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{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_978 | sucralfate | https://youtu.be/aDKgs5qyC_Y?si=znt6Jw6pKIO_5lYT | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antacid",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-pump_inhibitor",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H2_receptor_antagonist",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perforated_ulcer"
],
"rationale": "The dark, oblong-shaped pellets accumulating in the stomach suggest a medication that acts locally to treat ulcers. This aligns with sucralfate, which binds to ulcer sites in an acidic environment",
"subject": "Pharmacy",
"textbook": "The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13th Edition (Laurence L. Brunton, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Pharmacy/32.mp4 | What is the most likely drug shown in the video? | videos/Pharmacy/32.mp4 |
{
"A": "myasthenia gravis",
"B": "Corneal Ulcer",
"C": "Optic Neuritis",
"D": "glaucoma",
"E": "iridocyclitis"
} | multiple-choice | validation_933 | A | https://youtu.be/jwy41Q6A2rU?si=zinbHGICByKSpCYE | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myasthenia_gravis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromuscular_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocular_myasthenia",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptosis_(eyelid)"
],
"rationale": "The video shows that it is an eye-related disease, and through the drooping eyelids, it can be determined that it is not an eyeball-related disease. Subsequently, the experimenter changed the patient's muscle movement by administering medication, and it was identified as a muscle-related disease. Therefore, it is myasthenia gravis.",
"subject": "Basic Medicine",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Basic_Medicine/26.mp4 | Based on the content in the video, guess what disease the patient is most likely to suffer from | videos/Basic_Medicine/26.mp4 |
{
"A": "Patch Test",
"B": "Intravenous Injection",
"C": "Intradermal Test",
"D": "Skin Prick Test",
"E": "ImmunoCAP"
} | multiple-choice | validation_859 | D | https://youtu.be/M_qeE5BsynY?si=1myMdPmZGW_iB2_z | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_allergy_test",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy_test"
],
"rationale": "The video exactly illustrates the entire process of the skin prick test.",
"subject": "Pharmacy",
"textbook": "The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13th Edition (Laurence L. Brunton, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Pharmacy/26.mp4 | What is shown in the video? | videos/Pharmacy/26.mp4 |
{
"A": "Separate Chaining using Linked Lists",
"B": "Open Addressing with Linear Probing",
"C": "Open Addressing with Quadratic Probing",
"D": "Cuckoo Hashing",
"E": "Open Addressing with Double Hashing"
} | multiple-choice | validation_916 | E | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBP3JVnPBuM | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_hashing",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_addressing"
],
"rationale": "In video, the random distribution of red squares suggests a uniform spread of collisions, aligning with double hashing's approach to minimize clustering",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/45.mp4 | Considering that red squares represent collision events or special handling during insertions, which collision resolution strategy in hashing is most likely being illustrated in the video? | videos/Computer_Science/45.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_127 | blue | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaZWMRgUVLg | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_channel",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_channel",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrodotoxin",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_channel"
],
"rationale": "In the video, the blue channel allows blue ions to flow into the cell, indicating that the blue protein is a sodium ion channel protein. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) blocks sodium ion (NaвЃ? currents in neurons while allowing potassium ion (KвЃ? currents to pass. Therefore, tetrodotoxin interacts with the blue protein.",
"subject": "Neurobiology",
"textbook": "Neuroscience, 6th Edition (Dale Purves, George Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/5.mp4 | In the video, the movement of molecules across the membrane represents the process of ions passing through a channel. Tetrodotoxin specifically binds to the _____(color) protein. | videos/Neurobiology/5.mp4 |
{
"A": "mRNA transcript",
"B": "tRNA",
"C": "ribosome",
"D": "DNA polymerase",
"E": "amino acid"
} | multiple-choice | validation_608 | D | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCp9IK6iBTo | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_polymerase",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_RNA",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosome"
],
"rationale": "The ribosome is at work. The video reveals how the ribosome moves along the mRNA molecule, capturing matching tRNA molecules and using them to connect amino acids into the protein chain. Messenger RNA specifies the sequence of amino acids. The video shows the ribosome along an mRNA molecule, with three tRNA molecules at different stages of capture and release. Portions of genetic information in DNA are transcribed into closely related polymer mRNA molecules. These genes in turn guide the synthesis of protein molecules through a more complex translation mechanism, which includes a large multicomponent machine, the ribosome, which is itself composed of RNA and proteins.",
"subject": "Biology",
"textbook": "The Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th Edition (Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, Walter)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biology/5.mp4 | In this video, what type of molecular is NOT referred to be involved in the process? | videos/Biology/5.mp4 |
{
"A": "Find the center of the circumscribed circle of the object",
"B": "Measure the area of the object's surface",
"C": "Determine the volume of the object",
"D": "Find the center of the inscribed circle of the object",
"E": "Find the center of gravity of the object"
} | multiple-choice | validation_856 | E | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-q4T-RCaCm4 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_mechanics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_(mechanics)"
],
"rationale": "The person determines the map's center of gravity by suspending it from various points and using a plumb line to mark lines that represent the line of action of gravity. This process results in intersecting lines that converge at a single point, identifying the center of gravity. The intersecting lines indicate the map's center of orientation for balance.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/30.mp4 | What is the purpose of the experiment in the video? | videos/Mechanical_Engineering/30.mp4 |
{
"A": "Genome Editing",
"B": "Radiation therapy",
"C": "Chemotherapy",
"D": "Active immunization",
"E": "Stem cell therapy"
} | multiple-choice | validation_260 | D | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6ioHoI-VZ4 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_immune_system",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_cell",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination"
],
"rationale": "The video begins with an animation showing red and white blood cells flowing through a vein and then transitions to a close-up shot of a young girl being vaccinated with the help of a doctor. Immunization is the artificial development of immunity by inducing certain effector functions of the immune system. Active immunization occurs when inactivated, nontoxic, or modified pathogens are introduced into the body in order to create immunity to an active virulent pathogen in the form of B and T cell memory. These memory cells readily attack the pathogen whenever an infection occurs. Active immunization inoculation is also known as vaccination.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Fundamentals and Advances in Medical Biotechnology (John A. Rudge, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/2.mp4 | What kind of medical technology is reflected in the video? | videos/Biomedical_Engineering/2.mp4 |
{
"A": "1, 3",
"B": "1, 2, 5",
"C": "1, 4, 6, 7",
"D": "2, 5, 7, 8",
"E": "2, 3, 6"
} | multiple-choice | validation_147 | C | https://youtu.be/1MGBapRPzqE?si=cVqfqt0yUMqtpN26 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_number",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positional_notation"
],
"rationale": "Converting decimal 150 to binary using successive subtraction yields the binary number 10010110. This process involves writing '1' for the place values 128, 16, 4, and 2 because each of these values, when subtracted sequentially from 150, results in non-negative remainders. Therefore, the set of bits corresponding to these place values is set to '1'.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications, 7th Edition (Allan R. Hambley)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/2.mp4 | Using the method demonstrated in the video, if the number to be processed is 150, which position in the video (from left to right) should be 1? | videos/Electrical_Engineering/2.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_810 | Hemoglobin | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69-1viFsxVE | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_coagulation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_saturation_(medicine)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodynamic_therapy"
],
"rationale": "The Navilas laser system operates at 577 nm, targeting the absorption peak of hemoglobin in the retina. This wavelength enables selective photocoagulation of abnormal blood vessels, minimizing damage to surrounding tissues",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Fundamentals and Advances in Medical Biotechnology (John A. Rudge, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/21.mp4 | The system in the video operates at a specific wavelength magnitude because it targets the absorption peak of ______. | videos/Biomedical_Engineering/21.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_635 | invitation to treat | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TT_85PW6OiE | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partridge_v_Crittenden",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_advertising",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invitation_to_treat",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offer_and_acceptance"
],
"rationale": "The Cadbury Dairy Milk video is an advertisement, which legally functions as an invitation to treat. According to the legal principle from *Partridge v Crittenden* (1968), advertisements do not constitute offers but rather invite potential customers to make offers to purchase the product.",
"subject": "Law",
"textbook": "Contract Law (Chris Turner)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Law/8.mp4 | Legally, the video functions as a(n) _________, according to the principle in *Partridge v Crittenden* (1968). | videos/Law/8.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_972 | thrombocytopenia | https://youtu.be/SZdGiUwJyx4?si=FjJ82uKz72YimePt | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombocytopenia",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentistry",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiarrhythmic_agent",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinidine"
],
"rationale": "It is clearly visible that Plasmodium is present, indicating that the disease shown in the video is malaria. Quinidine, an antiarrhythmic drug derived from the cinchona tree, has historically been used to treat malaria by targeting Plasmodium species. A known side effect of quinidine is thrombocytopenia, a condition that increases bleeding risk, which is a significant concern for dentists during procedures due to the heightened potential for excessive bleeding.",
"subject": "Dentistry",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Pharmacy/3.mp4 | A medication used to treat arrhythmias, which has historically also been used to treat the disease shown in the video, may cause __________, increasing surgical risks in dental procedures. | videos/Pharmacy/3.mp4 |
{
"A": "The introduced stick causes the hair strands to be grounded; upon contact, the hair strands discharge and revert to their original position.",
"B": "The electric field from the stick ionizes the air around the hair strands, allowing electrons to transfer and reverse the charge on the hairs, causing temporary attraction.",
"C": "The presence of the stick enhances the electric field around the wig, increasing the electrostatic forces and causing the hair strands to be momentarily attracted before repelling again.",
"D": "The hair strands are attracted to the stick because it emits charges opposite to those on the hairs, and upon balancing the charges, the hairs return to their prior position.",
"E": "The stick causes a redistribution of charges within the hair strands, leading to dipole formation that results in temporary attraction followed by repulsion when the dipoles diminish."
