actually gained status out of the collapse of cote d'ivoire in general and abidjan in particular.
well, i think that's it for now. i need to get some things ready for my upcoming UK/US trip. i leave on wednesday. i pick up my son's report card at school and then i head straight to the airport. imagine that. | {
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2016 in E5 Youth launched with life groups, gathering young people (aged 10-17) to see God move in their lives and those around them. Young people chat, hang out and pray with each other and our great team of life group leaders. We ask and discuss what it means to live in relationship with God and be a disciple of Jesus. There are social nights at the end of each term for youth and their friends.
Life groups are on Friday nights, from 7-9pm at E5 Church.
Every summer we go on a summer camp to get back to basics, build great friendships and get deeper into God. We announce the camp around Easter time, so keep connected to us to find out where we’ll be heading. We also head out of the city for one weekend for some encounter time with God and fun activities.
For more information, email us at [email protected] or check out our social media pages @E5Youth: | {
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A natural question following this recent volatility is whether the recent downtick is the beginning of a further slide, or whether the volatility over the previous four quarters is a sign that the homeownership rate is finally levelling off. However, a comprehensive answer to these questions is beyond the scope of this blog post, other than to say that existing projections vary—for example, see Myers and Lee (2015), Urban Institute (2015), Mortgage Bankers Association (2015).
Instead, this blog post focuses on the contribution of foreclosures to the decade-long decline in the homeownership rate, assessing the extent to which slowing foreclosures may ease downward pressure on the homeownership rate.
While the number of completed foreclosures has declined from its 2010 peak, it remains elevated above its pre-crisis levels [Figure 2]. According to CoreLogic data, a total of about 670,000 foreclosure sales, short sales, and deed-in-lieu transactions took place in 2015. This is down from a high of 1.4 million foreclosure completions in 2010 but well above the pre-crisis average of 228,000 foreclosure completions per year from 2000 to 2004.
Understanding the contribution of foreclosures to homeownership rate declines is therefore necessary in forming expectations about the homeownership rate in coming years. While both the CoreLogic measure of foreclosure completions and the MBA estimates of the foreclosure inventory are declining quickly, the upshot is that foreclosures could produce further homeownership rate declines in 2016 (and possibly thereafter).
Source: JCHS tabulations. Foreclosure completions include foreclosure sales, short sales, and deed-in-lieu transactions from CoreLogic data. Foreclosure inventory from Mortgage Bankers Association data.
Foreclosure completions, short sales, and deed-in-lieu transactions contribute to the decline in the homeownership rate to the extent that they displace homeowner households. However, precisely measuring the contribution of these transactions to changes in the number of homeowner households is hampered by data limitations. Specifically, available data on the total number of foreclosed properties do not contain reliable information about whether properties are owner-occupied at the time of the foreclosure. Our estimates of the total number of foreclosure-related homeownership exits are therefore approximations and subject to the limitations of the data. Nonetheless, they shed light on the volume of foreclosures relative to the decline in the homeownership rate between 2005 and 2015.
First, CoreLogic data identifies a total of 9.6 million foreclosure completions, deed-in-lieu transactions, and short sales between Q3 2005 and Q2 2015. However, this total includes both transactions that displaced homeowner households and foreclosures affecting investor-owned properties or second homes. If we apply the Housing Vacancy Survey’s estimate that 60.2 percent of all housing units were owner-occupied in 2005, the CoreLogic data would imply that 5.8 million homeowner households lost their homes during this period. This estimate may slightly understate the number of owner-occupied foreclosures to the extent that multi-unit properties are more likely to be renter-occupied; however, a larger concern is that investment properties are likely to be over-represented among foreclosures. As an alternative, we also apply a more conservative estimate that 50 percent of foreclosure completions affected homeowner-occupied properties, producing a lower estimate of 4.8 million foreclosures among owner-occupied properties.
For comparison, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Consumer Credit Panel identifies 11.5 million consumer credit reports with a new foreclosure appearing at any point between Q3 2005 and Q2 2015. However, this figure includes individuals with investment properties and second homes, as well as duplicate counts of foreclosures that appear on the records any cosigners of the mortgage. Raneri’s (2016) categorization of homeowners, vacation properties, and investment properties suggest that homeowners account for about 78.3 percent of credit bureau records with a new foreclosure during this period, suggesting that 9.0 million of the new foreclosures affected owner-occupants. Additionally, CPS data suggests that married spouses are present in 60.1 percent of homeowner households—in other words, the number of affected credit records would amount to 160.1 percent of the number of households. If we use this figure to approximate the number of cosigners, the data implies that approximately 5.6 million homeowner households experienced a new foreclosure during this period. While this estimate is a rough approximation, it is consistent with the range of 4.8-5.8 million foreclosure-related homeownership exits described above.
Comparing these figures with the size of the decline in the homeownership rate suggests that foreclosures have played a role in the homeownership rate decline—and underscores the need for attention to continued foreclosure volumes. The Current Population Survey estimates that the United States included 125.7 million households in 2015. The estimates of 4.8-5.8 million owner-occupied foreclosures would therefore amount to 3.8-4.6 percent of all 2015 households.
In order to compare these figures to the actual decline in the homeownership rate, the estimates must be adjusted for the presence of homeownership re-entries. Raneri (2016) uses Experian data to estimate that approximately 12.6 percent of homeowners who experienced a foreclosure or short sale between 2007 and 2015 have since re-entered homeownership. Applying this estimate, the High estimate of 5.8 million owner-occupied foreclosures would have reduced the number of homeowners in 2015 by 5.1 million, and the Low estimate of 4.8 million would have reduced the number of homeowners in 2015 by 4.2 million. The High estimate amounts to 4.0 percent of all U.S. households in 2015, and the Low estimate amounts to 3.4 percent of all U.S. households in 2015.
Comparing these figures to the decline in the homeownership rate is not quite apples-to-apples, because many households moved in with family members or went through other types of household formations and dissolutions during the foreclosure process. Additionally, the estimates described above are very rough approximations and must be treated as such, allowing for a relatively wide margin of error. Nonetheless, this comparison suggests that owner-occupied foreclosures might explain about half or more of the decade-long homeownership rate decline.
Figure 3 presents similar statistics for multiple age groups. The homeownership rate decline shows the percentage point difference in the age-specific homeownership rate between 2005 and 2015, showing an 11 percentage point decline among households aged 26-35 and a 10 percentage point decline among households aged 36-45. The age-specific estimates of foreclosure-related homeownership exits are calculated by apportioning the High (5.1 million) and Low (4.2 million) estimates across age groups using the age categories in Li and Goodman (2016)—which reports the age distribution in 2015 of individuals who had a new foreclosure appear on their credit record during the decade of the foreclosure crisis.
The resulting age distribution reveals that foreclosure-related homeownership exits better explain the reduction in age-specific homeownership rates among older age cohorts than among younger age cohorts. The High and Low estimates are roughly proportional to the observed homeownership rate decline for several age groups older than age 45. In contrast, these estimates amount to only about half the size of the homeownership rate decline among households aged 36-45, and only a small share of the homeownership rate decline among households younger than 36. Because 35 year-olds in 2015 were only 25 at the peak of the housing crisis in 2005, this pattern is perhaps not surprising. Nonetheless, it highlights that the decline in the overall homeownership rate is likely due to both foreclosure-related homeownership exits and reduced homeownership entries among young households.
Sources: JCHS tabulations of Current Population Survey data and CoreLogic data on foreclosure completions.
The estimates described above are rough approximations and must be viewed as such. With that in mind, the findings nonetheless offer several potential insights about the role of foreclosures in the recent homeownership rate decline. First, the estimates suggest that foreclosure-related homeownership exits may explain about half or more of the decade-long homeownership rate decline. Second, and equally important, this means that foreclosures are likely to continue to put downward pressure on the homeownership rate until the foreclosure inventory clears and the volume of foreclosure completions returns to a normal level.
Lastly, these conclusions do not mean that other factors have not also played a role; Figure 3 clearly shows that sluggish rates of homeownership entry among younger households have also contributed to the decline in the homeownership rate between 2005 and 2015. In fact, the slowdown in homeownership entries among young households has likely played an increasing role in homeownership rate declines over time—and will be central to homeownership rate changes in coming years. Instead, the focus on foreclosures in this blog is simply a reminder that foreclosure volumes have not fully dissipated as a headwind to recovery of the homeownership rate. | {
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TEHRAN, March 24, YJC- The top United Nations human rights body agreed on Friday to send an international fact-finding mission to investigate widespread allegations of killings, rape and torture by security forces against Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar’s Rakhine state.
TEHRAN, Young Journalists Club (YJC) -
The 47-member state forum adopted a resolution by consensus, brought by the European Union (EU), that called for "ensuring full accountability for perpetrators and justice for victims.”
A UN report issued last month, based on interviews with 220 Rohingya among 75,000 who have fled to Bangladesh since October, said that Myanmar’s forces have committed mass killings and gang rapes of Rohingya in a campaign that "very likely” amounts to crimes against humanity and possibly ethnic cleansing.
Myanmar’s delegation, referring to the resolution, said that "such kind of action is not acceptable.”
Myanmar’s Rakhine State, where Rohingya are mainly based, has been under a military siege since October 2016 over a raid on a police post that was blamed on Rohingya-linked militants.
UN investigators, who interviewed Rohingya escapees in neighboring Bangladesh, have blamed Myanmar’s government forces for responding with a campaign of murder, gang rape and arson that they say may amount to genocide.
In report last month, Reuters cited two UN officials dealing with refugees fleeing violence as saying that some 1,000 Rohingya Muslims may have been killed in Myanmar’s army crackdown on the minority group.
Yanghee Lee, the UN special rapporteur on Myanmar, warned last week that the Southeast Asian country may be seeking to "expel” all members of the Rohingya Muslim community from its territory.
Earlier this month, the Advisory Commission on Rakhine, led by former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, released a draft report highlighting the need for initiating independent and impartial investigations into widely-reported allegations of atrocities committed by Myanmar’s military forces against the minority group.
The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra’ad al-Hussein as well as the UN special rapporteur on human rights in Myanmar, Yanghee Lee, recently called for the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) to establish a Commission of Inquiry into the situation in Rakhine State. | {
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IBAN Instructions | What is IBAN?
The Board of Directors is the highest decision-making body of the PMA which oversees operations and adopts broad policy decisions including the conduct of monetary policy to achieve established goals, the adoption and dissemination of prudential regulations, the granting and revoking of licenses for banks, money changers and specialized lending institutions, and the restructuring of financial institutions. The Board is appointed by the President of the Palestinian Authority (PA) in accordance with the law. The term of the Board, including that of the Governor and Deputy Governor is set in line with general international best practice to be longer than that of the appointing authority, the President of the PA.
His Excellency Mr. Azzam Shawwa
Governor of Palestine Monetary Authority
Mr. Azzam Shawwa was appointed by President Mahmoud Abbas by a Presidential Decree on November 20, 2015 as the Governor and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Palestine Monetary Authority.
Mr. Shawwa is a prominent, accomplished Palestinian banker and public sector figure. In 2003, he was appointed as Minister of Energy in the Palestinian National Authority, where he spent over three years of active, outstanding public service. Mr. Shawwa revealed a strong proclivity for leadership early on in his formative years, including as head of the General Union of the Palestinian Students at the U.S. university where he did his undergraduate studies.
Mr. Shawwa's banker career was marked by a number of pioneering, audacious initiatives and reforms. In 1989, he joined the Bank of Palestine as its Foreign Relations Manager; and as such, he successfully expanded the bank’s presence, role and network in Palestine and beyond. In 1994, Mr. Shawwa assumed the position of the Regional Head of the Gazan Branches of the Arab Bank (Palestine), the largest banking group in Palestine, and a member of the Arab Bank's vast regional and international banking network.
In 2007, Mr. Shawwa's banking career achieved a new high as he took over as General Manager of the Palestinian Al-Quds Bank. There, Mr. Shawwa effected a fresh start for the bank, involving embarking on a wide-ranging restructuring of its most critical departments; launching of several new or enhanced products, and services; and substantially boosting the bank's role and overall business image.
Throughout 2012, Mr. Shawwa chaired the Association of Banks in Palestine, which he substantially invigorated and enabled to render enhanced services to its members and the Palestinian banking community at large.
In March, 2013 Mr. Shawwa joined the Palestine Commercial Bank, where he succeeded to significantly expand its geographical reach, market share and customer base. In 2014, he took the crucial step of raising the bank’s capital and market share by issuing convertible bonds, an innovative, unprecedented measure (within the Palestinian banking sector), which strengthened the bank’s finances and significantly contributed to the developing and deepening of the local capital market.
Since its inception in 2002, Mr. Shawwa has been a distinguished, active member of the Board of Directors of the Palestine Investment Fund (PIF), Palestine's sovereign wealth and investment fund. As the state's principal developmental investment arm, PIF operates as an independent public sector corporate entity, primarily aimed at promoting sustainable economic development by mobilizing local and foreign investments; and securing and managing remunerative, long-run returns on the fund's investments, for the ultimate benefit and welfare of the Palestinian state and people's present and future generations.
Finally, Mr. Shawwa currently chairs the Boards of Directors of both the Palestine Avenir for Childhood Foundation, and the Weight Lifting Association, and sits on the Al-Quds Open University's Board of Trustees. He is also a member of the Boards of several other organizations, including the Businessmen Association; the Young Presidents Organization (YPO); the Mahmoud Abbas Foundation; the Palestine Power and Generating Company; Yasser Arafat Foundation; and Palestine Education for Employment. Mr. Shawwa is also a member of the Union of Arab Bankers. Previously, Mr. Shawwa chaired the Boards of several institutions such as Reef for Microfinance, NatHealth, Gaza Sporting Club, and Atfaluna Society for Deaf Children.
Mr. Azzam Shawwa was born in Kuwait in 1963, and later on in the year, he relocated along with his family to Gaza city, Palestine. In 1988, he graduated from Lemoyne-Owen College in Memphis, Tennessee, where he received his Bachelors of Science in Mathematics with honors. Mr. Shawwa is married to Amal Bseiso, and together they have two sons (Tamer and Nadim) and one daughter (Aida). | {
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“Not all Men” I said and I meant it once upon a time, but not anymore.
I always felt it needed saying that whilst, yes some men are so fearful of Women they have to weigh them down at every turn, it’s not the case of all men. I was taught from an early age that ladies are equal, skin colour, religion and any other sub category doesn’t make anyone willing to work for something less entitled to have it. So my “not all men” comes from a family, more importantly a Mum, that have quietly championed equality, the odd insensitive joke and crass comment aside when ‘push came to shove’ no one was any less deserving of the best fairness that could be offered. They would stand against it inequality when they saw it and taught me to do the same. I felt it some kind of duty to remind these ladies making accusatory remarks about men, that while they might feel alienated and demeaned by men, not all of them think this way so change will come.
As with many things that have the best of intentions this ‘noble quest’ was flawed, only I couldn’t see it. I maintained a stance of “not all men”, going so far as do it more, because after all “why should I support a cause that isn’t willing separate me from the oppressors they scorn?”. I would argue with every kind of feminist that I came across, pitching the notion that to alienate ‘good men’ for their presence was surely going to backfire. Not because women aren’t capable, but because the men keeping them down lack enough empathetic intelligence to have their minds changed by feminism, men would have to be a trojan horse in the single minded psyche of misogynists.
Eventually I abandoned my “crusade”, the deeper I went the more warped feminists were. It became more about vengeance than equality and started to cloud my thoughts on feminism. I began thinking about waiting on a time when a more inclusive alternative would rise like a mountain, forced up by the opposing forces surrounding it. My belief in equality never tired, but I became transfixed on the platform of delivery. Modern feminism I felt was hypocritical, it’s to at risk of becoming the monster it’s fighting. To many “third” and “fourth wave” type terms, the narrow mindedness made the water to easily muddied by the few who do seek vengeance for oppression that runs far deeper than high heels and quips about driving ability.
Then one day I was hit in the face by a pan. A greasy, filthy pan that leaves it’s mark on your skin and seems to be everywhere once you notice it, leaving you craving a thorough scrub, preferably with a wire brush and industrial strength acid. Trawling though the world of social media I had been looking for pages that would give me up to the minute, accurate news that I could cross check almost in realtime, that meant following news agencies, writers, artists and journalists alike. I noticed a fair amount of ‘hub ub’ surrounding Lilly Allen, she was being lambasted for visiting “The Jungle” in Calais, specifically for saying to a young person their that she was sorry her country had failed them. Every opinion she tables is met with the sort animosity I wouldn’t expect the lowest forms of social life to endure, comments about her miscarriage that cut me deep, let alone her! Then Tucker Carlsons news program featuring Lauren Duca hit the Twitter waves, again the comments being levied were vile and a sort of misogyny I thought was long gone, it is 2017 after all. I started to follow more female journalists, writers and academics, apart from variances in words the sentiments were still the same, women are lesser and men have the role of keeping them in their place. Then came the regularity of casual barrier crossing in the sexual sense, inappropriate touching on the underground, high heels being forced as part of uniform, manoeuvred into a vulnerable situations and propositioned forcefully, so on and so on and so on regardless of fame or fortune. A never ending cycle of daily small to large events that show misogyny isn’t dead, but lurking, shamefully waiting for each moment to reach out a lecherous hand and make contact. One story that really caught me was of a fifteen year old girl who started to ride the underground to work, one morning a man stood close to her on the platform, she didn’t think much of it, nor would I in fairness. For what ever reason they silently parted their mentally distant ways and she found her back pocket slimy and wet. The ‘man’ had used the crowded platform and close proximity to ejaculate into her back pocket, the first lady she spoke to was apathetic, it happens was the sentiment. Her first experience of independence similar to the scale she will experience ‘in the real world’ and she gets it tainted in a way few could have predicted, I suddenly saw why “not all men” carried no favour or merit.
“It happens” was the catalyst for a U turn on modern feminism and my, all be it nothing exceptional, stronger backing. Having a child and getting covered in sick is something that “happens”, cooking dinner and getting covered in grease is something that “happens”, getting wet because you forgot an umbrella is something that “happens”. Being a young lady and having some swine cum in your back pocket is not something that should just “happen” and be belittled or ignored. Going to work and being brushed aside in favour of a male counter part shouldn’t be shrugged at, tabling an opinion and having it ignored because your a woman isn’t something to scoffed at, being labeled a whore because you’ve had an abortion isn’t something to be swept aside and being payed less because of a different set of genitals isn’t something to begrudgingly accept. “It happens” is one of the terms used for cases of domestic rape when the law wasn’t so involved, its archaic and a sign of how little we as humans have really progressed, it’s a pathetic endowment of ‘us’ if we can sit back and let it carry on. I realised that whilst I am “not all men”, that makes no difference when a woman is faced with a barrage of ‘those’ men. It offers no help to the person being targeted and simultaneously has the potential of giving an escape route for the aggressor. The “it happens” of a man being caught under the umbrella of “all men” is a far less relevant than the “it happens” of sexual assault and oppressive sexism women are experiencing today, everyday. If you are saying to a lady arguing a case of misogyny that their statement has no merit because “not all men”, then your belittling the real life event that has created the need for it to be said. Ultimately you shift the focus away from women back onto men and how even when a woman is right she is still wrong. The biggest lesson I learnt was that however much I might have a point, it’s not bringing anything to the table that will effect change, the statement is simply like lighting a BBQ in the woods while firefighters are tackling a forest fire.
It’s true that there are some real batshit crazy women that will do and say things for attention or greed, but that is no different to the world of men. Every human entity regardless of sub category has it in them to be beautifully compassionate or a degrading shit! The one thing that can be clung to is that change can happen, but water doesn’t boil without enough heat. This pan is big, thick and regularly has chunks of ice dropped in for good measure, the water will boil and it when it does we can all share the warmth of the sweet tea it’ll make, but if “she puts the kettle on, men can make the tea”. | {
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There are always changes when one returns to a place after several years. Judging from the changes I had seen in just the three years I had lived in Ho Chi Minh City, (2005-2008), I thought I would be ready for the difference between 2008 and 2011. I wasn’t. Or maybe I was but still find it rather shocking.
The traffic was insane when I left and now I find I am without adjectives to describe what it has become. The shuttle bus in from where I live to the center used to take about 20-25 minutes. A few days ago it took nearly 40 minutes. It’s just one big parking lot on all the streets. When last here, it was mostly motorbikes, (Vespa’s), trucks and taxis, and not that many private cars. The motorbikes seem to have multiplied like bunnies and a lot more people are driving cars. If streets were jam-packed three years ago, and are super jam-packed now, what will happen in five years time? I don’t think I will stick around to find out.
The quiet neighborhood where I used to live and where I am now in a hotel, still boggles the mind with its massive change. I was having trouble figuring out where all the traffic on the main road was coming from and where it was going to. True, there are numerous, massive, new apartment buildings here, but the people traveling through this area do not live here. I finally found out that this road/highway has been extended in both directions and bridges have been built connecting outer sections of the city. Even though it is always busy, traffic does move along and has enabled people to get from point A to point B much more efficiently.
The problem with the main intersection is that there are about 6 lanes in each direction; some for motorbikes, some for cars, and some for trucks. This means that if you are in the motorbike lane and want to turn left, you must cross in front of the car and truck lanes that are going straight ahead. And if you are a pedestrian trying to cross you have to continuously look left and right and then back over your left shoulder and right shoulder because no one cares that you are crossing the street. Just when you think you might be OK, a motor bike appears, going in the wrong direction, trying to cut in around cars and trucks. It’s a veritable minefield.
I used to love taking weekend and evening walks up by the river; so quiet and peaceful and green. That is no longer possible. At the time, they had just completed this spectacular garden walkway where you could stroll along a landscaped path and listen to the chug-chug of the boats on the river just a little bit away. They have now built giant, ugly apartment blocks on both sides of the garden path. The ground floors are all shops giving it a strip-mall look. I tried walking there last night and none of the positive energy of the garden has survived.
I suppose progress is inevitable and that entrepreneurs will open new businesses in a new area. But as I walked past new restaurant after new restaurant, with either no one inside or possibly two customers, I wondered just how long any of these will be open.
Having said all that, there are lots and lots of beautiful, quiet streets out here. I love walking along them, saying hi to construction workers on a coffee break, or waving to the ladies sweeping the streets, or stopping to admire a baby sitting with his granny on the front steps of a house. The people remain lovely and friendly. If they can seemingly ignore the clamor and clutter around them, maybe I can too.
The combination of Colonial French Architecture, cool interiors, and marvelous artwork makes the Ho Chi Minh City Museum of Fine Arts a lovely retreat from the chaos that surrounds it. I had heard that it had originally been a commercial building, but their website says that it was used to board the daughters of the French Colonial rulers. No wonder I always feel like I could take up residence inside the museum.
My friend and I arrived the day they were having some sort of ceremony, possibly an art contest finale as several of the works had prize rankings attached to them. Lots of people and lots of floral arrangements graced the main entrance. However, the rest of the art filled rooms, covering three floors, were quite empty.
We strolled through the wide corridors with open windows on our left and into rooms on the right with examples of art ranging from the 1930’s to the present. There were oils and lacquer works, sculpture and acrylics. Several areas showcased ancient ethnic artwork. We walked up the wide staircases glowing with color from stained-glass windows that looked out onto the courtyard below.
It always amazes me that these old buildings, with no air conditioning, are never hot and usually have a nice breeze running through them. Perfect tropical architecture. In some of the museum rooms there were small fans, but they weren’t on and at the time we were there and were not needed.
The Fine Arts Museum really is the best place in town to cool down, relax, and feel revitalized.
Walking back from the backpackers’ area on Pham Ngu Lau St., I passed a small group of people in a tiny shop that opened onto the street. I could see that an older woman was instructing two young men who were working on an oil painting. Two other men and a young woman sat on small, folding chairs out front, and a few others were inside the small space. I stopped to watch their work and caught the eye of one of the guy’s who was inside. What with the noise of traffic and my limited Vietnamese, I did hand signals to indicate that I was watching the artists work and that I liked what they were doing. A look of surprise came over the young man’s face and he started to use sign language to reply.
Years and years ago, I took several semesters of American Sign Language and since that time, whenever I am overseas, I tend to use signs that are clear to anyone. It has gotten to the point that I assume I am using Universal Gestures, and some of the time I possibly am, but this time I was actually using ASL.
I know from my last trip to Vietnam, when I had a similar experience, that ASL is quite similar to VNSL. I assume that is because ASL is based on French Sign Language and that the French brought Sign Language to Vietnam.
Next thing I knew, I was sitting with the group chatting. This consisted of Sign Language and Vietnamese and English. Some was written down in English, and some was translated by the Vietnamese teacher, who was hearing but spoke limited English, and some by the young deaf man who had spent fifteen years in Australia. We were all so excited that we could communicate together.
They were part of the SHI, (Saigon Hearing Impairment), Fine Arts Club. They gave me a brochure of an exhibition going on just down the road, and pointed out their works pictured in the brochure.
This was really the first time since arriving that I remembered why I go off to other parts of the world; it’s for these truly magical moments that simply don’t happen when one knows one’s surroundings and the people that populate it.
For about thirty minutes we talked about where I was from, what I did, and a little about their lives. I learned that ASL has a far larger vocabulary than VNSL. The young man I first spoke with told me that his friend was studying at the California School for the Deaf in Fremont, CA. Excitement reigned when I told him that it was very close to where I was from in California.
When it was time for me to dash off so that I could catch the little shuttle bus back to my hotel, (rather than pay for a taxi), I promised to go by their exhibition and to come by again. I plan to go the see their work tomorrow and go back to talk sometime next week.
Yesterday I finally had to use the internet to figure out that it was actually Saturday and not Friday. This is one of the minor hassles of losing a day when you fly half-way around the world. Not only am I now on the right time and the right hour, my body is also starting to recognize the change.
I never can sleep on a plane but since I was flying EVA airlines and had upgraded to Economy Deluxe, I wasn’t overly concerned. When I last flew back from Vietnam, nearly three years ago, the price difference between Economy and Eco Deluxe was only $100 each way. Totally worth it when you get wide seats with plenty of leg room and your own personal movies-on-demand screen. Unfortunately, that price has now doubled. More unfortunately, I flew on one of their more shabby planes.
It wasn’t until I had spoken to a travel agent, (and after I had already bought the ticket), that I found out that EVA uses well-worn 747’s three days a week and brand-spanking-new 777’s on other days. Prior to knowing this I had been mesmerized by the beautiful look of the “New Eco Deluxe” seats that EVA kept emailing to me.
Yes, the seats on the 747 are far wider and more comfortable than in economy, but the movie screens are old school. You do get your own private screen but you are at the mercy of whatever is currently playing; no pause, no rewind, not options other than channel 1, 2, or 3.
On one of my frequent strolls around the plane, a woman asked what was wrong with my knee. (your basic middle-aged joint problem). Then she kneeled down and started working on the knee, massaging and probing and hitting all the right spots. She told me she was a Thai masseuse, going home to visit family. She worked absolute wonders on my knee and then again gave me a treatment shortly before we landed in Taipei.
At least the three hour flight from Taipei to Ho Chi Minh City was on one of those new 777’s; shear luxury. When I fly back, I will make sure I get on a 777 for those 14 hours back to California.
Pure euphoria is how I would describe my emotional state as I walked out of the airport and into a taxi, headed for a hotel in the neighborhood where I used to live. I could not stop grinning and trying to talk to the driver. I was warm, it was chaotic, it was Vietnam. It wasn’t quite the feeling one often gets when returning home after many years, but very close. I was just so happy to be on a new adventure.
I mentioned “trying” to converse to the taxi driver because I had forgotten all my very basic Vietnamese while in California. I had big plans of taking out my language books so that I could at least try to refresh my market/restaurant/taxi vocabulary, but just never got around to it. But the most amazing thing has happened; it is all coming back. I’ll be walking down the street and a phrase will just pop into my head. Or I’ll be at the supermarket and turn to a clerk to ask a question and the words just fly out. We’re not talking anything other than basic survival language, but it is still there. The mind truly is amazing.
The first thing I did when I got to my hotel was to take a shower, unpack a few things, then went out to run errands. Water was the first priority. I drink copious amounts and the cheapest way to get a large, clean water supply is to have a 19 liter/5 gallon bottle delivered to your house. I walked a few short blocks to the little shop that had been my supplier in the past. Right away all the delivery guys recognized me and even remembered my apt/street address, which I had forgotten. I paid and arranged for the water to be delivered in an hour.
Next I went to my old apartment building in hopes of seeing a favorite neighbor. I wasn’t sure if he was even alive as he had been in his mid-80’s and getting a bit frail when I’d last seen him. Much to my great pleasure, not only was he alive and kicking but in better health than 3 years ago. We had a lovely chat before I went back to the hotel to wait for the water.
4pm is the witching hour for me when I have crossed too many time zones and datelines. It’s like someone has shot me with morphine although it doesn’t really feel anywhere near that pleasant. In fact not pleasant at all. I can’t move, can’t keep my eyes open and finally just lie down. The hours are all a big mess to me, but I think I got up at 3am and left the hotel at 6am looking for food.
When I moved to this part of town in 2005, it was quite deserted. A lot of apartment complexes had gone up, and there was construction on every block, but that was about it. One supermarket existed and it was rather dismal. A few tiny eateries, that I would never dine in were scattered here and there, and I don’t think there was one hotel. What I did like is that there was very little traffic, even on the main highway that ran through the middle of this new part of town. Oh my gosh; things have change.
Restaurants and supermarkets and hotels abound. That has its advantages. But the traffic is unbelievable. I have no idea where all these people are coming from or going to. It’s not like downtown Ho Chi Minh City, but one does have to be extremely cautious when crossing a street.
I’ve spent the past few days visiting friends and have been into town twice. Today I am staying in. I do have a mini-fridge in the room which is nice except you have to remember that the electricity cuts off when you leave the room, so what you store has to be limited to non-very-perishables. I was able to find regular light bulbs to replace the florescent bedside lights. (this only took two days and about 5 hours of walking around the entire city to find.)
I’ve managed to get over my initial fear of using my costly, brand new, DSLR camera. I’m still having a bit of trouble figuring out where I have stored the photos on my computer. I’m still questioning if lugging around a high-dollar camera was a smart move. I can’t just whip it out of my bag and throw it back in. I haven’t yet figured out exactly how to walk around town with it. Do I keep it in my shoulder bag which is really not comfortable or do I put it in a back pack which is really not as safe? Did I spend a fortune on an impractical piece of equipment, or is it really the apparatus that I have been dreaming about owning for years? I’m hoping it is the latter. | {
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' I D g .
'_ h . I \ '-
The cool Slav Susan lvanova and follically strange Minbari Ambassador swap make-up secrets.
lt’s understandable really, this reticence to boldly go where Star Trek has gone before. The space saga TV genre fell badly into disrepute over the last decade, serving only as the butt of some pointed lokes (Battlestar Galactica, Blake’s Seven) or the instigator of some iuvenile ones (Red Dwarf).
From America comes a series keen to ,
reclaim the credibility (and ratings) of prime-time space-opera. In the wake of successful Star Trek sequels comes Babylon 5, a large-cast, ambitious slab of futuristic drama set on a space station that conveniently serves as a melting pot of humans and assorted (but happin humanoidish) aliens.
Babylon 5’s secret will be to emphasise personalities above special effects. ‘Sci-fi fans tune in to watch characters,’ says series creator J. Michael Straczynski. ‘You have to give your characters and your actors multi- dimensionality.’
More multi-dimensional than most is Commander Jeffrey Sinclair (Michael O’Hare) the Captain Kirk of the space station, who has to maintain uneasy
f .. .
i peace between the various races
I (differentiated by ludicrous hairstyles
and occasional facial prostheses
; rather than any radical biological
! variation, which made casting easier).
' Sinclair is a kind of troubled, epic
figure, and certainly Straczynski has
l grandiose ideas about his series, and
indeed the whole future of mankind. ‘People of my generation sense that
the have got off the merry-go-round
somewhere,’ he ‘explains’. ‘Whether it
was Kennedy, Vietnam, King or
Watergate. Something went wrong. We
1 have forgotten that we are part of the
l grand parade that’s building the future
I every day. We are building something.
i There will be a future. You can’t tell me in two million years of evolution
1 that the culmination is Beavis And
; Butthead. There must be something
; grander going on here.’
Phew! But if Straczynski’s sales pitch sucks, his show might just turn out to be cool. If not there’s always the consolation that in space no one can hear you snigger. (Tom Lappin) Babylon 5 begins on Channel 4 on Monday 16 May at 6pm.
V DOCUMENTARY .
Facing the dragon
A lone student standing in front of the advancing tanks in Tiananmen Square is one of the most powerful images of the last decade. It, more than any other single image, lives on as a reminder of the 1989 massacre of students assembled in Beijing to demonstrate for democracy and human rights.
Trudie Styler, like many others, spent the five weeks of the Tiananmen Square occupation glued to the television. When the demonstration was quashed and the brief hope of reform in China shattered, she, like the rest, forgot about it. Until a few months later, when she met li I.u who at the time of the massacre was high on the Chinese Government’s most wanted list. He had just escaped from Beijing and was at Columbia University, with no clothes, no funding and little command of English. Styler immediately decided to buy the rights to the book he was writing about the occupation: Moving The Mountain.
‘We thought it was important to focus on giving a face to Tiananmen Square,’ says Styler of the documentary which has emerged from
68 The List (i—l‘) May I994
that book. ‘There is a very strong link between the Cultural Revolution and Tiananmen Square in that during the Cultural Revolution, those students were babies, typically offspring of intellectuals who were branded as class enemies.’
The emotionally charged documentary, directed by Michael Apted, combines footage shot in 1989 with dramatic reconstructions of the leading students’ childhoods and contemporary interviews to explore the historical forces that led up to the democracy movement and are shaping China’s future.
Besides bringing Tiananmen Square back to our minds on its fifth anniversary, Styler says the process of interviewing the leaders of the current democracy movement is empowering for them. ‘It actually makes them a safer than they would be,’ she says.
'. ‘By putting the light of celebrity
i around them, the Chinese Government ‘ aren’t going to torture them any more.’ (Thom Dibdin)
Moving The Mountain will be broadcast on BBCZ on May 14 at l 8.30pm
After over eighteen months of keeping his listeners up-to-date with the latest independent releases on the weekly Smiile. Q96 DJ lan Hossack is burrowing further into the world of new music with his new show Sound Control. sponsored by the self-same music shop. The two—hour show mixes music and chat of a music industry— related nature. Each week a special guest, usually culled from the twilight world of record company A & R. will take the hot seat to provide an ‘insider guide‘ to theirjob and the biz we call music.
A local band. who couldn‘t normally expect radio support. will be featured on demo and in interview — Roundabout. Fred Quimby Quartet and Solomon Flynn have already had the honour — and a local industry figure. usually a promoter. will offer advice to young bands. Hossack hopes to involve students on Scotland‘s several music industry courses, following their progress as much as the bands‘. Finally. Keith Joseph from Sound Control will review the latest equipment.
‘l‘d always wanted to do an infrastructure programme to get bands to focus on the local industry.‘ says Hossack. ‘lt seemed to me all these local bands would come in and be blind and after about a year they‘d know the game. Now. while the bands are in the studio before their first gigs they get to know the game slightly. So I‘ve been trying to get this off the ground for about a year.‘
He envisages that Sound Control will attract an audience composed of young bands and anyone with an interest in the wider spectrum of music-related occupations. In the wake of Sound City‘s educative aim. it‘s an invaluable piece of ‘public service radio‘ to use broadcasting‘s buzz term and as Hossack says. ‘The one question is “why hasn‘t it been done before?" There isn‘t another show like this and the response in the past two weeks has been enormous.‘
Sound Control occupies the Wednesday 8—10pm slot as part of a time strand that includes other specialist shows on the station: rock show Ruck 'It' Roll Heaven on Tuesdays. Blues Anti [favour] on Thursdays. The Qua/w. Thea Newcomb‘s show for Scottish and Irish bands on Fridays and Sour/e on Mondays. Hossack terms these shows ‘the meat‘ to the daytime shows‘ ‘bread and butter‘ programming. (Fiona Shepherd)
I The Usual Suspects (Radio Scotland. Fri 6. Fri l3. 10.10pm) Radio Scotland‘s arts flagship runs a six-week series of cabaret shows live from their Queen Street studios. The Friday 6 programme features Love & Money. Fjaere and Tam White plus comedians Fred MacAulay and Rhona Cameron while Arnold Brown. Bruce Morton. Carol Laula. The Pearlfishers and Zut! La Chute show up on the 13th. (For details of free tickets to the shows see Rock and Comedy listings). I Table Talk: Trust Me, I’m A Doctor (Radio 3. Sat 7. 1.02pm) Rerun of an edition on edible highs frotn magic mushrooms to hash brownies. Recipes for marijuana have grown in sophistication since the 60s when you simply sprinkled it into cake mix. Now nouvelle cuisine dictates that you saute it in garlic and olive oil and spread it on thin pieces of toast.
I Kaleidoscope (Radio 4. Sat 7. 7.20pm) Edition on Andy Warhol to mark the opening of a lavish Andy Warhol museum in Warhol‘s home town of Pittsburgh. Presenter Tim Marlow talks to Andy‘s brother and fellow art students frotn the class of ‘45. and asks if the museum will help grimy. industrial Pittsburgh re-invent itself as Warhol country.
I Blue (Radio 3. Sun 8. 7.30pm) A tribute to Derek Jarman in the forth of a second chance to hear the soundtrack of his imageless film. John Quentin. Nigel Terry and Tilda Swinton contribute with a musical score by Simon Fisher. All you need is a radio and a piece of blue cardboard and Bob‘s your uncle.
I Born to be Mild (Radio 4 FM. Tue 10. 10am). Another quirky. high concept piece of Radio 4 reportage as diminutive Martin Wainwright subverts the ()n The Road myth by touring the North of England in a Reliant Kitten. The first programme in the series visits the set of Coronation Street. Manchester's (jay Village and an old people‘s mobile home park in Stafford.
I Andy Kershaw (Radio I. Sat [-1. 3pm) Features Weapons ()f Sound. an urban junk band frorn Plymouth playing funky sounds on gas pipes. hub—caps. shopping trolleys. iron girders etc. etc.
I Collins and Maconie’s Hit Parade (Radio I. Thurs l‘). 9pm.) The Naked (‘t’rv gagsters return to the airwaves with an irreverent magazine show. lixpect news. gossip and discussions on the latest releases as well as features like ()mituary where a critic is asked to review an artist unaware that three cliche phrases have already been revealed to the audience. Will the critic avoid the pilftllls.’ (Frances Cornford) | {
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Through relevant, authentic, and experiential financial literacy, work readiness, and entrepreneurship programs, Junior Achievement of Northern California is inspiring a generation to be financially capable and prepared for career success. With the help of volunteer role models, education and business partners, JA equips these young people with the tools to solve problems creatively, manage risk effectively, and welcome opportunity. Together we are building a bridge from the classroom to the boardroom.
In the most recent 2015-16 school year, JA of Northern California inspired and prepared over 90,000 young people to build an entrepreneurial mindset, develop financial and workplace skills, and begin their journey on the path toward financial capability and success. Volunteer role models from our business parnters and community taught over 3,500 classes and provided more than 600,000 instructional hours.
Volunteers play a key role in bringing Junior Achievement to life. By sharing your personal and professional experiences and skills with students from your community, you help them make the connection between what they learn in school and what they will need to succeed in work and life.
Junior Achievement makes volunteering fun, fulfilling, and offers flexible scheduling options. Our curriculum provides everything you need to make participation in JA interactive and engaging for students.
For as little as an hour a week, you can make a difference in the lives of young people in your community. Your Junior Achievement experience will leave you feeling proud, energized, and hopeful about a brighter future.
JA’s elementary school programs are the foundation of its K-12 curricula. Six sequential themes, each with five hands-on activities, as well as an after-school and capstone experience, work to change students’ lives by helping them understand business and economics.
The middle grades programs build on concepts the students learned in Junior Achievement’s elementary school program and help teens make difficult decisions about how to best prepare for their educational and professional future. The programs supplement standard social studies curricula and develop communication skills that are essential to success in the business world.
As high school students begin to position themselves for their future, there are many unanswered questions about what lies ahead. Junior Achievement’s high school programs help students make informed, intelligent decisions about their future, and foster skills that will be highly useful in the business world.
Since 1950, Junior Achievement of Northern California's mission has been to inspire and prepare young people to succeed in a global economy.
Junior Achievement (JA) is the region's largest and fastest growing organization dedicated to educating young people about financial literacy, workforce readiness, and entrepreneurship. Through age-appropriate curricula, our programs begin at the elementary school level, teaching children how they can impact the world around them as individuals, workers, and consumers. JA programs continue through the middle and high school grades, preparing students for additional key economic and workforce issues they will face in the future.
Junior Achievement of Northern California
3003 Oak Rd. Ste 109, Walnut Creek, CA 94597
P: (925) 465-1068 | {
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Articles Courtesy of Stevenasmith.biz
17 Tips That'll Safeguard You and Your Family From Dog Bites
By: Robin Shortt
Did you know that more than one million
north americans will be bitten by dogs
this year, and about one million dog bites
will go unreported.
Its sad but most of the victims will be children.
These dog bites will come from animals known
to them. Unleashed dogs will account for most
of the bites inflicted.
What Makes Dogs Bite
Not being educated and pet owners not being
committed on training their pet is what leads
to most of these dog bites. We must realize
that dogs don't normally become a part of our
families already trained.
Why Then Do Dogs Bite?
1.They will bite if scared, angry, or threatened.
Even a dog thats friendly will bite.
2.If he feels he's cornered or crowded.
3.They will protect what they think belongs to them.
Like their food, toys.
4.Dogs will protect their space such as sleeping area,
yard, porch, cars and home.
5.Dogs are predatory by nature and love to chase
6.A stray dog may feel upset being lost or hurt and
bite with alot less provocation.
7.A dog being startled may lash out and bite.
How to Prevent Bites
8.Teaching young children to be careful around pets.
Don't allow children to play rough or allow pupies to
bite. Not even play biting.
9.Teach your children never get close to strange dogs.
10.Leave a dogs things alone like food, toys, bones,
11.Most injuries are caused by getting too close to a
dogs face with your own.
12.Refain from running past a dog. They love to chase.
Avoid getting a dog excited or aggressive, by yelling
13.You never want to pet a dog thats eating, sleeping
or careing for its puppies.
14.Stay away from dogs that are tied up or in cars.
15.You should always ask permission from a pet owner
to pet his dog. Even if he's present and the dog's on
16.Refrain from swinging your arms or things you have
at a dog. It may think its an invitation to bite.
17.You should never pet stray dogs or ones running loose.
Its great to have a dog go on a hike or walk on a trail
with you but we humans need to treat dogs with respect.
Just remember to teach your children how act around dogs,
it will keep them safe.
About the Author
Val and Robin Shortt are experienced campers and own three outdoor websites For more tips like these and to register for their Free newsletter visit:Good Night Camping Equipment | {
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Chicago Cubs president Theo Epstein, never known for his patience, refused to wait any longer Thursday, bursting past security and diving into the trade-deadline market as if it were a mosh pit.
The Cubs and White Sox jarred the senses when they made their first significant trade in a quarter-century, with the Cubs acquiring ace Jose Quintana from the White Sox for four prospects, including prized outfielder Eloy Jimenez and pitcher Dylan Cease.
“This is the type of deal we’ve been looking to make for a long time,’’ Epstein said. “In the end, it ended up being a surprising dance partner and a great baseball trade.’’
The last time the two teams talked a potential deal was in December when the White Sox were shopping Cy Young candidate Chris Sale. When Epstein telephoned White Sox GM Rick Hahn, and reigning MVP Kris Bryant's name was involved, it was a brief conversation.
Yet the Cubs' package of four prospects -- including outfielder Eloy Jimenez and right-hander Dylan Cease -- represented the best return Hahn had seen in seven months of shopping Quintana.
And so the July trading period begins, kicking off the most fascinating period in the baseball industry.
It’s the time every club must turn over their cards and show their hand.
And the time we find out who really wants to win.
The blockbuster today certainly let everyone know the Cubs’ and White Sox’s intentions. The White Sox were desperate to move Quintana as quickly as possible - nearly trading him last week to another team -- and now have the finest farm system in baseball with nine of the top 100 prospects. The Cubs needed immediate rotation help - and insurance for the future, with Jake Arrieta a free agent after this season.
They called the Detroit Tigers and asked for Michael Fulmer. Nope. Sorry, Chris Archer of the Tampa Bay Rays wasn’t available. The pricetag on Pittsburgh Pirates’ ace Gerrit Cole was too enormous. Oakland A’s pitcher Sonny Gray was too big of a gamble.
Quintana, a 2016 All-Star, was the ideal fit. Quintana, 28, who has pitched at least 200 innings the last four years with a career 3.51 ERA, is the eighth-best starter in baseball, according to the Cubs’ analytic department. And he’s their property through 2020, assuming they pick up reasonable club options after Quintana earns just $8.85 million next year.
“The reality is that this is deal,’’ Epstein said, “we were looking at over the long haul.’’
The bonus prize of the move is that if the Cubs didn’t get him, they might have been facing him. The first-place Milwaukee Brewers were deeply engaged in trade talks with the White Sox. It could have turned the Cubs, 43-45, from buyers to sellers if he went to Milwaukee, considering the Cubs trail the Brewers by 5 ½ games in the NL Central.
“We had a bad first half, and we have to own it,’’ Epstein said. “But we still have a good young core of talent. This group has won one World Series. Our goal is to win more.
“We needed to add starting pitching to make that happen.’’
The White Sox-Cubs deal could prove to be the sexiest trade one anyone makes at the trade deadline, but rest assured, there will be plenty more these next two weeks. There simply are too many teams still in contention.
The Washington Nationals, who sacrificed talented reliever Felipe Rivero for Mark Melancon of the Pittsburgh Pirates a year ago, must get a closer once again. They’re all in. Do they dare trade with the San Francisco Giants and take Melancon’s entire contract to bring him back to Washington? Do they give up money, along with top prospects for White Sox closer David Robertson? Or do they just go after San Diego Padres left-handed reliever Brad Hand, who’s striking out 11 ½ batters per nine innings, hoping that they don’t have to keep up this exercise year after year?
The Houston Astros, 60-29 with a 16 ½ games lead, are in the same wonderful predicament as the Cubs a year ago. They can play .500 baseball the rest of the season, go on a Hawaiian vacation, come back, and still win the AL West by 20 games.
Yet if they want to go where they’ve never gone in franchise history, and win a World Series, they’ve got to get another starter. They didn’t think that Quintana was worth the prospects the White Sox were commanding, and certainly not Francis Martes and outfielder Kyle Tucker. Still, they need another front-line starter to join Dallas Keuchel and Lance McCullers if they’re going to get by the Boston Red Sox and Cleveland Indians just to reach the World Series.
The White Sox, Miami Marlins and Oakland A’s have all declared their intentions: Sell. Sell. Sell.
Others have changed their mind. The Red Sox wasted months believing they were going to get third baseman Mike Moustakas of the Kansas City Royals, only for the Royals to play like it’s 2015 again. They Red Sox now have set their sights on Marlins third baseman Martin Prado and reliever David Phelps, along with Phillies reliever Pat Neshek and Giants third baseman Eduardo Nunez.
The Marlins are letting teams know that everyone is available for the asking price, but the truth of the matter is that they can’t unload big contracts without approval of the Commissioner’s office, while the team is being sold. And no one, Marlins officials insists, has even inquired about slugger Giancarlo Stanton and the remaining $295 million left in his contract.
The White Sox still are open for business, leaving no doubt that Robertson will be wearing a different uniform on Aug. 1. They’d love for third baseman Todd Frazier, and outfielder Melky Cabrera to be packing his bags, too.
The New York Yankees lead the pack of teams trying to figure out whether they want to play this high-stakes poker game. Do they shelve their rebuilding plans and go for the jugular, taking advantage of Aaron Judge’s sensational first half? Or do they just tinker with the roster as they did Wednesday, acquiring first base prospect Garrett Cooper from the Brewers for left-handed reliever Tyler Webb?
Do the Brewers, the surprise of the first half with their 50-41 record, stand pat and hope their lineup is strong enough to shock the NL Central? Or do they continue to search for another starter, especially after Quintana slipped through their hands.
“I’m curious as anyone what we’ll do,’’ Brewers All-Star closer Corey Knebel said. “It’s not up to us, but I’m hoping they see something.’’
The National League West, with the Arizona Diamondbacks and Colorado Rockies sitting in prime wild-card positions, will be just as fascinating to watch. If the D-backs knew before the season that Zack Greinke would have an All-Star first half, they would have been ecstatic, knowing his value would soar high enough to trade for prospects, and ridding themselves of his massive contract.
Yet, they’ve played so superb the first half, sitting with the second-best record, 53-36, in the National League, that Greinke can’t go anywhere. The D-backs won’t blow up their farm system, but they will grab a veteran reliever to assure they’re back in the playoffs for the first time since 2011.
The Rockies got this far with their prized rookie pitching quartet, and could be the most aggressive of the NL West teams. Don’t be surprised if they land All-Star shortstop Zack Cozart of the Cincinnati Reds for a short-term fix.
The Los Angeles Dodgers, who finished the first half with baseball’s best record, 61-29, winning 26 of their final 30 games, certainly could be intriguing. This team has been brilliantly constructed for the regular season, outscoring the opposition by a NL-record 163 runs before the All-Star break, and is on the verge of winning its fifth consecutive division title.
They finally have a tag-team partner with three-time Cy Young winner Clayton Kershaw in All-Star Alex Wood -- the first Dodgers pitcher since Don Newcombe in 1955 to win his first 10 decisions.
Still, the question remains whether it’s enough, and if it's time for the Dodgers to finally sacrifice top-shelf prospects to reach the World Series for the first time since 1988. Now, that time has come again when they have the best team in the NL, but not enough to survive three playoff series.
History tells us the Dodgers won’t surrender blue-chip prospects, and will simply promote Walker Buehler, their Class AA star, who they refused to trade in Quintana talks. Still, the Dodgers and president Andrew Friedman are getting antsy to finally get out of the NL Championship Series.
“I felt like we were well-suited last year,’’ All-Star third baseman Justin Turner says, “but we fell two games short. We think this team is even better.’’
The most perplexing team may be Toronto Blue Jays. If it were simply up to Blue Jays president Mark Shapiro, they’d probably sell off their stars, and rebuild for the future. But this is a rich franchise that’s going to draw nearly four million fans, and, even as it sits in fourth place, still has the star power to reach the playoffs.
It’s a trade deadline, especially with Quintana now off the board, that will feature more depth than star power. There will be All-Stars you saw on TV Tuesday night who’ll be wearing different uniforms next week.
And there will be a whole lot of relievers trading places from coast to coast.
Stay tuned, baseball’s ultimate poker game is underway, and if Wednesday was any precursor, this one may be a doozy.
© 2017 USATODAY.COM | {
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About Laura Elizabeth
Hi there, thanks for checking out my blog! I have spent most of my adult life blogging and involved in social media, but this is my official blog page! I am a graduate of the University of Texas-Pan American and love all things public relations, social media and pop culture.
Unlike most lifestyle bloggers, I'm going to get real. I'm going to share personal experiences, heartache, grieving and what happens when things don't turn out picture perfect. Read on for my adventures in San Antonio, my love of fashion and my passion for politics and public relations.
I'm also a former political activist. You may know me from my days as the Senior Vice Chairman of the Young Conservatives of Texas. I stay involved as much as I can and very strongly believe in informing and engaging voters, especially young ones, to get out and vote!
I am currently the City of San Antonio's Communications Strategist, where I work on really cool campaigns like SASpeakUp. Prior to my return to the public sector, I was a public affairs account supervisor for KGBTexas .communications, some of my clients included Walmart, Exelon & Annova LNG, the City of San Antonio, Abengoa, Martin Marietta, Lone Star Rail, IBC Bank and many others. Prior to agency life, I worked as the Marketing Specialist for the San Antonio Economic Development Department. I'm a proud graduate of the San Antonio Hispanic Chamber of Commerce's Latina Leadership Institute and Alex Briseño Leadership Development Program. In 2015, Red Alert Politics named me to their 30 Under 30 List.
I'm a native of McAllen and loved working at the City of McAllen’s Public Information Office, where I maintained the arts and entertainment website ExploreMcAllen.com. I was even awarded the 2011 Texas Association of Municipal Information Officers Awards for Best Website, www.McAllen.net, and Best Use of Social Media for www.ExploreMcAllen.com.
I am a pet parent to three rescues: a calico cat Chloe, a sweet pup named Juliet and a cuddly tabby cat Bohannon. I own lots of shoes, drive a red Mini Cooper and have a pretty fabulous life. | {
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Moretz retaliates against her bullies by unleashing her terrifying telekinetic power to punish the wrongdoers.
The first trailer for the upcoming Kimberly Peirce-directed film "Carrie" has been unveiled on the web. The video highlights a tormented shy girl Carrie (Chloe Moretz) transforming into a deadly girl as she discovers her dangerous telekinetic power.
As seen in the teaser, Carrie is often subjected to bullying by her classmates and to abuse by her mother Margaret (Julianne Moore). As the young girl discovers her secret telekinetic power, things begin to change. The clip later sees her levitating her mother and turning her high school prom into a complete mess.
Adapted from Stephen King's novel of the same name, "Carrie" follows a school girl named Carrie White who is outcast by her peers and put in isolation by her deeply religious mother. As she reaches puberty, the young girl possesses a destructive telepathic power that she uses for lethal means to execute her classmates who bully her during a prom night.
Also starring Judy Greer, Gabriella Wilde, and Portia Doubleday, the film is produced by Kevin Misher and penned by Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa. The horror film, which is a remake of Brian De Palma's 1976 film of the same name, is set to be released on October 18 in the United States. | {
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The Alpha Midway Ballet Program aim is to ensure that young Americans are given the opportunity to participate in and to value dance as a form of learning, artistic expression, recreational activity and entertainment.
Expressive learning is central to a child’s positive development and one of the major components of our Education Program
Ballet came about from the Renaissance period, around the 15th century. It was meant to be an interpretation of fencing, set to dance and performed in the French Court. The dance form developed during the reign of Louis XIV. By 1850, ballet has reached and flourished in Russia and Denmark. Once it reached foreign shores, ballet had been transformed with different styles, often imbibing the culture of the home country. For instance, Russian ballet is said to be showy and forceful. American ballet, on the other hand, is fast-paced and lively.
Three Types of Ballet
Classical Ballet – This type of ballet sticks to the traditional techniques of teaching, execution and performance.
Neoclassical Ballet – While this ballet form retains some of the movements and vocabulary of classical ballet, it is less strict than its counterpart. At the same time, the beats are often faster and the feats are more technical. However, even with the more varied movements of this ballet form, there is a certain adherent focus on structure. Neoclassical ballet is rigid in terms of structure.
Contemporary Ballet – Contemporary ballet is a heady mix of classical and modern. It takes a lot from classical ballet, while infusing the movements and choreography with modern dance. Here, dancers do not limit themselves with rigid body lines. Likewise, they do not need to keep to some of ballet’s strict techniques. Many of the styles and innovations of contemporary ballet came from the 20th century, wherein there was relatively more diversity in floor work and leg movements.
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VDACS News Releases
March 1, 2018
No Additional Exposed Virginia Horses in Confirmed Equine Herpesvirus-1 Cases
No Virginia horses have had any contact with either property, including trail riders
Contact: Elaine Lidholm, 804.786.7686
The Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (VDACS) has completed its epidemiological investigation after a diagnosis of Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) in two horses in central Virginia. As reported on February 28, 2018, the State Veterinarian’s Office at VDACS confirmed that two horses exhibiting neurological signs were euthanized and tested positive for Equine Herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1), the virus that causes EHM.
There is no link between the two horses and the timing of the EHM finding is coincidental. One horse was housed at the Hazelwild Equestrian Center in Fredericksburg and the second was located on a private farm in Powhatan County. Both facilities have been placed under quarantine. All exposed horses are being monitored twice daily for fever (temperature over 101.50 F) and other clinical signs.
No additional Virginia horses have been exposed. Several horses from Maryland visited the Hazelwild Equestrian Center last weekend for an Interscholastic Equestrian Association (IEA) show; the farms in Maryland associated with these horses have been quarantined and all horses will be monitored. The immediate neighbor of the Powhatan County farm is voluntarily quarantining their horses due to casual contact. No Virginia horses have had any contact with either property, including trail riders.
There is no cause for alarm concerning the general horse population in Virginia. EHV-1 is a virus that is present in the environment and found in most horses all over the world. Horses typically are exposed to the virus at a young age with no serious side effects. A large percent of horses carry the virus with no clinical signs for the remainder of their lives. Rarely, exposed horses develop the neurologic form of the disease. Horse owners with concerns should contact their veterinarian.
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For comments or questions concerning this website, contact the VDACS Webmaster. WAI Level A Compliant
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VIRGINIA AGRICULTURE COUNCIL EXPENDITURES | {
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Dr. Khammash is a doctor and senior public health specialist with over than 30 years of experience in all aspects of primary healthcare, from practicing medicine in West Bank hospitals to running different local and international health programs. Previously the Chief of Field Health Programs for the UNRWA in the West Bank. Oversaw the delivery of health services to Palestinian refugees through 42 primary health clinics and one hospital in the West Bank. Through his many professional afflictions he developed strong working relationships with senior MoH officials, NGOs and private healthcare providers.
An expert in women’s health, founder multiple women’s health programs in Palestine, most notably introducing the advanced life support in obstetrics methodology to the country and the development of community health and specialized training programs for Doctors, nurses and midwives. She has written and adapted clinical training materials, publications and protocols. She co-foundered of a number of influential grass-roots Palestinian organizations. Member of the MENA Health Policy Forum, the Palestinian Health Policy Forum and the World Bank Civil Society Consultative Group for Health, Nutrition and Population.
Management and marketing expert with over 20 years of experience developing and managing programs that build the marketing and management capabilities of individuals and organizations to succeed. He designed several programs for entrepreneurial training for young entrepreneurs and SME owners. He's the general director for Palestine Education for Employment. Speaks fluent English, Armenian and Arabic. Holds a B.sc. in Management, MBA concentration marketing from Fairleigh Dickinson University an M.Phil in HR and Entrepreneurship from the Maastricht School of Management the Netherlands.
Currently the Polling Unit Supervisor, Jerusalem Media & Communication Center (JMCC). She prepares budget for surveys, participate in questionnaire design, recruit and coordinates interviewers, conduct training workshops for interviewers, design data entry program using SPSS-PC+, supervises data coding and entry, performs data cleaning and analysis, produce findings in table format for end users. Perviously she was a TV Producer at CNN Jerusalem bureau occasionally covering the Palestinian-Israeli affairs.
Dr. Budieri is a medical doctor with two masters degrees from Harvard University; one is in public health and the other one is on population. Dr. Budieri has long experience in health management and assistive technology. She serves currently as technical advisor free-lance.
Vera works at UNRWA for Palestine Refugees. She's a registered nurse and recently occupying the Post of Health Education Supervisor and is responsible for Health Education programme and community activities of the Health Dept. at health centers and points of the West Bank refugee camps. She is a good Communicator, likes to work with a team, likes community work and involvement in voluntary Work. She's the Vice President of the YWCA in Palestine; working in this association since the year 1987.
Mr. Ragheb Budeiri currently heads the Development Project Office that oversees and manages all development projects in the PMA. Mr. Budeiri helped establish the Development Project Office (PDO) in 2010 after the successful implementation of the national Real-Time Gross Settlement System (RTGS).
Ragheb Budeiri holds a Bachelor Degree in Computer Science from Huston-Tillotson College, Austin, TX. He also completed his Master Degree in Management Information Systems from National University, La Jolla, CA...more >>
Board Member Enas Dahadha is a lecturer, trainer and curriculum developer in marketing, management and entrepreneurship. She specializes in consumer behavior and international marketing courses with great emphasis on practical applications. She has worked with university students and has conducted training in Marketing and Entrepreneurship to graduates and professionals from different industries. An expert in providing training sessions on job search, resume writing, and interview skills to university graduates. She is competent in developing curriculum and conducting train of trainer’s courses, thus being a content expert and a skilled trainer.
Bassam has worked in the social sector for more than 30 years. He is currently the General Coordinator and Associate Professor in the School of Public Health-Al-Quds University (Jerusalem) & manages the Gaza Branch. Bassam has developed systems and conducted programme evaluations for numerous projects, particularly in health, education and social protection. Taking health as a broad concept, he contributed to designing development oriented programs, psychosocial, poverty reduction and youth empowerment programs. He is a member of the Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence management team, and also a GAGE Regional Director. | {
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A famous artist invites her old friends to her luxurious new home. For one night only, the group is back together. But celebrations come to an abrupt end when the host suffers an horrific accident. As the victim lies in a coma, an almost unthinkable plan starts to take shape: could her suffering be their next work of art? Pool (No Water) is a visceral and shocking new play about the fragility of friendship and the jealousy and resentment inspired by success.
Featuring Marquis Heath, Sierra Lynch, Steve Maggio and Josy Smth
"Mr. Ravenhill’s writing has a hypnotic beauty itself, as the locked chambers of each of the character’s minds are slowly exposed... The play is full of perceptive commentary on the tension between affection and antipathy among friends — and the interior tensions in the individual soul between self-love and self-hate.
"Its sneaky, almost guilty-pleasure appeal is linked to our natural identification with these attractive, articulate young men and women as they coolly rationalize behavior that, seen from the outside, might look more than a little monstrous."
- The New York Times
This project is made possible with funds from the Decentralization program, a regrant program of the New York State Council on the Arts with the support of Governor Andrew M. Cuomo and the New York State Legislature and administered by the Arts Center of the Capital Region. | {
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|Title||:||Mr. Peabody & Sherman|
|Genre||:||Animation, Adventure, Family|
|Stars||:||Ty Burrell, Max Charles, Ariel Winter, Allison Janney, Ellie Kemper, Stephen Colbert|
|Overview||:||A young boy and his dog, who happens to have a genius-level IQ, spring into action when their time-travel machine is stolen and moments in history begin to be changed.|
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10528 Users Online Now | {
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A young driver has appeared in court accused of colliding with seven cyclists in Sydney's southeast.
Thomas Kerr was charged with eight offences, including four counts of dangerous driving occasioning grievous bodily harm, after he allegedly crashed into seven cyclists at Eastlakes in March.
Police say the cyclists, who were on a Sunday morning ride, suffered injuries ranging from abrasions to serious spinal fractures.
Kerr, 27, did not enter any pleas in Waverley Local Court on Monday.
He is set to reappear in September at Downing Centre Local Court.
© AAP 2018 | {
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Whose responsibility is it to pay school fees? Parents. Get breakfast/lunch/dinner ready? Parents. Get the missing socks? Parents. Do the laundry? Parent. Be the clown? Parent. Act like a robot? Parents. In short, the list is endless…but in summary let me ask you, whose role is it to strategize, evaluates and monitors at home? PARENTS!
Hmmmm, as parents we have so many labelled and subtly responsibilities assigned to us by default and compulsion and we are expected to finish strong therefore we need to have the full understanding of the task.
After reading and completing this parenting devotional I got online, I think sharing what our professional job descriptions are will be of great help to us.
1. A Chauffeur
We must make sure that our children reach their destinations in life. Every important destination that a child arrives at is simply because he or she had parents who took their chauffeuring job seriously. Are we chauffeuring in the right direction or driving anyhow?
2. An entertaining Comedian
Parents are comedians because they are the primary source of happiness in their children’s lives and in the home (God is the main source, no comparison). Our home should be a place of unreserved joy, laughter and fun and not just a plan of punishment, spanking (tongue lashing/telling off) and pain. When our children hear our horn, how do they feel?
3. A dependable Media Personnel
Every important piece of information that your child receives should come from us. We should keep an open atmosphere in our homes friendly so that our children will be able to ask you anything at all. Our children should learn from us in all ways; finance, what sex is all about…and relationship/people management. Do we board information especially gist about sex/where do babies come from?
4. An enthusiastic cheerleader
We must believe in our children wholeheartedly. We must be their number 1 cheerleader whether they are winning or losing in life’s situations. We must applaud loudly when everyone else has given up. Is cheering up our children conditional?
5. A winning Coach
The day that we became a mother/father is the day that we were given the heavenly responsibility of coaching our child for victory in every game in life. Your coaching philosophy is vital if you want your children to stay the course and embrace champion-like attitudes. How often do we have time to coach?
6. A well-prepared Travel Agent
Parents spend the greatest part of life preparing children for their journey into adulthood. We are to prepare them for a life of not only survival but also for success! Are we prepared enough to get out children ready?
7. A victorious Warrior
Every parent is a warrior who fights on their knees (our most powerful and victorious position). Destinies are developed on our knees… battles are won on our knees… strategy is given on our knees… strongholds are ripped apart on our knees… heaven moves and hell shakes when we fight on our knees. Is our pea life seasonal or often?
8. A wise and intuitive Director of Homeland Security
Be a quick and definitive responder to the approach of the enemy’s influence. You must be continuously watchful for dangerous heart attitudes, paralyzing emotions and crippling habits. When a child becomes negative or critical it is like venom in a family’s home and will do immediate damage if you do not decisively respond. Do we allow out emotions to take over?
9. A savvy Wardrobe Stylist
We are in charge of what heart habits and attitudes our children choose to wear. We must ensure that every emotion that decorates our children’s lives is a lovely accessory and is not distracting. Choosing to wear the attractive attribute of kindness is a piece of clothing that is gender exclusive! It comes in both pink and blue. Are we fashion concious?
10. An expert cartographer!
A cartographer is a person who makes maps; we need to be excellent at setting boundaries for our children. We must set boundaries not only with our words but also with our lives. We must be watching attentively for weeds that are growing in young hearts and then remove the weeds before they have a chance to take root and grow out of control. Who draws the map?
Photo credit: My Aunt and Nephew
(Adapted but editted from one of my daily devotional resources) | {
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Around noon we entered the lovely town of Hospital de Orbigo which has the longest Roman bridge in Spain. The Camino goes right over it. We stopped in a garden cafe for an omelet which turned out to be a potato/ egg quiche. A bit bland. We are craving some decent food and are going to splurge tonight.
After our lunch we entered a lovely, natural trail through meadows and forests. Very nice except for stretches of cobble stones. On the Camino there is a kind of dance pilgrims do. They meander from side to side, always looking for the path with the least stones. We climbed into the foothills and at a crest there was a kind of cantina run by a young couple. They were offering fruit and drinks for free or donation. We had some watermelon but felt suspicious of this gesture. We found it hard to accept something for free although the couple seemed genuine in wanting to serve the passing pilgrims.
Soon after, we saw Astorga in the distance, below us. It still was at least 6 K away so we trudged on. Like some cruel joke we had to cross a railroad via an accordian-type bridge. We managed! Up one more hill, past the city wall and there was our hotel for the night. This hotel is known for its good food so we are waiting until 8:30 (usual dinner time here) to try to get a decent meal. Yesterday we ate white bread and Nutella for dinner. Hence the splurge tonight.
The Roman bridge in Hospital de Orbigo
The camino goes over this bridge. Set up for a jousting contest soon. | {
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Her income was derived chiefly from Municipal Bonds and Metro shares. At the bank she had also a substantial sum on deposit. She told monsieur Septfous that she had decided to spend the rest of her life in the country, and she took a draft, payable to bearer, for the full amount of cash, and removed her box of securities.
She determined to call herself madame de Beaulieu.
Late on the evening of the 6th of September the old woman and the girl arrived at St. Pierre des Champs.
They had expected to arrive earlier, but the train crept into Pont Chouay at 7.30 instead of 5.15, and thence they were dependent on the local nacres, which were hard to find and slow to move. Madame de Val Fleury reached the village, impatient and fatigued.
