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cfcec1ed-eaa6-41a3-825f-db6fe85221f6 | Jehovah's Witnesses originated as a branch of the Bible Student movement, which originated in the United States in the 1870s among followers of Christian Restorationist minister Charles Taze Russell [2]. Jehovah's Witnesses were an outgrowth of the International Bible Students and their missionary work that began in Europe in the 1890s. The first overseas branch of Bible Students was opened in London in 1900, and a German branch office of the Watch Tower Society opened in Elberfeld in 1902 [1, 2]. | |
75ad83e6-d028-4aca-875f-96fd3593130c | A conurbation is a region that consists of a number of cities, large towns, and other urban areas that have merged through population growth and physical expansion to form one continuous urban or industrially developed area. It is usually a polycentric urbanized area, which has transportation and in which the merging of labor markets has developed. [1] The term "conurbation" is commonly used in Britain, while in the United States, they have their own common designations for each polycentric "metropolitan area." [2] An example of a conurbation is the New York metropolitan area, which is composed of 30 counties and has an estimated population of 21,961,994. [3] This term was coined by Patrick Geddes in his book "Cities in Evolution" in 1915, where he gave examples of conurbations such as the Ruhr in Germany and North Jersey in the United States. [4] The exact boundaries of a conurbation are debatable and dependent on the criteria used to determine where an urban area ceases. For instance, the West Midlands Built-up Area includes various urban areas such as Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Solihull, West Bromwich, Dudley, and Walsall. [5] | |
705dc715-b682-41d6-9eae-0fb237ff5b14 | It was also shown at the San Diego Comic-Con International on July 22, 2010 [1] | |
faaf7357-51f8-4c25-8c9d-7068fc097c22 | Bonanza was filmed at the Bonanza Creek Movie Ranch in New Mexico [2, 4]. | |
e396d6d9-c8e9-495d-b9c3-9c3983334b0c | The first unmanned spaceflight was the Soviet Union's Sputnik 1, launched on October 4, 1957, as mentioned in [4]. | |
dc77bb91-94ce-4aaf-a3ef-07b57baa5b0a | Based on the given contexts, it is possible for a septic tank to explode if there is an ignition source that causes the methane and hydrogen sulfide in the sewer gas to ignite [1]. Methane and hydrogen sulfide are highly flammable and potentially explosive substances that can be found in sewer gas, which can be ignited with flame or sparks. The concentration of methane in open sewers is lower than in closed drains, but it is still present [1]. | |
ab6726ee-8828-4714-9409-2d80cee83483 | The headquarters of NBC is located in 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City [3]. | |
bd871cf2-0dd4-4a8c-9b03-15d27f78b10c | Based on the given contexts, Gwen Poole is part of a team in "The Unbelievable Gwenpool". [1] | |
2d9ce308-55a5-4fc3-b41b-9b1494cb491f | Socrates was born in Alopeke, belonging to the tribe Antiochis. [1] | |
ad58f84f-10b9-464d-b518-e1b70c8a051e | NASA stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration. [1] | |
ed509e0f-c09f-4e2f-98ec-9469c08a5979 | The headquarters of the British Admiralty is located in Admiralty House in Mount Pearl, Newfoundland [1]. There is also a large Admiralty building, which has been used by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office from the 1960s to 2016, but it is uncertain whether it served as the headquarters [2]. | |
0131ac21-5fdf-483d-913d-2f87bf21fc7e | The current French tank is the Leclerc tank [1]. | |
c9ba8c04-6c0d-41d1-8a86-c2ea3bfc74fc | The first modern cruise ship was the "Sovereign of the Seas" which launched in 1988 [1]. However, the first purpose-built cruise ship was "Prinzessin Victoria Luise" which was completed in 1900 [2][3] | |
177e1949-5960-4d1f-a610-1f48b5f10d2c | Yes, the death penalty is legal in China. It is primarily enforced for murder and drug trafficking, with executions carried out by lethal injection or gunshots. The death penalty receives overwhelming public support in China and remains popular in many other countries in Asia. (Contexts [1], | |
