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q3602_5

This man patented a smokeless propellant known as ballistite. Another of his inventions consisted of diatomaceous earth. He developed a substance containing nitrocellulose, saltpeter, wood pulp, and an explosive. Used in blasting gelatin, that explosive was also used in an earlier invention. Dynamite was created by, for 10 points, what scientist whose namesake prizes are given out by the Swedish Academy of Sciences?

q3602

This man patented a smokeless propellant known as ballistite. Another of his inventions consisted of diatomaceous earth. He developed a substance containing nitrocellulose, saltpeter, wood pulp, and an explosive. Used in blasting gelatin, that explosive was also used in an earlier invention. Dynamite was created by, for 10 points, what scientist whose namesake prizes are given out by the Swedish Academy of Sciences?

Alfred Nobel

q1734_1

In this novel, a dead parachutist is discovered by the strange introverted character Simon.

q1734

In this novel, a dead parachutist is discovered by the strange introverted character Simon. Sam and Eric are the last followers of one character in this novel. Late in this novel, Roger uses a boulder to kill the overweight intellectual named Piggy. The violent Jack Merridew feuds with the civilized Ralph in, for 10 points, what English novel written by William Golding?

Lord of the Flies

q327_1

For boasting of an affair with this goddess, Anchises was struck lame by Zeus.

q327

For boasting of an affair with this goddess, Anchises was struck lame by Zeus. She and Persephone were forced to each spend a third of the year with Adonis. This goddess arrived on the island of Cythera after being born from (*) sea foam, and she was trapped under a golden net with her lover Ares while she was married to Hephaestus. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess of love and beauty.

Aphrodite [accept Venus until \"Hephaestus\" is mentioned]

q630_2

In 2012 an unknown disk-shaped object was found on the floor of this sea. Arms of this sea include the Gulf of Riga and Gulf of Bothnia.

q630

In 2012 an unknown disk-shaped object was found on the floor of this sea. Arms of this sea include the Gulf of Riga and Gulf of Bothnia. The Kiel (KEEL) Canal bypasses Kattegat (KAH-teh-gaht) Bay and Skagerrak (SKAH-geh-rahk) Strait to connect this sea to the North Sea. Germany and Poland are on its southern shore. For 10 points, name this sea bordered by Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, its namesake "States," as well as Finland and Sweden.

Baltic Sea

q3310_2

This artist referenced his sister's tuberculosis in his The Sick Child, part of a series called The Frieze of Life. His best-known painting, which is set on a bridge, has a red sky potentially inspired by the volcanic eruption of Krakatoa; the main figure of that painting is shown with his (*) mouth ajar as he puts his hands to his face.

q3310

This artist referenced his sister's tuberculosis in his The Sick Child, part of a series called The Frieze of Life. His best-known painting, which is set on a bridge, has a red sky potentially inspired by the volcanic eruption of Krakatoa; the main figure of that painting is shown with his (*) mouth ajar as he puts his hands to his face. For 10 points, name this Norwegian painter of The Scream.

Edvard {Munch} [MOONK]

q1531_1

Several "pancake domes" mark the surface of this body, whose other features include the Gula Mons and Sif Mons mountains.

q1531

Several "pancake domes" mark the surface of this body, whose other features include the Gula Mons and Sif Mons mountains. The spacecraft Vega 1 and 2 landed on this body. Due to a runaway greenhouse effect, the average surface temperature on this body is over seven hundred degrees Kelvin. For 10 points, name this home of Ishtar Terra, the most similar planet to Earth.

Venus

q634_4

This mountain range is home to the threatened spectacled bear, and large silver mines were found near this range's city of Potosí. The farthest point on the surface from Earth's center is this range's Chimborazo. Its highest peak is (*) Aconcagua, and it is home to Lake Titicaca. Cities in this mountain range include Sucre, La Paz, and Quito.

q634

This mountain range is home to the threatened spectacled bear, and large silver mines were found near this range's city of Potosí. The farthest point on the surface from Earth's center is this range's Chimborazo. Its highest peak is (*) Aconcagua, and it is home to Lake Titicaca. Cities in this mountain range include Sucre, La Paz, and Quito. For 10 points, name this mountain range along the Western coast of South America.

the {Andes}

q5215_4

These phenomena are counted using the Wolf number, and butterfly diagrams show the concentration of these regions in latitude bands. Coronal loops and mass ejections generally originate from these regions. Though they are not eclipses, they possess an umbra and penumbra. These electromagnetic phenomena go through a variation cycle of about (*) 11 years.

q5215

These phenomena are counted using the Wolf number, and butterfly diagrams show the concentration of these regions in latitude bands. Coronal loops and mass ejections generally originate from these regions. Though they are not eclipses, they possess an umbra and penumbra. These electromagnetic phenomena go through a variation cycle of about (*) 11 years. For 10 points, name these cooler areas on the Sun's photosphere that appear dark.

{sunspots}

q2584_4

In 1994, thieves that stole this painting left a note reading “Thanks for the poor security.” This painting may be a self-portrait depicting an attack of agoraphobia (“uh-GORE-uh-FOE-bee-uh”). Blue land reflects a bright orange sky in this work. For 10 points, name this Edvard Munch (“MOONK”) painting of a distorted figure holding his hands to his head and making the title loud, distressed noise.

q2584

In 1994, thieves that stole this painting left a note reading “Thanks for the poor security.” This painting may be a self-portrait depicting an attack of agoraphobia (“uh-GORE-uh-FOE-bee-uh”). Blue land reflects a bright orange sky in this work. For 10 points, name this Edvard Munch (“MOONK”) painting of a distorted figure holding his hands to his head and making the title loud, distressed noise.

The {Scream} [or {Skrik}; accept The {Cry}]

q1730_1

This company's chief operating officer, who addressed issues facing working women in her book Lean In, is Sheryl Sandberg.

q1730

This company's chief operating officer, who addressed issues facing working women in her book Lean In, is Sheryl Sandberg. While some people blamed its loss in value last year on Morgan Stanley, others blamed its CFO David Ebersman, who offered a lot of (*) shares at a high price during its May 2012 initial public offering. For 10 points, identify this social media company, founded by Mark Zuckerberg, where users can share status updates with friends.

Facebook

q283_2

The last wild herd of bison in the United States was located in this park, where today they are hunted by grizzly bears and wolves reintroduced in the 1990s. This site that became America's first national park in 1872 is located north of the Grand Teton Range.

q283

The last wild herd of bison in the United States was located in this park, where today they are hunted by grizzly bears and wolves reintroduced in the 1990s. This site that became America's first national park in 1872 is located north of the Grand Teton Range. Geothermal features like the Old Faithful geyser are found in, for 10 points, what national park of northwestern Wyoming?

Yellowstone National Park

q57_4

In this city, Wissahickon Creek goes through Fairmount Park. This city can be entered by crossing the Delaware River on the Betsy Ross Bridge. One of its buildings, where the Second Continental Congress adopted the (*) Declaration of Independence, is Independence Hall. The Liberty Bell is found in, for 10 points, what city in Pennsylvania?

q57

In this city, Wissahickon Creek goes through Fairmount Park. This city can be entered by crossing the Delaware River on the Betsy Ross Bridge. One of its buildings, where the Second Continental Congress adopted the (*) Declaration of Independence, is Independence Hall. The Liberty Bell is found in, for 10 points, what city in Pennsylvania?

{Philadelphia,} Pennsylvania

q611_4

The extinction of this island's palm trees is discussed in Jared Diamond's book Collapse. Residents of this island created the rongorongo writing system and carried out rituals in the birdman cult. Platforms known as ahus on this island contain features made of volcanic tuff called (*) moai. For 10 points, giant stone statues are found on what Pacific island named for a Christian holiday?

q611

The extinction of this island's palm trees is discussed in Jared Diamond's book Collapse. Residents of this island created the rongorongo writing system and carried out rituals in the birdman cult. Platforms known as ahus on this island contain features made of volcanic tuff called (*) moai. For 10 points, giant stone statues are found on what Pacific island named for a Christian holiday?