In the little moonlit market-place, with its vacant stalls, when they entered it at last, many figures circulated, scrutinising one another's features eagerly. Most of the men and women bore lanterns, and one of the stalls had evidently been sub-let for the evening; under the sign " Christophe : Cheese, Eggs, and Butter," a humpback had electric torches for sale. As the pair made their way, across the cobbles, to the shrine that had been erected beside the water-mill, no face of much beauty met their view. The sellers appeared to be chiefly buxom peasant girls, wholesome looking, but no more. Those who had come to buy were of types more various. Here, an old rou£, fraudulently dyed and painted, peered avidly at the features of a youth, who raised his lantern and rebuffed him with a jeer. There, an individual with crafty lips and predatory eyes, obviously a sharper, was to be seen bargaining for the physiognomy of a simpleton. A man with a round humorous face darted each moment from one melancholy countenance to another, and a passer-by said, loud enough to be overheard : " Look at Jibily, the low comedian —he is crazy to play tragic parts ! " Irritating and incessant was the shrill outcry of a female broker, hobbling with a file of maids-of-all-work at her heels. " Fine faces cheap ! " clamoured the crone. " Fine faces cheap ! "
It became very cold beside the water-mill. As the laggard night wore by, madame de Val Fleury shivered distressfully. Alternately she prayed and despaired. More than once she glanced, tense with hope, at her companion, striving to detect some promise of the sought-for change, but the girl's face remained unaltered. In the serene radiance of the moon its fairness was exquisite beyond words, and the woman wrung her hands with the intensity of her desire.
Slowly, slowly the moonlight faded. The pallor of dawn streaked the sky; and a hundred faces were upturned beseechingly, a hundred suppliants trembled. Wan and white grew the scene. A tremor and a rustling stirred the huddled figures. Suddenly, somewhere a woman wailed, " No use ! " and burst into sobs. Berthe Cheron, fearful now the moment had come, of beholding herself gaunt-cheeked and wrinkled, bowed her head, shuddering, in her hands. Madame de Val Fleury, half dazed with exhaustion and suspense, bent to the shining surface of the pool. The pool receded. It became suddenly unreal. Next, her pounding heart was squeezed with terror—she didn't know if the reflection she beheld was her own, or Berthe Cheron's, from behind her. She nodded wildly at her reflection; she grimaced and gesticulated at it, like a madwoman. ... It had happened ! She thought she gave an ear-piercing shriek of joy, but she fainted, without a sound.
After the money was paid she neither saw nor heard anything of Berthe Cheron. Aided by a lady whose birth gave her the passport to society, and whose income made her amenable to a financial offer, madame de Val Fleury, or, as she now called herself, Victorine de Beaulieu, was the sensation of Paris that autumn. The consummate toilettes permitted by her wealth lent to her face a beauty even more transcendent than Berthe Cheron's had been. When she drove, people pressed forward on the sidewalks to regard her. When she entered her box at the Opera, everybody in the house to whom the box was visible looked at her as much as at the stage. In salons, faces the most admired before her advent paled in her presence, like candle flames in sunshine. She was paramount and she revelled in the knowledge. Yet the transformation had its lack. She missed her game of ecarte with her erstwhile neighbour. She missed the garrulity of familiar friends whom she no longer met. There were hours when, despite the transports afforded by the mirror now, she found time hang heavy on her hands. And the hands, of course, had not recovered girlishness and beauty. Nor her body, nor her mind.
That was the drawback. Only her face was young. Physically and mentally she was old. Her corsetiere could not provide her with a figure to match the face. Her physician could not give back to her the energies that had gone. Her mirror itself was impotent to revive the enthusiasm and illusions of her youth.
Men made love to the bewildering " young widow." After the first thrill of amazed exultance she was bored. Their fervour kindled no responsive spark. Her aged heart beat no faster. The sentiment, the rhapsodies poured into her ear seemed drearily stupid to the old woman, as she posed on balconies, wishing she were in her bedroom with a cup of tisane and her slippers. During the third passionate proposal addressed to her, it was with extreme difficulty that she restrained her jaws from yawning.
" Why are you so cold—why won't you hear me?" men cried to her. And she answered dully : "I am not impressionable. It doesn't interest me to be made love to. I am tired of all that".
And she was spoken of in Paris as the " girl who was tired of love".
Many evenings during the winter there were when the knowledge that she would be wearied by some man's appeal, if she went out, determined her to remain at home. The opportunity to outshine other women failed to lure her from the fireside, and she sat in her dressing-gown, playing ecarte with her new maid. " It is marvellous what a head for the game madame has, seeing she is so young! " exclaimed the maid, awestruck. " I cannot say as much for you" snapped her mistress, mourning that quondam neighbour. | {
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Spirit AeroSystems to add 1,400 more jobs in Wichita
In a move Kansas Gov. Jeff Colyer called “the biggest news for this state in a long time,” Spirit AeroSystems announced Wednesday that it plans to add 1,400 more jobs in Wichita next year. That’s in addition to the 1,000 jobs — and $1 billion in infrastructure — it promised the city at this time last year.
“We have completed hiring that first 1,000, and in fact we have exceeded it,” Spirit President and CEO Tom Gentile said at a news conference on Wednesday.
Spirit is already Wichita’s largest employer. The latest announcement signals the company’s commitment to the city’s future and could pump tens of millions of dollars into the local economy each year, officials said.
With a growing presence in the defense sector and general aviation expected to continue expanding, Spirit expects to be able to compete globally by hiring “the best aviation workers in the world” in Wichita, Gentile said.
The announcement to add 1,400 jobs came a little over a year after the company announced it would add 1,000 new jobs — 800 in 2018 and 200 in 2019. The company reached that goal within a few months this year, Gentile said.
“Spirit is the kind of company that under promises and over delivers,” Wichita Mayor Jeff Longwell said.
Longwell said the new jobs are important to all Wichitans, whether they work in aviation or not.
“It truly adds extra dimensions to our community,” Longwell said.
“Those 1,400 jobs are going to introduce almost $75 million annually to this community,” Longwell said. “It’s more housing, it’s retail workers, it’s hospitality industry workers — it’s supply chain.”
As part of the company’s expansion, it also announced last December that it would invest $1 billion in capital improvements at its Wichita plant by 2023.
Last month, the company said it would add 320 new jobs as part of an $18 million bond request approved by the Wichita City Council. Those jobs would be in addition to the 1,000 jobs announced last December.
The new jobs will bring the number of Spirit employees in Wichita from 11,000 on the day of the announcement last December to 13,400 at the end of 2019, Gentile said.
The aircraft supplier and city’s largest employer revealed plans in May for a 150,000-square-foot building — part of the $1 billion expansion that includes 1,000 new jobs.
The majority of the added jobs will be hourly positions, Gentile said, including mechanics, machine operators, sheet metal workers and people working with composites and metallics. Most jobs will be “assembly-line” work with market-rate salaries, he said.
The average salary for the new jobs will be $56,000 a year, said Keturah Austin, senior spokesperson for Spirit.
Colyer said these added jobs will keep Kansas competitive in a growing global industry.
“This isn’t just about this generation. This is about people’s children and grandchildren. It’s about keeping kids here, in Kansas,” Colyer said.
“We recognize that the strength of Spirit is the strength of Wichita and vital to the ongoing economic health of our state,” Gov.-elect Laura Kelly said, while pledging to work with the business community to improve economic development in the state when she takes office next month.
A growing demand
“In many respects, this is the golden age of aviation,” Gentile said to a crowd of Spirit employees, local media and government officials packed into the IPB-4 Building, where the company manufactures thrust reversers for the Boeing 737.
“We’re growing in terms of air traffic. There’s an incredible demand for new aircraft, and we are building more aircraft than ever before, so we need more people as we go up in production rate,” Gentile said.
Gentile said only about 20 percent of people in the world have ever boarded an airplane, but 100 million people in Asia are taking their first flight each year.
“So there’s this incredible demand,” Gentile said.
In fact, there’s such a demand for commercial aircraft that Boeing and Airbus, the two major aircraft companies Spirit contracts with, have eight years worth of work that’s waiting to be completed.
“The current backlog is 13,000 aircraft between Boeing and Airbus, worth $2 trillion. Spirit’s fortunate to have work packages on all of those,” Gentile said.
Boeing and Airbus are looking to increase their production rates, Gentile said, and he wants to grow Spirit’s workforce to a size that can handle the new work.
Who will fill the jobs?
The “fast-track” to a job at Spirit is WSU Tech, Gentile said. The technical school, formerly known as Wichita Area Technical College, re-branded through an affiliation with Wichita State. It offers certification and training that qualify them for jobs at Spirit.
Gentile said Spirit has been able to surpass new jobs expectations because of the partnership the company has with government, including support for WSU Tech and the “intellectual horsepower” offered by the National Institute for Aviation Research at Wichita State.
Both of those programs received substantial support from the state and county to boost certifications for aviation workers and research and development, including an additional $5 million for NIAR and $1.7 million for NCAT, Gentile said. He said more than 200 WSU students have been involved in the research and development initiatives.
Kansas Senate President Susan Wagle said the partnership between state government, through funding to WSU and NIAR, has created a “pipeline” for young Kansans to careers in the aviation industry.
“We now have a pipeline of young people who are excited about our growth in aviation and they’re looking forward to working here,” Wagle said. | {
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Skinfinity pills contain an antioxident called lycopene, the substance that makes tomatoes red, which help fi ght cancer and heart disease. But it can also reduce damage to the skin from ultra-violet rays and keep it looking young and healthy. The pills, created by Professor George Truscott, of Keele University,
Staffs, and dermatologist Fritz Boehm, go on sale next month. Prof Truscott said: “One pill is the equivalent of eating six to eight tomatoes. It works by eating up oxygen to stop it producing wrinklecausing chemicals.”
He said lycopene works with our pigmentation so tans last longer. | {
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It is truly a great time for Indian cricket. Our women cricketers are the toast of the nation. Yes, it is true that they didn't win the World Cup but they lost by just a few runs. But it is clear now that, finally, Indian women's cricket has some of the star following that Indian men's cricket enjoys. Stereotypes have been shattered, as India finally celebrates the successes of a young generation of potentially world-beating Indian women cricketers. | {
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Castrum Peregrini - Intellectual Playground
Castrum Peregrini was a hiding place at the Amsterdam Herengracht during the occupation of the Netherlands. Art and poetry were key to the survival of the group of young hiders. After the war the house became a meeting point for artists, writers and thinkers, an artistic community publishing a magazine and organizing cultural events. With a reference to history the current activities of Castrum Peregrini relate to its core values freedom, friendship and culture. Thematic and multidisciplinary activities around these values are realized in local, national and international partnerships. The historic building of Castrum Peregrini houses the original hiding floor, living spaces, Gisèles’ studio, library, archive and gallery space for exhibitions and events. | {
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Work experience can and does play a vital part in a law student’s passage into the legal profession. With more and more young people choosing to read law, this experience can be essential, not only to future employers, or when trying to obtain that ever elusive training contract, but it really is the quintessential thing that you’ll do to decide whether a career in law is for you.
Employers are increasingly looking for those candidates who stand out, not just academically, but have something else to offer. Work experience at a law firm goes a long way into proving that you’re dedicated to the profession, and it makes you more of a desirable candidate.
During my final month or so in Germany, I emailed numerous law firms within my local town asking for work experience and was fortunate enough to secure a placement. I cannot count the amount of emails that I sent out, but don’t let that put you off. There is some advice here; be PERSISTENT. Send emails until you’re sick of doing so, and then send some more!
With the economic climate the way it currently is, don’t be surprised if you find yourself getting lucky. I know I certainly was. At the end of the day, what we sometimes forget in our excitement of studying law is that law firms are businesses, and will no doubt be grateful for the unpaid labour you’re providing (this may sound off-putting, but it isn’t, and I’ll explain why a little later).
For the past three weeks my days have been spent here, at Garner Canning Solicitors Ltd.
The firm itself has four main offices, spread throughout the Midlands area, so it’s not a typical one-office small town firm at all. There are a number of areas that the law firm deals with, such as New Homes, Family, Conveyancing, Wills and Probates and Employment Law. Whilst on my placement, I was placed in New Homes. Essentially what this entails is the buying of a new property on behalf of the client(s) and going through the process of registering the property at Land Registry, carrying out required searches, securing mortgages and so on.
I could now bore you to death and give you a detailed account of every little thing that I did, day in day out, but that’s completely unnecessary as I’m sure many of you will have done this, or will go on to do it in the near future. What I will tell you that working in New Homes requires a lot of paperwork, and I mean A LOT. The first thing I noticed when walking into the office where I‘d be working was the sheer amount of files. Now I always knew that being a lawyer meant paperwork, but surely not that much!
Two weeks into the placement and everything was going swimmingly well. I’d gotten on with every task that had been assigned to me, asked questions when curious about areas of the law, and generally felt that I was as professional as I could be. More than that, I felt like I was genuinely learning about New Homes, Land Law and Conveyancing as well, and general day to day goings on in a firm.
Towards the end of the second week, much to my surprise my boss calls me into the office and asks whether I would be willing to stay on another week in addition to the two weeks we’d previously agreed upon. Now, as much as this sounds like me blowing my own trumpet, you cannot imagine the feeling when a professional in this business tells you that you’ve been such a fantastic and brilliant worker over the last two weeks that he wants you to stay for longer. The speed at which I’d gotten through the backlog of files, my own professionalism and high work rate paid off, and in doing so made me feel a valued and integral part of the team. When this happens, the fact that you’re unpaid disappears and you take pride in a job well done.
When I was younger, the dream was to be a big shot lawyer, in a big international law firm, but as I’m now older and much more mature my perspective has certainly altered and probably for the better. Working in a law firm such as Garner Canning, even for just three weeks, has given me a taste of what I see myself doing in the future.
Do I love studying law? Yes. Do I love studying it enough to commit myself to a firm where I have no life outside of the office? No. The priority for me has now changed, and it has become about the work life balance. Working at a firm 9-5 (well, roughly 9-5) and having the chance to go home of an evening and leave work behind at the office is now something I dream of.
I’m going to end this post by returning to my original thought. Work experience is something that every law student should do for a variety of reasons:
• It gives you such a great opportunity to learn the practical application of the law which you are studying
• It reaffirms your desire to work in this business
• It shows employers that you are serious about a career in law
• You get to network with a wide range of lawyers and solicitors and;
• You have a great time doing it, especially when your praises get sung (to a senior partner nonetheless) and you get that glowing reference for your C.V.
I had a thoroughly enjoyable three weeks working at Garner Canning, and can’t wait to head back there for my next stint over Christmas! | {
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Unfermented, young tea leaves.
Originally harvested from wild tea bushes, white tea was discovered by ancient tea connoisseurs who were always on the lookout for the ultimate tea. They found that the immature buds had the most delicate flavor.
FROM WHERE? Northern Fujian Province, China
White tea is closest to its natural form as it is not oxidated, rolled or torn like other teas. Therefore it is thought to contain the most antioxidants of any teas, as well as a slightly higher level of catechin (a polyphenol antioxidant). White tea also contains high levels of the amino acid theanine, which is prized for its relaxation and mood enhancing properties.
AROMA: Delicate, floral
TASTE: Complex, subtle, floral
Unfermented tea leaves.
Green tea is generally considered to be the healthiest type of tea because it is unfermented. Studies show that green tea is rich in minerals like iron, sodium and potassium and in vitamins such as carotene, A, D, B1, B2, and C.
FROM WHERE? China, Japan
Chinese green tea, known for its mild and subtle taste, has a refreshing aroma and pale hues. The leaves range in appearance from silver to deep emerald.
Japanese tea leaves are often a brilliant green, reminiscent of the lush gardens they are grown in. The liquor ranges from jade green to light yellow with a fragrant, puckery and slightly sweet taste.
COLOR: Light yellow to deep emerald
TASTE: Subtle, delicate, slightly sweet
Semi-oxidized tea leaves.
Oolong undergoes the same treatment as black tea but for less time and only the edges of the leaves are rubbed. During infusion, oolong leaves turn bright green in the center and red towards the edges.
FROM WHERE? Taiwan, China
There are two main types of oolong, one grown in China and the other grown in Taiwan (Formosa). Oolong from China is oxidized only 12-20%, resulting in pale yellow liquor with a distinct, fresh taste. Taiwan oolong on the other hand, is usually 60% oxidized and is known for its golden liquor and exquisite, flowery aroma.
COLOR: Pale yellow to golden
AROMA: Flowery, orchid-like
TASTE: Fresh, floral
Fermented tea leaves.
Black tea gets its color and character from the processing of the leaves. Once picked, the leaves are oxidized, resulting in higher levels of soluble caffeine and tannins.
Although green and white teas are touted for their health-giving properties due to their high antioxidant content, black tea is still a healthy beverage as it contains antioxidants, polyphenols, vitamins, and essential oils which aid in digestion.
FROM WHERE? Sri Lanka, India, China
Black tea is grown in China, India, Sri Lanka, and Africa, and is the most common type of tea drunk in the Western world. The leaves range in colour from brown to black, often with golden or silver tips.
COLOR: Bright copper
AROMA: Full, round
TASTE: Malty to floral
Tisanes and herbal infusions do not contain caffeine, so they help replenish the body of lost water, making them perfect to drink after an invigorating workout. Brilliant hot or cold!
Fruit tisanes and herbals are very refreshing, taste great and have a slew of health benefits. They contain many nutrients that are important to our bodies, including Vitamins A, B2, C, D, E and Folic Acid (B9) and minerals such as Potassium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium and Manganese.
FROM WHERE? TEALEAVES sources its flowers, fruits and spices from 60+ countries
Germany (Herbs & Flowers)
Canada (Berries, other fruits)
Argentina (Yerba Mate)
USA (Citrus Peels)
India (Saffron, Cardamom) | {
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Ericsson is one of the leading providers of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to service providers, with about 40% of the world’s mobile traffic carried through our networks. We enable the full value of connectivity by creating game-changing technology and services that are easy to use, adopt and scale, making our customers successful in a fully connected world. For more than 140 years, our ideas, technology and people have changed the world: real turning points that have transformed lives, industries and society as a whole.
Our comprehensive portfolio ranges across Networks, Digital Services, Managed Services and Emerging Business; powered by 5G and IoT platforms.
The company was founded in 1876 and Ericsson’s headquarters are located in Stockholm (Sweden). There are currently more than 97,500 people working for Ericsson worldwide. We attract talented people from many diverse backgrounds, offering opportunities in every Ericsson business area.
Ericsson strives to be a platform for boundless achievement for all of our employees. Just as we connect the world through our networks, we make sure that each & every one of our employees has opportunities to learn & grow. Whether you’re currently a student, young professional, or looking to advance your career, we have the tools & knowledge to help you grow professionally. With talent and passion like yours, and global resources like ours, there is no limit to what we can achieve together.
We are committed to raising awareness and educating our people about diversity and inclusion. Our offerings are supported by flexible delivery methods to optimize performance and to fulfill competence development plans.
The long history of the company has formed a strong corporate culture. Key Corporate Values Ericsson - Professionalism, Respect and Perseverance.
Ericsson is deservedly considered one of the best employers in the world. Ericsson Russia seeks to maintain high standards in this area. Our philosophy in HR field based on the principles of equal opportunities, continuous development, freedom of initiative and personal responsibility. | {
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Stately and simplified to the point of boredom. It is curious how colours—green and red—play such a significant role in a greyscale film made this long after colour films were invented and popularized. The credulous use of hypnotism is unsurprising for a Doyle adaptation, except in the detail that believers congregrate in a ”Mesmer House”, despite Mesmer himself having died and fallen into disgrace and some obscurity by the time the film is supposed to be set.
Children’s mystery TV series with lots of very non-fatal action. Not actually anything like Conan Doyle’s detective books. Six episodes (out of 26), spread evenly through the first half, are directed personally by Miyazaki. He and Mikuriya supposedly shared series direction.
Young Sherlock Holmes is an anthropomorphic dog, just like everyone else in Victorian England. He and the trusty Dr. Watson eat the very lovely young Mrs. Hudson’s cooking and always outwit dastardly Professor Moriarty, a purple wolf inventor with two clownish henchmen invented for the series.
The first episode is unfortunately the worst, featuring sails that do not react to wind and huge boilers that can be repaired in half an hour after literally exploding. Miyazaki’s six are noticeably a cut above all the rest: I tested this on myself by not looking it up first.
The biggest systemic problem with this series is the total consistency of Moriarty as the villain past the very beginning, limiting the province of mystery to imagining steampunk methods of forgery and theft, as opposed to ever wondering who did it. Secondary perpetrators compete with Moriarty and do not last beyond the episode. It’s no wonder that Lestrade is always there with a dozen officers to hunt for him. There is nothing else happening in England. Partly as a result, the last handful of episodes feel like an ordinary Western children’s show. Great choices of music, creating a soft nostalgic frame. The antropomorphism is well done. I assume the choice of it was influenced by RAI’s Italian co-producers. | {
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- Introduction & Quick Facts
- Government and society
- Cultural life
- Prehistory to early European contact
- The settlement of New France
- Early British rule, 1763–91
- National growth in the early 19th century
- From confederation through World War I
- The interwar wars
- Early postwar developments
- Foreign affairs
- The Trudeau years, 1968–84
- The late 20th and early 21st centuries
- Prime ministers of Canada
The union of Canada
The abortive rebellions dramatized the need to reform Canada’s outmoded and constrictive constitution, prompting the “Canadian question” to become a leading issue in British politics. Whig reformer John George Lambton, 1st earl of Durham, was appointed governor-general to inquire into the causes of the troubles. Durham’s stay in Canada was brief, but his inquiry was sweeping and his recommendations trenchant. Durham perceived that the colonies had stagnated and that, if they were to live side by side with the dynamic United States, they must be brought into the full stream of material progress. One political means to achieve this goal was union. Durham decided the time for the union of all the North American colonies had not yet come, but he did recommend the reunion of at least the two Canadas in order to realize the economic possibilities of the St. Lawrence River valley. In Durham’s view, union would also hasten the assimilation of the French, whom he viewed as a backward people. He also adopted a proposal of certain Upper Canadian and Nova Scotian reformers for “responsible government,” which would make the colonial executive responsible to the assembly and assure colonial self-government.
The British government refused an explicit grant of responsible government but did accept the proposal to unite the Canadas. In 1841 the united Province of Canada was established under a new and dynamic governor, Charles Poulett Thomson (later Lord Sydenham). Although the French of Lower Canada (now renamed Canada East) outnumbered the English of Upper Canada (Canada West), both sections received an equal number of seats in the new legislature. The British intended that this policy would facilitate assimilation of the French, but the French, led by such astute reform leaders as Louis Hippolyte LaFontaine, took advantage of divisions among the English-speaking legislators by allying themselves with the reformers from Canada West to push for responsible government and to make themselves indispensable for governmental stability. In Britain the success of the Industrial Revolution led to the growth of free-trade liberalism and a desire to dismantle the colonial empire. The last major protective British tariffs (the Corn Laws) were repealed in 1846, and some time after that colonial governors were instructed to implement a policy of responsible government. The policy received its first real test in 1849, when the reform ministry headed by LaFontaine and Robert Baldwin of Canada West passed a law to compensate victims of the 1837 rebellions. Governor General James Bruce, 8th earl of Elgin, Lord Durham’s son-in-law, signed the law despite strong opposition from conservatives. In reaction a mob burned the parliament buildings in Montreal.
The British North American colonies achieved self-government by 1855, and their laws and institutions were remodeled to fit the individual needs of each colony. By midcentury, Canada was poised for expansion. The British repeal of the Corn Laws had deprived the colonies of imperial protective tariffs. Some fearful merchants favoured American annexation, but to no avail. In an attempt to draw the trade of the American Midwest down the St. Lawrence River valley, work was begun on the Grand Trunk Railway in 1853. The Reciprocity Treaty (1854) between Canada and the United States eliminated customs tariffs between the two, and the resulting increase in trade with the United States—which in part replaced trade with the United Kingdom—led to an economic boom in Canada. Economic growth was especially stimulated after 1861 by the American Civil War. When the U.S. government gave notice in 1864 that it wished to abrogate the treaty by 1865, colonial politicians promoted the unification of the British North American colonies to provide a substitute market. This move was also made necessary by a continuing political deadlock between conservatives and reformers in Canada, by growing fears of U.S. military power, and by a desire to annex the northwest. After the merger of the North West Company and the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1821, direct links between Canada and the west had been cut. In Canada West, however, a shortage of good agricultural land was forcing young men to leave for the United States to homestead, and demands grew to annex the northwest to provide room for expansion.
The first significant step toward union, later called confederation, was the formation of the Great Coalition, a government that united George Brown of Canada West—leader of the so-called Clear Grits reform movement—with the Liberal-Conservatives’ John A. Macdonald of Canada West and George Étienne Cartier of Canada East. In September 1864 the three leaders attended a conference at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, in which Maritime political leaders discussed Maritime union. They persuaded the Maritimes to postpone such a union and instead to discuss creating a union of all of British North America. On October 10, 1864, an agreement to establish a general federal union was reached in Quebec. The agreement was immediately approved by the British government, which was eager to allow the colonies to govern themselves and to be rid of its obligation to defend them inland from Quebec. The path to union was not without obstacles. New Brunswick voted against union in 1865, then reversed itself in 1866; Prince Edward Island refused to enter until 1873; Newfoundland (including Labrador) also refused and did not join Canada until 1949. But the Canadas and the British government applied quiet but strong pressure on the reluctant colonies. In 1867 the three colonies of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the Canadas were united as four provinces (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, and Ontario) of the Dominion of Canada under the British North America Act, which, with certain amendments, served as the “constitution” of Canada until the adoption of the Canada Act (also known as the Constitution Act) in 1982.
The British North America Act—later retitled the Constitution Act, 1867—provided constitutions, based on the British model, for the new provinces of Quebec and Ontario, confirmed the language and legal rights of the French, and divided power between the federal government and the provinces. At its origin the union was not truly federal, as the central government was given broad powers, not unlike those the British government had possessed over the colonies. Over time, however, judicial interpretation and the growth of provincial rights moved the country toward a more federal system. For the moment, a strong central government was deemed necessary in order to develop the northwest and to build a railway to the Pacific that would bind the vast new territories there to the original provinces. | {
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Create Your Own Artworks! Sticker Book
The more than 200 stickers of extraordinary medieval creatures included in this book come from legends and stories, and are sure to appeal to children and encourage imaginative creative play. This sticker book introduces children to the Middle Ages through engaging and informative texts, and will inspire young readers to create their own imaginative worlds. In addition to stickers, the book also includes pages for painting and drawing, where children can give their imagination free rein. | {
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The team behind BRIGHT Zine, an ethical lifestyle magazine, is opening an exclusive members’ club featuring a co-working and events space in east London. Opening in June 2019, The BRIGHT Club will give members access to a private co-working space plus exclusive events. Membership is only available to individuals that are vegan or businesses that are in some way supporting veganism.
The co-working space can seat up to twenty individuals at once. The BRIGHT Store is open 7 days a week from 8am – 6pm and serves coffee, snacks and cakes sourced from local vegan businesses. The BRIGHT Club is the first of its kind, and BRIGHT has plans to roll out more spaces in 2019 and beyond.
The mission of BRIGHT is to support and nurture vegan businesses through networking, co-working and collaboration in order to create a hub for London’s vegan community based on ethical and sustainable values. There will be a specific focus on giving young vegan startups the tools that they need to progress including access to potential investors such as BRAN Investments (www.braninvestments.co.uk).
BRAN has invested in BRIGHT to open this space as the first of a UK-wide network of vegan membership clubs. Members and non-members will be able to access events hosted in the space and it will be available to rent to individuals and businesses that align with BRIGHT’s mission. BRIGHT will be hosting regular events including talks, panels, networking events, yoga clubs and more.
Laura Callan, founder of BRIGHT said: “I created BRIGHT Zine after a decade of veganism, to shine a light on the amazing things people are doing. As the vegan community has grown over recent years we thought it would be incredible to have a space to nurture the community and support vegan businesses. So the idea of The BRIGHT Club was born!” | {
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Many basketball fans only focus on the stars or the best player in the team and give little attention to average players. At times you may make remarks like “wow! I didn’t know this player is still playing”.
There are some NBA stars that played very well and had a bright future but disappeared into thin air. This did not happen because they no longer wanted to play basketball, rather it is because they are no longer playing in the United States.
Over the years, there have been a handful of players who have found success outside America. In this article, we are going to be looking at some NBA stars that are still playing but a lot of people have forgotten about. If you are a hard core-basketball fan, you likely may recognize some of the players that will be listed in this article.
Scottie Reynolds was regarded as a hero because he took his team to the final four in 2009. The next season this young man became the first team of all American and joined the likes of John Wall, DeMarcus Cousins, and two other superstars.
Scottie Reynolds did not get a red carpet fair ware from the NBA, rather he got undrafted in 2010. This made him become the first all American to get undrafted in more than 30 years.
Josh was an excellent player, but he was not able to make the All-American team. He had a fine career. While he was still playing, he was regarded as the big man. In his freshman season, he helped the Huskies win a Championship. He later went on to spend three whole seasons at UConn, where won the best defensive player title.
Mike Miller attended the University Florida. He came all the way from South Dakota. He was able to make a name for himself in the NBA. He helped the Gator get to the NCAA championship, back then in 2000. He later went on to play for the Memphis Grizzlies.
He came from New Jersey to West Virginia. He quickly became popular because he had a serious impact on the mountaineer. In his freshman year, he became their best player on the team he played for. His final game was in 2010, where he got a serious injury that ended his NBA career. He spent months rehabilitating from his injury. | {
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Do you ever feel like you’re walking around in a daze? I’ll be honest and tell you that I’ve felt like that a good bit lately, like I’m really not sure where I’m going because I can’t quite see the path. It’s misty like the morning outside my window today.
Surely, I’m not the only one who feels this way sometimes?
Because we all need direction, don’t we?
We have decisions to make. We need to know where to go and what to do and how to do it. I mean, we could walk this path if someone would just shed some light on it, right?
That’s one of the reasons I love the Light of the World.
Listen to his words: “I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness but will have the light of life.” (John 8:12)
Now, I know that the darkness he refers to is about more than just my lack of direction from day to day, but I believe he means that, too.
Because the light of life dispels the darkness of sin, but it also illuminates everything else.
My grandmother has a yellowed copy of a story in the Vicksburg Post about a tornado that struck the city one day when my mother was a young girl. The story tells how the rescue efforts went on well into the night, and with the electricity out, things were getting hard to see. One worker recalled seeing a light at the end of the street. He said he and everyone else just started moving toward it. At the end of the street was my great-grandmother with a lantern handing out coffee and sandwiches.
They found her because they followed the light.
That’s how we find the things we need as well because light is always revealing.
That can be scary, can’t it? It’s a bit like looking in the mirror under harsh fluorescent bulbs. We see our flaws. We see our faking because no amount of makeup can cover every blemish or erase every wrinkle. Light exposes them.
John 3:19-21 says, “This is the verdict: Light has come into the world, but people loved darkness instead of light because their deeds were evil. Everyone who does evil hates the light, and will not come into the light for fear their deeds will be exposed. But whoever lives by the truth comes into the light, so that it may be seen plainly that what they have done has been done in the sight of God.”
Y’all, we are just like our ancestors. Adam and Eve hid because they didn’t want their sin exposed. So do we. The thing is: our God is the same today as he was then. His light only exposes our sins so he can cover them. He took the skin of an animal and covered Adam and Eve. He takes the blood of his Son and covers us.
“For he has rescued us from the dominion of darkness and brought us into the kingdom of the Son he loves, in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins.” (Colossians 1:13-14)
We don’t have to fear because he forgives.
And that changes everything. We go from darkness to light, literally. Listen to this:
“For you were once darkness, but now you are light in the Lord. Live as children of light (for the fruit of the light consists in all goodness, righteousness and truth) and find out what pleases the Lord. Have nothing to do with the fruitless deeds of darkness, but rather expose them. It is shameful even to mention what the disobedient do in secret. But everything exposed by the light becomes visible – and everything that is illuminated becomes a light.” (Ephesians 5:8-13)
Do you hear that?
Even our sins, our failures, our pasts can become a light that leads others to Christ.
That’s why He said, “You are the light of the world. A city situated on a hill cannot be hidden. No one lights a lamp and puts it under a basket, but rather on a lampstand, and it gives light for all who are in the house. In the same way, let your light shine before men, so that they may see your good works and give glory to your Father in heaven.” (Matthew 5:14-16)
When we walk in the light, it points others to Him.
I don’t know about you, but if I’m at home alone, I like to have the lights on. For some reason, I feel less lonely. It doesn’t seem so solitary if things aren’t dark, does it?
1 John 1:5-7 says, “God is light; in him there is not darkness at all….If we walk in the light as he is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus, his Son, purifies us from all sin.”
If you’re walking in the light, you’re walking in Him. Walking in the light also means you never walk alone. We have fellowship with him and with each other, and do you know what?
Lights together shine much brighter.
I’d love to hear your thoughts on the Light of the World. Would you comment and tell me what that name means to you? Pretty please? I’d also be thrilled if you would join us at Encouraging Word Wednesday and add a link (or two) to a recent faith-filled post!
Also, check out these posts that focus on the Light: | {
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Guangzhou Olansi Healthcare Co., Ltd launches its advanced range of purifiers & water treatment equipments to worldwide clientsGuangzhou Olansi Healthcare Co.,Ltd
Guangzhou Olansi Healthcare Co., Ltd is a manufacturer and supplier of air purifiers, water purifiers and hydrogen water treatment equipments. They provide their products to their clientele from all over the world.
China, 6th Jun, 2017: Water is an essential element for ensuring the survival of human beings. With the growing population, rising pollution levels from unhealthy practices by the industries and shrinking levels of natural potable water, we as a species are facing one of the biggest challenges that threatens our survival. The world today faces the grave danger of shortage of fresh and clean drinking water. The rising levels of pollution has also led to the development of new ailments in the population such as breathing problems, frequent asthma, bronchitis etc. children as young as 3 to 4 years of age are either prone to or already suffering from lung problems.
Olansi healthcare Co., Ltd based in China that offers their range of purifiers and water treatment equipments. They are a certified company that employs various quality and manufacturing standards. Their team of highly skilled R&D team consists of 30 members. The company has a total of 11 laboratories where evaluation of their products and quality control of the manufacturing unit is checked. The queries of the customers, and the 24×7 hotline service is handled by a a team of 20 people. Straightforward and simple approach is maintained by the organization to ensure optimum output and customer satisfaction. They cater to 10 of the top rated MNCs in the world.
The company employs state of the art automated technology in their production line that ensures a dust free environment, and optimum quality. Strict quality control is maintained by the company and is overseen by the management itself! The company tends to keep reinventing themselves and come up with new and innovative ideas that cater to the ever changing market needs. High quality products and services are what they promise to their clientele and deliver the same accordingly. Olansi air purifiers are offered for both home and commercial purposes. They also offer their range of car cabin air quality controllers. They ensure the quality of the air inside a car is free from dust, dander, pollution and chemical fumes.
They also came up with their range of an advanced and innovative idea for a product that can divide an incoming stream of water into acidic and alkali components. This is done by electrolysis of water, and the company claims that their product raises the pH of water. Their range of hydrogen water machine provides the clientele with optimum quality, safe and secure drinking water.
About Guangzhou Olansi Healthcare Co., Ltd
Guangzhou Olansi Healthcare Co., Ltd is a Chinese company based in the Guanzhou province. They provide quality products that cater to the water purifier, air purifier and water treatment sector. For further details, please refer to their official website.
Person: Daniel Yuan
Company: Guangzhou Olansi Healthcare Co., Ltd
Add: Gaosha Industrial Zone,Zhongcun,Panyu District,Guangzhou,China | {
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Chapter 74: One glance charms a city, Qiuyue Hesha
Dragon Boat Translation Dragon Boat Translation
Lin Ling’s eyes widened and she looked at Lu Ze in shock. “You don’t even know the City Charming Young Duke, Qiuyue Hesha?? Are you living in some forest?
Lu Ze glanced at Lin Ling speechlessly. “I’ve just been immersed in cultivation. I don’t care about these things. I’m a hard-working student and not a naughty kid like you!”
Everyone pretended that they didn’t hear this.
Meanwhile, Harry heard this and his expression turned awkward.
He almost had a heartache when Lu Ze said he didn’t know about the city charming young duke.
Now that Lu Ze said he was a good student, for some reason, he forcefully accepted it.
He laughed dryly, “Hahaha… it seems that Lu Ze really is a hard-working student. Prodigies should be like this!”
Then he continued, “It’s alright, I’ll tell you about the benefits first. The City Charming Young Duke, Qiuyue Hesha, is our honorary lecturer for the elite martial arts class. Those students who excel might get her tutelage.”
Then he smiled at Lu Ze with a look of something that was man to man. Lu Ze was speechless.
Although Harry was very subtle about it, this was a seduction move, right?
What a joke. Was he someone who would fall for this?!
I, Lu Ze, a jungler, have no feelings!
“I can let miss Qiuyue call you now and speak to you.”
He already sent Lu Ze’s battle video to the school beforehand. The school had stated that they would cooperate wherever possible. He believed a call with Qiuyue Hesha would probably work, right?
Just when Harry was about to call, Li Kuang immediately stopped him, “Wait! Harry, this is against the rules! How do you think Qiuyue Hesha got her title? Not even we can defend against her seduction god art much less Lu Ze!”
Lu Ze heard this and immediately frowned.
The City Charming Young Duke, Qiuyue Hesha; seduction god art…
He seemed to have heard of this somewhere before.
Worry not! Let me think!
Moments later, his eyes lit up.
He remembered it!
A few years ago, when the conflict between humans and blade demons arose, Qiuyue Hesha sneaked into a city at blade demon realm’s border.
What happened that day shocked both the human race and the blade demon race.
In just one glance, the city lord, that was equivalent to the human race’s aperture opening state, commit suicide under her seduction god art. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers betrayed them and the great city fell.
One glance charms a city, Qiuyue Hesha.
It was this legendary battle that gave Qiuyue Hesha the title of City Charming Young Duke.
Her seduction god art was irresistible.
Lu Ze was shocked.
Harry, this is over the top.
I am only a child.
Harry smiled. “Li Kuang, are you joking? Seduction through a projection… Do you think Qiuyue is a star level being?”
Li Kuang opened his mouth but only shut it unhappily.
Indeed, even Qiuyue Hesha can only make one’s blood rush a little through a holographic projection. It wasn’t a big deal but she was still extremely beautiful!
She was a young duke and extremely beautiful. Any man would want a one on one tutelage with her.
This was why he only spoke of Qiuyue Hesha even though the Emperor Capital Academy had four young dukes as honorary lecturers.
Li Kuang had to admit that this was quite effective.
However, his school wasn’t too good in this aspect…
Every university would have a couple of young dukes as honorary lecturers. It was just a matter of numbers.
His school also had female young dukes as honorary lecturers, however…
Thinking about that female young duke, Li Kuang’s mouth spasmed.
Oh shit… this was the feeling of a heart attack…
He hesitated but still called that young duke.
After all, that young duke was natural enemies with Qiuyue Hesha. At least it would interfere with Harry’s plan!
At this moment, Harry’s call connected.
A seductive and lazy voice sounded, “Harry?”
Just this voice alone could make one delve into their own fantasies.
Then, a holographic projection appeared.
Both men and women instinctively looked at that figure.
However, the projection only showed her head.
This was the first word that appeared in everyone’s head.
She had long, beautiful, faint pink hair. There was an exquisite tear mole on the corner of her left eye. She had raised pink lips.
Just a simple expression made everyone feel seduced.
Even though she wasn’t even using her god art, she still emanated that aura of seduction.
But luckily she didn’t use her god art, so everyone just glanced at her once and woke up.
The girls sweated coldly.
Oh my! They felt that they were no longer straight!
Harry almost lost his composure and he laughed while saying, “Yes, I’ve found a very talented student. He might become a young duke in the future. I hope that you will help me invite him.”
Qiuyue Hesha heard this and instantly understood what Harry meant.
Seduction for someone like her was indeed easy. However, a student that could be seduced had an ordinary mindset. Even if his talent was good, he had no future.
But since Harry said this, of course, she wouldn’t reject.
She glanced at Lin Ling and Lu Ze.
“Mhm, both of your talents aren’t bad… Two little guys, want to come to our school?”
Lin Ling turned to Lu Ze and wondered what this guy would say.
After all, Lu Ze’s brain wasn’t normal.
Lu Ze smiled and asked, “Teacher Qiuyue, does your school have that young duke who uses their fists to fight?”
As soon as Lu Ze said this, Qiuyue Hesha’s smile froze for a moment.
Then, her eyes glimmered and became soft. “In terms of fist arts, any young duke should be able to teach you.”
All young dukes were experienced in fist arts, but it wasn’t their area of specialty.
The most experienced…
Qiuyue Hesha’s eyes narrowed as she thought of that person… She didn’t want to give any students over to her. | {
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Overheard – Ruth Kenyah
Two Prose Poems – Rethabile Masilo
A Dying Language – Kim Jackways
The Possibilities of Wood – Heather McQuillan
No Man’s Land – Mary Byrne
Old Bazaar Aswan – Marjory Woodfield
First Impressions – Rosalie Kempthorne
An inheritance – Lutivini Majanja
White socks – Jana Heise
Lost in Translation – Conrad Jack
Hands – Nod Ghosh
Catfish for Dinner – Mary Krakow
Somarôho – Lola Elvy
Margarine – Marty Beauchamp
You Don’t Have to Say You Love Me – Nancy Ludmerer
The Ploy – Joseph Greenslade
The leaving of the storks – Nicholas Fairclough
Family Portrait – Jennie Marima
Interview: Guest Editor John O. Ndavula
Poetry: Rethabile Masilo – Lesotho
Story: Andrew Salomon, Where the Wild Things Are – Cape Town, South Africa
Interview: Riham Adly, writer – Egypt
Art: Lionel Smit – Cape Town, South Africa
Art: Tingatinga Painting – Tanzania
Art: Alessandra Frezza, Gallery Ethiopia – Addis Ababa
Story: Steven Gowin, Rwanda Suite: Concubines – Rwanda
Interview: Catherine McNamara, writer – from Ghana to Bandiagara
Where the Wild Things Are
This was back in ninety-six, a mere two years after democracy. Struggling to find work in archaeology (that’s what you get for just assuming there’s a job at the end of a degree), I worked as a bartender.
The bar was small and decorated in an affable mismatch of objects: a crystal chandelier; a stuffed springbok head; a huge, mottled antique mirror on one wall. Close to the door hung a framed postcard of Mandela as Superman. Someone stole it. We put up another one and that got stolen as well; a small illustration of the manic optimism and rampant crime that permeated our newly minted democratic state.
It was early evening and almost empty, except for two students sitting at the far end of the bar counter. Brandy and Coke for him, gin and tonic for her. I could tell he was keen on her by how hard he was trying to sound indifferent when he asked where in the States her boyfriend was.
‘He’s in New York,’ she said.
‘Oh,’ he raised his eyebrows. ‘What does he do there?’
‘He’s an actor, so he works in a bar.’
At that moment a new customer walked in. He was dark and shiny, like polished ebony, with small, child-like teeth and bricklayer’s hands.
He ordered a Lion Lager in his Mozambican accent, wrapped his meaty fingers around the cold bottle and took a swig. ‘Have you seen one of these?’ he asked, turning the label of the bottle towards me.
“But who can even really tell what she’s thinking? One day you think she’s leaving him but the next day, you don’t even know how, you hear she found herself in his bedroom stroking his back telling him she’s sorry and asking his forgiveness. But does she hear him? He speaks her language, but she refuses to learn his. She came here supposedly to save his people from starvation, bringing her McDonalds tastes with her into his kitchen. He ate it but still slept hungry. Surely, can a man raised on ugali, tilapia and terere subsist on cardboard? Tell me, can he bear it without complaint? Listen. She’s shouting into the phone now; she shouts, cries and then begs. Shut up! If I told you that I haven’t been with my man in years would you believe it? But aren’t I always happy? Don’t I get mine too? Isn’t that the divine power we share?”
Two Prose Poems
No one could tell the archangels outside that he was dead, no two eyes could not look away, nor not draw the conclusion of their curtains over what was there: a pearl of brain like a lychee on the floor of a room in which the boy slept, left inside his Christmas. What was amiss in all of it was peril, long quarrels with evil in men. These, though substantial, came upon us like nothing we could not defeat, or prevent from disrupting the care received on the side of a road. Dialogue foreshadows hunger. Such a thing as a toenail that grows inward, like we knew that this home’s father would cost us, yet among us no question was asked about it, as the way we lost count of time fiddled with no hope for a better day.
In this town where grass welcomes people to the lake, near which tree-tops peer into themselves off the surface to find their faces, she wanders through the streets when the world is asleep, tracking time; at dawn she sits on the banks of the river as Grove begins to get up after she wills it with her thoughts; collars of sunflower live in her yard, ruffles of bright, lemon colour blooms around the dark centres which threatened her life. Those who have seen her say she lives beyond earth and heaven, watching boats on the water, her inner anchor holding her.
They say that’s what saved her, that yoga of her mind, and the fact that every time she walks past Grandview toward Morning Avenue where she lives, the weight on her shoulders waiting for love to remove it, she gets into the focus of a time when happiness lived on the cusp of everything the world had unrolled before her feet .
A Dying Language
My grandmother’s feet spiked up like monuments. Still cold, despite the starchy blankets and the heat. The hum and beep of the machines just made her swear under her breath when she woke. Her heart may be failing but her tongue still whipped.
Before she shrank, I sat on the dusty mats, a frieze of springbok dancing around the grotty walls. Mother murmured that the floor was dirty. I popped out my headphones, hip hop beats can wait, and asked Grandmother to teach me.
She pressed her lips together and expelled air with an explosive click, like a dream punctured on waking. I tried to echo her but my lip piercing was all bulky and metallic. My parents watched. Crazy, they seemed to say. Think of the future.
Nobody uses the glottis these days. Slippery as aloe, the concepts slid past: The ostrich egg method of getting water, the perfect amount of Hoodia cactus to suppress thirst, how a young girl left her village to marry a boy.
Then she asked for water. Any more than a sip and she choked. I fed her my tears but it was never enough. The clock ticked faster, like all the sounds I couldn’t save. Click. Tock.
Late. Too late. I knelt at her feet as her tongue lolled, and her agile lips went slack. And the feet of a tribal elder were no longer respected, but tagged and bagged in crisp white.
The Possibilities of Wood
Marimba Man pinches a slab of padauk between forefinger and thumb, knocks with a deep-grained fist. The timber is well dried yet this piece, by combination of waves and knots, grips the music. Stops it short. He is sad because it lacks resonance. It won’t sing for him but will find another purpose. No worries. He shifts our attention to sonorous pieces already cut to different lengths. In each of these he drills a hole, pinches, knocks, listens. The frequencies hum too high, too low, so to elicit the perfect note he must hollow out the centre or shave a wedge.
On an afternoon that buzzes with heat he carves music, shaded by a tarpaulin slung between block shed walls. Plastic tubes lean like teenagers against his workbench
Each finished bar hangs on a nail along the wall in groups of seven. ABCDEFG.
To get to a desired tone he must cut wood away, but never too much.
Each piece embraces its own ideal waveform.
His work is art and it is nitty gritty.
Each piece is its own character.
Each rings a true note.
Marimba Man’s dusty-legged son rushes to his father’s embrace. Marimba Man holds his son’s neck in the crook of his elbow, raps knuckles gently on a close-cropped skull. This boy, he declares, he does not sing. No worries. He will be an engineer maybe a doctor. There is salt at the edges of Marimba Man’s eyes. The boy wriggles free.
No Man’s Land
When the security woman unzipped my white canvas carry-on bag, the cockroach emerged, antennae first, orange-brown, shiny. Curtained off from the world, we stared at it. At least as long again as its body, its antennae caressed the air as they did from its nightly perch on soaps and detergents in my bathroom and kitchen.
Not only did security not have time, it would cause endless trouble if the presence of the cockroach were now admitted. Our flight was due to leave; we were all pretending to be cosmopolitan: the richer women would visit the airplane toilets to change out of their djellabahs into European clothes. I wouldn’t need to do that, although I’d make my rounds of every bookshop in Paris and sit in every café.
Before that could happen, this intruder from our previous lives, here in No Man’s Land, reminded us of our daily battles, our infested kitchens, Rachida grinning as she swept up their little bodies after spraying: ‘Shall I make soup?’ Things I loved when I was there and loved to escape from time to time.
The security woman decided she wasn’t going to deal with it. She pushed the cockroach back inside my bag, zipped it without searching, and pointed it at me.
‘Allez,’ she said.
As The plane reached cruising altitude and as the rich women of Casablanca queued for the toilets, I palpated the soft canvas for the moving lump , found and squeezed the struggling thing.
Old Bazaar Aswan
The herbalist sells hibiscus flowers. Good for your heart, he says. Boiled in cold water they’ll bring your blood pressure down. Tamarind. Okra. Black Lemon. When I crouch to take a photo she asks for baksheesh. The money-changer sits outside the madrasa. Hands full of notes. Verses from the Qu’ran painted onto the mosque’s white-washed walls. Women rifle through clothing. Men talk, smoke shisha. Voices of shop-keepers. 1. Buy my small pyramid. 2. I don’t know what you want but I have it here. 3. Come into my shop. Everything is almost free. A small boy weaves through the crowd. He holds a metal tray with two tulip glasses of amber tea, white sugar lumps. Disappears into the blur of people.
Nubian hats. All colours, piled high. Pashminas. Postcards, corners bent and yellowed. “Where are you from?” he asks and I say, “Where do you think?” He lists every country he knows, ends with Australia. “Close,” I say, “New Zealand.”
“Ah,” he says. “Kiwi.” Grins. Just one tooth. “Kia ora.”
We were all born here. Maybe that’s why it feels somehow like home.
And yet the skyline: isn’t it much like where I came from? A smudged sky, a tetrus-scape of tall, window-speckled buildings. An ochre sprawl. The shy emergence of what will become a sea of lights. The same glint of sunlight across a field of glass windows.
There’s a man here to meet me. An uncle, I think, or second cousin. They told me his name would be Michael, and he’d be kind to me. He’d take care of me since there was nobody else.
He’s taller than expected, and his beard is flecked with grey. A hand held out for mine that’s ringed, that’s gnarled with age. A thick silver ring with a green stone, a bronze, red-hued ring.
They make it hard to take his hand.
“Don’t worry,” he tells me. “You’re here now. You’ll be all right.”
“It’s so hot,” I say, for something to say, to stall while I’m running him through my mind, frantically trying to figure out what he is, how he can ever be anything even approaching a replacement.
“You’ll get used to it,” he promises.
There’s so much to get used to. This radical shift in geography is least of it. I’m not sure I want his hand, but I hold it as we leave the airport. It’s a different shade of blue up there. “I’ll try,” is as much as I can offer him right now.
The three girls make an excellent exhibit even before they are photographed. Their forward march drowns out the catcalls and the “Check your weight!” calls. Three girls in dresses and shoes not quite identical. Shades of purple. They are unfazed from the trip that started with them chasing after the bus that threatened to leave them even though they had been patient, waiting for the next available ride.
Their shoulders move freely as if they hadn’t flinched when the bus conductor nudged their backs as he pushed them, into the vehicle – ‘Harakisha!’ – and then whispering the unsayable to the eldest of them. She is nineteen. The youngest one heard it too. Eight years old, she didn’t understand. The fourteen-year-old will not dwell on the fact that the conductor’s long fingernail tickled her palm, a provocation, when she gave him the fare, and again when he returned the change.
With their various going-somewhere faces they reflect back the sunshine, moving to a beat – their own. Arms swing, claiming all the space that can be claimed on the crowded footpaths. They set aside how frightened they felt when they had to also jump out of the moving vehicle that wouldn’t stop at the bus stop, not even for the youngest one. In their finest wear, they are going to the studio to get photographed for their mother. She wants to remember them innocent.
Girls and boys play together on the beach. Children in old T-shirts and shorts – on the sand, falling, in the shallows, splashing. A girl smiles a sharp-toothed grin. She bends her knees and claps, jumps. She sings Malaika. A boy reaches down, his fingers sifting through stones and pebbles and sharply smashed glass. He takes a handful of sand and rubs it into his scalp, weaving the grains in his short, tight curls, trapping them for weeks to come. Later their mothers will pull white socks up their calves and dress them in shiny shoes, leather shoes, dresses, button-down shirts. Things to be proud of. A stain is an implication, a tear is a smear. Against the family, against their means and ways and life. They will feel this later. They will feel this pride, this distinction. They will know how the little things matter and they will pull white socks up the tiny calves of their own children.
Lost in Translation
Ricky looked up from his Google translate and leapt bravely into the line of fire.
“Meio quilo de pequena, por favor.” Nailed it.
The Angolan over the counter rattled a string of incomprehensible chatter.
Ricky sighed. The little phone app was proving to be almost useless. He was drowning in Portuguese.
“No comprehendo. Mayo Kilo? De mince?”
More static in response.
Ricky reverted to sign language, cutting his palm in half with his other hand. Pointing at the mound of ground beef.
The Angolan raised one eyebrow. Opened both hands.
“Pequena, mince.” Ricky hopped from side to side. “Mayo, half, mince. ” Chopping his arm in half while pointing at the mince with his foot.
“Half. Mayo. Half. Mayo.”
Pointing at his bald spot. At the mince.
“Ahhh.” Understanding shining in his eyes. “Meio quilo.”
“Yes – si, si.” Ricky held his arms up in success. “That’s what I said. Half a kilo of mince, for chrissake. Obrigado. Thanks. ”
Ricky opened the door and walked into his apartment. It was a relief to get out from the heat and dump his hard-earned groceries onto the bench.
“Did you get the chicken for Masala?” His wife spoke from the couch where she was cuddled into a book.
“Chicken? You said you wanted mince.”
He checked his phone.
“Frango. It’s pronounced fucking frango.”
Ricky slammed the door on his way out.
They served a breakfast of salty porridge. Ayoub’s mother said it was made from wheat. She used three Berber words for every one French.
“You should wear this, Janine,” Saeeda said. Asmaa passed me a nylon slip. The sisters avoided looking at my naked legs. “The chef de ville wants to meet you and Chris.” They laughed at my denim shorts. “Didn’t your mother teach you how to dress?”
Ayoub and his brothers took Chris with them. They were gone for hours. The boys’ father stayed behind with the women. He acted like he didn’t know what his sons were doing, though the boys had returned from yesterday’s trip reeking of kif.
Darkness fell. The sisters painted my hands with henna: lines, crosses and V-shapes. I wondered when Chris would be back.
He slipped into the bed beside me. The relentless heat threatened to suffocate us. His hands pulsed and squeezed beneath the borrowed slip. It was the roughness of his skin that gave him away. That and the unfamiliar smell.
Arrêtes, I hissed, and ran into the courtyard where Chris and Ayoub were smoking.
The family stood in line to say goodbye the next morning. “Which brother was it?” Chris asked on the train, his hands rolling into fists.
“I don’t know,” I said. “It was dark.” Though I couldn’t name the boy, I’ll never forget his abrasive palms or the ochre tang of his breath.
They served salty porridge at the hotel in Tangiers. I couldn’t eat it.
Catfish for Dinner
“It won’t die!”
The fish flailed in the boat.
“Hit it with a club.”
“What do you mean you can’t?”
“It’s alive. I can’t kill it!”
“What did you think was going to happen when I asked you fishing?”
“This is different. Fish always die when you pull them out of the water.”
“Not this sucker.”
“Do you suppose it’s magic, like the fish in that old fairy tale?”
“The one with the three wishes?”
“Let’s try. Okay. Um. I wish it would die!”
The catfish quivered. The catfish flopped.
“I think you killed it.”
The two friends stood over the Sudanese catfish as it trembled and shook.
It turned an eye on them and whispered, “Fools. You had two more wishes.”
[Note: Sudanese Catfish are air-breathers. They can live a long time out of water.]
There is color in the skies, mirroring the ground’s beat, and the bustle of feet has never felt so lively, and it is suffocating and liberating, the smell of people sickening and overwhelming, comforting and beckoning, drawing you in, conning you into believing that this, this chaos, this unison without form, is home somehow, and you believe it, you do, because what else is there to believe, what other course of action to take, but forward, constantly forward, moving not through or alongside the crowd, but with it, watching it move alongside you, and this is, in truth, an individual act, a motion comprised of individual persons with individual lives, and there is music in the streets today, you know, but you cannot hear it, no, the noise, the noise, it’s too much, it is drowning you, taking your breath from your lungs, but you are at peace, you do not mind, because this, this is home, and the con is not a cruel con, no, because you know it for what it is, a lie wrapped in clothes of red and yellow and blue, but you close your eyes to it for now, because lies are ideas, and they are real, and they matter, and because yesterday there was no music in the streets, and tomorrow there will be no rush of people, but today, today is now, today is present, and today can last forever if you let it.
[Note: Somarôho – Malagasy festival, Nosy Be, Madagascar]
Cheetahs chasing Thomson gazelle, hyena cackling at the heels of the Land Rover as we raced sunset out of the park.
I spotted a leopard. So rare an occurrence that Peter, our driver, didn’t believe me at first. A steep kopje, bare other than the small rock teetering near its top, a smaller stone nestling alongside. Perhaps the leopard flicked his tail or raised his nose to the afternoon breeze. We made a slow arc back; he sat high above, regal, impervious.
We would be ravenous. John, the cook, the centre of the universe every evening. He guarded his supplies jealously, beamed as he watched our faces light up at the meals he conjured.
Our last night a mango rolled off John’s tiny fold-out table and he leapt after it. A vervet monkey was out of the overhanging branches to snatch up John’s huge tub of margarine before any of us could move. Tossing the lid, the monkey climbed back amongst its clan, grinning wildly down at John. It raised a long finger, held it theatrically, then scooped out a huge glob of the golden prize and plunged it into its mouth.
The monkey grimaced, roared, stood up with his arms thrown wide so that we might know his total disgust. The vervet flung the tub to the ground, where it collapsed into the dust.
You Don’t Have to Say You Love Me
“Go on, Zach,” Dad says from the driver’s side. He unclicks the lock. I clutch the book Molly gave me, Born Free, about a lioness named Elsa. We’re going to South Africa in June for my 13th birthday: Dad, his fiancée Molly and me.
I climb the cracked steps, dawdle in the hall. If only Dad would come in, sit beside Mom, explain instead of just texting. Then he could hear it on the CD player: You don’t have to say you love me.
It was playing when they met. For months after Dad left, Mom played it constantly. My best friend asked: “What’s wrong with her?”
“She’s lovesick,” I explained, like it was a real disease, like cancer or strep. After three years, still no cure.
Now she huddles on the sofa with her wineglass, her dish of almonds, pale shards like ghosts. Dusty Springfield warbles: All that’s left is loneliness. My least favorite line – with plenty of contenders.
Once I saw Dusty on video, looking not dusty but glowy. Like Mom before becoming Mom.
Mom tells me Dusty went to South Africa in 1964, sang to integrated audiences, had her visa revoked. Apartheid is over, Mom says, but not the inequality.
She sees my book. “How ridiculous! Elsa was from Kenya, not South Africa. Besides, Born Free isn’t the whole truth. You’ll always seek the whole truth, won’t you, Zach?”
Years later, I still don’t know what that is. I wish I could ask her.
“Tonight, ladies and gentleman,” the safari guide says as he gets into the open-air Land Cruiser, “we’re going to find lions.”
“Lions! We’re going to find lions, Grandma!” The boy quivers with excitement.
“Well, we’ll go out but if it’s up to me, the lions can have the night off,” the grandmother replies nervously.
They take off and it’s not long before the guide hops out and looks around on the ground.
“I’ve found some tracks. We’re close!” he says.
They continue on before the Land Cruiser makes a gut-wrenching lurch and stops. The setting sun streaks across the horizon as the passengers gasp. The words they fear are spoken.
“We’ve broken down,” the safari guide says. “It may take us some time to get going again. I’ll check the engine.” The safari guide hops out. The grandmother grips her grandson’s arm. “I’m going to need some help,” the safari guide says.
The grandmother’s grip tightens as her stomach turns. “Don’t you dare get out of this Land Cruiser.”
“Grandma, relax,” the boy says.” I’m sure everything will turn out fine.”
He slides his arm free and hops off the side of the Land Cruiser.
“What are you doing? Get back in here this instant,” the grandmother pleads.
“Okay, I’m going to need everyone out to help push,” says the safari guide.
Everyone but the grandmother gets out.
“It’s alright grandma – hop out.”
Warily the grandmother lowers herself to the savannah floor and sees the picnic laid out.
The leaving of the storks
I look up at the gigantic stork’s nest, searching for the family of four. They’re not to be seen.
“Where have they gone?” I ask some locals, pointing up at the nest.
“To Africa.” I’m told. As if Africa is small and defined.
“But where in Africa?”
I’m given unapologetic shrugs. There’s a pause as the locals look at one another, seeing who will answer.
“Africa.” One of them finally states.
Africa. Conrad’s Africa? Tribal Africa? Apartheid Africa? Coetzee’s Africa? Sahara Africa? Safari Africa? Dinesen’s Africa? Colonised Africa – French, British, …? Christian Africa? Muslim Africa? Flisar’s Africa? Gorillas-in-the-mist Africa? Coastal Africa? Inland Africa? Corrupt and dangerous Africa? Lonely Planet’s Africa?
I make my way down to the lake edge in hope of finding the storks there. My last-ditch effort to see these angelic, graceful birds one more time. An offshore wind is blowing. Leaves, plucked off the branches overhanging the lake, tumble from the sky. They land and float on the water’s surface then, like boats, sail away … slowly and surely on a course defined by the breeze. The wind that’s taking everything with it: The leaves. The storks. Summer. What else will be taken? … and where is it all going? To this mysterious, vast Africa? This unspecified, simple ‘Africa’?
All I’m certain of is: it’s going away from here.
But not from me. The memory will stay, stuck in my head. Heavy. Unmovable. Going nowhere. Certainly not Africa.
Mama and I went to Uncle’s office.
“Your father was a good man,” he said, tapping my shoulder.
Mama sat coiled in the chair as we waited for him to write a cheque. I smiled nervously.
When Mama spoke about Uncle at home, her voice was loud. She called him ‘no different than an armed robber’. After her spectacular venting Mama would calm down and say, “We must never speak ill of Uncle outside these walls.”
I had pieced together a sketchy timeline of what might have happened. Papa and Uncle had a business. Mama says Papa was too kind to realize what a two-timing snake his brother was.
Papa took ill suddenly. Uncle was never available. Papa soon passed on.
“My husband was a gentle soul,” Mama would say to the few people who came to see us in our one-roomed shack after our dramatic eviction from the prestigious apartments we once lived ‘happily’.
But that’s not what I remember. I remember hitting and slamming. Afterwards, Mama struggled to explain her bruised face. “Oh, the floor in our bedroom is so slippery,” she would say. “One day, it’ll crack my brain open.”
I was 10. I knew Papa hit her. I longed for a time when Mama and I could live without Papa’s constant terror.
The autopsy said it was poisoning. After Papa’s funeral, Uncle visited us in the dead of the night. He would make the case go away as long as we, too, went away. | {
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Sunday, December 30, 2018
Daisy's Search for Freedom
It’s the 1850s and Daisy, a slave girl from Alabama, is thrilled when her Mama is brought to her plantation to be the new cook. Six Oaks Plantation has been Daisy’s home for years, and the future looks bright now that she and her Mama have been reunited. The happiness doesn’t last, though, when a dangerous encounter with a notorious slave hunter endangers Daisy’s life. She has no choice but to run. Leaving behind everything she has ever known, Daisy strikes out alone on the Underground Railroad.
Daisy’s search for freedom leads her deep into the woods. Along the way she is joined by Simon, a four-year-old boy and his pet kitten. Pursued by dogs, uncertainty, and a slave tracker determined to capture them by any means necessary, Daisy starts to wonder if she will ever be safe again. Does Jesus care about runaway slaves lost in the woods?
Daisy's Search for Freedom contains thought-provoking discussion questions for young readers.
“As a mom to a ten-year-old girl, I am always struggling to find wholesome and educational books for my daughter to read. Daisy’s Search for Freedom is just what I was hoping it would be. Bertha Schwartz carefully spins the tale of a slave girl who is searching for the Underground Railroad with nothing but her faith in God to lead her. The first book in The Searchers series does an excellent job of making history come alive through the eyes of someone my own child’s age. Schwartz does not shy away from uncomfortable topics but does an excellent job at depicting history in a way that is age-appropriate and faith-based. This series is a great way to ignite a love for history in our children while showing them how God has always been and will always be at work in our lives.”
—Katie Cruice Smith
Author of Why Did You Choose Me?
My thoughts: Geared towards Middle School age readers (but enjoyable for all ages) this is a wonderful, historical based fiction story that follows the tale of Daisy, a young slave girl. Daisy is able to read and write, something that is illegal for slaves to do, making it a rare talent to have and putting her in a position to pass notes in what she discovers is the Underground Railroad. Through her involvement in note writing, she has the opportunity to escape herself.
What I liked most about this book is the discussion questions included, since they make this book more than just a piece of historical fiction. I highly recommend this title for young readers!
I received this book from Just Read Tours. This is my honest review and is in no way influenced by receiving a complimentary copy.
This post contains affiliate links. | {
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Two young twins from New Zealand have featured on The Ellen Show after their mum shared a picture of them in her kitchen.
In Ellen's newest segment 'Why I Don't Have Kids', parents were asked to send in different photos of their kids in curly predicaments. Ellen shortlisted her favourites and two Kiwi twins made the cut.
The picture shows the two toddlers in the kitchen surrounded by a dozen or so eggs that are broken all over the kitchen floor. The toddlers appear to be having a grand old time mucking around in the yolks and shells - but we could imagine that their mum would not be too impressed! | {
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!!!Laughter Is A Tranquilizer With Side Effects…So Please Take It Regularly!!!
Chief Yagbe Awolowo Onilu is a Master Drummer, Composer, Diviner, and Lecturer. He serves as the Artistic Director of “Heritage – The Vision Continues,” a West African-Cuban music and dance ensemble dedicated to the study and performance of the rich African music and dance heritage of West Africa, Cuba and other Caribbean islands.
He is a master of West African, Cuban, and Haitian traditional instruments, as well as singer and teacher of African and African diaspora musical culture. His love of African drum and percussion ensemble music started at a young age in Cayes, Haiti where he was born. He completed his early drumming apprenticeship in the shrines of Haiti as a child protégé.
Chief Yagbe is among the most distinguished group of African diaspora tradition bearers who continue to impart their knowledge through workshops, lectures, festivals and in-school instruction.
His Vision and Inspiration:
- TEACH the fundamentals of West African/Cuban music and culture through sacred stories, rhythms and songs.
- INSPIRE all who embrace the teachings of the culture with life-enhancing principles and practices for health and well-being.
- STRENGTHEN communion and values of self-respect, respect for others, hard work, integrity, sense of community.
Detailed Biography – Chief Yagbe Awolowo Onilu
Chief Yagbe serves as the Artistic Director of “Heritage – The Vision Continues,” A West African-Cuban music and dance ensemble dedicated to the study and performance of the rich heritage of West Africa, Cuba and other Caribbean islands. His love of African drum and percussion ensemble music started at a young age in Cayes, Haiti where he was born. He completed his early drumming apprenticeship in the shrines of Haiti as a child protégé. Chief Yagbe is among the most distinguished traditional culture bearers in the African Diaspora. He is dedicated to preserving African spirituality and culture through lectures, music, and spiritual counsel (divination).
A dynamic teacher of African culture, Chief Yagbe edifies music, dance, and spirituality. His many travels throughout the African diaspora (30 to West African and 12 to Cuba) have given him wisdom and insight that only comes from working with and studying with revered elders. He has spent a lifetime learning an array of styles and traditions, locally and abroad, that inform his teachings and illuminates his artistic mastery.