} | multiple-choice | validation_593 | A | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtldfxKipJk&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=23 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_de_Graaff_generator",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_electricity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_(electricity)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge"
],
"rationale": "The behavior of hair strands in the Van de Graaff generator demonstration is best explained by electrostatic induction (Option A). The grounded object induces opposite charges, attracting the charged strands, which then discharge partially, reducing repulsion. Elastic forces and gravity help strands return to their position after partial neutralization. Other options incorrectly describe complete neutralization, air ionization, or charge emission.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/22.mp4 | Which of the following best explains the behavior of the hair strands when the stick held in the hand is introduced? | videos/Electrical_Engineering/22.mp4 |
{
"A": "The speedometer will read a higher speed than the actual speed because the larger wheels cause the cable to rotate faster.",
"B": "The speedometer will display the same speed as before, but the actual vehicle speed will be higher for the same reading due to the increased wheel circumference.",
"C": "The speedometer will automatically adjust and display the correct speed despite the wheel size change.",
"D": "The speedometer will malfunction because the larger wheels disrupt the magnetic interaction within the speedometer.",
"E": "The speedometer will read zero because the increased wheel size disengages the speedometer cable."
} | multiple-choice | validation_994 | B | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWWBo9NF3wo | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speedometer",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_current"
],
"rationale": "Increasing wheel diameter without adjusting the speedometer configuration results in the speedometer displaying the same speed, while the vehicle's actual speed increases. This occurs because the speedometer measures the wheel's RPM, not the linear distance traveled, which increases due to the larger wheel circumference. Thus, the vehicle moves faster than what the speedometer indicates.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Industrial Automation: An Engineering Approach"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/36.mp4 | If a vehicle's wheel diameter is increased without altering the speedometer configuration, how does this modification affect the speedometer reading and why? | videos/Mechanical_Engineering/36.mp4 |
{
"A": "Fibrillar Collagen III",
"B": "Elastin",
"C": "Fibrillar Collagen I",
"D": "Fibronectin",
"E": "Basement Membrane Collagen IV"
} | multiple-choice | validation_285 | C | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_v_UzVgFDE | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_disorder",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsically_disordered_proteins",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteogenesis_imperfecta"
],
"rationale": "The video shows osteogenesis imperfecta, which is associated with abnormalities in fibrillar collagen I. The corresponding correct option is C.",
"subject": "Basic Medicine",
"textbook": "Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition (Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson D. Fausto)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Basic_Medicine/7.mp4 | Which of the following proteins is related to the demonstrated disease? | videos/Basic_Medicine/7.mp4 |
{
"A": "When the button is pressed, air flow is generated, and the air pressure causes the iron block to move upward.",
"B": "After pressing the button, there is a mechanical device that pulls the iron block upward.",
"C": "When the button is pressed, a magnetic field is formed, and the iron block moves upward due to the magnetic force.",
"D": "After pressing the button, an electric current is generated to generate heat. The rope is heat-shrinkable and shortens to pull the iron block upward.",
"E": "After pressing the button, a magnetic field is generated, and the rope is pulled by the force of the magnetic field to move the iron block."
} | multiple-choice | validation_554 | D | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XsfwVRBZXkI&t=15s | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_expansion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat-shrink_tubing",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule_heating"
],
"rationale": "After the experimenter presses the button in the video, the ammeter shows a deflection, indicating that current is generated in the rope. Based on the thermal effect of the current, the rope heats up, leading to the conclusion that the rope has thermal shrinkage properties; it shrinks when heated, pulling the iron block upward. Therefore, the correct option is D.",
"subject": "Thermodynamics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Thermodynamics/6.mp4 | Why does the iron block in the video rise? | videos/Thermodynamics/6.mp4 |
{
"A": "s' = s",
"B": "s' = s/2",
"C": "s' = s/sqrt{2}",
"D": "s' = 2s",
"E": "s' = s*sqrt{2}"
} | multiple-choice | validation_467 | C | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lYl6uLNT9vc | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_(physics)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_moment",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern%E2%80%93Gerlach_experiment",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics"
],
"rationale": "In the Stern-Gerlach experiment, increasing electron speed by a factor of sqrt(2) changes the beam separation s proportionally. Given s = k * (B' * L) / v, the new separation s' is calculated as s / sqrt(2), indicating the distance between the beams decreases. This corresponds to option C 's' = s/sqrt{2}'.",
"subject": "Modern Physics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 3 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Modern_Physics/6.mp4 | In the experiment shown in the video, suppose the distance between the two rows of balls is s. If the speed of the balls v increases to sqrt(2) times the original speed, how will the distance between the two rows of balls, s’, change? | videos/Modern_Physics/6.mp4 |
{
"A": "6",
"B": "4",
"C": "5",
"D": "3",
"E": "7"
} | multiple-choice | validation_276 | C | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VbTnLV8plU | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search_tree",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVL_tree",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_rotation"
],
"rationale": "A left rotation is performed around a node x (which we'll call the pivot node) when its right child y is too tall. The goal is to make y the new root of the subtree, pushing x to the left, thus rebalancing the heights of the subtrees. So there is 5 times of left rotation.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/14.mp4 | How many left-rotations are there in the video? | videos/Computer_Science/14.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_55 | Faraday Cage | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FpfMdC_mCok&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=6 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday_cage",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_shielding",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation"
],
"rationale": "The video demonstrates a flip phone placed inside a metal wire mesh cage, functioning as a Faraday cage. This setup blocks electromagnetic signals, preventing the phone from sending or receiving communications by shielding it from external electric fields and electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves used for cellular network communication.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/5.mp4 | In the video, the phone is placed into a framework, which acts as a _________. | videos/Electromagnetism/5.mp4 |
{
"A": "Influenza virus",
"B": "HCV",
"C": "HAV",
"D": "HBV",
"E": "HIV"
} | multiple-choice | validation_61 | C | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSoUH2s0eio | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_A",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen_transmission",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virology",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fecal%E2%80%93oral_route"
],
"rationale": "The animation shows the transmission process of the fecal-oral route, and among the six options, only HAV is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, which matches option C.",
"subject": "Preventive Medicine",
"textbook": "Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 15th Edition (Robert B. Wallace, John M. Last, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Preventive_Medicine/1.mp4 | Which of the following viruses is transmitted by the method shown in the video? | videos/Preventive_Medicine/1.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_839 | camouflage (crypsis) | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0IoZ3X3RcA | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aposematism",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camouflage",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-predator_adaptation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_coloration",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopod"
],
"rationale": "The octopus in the video employs camouflage as its antipredator strategy. Unlike aposematism, where animals use conspicuous colors to warn predators, the octopus blends in with its environment, matching its skin texture to the coral to avoid detection. This strategy helps the octopus remain hidden from potential predators by using its ability to mimic its surroundings.",
"subject": "Biology",
"textbook": "The Economy of Nature, 7th Edition (Robert E. Ricklefs)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biology/9.mp4 | The animal in the video employs the antipredator strategy known as **________**. | videos/Biology/9.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_425 | rockfall | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNC6-8zJwAE | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorphology",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion_control",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockfall",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_wasting"
],
"rationale": "The large gray rocks at the base of the steep mountainside in the video are likely due to the mass movement process known as 'rockfall'. This involves rock fragments detaching and falling down the slope, as observed from the steep, sheer rock face in the video and supported by civil engineering knowledge of mass movement processes.",
"subject": "Civil Engineering",
"textbook": "Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, 9th Edition (Braja M. Das)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/12.mp4 | Based on the scenes and environment shown in the video, the most likely geological hazard these vehicles may encounter is ______. | videos/Civil_Engineering/12.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_82 | 150 µV | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDWRxLcvCUo | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_density_function"
],
"rationale": "The video shows the changes of the screen of the Keysight 34461A 6 1/2-digit digital multimeter, which displays a histogram of voltage readings. The standard deviation of the voltage measurements is approximately 150 microvolts. This is calculated by estimating the mean voltage at 450 ВµV and using the data range and a Gaussian distribution property, where 4.3% of the data lies beyond В±1.7 standard deviations. The standard deviation, Пѓ, is then derived as Пѓ в‰?150 ВµV.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/0.mp4 | the standard deviation of the voltage measurements is approximately _____ microvolts | videos/Electronics_and_Communication/0.mp4 |
{
"A": "Polysemy",
"B": "Synonymy",
"C": "Antonymy",
"D": "Metonymy",
"E": "Homophones"
} | multiple-choice | validation_620 | A | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROiLVF6ty-0&t=640s | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metonymy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homonym",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_sense",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homophone",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysemy"
],
"rationale": "The words 'table' and 'hours' in the flashcards demonstrate polysemy, as each word has multiple related meanings. 'Table' is both a piece of furniture and a way to organize data, while 'hours' refers to a time unit and the concept of time. Thus, the literary device exemplified is polysemy, making option A correct.",
"subject": "Literature",
"textbook": "An Introduction to Language, 11th Edition (Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, Nina Hyams)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Literature/6.mp4 | Based on the two flashcards shown in the video, which literary device is exemplified by the words and images presented? | videos/Literature/6.mp4 |
