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). Across 26 samples (21 sponges and 5 seawater samples), 2247 OTUs (97% cut-off) were determined. After Greengenes classification, these OTUs were assigned to 33 bacterial and two archaeal phyla (Fig. 1). Pooled seawater samples showed the highest phylum richness, with 30 bacterial and two archaeal phyla identified. The observed phylum-level diversity of R. globostellata and Rhaphoxya sp. was very similar with 18 and 19 bacterial phyla, respectively, and Crenarchaeota as the archaeal phylum present in both sponge species. The main differences in bacterial composition between Rhaphoxya sp. and R. globostellatawere in the relative abundances of Cyanobacteria and Betaproteobacteria (Fig. 1). However, compared to the other three groups, these two sponges were more similar to each other at microbial phylum level. In contrast, Callyspongia sp. exhibited an association with Euryarchaeota and 24 bacterial phyla. A. cavernosa deviated slightly from the so far observed phylum richness, with only 13 bacterial phyla and Crenarchaeota (Fig. 1). Almost half of the occurring phyla were present in all five groups (e.g., Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Synergistetes, and Verrucomicrobia), but exhibited group-specific variation (Fig. 1). Hierarchical clustering based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity distances revealed group-specific clades with high between-group and low within-group dissimilarities (Fig. 1 & Fig. S2A). In addition, individual Bray-Curtis dissimilarity clustering of all five groups separated almost every sample in accordance to the sampled habitat (Figs. S2B–S2E), while subsequent multivariate analyses only confirmed significant differences between habitats for Callyspongia sp. and seawater samples (Table 3).
|Acc||Sample||Reef habitat||Total OTUs||# sequences||Average OTUs||Coverage||Invsimpson||Shannon|
|A1||A. cavernosa||Shallow slope||56||5,500||40||0.99||6.04 ± 0.69||2.32 ± 0.1|
|A2||A. cavernosa||Deep drop-off||78||7,076||50||0.99||4.04 ± 0.54||2.12 ± 0.12|
|A3||A. cavernosa||Deep drop-off||86||6,351||55||0.99||5.61 ± 0.81||2.4 ± 0.11|
|C1||Callyspongia sp.||Shallow slope||131||5,530||87||0.98||1.56 ± 0.12||1.13 ± 0.16|
|C2||Callyspongia sp.||Shallow slope||132||3,474||114||0.98||3.12 ± 0.29||1.94 ± 0.16|
|C3||Callyspongia sp.||Shallow slope||170||4,361||114||0.97||1.63 ± 0.13||1.14 ± 0.16|
|C4||Callyspongia sp.||Deep drop-off||165||5,077||117||0.98||2.02 ± 0.2||1.58 ± 0.17|
|C5||Callyspongia sp.||Deep drop-off||188||7,322||105||0.98||1.56 ± 0.12||1.1 ± 0.16|
|C6||Callyspongia sp.||Deep drop-off||133||2,387||133||0.97||2.36 ± 0.24||1.74 ± 0.17|
|C7||Callyspongia sp.||Deep drop-off||321||4,433||258||0.96||5.45 ± 0.84||3.2 ± 0.19|
|RG1||R. globostellata||Deep drop-off||206||4,917||181||0.99||62.86 ± 8.51||4.53 ± 0.08|
|RG2||R. globostellata||Deep drop-off||198||4,423||173||0.98||63.06 ± 7.14||4.47 ± 0.08|
|RG3||R. globostellata||Deep drop-off||199||3,635||183||0.98||66.03 ± 8.09||4.54 ± 0.08|
|RG4||R. globostellata||Shallow slope||205||9,488||167||0.99||37 ± 7.31||4.31 ± 0.1|
|RG5||R. globostellata||Shallow slope||206||5,803||181||0.99||64.79 ± 8.73||4.55 ± 0.08|
|RG6||R. globostellata||Shallow slope||230||10,773||177||0.99||57.45 ± 8.95||4.49 ± 0.09|
|RS1||Rhaphoxya sp.||Deep drop-off||289||6,262||214||0.97||43.3 ± 8.24||4.47 ± 0.11|
|RS2||Rhaphoxya sp.||Deep drop-off||228||7,092||172||0.98||51.53 ± 7.47||4.39 ± 0.09|
|RS3||Rhaphoxya sp.||Deep drop-off||205||4,175||181||0.98||60.78 ± 9.04||4.52 ± 0.08|
|RS4||Rhaphoxya sp.||Deep drop-off||222||7,539||177||0.99||62.81 ± 8.27||4.52 ± 0.08|
|RS5||Rhaphoxya sp.||Deep drop-off||217||9,372||169||0.99||56.58 ± 7.89||4.44 ± 0.08|
|W1||Waterfilter||Deep drop-off||555||11,606||276||0.94||5.09 ± 0.86||3.27 ± 0.2|
|W2||Waterfilter||Deep drop-off||592||7,740||334||0.92||4.18 ± 0.66||3.18 ± 0.21|
|W3||Waterfilter||Deep drop-off||782||18,007||345||0.93||6.94 ± 1.35||3.74 ± 0.19|
|W4||Waterfilter||Shallow slope||493||19,586||174||0.96||4.52 ± 0.72||2.83 ± 0.17|
|W5||Waterfilter||Shallow slope||342||9,781||160||0.96||2.53 ± 0.3||2.15 ± 0.19|
|Data matrix||Sample groups||Dispersion||PERMANOVA|
|OTUs||df||F value||p value||F value||R2||p value||nMDS stress|
|Relative abundance||Sponges & water (groups)||2,247||21||1.75||>0.99||22.09||0.81||<0.001||0.08|
|R. globostellata (habitat)||341||4||0.01||>0.99||1.80||0.31||0.1||0.01|
|Callyspongia sp. (habitat)||673||5||0.29||>0.99||2.85||0.36||<0.001||<0.01|
|Presence-absence||Sponges & water (groups)||2,247||21||31.38||0.02||6.15||0.54||<0.001||0.09|
|R. globostellata (habitat)||341||4||0.50||>0.99||1.64||0.290||0.1||<0.01|
|Callyspongia sp. (habitat)||673||5||0.26||>0.99||1.85||0.270||<0.001||<0.01|
The most abundant OTUs (n = 30) included members of the Proteobacteria (Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Gamma-), Cyanobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, “Poribacteria”, Actinobacteria, Nitrospirae and PAUC34f (Fig. 2). The distribution of the three most abundant OTUs (OTU0001: Betaproteobacteria, uncultured order EC94; OTU0002: Cyanobacteria, Synechococcus; OTU0003: Cyanobacteria, Prochlorococcus) was mostly limited to Callyspongia sp. and seawater samples. Among the abundant R. globostellata OTUs were representatives of Chloroflexi class SAR202, the candidate phylum “Poribacteria,” various Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria, and the uncultured sponge symbiont PAUC34f. Interestingly, while most abundant OTUs in R. globostellata and Rhaphoxya sp. were largely shared, and evenly distributed overall, the abundant OTU0016 (Synechococcus) in R. globostellata was not detected in Rhaphoxya sp. On the contrary, the latter sponge species featured an Acidobacteria OTU (OTU0033) that was predominantly shared with A. cavernosa instead of R. globostellata (Fig. 2). Additionally, three OTUs were highly abundant only in A. cavernosa: OTU0004 (Acidobacteria, PAUC26f), OTU0007 (Gammaproteobacteria, HTCC2089), and OTU0027 (Alphaproteobacteria, Rhodobacteraceae) (Fig. 2).
Non-metric multidimensional scaling plots created with all samples showed a high degree of sample-specific pooling (Fig. 3A). The variation among sample-specific groups was significant for the relative abundance and presence-absence datasets (Table 3). Pairwise comparisons of mean group dispersions revealed the significant contributions of seawater and Callyspongia sp. samples to the differences between the groups (Tables S2 and S3).The habitat-based multivariate analysis of variance was significant for Callyspongia sp. and seawater samples (Table 3). The nMDS ordination showed apparent habitat-related community clusters for both (Callyspongia sp. and R. globostellata) sponge taxa (Figs. 3B and 3C). The observation of habitat-specific clusters in the ordination is also present in the individual hierarchical clustering approaches (Figs. S2B–S2D). In addition, for seawater (habitat-based PERMANOVA) the relative abundance, and the sponge & seawater (group-based permanova) presence-absence groups the significant multivariate spread (Dispersion) might contribute to the observed significant variance effects (Table 3).
The graphical summary of the OTUs (collapsed to high taxonomic ranks) with the highest average abundance in SIMPER in each of the sample groups presents three distinct microbial communities, with only slight variations between the two habitats (Fig. 4). For example, R. globostellata harbours an abundant Chloroflexi community and is the only sample group containing the candidate phylum “Poribacteria.” In contrast, Callyspongia sp. was dominated by members of Betaproteobacteria and seawater samples by Cyanobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. In all three sample types, Cyanobacteria were slightly more abundant in samples from the shallow reef slope habitat. In contrast to the overall balanced taxonomic contribution patterns between habitats at higher taxonomic ranks, the analysis of 97%-OTUs showed individual habitat contributions and that several OTUs with a high abundance among all samples were also main contributors to the overall dissimilarity among the shallow and very deep sample groups (Table 4). The most prominent feature among all three analyzed sample groups was the dominance of Synechococcus (phylum Cyanobacteria) in the shallow reef slope habitats. In the deep drop-off Callyspongia sp. and seawater samples a second cyanobacterium, genus Prochlorococcus (OTU0003), was most dominant. The dominant Synechococcus OTUs were also separated in R. globostellata (OTU0016) and Callyspongia sp. and seawater (OTU0002, OTU0037, OTU0041). Additionally, compared to Callyspongia sp. and seawater, which exhibit dominant OTUs either in shallow reef slopes or deep habitats, the main contributing OTUs in R. globostellata dominate completely the specimens from shallow habitat (Table 4). The contrasting and habitat-dependent patterns were also prominent in the average species richness and the two alpha diversity indices among the three groups (Figs. 5A–5C); R. globostellata represents the sponge with the highest evenness, richness and OTU dominance compared to Callyspongia sp. and seawater samples. Additionally, all three sample groups exhibit higher richness and diversity values in the deep drop-off habitats and individual variations among the shallow reef slopes and deep drop-off habitats.
|R. globostellata||Otu0016||45.67||534.67||0.09||Cyanobacteria, Synechococcophycideae, Synechococcales, Synechococcaceae, Synechococcus|
|Otu0006||109.33||529.33||0.17||Actinobacteria, Acidimicrobiia, Acidimicrobiales, wb1_P06|
|Otu0017||72.67||216.00||0.19||Nitrospirae, Nitrospira, Nitrospirales, Nitrospiraceae|
|Otu0034||42.33||184.33||0.24||Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Thiotrichales, Piscirickettsiaceae|
|Otu0042||21.67||125.33||0.28||Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Thiotrichales, Piscirickettsiaceae|
|Otu0089||6.00||105.33||0.32||Bacteroidetes, Rhodothermi, Rhodothermales, Rhodothermaceae, Salisaeta|
|Otu0013||91.00||182.00||0.34||Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Chromatiales, Ectothiorhodospiraceae|
|Callyspongia sp.||Otu0001||3147.25||3153.67||0.41||Proteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, EC94|
|Otu0002||52.75||628.67||0.57||Cyanobacteria, Synechococcophycideae, Synechococcales, Synechococcaceae, Synechococcus|
|Otu0003||585.00||21.33||0.71||Cyanobacteria, Synechococcophycideae, Synechococcales, Synechococcaceae, Prochlorococcus|
|Otu0005||117.00||68.67||0.72||Proteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Rickettsiales, Pelagibacteraceae|
|Otu0152||35.75||10.33||0.74||Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Oceanospirillales, Endozoicimonaceae|
|Otu0037||1.00||24.00||0.75||Cyanobacteria, Synechococcophycideae, Synechococcales, Synechococcaceae, Synechococcus|
|Otu0011||31.25||49.00||0.75||Actinobacteria, Acidimicrobiia, Acidimicrobiales, OCS155|
|Otu0041||0.75||19.33||0.76||Cyanobacteria, Synechococcophycideae, Synechococcales, Synechococcaceae, Synechococcus|
|Otu0025||7.00||24.00||0.76||Proteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Rhodobacterales, Rhodobacteraceae|
|Otu0232||7.25||13.67||0.77||Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Oceanospirillales, Endozoicimonaceae|
|Otu0044||8.00||21.33||0.77||Proteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Rhodobacterales, Rhodobacteraceae|
|Otu0284||12.50||1.33||0.77||Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Alteromonadales, Shewanellaceae, Shewanella|
|Otu0059||10.50||20.33||0.78||Bacteroidetes, Flavobacteriia, Flavobacteriales, Flavobacteriaceae|
|Otu0157||13.75||2.33||0.78||Planctomycetes, Planctomycetia, Pirellulales, Pirellulaceae|
|Seawater||Otu0002||314.00||7548.00||0.34||Cyanobacteria, Synechococcophycideae, Synechococcales, Synechococcaceae, Synechococcus|
|Otu0003||5147.67||60.00||0.58||Cyanobacteria, Synechococcophycideae, Synechococcales, Synechococcaceae, Prochlorococcus|
|Otu0005||711.33||630.50||0.60||Proteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Rickettsiales, Pelagibacteraceae|
|Otu0037||3.00||432.50||0.62||Cyanobacteria, Synechococcophycideae, Synechococcales, Synech
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balance between the people from the Campania region and their land. These images share a universal message about the way humans interact and identify with their environment and why this connection is so important today as the social and cultural paradigms are shifting.On contrary to popular belief, Hacker’s own machines are often more vulnerable to attacks than the average user. This is especially true of those who are new to the world of hacking because of their more frequent access to remote machines, dodgy forums, open administrative privileges on their own machines and inexperience in covering their tracks etc. Further, those who are experienced often take advantage of the ones who are in the learning stage, trying to get into this field. So, for a newbie hacker, it is of vital importance to learn how to protect themselves to avoid being consumed by their own curiosity by Understanding Computer Viruses.
In this dog-eat-dog world, any kind of safety is an illusion unless proven otherwise.
Understanding Computer Viruses
Computer Viruses are the malware program that, when executed, replicates by inserting copies of itself (possibly modified) into other computer programs, data files, or the boot sector of the hard drive; when this replication succeeds, the affected areas are then said to be “infected”. Viruses are perhaps the oldest form of malicious software (Malware). They’ve been around for a long time and are still evolving and causing havoc all over the world. At first sight, they seem to be innocent looking executable files, but if opened, they can turn your world upside down in a second.
You need a basic arsenal of skills for securing the executables on your system and coping with viruses on your own. Here we discuss proactive methods you can use to defend yourself against malicious executable code in files, resources, component libraries, scripts and macros, as well as how to avoid a handful of other potential vulnerabilities.
Depending on the destructiveness power of the payload, Computer Viruses can result in a significant loss of data, time, and money. In the best scenario, you may just lose the time it takes to disinfect your computer. At worst, a mission-critical server may be reduced to little more than an expensive door-stop. Unfortunately, antivirus software isn’t perfect, and there’s always some lag between the emergence of a new electronic predator and the availability of virus definitions to protect against it. Moreover, many coders of today’s more diverse and sophisticated computer viruses are taking the preemptive step of disabling or even removing antivirus software as part of their operation.
I’m not suggesting that you shouldn’t rely on your antivirus programs for day-to-day virus protection, especially since antivirus programs are very good at keeping you safe but only from the known threats. However, if you’ve never had to fight a virus without your antivirus software, then it’s only a matter of time before you will. The main reason for this is newbie viruses. For an antivirus to be able to guard against newbie viruses, it must first be reported, the virus scanning code must be modified to include this newbie virus, and finally the virus database copy on the client side must be updated.
Because virus protection changes every day, those annoying notifications that your antivirus probably gives routinely are there to protect you. You must’ve noticed in the UPDATE menu of any antivirus an option to “Update Virus Database” or something like that. This is evidence of the ongoing war against viruses.
How do Viruses Works, In General ?
Well, first, the coder writes the executable codes required to carry out the virus’s activation process and then whatever nasty things it’s meant to do. What does the coder want from his virus to accomplish? Should it reformat your hard drive? Delete JPG files? Mail copies of itself to your friends and co-workers? Making any of this happen requires “executable” code of some kind.
Second, in order for this code to execute, the virus needs to be activated or opened. The usual way a virus’s executable code will run is the direct method: some unwary user receives an e-mail attachment called “Click-Here.exe” or something equally enticing. This runs the program and the virus is unleashed. As easily avoided as this result seems to be, it still works far more often than it should.
Virus coders have discovered a number of other, less obvious techniques for getting a virus to take over your computer. Below we take a look at some of these techniques, beginning with the question of what constitutes the executable code, then we’ll examine several sneaky activation methods. These activation methods are particularly important, as this is where you’ll understand how to completely unhook viruses from your system in order to regain control of it following an infection.
What Constitutes Executable Code ?
Of course, you know that .exe files are executable, as are other similar file formats such as .cmd and .com etc. There are many other file types that may contain executable code, and any executable code can be unsafe. In general, executable code falls into three broad categories:
- Standalone Programs.
- The code included within resources or libraries.
- Script or macro code executed by an interpreter of some kind.
In a broad sense, a standalone program is pretty much any file type that relies on the operating system for it to execute. How do you know which ones these are? The answer lies in the Windows registry. To battle against viruses on their own turf, you’ll have to be very comfortable delving into the registry. So let’s take a look at how executable programs are invoked:
- Launch the Registry Editor by opening “Run” and type “regedit”.
- Expand the “HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT (HKCR)” node – It’s the operating system’s repository for information on file associations and commands and Under this HKCR, you’ll find nodes representing all the file type extensions registered on your computer.
- Navigate down the tree until you locate the key named “.exe”.
- Select this “.exe” node and observe that its default value (shown in the right-hand pane) is “exefile” – This is a pointer to another node under HKCR (the exefile key).
- Scroll down and find the “exefile” folder. The exefile key contains a Shell Subkey. This is where a file type’s available actions are defined. In OS terminology, these actions are known as “Verbs”. For example, a Microsoft Word document might have a “print” verb defined, which allows you to right-click the file in Windows and choose Print from the context menu.