fa1e9b6b-89cb-4234-9e06-523dbc3d1cbc | Yes, autism can affect interpersonal skills. Children with autism spectrum disorders have been found to have a preference for routine actions, resistance to change, obsession with particular interests or rituals, and a lack of social skills. They are more likely to be close friends of one person rather than having groups of friends and have a sense of parental attachment that compensates for a lack of social skills that would usually inhibit friendships. Some intervention approaches are available to address this core deficit of autism, such as social skills treatment, but they have been found to be minimally effective for children and adolescents with ASD or Asperger syndrome. [1, 6] Being autism friendly and understanding can have a significant impact on an individual's interpersonal life and work life, benefited by consistency across all areas of one's life. [4, 5] Substance abuse, especially alcohol abuse, can cause or worsen certain neuropsychological symptoms of autism that impair social skills. [3] | |
84a06ad6-9776-413f-b4bc-0c15b951ac30 | The oldest car race in the world is the Targa Florio, created in 1906 by Vincenzo Florio [3]. However, Turismo Carretera, a popular touring car racing series in Argentina, is the oldest car racing series still active in the world, which started in 1937 [4]. | |
a55ecae2-57c8-409e-bedd-612316aacf32 | F.C.S. Schiller practiced philosophy that was very similar to pragmatism, which he referred to as "humanism." He strongly opposed both logical positivism and absolute idealism. Schiller's philosophy was aligned with the pragmatism of William James, and he saw himself as a scientific thinker. He also developed a method to blend naturalism and abstract metaphysics in his philosophy [1][3][4] | |
59468da0-e9b1-4d15-a281-00e4d016bd68 | The name Canada comes from the Saint-Lawrence Iroquoian word "kanata", meaning "village" or "settlement". This word was used by the indigenous inhabitants of the Quebec City region to direct Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona in the 16th century. Cartier later used the word "Canada" to refer not only to that particular village but to the entire area subject to Donnacona (the chief at Stadacona) and by 1545, European books and maps had begun referring to this small region along the Saint Lawrence River as "Canada". [2][3] | |
9896a99a-aff2-41b5-a3a3-ac9742ebd46f | The Commonwealth of Nations was formed in 1949 with the signing of the London Declaration, which marked the birth of the modern Commonwealth and the adoption of its present name. [1] The formation of the Commonwealth of Nations is traced back to the Statute of Westminster of 1931, an Act of the British Parliament which established the independence of the Dominions and created a group of equal members where there was one paramount member (the United Kingdom). [2] The Commonwealth was originally created as the "British Commonwealth" through the Balfour Declaration at the 1926 Imperial Conference and formalised in 1931 through the Statute of Westminster. [3] | |
33e1ad19-340a-4558-b724-ab8d388edc16 | Augustus died in AD 14 at the age of 75, probably from natural causes. [2] | |
3cc06494-b1f0-48ac-9489-4553f34f7082 | The Commonwealth of Nations is a political association of 53 member states, most of which were once territories of the British Empire. It was created as the "British Commonwealth" through the Balfour Declaration in 1926 and formalized by the United Kingdom through the Statute of Westminster in 1931. The modern Commonwealth was established by the London Declaration in 1949, which established the member states as "free and equal". The Queen Elizabeth II is the Head of the Commonwealth and head of state of 16 member states. The Commonwealth's membership includes both republics and monarchies [1-3]. | |
8392d07a-217f-4122-9a07-e7ed0369c13f | Octavia E. Butler's first novel was "Patternmaster" [2]. It was published in 1976 and was the first book in the Patternist series [2]. | |
1362e13e-1dc9-4eec-bb00-0402819b48f0 | The HEB supermarket was founded on November 26, 1905 [1]. | |
b83747c8-50a6-4460-84b2-6e722c2f6c0d | Cho Namchul was born on November 30, 1923. [1] | |
7fc93f4d-ab84-41ac-93d2-835db0a907de | Bibimbap is a Korean rice dish that includes warm white rice topped with sautéed and seasoned vegetables (namul), chili pepper paste (gochujang), soy sauce, fermented soybean paste (doenjang), a raw or fried egg, and sliced beef or other substitutes such as chicken or seafood. The vegetables commonly used in bibimbap include cucumber, courgette, radish, mushrooms, bellflower root, gim, as well as spinach, soybean sprouts, and bracken fern stems. The addition of ingredients in this meal is symbolic as each color represents a different body organ and region of Korea. [1,2] | |
eb56e644-db63-482c-9b17-f756b3a619d7 | Before the Bronze Age, there was the Copper Age followed by the Neolithic Age. [1][2] The Copper Age saw the use of copper for tools and the development of the saw. [1] The Neolithic Age, on the other hand, was characterized by the use of stone tools. [2] | |
014b6ddc-2df6-4bd4-b2df-1d4331f2b9b3 | Emma was first published in December 1815 [2]. | |