{
"A": "Symmetry",
"B": "Redundancy",
"C": "Latency",
"D": "Specificity",
"E": "Scalability"
} | multiple-choice | validation_787 | E | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWIPkxEnE3Q | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Architecture_Board",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_communication",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalability"
],
"rationale": "The video shows animations of network connections in some scenarios and the security risks they pose. The digital communication is applied to the Internet, connecting multiple identical types of devices (desktop and smartphone), where their performance does not affect each other, showcasing the scalability of the network",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/19.mp4 | Which characteristic of digital communication is shown in the video? | videos/Electronics_and_Communication/19.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_2 | Depth-First Search (DFS) | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_mdF7LKKeI | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth-first_search",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_traversal",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_traversal"
],
"rationale": "In the video, the traversal starts from the root node and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking, which aligns with the characteristics of DFS; therefore, the algorithm used is DFS.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Algorithms, 4th Edition (Robert Sedgewick, Kevin Wayne)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/0.mp4 | What is the algorithm used in the video? | videos/Computer_Science/0.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_753 | differential weathering | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vftjQQUMewc | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological_formation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom_rock",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weathering"
],
"rationale": "The mushroom rock formation in the video results from differential weathering, where varying erosion rates, due to differences in rock hardness or resistance, shape the rock unusually. This process illustrates how mechanical and chemical weathering break down rock at uneven rates, leading to distinct formations.",
"subject": "Civil Engineering",
"textbook": "Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, 9th Edition (Braja M. Das)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/25.mp4 | In the video, the process responsible for forming the rock shown in the video is called **__________ weathering**. | videos/Civil_Engineering/25.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_7 | High-pass filter | ERROR: type should be string, got " https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KJCUGS0jPM" | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_processing",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-pass_filter",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_filter",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_circuit"
],
"rationale": "From the video, it can be seen that the circuit processes different frequency components of the signal, filtering out low frequencies to produce a new signal. Thus, it is a High-pass filter.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/0.mp4 | What kind of filter is the circuit implemented? | videos/Electrical_Engineering/0.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_903 | 30 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=acoALifVvb8 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagnosis_of_malaria",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscope_slide",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_smear",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopy"
],
"rationale": "A 30-degree angle is crucial when preparing a blood smear slide for malaria diagnosis shown in the video. This prevents leukocytes from accumulating along the slide edges, ensuring a proper distribution of the sample. The 30-degree angle is standard practice in laboratories for creating thin blood smears, as highlighted in the instructional video and analysis provided.",
"subject": "Preventive Medicine",
"textbook": "Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 15th Edition (Robert B. Wallace, John M. Last, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Preventive_Medicine/14.mp4 | In the diagnostic preparation demonstrated in the video, considering the equipment being used, it is crucial to operate at an angle of approximately ___ degrees. | videos/Preventive_Medicine/14.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_626 | GABAergic | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuPPRLv_YSw | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABAergic",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety_disorder",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABA"
],
"rationale": "The character in video is experiencing difficulty concentrating due to anxiety, shown by sweating, inability to focus, and signs of stress. These symptoms can be linked to anxiety disorders. Modulating GABAergic inhibition, which involves enhancing the action of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, can alleviate such symptoms by reducing neuronal excitability in the central nervous system. Therefore, the missing term is 'GABAergic.'",
"subject": "Neurobiology",
"textbook": "Principles of Neurobiology (Liqun Luo)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/21.mp4 | The character's symptoms depicted in the video could be alleviated by modulating **________** inhibition. | videos/Neurobiology/21.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_51 | memory loss | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4JHGZMDSZM | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegenerative_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease"
],
"rationale": "The earliest symptom caused by degeneration in the hippocampus, as illustrated in the neurodegenerative disease video, is memory loss. This is linked to Alzheimer's Disease, where early degeneration of the hippocampus, crucial for memory formation, primarily results in memory loss, followed by disorientation and mood changes.",
"subject": "Neurobiology",
"textbook": "Principles of Neurobiology (Liqun Luo)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/2.mp4 | Based on the various manifestations of the disease shown in the video, it is clear that the main symptom in its early stages is **_______**. | videos/Neurobiology/2.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_557 | anxiety | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCCweK0YauA&t=85s | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_anxiety_disorder",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety_disorder",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomnia",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_disorder"
],
"rationale": "The video depicts a person unable to sleep due to excessive worrying, as shown by distress and thought bubbles of various stressors. This aligns with initial insomnia often caused by anxiety disorders, suggesting that the most likely underlying condition in this scenario is anxiety.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/18.mp4 | Based on the symptoms depicted in the video, what is the most likely underlying condition causing the initial insomnia? | videos/Clinical_Medicine/18.mp4 |
{
"A": "6 times increased risk",
"B": "9 times increased risk",
"C": "4.5 times increased risk",
"D": "3 times increased risk",
"E": "2 times increased risk"
} | multiple-choice | validation_310 | D | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcluhvMzpUw | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_liver_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirrhosis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_liver_disease"
],
"rationale": "The video demonstrates the effects of alcohol, high-fat foods, and medications. The overall increased risk for developing liver disease is calculated by multiplying the individual risk multipliers for high-fat food (1.5 times) and alcohol consumption (2 times), assuming independence and multiplicative effects. The calculation is 1.5 Г— 2, resulting in a 3 times increased risk.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/12.mp4 | If the consumption of high-fat foods increases the risk by 1.5 times, alcohol consumption increases the risk by 2 times, and diabetes increases the risk by 3 times, assuming these factors are independent and have a multiplicative relationship, what is the overall increased risk for liver disease development shown in the video? | videos/Clinical_Medicine/12.mp4 |
{
"A": "The electrical energy of the capacitor is converted into light energy of the bulb.",
"B": "The electrical energy stored in the battery is converted into electrical energy in the capacitor and light energy and heat loss in the bulb.",
"C": "The electrical energy of the capacitor is converted into electrical energy of the battery.",
"D": "The electrical energy stored in the battery is converted into electrical energy and heat loss in the capacitor.",
"E": "The electrical energy of the capacitor is converted into electrical energy and heat loss of the battery."
} | multiple-choice | validation_100 | B | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEGb0JVuNvY&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=16 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_energy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_network",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_transformation"
],
"rationale": "When the light bulb lights up, the power source charges the capacitor. The power supply releases electrical energy, which is converted into electrical energy in the capacitor and light energy and heat loss in the bulb.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/10.mp4 | How does the energy in the circuit in the video change? | videos/Electromagnetism/10.mp4 |
{
"A": "Spraying insecticide indoors to kill adult mosquitoes",
"B": "Implementing a vaccination program against the disease",
"C": "Distributing insect repellent creams for personal use",
"D": "Providing insecticide-treated bed nets to households",
"E": "Draining standing water to eliminate mosquito breeding sites"
} | multiple-choice | validation_848 | D | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=acoALifVvb8 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood-borne_disease",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopheles",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito_net"
],
"rationale": "The video shows the detection of malaria. Insecticide-treated bed nets are one of the most effective interventions for preventing malaria.",
"subject": "Preventive Medicine",
"textbook": "Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 15th Edition (Robert B. Wallace, John M. Last, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Preventive_Medicine/11.mp4 | Which of the following interventions would be most effective in preventing new infections? | videos/Preventive_Medicine/11.mp4 |
{
"A": "High pressure in the subtropics",
"B": "Global sea level rise",
"C": "Intensification of land desertification",
"D": "Formation of the Himalayas",
"E": "Formation of trade winds near the equator"
} | multiple-choice | validation_921 | E | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bsufq2y_FVA | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_winds",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadley_cell",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertropical_Convergence_Zone",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_circulation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolis_force"
],
"rationale": "The trade winds blow predominantly from the east near the Equator due to the Hadley cell circulation and the Coriolis effect. The Hadley cell facilitates equatorward surface airflow, which is then deflected westward by the Coriolis effect, resulting in consistent easterly winds near the Equator.",
"subject": "Geography",
"textbook": "Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation, 10th Edition (John M. Eger, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Geography/14.mp4 | Based on the phenomenon described in the video, which of the following is best explained? | videos/Geography/14.mp4 |
{
"A": "A decrease in overall consumer welfare resulting from trade diversion away from more efficient non-member producers.",
"B": "Reduction in intra-industry trade among member states as countries focus solely on their areas of absolute advantage.",
"C": "Standardization leading to a decrease in product diversity as member states eliminate overlapping industries.",
"D": "An increase in economies of scale and intensified competition, resulting in lower prices and greater product variety for consumers.",
"E": "Immediate harmonization of fiscal policies leading to the elimination of budget deficits among member states."