- Expand the shell subkey for the “exefile” node to view the available verbs for EXE files. You’ll probably see two or three different subkeys, depending on your system. The one to be concerned with is “open”. (HCKR >> exefile >> shell >> open) Expand this node and select its command subkey. Each verb has its own subkey, and each of those keys, in turn, has its own command subkey. The default value in this subkey dictates exactly what happens when that verb is executed.
Double-clicking the file icon in Explorer has the same effect — it executes the default verb’s command (open for EXE files). As you can see, for EXE files, the open command verb has a value of %1 %* This is used in MS-DOS batch file language. The basic idea is that the path and filename of the EXE file you activated are substituted for the “%1” parameter while any switches or command-line parameters that go along with it are passed through the “%*” parameter. So it would stand to reason that any other file types whose open verb evaluates to some flavor of “%1” would tend to pose a risk. There is a number of these, and they’re all potentially dangerous. Considering that the virus coder knows that most people won’t double-click a file with a .exe extension or a .bat file, there are several other options including : .cmd, .com, .pif, .vbs – All of these file types have a default open verb of %1. A virus writer could simply change the .exe extension of his virus executable to, .com, and s/he probably just increased the chances that the unsuspecting masses will run it. Particularly dangerous is (was, actually) the humble Screen Saver file type (“.scr” extension). Close to the start of the 21st century, “.scr” viruses were literally everywhere. They were widely believed to be power-saving, which is so not true (Stand-by mode is much better). People thought it couldn’t hurt, right? so what’s the harm? So Naive. Again, extension hardly matters, everything a “.exe” virus can do, a “.scr” one can do equally as well. The days of “.scr” might be gone, but viruses are probably here to stay, Whatever the type, extension, purpose and payload – The core concepts are always the same. So, let’s take a deeper look at the working of “.scr” viruses. The key to the future lies in the past between the shadows.
In the Registry Editor, compare the open verb’s command default value for “EXE” and “SCR” files, respectively. As you will notice, they’re pretty much identical— “%1” %* for EXEs and “%1″/s for Screen Saver files. Screen savers are, as it turns out, standalone executables. The only difference between these two default verbs is a “/S” switch for the SCR file type. The intended purpose of the screen saver’s “open” verb is to allow for testing a screen saver, and the screen saver executable interprets the “/S” switch accordingly. There’s nothing to stop a virus writer from giving their application a “.scr” extension and then simply ignoring the “/S” switch passed to it when the user invokes the program. Exploiting the popularity of screen savers was even easier because the caption of the screen saver’s open verb is shown as “Test” in the right-click menu. A user thinks he’s just testing a screen saver, but what he’s actually doing is activating a virus. A particularly clever virus might even display an actual screen saver, pre-occupying you with pretty flowers while it destroys files on your hard drive in the background. This caption is stored in the default value for the open key itself. Meaning, just like you can simply find and change your “Recycle Bin’s” name to say “Dumpster” or “TrashCan”, you can also change the “Test” option to anything you like. On an unrelated note, you may also change the “Open” option for a word document to maybe “Do Belly Dance” or anything you like. Of course, this only changes the string and not what it does.(Try using the “CTRL + F”, find function to poke around and feel the power of “regedit”. Be warned, don’t change anything that you don’t know about. Changing text strings like “My Computer” is harmless, but changing some core functions code may wreck your computer before you can undo it.
Libraries Can Be Dangerous
Executable code can live inside resources or component libraries of many different varieties. These may not seem like obvious candidates for viruses, but they can certainly be exploited in that way. These file types include Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL), Control Panel Applets (CPL), various Type Libraries (TLB, OLB, and so on). This code isn’t directly executable with a “%1” command verb like .exe, but this doesn’t mean that the code can’t be run. Just about any function exported from a DLL can be invoked using a helper application called “RUNDLL32.exe”.
A virus could employ two possible attacks. One would be to replace an existing DLL with a compromised version, in which a particular function is replaced by one of the same name but with altered functionality. Then, whenever the system invokes this function, instead of having the desired result, the virus is activated instead. The second approach is simply to write a DLL from scratch and invoke its functions using RUNDLL32.EXE when needed. This isn’t quite as straightforward as invoking the code in an EXE file, but a DLL, OCX, TLB or another library file is more likely to be accepted by an unsuspecting user or to be overlooked by an antivirus program, so it may well be worth the greater effort on the virus coder’s part.
Scripts and Macros
Increased Flexibility Brings Increased Risk, Script code requires a script engine to interpret and run, but it can still be exploited. Scripts come in several forms, they may be used to perform a repetitive task, modify documents, pretty much everything that a “.exe” file can do. Microsoft has done a lot to tighten the security of these macros and scripts, but it’s still easy for a macro virus to do a lot of damage. A popular script category is Windows Script Host (WSH) files. These files, usually with .wsf, .js, or .vbs extensions, carry a default file association which causes them to be executed, no questions asked when users double-click them. As you might imagine, this can be disastrous.
Web applications may also carry dangerous scripts. Client-side scripts, for example, are fairly limited in their access to the host system for security reasons, but there’s a little-known file type, the HTML Application (with an HTA extension), which works like a client-side Web application without the same security restrictions. Its purpose is to allow developers to use their Web development skills to build rich applications using the Web browser metaphor. But again, the unsuspecting user can unleash all sorts of chaos by downloading and executing such a file without first examining its contents. All of these scripts and macros can be readily examined before they’re executed, but clearly an average user won’t bother reading some weird code.
Virus Activation Methods
The most common way for a virus to be activated is for a user to directly execute, say an e-mail attachment. Virus writers do just about anything to make you open the attachment using this action, but most developers are savvy enough not to just run an unknown executable. Of course, just about all of us have done it at one time or another—particularly now that viruses can access address books and can assemble a credible-looking e-mail message, ostensibly from someone you know and trust. Be that as it may, as users have become more aware, virus creators have gotten more devious, and there is now a host of new methods for activating a virus on a computer that doesn’t require any code to be explicitly executed (E-mail attachment viruses are a rare sight nowadays, since most email services themselves check emails for malicious files).
Files with an REG extension, are system registration files that hold information to be integrated into the system registry. The problem with them is that they carry a default verb of “open”. This means that if any registration file is double-clicked, it immediately dumps its contents directly into the system registry, without any confirmation required (depending on your OS). Since it has access to the registry, it is free to modify anything it pleases. It may delete vital keys required for the system to startup or even modify existing ones to make further file types vulnerable. Also, it may create a new entry for a previously unknown extension. A general antivirus may not recognize and hence ignore a file extension of for example “.bobo”. But in the registry, there could be an entry to make the file’s default action to “Open” or “Run” – giving it all the powers of a .exe file. This could be potentially devastating.
Luckily, most antivirus software nowadays is adopting the “Sandboxing” technique to run untested files. Basically, the antivirus gives the file a test run in a secure and sealed environment (sandbox) and checks if it tries to get out by, for example, trying to access something that it’s not supposed to or changing system settings and variables without asking the users explicitly. Inside the sandbox, it is denied anything remotely suspicious and the antivirus raises a big red flag and moves the file to the quarantine section (virus vault) or maybe even delete it straight away.
Another hazard is something called the PATH Environment Variable. Anyone who uses a computer is bound to have used a “shortcut” file at least once. Whether it’s the “Google Chrome” icon on your desktop or maybe “WinZip” in your taskbar these shortcut files are simply links to the actual files stored in the folder in which they were installed. It’s clearly a little tedious to open “My Computer >> C: Drive >> Program Files >> Mozilla”. To open “Mozilla Firefox” every time. Hence, we have these shortcut files which simply stores the “Path” to the actual application. These files don’t exactly use the Path environment variable, but the concept is exactly the same.
The computer has certain files (example: explorer.exe) that it may routinely need to open (example: at startup). So, in the Registry, it has simply stored the name of the file it needs to open, and it’s path (in a path variable). Whenever the OS needs to open a particular system file it simply looks it up in the registry, follows the path in the memory and opens it. What does this have to do with viruses? With everything from phones to cars to houses getting smarter every moment, our computer viruses are not behind. It’s just a little too obvious and literally “on the nose” when a user clicks a file and
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�欢的块就不会被遗漏。
杂交路线
语法如下：
[secret] mutation: {chance}% {parent} + {parent} => {child} {requirements}
语法中的中括号仅代表可省略，不代表此语法必须携带中括号
如果指定此杂交路线为“secret”，则此杂交路线不会出现在任何GUI中
{parent}和{child}为蜜蜂种类的UID
{requirements}可以不填或为如下内容：
Req Temperature {Icy|Cold|Normal|Warm|Hot|Hellish} （温度需求）
Req Humidity {Arid|Normal|Damp} （湿度需求）
Req Biome {biomename} （生物群系需求）
Req Block B[:{modid}]:{blockname} [ @{meta} ] （方块需要）
离心机配方
语法如下：
centrifuge: {stackref}, {num} cycles => [ {chance}% ] {stackref}
语法中的中括号仅代表可省略，不代表此语法必须携带中括号
若省略{chance}%则默认为100%Life in the Estuary: Illustrated guide and ecology
Malcolm B. Jones and Islay D. Marsden
168pp, Spiral bound
210 x 148 mm, B&W illustrations
Estuaries are places where rivers meet the sea, and they have a unique environment as a result of the mixing of fresh water with seawater. They provide diverse opportunities for observing and understanding wildlife.
This guide to the estuarine environment describes the dominant organisms and their ecology. Based on the successful formula of an earlier book (Animals of the Estuary Shore), Life in the Estuary includes easy to use keys and illustrations to identify many common species of plants and animals, including invertebrates, birds and fish.
Although based primarily on organisms found within the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch, this book is an ideal beach-combing companion for the identification of common species found throughout New Zealand in estuaries, mudflats, rocky shores, salt marshes, sand and surf beaches.
Malcolm B. Jones obtained his BSc Honours degree (1968) and PhD (1971) and DSc (1999) from the University College of Swansea, University of Wales. He was appointed to the staff of the University of Canterbury in 1974, returning to the UK in 1984 to take up a post at the University of Plymouth, where he is
now Professor of Marine Biology.
Islay D. Marsden graduated in 1975 with a PhD from the University of London and is currently an Associate Professor in Marine Biology at the University of Canterbury. She has more than 25 years’ research experience studying estuarine organisms in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary and has supervised numerous student theses.On Sept. 4, 2017, U.S. Attorney General Jeffrey Sessions announced the Trump administration’s intent to end a program begun five years earlier by President Obama called Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). The change will affect 800,000 undocumented aliens, including about 42,000 New York State residents.
Often referred to as Dreamers, DACA program participants are young people (currently 35 or younger) who were brought to the United States as children. After passing criminal background checks, they were afforded prosecutorial discretion to avoid deportation by U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in its immigration enforcement efforts. Notably, the program did not confer any substantive right, immigration status, or pathway to citizenship to its beneficiaries.
Sessions said Obama exceeded his executive authority when he created DACA. But President Donald Trump has expressed sympathy for Dreamers. “Does anybody really want to throw out good, educated and accomplished young people who have jobs, some serving in the military? Really!” he wrote on Twitter 10 days after Session’s announcement. He has called for a legislative solution.
Jan. 9, 2018 was an important day for Dreamers. A federal judge in California, William Alsup, issued an injunction ordering DACA to remain in effect while a legal challenge to ending the program proceeds. The same day, Trump met with Congressional leaders to discuss legislative remedies and appeared to abandon a prior call that any bill to protect Dreamers must also contain funding for building a wall on the border with Mexico.
Later, White House spokeswoman Sarah Huckabee Sanders pledged a legal challenge to the injunction and said that Congress must decide the fate of the DACA program. And Trump tweeted that the wall “must be part of any DACA approval.”
Uncertainty over DACA has raised anxiety among immigrant families throughout the United States, including many with children who attend public schools in New York State. This article summarizes what school officials need to know about DACA.
Vulnerable to deportation… but guaranteed an education
In New York, it is important for educators to recall that heightened concerns about immigration enforcement prompted New York State Commissioner of Education MaryEllen Elia and New York State Attorney General Eric Schneiderman to issue a joint letter on Feb. 27, 2017 to affirm that undocumented children, like U.S. citizen children, have an unequivocal right to attend school full time as long as they meet age and residency requirements.
They cited Plyer v. Doe, in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1982 that school districts may not deny students a free public education on the basis of their undocumented or non-citizen status, or that of their parents or guardians.
It is important to note that DACA did not grant lawful status to Dreamers: rather, it protected Dreamers from deportation by affording them a deferment of prosecution. Accordingly, the rescission of DACA should have no practical effect on enrollment practices or school district policies.
Another issue involves how schools should handle requests to interview students by federal agents, including Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). In bold typeface, Schneiderman and Elia wrote in their joint memo: “It has long been SED’s position that law enforcement officers may not remove a student from school property or interrogate a student without the consent of the student’s parent or person in parental relation, except in very limited situations (e.g., when law enforcement officers have a valid warrant or when a crime has been committed on school property).”
In addition, they wrote: “We strongly recommend that, should ICE or other federal immigration officials appear at a school seeking access to students (for interviews and/or questioning), a school district should advise all staff to immediately contact the superintendent and the school district’s attorney for guidance … before allowing access to a student.”
As a practical matter, school officials should be familiar with DACA and be able to discuss with students and families what the Trump administration’s actions mean to them.
Who are the Dreamers?
Under DACA, Dreamers were able to come forward to request authorization from the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) for “deferred action” or protection from deportation. If approved, DACA participants acquired the status of being able to lawfully remain in the U.S. and to obtain employment authorization. Benefits were valid for a renewable two year period, although subject to revocation or termination for certain specified reasons, such as commission of a serious crime.
DACA eligibility included specific requirements. To qualify, each applicant had to meet all of these criteria:
- Arrived in the U.S. before reaching his or her 16th birthday.
- Was 31 or younger as of June 15, 2012 (the date of the program’s inception under President Obama).
- Had resided continuously in the U.S. since at least June 15, 2007.
- Had been physically present in the U.S. on June 15, 2012 as well as at the time of application for the program.
- Had no lawful immigration status as of June 15, 2012.
- Met certain educational and/or military service requirements.
- Had no convictions of any felony or significant misdemeanor, and less than three misdemeanors.
DHS and USCIS had discretion to deem any applicant as a threat to national security or public safety. This enabled DHS to reduce expenditure of enforcement resources on low priority cases.
Revocations of DACA status have been rare. Since the start of DACA in 2012, the DHS has terminated deferred action for about 1,500 recipients due to criminality or gang affiliation concerns. That’s less than two revocations for every 1,000 DACA recipients.
USCIS stopped accepting new requests for DACA status on Sept. 5, 2017 and accepted renewal applications until Oct. 5, 2017. Individual Dreamers may be able to retain DACA status as late as March 5, 2020, but most individuals’ protections under DACA are set to expire in 2018 and 2019.
DHS has stated that information provided to USCIS for DACA requests will not be proactively used for the purpose of immigration enforcement efforts. Like DACA itself, that policy is subject to modifi cation or rescission at any time, without notice.
Possible legislative solutions
As of the date of publication for this article, the fate of DACA recipients remains a question mark, particularly given the Trump administration’s stance that a solution must be legislative.
Proposed legislation has included:
- The Dream Act. This bi-partisan bill was proposed prior to DACA’s rescission, but is considered unlikely to obtain support from the administration. It requires Dreamers to graduate from or complete two years of a higher education program, complete at least two years of military service, or be employed for at least three years to become lawful permanent residents.
- The Recognizing America’s Children Act. This Republican-sponsored bill would create a new immigration status called “conditional permanent resident.”
- The American Hope Act. This Democrat-sponsored bill would provide support to help Dreamers apply for conditional permanent resident status, learn about naturalization, and improve their English through grant programs and other initiatives.
- The BRIDGE Act. The acronym of this bipartisan bill is “Bar Removal of Individuals who Dream and Grow our Economy.” It would provide a one-time “provisional protected presence” to Dreamers eligible for DACA that would provide temporary protection from deportation and an employment authorization document.
Other bills have called for comprehensive immigration reform, but whether fractured politics can be overcome to enact legislation on the controversial subject of immigration remains to be seen.
Meanwhile, at the time this article was drafted, litigation regarding DACA was still pending, with arguments focusing on whether the Trump administration has been suffi ciently forthcoming in making public administrative records related to the decision to rescind DACA.
On Dec.1, 2017, appealing a case parallel to the New York lawsuit, the Trump administration asked the U.S. Supreme Court to review a California decision ordering the administration to produce more fi les and expand the public record regarding its decision to rescind DACA. If the Supreme Court takes the case, it may focus broadly on the extent to which the executive branch is constitutionally empowered to unilaterally change policy without legislative action or could issue a narrow decision as to whether or not the California case should proceed as decided by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. That panel of judges did not agree with Trump’s Justice Department, which sought to block a court order to produce more records about the DACA program.
With DACA set to expire on March 5, 2018, political pressure is mounting within all branches of the federal government. Immigration reform is likely to remain in the news, and school board members and administrators should be ready for questions about how this national debate could affect their students and communities.
Members of the New York State Association of School Attorneys represent school boards and school districts. This article was written by Beth L. Sims and Elizabeth A. Ledkovsky of Shaw, Perelson, May & Lambert LLC. Sims LedkovskyANDREW MCCLENAGHAN / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY ANDREW MCCLENAGHAN / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
Sight examination. Ophthalmologist performing an eye examination by using a slit-lamp microscope. This instrument, thanks to its brilliant illumination and lens magnification, allows meticulous examination of the congiuntiva, cornea, front chamber of the eye, iris and crystalline lens. For a full view of the crystalline lens and the structures behind it, the pupil is widely dilated by using eye-drops such as tropicamide.
Model release not available. Property release not required.Mercedes spiega perché Hamilton non è riuscito a superare Gasly.29 Aprile 2022
È stato un pomeriggio frustrante al Gran Premio dell’Emilia Romagna per Lewis Hamilton, con il pilota Mercedes incapace di superare Pierre Gasly sull’AlphaTauri per gran parte della gara.
La Mercedes ha confermato l’impossibilità da parte di Lewis Hamilton di superare Pierre Gasly nel Gran Premio dell’Emilia Romagna.
È stato un pomeriggio difficile per Hamilton a Imola, con gran parte della sua gara trascorsa dietro l’AlphaTauri di Gasly mentre lottavano per la tredicesima posizione. Nonostante i numerosi tentativi di sorpasso, Hamilton non è riuscito a trovare il modo di superare il francese.