533ea0f3-34f3-47ad-bcc1-17b9935526ef | The voting day is on a Tuesday because it was chosen by Congress in 1845 as the earliest day that was practical for polling. It allowed voters to worship on Sunday, travel to the county seat on Monday, and vote on Tuesday, all before market day, Wednesday. [2][3][5] Initially, Congress set the day for choosing presidential electors on "the first Tuesday in November," in years divisible by four. But as this date scheme did not always align with the requirements of the already-existing Electoral College law, the bill was reworded to move the date for choosing presidential electors to the Tuesday after the first Monday in November, which is still in use today. [1] While efforts have been made to move the election day to weekends or make it a public holiday [2][6] | |
2cef4c57-66a1-4bb5-b477-148d0c198dfb | The Slavija Square is located in Belgrade, at the intersection of Kralja Milana, Beogradska, Makenzijeva, Svetosavska, Bulevar oslobođenja, Deligradska and Nemanjina streets. [1] | |
2f54a4d2-358e-4f1f-bbfa-67ed781cf2c3 | The Cosby Show aired for eight seasons on NBC from September 20, 1984, until April 30, 1992, with 201 episodes and an outtakes special produced and aired. [4][5] It spent five consecutive seasons as the number one rated show on television, from 1985 to 1989. [1][3] | |
ec74eb07-f2b6-4e63-b327-0bbbb999c05c | The population of NYC was estimated to be 8,491,079 people living in the city, according to U.S. Census estimates in 2014 [3]. Its population density is 26,403 people per square mile (10,194/km²), making it the densest of any American municipality with a population above 100,000. Moreover, Manhattan's population density is 66,940 people per square mile (25,846/km²), highest of any county in the United States [3][4] . However, the population density of specific neighborhoods such as Brownsville belongs to which is not the entire city is . The entirety of Community Board 16 had 86,377 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2015 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 74.1 years [1]. Therefore, the population density of NYC is about 26,403 people per square mile (10,194/km²). | |
cc59b35f-f598-4f96-9ebf-8a76677db1dc | Tuscany is a region in central Italy, with Florence as its regional capital. It is located in northwestern central Italy, bordered by the Papal States to the south, the Ligurian Sea to the west, and Lombardy to the north. [1,2,4] | |
38ca280b-65d5-4b1d-9c60-3c75e11a4cdf | Jacques de Molay was probably born in Molay, Haute-Saône, in the County of Burgundy, modern-day Franche-Comté, northeastern France [1]. | |
8e4b0108-a1b9-425f-8fa0-9418270fb4e8 | The melting point of Silicon is 1414°C [1][2][3][4] | |
7f7afcf8-de80-4cc1-a824-bcf6f155cba8 | The winner of the 2017 Mexico City ePrix was Lucas di Grassi who drove for Audi Sport ABT. [1] | |
8b88debb-7a64-4596-b2d4-5c427cdbe104 | Based on the given context, the estimated population of Massachusetts in 2017 was 6.833 million [1]. | |
9d0bc42c-0703-43e8-bb0f-bfa1ba9f4a97 | The first Nobel prize winner for economics was Jan Tinbergen and Ragnar Frisch, who were awarded the prize in 1969 for developing and applying dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes. [2, 4, 5] | |
fb155bd8-9215-4547-a83b-6967104bdba2 | Yes, Warsaw has been in war. Warsaw was heavily affected by World War II, which led to the destruction of 80-90% of its buildings and an immense part of its cultural heritage, resulting in severe damage to the city's historic collections [1, 7]. Additionally, Warsaw was kept under ceaseless barrage by Nazi artillery and air power for sixty-three days and nights, resulting in the deaths of roughly 800,000 civilians, or 60% of the population [10]. In September 1939, the Germans threw back the Russian advance in the vicinity of Warsaw; meanwhile, it was referred to as "Fortress Warsaw" [9]. During the Polish-Bolshevik War in 1920, the Polish Ministry of Interior decided to nationalize the unit of Warsaw Fire Guards [2]. Furthermore, the Warsaw Pact, a collective defense treaty, was signed in Warsaw among the Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955 during the Cold War [5]. | |
25f582f3-fd72-4bbc-9271-22e56064de3e | The fields of study focused on human behavior are Human behavior genetics, Cultural neuroscience, Comparative psychology, and Psychology. [1][2][3][4] | |
7f044dd0-f376-443d-9611-4e92566e8885 | The West Memphis Three were tried and convicted in West Memphis, Arkansas. [1][2][3] | |
8c6b01c8-f75e-4136-a025-b6a96c4ab2a8 | The state of South Carolina seceded from the Union on December 20, 1860. [1][3][4][5][6][10] | |