Chief Yagbe is a Griot in the purest form. His teachings bear the same vibrancy and richness as those elders who have carried forth culture and tradition for millennium. His approach espouses Africa in that he does not work in a linear fashion. Instead, Chief Yagbe understands the importance of the circular interconnected of life and all its manifestations. When teaching how to play instruments, he brings to those lessons the origins of the instrument, which often includes the creation story behind it. The importance of this approach is for the student to truly understand the instrument, how it came into existence, its significance, and the gift it brings to the world. Having this knowledge is equally, if not more important than how to just play the notes correctly. It aids the student in connecting to the instrument and understanding its purpose at a level that explores the esoteric. These components bring the instrument to life, giving the sounds a profound richness. It is what makes the music felt so deeply by those whose ears and spirits it touches.
Chief Yagbe incorporates a holistic approach to his teachings that makes his lessons an experience. His lectures are hallmarked by his charismatic storytelling. He brings energy and passion to the content he is presenting. Most importantly, he brings a vast well of knowledge that he draws from and pours out to his audiences. He becomes the content he presents; he is Ifa, he is the Drum, he is the Shekere.
Chief Yagbe is the recipient of many important international honors including the highest title bestowed on skilled drummers dedicated to the Yoruba religious traditions of Cuba, known as Santeria. “Oba Ilu”, King of the Drums, receiving the sacred “Anya” Drums of Nicolas “Titi” Angarica in 1990. He was the first non-Cuban to be given a set of sacred drums.
A Californian resident since 1976, Chief Yagbe has performed with African traditional and contemporary dance companies. Among these are Dimensions Dance Theatre, The African Music and Dance Ensemble, Fua Dia Congo, Ceedo Senegalese Dance Company, Ballet Saba, Nuba Dance Theatre, Beatriz Ross Cultural Ensemble and Bantaba. Chief Yagbe has conducted many workshops and performances with internationally renowned companies such as the Senegal National Dance Company,Les Ballets African Guinee, Conjunto National Cuba, Afro Cuba Matanza, Noche Cubana and Escuela de Arte Cuba, Mario Papo Angarica Havana Cuba.
Chief Yagbe Awolowo Onilu is one of the greatest living bearers of W/African and Afro-Cuban knowledge and tradition. A masterful Drummer, Composer, Diviner, Griot, and Lecturer he is internationally respected and revered for his knowledge, charisma and drumming prowess. Working with his extended “HERITAGE The Vision Continues” Family Ayan-Agalu. Yagbe have become known throughout The World as Wisdom Keeper of West African and Afro-Cuban traditions.
Since settling in Oakland California, Yagbe have developed a distinct music and dance culture for ceremonies honoring the gods and for secular enjoyment. In his liner notes, Yagbe provides extensive historical information and descriptions of instruments and ceremonies. He explains, “A rhythmic beat and a vocal chorus are a part of every folktale, and music without dancing is virtually non-existence.”
The Griot is the storyteller of their tribe who passes on the history of their people orally. It is said when a Griot dies, a library has burned to the ground. A Griot is a human library. A Griot is a (historian, adviser, spokesperson, diplomat, peace-maker, praise-singer, interpreter, translator, musician, teacher, composer, and witness). In many African tribes, a Griot is all of these things and more, a tangible link to the past. Someone who could touch you with stories and facts about what kind of person you are.
Orunmila = Ifa-Vodun-Orisha-Ayan-Egungun…
Chieftaincy Title = *Agba Awo* Oketase Ile-Ife Oshun State Nigeria 1995
“God’s gift of the adept has returned through the sacred spirit of the drums, Ayan-Agalu”
Dedicated to the spreading and sharing information and knowledge. Hidden for centuries, Ifa is a nature religion that helps to develop realistic relationships with the natural forces that govern the universe. Ifa is not Religion, History, Philosophy, And Science, but Ifa contains Religion, History, Philosophy, and Science within itself by which wonderful things are performed. Ifa is not anyone thing, but it contains everything within it, in it totality.
In 1980, in recognition of his mastery, Chief Yagbe was initiated into Ifa, the ancient wisdom tradition on which Yoruba philosophy, arts, music, customs, science, medicine, culture and religion are based.
Chief Yagbe was also crowned the most consecrated diviner title in the Yoruba tradition, “Agba Awo Ile-Ife” = The elders of the diviners of the earth that spread.
F.E.A.R = False Evidence Appearing Real…. The Oldest & Strongest Emotion Of Mankind Is Fear – The Oldest & Strongest Kind Of Fear Is Fear Of The Unknown. Expose Yourself To Your Deepest Fear. Stand Tall – Wear A Crown – Be Sweet On The Inside. A River Does Not Flow & Look Back…
***Naomi Scott = I am so excited for you rite now! ah I am sending you so much love and joy as you embark upon this journey. I hope you will have many empowering and uplifting experiences as you continue to learn from the Egun and the Elders in DanXome, and that you will be surrounded with blessings that will nurture your vibrant spirit, and opportunities to expand your ever-growing wisdom and knowledge. Aboru Aboye Abosise! Kudos Baba! ok take care, and enjoy your journey!
***Simeon Jérôme = Nou se nèg kitifè nèg tayifè nèg bakosou la de nèg pile pase nèg vantem pafyem nèg ki kòmande 4 ka fou!
***Shmuel Daffner = Much love Baba, I’m so grateful for your friendship and how you have taught me so much. I’m really able to connect and have fun because of the many lessons you have taught us..
*** Eric Hudson = Your wisdom is such a helpful resource for those of us in trying to go deeper into our culture. Again, thank you, I wish you a year of powerful and positive transformations.
***Marsea Marquis = Beautiful website Baba, such a gift to humanity. Thank you! Asè, Axè, Ashè, Achè | {
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Science Space Why NASA's Day of Remembrance Still Matters By Kristen Bobst Writer University of Southern California Trinity College Dublin University of Florida Kristen Bobst has written educational apps for kids and reports on space exploration for a variety of websites. our editorial process Kristen Bobst Updated January 28, 2020 The crew of the Challenger mission (back row from left): Ellison S. Onizuka, Christa McAuliffe, Greg Jarvis and Judy Resnik. And in front, from left: Michael J. Smith, Dick Scobee and Ron McNair. NASA/Wikimedia Commons Share Twitter Pinterest Email Science Space Natural Science Technology Agriculture Energy As we set our sights on traveling to Mars, it's important to remember the legacies of those astronauts who lost their lives in the service of discovery. Their sacrifices ultimately make future astronauts' journeys safer, and even though these disasters occurred years ago, the losses are no less poignant today. Then-President Obama expressed this sentiment best when he spoke during the 2013 Day of Remembrance, which marked the 10-year anniversary of the loss of space shuttle Columbia, "As we undertake the next generation of discovery, today we pause to remember those who paid the ultimate sacrifice on the journey of exploration. Right now we are working to fulfill their highest aspirations by pursuing a path in space never seen before, one that will eventually put Americans on Mars." To keep the fallen astronauts in mind, NASA commemorates all lost astronauts every year. This year, NASA's Day of Remembrance is marked on Jan. 28, the 30th anniversary of the Challenger tragedy. That explosion took the lives of Christa McAuliffe, Gregory B. Jarvis, Judith A. Resnik, Francis R. Scobee, Ronald E. McNair, Michael J. Smith and Ellison S. Onizuka. NASA's Day of Remembrance always falls at the end of January or the beginning of February because all three disasters occurred in this window. Apollo 1 was lost on Jan. 27, 1967, claiming the lives of Virgil Grissom, Edward White and Roger Chaffee. Columbia broke apart on Feb. 1, 2003, killing Rick D. Husband, William C. McCool, Michael P. Anderson, Kalpana Chawla, David M. Brown, Laurel Clark and Ilan Ramon. The sense of determination that drives space exploration is a recurring theme when presidents speak about them. When then-President George W. Bush addressed the nation on the day of the Columbia tragedy, he said, "The cause in which they died will continue. Mankind is led into the darkness beyond our world by the inspiration of discovery and the longing to understand. Our journey into space will go on." Ronald Reagan's address to the nation on the day of the Challenger tragedy, punctuated by his famous quotation from the poem "High Flight," reinforced these sentiments. The idea of the continued journey in spite of tragedy speaks to the kind of person willing to put his or her life at risk. This is what makes astronauts such important figures. We have a lot to thank astronauts for. Their work in space influences our life on Earth. The risks they take make them role models for children and inspirational figures for the rest of us. Astronauts are made of "the right stuff" our culture craves. Just think of the young girls who may see themselves in female astronauts and enter into a STEM field to achieve that goal. Space travel unites us. When you watch a control room during a mission, you can see the communal sense of anticipation followed by sheer joy when the mission is a success. The euphoria of the 2012 landing of the Curiosity Rover on Mars was a great example — and we celebrated with them. The shared emotion applies to tragedies, too. Space exploration sums up what it is to be human: to wonder and to dream. NASA's Day of Remembrance reminds us to acknowledge the sacrifices of those who risked their lives getting us where we are now — planning for a manned journey to Mars. | {
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Scott Warfield is an assistant professor of music history at the University of Central Florida.
To be honest, the operas of Gaetano Donizetti can be pretty thin stuff most of the time. The story lines are simple, the characters one-dimensional, and even the music — especially the accompaniments –can descend to the generic.
Despite these very real limitations of the material, many of his operas retain interest today, and Orlando Opera showed why in its new production of The Elixir of Love on Friday evening at the Bob Carr Performing Arts Centre.
The essence of any Italian opera, especially one from the early 19th century, is melody, which places a premium on the singing actors, and that is the strength of this production. All four leads were in very good form, and they were supported by an excellent chorus and orchestra.
Aaron Pegram, who has been a resident artist with this company in recent years, gave what may have been his best performance yet in Orlando in the role of Nemorino, the insecure young villager who finds his confidence in Dr. Dulcamara’s dubious potion.
Pegram was a very winning presence from his first moments on stage, and it was clear that his voice is maturing and filling out nicely. His finest singing came in the second-act aria “Una furtiva lagrima,” which drew deservedly strong applause from an appreciative audience.
The comic center of this work was handled with style and aplomb by Ron Nelman, whose big bass voice perfectly fit the outsized character of Dulcamara, the peddler of the phony elixir. Nelman also gave several impressive displays of vocal dexterity in patter arias.
Nemorino’s rival, Sergeant Belcore, was well played and sung by Carlos Archuleta. These sorts of roles are easy to overdo, and both Nelman and Archuleta created characters just broad enough to amuse without going overboard.
As Adina, the object of everyone’s affection, Anna Vikre was an animated figure on the stage, and her voice was generally solid, although her uppermost notes were occasionally edgy or pinched.
Robin Stamper, who has been doing an excellent job preparing choruses for Orlando Opera for several seasons, continued in that vein for this production, and he also handled the conducting duties in a capable fashion.
The only slight negative in this production was the staging, whose problems began in the first act with sets that were placed so far downstage as to leave no room for any creative movement by almost anyone in the cast. There were plenty of small comic bits scattered in the chorus, however, which did add to the atmosphere on stage.
Such a limitation merely focused the attention back on the voices, which is, as any fan of Donizetti will tell you, where it ought to be, and why one should see Orlando Opera’s latest effort.
The Orlando Opera performed the opera Elixir of Love at the Bob Carr Performing Arts Center on February 10, 12, and 14, 2006. The following are pages from the program identifying Board of Trustees, Executive Officers, artists, chorus, and production staff. The program includes a chronology the Orlando Opera repertory since 1958. | {
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Using ESO’s Very Large Telescope, an international team of astronomers have found the hottest and most massive double star with components so close that they touch each other. The two stars in the extreme system VFTS 352 could be heading for a dramatic end, during which the two stars either coalesce to create a single giant star, or form a binary black hole.
Almeida, Sana, de Mink et al. ApJ in press, preprint
The double star system VFTS 352 is located about 160 000 light-years away in the Tarantula Nebula . This remarkable region is the most active nursery of new stars in the nearby Universe and new observations from ESO’s VLT have revealed that this pair of young stars is among the most extreme and strangest yet found.
VFTS 352 is composed of two very hot, bright and massive stars that orbit each other in little more than a day. The centres of the stars are separated by just 12 million kilometres . In fact, the stars are so close that their surfaces overlap and a bridge has formed between them. VFTS 352 is not only the most massive known in this tiny class of “overcontact binaries” — it has a combined mass of about 57 times that of the Sun — but it also contains the hottest components — with surface temperatures above 40 000 degrees Celsius.
Extreme stars like the two components of VFTS 352, play a key role in the evolution of galaxies and are thought to be the main producers of elements such as oxygen. Such double stars are also linked to exotic behaviour such as that shown by “vampire stars”, where a smaller companion star sucks matter from the surface of its larger neighbour (eso1230).
In the case of VFTS 352, however, both stars in the system are of almost identical size. Material is, therefore, not sucked from one to another, but instead may be shared . The component stars of VFTS 352 are estimated to be sharing about 30 per cent of their material.
Such a system is very rare because this phase in the life of the stars is short, making it difficult to catch them in the act. Because the stars are so close together, astronomers think that strong tidal forces lead to enhanced mixing of the material in the stellar interiors.
“The VFTS 352 is the best case yet found for a hot and massive double star that may show this kind of internal mixing,” explains lead author Leonardo A. Almeida of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. “As such it’s a fascinating and important discovery.”
Astronomers predict that VFTS 352 will face a cataclysmic fate in one of two ways. The first potential outcome is the merging of the two stars, which would likely produce a rapidly rotating, and possibly magnetic, gigantic single star. “If it keeps spinning rapidly it might end its life in one of the most energetic explosions in the Universe, known as a long-duration gamma-ray burst,” says the lead scientist of the project, Hugues Sana, of the University of Leuven in Belgium.
The second possibility is explained by the lead theoretical astrophysicist in the team, Selma de Mink of University of Amsterdam: “If the stars are mixed well enough, they both remain compact and the VFTS 352 system may avoid merging. This would lead the objects down a new evolutionary path that is completely different from classic stellar evolution predictions. In the case of VFTS 352, the components would likely end their lives in supernova explosions, forming a close binary system of black holes. Such a remarkable object would be an intense source of gravitational waves.”
Proving the existence of this second evolutionary path would be an observational breakthrough in the field of stellar astrophysics. But, regardless of how VFTS 352 meets its demise, this system has already provided astronomers with valuable new insights into the poorly understood evolutionary processes of massive overcontact binary star systems.
This star’s name indicates that it was observed as part of the VLT FLAMES Tarantula Survey, which utilised theFLAMES and GIRAFFE instruments on ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) to study over 900 stars in the 30 Doradus region of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The survey has already led to many exciting and important findings including the fastest rotating star (eso1147), and an extremely massive solitary runaway star (eso1117). It is helping to answer many fundamental questions concerning how massive stars are affected by rotation, binarity and the dynamics in dense star clusters.
This study also used brightness measurements of VFTS 352 over a period of twelve years made as part of the OGLEsurvey.
Both components are classed as O-type stars. Such stars are typically between 15 and 80 times more massive than the Sun and can be up to a million times brighter. They are so hot that they shine with a brilliant blue-white light and have surface temperatures over 30 000 degrees Celsius.
These regions around the stars are known as Roche lobes. In an overcontact binary such as VFTS 352 both stars overfill their Roche lobes.
Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) are bursts of highly energetic gamma rays that are detected by orbiting satellites. They come in two types — short duration (shorter than a few seconds), and long duration (longer than a few seconds). Long-duration GRBs are more common and are thought to mark the deaths of massive stars and be associated with a class of very energetic supernova explosions.
Predicted by Einstein’s theory of general relativity, gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of space and time. Significant gravitational waves are generated whenever there are extreme variations of strong gravitational fields with time, such as during the merger of two black holes.
This research was presented in a paper in entitled “Discovery of the massive overcontact binary VFTS 352: Evidence for enhanced internal mixing”, by L. Almeida et al., in the Astrophysical Journal.
The team is composed of L.A. Almeida (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil), H. Sana (STScI, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; KU Leuven, Belgium), S.E. de Mink (University of Amsterdam, Netherlands), F. Tramper (University of Amsterdam, Netherlands), I. Soszynski (Warsaw University Observatory, Poland), N. Langer (Universität Bonn, Germany), R.H. Barba (Universidad de La Serena, Chile), M. Cantiello (University of California, Santa Barbara, USA), A. Damineli (Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil), A. de Koter (University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; Universiteit Leuven, Belgium), M. Garcia (Centro de Astrobiologa (INTA-CSIC), Spain), G. Gräfener (Armagh Observatory, UK), A. Herrero (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Spain; Universidad de La Laguna, Spain), I. Howarth (University College London, UK), J. Maz Apellaniz (Centro de Astrobiologa (INTA-CSIC), Spain), C. Norman (Johns Hopkins University, USA), O.H. Ramrez-Agudelo (University of Amsterdam, Netherlands) and J.S. Vink (Armagh Observatory, UK).
ESO is the foremost intergovernmental astronomy organisation in Europe and the world’s most productive ground-based astronomical observatory by far. It is supported by 16 countries: Austria, Belgium, Brazil, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, along with the host state of Chile. ESO carries out an ambitious programme focused on the design, construction and operation of powerful ground-based observing facilities enabling astronomers to make important scientific discoveries. ESO also plays a leading role in promoting and organising cooperation in astronomical research. ESO operates three unique world-class observing sites in Chile: La Silla, Paranal and Chajnantor. At Paranal, ESO operates the Very Large Telescope, the world’s most advanced visible-light astronomical observatory and two survey telescopes. VISTA works in the infrared and is the world’s largest survey telescope and the VLT Survey Telescope is the largest telescope designed to exclusively survey the skies in visible light. ESO is a major partner in ALMA, the largest astronomical project in existence. And on Cerro Armazones, close to Paranal, ESO is building the 39-metre European Extremely Large Telescope, the E-ELT, which will become “the world’s biggest eye on the sky”.
- Research paper published in the Astrophysical Journal
- Freely accessible preprint of the research paper
- Photos of the VLT | {
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Inmar Givoni is an Autonomy Engineering Manager at Uber Advanced Technology Group, Toronto, where she leads a team whose mission is to bring from research and into production cutting-edge deep-learning models for self-driving vehicles. She received her PhD (Computer Science) in 2011 from the University of Toronto, specializing in machine learning, and was a visiting scholar at the University of Cambridge. She worked at Microsoft Research, Altera (now Intel), Kobo, and Kindred at roles ranging from research scientist to VP, Big Data, applying machine learning techniques to various problem domains and taking concepts from research to production systems.
She is an inventor of several patents and has authored numerous top-tier academic publications in the areas of machine learning, computer vision, and computational biology. She is a regular speaker at AI events, and is particularly interested in outreach activities for young women, encouraging them to choose technical career paths. For her volunteering efforts she has received the 2017 Arbor Award from UofT. In 2018 she was recognized as one of Canada’s 50 inspiring women in STEM. | {
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“Single Ladies” And “Basketball Wives” Score VH1 Big Ratings
The premiere of Queen Latifah’s new original series and Shaunie O’Neal’s reality TV show has propelled VH1 into its highest rated night since October of 2009.
Monday, the network premiered “Single Ladies” starring Lisa Raye Mccoy and Stacey Dash and brought back season three of “Basketball Wives.”
The third season premiere of “Basketball Wives” scored a 1.2 in the key P18-49 demo – up 36 percent from the series second season premiere – and attracted 1.8 million total viewers.
When combined with its 11p.m. encore episode, the series brought in 3.5 million total viewers to VH1 Monday night.
At 9:00p.m. the two-hour premiere of “Single Ladies” also drew an impressive 1.2 rating in the key P18-49 demo and 1.8 million total viewers.
When combined with its 12 a.m. encore, “Single Ladies” drew in 2.8 million total viewers.
The series, which are geared towards young women viewers, both scored 2.0 ratings with women 18-34. | {
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His Excellency, the Vice President India, Shri Venkaiah Naidu, has congratulated Ms. Nethra Mohandass, upon her appointment as “Goodwill Ambassador to the Poor” for UNADAP. Thank you, Mr. Vice President.
Dr. Dominic F Dixon, the Executive Director & philanthropist, had appointed Ms. Nethra Mohandass,a. 13-year-old as the "Goodwill Ambassador for the Poor" of UNADAP to the United Nations. DIXON SCHOLARSHIPS had also set up a scholarship fund for Nethra.
Humanity is alive!
S/d: Director for Protocol, @UNADAPorg
UNADAP's Goodwill Ambassador for the Poor, Ms. Nethra Mohandass attends her first United Nations conference as an official delegate, via UN online platform.
The conference on “Accelerating the realization of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls”, held on 21st July 2020.
UNADAP's Goodwill Ambassador for the Poor, Ms. Nethra Mohandass attends her first United Nations conference as an official delegate, via UN online platform. Applauds Prime Minister Modi for his empowerment of women in India.
Nethra is a 13-year-old, grade 9 student and the daughter of a barber, from a Madurai, Tamilnadu.
Nethra had inspired the Prime Minister of India, the Chief Minister and the Governor of Tamilnadu, for her sacrificial work for the poor.
Hello, my name is Nethra Mohandass, Goodwill Ambassador for the Poor, for UNADAP CSO.
This is my first participation at a United Nations conference being held at the UN Head Quarters in New York. Due to the COVID situation, I’m participating via the UN online platform, from Madurai, India.
I’m attending the MULTI-STAKEHOLDER HEARING on
“Accelerating the realization of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls.”
It is my view that young women and girls are given more opportunities to let their light shine in the midst of the darkness that is around us. The Prime Minister of India as led the way for other nations to do so by implementing programs and schemes for women, such as - Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme to push for women’s education. The saying goes, “You educate a woman, you educate a generation.”
As I quote from sources, it is public knowledge that our…
PM Modi has pushed a digital campaign in India, and the country held its first Global Entrepreneurship Summit in 2017 in Hyderabad. The theme of the summit which had over 1600 delegates was chosen to be ‘Women First, Prosperity For All’. Of the 1600 delegates, he was resolute to have 52% women. The event had women investors, entrepreneurs, and business professionals come together under one roof for two days and gave them the rare opportunity to network, find mentors and share challenges. This got Indian startups and women entrepreneurs global spotlight. Ivana Trump was the special guest.
In a bid to mark the 70th birth anniversary of late chief minister J Jayalalithaa, Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2018 launched the Tamil Nadu government’s Amma scooter scheme and a massive tree plantation programme. It claimed to give scooters at subsidised rates to over one lakh working women.
There are many more initiatives taken my Indian government, such as Maternity leave up to 26 weeks from the previous 12 weeks. Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2018 dedicated homes to women in Gujarat as a Raksha Bandhan gift. He said that the 1.15 lakh homes built in different places under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana were a Rakhi gift to the beneficiary women.
And finally, to empower women and deliver them from patriarchy, In 2018, Modi government removed the discriminatory practice wherein Muslim women were allowed to travel for Haj only when there was a male guardian accompanying them. Ministry of minority affairs issued corrective measures and amended this restriction by phasing out a tradition that had been in practice for the past 70 years.
I’m grateful for the opportunity to be a delegate at this UN conference and thank my mentor, Ms. Mercy for the guidance and the Executive Director of UNADAP, Dr. Dixon for believing in me. Thank you, stay safe!
STORY OF HOPE
Nethra, a 13-year-old in the city of Madurai of Tamilnadu, who convinced her father, a barber, to give Five Lakh rupees for the poor during the Coronovirus pandemic outbreak, that the family had been saving for her education and for Nethra to pursue her civil service when the time comes. This act of selflessness and kindness needs to be recognized and rewarded.
The Hon'ble Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi Ji, in his Mann Ki Baat speech to the nation, appreciated Nethra and her family.
Through UNADAP's accreditation (MORE), Nethra would be given the opportunity to speak, on behalf of UNADAP, at the UN CSO conferences in New York and in Geneva, addressing Civil Society forums and conferences. This would give her an opportunity and responsibility to speak to leaders, academics, politicians and civilians, encouraging them to reach out to the poorest of the poor. This is a non-governmental opportunity.
NETHRA is truly an Ambassador to the poor, teaching the world love through giving.
The DIXON SCHOLARSHIP has awarded Nethra a scholarship amount of ₹100,000. | {
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A unique York University anthropologist contends in a book that is new the center course is increasingly defined by issues over just how to pay money https://georgiapaydayloans.net for college expenses.
The expense of university and pupil debt have actually emerged as major governmental problems in the past few years as both more youthful voters and parents of students grapple with just how to pay money for advanced schooling. But while modern politicians have actually pressed at no cost university or big debt-cancellation plans, most families battle in personal to find out simple tips to fund a degree, writes Caitlin Zaloom, an associate at work professor of social and social analysis at nyc University.
On her behalf brand new guide, Indebted: just exactly just How Families Make College work on Any price (Princeton University Press), she carried out significantly more than 160 interviews with parents and pupils whom made a decision to obtain student education loans. Zaloom finds that middle income families’ everyday lives are increasingly shaped by the nagging dilemma of investing in university. And a conflict is faced by them between economic control and satisfying the potential of these kiddies.
Zaloom responded questions in a message trade in regards to the arguments available in Indebted.
Q: You compose in Indebted that spending money on university has arrived to redefine the regards to being class that is middle the U.S. What’s driven that modification? And just why did you desire to concentrate on the class that is middle specific in this book?
A: The middle class in the U.S. Has become defined by the capability to open possibilities for kids. Today, more than ever prior to before, that means dreaming about, planning around and, fundamentally, spending money on children to sign up in university. A qualification happens to be the absolute most essential method in which teenagers and their own families can access financial protection, household security and in addition liberty, the capability to live while they mean. Those freedoms lie in the middle associated with the American vow to your middle income. It that way, it is no wonder that parents and students alike dig deep and go into debt to pay whatever it takes when we look at.
Indebted is targeted on middle-class Americans because university topics them up to a set that is distinctive of. They usually have no option but to make use of investment and debt in the make an effort to attain their aspirations. Paying attention with their experiences reveals just just what university means today; it reveals just exactly just what it really is like to live within the economic economy.
Q: Many greater ed professionals have actually described the Free Application for Federal Student help being a barrier to low-income pupils. It is said by you really reinforces a middle-class ethos. Exactly just exactly How therefore?
A: Being middle income depends upon a sense of autonomy, even if those families want to count on financial support to attain their most closely held objectives, like delivering kiddies to university. The FAFSA was created to keep families’ privacy, a critical measurement associated with the middle-class impression of self-reliance. We could see this whenever we have a look at exactly exactly exactly how families are meant to fill out of the FAFSA. First, the applying for aid is made to be utilized in personal. It needs that parents and kiddies reveal their many delicate details, like their income, wide range and work history, to federal scrutiny. Nevertheless the FAFSA permits them for this through the protection of these homes that are own on the web — presumably from the household computer. We call this the touch that is“hidden of middle-class support — it really is created never to look like support after all. The status of middle-class citizens and their goals, like sending a child to college in fact, it confirms the government’s trust in those families and affirms.
The FAFSA additionally reinforces the family that is nuclear a model that has its origins in middle-class ideals. The FAFSA gathers information about two moms and dads in addition to young kiddies whom rely on them economically. In this way, it provides directions about who should always be counted as family members and whom does not belong. Families may buy grand-parents’ healthcare, or donate to a cousin’s training, or support a friend between jobs. Few families, today, really reside their life in a neat, nuclear pattern, and the ones families which do are much almost certainly going to be rich. Because the type of help they get and how much will depend on whatever they report within that restrictive model, the FAFSA punishes people who don’t fit neatly into its meaning, both low earnings and middle income.
Q: regardless of the step-by-step earnings information they share because of the authorities, you state middle-class moms and dads rarely have actually frank conversations in regards to the financial sacrifices to fund university. So what does that shortage of openness — and even shame attached with financial obligation — mean for how students comprehend the expenses of higher ed?
A: Many students would not have a strong grasp on exactly exactly exactly what their education will surely cost them, in a choice of economic terms or in exactly how it may limit their life and people inside their families. Student education loans are most likely their experience that is first with financial obligation as well as the needs of payment are far down; loans that students undertake because they matriculate will never be due for the next four. 5 years. For an 18-year-old, that is a quarter of the lifetime.
Moms and dads additionally conceal their very own situations that are financial kids. Although the FAFSA demands that students gather their moms and dads’ economic information to accomplish the program, numerous moms and dads actually complete the kinds for them, therefore pupils don’t realize what exactly is occurring in the home. Families additionally hardly ever have actually detailed talks on how the price of college may have an effect in the household funds — the drain on parents’ your retirement records, exactly exactly how debt that is much need, whatever they will need to do in order to spend their needed share or what it could mean for the length of time they could have to work. Moms and dads are quiet about all of these dilemmas since they want young adults become able to pursue their interests and develop their talents without bearing the responsibility of one’s own compromised records or errors.
Q: You argue that the middle income is really significantly more fluid than generally speaking comprehended. What’s perhaps maybe maybe not being conveyed in studies or news protection centered on household earnings? | {
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Youth Activism in Driving American Social Change
Please note, this event has expired.
Learn about the role that America’s youth played in various social movements
Join MCHS Board Secretary and retired Milwaukee County Court Commissioner Lindsey Draper for an engaging discussion about youth activism in America. Throughout the twentieth century and into the twenty-first, youth activism has been a part of and has driven many of the movements leading to socialView more
Join MCHS Board Secretary and retired Milwaukee County Court Commissioner Lindsey Draper for an engaging discussion about youth activism in America. Throughout the twentieth century and into the twenty-first, youth activism has been a part of and has driven many of the movements leading to social change in the United States. Whether it was forcing the hands of major newspaper barons in New York near the beginning of the twentieth century; acting as both the “foot-soldiers” and, at times, leaders of various aspects of the Civil Rights movement; or acting as lead voice in post-Columbine calls for protection of their lives, young citizens have been among the most vital practitioners of the First Amendment right to protest.
About Lindsey Draper:
Following a career as an Assistant District Attorney, Assistant State Public Defender, and Circuit Court Commissioner in Milwaukee County, Lindsey Draper served for eight years in the Wisconsin Office of Justice Assistance and Wisconsin Department of Justice as the state’s Compliance Monitor and Disproportionate Minority Contact Coordinator, ensuring compliance with the terms of the federal Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act. He serves in the community as Board Chairman at St. Charles Youth and Family Services; Vice Chair at the Alma Center; and Secretary at the Milwaukee County Historical Society. He is a Director-at-Large of the National Client Protection Organization and member of the National Task Force on Lawyer Well-Being.
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DesignMyRoom launched this afternoon – It’s a new product from an organization known as Swatchbox Technologies that permits people to decorate a real room nearly through a photograph of the room and DesignMyRoom’s library of stuff. Some had been trickier to make use of than others, however each gives a glimpse at the future of online furniture purchasing and interior design. Should you choose an app like Total 3D Landscape & Deck Premium, you need to use garden templates that make it simple to ascertain and create your landscapes.
It enables you to add cupboards, place furnishings and even paint walls. This hearth view of designer Skip Sroka’s Washington D.C. front room reveals extra of his secrets to creating a sublime area. I’d advocate taking this online course that will help you shortly get began with utilizing Sketchup in your Inside Design tasks.
When sophistication is the design purpose for a seaside home, it pays to pause before bathing the living room in blues. Cling window treatments exterior of window frames and proper at or a couple of inches under the ceiling to idiot the attention,†suggests inside designer Denise Gianna, proprietor of Denise Gianna Designs in Beacon, NY.
In a Canadian lakehouse , the guest bed room’s customized bed is by Sabrina Albanese Interiors, the bedside desk is by Made Items, the artwork is by David Edwards from Saatchi Artwork, and the sunshine fixture is by Found Classic. It allows you to create each 2D and 3D ground plans by placing doorways, windows, walls and extra.
Neglect scanning magazines for interior ~moods~, simply obtain the right app and scroll by means of until you discover out if you happen to’re going for extra of a country stylish look, an industrial farmhouse vibe or an electric, eclectic den of colour. Learn the way to color an entry way with style using our DIY paint challenge information.
To assist encourage you in bringing conventional design into your house, we surveyed Décor Help interior designers for his or her takes on defining American conventional type inside design, and for efficient strategies for getting the look right with confidence. A robust residence design app, Homestyler gives a myriad of features. You can also import scanned floor plans. Whether you’re a skilled with many tasks and shoppers, or if you just have an interest in inside design, RoomSketcher is the perfect app for you.
It might also embody measurements, furniture, appliances, or anything necessary to the aim of the plan. New York Metropolis designer Young Huh recommends adding in graphic curtains and a surprising piece of furniture, like this floating wood desk, to create an unusual, but beautiful modern lounge.
Even if you cannot knock down total partitions, ditching unnecessary doorways between rooms will open up the area very quickly. The floor plan could depict an entire constructing, one ground of a constructing, or a single room. No problem—just let your designer know, and so they’ll be sure your project is completed on time.
Create a section for the color scheme, wall remedies, fabric selections, furnishings choices, equipment and so on. Room design is different than adorning because it has to do with the entire area, together with the components of it that are everlasting like the partitions, windows, and floors.
With this instrument, you can open an image of a home, a sample flooring plan or a blueprint and trace the aspects you need to use in your individual design. An open flooring plan like in this Connecticut cottage creates one large space for entertaining. If they really wanted to guard the children, they’d be arresting the individuals who put these websites online.…
Seeing is believing, however what if you have to consider earlier than you see? After the walk-through and based in your expectations and finances, the designer will verify the estimated costs for finishing the project. You’ll usually select from a variety of studio tasks, working with up to date concepts and working towards designers, mentored by skilled practices as acceptable to the venture.
It isn’t only about practical tips — easy methods to show objects from travels, what to look for when making furnishings purchases and the kind of paints that work best in a selected room — but additionally tips on how to think like an interior designer,” Gibson writes within the e book’s introduction.
Utilizing the Cass workshop facilities and experience, you will work with completely different supplies (laborious and smooth) and mark-making approaches to experiment and collaborate with different students and experts throughout a variety of related disciplines (including furniture, upholstery, textiles and metals) utilising a breadth of fabric strategies with conventional and digital workshop processes.
This module introduces a spread of latest and traditional self-discipline-associated design approaches and processes, some of which can be tested in design exercises and a few of which can be realised in studios and initiatives carried across different modules.
The inclusion of a Stage 200 topic from Bachelor of Inside Design into the course structure gives students with the opportunity to discover conceptual and physical design solutions and apply design self-discipline data and abilities within an expert design observe.…
Meet the perfect inside designers and renovation professionals. We would like to have an interior designer on speed dial earlier than deciding exactly where and the way dangle to hang that candy new wall artwork we purchased on a whim, however till we win the lottery, we’ll need to settle for trusting our guts, and taking plenty of design tips the place we are able to get them.
The information under provides an overview of issues for potential students fascinated on this area to contemplate, including how one can turn into an interior designer, sorts of faculties and training packages, the skills they’re going to have to succeed and in-depth have a look at associated careers, job prospects and growth outlooks.
We carry to you inspiring visuals of cool properties, specific areas, architectural marvels and new design tendencies. Business of House is the daily media of record for the house industry, and the voice of authority for inside design professionals. 3D Floor Plans will be made complete with details like colors of walls, furnishings and equipment, in addition to furnishing model and finishes.
Steal a space-faking secret from this tiny Brooklyn house Select a number of full-size furnishings items as an alternative of cramming in a lot of smaller ones. Classic design is about an everlasting basis with room to develop,†says our latest Interior Designer Crush.
Nature, sleekness, historical items with a contemporary really feel – Be taught more about this dynamic design staff and how they create all these elements collectively to make lovely design. We plan and create the aesthetics and functionality that transforms homes into dream properties.…
Kelli is the founder and creative director of Boulevard House Interiors, based mostly in Orange County, California. We’ll be placing up the checklist we announce at the 2018 Black Interior Designers Community Conference. We provide award successful inside design and mannequin merchandising for single-household and hooked up housing, energetic grownup communities, neighborhood clubhouses and flats.
Create your room design and convert it into a 3D color display so that you get a good idea how the room will seem. Large and tiny firms typically rent inside designers as employees on common working hours. The result is this inside design software program directory itemizing out free and paid options.
Whether the applicant desires to work as an assistant designer or serve as a postsecondary school member, inside design schools have programs to fulfill these wants. A excessive-quality, comprehensive portfolio is essentially the most essential instrument for interior designers looking for purchasers.
Let’s look at some tips that will help you start organizing and designing your rooms into an area that, till now, you thought only an inside designer may create. No matter what it is that makes your dwelling a neat house, listed below are just a few examples of houses where individuals have been able to notice a few of their biggest residence design fantasies.
One other vital area might be accessibility design, a field emphasizing the significance of creating areas that may be easily navigated. Designers information shoppers on significant decisions surrounding shade, lighting, fabrics, and hardware. In line with the BLS, in 2014 the median annual wage for interior designers nationally was $forty eight,400.…
We make residential space planning, adorning and designing straightforward. Go for nature scenes for upholstery and cushions and juxtapose them with bold stripes while avoiding geometric shapes or designs, that are too sterile for luxe traditional model inside design. Interior design additionally includes the specification of furnishings, fixtures, and finishes, and coordinating their set up.
We have made it simple to design every room of your property. Light flooring, much like mild paint and furnishings, will make any room seem significantly extra spacious. Your designer incorporates suggestions into the ultimate room design and layout with a list of furnishings and accessories to buy in one simple checkout.
The border design on this lounge’s rug remembers the angles of the mirror’s Greek-key pattern. Too much contrast between your partitions and your furniture can register as muddle, making any room seem smaller. Back here in the UK, Homebase affords an identical online interior design planning device, in addition to the planner they also have a spread of calculators that can assist you determine how a lot paint you need, flooring, wallpaper, tiling etc.
This 3D software program is good for many who want more customization choices to the common room and decor area planning program. For a Silicon Valley family’s woodland retreat – sans the country implications of a cabin in the woods – architect Cynthia Wang and designer Jamie Bush conjured a totally new take on the country home that brings city cool to Sierra, Nevada.
The same texture and materials custom design tools used to update your private home can create a deck that is aesthetically pleasing and complements the home’s exterior. If you have a pal who has a mode very like your personal, ask her or him to help you as you work on your own room design.…
Within the Ville-Saint-Laurent neighbourhood of Montreal, Canada, revolutionary designers at L. McComber recently completed heavy renovations on a semi-indifferent Tudor house known as La Cardinale, bringing it again to life after years of loving put on and tear. Poland-primarily based, this journal offers to its readers fresh news and developments about structure, design, luxurious residences, inside design and gardens, way of life and traits in art. Discover why tens of millions of do-it-yourselfers use Residence Designer from Chief Architect software as the home design software product of option to create their dream houses.
It’s not only about practical tips — methods to show objects from travels, what to search for when making furniture purchases and the type of paints that work best in a selected room — but in addition easy methods to think like an inside designer,” Gibson writes within the e book’s introduction.
This journal has lined the perfect initiatives, professionals, from Taiwan’s inside design world and influential brands across the Globe. Infurnia is the most in-depth and have-rich online interior design software obtainable in the market right now.
Designers in Connecticut earned $67,390 on common, employees in New York made $sixty five,540 and employees in Rhode Island earned $62,520. We’ve all received some ideas of how our dream residence and its inside design may look. Coastal: Suppose straightforward, breezy seashore dwelling with colors that bring to mind the sand, water and sky.
Although there are plenty of inside design types developments that take cues from Scandinavian inside design styles, we’re all about going full throttle as that is one design motion that’s value being attentive to. With the rise of on-line instruments, interior design has now turn out to be obtainable to everyone.…
It’s time to finish the tyranny of open-concept interior design. If you happen to’re fairly certain which objects you want to use, you’ll be able to create your design board immediately (see Step 4). In the event you’re really stuck on some design choices though, it’s actually helpful to create a primitive mock up” of your room utilizing all your pictures.
While it may be apparent which rooms are intended to be bedrooms, dens and dwelling rooms from the house’s structure, you may have a a lot better concept of what you need when you already know what every particular person room can be used for, particularly if it’s outdoors of its apparent operate.
And simply because the grand eating room above illustrates, grasp traditional inside design in your home by keeping symmetry a serious note to tie everything together and go for clean, straight strains and practical furnishings which might be additionally timeless and undoubtedly stunning.
3D Ground Plans will be made full with particulars like colours of partitions, furnishings and accessories, in addition to furnishing type and finishes. Just about all the house design programs we reviewed have sample plans that you need to use as a leaping off level to your own design.
Our Elite interior designers have a minimum of 5 years of experience and have had their work revealed in main inside design media. The 2D Floor Plan can be utilized to mark every part from room names, measurements, lighting and electrical points, and essential notes you need in the course of the set up process.…
DesignMyRoom launched this afternoon – It is a new product from an organization referred to as Swatchbox Technologies that allows people to decorate an actual room virtually through a photograph of the room and DesignMyRoom’s library of stuff. Create a room within the extremely-trendy model of your choice. Spanish supermodel Eugenia Silva’s breezy Portuguese seashore home options clean white walls with bold accents of color. To search out paint colours on your design board, you may have a few choices.
This may a minimum of allow you to slim down which colors you need to take into account, and then you could find paint swatches in the course of the design execution part of your makeover. I did not want a beachy house so we went with dark floors and basic particulars,†says the owner, architectural designer Louise Brooks.
Inside design is the follow of area planning and designing inside spaces in homes and buildings. To help visualize that sofa in your front room, furniture sellers and inside design firms have been rolling out new apps and online programs that let you try furniture at home using virtual and augmented actuality.
Or on a better be aware, would possibly cause you to change and improve your present residing house with one among these house concepts. Not separating cooking, living, and eating is an acoustical nightmare, especially in at this time’s type of interior design. You just is likely to be surprised to know that traditional inside design brings with it a lot more freedom to be experimental and even playful, particularly relating to colours.
Cell apps like Design Dwelling and Residence Design Makeover mean you can enhance predesigned properties with furniture, plants, lights, rugs and different items. See how our pieces will look in your house with the simple-to-use room designer software. Design your rooms and create your ideal flooring plan format.…
We serve shoppers worldwide with services ranging from interior design, inside structure to furniture design. California was the largest employer of interior designers and workers in the state made $58,860 a 12 months on common. Our workforce of professional reviewers spent greater than one hundred twenty hours researching, testing, rating and rating the most effective interior design software on the market.
Designers say that generally an merchandise you already have and love can turn out to be their inspiration for the rest of the room. Bringing a touch of the Outdated World into the mix creates a house that may never really feel dated,” designer Alex Papachristidis explains of the art-studded Manhattan residence he designed for a family buddy.
They will additionally work with your present furniture to create a cohesive design and layout. French Provincial uses bold colours, toile material, elegant and ornate design juxtaposed with rustic features similar to exposed wood ceilings and beams.
Inside designers employed by furniture shops made $46,290 on average, employees employed by constructing material dealers and suppliers made $forty six,710 and staff at home furnishing stores made $42,060 on average. In 2016, sixty six,500 individuals have been employed in the U.S. as interior designers.
Assist your clients visualize your designs with realistic 3D renderings and digital excursions of your next home design venture and sell extra design jobs. You possibly can export the design of your house to 3DS, FBX, OBJ, Collada, VRML, and X3D formats. Deco House is a Germany magazine that shows the newest residential materials, unique furnishings and the worldwide dwelling traits and design concepts for the lounge, the bathroom, the kitchen, the bedroom and the garden.… | {
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Complete your little one’s room with our beautiful selection of children’s bedroom furniture here at Noa & Nani. Their room is their own little world, so we’ve designed a range of innovative and functional furniture that looks great and maximises storage space. Short on space? Our collection features children’s bedroom furniture for small rooms, boasting smart design features that offer maximum functionality while taking up minimal floor space. Choose from a wide range of children’s bedroom furniture including bookcases, desks and toy boxes, all designed and built to stand the test of time. Don't forget to take a look at our range of beds for kids, including; cabin beds, mid sleepers, single beds and bunk beds. Buy children's bedroom furniture today and pay later with Klarna.
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Our children's bedroom furniture is suitable for all ages, whether you are buying a themed toy storage unit for a young child or a minimalist pull-out desk for a teenager. | {
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Holly Willoughby was overcome with emotion as a mother described her fears over her young son's suicidal thoughts on Monday's edition of This Morning. Taking some time to reflect on the story the following day, the 35-year-old presenter and her co-host Phillip Schofield took to social media to thank viewers for their continuous kindness and support.
In a Best Bit for Tuesday video, the popular TV duo told their fans how "incredible" they are. "It's true, you've absolutely surpassed yourself by getting involved with the show and offering help to people," noted Holly.
Recalling the previous day's phone-in with a concerned mother, introduced as Rebecca, show host Phillip revealed that they had since been inundated with messages from viewers who had tuned in.
CLICK TO VIEW GALLERY
"Yesterday we had Rebecca who phoned in about her son," he explained. "Her child was being bullied to such an incredible degree that she had to take the chord from his dressing gown. He was essentially a hermit inside the house as he was frightened to go school because he was afraid he was going to get beaten up.
"You just flooded us with messages. We found out some of the things that he likes and was interested in and we just sorted out so much stuff for him."
Holly was overcome with emotion as a mother described her fears over her young son's suicidal thoughts
Rebecca had explained how her teenage son had not left the house for weeks because the bullying at school had become so severe – the secondary school did nothing to help, she claimed. The mother also revealed her child had been suffering with panic attacks and he had admitted he had suicidal thoughts.
"I just don't know what to do," she confessed. "I've moved all my tablets, I've taken the dressing gown cord away, I just don't know what to do." Later adding: "It breaks my heart, the things they're saying to him." | {
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When he was young, Cadeem Gibbs was really into school. Bright, curious, and naturally rebellious, he enjoyed arguing the opposing point of view in a classroom discussion just to see how well he could do it. “I was always academically inclined,” says the Harlem native, now 24. “I always wanted to learn.”
But there were plenty of stressors in his young life—a violent upbringing, a household in poverty—and the struggle to navigate them pulled him away from his education. He started getting into trouble and ended up in the juvenile justice system at the age of 12. That first contact with “the system” began a 10-year cycle of incarceration that ended only when Gibbs was released from an upstate New York prison two years ago, at the age of 22. He was just a sixth grader when first arrested, but he would never complete a school year as a free child again.
Americans believe that education is the great equalizer, the key that opens the door to a better future and lifts young people out of poverty. And this is true, to an extent—those who finish high school or college have lower unemployment rates and higher incomes than those who don’t. But while people who don’t complete their education are more likely to stay in poverty, they’re also more likely to come from poverty. In the 21st century, so-called reformers have emerged to prescribe everything from charter schools to iPads in order to boost poor students’ educational achievements.
Ignored is a trifecta of policies that prevent young people in poverty from finishing their education: high-stakes testing and the high-stakes discipline that comes with it; weak to nonexistent federal policy concerning education for those young people already involved with the juvenile justice system; and a lifetime of background checks that keep the formerly incarcerated from gaining degrees and finding jobs.
These intersecting policies, which push kids out of school and into a punitive legal system, are collectively known as the “school-to-prison pipeline.” But the individuals who emerge at the end of that pipeline, though criminalized, are still young people—a population that has a reasonable expectation to receive an education. So what happens to a young person’s schooling when he or she is taken out of the classroom and put behind bars?
For poor students of color, like Gibbs, the problems can begin early. These children were the target of George W. Bush’s No Child Left Behind law, which was passed in 2002. The law mandated 100 percent student proficiency in math and reading by 2014. Schools that failed to make adequate yearly progress faced a set of sanctions ranging from staff firings and restructuring the school, to turning it into a charter school or handing it over to private management. Terrified of missing the NCLB guidelines, schools got rid of students who might hold back their numbers. Suspensions, expulsions, and school-based arrests skyrocketed in the wake of the new law, pushing hundreds of thousands of students out of school and, frequently, into the justice system. Such policies disproportionately affect students of color and students with disabilities—compared with their white peers, black youths are three and a half times more likely to be expelled and, if arrested, nine times more likely to receive an adult prison sentence. Even though overall youth crime has decreased since 1999, youth punishment has not: From 1999 to 2008, the number of total youth arrests fell more than 15 percent, while the number of juvenile-court cases remained virtually the same, falling only 4 percent. This means that while fewer young people are getting arrested, they continue to be processed through the system at the same high rates.
When Gibbs was arrested for firearm possession at school, he spent time in both secure and nonsecure facilities while attending his court dates. He then landed in an “alternatives to incarceration” program at Children’s Village, spending a year there. A residential campus in Dobbs Ferry, New York, 35 minutes outside of New York City, Children’s Village serves young people from both the juvenile-justice and child-welfare systems. Although the staff acted kindly toward him, Gibbs says he felt discouraged and resentful. He was placed in a special-education class, which made him feel like there was something wrong with him. He had weekly counseling sessions, which he hated; he says he would go into each session and sit in complete silence while the social worker asked him questions about his life, refusing to say a single word for the entire hour. It’s only now, in retrospect, that he realizes that his silence came from a lack of trust. “I didn’t know I didn’t trust her,” Gibbs says. “I just thought I didn’t want to be bothered. I was angry. I didn’t want to be there.”
When he was released from that placement and tried to reenter the regular school system, Gibbs hit a number of barriers. Because it was near the end of the school year, he had to finish middle school at Children’s Village, taking a 45-minute bus ride from his home in Harlem to Dobbs Ferry every day. Even so, he was behind in credits from all the classes he’d missed while in custody, and it was time for him to start high school. “It took me a while to find a school,” he says. “No school would accept me.” He ended up at an alternative high school serving young people who had been suspended, expelled, or otherwise pushed out of their community schools.
This type of barrier to reentry is a common one for young people hoping to return to their schools after a juvenile placement. The high-stakes testing standards under No Child Left Behind prompt schools to exclude students coming from the juvenile-justice system. Because those students are likely to have fallen behind academically, their potential for scoring poorly on tests becomes a liability, creating a perverse incentive structure in which it’s better to exclude high-needs students than it is to educate them. School districts can refuse to accept the partial credits earned during the time a child spent in custody—and they can also refuse to re-enroll that student entirely.
Even for those who do get a meaningful education inside the system, the trauma of being detained can have a long-lasting effect on young people, who are still developing in crucial ways. “It’s life-changing—any contact is impactful,” says Elijah Tax-Berman, a high-school social worker at a New York City network of schools that serve young people involved with the juvenile- or criminal-justice system, as well those who are homeless or in foster care. Some of the schools in which Tax-Berman works have installed metal detectors, and he says that some students have stopped attending school because of the indignities associated with the search process. “It may seem like a little thing: ‘Take the wrappers out of your pockets, turn in your cellphone, take off your belt.’ But they’ve had such a negative experience, they’re so uncomfortable with it, that they stop coming to school.” For those students, the metal detectors at the front door act as a literal barrier to entry.
* * *
“A lot of kids go into juvenile-justice facilities, and that’s the end of their education,” notes Jessica Feierman, supervising attorney at the Juvenile Law Center in Philadelphia. Underlying this problem is a patchwork of dysfunctional local policies. “There is a huge degree of variability as to what happens to a young person, depending on what state they’re in or even what part of the state they’re in.” In some states, the youth agency that administers juvenile justice—in other words, the system itself—is also responsible for education. In other states, the responsibility is not in the hands of the state agency, but the local or county school district. “We found that both of those systems have some structural challenges,” says David Domenici, founding principal of the Maya Angelou Academy, the school inside Washington, DC’s, long-term juvenile facility. When school districts are in charge, juvenile inmates may not be a top priority for superintendents, who are busy overseeing all the schools in their district and ensuring that each is making yearly progress in the high-stakes education climate of No Child Left Behind. And when juvenile-justice agencies are in charge, Domenici adds, many of the facilities were set up decades ago as part of a “lock ‘em up” correctional approach in which school was also not a top priority. Then, “as an afterthought, people started to think, ‘Oh my gosh, we’re responsible for educating these people.’”
Being held in the custody of the juvenile-justice system can take a number of forms, from nonsecure residential placements (some of which are meant to resemble a homelike setting) to secure correctional facilities, or “lockup” for children. Only half of the young people in residential placements around the country reported having “good” education programs at their facilities, and less than half (45 percent) spent a full school day (at least six hours) receiving instruction. Those numbers come from the Department of Justice; its Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention surveys young people in residential placements across the country to assess their needs and the services they receive. The same survey found that a third of the young people in custody had a diagnosed learning disability. That’s seven times the rate of the general public-school population—and less than half were receiving the special-education services they have a legal right to. A stunning 70 percent of the young people had, like Gibbs, experienced some kind of trauma at some point in their lives.
And while a school schedule may operate on semesters or trimesters, juvenile placements do not—adding yet another logistical challenge not only for system-involved students, but for educators. “Kids come in and out a lot,” Domenici explains. Again like Gibbs, children are often transferred between several facilities before landing in a long-term placement, by which point they’ve missed weeks or even months of school. “And everyone just says, ‘Well, everyone in the whole District of Columbia is supposed to be on page 89 of their algebra book and chapter 16 of their humanities book,’” Domenici notes. That’s an unrealistic approach for any student, but especially those who have already had negative experiences in school. “I’m a very big fan of increased expectations for kids—but for kids who have been totally disengaged, we need to find a way to get them reengaged.”
To that end, Domenici has purposefully designed his school’s curriculum around themes that relate to their experience—relationships, change, choice, power, and justice. The academic year is broken up into eight units, and each unit has 22 days of instruction. Students earn credits for each completed unit, which means that even if they’re released in the middle of the school year, they leave with the credits they’ve accumulated during their time there.
It’s a simple solution to what Domenici describes as a set of deeply structural and philosophical problems regarding how to educate young people in the juvenile justice system. Beyond immediate trauma, system-involved young people often have other factors in their lives that prevent education from being the door-opener it’s understood to be. Obtaining a degree is hardly a guarantee of financial security for any young person, much less one who is living in poverty. “Our young people struggle with its relevancy,” says Tax-Berman. ”I struggle with them struggling with its relevancy. I can’t stand here and say, ‘You need to do well in school and everything will be OK,’ because it’s not [true]. You need to feed your family.”
According to Gibbs, that’s exactly why he kept winding up back in the system: The external circumstances of his life hadn’t changed. Not long after entering his alternative high school, he got into trouble again and was sent back to Children’s Village. When he got out the second time, it took him several months to find another school. He started at a regular city high school after the academic year had already begun, was expelled before the semester was over, and was arrested shortly after being expelled. By that time, he was 16 and an adult in the eyes of New York—the only state besides North Carolina that still prosecutes all 16-year-olds as adults. That meant he was headed to Rikers Island.
“It was terrifying because I was young, and I was around people much older than I was,” says Gibbs, who explains that even though youths under 18 are housed separately, they are frequently exposed to the adult population in common areas. “It’s like maybe [adult prisoners] might prey on me—and not even only that, but the corrections officers too.” Gibbs did feel targeted by the guards and other prisoners, but he did his best to cope and, upon his release, earned a GED on his own. At 17, Gibbs was arrested again on a drug charge and sent back to Rikers. He says he expressed interest in attending school while he was there, but was prohibited from doing so because he already had his GED.
In December 2014, the Justice Department and the Department of Education issued federal guidelines regarding correctional education in juvenile-justice facilities, outlining some of the key issues that the country’s 60,000 children in custody face in continuing their schooling. The extensive package addresses the educational and civil rights of students during their incarceration and through their transition back into the community. It’s “a critical step in helping increase access to education for young people involved in the juvenile-justice system,” says Jenny Collier, a project consultant for the Robert F. Kennedy Juvenile Justice Collaborative. A number of the guidelines reflect the struggles of young people like Gibbs; they include raising academic standards for those in custody and implementing more rigorous reentry programs to support those students as they return to their community schools.
But there’s an even bigger issue to address than those massive systemic obstacles, says Domenici: “There’s a big philosophical problem here. There clearly are a lot of people in youth facilities who want these kids to be successful and who believe in them. But there are plenty of people who believe that these are kids who have stolen cars, beat people up, chronically steal, whatever—and [that they] just don’t deserve to be in a great school.” This all-too-common way of looking at the issue prevents stakeholders from approaching the education of young people in juvenile facilities with the financial, organizational, and personal investment necessary to make it a meaningful experience.
* * *
Even if a system-involved young person manages to navigate these institutional barriers and external factors and succeeds in getting a degree, he or she will still face tremendous obstacles. Dina Sarver, a married mother of two in Florida, was arrested on three counts of grand theft auto when she was 15 and sent to a residential facility. The placement was a truly rehabilitative setting focused on pregnant teenagers, and Sarver says that it gave her the resources and support to get her life on track. After being discharged, she earned a high-school diploma and was accepted into an associate-degree program for registered nursing, where she hoped to become a nurse practitioner. At her second orientation, she asked the department manager about background checks and was told that a juvenile felony record was an automatic disqualification from the program. Sarver went on to complete a bachelor’s degree in healthcare management, but her final class required an internship, and that called for a background check. Only with the help of two public defenders who advocated on her behalf was she able to graduate.
Sarver is now 23. In Florida, most juvenile records are expunged when the offender turns 24 or 26, depending on conviction history and the offense. Until then, her record is available to any potential employer. Even after that, employers in certain fields, like those involving children, the disabled, and the elderly, still have a right to her expunged record. This is devastating for Sarver, who still wants to work in healthcare. “All these doors are closing in your face, and you don’t know what to do,” she says. “And sometimes it’s discouraging, because here you are, trying to do everything you can to become a productive member of society. I’m trying to get my education, become a better person, become a better mom, and I can’t do that because I’m so confined.” She can’t even go on her son’s field trips, because the school district runs a check on chaperones.
Cadeem Gibbs’s carceral experience culminated in a sentence served in an upstate New York prison, where he finally had access to books, magazines, and high-quality college courses. It was the most engaging educational experience he’d had since entering the system. He completed a human-services certificate program, maintained a high grade-point average, and accumulated a number of credits. When he was released last year, he enrolled at a community college—only to find out, once again, that many of the credits he’d earned didn’t transfer. “And I guess I’m at the point now where I don’t want to pursue a formal education. I’ve been kind of turned off by it,” he says. Instead, he’s been focusing on youth advocacy, such as the Raise the Age campaign fighting to change the state law that treats 16- and 17-year-olds like adults. He also works as a consultant for the Washington, DC–based Children’s Defense Fund. He remains passionate about education, but fears that spending more time and money on school won’t get him closer to his dreams, especially given his record.
“Things as menial as stockroom positions present challenges to you if you have a conviction,” he says. “So they kind of paint you into a corner—they tell you they want you to be militant and do all this time, and you come out and there’s limitations on the things that you can do.” Gibbs’s record can affect his ability to obtain public housing—even private housing if the landlord runs a background check. “The irony is, I still have to provide for myself,” he says. “So if I can’t have access to all these things, what am I supposed to do?”
Although he’s been doing well since his release, Gibbs worries about other people in the same position. “The uniqueness about me is that I kind of defied the odds and all that. Which is cool—it’s a great story,” he says. “But that shouldn’t have to be the case, because not everyone is going to think like me and navigate these obstacles.” Stories about those who have defied the odds, he thinks, leave out the vast majority of people who continue to be marginalized. “You’re talking about the lion’s share of the population that experiences this,” he adds. “This is what the day-to-day adversity is.”
The equalizing potential of education relies on the premise that it can open doors for every child who has access to it. But where does that leave the children whose lives consist not of open doors, but of locked ones? | {
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Just a few days to go, and we’ll be watching fireworks and downing the last cool drinks of the year.
That means it’s time for the racing industry’s most sought after list. The annual Hold All Tickets awards for 2012.
The biggest names in the game will be waking up even earlier, to see if they made a mention. Some will wear it like a badge of honour at the track today. Others will be on the phone to their lawyer.
As usual, send all angry responses to the complaints department. With the 1-hundred dollar fee. Cash or cheque taken.
So here we go. Good luck one and all.
*Greatest Racing Moment.
A host of contenders. But nothing beats Black Caviar at Royal Ascot, notching up win number 22. Just.
What golden theatre. Luke Nolen’s ride, and later, his honesty. Peter Moody’s love of the horse. The fact that she beat the best the Poms could throw up, firing at about 80%.
We were texting and tweeting in the middle of the night. Everyone had an opinion. Sporting gold, and we all felt a part of it.
*The ‘Stick With Me And You’ll Wear Diamonds’ Award.
Green Moon. Good judges knew he would win something big. Bad judges too. Like me. But we all dropped off, just in time for him to stride away with the Melbourne Cup. What were we thinking?
*Trainer Of The Year.
You’ll accuse me of favouring old Queensland boys, but it has to be Peter Moody. His handling of the Mighty Mare has been perfect again. Black Caviar aside, he’s been training winners all over the place. Back a Moody horse, and you know everything has been done to get the nag across the line.
Honourable mentions to Chris Waller, who will keep breaking records in Sydney, and Rob Heathcote. The Group Races will keep coming for Brisbane’s top conditioner. Hopefully a Stradbroke, with a lightly raced maiden coming back from a spell in the coming weeks. No pressure Rob.
And if you’re not backing Desleigh Forster horses, you should be. She’s winning everything. I’d love to be in with her for a Gold Lotto ticket tonight.
*Jockey Of The Year.
Tough. Glen Boss gets the nod, through weight of winners at the top-level. Few enjoy that winning moment better than Bossy. Just ahead of Hugh Bowman. No-one seems to be riding with more confidence at the minute. Nash and Damian have had their problems.
A few to follow for the New Year. Josh Parr will ride a heap of winners in Sydney, now that he’s linked with Moody. A perfect fit. Same for Ryan Wiggins in Brisbane. A highly talented horseman with a fierce competitive streak. It’s no fluke Heathcote is putting him on more and more top chances. And don’t be afraid of whacking your cash on young Tegan Harrison. An apprentice with a superb attitude, on the way up.
*Greatest Annoyance in Racing.
For me, the number of times totes and betting agencies fall down. On-line computer crashes, and phone systems that can’t take a bet. Especially on big days. Tote machines that freeze, the second a bloke is trying to get a bet on. Yes, it happened to me last week.
Is it too much to ask to have reliability, all year round? One crash is one too many. Use some of the millions we punters fork over to you, and get the system fixed.
*Tipster To Follow in 2013
With social media now abuzz with racing, there have never been more tips on offer. Most of them will empty your wallet. One bloke who gets it right more often that not is Nathan Exelby. The Courier Mail’s new head racing journo does all his own form, and is rarely far from the money. Bet on his Brisbane tips with confidence.
*The 2012 Twitter Media Guru
So many to choose from. Richie #richieplz Callander always provides a laugh. Young Andrew Hawkins has an opinion on everything, and does the research to back those opinions up. The Queensland trio of Ben Dorries, Gerard Daffy and Peter Psaltis are great fun. But we’ll declare joint winners. Andrew Bensley and Ron Dufficy make us feel like old mates. Highly entertaining, and true experts in their field.
*The ‘All Our Support’ award.
Chris Munce. One tough little bugger. His battle with throat cancer begins within weeks. He has all of those in racing in his corner. So, too, does Kristy Banks. Such courage, after a terrible fall. An inspiration to us all.
And finally, ‘The Horse To Surprise You All in 2013’.
Pintuck. But don’t tell anyone. Not until we get a price for him, anyway.
So there you have it. A few hundred pointless words to fill my final racing blog of the year.
I hope you’ve enjoyed these scribblings. Thanks for the feedback, good and bad. It’s nice to know the handful of you out there are still on board.
To you and your family, have a wonderful New Year. Here’s to a year of backing more winners than our pockets can hold. | {
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Last week I spent a convivial evening at my parents home. Situated in a West Yorkshire village which was once a thriving coal mining community, it’s a setting you can always rely of a homely welcome.
There’s invariably a warm glow in my mater and paters domain, the unfortunate consequence of having a mother who’s an addicted arsonist.
In the evening, we dined on curry and merlot infused memories of yore. It was an impressive meal prepared by my dad, particularly when you take into account challenging circumstances in the kitchen at the time.
Not only did he have to multitask with a couple of pans along with naan bread and onion bhaji’s in the oven, he had to manfully put out the fire in a kitchen cupboard. A blaze started by my mum after succumbing to her destructive addiction.
Following a ticking off from both my dad and I, my mum apologised, assuring us it would never happen again. However, whether she’s genuine about curtailing the dangerous habit remains. A scepticism borne from her later placing an online napalm order from Frank’s Fire Ignition & Cornish Pasty Emporium.
After dinner, while mum carried out her eccentric purchase over the internet, my father (Mally) and I had a trip down memory lane. A journey of nostalgia that, apart from nearly running over Mrs Shoehorn at number 124, was a pleasant sojourn, enhanced by Mally uncharacteristically bearing his soul.
It’s a side of my undemonstrative father I’d rarely seen prior to that evening, when the air was thick with the smell of chicken tikka masala and charred cupboard. His residence on the outskirts of Wakefield witnessing the old man opening up as never before.
Although a bright and capable man, the octogenarian ordinarily shuns the spotlight. Instead, leaving the centre stage for other people to air their (in some cases) less valid take on things. He’s happier on the periphery, his comfort zone and place where he’s more in control.
Even after his recent diagnosis of a terminal illness, he ordinarily still demands a minimum of fuss. His silence generally only broken with the occasional utterance of “I’m fine” when questioned about his current comfort levels. A reply that usually contradicts the answer displayed by the fleeting looks of pain in his face.
To clarify, the warm and caring octogenarian does verbally communicate other than to a query about his pain threshold. Although his words are of a premium, meaning he won’t talk just for the sake of it.
What he does express is generally worthy of a listen. Unlike some of his generation, he talks with you not at you.
He understands the folly of the less intelligent, who demand respect for no other reason of being older than the recipient of their ‘words of wisdom’. Mally is aware his words and actions are what gain him respect, not a misguided belief your thoughts are somehow more valid because you’re date of birth proceeds the person you are engaging with.
I know many erudite young adults with more humanity, decency, and personality in their little finger than some of the older generation. However, this subset of elderly people misguidedly feel a need to indoctrinate them with their unintelligent, spiteful and misogynistic bollocks.
So, over a glass or two of vino, I spent an informative few hours nattering about the old man’s childhood and early work experiences. Details my previous lack of inquisitiveness had left unearthed for half a century..
These new revelations made me feel like an archaeologist excavating a 2000 year old Roman parchment with the secret recipe for a Big Mac sauce.
Mally spoke of learning the saxophone as a teenager, training as an optical lens engineer for an optician in Farnley, seeing the legendary footballer John Charles’ first ever game for Leeds United in the 1950’s and his cricketing hero being ex-Yorkshire and England spin bowler Johnny Wardle….. All fascinating tales from a guy who is a real gentleman, who I’ve never heard ‘bad mouth’ anyone.
I asked him if over the four score years on this mortal coil he had any regrets. He pondered for a while, appearing momentarily to struggle for a suitable answer, before responding;-
“Yes, teaching your mum how to light bloody fires!” | {
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- Open Access
Adverse outcome pathways as a tool for the design of testing strategies to support the safety assessment of emerging advanced materials at the nanoscale
Particle and Fibre Toxicology volume 17, Article number: 16 (2020)
Toxicity testing and regulation of advanced materials at the nanoscale, i.e. nanosafety, is challenged by the growing number of nanomaterials and their property variants requiring assessment for potential human health impacts. The existing animal-reliant toxicity testing tools are onerous in terms of time and resources and are less and less in line with the international effort to reduce animal experiments. Thus, there is a need for faster, cheaper, sensitive and effective animal alternatives that are supported by mechanistic evidence. More importantly, there is an urgency for developing alternative testing strategies that help justify the strategic prioritization of testing or targeting the most apparent adverse outcomes, selection of specific endpoints and assays and identifying nanomaterials of high concern. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework is a systematic process that uses the available mechanistic information concerning a toxicological response and describes causal or mechanistic linkages between a molecular initiating event, a series of intermediate key events and the adverse outcome. The AOP framework provides pragmatic insights to promote the development of alternative testing strategies. This review will detail a brief overview of the AOP framework and its application to nanotoxicology, tools for developing AOPs and the role of toxicogenomics, and summarize various AOPs of relevance to inhalation toxicity of nanomaterials that are currently under various stages of development. The review also presents a network of AOPs derived from connecting all AOPs, which shows that several adverse outcomes induced by nanomaterials originate from a molecular initiating event that describes the interaction of nanomaterials with lung cells and involve similar intermediate key events. Finally, using the example of an established AOP for lung fibrosis, the review will discuss various in vitro tests available for assessing lung fibrosis and how the information can be used to support a tiered testing strategy for lung fibrosis. The AOPs and AOP network enable deeper understanding of mechanisms involved in inhalation toxicity of nanomaterials and provide a strategy for the development of alternative test methods for hazard and risk assessment of nanomaterials.