Il britannico si è infine classificato al 13° posto, dopo aver guadagnato una posizione a causa della penalità di Esteban Ocon. La gara Sprint di sabato si era rivelata altrettanto dura per Hamilton e Mercedes. George Russell ha concluso l’evento all’11° posto, con Hamilton al 14° posto.
Andrew Shovlin, Trackside Engineering Director della Mercedes, ha spiegato nel classico video di debriefing di fine gara che i problemi di Hamilton nel sorpassare Gasly erano dovuti alla fine ad un treno DRS (Drag Reduction System), come era successo nello Sprint.
“È lo stesso problema che abbiamo avuto nella gara Sprint, quando sei in quello che chiamiamo un treno DRS”, ha detto Shovlin.
“Ora, l’effetto combinato del DRS di Imola più il traino ti dà circa mezzo secondo di vantaggio sull’auto che stai seguendo. Il problema è che, se quell’auto sta seguendo un’altra macchina, e loro stessi hanno il DRS, quasi tutto quel vantaggio viene spazzato via, e questo era principalmente il problema che aveva Lewis.”
“Lewis non è stato davvero in grado di stare al fianco, ed è per questo che ha trascorso l’intera gara in modo piuttosto frustrante bloccato in quella posizione.”
Questo non è stato l’unico problema che la Mercedes ha dovuto affrontare nel weekend di Imola. Il team sta continuando a lottare con problemi sulla W13, incluso il porpoising. Hanno anche avuto difficoltà a portare le gomme alla temperatura ottimale, cosa che si è rivelata impegnativa in condizioni di umidità e fresco durante il Gran Premio dell’Emilia Romagna.
“È giusto dire che abbiamo lottato con il riscaldamento delle gomme questo fine settimana”, ha spiegato Shovlin.
“Era la pista più fredda in cui siamo stati, la prima volta che abbiamo corso in condizioni di bagnato in gara, e questo ci è sicuramente costato in qualifica, portando a quelle posizioni abbastanza deludenti all’inizio della gara Sprint. Domenica la situazione non era così grave. Ora, che sia in funzione del fatto che si tratta di un giro di formazione piuttosto che di un giro finale, i piloti hanno
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اگر شروع به انجام این تمرین کنید آنوقت خواهید دید که فهمیدن اینکه احساسات چگونه معامله گري شما را تحت تاثیر قرار می دادند انقدر ها هم سخت نیست.
ترفند ۳- تصمیم گیري کندل به کندل
تصمیم به ورود در معامله در زمانی که هنوز کندل تایم فریمی که درآن هستید بسته نشده اغلب اوقات،
البته نه همیشه، علت اشتباهات احساسی و تکانه ايِ معامله گري است.
بخصوص در مورد معامله گران مبتدي می توان گفت عدم ورود به معامله
در میانه کندل در عملکرد معامله گري ایشان تاثیر بزرگی می تواند داشته باشد.
شایدخیلی ها چنین اعتقادي نداشته باشند ولی به شما قول می دهم که اگر این ترفند را امتحان کنید
و و با ورود در میانه يِ کندل مقایسه کنید تفاوت این دو روش را بخوبی احساس خواهید کرد.
درست مانند ترفند قبلی ، همین که شروع کنید از این مفهوم استفاده کنید ،
متوجه خواهید شد که اغلب اوقات قربانی تصمیمات معامله گري تکانه اي خود بودهاید بخصوص
در زمانهایی که تمام روز را به مانیتور و چارت قیمتچشم دوخته بودید.
ترفند ۴- از چک لیست کتبی استفاده کنید.
این مورد بسیار مهم است. همه يِ معیارهاي ورود خود را بنویسید
و لیست آنها را جلوي خود قرار دهید.
معمولا اگر قوانین را بتوانید جلوي خود ببینید کمتر علاقه دارید که آنها را زیر پا بگذارید.
ترفند ۵- معامله گري و رسم نمودار را جداگانه انجام دهید.
ما اغلب اوقات معامله گران را براي کشیدن نمودارها و انجام تحلیل و تماشاي نمودار قیمت،
به استفاده از ابزار هاي تشویق میکنیم .
(tradingview.com) مختص نمودار کشیدن مانندمعامله گرانی که فقط از یک پلتفرم
هم براي تحلیل نمودار قیمتو هم براي اجراي معاملات و اُردر گذاري استفاده میکنند
(به خاطر اینکه هم خطوط اجراي معامله و ورود را و هم خطوط رسم شدن جهت تحلیل را یکجا با هم میبینند) بیشتر مستعد انجام اشتباهات معامله گري احساسی هستند.
در مقاله يِ دیگري شرح خواهیم داد که چگونه میتوان تحلیل و اجرا را از هم جداسازي کرد.(شاید درآینده يِ نزدیک)
ترفند ۶- براي سناریوهاي خرید و فروش پلن معاملاتی داشته باشید.
زمانی که پلن معاملاتی خود را می نویسید،
همیشه یک پلن براي سناریوهاي هم خرید و هم فروش داشته باشید.
حتی اگر بازار خیلی هم گاوي(صعودي) بنظر می رسیداز خودتان بپرسید که چه اتفاقی باید بیافتد که بتوانم پوزیشن فروش بگیرم،
قیمت باید کجا باشد ؟ این رویکرد به شما کم کمی کند تا باذهن باز و منعطف دربازار حضور داشته باشید.
اگر تمرکز زیادي روي یک سمت بازار داشته باشید،
آن وقت همیشه در ذهن تان زمزمه می کنید که یک معامله جدید باید باز کنید
و بر مبناي نظر یکطرفه تان اقدام کنید که این ضربه زننده است.
ترفند ۷- از نظرات سایرین صرف نظر کنید.
بعنوان یک معامله گر باید مسئولیت تمامی اعمالتان را بر عهده بگیرید.
شما نیاز به یک رویکرد منسجم و اعتماد بهروش ها و توانایی هایتان دارید.
در قبال قوانین و رویکردهایتان کاملا شفاف باشید. باید ازگوش کردن به نظرات افراد دیگر اجتناب کنید.
زیرا منجر به تعصب تایید می شود و باعث معامله گریی بدون اعتماد به نفس و با اعتقاد متزلزل می گردد.
نتیجه: معنی واقعی آنچه را که میبینی معامله کن چیست؟
امیدوارم مفهوم واقعی آنچه را که میبینی معامله کن براي تان روشن شده باشد.
بسیاري از معامله گران هستند که بارها و بارها قربانی ندانستن نحوه معامله گري انچه میبینند می شوند.
و بطور مستمر بجاي اینکه تصمیمات بر مبناي تحلیل و اهداف عینی بگیرند، بیشتر بر مبناي احساسات و واکنشهاي تکانه اي عمل می کنند .
ادامه دارد…简介：
郝壮（Hao，Zhuang），男 ，四十多岁，吉林蛟河市政法委书记公安局长。
自一九九九年七月二十日江泽民迫害法轮功后，郝壮死心塌地的执行江泽民的迫害政策。
一九九九年至二零一三年，蛟河市有十六名法轮功学员被迫害致死。蛟河市一中教师刘延龙，蛟河市松江镇中学教导主任刘江，退休职工常桂云女士是在郝壮任职期间被迫害死的。
据明慧网信息统计：一九九九年至二零一四年，蛟河市法轮功学员被非法判刑21人，劳教54人，拘留25人，送洗脑班66人。蛟河市法轮功学员因中共迫害被绑架、抄家、开除公职的成百上千。郝壮的名字早已被收入海外明慧网“恶人榜”。
二零一二年七月十七日上午十时，王淑清老人和另一法轮功学员在讲真相过程中，被已经守候在那里的蛟河市刑警大队五名警察绑架，身上带的资料被扣留。当日下午二时，警察到王淑清家抢劫，各处乱翻，连仓房都不放过，一本挂历被抢去。
被拘留半个月后，八月一日傍晚家属接到警方通知，容许家人见面，同时收到警方拟定的“构成扰乱社会秩序行为”而被劳教的劳动教养决定书，被劳教时间都是一年三个月。
二零一二年八月二日，她们被劫持到吉林省女子劳教所，简单检查身体，血压还是高，又被强制吃药。劳教所拒绝接收王淑清。
从王淑清被绑架，其家人多次出面或打电话，找公安局局长郝壮和公安局法制科长刘利民及到蛟河市拘留所要人，都被搪塞推诿。恶报结果：
死亡 - 其它恶报描述：
据吉林省蛟河市中共政府官方网站称：二零一五年十一月九日上午十点四十分左右，蛟河市中共政法委书记、公安局局长郝壮在公安局六楼办公室擦玻璃时意外从窗台坠落，
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قرار گیرد. میوه های پیر شده و یا آب لیمویی که چند ماه از تاریخ تهیه آن گذشته دارای ویتامین C کمی است زیرا گذشت زمان مقدار اینن ویتامین را کاهش می دهد که به خاطر حساسیت زیاد ویتامین C به حرارت و نور است. بهتر است برای تامین ویتامین C از مواد تازه مصرف کرد. آب لیموهایی که در مقدار کم به نام چاشنی غذا استفاده می گردد را نمی توان منبعی برای تامین ویتامین C لحاظ کرد و فقط از آن به نام چاشنی استفاده می گردد.
پس از خوردن موادی که حاوی ویتامین C هستند، کدام مواد غذایی یا دارویی نباید مصرف گردد تا از جذب مناسب این ویتامین در بدن جلوگیری نگردد؟
توصیه ما به مصرف میوه ها بین وعده های غذایی است. جذب ویتامین C میوه ها بعد از صرف غذا به علت انباشتگی در معده به درستی انجام نمی گردد ولی تداخلی در این خصوص بین ویتامین C و سایر مواد غذایی و دارویی وجود ندارد. توصیه متخصصان برای مصرف ویتامین C به همراه غذا، خوردن سالاد و گوجه فرنگی است که جذب آهن غذا را افزایش می دهد. خوردن مرکبات هم بعد از غذا همین ویژگی را دارد. بسکمک از پزشکان در هنگام تجویز داروی های حاوی آهن مانند کپسول هماتنیک یا فیفول برای اشخاصی که با خوردن این داروها دچار معده درد می شوند و یا درد معده آنها تشدید می گردد به آنها توصیه می کنند که این کپسول ها را همراه غذا مصرف کنند.
در چه شرایطی ویتامین C از بین می رود؟ویتامین C حساس است و آنزیم هایی وجود دارد که آن را از بین می برد. تماس با هوا و فلز موجب اکسید شدن ویتامین C شده و آن را از بین می برد. توصیه ما این است که مصرف و تهیه مواد حاوی ویتامین C مثل آب میوه ها بسیار کم باشد و اگر نمی توان در زمان تهیه از آن استفاده نمود باید اولا لیوان پر از آب میوه باشد و ثانیا روی آن با درپوش پلاستیکی محکم گردد که کمتر در معرض تماس با اکسیژن یا هوا قرار گیرد. میوه هایی هم که به صورت کامل و درسته خشک می شوند حاوی ویتامین C کمی هستند و آنهایی که برش داده شده اند بسیار کمتر.
چه کسانی به ویتامین C بیشتری احتیاج دارند؟افراد سیگاری، خانم های باردار و شیرده تا 100 میلی گرم و کسانی که جراحی شده اند برای التیام زخم های شان به مقادیر بیشتری احتیاج دارند. در شرایط اضطرابی و برای تمام گروه های سنی و کسانی که احتمال سکته قلبی در آنها وجود دارد، ویتامین C بیشتری احتیاج است.
منبع: http://www.salamat.com
aeمنبع: راسخونİncil birçok büyüleyici masalla doludur – çoğu iyi ve bazı tuhaflıklar – işte İncil’den ilk 10 tuhaf hikaye.
10. Erkek tipi kellikle alay etmeye cesaret edenler için bir ders
Bulunan: 4 Kral 2: 23-24
İncil’deki ilham verici geçitlerden biri, bilge bir adam olan İlyas’ın hikâyesini anlatırken, biri erkek tipi kellikle lanetlendi. Bir gün, “kel kafa” gibi isimlerle alay eden, hevesli bir çocuk grubu tarafından saldırıya uğradığı zaman, Bethel’e uzun bir yürüyüş yaparak kendi işini düşünüyordu. Onları Lord adına, ve anında iki dişi ayı yakındaki bir ağaçtan doğar ve 42 çocuğun ölümüne yol açar.
Bu hikayenin ahlaki mi? Kel insanlarla dalga geçme. Açıkçası, bu hikaye neden On Emir ile birlikte gelmiyor, kimsenin tahmininde bulunmuyor, ama kellik yapmanın eğlenceli bir şey olduğunu düşünen çocuklar için mükemmel bir ders olacağını düşünüyorum.
9. Eglon’un ateşlenebilir ölümü
Bulunan: Hakimler 3: 21-25
Ehud, İncil’in en sinsi suikastçısıdır (ve ayrıca Kutsal Kitap’ta belirtilen tek solak kişi). Smarmy Kralı Eglon’a “Tanrı’dan bir mesaj” iletme görevinde. Ehud, iğrenç kralla tanışmak için içeri girer, bir kılıç çıkarır ve Eglon’u midede bıçaklar. İlk başta onu içeri alamıyor, ama daha da zorluyor ve sonunda bağırsaklarına ulaşıyor. Eglon çok kilolu, öğreniyoruz ki, kılıcı gerçekten şişkin değil, midesi daha da görünür hale gelinceye kadar çekmiyor. İşte bu noktada Eglon bağırsaklarının kontrolünü kaybeder ve odasının her tarafında acımasızca dışkılamaya başlar. Kralın görevlileri sonunda geri geldi, ancak kendini rahatlattığını farz ederek Eglon’un yatak odasına girmedi. “Utanç noktasına” kadar bekledikten sonra, görevlileri krallarını yerde ölüp, kendi dışkı maddesiyle kaplı olarak bulmak için içeri girdi. Bu sırada Ehud, Seriah kasabasına kaçtı.
Bu hikayenin ahlaki mi? Kimin umrunda, ama çok havalı.
8. Onan – temkinli, ancak aptal
Bulunan: Yaratılış 38: 8-10
Bu kadar isimsiz bir hikaye, kendi neolojisine yol açtı – onanizm, mastürbasyon için eski bir terim. Temel olarak, Tanrı Er’i öldürür. Neden? Gerçekten öğrenmiyoruz. Ancak, iyi şanslar diyarında Er’in babası Yahuda, ölen kardeşinin karısıyla seks yapma hakkını vermiştir. Onan ilk başta biraz endişelidir, ancak Er’e ‘gerçek mirasçı’ yaratmak için bu tuhaf programla devam edeceğini kabul eder. Kızla seks yapmaya başlar, ancak son dakikada “tohumlarını yere çekip” dökmeye karar verir. Tanrı öyle sinirlenir ki, Onan’ı da öldürmeye karar verir ve hiç kimse bir varis alamaz. Bu hikaye, Hıristiyanların mastürbasyon ve doğum kontrolünü kınamalarının temelidir.
Bu hikayenin ahlaki mi? Monty Python’un sözleriyle, “Her sperm kutsaldır…”
7. Çok rahatsız edici bir hikaye
Bulunan: Hakimler 19: 22-30
Kutsal Kitap içinde biri bazen çok korkunç hikayeler bulur, amaçlarının ne olduğunu merak edebilir. Bu hikaye sadece tamamen tuhaf değil, aynı zamanda kesinlikle iğrenç. Bir adam ve onun cariyesi, geceye sığınmaya karar verdiklerinde, sokaklarda dolaşıyorlar ve kalmalarına izin verecek türde bir adam buluyorlar. Ancak o gece, bir grup erkek kapıya girdi ve konuğu görmeleri için konuğu görmelerini istedi. Mal sahibi, erkek kiracısının tecavüze uğramasına izin vermek istemiyor ve onun yerine bakire kızını sunuyor. Ancak, bu hala erkekler için yeterince iyi değil, bu yüzden sahibi onlara misafirinin cariyesini teklif ediyor ve erkekler de kabul ediyor. Adamlar kadına vahşice tecavüz eder ve onu, ölen kanın aktığı yerin kapısına bırakır. Bu yeterli değilse, kocası tarafından bulunduğunda, onu İsrail’in on iki kabilesine gönderdiği on iki parçaya böldü.
Bu hikayenin ahlaki mi? Umarım hiçbiri.
6. Sevginizi göstermek için yeni bir yol
Bulunan: 1 Samuel 18: 25-27
Byron’tan önce, Casanova’dan önce David vardı. Genç ve aşık, David umutsuzca Saul’un kızı Michal’la evlenmek istiyor ve Saul’a onunla evlenmesi için istediği her şeyi sunuyor. Saul muhtemelen ne isteyebilir ki? Para? Bir sevgi yemin mi? Hayır. Saul sünnet derileri istiyor. 100 tam olarak. Ne
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اسلامی با بیان اینکه نام نویسی مردم در سامانه اقدام ملی مسکن از فردا سه شنبه ٢١ آبان در استانهای اعلام شده، امکانپذیر است، گفت: هزینه ساخت در شهرهای کوچک متری ٢.۵ تا٣.۵ میلیون تومان است و در شهرهای بزرگ بر اساس قیمت تمام شده محاسبه میشود.
به گزارش تجارتنیوز، محمد اسلامی وزیر راه و شهرسازی در حاشیه هفتمین کنفرانس ایستگاههای راه آهن آینده که در هتل پارسیان اوین تهران در حال برگزاری است در جمع خبرنگاران در زمینه نحوه ثبت نام در طرح اقدام ملی مسکن بیان کرد: سامانه ثبت نام ابتدا در کرمان به شکل آزمایشی آغاز به کار کرد تا نقاط ضعف سامانه و هم حجم مطالبات مردم را شناسایی کند.
وی گفت: سامانه مزبور از روز شنبه این هفته در دسترس مردم قرار گرفته و به روی مردم ١٠ استان کشور باز شده است تا شرایط ثبت نام را مطالعه کنند.
وزیر راه و شهرسازی گفت: سامانه از فردا (سه شنبه) امکان ثبت نام را برای استانهای اعلام شده فراهم میکند و از فراهم سازی شرایط ساخت مسکن اقدام ملی در همه استانها خبر داد و افزود: زمینهای مورد نظر آمادهسازی شده و قراردادهای مربوطه امضا شده و کار اصلی، اکنون شناسایی متقاضیان واقعی مسکن است.