cec0da2c-0026-45f8-ae35-ebf6083f4dad | SIGINT stands for "Signals intelligence" [3]. | |
2a990e7f-8d4c-4593-9c8c-c3baf137055f | Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote Cats in 1981 [1]. | |
a8699548-1058-4235-86cd-4becdbfca8f6 | Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote "The Communist Manifesto" in 1848, which expressed what they termed "scientific socialism" [2]. However, in their writings, Marx and Engels raised the question of whether Russia could progress to socialism directly or whether it must first go through the same process of capitalist development as the West. They suggested that if the Russian Revolution becomes a signal for a proletarian revolution in the West, so that both complement each other, the present Russian common ownership of land may serve as the starting point for a communist development [1]. Therefore, Marx and Engels did not directly start socialism, but their thoughts and writing have a significant influence on socialist movements [2]. | |
09491e65-186f-4e4e-bfb4-a6fa33e64ccf | The first public school opened in the U.S. was Boston Latin School, founded in 1635 [2]. | |
4e52e420-b5a7-4ecf-a88f-cc441839b3e9 | The real name of Captain Cold is Leonard Snart. [1] | |
923e69dc-2d82-4307-a407-b51a94e87fb6 | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are found in atmospheric aerosols, and in oil, coal, and tar deposits. They are also produced as byproducts of fuel burning, whether fossil fuel or biomass. PAHs are found in cooked foods such as meat that is cooked at high temperatures such as grilling or barbecuing, and in smoked fish. [1][2] | |
35d65beb-7912-4589-8434-69a3cd7ba5b2 | The oldest pyramid in the world is the Pyramid of Djoser which was built between 2630-2610 BC during the Third Dynasty [2]. Even though Watson Brake, an archaeological site in Louisiana, is considered the oldest earthwork mound complex in North America and is older than the Egyptian pyramids and Stonehenge, it is not considered as a pyramid [1]. | |
c511cb13-606c-46e6-8186-a04cf60abe24 | No, Abi Branning is not a regular character on EastEnders as she was killed off in January 2018 after falling from the roof of The Queen Victoria pub [2]. However, she did make a few guest appearances in 2018, with one being in July and another being over the Christmas period [1]. | |
d46abd3b-87aa-4e7e-9f85-9eff5446f9ba | The area of Bengal is 232,752 km, including West Bengal and Bangladesh. [1] | |
6f28c1c4-5496-4386-a462-571b3e09686d | Based on the given contexts, asbestos is made of long fibres that are mixed with other materials like cement or clay to make various products such as fibre-cement objects and comb ceramic ware. [1][2] | |
59114fba-feb3-475e-832c-1bf2c8d07b54 | Yes, hemp contains THC, but in very low concentrations. Industrial hemp, which is legally grown and sold, contains only minute amounts of THC, typically below 0.3% on a dry-weight basis [2, 3, 5, 6, 7]. Even in high-THC varieties of hemp, such as drug-type hemp, the THC content of the essential oil does not exceed 0.08% [1]. | |
0b6dcd29-113a-4940-8e26-841f23b419d3 | The population of Tanzania is 55.57 million people according to [1] | |
9bcaf144-da89-434b-bf70-cf8858ae5baa | According to the given contexts, Mongolia is divided into 21 provinces (aimags) [1, 2, 5, 6]. Each province is further divided into several districts, with a total of 331 districts in Mongolia [3]. Dornogovi is one of the 21 provinces of Mongolia, located in the southeast and bordering China's Inner Mongolia region [4]. | |
f9ec4bd5-9b82-4bcf-8742-63ad7635f30d | Sperm donation can be safe under certain regulations enforced by local legislation, which are primarily intended to protect the unborn child and may also provide a compromise between conflicting views surrounding sperm banks operations. However, legislation cannot prevent sperm banks or donors from supplying or donating sperm outside their jurisdiction. [1] | |
97f7da6c-ca92-4a1b-9797-7d92abd9deba | Based on the given context, 37 men were killed during The Battle of Kyongju by the US 3rd Battalion, 19th Infantry [1]. | |
dd5b208f-57cb-4666-8add-e6e476b9373a | Gona Barracks was built during the 1960s. [1] | |
a8041ea3-e274-4131-83c8-d02d9d87579e | The DreamHack Open Cluj-Napoca 2015 was held at Sala Polivalentă in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. [1] | |
361578f0-f406-4b01-9a18-7650563df9c2 | Tylenol was introduced in 1955 by McNeil Laboratories [1]. | |
4fc928fc-72c1-4a24-aee6-d496b0d7c37f | Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling was established on July 28, 1989 [1]. | |