} | multiple-choice | validation_45 | D | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyAEbrG4vaI | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_diversion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_trade_theory",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_market",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Economic_Community",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economies_of_scale",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_integration"
],
"rationale": "The EEC's formation aimed to create a common market, enhancing economies of scale and competition, resulting in lower prices and greater product variety for consumers. This aligns with classical and modern trade theories emphasizing benefits from market expansion and specialization. Despite potential negative effects, the long-term impact is improved consumer welfare through increased efficiency and diversity.",
"subject": "Economics",
"textbook": "Macroeconomics, 9th Edition (Olivier Blanchard)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Economics/0.mp4 | From an economic perspective, given both classical and modern trade theories, which of the following is the most likely long-term effect on the countries shown in the video? | videos/Economics/0.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_976 | first-pass | https://youtu.be/ZJGNFg6ccYM?si=MS3Z0Jir3s895zee | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacokinetics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_of_administration",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_pass_effect",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transdermal_patch",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioavailability"
],
"rationale": "The healthcare professional applies lotion to the patient's skin after donning gloves and using a measuring cup, this allows drugs to be absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the skin. This bypasses first-pass metabolism, which occurs in the liver when drugs are taken orally.",
"subject": "Pharmacy",
"textbook": "The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13th Edition (Laurence L. Brunton, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Pharmacy/21.mp4 | According to the video describing the process, the drug can bypass _____ metabolism, thereby increasing its systemic bioavailability. | videos/Pharmacy/21.mp4 |
{
"A": "Law of Universal Gravitation",
"B": "Archimedes' Principle",
"C": "Pascal's Law",
"D": "Venturi's Law",
"E": "Boyle-Mariotte's Law"
} | multiple-choice | validation_136 | D | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJzTkEN07sU | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venturi_effect",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes%27_principle",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli%27s_principle",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_measurement",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_dynamics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitation"
],
"rationale": "From the video, it can be seen that the device has different glass tube radii at different positions. Over time, the liquid level at different radii also shows a situation of being pushed up and down, which corresponds to the generation of different pressures due to different thicknesses. This causes the liquid level to show different positions above and below, reflecting Venturi's Law.",
"subject": "Mechanics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 1 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/5.mp4 | What does the video describe? | videos/Mechanics/5.mp4 |
{
"A": "Not affected",
"B": "Stop flow",
"C": "Flow slower",
"D": "Flow faster",
"E": "Flow to the opposite direction"
} | multiple-choice | validation_128 | B | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaZWMRgUVLg | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_channel",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potential",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrodotoxin",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_channel"
],
"rationale": "When an action potential is generated, the permeability of the cell membrane to sodium ions increases, resulting in an influx of sodium ions, followed by an efflux of potassium ions. Therefore, it can be inferred that the blue ions in the video are sodium ions. Tetrodotoxin is a sodium channel blocker that can close the sodium channels on the cell membrane, stopping the influx of sodium ions. Therefore, the correct answer is B, which is to stop the flow.",
"subject": "Neurobiology",
"textbook": "Neuroscience, 6th Edition (Dale Purves, George Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Neurobiology/5.mp4 | Considering this video shows an action potential of a neuron, If tetrodotoxin is applied to the neuron in this video, what will happen to the blue ion? | videos/Neurobiology/5.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_605 | beta-lactam | https://youtu.be/M_qeE5BsynY?si=1myMdPmZGW_iB2_z | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side_effects_of_penicillin",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalosporin",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_allergy_test",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy_test",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92-Lactam_antibiotic"
],
"rationale": "The application of liquid drops on the skin followed by pricking suggests a skin prick test. The appearance of raised, red spots indicates a positive reaction to an allergen. The business name 'Fighting Bed Bugs Australia' implies the involvement of allergens related to insect bites or antibiotics used to treat infections caused by such bites. The knowledge point mentions 'Penicillins, Cephalosporins, and Other Lactam Antibiotics', which are known to cause allergic reactions. These antibiotics belong to the beta-lactam class.",
"subject": "Pharmacy",
"textbook": "The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13th Edition (Laurence L. Brunton, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Pharmacy/17.mp4 | Based on the video, it is undergoing a test to diagnose an allergy to which class of antibiotics? **________** | videos/Pharmacy/17.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_945 | Waning Gibbous | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQwvHn_qkBA | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_phase"
],
"rationale": "The video illustrates the process of the lunar phases changing. It shows the transition from a new moon to a full moon. According to the pattern of lunar phase changes, the next phase should be the Waning Gibbous moon.",
"subject": "Astronomy",
"textbook": "Fundations of Astrophysics (Barbara Ryden, Bradley W. Peterson)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Astronomy/6.mp4 | The next coming phase is _______. | videos/Astronomy/6.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_773 | HIV | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbduy_jbs3A&t=15s | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_helper_cell",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_transcriptase"
],
"rationale": "The video illustrates viruses attacking CD4 cells, showing their decline, which aligns with how HIV operates. HIV uses reverse transcriptase to integrate RNA into the host genome, specifically targeting and depleting CD4 cells. Hence, the virus depicted is HIV.",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 10th Edition (Adam Feather, David Randall, Mona Waterhouse, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/26.mp4 | Based on the pathological changes described in the video, the black virus is ___________. | videos/Clinical_Medicine/26.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_941 | lunar eclipse | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnZ3dogED7w | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_eclipse",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System"
],
"rationale": "At the beginning of the video, the Moon is located between the Sun and the Earth along the line connecting them. Then, the Moon orbits around the Earth until the Earth is positioned between the Sun and the Moon. At this point, the Moon appears as a full moon from the perspective of observers on Earth, and the Earth gradually blocks the sunlight reaching the Moon. The video demonstrates the typical process of a lunar eclipse.",
"subject": "Astronomy",
"textbook": "Fundations of Astrophysics (Barbara Ryden, Bradley W. Peterson)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Astronomy/5.mp4 | The video shows the process of _______ phenomenon. | videos/Astronomy/5.mp4 |
{
"A": "High-key lighting with wide depth of field to convey a cheerful atmosphere",
"B": "Handheld camera with shaky movements to increase realism",
"C": "Use of wide-angle lenses and deep focus to emphasize the environment",
"D": "Low-key lighting with shallow depth of field to create a sense of intimacy and tension",
"E": "Time-lapse photography to depict the passage of time"
} | multiple-choice | validation_613 | D | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DtwJX8ugto4 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_field",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinematography",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-key_lighting"
],
"rationale": "The film's visual style prominently uses low-key lighting with a shallow depth of field to create a dark, tense, and intimate atmosphere, consistent with the Film Noir genre. This technique emphasizes character emotions through the use of shadows and high contrast, aligning with themes of crime, power, and nostalgia. Option D best reflects these techniques.",
"subject": "Art",
"textbook": "The Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age, 5th Edition (Steven Ascher, Edward Pincus)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Art/9.mp4 | Which cinematographic technique is most prominently used to create the film's visual style? | videos/Art/9.mp4 |
{
"A": "The algorithm remains stable because swapping identical elements does not affect their relative order.",
"B": "The algorithm becomes unstable because swapping elements immediately can change the relative order of duplicate elements.",
"C": "The algorithm remains stable because it only swaps elements when a new minimum is found.",
"D": "The algorithm becomes unstable only if there are more than two duplicate elements.",
"E": "The algorithm becomes stable because immediate swaps ensure duplicate elements remain adjacent."
} | multiple-choice | validation_98 | B | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92BfuxHn2XE | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Algorithms",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_sort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_complexity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_sort"
],
"rationale": "The selection sort algorithm becomes unstable when swapping immediately on finding a new minimum, as it can change the relative order of duplicate elements. This swapping strategy affects stability, contradicting the claim that identical swaps do not alter order. Therefore, the correct statement is that the algorithm becomes unstable due to immediate swaps with duplicate values.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/3.mp4 | In the algorithm demonstrated in the video, suppose we are sorting an array of ‘n’ elements containing duplicate values. The algorithm swaps elements immediately when a new minimum is found during the inner loop, rather than waiting until the end of the pass through the unsorted portion of the array. Based on this swapping strategy, which of the following statements about the stability of the selection sort algorithm is correct? | videos/Computer_Science/3.mp4 |
{
"A": "Physiotherapy",
"B": "Chemotherapy",
"C": "Radiotherapy",
"D": "Immunotherapy",
"E": "Surgery"
} | multiple-choice | validation_758 | D | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cn-bd3LdBPk | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_immunotherapy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_treatment",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_sciences",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunotherapy"
],
"rationale": "The goals of immunotherapy are to (1) increase the efficiency of treatment, (2) establish a durable anti-tumor immune response, and (3) minimize side effects. The patient in the video uses Immunotherapy to target the destruction of cancer cells by injecting immunotherapy drugs.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Fundamentals and Advances in Medical Biotechnology (John A. Rudge, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/20.mp4 | What treatment is used in the video? | videos/Biomedical_Engineering/20.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_595 | hydrophones | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QqiNYA0KQA | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismology",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophone",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_data_acquisition",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection_seismology"
],
"rationale": "The video depicts a ship using submerged vertical components to conduct a marine survey by detecting seismic waves reflected from seabed layers. These components are hydrophones, underwater devices that convert sound waves into electrical signals, commonly used in seismic surveys for data collection about the seabed.",
"subject": "Civil Engineering",