به گفته اسلامی، روشهای واگذاری زمین در طرح اقدام ملی مسکن متفاوت است و در برخی استانها زمین را به سازنده و در برخی شهرها به مردم داده میشود.
ثبت نام ۲۰ هزار نفر برای تسهیلات نوسازی بافت فرسوده
وی وضعیت اجرای طرح اقدام ملی در بافت فرسوده را ویژه دانست و افزود: پروانه ساخت در بافت فرسوده رایگان است و تاکنون ٢٠ هزار نفر در بخش دریافت تسهیلات نوسازی بافت فرسوده ثبت نام کردند و به بانک معرفی شدند.
اسلامی در پاسخ به سوالی در باره هزینه ساخت هر مترمربع خانه در طرح اقدام ملی مسکن گفت: هزینه ساخت در شهرهای کوچک متری ٢.۵ تا٣.۵ میلیون تومان است و در شهرهای بزرگ بر اساس قیمت تمام شده محاسبه میشود.
وزیر راه در واکنش به توئیت رئیس کمیسیون عمران مجلس شورای اسلامی مبنی بر اجرایی نبودن طرح اقدام ملی مسکن گفت: این طرح قابل اجرا است و هیچ مانعی برای اجرای آن وجود ندارد و تا دو سال آینده ۴٠٠ هزار واحد خانه ساخته و به مردم تحویل می شود.
به گفته اسلامی اکنون ٢٠ هزار واحد مسکن مهر در پردیس آماده تحویل به مردم است و برای طرح اقدام ملی همه ملاحظات در نظر گرفته شده است.
منبع: ایرنا真空泵国产化系统解决方案
真空泵的作用就是从真空室中抽除气体分子，降低真空室内的气体压力，使之达到要求的真空度。概括地讲从大气到极高真空有一个很大的范围，至今为止还没有一种真空系统能覆盖这个范围。因此，为达到不同产品的工艺指标、工作效率和设备工作寿命要求、不同的真空区段需要选择不同的真空系统配置。
什么是真空泵
真空泵是指利用机械、物理、化学或物理化学的方法对被抽容器进行抽气而获得真空的器件或设备。通俗来讲，真空泵是用各种方法在某一封闭空间中改善、产生和维持真空的装置。
真空泵的分类
按性能特点和用途分类
(1)低真空泵
泵的极限压力高于102Pa的真空泵属于低真空泵。常见的低真空泵有往复式真空泵、旋转式真空泵、液环式真空泵、喷射式真空泵以及吸附式真空泵。
(2)中真空泵
极限压力在102~-10-1Pa的真空泵属于中真空泵。常见的有罗茨真空泵、多级喷射式真空泵、多级旋转机械真空泵以及高速旋转式机械真空泵等。
(3)高真空泵
极限压力在10-1~10-5Pa的真空泵属于高真空泵。常见的高真空泵有各种扩散泵及分子泵等。
(4)超高真空泵
极限压力低于10-5Pa的真空泵属于超高真空泵。超高真空泵主要有各种离子泵、低温泵等。
按工作原理和结构特点分类
(1)机械式容积真空泵
靠机械运动使泵腔工作容积周期变化来实现抽气作用的是机核式容积真空泵。属于这类泵的有往复式真空泵、旋转式机械泵(包括旋片式、螺杆式、罗茨式、液环式等)。这类泵中除机械增压泵外，一般均可单独使用。
(2)射流式真空泵
没有机械运动部件,主要靠通过喷嘴的高速射流来抽真空的是射流式真空泵。属于这类泵的有水蒸气喷射泵、空气喷射泵、水喷射泵以及各种扩散泵等。这类泵结构简单,工作可靠,寿命长,易于维修,应用比较普遍。
盛驰科技不断创新发展，走在科技的前沿，长期专注于高端技术产品的研发，推动高端技术国产化进程。我司通过PCB克隆，还能提供PCB改板、芯片解密、PCB设计、IC反向设计、代码反汇编、样机制作、SMT加工、PCBA代工代料、软件程序的二次开发及硬件功能的二次开发等服务。EPA’s Attempt to Regulate Methane Emissions
By David Woodsmall, Staff Contributor
On January 14, the Environmental Protection Agency announced a landmark decision to directly regulate methane emissions from new and modified oil and natural gas wells as part of a larger, cross-agency effort to reduce methane emissions. Regulating methane emission from oil and gas wells has the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, especially if EPA passes a robust rule and promulgates a regulation for existing wells under section 111(b) of the Clean Air Act. Methane emissions, which constitute 9% of greenhouse gas emissions from human activity, impact the climate twenty times greater than carbon dioxide over a 100-year period. The 40-45% decrease in methane emissions from current levels, which the administration hopes to achieve by 2025, could have a significant climate impact.
The 40-45% reduction goal will be achieved only if EPA passes a stringent regulation, paired with the Agency and states ensuring compliance with the rule. This could present a problem.
“Regulations covering oil and gas wells are difficult to enforce due to the sheer number of wells and their geographic dispersal over vast swaths of land. There are currently over 1.1 million active oil and gas wells in the United States.”
Last year, the Bureau of Land Management issued over 3,700 additional permits for drilling on federal land and over 2,500 new wells were drilled. Consequently, even a federal regulation covering new and modified wells will place tens of thousands of wells under federal regulatory authority in the coming years. A rule governing emissions from existing wells would extend that authority to over a million more wells.
In light of recent budget cuts stemming from a congressional republican assault on EPA, it is unlikely that the federal government will be able to effectively regulate methane emissions without state environmental agencies assuming the bulk of the enforcement effort. In fact, a 2014 report from the Government Accountability Office found that EPA currently lacks the necessary resources to enforce some of its current oil and gas well regulations.
“In the current political climate, EPA cannot expect an influx of funds to enforce a methane emission rule.”
EPA may struggle to garner the state cooperation necessary to enforce the methane rule. State governors have shown a recent resolve to prevent implementation of EPA regulations they do not like. Missouri, Michigan, and Virginia recently passed legislation barring state enforcement of a new EPA rule governing air emissions from wood-burning heaters. Similar legislation is pending before three other states.
The aim of this state-level dissent is to use the states’ position as primary enforcer of federal regulations to send EPA a message—abandon the new rule or find federal funds to enforce the regulation, because we will not do it for you.
“This type of “uncooperative federalism” threatens to derail federal efforts to curb methane emissions from the oil and gas industry.”
Uncooperative federalism refers to states leveraging the federal government’s reliance on state governments as enforcer of federal regulations to resist and change federal policy. Because the federal government cannot compel the states to administer federal regulations, states are able to influence national policy by refusing to implement federal rules they do not like. This is particularly powerful with agencies such as EPA, who heavily rely on states to enforce their regulatory scheme due to funding constraints.
If EPA is unable to garner robust state cooperate in enforcing its methane rule, the regulation will likely be ineffective in significantly reducing methane emissions or will force EPA to water down the standard to a level palatable to oil and gas friendly states. Recent state efforts to regulate oil and gas wells, or lack thereof
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the ground if the landscape doesn’t drastically change soon. This trail is easy to pick out from the air as it leads through fields and young timber east of CR 47 for about half a mile before the route made its first crossing of a branch of Luxapalilla Creek. A small trestle existed here, or may still possibly exist in dilapidated condition.
The rail line curves NE from this crossing, forming the border between forest and field, still clearly defined as a rural trail on private property. Aerials indicate hay bales or other farm items stored on the railbed here. The line then crosses CR 173 at a kink in that road, a decent visual clue.
The rails made their second crossing of the branch of Luxapalilla Creek just north of the CR 173 crossing. The ROW then winds NE then eventually N through what is now second growth forest about halfway between and roughly parallel to CR 47 and Riley Harp Rd for about a mile before crossing CR 47. The ROW is a farm road here to the south, and visible in the gap of slightly younger trees in the forest to the north, next to a power line cut. The road seems to have been recently repaved here.
The rails continue due north (with a slight left bend about midway, returning then to due north) through woodland for about 1.5 miles between the crossing and new US 78, crossing the branch of Luxapalilla Creek a remarkable three times in only half a mile. The rails thus do not necessarily follow the lay of the land here, probably built up on slight fills and cuts and crossing the creek more times than would be usual to allow for a level, due north route instead of following the sinuous creek.
The railbed where US 78 is now is very hard to decipher from the ground, as construction has obliterated most of it, but could possibly be seen to the south as a gap between larger trees. The Brilliant branch crossed the site of modern US 78 at nearly a right angle, then curved NE north of the site of the highway.
The railbed is nearly impossible to follow in this day and age for about 1.7 miles to the northeast, as heavy logging and, probably, surface mining operations have erased the former grade nearly completely. The rails crossed what’s now CR68 and continued NE then NNE through rough terrain before becoming visible again just south of AL 44 in the Pull Tight community.
The rails crossed AL 44 in a still-visible gap in the trees half a mile west of AL 44’s junction with AL 129. Once across the road, the ROW veers sharply east-southeast to parallel AL 44 to its junction with AL 129, about where the western edge of the ‘old’ town of Brilliant was before it was moved uphill and north.
It’s worth noting that aerial imagery revealed the presence of a turning wye in roughly the same alignment as the junction with AL 44, AL 129, and Main Street; this, I assume, was used to turn the locomotives for their trip back to the Winfield interchange. This turning wye appears to have been abandoned quite a few years before the rest of the line, and there seems to be little if any evidence of its presence today. It is located just above where Main Street splits to merge into AL 44 and AL 129. There may still be a slight gap in the trees today.
The line then crossed Main Street right after the wye and turned more southeasterly into what was once Brilliant, where the station was located. The line then continued through the valley that old Brilliant was built in and curved to the south to reach the mines that inspired the construction of the line, the rich Black Creek Seam. The line’s distance past the wye was somewhere around two miles to its terminus, probably slightly less. The extension northeast to Double Springs and Decatur from here never happened, though there may have been grading done. The ROW through the valley where old town Brilliant stood is somewhat difficult to pick out from aerial imagery, but may still be visible from the ground, along with artifacts from the town that sprang up in this valley over a century ago. This valley is abandoned today, home again only to the forest and the creatures that called it home, as it was before the iron horse first pulled into the Brilliant station more than a century ago.
Original CA&N/IC depot, built in 1898 in ‘old’ Brilliant on the Brilliant branch and moved up the hill to its present site c. 1920s. Today it’s home to a mining museum. It sits more than a mile from the line it once served, and at around 80′ higher elevation!
Brilliant, Alabama is a small town located in rural Marion County, several miles north of Winfield. Its history is rich, and its story is one of changes – of names, of economic forces, and even of physical location.
The story of the town begins in the late 19th century, when the town of Boston was incorporated, named for the Bostick family. The Aldrige brothers operated the Aldrige Mining Company just south of town, which became the Brilliant Coal Company before the turn of the century when it was sold to Birmingham investors. This mine would become the catalyst for the growth of the area and the rail line that once led to the community.
What, though, does the town of Boston have to do with the article, and how did the name Brilliant originate? An interesting series of events in the early part of the 20th century provides the answers to both. The original town that became Brilliant was located at the bottom of a hill, where the rail line ran to the mine. When the mine shifted location, and the post office moved to the top of the hill in Boston, the name of that community was changed from Boston to Brilliant both because there was already a Boston post office in the state and in order to honor the coal company that brought economic development to the area. The name Brilliant was given to the original mine because of the quality of the coal produced – the low ash and sulfur coal had a brilliant glossy appearance. The seam, known as the Black Creek seam, is said to have produced some of the highest quality coal available in the country at the time.
A map of the Brilliant Branch and associated placemarks has been created and made available for download. Check back for updates and corrections on the map and the article.
This article is a work in progress, and further information, corrections, or any insight would be greatly appreciated.
SOURCES, REFERENCES, AND FURTHER READING
Brilliant Coal Co advertisement
Financial report from 1903
Brilliant Branch extension plans
More extension details
Extremely informative thread on Frisco discussion forums
Photo of Frisco locomotive in Winfield学术列表在这里
芝加哥哥伦比亚学院位于美国第三大人口城市的中心, 也是世界上最具创造力和前瞻性的城市之一. 找到我们是件轻而易举的事, 多亏了多个州际公路和广泛的公共交通系统.
九游会平台在芝加哥市中心的南环线上有十几栋建筑.您可以在600 S找到我们的招生办公室和校园参观的起点. 密歇根大街. 乘公共交通工具可以很方便地到达我们的校园, 数不清的L型火车和公共汽车停靠在我们的大楼前.
南环路有很多停车场. 该地区的停车费从10美元到25美元以上不等，周末的价格可能有所不同. 我们不建议在街上停车.
我们建议通过SpotHero提前预订方便和实惠的停车位, 节省高达50%的驱车费用.
新SpotHero? 下载应用程序 使用代码colummedu可以在你的第一个公园节省10%的费用.Move the sliders to see how changing the parameters a, b, and c affects the shape and position of the graph.
1. If a is negative, what happens to the graph? 2. As |a| increases, what happens to the graph? 3. How does changing c affect the graph? 4. b affects position of the vertex. Change b while keeping a and c the same. Try to find the rule for the x-coordinate of the vertex based on the values of a, b and c.A fast, green and one-step method for producing porous carbon spheres—a component for carbon capture technology and for new ways of storing renewable energy—has been developed by Swansea University researchers.
Carbon spheres range in size from nanometers to micrometers. storage and conversion, catalysis, gas adsorption and storage, drug and enzyme delivery, and water treatment. Microscopy image a) shows agglomerated spheres while single spheres can be seen from images b-d). Credit: ESRI, Swansea University
The method produces spheres that have good capacity for carbon capture, and it works effectively at a large scale. The research was published in the journal Carbon.
Carbon spheres range in size from nanometers to micrometers. Over the past decade they have begun to play an important role in areas such as energy storage and conversion, catalysis, gas adsorption and storage, drug and enzyme delivery, and water treatment. They are also at the heart of carbon capture technology.
Existing methods of making carbon spheres have drawbacks. They can be expensive or impractical, or they produce spheres that perform poorly in capturing carbon. Some use biomass, making them more environmentally friendly, but they require a chemical to activate them.
The work of the Swansea team points the way towards a better, cleaner and greener way of producing carbon spheres.
The team adapted chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which involves using heat to apply a coating to a material. Using pyromellitic acid as both carbon and oxygen source, they applied the CVD method at different temperatures, from 600-900 °C. They then studied how efficiently the spheres were capturing CO2 at different pressures and temperatures. They found that:
800 °C was the optimum temperature for forming carbon spheres;
The ultramicropores in the spheres that were produced gave them a high carbon capture capacity at both atmospheric and lower pressures;
Specific surface area and total pore volume were influenced by the deposition temperature, leading to an appreciable change in overall carbon dioxide capture capacity;
At atmospheric pressure the highest CO2 adsorption capacities, measured in millimolars per gram, for the best carbon spheres, were around 4.0 at 0 °C and 2.9 at 25 °C.
This new approach brings several advantages over existing methods of producing carbon spheres.
It is alkali-free and it doesn’t need a catalyst to trigger the shaping of the spheres.
It uses a cheap and safe feedstock which is readily available in the market. There is no need for solvents to purify the material.
It is a rapid and safe procedure.
Saeed Khodabakhshi, Sajad Kiani, Yubiao Niu, Alvin Orbaek White, Wafa Suwaileh, Richard E. Palmer, Andrew R. Barron, Enrico Andreoli (2021) “Facile and environmentally friendly synthesis of ultramicroporous carbon spheres: A significant improvement in CVD method,” Carbon, Volume 171, Pages 426-436, doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2020.08.056جمهوری خواهان را خوار خود را با انتخاب خود را اجازه می دهد شاهد به شهادت طول سنا استیضاح محاکمه, اما هنوز هم وجود دارد یک راه که آنها می توانند از تکمیل patsies: می توانید آنها را سرزنش تهمت خود را برای سوء استفاده از قدرت و به طور رسمی به او هشدار می دهند نیست به آن را دوباره.
Joe Manchin غرب ویرجینیا از حزب دموکرات که می خواهم در نظر گرفته شده است یکی از معدود اعضای حزب است که می تواند رای در برابر رئیس جمهور مقالات از استیضاح خواهان یک قطعنامه به سرزنش مغلوب ساختن پیشی جستن در روز دوشنبه. در نظر من وجود دارد حداقل سه دلیل برای جمهوری خواهان به معرفی و رای حمایت خود را از قطعنامه انجام درست آن.
آن است که سازگار با شعارهای بسیاری نوروزی. در نظر بگیرید برای مثال این بیانیه از لامار الکساندر بازنشستگی سناتور که رای در برابر شاهدان ساخته مغلوب ساختن پیشی جستن را تبرئه یک عمل انجام شده. “[T]در اینجا این است که بدون نیاز به شواهد بیشتری برای اثبات چیزی است که در حال حاضر ثابت شده است که برآورده نمی کند, قانون اساسی ایالات متحده را در نوار بالا برای یک impeachable جرم او گفت:” در این بیانیه است.Ten homeschooling tips from Homeschool-Curriculum-4u.com
Teaching Your Child At Home
With Homeschool-Curriculum_4u.com you have a good source of homeschool teaching articles, ideas, resources, and curriculum information at your fingertips. Also tip guides and how-to's to help you successfully teach your child at home.