4f78e660-448c-4f47-a8bf-0147f1108ce6 | According to the given contexts, the most used language in Europe can be determined based on two different measurements. The first context mentions that Slavic languages are the most spoken by the number of native speakers in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. In the second context, based on the number of daily native speakers, Russian language is the most widespread language of Europe, followed by German, English, French, Italian, Spanish, Polish, Ukrainian, and Romanian. However, when it comes to foreign language studies, English is currently the most popular foreign language in Europe, followed by German, French, Italian, Russian and Spanish [1][2] | |
f8ef9341-5ede-4740-8d61-9e6a5c80c70b | Yes, other animals have different blood types like humans. For example, cats have 3 known blood types, cattle have 11, dogs have 12, pigs have 16, horses have 34, and horses have eight major recognized blood groups [1][2] . Even chimpanzees, baboons, and macaques have their own blood group systems [3]. However, in many species, cross-matching is not required before the "first" transfusion, as antibodies against non-self cell surface antigens are not expressed constitutively - i.e. the animal has to be sensitized before it will mount an immune response against the transfused blood [1]. | |
3b232b3b-acf3-4d18-841a-916ae88b792a | The traditional understanding has been that Judaism came before Christianity and that Christianity separated from Judaism some time after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. However, some scholars have proposed a model that envisions a twin birth of Christianity and Judaism rather than a separation of the former from the latter [1]. Christianity emerged within Judaism, and the first Christians were essentially all ethnically Jewish or Jewish proselytes [2]. Jewish Christians regarded "Christianity" as an affirmation of every aspect of contemporary Judaism, with the addition of one extra belief — that Jesus was the Messiah. In other words, Christianity originated from Judaism, but it evolved into a separate religion due to the Christian belief that Jesus was the resurrected Messiah, which is not acceptable in Rabbinic Judaism. Thus, the separation of Christianity from Judaism was a gradual process rather than an event [3]. | |
48e0f236-cc6b-4a27-bd64-8cd48d159317 | Aboriginal culture is thousands of years old, with evidence of Aboriginal art in Australia that can be traced back at least 30,000 years. [1] The tradition of Aboriginal art includes rock art and bark painting, and examples of ancient Aboriginal rock artworks can be found throughout the continent, including national parks such as Uluru and Kakadu National Park, as well as protected parks in urban areas such as Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park in Sydney. [2] | |
bb0fc83c-81f3-42d2-b56f-aca1abcf95d1 | Arabic numerals were adopted in Europe in the 12th century. [1] | |
3135899a-7010-411b-ae06-5629da0578f9 | The Bolshoi Ballet was formed in 1776 [1]. | |
2bb75610-c61c-4ce1-ab75-7b531b27b2db | The original development team of Recaptcha consisted of Luis von Ahn, David Abraham, Manuel Blum, Michael Crawford, Ben Maurer, Colin McMillen, and Edison Tan from Carnegie Mellon University [1]. However, the program was originated and co-created by Guatemalan computer scientist Luis von Ahn who also realized the importance of preserving human brain cycles [2]. Furthermore, the project was then further developed by Luis von Ahn again in collaboration with Severin Hacker, Antonio Navas, Vicki Cheung, Marcel Uekermann, Brendan Meeder, Hector Villafuerte, and Jose Fuentes from Carnegie Mellon University [3]. | |
ad828dc2-28e5-4032-b480-279ce78d7e56 | The Cincinnati Bengals are 51 years old overall and have been playing in the National Football League for 49 seasons [1]. | |
2e511bb3-b45e-4f75-b6fc-18bb0afc8509 | The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was formed on December 8, 1991 [1]. | |
2bb80abd-58f5-4e01-8b00-1b8dfe016c81 | The first Gameboy was released by Nintendo in 1989. [1] | |
5b41d42b-31ce-4eb0-b36b-82e24c879e08 | The TT Pro League has ten teams competing in it. [1][2][3][4][5] | |
d3184d43-4eb8-40f4-925d-4f96f12879e7 | The capital of Angola is Luanda [1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8]. | |
84329553-7057-40a5-b0fc-b5e17f8e077d | Drake Hogestyn was born on September 29, 1953 and therefore is currently (as of 2021) 68 years old. [1] | |
10e140d2-54ac-4f36-8882-87e3c25b9635 | The U.S. National Debt is currently $21.1 trillion as of May 2018 [1]. It is defined as the total amount of money owed by the federal government; this includes money borrowed by the government through bond sales to individuals, corporations, and foreign governments. As of 2017, the U.S. National Debt, measured by "debt held by the public", was approximately 77% of GDP [1]. | |