{Easter} Island [or {Rapa Nui}]

q1635_2

In standard units, this force's namesake constant equals 6.67 times ten to the negative eleventh power. This force's magnitude is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two objects.

q1635

In standard units, this force's namesake constant equals 6.67 times ten to the negative eleventh power. This force's magnitude is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two objects. On earth it causes objects to accelerate at 9.81 meters per second squared. It acts more strongly on objects of greater mass. For 10 points, name this fundamental force that causes objects to fall to the ground.

{gravity} [or (universal) {gravitation} and other word forms]

q1497_2

The protagonist of this novel suffers a head wound when asking for news from a retreating column. His friend Wilson cares for that head wound after his return to camp, a kindness the protagonist had not shown for the "Tattered Man" and Jim Conklin after they earned the titular mark.

q1497

The protagonist of this novel suffers a head wound when asking for news from a retreating column. His friend Wilson cares for that head wound after his return to camp, a kindness the protagonist had not shown for the "Tattered Man" and Jim Conklin after they earned the titular mark. For 10 points, identify this novel that follows Henry Fleming as he participates in the Civil War, a work by Stephen Crane.

The Red Badge of Courage

q436_2

This team won the NFL championship in 1957, but is the only NFC team to never play in a Super Bowl since the start of the Super Bowl era. Former stars for this team are Doak Walker, Billy Sims, and Barry Sanders.

q436

This team won the NFL championship in 1957, but is the only NFC team to never play in a Super Bowl since the start of the Super Bowl era. Former stars for this team are Doak Walker, Billy Sims, and Barry Sanders. Its current quarterback is Matt Stafford. In 2008 it became the first team to lose all sixteen regular season games. For 10 points, name this team that plays in the NFC North with the Packers, Vikings, and Bears.

Detroit {Lions} [or Detroit Lions]

q3696_1

In one quest, this figure is directed to the ferryman Urshanabi (UR-shah-NAH-bee) by Siduri.

q3696

In one quest, this figure is directed to the ferryman Urshanabi (UR-shah-NAH-bee) by Siduri. After his companion dies, this figure visits Utnapishtim (OOT-nah-PEESH-tim), who tells him where to find a plant capable of restoring youth. That plant is later stolen by a serpent. This figure slew the guardian of the cedar forest, Humbaba, and the Bull of Heaven, with Enkidu. For 10 points, name this king of Uruk and hero of a Mesopotamian epic.

Gilgamesh

q4838_3

Other than James and John, this is the only man to witness the Transfiguration of Jesus. He cut off the guard Malchus's ear during a showdown in the Garden of Gethsemane. His symbol is a pair of crossed (*) keys, and this man is said to have been crucified upside down.

q4838

Other than James and John, this is the only man to witness the Transfiguration of Jesus. He cut off the guard Malchus's ear during a showdown in the Garden of Gethsemane. His symbol is a pair of crossed (*) keys, and this man is said to have been crucified upside down. For 10 points, name this apostle of Jesus and brother of Andrew, who denied Jesus three times and was the first pope.

{Simon Peter} [accept {Saint Peter} the Apostle; do not accept just Simon]

q864_2

In April 2011 this country announced it was "for rent," eight years after its Head of State, Hans Adam II, joked about selling it to Bill Gates and renaming it Microsoft. This nation and Uzbekistan are the only double-landlocked countries in the world, and it is the wealthiest per capita German-speaking country.

q864

In April 2011 this country announced it was "for rent," eight years after its Head of State, Hans Adam II, joked about selling it to Bill Gates and renaming it Microsoft. This nation and Uzbekistan are the only double-landlocked countries in the world, and it is the wealthiest per capita German-speaking country. For 10 points, name this principality between Switzerland and Austria with capital Vaduz (vah-DOOZ).

Principality of {Liechtenstein} [or {Fuerstentum Liechtenstein}]

q1461_1

When James Madison revised this, it called for 7-year terms of office for Senators and 3-years terms for House members.

q1461

When James Madison revised this, it called for 7-year terms of office for Senators and 3-years terms for House members. Proposed by Edmund Randolph as 15 resolutions, more notable aspects of this plan included three branches of government and representation determined by population for both Houses. (*) For 10 points, identify this plan of government, named for the home state of Madison and Randolph, as well as Thomas Jefferson.

Virginia Plan

q2899_2

Antenaresis, or Euclid's method, can be used to find this value given any two numbers. It can be also be found by multiplying two numbers and dividing by their least common multiple.

q2899

Antenaresis, or Euclid's method, can be used to find this value given any two numbers. It can be also be found by multiplying two numbers and dividing by their least common multiple. For numbers which are relatively prime, this value is one. For 10 points, give the mathematical name for the largest number by which two or more numbers are evenly divisible.

{greatest common factor} [or {GCF;} or {highest common factor;} or {greatest common divisor;} or {highest common divisor;} do not accept "least common denominator"]

q389_3

The Euler (“OIL-er”) line passes through the orthocenter (“OR-tho-SEN-ter”), circumcenter, and centroid (“SEN-troyd”) in this figure. The area of this polygon can be found by halving the product of two sides and the sine of the angle opposite of the third side or by simply using Heron's formula. It is the only polygon that cannot be concave, because its angles must add to 180 degrees.

q389

The Euler (“OIL-er”) line passes through the orthocenter (“OR-tho-SEN-ter”), circumcenter, and centroid (“SEN-troyd”) in this figure. The area of this polygon can be found by halving the product of two sides and the sine of the angle opposite of the third side or by simply using Heron's formula. It is the only polygon that cannot be concave, because its angles must add to 180 degrees. For 10 points, name this polygon with three sides.

{triangle}

q833_2

This man designed railway stations in Santiago, Chile and Budapest, Hungary. He was jailed after being implicated in a failed Panama Canal project, for which he designed the locks.

q833

This man designed railway stations in Santiago, Chile and Budapest, Hungary. He was jailed after being implicated in a failed Panama Canal project, for which he designed the locks. He designed the steel framework for the Statue of Liberty and a thousand-foot-tall structure for the 1889 World's Fair. For 10 points, name this architect and engineer who built a namesake Parisian tower.

(Alexandre) Gustave {Eiffel}

q1433_3

One mission in this program docked with the spacecraft used by Soyuz (soy-"OOZE") 19. The numerically first mission in this program was retroactively named after a fire burst out during a test run. Harrison Schmitt, a geologist, was part of its last mission, number 17.

q1433

One mission in this program docked with the spacecraft used by Soyuz (soy-"OOZE") 19. The numerically first mission in this program was retroactively named after a fire burst out during a test run. Harrison Schmitt, a geologist, was part of its last mission, number 17. One mission in this program spawned the line, "Houston, we've had a problem." For 10 points, name this NASA program whose mission 11 saw man first walk on the moon.

{Apollo} Program [accept {Apollo Extension Series} or {Apollo Applications Program} before "first"]

q3477_3

This planet's 700 kilometer-wide impact crater Rembrandt was discovered by the MESSENGER spacecraft orbiting it. Like the Moon, part of its surface is known as Weird Terrain; that part is opposite its largest crater, the Caloris Basin. It is the (*) smallest planet in our solar system, and this planet and Venus are the only two without moons.

q3477

This planet's 700 kilometer-wide impact crater Rembrandt was discovered by the MESSENGER spacecraft orbiting it. Like the Moon, part of its surface is known as Weird Terrain; that part is opposite its largest crater, the Caloris Basin. It is the (*) smallest planet in our solar system, and this planet and Venus are the only two without moons. For 10 points, name this planet whose year is only 88 days long, the innermost planet.