Nanosafety assessment has so far relied on traditional animal-based testing. However, from the experiences of testing chemical-induced toxicity using animals, it has been realized that these conventional tests have limited predictive capacity for human health effects, are cumbersome, time & resource intensive, ethically questionable, and in most cases cost-prohibitive. More importantly, in the context of nanosafety assessment, they are not applicable as it is not feasible to generate health hazard information for hundreds of nanomaterials and their property derivatives that have found commercial application, lack toxicological knowledge and are awaiting human health risk assessment (HHRA), in a timely manner. As a consequence, cost-effective alternatives to animal testing in general such as, in vitro cell culture assays and in silico computational modeling have been earnestly desired. In fact, in vitro cell culture assays have been used as animal surrogates to test substance-induced toxicity for decades; however, the results have been mainly used to gain mechanistic knowledge of substance-induced toxicity. Owing to lack of understanding of what a majority of these in vitro alternatives measure and how the actual measurements are related to eventual adverse outcomes observed in an organism or humans, only a few of them have found regulatory acceptance for decision making. While great efforts are placed on designing and developing in vitro alternatives, the issues surrounding the sensitivity and accuracy of toxicological responses observed at the cellular level in predicting the organ or organism level effects, pose significant impediment in their uptake by the regulatory community.
A call for reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal experiments and the urgent need for animal surrogates in chemical toxicity testing was emphasized in the National Research Council’s publication on ‘Toxicity Testing for the 21st Century’ . The report highlighted the need for designing mechanisms-anchored in vitro assays that target the physiological pathways and key biological events perturbed following substance exposure at concentrations that trigger negative human health impact. More recently, the concept that cellular response pathways, when sufficiently perturbed by stressors result in toxicity pathways and eventually lead to adverse health outcomes, was expanded and a new concept of ‘Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP)’ was developed, which was first applied in the ecotoxicological settings .
This review will briefly describe what AOPs are and their potential applications to the process of HHRA of nanomaterials. The review is structured in three parts: 1) a brief overview of the AOP concept, 2) introduction to putative AOPs that are currently explored for potential applications in nanotoxicology and 3) AOPs for design and development of alternative testing strategies in support of HHRA of nanomaterials. In the second part, the focus is placed on those AOPs, for which a roadmap exists and/or an AOP development proposal has been submitted to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Extended Advisory Group on Molecular Screening and Toxicogenomics (EAGMST) AOP committee. Since inhalation is an important route for nanomaterial exposure and the lung is a major target organ for their toxicity, the review will describe AOPs of relevance to inhalation toxicity. Specifically, the AOPs described are for lung fibrosis, lung emphysema, acute lung toxicity, lung cancer and atherosclerotic plaque formation, adverse outcomes of specific relevance to nanomaterials. Each linear AOP is illustrated schematically and individual components of the AOP - the Molecular Initiating Event (MIE), Key Events (KEs) and the Adverse Outcome (AO) are explained. In addition, each AOP is examined for its interconnectivity with other linear AOPs and how interconnected linear AOPs will form networks representing the complexity of the biology perturbed is described. In the third part, the review will discuss how mechanistic information presented in the AOPs can be used to inform the design and development of targeted in vitro assays and for generating quality data necessary for HHRA of nanomaterials.
A brief overview of the AOP concept
Constructing an AOP is a systematic process of collecting, organizing and describing the mechanistic information concerning a toxicological response that is initiated with the occurrence of a biological event at the molecular level (MIE) after exposure to stressors, and ensuing series of intermediate KEs that culminate in the manifestation of an AO . The MIE and the AO are considered as specialized KEs. KEs describe the essential biological events at the subcellular, cellular, tissue and organ level that occur sequentially between a MIE and the AO, thus anchoring an initiating event with the eventual adverse effect. In other words, an AOP is a simplified depiction of complex toxicological processes in a linear and modular format starting with a MIE and ending with an AO. The KEs connecting the MIE and AO are selected based on their biological plausibility and measurability. The adjacent KEs are causal and describe toxicity responses at different levels of biological organization including cellular, organ, organism and population level [4, 5]. AOPs can be putative, qualitative, semi-quantitative or quantitative. Similar to the mode-of-action framework, AOPs describe the molecular mechanisms that lead to adverse outcomes; however, AOPs are substance-agnostic and thus, the description of stressors or the stressor exposure initiating the toxicity cascade is not included in the AOP [6, 7]. There are many different approaches to developing AOPs; top-down, middle-out, bottom-up, case study-based, analogy-based (extrapolation between organisms), and data-mining [8, 9]. A detailed AOP development guidance is established by the OECD and a large database of AOPs describing various adverse outcomes of relevance to human and environmental health is available (https://aopkb.oecd.org/). Current efforts within nanotoxicology have particularly focused on case study-based and data mining approaches, which aim at developing new AOPs or refining existing AOPs based on one or several model stressors, which are then generalized to other stressors. The data mining approach is used when there is sufficient high-throughput and/or high-content information, such as omics data, available to identify KEs or support the development of AOPs [8, 11,12,13].
One of the major limitations of the linear AOPs is that they are overly simplified, reflect one single mechanism or one series of events leading to an adverse outcome and thus, may not accurately and entirely capture various events and toxicity pathways involved in the complex disease processes. It is now accepted that individual AOPs can be interconnected. Different linear AOPs that are initiated by a common MIE or converge into a single AO, or share KEs, can be interconnected in a network . The interconnected AOPs form networks of AOPs. While individual linear AOPs allow simplification of the complex biology, networks of AOPs comprehensively describe the intricateness of the disease processes and hence are applicable to real world scenarios. Thus, an individual linear AOP is a building block within a larger AOP network. AOP networks are nonlinear and branched. The networks allow visualization and identification of the most upstream or downstream KEs, points of AOP convergence or divergence and also appreciation of positive and negative feedback loops [15, 16]. More importantly, the networks of AOPs will allow identification of the most commonly occurring or highly connected KEs among the AOPs, also referred to as KE nodes, which can be prioritized for testing and quantification in the absence of required experimental information on the essentiality of individual KEs [15, 16]. In the context of nanomaterials, evaluation of available linear AOPs will identify mechanisms, overlapping KEs, support prioritization of endpoints for assessment and provide clarity on property-specific influences on nanomaterial-induced toxicity.
Application of AOPs in HHRA of nanomaterials
Well-constructed quantitative AOPs (quantitative AOP refers to mathematical, statistical or computational models that describe complex dose, time and response-response relationships shared between the KEs and the AO , and the factors that modulate these relationships, enabling quantitative prediction of probability of the AO occurrence or expected magnitude of the AO at a specified exposure level ) can be used to gather information on chemical categories, identification and characterization of hazard, and thus, have far-reaching applications in the formal process of chemical risk assessment. In a quantitative AOP, KEs and KERs are mathematically outlined and are supported by a vast amount of quality in vivo, in vitro and/or in silico toxicity data. However, building a quantitative AOP and its evaluation is extremely onerous. It is important to note that depending on the intended applications, all AOPs need not be fully developed, quantitative or formally validated. Putative or qualitative AOPs can guide toxicity testing strategies, inform prioritization of research by identifying knowledge gaps, aid in screening and prioritization of chemicals for further toxicity testing using animal models and guide the principles of decision matrices such as integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA) [19,20,21,22]. AOPs can support systematic review and integration of diverse multi-source and non-standard data types, including data derived from in silico and in vitro assays that are not standard in the current risk assessment framework . More importantly, putative or qualitative AOPs can inform design and development of targeted in vitro assays, identification of targeted biomarkers, providing the biological context for the interpretation and extrapolation of non-standard data to in vivo responses [6, 19, 24]. Considering the many issues related to the toxicity testing of nanomaterials, well-constructed qualitative AOPs, in the short term, will help focus research, toxicity testing and regulatory efforts, prioritize nanomaterials that require immediate testing, and aid in the development of targeted toxicity assays .
Need for nano-relevant AOPs
To date, AOP development has focused mainly on chemical-induced AOs; however, there is significant interest and efforts being made to incorporate mechanistic knowledge describing AOs of relevance to other substances, such as particles, radiation and nanomaterials [11, 12, 26]. AOPs developed for chemicals should, in general, be applicable to nanomaterials. The various biological pathways and adverse outcomes induced by nanomaterials are shown to share similarities with those induced by chemicals, albeit with a lack of detailed understanding of the MIE . Research has shown that mechanistically, engineered nanomaterial-induced toxicity resembles the toxicity induced by ultrafine ambient particles [27,28,29] present in the natural environment. Similar to ambient particles, when deposited in the lung, nanomaterials induce oxidative stress, inflammation and cytotoxicity . In other studies, some nanomaterials exhibiting properties of high aspect ratio materials, are shown to induce asbestos-like responses. Metal oxide nanoparticles are shown to induce toxicity similar to certain occupational hazards such as in miners exposed to silica, coal dust or welding fumes [31,32,33,34]. Thus, in principle, toxicity pathways and key biological events describing substance-induced AOs should be cross-applicable to chemicals and nanomaterials. However, the size-associated changes in the physico-chemical and structural properties of nanomaterials render unique material interactions with biological milieu that could enhance their toxicity potential . The small size of nanomaterials compared to their bulk counterparts may result in structural defects and changes in surface groups resulting in a disrupted electron configuration, which could lead to changes in their reactivity. For example, depending on the nanomaterial chemical composition, changes in the surface properties can result in hydrophilic, hydrophobic or catalytically more or less active nanomaterials . In addition to influencing the toxicity potential of nanomaterials in biological systems, their unique surface properties govern their interaction with cells that can result in cellular uptake and internalization, which is a critical biological event or a MIE for nanomaterial-induced tissue responses. Many different types of nano-bio interactions have been described including physical, mechanical, chemical and receptor-mediated interactions; a single nanomaterial could initiate multiple interactions at the same time and in other cases, nanomaterials could act via non-specific interactions . In addition, when present in the biological milieu, nanomaterials adsorb biomolecules such as proteins and lipids and form a ‘biocorona’ on their surface . Biocorona is dynamic and its formation is influenced by the properties of nanomaterials such as surface charge, size and surface chemistry, and in return, the type of biocorona formed on the surface of nanomaterials changes their identity (physical, chemical and surface properties) , uptake and biodistribution. The type of biocorona also influences the host response to nanomaterials and their potential toxicity. However, because of the transitory state of a number of proteins and other biomolecules forming the biocorona, it has been difficult to identify biomolecules that influence specific aspects of nanomaterials journey. As stated earlier, while the chemical or nanomaterial-induced mechanisms of toxicity seem to follow a similar path (contrary to well-defined MIEs for chemicals such as ligand-receptor binding or protein modification), the MIEs responsible for triggering nanomaterial-induced toxicity cascades are vague (mechanical/physical damage to cellular organelles) and lack specificity . To complicate it further, a nanomaterial of similar chemical composition and class exhibiting different structural properties may interact differently with the same biological microenvironment. Thus, although AOPs constructed generally for chemicals can be used to describe the AOs of relevance to nanomaterials, special considerations to domain of applicability may be needed to specify the nanomaterial property-mediated deviations in the pathway.
AOP development strategies
While it is now accepted in the nanotoxicology community that AOPs of relevance to nanomaterials are needed and hold promise for not only identifying hazard but also for building twenty-first century toxicity assessment strategies involving animal alternatives, several issues have hampered the progress in this field, such as: 1) not all AOs induced by nanomaterials are identified as most studies to date have focused on acute responses and 2) quality data to identify KEs that would enable development of full AOPs is lacking. More importantly, how to identify KEs from the many biological events reported in the literature, especially when specific AOs are not known, is a challenge for many enthusiasts desiring to develop AOPs of interest to nanomaterials.
OECD Working Party for Manufactured Nanomaterials (WPMN) project on advancing the development of nano relevant adverse outcome pathways
Recently, an OECD WPMN-supported project ‘Advancing Adverse Outcome Pathway Development for Nanomaterial Risk Assessment and Categorization’ (OECD WPMN AOP project) developed, through a case study approach, a systematic methodology for identifying KEs from the existing nanotoxicology literature and demonstrated how incorporation of data on KEs can be potentially linked to AOs and lead to the development of full AOPs in the future . The OECD WPMN AOP project was led by the Canadian delegation (Health Canada and Environment and Climate Change Canada) of the OECD WPMN, involved several international partners, and was supported by SmartNanoTox (Smart Tools for Gauging Nano Hazards), a European Union Horizon 2020 (H2020)-funded consortium. The project specifically focused on identifying inflammation-associated KEs since inflammation is one of the routinely assessed, observed and reported tissue response events for nanomaterials. Nanotoxicology research has established that nanomaterial-induced toxicity involves an acute inflammatory component [41,42,43]. The OECD WPMN AOP project reviewed a database of 191 individual studies selected from a larger collection of 11,000 studies published between 2000 and 2013, which included in vivo and in vitro reports on ~ 60 endpoints associated with inflammation for 45 different nanomaterials . These individual studies were reviewed to identify KEs and the results showed that inflammation, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity events are overrepresented in the nanotoxicology literature, which are also frequently identified KEs in many of the AOPs for chemicals documented on AOPwiki (https://aopwiki.org/). Moreover, it was noted that these three KEs represent nanomaterial-induced effects at the cellular level of biological organization and share a causal relationship; persistent inflammation, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity and the consolidated interplay between the three cellular level KEs results in ‘tissue injury’, a tissue level effect or a KE. Tissue injury occurs downstream of inflammation and can be considered as a tipping point in the process of an inflammation-associated disease as it precedes tissue dysfunction . Tissue injury can also be considered an AO in itself. Several AOs identified for nanomaterials such as lung fibrosis, lung emphysema, and lung cancer, have all been shown to involve these three KEs, as later discussed. Thus, the OECD WPMN AOP project marks a demonstrated step forward in the direction of providing guidance on how best to use the existing literature to populate AOP space for nanomaterials by 1) outlining a methodology to identify KEs from a vast number of reported biological endpoints in the literature and 2) establishing a database that can potentially be used to support the evaluation of existing AOPs containing the three KEs identified in the project and 3) enabling the future development of AOPs that address nanomaterial specific issues. Moreover, the established methodology and the database can be used as a good starting point for identification of novel KEs for other routes of exposures and adverse tissue effects.
Toxicogenomics for the development of AOPs
The other effective strategy for identifying KEs and AOs entails use of high-throughput (HT) and high-content (HC) data often referred to as toxicogenomics [9, 44]. Toxicogenomic data gives a broad overview of the molecular mechanisms of toxicity initiated by stressors in a wide variety of biological models, and as a result, is expected to feed virtually all blocks of AOPs, from the underlying toxicity mechanism to selection of an MIE, cellular level KEs, tissue and organ level KEs, and the final AO. Two main advantages of using toxicogenomics data for advancing AOP development are: i) the comprehensive data supports validation of MIEs and KEs by providing molecular level details, and ii) the data enables identification of sensitive biomarkers for targeted measurement of the KEs identified in the AOP [9, 44]. Initiatives have been taken to link biological pathway databases, such as WikiPathways, to AOPs, which enables AOP-linked bioinformatics analysis of toxicogenomics data [13, 45]. For example, a data fusion pipeline aiming to enrich AOPs with molecular detail was successfully applied to develop an AOP-linked molecular description of lung fibrosis, demonstrating that transcriptomics data captures early effects of exposure before the histological manifestation of an AO. This pipeline is readily available and applicable for development and refinement of other AOPs .
In another study by Nikota et al., a meta-analysis of 12 individual transcriptomics studies describing lung injury and disease responses following exposure to a variety of stressors including pathogens, chemicals, overexpression of cytokines and nanomaterials was conducted . The final data included in the analysis consisted of ~ 700 individual microarray hybridizations representing 137 unique experimental conditions. The hierarchical clustering analysis of microarray data revealed robust associations between nanomaterial-induced lung transcriptomic responses with those induced by bacterial infection and chemical-induced lung pathologies. Further in depth analysis of genes found at the intersections of the clusters in the hierarchical cluster, enabled identification of specific mechanisms underlying the acute and chronic phases of nanomaterial-induced lung disease response, which was later used to establish a specific AOP for lung fibrosis [11, 47] (https://aopwiki.org/aops/173).
The computational methods described above showcase existing methodology and tools to integrate available knowledge from diverse databases and knowledge resources, to allow for data-driven learning of biological mechanisms towards development of specific AOPs . Such integrated approaches enable detailed definition and description of AOP events, including support for the consideration of causality between KEs or key event relationships, which in general, are assessed via applying tailored Bradford Hill criteria, specifically refined to support AOPs . Thus, the use of high-content toxicogenomics data to support tiered workflows from identifying the underlying mechanisms, defining the KEs and AO of relevance to nanomaterials to quantitative validation of AOPs is promising and has been demonstrated for chemicals .
A movement towards using the existing literature to support the development of AOPs of relevance to nanomaterials has been initiated and efforts are being made to create a database of nano relevant AOPs, a few of which are described below.
Introduction to putative AOPs that are currently explored for potential applications in nanotoxicology
AOP 173: substance interaction with lung resident cell membrane components leading to fibrosis
Lung fibrosis is an AO of the dysregulated tissue repair process. It denotes the presence of scar tissue in the localized alveolar capillary region of the lung where gas exchange occurs. It requires the presence of sustained or repeated exposure to stressor and involves intricate dynamics between several inflammatory & immune response cells, and the microenvironment of the alveolar-capillary region consisting of both immune and non-immune cells, and the lung interstitium . Lung fibrosis is the most widely assessed and reported AO following exposure to nanomaterials . The AOP 173 (Fig. 1) describes the qualitative linkages between interactions of substances (e.g. physical, chemical or receptor-mediated) with membrane components (e.g. receptors, lipids) of lung cells leading to fibrosis (https://aopwiki.org/aops/173). This AOP represents a pro-fibrotic mechanism that involves a strong inflammatory component and describes a mechanism that is common to both chemical and nanomaterial-induced lung fibrosis, thus demonstrating the cross-applicability of AOPs for chemical and non-chemical stressors. Briefly, in AOP 173, the MIE is described as interaction of the stressor with components of the resident lung cellular membrane, and in the context of nanomaterials, interaction with the biological microenvironment and respective players (physical, receptor-mediated, mechanical, etc.) is assumed to define the eventual adverse outcome . This interaction triggers the secretion of a myriad of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators (KE1) that signal the recruitment of pro-inflammatory leukocytes into the lungs (KE2). KE1 and KE2 represent the same functional changes that are collectively known as inflammation. In the absence of an effective clearance of the invading stressor or in the presence of repeated stimulus, perpetuation of KE1 and KE2 or inflammation, and ensuing cell injury leads to the alveolar capillary membrane integrity loss (KE3) and activation of the T Helper type 2 (Th2) cell signaling (KE4), during which anti-inflammatory and pro-repair/fibrotic molecules are secreted. KE4 leads to fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation (KE5), leading to synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix or collagen (KE6). Excessive collagen deposition results in alveolar septa thickening, decrease in total lung volume and lung fibrosis (AO). As stated above, this AOP is initiated by the interaction (chemical, physical, receptor-mediated, etc) of stressors with the components of the lung cellular membrane, which, in the context of nanomaterials can be non-specific or unknown. Lung fibrosis is a well-known occupational hazard and is frequently observed in miners and welders exposed to metal dusts (https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/breathing-in-america/resources/chapter-13-occupational-lung-diseases.pdf). It is also induced by other stressors such as, particles, pharmacological products, fibres, chemicals, microorganisms or overexpression of specific inflammatory mediators. Specific to nanomaterials, high aspect ratio carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been shown to induce fibrosis in experimental animals (reviewed in [53, 54]). The predominant mechanism of CNT-induced fibrosis is in alignment with the mechanism outlined in AOP 173 (reviewed in [51, 55, 56]) and involves the same KEs 1–6. Although the exact mechanism for lung cell activation by CNT remains partially unclear, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to activate intracellular signaling pathways and participate in inflammatory reactions. ROS can also be synthesized by pro-inflammatory cells and macrophages and in a positive feedback loop, help perpetuate the toxicity cascade towards injury and eventually the AO. The AOP 173 is specifically applicable to nanomaterials and other stressors that induce fibrosis via immune and inflammatory KEs. Additional molecular details on the intricate dynamics of the fibrotic process can also be found from the molecular description of the disease in WikiPathways , (https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP3624; https://aopwiki.org/aops/173). However, lung fibrosis is also suggested to be induced via non-inflammatory mechanisms. For example, direct activation and differentiation of lung fibroblasts by high aspect ratio fibers translocated to lung interstitium leading to collagen synthesis and fibrosis is reported [53, 57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64]. A network of KEs reflecting the dynamics between the fibroblasts, macrophages and epithelial cells and their role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis induced by high aspect ratio nanomaterials is summarized in a review by Vietti et al. . Thus, as suggested earlier, AOP 173 reflects one of the most widely accepted mechanisms of lung fibrosis applicable mainly to a large group of pro-inflammatory stressors that are also pro-fibrotic. Lung fibrosis occurs in humans and key biological events involved are the same as the ones observed in experimental rodent models. Thus, AOP173 is applicable to a broad group of substances of diverse properties and provides a detailed mechanistic account of the process of lung fibrosis across species. AOP 173 has been fully developed and has completed external review facilitated by the OECD EAGMST AOP committee and currently under revision. The complete description of the AOP173 is publicly available (https://aopwiki.org/aops/173).
AOP NO ID: substance interaction with lung epithelial and macrophage cell membrane leading to lung fibrosis
This putative AOP describes a deviation in the mechanism of lung fibrosis presented in AOP 173 above (Fig. 1). It specifically targets a group of stressors that exhibit asbestos-like characteristics. Asbestos and asbestos like CNTs have been shown to cause a rapid and pronounced Th2 type tissue response [65,66,67,68] that is similar to a non-canonical pathway for Th2-driven inflammation involving Trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) and interleukin 33 (IL33) [69, 70]. Thus, it describes the influence of specific material properties such as shape and high aspect ratio, in initiating the AO. Similar to AOP 173, the MIE in this AOP defines interaction between stressors and lung cells (substance interaction with lung epithelial and macrophage cell membrane). The physical interaction of asbestos-like fibres with lung epithelial cells causes cell irritation and injury, which is perpetuated due to their persistence, leading to increased release of TFF2 (KE1). Persistent increases in TFF2 levels will cause the release of IL-33 (KE2) that will generate a Th2 type response (KE3). Both the increased expression of TFF2 and Th2 response will induce epithelial cell activation and, proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts (KE4), which in turn, leads to excessive synthesis of extracellular collagen matrix (KE5) and fibrosis (AO). Asbestos fibres cause fibrosis in humans and animal models.
AOP 1.25 increased substance interaction with alveolar cell membrane leading to lung emphysema
Emphysema is described as the enlargement and destruction of the walls of distal and peripheral airspaces in the lung (respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli) causing obstructed airflow. It is a progressive and life-threatening condition affecting alveolar structures that is irreversible once initiated. This AOP describes the interaction of stressors with alveolar cell membrane components leading to lung emphysema (Fig. 1). When the stressor interacts with the alveolar cell membrane (MIE), the resulting cell injury leads to the release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which in turn, initiate the pro-inflammatory cascade, during which multiple pro-inflammatory mediators and proteinases are secreted (KE1) that signal the recruitment of pro-inflammatory cells into the lungs (KE2). The MIE, KE1, and KE2 constitute the process of inflammation, the purpose of which is to remove the invading pathogen or toxic insult. The lingering stimulus or repeated exposure leading to cellular injury initiates repair processes, during which a variety of proteolytic enzymes are activated, and proteinases and tissue inhibitor of proteases are released by leukocytes. The proteinase-antiproteinase enzyme balance is needed to maintain lung integrity; however, the perpetuating stimulus and pro-inflammatory conditions lead to a proteinase-antiproteinase enzymatic imbalance (KE3), inducing degradation of the extracellular matrix of epithelial and endothelial cells and alveolar wall destruction (KE4) accompanied by capillary reduction in the respiratory exchange area and alveolar space enlargement (KE5). Ensuing incidences of apoptosis of alveolar cells, failed lung tissue repair, and other factors add to the lung septum damage. The inability to achieve an adequate repair balance, persistent toxicant stimuli, and increased proteolytic induction contributes to alveolar wall destruction and emphysematous lung lesions (AO). Stressors that induce emphysema include cigarette smoke , metal fumes or vapours, mineral dusts , air pollutants such as ozone and particulate matter , and nanoparticles . This AOP is applicable to a wide variety of stressors including nanoparticles that induce an inflammatory response and affect the distal and deep lung. Inhaled nanoparticles of cadmium and lead induce alveolar emphysema in adult female mice that also show hyperemia and focal hemorrhage, with inflammatory cell infiltration and thickening of alveolar septum . Exposure to aluminum nanoparticles is shown to induce emphysema-like alveolar lesions in mice . A sustained lung burden of ferric oxide nanoparticles and emphysema was reported in rats post-intratracheal instillation . Inhaled functionalized nanospray films with free hydroxyl groups and perfluorinate used as floor-sealing products have been shown to induce severe lung injury with emphysematous lung lesions and morphology . Although in this particular study there was no evidence for the presence of nanoparticles in the product, the effects were attributed to the nanofilm that was formed after application of the product, which included inhibition of surfactant function, inititation of acute lung toxicity and development of emphysematous lung lesions. In addition, environmental nanoparticles such as carbon black derived from cigarette smoke are found accumulated in emphysematous lung tissue within dendritic cells of myeloid origin and in immune antigen presenting cells of exposed mice . Emphysematous lung lesions and emphysema occurs in humans and the key events described in this AOP are mechanistically similar to the ones observed in animals, implying that the AOP presented is applicable to humans.
AOP 237: cellular sensing of stressor leading to plaque progression
This AOP describes the linkages between substance interaction with pulmonary cell membrane components and atherosclerotic plaque progression (Fig. 1). Inhaled stressors, such as chemical substances and nanomaterials can interact with cells via physical, chemical, mechanical or receptor-mediated interactions (the MIE in this AOP) which may involve membrane lipids, surfactants, proteins and other biomolecules in the microenvironment. For nanomaterials, this interaction may be mediated by their structural attributes (such as shape) and/or surface properties (such as surface charge, surface functionality, etc). The interaction between nanomaterials and cells leads to increased secretion of pulmonary pro-inflammatory cytokines (KE1). The ensuing cytokine storm triggers the acute phase response characterized by changes in the concentration of plasma acute phase proteins. Specifically, the initial cytokine release in lungs leads to increased secretion of the lung acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) (KE2) [80, 81]. Although acute phase response is conventionally assumed to be a reaction of the hepatic system, there is evidence to support the existence of acute phase machinery local to the pulmonary system and localized secretion of SAA by macrophages, fibroblasts or epithelial cells in the alveoli after exposure to a variety of stressors. SAA functions as a monocyte and neutrophil chemoattractant . Previous studies in mice have shown that pulmonary exposure to different types of nanomaterials induces a robust pulmonary acute phase response with increased expression of Saa3 mRNA, which is specific to lung tissue. These studies have also shown that increases in SAA3 expression correlates with increased neutrophil influx into the lung [43, 84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92]. Furthermore, inhalation of ZnO nanoparticles induces a dose-dependent acute phase response, including increased blood levels of SAA in human volunteers , demonstrating that particle-induced acute phase response also occurs in humans. Increased expression of SAA leads to the formation of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-SAA complex (KE3). Under homeostatic conditions, HDL is in a complex with apolipoprotein A-1. The high levels of SAA displaces the apolipoprotein A-1 bound to HDL and, the newly formed HDL-SAA complex enters systemic circulation [81, 94,95,96]. The formation of HDL-SAA complex inhibits reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues, which leads to increased systemic total cholesterol pool (KE4) [97,98,99,100] and increased foam cell formation (KE5) from macrophages in peripheral tissues [100, 101]. Foam cells are a major component of atherosclerotic fatty streaks, which reduce the elasticity of arterial walls. The foam cells promote a pro-inflammatory environment by secretion of cytokines and ROS. In addition, foam cells also induce the recruitment of smooth muscle cells to the intima, leading to arterial plaque progression (AO).
Acute phase response and the accompanying inflammatory response are strongly associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis (as reviewed in ). SAA is causally implicated in atherosclerosis, since inactivation of all three inducible Saa genes in ApoE −/− mice lowers the formation of atherosclerotic plaques whereas overexpression of Saa1 or Saa3 increases atherosclerosis [102,103,104]. Acute phase response is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease and blood levels of SAA and C-reactive protein (CRP) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease in prospective epidemiological studies . Thus, the AOP is applicable to several types of stressors and across different species.
AOP 303: frustrated phagocytosis leading to lung cancer
Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers accounting for the highest number of deaths in the world in 2018 . In general, it is a progressive disease and with a long latency period. Lung cancer is one of the adverse outcomes following exposure to fibres and particles via inhalation, which predominantly manifests in bronchial cells and rarely involves alveoli. There are two main types of lung cancer: non-small cell and small-cell lung cancer. Small-cell carcinoma represents between 10 and 15% of lung cancer . Non-small cell lung cancer is subdivided in adenocarcinoma (40%), squamous cell carcinoma (25%) and large cell carcinoma (10%) . Occupational exposure to fibres and particles, including high aspect ratio materials, such as asbestos, contribute to the occurrence of lung cancer . It is estimated that asbestos causes 55 to 85% of occupationally related lung cancer and other diseases such as mesothelioma and results in about 233,000 deaths per year following work exposure . This provides evidence that repeated inhalation exposure to, or biopersistence of, a wide variety of substances exhibiting diverse physical-chemical properties can induce lung cancer. Regardless of the substance, the underlying mechanism is the same and is initiated by the interaction of substances with lung resident immune cells (phagocytes) resulting in incomplete or “frustrated” phagocytosis (also described as failure of alveolar macrophages to phagocytize). This event serves as the MIE in this AOP.
Phagocytosis is the first line of defense against foreign invasion and therefore is essential for the maintenance of cellular and tissue homeostasis in an organism . This process, mainly performed by macrophages, is divided into two steps: phagosome formation following recognition and internalization of the stressor, and phagosome maturation into a degradation compartment . In lung tissue, alveolar macrophages engulf inhaled pathogens or stressors, which are then cleared from the alveolar space via the mucociliary escalator or lymphatic drainage. High aspect ratio materials (HARMs) with a ratio length/diameter ≥ 3 , (https://www.safenano.org/), because of their shape and rigidity, pose issues with the process of phagocytosis and lead to incomplete or frustrated phagocytosis . HARMs include nanorods, nanowires, nanofibers and nanotubes among which CNTs are the most studied. Other HARMs include asbestos . Some studies have investigated the effect of the length of HARMs on the capacity of macrophages to phagocytose them. The study of Sweeney et al., 2015 demonstrated in primary human alveolar macrophages that treatment with long MWCNT (median length 19.3 μm) induced higher levels of MARCO receptor expression (MAcrophage Receptor with COllagenous structure, a type of pattern recognition receptor) as well as a more pronounced decreased phagocytic ability and migratory capacity than shorter MWCNT (median length 1.1 μm) . Many other studies have shown that long nanotubes induce frustrated phagocytosis [114,115,116]. All together, these results are in good agreement with the hypothesis of Donaldson et al suggesting that fibres longer than 15 μm may cause the process of frustrated phagocytosis . The consequence of incomplete phagocytosis is biopersistence of HARMs in the alveolar space [112, 114, 117, 118].
As presented in Fig. 1, frustrated phagocytosis and consequential biopersistence of substances leads to lung inflammation, characterized by increased secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators (cytokines) (KE1) and increased influx of leukocytes into lungs (KE2). In the context of biopersistent HARMs different type of cytokines, such as TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 are produced, which can initiate recruitment of inflammatory cells to clear HARMs from the lung. Inflammatory cells include circulating monocytes, which differentiate into macrophages at the site of inflammation, and neutrophils. Increased cytokine secretion and modification of the metabolic patterns of the immune cells results in an increased production of ROS (KE3) [119, 120]. The ROS can act as a secondary messenger and as a mediator of inflammation. Long lasting or continuing oxidative stress leads to DNA damage and mutation (KE4) in epithelial cells [121,122,123]. Unlike DNA damage, DNA mutations involving both strands, cannot be repaired and are heritable. Mutations affect the genotype and potentially also the phenotype. Different mechanisms such as oxidative burst, DNA repair dysfunction or centrosome amplification and chromosome instability are implicated in DNA damage . DNA damage and genetic instability could also be the consequence of direct interactions between biopersistent HARMs and chromosomes or the mitotic spindle . In fact, HARMs such as asbestos and MWCNTs have been associated with DNA damage in the form of specific chromosomal aberrations, such as deletions at the tumor suppressor p16/CDKN2A site 9p21.3 (reviewed in ). Increased DNA damage and consequent mutations lead to an anarchical cell proliferation. Cell proliferation (KE5) is a physiological process, during which a cell replicates its genetic material and divides into two identical daughter cells. Proliferation is a highly controlled process and permit tissue homeostasis. However, when checkpoints are absent or inhibited, an increase of proliferation is observed, which is one of the hallmarks of cancer . The anarchical proliferation of cells could lead to accumulation of mutations in oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes, a prerequisite for cancer development. The mechanism described in this AOP is observed following exposure to a variety of environmental toxicants in many vertebrates and is applicable to both genders regardless of the developmental stage.
AOP 302 lung surfactant function disruption leading to acute inhalation toxicity
This putative AOP describes the linkages between the interaction of substances with the lung surfactant layer lining leading to inhibition of surfactant function and acute inhalation toxicity. Acute inhalation toxicity is the sum of all adverse effects caused following a single uninterrupted exposure to a substance via inhalation over a short period of time (24 h or less) . Acute lung toxicity in humans is characterized by cough, difficulty in breathing, tightness in the chest, fever and vomiting (AO) [128, 129].
Respirable substances that are small enough to evade normal respiratory surveillance and reach deeper lung regions, come in direct contact with lung surfactant, which provides the first defense barrier. This interaction between the substances and the surfactant marks the MIE in the AOP for acute inhalation toxicity (Fig. 1). The interaction with surfactant results in disruption of lung surfactant function (KE1). The main function of lung surfactant is to lower the surface tension at the air-liquid interface during the breathing cycle. The substance interaction mediated surfactant function disruption leads to an increase in minimum surface tension and alveolar collapse. Collapsed alveoli, if reopened, exert shear stress on the epithelium or if remained closed, lead to reduced lung volume, decreased area for gas exchange and reduced blood oxygenation. Regardless, collapsed alveoli lead to loss of alveolar capillary membrane integrity (KE2), resulting in bleeding into the lungs (KE3). Bleeding and consequent release of blood components such as albumin and fibrin into the air-liquid interface will further disrupt lung surfactant function (KE1) [130,131,132,133] leading to exacerbation of the process. The collapse of the alveoli results in reduced lung volume (KE4) and hypoxia. The combination of bleeding into the lungs and impaired blood oxygenation leads to acute inhalation toxicity (AO).
When nanomaterials reach the alveoli and come into contact with the lung surfactant, they are immediately covered by a lung surfactant corona. This corona is distinct from the corona that forms if nanomaterials come into contact with serum, as it consists mainly of phospholipids rather than proteins . Both phospholipids and surfactant associated proteins are essential for the function of lung surfactant and their binding by nanomaterials can deplete both the phospholipids and associated proteins from the air-liquid interface, thus disrupting function. The physicochemical characteristics of the surface of the nanomaterials determine what binds to the surface, i.e. hydrophobic nanomaterials bind relatively more to phospholipids than hydrophilic nanomaterials . A wide range of nanomaterials have been shown to affect the function of lung surfactant in vitro including metal and carbon-based nanomaterials [135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143].
Acute inhalation toxicity is observed frequently in humans and in experimental animals . Lung surfactant function impairment in vitro has been strongly associated with induction of acute inhalation toxicity and acute lung injury both in humans and in experimental animals .
Network of AOPs
Individual linear AOPs presented in Fig. 1 were used to build a network of AOPs for inhalation toxicity induced by nanomaterials using Cytoscape (Fig. 2). A directed network analysis, using the built-in plugin NetworkAnalyzer in Cytoscape, was carried out in order to determine topological characteristics of the derived network (Table 1). From the derived network, it was observed that each AOP shares at least one common KE. The MIE defined as ‘interaction with lung cell membrane component’ is common to most AOPs in the network differing only in specific details such as cell types or biomolecules involved in the interaction. For example, in AOP 173, the interaction between the stressor and lung cells is not specific, whereas, in the other AOPs, the specific details are described such as specific cell types or the biomolecules involved. In AOP 303 for lung cancer, the MIE is defined as frustrated phagocytosis, which is also described as a type of interaction that triggers the biological cascade leading to lung fibrosis in AOP 173. As stated earlier, MIEs in the nanomaterial relevant AOPs are non-specific and/or may involve multiple interactions at the same time. A select set of HARMs such as CNTs are shown to induce physical or mechanical interaction involving frustrated phagocytosis and, at the same time, can bind to receptors such as toll-like receptors or selectins , initiating the KEs of inflammation and immune responses at the cellular level. Among the KEs, the hub KEs of inflammation, including altered expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and increased recruitment of leukocytes, are common across the AOPs in the network. However, the description of the KE ‘altered expression of pro-inflammatory mediators’ was represented with certain variations to include specific players such as cell types or objects to highlight the tissue or AO specific details. For example, in the AOP 173, this KE was described as altered pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators, and in the AOP 1.25 for lung emphysema, it was defined as altered expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and metalloproteinase. There was also a high degree of overlap between the KEs describing loss of alveolar capillary membrane integrity (common to three AOPs and three AOs), and activation of Th2 type response, fibroblast/myofibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition (two AOPs, one AO). In addition, the associative events (a biological event that helps propagate the response but may not be essential to be listed as a KE in the pathway) or cyclic (the positive feedback loops) KERs describing increased oxidative stress and cytotoxicity were common to two AOPs. Oxidative stress was defined as an associative event in two AOPs and was a KE in one of the AOPs. The most highly connected KE (‘Increased, recruitment of pro-inflammatory cells’) is related to inflammation, which represents a tissue level KE. The most central KE was ‘Loss of alveolar membrane integrity’, a tissue level KE reflecting tissue injury, which was identified as one of the critical events potentially preceding nanomaterial-induced tissue dysfunction and adverse outcome . The acute cell injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation triggered immediately following exposure to nanomaterials act in a positive feedback loop mechanism propagating the initial inflammatory response, resulting in tissue injury. This is a potentially decisive state leading to adverse outcomes of lung fibrosis, lung emphysema and acute inhalation toxicity. From the network, it is clear that nanomaterial-induced pathologies have a similar origin and the eventual adverse outcome trajectory may be influenced by the property variations, duration, and time of exposure which suggests certain nanomaterials may have the capacity to induce multiple AOs. Among the AOPs presented in this network, only AOP 173 has been fully developed and is considered qualitative at present. Regardless, the putative AOPs in the network can be used to inform the focus of interim research activities, focusing on overlapping KEs for targeted analysis by specific endpoints.
AOPs for design and development of alternative testing strategies in support of HHRA of nanomaterials
As stated earlier, one of the major hurdles that has impeded nanomaterial safety assessment is lack of quality data. Owing to their number and many forms, complete assessment of just the first generation nanomaterials via conventional animal testing was estimated to require approximately 50 years or more and billions of dollars in funding. With the appearance of next generation advanced materials in the market, this task is projected to be even more onerous. The in vitro and in silico alternatives to animal testing are being actively developed; however, the incorporation of an AOP framework in the design of such alternatives, would enable effective interpretation of data generated and their extrapolation to responses potentially observed in animals and humans. One of the successful examples supporting the use of AOPs in decision making process is the story of skin sensitization (AOP 40), the first of the AOPs to be endorsed by the OECD. Since its endorsement, in vitro tests developed for multiple KEs identified in this AOP have found regulatory acceptance, OECD test guidelines have been established and various test guidelines for in vitro skin sensitization assays are available (https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/oecd-guidelines-for-the-testing-of-chemicals-section-4-health-effects_20745788). The efforts are well underway in support of recommendations to completely replace the animal-based skin sensitization tests by AOP-informed suite of in vitro, in silico and in chemico tests. Thus, well-constructed AOPs will allow effective use of mechanistic knowledge in the design and development of animal alternatives, enabling generation of quality toxicology data that incorporate dose-response relationships and cross-species relevance, resulting in quantitative risk assessments (http://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/testing/series-testing-assessment-publications-number.htm).
The suitability of an AOP for applications in research or regulatory decision making is solely based on the biological accuracy of the mechanism presented, biological plausibility and measurability of KEs and the weight of evidence presented in support of KERs. AOP 173 for lung fibrosis has undergone internal and external review by the OECD EAGMST AOP committee and the external subject matter experts, respectively and is currently under revision. In Fig. 3, the well accepted mechanism of lung fibrosis (AOP 173) is presented with a number of non-animal assays that can potentially be used to assess different KEs. Table 2 lists the KEs in AOP 173 (identified by their ID on AOPwiki) and specific cell types, endpoints and assays used for measuring the specified KEs in nanotoxicology literature. This information can be used to build a non-animal testing strategy for predicting nanomaterial-induced lung fibrosis. To be effective, the strategy must include a combination of assays and endpoints targeting more than one KE in AOP 173. While a number of assays have been identified, what is not clear for now is which assays or endpoints should be prioritized and the rationale for prioritization of one assay or endpoint over the other is lacking. For example, in the case of inflammation, the list of specific actors and cell types used to measure higher order KEs of inflammation depends on individual researcher’s expertise, resources and experiences. The heterogeneity in assay types, objects assessed or cell type used poses significant challenges in interpreting the data derived from these assays. Moreover, questions such as 1) do all biomarkers bear equal sensitivity in predicting in vivo inflammation, 2) how many pro-inflammatory mediators should be assessed at a minimum and 3) how is altered expression defined and if the definition can be applied across different biomarkers of inflammation consistently, have to be addressed. A criterion for selection of biomarkers from the vast number of pleotropic and redundant pro-inflammatory mediators should be carefully established and guidance regarding the minimum set of cell-type-specific object changes that represent occurrence of a given KE needs to be defined. In order for such prioritization or for developing animal alternative testing strategies for lung fibrosis, a common dataset generated using the different assays and endpoints listed in Fig. 3 or Table 2, for different nanomaterials and their variants is required. The resulting outcome of such an analysis will include thousands of data points from a heterogenous group of assays and endpoints describing dose-responses for several nanomaterials and their property variants. The integrated analysis of all data and interpretation of such data will require sophisticated and dynamic computational modelling approaches. Some nanoinformatics infrastructure for such an undertaking already exists. Models developed as part of ToxCast and Tox21 initiatives for chemicals can be used, which will enable integration of data from multiple assays and aid in the interpretation of data describing the biological relevance and identification of point-of-no return or tipping points associated with dose-dependent transitions from adaptive cellular responses to adverse outcomes . It is important to note that in all of the AOPs involving early inflammatory and immune events, initiation and progression of early inflammatory KEs towards the AO greatly depends on the relative balance of damage & repair, stressor characteristics, time, and exposure conditions, all of which may limit the predictive potential of an in vitro strategy. Thus, a well-thought combination of KEs and advanced in vitro models for measuring them may be required to attain effective predictions of outcomes. Certain properties of nanomaterials such as shape, aspect ratio, chemical composition can serve as alerts or triggers for an MIE; however, property alerts for all nanomaterials have not been identified, necessitating testing of most suspected nanomaterials using multiple assays and endpoints. Until a validated strategy is available, a simple decision tree as shown in Fig. 4 can be used in a tiered testing strategy involving Tier-1 measurement of higher degree inflammatory KEs and Tier-2 testing of KEs downstream of inflammation representing histological manifestation of the disease. Since standardized protocols and guidance on testing are not available, each KE may have to be assessed using more than one assay and multiple endpoints. As the data generated from using these assays increases, the strategy can be improved by selecting most predictive parameters or by including additional parameters to define predictive efficiency. In addition, as more data becomes available, criteria for evaluating the in vitro methods addressing aspects such as, what KE is assessed or predicted by the assay, how close is the measured endpoint to the response observed in vivo, how many nanomaterials have been tested using the method, does the method allow dose-response analysis and is there a standard operating protocol available, can be developed to select the assays and endpoints that demonstrate the best predictive potential. In a recent study by Rahman et al., (2020), a testing strategy involving a combination of a transcriptomic signature consisting of 17 genes (referred to as PFS17) predictive of lung fibrosis targeting different KEs in the AOP 173 and an ex vivo precision cut lung slice method was proposed as a promising alternative to assess lung inflammation and lung fibrosis induced by nanomaterials . Although these strategies and specific methodologies are well described for chemicals , they are not readily applicable for nanomaterials due to lack of data. The novel approaches described here are still in their infancy in the context of nanomaterials and will require further validation before their routine integration into nanomaterial research and regulation.
Cell type, exposure model and biomarker selection
In addition to identifying relevant assays for consideration in testing, AOPs also provide a rationale for selecting biomarkers for inclusion in targeted analysis and relevant cell types for specific assays. However, AOPs do not help identify the most relevant in vitro exposure model. Simple cell culture models such as submerged mono-cultures involving lung cells have been routinely used in in vitro testing; however, with limited sensitivity to predict in vivo lung activity of nanomaterials. Efforts are currently underway to design and optimize advanced lung models consisting of physiologically relevant aspects of lung exposure and response. For example, exposure models that mimic the air-liquid interface at the epithelial surface and co-cultures of lung cells that are deemed important and crucial for the response are being considered in the new alternatives for lung toxicity testing and are being actively developed by several international projects (PATROLS for “Physiologically Anchored Tools for Realistic nanOmateriaL hazard aSsessment”) [149, 150].
Toxicogenomics as a useful tool for the identification and development of biomarkers for targeted testing of KEs
As alluded to earlier in the introduction, the wide scope of toxicogenomic data is optimal for defining the most robust biomarkers that are eligible for testing of AOP activation. Not only does the data provide deep insight into which genes are activated in relation to a specific AO, but it also provides the possibility to predict the activation of other biomolecules (transcription factors, proteins, non-coding RNAs), and to assess complex pathways and gene sets (signatures) correlated with a specific endpoint, such as an MIE, a KE or an AO, and in most cases, the signature can help assess multiple KEs at the same time. For example, in a study by Williams and Halappanavar , using datasets from public microarray repositories describing pulmonary diseases in mouse models and statistical methods such as bi-clustering and gene set enrichment analysis, essential features of altered lung transcriptomes following exposure to nanomaterials that are associated with lung-specific diseases were derived. Eight individual functionally related bi-clusters of genes showing similar expression profiles were identified and were assigned to inflammation (chemokine activity), DNA binding, cell cycle, apoptosis, ROS and fibrosis processes. The genes provide robust sets of gene signatures that can be further validated to predict nanomaterial-induced lung responses. For examples, the gene sets assigned to inflammation and fibrosis bi-clusters in were further pursued and a new predictive signature (PFS17) for the assessment of the KEs in AOP 173 predictive of lung fibrosis was developed . In another study, using a large publicly available toxicogenomic database specifically for liver injury Kohonen et al., defined [152, 153] a toxicogenomic space covering 1331 genes packed into 14 gene sets predictive of chemical-induced liver injury, including liver fibrosis. The identified biomarkers also relate to various toxicity pathways, including those shown to be induced by nanomaterials and in lung fibrosis, and are thus useful for bioinformatic modelling of molecular mechanisms related to nanotoxicity and other adverse outcomes. The selected gene sets and associated pathways describing the perturbed biology serve as a robust basis for quantifying transcriptomic signatures, probabilistic evaluation of MIE/KE activation, and prediction of the final AO [44, 152]. In addition, these multi-parametric biomarkers can be used for translating toxicogenomics data into parameters fit for use in conventional risk assessment routines, such as derivation of gene or pathway-based benchmark doses and points of departures [154, 155].
Lastly, owing to their comprehensiveness and sensitivity in differentiating subtle toxicity response induced by two individual nanomaterials of different properties [40, 42], high content toxicogenomic data can help define the structural properties of nanomaterials that are responsible for triggering an MIE and thus, an AO. For example, an approach that uses proteomic data to profile the protein corona of 84 gold nanoparticles as a basis for developing biological descriptors as input into quantitative structue activity relationship (Q) SAR modelling was recently described . The integration of gene ontologies describing molecular function of the protein sets in the corona and using those to predict cellular uptake allowed the authors to draw conclusions on the molecular functions, i.e. the structure of proteins correlating with cellular uptake of nanoparticles. This approach can be extended to any type of omics data to be used as a basis for developing biological descriptors, including transcriptomic data, which was further implemented in a user-friendly interface referred to as the toxFlow tool .
These broad sets of biomarkers derived from toxicogenomics allows for the use of increasingly cheap high-throughput transcriptomic profiling methods to be used as first-tier hypothesis generators, e.g. with regard to which AOPs are most relevant to focus on from the network of AOPs. These steps are followed by more specific targeted methods coupled to rather advanced model systems serving as second-tier toxicity identifiers, as described previously by efforts detailing such tiered strategies [9, 44, 147, 158,159,160]. The application of omics in AOP-based risk assessment is a long-term goal, due to the need for standardized analysis pipelines, but in the meantime, omics can be used for identifying and describing MIEs and KEs, for development of quantitative AOPs, for AOP-linked read across, and as weight of evidence .
Challenges to implementing the AOP framework for nanomaterial research and risk assessment
As detailed in previous sections, AOPs potentially constitute next generation toxicology strategies and represent major paradigm shift in how toxicological research is conducted and interpreted, addressing the current and future chemical safety testing challenges. However, despite the availability of a well implemented and highly credible framework, extensive guidance for developing AOPs and a wide propaganda of their potential promises to reforming the existing risk assessment and regulatory decision making processes, there are significant challenges that have impeded their development and uptake . The most crucial impediment in the context of nanomaterials is that there are no validated AOPs relevant to nanomaterial-induced AOs that can be used to support the decision making process. In general, the entire process, from the assembly of an AOP to its endorsement by the OECD WNT and WPHA, is very onerous and involves multiple steps: a) preparation and submission of an AOP proposal to the OECD EAGMST secretariat, b) review of the proposal by EAGMST, further consultation with WNT and WPHA for determining the regulatory relevance and susequent inclusion in the AOP work plan, and c) assembly of the full AOP in the AOP knowledgebase. The completely assembled AOP is then reviewed internally by the OECD EAGMST review committee for compliance with the AOP framework and externally by the OECD appointed subject matter experts for the accuracy of the biology presented . Upon successful completion of these steps, the AOP is endorsed by the OECD WNT/WPHA and published on the OECD website . Unless dedicated funds and sustainable human resources are available, this process can take more than a couple of years and in most cases, lack of sustainable resources force authors to abandon the efforts. The AOP knowledgebase lists more than 200 AOPs that are at different stages of development and less than 10 AOPs are fully assembled and endorsed . Once endorsed, readiness of an AOP for a specific purpose (e.g., informing research gaps, regulatory decisions) has to be verified and will depend on the type of data used for building AOP modules (KEs, KERs) . While putative AOPs can be used to inform data gaps, the quantitative AOPs can be used to support alternative testing strategies and generate data required for the chemical risk assessment . A set of criteria have been proposed for assessing the readiness of the AOP for a given application and include confidence in the AOP assessed by the weight of evidence approach (confidence in KE essentiality, biological plausibility and empirical evidence), regulatory relevance of the KEs in the AOP (are the proposed KEs used for regulatory decision making) and the robustness and readiness of the bioassays proposed for KE measurement (standardized, validated, non-validated) . In the regulatory context, the important impediment concerns the willingness of regulators to base a regulatory or a policy decision on AOP-informed testing strategies. To date, data generated from AOP-informed bioassays have not been used to make a regulatory decision. In the context of nanotoxicology, the concept of AOPs is new and the real challenges are extended to sheer availability of quality toxicology data to support the assembly of full AOPs. Significant efforts are made to develop and populate AOP knowledgebase with AOPs of relevance to nanomaterials; due to uncertainties in the available data and data gaps, at best, these AOPs can be viewed as putative or qualitative. Owing to the lack of mechanistic understanding, MIEs in nano relevant AOPs lack specificity. Moreover, insufficient understanding of how size-associated properties of nanomaterials impact the AOP transition from the MIE to an eventual AO, the domain of applicability cannot be specified. Thus, in the near term, the AOP framework can help researchers and decision makers in the nano community to identify KEs of regulatory relevance for the selection of targeted in vivo, in vitro or in silico assays, their design and development, the data generated from which can then be applied for prioritization of nanomaterials requiring further regulatory testing or to informing safe-by-design practices. The AOPs discussed in this review reflect only a few of the known pulmonary consequences of exposure to nanomaterials and thus, one route of exposure i.e., inhalation. At present, not all lung specific AOs potentially induced by nanomaterials are revealed and as more quality toxicity data becomes available, the list of AOPs describing inhalation toxicity of nanomaterials will expand. Parallel efforts are in place to construct AOPs of relevance to other routes of exposure to nanomaterials such as ingestion route. An additional emerging concern is that the nanotoxicology conducted in the last two decades has predominantly focused on simple first generation nanomaterials. The nanotechnology has evolved over this time period and a novel class of nanomaterials called ‘next generation nanomaterials’ or ‘advanced materials’, where one or more nanomaterials of different class and properties are complexed in a matrix, are introduced to the market and to the environment. Thus, the next important challenge for nano AOP enthusiasts is to determine how or can the existing AOPs relevant for the first generation nanomaterials be used to assess toxicity of next generation or advanced materials.
Given the enormous burden placed on regulatory agencies to assess and manage an ever growing list of nanomaterials of various classes and properties, optimization and validation of alternative toxicity testing strategies including in vitro, ex vivo, and in silico methods, that aim to reduce or refine the involvement of animal testing methods, has become mandatory. However, in a regulatory context, to be effective, an alternative approach is expected to include a suite of tests that target different components of the underlying toxicity mechanism using different endpoints and assays. In the absence of in depth understanding of the involved biology and the biology being assessed by the alternatives, this exercise can rapidly reach a chaotic proportion and the initial objectives of rapid or timely and effective toxicity assessment can be easily lost. This review presents an overview of the AOP framework and its importance as support tool for effective development of alternative toxicity testing strategies for nanomaterials. Various AOPs of relevance to inhalation toxicity of nanomaterials that are currently under various stages of development are summarized and an AOP-informed tiered alternative testing strategy is proposed for the assessment of lung fibrosis. The review builds a solid case to 1) demonstrate how inclusion of AOP thinking that allows the design of mechanism-informed assays targeting most critical events in the path of a disease helps progress assessment of nanomaterials for their potential to induce human health impacts and 2) demonstrate how combination of high-content data (omics) to inform the development of an AOP and the design of AOP-informed assays targeting multiple key events, will expedite the progress in this field. Lastly, a few of the important issues that have plagued the development of AOPs in general and continue to impact their development as relevant to nanotoxicity are discussed.
Availability of data and materials
Adverse outcome pathway
Extended Advisory Group on Molecular Screening and Toxicogenomics
High aspect ratio material
Human health risk assessment
Key event relationships
Molecular initiating event
Multi-walled carbon nanotube
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Reactive oxygen species
Serum Amyloid A
Working Party for Manufactured Nanomaterials
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We thank Drs. Nikolai Chepelov and Luna Rahman of Health Canada for the internal review and helpful comments.
Funding for this project was received by Health Canada’s Genomics Research and Development Initiative, by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant No. 686098 (SmartNanoTox), and Grant No 760813 (PATROLS), Danish Centre for Nanosafety II and FFIKA, Focused Research Effort on Chemicals in the Working Environment from the Danish Government.
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Halappanavar, S., van den Brule, S., Nymark, P. et al. Adverse outcome pathways as a tool for the design of testing strategies to support the safety assessment of emerging advanced materials at the nanoscale. Part Fibre Toxicol 17, 16 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-020-00344-4
- Novel alternative methods
- Lung fibrosis
- Adverse outcome pathway networks
- Lung cancer
- Acute inhalation toxicity
- Atherosclerotic plaque formation
- Lung emphysema
- Occupational hazards | {
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Eamonn McGrath has been an audit partner Ernst & Young LLP for over 25 years and has worked with FTSE 100 and FTSE 250 clients, as well as other listed and unlisted audit clients. He is a member of the assurance practice Professional Standards Panel.
He was appointed UK Head of Regulatory & Public Policy in 2015. Eamonn also joined the UK Board of EY at that date. In his new Regulatory & Public Policy role Eamonn engages with our key stakeholders; regulators, public policy makers, investors and other interested parties.
Eamonn remains an active audit partner with a portfolio of clients. Following a NEDonBoard panel evening, we asked Eamonn about what makes an effective board of directors.
What are the most effective boardroom behaviours you have witnessed ?
I would certainly start with constructive challenging, but one where people are treating each other with respect. The chairman sets the tone, and if it’s a poor chairman then people will be treated with disrespect [and perhaps a] curt manner. You’ll find non-executives trying to do executives’ jobs, trying to be the second FD.
So, I think what one needs to do is have the non-executives allowing the execs to do their work, but as I say, constructively challenging them.
How does this affect the corporate culture of an organisation?
If the tone is set at the top by the board then that filters all the way down through the organisation. An organisation is made of a lot of micro cultures. Your boss’s boss / your boss, whether or not you’re in the Manchester office or the London Head Office, will set your culture. But he’ll get his guidance, or her guidance, from the board, and I think that starts with the Chief Executive. So, if the Chief Executive is there to run the company and the Chairman is there to run the board then the Chief Executive sets the culture.
How can boards ensure that they are covering key factors in their organisation?
You have to start with the purpose of the company and its strategy – the risks are those that would cause the strategy to fail, [and] the principle risks, those that would call into doubt the success of the business. And as a consequence of which, they’re the ones that need to be tested and reviewed during any risk assessment process.
What is the importance of an effective audit committee?
An effective audit committee needs at least somebody who’s financially literate, so they understand the numbers that they’re seeing. But also [importantly], they are there, as I’ve said before, to constructively challenge particularly the finance team in this perspective. (Not to do their job for them, but to make sure that they’re doing their job.) And in that regard, getting comfort that the risks are being managed, [and] the process and control of them are in place to support the strategy.
In looking for non-executive director roles, it’s important to know what value you bring to a board, and what particular experience and expertise a specific board is looking to cover. The definition effectiveness in the boardroom has dramatically changed over the last decade and recruiting and developing directors who go well beyond basic needs is the secret to building high performing boards. If you want to raise your NED career to the next level, please visit: www.NEDonBoard.com | {
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Conor McDermott spoke at the 'Addiction - An Honest Conversation' event hosted by the Old Library Trust last week. Pic by Jim McCafferty.
Conor McDermott is just a few weeks away from celebrating one whole year without gambling. The former Derry City and current Cliftonville defender has turned his life around in that time and has spoken openly about his struggles with addiction since.
Last Wednesday night, as part of ‘Addiction – An Honest Conversation’, held at St. Cecilia’s College, Conor revealed his journey into ‘the darkness of addiction’ and how one significant incident opened his eyes to how lost he had become.
The first bet
“I had my first bet at 16. I remember one day I walked out the back gates of the College with two of my muckers at the time. I walked right up to Shanty with them and they were on about doing a football bet for that night. I actually never stepped foot in the bookies that day but they went in for me. I had a fair idea of how it worked, I wasn’t stupid. I stuck a pound on a bet and I remember watching the teams coming in that night and thinking ‘This is unbelievable’, turning £1 into £17. At that age it’s a lot of money. It was great the next day giving them the slip to go in, because I was still scared to go into the bookies at the time because I knew my ma and da were against it because of family problems before.
“They had talked to me about doing the right things in life. I was taught at a young age to do everything right and gambling was one of the things that they had mentioned not to do, along with drinking and drugs.
“That was the start of it for me. It didn’t take a grip on me straight away but over time as I became older, especially with getting more money working in the City Hotel and starting to play with Derry, things did start to get on top of me then. I was 18 and I was allowed in the bookies for a start. Things just took their toll.
“I always realise when I look back that when I went away for 8 months, that I do have an addictive personality. I remember looking back being addicted to my X-Box at the start, and I only realised when I went away that was something that had taken control of me because I was missing days of school for that and missing football because I was playing an X-Box up to four and five in the morning. So that was the start of it, realizing that I had that addictive personality. If I could go back today, I wouldn’t make that first bet but things just spiralled out of control.
“I would bet my wages away every month from the City Hotel and every month from the football, and I was just losing everything I had basically. I was 18 and coming towards the end of 2016 was the first time that my family had to pull me out of trouble. I took loans out online and it was the first time that they knew about it. I had borrowed money as well from some close friends of my ma and da’s and my brother as well and that’s how it came to a head, because they threatened to go and tell what was happening.
“Everything kind of got worse after that. I went clean for a few months but I never really wanted to change things, I never really wanted to stop betting. I only did it because my father had control of my finances and had control of certain things which stopped me from gambling at the time.
“Gamblers and addicts find a way and I found a way to manipulate that system that my family had put on me. I covered up and manipulated everyone around me just to be able to get a bet on. I started gambling again halfway through 2017 with a small bet of a fiver on the way to a football match. By the end of 2017 I owed money out and had got myself into debt. That kind of spiral kept repeating itself every single year.
“There was always a breaking point every single year because I would basically run out of options. There was nowhere to turn to and I had no other options to get money and no other option to get out of the situation. Every year my family would be the ones I called upon. For a few times they did bail me out, but there was one time, in 2020 they said no for the first time. They told me they wouldn’t bail me out so I was thinking ‘What am I going to do?’
“I went and spoke to Cliftonville and Cliftonville bailed me out. I didn’t want to stop gambling when I was doing it but I had no other option. That circle as I said just kept repeating and repeating.”
‘The biggest mistake of my life’
The end of 2020, December and January were the worst two months of my life because I had done so many bad things to my family and my friends and people around me. I had lied and borrowed from every single person around me. In January, this time last year it was the breaking point in my life. It was the point where I made probably the biggest mistake, but looking back on it now it was probably the best thing that ever happened me.
“I stole £12,5000 from my mother. People will probably thing ‘How did you ever get to that point?’, but I had no other option basically at that time. I’m not proud of what I done, but I wouldn’t change it because it was the real point that my family really woke up to how bad I was. At the time I was numb and I didn’t really care what I done. I just wanted out of the situation that I was in. I was getting threatened, I was getting threatened with my football, that I would never play again.
“People were coming to the door and all those scary things were happening in my life. When I took the money, I was just glad that they kind of thing was sorted. I had the big problem with my mammy finding out. I knew she would find out and I knew that there was no way she wouldn’t see it. It was a lot of money.
“The three weeks in January when I had taken the money, I was basically laying up in my bed for three weeks; I had stopped playing football. I basically shut down my life. Those were the worst three weeks I ever had on my life. I was numb. The feeling of anxiety I had every day waking up ‘What time is she going to find out? When is she going to look at her bank? When is it going to come?’
"When I think back on those moments now – I’m proud now of where I’m at, but I know I can never let myself get to that stage where I am laying in my bed every day, giving up on my life, my family, my football and everything that was there for me.
“When she found out, she showed me tremendous love. She forgave me, and at the time I was just glad that she didn’t go as mad as she did because I was just at the stage where I was empty as well. She forgave me straight away but she told me ‘Conor, we need to sort this problem out really because no son should ever do that to their mother, especially after all these years of love and everything she had given me’.
“I remember ringing the community centre, the Cenacolo programme that I went to and a mucker of mines Keith; I contacted him every day and we stayed in touch to start the process. We started meetings and I thought I would go away and do three times, but deep down I didn’t really want to change anything. I was just happy that it was just a couple of months of rehab, and I would be back out again and everything would be grand. I remember saying to a mucker ‘I’ve got away with one again’.
“Another thing happened after that – my brother found out what I had done and he took control then and kicked me out of the house, so I had to stay at a mucker’s house for a week. It’s those moments as well that I know I can never go back to those stages when I’m not in my own family’s home for the bad reasons.
“Now I want to live on my own because it’s time to grow up. I got thrown out of the house and that week away and being out of the house was a reality check because it was the first time that someone really dealt with it in that way. Ahead of my last meeting with the community my brother gave me an ultimatum ‘If you come back to the house, I take your phone off you, I take everything off you, you are living by my rules now’. This was two weeks before I entered the community. It’s a process where they want to make sure you’re right before you go in there. So, on the way home from Dublin I said ‘Aye, I give up everything for the first time’. I held my hands up and I think that was a big thing, letting someone else take control, because usually, us, as addicts, we’re in control of everything.
“I probably would have found out of it and found another way of not going to rehab and not sorting my life out, so I thank him for doing that as well. So, I went back home I had no phone and no contact with the outside world for three weeks before I went in. So, I went away to Knock down south for three and a half months. The first month was probably the hardest because I wasn’t there for myself – I was there just to please my family, just because I had no other option because my brother had taken control of everything and he was threatening the police and stuff and I didn’t want to go down that route.
“The first month was the toughest, and I spoke about this on the podcast, but I had the turning point where I saw a lot of wains running around at Easter time and I saw a lot of happy families. It really opened my eyes up to what life was about in that moment. They really showed me that there is more to life and that addicts can change their life around. It is possible. I remember speaking to a few of them and asking how they stuck it so long, because lads go and do six months, 12 months, a year and a half or two years and some lads don’t leave.
“It just depends on what you need and what you want to do with your life. I spoke to them and a couple of family members down there and we got a fair idea of what to do, just how to stick with the programme and trust in it basically.
“After a month or so the feelings came back and I started to really hurt for what I had done then. The emptiness went away and I started to feel what life was about. It became harder because you start to hurt for things that you done to your ma, that you done to your friends, that you done to people. Having to heal from that took a long time. That’s why I stayed away for so long because it took me a good six or seven months to really come to terms with everything that I had done and the person I became. I became someone that I wasn’t and I became someone that was just lost in the darkness of addiction basically.
“It was hard to accept that, it was hard to accept the person that I became, but I knew deep down that there was a good person there. I went away and I stuck at the programme and I got transferred over to Italy then after three and a half months, and that was the experience of a lifetime really, to meet thousands of addicts trying to change their life, thousands of people who came from different backgrounds, living on the streets, to gamblers, to heroin addicts to people with depression. I think the life lessons I learned over there are something I can never forget. It’s something that’s going to stick in my mind every single day.
“It's motivation too because one bad decision for me and I’m back to square one basically. I’m coming up in a few weeks to a year without a bet and I never thought I would say that. It’s going to be a proud moment for me. The person I was a year ago, he’s always going to be there because addiction will follow you for the rest of your life, but he’s put on the back burner for now and for the rest of my life and I just have to be aware of falling into bad habits and falling into traps, and be aware if my environment and stuff. They all shape you as well and one bad decision will take me back to square one so it’s just about staying on top of everything.”
The ‘Addiction – An Honest Conversation’ event was hosted by the Old Library Trust, and was funded by the Executive Office NI’s ‘Communities in Transition’ programme, in partnership with the Bogside and Brandywell Health Forum.
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U K, G?: the electronic music collectives opening up conversations around mental health
Sticky Tapes, eott and Don’t Keep Hush tell Jack Ramage how they’re helping to shift perceptions around wellbeing in dance music
The stigma surrounding mental health has drastically changed over the last decade, with people beginning to realise how important it is to talk about their issues. Unfortunately, the Covid-19 pandemic has fuelled the fire, with loneliness and isolation rates soaring and NHS services stretched razor-thin. In the music industry, nine in 10 musicians reported their mental health has deteriorated since the pandemic began in the spring of 2020. As a reaction to this, some dance music collectives are working to raise funds for mental health support, and awareness of how people’s lives have been impacted.
Hey, do you need someone to talk to?
‘Hey, do you need someone to talk to?’ is the seventh compilation mix from the label Sticky Tapes, a physical mix series with all proceeds going to charity. Explaining the influence behind the name, Theo Giles, founder of Sticky Tapes, who DJs as Theo Everyday, says the compilation was “born from a place of suffering from mental health issues”. Theo wanted to make a project which would “provoke reflection” and “open up” the conversation surrounding mental health.