b3ce975c-b688-4d4c-b17b-195e67d26722 | The Ronettes broke up in early 1967 [2]. | |
2244cda6-2bc7-406f-abad-9a8615387364 | Yes, Armenia was a part of the Soviet Union, from 1920 until the official proclamation of its independence on September 21, 1991 [1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8]. Armenia was initially included in the Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic and was later established as a Soviet Socialist Republic [1, 2, 3, 7, 8]. Armenia remained a part of the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991 [5, 7]. | |
5c504a6d-9ce5-44a5-b407-9790aaf07a93 | The first identification of blood types was done by an Austrian Physician named Karl Landsteiner, in 1900, at the Pathological-Anatomical Institute of the University of Vienna (now Medical University of Vienna) [1]. | |
a4753a04-877f-48a5-aabe-3d75f60c8f81 | The width of the Solar System's habitable zone is greatly dependent on various factors such as the greenhouse gases present, the presence of hydrogen produced by volcanic outgassing, and the type of star system it belongs to. If prodigious volcanic outgassing of hydrogen is included along with carbon dioxide and water vapor, the outer edge of the habitable zone in our solar system would extend out as far as 2.4 AU. Also, if the Solar System were a binary system, the outer limits of the resulting circumstellar habitable zone could also extend as far as 2.4 AU. [1][2] | |
3bcf18bf-435a-4381-b01d-988da858af8b | Emma Pillsbury Schuester first appeared on Glee in the pilot episode, which was first broadcast on May 19, 2009. [1] | |
f617035b-f1fa-443a-ba3f-66912accc6df | An Umayyad caliph refers to the leader of the Arab empire during the Umayyad caliphate, which was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Prophet Muhammad. The Umayyad dynasty, hailing from Mecca, established dynastic, hereditary rule in 661 with Muawiyah I, governor of Syria, becoming the first Umayyad caliph [1][2] . They made Damascus their capital and under their rule, the Arab empire continued to expand, eventually extending to Central Asia and the borders of India in the east, Yemen in the south, the Atlantic coast of what is now Morocco and the Iberian peninsula in the west. The Umayyads built new cities, often unfortified military camps that provided bases for further conquests [1]. | |
2357cead-8b5e-4419-9f23-fd3a0f5192c7 | Walter William Law was born on November 13, 1837 [1][2] | |
d7e82562-cf56-4d66-abb9-86c37b2926bf | The female pirate who controlled China's waters was Ching Shih [2]. She once commanded over 300 traditional Chinese sailing ships (junks) that were manned by 20,000 to 40,000 pirates, including men, women and children [2]. | |
13b38062-d8d4-42e8-821f-5cac3d479501 | During the Golden Age of Comic Books, many well-known characters were introduced including Superman, Batman, Captain Marvel (later known as SHAZAM!), Captain America, Wonder Woman, Black Pirate, Fireball, Red Raven, Fighting Yank, and Silver Scorpion. [1-10]. | |
316a44fd-c605-4e3e-ac70-b71c1813a133 | Wilton Norman Chamberlain died on October 12, 1999 [1]. | |
4aedf212-ee55-476e-a63d-7d9bbddb08eb | Jayma Mays was cast as Emma Pillsbury Schuester in the pilot episode of "Glee", which was first broadcast on May 19, 2009. [1] | |
02b0c5fc-4b5e-426e-9057-12ff8853b9b6 | Rubén Darío was born in 1867 [2]. | |
64d878e0-aa44-4db6-abf5-17e7a842547a | Georgios Papadopoulos was born in Elaiohori, a small village in the Prefecture of Achaea in Peloponnese. [1] | |
89509f7d-c579-441b-aea6-9c03b38c5828 | Bengt I. Samuelsson and colleagues first discovered 5("S")-HETE. [1] | |
66d919d5-3342-4d2f-a601-c30d6bfa1595 | Syracuse was founded by Greek colonists in 734 or 733 BC. [1][2] | |
ce6da9ce-604e-4392-8b13-8877ff862f73 | Based on the given contexts, the most watched news network is Fox News [1]. Fox News has been the highest-ranked network on US cable television multiple times, including during the week of April 15 to 21, 2013, when it was propelled by its coverage of the Boston Marathon bombing [1]. | |
04b3bafb-49d3-438c-ba0d-09e50e6bfbf3 | Fire ants live in a variety of habitats, including open areas, wetlands, coastal dune remnants, deserts, forests, grasslands, natural forests, oak woodland, mesic forest, leaf-litter, beach margins, shrublands, alongside rail and roads, and in urban areas. They are found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, North America, and multiple Pacific Island groups. Fire ants are more aggressive than most native species, and they often attack small animals and insects. [1][2][4] They can also be found in shallow caves, which makes them a threat to species such as Texella reddelli that live in these caves. [1][3] The red fire ant produces large mounds in open areas and feeds mostly on young plants and seeds. The little fire ant has been unintentionally transported to various regions and finds refuge in large human infrastructure and greenhouses. [2][5] European fire ants are very common in meadows and gardens and consume honeydew excreted by aphids and other insects. [6] | |