Mercury

q321_3

In Boolean algebra, this property holds that a value multiplied by its inverse is equal to zero. For matrices under addition, a function of this name is given by a matrix with all zeros. This term applies to functions that take a number to the first power, multiply it by one, or do any other operation that returns the input.

q321

In Boolean algebra, this property holds that a value multiplied by its inverse is equal to zero. For matrices under addition, a function of this name is given by a matrix with all zeros. This term applies to functions that take a number to the first power, multiply it by one, or do any other operation that returns the input. For 10 points, any number plus zero equals itself according to what kind of property of addition?

identity function [or identity property]

q731_4

Gaussian elimination can reduce these mathematical entities into row echelon form. Their addition is commutative, but generally, multiplication of them is not. The determinant can only be found in square ones; and in a two by two one, the determinant can be found using the formula ad-bc. For 10 points, name this term for a set of numbers arranged in a rectangular box usually offset by brackets.

q731

Gaussian elimination can reduce these mathematical entities into row echelon form. Their addition is commutative, but generally, multiplication of them is not. The determinant can only be found in square ones; and in a two by two one, the determinant can be found using the formula ad-bc. For 10 points, name this term for a set of numbers arranged in a rectangular box usually offset by brackets.

matrix [or matrices]

q4894_1

Written by Joseph Brackett, this song mentions "the valley of love and delight."

q4894

Written by Joseph Brackett, this song mentions "the valley of love and delight." Its melody is borrowed by the clarinet in a scene depicting daily life for newlyweds; that scene is the seventh section of a 1944 ballet choreographed by Martha Graham. For 10 points, name this song from Aaron Copland's Appalachian Spring, a Shaker tune that notes "'tis the gift to be free."

{"Simple Gifts"} [prompt on {Appalachian Spring} before mentioned; prompt on anything mentioning {Shakers} before mentioned]

q6073_2

On the right side of this painting, a large gray rectangle is cut off by the edge of the canvas. In the back of the painting, a body of water is seen; to the right of that water, the Cliffs of Cadaques (“kuh- DACK”) are yellow.

q6073

On the right side of this painting, a large gray rectangle is cut off by the edge of the canvas. In the back of the painting, a body of water is seen; to the right of that water, the Cliffs of Cadaques (“kuh- DACK”) are yellow. Its center depicts a white “monster,” and another object in this painting is upside down and covered in ants. For 10 points, name this painting that features melting clocks, a work by Salvador Dali.

The {Persistence of Memory}

q3249_4

The third game in this series saw its first set of dual worlds and the first use of the Spin Attack technique. A common theme in this game is the protagonist's attempts to rescue the title princess and reunite the Triforce. This series includes games subtitled A Link to the Past and The Ocarina of Time. For 10 points, what is this video game series whose most recent entry is subtitled The Twilight Princess?

q3249

The third game in this series saw its first set of dual worlds and the first use of the Spin Attack technique. A common theme in this game is the protagonist's attempts to rescue the title princess and reunite the Triforce. This series includes games subtitled A Link to the Past and The Ocarina of Time. For 10 points, what is this video game series whose most recent entry is subtitled The Twilight Princess?

The {Legend} of {Zelda} [prompt on {Zelda}]

q612_2

Three of these creatures named Brontes (BRAWN-teez), Steropes (stair-OH-peez), and Arges (ARgeez) forged Zeus's lightning bolts and, after their creation, were locked in Tartarus by Uranus. Poseidon conjured a storm in rage after one of these creatures was blinded by "nobody."

q612

Three of these creatures named Brontes (BRAWN-teez), Steropes (stair-OH-peez), and Arges (ARgeez) forged Zeus's lightning bolts and, after their creation, were locked in Tartarus by Uranus. Poseidon conjured a storm in rage after one of these creatures was blinded by "nobody." That creature lived on an island with a flock of sheep and was called Polyphemus (pawl-ee-FEE-muss). For 10 points, name this race of one-eyed giants from Greek mythology.

Cyclopes [or Cyclops]

q2535_3

In one common lab demo, a balloon is shattered after being treated with nitrogen in this form. At room temperature and standard pressure, only bromine and mercury are in this phase. These substances are used to fill a tube in thermometers and barometers.

q2535

In one common lab demo, a balloon is shattered after being treated with nitrogen in this form. At room temperature and standard pressure, only bromine and mercury are in this phase. These substances are used to fill a tube in thermometers and barometers. They take the shape of their container, but do not expand to fill it, unlike gases. For 10 points, name this state of matter that can boil and is produced by melting.

liquid phase [or liquids]

q667_1

This poet wrote about a maiden who was killed by jealous angels and who lived "in a kingdom by the sea."

q667

This poet wrote about a maiden who was killed by jealous angels and who lived "in a kingdom by the sea." He wrote about a creature that sits "On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door." That poem of his begins, "Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary." For 10 points, name this poet of "Annabel Lee" who wrote about the title creature repeating the word "nevermore" in "The Raven."

Edgar Allen Poe

q366_1

Maria Callas, nicknamed "The Divine," had this vocal range.

q366

Maria Callas, nicknamed "The Divine," had this vocal range. One aria sung in this voice promises revenge against Tamino and Pamina and is named for its singer, the Queen of the Night. That aria contains several series of high C's, and the lowest notes this voice calls for is the A below the staff. One subtype of this voice is called the coloratura. For 10 points, name this vocal range which is above the alto.

soprano

q630_1

In 2012 an unknown disk-shaped object was found on the floor of this sea.

q630

In 2012 an unknown disk-shaped object was found on the floor of this sea. Arms of this sea include the Gulf of Riga and Gulf of Bothnia. The Kiel (KEEL) Canal bypasses Kattegat (KAH-teh-gaht) Bay and Skagerrak (SKAH-geh-rahk) Strait to connect this sea to the North Sea. Germany and Poland are on its southern shore. For 10 points, name this sea bordered by Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, its namesake "States," as well as Finland and Sweden.

Baltic Sea

q13073_5

This award is named after the coach who holds the record for largest margin of victory in a college football game. Archie Griffin is the only man to win this award twice. Until 2007, no sophomore had won this award; since then, three straight sophomores have won it. In 2009, balloting for this award saw the closest vote ever. For 10 points, name this award won in 2009 by Alabama's Mark Ingram.

q13073

This award is named after the coach who holds the record for largest margin of victory in a college football game. Archie Griffin is the only man to win this award twice. Until 2007, no sophomore had won this award; since then, three straight sophomores have won it. In 2009, balloting for this award saw the closest vote ever. For 10 points, name this award won in 2009 by Alabama's Mark Ingram.

John {Heisman} Memorial Trophy

q2307_5

He wrote that "This is the way the world ends/Not with a bang but a whimper" in his poem "The Hollow Men." He also wrote the collection "Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats." The phrase "the women come and go/Talking of Michelangelo" appears in his "The (*) Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock." His most famous work states that "April is the cruelest month." For 10 points, name this poet of "The Waste Land."

q2307

He wrote that "This is the way the world ends/Not with a bang but a whimper" in his poem "The Hollow Men." He also wrote the collection "Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats." The phrase "the women come and go/Talking of Michelangelo" appears in his "The (*) Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock." His most famous work states that "April is the cruelest month." For 10 points, name this poet of "The Waste Land."

T(homas) S(tearns) {Eliot}

q1862_1

One writer in this language wrote the collection “Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair.”

q1862

One writer in this language wrote the collection “Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair.” Another user of this language published the short story collections The Aleph and Ficciones. Love in the Time of Cholera and One Hundred Years of Solitude were also written in this language. For 10 points, name this language used by Latin American writers such as Pablo Neruda, Jorge Luis Borges, and Gabriel García Márquez.

{Spanish} [or {Español}]

q2250_2

Combustion reactions produce carbon dioxide, energy, and this substance. Sometimes called the "universal solvent", it has high surface tension because it forms many hydrogen bonds.

q2250

Combustion reactions produce carbon dioxide, energy, and this substance. Sometimes called the "universal solvent", it has high surface tension because it forms many hydrogen bonds. This compound is unusual in that as it is cooled, it becomes less dense, so its solid form (*) floats on top of its liquid form. For 10 points, name this compound that boils at 100 degrees Celsius, freezes at zero degrees Celsius, and has formula H2O.