Released in October 2021, the digital-only six-track compilation features Elle Murphy, Picasso, IN2STELLAR, Kitsta, PRAYER, Tim Reaper and Theo Everyday. It’s being sold on Bandcamp, with proceeds split between The Samaritans, SANEline and Switchboard. A run of 500 posters was put up across London to advertise the compilation, featuring rip tickets with the phone numbers of the charity helplines. The posters also featured a QR code that directed people to the NHS website, where they could get support.
“This was a nice personal touch for me,” Theo continues, “because although I’ve dealt with mental health problems since I was 16 years old, it was only in the last year that I was convinced by a friend to go on that site and get help for my anxiety.” So far, the project has raised over £300, which Theo admits “isn’t a massive amount of money”, but he hopes it will bring awareness to the charities for those in the dance music scene.
U K, G?
Another community group making waves is eott, which is working to normalise mental health through “music, media and words”. Founded by Morgan Lethbridge and Isaac Quine in October 2019, it’s best known for its ‘u k, g?’ campaign, a series of clothing drops and events that raises money for charities and mental health awareness.
“In essence, it’s inspiring people to open up to their mates,” Isaac explains. “We hope the name acts as a reminder to check up on not only our g’s, but our brothers, our sisters, our bredrins, our lovers and so on. We want to create a community: something that people see and really resonate with, something that people want to be a part of.”
They’ve been doing well in their mission, raising over £5,000 through a number of drops. So far, this has supported Brighton food banks; the LGBTQ+ mental health charity, MindOut; Brighton-based music charity, Audio Active; and the Music4Minds project, which supports marginalised young creatives through workshops and events.
The campaign has also collaborated with clothing brand KRUDD, with the help of MC Bru-C, to raise £1,199 for the NHS, and partnered with the events company Beastwang, co-hosting a Keep Hush party, which raised £568 for MusicMindsMatter.
Don’t Keep Hush
Taking influence from eott is Don’t Keep Hush. It’s run by Fred Conybeare — founder of UK music event and livestream Keep Hush, who DJs as FredCC — and Vanessa Maria, a DJ and psychology graduate. They created the platform in May 2021 to raise mental health awareness through music.
“We haven’t quite nailed down what Don’t Keep Hush is yet, it took me seven years and a team to do that with Keep Hush,” FredCC says frankly. “But basically, it’s an initiative to normalise and open up conversations around mental health. That doesn’t mean speaking publicly on social media. It means opening up to a friend, family member or even a stranger.”
FredCC remembers how mentally challenging his school years were, struggling to fit in with his peers and experiencing low self-esteem. This eventually developed into anxiety and depression. “Fifteen years later, I eventually built up the courage to talk, and from then onwards, I began growing stronger,” he tells us.
Vanessa mentions how, at times, her anxiety and depression have stunted her creatively. “Since getting into the music industry, I’ve always wanted to merge the two together,” she says.
To do this, Don’t Keep Hush has been community building and fundraising through events and non-profit merch drops. Its recent campaign raised £1,300 for Black Minds Matter, a charity that connects Black individuals and families with free mental health services through Black therapists.
This past October, Don’t Keep Hush also threw its first party at Peckham venue Tola, with a stacked lineup featuring Nia Archives, Mal, Helana Star, NIKS, Lousie Chen, Oneman, Toshiki Ohta and Freddy Masters, alongside FredCC and Vanessa Maria. Don’t Keep Hush also sold tees and hoodies at the event, with proceeds going towards Black Minds Matter.
The impact of the pandemic
“The NHS has been over-saturated because of Covid-19,” says Morgan. “It’s stretched the healthcare system massively.” In August 2021, The Guardian reported that an estimated eight million people in England were not considered “sick enough” to receive mental health care, due to new measures brought in to save NHS resources. This is on top of the official waiting list for NHS mental health care, which stood at 1.6 million people in August 2021.
These projects aren’t able to ease the stress put on the NHS, but emphasising the need to check in with your mates — as well as raising money for charities that support those in crisis — is just as important.
“The lockdowns restricted people, especially in the music industry,” Theo highlights. “People weren’t able to socialise, network, make friends and talk about new releases. These are things people live for. When that was taken away, it really impacted a lot of people’s mental wellbeing.
“It’s something I believe everyone struggles with, but is often afraid to talk about,” he continues. “It’s a really supportive industry and community, but when you’re on your own because of lockdown, lost in your own thoughts and constantly having to back your own ideas, it can be tough.”
But to what extent can these projects make a difference? And do they offer a tangible solution to the problem? Theo argues that to ask such a question would be missing the point of these projects entirely: they’re just a cog in the machine, trying to make a small yet meaningful difference, in a multi-layered, massive problem.
“The word ‘difference’ is hard to categorise,” Theo says. “Of course, with the amount of money we’re raising, we’re not going to be able to fix the problem ourselves, but that doesn’t mean it’s not meaningful. Even if one person sees the posters we’ve put up and reflects on their own situation, rips a number from the bottom of the poster and calls a helpline, that makes a difference in itself. Even if we’re letting people know the names of the charity, giving them exposure, that’s important too.”
Morgan points to how the ‘u k, g?’ campaign is “focused on individual action — whether that be asking your mate how they are, or just taking some time to reflect on yourself. I think that’s something attainable for a small brand like ourselves.”
Vanessa agrees: Don’t Keep Hush are trying to change the culture around mental health — at least within dance music — to make it more accessible. “We hope to build a supportive, open, safe community for people in music,” she says. “Education, honesty and shifting the culture is key. Music brings people together, it’s healing and unifying.”
Issac argues that even selling merchandise can be an important part of that process. “It’s a tangible item that makes you feel part of a community,” he notes, likening the merch to wearing a football shirt to a game. “The tone and language used is crucial,” Morgan says; the campaign was designed to sound “as if you’ve just been texted by a mate”. He draws attention to how mental health-minded crews are cutting into a new demographic. “No disrespect to any other large mental health charities, like MIND or CALM, they’re doing an amazing, incredible job. I just think what we’re doing reaches this particular crowd, the dance music crowd.”
What help do these groups offer in practical terms? Vanessa argues that these mental health-focused collectives are rooted in community, trusted by the people they work with. Although they don’t offer clinical support — and those experiencing mental health issues should contact professional healthcare — that doesn’t mean to say that these types of organisations don’t have a role in supporting mental health.
“User-led interventions, which typically exist outside of clinical environments, are able to offer significant and effective levels of support,” Vanessa explains. “We hope to build a supportive, open and safe community for people in music, and in doing so change the narrative surrounding mental health.”
“It’s an easy trap to fall into,” Theo admits, reflecting on how best to provide meaningful support for an audience — not just mental health buzzwords that possess little substance. “It’s multifaceted. The bottom line is that we don’t consider our project to offer that kind of support. While we’re here anytime for anyone who wants to chat, we’re focused on raising money for, and drawing attention to, people who can offer professional support.”
Theo notes that it was equally important to be “mindful” when planning the project and not “just ride on the fact that it’s a mental health campaign”. To address this, he tried to “promote their self-image and branding as little as possible” during the campaign — with just a small logo and emphasis being placed on the helplines available.
What is next for them all? Theo has big plans for his non-profit label, continuing to release the successful cassette mix series and sample packs for charity. Don’t Keep Hush aims to expand into workshops, fundraising activities and a walking club. Following a recent collaboration with UKF, eott has ambitious goals to expand into a mental health education multimedia platform — “kind of like VICE, but for mental health”. Similar to how mental health discourse is evolving, so too is this pocket of the dance music community.
Copyright Thrust Publishing Ltd. Permission to use quotations from this article is granted subject to appropriate credit being given to www.djmag.com as the source. | {
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Kenzi Foxx is back for more. More for her and more for you. Today, this 50-year-old wife and mom shows off her big, fake tits and pierced nipples (“Do you like my piercings?” she asks), sweet ass and pink, gaping pussy with one of the biggest clits in 50PlusMILFs.com.
Thursday, Kenzi is a schoolgirl. “A schoolgirl?” you might ask. “She’s 50!” Okay, she’s an escort in a porno schoolgirl outfit who convinces a john that older women are better than young girls at sucking dick and fucking. But you already knew that.
“I hear quite often how good my pussy feels,” Kenzi said.
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Deliver me?………or………Glorify Yourself!
One morning I was sitting across from Ray in a local restaurant. As we discussed various issues in our community and ministry we came to the subject of the trials that are common to all of us. Ray then asked the question “What is our response to trial? Is it deliver me? Or is it Glorify Yourself? He then related the passage of scripture in John 12:27-28. “Now my heart is troubled, and what shall I say? ‘Father, save me from this hour?’ No, it was for this very reason I came to this hour. Father, glorify your name!”
There are many situations in life where our hearts are troubled. It may be in facing the reality of a trial in the future or in the trial itself. It may be due to the failure or impending failure of a relationship, lack of employment, or job uncertainty. It may arise from severe health issues, financial burdens and even the seemingly overwhelming demands on our time. What is our first response to these trials? Is it deliver me? Or is it Glorify Yourself?
Jesus recognized that the trial He was facing was from the Father, and that all aspects of the trial were under the Father’s control. He knew, furthermore, that the trial had a purpose. That purpose was for the Father’s Glory. He says in John 17:4 “I have brought you glory on earth by completing the work you gave me to do.” In Isaiah 43:7 we read that we were created for the Father’s glory. All His work in and through us, including our trials and troubles are for this purpose. And how is He glorified in these trials? We read in John 15:8 the following. “Herein is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit; so shall ye be my disciples.” (KJV) The Lord leads us into situations in life where there are opportunities for His Spirit to transform the lives of others. We read about this in II Corinthians 4:11. “For we who are alive are always being given over to death for Jesus‘ sake, so that his life may be revealed in our mortal body.” This is the activity of His Spirit. The attitude of our spirit in agreement with this is found in the preceding verse, II Corinthians 4:10. “ We always carry around in our body the death of Jesus, so that the life of Jesus may also be revealed in our body.” This attitude does not primarily declare “Deliver me,” but rather declares “Glorify Yourself!”
It was my opportunity to see God glorified in the life of a friend and his family within the last year. Despite an overwhelming infection with severe pain, his attitude was one of total dependence upon the Lord. He and his family used every opportunity to visit with nurses, doctors, as well as with other patients. The resultant disability led them to a Rehabilitation Hospital, where they continued to minister to all who came to see them. It was my privilege to be ministered to by them on numerous occasions. Their testimony of God’s continued Grace in their lives had an impact on many. Ultimately, after a number of months, the Lord did provide deliverance from the infection and its complications. Psalm 50:15 (KJV) states. “And call upon me in the day of trouble: I will deliver thee, and thou shalt glorify me.” Their remembrance of this prolonged course of illness was not centered, however, on the pain and disability. It was focused on the lives that the Lord had touched during those months. The Lord had been glorified through their trust in Him.
I also recall a young man whom I initially met as a patient and who later became a friend. He was paralyzed from the neck down while serving as a youth counselor. His dreams and aspirations of being a pastor and full time Christian worker were shattered. As he shared the story with me, he related that a few days following the accident he was told that he would never be able to walk again, or be able to have any feeling below the upper chest area. He would have limited shoulder motion but no ability to use his hands. Throughout those early days there had been hope and prayer for deliverance from the result of the injury. But as the news sunk in that night he said that he asked the Lord, “How is it possible to serve you when I am like this for the rest of my life?” “What do I do now?” He then related that the Lord immediately reminded him of three verses in I Thessalonians which are as follows. “Rejoice evermore. Pray without ceasing. In everything give thanks for this is the will of God in Christ Jesus concerning you.” (I Thessalonians 5:16-18 KJV) As he told me this story, I thought to myself “Wow, that is a tall order!” But as he explained his life since that time, he told how the Lord had patiently, and lovingly given him opportunities daily to rejoice, to pray, and to give thanks. God was being glorified in his life. He later became a Christian counselor and served the Lord for many years. His life was a living testimony that glorifying the Lord was not dependent upon his own deliverance.
Our oldest daughter was diagnosed last year with an aggressive malignancy requiring extensive surgery and a prolonged course of chemotherapy every three weeks. Shortly before the last chemotherapy treatment she sat down near us and said that there were so many needs to pray for regarding herself, her family and her future that she did not know where to begin. She then stated that she had determined to pray “that God would be glorified in this,” “I can’t go wrong there!”
We will all come to situations in our lives that are distressful, painful, trying, or troubling to us. It is not wrong to pray that God would deliver us. Indeed, He expects us to look to Him for deliverance from any trial or trouble we face. But is that all we pray for? Are we able to look beyond the temporal to that which is unseen where God is working in our lives and the lives of others to Glorify Himself? By His Grace, may He help us to also pray “Glorify Yourself!” as we face the trials and troubles of this life.
In Christ, Richard Spann | {
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Annetta wants to run away, Giacomo is destined to make it far. Their encounter will change the history of music for ever.
Based on a true story.
Milan, 1904. In a bohemian tavern the light is on few characters: a young Giacomo Puccini - who has just come out from the disastrous Madama Butterfly premiere – the painters Carlo and Luigi, the anarchist Filippo, the writer Oreste, the landlord Goffredo and his daughter Annetta, soon to be Puccini's muse.
New York, 1910. The premiere of “La fanciulla del West” is successful. Giacomo is overwhelmed by cheering in the backstage. His friends, to whom Giacomo paid travel, food and lodging for, joined him. They celebrate, Giacomo and Annetta have the chance to spend the night together.
The following events are shown in a compressed timeline, including Giacomo’s success and the life of Annetta and Oreste, the world war and other historical events.
Milan, 1920. It’s been ten years. The movie ends in the same tavern in Milan, run now by Annetta: she takes care of his father's business after he passed away. She's married now, with Oreste, and they have a 10-year child who could be Giacomo's son. In the tavern Giacomo Puccini shows up and one after the other, all of his friends appear, excited about Puccini’s great comeback. Giacomo will die 4 years later, they are meeting for the last time. | {
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Famous Filipino Scientists 1. Ramon Cabanos Barba - for his outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippine mangoes 2. Josefino Cacas Comiso - for his works on observing the characteristics of Antarctica by using satellite images 3. Jose Bejar Cruz Jr. - known internationally in the field of electrical engineering; was elected as officer of the famous Institute of Electrical and. Some Filipino Scientists: 1. Ramon Cabanos Barba - for his outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippine mangoes. 2. Josefino Cacas Comiso - for his works on observing the characteristics of Antarctica by using Satellite images. 3 For his outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippine mangoes. A renowned Filipino- American neonatologist, scientist and researcher. Meconium drugs testing. Doctor Gregorio Velasquez is a distinguished scientist in Philippine phycology. Gregorio Velasquez spending over thirty years researching myxophyceae which is bluegreen algae
For his outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippine mangoes. Invented techniques to promote crop flowering using a potassium nitrate spray. was proclaimed a National Scientist of the Philippines in June 201 Born 1939. Ramon Barba is a well-known Filipino scientist, especially to agriculturally involved individuals in the Philippines for contributing towards advancements in the mango industry. He developed a process that caused the flowering and fruiting of mango trees three times a year, instead on once a year, so dramatically improving yields. In 2013 Ramon Barba [ Filipino scientist who researched on the tissue culture of Philippine Mango. Josefino Cacas Comiso. Filipino scientist who observed the characteristics of Antarctica using satellite images. Jose Bejar Cruz Jr. Filipino scientist who is known for being an outstanding educator and graph theories Meet these 8 outstanding Filipino scientists, listed below in alphabetical order: Lucille Abad Senior science research specialist and chief of the Chemistry Research Section, Philippine Nuclear. identified ten outstanding Filipino scientists. ramon cabanos barba josefino cacas comiso jose befar cruz jr ramon cabanos barba. outstanding research on tissue culture of philippine mangoes. josefino cacas comiso. works on observing the characteristics of antarctica by using satellite images research on tilapia culture. enrique mapua.
National Scientist. In recognition of his significant and outstanding scientific and technological contributions to Philippine Agriculture including the discovery of a very effective and practical flower induction treatment which is considered as the most significant breakthrough in mango research in the country Filipino Scientist and their Inventions. Arturo Alcaraz. Doctor Arturo Alcaraz is a volcanologist specializing in geothermal energy development. In 1967, Arturo Alcaraz and team powered an electric light bulb using steam-powered electricity. Power coming from a Volcano near the town of Tiwi. This was the first geothermal power generated in the. Beginning of formal science and technology known now Identify several Filipino scientists. 2. Research on their contributions in the field of science 3. Examine what made them pursue a career in science. Ramon Cabanos Barba- for his outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippine mangoes. 2 Curiosity, teen prestige, fantasy; for science majors. For career scientists; livelihood, money. Most scientists in the west are inspired by writing a book and making a living from the royalties and working for a prestigious resesrch university. D..
FIELD OF SCIENCE FILIPINO SCIENTIST AND THEIR OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTIONS IN SCIENCE 1. RAMON CABANOS BARBA • Outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippine mangoes 2. JOSEFINO CACAS COMISO • For his works on observing the characteristics of Antarctica by using satellite images 3. JOSE BEJAR CRUZ JR FILIPINO SCIENTIST AND T HEIR CONTRIBUTIONS: RAMON CABANAS BARBA ( born Augu st 31, 1939, San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte) Filipino in vent or and horticulturist bes t known f or in venting a w ay t o induce mor e flower s. in mango trees using ethr el and potassium nitr at e. Barba was pro claimed a National Scientist of t he. Philippines in June 2014
If you mention tissue culture in Hawai'i, many will immediately relate to Mike Tanabe. Professor Tanabe's contribution and influence is evidenced by many of his former students who are now entrepreneurial owners, laboratory supervisors, and laboratory technicians in firms involved in tissue culture. After four decades of outstanding service. . Filipinos have made a remarkable presence on a global scale. The Philippine Overseas Employment Administration reported that as of December 2013, the total population of Filipinos who worked and resided in other parts of the globe has reached whopping 10,238,614. Truly, Filipinos are conquering the planet in terms of presence-but not just. ROBERTO E. CORONEL The Sherlock Holmes of Plants 1 By Corazon A. Ong He never dreamt of a career in agriculture, but today, research professor Roberto E. Coronel has fruitful life discovering little known plants endemic to the Philippines and propagating them. The fruit-and-nut expert at the Institute of Plant Breeding in UP Los Baños Pride of Philippine science. () - October 1, 2009 - 12:00am. MANILA, Philippines - Scientists greatly help in the economic development of a country. In the Philippines, we have a number of.
. It considers how social, political, and cultural values. It is a matter of astonishment to many that the luscious mango, Mangifera indica L., one of the most celebrated of tropical fruits, is a member of the family Anacardiaceae-notorious for embracing a number of highly poisonous plants.The extent to which the mango tree shares some of the characteristics of its relatives will be explained further on Ramon Barba, a world-renowned scientist known for his invention of flower induction of mango trees, among other great discoveries, is a perfect example of being able to apply one's interests and. Ramon Cabanos Barba is a Filipino inventor and horticulturist best known for inventing a way to induce more flowers in mango trees using ethrel and potassium nitrate. Background The son of lawyer Juan Madamba Barba and Lourdes Cabanos of Ilocos Norte, Barba was born the youngest of four siblings on August 31, 1939
Cruz spent 25 years of research for his winning cashew nut preparation known as Dewart and Demole. Seno has four US and four Philippine patents under his name.-The University of the Philippines developed an anti-cough medicine (Ascof) and a diuretic (Releaf) from Philippine herbs lagundi and sambong, respectively 2019 Most Outstanding Professionals. For his distinguished contribution in the field of Accountancy, Tax and Law, and for his exemplary service in his various roles such as Chairman and Managing Partner of SyCip Gorres Velayo & Co., regional executive for Ernst and Young Global, Chairman and President for the SGV Foundation, Inc., Atty. Cirilo.
Personal Life. Dioscoro L. Umali who is also known as Diosing, DLU and Jack was born on the 17th of November, 1917 at Biñan, Laguna. He is known to be the Father of Philippine Plant Breeding. He specialized in the breeding of rice, corn, abaca, and mussaenda. In his early age, he was already open to a less fortunate life . Raw mango consists of about 81.7% water, 17% carbohydrate, 0.5% protein, 0.3% fat, and 0.5% ash. A 100 g (3.5 oz) serving of raw mango has 65 calories and about half the vitamin C found in oranges. Mango contains more vitamin A than most fruits
Lunasin's biological and cancer-preventive activity was discovered by a Filipino doctor during his post-doctoral research --- Dr. Alfredo Galvez in Dr. Benito de Lumen's (another Filipino doctor) laboratory in the University of California - Berkeley in 1997 The story of Dr. Ramon Barba's discovery of the chemical that helped launched Philippine mangoes in the international market is one for the books. This very same chemical also launched his career in plant physiology, and ultimately, helped pave the way for him to be called a National Scientist. Dr. Ramon Barba, at 74, clearly [
. Salvador's team won the coveted Most Outstanding Research and Development Award given by the Philippine Council for Advanced Science and Technology-Department of Science.. Salvador earned his bachelor's degree in Physics, cum laude, from the University of the Philippines in May 1983 Barba received his B.S. in Agriculture from the University of the Philippines. He obtained his M.Sc. in Horticulture from the University of Georgia and his Ph.D. in Horticulture from the University of Hawaii. Dr. Edgardo D. Gomez, Ph.D. - Gomez is most known for his research and conservation efforts in invertebrate biology and ecology
These mangoes could only be the result of the exemplary work and research done by Filipino scientist Dr. Hernani G. Golez - the Philippines' top expert in the development of the fruit industry, particularly the high-value crop mango, and the most awarded researcher in the field of mango pest management and production And if it does work, a water-powered car would be a fantastic invention. * Pedro Escuro. Filipino scientist, Pedro Escuro is best known for his isolation of nine rice varieties. The Pedro Escuro rice varieties are: Milpal 4, HBD-2, Azmil 26 and C-22 and C-18, C4-63, C4-137, C-168 and C-12. * Agapito Flores. Filipino Scientist Whichever the case, since they are required to give a copy of their research to a suitable Philippine government agencies, then the Philippine government agencies must have ample amount of information. So you see what the problem is: the difficulty of seeking research studies about Philippine settings done by Filipino researchers The first American social scientist to do research work in China in 1979, Mosher is the head of the Population Research Institute (www.pop.org); he's a leading, if controversial, international. Cine Europa Going Strong On It's 19th Year This Sept 2016! MANILA, Philippines — In celebration 25 years of the European Union Delegation to the Philippines and the friendship between the EU and the Philippines, Cine Europa is highlighted this year by a strong lineup of Filipino filmmakers who have earned a niche in Europe and in other countries
. This variety originated from Philippines and is also popular in Mexico and Cuba. This small fiberless fruit was introduced to Florida from Cuba. In Mexico, it is known as Manila, in Philippines - as Carabo. The flesh is soft, melting, and has a sweet rich flavor, with an aroma typical of the Indo-Chinese types, it is very different. Elke K. Arendt, Emanuele Zannini, in Cereal Grains for the Food and Beverage Industries, 2013 3.5.2 Cakes. Rice cakes are made in many cultures and have a wide range of processing and product characteristics. The Filipino rice cake, puto, is consumed daily as a breakfast, dessert or snack food. The product is made from rice that is soaked overnight, ground and mixed with sugar and coconut milk For his contributions in the field of horticulture, Dr. Antonio Acedo Jr. won the Manuel V. Quisumbing Award in 2002, as well as the Agricultural and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) Best R&D Paper Award in the 14 th National Research Symposium organized by the Bureau of Agricultural Research in 2003. Today, Dr. Acedo teaches at Leyte State.
culture A batch of cells, which can be microorganisms or of animal or plant origin, that are grown under specific conditions of nutrient levels, temperature, pH, oxygen levels, osmotic factors, light, pressure, and water content. Cultures of cells are prepared in the laboratory for a wide spectrum of scientific research The Philippine-American Academy of Science & Engineering (PAASE) is a non-profit organization composed of scientists and engineers of Philippine descent who have distinguished themselves in scholarly and research related activities. PAASE was founded and incorporated in the US State of Indiana on April 23, 1980 Dr. Cumagun, Professor 12 and UP Scientist III at the Crop Protection Cluster-College of Agriculture, is known for his work in identifying, controlling and managing plant pathogenic fungi in both. Layanan gratis Google secara instan menerjemahkan kata, frasa, dan halaman web antara bahasa Inggris dan lebih dari 100 bahasa lainnya
Ramon Cabanos Barba. September 10, 2019 ·. Barba's proposals for inducing flowering in mango were numerous at first. His techniques proved effective, with 400 trees aged 10-12 years old flowering within one week to one month of first being sprayed with potassium nitrate. Like Comment Share Young Research's Awards at Dermatology Summit 2021 for the Nomination: Young Researcher Forum - Outstanding Masters/Ph.D./Post Doctorate thesis work Presentation, only 25 presentations acceptable at the Dermatology Summit 2021 young research forum. Benefits. Young Scientist Award recongination certificate and memento to the winners Garry Nolan is part of Stanford Profiles, official site for faculty, postdocs, students and staff information (Expertise, Bio, Research, Publications, and more). The site facilitates research and collaboration in academic endeavors Orich healthy Tropics. ABOUT US Orich International Trader's Inc., or simply Orich, is a research and development, manufacturing and trading company specializing in the Food and Beverage industry producing quality products which are proudly Philippine made Established in 2003, Orich is a Filipino owned and operated Corporation belonging to the Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) with its.
Dr. Lourdes Cruz, favorably called by her students and colleagues as Maam Luly, is the formidable Conus Lady of the Philippines. TheNational Scientist and outstanding researcher with extensive publications in ISSI journals, was the former chair of the Department of Biochemistry of the UP College of Medicine answers Mabigay ng ilang mga bansa o lugar naimpluwensiyahan ng mga klasikong kabihasnan.naKabihasnang AfricaKabihasnang AmericaKabihasnangng mga Pulo sa Pacific.
Cal State LA student Janiella Cuala plans to develop a mentoring program in Guam for students interested in a STEM career When she was growing up in Guam, Janielle Cuala's favorite subject was science. But her family didn't consider that an appropriate field for a woman, so she set out to earn a degree in His numerous awards include the following: Ten Outstanding Youth Scientists of the Philippines (TOYS 1980); Outstanding Young Scientist (OYS 2004) in the field of Genetics; Crop Science Society of the Philippines Achievement Award for Crop Science Research (2004); Honorary Foreign Scientist of the Rural Development Administration (RDA) Award of. Grammarly keeps security at the heart of our product, infrastructure, and company operations. Learn more about our security practices.Grammarly's SOC 2 (Type 2) report attests to our enterprise-grade system and organization controls regarding security, privacy, availability, and confidentiality Ramon Barba was born on August 31, 1939. He was recognized because of his important and exceptional scientific and technological contributions to Philippine Agriculture. This includes the finding. The complex contains a laboratory for research, food processing and tissue culture. On the ground floor of the FARMCOOP office in Davao City the organization set up a ripening room to serve local banana buyers, and the fruit is now sold in major urban shopping centers and malls
Pateña is also an internationally-recognized scientist specializing on tissue culture of plants. Her studies have been recognized and adopted in other countries like Columbia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, among others. Among their first collaborations is the research on tissue culture of calamansi and pomelo in 1978 Also, in his senior year, he worked as a student assistant in the department at P80.00 a month - to help his parents. His job assignments were: 1) preparing specimens and culture media for bacteriology and the different plant pathology courses and 2) maintaining Mrs. Ella's rosé garden Christian is a go-getter. He is vibrant and brilliant in his ideas while making sure that things get done. Having known him in various circles we work in, I have seen his dedication to his work and after-work, too! As his former mentor during his Masters, I am proud to say that Christian will be a valuable asset wherever he goes
His 40-year career (1968-2008) as a dedicated scientist in the field has spanned more than 25 locally and/or foreign funded research projects which resulted to the production of 170 scientific and technical publications consisting of nine chapters in books, 70 articles in journals, conferences and symposia proceedings, 81 local publications. After 20 years of research, the scientists revealed that remote viewing is a scientific fact and almost anybody, with proper training, can do it successfully. Of course, many other mainstream. 10 Qs 11k plays. Graph - Angles. 19 slides 4k plays. Using Venn Diagrams to Study Set Operations. 20 Qs 8k plays. Math Assessment for Fractions. 19 Qs 1k plays. Area & Circumference. 16 Qs 272 plays
Emerita V. De Guzman, Ph. D. - recognized for her research on propagation of mutant macapuno and tissue culture technique for rapid propagation of abaca and banana; Angel C. Alcala, Ph. D. - known for conservation of coral reefs, mangroves, aquaculture studies in giant clams, mollusks and fishe The known universe is made up of 50,000,000,000 galaxies. There are between 100,000,000,000 and 1,000,000,000,000 stars in a normal galaxy. In the Milky Way alone there might be as many 100. War on cancer Asia 2020 will take place on March 26th 2019 in singapore. Go to 2020 event. The War on Cancer Asia Summit is part of our global initiative to catalyse fresh debate and drive progress in cancer control. The event will gather a diverse audience from the medical, practitioner, and provider communities, together with policymakers. It is also the site where José Rizal, one of the Philippine national heroes, was imprisoned before his execution in 1896. A statue of Dr. Rizal sits in the center of the area: José Rizal was a Filipino nationalist during the tail end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines
Food habits and taboos often restrict consumption of potentially good food sources of vitamin A, such as mangoes and green leafy vegetables. Culture-specific practices in the feeding of children, adolescents, and pregnant and lactating women are common (Chen, 1972; Johns et al., 1992; Mele et al., 1991) One of the most gregarious of fruit trees, the guava, Psidium guajava L., of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), is almost universally known by its common English name or its equivalent in other languages. In Spanish, the tree is guayabo, or guayavo, the fruit guayaba or guyava.The French call it goyave or goyavier; the Dutch, guyaba, goeajaaba; the Surinamese, guave or goejaba; and the Portuguese. The Philippine News Agency is a web-based newswire service of the Philippine government under the supervision of the News and Information Bureau (NIB) of the Presidential Communications Operations Office (PCOO)
February 18-March 8, 2014, Sacramento Fine Arts Center, 5330-B Gibbons Drive, Carmichael, CA 95608. Second Saturday Reception and Award Presentation - March 8, 2014, 5:30-8:30 pm. NOTE- MY 10 YEAR OLD GRAND DAUGHTER HAS BEEN ACCEPTED IN THIS SHOW. SHE WILL BE SHOWING THE FOLLOWING PHOTOGRAPHS The Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, founded in 1958, is located in Quezon City. and outstanding loans and purchases are not due to be retired until at least 2007. Jos é A. Estella (1870 - 1945) is the best-known Filipino composer. Filipino prizefighters have included two world champions, Pancho Villa. The balance will come from the Philippine Rice Research Institute. Aside from equipment and facilities, training and support will be provided to Filipino researchers in the field of biotechnology. The facility shall also host biotechnology programs on other priority crops such as corn, coconut, coffee, sugarcane, and banana The only promoter used in the transformation of papaya for various traits is the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter ().This constitutive promoter can drive high levels of transgene expression in both dicots and monocots 12., 13..From the first PRSV-resistant GM papaya developed in the early 1990s 5., 14. up to the present time, the CaMV 35S promoter continues to be the most common. The Cavite State University (CvSU) recently launched the Philippine Coffee Quality Center to complement the thrust of its Coffee Research and Development (R&D) Program. Titled Creating Growth.
Known as Jo to his colleagues, he worked at Warrington hospital for 18 years and has been described by staff as a kind, considerate gentleman who touched so many lives in so many different ways Influenced by the value and global impact of the Gender Summit, she is the co-organiser of Gender Summit Asia Pacific, 2019 (GS16), to be hosted in Singapore in August 2019.Lakshmi is affiliated with the STEM Advocacy Institute, Boston, USA, as a senior program specialist With 52,000 Filipino workers employed in various capacities including domestic work, retail, and health care according to data from the Philippine Embassy as of May 2020, it is known as a safe. This reduction can be attributed to the public and paper industry's awareness of the Presidential Decree 1152, otherwise known as, the Philippine Environment Code where the Measures for Rational Exploitation of Forest Resources was stipulated, the Philippine Environmental Law, and also, Executive Order No. 301 issued by President Gloria. The researcher (Sir Lino Paras) stays in this Hotel from May 10-12, 2001. Jose Rizal and Maximo Viola arrived in this beautiful place on May 13, 1887. Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt was in the train station carrying the pencil sketch of Jose Rizal to identify his Filipino friend. Rizal and viola stayed at Krebs Hotel
Google's free service instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages WOW2 is a twice-monthly sister blog to This Week in the War on Women. This edition covers women and events from November 16 through November 30. The purpose of WOW2 is to learn about and honor. April's full: Summer treats to beat the heat at home. Kathleen A. Llemit (Philstar.com) - April 15, 2021 - 11:44pm. MANILA, Philippines — The heat is on and the temperature rises ever higher. | {
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Henry’s Hampton Court.
Much of the drama of King Henry VIII and his six wives is played out at Hampton Court. Approximately a 40 minute train ride from London, Hampton Court receives more than 450,000 visitors each year. It is rumored to be haunted and the ghosts of Jane Seymour and Catherine Howard are two that are frequently claimed to be present. This palace has been around for over 500 years and has as many sordid stories as it does delights.
In 1514 Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, the most prominent churchman and politician of his time acquired Hampton Court. In 1525 he gifted it to King Henry VIII in an effort to stay on his good side, as we all know you did not want to get on the bad side of spoilt Henry. As Cardinal and Archbishop of York, Wolsey had the most religious clout in England and Henry had given Wolsey the job of getting the Pope to agree to Henry’s divorce and remarriage. Wolsey was unsuccessful in this task and so was charged with treason but fortunately died of natural causes on 29th November 1530 before Henry could have him beheaded.
Hampton Court is actually two palaces in one and has two distinct and contrasting styles of Tudor and Baroque architecture.
The kitchens of Hampton Court are enormous. There are six open fire places where the meat was hand turned on loaded spits. A great job in the winter but not so in the summer when the temperatures in the kitchen were unbearably hot. Documentaries abound about Henry’s appetite and the fabulous feasts to entertain and display wealth and power. It is reported that the kitchens served 600 meals twice a day and there was an abundance of beverages to wash the food down.
Roaming actors give visitors to the palace a taste of days gone by. We were fortunate enough to share our train journey back to London with the young man who worked in this role. Henry is quite impressive, don’t you think?
The armoury room. The photos I have to put up here do not do justice to Hampton Court. The palace is filled with priceless artworks and tapestries. There is also a beautiful garden to explore.
Actually I am not a fan of King Henry VIII, to me he represents the immense gulf between religion and Christianity and, the need for a male heir included, I cannot see how he could justify his actions to those poor young women who were “chosen” by him. When we want to be all doom and gloom about our world today a quick look at history reminds me that there has never been a perfect time to live and in some areas we have come quite a ways towards enlightenment. | {
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The Cheetahs scored two tries in the final five minutes to snatch a 34-34 draw against the Sharks in Bloemfontein and book a place in the Currie Cup semi-finals. CRAIG LEWIS reports.
With just two log points separating the teams coming into their final pool fixture, the clash effectively served as a ‘quarter-final’ in a battle for the only remaining play-off berth.
The Sharks looked to have the game won – and a place in the knockout stage secure – when they took a 14-point lead with just 10 minutes left to play. They then fell asleep and allowed the Cheetahs to complete an incredible comeback.
A breakout try to Ryno Benjamin and then another from replacement Gerhard Olivier, with Niel Marais knocking over the conversions, enabled the Cheetahs to clinch a draw that was good enough to secure their semi-final spot.
With that hard-fought result, the Cheetahs have won a date with the Lions next weekend, while after an up-and-down season, the woeful Sharks will be left wondering what could have been after experiencing the ignominy of missing out on a knockout place.
The Sharks struck first with an early penalty to flyhalf Joe Pietersen, but it would be the Cheetahs who carved open the visitors’ defence in the 13th minute, with Benjamin ultimately diving over to score after a 50m breakout.
The Sharks’ forwards created the next bit of try-scoring magic when prop Gerhard Engelbrecht drew the defence and offloaded to hooker Franco Marais, who went on a busting run before putting flanker Etienne Oosthuizen away for an outstanding try.
However, the Sharks’ defence once again looked vulnerable in the first half, and a sniping half-break from Cheetahs scrumhalf Shaun Venter provided the space for flanker Boom Prinsloo to burst onto the ball and score alongside the posts.
That effort took the Cheetahs out to a 14-8 lead, and yet it could have been so much more, with flyhalf Sias Ebersohn missing four penalties on a breezy afternoon in Bloemfontein. Pietersen, to be fair though, also had his troubles in front of poles.
The Sharks made the hosts pay when André Esterhuizen pounced on a turnover and showed great strength to get the ball away to scrumhalf flyer Cobus Reinach, who scooted over to cut the deficit to one point in the 37th minute.
However, Ebersohn finally knocked over his first penalty right in front of the posts with the final play of the half, enabling the Cheetahs to open up a 17-13 lead.
Despite just four points separating the sides at the break, the half-time stats told a different story, with the Cheetahs enjoying 64% of possession, while the Sharks had missed 12 missed tackles and conceded eight penalties.
So, although they were fortunate to still be in the fight heading in the second half, three minutes after the restart they were back in the lead after Pietersen showed all his experience to create a superb try for Paul Jordaan.
Pietersen and Ebersohn traded a penalty each before the hour mark, with the Sharks holding onto their tenuous one-point advantage.
A massive moment came when Cheetahs prop Luan de Bruin was yellow-carded for a cynical offence with the Sharks on attack, and Pietersen duly knocked over three more penalty points.
The Sharks then exploited their one-man advantage as Odwa Ndungane broke away on the right-hand touchline before making an inside pass to young Garth April to score under the posts.
Suddenly the Durbanites had an 11-point buffer, which Pietersen extended with a fourth penalty in the 70th minute as the Sharks continued to exert their control on the match.
However, then came the Cheetahs' moments of magic as the home side came back to clinch an incredible draw.
Sharks – Tries: Etienne Oosthuizen, Cobus Reinach, Paul Jordaan, Garth April. Conversion: Joe Pietersen. Penalties: Pietersen (4).
Free State Cheetahs – Tries: Ryno Benjamin (2), Boom Prinsloo, Gerhard Olivier. Conversions: Sias Ebersohn (2), Niel Marais (2). Penalties: Ebersohn (2).
Free State Cheetahs – 15 Clayton Blommetjies, 14 Sergeal Petersen, 13 Francois Venter, 12 Ryno Benjamin, 11 Raymond Rhule, 10 Sias Ebersohn, 9 Shaun Venter, 8 Niell Jordaan, 7 Oupa Mohoje, 6 Boom Prinsloo, 5 Francois Uys (c), 4 Armandt Koster, 3 Luan de Bruin, 2 Jacques du Toit, 1 BG Uys.
Subs: 16 Neil Rautenbach, 17 Teunis Nieuwoudt, 18 Reniel Hugo, 19 Freddy Ngoza, 20 Gerhard Olivier, 21 Ruan van Rensburg, 22 Niel Marais, 23 AJ Coertzen, 24 Willem Serfontein.
Sharks – 15 Garth April , 14 Odwa Ndungane, 13 Paul Jordaan, 12 André Esterhuizen, 11 S’bura Sithole, 10 Joe Pietersen, 9 Cobus Reinach, 8 Philip van der Walt, 7 Etienne Oosthuizen, 6 Francois Kleinhans, 5 Marco Wentzel (c), 4 Dave McDuling, 3 Gerhard Engelbrecht, 2 Franco Marais, 1 Thomas du Toit.
Subs: 16 Monde Hadebe, 17 Mzamo Majola, 18 Christiaan de Bruin, 19 Jean Deysel, 20 Michael Claassens, 21 Heimar Williams, 22 Waylon Murray.
Photo: Charl Devenish/Gallo Images | {
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As a poet, and indeed as a person, Sexton was primarily concerned with telling stories. Diane Middlebrook begins her book Anne Sexton: A Biography with an account of Sexton’s press interviews, in which Sexton was usually asked to explain how she began writing poetry. Every time, she answered that question using many of the same facts and even many of the same phrases, as if she were improvising on a prepared script and changing it to suit the needs or expectations of the audience. Most interesting, however, was the form the story took. The story she told in answer to the question was based on the fairy tale of Snow White. The wicked queen became Sexton’s mother, her poisoned apple the pressure of society for her to conform to a conventional life as a wife and mother in the Boston suburbs. The poisoned sleep became her suicide attempts, from which she was awakened not by the kiss of a handsome prince but by psychotherapy and its manifestation in poetry. Living ‘‘happily ever after’’ was her career as a poet. Sexton often said that when she wrote something down, she remembered what she had written rather than the original idea or memory on which it was based.
The inability to distinguish between memories of actual events and memories of ideas, fantasies, or other kinds of narratives is known as confabulation. Sexton certainly seems to have had a propensity in this direction. She reported to her psychiatrist Martin Orne many facts and events she supposedly remembered about her family that his investigations showed had no basis in reality. She seemed rather to report narratives that she had created as if they were recollections of true events. In some cases she seems not to have been aware of what she was doing. But in other cases she was fully aware that what she said in therapy was entirely fictional. In 1957, she wrote a fifteen-page typescript called the ‘‘Personal Record.’’ This text has never been published, but Middlebrook summarizes and quotes extensively from it. Sexton produced her record to help keep straight for herself what she considered to be true and what she considered to be fabrications (she called them ‘‘truth crimes’’) in what she was telling Orne. This began when she made up a story about being molested by a family friend at the beach and was amazed that Orne accepted it as the truth. In her ‘‘Personal Record’’ she says the following:
“I am nothing, if not an actress off the stage. In fact, it comes down to the terrible truth that there is no true part of me. . . . I am a storymaker. . . . I know that often people in analysis will tell these great stories about . . . their father etc. and that they are fictitious but are a childhood fantasy.”
This shows that Sexton considered her therapeutic sessions to be as much a form of creative expression or performance as her poetry was. Moreover, she had admitted as much directly to Orne during one of their sessions. Again, Middlebrook quotes extensively from audio tapes of Sexton’s therapeutic sessions supplied to her by Orne: ‘‘I couldn’t make all this up or I don’t exist at all! Or do I make up a trauma to go with my symptoms?’’ To a highly unusual degree, therapy and poetry served the same purpose for Sexton, allowing her to create the narratives that obsessed and fulfilled her, as far as she was able to know fulfillment.
Sexton treated the theme of the separation of her identity from her parents in many of her works, using many different metaphors and guises, as Middlebrook observes. In her own life this transition was very difficult because of her disturbed relationship with her parents. In some respects the treatment of the theme in ‘‘Young’’ is more straightforward than in some of her other poems, in which it is deeply allegorical and symbolic. But ‘‘Young’’ is not truly the revelation of personal secrets in the simple sense suggested by the label confessional poetry. In fact it is highly contrived. It is a fictive narrative like any other poem, which at best can be said to have a relationship with the actual events of the poet’s life. Just as Sexton’s psychotherapy was the inspiration of her poetry, she used her therapy as another platform to create fictional narratives that were not simple statements of her life history but were metaphorical and analogical explorations of her feelings about that history. So the unusually detailed knowledge of Sexton’s therapy that is available does not throw light on the problem of finding confessed truths in her poetry. Instead, it reveals that her poetry and therapy together were a tangled web of fictive narratives that completely obscured her real life, that were both in some sense perhaps an effort on Sexton’s part to supply herself with a life history different than the one she lived.
Bearing in mind, then, that the narrative world of ‘‘Young’’ is not truly confessional and cannot be directly compared to Sexton’s personal life but rather is a product of artistic creation like any other poem, it is possible to look at the poem on its own terms. This reveals not confession but creation, and indeed, the word poetry comes from the ancient Greek word meaning creation. ‘‘Young’’ is not a report of Sexton’s life but of a life that Sexton created. The narrator of the poem presents herself as recalling the onset of adolescence, the time when one leaves behind the innocence of childhood and begins to assume a new identity or sense of self. The adult speaker is thus articulating the second major separation of the child’s identity from that of her parents as her body becomes physically mature and her sense of independence develops. The first separation occurs in infancy and earliest childhood when the infant must create a separate identity from the condition of absolute physical and emotional dependence of the newborn on its parents. The small child forms a sense of identity primarily through building relationships with the caregivers. But now the narrator of ‘‘Young’’ is attempting to describe the loss or death of that identity, and the transformation of that identity or the birth of a new and unknown identity that is not yet formed. The poem seeks to isolate a particular period of time as its language evokes the language of children. Its phraseology is often highly exaggerated and fabulist, as though a fairy tale is being told. But unlike a fairy tale, there is no moral, no happy ending. The poem asks questions for which it provides no answers. Ultimately, though, the experience of the adult makes the final tone of the poem wistful and almost mournful. The adult narrator is perhaps revisiting memories from the end of childhood precisely because her adult self still has not figured out any of the problems or questions about life that the adolescent also asked and had expected would be answered as she grew from childhood to adulthood. In the final sense, the poem’s adult speaker seems no more enlightened than the child. It indeed seems as if in some sense time in that person’s world stopped on that summer night and she has never been able to move beyond it.
How does the narrator recognize what we might call separation from the parents? First, her physical location. She is positioned outside the house, apart from her family. Moreover, it is nighttime—a time of day traditionally in poetry associated with mystery or the unknown. It is fairly clear that the speaker remembers her childhood as one in which she felt no lack of material comforts but felt isolated nevertheless, but this is the judgment of the adult, looking back and imposing truth upon her childhood. The adult narrator also characterizes her relationship with her parents as distant and dim. There is something threatening about the cones of light spilling out of her parents’ ‘eyes,’ rather like the searchlights looking for escapees in a prison movie. As children often do, the child the narrator used to be was seeking to escape and find, perhaps, solace and comfort in nature, hoping that this could be the place she could go with all her unanswered questions. Readers recognize that the child the narrator remembers feels and understands as an adult that there was little meaningful communication within the family (notice her mother and father have separate bedrooms), and the grown speaker also sees that the child she was attempted to fill this need by seeking a meaningful connection elsewhere, with the earth and the sky, in other words with the cosmos or the divine. The adolescent thus acted on her impulse by separating herself physically from her parents. The narrator recalls how she evoked and solicited wisdom, which she obviously did not receive from her parents, from the heavens and from death.
‘‘Young’’ stands in a self-contained world created by Sexton, which does not confess Sexton’s inner life and past history but is built on those foundations like any other poem. ‘‘Young’’ was first published in her collection All My Pretty Ones, whose title comes from a line of William Shakespeare’s Macbeth in which the character MacDuff learns of the death of his children and refers to them as ‘‘all my pretty ones’’ (act 4, scene 3, line 216). Sexton’s poem is not about her childhood but is perhaps about a childhood that she might have had, a childhood that died without being realized.
W. D. Snodgrass, Sexton’s patron and a leading confessional poet, never liked that term, not only because he considered it too limiting a conception of his poetry but because in the end the concept was not useful. Every poet reveals himself as he writes, so that is not an especially distinguishing criterion, and every poet fictionalizes herself and her experience, the confessional poets no less than any others. Although the term seems destined to be attached to Snodgrass, Plath, Sexton, and the other confessional poets because they constitute a closely knit school bound by ties of time, subject matter, style, and personal connections between the poets, critics soon lost their enthusiasm for reading their poetry as truly personal confessions of secret truths. Sexton created in ‘‘Young’’ a moment in a young woman’s life, but it is not a moment of Sexton’s own life. For Sexton, confession, whether in verse or in therapy, was an exercise in fictive creation.
Poetry for Students, Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Poetry, Volume 30, Anne Sexton, Gale Cengage Learning, 2009
Bradley A. Skeen, Critical Essay on ‘‘Young,’’ in Poetry for Students, Gale, Cengage Learning, 2009. | {
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Adorable boy is walking in forest with his loving father holding his hand, bearded young man is talking and gesturing.Chubby guys are better in bed, according to a survey of 2,544 British women.Close-up of caucasian girl with pigtails eating a.Cubby the Cutest Most Loving Teddy Bear Ever from Hasbro.- chubby black teen stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images.Pictured is our Castle cubby on ground.
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[ENG SUB] 160825 BLACKPINK - BEHIND THE SCENES #001..Distinguished mom and her daughters by Elaine Jennison.
L i / BROK-ə-lee; April 5, 1909 – June 27, 1996), nicknamed "Cubby", was an American film producer who made more than 40 motion pictures throughout his career.Besides a kids cubby house, other things preferred are the best available kids toys in Australia and other.
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Nearly all parents have a preference to buy the best cubby house for their kids that will last for a longer period of time.So you can fill in your favorite juice.We independently select these products—if you buy.Ive had blood work and ultrasounds done, fearing I was infertile since I had major abdominal trauma, my mom had both. | {
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Broken barbs on single hooks can hold fish as well or better if the hook has a relatively short shank in relation to the length of the point, the barb should be well forward of the bend. Some fish shake of so rarely that broken barb hooks should be considered: Steelhead, Trout, Redfish, Carp, Bluegill, Pike, Striped Bass. For hook design, the break even point falls about at the proportions found in a standard shank length wet or dry fly hook. Longer shank hooks will lever out of the fish's mouth more easily. Shorter shank hooks can set better and hold more fish when the barbs are broken to leave that little jag that acts as a gentle micro barb. In general these well designed hooks will hold fish better with or without the full barb than any poorly designed hook ever will.
The Mustad 94840 #2 is an old hook that is out of production. I wish I had a hook like this to use for my steelhead dry flys and skaters, not to mention Bunny Leaches, Wooly Buggers and Clousers for bass. This one has the barb broken off, you can see the little 90 degree jag that helps hold fish, but is still easy to release them off of. Breaking off the barb leaves that little left over jag further forward which helps because it becomes imbedded sooner and deeper with less force. How many times have felt the hit and set the hook but the fish was off a fraction of a second after you felt the tension to the fish or maybe came off after the first head shake? Your bigger barb never penetrated past anything to grab on to. A smaller, barb closer to the point could have. The smaller barb further forward of the bend also sets deeper and can get past something more substantial to hold on to.
Small hooks like the 12 short curved Emerger hooks have very small barbs that are easy to set and micro barb hooks are the best at overall hooking and holding. They still have the issues about releasing fish without taking more time or damaging the fish or the fly in the process.
The Egg, Bead Pegging and Trailer hooks all have short shanks that cause the point to take a wide deep angle "Angle of Entry" when they penetrate. This wider less direct angle creates more force on the side of the point and less of the force of your hook set is left to push the hook point in deeper. This wider angle of penetration causes the hook to grab more flesh on the way in if you can get enough force on it quickly enough. If you get these short hooks set, the short shank length offers little leverage to work the hook out as the fish fights from different angles. Breaking off the barb gets these short hooks set sooner. Fish hooked on pegged beads often get off. I increased my fish holding percentage when I started breaking off barbs on these hooks.
The TFS (The Fly Shop) 105 size #4 and the Sticky E12 size #6 have thinner wire which sets easier. They are lighter so they ride better behind a bead not dragging so low. The wider gaps grab more flesh, and a longer points with the barbs further forward hold better when set. These hooks work great with the barbs broken off.
Most of these hooks below have low barbs and direct lines of force from the eye to the hook point, a low angle of entry. They set easily.
Jig hooks in general do a great job of hooking and holding fish well. They fish hook point up, they hit the upper jaw with a solid hook set that grabs more bone and cartilage when an angler above the water pulls at some upward angle to set the hook. The upper jaw is fixed to the fish's skull and does not have the range of motion to get different angles of resistance that the lower jaw can. I always break the barbs off of when I fish jig hook patterns (except the Mustad 32833). I don't loose any fish and come out ahead when I release the fish more quickly with less chance of damage to the fish or my fly.
The Mustad 32833 Steelhead Jig Hook benefits greatly from the unique jitsu that a jig hook does when you set it from an upward angle, particularly when you set it with the initial angle of force straight up to the bobber. Steelhead are pretty easy to hook and to hold onto, they are big and can not head shake very rapidly, their mouth tissues are soft and fibrous so hooks tend to hold well. Even though the 32833's barb is so far back, it only looses maybe 20% of the fish you hook, that would be closer to 0% if there were a couple more millimeters of length added to the point. It is very unfortunate that Mustad has a monopoly on a small, short leg to eye jig hook that fits the molds for small steelhead jigs. This short leg to eye does not block the point as much as a longer leg to the eye will. This hook makes nice looking balance jigs if you tie a dumbbell eye in front of the eye leg. For fly casting, the Mustad 32833 may be disappointing in its holding percentage.
Hans Skikkelstad (Mustad founder), the man you never heard of, who died at a young 44 years in 1918 (Flu Pandemic?). Mustad's founder knew so much about hooks, steel, fishing and he cared enough to make the best hooks in the world. Now days,....Not so much.
It is unfortunate that Mustad has a monopoly on a small, strong, short leg to eye jig hooks that fit the molds for small steelhead jigs. The Mustad 32833 is an overpriced not so good hook.
Here are some mostly very good hooks Graded on the very narrow metric of ratio of Barb Bite Depth VS Shank Lever Length. Some of these hooks have extremely good points, others only rate a good grade after they are sharpened, a few have such clunky big barbs, you have to break them off to get good results.
The stainless Mustad 34007 has a barb set back close to the bend, it is likely the bend will jam of some part of the fishes jaw before the barb has penetrated. Most other medium wire saltwater hooks copy this bad geometry and are not necessarily any better. On the Mustad 34007 #2 hook, I bend up the shank to tie a Clouser Minnow on it. This shortens the shanks lever arm and also the rotates the eye force angle so the hook can hold a bit more flesh behind the barb. This also gives it a bit of the jig hook jitsu to hook and hold more fish.
The big short shank hooks I bought to tie foam divers on. For that fly I want the barbs broken off because that fly is inhaled deeply and the hook down orientation means it often sticks in the fish's gills. In any case the short shanks hold fish well and the broken barb makes it quicker and easier to release fish unharmed. | {
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HOW WAS THIS INFORMATION GATHERED?
Since 1978, the Sigurd Olson Environmental Institute has recorded information on the common loon. A loon’s location of breeding, number of adults and young, and time of residence on particular waterways are crucial for determining the loon’s status and survival rate in Wisconsin. In spring and summer, Siguard Olsen Environmental staff and volunteers throughout the state help achieve project goals by monitoring loon populations on lakes and reporting valuable nesting information. It’s not an easy life for the common loon. Nesting sites are gradually being decreased because of shoreline development. Harassment (both intentional and unintentional ) by lake users has regrettably added to mortality. Both air and land pollution have decreased the loon’s chance for survival.
Support Wisconsin Loon Watch. If you live or vacation in northern Wisconsin, you can volunteer to monitor a lake. If you do not, you can still help tremendously by making a tax deductible contribution so that Wisconsin Loon Watch can maintain our research and education efforts for the loon. It is time to take action. We need to develop protective attitudes so that this symbol of the north country will continue to have aplace to call home.
Your help is needed today. Please contact: Wisconsin Loon Watch, Sigurd Olson Environmental Institute. Northland College Ashland, Wisconsin 54806 (715) 682-1220.
Things To Remember To Help Protect Loons
View loons from a respectful of at least 200 feet
Do not approach nests, individual adults, or loon chicks. Do not camp, picnic, or run dogs on islands potentially used as nest sites by loons (esp. from spring ice-out until July 4). You invite predators to eat the loon eggs and chicks if you flush a loon off its nest or separate the chicks from the adults. Intentional harassment of loons is illegal under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and carries a fine of $5000 and a 6-month jail sentence.
Respect slow-no wake zones and rules
Because loons nest right at the water's edge, wake from boats and personal watercraft can wash eggs out of the loon's nest.
Don't fish next to a loon
Loons can mistake lures and jigs for their live prey items. Every year loons die from swallowing lures and entanglement in fishing line.
Use non-lead fishing tackle
Loons, eagles, swans, and other waterbirds die from ingesting lead fishing tackle. They ingest the tackle when they eat fish that have tackle left inside by anglers or when they pick up pebbles (or in this case, sinkers or jig heads that look like pebbles) to aid with digestion. Small sinkers and jigs seem to be the biggest problem, and only one lead sinker will kill a loon from lead poisoning. Of 12 dead loons turned in by the public to DNR for a new loon health monitoring program in 2006, six died from lead poisoning from lead fishing tackle. Most of the affected birds came from north-central Wisconsin (3 from Oneida County, 1 from Vilas County, 1 from Iron County, and 1 from Door County; Note: The loon from Door County was a known summer resident of Vilas County—must have been found dead on migration).
Check your boat for aquatic invasive species.
Before you launch your boat or after you trailer it, please check the boat propeller, trailer, and other places for invasive plants such as Eurasian watermilfoil and curly-leaf pondweed. These plants can negatively impact the fish population, lake ecology, recreational use, and ultimately the loon use on a lake.
Leave native vegetation and woody debris on the shore and in the water.
Removal of woody debris from the water has been documented to cause population crashes in perch populations on a lake. Perch are the primary food for loons so a crash in the perch population may result in less food for chicks and loons abandoning their use of a lake. Fish populations rely on good aquatic plant and woody debris structure for protection and nursery areas. Leaving a buffer zone of native plants along the lakeshore will provide nesting cover for loons and other birds.
Use four-stroke motors or no motors at all
Four-stroke motors contribute less pollution to the water and air. They are more efficient and use less oil-based products compared to older two-stroke motors. Hundreds of loons (for some states this is equal to their entire population) can die in one oil spill. Reducing our dependence on foreign oil reduces the chances of oceanic oil spills that can have major ecological impacts as well as catastrophic wintering loon impacts.
about these issues to your family, guests, neighbors, and other visitors to the lake.
Loons are powerful, streamlined birds with red eyes, greenish black head, long tapered beak and black and white checkerboard plumage.
The common loon (Gavia immer) stands approximately 25 inches tall, weighs between 8 and 11 pounds and has a wingspread of 5 feet.
Are there different species of loons?
There are 5 species in the northern hemisphere. You are missing the Pacific Loon—the North American relative to the Arctic Loon (the Arctic Loon is found in the old-world—arctic areas of northern Europe and Asia.) So your statement about the other 3 species that breed in Alaska and Canada is incorrect. It should be 4 species though technically Arctic Loons are very rare breeders in Alaska.
Loons are supreme rulers of their aquatic domain. With legs located well back on their sleek bodies, loons are superb swimmers easily capable of catching fish for food.
Unlike other marine birds, loons have dense bones which permit them to dive to depths of 200 feet and remain submerged for 5 to 10 minutes.
Do loons ever come to shore?
Loons do come ashore but only to nest. With legs positioned behind their balance point, loons have great difficulty walking or even standing. It is not unusual for loons to support some of their weight on land with their chests.
The red is caused by a pigment in the retina that filters light when loons dive beneath the waters surface and allows for sight.
How can one determine the difference between the male and female loon?
You can determine sex in some cases. For example, only the male will yodel. Also the male is usually larger than the female which is sometimes apparent if you see the male and female of a pair side-by-side. Otherwise you are right about needing to look at internal organs or by doing a blood test.
Where do loons go during the winter?
We now know that Wisconsin loons winter off the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Coasts. This is known from loons tracked by satellite transmitters and observation of banded loons.
Do loons migrate in flocks?
Yes, in late autumn, generally well before the great freeze, loons congregate on large lakes and fly south together.
Do immature loons return to the North Country after their first migration south?
Young and immature loons are believed to spend two or three years in coastal waters beforemaking their first trip back to the North Country.
How many loons inhabit a lake?
Loons are territorial birds and generally only one pair is found on each lake, except for very large bodies of water where several pairs inhabit a lake.
What size body of water can support a loon population?
Research conducted by Wisconsin Project Loon Watch indicates that loons inhabit bodies of water as small as nine acres.
Why are loons sometimes observed in large gatherings during the summer?
This is a social preparation for migration.
Loons feed primarily on fish, frogs, crayfish, mussels, leeches and aquatic insects. By the end of summer the young fledglings are capable of feeding themselves.
Why are loons observed running across the water?
Because of their large size and weight, loons require about 1/4 mile of lake surface to become airborne and thus appear to run across the water before taking off.
Once airborne, loons are powerful fliers. Pilots have clocked them flying at speeds up to 80 mph.
How do mates locate each other?
It is assumed that loons return to the same lake every year. Males claim the same territory and await the female’s return.
Why do loons make so many weird calls?
Loon calls have been identified into four classifications: Wail, Tremolo, yodel and hoot.
- The wail is perhaps the call most frequently heard. A loon will wail when it becomes separated from the chick or if its mate fails to return. The tremolo is an aggressive response given when disturbed by a boater or predator. The yodel is also an expression of aggression and is given by the male during a confrontation.
- The hoot symbolizes a call of curiosity and/or happiness.
The sounds are apparently a learned communication between the birds. To hear the richness of their harmonics is clearly a unique experience.
Why do loons sometimes stand up on the water with their wings extended?
Loons rise up on the water to preen themselves, to stretch their wings or to dry their wings after a drive.
When approached, why do loons sometimes stand up on the water with their wings tacked to their sides, like penguins?
The "penguin dance" is a sign of extreme agitation. This behavior symbolizes that the loon’s territory has been violated. The penguin dance is generally combined with frantic calls and is one of the last defense actions available to loons. Anyone observing such a response should retreat immediately.
Why do chicks ride on their parents backs?
With their young on their backs, the adult loon can provide better protection from predators both above and beneath the waters surface. This is an opportunity for the young to conserve energy and body heat
Not really. Banding records show that loons often return to the same lake each year. However, mates probably don't winter or migrate together and return to the same lake independently. Loons do occasionally switch mates and seem to be more attached to their lake than to each other.
Do loons have a courtship ritual?
Yes, Courtship consists mainly of head dipping and shallow dives. In spring, loons are frequently observed chasing each other across the surface of a lake; this is primarily territorial behavior not courtship ritual.
What does a loon nest look like?
The nest consists of reeds, sticks, grasses and muddy vegetation from the bottom of the lakes. This material is loosely formed in the shape of a mound, roughly 1.5 feet in diameter, with a slight hollow in the middle. Both the male and female participate in nest building which is completed by mid-May.
Where do loons construct their nests?
Because of their difficulty moving about the land, loons build their nests within a few inches of water. When a nesting loon is disturbed, it slips off the nest and submerges to keep the location of its nest unknown.
How many eggs does the female lay?
Soon after construction of the nest, the female lays two eggs.
What size and color are loon eggs?
Loon eggs are roughly 3 1/2 by 2 1/4 in size with a thick shell and are olive green color speckled with brown spots.
The common loon may live twenty years or more.
How many loons are there in Wisconsin?
The Wisconsin loon population was estimated at 3400 adults and 800 chicks in 2005. This is from LoonWatch's Wisconsin Loon Population Survey conducted on one day every five years thus the next survey will be in 2010. | {
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Afghanistan’s homegrown burqa industry is facing a decline in demand, with fewer young women choosing to cover their faces.
Despite advances in women’s rights, Afghanistan remains a deeply conservative country and most women continue to wear the all-enveloping garment.
But tradesmen say times are changing in the capital, Kabul, with the demand for burqas declining among young women who are increasingly going to school and taking office jobs.
75 year old Haji Hussain has been dying fabrics for burqas for the last 40 years and has noticed the change.
He used to dye between 30 to 40 burqas per day during Taliban rule, but now only dyes a few garments on a good day.
“The reason is that now more people are going out with bare faces and fewer with burqas, it is out of fashion,” he explained.
China’s entry into the market in recent years has also changed the industry dramatically.
“Compared to the past, Chinese burqas are outselling homegrown burqas... Business is down compared to the past. In the past, we’d sell lots but now it’s much less,” said young burqa seller, Mohammad Ashraf...My advice: relocate to Cairo, Mo. | {
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Youth Group Lesson – St. Patrick’s Day
Opening Game – Lucky Charms
- Cereal Bowls (4-6)
- Box of Lucky Charms
- Table Chairs for number of participants (4-6)
- Blindfolds (4-6)
- This works best as an “upfront” game where a few participants illustrate the game for others.
- You could also do this as a group game where everyone participates.
- Enough space is needed to accommodate the table/chairs.
Fill the bowls with Lucky Charms cereal. If this cereal in not available, you can mix marshmallows in a bowl with any other cereal/bite-sized food choice. Select 4-6 participants and have them sit down behind the table for the rest of the group to see. Blindfold the participants. In a pre-determined allotted time (1-3 minutes works best) have the participants separate out the “charms” (i. e. marshmallows) from the rest of the cereal.
How to Play
- Participants must keep their hands fastened behind their backs meaning they must only use their mouths.
- The participant with the most marshmallows separated out at the end of the time wins.
- Tip: This is potentially a very messy game. It might be wise to place towels down under the chairs.
After the game, say: That was a fun game!
Today we’re going to talk about the importance of St. Patrick’s Day. And what better way to do it then play a game involving Lucky Charms. Fun!
Now, let’s get started.
TEACH – St. Patrick’s Day
- Romans 10: 13-15 (NLT)
- Romans 12: 6-8 (MSG)
- Matthew 5: 13-16 (MSG)
Hold up or show a picture of a shamrock. Ask students if they know what it is, and what holiday is associated with a shamrock. Once they answer St. Patrick’s Day…ask them if they know why.
Give brief history of shamrock being associated with St. Patrick’s Day:
St. Patrick introduced Christianity to Ireland by using the shamrock to explain the Trinity…you know God, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit.
So, you may be asking a few questions right now. What does St. Patrick and a shamrock have to do with me? Why is this person talking about it in church?
Point #1: Why did St. Patrick share Christianity with Ireland?
St. Patrick was born in Ireland, but moved away at a young age. He was told about Jesus and what he did on the cross, and he loved his home country so much, he felt compelled to go back home and tell other people about Jesus.
Can you think about someone you love dearly? Do you know if they have a relationship with Jesus? Do you know if they need to be saved from stuff like…
Addictions…like drugs, alcohol, and lust?
Parents just split up and they feel like everything is falling apart?
You know there is someone willing to save us from this stuff right? It isn’t Dr. Phil or Oprah Winfrey, it’s God.
Read Romans 10: 13-15 (NLT)
13 For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved. 14 But how can they call on him to save them unless they believe in him? And how can they believe in him if they have never heard about him? And how can they hear about him unless someone tells them? 15 And how will anyone go and tell them without being sent? That is why the Scriptures say,“How beautiful are the feet of messengers who bring good news!”
So you are probably thinking “Oh great! Now they are going to tell me that I need to walk around school and work and home holding my Bible, yelling bible verses at people, beating them in the head with my bible”!
Nope, that’s not what I’m going to tell you!
Point 2: Let your life and interests tell people about Jesus
What did St. Patrick use again? A shamrock…very easy and very simple, right?
Think for a minute. What are you passionate about? What wrongs would you like to see made right in the world?
World hunger ended?
Elderly taken cared of, not taken advantage of?
People following Jesus?
Making sure everyone knows they are worthy and lovely and encouraged?
Read Romans 12: 6-8 (MSG)
6-8 If you preach, just preach God’s Message, nothing else; if you help, just help, don’t take over; if you teach, stick to your teaching; if you give encouraging guidance, be careful that you don’t get bossy; if you’re put in charge, don’t manipulate; if you’re called to give aid to people in distress, keep your eyes open and be quick to respond; if you work with the disadvantaged, don’t let yourself get irritated with them or depressed by them. Keep a smile on your face.
You might be saying…”it’s that simple”? Yes!
You don’t have to be a pastor to do these things (nothing against pastors we need them)!!
Take your talents, your interest and passions, take what you are good at, and use them as a way to show other people the love of Jesus!
Another question running through your mind might be “Why me”? “Aint nobody got time for that”!!
Point 3: The World needs YOU!
Wait what? Someone needs me…you must be joking?!