1cc1d6ee-7088-4baf-aed9-e29093d0eb78 | Iain Norman Macleod died suddenly only a month after being appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in Edward Heath's government in June 1970. [3] | |
fb2274c5-ce0a-442b-887f-0b2027eec557 | Louise-Marie-Madeleine Guillaume de Fontaine was born on 28 October 1706. This information is mentioned in both contexts 1 and 2. [1] | |
e8554d56-d1c4-4322-b15c-3ed8be65d8a5 | Cherry Springs State Park became a state park in 1932 when the land where the hotel was located was purchased by the state. However, it was officially named "Cherry Springs State Park" on the 1941 Pennsylvania Department of Highways official map of Potter County [1][2] | |
58f9d5e4-fee0-4da8-b8f0-01a742acc1c8 | The casualty statistics for World War I vary, but estimates of total deaths range from 9 million to over 15 million. Military casualties reported in official sources list deaths due to all causes, including an estimated 7 to 8 million combat-related deaths [1]. It is not possible to determine an exact number of casualties due to methodological differences in how each nation recorded and classified casualties. However, it is estimated that there were 10 million non-combatant deaths, including 6.6 million civilians [3]. | |
9b184f68-ef4e-44ad-a676-a77294a7c171 | They landed on Sword Beach near La Breche d'Hermanville, in Normandy on D-Day [1]. | |
d0c44387-05ae-4a63-93f3-77d4fab51a88 | The activity theory was created by Robert J. Havighurst in 1961 [1]. | |
fc51b0d9-d8ac-49e1-9e61-44a62e47549e | Yes, Carthage really had elephants in their army [1][2][5][6][7]. They used North African elephants, which were now extinct and probably a subspecies of the African forest elephant, and Indian elephants as shock troops. An army could field up to several hundred of these animals, but on most reported occasions, fewer than a hundred were deployed. The riders of these elephants were armed with a spike and hammer to kill the elephants, in case they charged toward their own army [1]. The elephants were ridden by specially trained riders, some of whom may have come from ancient India or Syria [5][6]. In battle, the elephants functioned as a psychological weapon, frightening the opposing men and horses into flight or creating gaps in the enemy line that could be exploited by Carthaginian cavalry and infantry [7]. There is also evidence that Carthaginian war elephants were furnished with turrets and howdahs in certain military contexts [2][7] | |
c5201012-0b22-43f4-9455-3971d5a15c8b | According to the given contexts, Dragoon can mean multiple things. 1. In a fictional context, Dragoon is the last of the Dragon Knights, an elite group of spear-carrying warriors who attack by jumping high in the air and coming down on their opponents. [1] 2. In a historical context, Dragoon is occasionally used as a verb to mean to subjugate or persecute by the imposition of troops; and by extension to compel by any violent measures or threats. [2] 3. In a military context, early dragoons were not organized in squadrons or troops as were cavalry, but in companies like the infantry. Dragoons were a useful arm, especially when employed for "internal security" against smugglers or civil unrest, and on line of communication security duties. [3] | |
ad58fc9b-926b-4612-9e04-5b672c26b372 | Yes, the Dan Le Batard Show still airs. Le Batard hosts a daily radio show with Jon "Stugotz" Weiner that originates from WAXY in Miami and is carried nationally on ESPN Radio. [1] |
End of preview. Expand
in Data Studio
HAGRID (Human-in-the-loop Attributable Generative Retrieval for Information-seeking Dataset)is a dataset for generative information-seeking scenarios. It consists of queriesalong with a set of manually labelled relevant passages
Task category | t2t |
Domains | Encyclopaedic, Written |
Reference | https://github.com/project-miracl/hagrid |
How to evaluate on this task
You can evaluate an embedding model on this dataset using the following code:
import mteb
task = mteb.get_tasks(["HagridRetrieval"])
evaluator = mteb.MTEB(task)
model = mteb.get_model(YOUR_MODEL)
evaluator.run(model)
To learn more about how to run models on mteb
task check out the GitHub repitory.