"textbook": "Engineering Geology and Construction (Fred G. Bell)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Civil_Engineering/19.mp4 | At the beginning of the video, some sensors can be seen at the rear of the vessel. Based on the detection method shown in the video, these underwater sensors are referred to as ________. | videos/Civil_Engineering/19.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_470 | 4 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_mdF7LKKeI | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search_tree",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Algorithms",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_traversal",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_theory",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth-first_search"
],
"rationale": "During a depth-first search (DFS) starting from node '5', after visiting node '1', the traversal backtracks to node '2', continues to the right child, node '4'. Thus, the next node visited after node '1' in the DFS is node '4'.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/21.mp4 | During the implementation of the algorithm, after visiting node "1", the next node visited is node **___**. | videos/Computer_Science/21.mp4 |
{
"A": "Bubble Sort",
"B": "Merge Sort",
"C": "Insertion Sort",
"D": "Selection Sort",
"E": "Heap Sort"
} | multiple-choice | validation_25 | C | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HnQMDkUFzh4 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_sort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_sort",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merge_sort"
],
"rationale": "The video ultimately sorts these blocks in ascending order, thus it is clearly a sorting algorithm. Observing the video process, there is no need to scan the sorting process from beginning to end, and there is an obvious insertion action, which allows us to eliminate Selection Sort, indicating it is Insertion Sort.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Algorithms, 4th Edition (Robert Sedgewick, Kevin Wayne)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/2.mp4 | The algorithm demonstrated in the video is which common algorithm? | videos/Computer_Science/2.mp4 |
{
"A": "Activation of death receptors by Fas ligand (extrinsic apoptosis pathway)",
"B": "Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria activating intrinsic apoptosis pathway",
"C": "Activation of receptor-interacting protein kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3 inducing necroptosis",
"D": "Accumulation of autophagosomes due to Beclin-1 activation initiating autophagy",
"E": "Iron-dependent lipid peroxidation leading to ferroptosis"
} | multiple-choice | validation_514 | B | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZdj2Cm2tzk | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrome_c",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis"
],
"rationale": "The video depicts apoptosis through traits like cell shrinkage and DNA fragmentation. These are indicative of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Given the absence of external triggers, the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, leading to intrinsic apoptosis, is the most likely molecular event initiating the process, aligning with the observed cellular changes. Therefore, the correct option is B.",
"subject": "Basic Medicine",
"textbook": "Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition (Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson D. Fausto)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Basic_Medicine/14.mp4 | Which of the following molecular events is most likely responsible for initiating the process shown? | videos/Basic_Medicine/14.mp4 |
{
"A": "Quinidine",
"B": "Lisinopril",
"C": "Atenolol",
"D": "Ciprofloxacin",
"E": "Aspirin"
} | multiple-choice | validation_239 | A | https://youtu.be/SZdGiUwJyx4?si=FjJ82uKz72YimePt | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinchona",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiarrhythmic_agent",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinidine",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria"
],
"rationale": "Aspirin is mainly used to relieve pain and fever, but it does not have antimalarial effects. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor used to control high blood pressure and is not related to malaria treatment. Clindamycin and Atenolol are also not used to treat malaria. Quinidine can treat malaria.",
"subject": "Pharmacy",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Pharmacy/7.mp4 | Which of the following drugs can be used to treat the disease shown in the video? | videos/Pharmacy/7.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_980 | laryngoscope | https://youtu.be/8AOB2PtHfVM?si=euWzeT11MptX7SE5 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracheal_intubation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airway_management",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngoscopy"
],
"rationale": "During preparation for general anesthesia shown in the video, a laryngoscope aids in endotracheal intubation to secure the airway",
"subject": "Clinical Medicine",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Clinical_Medicine/34.mp4 | In the clinical procedure shown in the video, the black instrument held by the doctor is a ______. | videos/Clinical_Medicine/34.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_623 | topological sort | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSXDdQaVFD4 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed_acyclic_graph",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_sorting",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_theory"
],
"rationale": "The ordering technique used to process nodes in a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is called a 'topological sort'. It involves assigning distances to nodes and processing them in a 'WORK LIST' while respecting the graph's structure. This method ensures correct shortest path calculations. Therefore, the answer to the question is 'topological sort'.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/32.mp4 | The ordering technique in the video is called a ________. | videos/Computer_Science/32.mp4 |
{
"A": "Precision and stability",
"B": "Linearity and sensitivity",
"C": "Accuracy and precision",
"D": "Accuracy and sensitivity",
"E": "Stability and resolution"
} | multiple-choice | validation_252 | C | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtf6hV2PX38 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_(statistics)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement_uncertainty",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement"
],
"rationale": "There are ACCURACY and PRECISION measurement characteristics as can be seen in the video of how the target hits after shooting.",
"subject": "Mechanics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 1 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/9.mp4 | What measurement features are shown in the video? | videos/Mechanics/9.mp4 |
{
"A": "First remain unchanged then decrease",
"B": "Both times decreased",
"C": "First decrease and then increase",
"D": "Both times increased",
"E": "First increase and then decrease"
} | multiple-choice | validation_662 | B | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDshiu5um9g | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_(device)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooke%27s_law",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_springs"
],
"rationale": "In the video, a total of three experiments were conducted, the length of the ruler extending beyond the table keep increasing in the subsequent experiments, so the equivalent spring constant decreased both times.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/23.mp4 | How does the equivalent spring constant of the single-degree-of-freedom system shown in the video change? | videos/Mechanical_Engineering/23.mp4 |
{
"A": "An open-loop control system utilizing preset mechanical adjustments.",
"B": "A gyroscopic stabilization system based on conservation of angular momentum.",
"C": "A hydraulic system with fixed flow rates designed for average sea conditions.",
"D": "A mechanical counterweight system that balances the gangway using weights.",
"E": "An active closed-loop control system incorporating sensors, real-time data processing, and actuators to counteract vessel motion."
} | multiple-choice | validation_171 | E | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_xdLnImq2rI | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedback",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_machinery"
],
"rationale": "The gangway system in the video requires real-time motion compensation in a dynamic maritime environment for personnel safety. An active closed-loop control system with sensors, real-time data processing, and actuators effectively counters vessel motion. Options such as open-loop, passive, or non-responsive systems are inadequate, highlighting Option E as the ideal choice for precision stabilization.",
"subject": "Mechanics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 1 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/6.mp4 | Based on the video, which of the following types of control systems is most likely employed to achieve the motion compensation for the gangway? | videos/Mechanics/6.mp4 |
{
"A": "Differences in the political environment in various places",
"B": "Different levels of education",
"C": "The level of economic development",
"D": "The perfection of transportation infrastructure",
"E": "The coverage rate of social media"
} | multiple-choice | validation_408 | A | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyCTuONeBf0 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pride_parade",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_sociology",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_ecology",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region"
],
"rationale": "Let's analyze each option: Option A, the political environment in different cities directly affects the manifestations and participation in pride marches. In some places, pro-sexual minority laws and policies provide safeguards for marches, while in others they may face restrictions and repression. Option B has a limited impact on the level of education; Option C is related to economic development but has a secondary impact on marches; Option D's transportation infrastructure is more distantly related to marches; option E's social media coverage affects communication but does not determine march performance. Therefore, the correct option is A.",
"subject": "Geography",
"textbook": "Human Geography, 12th Edition (Erin H. Fouberg, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Geography/8.mp4 | In different cities, the form of expression and participation of the this movement in video vary greatly. What factors are mainly affected by this difference? | videos/Geography/8.mp4 |
{
"A": "0",
"B": "1",
"C": "2",
"D": "3",
"E": "4"
} | multiple-choice | validation_993 | A | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozo0-lx_PMA | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_paper_scissors",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_robot",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_vision",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tie_(draw)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_theory"
],
"rationale": "In the Rock-Paper-Scissors game shown in the video, there are 7 rounds in total and there is no tie round in the entire process.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Industrial Robotics Control: Mathematical Models, Software Architecture, and Electronics Design (Fabrizio Frigeni)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/35.mp4 | How many rounds ended in a tie? | videos/Mechanical_Engineering/35.mp4 |
{
"A": "The wig gets electric charge from the spherical shell, and different hair strands with the same electric charge repel each other.",
"B": "The wig gets electric charges through friction, and different hair strands with the same charge repel each other.",
"C": "The strong wind in the environment blows the wig into this shape.",
"D": "Too dry air causes the electrons in the wig to transfer into the air.",
"E": "Charge transfer occurs between different hair strands of the wig, and different hair strands carry different charges."
} | multiple-choice | validation_592 | A | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtldfxKipJk&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=23 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_electricity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%27s_law"
],
"rationale": "This phenomenon is caused by the accumulation of charges of the same polarity on the wig. The wig obtains electric charge from the spherical shell, and different hair strands with the same electric charge repel each other, resulting in the observed effect. Therefore, the option A is correct.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/22.mp4 | Why does the wig appear as shown in the video? | videos/Electrical_Engineering/22.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_701 | 2 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2SoqSljyCQ | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_(abstract_data_type)"
],
"rationale": "In the depicted B-tree, nodes split upon inserting a third key, indicating a maximum of 2 keys per node. Applying the formula for maximum keys (2t - 1), it calculates the minimum degree t as 2",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/38.mp4 | The minimum degree t of the shown data stucture is ______. | videos/Computer_Science/38.mp4 |
{
"A": "No",
"B": "Liability may vary depending on jurisdictional views on force majeure.",
"C": "The party must prove due diligence to avoid liability.",
"D": "It depends on the specific articles of the contract.",
"E": "The party can be exempted from liability in some events in the video, but not in other events."