{water} [or H2O before it is mentioned]

q1619_2

Cherenkov (“CHAIR-en-kov”) radiation exists when this value is exceeded. The ratio of this quantity in a vacuum to this quantity in a material is that material's index of refraction.

q1619

Cherenkov (“CHAIR-en-kov”) radiation exists when this value is exceeded. The ratio of this quantity in a vacuum to this quantity in a material is that material's index of refraction. It is squared and multiplied by mass to give energy in an equation derived by Einstein, E equals m c squared. For 10 points, name this theoretical upper limit for the speed of any object, equal to about three hundred million meters per second.

speed of {light} [accept {c} before mentioned]

q4556_3

One figure involved in this event is drunk with the blood of saints. During it, seven vials are poured by seven angels in order to wreak havoc. It is set to take place on the Hill of Megiddo.

q4556

One figure involved in this event is drunk with the blood of saints. During it, seven vials are poured by seven angels in order to wreak havoc. It is set to take place on the Hill of Megiddo. Death, Famine, War, and Pestilence are the “Four Horsemen” of this event. For 10 points, identify this Biblical event where the forces of good and evil will do battle one last time.

{Apocalypse} [accept {Armageddon}]

q1853_4

This element's allotropes include nanotubes and fullerenes. Another allotrope of this element consists of thin hexagonal sheets and is known as graphite. This element is bound to four hydrogen atoms in methane. For 10 points, name this element that makes up diamonds, which has atomic number six and symbol C.

q1853

This element's allotropes include nanotubes and fullerenes. Another allotrope of this element consists of thin hexagonal sheets and is known as graphite. This element is bound to four hydrogen atoms in methane. For 10 points, name this element that makes up diamonds, which has atomic number six and symbol C.

{carbon} [or {C} before given]

q2068_4

One trilogy by this author deals with the rise and fall of the Snopes family. Most of his stories take place in Yoknapatawpha (YOKE-nah-pah-TAH-fah) County, including one in which Shreve is told the story of Thomas Sutpen. That novel, Absalom, Absalom!, is narrated by Quentin. In this man's most famous novel, Benjy Compson reminisces about his childhood with Caddy.

q2068

One trilogy by this author deals with the rise and fall of the Snopes family. Most of his stories take place in Yoknapatawpha (YOKE-nah-pah-TAH-fah) County, including one in which Shreve is told the story of Thomas Sutpen. That novel, Absalom, Absalom!, is narrated by Quentin. In this man's most famous novel, Benjy Compson reminisces about his childhood with Caddy. For 10 points, name this Southern author of The Sound and the Fury.

William Cuthbert Faulkner

q4870_4

Ajax the Greater went mad after this man received the armor of Achilles. Hermes gave this man the herb moly to protect him from the magic of the witch Circe, who then told him about the dangers of (*) Scylla and Charybdis. He was trapped by the nymph Calypso for seven years, during which his son Telemachus searched for him. For 10 points, name this Greek figure who spent ten years at sea trying to return to his wife Penelope.

q4870

Ajax the Greater went mad after this man received the armor of Achilles. Hermes gave this man the herb moly to protect him from the magic of the witch Circe, who then told him about the dangers of (*) Scylla and Charybdis. He was trapped by the nymph Calypso for seven years, during which his son Telemachus searched for him. For 10 points, name this Greek figure who spent ten years at sea trying to return to his wife Penelope.

Odysseus

q117_2

This state was the site of an indecisive battle between Henry Clinton and George Washington at Monmouth Courthouse. The Pine Barrens are found in the south-central part of this state, whose beach destinations include Cape May, Wildwood, and Atlantic City.

q117

This state was the site of an indecisive battle between Henry Clinton and George Washington at Monmouth Courthouse. The Pine Barrens are found in the south-central part of this state, whose beach destinations include Cape May, Wildwood, and Atlantic City. The Delaware River forms this state's western border with Pennsylvania. For 10 points, what mid-Atlantic state has its capital at Trenton?

New Jersey

q4806_2

In 1983 this character was given a purple and green battle suit. This cancer survivor was fictionally the forty-third U.S. President.

q4806

In 1983 this character was given a purple and green battle suit. This cancer survivor was fictionally the forty-third U.S. President. John Byrne rewrote this character as a white-collar criminal who runs a prominent aerospace company. He has been portrayed by Gene Hackman and Kevin Spacey in movies, and Michael Rosenbaum in Smallville. For 10 points, name this bald supervillain known for his rivalry with Superman.

Alexander John {"Lex" Luthor}

q1878_1

One character in this novel is asked by Mistress Hibbins to join her in a witches' sabbath.

q1878

One character in this novel is asked by Mistress Hibbins to join her in a witches' sabbath. After being delayed from going to Boston by Native Americans, the protagonist's husband, Roger (*) Chillingworth, meets with the protagonist in jail. Pearl is rumored to be fathered by the devil in, for 10 points, what novel in which Hester Prynne wears the title piece of cloth, a work by Nathaniel Hawthorne?

The Scarlet Letter

q805_2

This element combines with nitrogen to form cyanides, and it combines with iron to make steel. Sixty atoms of this make a molecule of buckminsterfullerene (BUCK-min-ster-FULL-er-een), and another allotrope, mistakenly referred to as lead and used in pencils, is graphite.

q805

This element combines with nitrogen to form cyanides, and it combines with iron to make steel. Sixty atoms of this make a molecule of buckminsterfullerene (BUCK-min-ster-FULL-er-een), and another allotrope, mistakenly referred to as lead and used in pencils, is graphite. It exists in all organic molecules. A molecule made of this element and two oxygen atoms is used by plants in photosynthesis. For 10 points, name this element whose atomic symbol is C.

carbon [accept C until mentioned]

q612_3

Three of these creatures named Brontes (BRAWN-teez), Steropes (stair-OH-peez), and Arges (ARgeez) forged Zeus's lightning bolts and, after their creation, were locked in Tartarus by Uranus. Poseidon conjured a storm in rage after one of these creatures was blinded by "nobody." That creature lived on an island with a flock of sheep and was called Polyphemus (pawl-ee-FEE-muss).

q612

Three of these creatures named Brontes (BRAWN-teez), Steropes (stair-OH-peez), and Arges (ARgeez) forged Zeus's lightning bolts and, after their creation, were locked in Tartarus by Uranus. Poseidon conjured a storm in rage after one of these creatures was blinded by "nobody." That creature lived on an island with a flock of sheep and was called Polyphemus (pawl-ee-FEE-muss). For 10 points, name this race of one-eyed giants from Greek mythology.

Cyclopes [or Cyclops]

q5736_1

The DNA in this organelle (“or-guh-NELL”) is inherited only from the mother.

q5736

The DNA in this organelle (“or-guh-NELL”) is inherited only from the mother. The inner membrane of this organelle contains folds known as cristae (“CRISS-tay”) and encloses its matrix. This organelle is the site of oxidative phosphorylation (“ox-ih-DAY-tiv FOSS-for-ill-AY-shun”), which occurs at the end of the electron transport chain. For 10 points, name this organelle responsible for cellular respiration, which produces ATP and thus provides energy for the cell.

{mitochondria} (“ MY-toe-KON-dree-uh ”) [or {mitochondrion}]

q1415_1

According to the Koran, all angels, except Satan, prostrated themselves before this figure due to his knowledge.

q1415

According to the Koran, all angels, except Satan, prostrated themselves before this figure due to his knowledge. He was cursed to "eat bread until he returned to the ground." In the New Testament, he is seen as the source of death for all men. His transgression is revealed to God when he is seen wearing a fig leaf. His rib was used to make his wife, Eve. For 10 points, name this Biblical figure, the first man.