Teaching Phonics -
Generally within the subject of phonics, the best place to begin is by teaching the child the short vowel sounds. The long vowel sounds are just a repeat of the alphabetic letter itself. A good way to get and keep the child’s interest during
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�斥锁在摘取自AQS这个类的注释，通过实现一个简单的互斥锁来说明AQS的使用方式。Mutex内部类Sync的类实现了Lock接口，所以需实现与锁有关的方法，比如lock、unlock。在Mutex内部，有一个静态内部类Sync继承AbstractQueuedSynchronizer，重写了tryAcquire、tryRelease等相关方法。所以我们分析AQS独占模式的获取与释放资源时，只需从Mutex的lock、unlock方法开始即可。
lock方法的代码如下：
1
public void lock() {
lock方法体内只调用了sync的acquire方法，并传入参数1，acquire方法的实现在AQS中，代码如下：
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public final void acquire(int arg) {
在acquire方法体内，首先会调用tryAcquire方法，来尝试获取锁，注意该方法在AQS中是这样的：
1
protected boolean tryAcquire(int arg) {
可以看出该方法AQS并没有提供实现，说明子类在使用独占模式时，必须提供该方法的实现。tryRelease方法也是如此。所以我们来看Mutex内部类Sync的tryAcquire方法的实现：
1
public boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
在子类的tryAcquire方法体内，首先会调用compareAndSetState方法将state的值由0设置为1，该方法是在AQS中的，代码如下：
1
protected final boolean compareAndSetState(int expect, int update) {
在compareAndSetState方法中，我们可以发现是直接调用了STATE的compareAndSet方法，这个又是什么呢？这个是使用了JDK9新引入的Variable Handles，来实现CAS操作，详细信息请参考：用Variable Handles来替换Unsafe。我们现在可以知道，对于compareAndSetState方法，cas成功，返回true；cas失败，返回false。
回到Sync的tryAcquire方法，如果state由0设置为1，返回true；否则返回失败。如果成功的话，调用setExclusiveOwnerThread方法设置独占模式下的线程为当前线程，同时返回true；否则返回false。
Sync的tryAcquire方法走完，再次回到AQS中的acquire方法，如果tryAcquire返回true，说明尝试获取锁成功，此时acquire方法直接返回，当前线程获取独占资源成功，流程结束；当tryAcquire返回false，说明尝试获取锁失败，接着就会调用
acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg)，注意这里的arg为1。在调用acquireQueued方法的时候，首先会调用
addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE)方法，并将其返回值作为参数。
addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE)方法的实现如下：
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private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {
addWaiter方法与JDK8版本有所改动。首先根据传入的参数调用Node的构造函数创建一个Node对象，Node的构造函数如下：
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/** Constructor used by addWaiter. */
注意nextWaiter参数的值是Node.EXCLUSIVE，而Node.EXCLUSIVE的值为null，所以nextWaiter等于未赋值，然后调用TH
READ.set(this, Thread.currentThread())将刚才新建的Node节点的thread属性通过CAS赋值为当前线程。
回到addWaiter方法，创建完Node节点后，就进入了一个无限循环体，在无限循环体内，首先获取CLH的尾节点，并且判断是否为null，所以就有两种情况：
- 尾节点为null
我们先看为null的情况，此时调用initializeSyncQueue方法初始化CLH队列，initializeSyncQueue方法的实现如下：
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/**
在initializeSyncQueue方法中，有一个Node类型的h局部变量，然后利用CAS将CLH的head节点由null设置为一个初始化Node对象，注意此时无任何参数，此时将会调用Node的无参构造函数，且Node的无参构造函数没有其他实现：
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/** Establishes initial head or SHARED marker. */
如果CAS设置成功，将CLH的尾节点也设置为刚才的h对象。注意在CLH中，head为null，tail也必为null，所以tail直接赋值即可。
- 尾节点不为null
当尾节点不为null时，会调用刚才创建node节点的
node.setPrevRelaxed(oldTail)方法，setPrevRelaxed的实现如下：
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final void setPrevRelaxed(Node p) {
即当前的节点node的前驱节点CAS设置为原来CLH的尾节点，就是把node放在CLH队列的队尾。
接着走compareAndSetTail(oldTail, node)方法，其实此时不看源码我们就可以知道这个方法在干嘛，就是更新CLH的尾节点为当前节点（CAS），成功返回true，失败返回false。代码如下：
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/**
然后回到addWaiter方法，如果compareAndSetTail返回true，将原来的尾节点的next字段更新为的刚才新建的节点，最后返回刚才新建的节点，跳出无限for循环。
注意上述操作是在无限for循环里面的，跳出无限for循环的条件为CLH不为空，并且新创建的节点（携带当前线程）成功入队至队尾，最后返回该新建的节点，这也是addWaiter方法的作用。
从上面的流程可以看出，CLH的头节点不包含线程信息。
ok，addWaiter方法执行完毕，携带当前线程的节点已经成功入队了，让我们返回到AQS的acquire方法，接着执行
acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg)方法，注意此时
addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE)的返回值为刚才已经入队的Node节点（携带当前线程），arg的值为1。下面来看acquireQueued方法的实现：
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/**
这个方法是什么作用呢？前面分析的addWaiter方法只是将线程包装为Node节点入队，但对当前线程没有任何操作，是不是需要将刚才入队的线程挂起呢？后面如何唤醒该线程，依据是什么？可见该方法之重要性，一定要弄明白。
首先有一个interrupted标志，默认为false，下面又来了一个无线循环，不过是在try语句块内。在无线循环体内，先调用node节点的predecessor方法，predecessor方法的源码如下：
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final Node predecessor() {
predecessor方法是获得node节点的前驱节点p，接着判断p是否等于head头节点，并且又调用了tryAcquire(arg)方法。
p == head 说明当前节点虽然进到了阻塞队列，但是阻塞队列的第一个，因为它的前驱是head，head不持有线程信息。所以这里可以试着再获取下资源，因为前面已经没有持有线程的节点了，为什么不抢^_^。
如果上面两个操作都返回true
说明当前节点为阻塞队列CLH的第一个持有线程的节点，并且获取资源成功。接着会执行setHead方法，代码如下：
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/**
这个操作是啥意思？在addWaiter方法中不是已经设置head节点了吗，怎么又设置了一遍？看注释是让刚才创建的头节点gc掉，用node替代。注意此时的node的waitStatus在后面会变，所以head的waitStatus值也会变。
接着设置node的next后继节点为null，返回false，退出无限for循环。
如果上面两个操作有一个返回false或者都返回false
说明当前节点不是阻塞队列CLH的第一个持有线程的节点，或者没有抢占资源成功，再或者两者都没有。就会接着执行
shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node)方法，
shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire的源码如下：
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/**
注意第一个参数p为当前新创建节点的前驱节点，第二个参数node为当前新创建节点。上面方法的逻辑在注释里面已经写清楚了我们总结一下：
shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire（注意该方法是在循环里面） 这个方法最终会返回true或者false，从这个方法的名称可以看出，该方法的作用是在当前线程获取资源失败后是否挂起当前线程，显然：
- 返回true，说明前驱节点的waitStatus==-1，是正常情况，那么当前线程需要被挂起，等待以后被唤醒。当前节点是被前驱节点唤醒，就等着前驱节点拿到锁，然后释放锁的时候通知当前线程
- 返回false，说明当前线程不需要被挂起，因为不符合挂起的条件。
让我们返回到acquireQueued方法，如果shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node)返回true，接下来就会执行下面这段代码：
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interrupted |= parkAndCheckInterrupt();
是不是很懵逼？这是啥操作，其实上面这段代码等价于：
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interrupted = interrupted | parkAndCheckInterrupt();
这下清楚了吧，按位或
|属于位运算，有一得1。那么布尔值占用多少字节呢？在Java虚拟机中，布尔类型在虚拟机规范中用int代替，只有0和1两个值，所以应该是4字节。所以只要interrupted 和 parkAndCheckInterrupt()有一个返回true，最终interrupted的值就是true了。
接着就是parkAndCheckInterrupt方法，用来挂起当前的线程，返回中断标志。代码如下:
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/**
注意入队与挂起线程操作不响应中断，只是返回线程中断标志，这一点从上面的代码就可以看出来。
在acquireQueued方法中，for循环是在try语句块里面的，所以这块代码会出现异常，下面有catch语句块。在JDK8中，没有catch语句块，有一个finally语句块，这是两个版本之间的差异。
此时我们可能会思考，那个地方会出现异常呢？于是乎我们查看上面我们分析过的代码，发现没有方法会抛出异常，在
acquireQueued方法上方，有这样一段注释：
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/*
发现了啥？
tryAcquire可能会抛出异常，注意这个方法是由继承AQS的子类重写的，AQS框架不保证调用该方法会不会出问题，所以只要
tryAcquire抛异常，就会走到catch语句块里，代码如下：
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cancelAcquire(node);
首先会调用cancelAcquire方法取消继续获取锁，cancelAcquire方法的源码如下：
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/**
在该方法中会调用一个方法unparkSuccessor，该方法的作用就是为了释放node节点的后继结点。
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/**
上面说了这么多，看起来云里雾里，下面就整张流程图吧，看到比较清晰：
CLH流程：
现在我们就可以梳理一下互斥锁获取锁时CLH队列的变化。假设现在有一个线程通过tryAcquire直接获取了锁，并未进CLH队列，所以CLH队列尚未初始化。当线程还未释放锁（unlock），线程1来获取锁了，此时就需要初始化CLH队列（new Node()）：
初始化CLH后，就会将线程1包装成Node节点，入队至队尾，此时Head的节点变更为线程1的Node节点，此时的 waitStatus 没有设置， java 默认会设置为 0，但是到 shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire 这个方法的时候，线程1 会把前驱节点，也就是head的waitStatus设置为-1。
如果再有一个线程2获取锁，同样也会入队，同时将前驱节点即线程1的Node节点的waitStatus设置为-1。
前面获取到资源后，必须释放已获得的资源。
独占模式下首先执行AbstractQueuedSynchronizer（AQS）的release方法，在这个方法中首先会调用子类的Sync的tryRelease方法，来进行尝试释放锁，如果返回true，那么获取CLH队列的头结点，判断头结点不为空并且头结点的状态不为0（None），那么就调用AQS的unparkSuccessor方法。
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public final boolean release(int arg) {
在tryRelease方法里，判断当前线程是不是获取独占锁的线程，如果不是，直接抛出异常；如果是，设置独占锁线程为null，最后设置下state的值（注意这里c为0不为0都会设置）
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// Releases the lock by setting state to zero
接下来来看方法unparkSuccessor，该方法的作用就是为了唤醒node节点的后继结点。
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/**
释放资源流程图如下：
- acquireInterruptibly 和 acquire 方法，带
Interruptibly后缀区别？
在AQS源码中，带
Interruptibly后缀的方法会响应线程中断，即如果当前被中断了，就会抛出
InterruptedException，而不带
Interruptibly后缀的方法不会响应线程中断，仅是设置线程中断标志
- unparkSuccessor 方法为何要从后往前遍历？
在上面的释放资源的源码中，我们注意到unparkSuccessor方法
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sector will have to be transformed into an automated GPS-guided driverless network running on smart roads and rail systems. The introduction of electric and fuel cell transportation will require millions of electric vehicle charging stations, connected to the Energy Internet. Smart roads, equipped with millions of sensors feeding real-time information on traffic flows and the movement of freight will have to be installed.
The establishment of the Third Industrial Revolution infrastructure will necessitate the active engagement of virtually every commercial sector, spur commercial innovations, promote small and midsize enterprises, and employ millions of workers over the next 40 years. The power and electricity utilities; transportation and logistics; and the telecommunication, construction, electronics, manufacturing, biotech and retail industries will all need to be brought into the process. Many of today’s leading companies, as well as new commercial players, will help establish and manage the Internet of Things platform, allowing millions of others—small, medium and large-sized businesses, nonprofit enterprises, and prosumers—to produce and use renewable energy, transportation and logistics, and a panoply of other goods and services at low marginal cost in the exchange economy or at near zero marginal cost in the sharing economy.
The alternative—staying entrenched in the sunset of the Second Industrial Revolution with fewer economic opportunities, a slowing of GDP, diminishing productivity, rising unemployment and an ever-more polluted environment—is unthinkable, and would set humanity on a long-term course of economic contraction and decline in the quality of life of its citizenry.
We are on the cusp of a promising new economic era with farreaching benefits for humankind. What’s required now is a global commitment to phase in the platform of the Internet of Things to facilitate the transition to a digitized zero marginal cost society if we are to create a more just, humane and ecologically sustainable society.
Jeremy Rifkin W67 is the author of The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the Collaborative Commons and the Eclipse of Capitalism and The Third Industrial Revolution: How Lateral Power is Transforming Energy, the Economy and the World. He is an adviser to the European Union and to heads of state around the world, and president of the Foundation on Economic Trends in Washington, D.C. He has taught in the Executive Education program at the Wharton School since 1995.به گزارش خبرگزاری فارس از تبریز، یعقوب هوشیار ظهر امروز در جلسه علنی شورای اسلامی شهر تبریز اظهار داشت: از اعضای محترم شورای شهر که در سه ماه گذشته در کنار مجموعه شهرداری بودند تشکر می کنم. برای اجرای اقدامات و برنامه های شهرداری. پروژه ها و برنامه های شهرداری یک تلاش جمعی است و شورای اسلامی شهر و شهرداری در آن مشارکت دارند.
وی ادامه داد: گزارش عملکرد منابع و هزینه ها را به صورت رسمی به شورای شهر ارائه کرده ایم و در سایت اطلاع رسانی نیز بارگذاری شده است.
شهردار تبریز گفت: شورای شهر افزایش حقوق ۵۷ درصدی را در نظر نگرفت و علاوه بر آن تغییر وضعیت باعث افزایش هزینه های جاری نیز شده است که برای این منظور در ۱۱ محور کاهش هزینه های جاری کار می کنیم.
وی افزود: اولویت ما ارائه خدمات در مناطق کم برخوردار است چرا که اعضای شورای شهر نیز بر توزیع عادلانه خدمات و منابع تاکید دارند.
هوشیار گفت: ۷۰۰ میلیارد تومان اوراق مشارکت جمع آوری شده که ۵۰۰ میلیارد تومان آن به مترو و ۲۰۰ میلیارد تومان به اتوبوس ها اختصاص یافته است.
وی در پایان گفت: ۲۰۰ میلیارد تومان وام نوسازی شهری به شهرداری تبریز اعطا شده است که در تغییر چهره بافت مرکزی شهر موثر خواهد بود.
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Delta Hava yolları, gelecek 6 ayın planlamasında ticari uçuşlarda artış ihtimalinin fazla olmadığını öngörerek, 1,941 pilotunun işine ekim ayında son verecek. Delta tarafından paylaşılan şirket içi bir notta, 1,806 pilotun gönüllü olarak emekli olmasına rağmen şirketin azaltılmış uçuş takvimi için hala gerekenden fazla pilotu olacağı belirtildi. Şirket “Hava yolları Pilotları Sendikası” ile anlaşıldığı takdirde, pilot ücretlerinin azaltılarak, işten çıkarmalardan kaçınılabileceğini de söyledi.
Şirketin uçuş operasyonları kıdemli başkan yardımcısı John Laughter, “Altı aydır bu krizin içerisindeyiz ve sadece gelirimizin %25’i karşılandı” dedi ve “Maalesef önümüzdeki altı ayda bu gidişatı değiştirecek çok az katalizör görüyoruz” diye ekledi. Delta yaptığı açıklamayla beraber ABD’de, federal finansal yardımlarla desteklenen iş koruma programının bitmesiyle, 30 Eylül’den sonra binlerce kişinin işten çıkarılma riski olduğunun da altını çizmiş oldu.
ABD Kongresi'nde, işgücü üzerinde aynı kısıtların devam ettirilmesini öngören, ödeme desteği programının altı ay uzatılması hakkındaki tartışmalar ise şu an çıkmazda. Seyahat talebi, neredeyse geçen yılın üçte birinden az olduğu biliniyor.L'«Università della singolarità» ci preparerà per un'era in cui le macchine saranno gli esseri più intelligenti
SAN FRANCISCO (USA) – Forse verrà ricordato come il primo passo verso il superamento dell'umano. O invece soltanto come un investimento sbagliato. Certo desta impressione che, nonostante la crisi, due punte della ricerca avanzata come Google e la Nasa abbiano deciso di investire per la creazione di un'università destinata ad addestrare dei «futurologi», ossia scienziati pronti ad affrontare un’era in cui le macchine saranno più intelligenti dell’uomo. Un futuro quest'ultimo che ricorda saghe cinematografiche celebri, come quella di Terminator o di Matrix, dove le macchine alla fine prendono il sopravvento sull'umanità.
SINGOLARITA' – Il nuovo istituto, scrive il quotidiano britannico «The Financial Times», si chiamerà «Singularity University» e sarà guidato da Ray Kurzweil, controverso inventore, informatico e saggista statunitense che ha previsto, in un celebre saggio del 2005 «The singularity is near (la singolarità è vicina)» per la metà di questo secolo, la nascita di una nuova civiltà in cui l’intelligenza artificiale supererà le facoltà umane, un periodo da lui definito «singolarità tecnologica». In sostanza la singolarità è un punto, previsto nello sviluppo di una civilizzazione, dove il progresso tecnologico accelera oltre la capacità di comprendere e prevedere degli esseri umani per come sono ora.
Per citare lo statistico americano I. J. Good: «Una macchina ultraintelligente potrebbe progettare macchine sempre migliori; quindi, ci sarebbe una “esplosione di intelligenza”, e l'intelligenza dell'uomo sarebbe lasciata molto indietro. Quindi, la prima macchina ultraintelligente sarà l'ultima invenzione che l'uomo avrà la necessità di fare».
Fonte: http://www.corriere.it/scienze_e_tecnologie/09_febbraio_03/universita_singolarita_nasa_google_e8451594-f1d9-11dd-9d2c-00144f02aabc.shtml美国股票“扳倒”系统，优先打败中国
前言、美国股票扳倒系统
一、粒子基因科技让50万亿美元债务回零，
二、技术已经成熟看中国，美国，俄罗斯的反应
三、科学不会在中国反响一群盗贼统治的黑帮国家
四、美国关注游离在国际体系之外的猎物，中国
五、美国投机留下一个经济空间蛇皮的泰国
六、粒子基因武器的博弈大战成就了美帝国主义
七、总统一个按纽让盟友加入战争竞赛
八、华盛顿觉得北京开始展示实体政治的愿望
前言、美国股票扳倒系统
博弈科学家发现了粒子基因的取胜理论；创造了符号语言和三维实体编码，它引起了美国中央情报局的注意，美国国防部企图利用这一科技原理，策划成粒子基因武器。美国战争预言家发现了粒子基因武器，是战争的最好方式，在动用核武器之前，优先用粒子基因武器对敌人的经济给以毁灭性打击，只有粒子基因武器具备有这个能力与价值！
美国股票扳倒系统的组建，引起了世人的关注。美国先学习中国是怎样敲诈人民的，美国再敲诈中国，绑架世界。实现美帝国主义的实体经济战略。
粒子基因武器属于五角大楼的绝密军事科技，目前五角大楼的官员们尚未明确定义这个术语。
一、粒子基因科技让50万亿美元债务回零，
美国
如果欠一个人的钱，把他赶走
假如欠两个人的钱，把他打跑
如果欠钱不想换，就用武力威慑，
假如欠了3万多亿美元，那就印钱还他。
2008年金融危机，美联储印钞票1.75万亿美元还了国债，让金融系统走出危机。
美联储的印钞行为并没有引起人们更多的关注。 说一�
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d Vector graphics
Bitmap or raster images, use a grid or array of pixels to represent an image. The grid is made up of squares or pixels. Each pixel is given a specific color and brightness. If you enlarge a bitmap graphic, you will eventually see the grid.