Read Matthew 5: 13-16 (MSG)
13 “Let me tell you why you are here. You’re here to be salt-seasoning that brings out the God-flavors of this earth. If you lose your saltiness, how will people taste godliness? You’ve lost your usefulness and will end up in the garbage. 14-16 “Here’s another way to put it: You’re here to be light, bringing out the God-colors in the world. God is not a secret to be kept. We’re going public with this, as public as a city on a hill. If I make you light-bearers, you don’t think I’m going to hide you under a bucket, do you? I’m putting you on a light stand. Now that I’ve put you there on a hilltop, on a light stand—shine! Keep open house; be generous with your lives. By opening up to others, you’ll prompt people to open up with God, this generous Father in heaven.
The world needs you!
What you are passionate about,
Your convictions about the wrongs in this world,
The world needs you to use all of this, and show it the love of Jesus!!
SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
What is your favorite holiday and why?
When was the last time you needed someone to save you? From a bad grade, from feeling alone, from a bully?
What talents, passions, or gifts do you have that could be used to tell people about Jesus…St. Patrick used the shamrock, what could you use?
How could you take your answer to question 3 and make a difference in your home, neighborhood, or school?
Liked this lesson? View More of Our Youth Group Lessons | {
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Becoming a growing church is a post about the how to of church growth in a biblical sense.
- 1 Getting our Foundation Right
- 2 Characteristics of a Biblical, “Successful” Church
- 3 What level of Church is your church?
- 4 How do I make my church grow?
- 5 Will that always make the church grow? No.
Becoming A Growing Church
In this post I am examining how a church becomes a “Growing Church”. My thoughts are taken from reading a post here “Level 1 Church moves to Level 4” where the author declares a level 1 church is “subtraction, scarcity, and survival”, level 2 churches are “tension, scarcity, survival, and growth”, level 3 churches are “addition, growth, and accumulation”, and level 4 church are “discontent, new scorecards and reproducing at all levels” and level 5 churches are “multiplying, releasing and sending”.
Let me begin by saying that I disagree with the author’s approach. You do not need to put “scientific” names on things and make them into more than they are, looking at NEW man-made programs to remedy problems, and trying to glamourize the thing in order to get people to read your words. I have spent my entire life in the ministry, and that ministry God has called me to is evangelism and church planting. I am putting down my thoughts here on this.
Getting our Foundation Right
The church is a kind of organization, but also an organism. Churches are arranged internally by men, but a church is also a living thing if it is at all pleasing to God. Here is where we start sorting out the wheat from the chaff. Not all churches have a biblical foundation because their doctrine and practices are not founded on God’s Word. I can declare that Kingdom Halls (Jehovah’s Witnesses) and Mormon “Churches” are not biblical churches, and it makes no different what they do, they are still condemned because their doctrinal basis and foundation is just not there. They are not included in Jesus’ famous words,
Matt 16:18 And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.
Going beyond the obvious here, that many “churches” in our day are just not worthy of the name “church”. They are error clubs. But I am Baptist, and there are a goodly number of Baptist churches that are not much better. I say that because I see their false doctrines and unscriptural practices, and I can come to no good conclusion about them. They do not fulfill their biblical purpose.
So what is the biblical purpose of a church?
God designed churches to do the work of God on earth. This is similar to a country taking a group of men and making them into a fighting unit. It makes no difference if they have some that get called back, others get sick and sent off, and others go AWOL. Whether they have a net gain or loss, or they become bigger numerically or smaller (special forces are typically a small group in action), but that doesn’t grade their quality as excellent or poor. What does make them good mediocre or poor is how they fulfill their purpose.
The biblical purpose of a church is to accomplish the will of God, and accomplish the work of God. This must be clearly discerned and strongly held to and promoted and become the church’s mission. A biblical church has to give the gospel out to the unsaved. This is where everything begins. It is seen on several levels, preaching a clear gospel in the church, preaching a clear gospel in their neighborhood, and supporting missionaries that are doing the very same thing, pushing a clear gospel abroad unto the uttermost parts of the earth. I have seen satanic doctrines like Calvinism or hyper-calvinism (I don’t see much difference personally, one is going to the position of not witnessing, and the other is already there), internal fighting and bickering, sidetracking like praising ourselves to death (as if praise was an entertainment experience, and not something that we do to please God), and other idiotic doctrinal positions like the emerging church (universalism where we don’t need to witness because everybody will get to heaven eventually).
A biblical church is built on the foundation of a clear forceful gospel message that is energetically given out. The center point (flag pole) around which everything in the church rotates is that of our Savior, our salvation. Nobody can be a part of the church really without saluting that flag. So many “churches” today simply have unsaved people peppering their membership, and some even running things, so that “to them” distractions and leaving the centerpiece of Jesus Christ and his cross work is “just natural”. A biblical church has that centerpiece clear in its crosshairs, and is pushing for evangelism.
It sickens me when I see evangelism delegated to underlings because the pastor decides it is “indecorous” for him to go out door to door and tell people about Christ. Instead of being a leader and example to the flock, he is an embarrassment to Christ and that church and their people.
1Pet 5:2 Feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the oversight thereof, not by constraint, but willingly; not for filthy lucre, but of a ready mind; 1Pet 5:3 Neither as being lords over God’s heritage, but being ensamples to the flock.
A pastor is to be an “ensample” or example of Christ to the flock. If Christ thought it was so important as to come to earth and die on the cross, how can a pastor relegate it to being unimportant for him, and set it aside completely, or turn it over to an “evangelism pastor” so that he doesn’t have to do it.
On the flip side here, I see certain churches that are promoting easy-believism. These churches are “soul winning” churches. You would think this is the place to be, but they remove repentance from their gospel presentation, and they gloss over true belief. Instead they want lip service to the gospel, and people “just repeat the words” and then are told they will go to heaven. We can discern this false gospel because typically they will have 1000s “saved”, 50 or so baptized out of those 1000s, and they grow by 10s. These churches are very “porous” meaning that as well as many come in, many leave without any problem. It never bothers these pastors and leaders of these churches that they are responsible for disciplining these 1000s and in a month, they don’t know where they went to. To question their gospel or gospel presentation as lacking something is not in their mindset.
So a true biblical church will be a soul winning church. There will be a culture of evangelism in which the pastor is an excellent example of a soul winner, but there will also be a number of men and women who also can sit down and witness to an unsaved person and lead them to Christ. This body of people do this regularly in the church. Moreover, the people emulate them, and they are joyfully wanting to learn how to do it also.
Internal Functioning of a Biblical Church
Once we get that thought of biblical evangelism, we need to understand that we cannot just do evangelism. The mission we have is to also disciple our converts into our movement and to become good Christ-like Christians (as we should be). Here the easy-believism churches think that discipling is summed up in learning about soul winning, and “we are done”. Not so fast.
The actual local church is a workshop of sorts, and this is where the magic happens. People need to grow spiritually, and God (in his genuis) has set up the local church as a place and a means for this spiritual growth to happen. First of all, all spiritual growth begins and is based on God’s word. A biblical church has an extreme addiction to the word of God. They preach and teach it constantly. They see the Bible as their only authority.
Moreover a biblical church gauges all things personally and corporately by the rule of God’s Word. When homosexual “politically correction” garbage comes along, they see what God’s word says about it, and they openly and forcefully condemn it because God’s Word presents a different position. A biblical church is “Fundamentalist”, which means that they understand that God has given us fundamentals (essential core doctrines) and these doctrines are to be championed above all else. Salvation, the clear gospel message is one such fundamental.
This thinking or mindset is instilled in the church’s people. We need to understand that a biblical church “sells” their mission and approach to their own people constantly. It is a pressure that is exerted by the pastor and leadership in which many of the members “get onboard” and participate in the witnessing and disciplining. So many churches want to be “good” but they just teach inane Bible facts. These Bible facts have a purpose that dovetails in with God’s purpose of evangelism and discipleship.
What people don’t realize is that the key to this is much more than a body of facts to be memorized. Body life where we relate one to another is where the godly principles are truly understood and then can be internalized, and can the spiritually transform the person. This “body life interaction” is a spiritual activity that shows Christ through our speech and actions but also through our attitudes. This is the spark that makes witnessing real for those outside of Christianity. They see Christ in us, and they want what we have, peace, tranquility in the presence of problems and anguish, love between brethren, sacrifice emanating out of a profound love of Christ that works itself out in the form of selfless good will towards others.
All of this has to happen in the context of a local church within their functions, services, and fellowship. No other context will do. This is superimposed on a conext of constant biblical exposition and preaching directed at these very same points. The preaching must not be exposition that has no application, but rather “morality forming” which is preaching that has a purpose, to make Christ within the people. So many churches think that “knowing Bible facts” is being Christlike, but actions are the only thing that will prove Christlikeness. Character must be formed also, but character likewise is only seen in actions.
Characteristics of a Biblical, “Successful” Church
So when we want to know if a church is “successful” IN THE EYES OF GOD, we must start by asking ourselves some questions.
Do the people love Christ, and Christ’s redeemed?
The action we see here is concern and sacrifice. When people actually show up to the church services (all of them) and are interacting with the rest of the people, asking them how they are, praying for their needs and problems, and finally, sacrificing for their needs, this is the action of a successful church.
1John 4:7 Beloved, let us love one another: for love is of God; and every one that loveth is born of God, and knoweth God. 1John 4:8 He that loveth not knoweth not God; for God is love.
God makes a clear statement that Christians who do not love other Christians have never been born again. That person claiming to be saved hasn’t a clue about God and what goes on inside of God and all of God’s children. This is extremely important because today so many churches are hotbeds of contention and fighting. No love there. This is horrible. God condemns this the most forceful way possible, i.e. you are not even saved if you do not love and enjoy and want healthy fellowship with your brethren in Christ.
Do the people witness the clear Gospel message?
If we (the church) are achieving our goal as to forming Christ in the people, and Christ’s chief concern was the salvation of men, then our people should 1) know how to lead a person to Christ, and it is a plus when they specifically are experts in leading children, cultists, etc. to Christ. 2) when they are actually leading people to the Lord (here new faces that come and stay because somebody lead them to the Lord and/or invited them to join our fellowship, 3) the church services/sermons are such that visitors are given the clear Gospel message frequently, and people who are not saved are invited to Christ.
It is disgusting to see churches that never invite people to Christ, if somebody wants to be saved, nobody seems to know what to do with them at that point, and there is no interest in winning people to Christ. Again, we must emphasize that there are churches that confuse the gospel with other things, and there is no clear emphasis on the gospel. To “make a decision” is not the same as accepting Christ. To come and knee at the front is not the same thing as some experienced believer sitting down with an open Bible explaining the plan of salvation. Giving money in the offering is great, but it is not salvation. Charity work with the needy is also wonderful, but it is not the same as giving the gospel message. So often good men “tack on a gospel appeal” to other things, and the entire program and event is not developed around the gospel in the first place, and the gospel seems “out of place” in such things.
Does the church support missionaries that give a clear Gospel message?
I am a missionary. Book ministries, summer camps, Bible schools, radio programs, counseling programs, all these are good things, but it is not the same thing as actually giving the plan of salvation. Today missions is stuffed to the gills with missionaries that do everything except actually give a clear gospel explanation. Missionaries that are true biblical missionaries like Paul and Barnabas are people who are highly involved in mass evangelism, and then direct the converts into a local church if available, or start one if not available.
Churches are responsible for selecting good missionaries highly involved in getting the gospel out. If you want to support some other “ministry”, do so, but not with money marked for missions. Do it with benevolence funds, but keep a good portion of your gifts on biblical missions. Beyond giving, a successful church is constantly supporting in other ways their missionaries, like through times of prayer for them.
What level of Church is your church?
To get back to the article’s premise that a “successful” church or a truly biblical church is one who is a level 5 “multiplying, releasing and sending”, what about this? Actually you cannot force this on a church that is not a biblical church. The Roman Catholic Church and other churches do these things, but they are not successful in God’s eyes. Many Protestant churches likewise multiply, train, and send out workers, but they are not a biblical church and they are not pleasing in God’s eyes.
The issue here is what causes the multiplying, training, and sending out workers? The answer is God has set principles into all of this, the what and where and how and wherefore of the church, and only by observing these principles will it work correctly. The Jehovah’s Witnesses and Mormons are good examples of how this doesn’t work. The JWs teach that their people must spend somewhere between 20 to 40 hours per week in door to door work in order to get to heaven. Great! So where I am in Mexico City, we see groups of 40 JWs going door to door. But they are counting hours, not witnessing. Their gospel is “join us and study with us (submit to our authority) and everything will go good for you when the Apocalypse happens.” That is actually their pitch when somebody answers door and listens to them. What you see though is their people arguing inanely and without purpose with the people in the street, and most people just refuse to talk of religion at their front door. We have been met with “Are you a JW?” when we knock on doors. Moreover, I read on the main JW website, JW.ORG that they tell their leaders that they need to spend at least around 500+ hours to get 1 new convert. The Mormons are similar. They practice multiple wives for each mormon man despite their denying it. So when you have 1 man, basically 1 income, and 5 wives and 25 kids, how do you feed and clothe them? How do you send them through school and college? Brigham Young University. For every good Mormon young person that goes on a 1 year missionary trip (paying his own expenses) he gets his 4 years for free. What we see is the motivation is totally wrong. Where is Christlikeness in all of this activity? Nowhere.
If we turn to the easy believism deeply entrenched within Fundamental Baptists, we see the same. They are taught that only soul winners get a free pass with God. Jack Hyles said that God overlooks a soul winning pastor when he falls into sin, and so should the rest of Christianity. So witnessing is a “get out of jail free” card with God. Nothing different here either then.
Where true Christianity differs with these false churches is that the motivation is to be like Christ, so they tell others of Christ’s saving power. They focus on the cross, and on the person of Christ as their example, what they want to emulate. Only when churches are grounded and saturated in the truth of God (this is the truth of God), then will they naturally multiply, then will they willingly seek to ministry, and then will they volunteer to go around the world to carry their religion to others.
I saw a Pew report (I believe it was) that said the number one reason why people join a church is because of a personal contact in that church. In other words, they were invited by a family member or friend, or they knew nobody but visited and somebody made an impression as being friendly and followed that up. That is overwhelmingly the reason people join a church. That is being like Christ. Christ loved.
What is the number one problem why our churches fail?
It is very simply because God’s people are not in the word growing personally and individually, and therefore Satan comes along and uses their immaturity, and causes somebody in the church to do something that “offends them” and a small war is set off. When people are fighting amongst themselves, they are not doing God’s will nor God’s work. The friendliness of the church disappears quickly. The Holy Spirit like a dove gets easily disturbed by this aggressive activity and flies away. Nothing is good no matter how “biblical” it is after that.
We must understand that we are in a spiritual fight, a contest, a competition. Satan desires to have us, basically to keep us from being anything or doing anything for God. When we get caught up in trivial things (from an eternal standpoint) then we get sidetracked. We don’t do what God wants us to do. That is why we fail.
How do I make my church grow?
While there are a lot of people out there preaching and teaching secrets, the truth is do what God wants. Go back to the Bible, and just obey it. Refuse to allow anything else to take over the assembly, and center things on Christ, salvation and the gospel, and the body life as it should be if we are loving Christ and loving each other because of our love of Christ.
Growth is something that you really cannot force. It is a lot like farming. You just get the right elements together, and there is some critical timing (like when to plant, and in a church, when to get literature, help, interest, energy, etc. into a new believer, or a grieving Christian, etc.), but basically there is no secret. If the right elements are there, growth unto fruit will come.
What we do so wrong in our churches is to try to “force fruit”. First we “jump the gun” defining fruit as being an outward external act or character. Good Christians all are generous. So we try to force our people to be generous. But it doesn’t work that way. When people’s hearts get right, they will be generous to the right thing. That is the problem. We try to define what spiritual fruit is in ways that are not right. Then we try to force that conduct on our people, and often they will do it but without the spiritual motivation, and everything goes wrong.
Will that always make the church grow? No.
People do not understand that life is very complicated. If we examine Israel, we see that they were hell bent on not following and loving God. There were revivals and repentance that lasted for generations, but eventually things got so bad that God had to punishment them and cut them off from the favored place what they had at one time. Many times churches take a similar path. The people are so ornery and mean that God will chasten them, and even extend it to their children and grandchildren when the children and grand children do not break from their parents sins.
So church growth depends on God’s blessings, and many times the leaders and church members think they are next to perfect in God’s sight, but they are far from it, and blessing just does not come. Sometimes there are other factors hindering God’s blessings like national sin, deep rooted sin in the people, and just God doesn’t want to bless.
When we consider America, how many millions of babes we have aborted and ended their lives, do you think you need any more than that one fact for God to withhold His blessing from America?
More articles on the Church
- Irrelevant Churches
- Conflict over Personal Preferences
- Death of Biblical Missions
- Great Churches
- Top Issues Church Planters Face #1
- Things that ruin a Church: Dominating, Controlling, Manipulating Dictator-Pastor
- Things that ruin a Church: People
- Things that ruin a Church: Events that Decay pt 2
- Things that ruin a Church: Events that Decay pt 1
- Things that ruin a Church: Qualities that Destroy | {
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LAS VEGAS — Shakur Stevenson believes he is on the precipice of boxing superstardom. The only person standing in his way? Oscar Valdez.
The Newark native finally will get a chance to fight the boxer he has been calling out for years on Saturday night at the MGM Grand Garden Arena, in a fight that ESPN will televise at 10 p.m. Valdez (30-0, 23 knockouts) is easily is the toughest opponent of Stevenson’s professional career.
Of course, Valdez could say the same thing about Stevenson. Since turning pro after winning a silver medal at the Rio Olympics in 2016, Stevenson is 17-0 with nine knockouts. His dominant performance against Jamel Herring in October has left him — and not the more experienced Valdez — as a 6-1 favorite to win this WBC-WBO super featherweight unification bout.
“I feel like, with Valdez, he is the perfect person to skyrocket my career,” Stevenson told NJ Advance Media in a wide-ranging conversation this week. “I see myself as the top young fighter in the sport, and after this fight, I think the whole world will see me as the same thing.”
Stevenson, 24, believes his entire career has been building toward this moment. From the time he was 5 years old and shadowing boxing with his grandfather, Wali Moses, at his Newark gym, Stevenson has been building toward this moment. He wanted to follow in the footsteps of his mentor, Andre Ward, and turn his successful amateur career into a brilliant professional one.
If he knocks out Valdez, he will enter the conversation as one of the best “pound for pound” fighters in boxing today. Stevenson believes he already belongs there, but Valdez — who defeated Robson Conceição by unanimous decision in September — is a step up in competition.
He is also a fighter that Stevenson believes has been dodging him for years. Valdez dropped his belt and moved up a weight class when Stevenson became his mandatory opponent at featherweight, so Stevenson was surprised when he got the news that he had agreed to take the fight.
“I couldn’t believe it,” Stevenson said. “I got a call while I was laying down in bed with my daughter. I was like, ‘Huh? Valdez is going to fight me? No way. I’ll believe it when I see it.’”
The world will see it on Saturday night. Valdez has promised to take a more “technical” approach to the fight, but Stevenson isn’t buying it. He believes that Valdez, a popular brawler who might have the crowd on his side at MGM Grand, will come at him early.
If he does, Stevenson expects Valdez to get frustrated at his inability to land a punch. The Newark native is one of the most technically sound fighters in the sport, but if he flashes the power he showed in defeating Herring, it could be lights out early in Vegas.
“If I’m at my best, nobody can beat me,“ Stevenson said. “I’ve been asking for this fight for a long time, and now the moment is finally here. I’m ready to fight. I’m tired of talking about it. I just want to fight.”
Thank you for relying on us to provide the journalism you can trust. Please consider supporting us with a subscription.
Steve Politi may be reached at [email protected]. | {
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Manchester United defeated relegation troubled Reading 4-3 after a first half that saw seven goals scored. Reading twice took the lead but United were able to successfully bounce back to claim a vital three points.
The 2012-13 Barclay's Premier League season has rarely seen an opening 45 minutes quite like the one that took place at the Madejski Stadium on Saturday. Reading opened the scoring much to the delight of the home fans after just eight minutes as Hal Robson-Kanu took an excellent volley that found its way into the top corner of Anders Lindegaard's net. United found themselves in the all too familiar position of being a goal behind. The Red Devils response was equally as familiar as the team rallied and scored a fantastic leveler through Anderson. The Brazilian midfielder collected a nice throughball from Ashley Young and blasted home from a difficult wide left position.
It looked like it would be all down hill for the home side from that moment on and sure enough, a silly challenge on Jonny Evans in the box from Tabb resulted in a penalty that Wayne Rooney easily finished to give the visitors a 2-1 lead. It looked increasingly likely that United would stroll to a memorable victory but the trend of poor defending would continue for both teams. Only three minutes later, Adam Le Fondre scored off of a corner with a nice header. Evans failed to mark the forward and Le Fondre easily put his header past Lindegaard and equalized for Reading. The Royals were not finished punishing United's shockingly bad set piece defending and Sean Morrison added Reading's third in the 23rd minute. Up 3-2, Reading felt that just maybe this could be their night as United were forced to dig deep and provide another comeback this time within the same game. United were able to fashion a nice comeback mainly due to Reading's poor defensive display as well. At the half-hour mark, Rooney scored his second goal of the night as he was able to convert a nice cross from Young into a goal. Only four minutes after that, Robin van Persie popped up with a cool finish after a nice ball was played through to him from Rooney. Reading's defense stopped playing as they expected the offside flag to go up but van Persie was correctly played onside and United found themselves 4-3 up. Rafael was replaced after 30 minutes by Chris Smalling for fear that his yellow card picked up earlier could potentially turn red and Anderson had to be replaced by Phil Jones due to injury. The madness of the first half was not quite done yet when van Persie should have had his second goal. The Dutch striker blasted the ball at goal only for Morrison to clear. Replays confirmed the ball did indeed cross the goal line and United should have been ahead 5-3. Halftime came with an astonishing seven goals scored in one half and no one would have bet that no more goals would come for either team in the second half.
The second 45 was a bore compared to the first and United saw out the game in relative comfort. United's defense was drastically better no doubt as a result of the hairdryer treatment from Sir Alex Ferguson in the dressing room. Neither side could score even though both did have their chances but a goal was never on the horizon and the match finished with all goals being scored in the first half. Reading, although stuck in a relegation fight at the moment, will have many positives to take from the match against United who were heavily favored to brush the Royals aside easily. United must find out how to stop conceding early goals and going behind first if they have a realistic chance of winning the league this season. With news that Nemanja Vidic will be back next week, United could perhaps be optimistic that their defensive frailties will be well behind them and soon.
Man of the Match: Wayne Rooney. In a match where defenses were non-existent, the attackers had the limelight and Rooney outshone them all being involved in almost all of United's goals. Scoring two himself and providing van Persie with a great ball that the Dutchman scored from, Rooney influenced United's attack in all of the ways that are expected from him. Perhaps not as influential in the second half but the damage was done in the first.
Reading: Adam Federici; Nicky Shorey, Adrian Mariappa, Sean Morrison, Shaun Cummings; Mikele Leigertwood, Jobi McAnuff (Gareth McCleary), Jay Tabb, Hal Robson-Kanu (Noel Hunt); Adam Le Fondre, Jason Roberts (Pavel Pogrebnyak)
Manchester United: Anders Lindegaard; Rafael (Chris Smalling), Patrice Evra, Rio Ferdinand, Jonny Evans; Anderson (Phil Jones), Michael Carrick, Darren Fletcher; Wayne Rooney, Ashley Young, Robin van Persie (Danny Welbeck)
Manchester United Next Match: Cluj (Champions League) Home Wednesday December 5
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Brewers remain committed to Gagne
GM Melvin discusses new closer, Mitchell Report
MILWAUKEE -- Brewers general manager Doug Melvin admitted on Friday that Eric Gagne's inclusion in the Mitchell Report on performance-enhancing drugs in baseball, just three days after Gagne and the Brewers finalized a $10 million contract, was a "black eye" for the organization.Turns out the Brewers nearly had two black eyes. Melvin revealed Friday morning on 1510 AM, Milwaukee's ESPN Radio affiliate, that he talked "at length" with Baltimore Orioles officials during last week's Winter Meetings about a trade for shortstop Miguel Tejada, another prominent player named by Mitchell in the report released on Thursday. Instead, the Orioles traded Tejada to the Houston Astros on Wednesday. Houston gave up five players to get Tejada, including outfielder Luke Scott and two pitchers that would have competed for the Astros' starting rotation. The Brewers were not willing to go that high. "It was going to involve giving up some of our good, young players," said Melvin, who said he spoke to Astros GM Ed Wade after the Mitchell Report was released. "We talked about moving Tejada to third base and [Ryan] Braun to the outfield. [Tejada] would have done that for a team that was a contending club. It was going to be [giving up] some of the players that might have impacted our club; we felt it wasn't the right thing to do. "Houston made a good deal. They got a good player in Tejada and the Orioles ended up getting five players back. We just weren't going to give up that kind of package for Tejada, who would have been signed for two more years." Melvin remained steadfast in his commitment to Gagne, who, according to the Mitchell Report, received two shipments of human growth hormone (HGH), at least one of them during his historic 2004 season in which Gagne's record streak of consecutive saves ended at 84. Major League Baseball and the MLB Players Association revised the Joint Drug Prevention and Treatment Program in early 2005 to formally ban HGH and imposed stiffer testing protocol and penalties for infractions. Telephone messages left Friday for both Gagne and his agent, Scott Boras, were not returned.
Others associated with the Brewers or the Mitchell Report also declined comment Friday. Brewers union representative Chris Capuano did not return a phone call, and another player said he was told to "stay as far away from this as possible."
Rick Thurman, the agent for Brewers reliever Derrick Turnbow, told a reporter he would have no comment. Turnbow was mentioned in the Mitchell Report for a previously disclosed failed drugs test in 2003, when Turnbow was trying out for the U.S. Olympic team. He was with the Angels at the time and was never disciplined by Major League Baseball.
Brewers assistant GM Gord Ash, whose duties include heading the team's medical program, told MLB.com that he had yet to read the document in full.
"My feeling is exactly what both Sen. Mitchell and Commissioner [Bud] Selig talked about, that the important part is not what happened in the past, but what we're going to do going forward," Ash said. "[Players Association head] Don Fehr talked about the fact that the testing program over the last two years has been, for the most mart, pretty effective, and it may continue to develop. That's the best that you can do."
Ash and other Brewers officials have thrown their support behind MLB's testing guidelines, though Ash said the team has little to do with the process other than granting testers entry to the stadium and the clubhouse.
"This is something we have been dealing with over the last two years," Ash said. "It has worked very well."
The Mitchell Report was nearly two years in the making, and Brewers officials decided they could not wait for it to be released to make their personnel decisions. The team finished as runners-up to the Cubs in the 2007 National League Central standings, and will enter 2008 expected to contend.That meant pursuing players before the report was issued. So far, the team has traded for relievers Guillermo Mota, who began last season serving a 50-game suspension for steroids, and Salomon Torres, claimed catcher Eric Munson off waivers and signed free agent catcher Jason Kendall and pitchers Randy Choate, Gagne and David Riske. In his morning radio interview, Melvin conceded that it was a bit embarrassing to see Gagne show up in the report. "We know this is a black eye with the signing of Eric just a couple days earlier," Melvin told the station. "Any player that you were going to acquire or sign as free agents, sure, there were people in the organization who said, 'Hey, they might be on the report.' But it's all speculation. No one knew about it. No one had any facts on it. We all decided that if [a player] is on the report, it has to be from prior years, because the last two years, there has been a drug testing program in place that has been abided by." Gagne battled elbow and back injuries in 2005 and 2006, but re-established himself in 2007 after signing as a free agent with Texas, posting a 2.16 ERA with 16 saves in 34 games. He struggled after a trade to Boston and a new role as a setup man, putting up a 6.75 ERA in 20 appearances. That the Red Sox traded for Gagne was interesting given another aspect of the Mitchell Report. In it, Mitchell writes about an e-mail exchange between Boston GM Theo Epstein and scout Marc DelPiano in which Epstein asked, "What do you hear on his medical?" DelPiano responded, in part, that, "Mentality without the plus weapons and without steroid help probably creates a large risk in bounce-back durability and ability to throw average while allowing the changeup to play as it once did." Melvin said he sought referrals from both Epstein and field manager Terry Francona before the Brewers signed Gagne, and performance-enhancing drugs never came up. Melvin also downplayed the Red Sox's concerns, pointing out that Epstein acquired Gagne anyway in a July 2007 trade. "[The suspicions] obviously didn't mean much to Theo, because they gave up three pretty good prospects and paid the incentives that didn't have to be paid for [Gagne's] contract, and paid him $3.5 million for half a season and acquired him [in July]," Melvin said on the radio. The Brewers were heavily involved with the Rangers at the time and were reportedly willing to part with outfielder Tony Gwynn, Jr. and left-handed prospect Zach Jackson to get Gagne. "All of this evidence coming out on the players, it's all prior to the '05 season," Melvin said. "As we go into the '08 season, we're evaluating talent based on what we've seen in the last season, [or] two seasons. Did we know that certain players were doing this? No, we didn't know that. You can speculate."
Adam McCalvy is a reporter for MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs. | {
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Born at Amsterdam, 24 Nov., 1632; died at The Hague, 21 Feb., 1677. He belonged to a family of Jewish merchants of moderate means, and was originally called Baruch, a name that he later translated into its Latin equivalent Benedict. His father's name was Michael, his mother, Michael's second wife, was called Hana Debora. In 1641 Michael married a third wife who was named Hester de Espinosa. The family probably had some connexion with the little town of Espino in Spanish Galicia, and with the celebrated Marrano family there called Espinosa. (The Marranos were Spanish Jews compelled to conform outwardly to Christianity.) Baruch attracted attention in the school for Portuguese Jews at Amsterdam by his talents and application to study. He made rapid progress in Hebrew and the study of the Talmud, and his teachers, especially Rabbi Saul Levi Morteira, had the greatest hopes of his future. It was intended that he should become a rabbi. The subtle methods of the teachers of the Talmud undoubtedly trained his intellect and led it particularly to reasoning by analogy. The moral teaching of the Haggada had a great and permanent influence upon his code of living. However, the difficulties in regard to the Scriptures, which he deduced from what he read, made a stronger impression upon him than their solutions. Thus he was a troublesome and critical pupil, although at the same time a modest one. He read and despised the Cabalists; yet traces of their influence are recognizable in his philosophy; mention should here be particularly made of the book called "Zohar" and of Herrera's work "Porta cæli". He studied industriously the Jewish writers on the philosophy of religion, especially Maimonides, Gersonides, Chasdai Kreskas, and Ibn Esra, and later adopted much from them. The writings of the Arabian philosopher Al Farabi and of his commentator Ismail show striking similarities, even in the smallest details, with the later system of Spinoza. There are also clear evidences of connexion between the strange work of Ibn Tofail, the story of "Hai Ibn Joktan", and the conceptions of Spinoza.
About 1651 Spinoza, unable to see his way clearly, seems for a short time to have abandoned metaphysical studies, and to have fought a hard battle with his passions. Even at this time he was looked upon with suspicion by orthodox Jews. He now devoted himself to the natural philosophy of Descartes. Coming back in his way to metaphysics, he completely overcame the scepticism, and, resuming his first studies, began to lay the foundation of his new system. The philosophy of Descartes aided him in recasting the notions which he had previously acquired. After the death of his father in 1654, Spinoza was almost completely cast off by his family and, having no means, taught in the private Humanistic school of the ex-Jesuit and freethinker Franz van den Enden. Here he perfected himself in Latin and continued his philosophical investigations by the study of St. Augustine, the Stoics, Scholasticism (in a somewhat superficial manner), the philosophy of the Renaissance and that of some modern writers, especially of Hobbes. His later psychology shows extraordinary similarities with the teachings of Marcus Marci and of Glisson.
Spinoza now frequented almost exclusively the society of Christians, i.e. of the free-thinking sort, and especially of Mennonites. His lifelong friendships, as known from his letters, date in part from this period. In 1656 he was formally expelled from the Jewish community and soon afterwards from Amsterdam. A somewhat legendary attack upon his life is said to have been made about this time. He never became a Christian. He now began to dictate in Latin some of the principles of his philosophy to a company of pupils at Ouderkerk near Amsterdam. A Dutch translation of this dictation exists in two manuscripts which were discovered in 1853 and 1861 by Friedrich Müller, a Dutch bookseller. The translation as found in these manuscripts had been largely revised, had notes that were traceable, however, to Spinoza himself, and had been somewhat unskillfully handled by an editor. Since the discovery the manuscripts have been published a number of times both in the original text and in translations. The characteristics of the later system of the "Ethics" are evident in this "Korte Verhandeling van God, de Mensch, en deszelvs Welstand". But neither the doctrine of the one and only Divine substance, nor the higher unity of "extension" and "thought" in the infinite and the finite, nor the instinct of self-preservation, is clearly expressed in it. Spinoza, obliged to seek some other means of support, became a very skilful grinder of lenses; his work commanded good prices. About 1660 he retired to the village of Rijnsburg near Leyden. The little house in which he lived still stands, and has been bought by admirers of the philosopher; it contains a fine library. Here Spinoza devoted himself to a revision of the "Korte Verhandeling" which was never completed. The result of these labours was an important unfinished treatise "De intellectus emendatione", with preparations for his great work, the "Ethics", and the development of the "geometrical method". While at Rijnsburg he was greatly stimulated in his work by the reports of the lectures of the professors of philosophy of Leyden (among whom should be included Geulincx), which were brought to him by students of the university. While at this village he also became acquainted with the celebrated Stensen, and had here a pupil named Casearius, whom he instructed in the Cartesian philosophy. In 1663 Spinoza published a book under his own name called "Renati des Cartes principiorum philosophiæ Pars I et II, more geometrico demonstratæ", and a supplement to this under the title, "Cogitata metaphysica". The work does not give Spinoza's own philosophy, but glimpses of his views may be found in it.
While at Rijnsburg Spinoza also taught by correspondence some young friends at Amsterdam who had moved to Voorburg, near The Hague. His acquaintance with scholars and statesmen increased. He was witty, was esteemed as a great Biblical critic and mathematician, and had the reputation of possessing a fine political sense. Jan de Witt and van Beuningen held him in high regard. Huygens interested himself in Spinoza's lenses. Great expectations were expressed of his philosophy by Heinrich Oldenburg of Bremen, who had visited Spinoza at Rijnsburg, and now, in connexion with Robert Boyle, was active in London as the secretary of the Royal Society, and by the learned Ludwig Meyer. While living at Voorburg Spinoza worked hard on a lengthy treatise to which he later gave the title of "Tractatus theologico-politicus". He drew largely for this work from the Arabian and Jewish philosophy of religion and from the old rabbinical exegesis. But his main sources were early, little-known Jewish heretics and obscure Christian writers of his own time, especially Peyrère's "Systema theologicum ex Præadamitarum hypothesi" (1655). Spinoza's political views were largely inspired by Jan de Witt and his friends; the same opinions are to be found in the writings of other Dutch political writers of the same period, e.g. van den Hove. Spinoza, however, in publishing his treatise, had special aims in view. It was intended to establish and enlarge the ecclesiastical and political principles of Jan de Witt and at the same time to lead the way to the publication of his own philosophy. According to Spinoza the Holy Scripture of the Old Testament are not without error and are not inspired in the strict sense. They do not teach us with certainty as to the nature of God and His characteristics, but only concerning obedience to God, piety, and love. Consequently the text of the Bible can never come into conflict with philosophy and civil law. But, according to Spinoza, the limitations of philosophy and law are also clearly defined. As it is only in the State that justice and law, injustice and transgression are conceivable, the individual, in order to be able to live according to reason, must surrender his rights to the community. Then, too, he must obey the government in everything, even against his reason and conviction, unless a command contradicts universal feeling, as the murder of parents. Freedom of thinking and speaking, however, cannot be forbidden by the State; if it has the power to do this, the right, indeed, cannot be denied it, but the prohibition would be disadvantageous to it, because its own existence would be endangered by such tyranny. No man can ever act according to his convictions, if a law of the State stands in the way. Thus Spinoza upholds only a partial freedom of conscience. On the other hand the government has the right to supervise the external practice of religion. It is easy to understand that the Church councils and synods of Holland took energetic measures against this work, which appeared anonymously in 1670. Up to 1676 at least thirty-seven decisions or edicts against the work had appeared.
From 1670 Spinoza lived at The Hague, at first in the Veerkade, then not far from this spot in the Paviljoensgracht, near the monument erected in 1880. Both houses are still in existence, but the latter, in which Spinoza died, has lately been completely rebuilt. The philosopher laboured with zeal on his great work; in order to be independent and undisturbed in elaborating his system of philosophy he declined a call to a professorship at Heidelberg. His plan to publish his system of ethics in 1675 failed, owing to the opposition of his enemies. Originally Spinoza seems to have had the intention to found a kind of philosophical world-religion. He believed that the basic ideas of his view of the world were to be found among the old Hebrews, in Christ, and in St. Paul. In his opinion this philosophy, without the Holy Scripture, sufficed for the truly wise. In order to understand his conception of the original Christianity it must be remembered that his acquaintance from the beginning had been among latitudinarian Christians, who emphasized the moral life, not dogma, that, with many of his Christian friends, he regarded the Antitrinitarians as the most genuine Christians, that he found traces of his philosophy in the writings of Christian mystics, and finally that among the first writings which had introduced him to Christianity had been Hobbes's books "De cive" and "Leviathan". Towards the end of his life Spinoza had bitter disappointments, which, however, seldom disturbed his stoical composure. He lived tranquilly at The Hague in the midst of his work, his correspondence, and his friends. He began an exceedingly interesting political treatise in which he did not change his earlier views but rather carried them further. He also wrote a short treatise on the rainbow, and a Hebrew grammar, and, as it seems, translated the Pentateuch. He was a victim to the disease from which his family suffered, consumption, and this was aggravated by his work in grinding lenses. He died peacefully, in the presence of a physician who was a friend. Even the other people in the house did not know he was dying. The little he left was, as it were, a mirror of his life. Spinoza was a very frugal and unselfish man. He declined all money and pensions that he did not absolutely require. His way of living could not be simpler; it was only for books that he spent relatively large sums. The virtues which he most highly prized and consistently practised were control of the feelings, equability of spirit, love of country, loyalty and industry, moderation and love of the truth. In society he was animated and witty; he enjoyed being alone, and yet was kindly disposed towards his fellow men. Union with God, as he conceived of the Deity, i.e. as a thinking and infinite, necessarily existing, immanent cause of all existence, and love for this Being were to him the highest of all things. He was immovably convinced that his was the true philosophy, could scarcely understand any view that deviated from his own, was hard and unjust in the judgments of other thinkers, was not easily approached with objections, and was incapable of appreciating with historical objectivity other views of the world.
In 1677 his literary remains were published under the title "B. D. S. Opera posthuma". In this publication were included his system of ethics, the unfinished political tractate, the treatise "De emendatione intellectus", letters to and from him, and lastly his compendium of Hebrew grammar. The Dutch translation of the same year has great critical value. The tractate on the rainbow was first published anonymously in Dutch at The Hague in 1687. The problems added for the calculus of probabilities are not by Spinoza. The philosopher seems to have destroyed his translation of the Pentateuch; the Spanish apology which he drew up when expelled form the synagogue has not, so far, been found.
It is impossible to describe in a short article the Spinozistic system as a whole. For it is just the rigidly unified, minute construction of that system and the labyrinth of its thought processes that are of importance for the history of philosophy as an original creation. On the other hand, the elements, bases, and individual results are neither new nor original. Spinoza's view of the world is so constructed that the final results can be reached with equal logic from its epistemological and psychological assumptions, and from its ethical and metaphysical axioms. The view of Spinozism held by the present writer, which frequently varies from the views formerly held, can merely be indicated in what follows.
According to Spinoza there are no universal notions. Only that is thinkable which actually exists or will exist at some time. Further, only the necessary is thinkable. Existence and necessity, however, cannot be deduced from the nature of finite things; we must therefore conceive of a Being (God) necessarily existing and necessarily acting, from which all else follows of necessity. This Being is not the cause but the first principle in the manner of mathematical entities; the things come from it by mathematical sequence, for only in this way, says the philosopher, can the immutability of the first principle be maintained, only thus is a relation of the infinite to the finite thinkable; and only in this way is the unity of nature preserved, without fusing the substance of God with that of finite things. Yet the axiom "God=Nature" is valid because the things necessarily following from the Being of God belong in some way to God. Only the Being of God is independent; Spinoza calls this Being alone substance. All things (modi) must be founded in the attributes of God. This is one approach to Spinozism.
Another is the following: Spinoza observed in nature, on the one side, only systems of motion and rest which were derived from one another in an endless series of causes and effects; on the other side, running exactly parallel to these, but not influenced by them, a series of ideas. These systems of motion and ideas cannot be understood of themselves alone, but only with the aid of the notions of extension and thought, and these two notions contain in themselves the characteristic of infinity. Thus we are brought to a necessarily existing Being on whom all other beings must depend in their existence and nature. The facts of experience, as conditio sine qua non, lead us to the knowledge that the change which we observe can only be explained by an instinct of self-preservation existing in all things, which constitutes their individual nature. This instinct, then, is the relative factor in the scientific construction of ethics and politics. The Absolute, which corresponds to it and establishes it, consists of the immanently working, countless attributes of the universal substance. This is the second approach to Spinozism.
We now come to a third: Scepticism is completely overcome only when the idea is nothing else than the objective side of the process of movement which is identical with it under another point of view. Only then does the succession of things fully coincide with the succession of ideas. Thus truth and certainty are the same. The fact that there are ill-defined and false ideas can, accordingly, only be explained in that these ideas, so far as they do not prove themselves to be arbitrary combinations and fictions, are merely part-knowledge. Such part-knowledge, however, signifies that the one with such knowledge is in some sense part of an absolute intelligence. Therefore the part-extension identical with and corresponding with the part-knowledge is only a part of an infinite and indivisible extension. Consequently, in the infinite also, extension and thought are, absolutely considered, identical; as relative things they are different. Applied to ethics this doctrine signifies that good and evil have meaning only from the point of view of an incomplete part-knowledge; aplied to politics it sets up for the individual life the axiom right is might, and ascribes to the State the creation of right.
Lastly, ethics as a doctrine of happiness, which is really Spinoza's starting-point, leads to the same result. His main question was, how is perfect happiness possible? Now he could only conceive of perfect peace and happiness on the supposition that all earthly happenings proceed as the necessary consequence of the nature of the absolutely infinite Being; whomever recognizes this and rests lovingly in this knowledge enjoys perfect peace. The aim of life is to attain this knowledge cognitio subspecie æternitatis. From this opinion, however, it follows necessarily that the individual acts of knowledge proceed in some manner from God's own thought (the soul therefore is no substance), that the nature of the individual soul is an individual instinct towards perfection (conatus in suo esse perseverandi—in order to preserve the continuity of all self-consciousness), that evil proceeds from a lack of adequate knowledge, that the material is only another side of the spiritual, because otherwise Spinoza would have had to suppose a second source of evil besides imperfect knowledge.
These statements show also the way in which Spinoza can be refuted. It must be shown that God's unchangeableness does not involve the necessity of all Divine action; it must be proved that the dependence of the finite upon the infinite does not demand a counter-relation in the infinite, and that there is a metaphysic world of pure possibility and universal conceptions. Further, it must be shown that an objectively true knowledge is possible, even though the order of ideas does not run strictly parallel to the order of things, and though the two orders are not identical. The positive contradictions of this identity in the finite must be revealed, and it must be shown that in the Spinozistic psychology the continuity of self-consciousness, notwithstanding the instinct of self-preservation, is destroyed, and that the part-knowledge of Spinoza, with the system of happiness built upon it, involves an impenetrable mystery and therefore is untenable as a philosophical view of the world. Some friends and later admirers of Spinoza thought they could combine his philosophy with Christianity. A hopeless attempt in this direction is made in the introduction to the "Opera posthuma" written by Ludwig Meyer. Jarrig Jellis, Spinoza's friend, also exerted himself to bring Spinozism and Christianity together. More ingenious and profound but also exceedingly sophisticated is the treatise issued anonymously in 1684 by Abraham Cuffeler, "Specimen artis ratiocinandi naturalis et artificialis ad pantosophiæ principia manuducens". A number of writers leave one in doubt as to whether they did not use Christianity merely as a cloak. Others, e.g. Bredenburg, and Wittich in his "Anti-Spinoza", adopted only individual principles of Spinozism. When in the second half of the eighteenth century the reputation of Spinoza was again revived both in Germany and France simultaneously, the effort was once more made to reconcile Spinozism and Christianity. Mention might here be made of Heydenreich, Herder, and Sabatier de Castres.
That in the present time Spinoza has again become very modern is traceable to nine reasons: his criticism of the Scriptures, his doctrine of free-thought, his theory of the State as the source of right, his doctrine of happiness founded on necessity, his doctrine of morals dissociated from positive religion, his axiom Deus sive Natura and the justification of this axiom, his conception of the identity of thought and movement in the Absolute, his distinction of absolute and relative knowledge, finally his realism in the theory of knowledge to which many modern philosophers are returning.
The bibliography prepared by VAN DER LINDE extends only to 1871. It has been partially supplemented by GRUNWALD, Spinoza in Deutschland (Berlin, 1897), by WEG, Katalog 29 (Leipzig, 1893), which contained the collection of works on Spinoza that had been sold for America, and by the Katalog "Spinoza", No. 598 (Frankfort, 1912). The relatively best but in no way complete edition of his works is that of VAN VLOTEN AND LAND (2nd ed., The Hague, 1895). Of this publication the "Ethics" alone has appeared in a third edition (1905). English translations of Spinoza, omitting the defective one of WILLIS, are: FULLERTON, Ethics (New York, 1894); HALE WHITE and HUTCHINSON STERLING (3rd ed., London, 1899); this edition includes also the De intellectus emendatione; ELWES has edited the chief works (London, 1883-84), but with the letters freely abridged; GILLINGHAM ROBINSON, Korte Verhandeling (Chicago, 1909), defective, see below Wolf. An excellent translation into Dutch of all the works of Spinoza is that of MEYER (Amsterdam, 1897-1905); the best French translation is that of APPUHN (Paris, 1907-09), the correspondence and the theologico-political and the political treatises have yet to be published. Among the German translations should be mentioned the one made for the Philosophical Library by BÄNSCH, BUCHENAU, and GEBHARDT. An excellent facsimile edition of all the letters was issued by MEIJER in numbered copies at The Hague. A facsimile of the notes in handwriting to the theologico-polital treatise was published by ALTKIRCH in the journal Ost und West (1901).
FREUDENTHAL, Die Lebensgeschichte Spinoza in Quellenschriften, Urkunden und nichtamtlichen Nachrichten (Leipzig, 1899), and Spinoza I, Das Leben Spinoza (Stuttgart, 1904). A quantity of new material is in MEINSMA, Spinoza en zijn Kring (The Hague, 1896). The youth and development of Spinoza is described in detail by DUNIN-BORKOWSKI, Der junge De Spinoza, Leben u. Werdegang im Licht der Weltphilosophie (Münster, 1910).
Other biographies which also contain exposition of the ethical system are: POLLOCK, Spinoza, His Life and Philosophy (2nd ed., London, 1899); WILLIS, B. de Spinoza, His Life, Correspondence and Ethics (2nd ed., London, 1870); KUNO FISCHER, Spinozas Leben, Werke und Lehre (5th ed., Heidelberg, 1900); COUCHOUD, Benoît de Spinoza (Paris, 1902); BRUNSCHVICG, Spinoza (2nd ed., Paris, 1906). WOLF has lately issued an English translation of the Korte Verhandeling, with a life of Spinoza (London, 1910).
There are innumerable presentations of Spinoza's theories; among those of earlier times the works of BOULAINVILLIERS, JACOB, the two SIGWARTS, TRENDELENBURG, and BOEHMER are very readable. Later works are: MARTINEAU, A Study of Spinoza (2nd ed., London, 1899); CAIRD, Spinoza (cheap ed., London, 1903); JOACHIM, A Study of the Ethics of Spinoza (Oxford, 1901); DIFF, Spinoza's Political and Ethical Philosophy (Glasgow, 1903); PICTON, Spinoza, a Handbook to the Ethics (London, 1907); CAMERER, Die Lehre Spinozas (1877); Spinoza und Schliermacher (Stuttgart, 1903); WENDELBAND in his history of modern philosophy. Very important for Spinoza's teaching is BRUNNER, Die Lehre von den Geistigen und vom Volke, I, pt. II (Berlin, 1908).
Of other important monographs there can only be mentioned: FULLERTON, On Spinozistic Immortality (Philadelphia, 1899); DELBOS, Le problème moral dans la philosophie de Spinoza (Paris, 1893); WORMS, La morale de Spinoza (Paris, 1891); RIVAUD, Les notions d'essence et d'existence dans la philos. de Spinoza (Paris, 1906); LÉON, Les éléments Cartésiens de la doctrine Spinoziste (Paris, 1907); FREUDENTHAL, Spinoza und die Scholastik (Leipzig, 1887), 83, 138, one of the philosophical essays dedicated to W. Zeller; LUDWIG STEIN, Leibniz und Spinoza (Berlin, 1890); JOEL, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie (2 vols., Breslau, 1876), important for the history of the development of Spinoza; BALTZER, Spinozas Entwicklungsgang (Kiel, 1888); VOLKELT, Pantheismus und Individualismus im System Spinozas (Leipzig, 1872); ZULAWSKI, Das Problem der Kausalität bei Spinoza (Berne, 1899); GEBHARDT, Spinozas Abhandlung über die Verbesserung des Verstandes (Heidelberg, 1905); ZEITSCHEL, Erkenntnislehre Spinozas (Leipzig, 1899); RICHTER, Der Willensbegriff in der Lehre Spinozas (Leipzig, 1898); BUSOLT, Die Grundzüge der Erkenntnistheorie und Metaphysik Spinozas (Berlin, 1875); BECHER, Der Begriff des Attributs bei Spinoza (Halle, 1905). There are also a large number of more or less valuable essays in the Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale, from 1900 in the Année Philosophique; also in the Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie, in Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik, in Vierteljahrschrift für wissenschaftliche Philosophie; also several in Mind, in Navorscher, in Oud-Holland, in Tijdschr. voor Wijsbegeerte, in Revue philosophique, in Stimmen aus Maria-Laach, especially vol. LXXIX, 521 sq., and in the Studiën of Godsdienstig, wetenschappelijk en letterkundig gebied, no 48, 460 sqq.
APA citation. (1912). Benedict Spinoza. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14217a.htm
MLA citation. "Benedict Spinoza." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14217a.htm>.
Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by WGKofron. In memory of Fr. John Hilkert, Akron, Ohio Fidelis servus et prudens, quem constituit Dominus super familiam suam.
Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. July 1, 1912. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.
Contact information. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. My email address is feedback732 at newadvent.org. (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads. | {
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This is a time of year I enjoy greatly – and not only because the opportunity to bolster one of Europe’s sun-drenched but struggling economies approaches. There are performances aplenty. In the secondary sector there was MGS Summer Concert – and then a smaller contingent of the Guitar Ensemble played at the MGS Prize Giving last night. It always amazes me how the smaller group (8 members) sounds louder than the full ensemble (20+) – there’s a psychology/physics PhD in there, I’m sure.
In the purely primary zone, there are two nights of Annie at Wallyford PS. My colleague, Ewan Armstong, is the MD for this and puts in the spade work over many weeks. I simply swan in with a bass guitar on the night(s) and join in. On a personal level, this is one of the year’s most enjoyable musical challenges. There is no written part. The trick is to watch what Ewan is playing and decide, on the hoof, the best thing to compliment it. While it’s important that young people grasp the value of rehearsal – of preparing the music as carefully as possible – I think it’s also important for those hoping to pursue the art, that they see other ways of operating – some of which are thrust upon us from time to time. The closing night is this evening. If it’s anything like the miraculous opening night then it will be great.
My final visit to Campie for this session ended with a concert by guitarists in P5-P7 for the P4s – from whose ranks next year’s guitarists will emerge. I was really thrilled by this event. The pupils played excellently and we were able to squeeze in a few more courageous soloists than was the case during the school’s Musical Evening a couple of weeks earlier. Especially promising was the rapt attention of the P4 pupils and their intelligent questions and observations.
Transition is often where the fun is. Pupils from Campie PS and Wallyford PS joined the MGS Guitar Ensemble in the Summer Concert. Tomorrow, former pupils from Wallyford – currently at MGS – will visit the school to join with departing P7s in a performance at the Leavers’ Assembly. I’m always touched by the affectionate regard in which the pupils hold their former school, and with the warm reception they receive from their former teachers. It really is the best way to end the year and helps keep a sense of the big picture.
Have an excellent summer, one and all! | {
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Tue, 22/05/2012 - 06:30
Virgin Books has acquired rights in Norman Mailer's biography of Marilyn Monroe, Marilyn, making it available for the first time as a mass-market paperback.
Virgin Books editorial director Kate Moore bought UK and Commonwealth rights, excluding Canada, but including e-book and serial, to the biography from Charles Buchan...
Mon, 13/02/2012 - 08:10
Virgin Books has scored the autobiography of Olympic athlete and “I’m a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here” contestant Fatima Whitbread.
Editorial director Kate Moore bought world rights (excluding serialisation) in the title from Juliet Mushens at Peters, Fraser and Dunlop. It will be published in July 2012.
Fri, 10/02/2012 - 10:33
Virgin Books has acquired a book bringing the 1920s to life, timing publication to coincide with the third series of ITV series "Downton Abbey", which will be set in the decade.
Editorial director Kate Moore bought world rights directly from the author, Alison Maloney, in Bright Young Things: Life in the Roaring...
Wed, 18/05/2011 - 14:44
Michael O’Mara has acquired a title about the health benefits of aspirin written by a former GP.
MOM commissioning editor Kate Moore acquired world rights in An Aspirin A Day by Dr Keith Souter from Souter’s agent Isabel Atherton of Creative Authors Ltd. MOM will publish on 2nd June 2011.
Mon, 21/02/2011 - 08:47
Michael O'Mara has acquired an anthology about the writers of "Hancock's Half Hour" and "Steptoe and Son", dubbed "the fathers of the British sitcom".