} | multiple-choice | validation_427 | A | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aj8Rmp8Tvv4 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_liability_insurance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_majeure"
],
"rationale": "The video showcases relatively severe natural disasters, which meet the criteria for force majeure. As a result, the parties are not liable for the non-performance of the contract, and option A is the correct answer.",
"subject": "Law",
"textbook": "The CISG: A new textbook for students and practitioners (Peter Huber, Alastair Mullis)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Law/5.mp4 | If the contractual obligations cannot be fulfilled due to the events showed in the video, whether the party need to bear the responsibility? | videos/Law/5.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_457 | human-machine interface | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKp2TYKNEzU | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_engineering",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_guided_vehicle",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joystick",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interface",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation"
],
"rationale": "The joystick control depicted in the video is identified as a human-machine interface, which serves as a mechanism for the operator to interact with the AGV. This aligns with mechanical engineering terminology where interfaces facilitating human control over machines are termed as human-machine interfaces. Thus, the answer is 'human-machine interface'.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Industrial Automation: An Engineering Approach"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/17.mp4 | Fill in the blank: The joystick control used in the video is an example of a ________ that allows the operator to interact with the AGV. | videos/Mechanical_Engineering/17.mp4 |
{
"A": "right",
"B": "up",
"C": "diagonally down-left",
"D": "down",
"E": "left"
} | multiple-choice | validation_454 | A | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMtclXllkbA | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snell%27s_law",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refraction"
],
"rationale": "In the video, the first object is a glass, the fifth object is water, and the sixth object is a piece of paper with a left-pointing arrow. Because of the refraction of light, the water in the glass causes the arrow to appear reversed in our sight, making it point to the right after refraction.",
"subject": "Modern Physics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 3 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Modern_Physics/5.mp4 | If we put the first object and the fifth object together in front of the sixth object, which direction will the arrow point we see? | videos/Modern_Physics/5.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_151 | odd | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6dW6VYXp9HM | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_wave",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Even_and_odd_functions",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_series"
],
"rationale": "In the video clip, the demonstration shows that the non-periodicity and symmetry of the square wave are used to construct a new signal. In the Fourier series of a square wave, non-zero coefficients appear only at the odd harmonics of the fundamental frequency (1st, 3rd, 5th, etc.). This is due to the symmetry of the square wave and the properties of its periodic function, where the coefficients of the even harmonics are zero.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/3.mp4 | For the first signal shown in the video, if expressed using a Fourier series, the non-zero coefficients occur only at _____ harmonics of the fundamental frequency. | videos/Electronics_and_Communication/3.mp4 |
{
"A": "Electrostatic repulsion between charged particles",
"B": "Thermal diffusion leading to particle dispersion",
"C": "Molecular self-assembly driven by non-covalent interactions",
"D": "Mechanical fragmentation due to shear forces",
"E": "Chemical decomposition through hydrolysis"
} | multiple-choice | validation_756 | C | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ec1oAQ-eoL4 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomaterial",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_self-assembly",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_protein",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-covalent_interaction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogel"
],
"rationale": "Based on the video, particles initially move randomly and then gradually clump together to form larger aggregates. This process aligns with molecular self-assembly, where non-covalent interactions like van der Waals forces lead particles to aggregate",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Biomaterials and Biopolymers (Avi Domb, Boaz Mizrahi, Shady Farah)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/19.mp4 | Which of the following phenomena is most likely being demonstrated? | videos/Biomedical_Engineering/19.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_250 | Stern-Gerlach | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVpXrbZ4bnU | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_function_collapse",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern%E2%80%93Gerlach_experiment",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_function",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_(physics)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement_in_quantum_mechanics"
],
"rationale": "The video demonstrates quantum mechanics principles as spheres' spin orientations change between red and blue blocks, mirroring the Stern-Gerlach experiment. The blocks represent a measurement device causing wave function collapse to align spins with measurement axes. This setup illustrates how observation forces spins into discrete states, similar to a Stern-Gerlach apparatus using a magnetic field.",
"subject": "Modern Physics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 3 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Modern_Physics/2.mp4 | In the video, the devices represented by the red and blue blocks resemble the apparatus used in the __________ experiment. | videos/Modern_Physics/2.mp4 |
{
"A": "Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)",
"B": "Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)",
"C": "Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)",
"D": "Hairy Cell Leukemia",
"E": "Multiple Myeloma"
} | multiple-choice | validation_904 | C | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=acoALifVvb8 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopathology",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_smear",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumors_of_the_hematopoietic_and_lymphoid_tissues"
],
"rationale": "The video shows the process of blood smear, which is the key diagnostic tool for AML",
"subject": "Preventive Medicine",
"textbook": "Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 15th Edition (Robert B. Wallace, John M. Last, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Preventive_Medicine/14.mp4 | In the laboratory technique demonstrated in the video, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | videos/Preventive_Medicine/14.mp4 |
{
"A": "The installation of early radar systems during World War II",
"B": "Guglielmo Marconi's transatlantic wireless communication experiments in the early 1900s",
"C": "The laying of the first transatlantic telegraph cable in the 1850s",
"D": "The development of microwave relay towers for telephone communication in the 1940s",
"E": "The deployment of early satellite communication ground stations in the 1960s"
} | multiple-choice | validation_324 | B | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnsyG-_YIZ0 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio"
],
"rationale": "The photos probably show Guglielmo Marconi’s transatlantic wireless experiments from the early 1900s. The black-and-white look, tall antenna towers, and tents in open fields match the setup he used to send radio signals across the Atlantic. Therefore, the video fits right in with Marconi’s work.",
"subject": "Electronics and Communication",
"textbook": "Introduction to Communication Systems (M.U. Madhow)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electronics_and_Communication/8.mp4 | Based on the photos described, which significant historical development in the field of electronics and communication do these images most likely depict? | videos/Electronics_and_Communication/8.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_439 | VII | https://youtu.be/4zQ0aiaMA7U?si=0b8Nn7v4_xHt8Jp5 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrinolysis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiplatelet_drug",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_VII",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulant"
],
"rationale": "1. **Warfarin Mechanism:** Warfarin inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase, leading to decreased activation of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X. 2. **Half-lives of Clotting Factors:** Among these factors, Factor VII has the shortest half-life (approximately 6 hours), followed by Factor IX, X, and II. 3. **Impact on Prothrombin Time (PT):** The reduction of Factor VII levels leads to an increase in PT because PT measures the extrinsic pathway, which relies on Factor VII. 4. **Initial Increase in PT:** Due to its short half-life, Factor VII is depleted more rapidly than the other factors, causing the initial prolongation of PT observed in warfarin therapy errors.",
"subject": "Pharmacy",
"textbook": "The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13th Edition (Laurence L. Brunton, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Pharmacy/13.mp4 | Based on the video, among these factors, Factor ____ has the shortest half-life . | videos/Pharmacy/13.mp4 |
{
"A": "Democratic Leadership",
"B": "Laissez-faire Leadership",
"C": "Transactional Leadership",
"D": "Transformational Leadership",
"E": "Bureaucratic Leadership"
} | multiple-choice | validation_650 | A | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-aV3qt6dKw | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_building",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_decision-making",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participatory_management",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Leadership_Council",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership_style"
],
"rationale": "The businessman demonstrates Democratic Leadership during his presentation, as indicated by active engagement and an open, collaborative environment where colleagues are attentive and prepared to contribute, corresponding to the option A.",
"subject": "Management",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Management/10.mp4 | Based on the video, which of the following leadership styles is the businessman most likely demonstrating? | videos/Management/10.mp4 |
{
"A": "Amoxicillin",
"B": "Metformin",
"C": "Simvastatin",
"D": "Diphenhydramine",
"E": "Ibuprofen"
} | multiple-choice | validation_238 | D | https://youtu.be/EL8B8hwpvYw?si=pCxmzb9B45dJ8kpy | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphenhydramine",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antihistamine",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy"
],
"rationale": "Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergic reactions, such as itching, runny nose, and rashes. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor mainly used to treat hypertension and is not related to allergic symptoms. Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve pain and inflammation but does not directly target allergic reactions. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections and is ineffective against allergic reactions.",
"subject": "Pharmacy",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Pharmacy/6.mp4 | Which of the following medications can relieve the symptoms shown in the video? | videos/Pharmacy/6.mp4 |
{
"A": "Oxidative degradation",
"B": "Molecular chain polymerization",
"C": "Enzymatic degradation",
"D": "Hydrolysis",
"E": "Bulk degradation"
} | multiple-choice | validation_498 | D | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEVMeCMtw9Y | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer_chemistry",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxylic_acid",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradable_polymer",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolysis"
],
"rationale": "Hydrolysis is the most commonly used method for biodegradable polymers. The ester bonds in the polymer chain are broken by water molecules to form hydroxyl and carboxylic acids. This process can occur under a variety of conditions, including high temperatures, acidic or alkaline pH, and in the presence of enzymes. The hydrolysis of the polymer molecular chains in the video is a Hydrolysis reaction.",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Biomaterials and Biopolymers (Avi Domb, Boaz Mizrahi, Shady Farah)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/10.mp4 | What chemical process is reflected in the video? | videos/Biomedical_Engineering/10.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_806 | Phonemic opposition | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bybqPOOg7C4 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_change",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_pair",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonology"
],
"rationale": "The sequence of words like 'book', 'brook', 'cook', and 'hook' demonstrates the concept of phonemic opposition in linguistics. This occurs when a single phoneme alteration, especially the initial consonant, leads to different word meanings. This concept is highlighted by comparing words that vary by only one sound, illustrating how phonemes can contrast to change meanings.",
"subject": "Literature",
"textbook": "An Introduction to Language, 11th Edition (Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, Nina Hyams)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Literature/9.mp4 | In the video, the sequence of word exemplifies the concept of **__________** in linguistics. | videos/Literature/9.mp4 |
{
"A": "A financial innovation method aimed at promoting homeownership for first-time buyers",
"B": "A social welfare policy mainly for low-income groups",
"C": "A government-led public housing security project",
"D": "A rental model that combines both residential and investment attributes",
"E": "An economic incentive program intended to boost short-term housing construction"
} | multiple-choice | validation_629 | D | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EfJK3EJP4Yc | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-estate_bubble",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_housing",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeonse"
],
"rationale": "South Korea's fully rented housing system is a unique way of renting a house. It not only provides tenants with a long-term and stable living environment, but also allows tenants to obtain the right to rent-free by paying a large deposit. This makes fully rented housing have both residential and investment attributes in the economy.",
"subject": "Economics",
"textbook": "Macroeconomics, 9th Edition (Olivier Blanchard)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Economics/10.mp4 | Which of the following best describes the role of the system shown in the video in the economy? | videos/Economics/10.mp4 |
{
"A": "35mm f8",
"B": "35mm f1.8",
"C": "350mm f1.8",
"D": "300mm f8",
"E": "600mm f8"
} | multiple-choice | validation_468 | B | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6dOxV0HjUA | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperture",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_field",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide-angle_lens",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grand_Budapest_Hotel"
],
"rationale": "An excerpt from the movie “The Grand Budapest Hotel�is shown in the video. The content of the excerpt focuses on close-ups of characters, so we need a wide-angle lens with a large aperture to highlight the features of the characters. The lens that fits this description is the 35mm f1.8 in option B.",
"subject": "Art",
"textbook": "The Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age, 5th Edition (Steven Ascher, Edward Pincus)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Art/6.mp4 | What kind of len is best fit for the movie showed in the image | videos/Art/6.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_343 | capacitor | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WC2sZ5iJ7gQ | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductor",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_storage",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulator_(electricity)"
],
"rationale": "The person creates a simple capacitor by layering aluminum foil (conductor) and paper (insulator), then rolling them together. This assembly forms two conductive plates separated by an insulating layer, characteristic of a capacitor. Testing the device with a multimeter likely measures capacitance, confirming it functions as a capacitor, a device storing energy in an electric field.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications, 7th Edition (Allan R. Hambley)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/14.mp4 | In the video, the experimenter constructed a simple electronic component using basic materials. This electronic component is a ____________. | videos/Electrical_Engineering/14.mp4 |
{
"A": "Decrease the overhanging length and increase the thickness of the ruler.",
"B": "Increase the overhanging length and decrease the density of the ruler's material.",
"C": "Increase the overhanging length and increase the width of the ruler.",
"D": "Increase the overhanging length and decrease the thickness of the ruler.",
"E": "Decrease the overhanging length and increase the density of the ruler's material."