Digital photos, scanned images, and captured video frames are by neccesity bitmap graphics.
Vector graphics are made up of shapes, lines and curves that are defined mathematically.
When you draw a circle or create a piece of text with a vector-based application (such as Adobe Illustrator), it keeps track of the lines and angles that make up objects. From this mathematical data, it draws the display. We can scale a piece of vector artwork up to any size, and it will still retain its quality.
Fonts or typefaces are examples of vector graphic objects. You can scale fonts up as much as you want and the edges will never become jagged.
You can turn this feature on and off. It produces intermediately shaded pixels to smooth out the appearance of jagged edges. Note the anti-aliasing which is apparent on the enlarged image on the right hand side.
Text is the most important element used to convey information in graphics. Whether a lower third, the price of a product, stock market figures crawling across the screen, or the final scrolling credits at the end of a production, knowing how to properly use text is essential to graphic production.
It's also possible to make compelling pieces of art based primarily on text. Check out these examples:
Serif and Sans-serif
Serifs are small details found on the end of some fonts. In typography we can describe a font as either serif or sans-serif. (Sans means without.)
Arial and Helvetica are examples of sans serif typefaces.
Times and Courier are examples of seriffed typefaces.
Typographers generally believe that large blocks of text are more easily read by using a seriffed typeface. This is why books, newspapers and magazines primarily use seriffed typefaces in the main body of text.
Tracking, kerning & leading
Tracking refers to the horizontal spacing of an entire group
of letters on the same line.
Kerning is the space between individual letters.
For example youd want to kern a small case letter o
to fit underneath the capital letter T.
Leading (pronounced like bedding) is the vertical spacing between lines of text.
Photoshop lets you work on and save in a number of different color modes
and file formats. If you open a file in Photoshop and select "Save As" from the file menu, you will get a screen similar to this:
- Photoshop (.PSD) is the default file format and can support multiple layers and alpha channels.
- BMP (BitMaPped) is a Windows compatible image format (supports alpha channels)
- Compuserve GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) only supports up to 256 colors (web-friendly & supports alpha channels).
- Dicom (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) is a standard for viewing and viewing medical imaging files.
- EPS Encapsulated PostScript: Can describe both vector & bitmapped
Support by virtually all page layout and desktop publishing programs
- FXG (Flash XML Graphic)
- IFF (Interchange File Format) was developed by Electronic Arts
- JPEG: (.JPG) Joint Photographic Experts Group: uses variable compression (*lossy).
(Web-friendly but no alpha channels.) Does support 24 bit (true) color.
- * Lossy vs lossless: Whenever you open something (like a JPEG) and
save it again it loses some detail. This is know as lossy.
- PCX (Personal Computer eXchange): PC based image format developed for PC Paintbrush
- Photoshop (.PDF) Portable Document Format: Used by Adobe Acrobat. No alpha channel
support. Notable as it's widely used for both web and print.
- Photoshop Raw: A format with unprocessed (raw) data from digital cameras and film scanners.
- PICT (.PCT) - Widely used on Macs (Supports 24-bit color and alpha channels)
- Pixar: graphic file type developed by Pixar
- PNG (Portable Network Graphic): Supports
24 bit color. (web friendly - supports alpha channels)
- Portable Bit Map: A format designed to facilitate transfering of B&W images via ASCI text
- Scitex: Developed for Scitex equipment used mainly in desktop publishing.
- TIFF (.TIF) tagged image file format: Widely used by all image apps (Supports
- Targa (.TGA) Video format designed around Targa cards. Supported by
most PC-based graphic applications. 32-bit color. Supports alpha channels.
- Photoshop DCS (Desktop color separation) based on EPS fiels, used for desktop publishing.
(File formats in bold are commonly used.)
Graphics are a form of visual communication. They convey a message. The
message should be decipherable by your viewer. Ideally it should be clear
and easy to understand.
The graphics you make in this class should always have a purpose or a message. This
is because in TV we are focused on Applied Art, not Fine
A solid understanding of Photoshop & After Effects is a great place
to start, but its not worth much without a minimal sense of graphic
design skills. Obviously, the TV graphics we make should look good. But
what is good? How do we identify a tastefully composed graphic?
Like painting or photography, TV is a 2-dimensional medium. Most of the
rules that apply to classic art similarly can be applied to TV. Composition
can be described as the orderly arrangement of elements within a scene.
- Static Composition deals with fixed images such as
painting and still graphics
- Dynamic Composition goes a step further & takes
time and motion into account.
Rules of composition and color are very useful to the video graphic designer.
But the screens of our computer and television monitors emit light, and
allow for movement. The entire color system that video and film graphics
are based on (additive color system) is counter to that of the print world
(subtractive color system).
Subjective and objective analysis for judging the aesthetics of TV graphics
is weak. While personal opinions will always vary, Ive identified
some general guidelines that serve as a good starting point.
Make sure you are familiar with Jim's
For those looking for a good visual design book I recommend Robin William's Non-Designer's Design Book. This is a wonderful, inexpensive primer on how to approach layout. Four basic principles include:
Some good examples to ponder:
- Main interface
- Tools (keyboard shortcuts, foreground background etc)
- Tool option bar
- Windows (remember the small arrow on right hand side)
- Navigator, options, info
- Swatches, colors, brushes
- Layers, channels, paths window
- Preferences: pixels are more helpful than inches
- Color modes: Use RGB for video/web graphic work
- Color picker
- Layers (making new, merging, rasterizing,)
- Text (kerning, leading, tracking baseline shift)
In-Class Photoshop Exercise - 5 points
Create a 1920x1080-sized TV graphic that promotes a show or event, or has some specific purpose. Be sure to use the
- Use only two colors. Most TV graphics use ony a few colors that work well together. You can come up with variations on a color (hue) by varying
the amount of saturation and brightness.
- Use only shapes (circles,
squares, etc.) and at least two
separate text elements.
- Follow the technical guidelines in Jim's
Graphic Tips. Can you put the principles of CRAP to work? (Contrast, Repetition, Alignment, Proximity)
- Place a full-size JPEG copy of your Photoshop document and
the original in your week 1 folder in
the OnCourse T354 Resources/Week 1 folder. Be
sure to save both files named as your username.
(I.E. jarkraus.psd & jarkraus.jpg)
A note about working with layers and saving copies- Always keep your
original layers intact. You may need to manipulate these later & make
changes. You can flatten copies for display or distribution.
If you are unfamiliar with Photoshop, work through
some optional exercises. There are excellent tutorials on Lynda.com. There is a tour of the interface in the
Photoshop CS Help PDF. There is also a good
tour in the "help" section. If you have PS Classroom in a Book, work
through Tour and Working
tutorial. Layer Basics is also a good introductory exercise.
Vocabulary (know these)
- Anti-aliasing You can turn this feature on and off. It produces
intermediately shaded pixels to smooth out the appearance of jagged
- Bitmap & vector graphics
- CMYK (subtractive) color mode
- Kerning Adjustment of the space between a pair of letters on
the same line. Proportional fonts typically "auto kern". In this manner
a small letter o can be tucked under the top of the capital letter
T (To). Most design programs let you adjust the kerning between two
characters by positioning the cursor between them and then holding
down the option key while pressing the left/right arrow key.
- Leading the space between different lines of text
- RGB (additive) color mode
- Sans-serif type
- Serif type
- Tracking - similar to kerning in that it is a control of horizontal
spacing. However tracking controls the spacing of a entire
line of text, not just a pair of characters.
Homework (due next week by the start of lab):
- Burrows & Wood reading (Chapter 10
- Graphic Analysis Homework: In this exercise you will find and analyze 2 graphics that are used in TV commercials, titles, segues or promos.
- Record/TIVO a commercial TV channel for
20 minutes or so in order to capture some content. Alternatively,
you can use Hulu, Netflix, Youtube, etc.
Find two examples of graphics that you find pleasing. One should be simple (E.g. Apple ad) while the other can be complex (E.g. promo for Nature documentary). The graphics must be from a broadcast TV stream or signal (not a web banner ad). Using either screen capture software or a digital camera, grab screenshots of the two different graphics. Make sure that one
is complex and the other is relatively simple.
- Write a 2-3 paragraph analysis of the two TV graphics. Include your JPEG screen captures. Consider the following: What was its purpose? What colors
were used? What can you say in terms of composition, texture, contrast,
font selection, foreground or background elements? Were they effective?
Were they pleasing to you? Why or why not?
- NOTE: You will turn in your homework electronically (via Oncourse). It should be in the form of a Word doc or PDF. (Alternatively you can supply a link to a web page or blog entry that you have created.) Please make a folder called your username in the Resources/Week2/ folder. Place a copy of your homework (or link to your web page) inside your folder. Please make sure it is called "analysis".
Back to Jim's T354 Home pageBatı Bloku veya Kapitalist BlokKasım 9, 2018
II. Dünya Savaşı sonrasında SSCB’nin yayılma tehlikesi karşısında İngiltere Başbakanı Winston Churchill (Vinstın Çörçıl), ABD’ye bu tehdidi önlemek için çağrıda bulundu.
İngiltere, 21 Şubat 1947’de ABD’ye Türkiye ve Yunanistan’la ilgili uyarı niteliğinde iki nota verdi. Bu notalarda Türkiye ve Yunanistan’ın Batı savunması için önemi vurgulandı. Bu sebeple bu ülkelere askerî ve ekonomik yardım yapılması gerektiğini ancak İngiltere’nin içinde bulunduğu ekonomik sıkıntılar nedeniyle bu yardımları yapamayacağını belirtti. İngiltere’nin Yunanistan’daki askerlerini de geri çekmek zorunda olduğu açıklandı. SSCB tehdidine karşı ABD’nin sorumluluk üstlenmesi istendi.
SSCB’nin girişimleri ve yayılmacı tutumu karşısında ABD Uzak Doğu’da, Doğu Akdeniz’de ve Orta Avrupa’da harekete geçti. Böylece II. Dünya Savaşı’nda müttefik olan ABD ile SSCB arasında savaş sonrasında iş birliği yerine çatışma süreci başlamış oldu. Batı Bloku’nun liderliğini üstlenen ABD, SSCB’yi çevreleme politikası izledi. ABD’nin Batı Bloku’nun liderliğini üstlenmesiyle İngiltere, Avrupa’daki üstünlüğünü ABD’ye bıraktı.
Batı Blokunun Teşkilatları
SSCB’nin yayılmacı politikasının karşısında kendisini “Hür Dünya” olarak adlandıran Batı Bloku ülkeleri ABD öncülüğünde belli alanlarda teşkilatlanmalara gitti. Bu teşkilatlar askerî, ekonomik ve siyasi alanlarda gerçekleşti. Böylece II. Dünya Savaşı’nın getirdiği olumsuz şartlarla var olan SSCB tehdidine tek başına direnmesi mümkün olmayan ülkelerin bir araya getirilerek bu durum aşılmaya çalışıldı.
NATO ve Avrupa Konseyi gibi oluşumlar bu amaçla kuruldu. Ayrıca Truman Doktrini ve Marshall yardımı projesi de bu siyaseti destekleyen adımlardı.
Truman Doktrini
ABD Başkanı Harry S. Truman (Hery S. Truman), 12 Mart 1947’de Avrupa’yı desteklemek ve güçlendirmek için Truman Doktrini’ni ilan etti. Truman, Amerikan Kongresine sunduğu bildiride Türkiye ve Yunanistan’a yardım yapılması için kendisine yetki verilmesini istedi. Amerikan Kongresinde; SSCB tehdidine karşılık Yunanistan’a 300 milyon, Türkiye’ye de 100 milyon dolarlık yardımın yapılması kabul edildi.
ABD, Truman Doktrini ile iki temel amaca ulaşmaya çalıştı: Bu amaçlardan öncelikli olanı dünyanın neresinde olursa olsun SSCB’nin yayılmasını engellemek ABD’nin ekonomik ve siyasal hâkimiyetinin genişlemesini sağlamaktı. İkinci amaç ise SSCB tehdidine karşı Türkiye ve Yunanistan’a askerî yardım yapmaktı.
Marshall Planı
ABD, Avrupa’nın ekonomik yönden güçlü olduğu takdirde SSCB’nin siyasi yayılmacılığına karşı koyabileceğini düşünüyordu. Bu nedenle ABD, 1945- 1946 yılları arasında Batı Avrupa ülkelerine 15 milyar dolarlık yardımda bulundu. Ancak ABD’nin yardımları Avrupa’nın ekonomik ve siyasi sorunlarını çözmeye yeterli değildi.
ABD Dışişleri Bakanı George Marshall (Corç Marşal), 5 Haziran 1947’de yaptığı açıklamada ABD’nin, Avrupa’nın ekonomik kalkınması için yapacağı girişimden önce, Avrupa ülkelerinin kendi aralarında ekonomik iş birliği
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ucleic acids (RNAs) provide valuable information for biological systems and act as important indicators of disease states. RNAs are diverse in size and structure, and various strategies have been proposed for the detection of nucleic acids; however, developing them into point-of-care (POC) tests has been challenging as most of them consist of complex time-consuming steps. Here, we propose a strategy to assay RNAs using a hairpin-loop (HP) converter and proximity proteolysis reaction (PPR). Interaction between the loop part of HP and its target exposes a single strand of nucleotides, which acts as the template for PPR. A pair of protease and zymogen-conjugated nucleic acids associates with the adjacent regions of the template, resulting in an enhanced proteolysis reaction between protease and zymogen. The activated zymogen then generates a color signal through the hydrolysis of a chromogenic substrate. The combination of HP converter and PPR allowed the same pair of protease- and zymogen-nucleic acids to be used for different RNAs. Guidelines were provided for designing HP converters based on computational analyses and experimental characterizations. This strategy using an HP converter and PPR has been successfully applied to develop simple isothermal methods for the detection of various RNAs, including several microRNAs and KRAS mRNA, in the picomolar range in 1 h. The simplicity of designing HP converters and the beneficial properties of PPR as POC tests would enable the development of novel methods to detect RNAs under low-resource conditions.
|Journal||Biosensors and Bioelectronics|
|Publication status||Published - 2022 Feb 1|
- Hairpin loop
- Proximity proteolysis reaction
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biomedical EngineeringElijah Wood Onun Hamile Yönetmen Kız Arkadaşı ile Görüldü
'Yüzüklerin Efendisi' yıldızı Elijah Wood ilk çocuğunu kız arkadaşı Mette-Marie Kongsved ile bekliyor gibi görünüyor.
İkili, Pazartesi günü Best Buy'da elektronik için durmadan önce Los Angeles'ta mobilya alışverişinde görüldü.
Wood ve Kongsved, henüz bir bebek anonsu yapmamalarına rağmen, belirgin bir şekilde büyüyen bebek karnını gizlemek için görünmeden şehir sokaklarında dolaşırken aşık oldular.
Dikkat çekmemiz gereken bir başka ilginç şey - giydiği halka o parmak.
Kongsved, yanık turuncu bir tulum giyerken ve sol yüzük parmağında bir alyans gibi görünen Wood'da kulaktan kulağa gülümsüyor.
Muhteşem hamile kıyafetlerine ek olarak, Danimarkalı film yapımcısı mükemmel yaz aksesuarını taşıdı - şeffaf, plastik bir çanta.
Tırnaklarını ve ayakkabılarını cinsiyet açısından nötr tuttu, bize bebeklerinin cinsiyetinin ne olabileceğine dair bir fikir vermedi.
Woods ve Kongsved, ilişkileri hakkında her zaman sıkı sıkıya sarıldılar, ancak geçen yılın başından beri birbirine bağlılar.
Çift, Şubat ayında bir defile sırasında birlikte fotoğraflandı ve oldukça rahat görünüyordu - her ne kadar onun yumrularını spor yapıyor gibi görünmüyordu.
Aslında, oyuncu yaklaşmakta olan 'Come to Daddy' filminde başrol oynuyor. Gerilim otuzlu yaşlarında, yabancılaşmış babasıyla yeniden bağlantı kurmak için uzak bir kabine giden bir adamla ilgilidir. Ayrıca 2017 bağımsız filmi 'Bu Dünyada Kendimi Evde Hissetmiyorum' filmini de çekti.
Özellikle Hollywood'da bu tür şeyleri uzun süre gizleyemezsiniz!
Görünüşe göre Wood'un kız arkadaşı oldukça uzaktayken, ebeveynlerini beklemek için sadece zaman gösterecek.[ad_1]
لی ناک یون ، نماینده حزب دموکرات ، امروز (دوم) در جلسه عمومی شورای ملی به نماینده سازمان پیمانکاری سخنرانی کرد.
انتظار می رود نماینده لی طرح به اصطلاح “سیستم جدید کمک های اجتماعی” مانند سیستم چهارم برای پرداخت یارانه ها و تقسیم سود را همراه با راه حل هایی برای مشکلات اقتصادی ناشی از کرونا 19 توضیح دهد.
قابل توجه است که آیا موضع خود را در مورد طرح استیضاح و سیاست املاک و مستغلات و غیره ارائه دهید. قضاتی که در دادگاه نونگدان شرکت داشتند.
[ad_2]Raquel Welch
Biografia
Jo Raquel Tejada, in arte Raquel Welch, nasce a Chicago (Illinois, USA) il giorno 5 settembre 1940.
I genitori sono di origine boliviana: all'età di due anni si trasferisce con la famiglia in un sobborgo di San Diego, in California.
La giovane futura promessa del cinema studia danza e inizia a partecipare a numerosi concorsi di bellezza. Nel 1958 sposa James Welch, con il quale ha una figlia, l'attrice Tahnee Welch. In seguito la coppia divorzia.
Raquel Welch esordisce al cinema al fianco di Elvis Presley ne "Il cantante di Luna Park" (1964); dopo alcune esperienze televisive (tra cui "Il virginiano") entra con forza nell'immaginario delle generazioni degli anni Sessanta per il ruolo della prosperosa Loana in "Un milione di anni fa".