Adam

q3127_4

The density of this quantity is equal to electrical field times conductivity. The integral of the magnetic field is proportional to this quantity by Ampere's Law. For a diode, this is proportional to the exponential voltage. Ohm's Law states that voltage is equal to this quantity times resistance.

q3127

The density of this quantity is equal to electrical field times conductivity. The integral of the magnetic field is proportional to this quantity by Ampere's Law. For a diode, this is proportional to the exponential voltage. Ohm's Law states that voltage is equal to this quantity times resistance. For 10 points, name this quantity measured in amperes, the amount of charge flowing through a point over time.

{current} [or {I}]

q1446_3

One of this work's title characters crashes a party in an attempt to win the love of Rosaline. At that party he meets the other title character, who is the cousin of Tybalt. At the end of this play, Prince Escalus pronounces peace in Verona between the two central families.

q1446

One of this work's title characters crashes a party in an attempt to win the love of Rosaline. At that party he meets the other title character, who is the cousin of Tybalt. At the end of this play, Prince Escalus pronounces peace in Verona between the two central families. For 10 points, name this play about the feud between the Montagues and Capulets, written by William Shakespeare.

Romeo and Juliet

q1790_1

Two poems originally written in this language begin "Willow of crystal, a poplar of water" and "Tonight I can write the saddest lines;" the latter poem ends a collection that also includes twenty love poems.

q1790

Two poems originally written in this language begin "Willow of crystal, a poplar of water" and "Tonight I can write the saddest lines;" the latter poem ends a collection that also includes twenty love poems. In a novel written in this language, the town of Macondo is founded by (*) Jose Buendia. "Sunstone" and One Hundred Years of Solitude were written in, for 10 points, what language, used by Octavio Paz, Pablo Neruda, and Gabriel Garcia Marquez?

Spanish

q1542_2

The “law of” these objects states that the torque (“tork”) on one side is equal to the torque on the other side. These objects can be classified as first class, second class, or third class depending on the location of the fulcrum.

q1542

The “law of” these objects states that the torque (“tork”) on one side is equal to the torque on the other side. These objects can be classified as first class, second class, or third class depending on the location of the fulcrum. For 10 points, name these simple machines, familiar examples of which include a wheelbarrow and see-saw.

levers

q60_2

This country was officially recognized in the Lateran Treaties of 1929. It has extraterritorial authority over Castel Gandolfo.

q60

This country was officially recognized in the Lateran Treaties of 1929. It has extraterritorial authority over Castel Gandolfo. Places of interest in this country include the Sistine Chapel and Saint Peter's Square and Basilica. Voting in this country is restricted to Cardinals under eighty years old. For 10 points, name this world's smallest country located entirely within the city of Rome.

State of the {Vatican City} [accept {Holy See;} accept {Santa Sede;} accept {Stato della Citta} del {Vaticano}]

q4855_1

He fulfilled a prophecy by accidentally killing his grandfather Acrisius (“uh-CRIZZ-ee-us”) with a discus.

q4855

He fulfilled a prophecy by accidentally killing his grandfather Acrisius (“uh-CRIZZ-ee-us”) with a discus. Acrisius had imprisoned his mother, Danae (“duh-NAY-ee”), but Zeus visited her as a golden shower. This man borrowed the invisibility cap of Hades, the reflective shield of Athena, and the winged sandals of Hermes. He slew a sea monster that was about to consume Andromeda, whom he made his wife. For 10 points, name this figure who beheaded Medusa.

{Perseus}

q2929_3

In this painting, the colonial print and flowers on the woman's dress symbolize domestic care and the traditional role of women in society. The two figures in this work were modeled after the artist's dentist and sister. The man has a cross look on his face and symbolizes hard labor by holding a pitchfork.

q2929

In this painting, the colonial print and flowers on the woman's dress symbolize domestic care and the traditional role of women in society. The two figures in this work were modeled after the artist's dentist and sister. The man has a cross look on his face and symbolizes hard labor by holding a pitchfork. For 10 points, name this work by Grant Wood, which symbolized America in the 1930s.

American Gothic

q1724_4

This man begins one novel by noting, "I am a sick man. I am a spiteful man." In addition to Notes from Underground, he wrote novels about the epileptic Prince Myshkin (MISH-kin) and the axe murderer Raskolnikov (rahs-KOL-nih-kahv). Those books, The Idiot and Crime and Punishment, were written before a novel in which Dmitri, the oldest of four brothers, apparently murders his father.

q1724

This man begins one novel by noting, "I am a sick man. I am a spiteful man." In addition to Notes from Underground, he wrote novels about the epileptic Prince Myshkin (MISH-kin) and the axe murderer Raskolnikov (rahs-KOL-nih-kahv). Those books, The Idiot and Crime and Punishment, were written before a novel in which Dmitri, the oldest of four brothers, apparently murders his father. For 10 points, name this Russian author of The Brothers Karamazov.

Fyodor Dostoevsky

q250_3

This work begins with a word that means "what" and calls for attention. Its three battle scenes, including one against a dragon, are each followed by a funeral scene. While fighting without a weapon, the title character of this work tears an arm from an opponent in the dining hall Heorot (HAY-or-oht), which was built by the Danish king Hrothgar (ROTH-gar).

q250

This work begins with a word that means "what" and calls for attention. Its three battle scenes, including one against a dragon, are each followed by a funeral scene. While fighting without a weapon, the title character of this work tears an arm from an opponent in the dining hall Heorot (HAY-or-oht), which was built by the Danish king Hrothgar (ROTH-gar). For 10 points, name this Old English epic poem about a Geat (gate) warrior who defeats Grendel.

Beowulf

q715_2

A work possibly ghost-written for this man praised Edmund Ross, Thomas Hart Benton, and six other Senators for doing what they felt was right; that work was Profiles in Courage. This president ordered a failed invasion at the Bay of Pigs.

q715

A work possibly ghost-written for this man praised Edmund Ross, Thomas Hart Benton, and six other Senators for doing what they felt was right; that work was Profiles in Courage. This president ordered a failed invasion at the Bay of Pigs. He persisted in a naval blockade of Cuba and resolved the Cuban Missile Crisis. For 10 points, name this President who was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallas in 1963.

{John F. Kennedy} [or {JFK;} prompt on {Kennedy}]

q1471_1

This state was the only one to vote against Richard Nixon in the 1972 general election.

q1471

This state was the only one to vote against Richard Nixon in the 1972 general election. In 2010, its Attorney General, Martha Coakley, lost in the race to fill a vacant Senate seat. That seat was won by Scott Brown, who replaced long-time politician Ted Kennedy. For 10 points, 2004 presidential candidate John Kerry is a senator from what state whose capital is Boston?

Commonwealth of {Massachusetts}

q2641_3

The rest type of this concept is described in special relativity. Its rotational analogue is rotational inertia. It equals energy divided by the square of the speed of light.

q2641

The rest type of this concept is described in special relativity. Its rotational analogue is rotational inertia. It equals energy divided by the square of the speed of light. On Earth, it is sometimes confused with weight, though it is measured not in pounds but in grams. For 10 points, name this quantity that represents the amount of matter in an object.

{mass} [prompt on {m;} accept {energy} before "inertia"]

q1681_3

One of the title characters in this story tells his father he is looking back at his white cat sitting on the roof. In this story, the stepmother plans to leave the title characters in the forest. This ends with the title characters going home after shoving an old (*) woman in an oven.

q1681

One of the title characters in this story tells his father he is looking back at his white cat sitting on the roof. In this story, the stepmother plans to leave the title characters in the forest. This ends with the title characters going home after shoving an old (*) woman in an oven. For 10 points, name this Brothers Grimm story about siblings who find a house made of bread, cake, and sugar.

\"Hansel and Gretel\" [or \"Hansel und Gretel\"]

q490_4

This man sent the Great White Fleet on a tour of the world to impress Japan, and ended a conflict between Japan and Russia with the Treaty of Portsmouth. He recruited several college buddies to serve together as the Rough Riders unit during the Spanish-American War. He began "trustbusting" with the Standard Oil Case. For 10 points, name this president from 1901 to 1909, whose nickname provided the name for a toy bear.

q490

This man sent the Great White Fleet on a tour of the world to impress Japan, and ended a conflict between Japan and Russia with the Treaty of Portsmouth. He recruited several college buddies to serve together as the Rough Riders unit during the Spanish-American War. He began "trustbusting" with the Standard Oil Case. For 10 points, name this president from 1901 to 1909, whose nickname provided the name for a toy bear.