} | multiple-choice | validation_664 | D | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDshiu5um9g | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibration",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatbow",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bending",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantilever"
],
"rationale": "The increase in length reduces the frequency, and the reduction in thickness raises stress by decreasing the moment of inertia. Hence, option D meets both conditions",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/23.mp4 | Which of the following modifications would decrease the first natural frequency of vibrations in the video while simultaneously increasing the maximum bending stress at the fixed end during deflection? | videos/Mechanical_Engineering/23.mp4 |
{
"A": "Refraction of light within the acrylic causing lensing effects",
"B": "Total internal reflection within the acrylic sheet",
"C": "Scattering of light by the frosted surface causing diffuse reflection",
"D": "Polarization of light due to birefringence in the acrylic",
"E": "Diffraction of light leading to an Airy pattern"
} | multiple-choice | validation_671 | E | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZ8RdkXv2Fs | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_interference",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airy_disk",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refraction"
],
"rationale": "The observed pattern of concentric rings on the frosted acrylic sheet is best explained by diffraction of light, specifically forming an Airy pattern",
"subject": "Modern Physics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 3 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Modern_Physics/10.mp4 | In the video, a red laser beam is directed onto a frosted acrylic sheet placed on a metal table. Which physical phenomenon best explains the pattern observed on the acrylic sheet? | videos/Modern_Physics/10.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_652 | electrospinning | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mA9szR_tkTM | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrospinning",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanofiber"
],
"rationale": "The process in the video uses electrostatic forces to create aligned nanofibers from polymer solutions, known as electrospinning. The use of a thin jet of material and a rotating drum collector in the NovaSpider device is consistent with electrospinning techniques",
"subject": "Materials Science",
"textbook": "Fiber-Reinforced Composites Materials, Manufacturing, and Design, 3rd Edition (P.K. Mallick)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Materials_Science/9.mp4 | The process depicted in the video, monitored in real-time by a computer, is _______. | videos/Materials_Science/9.mp4 |
{
"A": "First one",
"B": "Second one",
"C": "Third one",
"D": "None",
"E": "All"
} | multiple-choice | validation_346 | B | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQ41NF9vPiU | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanics",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%27s_laws_of_planetary_motion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areal_velocity"
],
"rationale": "The second move motion in video, shows Kepler's second law, which means the area velocities of planets are constants.",
"subject": "Mechanics",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 1 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanics/16.mp4 | Which move motion shows that the area velocities of planets are constants? | videos/Mechanics/16.mp4 |
{
"A": "Minimalism",
"B": "Art Deco",
"C": "Baroque",
"D": "Pop Art",
"E": "Impressionism"
} | multiple-choice | validation_381 | B | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxXUcze1w-Q | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grand_Budapest_Hotel",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco"
],
"rationale": "The scene's set design, characterized by vibrant colors, geometric patterns, symmetry, and a luxurious ambiance, aligns best with the Art Deco movement. This movement is known for its use of rich colors, bold geometric shapes, and lavish ornamentation, which matches the described elements more accurately than the other art movements.",
"subject": "Art",
"textbook": "The Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age, 5th Edition (Steven Ascher, Edward Pincus)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Art/4.mp4 | Which art movement is most reflected in the set design and visual style of the scene? | videos/Art/4.mp4 |
{
"A": "Ca+H2O->Ca(OH)2+H2",
"B": "Ba+H2O->Ba(OH)2+H2",
"C": "Na+H2O->NaOH+H2",
"D": "K+H2O->KOH+H2",
"E": "Mg+H2O->Mg(OH)2+H2"
} | multiple-choice | validation_493 | C | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmcfsEEogxs | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reaction"
],
"rationale": "From the video, it can be seen that the solid reacted vigorously when added to the solution, producing combustible but non-supporting combustion gases, and the solution turned into an alkaline solution. Therefore, this object is likely an alkali metal. In option A, the reaction between Ca and water produces cloudy calcium hydroxide. In option B, the barium and water reaction produces colorless barium hydroxide solution, while the phenomenon described in the video is more indicative of the properties of concentrated alkaline sodium hydroxide. Although the reaction between K and water in option D conforms to the experimental phenomenon, the reaction of K with water is very vigorous. The reaction rate of Mg and water in option E is relatively slow and does not conform to the experimental phenomenon in the question at room temperature. Therefore, the answer is C.",
"subject": "Chemistry",
"textbook": "Chemistry, 2nd Edition (Paul Flowers, Klaus Theopold, Richard Langley, William R. Robinson)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Chemistry/6.mp4 | Which of the following chemical reactions is most likely occurring when the solid is added to the solution in the video? | videos/Chemistry/6.mp4 |
{
"A": "Melanophores and neuromasts",
"B": "Iridophores and statocysts",
"C": "Photophores and hydrostatic skeleton",
"D": "Chromatophores and dermal papillae",
"E": "Melanocytes and osteoderms"
} | multiple-choice | validation_708 | D | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0IoZ3X3RcA | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopus",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camouflage",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopod",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatophore"
],
"rationale": "In the video, an octopus changes its color and texture to blend in with a coral reef, becoming lighter and developing small bumps that resemble coral polyps. The octopus uses chromatophores for rapid color changes and dermal papillae for altering skin texture",
"subject": "Biology",
"textbook": "The Economy of Nature, 7th Edition (Robert E. Ricklefs)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biology/7.mp4 | Which combination of specialized cells and structures allows the bahavior of the animal? | videos/Biology/7.mp4 |
{
"A": "Anoikis",
"B": "Necrosis",
"C": "Pyroptosis",
"D": "Apoptosis",
"E": "Autophagy"
} | multiple-choice | validation_513 | D | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZdj2Cm2tzk | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_cell_death",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_death",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoikis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferroptosis"
],
"rationale": "The morphological changes in the cell death process observed in the video indicate that this is the process of apoptosis (option D Apoptosis), specifically including cell volume shrinkage, nuclear division into nucleosome size, and intact plasma membrane.",
"subject": "Basic Medicine",
"textbook": "Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition (Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Nelson D. Fausto)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Basic_Medicine/14.mp4 | What kind of cell death process is shown in the video? | videos/Basic_Medicine/14.mp4 |
{
"A": "The capacitor charges instantaneously when the switch is closed, and the light bulb operates independently from the capacitor.",
"B": "The capacitor charges through the light bulb, which acts as a resistor, causing a gradual increase in voltage across the capacitor while the bulb lights up then goes out during the charging process.",
"C": "The capacitor discharges through the light bulb when the switch is closed, resulting in a decreasing voltage across the capacitor and causing the bulb to light up due to the discharge current.",
"D": "The capacitor and the light bulb are connected in parallel, and the capacitor charges directly from the battery without affecting the light bulb's operation.",
"E": "The capacitor charges when the switch is opened due to a sudden change in the magnetic field, and the light bulb lights up because of transient currents in the circuit."
} | multiple-choice | validation_563 | B | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEGb0JVuNvY&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=16 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor_discharge_ignition",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC_circuit"
],
"rationale": "In the electrical circuit experiment described, when the switch is closed, the light bulb turns on, and the multimeter shows an increasing voltage across the large silver cylinder (capacitor). When the switch is opened, the voltage across the capacitor decreases over time as observed on the multimeter. The observed behavior in the circuit is explained by the capacitor charging through the light bulb, which acts as a resistor. This charging process causes a gradual increase in voltage across the capacitor while the bulb lights up, as current flows through both the bulb and the capacitor. Therefore, B is the correct option.",
"subject": "Electromagnetism",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electromagnetism/24.mp4 | Which of the following best explains the behavior observed in the circuit? | videos/Electromagnetism/24.mp4 |
{
"A": "The principle that the centroid of a shape is at the intersection point of its axes of symmetry.",
"B": "The application of the Pythagorean theorem to determine distances.",
"C": "The use of torque equilibrium to balance moments about a pivot point.",
"D": "The concept that uniform objects have their center of mass at their geometric center.",
"E": "The principle that the center of gravity lies along the intersection of plumb lines from multiple suspension points."
} | multiple-choice | validation_857 | E | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-q4T-RCaCm4 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumb_bob",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centroid",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_equilibrium",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium"
],
"rationale": "The experiment utilizes the principle of suspending the map from different points and using a plumb line to trace vertical lines. The intersection of these lines determines the center of gravity of the irregular-shaped map",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/30.mp4 | Which mechanical engineering principle is being applied in this experiment? | videos/Mechanical_Engineering/30.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_781 | technical | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DehJPqwK6EY | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economies_of_scale",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_analysis"
],
"rationale": "The Sewbot automates sewing tasks, increasing production efficiency and reducing cost per unit as output rises. This reflects achieving economies of scale through technological improvements in the production process, categorized as technical economies. Automation in garment manufacturing effectively demonstrates economies of scale by leveraging technical advancements.",
"subject": "Economics",
"textbook": "Principles of Economics, 3rd Edition (David Sharpiro, Daniel Macdonald, Steven A. Greenlaw)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Economics/13.mp4 | As shown in the video, it is an example of achieving economies of scale through **_______ economies**. | videos/Economics/13.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_135 | duty cycle | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HR_T1Hc1AWQ | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic_actuator",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-width_modulation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duty_cycle",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation"
],
"rationale": "Turning the small knob adjusts the reference voltage, altering the pulse duration and thus modifying the duty cycle of the pulse train sent to the valve solenoid. This change affects the average opening of the valve, consequently impacting the flow in the pneumatic system.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Industrial Automation: An Engineering Approach"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/3.mp4 | In the pneumatic system shown in the video, turning the small knob at the upper left adjusts the reference voltage, thereby modifying the pulse train's **_____**. | videos/Mechanical_Engineering/3.mp4 |
{
"A": "O(n)",
"B": "O(logn)",
"C": "O(n^2)",
"D": "O(n^3)",
"E": "O(nlogn)"
} | multiple-choice | validation_232 | C | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cq7SMsQBEUw | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_O_notation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptotic_analysis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_complexity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_sort"
],
"rationale": "Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent elements, and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. The pass through the list is repeated until the list is sorted. The algorithm gets its name because smaller elements 'bubble' toward the beginning of the list. The video demonstrates the process of Bubble Sort. Its worst-case time complexity is O(n^2), which corresponds to choice D.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/10.mp4 | What is the worst case time complexity of this algorithm showed in the video? | videos/Computer_Science/10.mp4 |
{
"A": "They can fill irregular spaces and solidify in situ, providing a customizable fit.",
"B": "They stimulate bone growth by releasing osteoinductive factors.",
"C": "They enhance electrical conductivity for improving neural tissue regeneration.",
"D": "They provide a rigid scaffold suitable for load-bearing applications.",
"E": "They deliver sustained doses of chemotherapeutic agents to target sites."