Il manifesto di questo film, con il primo piano dell'attrice in abiti primitivi, diviene un simbolo e oggetto di culto; di conseguenza la bellissima Raquel Welch diveta un'icona e sex symbol di quegli anni.
La sua notorietà e la sua bellezza la portano ad affrontare il genere della commedia - ricordiamo "Spara forte, più forte... non capisco!" di Eduardo De Filippo - e il genere western - tra cui spicca "La texana e i fratelli Penitenza" del 1972. Da lì in avanti la sua carriera si limita ad apparizioni in serie televisive e show vari.
Nel 1975 vince un Golden Globe come migliore attrice per il suo ruolo di Costanza Bonacieux nel film "I tre moschettieri" (1973, di Richard Lester, con Oliver Reed, Richard Chamberlain, Michael York, Frank Finlay, Christopher Lee e Charlton Heston).
Dopo quasi venti anni di lontananza dal grande schermo, torna sul grande schermo interpretando se stessa in "Una pallottola spuntata 33⅓ - L'insulto finale" (1994).
Seguono poi alcuni altri film tra cui ricordiamo: "La rivincita delle bionde" (2001).
Negli anni seguenti l'attrice si limita a partecipare ad alcune serie TV.
Nel 2010 pubblica il suo primo libro "Beyond the Cleavage", in cui racconta gli inizi della carriera, i matrimoni, i divorzi; parla soprattutto della cura del proprio corpo.
Nel 2017 Raquel Welch partecipa al film "How to Be a Latin Lover" di Ken Marino.
Si è spenta all'età di 82 anni il 15 febbraio 2023 a Los Angeles.
Frasi di Raquel Welch
Essere un sex symbol è stato un po' come essere un condannato.
Non sono stata una classica madre, ma i miei figli non sono mai stati espulsi da scuola. Non ho cucinato biscotti: si possono comprare i biscotti, ma non si può comprare l'amore.
La mente può anche essere una zona erogena.
[The mind can also be an erogenous zone.]
Tutti quando siamo bambini sogniamo che quando c'è l'amore, tutto fili liscio come la seta, ma la realtà è che il matrimonio richiede molti compromessi.
Visita sul sito Aforismi.meglio.it tutte le frasi di Raquel Welch
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Elvis Presley Eduardo De Filippo Christopher Lee Charlton Heston Cinema Raquel Welch nelle opere letterarie Libri in lingua inglese FilmSabbath School Today
With the 1888 Message Dynamic
The Book of Luke
Lesson 2: Baptism and the Temptations
The 1888 Message "Dynamic": Baptism symbolizes death to self and humble acceptance of the Holy Spirit's power to resist temptation. Without that power, temptation cannot be resisted.
It was not by accident that the Holy Spirit directed Jesus to submit to baptism before He was led into the wilderness to be tempted. Baptism is a demonstration of a choice that the person has made to no longer live for self, but to be symbolically dead to self and alive only in Christ Jesus.
A. T. Jones, one of the 1888 "messengers," describes baptism this way: "For a person to be baptized in his name, signifies much more than merely to have the phrase recited over him and then to be buried in the water. To be baptized in the name of the Lord, really signifies that just as the person is buried, overwhelmed, and lost sight of, in the water, so also is he buried, overwhelmed, and lost sight of, in the name, the character, the nature, of the Lord. It signifies that that person's old, original nature and character are no more to be seen in the world; but in their stead the nature and character of the Lord. It signifies that he is no more to be manifest in the world; but that God, instead of himself, is to be manifest in him in the world.
Why would baptism be necessary for the spotless Lamb of God as John the Baptist implied when he questioned Christ's request? "When Jesus came to be baptized, John recognized in Him a purity of character that he had never before perceived in any man. … How could he, a sinner, baptize the Sinless One? And why should He who needed no repentance submit to a rite that was a confession of guilt to be washed away?" Why would Jesus need to be "buried, overwhelmed, and lost sight of," as A. T. Jones describes above?
Understanding the nature that Jesus assumed at His incarnation is the key. There are two common views regarding the nature of Christ. The majority of theologians who have considered the issue believe that Christ must have taken the nature of Adam before he sinned in the Garden of Eden. This "pre-fall" nature was necessarily sinless. If baptism "signifies that that person's old, original nature and character are no more to be seen in the world…" and Christ came in the pre-fall nature, He would have no need for baptism. The view of the 1888 messengers is that the only reason we are to die to self and signify that by baptism is that we have a nature that is sinful and deserves to be "buried, overwhelmed, and lost sight of."
Because Jesus came "in the likeness of sinful flesh," and would have to overcome temptations in that flesh, He was baptized to signify He was submitting to the power of the Holy Spirit to accomplish His mission. It is important to remember that Christ merely "assumed" or came "in the likeness" of sinful flesh, He did not become sinful. What's the difference and does it matter?
"With regard to the statement that God sent His Son 'in the likeness of sinful flesh,' Waggoner states, 'There is a common idea that this means that Christ simulated sinful flesh, that he did not take upon himself actual sinful flesh, but only what appeared to be such.'
"In rebuttal Waggoner quoted Hebrews 2:17, which affirms that Jesus had 'to be made like unto his brethren, that he might be a merciful and faithful high priest in things pertaining to God, to make reconciliation for the sins of the people.'
"… to establish the reason for Christ coming in the likeness of sinful flesh, Waggoner places side by side Romans 8:3, 4 and 2 Corinthians 5:21. 'The former says that Christ was sent in the likeness of sinful flesh, "that the righteousness of the law might be fulfilled in us." The latter says that God "made him to be sin for us," although he knew no sin, "that we might be made in the righteousness of God in him." …
"To make sure that his public was clear on the point, Waggoner insisted, 'The word was made perfect flesh in Adam, but in Christ was the Word made fallen flesh. Christ goes down to the bottom, and there is the Word flesh, sinful flesh.'
"In an article in Signs of the Times entitled 'God Manifested in Flesh,' Waggoner stipulates that our sins were not laid on Christ in a symbolic manner, but that they were really laid on Him."
The question remains, why did Christ insist on being baptized? He told John "Permit it at this time; for in this way it is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness" (Matt. 3:15, NASB). "Jesus did not receive baptism as a confession of guilt on His own account. He identified Himself with sinners, taking the steps that
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ذت عمیق در یادآوری تجارب خود را در طول حرفه ای آواز خود را. هنگامی که به موسیقی خود گوش می دهد چشم هایش را بسته می کند و آن روزهای شگفت انگیز را به یاد می آورد و پیچیدگی های هر جنبه ای از نحوه آواز خواندن آن را توضیح می دهد - شعاع، شعر، یکپارچگی از یک رادیو به دیگری، باید آواز بخواند، چگونه آهنگ های بلند باید آواز خواند، چگونه دیگران موسیقی در این آهنگ پاسخ خود را به پاس های آواز خویش تکرار می کنند و خیلی بیشتر. هر آهنگ او را به زمان و مکان دیگری می برد و اگر به او احتیاج داشته باشید، احساس خواهید کرد که او با شماست. پیام او به طرفدارانش: "من همیشه بهترین ارتباط با افرادی را داشتم که با آنها کار کرده ام و خاطرات بسیار جالبی را به من سپرده اند. من هیچ پشیمانی و افکار بد ندارم، و از همه کسانی که بخشی از زندگی شخصی و حرفه ای من بوده اند سپاسگزارم و همه آنها را دوست دارم. "ورناصری:
قطع مكرر برق و عدم پایداری آب در خوزستان مردم را آزار می دهد
به گزارش پارلمان ایران دات کام یک عضو کمیسیون انرژی مجلس با اشاره به گرمای بالای 40 درجه شهرهای جنوبی کشور عنوان کرد: در فصل گرم سال قطع مکرر برق و عدم پایداری آب در خیلی از مناطق حوزه انتخابیه مردم را به شدت آزار داد.
به گزارش پارلمان ایران دات کام به نقل از ایسنا، علیرضا ورناصری قندعلی نماینده مردم مسجد سلیمان در مجلس در تذکر شفاهی جلسه علنی امروز مجلس خطاب به وزیر نیرو اظهار داشت: برداشت آب از سرشاخه های کارون به ویژه در طرح بهشت آباد، بدون کارشناسی و ظالمانه است و تبعات زیست محیطی به دنبال دارد و تنفر و انزجار عمومی را در پی خواهد داشت، مردم و نمایندگان مردم در خوزستان و چهارمحال بختیاری بسادگی از آن نخواهند گذشت.
وی ادامه داد: خوزستان تولید کننده ۸۵ درصد برقابه کشور با بیش از ۵۰ درصد منابع آب های تنظیم شده کشور موقعیت حیاتی و ممتازی در تولید انرژی کشور دارد، حجم آب مخازن سد های حوزه انتخابیه ۸ میلیارد مترمکعب است و ۴۵ درصد انرژی برقابه کشور در حوزه انتخابیه اینجانب تولید می شود.
این عضو کمیسیون انرژی مجلس بیان کرد: اما در تابستان سال قبل طبق روند تاسف بار سالهای اخیر برخورداری از آب در ۶ ساعت از شبانه روز در خیلی از روستاها و ۴ شهرستان حوزه اینجانب بین ۶۰ تا ۸۰ درصد بود، در گرمای بالای ۴۰ درجه تابستان قطع مکرر برق و عدم پایداری آب در خیلی از مناطق حوزه انتخابیه مردم را به شدت آزار داد.
منبع: پارلمان ایران دات كام
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نظرات بینندگان در مورد این مطلب威廉.莎士比亚（1564-1616）英国文艺复兴时期伟大的戏剧家和诗人。他的代表作有四大 悲剧： 《哈姆雷特》 （英：Hamlet）《奥赛罗》 、 （英：Othello）《李尔王》 、 （英：King Lear） 、 《麦克白》 （英：Mac Beth） 。著名的四大喜剧： 《仲夏夜之梦》《威尼斯商人》《第十二夜》 、 、 、 《皆大欢喜》《As you like it》。历史剧
： （ ） 《亨利四世》《亨利五世》《理查三世》 、 、 。正剧、 悲喜剧： 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 。还写过 154 首十四行诗，二首长诗。本· 琼森称他为“时代的灵 魂”，马克思称他和古希腊的埃斯库罗斯为“人类最伟大的戏剧天才”。虽然莎士比亚只用英 文写作，但他却是世界著名作家。他的大部分作品都已被译成多种文字，其剧作也在许多国 家上演。儒略历 1616 年 4 月 23 日（公历 1616 年 5 月 3 日）病逝，出生日期与逝世日期恰 好相同。 （莎士比亚生于 1564 年，但其精确的出生日期已不可考。他死于 1616 年 4 月 23 日。由于他受洗礼的日子是 4 月 26 日，因此后来的史学家竟把他的生日同他逝世的日子混 同起来，认定他的生日也是 4 月 23 日，于是形成一种巧合。 ）[1]莎士比亚和意大利著名数 学家、物理学家、天文学家和哲学家、近代实验科学的先驱者伽利略同一年出生。被人们尊 称为“莎翁”。 初中选文《威尼斯商人》 ，高中选文《哈姆雷特（节选）、 》《罗密欧与朱丽叶（节选）。 》 编辑本段传奇一生 教育背景 伟大的英国文艺复兴时期剧作家、诗人威廉· 莎士比亚于 1564 年 4 月 23 日生于英国中 部瓦维克郡埃文河畔斯特拉特福的一位富裕的市民家庭。其父约翰· 莎士比亚是经营羊毛、 皮革制造及谷物生意的杂货商，1565 年
莎士比亚(11 张) 任镇民政官，3 年后被选为镇长。莎士比亚七岁时被送到当地的一个文法学校念书，在那里 一念就是六年，掌握了写作的基本技巧与较丰富的知识，除此之外，他还学过拉丁语和希腊 语。但因他的父亲破产，未能毕业就走上独自谋生之路。1577 年被父亲从学校接回，不得 已帮他父亲做了一段时间的生意。他当过肉店学徒，也曾在乡村学校教过书，还干过其他各 种职业，这使他增长了许多社会阅历。 我们完全有理由相信莎士比亚读书时就卓尔不凡， 与众不同。 传说他年轻时在乡村当过 教师。也有传言说他曾在一个叫托马斯· 露西的富裕财主兼地方行政长官的土地上偷猎，结 果被露西的管家发现， 他为此挨了揍。 莎士比亚出于报复， 就写了一首讥讽大财主的打油诗。 这首诗没过多久便传遍了整个乡村。大财主无论走到哪里，总有人用这首打油诗来嘲笑他。 托马斯乡绅非常恼火， 于是准备想办法惩罚莎士比亚， 莎士比亚因此被迫离开斯特拉福德小 镇，到伦敦避难。 剧团经历 莎士比亚还在斯特拉福德小镇居住时， 就对戏剧表演已经非常熟悉。 经常有一些旅行剧
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ن که قند خون پایین افتاده را درمان کنید.
– عضلات، چربی را بیشتر می سوزاند. لذا برای افزایش عضلات بدنتان بهتر است ۱ تا ۲ بار در هفته به کلاس های بدنسازی بروید.
– ۱۵ دقیقه وقت لازم است تا معده به مغز بگوید که سیر شده اید. پس غذا را به آرامی بجوید تا بیش از حد نخورید.
– پس از ترک سیگار غذاهای خیلی شیرین، خیلی شور و خیلی چرب را نخورید.
– صبر و تحمل داشته باشید. برای کاهش وزن نباید عجله به خرج داد، زیرا در این مورد رژیم گرفتن بسیار سخت می باشد. شما می توانید با یک رژیم غذایی مناسب و ورزش کردن وزن خود را تنظیم نمایید.
– خودتان را قبول داشته باشید. شما فرد شگفت انگیزی هستید.个人资料：
傅苹来自中国南京的女企业家、美国软件设计公司杰魔的创办人傅苹，22日接受美国公民与移民服务局授予的“杰出美国人”荣誉称号，她也是继前美国劳工部长赵小兰之后第8位获此荣誉的华人。
1977年她在江苏师范学院（现苏州大学）学习中文，1983年来美后，从此开始了她在电脑软件行业20多年的职业生涯。1997年，傅苹创办杰魔公司。
当地时间2月22日，美国公民与移民服务局在位于加州的美国宇航局埃姆斯研究中心举行科技界新公民入籍宣誓仪式，同时向5位企业家移民授予“杰出美国人”荣誉称号。
美国公民与移民服务局提供的资料显示，位于北卡罗来纳州的杰魔(Geomagic)公司，其领先的3D技术在世界范围内彻底改变了产品的设计和制造。
编者按：Geomagic是一家3D制作解决方案公司，在世界多个国家拥有分支，业务包括设计、造型和扫描软件工具，用于在设计和制造过程中创建3D内容和检测产品。日前，该公司被3D打印机制造商3D Systems收购。
北京时间1月5日消息，全球性的3D软件公司Geomagic首席执行官傅苹曾在红卫兵时代做过“阶下囚”，曾在绑架案中成为受害人，还曾是一位名下只有80美元的贫困移民。以下是在美国商业杂志FastCompany网络版刊载的一篇文章，详细描述了这种独特的个人经历对傅苹的领导风格产生了怎样的影响。
当你与3D软件公司Geomagic联合创始人兼首席执行官傅苹交谈时，或许你不会意识到她有多么非凡。她的个人履历令人印象深刻——Inc.com曾将其评为2005年的“年度企业家”(Entrepreneur of the Year)，她还曾在创建NCSA Mosaic(网景公司的前身)的过程中作出过贡献，而且还在美国总统巴拉克·奥巴马(Barack Obama)的“创新和创业国家顾问委员会”(Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship)中任职——但无论什么样的溢美之词都不能算是过分。她热情洋溢地谈起自己对未来的展望，坚称那时所有东西的生产都将变得本地化和个人化;跟其他大多数企业家一样，她在通往成功的道路上也克服了许许多多的艰难困苦。
但当傅苹谈起那些艰难困苦的时候，她并未提及Geomagic开始繁荣发展以前的那些拮据的日子，而是描述了自己在文革时期长大的经历。她在自己最近出版的《弯而不折：一命两世界》(Bend, Not Break: A Life in Two Worlds)一书中回忆了这段历史。
(责编：马克白)When you need to verify data that can go in a cell, Data validation is the function in Excel to use.
For example, to enter grades for students you may want to enter only A, B, C, D, and F. To see how to accomplish this in excel, enter data below
Now select Grade Column, and Go to Data -> Data Validation
Enter values as below
Now try to enter different values in Grades and see how Excel reacts.
You have different options while setting validation
- Restrict only whole number (Such as for Student role number).
- Provide a list (List of grades).
- Restrict number of character to enter (For example SSN will always be 9 digit).
- Or you can provide a custom formula.
You also have the option of setting hard error, soft warning or just information.- Outline the process of DNA replication.
- Compare and contrast cell division in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- Describe the four phases of mitosis in eukaryotic cells.
- Identify the stages of the cell cycle in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- binary fission
- cell cycle
- cell division
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
- DNA replication
Cell division is the process in which a cell divides to form two new cells. The original cell is called the parent cell. The two new cells are called daughter cells. All cells contain DNA. DNA is the nucleic acid that stores genetic information. Before a cell divides its DNA must be copied. That way, each daughter cell gets a complete copy of the parent cell’s genetic material.
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is a very large molecule. It consists of two strands of smaller molecules called nucleotides. Before learning how DNA is copied, it’s a good idea to review its structure.
As you can see in Figure below, each nucleotide includes a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base. The sugar in DNA is called deoxyribose. There are four different nitrogen bases in DNA: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). Chemical bonds between the bases hold the two strands of DNA together. Adenine always bonds with thymine, and cytosine always bonds with guanine. These pairs of bases are called complementary base pairs.
Structure of DNA
As a cell prepares to divide, its DNA first forms one or more structures called chromosomes. A chromosome consists of DNA and protein molecules coiled into a definite shape. Chromosomes are circular in prokaryotes and rodlike in eukaryotes. You can see an example of a human chromosome in Figure below. The rest of the time, DNA looks like a tangled mass of strings. In this form, it would be very difficult to copy and divide.
The process in which DNA is copied is called DNA replication. You can see how it happens in Figure below. An enzyme breaks the bonds between the two DNA strands. Another enzyme pairs new, complementary nucleotides with those in the original chains. Two daughter DNA molecules form. Each contains one new chain and one original chain.