{Theodore Roosevelt} [or {Teddy Roosevelt;} or {T.R.;} prompt on Roosevelt]

q325_3

Parts of this continent named for 19th century sailors include Palmer Land and Wilkes Land. Vostok(VAH-stock) is a Russian station on this continent, parts of which are claimed by Norway, Argentina, and New Zealand. British naval officer Robert Scott died on this continent, which was more successfully explored by Roald Amundsen (AH-mund-son) using sled dogs.

q325

Parts of this continent named for 19th century sailors include Palmer Land and Wilkes Land. Vostok(VAH-stock) is a Russian station on this continent, parts of which are claimed by Norway, Argentina, and New Zealand. British naval officer Robert Scott died on this continent, which was more successfully explored by Roald Amundsen (AH-mund-son) using sled dogs. For 10 points, name this coldest continent, the site of penguin colonies and the South Pole.

Antarctica

q271_2

The Ebro (AY-bro) Valley is in this nation that owns the Balearic (BAH-lee-AH-rick) Islands and the Canary Islands. The southwest slope of the Pyrenees is in this country, which was unified by a 15th century marriage between rulers of Aragon and Castile.

q271

The Ebro (AY-bro) Valley is in this nation that owns the Balearic (BAH-lee-AH-rick) Islands and the Canary Islands. The southwest slope of the Pyrenees is in this country, which was unified by a 15th century marriage between rulers of Aragon and Castile. Tourists visit the Costa Brava in its region of Catalonia, which also contains Barcelona. For 10 points, the Iberian Peninsula is shared by Portugal and what nation whose capital is Madrid?

Kingdom of {Spain} [or Reino de {Espana}]

q1460_4

The title character of this work is hired on as a burglar after unknowingly advertising for a job through a mark on his door. In this work, an attempt is made to reclaim family treasure and avenge the deaths of the villagers of Dale by a group of (*) dwarves. The dwarves are aided by a wizard named Gandalf, and a less-obviously powerful character named Bilbo. For 10 points, name this novel written by J.R.R. Tolkien.

q1460

The title character of this work is hired on as a burglar after unknowingly advertising for a job through a mark on his door. In this work, an attempt is made to reclaim family treasure and avenge the deaths of the villagers of Dale by a group of (*) dwarves. The dwarves are aided by a wizard named Gandalf, and a less-obviously powerful character named Bilbo. For 10 points, name this novel written by J.R.R. Tolkien.

The Hobbit

q1600_1

This actor appeared with his best-known co-star as Topper Harley in Hot Shots.

q1600

This actor appeared with his best-known co-star as Topper Harley in Hot Shots. Kathy Bates won an Emmy in 2012 for her role as the ghost of one of this actor's characters. That character played by this actor died after getting hit by a train and was replaced by (*) Walden Schmidt. This actor stated that he was a "rock star from Mars" with "tiger blood" on a Today Show interview. For 10 points, name this troubled actor who played Charlie Harper on Two And A Half Men.

{Charlie Sheen} [or {Carlos Irwin Estevez;} prompt on {\"Sheen\"} or {\"Estevez\"}]

q4841_2

This deity caused Hodr (HOE-dur) to kill another god with mistletoe, and then failed to weep for that god in the guise of Thokk. He prevented a wall from being built around Asgard on time by taking the form of a mare and laying with Svadilfari (SVAHD-ill-FAR-ee); that union created Sleipnir (SLEEPnear).

q4841

This deity caused Hodr (HOE-dur) to kill another god with mistletoe, and then failed to weep for that god in the guise of Thokk. He prevented a wall from being built around Asgard on time by taking the form of a mare and laying with Svadilfari (SVAHD-ill-FAR-ee); that union created Sleipnir (SLEEPnear). He is better known for fathering the Midgard Serpent and Hel. For 10 points, identify this Norse trickster god.

Loki

q1335_3

Homer claimed that this place never has storms and is bound in aether. One goddess associated with this location is Hebe, who serves its residents nectar and ambrosia. Bellerophon (bell-AIR-oh-fahn) tried to fly to this location after slaying the Chimera, but Zeus sent a gadfly to sting Pegasus and Bellerophon fell off.

q1335

Homer claimed that this place never has storms and is bound in aether. One goddess associated with this location is Hebe, who serves its residents nectar and ambrosia. Bellerophon (bell-AIR-oh-fahn) tried to fly to this location after slaying the Chimera, but Zeus sent a gadfly to sting Pegasus and Bellerophon fell off. For 10 points, identify this location in Greek myth, the home of Poseidon, Hera, and Zeus.

Mount Olympus

q692_2

Creations of this type include Roland Barthes's (BART'S) "Death of the Author." Supporting details and examples are found in body paragraphs in this type of writing, genres of which include process, descriptive, argumentative, and compare-and-contrast.

q692

Creations of this type include Roland Barthes's (BART'S) "Death of the Author." Supporting details and examples are found in body paragraphs in this type of writing, genres of which include process, descriptive, argumentative, and compare-and-contrast. A five-paragraph type of these is frequently assigned in high schools. For 10 points, name this type of non-fiction writing that seeks to prove a thesis statement.

{essays} [prompt on {papers;} prompt on {prose;} prompt on {non}-{fiction;} do not accept or prompt on "article"; do not accept or prompt on "report"]

q1837_3

In one poem by this writer, the speaker says that the title idea "perches in the soul." In addition to "Hope is the thing with feathers," this author wrote a poem that proclaims "I'm Nobody! Who are you?" and a poem that describes a "blue, uncertain, stumbling (*) buzz". A poem about a carriage ride with Death and Immortality was written by, for 10 points, what poet of "Because I could not stop for death," and "I heard a fly buzz when I died"?

q1837

In one poem by this writer, the speaker says that the title idea "perches in the soul." In addition to "Hope is the thing with feathers," this author wrote a poem that proclaims "I'm Nobody! Who are you?" and a poem that describes a "blue, uncertain, stumbling (*) buzz". A poem about a carriage ride with Death and Immortality was written by, for 10 points, what poet of "Because I could not stop for death," and "I heard a fly buzz when I died"?

Emily Dickinson

q5411_3

One law named for this scientist is due to the conservation of angular momentum, and states that a line drawn from a planet to the center of its orbit will sweep out equal areas in equal times. This writer of Astronomia nova and Mysterium cosmographicum analyzed data collected by (*) Tycho Brahe [TEE-koh BRAH] to develop that statement as well as to determine that planets' orbits are ellipses. For 10 points, name this German astronomer who published three laws of planetary motion.

q5411

One law named for this scientist is due to the conservation of angular momentum, and states that a line drawn from a planet to the center of its orbit will sweep out equal areas in equal times. This writer of Astronomia nova and Mysterium cosmographicum analyzed data collected by (*) Tycho Brahe [TEE-koh BRAH] to develop that statement as well as to determine that planets' orbits are ellipses. For 10 points, name this German astronomer who published three laws of planetary motion.

Johannes Kepler

q1727_2

The most winning woman he ever knew was hanged for poisoning three little children for their insurance-money. Irene Adler, always THE woman to this man, outwitted him during his investigation of “A Scandal in Bohemia.”

q1727

The most winning woman he ever knew was hanged for poisoning three little children for their insurance-money. Irene Adler, always THE woman to this man, outwitted him during his investigation of “A Scandal in Bohemia.” This man returned in “The Adventure of the Empty House” after battling Professor Moriarty to the death. For 10 points, name this detective faithfully accompanied by John Watson.