Commissioning editor Kate Moore bought world rights with Elly James of the HHB agency, and Tessa le Bars of Tessa le Bars Management on behalf of... | {
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Japanese Stakeholders for the Promotion of Sustainable Development
- Date submitted: 31 Oct 2011
- Stakeholder type: Major Group
- Name: Japanese Stakeholders for the Promotion of Sustainable Development
- Submission Document: Download
Full SubmissionThe Japanese National Preparatory Committee for Rio +20 and its Activities Given UN Resolution 64/236, the Japanese National Preparatory Committee for Rio +20 was established on Wednesday, July 13, 2011 as a voluntary gathering of a wide range of stakeholders with an interest in Rio +20, including the 9 major groups mentioned in Agenda 21, in order to promote dialogue for Rio +20 between stakeholders in Japan. The co-Chairs of the Japanese National Preparatory Committee for Rio +20 were selected at its first meeting on July 13, 2011. The Japanese National Preparatory Committee for Rio +20 hosted workshops with the purpose of sharing information and exchanging views on the issues of Rio +20 to reflect a wide range of Japanese stakeholders? input in the preparation of the zero draft of the Rio+20 outcome document. The opinions and recommendations of the Japanese National Preparatory Committee for Rio +20 are summarized below in this proposal. Key Messages from Japanese Stakeholders Expecting Political Commitments to Develop a Sustainable International Society for the 21st Century Our Lessons learned from Experiences from the Great East Japan Earthquake, Tsunami, and the subsequent Nuclear Power Plant Accident The global environment has, despite great efforts, deteriorated in the 20 years since the Rio Summit was held, while the global economy and most regional economies are floundering. We believe that now is the time to take action in cooperation with the peoples of the world so that future generations are not exposed to significant environmental risks or ecological crises and can live a comfortable and healthy life. Amidst this backdrop, people live in Japan experienced the unprecedented Great East Japan Earthquake, tsunami and subsequent nuclear power accident in March 2011. During the reconstruction process, Japan is striving to build a resilient society that is considerate of the local environment, economy, society and cultural values. Japan has also received massive amounts of assistance for its reconstruction effort from countries around the world. We sincerely appreciate this international assistance. Based on the lessons learned during the reconstruction process in the wake of the Great East Japan Earthquake we, Japanese multi-stakeholders convey the following message for Rio +20. All countries that use nuclear power as well as international society must learn from this accident and take fundamental measures to strengthen nuclear power safety. Reviews concerning the future direction of nuclear power and shifts to renewable energy policy should be held with participation from a wide range of domestic and international actors. In addition, radioactive contamination spread from the nuclear power accident has polluted foodstuff, water, the ocean and soil, threatened economic activities and the sound daily life of the people, and has forced local residents to evacuate their homes. This experience has taught us that 21st century society must be firmly grounded in systems that ensure environmental conservation and ecosystem services, which form critical infrastructure that is at the very heart of human survival. The spirit of transnational and trans-regional gKyoujyo (mutual assistance)h illustrated in the wake of the earthquake and tsunami represents the exact stance required to build a sustainable society. Japan would like to provide as reference to the discussions on sustainable development in Rio +20 the example of ggreen reconstruction1h in which the sustainable use of natural capital2 has been used as part of the earthquake reconstruction effort that is seeking to quickly restore the core industries of the disaster-affected areas, including agriculture, forestry and fisheries, while balancing biodiversity conservation with development, based on the traditions and culture of these local areas. Japan retains energy saving, environmentally sound and recycling technologies that are among the best in the world today and also has a track record of social systems such as the energy efficiency top-runner approach and the pledge and review system. There is also the fact that Japanese earthquake-resistant technologies, safety management systems, and disaster prevention measures also functioned during the Great East Japan Earthquake, as evidenced by Shinkansen bullet trains stopping safely as well as earthquake resistance technologies and safety management practices in high-rise buildings living up to their potential. We would like to further improve Japanese world-leading technologies and supporting social systems, further deepen understanding, diffusion and capacity building both in Japan and internationally, and, by doing so, make contributions to the development of a sustainable world. We Japanese Stakeholders Expect the Following Political Commitments to be Adopted as the Outcome of Rio +20 1) Add culture as the fourth pillar of sustainable development and promote multi-layered initiatives: In order to develop a sustainable global community in the 21st century, we must attain a uniform sustainability based on multifaceted and multilayered relationships as well as add culture to the other pillars of the environment, economy and society. We need to learn from the wisdom and traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples and history rooted in local communities and the countries, such as, for example, actions embodied by the Japanese term gMottainaih or the spirit of the indigenous Ainu people that deeply reveres nature, as well as value cultural diversity and work together with the many different stakeholders that make up the global community while respecting one another. The promotion of above-mentioned multilayered initiatives is essential for sustainable development. 2) Promote sustainable development under social justice and steadfast principles: The principles that should be shared by all peoples and countries of the world are essential to the realization of a sustainable society. Specifically, these principles include respect for human rights as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the achievement of social justice across generations, genders and regions, control of the law, the disclosure of public information to the public, promotion of participation of women, children, youth and other socially vulnerable groups in the policy making processes, the assurance of transparency in policy formulation, implementation, oversight and evaluation, the decentralization of power and local sovereignty, the polluter-pays principle and the beneficiaries-pay principle, the establishment of decision-making rules based on scientific knowledge incorporating precautionary principles, and in particular the need for thorough, multifaceted screening of existing and new technologies. 3) Stabilize the economic infrastructure needed for sustainable development as soon as possible: In order to achieve sustainable development globally and eradicate poverty, we need to build a sound economy within the capacity of the current / future global environment, as well as make the transition from currently battered global economy to a new stable growth path as soon as possible. To that end, it is essential to rectify the skewed international distribution of capital, resolve, in particular, domestic fiscal deficits and balance of international balance of payments , as well as internationally regulate speculative money that has brought about disorder in international financial markets and unjustly inflated the international price of crude oil and mineral resources, which are the cornerstones of economic and industrial activities, as well as foodstuff essential to the daily life of humankind. 4) Develop a system internationally to conserve the natural environment and utilize natural capital in a sustainable manner: The globalization-driven competition for/exploitation of resources such as fossil fuels, mineral resources, fishery resources, water resources and forest resources has, depending on the region, amplified diplomatic tension between countries as well as the threat of armed conflict. In addition, the deterioration of natural capital is progressing due to the Climate change and loss of biodiversity. In aiming to conserve the natural environment and utilize natural capital in a sustainable manner, biodiversity conservation on a worldwide scale (specifically, the achievement of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets), respect for the decision-making process of local communities, a major shift to lifestyles of sustainable consumption, and the establishment of sustainable production structures that make the production of environmentally and economically balanced products and services mainstream are desirable. In addition, with regard to the utilization of natural capital, there is also a proposal to use natural capital3 based on the gUser Recovery Principleh and we expect that discussions surrounding this proposal will broadened. 5) Build a system in recognition of diverse values where all people can equally participate and collaborate: Together with reviewing and exploring a possibility to expand the major groups of Agenda 21, it will be important for all major groups and other stakeholders, while avoiding a dichotomy in each country and international society, to reaffirm their individual roles for sustainable development and transfer this reaffirmation into action based on deeper awareness of diverse values and perspectives achieved through multi-stakeholder dialogue. Governments must also recognize this importance and quickly push forward with building an environment to strengthen multi-stakeholder-led international collaboration and cooperation frameworks. These same efforts are required at the intergovernmental level as well. We Japanese Stakeholders Recommend the Following Policy Measures to Build a Sustainable Global Community We Japanese Stakeholders recommend the following policy measures for all countries to implement for achieving the aforementioned domestic and international policy targets on a global scale. i) New energy vision required for the 21st century and the mechanisms to guarantee this vision (a) Enhance energy and resource efficiency, encourage R&D on technologies for renewable energies, such as biomass, geothermal, small hydroelectric, (expand) existing hydroelectric, photovoltaic (sunlight), concentrated solar heat, and wind power; maximize use and utilization of renewable resources; and, implement the necessary policies (subsidies, tax benefits, consortiums, international collaboration, etc). (b) Promote international policy initiatives to disseminate the best available technologies and best practices throughout the world. (c) Enhance nuclear power safety based on international standards, including reviews of the appropriate timing for decommissioning reactors, and ensure the proper disposal of nuclear waste. In addition, there are different opinions on the future of nuclear power, calling for a quick and planned exit or leaveing nuclear power open as an option. ii) Promotion of low-carbon and sound material-cycle and biodiversity considering city and urban planning based on the unique characteristics and initiatives of local communities (d) Promote related local government measures (land use, construction, transportation, energy, etc.) to create the above city. (e) Use IT and advanced technologies hat have a minimal impact on the environment. (f) Build a sound material-cycle urban society through the advanced use of resources. (g) Promote local production for local consumption. Encourage cooperation between producing and consuming areas of food, water and energy producing areas and consuming areas, as well as support intercity cooperation both domestically and internationally to promote technology transfers. (h) Develop partnerships with the national government to undertake above-mentioned policy measures ((d)-(g)) iii) Mechanisms to ensure employment and economic stability aimed at establishing a stable economic infrastructure (i) Increase the number of jobs that contribute to the environment and biodiversity (green jobs) and implement job-creation measures in conjunction with the shift in industrial structure (just transition). (j) Build mechanisms for increasing the employment of men and women, especially young people at small and medium-sized businesses, social enterprises, and in underdeveloped regions. (k) Promote measures to address the future rapid transition to an aging society in developed countries and most countries in Asia (tax and financial benefits for increasing the employment of senior citizens, etc.). iv) Promotion of the UN Decade on Biodiversity, attainment of mainstream biodiversity and revitalization of agricultural, fishing, and mountain villages (l) Share good practices from around the world in terms of conserving and recovering ecosystems, using biological resources in a sustainable manner, the fair and equal distribution of benefits resulting from the use of genetic resources, providing appropriate monetary resources and encouraging capacity building. (m) Implement appropriate policies effectively and make biodiversity mainstream through policy linkages based on biodiversity and the dissemination of the meaning and value of biodiversity as well as take a precautionary approach to decision making. (n) Help agricultural, fishing, and mountain villages facing economic difficulties to recover and appropriately manage their natural resources of agricultural, fishing, and mountain villages. (o) Promote the multifaceted use, appropriate control and sustainable management of forests. v) Continual implementation of the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development and establishment of mechanisms that encourage active and responsible actions by consumers (p) Develop human resources through the promotion of school education, social education, and training in business companies based on the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (Decade of ESD) and formulate a concrete action plan to be implemented after the Decade of ESD. (q) Promote civic education for consumers to encourage responsible and active actions that lead to a shift in industrial structure as well as develop information to support this. Develop mechanisms to prevent greenwash, such as receiving evaluations from third-parties. vi) Develop and implement tools such as indicators that support new approaches to sustainable development (r) (p) Evaluate the contributions of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and compile a roadmap to achieve an international consensus/realization of development targets and indicators for 2015. (s) Develop indicators to measure the quality of life and social justice as a substitute for conventional GDP growth indicators. (t) Establish sustainability indicators that include natural capital stock, resource productivity and reproduction speed. (u) Promote a mainstream shift to a low-carbon industrial structure where the production of services, products, environmentally sound technologies, and zero waste contribute to the conservation and recovery of the natural environment. Support technological innovation such as the wider application of IT to achieve this. (v) Develop regions based on local production for local consumption, and help maintain and innovate traditional cultures and arts. vii) Implement innovative financial mechanisms that provide the necessary funding to those in need (w) Offer tax incentives and preferential treatment in financial services to small and medium-sized businesses and regions with delayed development. (x) Give priority to the distribution of investment capital that contributes directly or indirectly to poverty reduction and sustainable development. (y) Secure funding for sustainable development through greening of finance. viii) Disseminate environmentally sound technologies and products throughout the world (z) Promote the mutual transfer of appropriate environmentally sound technologies (based upon the consent of local communities). (aa) Incorporate environmentally sound production technologies, products and services into the social system of countries (use of eco point and top-runner programs). Progress since the Rio Earth Summit and Remaining Challenges 20 years have passed since the first Rio Earth Summit. Since then, the Cold War ended, the world entered the 21st century, emerging economics countries have risen to the forefront, and globalization has progressed. As a result, the structure of the world system has undergone significant change. Following the 1992 Earth Summit, the intensification of globalization and global market competition in world trade, foreign direct investment and the capital markets has accelerated the movement of people, goods, capital and information as well as had both positive and negative effects on a worldwide scale. The result of globalization has been robust economic growth, yet in developed country and developing country alike the number of hungry is increasing sharply due to a rise in the unemployed, in particular the rise in the unemployment rate among youth, and soaring food prices. In the two decades since the first Rio Earth Summit, the East Asia and Pacific Regions have drastically increased income levels and significantly improved education, water and sanitation thanks to direct investments from foreign countries and an increase in exports. On the other hand, however, income and regional disparities within each of these countries have grown more serious, while mainly Africa and least developed countries have been left behind from the globalization of the world economy due to poverty, low levels of social development and the lack of infrastructure development. Furthermore, the world faces serious challenges on a worldwide scale never seen before that include the deterioration and loss of biodiversity on a worldwide scale, a squeeze on energy and natural resources as well as the degradation of the environment, each in conjunction with the rapid urbanization and economic growth taking place around the world, Climate change and the increase in greenhouse gas emissions. The Rio Declaration, Johannesburg Declaration and action plans have been announced in order to address these global issues, but the progress of each has been significantly delayed. On the other hand, the MDGs have been established, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change and the Convention on Biological Diversity enforced, and the frameworks of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification Particularly in Africa, United Nations Forum on Forests and the WSSD Type II partnership model set up. Initiatives such as the Decade of ESD and the UN Decade on Biodiversity have also been launched, illustrating that perspectives on social development have grown more emphasized compared to 20 years ago. Yet, sufficient monitoring and evaluations are not taking place today. Therefore, international and domestic monitoring and evaluation systems need to be strengthened going forward. (a) International economy: Globalization has resulted in a structure where the economic crisis of one country can rapidly lead to an world economic crisis. The global financial crisis that 7 reverberated around the world following the Lehman Shock in 2008 showed that the results of efforts toward sustainable development made by all countries are greatly impacted by external factors. Furthermore, turmoil in financial markets is negatively affecting the real economy. (b) Poverty: According to the UN MDG Report 2011, the global poverty rate is expected to decline to under 15% by the year 2015, which achieve the MDG target of 23%. Although significant improvements were seen in East Asia and Latin America, more than half of the population in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa remain stuck in poverty. Specifically, the impacts from soaring food and energy prices as well as Climate change has caused the living situation of people live in poverty to become even more grave. (c) Health Care: Improvements in the health of the poorest children have lagged behind in particular. According to a UN MDG Report, nearly one quarter of all children in developing countries were underweight in 2009, with the condition of the poorest children the most serious. Children from the poorest households in developing countries are more than two times as likely as children from the most affluent households to die before their fifth birthday (d) Sustainable Consumption and Production: Visible advancements have been seen in sustainable consumption and production in developed countries thanks to the development of 3R-related legal systems in Japan and Europe, the development of designs for the environment (DfE), designs for recycling (DfR) and recycling-related technologies as well as awareness-raising activities. In particular, consumer activities geared toward resource saving and environmental conservation perspectives are steadily growing, having been fostered through consumer education, such as providing and illuminating correct information concerning the effects (merits and demerits) consumer activities have on environmental and urban issues. In contrast, in developing countries production and consumption has increased sharply on the back of economic growth, which has caused huge amounts of waste and resulted in the greater consumption of resources. (e) Climate change: A certain degree of progress was made with technology transfers to developing countries and the requirement of greenhouse reductions by developed countries after the Kyoto Protocol came into effect. Despite the establishment of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change at the Rio Earth Summit based on the awareness of the need to urgently take measures against Climate change, however, negotiations and efforts under the Kyoto Protocol and the Convention have lagged. Other issues have arisen such as the United States refusal to ratify the Kyoto Protocol, even though it is the worldfs second largest emitter of CO2 emissions from energy use, or the sharp increase in greenhouse gas emissions from the economic development of emerging countries such as China.the worldfs largest emitter. With demand heightening for the promotion of worldwide efforts, a new framework must be built based on emerging issues. Climate changes have also progressed around the world, with countermeasures fast becoming an urgent issue. 8 (f) Biodiversity: The Convention on Biological Diversity has grown to 193 members, while the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety has been developed (Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety were adopted in October 2010) and the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets concerning biodiversity conservation have been agreed upon. Japan, in particular as Chair of the Convention on Biological Diversity by next COP, retains the responsibility to promote efforts itself. However, global assessments, such as the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the Global Biodiversity Outlook indicate that the situation surrounding biodiversity is still deteriorating. (g) Water and Sanitation: Global water problems have grown more serious after the start of the 21st century due to Climate change, urbanization, population increases and the deforestation and forest degradation that help cultivate water resources. Massive droughts, declining groundwater levels, lake pollution and water sanitation are causing human suffering. The worldfs population has grown by 3.7 times over the past 100 years, but water demand has grown by some 7 times over this same period. Water and sanitation are the basic human right of all people and represent basic infrastructure for gender equality, education and preventing epidemics, yet there are many countries in Africa, the Middle East and Asia where the outlook indicates difficulty in attaining the MDGs. (h) Forests: Forest issues vary from one country to another,. while individuals are less aware of the mutual relationships involving these issues. We welcome the efforts of countries and international organizations at all levels, as well as international initiatives for promoting sustainable forest management based on the gnon-legally binding instrument on all types forestsh (NLBI) and the Multi-Year Program of Work (MYPOW) passed at the UN General Assembly in January 2008. However, we are deeply alarmed by the continuing loss of 13 million hectares of forests with multi-functionality per year due to land-use change, forest fires, natural disasters, and illegal logging. Based on awareness that forest deforestation and forest degradation are closely related to global issues in the three Rio Conventions, the efforts of the international society are required to reverse this trend. (i) Hazardous Chemical Substances and Hazardous Wastes: Regulations on the use of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic devices have been tightened over the past several years, as progress has been made in reducing the use of hazardous substances in these devices. However, developing countries have yet to create a legal framework and governing structure for recycling, and reports have been made about health hazards occurring as a result of improper recycling practices. Many developing countries have achieved rapid economic growth without sufficiently developing monitoring systems for the processing of hazardous waste, with this disposal fast becoming an issue in these countries. Furthermore, Japanfs recent nuclear power accident has brought the issues surrounding the final treatment and disposal of spent 9 nuclear fuel into the spotlight. (j) Energy: The expansion of rural electrification and decentralized energy systems incorporated into the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation remain as before as issues. While advancements have been made in the use of renewable energy in certain developed countries and developing countries, most countries continue to face challenges in increasing their use. In addition, many issues remain that need to be examined in order to promote the greater use of renewable energy, including the proper speed of this promotion as well as the scale of costs and approaches to defraying these costs, while also anticipating use will be expanded over the long term. In addition, with regard to the assessment of nuclear power, which had been seen as a prized energy source due to increasing energy consumption, the exhaustion of fossil fuels and Climate change, opinions will largely differ among stakeholders regarding future approaches concerning its use. (k) Women and Gender: Womenfs employment opportunities remain limited, a large income disparity by gender remains, and women are the majority of the poor both in developing and developed countries and it continues to be a major issue. In addition, gender equality has not achieved in terms of education and capacity building and, especially, participation in decision making. (l) Childrenfs and Youth Education: The fact that the enrolment rate for primary education.one of the MDG targets.increased significantly shows that MDG targets are attainable where there is a strong political will and funding arrangements are available. On the other hand, however, we need to note that 76 million children do not enjoy primary education. Under the Decade of ESD, there was a rise in the number of countries that had begun to incorporate ESD into their national education policies and curricula especially for primary and secondary education, as well as sustainable development and environmental strategies. Yet there are still many countries where specific ESD policies or strategies are not in place and dissemination of ESD is an issue. On the other hand, actors do exist that fulfill the function of education and raising awareness- in a variety of forms outside formal education, but analysis and assessment of these actors remains inadequate. We must reaffirm the importance of adult and lifelong education, and take comprehensive actions to improve linkages and cooperation among ESD, school education, and social education. (m) Rights of Indigenous Peoples: The rights of indigenous peoples were greatly furthered at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. This was illustrated, for example, by the fact that the Convention on Biological Diversity clearly specified Indigenous and Local Communities (ILCs). At the UN General Assembly in 2007, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) was historically adopted, and it clearly stipulated that the inherent fundamental freedom and human rights of indigenous peoples shall be respected on the basis of international law. In Japan, the House of Representatives and House of Councilors in 2008 recognized the Ainu people as an indigenous people in Japan. A report issued in 2011 by the Experts Committee on Approaches to Ainu Policy, which was set up by the Japanese government in 2009, stated, gFuture Ainu policy should be developed based on the recognition that the Ainu people are an indigenous people and that the government bears a deep responsibility to promote their culture, and grounded in the Constitution of Japan.the supreme law of the nation.and the meaning of the UN DRIP as a general guideline for policy approaches to indigenous peoples.h (n) Measures against Natural Disasters: The UN International Strategy on Disaster Reduction was established to carry on the activities of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction from the 1990s, while the UN World Conference on Disaster Reduction adopted the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005 to 2015 and the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction was set up to effectively and efficiently promote the HFA. This indicates that a framework has been built for international cooperation in the face of natural disasters. On the other hand, as illustrated in the Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiatives 2011, we have once again recognized that we must build an agile and strong society that can respond to natural disasters in order to cope with gemerging vulnerabilitiesh derived from the complexity of technologies and mutual dependence found in todayfs society, such as the gcomplex disasterh of earthquake, tsunami and subsequent nuclear power accident that occurred as a result of the Great East Japan Earthquake. (o) Funding Sources and Funding Mechanisms: Excluding certain countries in Europe, other countries around the world will likely be unable to achieve the target of ODA totalling 0.7% of GNI by the year 2015. At the Gleneagles Summit, Japan promised to increase its ODA spending between 2005 and 2009 by 10 billion dollars compared to 2004 levels, but its poor economy, stringent budgetary restrictions, large repayments of ODA loans from some debtor countries, and a lack of political will has meant that its current ODA spending has fallen 3.6 billion dollars below the pledged amount. (p) Employment and Labour: The global financial crisis that begun in 2008 has provided a widespread impact on vulnerable areas such as youth, the elderly, and minority groups, depriving them of many employment opportunities. It is absolutely necessary to create stable, quality jobs to fundamentally improve the global jobs crisis. In June 2009, the International Labor Conference adopted the gGlobal Jobs Pacth. The deteriorating quality in employment must be revitalized while also seeking the formation of new global governance, amplifying both multilayered and enterprising job polices as well as social safety nets, and surveying the expansion of what is considered gDecent Workh(the availability of employment in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity). Furthermore, in addition to the specific issues listed above, existing conventions are not being challenged. In fact, dilemmas found within the agenda itself are also becoming predominant. For example, the bio-fuel promotion policy put forth by Europe and the United States as a greenhouse gas reduction policy triggered an inflow of speculative money, which had lost its bearings following the Lehman Shock, into the futures market. This incited a worldwide price increase for food and as a result placed pressure on the lives of the poor. In order to offer global solutions, Japan has also moved forward with various initiatives. The Japanese government proposed the gUnited Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Developmenth at Rio+10 in 2002, illustrating the notion of providing security for human beings4 that it recognized to be necessary during the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. Japan contributed funding, technologies and human resources for the development of Asian countries.. This resulted in a measure of legitimacy from other countries. On the other hand, because of the recent economic downtown and a lack of political will, Japan has yet to achieve the internationally agreed goal of allocating 0.7% of GNI to ODA spending. 1.2 Emerging issues 1.2.1 Emerging issues of the World We are under pressure to address emerging issues as well. Particularly important issues include energy, food security (the stable supply of food, the issue of genetically modified food), responses to natural disasters, sustainable urban development, and the advancement of aging societies and depopulation. (a) Increase in Global Energy Demands: With energy demands rising globally and the progress of Climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions, we need to implement a shift in an energy supply system that is overly dependent on fossil fuels. (b) Water and Food SecurityiStable Supply of Water and Foodj:The increase in drought occurrences around the world is a further indication of the effects of Climate change. As speculative money is causing a chain reaction that affects food prices on a worldwide scale, there is growing apprehension conflict occurring between countries over food. Humankind is faced with the issue of ensuring food security throughout the world. Water is an invaluable, fundamental right for the existence of humanity and it is the most basic element for the infrastructure needed for the sustainable development of society. Many countries which are experiencing conflict and destabilization over water should resolve these issues with regional security as their top priority. While areas where food is supplied and where food is consumed undergo globalization and the escalation of food prices by areas plagued by drought have a pervasive effect on the entire globe, not only do water conflicts that arise between areas become an issue, but global security is becoming an issue as well in what is turning into a competitive scramble between countries over food. Water and food security is becoming an even more difficult issue to face as droughts and the degradation of groundwater levels occurs around the world due to excessive water intake caused by Climate change, mass consumption, urbanization and population expansion. (c) Response to the Large Number of Natural Disasters: Not only the Great East Japan Earthquake but a rash of natural disasters are occurring around world. There is apprehension that such devastation is spreading due to the impact of Climate change. Developed countries are at the forefront of amassing countermeasures against natural disasters, and it is important to disseminate and share this knowledge with the rest of the world. (d) Concentration of Populations in Cities and Growing Demands for Urban Infrastructure: At present, urban populations have already risen to over half of the global population and by 2050 this will rise to 70%. Urban areas are consuming 67% of the worldfs energy and by 2030 this will increase to as high as 74%. In developing and emerging countries, urban construction is progressing at fast pace, producing one megacity after another. However, architectural structures and urban infrastructure being built today will sequester carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption over the next several decades. A huge amount of urban construction and low carbon demands will drive a green economy forward and lead to the expansion of green jobs. (e) Furthering the Needs of New, Sustainable Urban Development: Rural populations moving into urban areas and the growth of populations in cities are increasing at a rapid pace. The emission of greenhouse gas is increasing as urban development and economic activities become more widespread. Therefore, we need urban redevelopment and development programs that are more compact and have less energy consumption. In cities, residences, transportation, and energy supplementation are transforming into more sustainable models. There needs to be a global push for sustainable cities to present how urban development can exist in balance with nature. (f) The Progression of Depopulation and Aging Society: Considering the long-term, aging societies, such as Japan is facing, could gradually become global issues as well. As populations increase, the world will move toward an aging society and we must anticipate new ways to respond. Young people will most likely be the ones to move into cities as described above, so it is conceivable that aging societies will spread in agricultural and mountain regions throughout the world. (g) Constraints due to the Rapid Deterioration and Depletion of Natural Capital: Humanity is ushering in the depletion and degradation of natural capital in exchange for the rapid accumulation of industrial and financial capital. As a result, the rarity of these forms of capital has flip-flopped comparatively, especially in recent years with developed and emerging 13 countries at the heart of a sharp rise in global consumption, wherein the amount of available natural capital per capita is decreasing while being surpassed by the increasing pace of consumption. At this current development pattern, we fear that the world population will no longer be able to support itself by the time it reaches 9 billion. Consequently, we face the urgent task of raising collective awareness among all people based on the need that we discover the extent of the constraints we must subject ourselves to due to the depletion and degradation of our natural capital, as well as the nature of the content, speed, and scale of changes we must make to our development pattern. With international society entering the 21st century in this manner, we need to address prompt resolutions for such deep global issues. We are attempting to resolve these various issues by pushing gsustainable developmenth forward, but in order to do so we need to consider how gdevelopmenth became gunsustainable.h More specifically, the major premise for measures going forward must answer our own questions in a calm and humble manner to both discover the cause for the rise of gover-developmenth and gmal-developmenth and to formulate appropriate countermeasures. In order to construct a sustainable society, we must be compelled to prepare the world stage to face new emerging issues that have not been foreseen during the Rio Earth Summit. 1.2.1 Issues for a the Developed Country of Japan and the Great East Japan Earthquake Issues for the Developed Country of Japan Japan is as gForerunner of Emerging Issues5h facing such as an aging society and newly emerging problems with the environment and energy, many of which are new issues that other countries have yet to experience. While Japan is working to resolve these issues, it is also under pressure to formulate a long-term vision to reach a future ideal of sustainable development to form a gsustainable society.h The Great East Japan Earthquake The Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred on March 11, 2011 once again called into question what constitutes a gsustainable society.h On March 11, 2011, Japan experienced one of the worldfs worst natural disasters: a 9.0 magnitude earthquake noted as the fourth largest earthquake recorded in the worldfs history; a 40.5m high tsunami which is the tallest ever recorded in Japanese history. We did not expected such big scale of the tsunami therefore roughly 20,000 people either died or went missing in the wake of the giant wave, extensive environmental and social damage was incurred from the diffusion of nuclear substances in the environment by a nuclear power plant accident, which was later determined to be a level 7 on the International Nuclear Event Scale (INES). Even now, many afflicted people have little choice but to reside in temporary housing and the reconstruction process following the Great East Japan Earthquake is becoming a considerable challenge for the nation. Experiencing the nuclear power accident has led us to question the overconfidence Japanese society had felt toward our mass consumption of energy, our lifestyles, and our technologies. On the other hand, we must also recognize the fact that, during the Great East Japan Earthquake, the bullet trains performed perfect emergency stops to prevent large accidents, most of the high-rise buildings remained standing, and Japanfs earthquake countermeasure not all but many technologies proved effective. Currently in Japan, people from all over the country are acting warm-heartedly, without looting or rioting, to support the nation in an effort to recover from the earthquake disaster. Amid this, many good practices have emerged thanks to the cooperative efforts of various stakeholders. Local governments and communities, as well as businesses, industries, farmers, labor unions, and cooperatives are making a spirited effort toward reconstruction. NGOs have taken up the role of coordinating by gathering the detailed needs on-site. Youth and children from around the world are working together as volunteers through the NGOs to support reconstruction. Companies and industries are contributing support and making various efforts to restore production activities and the livelihood of their employees as swiftly as possible. Labor unions have been working together on disaster countermeasures, utilizing scale merits to commence rescue and support activities in the disaster area. For example, after the earthquake struck, associations immediately established disaster response headquarters, dispatched advance teams to the disaster areas, collaborated with relevant local associations, secured means of transportation and coordinated local activity centers and shelters. In addition, they administered requests for relief supplies, emergency assistance, and rescue support donations from government bodies, political parties and business federations. Also, a great deal of local governments suffered damage and were unable to offer public services. However, rehabilitation commenced with the unstinting support offered by several other local governments within Japan. Many local governments are endeavoring to conduct reconstruction with the local government as its nucleus while also performing revisions of their damage reconstruction strategy to plan for safe urban development that will ensure that such casualties and property damage never occurs again. In the reconstruction process, we started a lot of activities for sustainable development. The Basic Act on Great East Japan Earthquake Reconstruction (Law No. 76, 2011) and the Basic Guidelines for Reconstruction clearly state the participation of women, elderly, children, and people with disabilities in decision-making process as a basic principle for reconstruction. This enables the needs of vulnerable people to be met. Following the nuclear power accident, Japan is facing a paradigm shift regarding energy. Every single citizen has taken the opportunity to consider anew the importance of the energy problem. Even while opinions are split among stakeholders over whether or not to exit nuclear energy, the general consensus when looking long-term to promote the use of renewable energy with consideration of burden on industries and the people. It should also be noted that Japan could address scarcity of electricity supply in the summer of 2011 by corporate efforts and energy saving actions of citizens. Electricity crisis changed the lifestyles of the people. As addressing the crisis of the disaster and the nuclear power accident, we are taking vital steps for sustainable development as a way to reduce the environmental load by promoting the use of renewable energy and energy conservation. It appears that these experiences for Japan can contribute strongly to the discussion on sustainable development at Rio +20. Several issues have been brought into sharp relief which may serve as a point of reference for the Rio+20 debate on sustainable development, such as reconstruction in the wake of an unprecedented natural disaster, efforts to build anew where so much had been lost, and handling of radioactive contamination from the nuclear accident. 2 Proposal for the Outcome of Rio+20 2.1 Expectations of Rio+20 We believe that many concerned stakeholders in Japan wish to take the opportunity at the Rio+20 to revise the approach for sustainable development, such as the necessity of adding a cultural pillar to existing economic, social, and environmental aspects. It is necessary to review our approach in sustainable development as we keep in mind these changing times. It is especially important to be aware of multiple points of view without becoming too wrapped up in any specific set of values as we to progress with sustainable development by recognizing the difference in values and worldviews of stakeholders involved in the Rio+20 while formulating an ideal model for a sustainable society that may vary in accordance with different locations. The following points listed are of particular importance for the basic approach Japanese stakeholders have in mind for sustainable development: (a) Implement of multi-stakeholder dialogue: Governments should proactively participate in discussions to make the most of this opportunity to work with each stakeholder and give weight to a multi-stakeholder dialogue on both an international and domestic level. The Internet and mailing lists, etc. should be put to practical use in the dialogue in consideration of the silent majority. (b) Respect the views of those whose voices are not loudly echoed within society: An institutional framework for sustainable development must be established through peer study with each stakeholder and by attaining the social participation of citizens. In this regard, we must respect the views of stakeholders whose voices are not weighted within society, such as women, children, minorities, individuals with disabilities, and indigenous peoples. (c) Gender equality: The realization of social justice, including gender equality, must be reaffirmed as a core principle of a sustainable society. The importance of integrating gender perspectives in sustainable development should be clearly addressed in the outcome document of Rio+20. In this regard, equal participation of women in decision-making is vital for sustainable development, so positive actions should be taken to promote it. Gender equality should be ensured when shifting toward renewable and sustainable natural energy use, and the benefits of sustainable energy use should be guaranteed equally between women and men. (d) Global creation that reflects children and youth: The most irreplaceable and precious aspiration for the human race is that we create a peaceful global society where we live together by resolving our issues and sharing a declaration that moves toward mutual knowledge and values. It is future generations who must implement the declarations and promises we make. We need to reflect the views of children and youth in a more positive way and be aware that the issues we are addressing will have a deep impact on the youth of today and the generations that follow. (e) Respect the values and perspectives of indigenous peoples: As we consider development and the future of the environment, we need to place greater importance than we have in the past on the values held by indigenous peoples, such as the Ainu. Those involved in sustainable development must acknowledge that this grim disparity of a priori (bias) exists in peoplefs world views and values. In particular, it is vital that we maintain a sense of fairness and balance so that we will not be over-reliant on the view that sets modern science and market economy above all else. In the time between the UNCED in 1992 and todayfs Rio+20, the United Nations adopted the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in 2007 to strengthen the respect to traditional knowledge and customs6. The countries of the world must respect this declaration of the rights of indigenous peoples in this context. (f) Support the empowerment of local government: There is a necessity to encourage international society to support local governments (institutional back-up) as a way to recognize that the single most vital role for the government is to aspire to shape resilient, low-carbon cities, provide for the conservation of biodiversity, and sustainably develop agricultural and mountain regions for the betterment of society. Stakeholders form accords as they develop a full understanding of overwhelming environmental problems. Advance efforts made by cities and governments push for international agreements as they heighten awareness about green economies and low-carbon societies. In order for the advanced practices of local government to take part internationally, we hope for the foundation of a system that can draw in international support for local government through international societyfs financial assistance for developing countries. (g) Reaffirm the significance of a strong international convention to fully realize the proper care and value of forests: 1.6 billion people, nearly a quarter of the worldfs population, rely on 6Just as in the Ainu proverb that gnothing falls from heaven that does not have its place,h the Ainu people of Japan embrace the idea of showing gratitude and respect toward the intrinsic value of all things for their physicality and attributes, including animals, plants and objects. 17 forests for life, livelihoods, work, and a secure income. With diverse functionality, forests play a key role in handling complex and interlinked global issues in regards to economic and social development, poverty reduction, environmental sustainability, food security and agriculture, energy, water, adaption and mitigation to Climate change, the combat against desertification and soil degradation, biodiversity conservation, river basin conservation, and disaster mitigation. In light of this, we must strengthen systems that handle problems affecting forests globally while coordinating with international authorities and a process involving the three Rio Conventions. We must take advantage of the forestsf ability to absorb and accumulate carbon dioxide by promoting sustainable operations, adequate forest management and measures against illegal logging, and measures against deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries. Furthermore, there needs to be systems and mechanisms to improve each individualfs recognition that forest problems differ in each country and that we require a mutually coordinated effort to address such problems. (h) Ensure equal responsibilities and status of all partners: As the world grows ever more diverse, we cannot solve environmental problems if we consider them based on a dichotomy such as north-south problems or between developed and developing countries. If we insist on our opinions from the viewpoint of dichotomy, it will generate alienation with differing viewpoints at a personal level and we will be beleaguered by opposition. To achieve sustainable development, it is important that for stakeholders to understand have an in-depth understanding and care respect each other. It is also needed required to establish rules and environments in which sincere and faithful attitudes are valued. (i) Establish the resolution of environmental problems as a top priority political issue: At the Rio+20, we need to summarize our progress in sustainable development made in Rio and, subsequently, Johannesburg as well. We must confirm what policies exist for the world and countries, and the status of their implementation. We must also confirm that heads of state around the globe are making the resolution of environmental problems a top priority political issue. (j) Reaffirm the role of education: We must set aside the sectionalism among departments and each stakeholder to increase synergies in different areas by restructuring the organizational, institutional, and financial framework that moves across various plans and practices related to gCapacity Building for Sustainable Development.h (For example, ESD, Education for All (EFA), the MDGs, Communication, Education, and Public Awareness (CEPA) activities in various environmental conventions as well as adult education and lifelong learning.) To make these actions more effective, we must reaffirm the importance of the role education will play towards sustainable development and strengthen synergies of these actions. (k) Ensure food security through sustainable agriculture: It is important to establish a food manufacturing system that is focused on biodiversity as well as traditional agriculture and 18 fishing methods that relate to the climates of countries around the world for the sake of food security through sustainable agriculture. (l) Governance and management of natural capital: The inclusion of the governance and management of natural capital in economic propositions is indispensible for the sake of sustainable development. Effective governance must not only be done through government authority but also through the participation and cooperation from a wide spectrum of multi-tiered stakeholders. The people who that are the most cooperative and effective in managing natural capital are the ones who are directly affected by the blessings and disasters that come along with the unique qualities and diverse land and climate of their local environment. Therefore, it is vital that we shift policy maneuvers so that communities have a form of autonomy to help oversee national land. Many stakeholders in Japan think we should re-commit to past declarations in the Rio+20. For example, the Johannesburg Summit contained the assertion that, gWe resolve to swiftly increase access to the basic requirements of clean water, sanitation, adequate housing, energy, healthcare, food security, and the conservation of biodiversity. At the same time, all of us shall work together to consider how to acquire access to financial resources, net profit from market liberalization, ensure capacity building, utilize new technologies to bring about development, and secure methods of technical transfer, human resource development, education, and training for the sake of doing away with underdevelopment for good.h The topic of human resource development in particular upheld the proposal from Japan for the gUnited Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Developmenth that commenced in 2005. Japanese stakeholders offered a proposal to reaffirm the importance of addressing water issues globally, the direction of food rights for independent countries, including developing countries, as extended by the United Nations General Assemblyfs gResolution on the Right to Food,h the FAO World Food Summit, and the World Food Security Committee, and the necessity of education, human resource development, and technology transfers. The nuclear power accident that occurred in Japan is a profound problem that has created a significant catalyst to consider a conversion into a society of sustainable energy. Even within Japan, the topic of denuclearization is subject to a wide range of opinions, such as those who wish to exit nuclear power as soon as possible and those who see no other alternative in our current condition but to be dependent on nuclear power. It is necessary to prepare various data in order for the entire world to reassess all of the risks involved in the development and use of nuclear power. The standards of fairness in competition with other power sources must be brought to light, as well. There is also the view that we should prudently consider an option of promoting locally distributed energy-usage systems, which would entail restructuring of the energy market, rulemaking for structured coalitions, and a review of relevant legal systems. There needs to be a rational and multilateral discussion on the existence of an energy shift, which ensures transparency and the sufficient disclosure of 19 information that is based on fact and logic. Each country should create a mid- to long-term vision that, at its heart, would further the pursuit to streamline renewable energy, energy conservation, and thermal power. Safety should be heightened at nuclear power plants throughout the world by sharing information globally following reviews of safety standards based on a thorough determination of the cause of Japanfs nuclear power accident. We obtained (or may one day learned) expertise and experience about the issues through nuclear power plant countermeasures, such as health care and decontamination, as well as short- and long-term measures following the core meltdown and the radiation leaks that occurred simultaneously. It is notable that we can improve nuclear power management worldwide using the knowledge obtained as assets to be shared globally. Japan wishes to be strongly involved in participating in joint international study initiatives and networks. It has been pointed out how important it is to tie the Rio+20 and the post-2015 targets of MDGs together. Looking back on the past 20 years, it is notable how the development objectives of the MDGs reflect an adequate grasp of the progress made and the issues that remain. It is also notable how this, along with action plans and necessary long-term visions, can work as an appropriate marker of progress while reviewing the post-2015 target of the MDGs. It is important to have a renewed commitment for full collaboration with all affiliated countries aimed at accomplishing the goals of the three Rio Conventions crafted at the Earth Summit (the Convention on Biological Diversity, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change, and the International Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification Particularly in Africa). It is agreed upon that the Convention on Biological Diversity, in particular, must reach the Aichi Biodiversity Targets within twenty years, which shall be the year 2020. In addition, the United Nations General Assembly resolved to achieve the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and marked the remaining ten years (2011-2020) as the U N Decade on Biodiversity. It is important that the magnitude of this be noted once more during discussions at the Rio+20. 2.2 Concrete Proposal for Rio+20 Many Japanese stakeholders consider that a common understanding of sustainable development should be included anew in the Rio+20 outcome document, and its essence is stated in the key message at the top of this document. Now, we are required to have a long-term vision of sustainable development and to take concrete actions in accordance with that vision. The proposals from Japanese stakeholders are as follows: a) Proposal for energy: Energy policies are very important for stable economic growth both domestic and overseas, as well as in solving global environmental problems such as Climate change. However, it is essential to implement urgent and ambitious measures both for the current and future generations, because it takes quite a long period of time before the effect of implementation can be felt.7 It is expected that each country will set a long-term renewable energy target (e.g. by 2030), and start initiatives and make recommendations to introduce relevant policies and measures to reach their target. Regarding energy supplies, it is necessary to reconsider the total balance of supply and demand, shifting from a policy debate with a supply-side bias to the activation of a policy debate on energy saving at the demand-side (e.g. households and small businesses). In addition, for developing countries where future demand is expected to increase, building a platform for gthinking togetherh is needed, by providing a mechanism for efficient transfer of technologies and know-how for renewable energy. b) Proposal for poverty measures: Realize the security of human rights and empowerment of the poor and vulnerable group of people. In addition, it is necessary to ensure the participation of the citizens of developing countries, especially the poorest, in policy formation, along with the formation of public opinion that supports the idea. By directly approaching poor and vulnerable people, we will form public opinion that supports the implementation of policy that reflects the needs of citizens in developing countries. We should view green economy as ga system that exists by capturing social issues such as poverty alleviation and human rights protectionh and build a process to achieve coexistence, symbiosis, and social justice. c) Proposal for water and sanitation: The water problem is rooted in various factors specific in each region, and to solve this problem, an approach must be selected that is not universal and rational, but delicate and sustainable, appreciating the culture of a particular area. In particular, there is high expectation for local governments in Japan to contribute to developing countries. Difficult problems that developing countries face are the improvement of water and sewage infrastructure, and its operation and maintenance management. In many countries, the central or local government is responsible for the improvement of water infrastructure, its operation and maintenance management, and struggle with the collection of water rates and water leakage problems. The resolution of these water problems requires a maintenance management for the water system as a whole, rather than the latest technologies. Japanese local governments are in the perfect position to respond to this request due to their long term expertise experience in the improvement of water infrastructure and its maintenance and operation. Local government in Japan began the way to the new business of the improvement of water infrastructure and its maintenance and operation in developing countries. Long lasting international contribution is neither mere volunteering nor profit-seeking principle. It is realized over a business with a reasonable profit. Japanese local governments will be the first in the world to carry out this important mission in developing countries, which will have public spirit and be a long run water business. d) Proposal for air quality conservation/Climate change: Promise to reach an agreement of a legally binding framework toward the prevention of Climate change; after not having realized the agreement in Copenhagen, progress is currently being made on new framework for 2013 and beyond. In the UNFCCC process, we should promise to reach an agreement for fair, ambitious and binding framework, and support the acceleration of UNFCCC negotiation. The sustainability of life on earth is unable to be ensured unless international effort proceeds based on the latest scientific findings and the establishment of an international agreement to Climate change measures. Specifically, whether it is developed or developing country, the agreement needs to be reached on the enforcement and a legally binding framework should be adopted as soon as possible for the following points: the responsibility of each country and its significant reduction dependent on each national capacity, financial support, adaptation measures, technology transfer, capacity-building, measures against deforestation and forest degradation for vulnerable developing countries. Sufficient consideration should take place for resilience against serious damages, which could be caused by the extreme climate events associated with Climate change that is anticipated to become more serious in the future. In order to achieve this, the Institutional Framework for Sustainable Development (IFSD), which encourages the construction of these societies, is essential. Disclosure of the weather data of each country, which is in progress by the WMO, is also hoped to contribute to the improvement of the predictability of disasters. e) Proposal for the conservation of biodiversity/environment conservation farming and fishery: Towards the achievement of Aichi Biodiversity Targets, the UN Decade on Biodiversity will be actively promoted with the cooperation of the United Nations, international governments and relevant stakeholders. In addition, policy guidance should be made to demonstrate again the characteristic of living with nature traditionally found in the primary industry sector in Japan (environmental conservation agriculture, forestry and fishery); and a new mechanism should be created for agriculturalists, forestry and fishermen who make an effort to follow this direction, as well as their areas, are rewarded through a direct payment system and support from urban residents. f) Proposal for the promotion of agricultureCforestry, and fishery village areas: To promote agriculture forestry, and fishery villages that are stagnating economically, policies that attract human and financial support from urban residents should be developed, creating a revival strategy based on local initiatives using regional natural resources and learning from successful good practices inside and outside the country. The most typical green economy gives meticulous care to the original rich natural resources of the agriculture, forestry and fishery villages using labor-intensive methods, makes production activities economically sustainable, and generates 22 employment. Now, as the depletion of stock resources is becoming a reality, a system design that fundamentally changes the preceded gdevelopment strategyh is required. g) Proposal for strengthening nuclear power safety: Japan aims to share the issues revealed by the accident of the nuclear power plant in Japan with international community as much as possible and prevent further accidents by exchanging information on nuclear power accidents, the risk of radioactive contamination, emergency measures, and permanent measures on a global scale. Simultaneously, there is a need for contributing to the reinforcement of the safety of nuclear power in every country, carrying out the improvement of international cooperation system in case an accident occurs. It is necessary to review and revise the international safety standard based on international scientific research on the adverse effects of radioactivity on human bodies, animals and plants as well as monitoring functions. h) Proposal for achieving gender equality and participation f women: Participation of women in decision-making is essential to respond to the diverse needs. In this context, it is important to provide concrete measures to increase in the participation of women in decision-making, such as, by setting numerical targets with time frame,s incentives, quota systems and cross-compliance. Providing opportunities for capacity building of women is also important to achieve gender equality. i) Proposal for indigenous peoples: The advancement of the rights of indigenous peoples should be the interest of Rio+20. The rights that must be assured include preservation and promotion of the Ainu people including the Ainu language, Ainu culture and religious rights, land right and rights to resources, the rights to education and information, economic and social rights, rights to participation, and the rights to self-determination. These efforts are the responsibility of the Japanese government and these views must be reconfirmed at Rio+20. j) Proposal for children and youth: For the implementation of Rio Declaration, it is essential to realize a global society where everyone is able to receive education as a fundamental human right. Aim to achieve the goal through educational activities for people in every life stage, such as school education, social education, and lifelong learning. It is necessary to promote the above mentioned education in formal, non-formal and informal education through collaborative partnerships between public agencies and NGOs. It is also necessary to significantly increase opportunities for children and youth to express their views and findings in national and local policy making as well as at international conferences . An example of how a child can learn ESD is that recognizing the linkage between local and global issues, a child will carry out such actions that embody the idea of thinking globally and acting locally. Provision of sufficient funds to education sector is also quite important in development countries. k) Proposal for local governments: It has been revealed that active measures by local governments to reduce the environmental impact in cities where population and industries 23 concentrate have brought significant effects; therefore, local governments have an important role to play. However, the need for local governmentsf to address global environmental issues is not yet fully understood. It is important that the international societies clearly requests local governments, such as large cities, to work towards resolving global environmental issues on the basis of outcome document emerging from the Rio+20, in order to encourage more local governments to participate actively. l) Proposal on employment and Trade unions: Establishing the limit of social protection worldwide. It is necessary to clarify the solution to challenges such as abolishing child labor, securing gender equality in the employment opportunities, securing minimum wages, and the minimum standard in the creation of green job, particularly in developing countries. gGreen Job Strategyh is a long-term strategy that aims to increase green and descent jobs by at least 50% by 2015, to progress both countermeasures against Climate change issues and the structural change in employment and working conditions simultaneously, and link these to realize a low-carbon society. This strategy should be further promoted and developed, and an international agreement is expected to be formed that shares its challenges and realization. Implementation of education and training as well as assistance in housing and living condition for workers, and maintaining and generating gDecent,h ggreenh and gsustainableh employment, and mediating to find reemployment opportunities are needed. Through these employment measures and an official multi-stakeholder meeting, gJust Transition8h that promotes Climate change measures and employment measure simultaneously is needed, and it is expected that an international agreement regarding the sharing and realization of the challenge be formed. It is necessary to set and implement the minimum standard s of green jobs to solve the problems of child labor and, gender equity, and to guarantee minimum wages, especially in developing countries. m) Proposal for funding sources and mechanism: In the situation where financial deterioration is globally worsening, a mechanism for more effective use of private funds should be considered through public-private partnership projects. Also, further promotion of SRI at financial institutions is required for a smooth supply of private funds. As a motivation for this, the progress of the ggreening of financeh is desired, under the United Nations Environment Program Finance Initiative (UNEP FI) rooted in the principles established or under development, and with penetration of the decision making process based on ESG (environment, society, governance) issues under the financial institutions including insurance. Also, a solid framework for more specific monitoring should be created in relation to the target of contributing 0.7% of GNI to the ODA to secure funding to achieve the MDGs. For example, a measure to be considered includes one by which each country is obliged to create a roadmap for achieving its target. In addition, some stakeholders in Japan consider that a gnext generation taxh and ginternational solidarity levyh should be implemented as a budgeted measure that enables a variety of projects related to sustainable development. However, while tax can be a powerful tool for securing financial resources, concrete consideration has to be carried out upon the understanding and agreement of citizens of every level, clarifying the purpose and its use, and through a wide range of discussions. n) Proposal for the improvement of support and development effectiveness: When conducting development, effort should be made to achieve the improvement of the development impact and the effectiveness of aid (as well as the realization of social justice). Government of each country will follow Paris Declaration, Accra Agenda for Action, and in addition of which they should also comply with the agreement that will be established at the High-Level Forum in Busan in December 2011. NGO should make the Istanbul principle (Open Forum CSO Development Effectiveness), which is for enhancing the impact of development, as their standard rules, and strengthen an effort to improve accountability in each group. Moreover, it is also important to involve new actors such as the emerging donors and private sector in discussions to improve the development impact and effectiveness of aid. o) Proposal for strengthening the environmentally sound technology transfer, cooperation and the ability to handle: When considering resource constrains and environmental constraints, it is desirable that various social problems such as poverty and natural disasters faced by developing countries will be overcome, as in the future the economy of many developing countries will grow on development trajectories led by China. On the other hand, earth resource constraints and energy supply constraints will prevent such development. It is the technology to achieve the maximum wealth and social infrastructure with minimum resource consumption that will solve this dilemma. Japanese companies and industries have gained a wide range of technologies such as resources-saving technologies, energy-saving technologies, environmental protection technologies, and also the fundamental technologies for recycling economy through various recycling technologies, in the process of development in the past, overcoming a number of social and environmental constraints including the oil crisis, the recession caused by strong yen, and pollution problems. It is important to improve the sustainability of the earth as a whole, implementing the earthfs resources, energy saving and environmental protection through the diffusion of such technologies to the world and used for economic development of developing countries. Japanese environmentally sound technologies, which are at the global high level, should be transferred while maintaining a win-win relationship with developing countries.9 For a smooth implementation of this transfer, security of intellectual property is crucial. p) Proposal for the promotion of education, public awareness and training: Along with the strong promotion of the Decade of ESD (Education for Sustainable Development), it is necessary to create a mechanism that continue to promote ESD worldwide after the end of the Decade of ESD in 2014. Specifically, it is necessary to formulate the International Action Plan and funding arrangements for implementation, create a mechanism to share information and experiences regarding ESD, undertake capacity building activities for local residents with ownership awareness for their local community, train and support training for local coordinators who promote various cooperation/collaboration among stakeholders working on to building a sustainable society in the area. Such activities need to be carried out through all levels of education and training including school education and social education. Action plans should include ggreen economy education programh and glifelong learning program for sustainable developmenth, capacity building activities to ensure implementation of the UN Declaration on Indigenous Peoples adopted at the UN General Assembly in 2007. Actions should be designed to enhance synergy effect with communication, education, public awareness (CEPA) in the UN Framework Convention on Climate change, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Convention to Combat Desertification. q) Proposal for statistical data for decision-making and information collection: The information needed to enhance the participation of women, youth and other vulnerable groups in decision-making for sustainable development is insufficient. This also hampers identifying the issues underlying sustainable development. So, it is important to collect data that is disaggregated by gender, generation, and other important criteria, and provide it in an accessible manner internationally through the Internet and other media. r) Proposal to establish a decentralized society: The need for a decentralized and resilient society has been suggested to deal with natural disaster and to adapt to Climate change. In this process, to pursue a green economy plays an important role, and for the promotion of building such society, institutional framework for sustainable development is essential. Japanese stakeholders suggested that the concept of these societies should be described anew in the Declaration. s) Proposal for conservation of natural resources and sustainable usage: For natural capital with a characteristic of shared material to be used sustainably beyond generations, NGOs suggested to establish the gUser Recovery Principleh, which is centered around the idea that gusers of natural capital are responsible for restoring its original state and its cost in cases where it was used beyond the sustainable paceh, and the involved countries should seek an agreement on the direction of institutionalizing it. t) Proposal on forest: Forest has the effect of carbon dioxide absorption and storage, and this function should be utilized. Also, appropriate forest management and sustainable management should be promoted. Conduct continuous discussion towards a framework with robust legal binding force that leads to the recognition of the importance of forests and a realization of 26 appropriate forest management. In addition, constructing a network and platform at the international citizen level will promote the exchange of human and information, improve the awareness of issues with forests, and generate a need to change behaviors. 2.3 Suggestions on the United Nationfs existing proposals With regard to the green economy road map, it is important that the sustainable use of natural resources and the realization of social justice are shared in the concept of the premise of a green economy. As there are a variety of existing objectives and goals at the UN level, it is necessary to ensure the consistency of them. Considering the indicators to show gdevelopment,h we aim to establish versatile indicators that could become the foundation of the effort by the international community, based on the accumulation from various attempts for sustainability indicators and environment assessment methods. Fundamentally, further consideration among the international community will be encouraged, aggregating the green economy indicators being examined by Satellite System for Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA), OECD and UNEP. As part of such framework for sustainability indicators, we will introduce the concept of regeneration speed and incorporate it as part of the evaluation method of natural capital of the indicators discussed here, in addition to the amount of natural capital stock and resource productivity. It would be meaningless to establish the indicators unless every individual becomes aware of sustainability. For this purpose, the role of ESD is important. Along with an easy to understand presentation, it is necessary to recognize the limitation of numerical targets. 2.4 Suggestion on the ways to close the implementation gap Rights-based approach for poverty alleviation: In reference to Agenda 21 Action Plan and the MDGs, the progress of poverty issues has been particularly delayed. It should be understood that it is not just a problem of low income, but a problem of deprivation of social and political rights, and all the stakeholders need to play a role in guaranteeing the rights of vulnerable groups of people. Namely, further focus on the rights-based approach for poverty alleviation is crucial. Rights in this context include the rights of indigenous peoples, their own original rights stipulated in gthe United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoplesh, and the fulfillment of the rights must be promoted. Promotion of civil participation: In order to fill the gap, not only the government effort but also civil participation is needed. The private sector should be recognized as an important actor that provides solutions. As the negotiation process between countries have come close to the limit, Japanese stakeholders view that the role of the private sector in the process should be clarified upon the understanding of the importance of the private sector. Promotion of the participation of local governments: Whilst local governments possess great potential with regard to the promotion of low-carbon cities and green economy, the understanding and policy making ability between developed and developing countries is not sufficient. In calling to local government for participation in the construction of low-carbon cities from international community, we will be able to promote it and activate the green economy. Effective participation in the construction of cities by local governments can enhance the ability to provide basic public services for the urban poor in developing countries and contribute to the improvement of their living condition. For this policy support and human resources development, cooperation between local governments is most effective. International organizations should develop programs for international cooperation between cities and support them. Ensuring financial discipline: Fiscal deficits in both developed and developing countries have been increasing year by year, and in the present condition the financial gap has been filled by issuing deficit-covering national bonds. As imposing a financial burden to the next generation will lead to injustice between generations, it is necessary to ensure financial discipline that includes taxation as a policy to fill the gap. For example, the idea of utilizing tax to secure funding for the next generation has been shown. Voluntary approach: Japanese companies as well as Japanese industry have had the principle of ggood cooperate citizenh and implemented the environmental voluntary action plan with the mutual understanding and cooperation with the government administration and stakeholders from different fields, recognizing that effort towards environmental issues is an essential requirement for onefs own presence and activities. As the countryfs unique initiatives, so far Japan has accumulated significant achievement in waste management, creating a recycling-oriented society, and Climate change measures. Incentives: In planning for sustainable development, there are some opinions that consider not only regulatory approaches but also an approach that encourages effort, such as putting a price on carbon, is also important. A typical example of this is the introduction of an economic approach that utilizes market mechanisms. However, there are also views that in Japan with superior environmentally sound technologies, this approach does not work, and it might make a negative contribution to solving global problems due, for example, to a loss of financial resources caused by further development of the latest technologies. In the introduction of the economic approach, we should consider its purpose to be fulfilled and the way we take the burden, and necessarily gain the understanding and agreement of citizens of every level. It is also important to take an approach that encourages efforts. For example, Japanese stakeholders proposed the following: low-carbon society priority measures for research development for building a recycling society, a review of the regulation of used products to achieve a recycling society, donations that will be implemented to attain the sustainable development of society, activities for social contributions, and priority measures for investment in taxation. 28 2.5 Suggestion on specific cooperation mechanism, partnership arrangement, and implementation tools Financial scheme for the resolution of water issues: In order to solve the problem of the water sector, it is necessary to establish a financial scheme that supports international contributions from private companies in the water sector and promotes the management of water and sewerage services in cooperation with private companies and local governments. Continuous human resources and technological support for the field of operation and management, promotion of small-scale projects such as sector loan projects, and flexible and enterprising suggestions with political initiatives, which are beyond the sector borderlines, are required. In addition, as the experiences of other countries show, problems have occurred because of the privatization of water services, and thus, securing water should be considered a fundamental human right. The launch of dialogue mechanisms and organizations for promoting the UN Decade on Biodiversity and resolving the issues of biodiversity: To achieve the gAichi Biodiversity Targetsh, it is necessary to create a mechanism to strengthen dialogue between the sectors, which has not been sufficient so far. Solutions to the challenges related to the vertically divided administration in each country are needed. Each country should investigate the root causes of biodiversity loss, make efforts to solve them, and should have organizations that hold a clear mission to reflect the outcome in policies. Introduction of a mechanism for promoting responsible voluntary behaviors of consumers: For the resolution of global issues, the role of consumers is important and it is necessary to promote civil education for consumers to encourage their responsible and voluntary behaviors. Furthermore, it is vital to raise each otherfs awareness by environment communication represented under the label of the environment. In order to make consumers interested and influence their daily choice of goods and services, the development of environmental labels, promotion of environment communication and the implementation of environmental education are needed. Promotion of cooperation between programs for youth: For the development of children and youth, a collaborative relationship among youth programs currently promoted by governments, companies or schools and the programs voluntarily run by youth should be established. Specifically, holding a large-scale international conference dealing with comprehensive information and the internet database covering all the programs for youth is vital. While the United Nations takes a lead, governments and global companies will be expected to contribute to provide the necessary resources for these as their social responsibility. Regional centres of expertise on ESD (RCEs): For sustainable development, it is important to have human resources development utilizing various types of educational opportunities such as school education, social education, and corporate training at the local community level. In order to achieve this, mechanisms by which a variety of stakeholders in local communities are able to have more opportunities for collaboration are needed. Such mechanisms will include ones for identification and training of local ESD coordinators, and local knowledge base (RCEs) to promote ESD. Review of the WSSD type 2 partnerships: Requesting a review and report regarding the result and progress of the Type 2 partnership launched at WSSD, as well as considering the role that has been played by the partnership in sustainable development and its future situation, is necessary. 2.6 Roles of stakeholders in the promotion of sustainable development (including greening the economy) Nine major groups were recognized at the Earth Summit in 1992, but its review is a major premise. For example, the groups that play a significant role in sustainable development such as consumers, cooperatives, and education sector should be included. On that basis, it is important that each stakeholder confirms the following roles. Roles of women: Establish women as active promoters of green economy and promote gender equality through a green economy. Role of children and youth: The realization of a sustainable society is an important issue with which the future generations are the concerned party, and therefore, it is essential to have their understanding, cooperation and involvement. In addition to the existing initiatives such as ESD, the capacity building activities of children and youth should be undertaken through all possible means of education/training. The practices of children and youth for their society should be strengthened and we should create a world where the voice of children and youth are better reflected in their societies. To achieve this, support from not only children and youth groups but all the stakeholders is needed. Role of NGOfs: The characteristics of NGOs are to act flexibly and sensitively in a diverse society. For example, in the recovery from the earthquake, NGOs in the affected areas as disaster volunteers made huge contributions in the area where the government did not reach. NGOs also carry out specialized activities for policy recommendation to attempt the economic transformation of existing social system. These NGOs play an important role in policy formation. NGOs play a surveillance role against the actions of government administration and companies that bring the voice of citizens to the decision-making authority (policy recommendations). Moreover, NGOs have a function as a flexible platform for individuals and various stakeholders to form partnerships and for citizens to start voluntary participation in activities. Role of local governments: Local governments have the capacity to advance low-carbon and facilitate a green economy using their authority in the field of urban development, transportation, water and sewage services, waste disposal, education, conservation and utilization of natural resources. Local governments are able to facilitate low-carbon business as a leader in public facilities construction, infrastructure maintenance and public transport management, which could be a major project. They can also promote the improvement of energy-saving functions in buildings in 30 the entire local community, including the private sector and the restriction of GHG emission from economic and industrial activities, with a system that uses a regulatory authority and market mechanisms. In addition, as the government closest to local businesses and consumers, local governments can provide detailed guidance and advice on energy consumption, and are capable of facilitating energy measures for the demand-side thoroughly. Role of trade union: Green job initiative, which was proposed by the ILO in June 2007 with a response to Climate change, sustainable society and good quality job creation as its aim, was introduced in the joint report by ITUC, ILO, UNEP and IOE called gGreen jobsh in which it is anticipated to create 20 million new jobs in renewable energy sector by 2030. In order to implement gJust Transitionh that creates gDecent Workh confirmed in the Cancun Agreement, the Japanese Trade Union Confederation (RENGO), the national center of the trade union, along with ITUC of which the RENGO is a member, should work in cooperation with civil society to encourage democratic social dialogues that propose the way we should deal with the elements which may negatively influence issues such as employment, gender, wages, working conditions, Occupational safety and Health and conduct a follow-up. In view of these needs, the Japanese Trade Union Confederation confirmed at the 59th Central Committee (December 2010) gToward a secure society build around work as its core themeh that showed a image of society and vision to be pursued. Along with the necessity of the genvironmental conservation of the earthh and the gcreation of green jobs,h which are the prerequisite for sustainability, gDecent Work,h gjust distribution of resources,h and gdetente and achievement of peace between countries,h fulfilling the core labor standards are indicated as neckwear in any country. In addition, in August 2011, gGuidelines on Responsible Investment of Workerfs Capitalh was adopted and workers (union members) were requested that they act to contribute to the social formation of a fair and sustainable society, by implementing a responsible investment that encourages socially responsible cooperative action and financial transactions with the contributed funds of workers or funds that workers contributed to. Role of cooperatives: Cooperatives are autonomous organizations that sign up voluntarily to fulfill common economic, social and cultural needs and desires through a business body that is member-funded, co-owned and democratically controlled. Cooperatives have a function that stabilize life and activate communities, and by being rooted in society and encouraging mutual assistance, they play a role in encouraging a sustainable society. Role of companies and industries: Japanese corporations and industry consider the role of Japanese industry should be to apply Japanese superior technologies to the economic development of developing countries and support sustainable development with a minimum consumption of resources and environmental impact. In addition, as the procurement power of the world, greening the supply chain (such as the promotion of environmentally friendly procurement and production) will be advanced actively. In other words, ggreen purchasing,h which is an environmentally sound procurement of materials, including carbon footprint and ecological footprint can be promoted. Role of scientific technology communities: In the process of each stakeholderfs participation in sustainable development, it is important that each of them receives correct information. The scientists are required to play the role that conducts monitoring on the current environmental situation, predicting the future based on the monitoring data, and presenting measures based on the prediction. It is also the role of scientists that they explain such information to the public in an easy to understand manner. Japan in particular is able to contribute to the development of a circumstance for developing countries to work voluntarily on sustainable development, by providing basic scientific data on global environmental issues such as geographic information, greenhouse gas effect, and the situation of biodiversity. Role of educators: For human resources development, the role of educators is extremely important. Higher education institutions such as universities are required to promote ESD for students who are expected to compose of the critical mass of the future society by reorienting their educational curricula. They are also requested to train teachers who understand ESD, and as experts provide advice and other support for local community activities to build a sustainable society. Regarding primary and secondary education, the perspectives of the ESD should be integrated into all the curricula from kindergartens to high schools. It is also necessary to strengthen communication and collaboration among different grades and different levels of schools, and to look for collaboration with local stakeholders. Furthermore, not only teachers but also curators at museums, libraries and town halls as well as interpreters at natural parks are expected to play an active role in promoting ESD in local communities. Role of the media: In promoting sustainable development, it is important to encourage the reform awareness of citizens and companies on which the media has the biggest influence. Defining the media as an important stakeholder and clarifying its role is crucial. In addition, not only the one-way communication as was in the previous model, but mutual communication such as social media that promotes a participatory society is important. Role of individuals: The role of individuals is also important. Every organization in the world is formed by individuals and often an individual belongs to multiple major groups. Individuals are required to have awareness as a consumer in compliance with purchasing for a sustainable green economy, choice of time, and choice of policies. Although individuals have certain roles at work, in private and in community, the key to all the changes is the individualfs action based on firm awareness that they as an individual have the final responsibility. 2.7 Shifting lifestyle to achieve sustainable development Traditionally Japanese people have been committed to the efficient use of resources, following the idea of gmottainaih, which is roughly equivalent to the English expression, gWhat a waste!h To overcome the power crisis in Japan after the earthquake, great cooperation has come from companies that have made energy and peak power saving efforts, in addition to coping through a shift in lifestyle. The lifestyle changes like Japan experienced through cutting lights and actions such as changing clothes to better adapt to weather conditions are important elements in achieving sustainable development. There must be a catalyst that encourages us to change our lifestyles. For example, the development of environmental initiatives locally and nationally that encourage changes in household and individual lifestyles to save resources, save energy, and implement low-carbon models is being considered (e.g. improved eco-point system, introducing and popularizing an eco-community currency, labeling of agricultural/forestry/fishery products and household appliances, the idea of local production for local consumption, developing road infrastructure for the efficient use of vehicles, compiling and sharing of all relevant road transport statistic data for this purpose, promoting public transport usage, and maintaining a transportation and mobility environment that minimizes social costs). In the transformation of lifestyle, the role education plays is also important. It is desirable to strengthen educational activities currently promoted under the Decade of ESD, such as school education, social education, training in business companies and institutions, education for citizens, regional centres of expertise on ESD (RCEs), activities of ESD or ESS (education for sustainable society) in each local society. If the significance of a green economy becomes clear to individuals, it will lead to actions. With the awareness that the final responsibility of sustainable development lies in individuals, it is important to link this to a life style change. 3. Opinions on Specific Themes 3.1 Proposals on the Green Economy in the Context of Sustainable Development and Eradication of Poverty 3.1.1 Priority Areas and Procedures for gGreening of the Economyh Japanese stakeholders recognize the green economy as important in moving forward with sustainable development. The following reasons were cited for the necessity of discussing the green economy: a) As economic activities underlie environmental problems, it is necessary to discuss fundamental problems; b) Biodiversity and natural capital that support economic activities are significantly deteriorating at present. We need an economic mechanism that reflects the cost of the deterioration of natural capital and risk to people, including future generations; and c) Under constraints on resources and Climate change, we need an economy that is well aware of these constraints. We regard a low carbon strategy through the development of technologies for efficient utilization of resources and green innovation in infrastructures, including roads and buildings, as an area we should address on a priority basis. It is also essential to proceed with efforts in areas conducive to the promotion of energy saving. (Examples: Development, improvement and diffusion of energy-saving, low-carbon technologies, development and diffusion of long-life materials and products, shift to energy-saving, low-carbon industrial structure and utilization of renewable and natural energy, etc.) It is also desirable to promote the utilization of sustainable ecosystem services based on the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and Nagoya Protocol adopted at the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD-COP10) held in 2010. The greening of finance and agriculture, forestry and fisheries is also an important issue. Various ideas have been proposed as necessary efforts and procedures for the promotion of the green economy: a) Stability of governance of each country is important in facilitating the green economy, and it is necessary to have a mechanism to promote democratic systems, laws and regulations, free trade and investment; b) Governance of global multinational corporations and financial systems is also important, and initiatives such as ISO26000 should be further promoted; c) Citizens lack the awareness and knowledge of the green economy, and it is necessary to get them across through school education and civil society; d) Consumption styles not to break down the balance of natural capital should be established; e) Since it is important for each individual to make purchase decisions on the basis of information on the environment, etc., information for such decision-making should be provided; f) Legal system development, administrative system improvement, information disclosure, participation of all stakeholders and third-party monitoring bodies should be ensured; and g) Efforts should be promoted while monitoring progress with the use of appropriate indicators. It is necessary to position the perspective of Communication, Education and Public Awareness (CEPA) as the basis of efforts toward the green economy the international community will make with the holding of Rio+20 as motivation and to encourage the synergy effect between CEPA activities to achieve the Aichi Biodiversity Targets under the Convention on Biodiversity and promote the U.N. Decade on Biodiversity and each countryfs obligations concerning the public awareness, education and training concerning the Framework Convention on Climate change and the U.N. Convention to Combat Desertification, etc. 3.1.2 Measures Necessary in Each Area to Promote the Greening of the Economy To use utilize natural capital having the nature of common property across generations in a sustainable way, it is recommended to start in-depth discussion on the gUser Recovery Principleh centering on the idea of the user of natural capital being responsible for restoring the original state and paying the cost when natural capital is used beyond a sustainable pace, and considering the direction of institutionalizing that principle in the countries concerned. 34 Given the limits on the environmental capacity of the earth, sustainable development and growth requires the realization of economic growth and creation of employment. In addition, in the present capital market, stabilization of the financial markets is an important factor. In order to promote the green economy, financial instability that could hamper corporate activities poses a major impediment and causes a setback in the driving power. Regulations on excessively speculative investment and regulations to break wild fluctuations would be required. As a prerequisite for the greening of the economy, it is necessary to consider natural capital in terms of the real economy. The World Bankfs ongoing initiative to incorporate ecosystem services into national economic accounting provides a useful reference. It has been demonstrated that tools to promote the greening of the economy are diverse. They are broadly divided into regulations and incentives, management tools and voluntary efforts, and the following tools are considered effective: (a) Regulations: Introduction of the feed-in tariff and other systems for the promotion of renewable energy, utilization of tax systems that reflect costs imposed on gothers,h including future generations, and risks such as the environmental tax and international solidarity levy, and tougher environmental regulations, etc. (b) Incentives: Expansion of preferential tax, financial and fiscal treatment of and commendation systems for business corporations and organizations, etc. that promote the development and diffusion of environment-friendly technologies and products, evaluation and announcement, etc. of efforts by business corporations, appropriate application of accounting standards. (c) Utilization of international standards and guidelines: Utilization of international standards as tools for realizing the green economy is also effective. It is important to position ISO26000 issued in November 2010 as a tool to give shape to the green economy in organizational management and promote it at an international level. (d) Voluntary efforts (Pledge and review): Voluntary efforts to promote the green economy are important as is the formation of systems to support them. The role of consumers is important in promoting the green economy, and to that end, communication between producers and consumers are also important. As an effective tool, it is important to review inadequate points in the existing environmental labeling and improve it globally. International institutions and national governments, as an informational environment for promoting the conservation and sustainable utilization of natural capital, jointly build an international database on available natural capital, etc., in regions of the world and establish the system for monitoring, evaluation and verification of the status of its utilization. In order to promote product design under constraints on resources, launched the Finite Design 35 Initiative to Support a Sustainable Society with the participation of research institutes, product designers, business corporations, traditional craftsmen and consumers, etc., of various countries for such efforts as (1) closer cooperation among institutions concerned with finite design research; (2) development of common product protocols conducive to finite design (develop and share common product protocols concerning processes and parts that serve as the pivots of recycling and reuse); (3) diffusion of the top-runner format; and (4) visualization of the degree of sustainability of natural capital utilization (visualize the degree of sustainability of natural capital utilization by quantitatively showing the amount of natural capital required for the manufacture of goods and services consumers make use of in their everyday life and the gwaiting timeh for their recycling). In order to develop the capital market to support the green economy, urge institutional investors around the world to embrace the Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) and ask them to enhance the transparency of their investment behaviors. Furthermore, business corporations compile corporate reports that integrate financial as well as sustainability issues, and governments and exchanges institutionalize such reports. Since the green economy based on gender disparity cannot be regarded as sustainable development, strive to promote the green economy on the basis of institutional and organizational cooperation between divisions that promote the green economy and divisions that promote gender equality. 3.1.3 Efforts Necessary to Ensure Economic Growth and Poverty Eradication through the Greening of the Economy Promotion of the green economy means a shift in the direction of growth toward economic growth that breaks out of the resources-depleting growth to date and confirms to the environmental capacity of the earth. Low-carbon and sustainable utilization of resources will become possible, together with economic growth, employment creation and food security, through promotion of new environmentally sound technology development and reconstruction of labor-intensive and sustainable domestic industries. It is also essential for the business community to provide manufacturing and services friendly to the environment and human rights throughout the supply chain. In every effort, it is necessary to develop institutional frameworks that facilitate the poorest segment of the population, particularly poor women in developing countries, to benefit from the green economy. Development of environmentally sound technology, in particular the progress in small-scale power generation technologies based on renewable resources, contribute to the provision of cheap energy to poor people in rural areas. Development of sustainable and responsible agricultural, forestry and fisheries industries is highly likely to similarly contribute to ensuring employment and food for poor people in rural areas who have high dependence on natural resources. Sustainable base of the pyramid (BOP) business is in the spotlight to eradicate poverty from the 36 perspective that supporting people living in poverty in their employment, business launching and livelihood and thereby enhancing their purchasing power should help their economic growth as well as business expansion. It is necessary to help raise the awareness about examples of best practices and develop frameworks of support for BOP business in consultation with stakeholders involved. 3.1.4 Values the Greening of the Economy Brings The greening of the economy should contribute to the realization of low-carbon and sustainable utilization of resources, along with economic growth, employment creation and food security, and should at the same time be conducive to eradication of poverty. Promotion of the green economy should contribute to correcting the existing structural disparity, rather than fixating such disparity. In particular, the aspect of employment creation is highly important. Various countries have set respective employment targets related to the green economy, and Japanese New Growth Strategy calls for employment creation to the tune of 1.4 million jobs. Gender equality should be emphasized in the creation of employment. As the green economy can also nurture sustainable domestic industries and promote the development of alternative resources and alternative energy, it can be expected to enhance the capacity to adapt to surges in prices of food, resources and energy the international community is now confronted with by reducing the dependence on overseas sources of supply. The greening of the economy also allows the gnon-economic valueh to be recognized anew. In addition to the richness of natural capital and selfless cooperation among community members that cannot be measured by the economic value, the cost and risk, etc., imposed upon gothers,h including future generations, in a hard-to-see manner comes under consideration. The greening of the economy prompts changes in peoplefs values and individual choices and also encourages people to seek sustainable lifestyles. 3.1.5 What Are Appropriate Indicators to Make the Richness of Life and Mind and the Costs and Risks Hitherto Unconsidered Visible? In order to make the richness of life and mind and the costs and risks that have not been considered previously visible, new indicators are necessary in addition to the existing indicators such as the efficiency of resources and energy and carbon dioxide emissions. In particular, it is considered extremely important to reflect the economic value of ecosystem services, such as green accounting, in the national accounting system to recognize the negative impact of development on the natural environment. Concerning natural capital in particular, it is important to introduce the idea of the speed of regeneration and incorporate it into the method of evaluating natural capital, in addition to its stocks and resource productivity. Along with physical and objective social evaluation indicators, subjective indicators such as the satisfaction of people as key players in life are necessary. However, it has been argued that the grichness of lifeh cannot be measured by a uniform indicator as it depends largely on the values of people. The indicators should include one that measures the achievement of gender equality through the green economy. 3.2 Proposals on the Institutional Frameworks for Sustainable Development 3.2.1 Problems in the International and Domestic Organizational and Institutional Frameworks for Sustainable Development and Ways to Improve Them Differences in emerging issues and the existing policies have made the U.N. system outdated, and the Rio+20 should serve as an opportunity to allow for discussions on the institutional frameworks that should be enhanced. The institutional frameworks for sustainable development require an institutional design that reflects the changes of the times, and the following three points are important as the basic points of view. The first is the importance of multilevel governance. Sustainable development needs to be addressed not only by the United Nations alone but also at all of the multilateral, regional, national, local and RCE levels. The second is the importance of the participation by multi-stakeholders. Sustainable development cannot be left to governments alone. It is also necessary for various other stakeholders to participate in the process and decision-making. The third is the recognition that we cannot rely on the United Nations to solve all problems. As for institutional reform, it is necessary to clarify the goals of the reform plan, vision and time axis. We cannot expect to develop an effective institutional design unless we address the whole spectrum of problems, including institutions, instead of dealing only with institutions. There also is an urgent necessity to build international governance concerning water, food, energy, resources and radioactive contamination. For agricultural operators in particular, food self-sufficiency is most important for security as well, and therefore the vision and system on which the primary industry can be established are of importance. Food and water are fundamental to human beings, and priority should be given to the building of the system that can safeguard the bare-minimum livelihood. The five options presented by the U.N. Environment Program (UNEP) indicate only the broad direction and are not necessarily adequately specific proposals, making the comparative evaluation of the options fundamentally difficult. What is necessary at the present stage is to give more concrete shape to the five options. For example, there could be a variety of ways to strengthen the UNEP, the U.N. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and the U.N. Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD). Since the five options are all related to reform of the U.N. organizational structure, it is likely to take considerable time to implement them and their effects emerge only over the medium and long term. U.N. reform can be expected to be effective only when it is carried out in tandem with appropriate measures taken not only by national governments and international organizations but also at multi levels involving regions, states, localities and all other stakeholders. Theoretically, the five options are not mutually exclusive. For example, the establishment of the World Environmental Organization (WEO), one of the options, and reform at ECOSOC and the CDS can be supported at the same time. Also, post-reform ECOSOC can be converted into an umbrella organization for sustainable development, for instance, into the Sustainable Development Council (SDC) as already discussed. The functional strengthening of the UNEP can include the conversion of the UNEP into the WEO in the future. Criteria for evaluation of the specific options should not be limited to the facilitation of sustainable development but also give importance to efficiency. It is also necessary to take the political feasibility into account. Regarding the strengthening or turning into a specialized agency of the UNEP, there were opinions that it would be wrong to believe that turning the UNEP into a specialized agency would solve everything and reform of the UNEP should focus on making existing programs, for example, economic and social development policy, chiefly environment-oriented and the enhancement of environmental assessment and public awareness-related activities, leaving capacity-building to other more suitable organizations, while others argued that the strengthening of the UNEP should take precedence or that the functions of the WEO should be clarified. 3.2.2 Specific Proposals Concerning the International and Domestic Organizational and Institutional Frameworks for Sustainable Development Promotion of environmental policy integration (EPI) for sustainability: In order to enhance the synergy effects between environmental and development policies and their implementation, further efforts should be exerted at national levels. Environmental policy integration (EPI) for sustainability is one of effective methods. This represents a deliberate attempt to give precedence to environmental conservation before exchange conditions arise between environmental, economic and social goals. In particular, what is needed is a system based on the gprinciple of complementarilyh where the policy integration by local governments that can present specific proposals on problems for which policies should be integrated is welcomed and respected. Adjustments between conventions: Systems are segmented under many multilateral conventions, etc., and adjustments between them are insufficient. Most environment-related conventions are regional conventions that have different memberships, and it is deemed difficult to make adjustments between them. As for global conventions (such as the Chemicals Convention, the Convention on Biodiversity and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna), cooperation among their respective Secretariats is proceeding, and such an approach is more realistic. Strengthening of the partnership between the United Nations and Bretton Woods and other 39 institutions: U.N. agencies need to strengthen the partnership with international institutions that are promoting international cooperation for sustainable development. Strengthening of the monitoring function: It is necessary to strengthen the check and balance function by citizens regarding sustainable development. As for radioactive contamination, it is necessary to strengthen specialized international institutes, including NGOs, with the functions of monitoring internal exposure and other health damage from radioactive contamination and the environment and presenting recommendations. Promotion of the bottom-up approach: What is being fundamentally questioned in the institutional frameworks is the leadership. Instead of placing expectations on the leadership provided by a specific country, what could be considered is the direction of enhancing the status of governance by people who can offer effective solutions to problems through, among others, the bottom-up approach (at the levels of local governments, NGOs, business corporations and industries, and regions). Building of the multilevel governance: Global standards are being developed by the clout of multi-stakeholders, rather than under decisions by the heads of state or intergovernmental agencies (Example: ISO16000). Multilevel governance that can cover the whole range of areas is important. Building of a system that encourages corporate reform: It is necessary to build a mechanism that can promote responsible investment by business corporations. Systems that promote corporate social responsibility (CSR), such as environmental accounting, etc., are important, and the U.N. Global Compact can be commended as the first step. Strengthening of compliance and enforcement of laws: Laws and regulations reflecting unique conditions of respective countries are one of very important tools to put policies related to the environment and development into action. Without effective compliance and enforcement of these laws and regulations, policy measures designed for human health and sustainable development would be doomed to failure. It is important to continuously strengthen compliance and enforcement of relevant laws in regions, states and local governments through the sharing of developed countriesf best practices by developing countries, etc. To that end, the capacity building for law enforcement by developing countries and international support are essential. Building of a funding mechanism for ensuring sustainable development: In order to enhance the effectiveness of institutions involved in sustainable development, ensuring the additional financing and effective utilization of existing funds is of great importance. National governments need to beat their brains and build a funding mechanism for ensuring sustainable development. Enhancement of private-sector participation: As we cannot hope for much increase in contributions to the United Nations, it is important to incorporate business corporations into the framework in order to make good use of private-sector funds for sustainable development, for example, to extract funds from global corporations. It is also necessary to further transmit specific environmental activities (best practices) of business corporations globally. While there already exist mechanisms to appropriately monitor and keep close tabs on activities of global corporations in some areas (for example, the Bank for International Settlements), such mechanisms are necessary in all areas related to sustainable development. Building the governance structure with stronger local autonomy in mind: With the clear recognition that local governments (big cities, in particular) are major players in climate policy measures and that local governments rich in natural resources are major players in biodiversity policies, the governance structure that reflects these facts must be built up. It is necessary to urge local governments for proactive actions and establish the new function of supporting and facilitating international cooperation between local governments. We should consider how to position international networks of local governments and big cities, such as the ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI) and the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group (C40), and we should also allow local governmentsf access to environmental and climate funding programs of the World Bank, regional development banks, the Global Environmental Facility (GEF), Climate Investment Funds (CIF) and the Green Climate Fund (GCF), and programs for utilization of know-how of advanced local governments, in order to support international cooperation between local governments. Integration with policies to promote gender equality: As gender equality and empowerment of women are essential to promote sustainable development, it is necessary to promote institutional mechanism to enhance collaboration among the organizations and divisions that are responsible for gender equality and sustainable development. Establishment of a new global convention: As a specific proposal, we should consider the establishment of a regional or global convention that put into action the ideas in line with Principles 10 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and the ensuing Aarhus Convention developed by the U.N. Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). It would give legal authority access to information by citizens and citizen groups, and promote accountability and dialogue with stakeholders by effectively realizing multilevel governance. Promotion of forecast science for enhancing responsiveness to variability: In order to enhance responsiveness to variability and reduce the uncertainty concerning social systems in the dynamically changing global environment, proactively promote the Global Forecast Service. The accurate understanding about regional impacts of such fundamental problems as Climate change, biodiversity and water can lead us to government policy planning and better disaster prevention particularly in developing counties. That scientific information on the earth is offered in an easy-to-understand and open manner and provides multi-stakeholders with the real beginning of key solutions to global environmental issues. This will be made possible with the networks of Japanese universities and research institutions taking the initiative and business corporations offering technologies. It is also important to establish places for sharing scientific knowledge about disasters (including health hazards) and exchanging views. | {
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There was no post yesterday because yesterday sucked.