Citation
If you use this dataset, please cite the dataset as well as mteb, as this dataset likely includes additional processing as a part of the MMTEB Contribution.
@article{hagrid,
author = {Ehsan Kamalloo and Aref Jafari and Xinyu Zhang and Nandan Thakur and Jimmy Lin},
journal = {arXiv:2307.16883},
title = {{HAGRID}: A Human-LLM Collaborative Dataset for Generative Information-Seeking with Attribution},
year = {2023},
}
@article{enevoldsen2025mmtebmassivemultilingualtext,
title={MMTEB: Massive Multilingual Text Embedding Benchmark},
author={Kenneth Enevoldsen and Isaac Chung and Imene Kerboua and Márton Kardos and Ashwin Mathur and David Stap and Jay Gala and Wissam Siblini and Dominik Krzemiński and Genta Indra Winata and Saba Sturua and Saiteja Utpala and Mathieu Ciancone and Marion Schaeffer and Gabriel Sequeira and Diganta Misra and Shreeya Dhakal and Jonathan Rystrøm and Roman Solomatin and Ömer Çağatan and Akash Kundu and Martin Bernstorff and Shitao Xiao and Akshita Sukhlecha and Bhavish Pahwa and Rafał Poświata and Kranthi Kiran GV and Shawon Ashraf and Daniel Auras and Björn Plüster and Jan Philipp Harries and Loïc Magne and Isabelle Mohr and Mariya Hendriksen and Dawei Zhu and Hippolyte Gisserot-Boukhlef and Tom Aarsen and Jan Kostkan and Konrad Wojtasik and Taemin Lee and Marek Šuppa and Crystina Zhang and Roberta Rocca and Mohammed Hamdy and Andrianos Michail and John Yang and Manuel Faysse and Aleksei Vatolin and Nandan Thakur and Manan Dey and Dipam Vasani and Pranjal Chitale and Simone Tedeschi and Nguyen Tai and Artem Snegirev and Michael Günther and Mengzhou Xia and Weijia Shi and Xing Han Lù and Jordan Clive and Gayatri Krishnakumar and Anna Maksimova and Silvan Wehrli and Maria Tikhonova and Henil Panchal and Aleksandr Abramov and Malte Ostendorff and Zheng Liu and Simon Clematide and Lester James Miranda and Alena Fenogenova and Guangyu Song and Ruqiya Bin Safi and Wen-Ding Li and Alessia Borghini and Federico Cassano and Hongjin Su and Jimmy Lin and Howard Yen and Lasse Hansen and Sara Hooker and Chenghao Xiao and Vaibhav Adlakha and Orion Weller and Siva Reddy and Niklas Muennighoff},
publisher = {arXiv},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.13595},
year={2025},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13595},
doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2502.13595},
}
@article{muennighoff2022mteb,
author = {Muennighoff, Niklas and Tazi, Nouamane and Magne, Lo{\"\i}c and Reimers, Nils},
title = {MTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmark},
publisher = {arXiv},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.07316},
year = {2022}
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.07316},
doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2210.07316},
}
Dataset Statistics
Dataset Statistics
The following code contains the descriptive statistics from the task. These can also be obtained using:
import mteb
task = mteb.get_task("HagridRetrieval")
desc_stats = task.metadata.descriptive_stats
{
"dev": {
"num_samples": 992,
"number_of_characters": 133142,
"num_documents": 496,
"min_document_length": 27,
"average_document_length": 228.36693548387098,
"max_document_length": 1205,
"unique_documents": 496,
"num_queries": 496,
"min_query_length": 16,
"average_query_length": 40.064516129032256,
"max_query_length": 122,
"unique_queries": 496,
"none_queries": 0,
"num_relevant_docs": 496,
"min_relevant_docs_per_query": 1,
"average_relevant_docs_per_query": 1.0,
"max_relevant_docs_per_query": 1,
"unique_relevant_docs": 496,
"num_instructions": null,
"min_instruction_length": null,
"average_instruction_length": null,
"max_instruction_length": null,
"unique_instructions": null,
"num_top_ranked": null,
"min_top_ranked_per_query": null,
"average_top_ranked_per_query": null,
"max_top_ranked_per_query": null
}
}
This dataset card was automatically generated using MTEB
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