{Sherlock Holmes} [accept either]

q2443_3

4 times the infinite sum one, minus one third, plus one fifth, minus one seventh, et cetera, equals this number. It is approximately equal to 355/113, 333/106, and (*) 22/7. One hundred eighty degrees equals this many radians, and this number is the area of a circle with radius 1.

q2443

4 times the infinite sum one, minus one third, plus one fifth, minus one seventh, et cetera, equals this number. It is approximately equal to 355/113, 333/106, and (*) 22/7. One hundred eighty degrees equals this many radians, and this number is the area of a circle with radius 1. For 10 points, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter equals what number, about 3.14?

pi

q4046_4

One of these conflicts contained the Battle of the Trebia and the Battle of Lake Trasimene. Cato the Elder said during the last one that the enemy city "delenda est," meaning that it must be destroyed. In the second of these wars, (*) Scipio Africanus defeated Hasdrubal and then finished the war at the Battle of Zama, where he defeated Hannibal. For 10 points, name this series of three conflicts between Rome and Carthage.

q4046

One of these conflicts contained the Battle of the Trebia and the Battle of Lake Trasimene. Cato the Elder said during the last one that the enemy city "delenda est," meaning that it must be destroyed. In the second of these wars, (*) Scipio Africanus defeated Hasdrubal and then finished the war at the Battle of Zama, where he defeated Hannibal. For 10 points, name this series of three conflicts between Rome and Carthage.

Punic Wars

q2481_3

Darwin predicted the existence of a Madagascar moth after observing one of these structures, which have separate male/female types in dioecious [dy-oh-EE-shus] species. The parts of this occur in multiples of three in monocots and many use (*) nectar to attract pollinators. One mature part of this becomes the fruit, and it has stamen and carpel reproductive organs.

q2481

Darwin predicted the existence of a Madagascar moth after observing one of these structures, which have separate male/female types in dioecious [dy-oh-EE-shus] species. The parts of this occur in multiples of three in monocots and many use (*) nectar to attract pollinators. One mature part of this becomes the fruit, and it has stamen and carpel reproductive organs. For 10 points, name this structure found in angiosperm plants, often surrounded by petals.

{flower} [do not prompt on \"plant\"]

q83_3

The U.S. Naval Observatory is the official residence for holders of this office, which Spiro Agnew resigned when he was charged with tax fraud. This post was vacant during the administrations of John Tyler and Millard Fillmore, who both became (*) President after they held this post. Ties in the U.S. Senate are broken by, for 10 points, what executive branch post recently held by Dick Cheney?

q83

The U.S. Naval Observatory is the official residence for holders of this office, which Spiro Agnew resigned when he was charged with tax fraud. This post was vacant during the administrations of John Tyler and Millard Fillmore, who both became (*) President after they held this post. Ties in the U.S. Senate are broken by, for 10 points, what executive branch post recently held by Dick Cheney?

{Vice President} of the United States [do not accept or prompt on {\"President\"}]

q1425_1

In 1822, the House of Iturbide (“EE-tur-BEE-day”) assumed control of this nation for one year.

q1425

In 1822, the House of Iturbide (“EE-tur-BEE-day”) assumed control of this nation for one year. This nation was ruled by an Austrian emperor installed by Napoleon III, Maximilian, although he was overthrown by Benito Juarez (“WAHR-ezz”). The Gadsden Purchase bought land from this country, whose victory at Puebla (“PWAY-bluh”) is celebrated as Cinco de Mayo. For 10 points, identify this nation that once owned California and Texas.

Mexico

q5534_4

This system uses the Dalvik virtual machine, and specialized versions of it are used on the Nook and the Kindle Fire. Its version numbers are named in alphabetical order for desserts, such as Ice Cream Sandwich and Jelly Bean. Apps for it can be bought on the (*) Play store. For 10 points, name this cell phone operating system that competes with iOS and is owned by Google.

q5534

This system uses the Dalvik virtual machine, and specialized versions of it are used on the Nook and the Kindle Fire. Its version numbers are named in alphabetical order for desserts, such as Ice Cream Sandwich and Jelly Bean. Apps for it can be bought on the (*) Play store. For 10 points, name this cell phone operating system that competes with iOS and is owned by Google.

Android

q2221_3

Spiders possess a book form of this organ in their abdomens. The intake of these organs is measured as tidal volume. Emphysema is caused by obstruction of these organs, which expand when the diaphragm generates negative pressure.

q2221

Spiders possess a book form of this organ in their abdomens. The intake of these organs is measured as tidal volume. Emphysema is caused by obstruction of these organs, which expand when the diaphragm generates negative pressure. Bronchi are main tubes entering these organs whose alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. For 10 points, name these organs of the respiratory system that supply oxygen to the blood.

lungs

q2084_4

One character in this story is sold by her father and is partially deaf. The protagonist reveals himself to Princess Pea and is then sentenced to death in the dungeon. Spoons, bowls, kettles, and soup are outlawed after the queen dies of fright when a (*) rat falls in her food. For 10 points, name this 2004 novel which became a 2008 film, a Newbery Medal winner by Kate DiCamillo.

q2084

One character in this story is sold by her father and is partially deaf. The protagonist reveals himself to Princess Pea and is then sentenced to death in the dungeon. Spoons, bowls, kettles, and soup are outlawed after the queen dies of fright when a (*) rat falls in her food. For 10 points, name this 2004 novel which became a 2008 film, a Newbery Medal winner by Kate DiCamillo.

The Tale of {Despereaux}

q5033_3

One method of performing this action involves using a base case and an induction step; another method begins by assuming the opposite and finding something impossible, which is the type "by contradiction". In 1994 Andrew Wiles did this for (*) Fermat's [fair-mah'z] Last Theorem. Basic geometry often uses the "two-column" variety of, for 10 points, what process of showing that a mathematical statement is true?

q5033

One method of performing this action involves using a base case and an induction step; another method begins by assuming the opposite and finding something impossible, which is the type "by contradiction". In 1994 Andrew Wiles did this for (*) Fermat's [fair-mah'z] Last Theorem. Basic geometry often uses the "two-column" variety of, for 10 points, what process of showing that a mathematical statement is true?

mathematical {proof} [accept word forms]

q2066_3

The god of war worshipped by these people was born from the union of a ball of feathers and Coatlicue (co-AHT-lee-KWAY). This people settled down in the place where they found an eagle, on a cactus, eating a snake. This people's main god threw himself on a funeral pyre after his chief rival, Tezcatlipoca (TEZ-cot-lee-POKE-AH), deceived him.

q2066

The god of war worshipped by these people was born from the union of a ball of feathers and Coatlicue (co-AHT-lee-KWAY). This people settled down in the place where they found an eagle, on a cactus, eating a snake. This people's main god threw himself on a funeral pyre after his chief rival, Tezcatlipoca (TEZ-cot-lee-POKE-AH), deceived him. For 10 points, identify this Mesoamerican civilization that worshipped the "Feathered Serpent," Quetzalcoatl (KWET-zahl- koh-AHT-ill).

{Aztecs} [prompt on {Mexicans}]

q3469_4

A series of descending examples of this scale opens Rimsky-Korsakov's famous Flight of the Bumblebee. On a guitar, one can play one of these by fingering every fret on a given string, and on the piano, one can play one of these by striking every black and white key in a row. Playing this scale involves moving only by half-steps. For 10 points, name this type of scale that includes every note on an instrument.

q3469

A series of descending examples of this scale opens Rimsky-Korsakov's famous Flight of the Bumblebee. On a guitar, one can play one of these by fingering every fret on a given string, and on the piano, one can play one of these by striking every black and white key in a row. Playing this scale involves moving only by half-steps. For 10 points, name this type of scale that includes every note on an instrument.