} | multiple-choice | validation_931 | A | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmea3IUevK0 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomaterial",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogel",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_engineering",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_surgery"
],
"rationale": "The procedure in the video involves injecting an injectable hydrogel, indicated by the technique used with the needle and the purpose of skin regeneration. Hydrogels can fill irregular spaces and solidify in situ, offering a customizable fit",
"subject": "Biomedical Engineering",
"textbook": "Biomaterials and Biopolymers (Avi Domb, Boaz Mizrahi, Shady Farah)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Biomedical_Engineering/26.mp4 | Which of the following is the most significant advantage of using the injected material shown in the video? | videos/Biomedical_Engineering/26.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_426 | Act of God | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aj8Rmp8Tvv4 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_disaster",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_God",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tort"
],
"rationale": "In legal terms, natural disasters like tsunamis are classified as 'Acts of God'. This classification may limit liability under force majeure if the event is deemed unforeseeable and unavoidable, as indicated in the analysis that connected the tsunami's nature to these legal concepts.",
"subject": "Law",
"textbook": "The CISG: A new textbook for students and practitioners (Peter Huber, Alastair Mullis)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Law/5.mp4 | In legal terms, incidents like the condition depicted in the video are classified as an '____'. | videos/Law/5.mp4 |
{
"A": "Gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy due to the incline of the neck, causing the balls to roll and collide.",
"B": "The red line acts as a conductive path for electrical current, creating a magnetic field that propels the balls via electromagnetic induction.",
"C": "Elastic collisions between stationary and moving metal balls transfer kinetic energy sequentially, similar to a Newton's cradle.",
"D": "An external magnetic field applied along the neck magnetizes the balls, causing them to repel each other and propel the last ball.",
"E": "Magnetic potential energy stored in the aligned magnetic metal balls is converted into kinetic energy, accelerating the balls."
} | multiple-choice | validation_660 | E | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zL0IuRI_2Aw&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=10 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss_gun",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction"
],
"rationale": "The video shows the gauss gun, where magnetic potential energy is converted into kinetic energy through a magnetic chain reaction. This process causes the acceleration of the final ball due to magnetic forces.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/24.mp4 | Which of the following best explains the observed phenomenon in the video? | videos/Electrical_Engineering/24.mp4 |
{
"A": "Pulley",
"B": "Crank",
"C": "Gear System",
"D": "Wheel and Axle",
"E": "Lever"
} | multiple-choice | validation_995 | A | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IuEHiGHzr3U | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclined_plane",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lever",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_and_axle",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_machine",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulley"
],
"rationale": "In the video, the manual drill bit uses a crank, a wheel and axle and gear system, and a lever is used in the scissor. So pulley is not used.",
"subject": "Mechanical Engineering",
"textbook": "Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 12th Edition (Eugene A. Avallone, Theodore Baumeister III, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Mechanical_Engineering/37.mp4 | Which kind of machine structure is not used in the video? | videos/Mechanical_Engineering/37.mp4 |
{
"A": "The cyclical nature of time and history",
"B": "The blurring of reality and illusion",
"C": "The destructive pursuit of power",
"D": "The inevitable decline of human morality",
"E": "The redemptive power of love and sacrifice"
} | multiple-choice | validation_36 | B | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6P__tQ9Yyw | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrative",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperreality",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unreliable_narrator"
],
"rationale": "The analysis highlights the theme of 'The blurring of reality and illusion' as the most prominent in the narrative, evidenced by overlapping elements of reality and illusion in video game screens, manipulated environments, and the protagonist's confusion. Disjointed scenes and distorted perceptions further support this thematic conclusion.",
"subject": "Literature",
"textbook": "The Cambridge Introduction to the Novel (Marina Mackay)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Literature/0.mp4 | Based on the video description, which of the following literary themes is most prominently represented in the narrative? | videos/Literature/0.mp4 |
{
"A": "Benjamin Whorf",
"B": "Noam Chomsky",
"C": "Eric Lenneberg",
"D": "Roman Jakobson",
"E": "Ferdinand de Saussure"
} | multiple-choice | validation_545 | A | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7yyYdiNTIo | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_relativity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_determinism",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Sapir",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Lee_Whorf"
],
"rationale": "From the video, it can be seen that it is a linguist who came up with a linguistic theory about how language affects human cognition and the brain, which is clearly linguistic determinism or linguistic relativism, and therefore the person who came up with this theory is Benjamin Whorf.",
"subject": "Literature",
"textbook": "An Introduction to Language, 11th Edition (Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, Nina Hyams)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Literature/4.mp4 | The linguist in this video is the very first who came up with this theory ,who is he? | videos/Literature/4.mp4 |
{
"A": "",
"B": "",
"C": "",
"D": "",
"E": ""
} | open-ended | validation_116 | Connected Component Labeling | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8_4j-TeAKc | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_image_processing",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_traversal",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_image",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadth-first_search",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connected-component_labeling"
],
"rationale": "Breadth-first search in image processing is used for Connected Component Labeling, which identifies and labels connected regions, such as characters, in a binary image. This involves traversing adjacent pixels with shared properties, often visualized with bounding boxes and traversal paths, to distinguish individual and larger grouped regions.",
"subject": "Computer Science",
"textbook": "Introduction to Algorithms, 4th Edition (Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Computer_Science/5.mp4 | In image processing demonstrated in the video, breadth-first search can be used to perform ______ algorithm. | videos/Computer_Science/5.mp4 |
{
"A": "Recommend boiling of drinking water to prevent giardiasis transmission",
"B": "Administer post-exposure prophylaxis to individuals potentially exposed to the dog",
"C": "Initiate vector control measures to reduce mosquito populations in the area",
"D": "Conduct mass screening for brucellosis among livestock handlers",
"E": "Distribute educational materials on preventing toxoplasmosis infection"
} | multiple-choice | validation_434 | B | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTCUNn56Fpo | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-exposure_prophylaxis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabies_virus",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabies",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabies_vaccine"
],
"rationale": "The dog in the video is confined in a cage and appears very excited and restless. The most likely disease being described in the video is rabies, a disease transmitted to humans through bites or scratches from infected animals. Most cases result from bites by rabid dogs, and the fatality rate is extremely high. Among all the options, option B: \"Administer post-exposure prophylaxis to individuals potentially exposed to the dog\" is the most effective measure to prevent rabies.",
"subject": "Preventive Medicine",
"textbook": "Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 15th Edition (Robert B. Wallace, John M. Last, et al.)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Preventive_Medicine/7.mp4 | Based on the scenario depicted in the video, which of the following public health interventions is most critical? | videos/Preventive_Medicine/7.mp4 |
{
"A": "The aluminum sheet generates induced electromotive force in the changing magnetic field, it moves downward due to magnetic force and continues to fall back due to gravity.",
"B": "The aluminum sheet generates induced electromotive force in the changing magnetic field, it moves upward due to magnetic force and falls back due to gravity.",
"C": "The aluminum sheet is connected to an external power source to generate current, and is subject to magnetic force in the magnetic field to produce movement.",
"D": "There is a magnetic field inside the aluminum sheet, which is repulsed by other magnetic fields and moves upward.",
"E": "There is a magnetic field inside the aluminum sheet, which is attracted by other magnetic fields and moves upward."
} | multiple-choice | validation_390 | B | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2saaNFbJMo&list=PL_R7YJHCNd4eSlkX9YX0V4_UcWYCeMpk7&index=5 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenz%27s_law",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromotive_force",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_magnetic_field"
],
"rationale": "The LED bulb test shows that the induction cooker device can produce a changing magnetic field, so the aluminum sheet will generate an induced current in it and receive an upward force. After moving upward for a certain distance, the magnetic field will weaken and the aluminum sheet will fall back due to gravity, so the aluminum sheet will move up and down.",
"subject": "Electrical Engineering",
"textbook": "University Physics Volume 2 (Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Electrical_Engineering/15.mp4 | Which of the following statements explains the motion of the aluminum sheet in the video? | videos/Electrical_Engineering/15.mp4 |
{
"A": "Rational Persuasion",
"B": "Inspirational Appeal",
"C": "Ingratiation",
"D": "Personal Appeal",
"E": "Exchange"
} | multiple-choice | validation_751 | A | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bItQoFUO5I4 | {
"knowledge": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_proof",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision-making",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persuasion_(novel)"
],
"rationale": "The woman pointing at the document is using Rational Persuasion to influence the seated woman. This is evident from the focus on the document, suggesting logical arguments and factual evidence are being presented without emotional appeals or personal favors",
"subject": "Management",
"textbook": "Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, 7th Edition (Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti)"
} | https://huggingface.co/datasets/yale-nlp/MMVU/resolve/main/videos/Management/12.mp4 | Based on the video description, which influence tactic is the woman pointing at the document most likely using to influence the seated woman? | videos/Management/12.mp4 |
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