Thursday, May 23, 2013
Tuesday, May 21, 2013
Today’s blog prompt:
How did you Prepare? List your supplies, where you bought them, how you made them, how much you paid, etc.
Well, to start I didn’t buy anything for this challenge, because well, I didn’t have any excess funds to buy stuff. I gathered up about 8 of my husbands old shirts and cut them up following the t-shirt diaper instructions on Dirt Diaper Laundry’s website. Then I hunted up all of our cotton receiving blankets (all three of them, lol). That’s about it. Cutting the shirts up was a remarkably quick thing. I was sure it would be tedious and time consuming, so they all sat in a pile in my living room for about two days. Then yesterday on the drive into drop John off for work I got them all cut up, so in about 40 minutes.
Monday, May 20, 2013
I promise, most days of the challenge won’t be sporting two blog posts, but I wanted to go ahead and put up the end of today’s video and… my boys have news as well.
The boys got awards today!
Zach got Most Improved and his class voted on awards and he got Most Compassionate, Most Likely to be Injured or Bruised, and History Lover. Ryan got an award for having the highest Math scores in his class.
I’m feeling super proud of my big boys at the moment.
Saturday, May 18, 2013
Friday, May 17, 2013
Of course Ryan has to be difficult.
Our house came down with a stomach bug last week. Everyone got sick. It was… gross. Ryan however did not. Ryan, who has the constitution of an ox, generally does not catch most sickies that the rest of us get, so I figured we were all good now.
Oh no. Ryan just wanted his own sick time it seems. I got called Wednesday afternoon to come and get him from school. He had already thrown up twice, and then he threw up two more times while I was waiting on him. The nurse told him just to leave all his stuff in his class, she’d rather he didn’t walk all the way back across the school to get it. Got the boy home – no more pukes, or sick feelings AT ALL. Yet, since he got sent home for throwing up he couldn’t go back yesterday. Yesterday, with a bored Ryan, was a very, very long day.
Wednesday, May 15, 2013
Spencer is my younger brother, and Mason is named after him as a nod to their almost shared birthdays; March 23rd and 25th. I told him if Mason was a boy they could share middle names, I kinda didn’t think I’d actually get lucky enough for another boy. But nope. He’s a boy. He has all the parts to prove it.
You might be wondering how one can be a “Spencer,” please, let me explain.
As a baby, toddler, young child (lets be honest, he’s 20 and this still applies) Spencer was the child you weren’t expecting. Cute, chubby cheeks, sweetest little angelic smile, loving, and could destroy a room in under two minutes all while laughing and saying he loves you. But no, there’s more. Even little he looked for adventure and had to explore everything. And touch everything. And taste everything. Sweetest child ever, but you couldn’t have him out of your sight for a second or all heck would break loose. (If you’re curious how I know all of this – I’m six years older than Spencer) | {
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23/08/2011 | by tristan
Words & Photos: Tristan Kennedy
A week ago today, the Whitelines Rail Jam came to the slopes of the UK for the first time, bringing badass riding, big tunes, and bare people to the indoor arena of The Snow Centre at Hemel Hempstead. OK, so we’re always gonna blow our own trumpet a little bit on this one (we mean like shout about it, not what Prince does in the privacy of his own home) but seriously, there was a pretty damn impressive turn out, and the riding did go off in some serious style.
A lot of this was down to the effort put in by the DWA (Diggers With Attitude) crew at Hemel, who shaped one of the sickest parks any indoor dome’s seen for a while – complete with a street feature consisting of the Whitelines down bar, a box to gas-pipe, and the SCUK Box set up as a ledge over a set of icy stairs. Alongside this was a line of two kickers, while side by side rails at the top of the slope, the Whitelines rainbow rail, and a C-Box buried in a bank provided the rest of the entertainment. Fellow event organisers FBBB put us in touch with a man who had a garage full of insanely-large speakers, and a head full of stories of the illegal raves he used to run back in the nineties. Once we had his epic soundsystem in place (and the sounds of the awesome DJ Hungryman to accompany the session), we were ready to roll.
Like the original board test Rail Jam in Kaunertal Austria, the event started with a gentle jam session, giving all the riders a chance to get used to the park, and strut their stuff all over the slope. Locals like Sam Cullum and Lannig Canu were whipping out all sorts of steezy shit over the kickers, while Dan Wakeham, who’d travelled up from Plymouth for the occasion (and to skate the brand new Hemel bowl) was getting properly stuck in too. The event sponsors Lib Tech had set themselves up at the bottom of the slope with a full complement of 2011-12′s sickest new sticks for people to test out for free, and Mikee’s FBBB assumed his usual position behind the microphone, calling out tricks, bigging up riders who were doing well, and abusing people when they fell over. After a couple of hours of messing around, and a quick break for a reshape and a pint, the rail jam proper began, with the DWA’s epic urban-inspired stairset taking centre stage.
With Mikee egging them on from the sidelines, riders dropped in and threw down their finest moves for the first 45 minutes in an open jam session. Neil Campbell, Chris Chatt and others had come down from Milton Keynes to bust out a few steezy front blunts and tail-presses. Rowan Biddiscombe (who’s now a local, having decided to base himself in Hemel for the summer) was whipping out stylish back boards tucking his knee in and grabbing indy down the rail. Calum Paton did a fine line in front 3 to 50-50s, and Dan Wakeham got stuck in with a few solid back lips.
There was also impressive riding from Ed “Sideshow Bob” Castle-Henry, and young Josh Ogden was killing it. While most of the action was happening on the down bar, the rest of the setup was by no means left alone. Katie Ormerod and Becky Menday, two of the UK’s brightest future prospects (and already damn fine shredders in their own right) were destroying the box to gas pipe side of the set with various tech combos. On the other side, the SCUK Box was used as a skate-style ledge to gap the stairs by the likes of Emily Williams on more than one occasion – freaking out photographers James North and Andrew Jay, who’d set up their flashes underneath it!
After a select group of eight men and four women were whittled down to a final, the action began in earnest. Again the format was open, allowing riders like the ever-stylish MK local Gazza Andrews (the winner of the Kaunertal rail jam) to really excel. Tricks like a super-solid cab 270 onto the down bar and a stalefish gap to back board made him the standout rider of the night. But while it became clear that Gazza’s consistency and big bag of tricks would earn him first place, the judges were having a real battle deciding on second and third. In fact, there was effectively a five-way tie going on, with Nathan Onions, Calum Paton, Cody Heirons, Chris Chatt and Neil Campbell all riding so consistently, and stomping all manner of technical shite so cleanly, that it was impossible to pick between them. With the jam session extended, each one was given a couple more runs to prove themselves – and to try and break the deadlock in the judges minds.
In the end, the difficult decision was made, and the places were announced as follows: First for Gazza Andrews, second for Calum Paton, and Chris Chatt in third. The women’s battle, which had seen Katie and Becky matching each other trick for trick, was eventually won by Katie. Becky took second and local lass Alise Balode, who’d been super-solid all night, grabbed a well-deserved third place. Meanwhile young Josh Ogden romped his way to the best junior title after a sick night’s riding that saw him prove that elders are not necessarily betters. With cash prizes (in the form of crisp 50-pound notes) Whitelines subscriptions and a whole bunch of other goodies in their hands, the winners went home smiling. But as always with the jam format, the competitive aspect was only half the fun. The idea – of getting as many people as possible out on to a sick park setup – had come through nicely, and (though we say so ourselves) a sick night was had by all. You can watch the full video highlights of the event here.
Thanks to our sponsors LIb Tech, FBBB, Gnu and Quiksilver, and here’s to the next one at Castleford on Friday, August 26th. See you there!
WHITELINES RAIL JAM HEMEL HEMPSTEAD
1) Gareth Andrews
2) Calum Paton
3) Chris Chatt
1) Katie Ormerod
2) Becky Menday
3) Alise Balode
1) Josh Ogden | {
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SEPTEMBER 2012 EVENTS
Allison Rosati of NBC-TV Channel 5 is the evening’s speaker at the Women’s Board of Childen’s Home + Aid Benefit Gala on Sept. 7 at the Four Seasons Hotel Chicago. See calendar for complete details.
Updated: September 18, 2012 11:23PM
Hadassah North Shore Chapter will hold an unwrapped Toy Collection for families in need as a Mitzvah (good deed) Project for 2012. This Chanukah/Holiday season the toys will be given to The Ark for distribution to the children and their families. Drop off is at the North Shore office, 3000 Dundee #313 in Northbrook from 9 a.m.-4 p.m. Mondays through Thursdays.; 9 a.m.-2 p.m. Fridays. Toys are being collected now. North Shore Chairwoman is Rose Wolf of Highland Park. Chapter President is Randy Heidenfelder of Lake Zurich. For more information contact Hadassah North Shore office at (847) 205-1900, email [email protected] or see northshore.hadassah.org.
Tom & Eddie’s 1st anniversary fundraiser ‘Burgers & Badges’: 4-8 p.m. Sept. 1, Tom & Eddie’s, Vernon Hills, 1260 S. Milwaukee Ave., Vernon Hills. Uniformed officers from the Vernon Hills Police Department will be serving customers. Special promotions are planned for customers. Anyone whose birthday is Sept. 1 will receive a free birthday entrée, redeemable at all locations. Double loyalty points will be awarded on Tom & Eddie’s Loyalty Cards, also at all locations. Magician (only at Vernon HIlls) performs from 5:30-7 p.m.; raffle prizes. Ten percent of T&E’s net sales during 4-8 p.m. will be donated to Special Olympics Illinois. Officers of the Vernon Hills Police Department will sell $10 raffle tickets for a 2013 Harley-Davidson. Six winners will be drawn, and later in the fall, at the Special Olympics headquarters in Bloomington, IL, each winner will be given a key, but only one key will start the Harley. The other five winners will receive 50-inch big screen TVs worth $1,000 each. (847) 478-1019, tomandeddies.com, facebook.com/TomandEddies.
Aviva/Lilah Hadassah of the North Shore Chapter “Baking with Bubbe”: 10 a.m. Sept. 5, at a member’s home in Glenview. Learn how to bake Mandelbrot, part of a series of learnng to make traditional Jewish foods for the holidays. Charge is $5. Annual membership in Hadassah is $36. This Centennial year Life membership is $212 honoring our 100th Annversary. Reservation Chair is Shari Forsythe. President is Deanna Jacobson. Hadassah North Shore office at (847) 205-1900, email [email protected] or see northshore.hadassah.org.
Highland Park Hadassah Educational Event: Sept. 5, Illinois Holocaust Museum in Skokie. A docent led tour focusing on the International Spy Museum exhibit of “Spies, Traitors and Saboteurs” will start at 1 p.m. Museum entrance and tour is $15. Those who wish to join the group earlier for lunch at 11 a.m. can meet them at the Bagel Restaurant in the Old Orchard Westfield Shopping Center in Skokie. Luncheon cost is $20. Reservations required. Reservation Chair is Judy Klein of Highland Park. Group President is Sally Stiefel of Highland Park.Hadassah North Shore office at (847) 205-1900, email [email protected] or see northshore.hadassah.org.
Neiman Marcus Northbrook Fashion’s Night Out: 6-9 p.m. Sept. 6, 5000 Northbrook Court Northbrook, (847) 564-0300; Fall trend runway show, 7 p.m. Meet the Chicago Fire’s Dan Gargan—multitalented athlete, painter & T-shirt designer—& browse his line of T-shirts available for purchase, benefiting the Chicago Public Art Group. NM Northbrook has made a donation to the Chicago Public Art Group. Enjoy a performance from Dance for Life, art displays, & snap a pic in our photo booth to upload to your online profile. Sips & light bites from top caterer Food For Thought. Please reply (847) 509-6788 or [email protected].
Fashion Week Highland Park: Sept. 6-8, Port Clinton Square, 600 Central Avenue, Highland Park. Three-day event presented by The Downtown Highland Park Alliance. More than 50 area businesses specializing in fashion, beauty and entertaining will participate and highlight the hottest trends in fitness, beauty, fashion and special events. Participants include: 86 Hair Studio, Adesso, Antiquaire, Beanstalk, Betts & B2, Blue Orchid Salon and Spa, Blue Rose Gift Gallery, Blue Rose Ribbons, Cargo for Boys, Chico’s, Citywoods, Eileen Fisher, Enaz, Equinox, Highland Park Furs, JW Plastic Surgery & Med Spa, Kenzy Gifts & Décor, Lash L’Heureux, L’Occitane, M Restaurant, My Best Friends Closet, Nutritional Health Solutions, Olga’s Skin Care & Day Spa, Over the Top, Posh Essentials, Rock n Rags by CD City, Ross Cosmetics, Salon Vole, Spex, Sprout Kids, Stationary Station, Table Compliments, The Bootery, The Pilates Center of the North Shore, Therapeutic Kneads, Uncle Dan’s and more, Funds raised at the Runway Fashion Shows during Fashion Week Highland Park will benefit The Auxiliary of NorthShore University HealthSystem (NorthShore) at Highland Park Hospital. Sept. 9 a.m.-4 p.m., Fitness and Beauty events, free; Sept. 7, 11 a.m. and 1 p.m., Runway Fashion Show, $10; Sept. 8, 10 a.m.-3 p.m., Entertainment and event Showcase, free. Plenty of free parking available on the streets, in the Port Clinton garage, Renaissance Place garage and the city parking garage west of the tracks on first street between Central and Laurel. (847) 780-4293, downtownhp.com. To purchase Runway Fashion Show tickets in advance please visitfashionweekhp.com.
Catholic Charities Gala of the Arts: 6 p.m. Sept. 7. Celebrating the visual and performing arts, this event benefits Catholic Charities’ Emergency Assistance Programs. The evening features an art show and sale, cocktails and dinner in the Navy Pier Grand Ballroom, 600 E. Grand, Chicago. Tickets are $250. Call Ashley Owen at (312) 655-7912, e-mail [email protected] or visit galaofthearts.com.
88th Annual North Shore Art League Members’ Show & Benefit Party: 10 a.m.-3 p.m. daily, noon-3 p.m. weekends, Sept. 7-15, Winnetka Community House, 620 Lincoln Avenue, Winnetka. Features Art-in-Bloom , with special extended hours on Sept. 13, 6-8 p.m. The North Shore Art League (NSAL) considers this 9-day exhibition its major event and benefit of the year. This art display showcases the work of the member artists and NSAL faculty. A new feature is the Youth Members’ Show, a display of artwork by NSAL students ages 5-17 enrolled in 2011-2012 classes. Opening reception and Benefit Party: 6:30-9:30 p.m. Sept. 7; cost is $60 advance, $70 at the door. Be the first to preview the outstanding fine art in our gallery space on the second floor of the Winnetka Community House. Enjoy a light supper and open bar, and peruse the many silent auction tables. Highlights of our Silent Auction include sports, theater and symphony tickets, a Chicago architectural tour, gift certificates from local businesses, and quality art-related items. The Feinberg Trio will perform classical music during the opening reception. Proceeds will be dedicated to funding NSAL operations and annual scholarship programs recognizing the achievements of area high school art students. Contact the North Shore Art League office at (847) 446-2870 or e-mail at [email protected], or see northshoreartleague.org.
Women’s Board of Childen’s Home + Aid Benefit Gala: 6:30 p.m. Sept. 7, Four Seasons Hotel Chicago, 120 E. Delaware Place, Chicago. Black tie, colorful attire encouraged for ladies. Pauline Potter Palmer Award to Joan Wing (Mrs. John A. Wing). Dancing to the Bradley Young Orchestra, silent auction. Allison Rosati of NBC-TV Channel 5 is the evening’s speaker. Tickets are $500. Call (312) 266-8729 or (312) 424-6825, or see childrenshomeandaid.org.
Adler Planetarium Celestial Ball/Benefit: 6:30 p.m. Sept. 8, Adler Planetarium, 1300 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago. “The Milky Way,” hosted by the Women’s Board features cocktails, dinner, silent auction, dancing. Black tie. Tickets; $600. Benefits Adler Planetarium. Call (312) 266-8729 or Sara Rebmann at (312) 522-0523 or [email protected].
GLASA 5th Annual 5K Twilight Run / Walk / Roll & Post Party: 5-9 p.m., Sept. 8, Gorton Community Center, 400 E. Illinois Rd., Lake Forest. Largest CARA certified 5K race in the Chicago-land area featuring disabled and non-disabled athletes competing side-by-side. The start and finish of the race is the Gorton Community Center with the actual race winding through the streets of Lake Forest. Multiple divisions by age group include runners, walkers, wheelchairs, racing chairs and hand cycles. Post Race Party features food, micro-brew beer and live music. Registration fee $25; $30 after Sept. 1. Admission is free to post-race party. Contact Great Lakes Adaptive Sports Association office at (847) 283-0908 or see glasaa.org/twilight.
The Nehara and Aviva/Lilah Hadassah groups of the North Shore Sponsor a Road Rally: 7 p.m. Sept. 8. Meeting point is in the parking lot at the former Claim Jumper Restaurant, Milwaukee and Lake Cook Roads in Wheeling. This fun evening, filled with surprises, will be $30 per person or $60 per couple and will include a complete dinner at 9 p.m. (A maximum of four people per car). The location for dinner will be the final clue! Proceeds from this event will go to stem cell research at Hadassah Hospital. Rally Chairs are Michelle Kaboff & Sue Greenberg of Vernon Hills. Group Presidents are from the Nehara Group Keely Kossof of Vernon Hills and from Aviva/Lilah Deanna Jacobson of Glenview. Hadassah North Shore office at (847) 205-1900, email [email protected] or see northshore.hadassah.org.
Parkinson’s Disease Walk-A-Thon 2012: Sept. 8, Riverwalk Grand Pavilion, 320 W. Jackson Ave., Naperville, IL 60540. 8:30 a.m. checkin, 9:30 a.m. welcome, 10:30 a.m. walk begins, 11:30 a.m. raffle. Pat and Mike Marino of Willowbrook and Marsha Berlin of Lombard are co-chairmen. For a donation of $25 or more, receive a Walk T-Shirt; otherwise there is no cost to enter. All proceeds, which include donations made by supporters of the cause and sponsorship for persons who are walking the 3 Mile course, raffle tickets (gifts are donated) and more, go directly to The University of Chicago for Research toward a Cure for Parkinson’s Disease. See apdamidest.org. formore information.
2012 Renaissance Society Annual Auction/Benefit Gala: 6:30 p.m. to midnight, Sept. 8, Aqua Hotel, Atlantic Ballroom, 221 N. Columbus Drive, Chicago. Event features cocktails, entertainment, dinner, Susanne Ghez Tribute, live and silent auctions of cutting-edge art and luxury trips, experiences and goods. Art auction preview on view at renaissancesociety.org. Tickets are $400. Contact Lori Bartman, Director of Development, at (773) 702-8670 or [email protected].
Chicago Equestrians for a Cause International Hunter Derby/Benefit: 10:30 a.m. Sept. 9, Annali Farm, 18752 Edwards Road, Antioch, Illinois. The International Hunter Derby Program was created to bring show hunters to the international level, to increase spectator interest and to bring tradition and basic riding principles back to the sport of showing hunters. Supporters and friends of show hunters, the UCCRF and Children’s Memorial Hospital are invited to Annali Farm in Antioch, Illinois.This family-friendly event includes jumping, brunch, shopping and entertainment. Tickets are $200 per person and $50 for children, includes brunch. Benefits the University of Chicago Cancer Research Foundation and Children’s Memorial Hospital. See chicagohunterderby.com or contact Nicole Seidlitz at (773) 834-1387.
Hyundai Hope On Wheels 5K Run/Walk (3.1 miles) fundraiser: 7:45 a.m. Sept. 9, Jackson Park, S. Lake Shore Drive & 63rd Street, 5700 S. Lake Shore Dr., Chicago. Benefits the Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago (formerly Children’s Memorial Hospital). Registrants on the site will also receive a Team Hope race t-shirt, custom finisher’s medal, access to the Hyundai Hope On Wheels VIP tent on race day, and access to the post-race party in Jackson Park. All participants who pledge/raise additional funds will also be eligible for six levels of great prizes. Entrance fee: $40. HyundaiRun4Hope.org.
Infant Welfare Society’ 45th Antiques and Treasures in the Field Benefit: 9 a.m.-4 p.m., Sept. 9, Deerpath Middle School, Deer Path Road, one mile east of Highway 41, Lake Forest. Sponsored by The Lake Forest Chapter of IWS of Chicago. Featuring over 50 quality Midwest dealers and the ever-popular Treasures Tent filled with items from many Lake Forest Estates. Bluffington’s Café of Lake Bluff will be offering a selection of food items and baked goods will be sold. All proceeds benefit the Angel Harvey Infant Welfare Society of Chicago Community Health Center. Admission is $10; chil;dren under 12 are free. For more information or to donate an item to the Treasures Tent please contact Leslie Davidson at (847) 778-8958 or see lakeforestantiquesale.com.
Italian Village and Ferrari Club of America’s “The 15th annual Ferrari’s In the Loop” benefit: 11 a.m.-1 p.m. Sept. 9. September marks Italian Village’s 85th anniversary; 71 West Monroe Street, Chiago. ***This event actually shuts down part of the Loop. Monroe Street, between Clark and Dearborn will be closed exclusively to display these exquisite automobiles. The event will feature over 60 high performance vehicles, including vintage and newer model Ferraris. During the event, the Italian Village will offer an all you can eat and drink Italian feast for a $30 donation (including Italian beer and wine). Children under 5 are free. Besides a memorable Italian feast and beautiful, fast cars, guests will enjoy music from Brian Skyler Sinatra Band. Plus the kids will love our planned children’s activities, magician, balloon artists and clowns! All proceeds from the event go directly to the Inspiration Corporation and Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago. www.italianvillage-chicago.com. For tickets, please call Jeanmarie or Gina at The Italian Village at (312) 332-7005.
Jewish National Fund (JNF) Tree of Life™ Award Dinner/Benefit: Sept 9, 5:30 p.m. cocktails, 6:30 p.m. program, Westin Chicago North Shore, 601 N. Milwaukee Avenue, Wheeling. Honors Major General (Res.) Doron Almog and the Children of Aleh Negev. Features Paul Reiser as Master of Ceremonies, a friend of Jewish National Fund and Aleh Negev; Paul is generously donating his time for the Tree of Life™ Award Dinner. Dietary law observed. Proceeds will benefit Aleh Negev, an organization that provides children with severe cognitive and physical disabilities throughout Israel with high-level medical and rehabilitative care. Tickets: $360; $180 young professionals. To register online, please see jnf.org/chicagotol. To RSVP, please contact (847) 656-8880 or [email protected] by August 24, 2012.
Misericordia Family Fest: 11 a.m.-6 p.m., Sept. 9, Misericordia’s campus, 6300 N. Ridge (corner of Ridge and Devon). Features live entertainment, food, drinks, auctions, raffles, games and more! Entertainment by WGN’s “Mr. Fix-It” Lou Manfredini will answer your questions in the North Tent; The Misericordia Heartbreakers and Heartzingers; The Jesse White Tumblers, the Shannon Rovers and more!!Tickets are $8 for adults, $5 for children and seniors. S&C Electric is generously providing free parking for fest-goers, which can be accessed off Devon Avenue, just east of Ridge. A bus to the fairgrounds will be available. Call (773) 273-2766 or see misericordia.com.
Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of Illinois 40th Anniversary: noon, Sept. 9, The Drury Lane Theatre, 100 Drury Lane, Oakabrook Terrace. A fun and exciting event celebrating the lives of those who fight this disease every day. Enjoy a lavish buffet voted one of the best brunches in the country, followed by raffles and a Second City performance guaranteed to be lively and entertaining. Raffle prizes will include restaurant gift cards, theme baskets and more! Tickets is $60 per person. Call 800-888-6208 or see myastheniagravis.org.
New Foundation Center 25th Anniversary Gala/Benefit: 5 p.m. Sept. 9, Highland Park Country Club, 1201 Park Avenue West, Highland Park. The event will feature silent auction, games, raffles and music. Tickets are $200 per person and include cocktails, dinner, entertainment and more. Sponsorships available. Like us on facebook and get $25 off the ticket price. For information contact Mary Gallagher, (847) 501-2879 or [email protected]. Order tickets online at wilpower.org/events.php.
Tamar Modin Hadassah Membership Event/Fundraiser: 2:30 p.m. Sept. 9, Bughouse Studio, 4845 W. Oakton, Skokie. An afternoon of creative artistry is planned.The Hadassah members will be able to make ceramic bowls or hamsas during the program. Cost is $12; women who became Hadassah Life Members for $212 may attend at no cost; women who join Tamar-Modin annual member for $36 receive a free gift. (847) 675-6790.
McGaw YMCA Golf Outing: 1 p.m. Sept. 10. Tee off at the Wilmette Golf Club to support Y youth programs. Cost will be announced. Visit mcgawymca.org/give/events/ for registration information and details or call (847) 475-7400.
Chaverot Hadassah Open Meeting: 6:30 p.m. Sept. 10, Grand Dominion Lodge, 3555 Grand Dominion Circle, Mundelein. A very special program “40 Countries By Myself-A Jewish Girl Travels the World” will be presented by Helene Turner, teacher, lecturer and writer. Cst is$6; reservations required. Program Chair is Dora Grinberg. Co-Presidents are Sharon Rosenthal and Vicki Siegel all of Mundelein, Hadassah North Shore office at (847) 205-1900, email [email protected] or see northshore.hadassah.org.
CJE SeniorLife’s Celebrate CJE: 5:30 p.m. Sept. 10. Celebrate CJE’s 40th anniversary during this fundraiser at the Sheraton Chicago. The event raises money for senior services provided by CJE. Tickets are $350; $3,500 for tables of 10. For information call Allyson Marks Greenfield at (773) 508-1130 or visit cje.net.
The Henrietta Szold Group of Hadassah North Shore Opening Meeting: 7:15 p.m. Sept. 11, at a member’s home in Arlington Heights. The evening program will be “Roots, and We Don’t Mean Hair!” Renowned Chicago area genealogist Mike Karsen will present an “Introduction to Jewish Genealogy “What is unique about Jewish genealogy, and what information do we need to get started finding our roots? A dinner of “Tapas and Tacos” will be served. A contribution of $5 is suggested. RSVP is required and taken by Programing Co-Chair Maxine Burns of Buffalo Grove and Risa Kleban of Lake Zurich. Group Co-Presidents are Vicki White of Buffalo Grove and Randy Heidenfelder of Lake Zurich. Hadassah North Shore office at (847) 205-1900, email [email protected] or see northshore.hadassah.org.
Chai Hadassah North Shore Chapter Membership Luncheon: 11:30 a.m. Sept. 12, Glen Club, 2901 Lake Ave., Glenview. Guest speaker will be Neil Steinberg, Sun Times columnist and author, focusing on the upcoming election and his life as a columnist. Tickets are $40 with proceeds going to Crohns Disease research at Hadassah Hospital. Program Chair is Haley Hacker of Northbrook. Reservation Chair is Lisa Zimnowodzki of Glencoe. Co-Presidents are June Gold of Buffalo Grove and Lana Lake of Northbrook. Hadassah North Shore office at (847) 205-1900, email [email protected] or see northshore.hadassah.org.
The Highland Park Associates of the Art Institute opening program: 9 a.m. Sept. 12, Birchwood Club, 1174 Park Ave. West, Highland Park. A lavish breakfast buffet will be served. Guest speakers are Julie Rotblatt Amrany and Omri Amrany, renowned sculptors. Commissioned works include sculptures of Michael Jordan, Scotty Pippen and Vince Lombardi. Tickets are $40; guests are welcome. RSVP by Sept. 6, Contact Janey Kaplan at (847) 432-1658 or Gail Marovitz at (847) 945-6659.
The Wilmette Group of Hadassah North Shore opening membership luncheon: 11:30 a.m. Sept. 12, Zhivago Restaurant, 9925 Gross Point Rd., Skokie. Guest speaker will be Hedy Weiss, theatre critic for the Sun-Times Newspaper. Tickets are $30 to benefit stem cell research at Hadassah Medical Organization. Hadassah North Shore office at (847) 205-1900, email [email protected] or see northshore.hadassah.org.
Chicago Beach Polo World Cup Play and Benefit for the 100 Club of Chicago: Sept. 15 and 16, times TBA, North Avenue Beach, Chicago. The two-day international polo tournament will host a players from not only Chicago but around the world. Men’s and women’s teams will compete; V.I.P. suites, social tents, pop-up shops, fashion shows and more. As tribute to the host city for the second year in a row, The Polo Life will contribute partial proceeds to benefit the 100 Club of Chicago, which provides support and assistance to the families of fallen police officers and firefighters in Cook County. V.I.P. passes are $250 each (two-day) and $150 each (one-day/Saturday or Sunday), which includes dining and bar. General admission is $25. North Avenue Beach. See chicagobeachpolo.com.
Operation Christmas Child Countdown: Sept. 15, 9:30-11 a.m., Immanuel Church, 2300 Dilleys Road, Gurnee. You and your guests are invited to join others throughout Chicagoland for a time to hear about the impact simple gift-filled shoe boxes have had on hurting children of the world. You will find yourself in the midst of many others who have a passion for reaching out to children by being involved in the largest Christmas project for children of its kind – Operation Christmas Child. We are counting down to National Collection Week, Nov. 12-19 (when completed shoe boxes will be dropped off to collection sites all over Chicagoland). Children must be accompanied by an adult. To RSVP or for questions, contact OCC Area Coordinator, Connie Pfeifer, (847) 362-1569 or [email protected]. Alternate date: Sept. 29, 9:30-11 a.m. South Park Church, 1330 South Courtland Avenue, Park Ridge, IL 60068. For more information on Operation Christmas Child, visitsamaritanspurse.org/occ
The Warming House Youth Center Car Wash Benefit: noon-4 p.m. Sept. 15 and 10-3 p.m. Sept. 16, Forrest Duxler Complete Auto Care, 1201 Green Bay Road, Wilmette. Suggested donation is $10. All proceeds will directly benefit Warming House Youth Center programs and services. Contact Cynthia Doucette of Wilmette at (847) 256-5288 for questions, tickets, etc. warminghouse.org.
Morton Grove Hadassah’s Annual Cancer Research Fundraiser is underway benefiting the on going research and development taking place at Moshe Sharett Institute of Oncology at Hadassah-University Hospital. This year’s mission is toward Lung Cancer Treatments. A new ground breaking vaccine has been developed at this Medical Center that activated the immune system by training T-cells to search and destroy the cells that contain the MUCI molecules that are found in cancer cells. Donations will be taken by Doris Kessler of Skokie. Fundraising Co-Chairs are Maribelle Wolfson and Shirley Merar of Northbrook. President is Mona Dubin of Northbrook. Executive Advisor is Sonja Gebel of Buffalo Grove. Donations are often given at the Yahrzeit (date of death) of a family member, so this also is a way to give help for the future in honoring your loved ones’ name. For more information contact Hadassah North Shore office at (847) 205-1900, email [email protected] or see northshore.hadassah.org.
Society for the Preservation of Human Dignity Bikers Against Bullies: 9 a.m. Sept. 16. This rally takes off from 614 Rawson Bridge Road, Port Barrington, in support of PHD’s Friendship Project, which is designed to educate adolescents to recognize the signs of bullying, develop good character and how to be a good friend. Cost will announced. Call Liz Noe at (847) 359-4967, ext. 19, e-mail [email protected] or visit sphd.org.
Men’s Club of Congregation Beth Judea of Long Grove Project Isiah: Sept. 17 and 18, IL Route 83 and Hilltop Road in Long Grove. Help start the New Year 5773 right by giving to those less fortunate, giving life to the Jewish traditions of ‘tzadakah’ (charity) and ‘Tikkun Olam’ (repairing the world). Beth Judea congregants will be asked to take home specially marked grocery bags on Rosh Hashanah and return them at Kol Nidre Services on Tuesday night, Sept. 25, filled with kosher food, paper goods and baby products. Everything collected will be donated to the ARK, a Chicago social service agency which provides comprehensive services for the homeless and the indigent. The entire community is invited to bring food and paper goods to the synagogue before Oct. 7. Please contact the Beth Judea office at 847/634-0777 if you wish to donate.
“Women fore Women” Golf/Luncheon/Benefit: Sept. 17, Makray Memorial Golf Club, 1010 S. NW Hwy in Barrington. Full day tickets for golf/luncheon are $150; luncheon only are $50. Golf registration and putting contest (guaranteed prize of GPS watch) begin at 8 a.m. with tee-off at 9 a.m. A 9-Hole friendly scramble, all abilities invited! All proceeds benefit Home of the Sparrow which provides emergency services to those women of the NW suburbs finding themselves in crisis. Call Judy 847-382-6572 for reservations.
Midwest Palliative & Hospice CareCenter 10th Memorial Golf Tournament: Sept. 18, The Glen Club, 2901 West Lake Avenue, Glenview. Hosted by Gary Binder and Jeff Vender. Registration and practice range open at 10:30 a.m. on the day of the event, followed by lunch and a brief clinic by PGA professionals. The tournament will commence with a shotgun start at 1 p.m. and will culminate at 6 p.m. with awards, cocktails, dinner and a silent auction. Cost to golf is $1000 per golfer, $1800 for a twosome, $3500 for a foursome; $100 dinner only. Space is limited. To request more details please contact Linda Rockwell at (847) 556-1778 or [email protected] orsee carecenter.org.
Aid for Women Annual Benefit Dinner: Sept. 19, Union League Club of Chicago, 65 W. Jackson B lvd., Chicago. 5:30 p.m. reception, dinner and program at 6:30 p.m. Business attire. Keynote speaker Francis Cardinal George. Raffle tickets $25 each/ 5 for $100. See helpaidforwomen.org or call Susan Barrett at (312) 701-0764.
“Beer, Blue Jeans and Ballet Slippers” Shopping/Benefit: 6-8 p.m. Sept. 19, cityblue apparel & denim, 1444 N. Wells St., Chidago. VIP shopping fall fete sponsored by Cheeky Chicago, complete with Peroni beer, light bites from Benchmark plus a swag bag for all attendees and 20 percent discount for all Cheeky Chicago cardholders. Ten percent of all proceeds from the evening will benefit the Joffrey Auxiliary Board. Space is limited. RSVP to [email protected]
First annual No Kid Hungry Dinne/Benefit: 6 p.m. cocktail receptoin; 7 p.m. dinner, Sept. 19, Everest, 440 S. LaSalle Street, Chicago. Hosted by Chef Joho with guest Chef Jacques Torres of Jacques Torres Chocolate in New York. Together the chefs will prepare a seated multi-course meal with a cause: ending childhood hunger in America. Guests will also have the opportunity to participate in auctions that include one-of-a-kind culinary, travel and lifestyle items, including dinner for two at Eiffel Tower Restaurant, dinner for six at Everest, a reception at Paris Club, and a hotel room stay at Hôtel du Palais Biarritz. Tickets: $500 per person with table hosting opportunities available starting at $5,000. Make reservations at (202) 478-6528 or see strength.org/nkh_chicago
Morton Grove Hadassah wants Welcoming Luncheon: 11:30 a.m. Sept. 19, Chateau Ritz, 9100 N. Milwaukee, Niles. Come meet your friends and enjoy this day while listening to the beautiful voice of Maureen Christine presenting “Blue Skies and Broadway.” Cost is $20. Reservations are required and taken by Beverly Silverman of Morton Grove. President is Mona Dubin of Northbrook. Hadassah North Shore office at (847) 205-1900, email [email protected] or see northshore.hadassah.org.
The Museum of Contemporary Art (MCA) Chicago Benefit/Preview: MCA Chicago announces the return of Vernissage, the opening-night benefit and preview of EXPO Chicago. Sept. 19, 4-9 p.m., Navy Pier’s Festival Hall, 600 East Grand Avenue, Chicago. This celebration offers an exclusive first look at artworks presented by more than 100 leading international and prestigious galleries, along with an evening of entertainment, food from Chicago Signature Services, and drinks. Tickets: A Benefactor ticket, $600, includes the Patron and Opening Night reception from 4-9 p.m. with option of 3 p.m. entry; one valet parking voucher; an Expo Chicago VIP pass; listing on invitation and event materials and one invitation to the MCA Dealer Breakfast on Sept. 21. A Patron ticket, $400, includes the Patron and Opening Night reception from 4-9 p.m.; one valet parking voucher and an Expo Chicago VIP pass. The Individual ticket, $100, includes the Opening Night reception from 7-9 p.m. Tickets can be purchased online at mcachicago.org/vernissage and through the MCA Box Office at (312) 397-4010. All proceeds from Vernissage benefit the Museum of Contemporary Art.
Sir Georg Solti Foundation annual Benefit: Sept. 19; 6:45 p.m. Four Seasons Hotel, 120E. Delaware Place, Chicago; 7:30 welcome and program, dinner following. Lady Solti invites you to celebrates the 100th birthday of Sir Georg Solti. Musical performances by the stars of the Lyric Opera of Chicago and members of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. Ticket are $300. Call (312) 266-8729 or Fiona at (847) 448-8329 or see soltifoundation.com.
Business & Professional Hadassah of the North Shore Chapter Opening Luncheon Meeting: noon Sept. 20, North Shore Hadassah office, 3000 Dundee #313, Northbrook. A special program will be presented by Bob Levi “Opera in Pop Culture and Jewish Influence in Opera.” A $20 donation for this music filled afternoon will benefit Hadassah Medical Organization. Reservations required. Reservation Chair is Rose Wolf of Highland Park. President is Gwen Packard of Highland Park. Hadassah North Shore office at (847) 205-1900, email [email protected] or see northshore.hadassah.org.
Flair Pop-Up Shop: 6-9 p.m. Sept. 20, VIP opening night cocktail reception, 900 N. Michigan Shops, Level 6, Chicago. Tickets are $50 and include hors d’oeuvres, fashion show and earely shopping. Flair shopping hours: 10 a.m.-7 p.m., Sept. 21 and Sept. 22; noon to 6 p.m. Sept. 23. One hundred percent of proceeds will benefit The Chicago Lighthouse for People Who are Blind or Visually Impaired. Currently accepting donations of fine designer wear until Sept. 1. Call (312) 997-3679 or see chicagolighthouse.org/flair.
Glencoe/Northbrook/Winnetka Hadassah Opening Membership Luncheon: 11:30 a.m. Sept. 20, Arboretum Club, 401 Half Day Rd., Buffalo Grove. The special program presented will remind you of a time long ago with “Timeless Laughter-Radio Days” featuring Jack Benny, Amos & Andy and other old favorites given by Marvin Dickman. Cost is $36. RSVP by Sept. 5. Also features a raffle, with proceeds to Hadassah Medical Organization stem cell research. Membership and Reservation Chairpersons are Fran Hakimian and Isabel Mussman of Northbrook. Program Chairperson is Arline Doblin of Winnetka. Co- Presidents are Leona Swirsky of Glencoe and Marcia Weiland of Northbrook.Hadassah North Shore office at (847) 205-1900, email [email protected] or see northshore.hadassah.org.
Miniature Golf outing/Benefit: Sept. 20: 6 p.m. registration; 7 p.m. shotgun start, 8 p.m. dinner and awards, Harry Semrow Forest Preserve Golf, 1150 E. Golf Road, Des Plaines. All proceeds benefit the Maryville Jen School. 18 holes of golf, appetizers, dinner, beverages and prizes. Awards for Men’s, Women’s and Foursome Low Score. Hole-in-One Contest to win a car (like the golf, it’s miniature). Use of your own putter is encouraged. Cost is $60 per golfer; $220 foursome. Online registration at maryvilleacademy.org, or call Nancy Woulfe at (847) 294-1982.
The National Hellenic Museum (NHM), together with Kouzina Chef Committee Chair John Boudouvas of Mia Figlia, announces their 5th Annual Kouzina Chef Line-Up and Fundraiser: 6-9 p.m. Sept. 20, National Hellenic Museum, 333 S. Halsted, Chicago (in the heart of Greektown). The following top chefs are winners of Michelin Stars, AAA Four Diamond Awards, and the Wine Spectator Awards of Excellence. This year’s featured chefs are: Louie Alexakis, Avli Estiatorio; George Alpogianis, City Porch; John Ayaleanos, Sheraton Chicago; Jerome Bacle, Courtright’s Restaurant; Andrew Bannos & Jimmy Bannos, Sr, Heaven on Seven; Jimmy Bannos, Jr, The Purple Pig; John Chiakulas, Foodease Market; Luca Corazzina, 312 Chicago; Jack Funderburg, Prasino; John Gatsos, Tavern on Rush; Frank Georgacopoulos, Meli Cafe; Athena Manolakos, Pan Hellenic Pastry Shop; Dan Pancake and Beth Partridge, Autre Monde Cafe; Massimo Salatino, Francesca’s Group; Carl Shelton, Boka Restaurant and Randy Waidner, Gibsons. Guests are invited to help support the Museum’s quality exhibits when they participate in their signature culinary celebration which includes: delectable Mediterranean and Greek bites, premium wine tastings, the opportunity to sample and shop at the Agora (Marketplace) and enjoy the special exhibit Exploring Greek History and Tradition through Food and Wine. Tickets are $100 advance; $125 at the door. nationalhellenicmuseum.org/kouzina or call (312) 655-1234.
Renaissance Chicago Downtown Hotel Hosts “Friday Night Lights With a Cause” Fundraiser: 5-8 p.m, Sept. 21, Renaissance Chicago Downtown Hotel, downtown Chicago at State and Wacker. Bring your appetite! Guests can enjoy three food statiaons with dishes that are literally hot off the grill and paired with a drink. Cost is $25. The evening will also include a silent auction. One hundred percent of the net proceeds from ticket sales and the silent auction will benefit the Children’s Miracle Network. Tickets can be purchased at Bar Novo or by contacting [email protected] .
TOQUE Benefit for Children’s Oncology Services, Inc. (COSI): 7 p.m. Sept. 21, Hilton Towers, International Ballroom, 720 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago. As tradition holds, Michael Kornick of MK The Restaurant, DMK Burger Bar, FISH BAR, Ada Street and N9NE Group, will once again serve as the event’s chef coordinator. Evening includes a cocktail reception and seated, multi-course degustation menu featuring signature dishes prepared exclusively by each chef, as well as expertly selected wines paired with the meal. The musical talents of Michael Lerich and His Orchestra will greet the crowd and be included for after dinner dancing. TOQUE will also include live and silent auctions giving once-in-a-lifetime experiences such as the ultimate bar package of a private mixology course sponsored by Tenzing Wine & Spirits to private golf lessons offered by PGA Tour Professional, Mark Wilson. TOQUE chefs for 2012, include: Graham Elliot (Graham Elliot Restaurant, TV’s Master Chef Judge), Randy Zweiban (Province), Heather Terhune (Sable Kitchen & Bar, Top Chef Season 9), Mark Steuer (The Bedford), Brian Huston (The Publican), Cleetus Friedman (City Provisions), Ryan Poli (Tavernita), Erick Williams (MK The Restaurant), Stephanie Mazzone (MK The Restaurant) Tony Galzin (MK Restaurant), Jason Hammel (Lula and Nightwood), Chris Pandel (the Bristol), Elissa Narow (Perennial Virant & Vie), Zoe Schor (Ada Street), Judy Contino (Bittersweet), and Dirk Flanigan (The Gage & Henri). Cost is $250. See charitytoque.org, or call (312) 924-4220 ext. 5
Catholic Charities “After Supper Visions” exhibition/benefit: 5-7 p.m. Sept. 22, Reform Pilates 2609 Broadway, Evanston. The exhibit features photographs taken by the guests who come to Catholic Charities Tuesday Night Suppers. This is an exhibit and sale of photographs taken by the dinner guests of the Catholic Charities Tuesday Night Supper Program. In addition to viewing the photographs at the exhibit, prints are available for purchase online at the new “After Supper Visions” aftersuppervisions.com. The cost per photograph is $100 plus shipping and handling, with the majority of the proceeds support the artists who participate each year. Sale proceeds benefit the dinner guests/photographers.
Chicago Botanic Garden 14th Annual Harvest Ball: 6 p.m., Sept. 22 on the grounds of the Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road Glencoe. Hosted by The Guild. Guests for the black-tie garden party will be greeted with Moët & Chandon champagne as they walk through the Heritage Garden to a cocktail reception and silent auction in Nichols Hall. A live auction held over dinner will feature domestic and international vacation packages, including a winter vacation to a private home in Montana; skybox tickets to a Chicago Bears game; New York Fashion Week in February, 2013; a trip to London and Paris; and a vacation package to Amangiri Resort in Utah and Enchantment Resort in Sedona, Arizona. Calihan Catering will prepare the hors d’oeuvres and dinner, Botanicals will design the decor and Gentleman of Leisure will play while guests dance the night away. Tickets begin at $550; table packages are available. Proceeds will benefit the Chicago Botanic Garden’s youth and teacher education programs. The Harvest Ball is co-chaired by Guild members Sally Brown Thilman of Chicago and Caroline Masterson of Lake Forest. Auction co-chairs are Megan Hoffman of Winnetka, Emily DeGroot of Chicago and Kendra Thornton of Winnetka. Call (847) 835-6830 or see chicagobotanic.org.
Eileen Fisher Sips and Sweets Benefit Supporting Women and Girls: Sept. 22. Ten percent of proceeds go to Girls on the Run Chicago, a local nonprofit that supports leadership in women and girls. $25 off event day purchases at Water Tower Location; Block 37 Shops, State Street; 640 Central Avenue, Highland Park. Call (847) 433-5440 for more information or see Facebook.
The Karen Dove Cabral Foundation’s 4th Annual Butterfly Ball Benefitting NorthShore University HealthSystem Kellogg Cancer Center: 6 p.m. Sept. 22, Evanston Golf Club, 4401 Dempster St., Skokie. Christian Farr, reporter and anchorman of NBC5 Chicago, will serve as the host of the event, which features a cocktail hour with hors d’oeuvres, dinner, and dancing, auction and raffle items. Leslie Mendoza Temple, MD, Medical Director of the NorthShore University HealthSystem (NorthShore) Integrative Medicine Program will be honored. All proceeds will benefit NorthShore Kellogg Cancer Center. Funds raised by the Butterfly Ball will allow NorthShore Kellogg Cancer Center to provide much needed support to young mothers with breast cancer by helping fund non-covered medical expenses, childcare fees, transportation and lodging while undergoing treatment. Tickets: $75. NorthShore University HealthSystem. 224-364-7214.
Les Turner ALS Foundation 11th Annual ALS Walk4Life: 9:30 a.m., Sept. 22, Soldier Field, Chicago. Registration is free, but participants are encouraged to raise funds for the Les Turner ALS Foundation. A minimum donation of $100 will earn walkers an ALS Walk4Life T-shirt. Proceeds will be used to support medical research; the Les Turner/Lois Insolia ALS Center; patient services such as support group meetings and respite grants and educational programs. (847) 679-3311, [email protected], ALSWalk4Life.org.
15th annual Paul Fabbri Memorial Golf Outing: Sept. 22, Chevy Chase Country Club, 1000 N. Milwaukee, Wheeling. Registration begins at 12 noon, with lunch available at 12:30 p.m., and a “shotgun” start will begin at 1:30 p.m. Immediately following the round, a cocktail hour will begin at 6:30, followed by dinner, a raffle drawing and program at 7:15 p.m. Golf packages are $125 and include golf, lunch and dinner; $35 for dinner only. Proceeds raised will benefit the American Brain Tumor Association (ABTA) in memory of Paul Fabbri. For more information regarding sponsorship, donations, sweepstakes, tickets and golf packages, please contact Bob at bobby.kruchten@ yahoo.com. For complete details and to purchase tickets, please see paulfabbri.com or see Facebook.
Haven Youth and Family Services Wendella Boat Party/Benefit: 7 p.m. Sept. 22, 400 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago. Third annual three-hour cruise cruise will include dinner, drinks, and a raffle for a $1,000 Apple Store gift card. Tickets are $125. An optional bus will be available to pick up and drop off guests from Haven in Wilmette for an additional $30. All proceeds will benefit Haven’s outreach, counseling, and crisis intervention programs for youth. To purchase event or raffle tickets, visit havenforyouth.org or contact Amy O’Leary at (847) 251-6630.
Chaverot Hadassah of the North Shore Chapter fundraiser: 11 a.m.-4 p.m. Sept. 23, Priceless Boutique, corner of Rte 45 and Milwaukee in Vernon Hills. Bring your family and friends to shop and enjoy some treats while giving Hadassah twenty percent of all your new treasures. Proceeds will benefit the Mother and Child center at Hadassah Hospital. Program Chair is Dora Grinberg. Co-Presidents are Sharon Rosenthal and Vicki Siegel of Mundelein. Hadassah North Shore office at (847) 205-1900, email [email protected] or see northshore.hadassah.org.
Hike for Lung Health: 10 a.m. Sept. 23, Lincoln Park, Chicago. Spend a day in the park with your family and friends to raise awareness for lung disease with a one or three mile walk and family fun fair. Hosted by Respiratory Health Association of Metropolitan Chicago, the walk benefits lung health charities to support lung health research, advocacy and education for people with lung cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis and other lung diseases. Cost is $10 per walker, covers costof T-shirt and goodie bag. Register now athikeforlunghealth.com or call Gina Schwieger at (312) 628-0210.
North Shore Senior Center’s Annual Benefit for the House of Welcome: 5 p.m., Sept. 23. North Shore Senior Center, Arthur C. Nielsen Jr. Campus, 161 Northfield Road, Northfield. The evening includes cocktails, dinner, silent auction and Grand Raffle drawings, plus live entertainment by Beckie Menzie and Tom Michael. Benefit proceeds supplement sliding scale fees for all participants at the House of Welcome, which provides for individuals and families coping with Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of memory loss. Tickets: $200 per person; grand raffle tickets are $25 each/6 for $100. Call (847) 784-6050 or visit nssc.org.
Goodman Theatre Opening Night Benefit: Sept. 24, The Standard Club, 320 S. Plymouth Court and Goodman Theatre, 170 N. Dearborn St., both Chicago. 5 p.m. cocktails/dinner; 8 p.m. performance of Sweet Bird of Youth by Tennessee Willliams. Honorees are Sandra P. Guthman, President of the Polk Bros. Foundation and Nikki Will Stein, Executive Director of the Polk Bros. Foundation. Vicki V. Hood and Carol Prins the Season Opening Benefit Co-Chairs. Tickets start at $500. Call (312) 443-3811, ext. 586 or see GoodmanTheatre.org.
Benjamin Marshall Society Centennial Tribute to Iconic Marshall Buildings/Benefit: 5:30 p.m. cocktails, Sept. 27, The Casino. 195 E. Delaware Place, Chiago. A benefit dinner in celebration of the 100-year anniversary of two of Marshall’s most iconic Beaux Arts apartment buildings, 1200 North Lake Shore Drive and 1550 North State Parkway. Co-chaired by Kathy Cook and Brian D. White, the goal of the evening is to raise funds through the sale of limited edition medallions, to complete an exciting project on this prodigious architect, urban planner, fashion-setter and bon-vivant. Philanthropist and preservationist, Richard H. Driehaus will be the Keynote Speaker. Guests include Benjamin Marshall enthusiasts and residents of both buildings, as well residents from Marshall’s visionary East Lake Shore Drive and the Edgewater Beach Apartments. Marshall’s granddaughters, Ginny Hardy of Barrington and Dorothy Ehrhard, of Vero Beach, Florida as well as his great grandsons, Matthew Ehrhard and Louis Ehrhard are expected to attend. Other guests include Her Royal and Imperial Highness, Princess Maria-Anna of Habsburg, Archduchess of Austria and His Royal and Serene Highness, Prince Piotr Galitzine of Russia. Bill Daley and his wife Jane Melk will also add to the festivities. Music by the Stu Hirsh Trio. Tickets: $250. Call Bill McCluskey at (312) 932-4305 or email [email protected].
Winnetka Board Northwestern University Settlement “Style Under the Stars” 86th Fashion Show and Fundraiser: Sept. 27, Grand Balloom, Michigan Shores Club, 911 Michigan Ave., Wilmette. 6:30 p.m.: pre-event wine reception, which includes dazzling Table Scapes by Chalet Nursery, Dinner at Eight, Material Possesisions, Maze, Peachtree Place, Samlesbury Hall and Sawbridge Studios along with cocktails and hors d’oeuvres, a silent auction, and raffle. The Winnetka Board of the NUSH is partnering with various north shore boutiques and specialty shops such as Chalk, Country Classics, Elite Designs, Frances Heffernan and Frannie, Fresh Ideas, Gavin Boutiques, Kaeler Luggage, The Lake Forest Shop, Lillie Alexander, Mattie M, McElroy Furs, Runners’s Edge, S’Agaro and Three Sisters featuring designer clothes, shoes, jewelry, furs and handbags on a New York-style runway. Co-chairs Mary Lois Hakewill and Diane Welnhofer of Wilmette. Tickets are $95 each; raffle tickets are $50 each. See nush.org/style or call (773) 278-7471.
The Cradle Ball and Benefit: 6 to 11 p.m., Sept. 28, The Ritz-Carlton, Chicago. Event features cocktails, dinner, live music, dancing, auctions and more. Black-tie attire. Janie Lee Curtis is celebrity guest; Honorary chairman Frederick H. Waddell. Tickets: $350. Contact Bonnie Krasny, (847) 733-3234 or see cradle.org.
Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute (NBTI) Benefit Dinner: 6 p.m. Sept. 28, Radisson Blu Aqua Hotel, 221 N. Columbus Drive, Chicago. Actress, comedienne and television producer Bonnie Hunt will be honored at the event for her longtime support of NBTI and commitment to raising brain tumor awareness. Emcee is Kathy Brock, anchor for ABC-7 Chicago News, and musical entertainment will be provided by Gentlemen of Leisure. Guests will have the opportunity to bid during a live auction that features items including vacation packages to Mexico and California, a golf and vacation package to Los Angeles, suite packages to a White Sox or Cubs game, and a party catered by celebrity chef Missy Robbins, executive chef at New York’s A Voce. Tickets may also be purchased for the “Best of Live” raffle, which provides the opportunity to win select auction items without being the highest bidder.Tickets: $300. Proceeds will benefit research and programs at NBTI, a nationally recognized leader in the fight against brain and spinal cord tumors. The institute, a collaboration between Northwestern Memorial Hospital, the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, is dedicated to accelerating efforts to advance research breakthroughs and to improve treatment, outcomes, and quality of life for patients with brain and spinal tumors. (312) 503-0764, braintumorinstitute.org.
The Ragdale Foundation “A Novel Affair 2012”: Sept. 28 and Sept. 29. Two-evening benefit offers guests a unique opportunity to mingle and engage in conversation with outstanding authors from around the country. Weekend begins with a cocktail reception and buffet dinner with 9 authors on Sept. 28 and finishes with an intimate dinner and conversation with one of the authors at a Chicago or North Shore home. Tickets: Friday only: $200; Friday and Saturday, $500. See ragdale.org or call (847) 234-1063.
9th Annual Chicago Canine Rescue (CCR) Mutt Strut!: Sept. 29, shine only, rain date is Oct. 28, Lakeview along Newport Avenue (between Southport and Lakewood). 11 a.m. registration; noon-2 p.m. walk and block party. Dog lovers and their four-legged friends are invited for a 1.5 mile walk with their “mutt,” followed by a block party with food, entertainment and more! On a somber note, Chicago Canine Rescue is dedicating the walk to Doc, a pup who came to the non-profit to find a new life full of happiness, fun and kindness, but instead was killed by his adopter in a tragedy that recently made headlines. Please show your support for all dogs at this year’s Mutt Strut as we walk to end violence against animals in Doc’s memory. Proceeds from the event will benefit Chicago Canine Rescue (CCR). This event is open to all ages. (kids and dogs are FREE). All participants are encouraged to grab some snacks from the Whole Foods booth, enjoy music, children’s activities, contests, raffles and visit with adoptable CCR dogs. New this year will be a fun Doggy Olympics agility course sponsored by The Company of Animals. Plus, check out special deals on both pet and human merchandise at neighborhood shops! Proud CCR supporter, Kye Martin of NBC5, will be the celebrity emcee of the event. Kye and her husband adopted Bo, a 90 lb. Shepherd Mix after meeting him at Mutt Strut 2012. Cost is $25, kids and dogs are free, register in advance at chicagocaninerescue.com. For more information, please visitchicagocaninerescue.org. You can also reach CCR representative Candace Canty at [email protected] or (312) 371-7827.
Inaugural Barbara J. Timmer Memorial Walk: 12:30 p.m. Sept. 29, Park Ridge Country Club, 636 North Prospect Ave., Park Ridge. Register at barbarajtimmerfamilyfoundation.org. Proceeds from the event benefit the Leukemia Research Foundation (LRF), through its new Barbara J. Timmer Memorial Chapter. Participants will gather for a walk throughout Park Ridge, Barbara’s hometown for more than 35 years. Registration is $50 for adults – free for children under 18 - and includes a T-shirt and 2:30 p.m. lunch.
The Dance COLEctive (TDC) Fundraiser and fashion designer Lara Miller Trunk Show/Benefit: 6-9 p.m., Sept. 29, Starbright Dance Academy, 1511 W. Barry Ave. Chicago. Guests who bring a piece of new or gently used business casual clothing to donate to Dress for Success, a nonprofit organization that provides interview suits, confidence boosts and career development to low-income women, receive a free gift. Suggested donation is $20. A percentage of the evening’s sales will benefit The Dance COLEctive and Dress for Success. RSVP at tdclaramillertrunkshow-es2.eventbrite.com/?rank=1. dancecolective.com or call (773) 604-8452.
Josselyn Center’s Fall Benefit: Sept. 29, The Arts Club of Chicago, 201 E. Ontario St., Chicago. 6 p.m. cocktails; 7 p.m. entertainment; 8 p.m. dinner. Musical performance by The Three Divas, Susie McMonagle, Lara Filip and Christine Sherrill; special appearance by Felicia P. Fields. Cocktails attire. Tickets: $250 individual; Sponsor $650 (2 tickets); additional sponsorships available. Reservations by Sept. 21. All proceeds benefit The Josselyn Center which provides a full range of comprehensive clinical services. Call (847) 441-5600 or see josselyn.org.
Midwest Hospice & Palliative CareCenter Benefit: 7:30 p.m. Sept. 29, “I’ll Be Seeing You: Michael Feinstein Sings for Hospice, with Jeff Lindberg’s Chicago Jazz Orchestra, to honor the Great American Songbook. Tickets are $185 per person (includes auditorium-level concert seating followed by a private reception with Michael Feinstein, cocktails and hors d’oeuvres provided by Blue Plate, have your photo taken with Michael at the reception); $100 reception only. RSVP by Sept. 21 to Linda Rockwell, (847) 556-1778 or [email protected]. Register online at carecenter.org (See September calendar). Proceeds will help complete the Midwest CareCenter Keeping Our Promise campaign which culminates this fall with the opening of the first and only free-standing hospice specialty care center in Cook County.
“Nosh for Nurture” 4th annual celebration Benefit: 7-10 p.m. Sept. 19, 340 Birch St., Winnetka. Event featurs food, drinks cooking demos, local chefs, free e-book of slow cooker recipes and more. $50. nurtureyourfamily.org.
North Shore Senior Center’s Wellness Resource Expo: 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Sept. 29. Learn about staying fit at the Arthur C. Nielsen Jr. Campus, 161 Northfield Road, Northfield. Kenote presenters will be Jerry & Estella Hayes of ‘Biggest Loser’ reality show fame. Proceeds benefit NSSC. Call (847) 784-6000 or visit nssc.org.
Operation Christmas Child Countdown: Sept. 29, 9:30-11 a.m. South Park Church, 1330 South Courtland Avenue, Park Ridge. You and your guests are invited to join others throughout Chicagoland for a time to hear about the impact simple gift-filled shoe boxes have had on hurting children of the world. You will find yourself in the midst of many others who have a passion for reaching out to children by being involved in the largest Christmas project for children of its kind – Operation Christmas Child. We are counting down to National Collection Week, Nov. 12-19 (when completed shoe boxes will be dropped off to collection sites all over Chicagoland). Children must be accompanied by an adult. To RSVP or for questions, contact OCC Area Coordinator, Connie Pfeifer, (847) 362-1569 or [email protected]. or, IL 60068. For more information on Operation Christmas Child, visitsamaritanspurse.org/occ
Rock the Block for Pediatric Epilepsy and CURE Benefit: 7 p.m. Sept. 29, at a private club in Chicago. Rock the Block for Pediatric Epilepsy research was started in 2008 by two mothers of children with epilepsy who both live on the same block in Wilmette, Illinois (a northern suburb of Chicago). In addition to raising much-needed research dollars, this event began to connect families affected by this devastating disease. Cost is $167 per person. rocktheblockforcure.com, no phone number available.
Youth & Family Counseling “Good as Gold” 50th anniversary gala/benefit: 6:30 p.m. Sept. 29, Ivanhoe Club, Ivanhoe, Illinois. Event features cocktails, dinner, DJ and dancing, live and silent auctions. Cocktail attire. Tickets: $150. Call 847-367-5991 ex. 30 or see yfc-libertyville.com
Bear Necessities’ 18th Annual 5K Run/Walk and 10K Run: Sept. 30, Eastview Elementary, Algonquin. 6:30-7:30 p.m. check-in and registration; 8 a.m. 5K and 10K races start. Fee: $30 before 9/28, $25 children 11 and under. First 500 registrants receive T-shirts and race bags. bearnecessities.org.
Have a philanthropic cause or event?
Send a notice to Trend’s Editorial Assistant, Deborah Hoppe at [email protected]. She can send you guidelines to follow for submitting information for inclusion in the online Save the Date calendar. At this point, we are not running the Save the Date column in print; however, the situation may change in the future.
Since there are more events on the social calendar than we can possibly attend to cover, Debbie can provide you with guidelines for post-event coverage. Event chairwomen need to provide a post-event press release and high-resolution photographs (with full names and hometowns) of guests. Please include your photographer’s name so we can give proper credit. We no longer assign photographers to events we don’t cover. Many guests have cameras on their cell phones, and we’re happy to accept those images.
If you have any other questions, please contact Debbie at her e-mail or (847) 486-6856.
Jenny Thomas, Features Managing Editor | {
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Gems, Diamonds, Crystal, Gold, Silver and all other valuable metals are made beneath the great weight of mother earth over millions of years. Though there are some that differ from this, like pearls which are forged in shells. This made me think, in what other ways(fantasy ways mind you), could precious metals be made?
There is a certain kind of trees named Silver Fir’s in the common tounge. Of old they are called Shelegran`s. These trees can grow to be up to a 100 meters long and have thick trunks. The wood is black and hard as stone. The needles are of a slight silver color(as the name suggests). No one has yet seen the natural death of a Silver Fir, at least there are no records of it, but the oldest one recorded is six thousands years(roughly). When these trees are at a young stage in their life, different objects can be melded into their trunks as they grow. Over thousands of years being polished and gnawed upon under a tremendous amount of pressure by this hard rock like wood, they are slowly forged into gems.
These gems are of a deep brown color with a hint of a slight glow from within. Their size may wary but none has been seen one bigger than a hand. Usually they are the size of a thumb. They are perfectly round and smooth.
They are so rare, as are the trees that many consider them only a legend or mythic. It is said that the tree slowly work the stones out of the trunks, this also helps in the process of their making, constantly being moved slightly out of the tree. When they have made their long yourney towards the light(lasting three thousand years or so), they fall from the tree like ripe fruit.
Though other say that there is a tool made of old to cut the wood of the Silver Fir. But the secret of these tools are lost and new gems will never appear. The Thar Stones are are subject to many stories and theories like these. But nontheless, there are people that claim to own them. Some even suggests the idea of a secret underground marked that trade in these stones and sell them to rich collector. If you are ever offered to buy one of a simple merchant on the street it is guaranteed to be a fake.
There are also many stories concerning the different magical properties of this gem, great powers, strenght and so forth. But none of these are true, it is true however that the owner of one is slightly more lucky than what normal folks are.
Said to hold the power of true luck. | {
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