{chromatic} scale

q5411_2

One law named for this scientist is due to the conservation of angular momentum, and states that a line drawn from a planet to the center of its orbit will sweep out equal areas in equal times. This writer of Astronomia nova and Mysterium cosmographicum analyzed data collected by (*) Tycho Brahe [TEE-koh BRAH] to develop that statement as well as to determine that planets' orbits are ellipses.

q5411

One law named for this scientist is due to the conservation of angular momentum, and states that a line drawn from a planet to the center of its orbit will sweep out equal areas in equal times. This writer of Astronomia nova and Mysterium cosmographicum analyzed data collected by (*) Tycho Brahe [TEE-koh BRAH] to develop that statement as well as to determine that planets' orbits are ellipses. For 10 points, name this German astronomer who published three laws of planetary motion.

Johannes Kepler

q154_1

This leader was denounced by his successor in the "Secret Speech."

q154

This leader was denounced by his successor in the "Secret Speech." His country agreed to a nonaggression pact with Germany, but Hitler invaded his nation in Operation Barbarossa. He won a power struggle against Leon Trotsky after Vladimir Lenin's death. For 10 points, name this Soviet Premier during the Second World War.

Joseph {Stalin} [or Joseph {Dzughashvili}]

q4678_3

When air resistance exactly counteracts this force, an object has reached terminal velocity. The escape velocity is the minimum speed needed to overcome the effects of this force. On Earth, this force acts to accelerate a body at nine point eight meters per second squared.

q4678

When air resistance exactly counteracts this force, an object has reached terminal velocity. The escape velocity is the minimum speed needed to overcome the effects of this force. On Earth, this force acts to accelerate a body at nine point eight meters per second squared. For 10 points, name this force responsible for keeping objects on the ground.

{gravity} [or {gravitational} force]

q387_1

The name for the physical state of the universe during this event was explained and named by Stephen Hawking.

q387

The name for the physical state of the universe during this event was explained and named by Stephen Hawking. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation is left over from just after this event, which was hypothesized by Georges Lemaître. Hubble's use of the Doppler Effect helped to prove that this event occurred. For 10 points, name this event in cosmological history during which the universe started to expand rapidly.

Big Bang

q4806_1

In 1983 this character was given a purple and green battle suit.

q4806

In 1983 this character was given a purple and green battle suit. This cancer survivor was fictionally the forty-third U.S. President. John Byrne rewrote this character as a white-collar criminal who runs a prominent aerospace company. He has been portrayed by Gene Hackman and Kevin Spacey in movies, and Michael Rosenbaum in Smallville. For 10 points, name this bald supervillain known for his rivalry with Superman.

Alexander John {"Lex" Luthor}

q3195_4

Like the kidney, this organ possesses large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum because of its role in removing toxins from the body. This organ converts glycogen into glucose and creates cholesterol. This largest human internal organ is divided into four lobes and can regenerate. Cirrhosis is the degeneration of, for 10 points, which reddish-brown abdominal organ, which produces bile and stores it in the gallbladder?

q3195

Like the kidney, this organ possesses large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum because of its role in removing toxins from the body. This organ converts glycogen into glucose and creates cholesterol. This largest human internal organ is divided into four lobes and can regenerate. Cirrhosis is the degeneration of, for 10 points, which reddish-brown abdominal organ, which produces bile and stores it in the gallbladder?

{liver}

q1100_2

Great White Spots are frequent storms on this planet. Its moons include Iapetus, Rhea, Enceladus, and the only known one to have an atmosphere.

q1100

Great White Spots are frequent storms on this planet. Its moons include Iapetus, Rhea, Enceladus, and the only known one to have an atmosphere. This planet is less dense than water. The Cassini Division is located in its extensive ring system. For 10 points, name this second largest planet in the solar system, the sixth from the Sun.

Saturn

q293_3

The island of Bornholm is in this body of water, which is connected by the Kiel (“KEEL”) Canal to the North Sea. One arm of this sea is the Gulf of Bothnia, and the large island of Saaremaa (“SAH-reh- MAH”) guards its Gulf of Riga (“REE-guh”). Five national capitals lie on this body of water, including Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, and Stockholm.

q293

The island of Bornholm is in this body of water, which is connected by the Kiel (“KEEL”) Canal to the North Sea. One arm of this sea is the Gulf of Bothnia, and the large island of Saaremaa (“SAH-reh- MAH”) guards its Gulf of Riga (“REE-guh”). Five national capitals lie on this body of water, including Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, and Stockholm. For 10 points, name this sea south of Scandinavia.

{Baltic} Sea

q1995_2

One of this author's characters kills his rival Spitz while working for Francois (frahn-SWAH) and Perrault (pair-OHL). Another of his characters is taken to Santa Clara, California, where he saves Judge Scott from a murderer.

q1995

One of this author's characters kills his rival Spitz while working for Francois (frahn-SWAH) and Perrault (pair-OHL). Another of his characters is taken to Santa Clara, California, where he saves Judge Scott from a murderer. The central figure of one of his novels avenges the killing of his master Thornton before going on to lead a wolf pack; that figure is the Buck from The Call of the Wild. For 10 points, name this author of White Fang.

Jack {London}

q3232_4

Arthur Doodson designed a machine for predicting the magnitude of these events. They occur in a cycle that includes "stand" periods followed by "slack water" periods. An unusually high concentration of dinoflagellates (DYE-no-FLADGE-ell-ates) can cause the "red" type. Weak versions of these events are known as "neap" ones and occur in the first and third quarters of the lunar cycle.

q3232

Arthur Doodson designed a machine for predicting the magnitude of these events. They occur in a cycle that includes "stand" periods followed by "slack water" periods. An unusually high concentration of dinoflagellates (DYE-no-FLADGE-ell-ates) can cause the "red" type. Weak versions of these events are known as "neap" ones and occur in the first and third quarters of the lunar cycle. For 10 points, name these variations in the sea level.

tides

q1262_2

This native of Tarsus undertook several missionary trips to western areas like Asia Minor and Syria. This author of two epistles to the Corinthians (“core-IN-thee-uns”) and one to the Romans advocated the persecution of Jews who accepted Jesus, until he had a life-altering vision on the road to Damascus.

q1262

This native of Tarsus undertook several missionary trips to western areas like Asia Minor and Syria. This author of two epistles to the Corinthians (“core-IN-thee-uns”) and one to the Romans advocated the persecution of Jews who accepted Jesus, until he had a life-altering vision on the road to Damascus. For 10 points, identify this Catholic saint born with the name Saul.

St. {Paul} the Apostle [accept {Saul} until mentioned]

q4816_3

These objects are often responsible for the formation of "rock flour." When these objects retreat, they often create eskers and drumlins and leave moraines. They often create "v" and "u" shaped (*) valleys along with fjords.

q4816

These objects are often responsible for the formation of "rock flour." When these objects retreat, they often create eskers and drumlins and leave moraines. They often create "v" and "u" shaped (*) valleys along with fjords. When these objects break apart, they form icebergs and can create large crevasses in their surface. For 10 points, name these large bodies of moving ice.

glaciers

q1217_1

This "Foremost of the Westerners" is linked with Serapis through the Apis bull.

q1217

This "Foremost of the Westerners" is linked with Serapis through the Apis bull. This son of Geb and Nut (NOOT) was cut into fourteen pieces that were scattered throughout the country by his brother. His wife revived him after she and Nephthys (NEF-this) found thirteen of those pieces. After he was revived, this brother of Set fathered Horus. For 10 points, identify this husband of Isis and the Egyptian god of the dead.

{Osiris} [accept {Anubis} before "Serapis" is read; prompt on Khenti-Amentiu]

q2315_1

One former player for this team was the 1986 NFL MVP as well as the defensive player of the year, but that player may be more famous for the hit that broke Joe Theismann's leg.

q2315

One former player for this team was the 1986 NFL MVP as well as the defensive player of the year, but that player may be more famous for the hit that broke Joe Theismann's leg. Lawrence Taylor played for this team that also defeated a (*) Tom Brady-led Patriots team to win the 2012 Super Bowl. Hakeem Nicks and Victor Cruz play on, for 10 points, what NFL team that features Eli Manning at quarterback?

{New York Giants} [prompt on \"New York\"]