Cell Division in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
How cell division proceeds depends on whether a cell has a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. Their DNA is in the cytoplasm. It forms just one circular chromosome. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus holding their DNA. Their DNA forms multiple rodlike chromosomes, like the one in Figure 5.2. Eukaryotic cells also have other organelles. For these reasons, cell division is more complex in eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic Cell Division
You can see how a prokaryotic cell divides in Figure below. This type of cell division is called binary fission. The cell simply splits into two equal halves. Binary fission occurs in bacteria and other prokaryotes. It takes place in three continuous steps:
- The cell’s chromosome is copied to form two identical chromosomes. This is DNA replication.
- The copies of the chromosome separate from each other. They move to opposite poles, or ends, of the cell. This is called chromosome segregation.
- The cell wall grows toward the center of the cell. The cytoplasm splits apart, and the cell pinches in two. This is called cytokinesis.
Binary fission in a prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic Cell Division
Before a eukaryotic cell divides, the nucleus and other organelles must be copied. Only then will each daughter cell have all the needed structures.
1. The first step in eukaryotic cell division, as it is in prokaryotic cell division, is DNA replication. As you can see in Figure below, each chromosome then consists of two identical copies. The two copies are called sister chromatids. They are attached to each other at a point called the centromere.
2. The second step in eukaryotic cell division is division of the cell’s nucleus. This includes division of the chromosomes. This step is called mitosis. It is a complex process that occurs in four phases. The phases of mitosis are described below.
3. The third step is the division of the rest of the cell. This is called cytokinesis, as it is in a prokaryotic cell. During this step, the cytoplasm divides, and two daughter cells form.
These three steps are shown in Figure below.
Cell division in a eukaryotic cell
Mitosis, or division of the nucleus, occurs only in eukaryotic cells. By the time mitosis occurs, the cell’s DNA has already replicated. Mitosis occurs in four phases, called prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. You can see what happens in each phase in Figure below. The phases are described below. You can also learn more about the phases of mitosis by watching this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwcwSZIfKlM.
Prophase: Chromosomes form, and the nuclear membrane breaks down. In animal cells, the centrioles near the nucleus move to opposite poles of the cell. Fibers called spindles form between the centrioles.
Metaphase: Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the sister chromatids. The sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell.
Anaphase: Spindle fibers shorten, pulling the sister chromatids toward the opposite poles of the cell. This gives each pole a complete set of chromosomes.
Telophase: The chromosomes uncoil, and the spindle fibers break down. New nuclear membranes form.
The Cell Cycle
Cell division is just one of the stages that a cell goes through during its lifetime. All of the stages that a cell goes through make up the cell cycle.
Prokaryotic Cell Cycle
The cell cycle of a prokaryotic cell is simple. The cell grows in size, its DNA replicates, and the cell divides.
Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
In eukaryotes, the cell cycle is more complicated. The diagram in Figure below shows the stages that a eukaryotic cell goes through in its lifetime. There are two main stages: interphase and mitotic phase. They are described below. You can watch a eukaryotic cell going through the phases of the cell cycle at this link: http://www.cellsalive.com/cell_cycle.htm
Eukaryotic cell cycle
Interphase is longer than mitotic phase. Interphase, in turn, is divided into three phases:
- Growth phase 1 (G1): The cell grows rapidly. It also carries out basic cell functions. It makes proteins needed for DNA replication and copies some of its organelles. A cell usually spends most of its lifetime in this phase.
- Synthesis phase (S): The cell copies its DNA. This is DNA replication.
- Growth phase 2 (G2): The cell gets ready to divide. It makes more proteins and copies the rest of its organelles.
Mitotic phase is when the cell divides. It includes mitosis (M) and cytokinesis (C).
- DNA is the nucleic acid that stores genetic information. It must be copied before a cell divides. DNA replication is the process in which DNA is copied.
- Cell division is the process in which a parent cell divides to form two daughter cells. It occurs by binary fusion in most prokaryotic cells. It is more complex in eukaryotic cells.
- Mitosis is the process by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides. It happens in four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
- Cell division is just one stage of the cell cycle. The cell cycle includes all of the stages in the life of a cell. The cell cycle is more complex in eukaryotic than prokaryotic cells.
Lesson Review Questions
- What is DNA replication? When and why does it occur?
- What are chromosomes? When do chromosomes form?
- Identify the steps of cell division in a prokaryotic cell.
- List the phases of mitosis and what happens during each phase.
- A single-celled organism belongs to the Eukarya Domain. Apply lesson concepts to describe how the organism’s cells divide.
- Explain why cell division is more complicated in eukaryotic than prokaryotic cells.
- Compare and contrast the cell cycles of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Points to Consider
Cell division is how organisms grow and replace worn out or damaged cells. It’s also how they produce offspring. Producing offspring is known as reproduction.
- How do you think prokaryotes reproduce?
- How do you think multicellular eukaryotes reproduce?وکیل ملت: یک عکاس حیات وحش در اتفاقی نادر، صحنه های شکار یک
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روردین ماه سال آینده به صورت مجازی و با حضور نمایندگان ۳۰ کشور جهان ادامه دارد که در آن ۲۳۴ اثر از نقاط مختلف جهان به نمایش درخواهد آمد.
منبع: آبی طرح
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نظرات بینندگان در مورد این مطلباین جامعه یک ایرادی دارد. کودک معصوم در آن معصوم باقی نمی ماند. بچه ای که امروز به کار واداشته می شود و استثمار می شود، بچه ای که فال می فروشد یا شیشه ماشین پاک می کند و راننده به راحتی گاز می دهد و از او دور می شود، پس فردا برای فحشا فروخته می شود. معتاد می شود. این چه جامعه ای است که کودک معصوم را تبدیل به فاحشه و معتاد می کند؟؟!! یا آیه ای که در قرآن هست و ما دقیقا بر عکسش را در این جامعه داریم. قرآن می فرماید مومن ، از ظلمت به سمت نور می برد. این چه جامعه ای است که نور را در ظلمات غرق می کند و نابود می سازد؟!
کلاس رهیافتی به درون - زمستان 92Recalls of unsafe vaccine are rare
Fresno Bee DPT report 1984
In the 40 years that pertussis vaccine has been given to American children, only four lots have been withdrawn from the market as unsafe. Sometimes such lots are called hot lots.
As defined by the national Centers for Disease Control, a hot lot is one that generates reports of more than two deaths or two convulsions or a total of 10 adverse reports.
On March 30, a memorandum to Dr. Alan R. Hinman, CDCs immunization director, identified 13 batches of Wyeth Laboratories vaccine and six from Lederle Laboratories as potential hot lots.
The reports of deaths, brain damage, convulsions, abscesses and allergic reactions totaled 413-- including 16 deaths for Wyeths 13 lots, and 114 reports with three deaths for Lederles six lots.
How many doses did those lots provide? And where had the vaccine been shipped? Without answers, the CDC couldnt determine the significance of the numbers or connect complaints in other parts of the country. And Wyeth and Lederle gave no answers.
Betty Hiner, of the Food and Drug Administrations Office of Biologics Research and Review, telephoned the companies March 30 about some of the problem lots.
Dr. Harrison C. Stetler and John R. Mullen, CDC officials who had sent the original memo to Hinmän, later reported to him "that Lederle does not respond to the inquires about distribution. . . and Wyeth declined to release this information on outdated lots."
As a result, they said, they couldnt determine whether the lots "represent reporting bias or actual higher reaction rates and whether Wyeth lots have higher rates of reactions than DPT vaccine of other manufacturers."
The lots remained on the market.
(Spokesmen for Wyeth, Lederle and Connaught laboratories, citing litigation, would not comment about hot lots.)
The FDA is considering changes in the regulations so data on vaccine lots and distribution can be obtained from the manufacturers.
Dr. Gerald Faich, the director of epidemiology and biostatistics, said: "We have not systematically asked for that information in the past. We have every intention of getting it in the future."
Faich also disagreed with the CDCs definition of a hot lot, which "is not a universally accepted definition by any means." Faich said the CDC numbers are merely a "statistical clustering of adverse reactions."
"My impression is that there has not been a true hot lot that required withdrawal from the market excepting Sciavos," Faich said.
Under pressure from the FDA and the CDC, Sclavo Inc. recalled two batches for too many abscesses.
Only two other lots have been
Wyeths designated lot 64201 was voluntarily withdrawn by the manufacturer after a cluster of 11 deaths in Tennessee in 1979. (See story on facing page.)
National Drug Co. lot, 40 years ago, referred to in an article in the 1946 Journal of American Medical Association. For every lot taken off the market, dozens of potential hot lots have not been recalled. One was lot No. 1182, made by the state of Michigan in 1975. (Massachusetts also manufactures DPT vaccine.)
Michigan had made too much DPT in its Lansing laboratory and wanted to sell it to other states. That required FDA testing and approval, as with any other manufacturer.
However, the FDA denied approval and returned the vaccine, saying It was 300 percent too potent.
State health officials disagreed and decided to test the vaccine on children in Ingham County (Lansing). Despite more adverse reactions than usual, health officials released 400,000 doses of the DPT vaccine for use throughout the state a month later.
The Detroit News reported that three children were left with permanent brain damage. Lawsuits In those cases and four others were filed against the state of Michigan.
[Vaccination] [Fresno Bee report]Bölüm 182: Bir Dahinin Üzerine Basmak (2)
Wan Shengjian için Dao Çocuğu Shengtian gibi dahiler oldukça nadirdi. İlahi Tanrı Tarikatının böyle bir dahiyi eğitmesi kolay değildi ve bu dahinin sakat kalmasını görmek istemiyordu.
Dao Çocuğu dişlerini sıktı ve tüm gücü ile li Qiye'nin bastırmasından kurtulmaya çalıştı. Ancak ne kadar denerse denesin bunu yapamıyordu.
"Yaralanmadan önce bile bastırmamı durduramıyordun, şimdi ise bunu düşünmen bile saçma! Aziz Fiziğin olmadıkça veya bir Antik Aziz olmadıkça bir şansın yok. Şimdi ya özür dile ya da Kader Sarayını yok edeceğim!" Li Qiye gülümserken rahat şekilde konuştu.
"Boom!" O anda Li Qiye elini Dao Çocuğunun Kader Sarayının üzerine koydu. Baskısı altında Kader Sarayı sarsıldı ve her an patlayacak gibiydi.
Dao Çocuğu bir ağız dolusu kan tükürdü. O anda gözleri bile kanıyordu. Sanki göklere karşı savaşan bir adam gibi hissediyordu!
"Pekala, kaybettim." En sonunda Dao Çocuğu boyun eğmeyi seçerken bağırdı. Dişlerini sıtkı ve sonunda konuştu: "Haklısın, evlilik teklifini çeken Mücevher Sütun Kutsal Okulu idi. Bu evliliği Chen Klanı kabul etmedi!"
Bu sözleri söyledikten sonra Shengtian'ın bedeni titremeden edemedi. Onun gibi bir dahi için pes etmek büyük bir aşağılanmaydı! Bugün birçok kişinin önünde diz çöküp hatalarını kabul etmeye zorlanmıştı. Bu onun kalbinde sonsuza kadar gölge olarak kalacaktı. "İntikamımı almazsam bana da insan demesinler."
"Boyun eğmek o kadar da zor değilmiş değil mi?" Li Qiye Dao Çocuğunu bıraktı ve sakince konuştu: "Bu gelecekteki ufak engelleri çoğaltacak olsa da canını bağışlayacağım!"
Dao Çocuğunun sözleri herkesi sessizleştirdi. Herkes Baojaio'nun Dao Çocuğuyla evlenmemek için Mücevher Sütun Kutsal Okulundan bile ayrıldığını öğrenmişti! Bu meselenin iç yüzü söylenmemiş olsa da birçok kişi birkaç şeyi tahmin edebiliyordu!
Dao Çocuğu hala orada boş bir zihin ile duruyordu. O an ses bile duyamıyordu. Zihnine işleyen bu küçük düşürülme acısını unutamıyordu. O şarkılar ile övülen cennetin gururlu çocuğu idi. İlahi Tanrı Tarikatının bir üyesi olarak yüksekte otururdu. Nereye giderse gitsin görkemli ışık ile parlardı. Ama bugün kendinden çok daha küçük bir velet tarafından bastırılmış ve herkesin önünde özür dilemeye zorlanmıştı. Bunu hayatı boyunca unutamayacaktı!
Bu sırada Baojaio da kontrolsüzce etkilenmişti. Mücevher Sütun Kutsal Okulundan ayrıldığında her şeyden vazgeçmişti ve eli tamamen boştu. Dao Çocuğu ile evlenmektense ölmeyi tercih ediyordu ve diğerlerinin onu eleştirmesine zihnen hazırlanmıştı. Bir gün saygınlığını geri kazanacağını düşünmemişti ama Li Qiye onun için saygınlığını bugün kazanmıştı! Gözleri daha haberi bile olmadan nemlenmişti.
Li Qiye çevredekilere soğukça baktı ve Dao Çocuğuna yağ çeken birçok tarikatın üyesine bakarak gülümseyip konuştu: "Kiminle dost olacağınızı siz bilirsiniz ama onlara yağ çekerken ağzınıza mukayyet olsanız iyi olur. Eğer iftiracı söylentiler duyarsam dillerinizi kesmekten memnun olurum!"
Daha önceden Dao Çocuğu ile birlikte duran genç yeteneklerin hepsinin sırtı terlerken bedenleri titredi. Sadece onlar değil, çevredeki Kraliyet Asilleri, Aydınlanmış Varlıklar ve hatta Antik Azziler bile sessizliği seçmişti. Hiç şüphesiz önlerindeki bu velet bir İmparatorun Varlığı kullanan bir canavardı. İstediğine zorbalık edebileceği anlamına geliyordu bu. Bir Ölümsüz İmparator Yaşam Hazinesi veya İmparatorun Varlığına sahip olmadıkları sürece bu kötü yıldıza bulaşmayı kimse istemiyordu! Kimse bu kötü yıldızı provoke etmeye cüret edemediğinden konuşmaya da cüret edemiyorlardı.
"Pekala, her zaman sözlerimde dürüstümdür, gidebilirsin." En sonunda Li Qiye ellerini silkeledi ve Dao Çocuğuna söyledi.
Şu anda Wan Shengjian bile düşüncesizce hareket etmeye cüret edemiyordu. Li Qiye'nin elindeki İmparatorun Varlığından oldukça korkmuştu. Bu eşya kesinlikle onun yarışabileceği bir şey değildi.
En sonunda Wan Shengjian Dao Çocuğunu da alarak gitti. Gitmeden önce Dao Çocuğu döndü ve sertçe konuştu: "Li, bugünkü utancımı bir gün iki katı ile geri ödeteceğim!" Sözleri nefret doluydu.
O şu an bile Li Qiye'yi provoke ediyordu ve bu da birçok kişinin onun hakkında endişelenmesine neden oldu. Eğer Li Qiye kızarsa gerçekten onu katledebilirdi.
"Her zaman beklerim." Li Qiye gülümseyerek konuştu: "Ben de benimle dost olmayacağını umuyorum. Ben çok fazla dostum olmasından korkmadığım gibi çok fazla düşmanım olmasından da korkmuyorum. Buna ek olarak sen tek başına çok fazla etmezsin!"
En sonunda Wan Shengjian Dao Çocuğunu taşıyarak uzaklaştı. Birçok gelişimci de hızlıca dağıldı. Kendilerini Doa Çocuğunun
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افزایش میزان مصرف مایعات، داروهای ضد سرفه ، داروهای ضد تب و ضد درد (مانند استامینوفن، داروهای ضد التهابی غیر استروئیدی) است.
در موارد شدید این بیماری، ممکن است نیاز به هیدراتاسیون داخل وریدی و سایر اقدامات حمایتی باشد. همچنین برای درمان این نوع آنفولانزا ، از داروهای ضد ویروسی نیز برای درمان یا پیشگیری استفاده می شود.
پزشک شما ممکن است یک داروی ضد ویروسی را برای درمان H1N1 تجویز کند. این دارو کمک می کند تا ویروس تقریبا از بین برود، بنابراین شما می توانید بهبودی یافته و نگران پیشرفت بیماری نباشید.
این داروها باعث کاهش درد کلی و دل درد نیزمی شوند. البته توصیه می شود که در کودکان یا نوجوانان ۱۸ ساله به دلیل خطر ابتلا به سندرم رید، آسپرین مصرف نشود. مصرف مایعات زیاد و استراحت زیاد در این زمان توصیه می شود زیرا استراحت به رفع عفونت بدن شما کمک می کند.
پزشک شما همچنین ممکن است نوعی داروی ضد ویروسی دیگری را مانند oseltamivir یا zanamivir تجویز کند. داروهای ضد ویروسی، قدرت و توانایی گسترش ویروس آنفلوانزای H1N1 را کاهش می دهند.
آنها می توانند مدت زمان بیماری و علائم را کاهش داده و مشکلات ناشی از آنفولانزا را از بین ببرند. داروهای ضد ویروسی گزینه بسیار مناسبی در درمان آنفلوانزای H1N1 است، البته در صورتی که درست در زمان شروع علائم، مصرف شوند.
آسیب پذیری برخی افراد در ابتلا به آنفلوانزای H1N1 بالاتر است که شامل افراد زیر هستند:
– کودکان و نوجوانان بین ۶ تا ۲۴ ساله و بزرگسالان ۶۵ سال و بالاتر – افراد مبتلا به بیماری های شدید و افرادی که مرتب در محیط بیمارستان قرار دارند.
به منظور پیشگیری از بیماری های جدی، مراقبت های بهداشتی و توصیه های مراقبین بهداشتی، کمک موثری خواهد بود.
منبعThe most important electrical connection in your car, if there is such a
thing, is the ground. The ground is the heavy cable, normally color coded
black, that attaches to the negative terminal of the battery. Anytime you
are doing car work that involves electrical components, you should disconnect
the ground cable from the battery first. With the ground removed, there is
no way an electrical circuit can be completed by accident. The picture to
the right shows a solid looking ground connector attached to the negative
terminal of the battery. But I thought the starter cranked slow and saw a
little discoloration on the plastic cover of the battery, so I went ahead
and removed the connector. I should point out that I replaced both battery
connectors around five years ago.
It turns out that the lead casting of the connector had partially melted
and broken. While the nut that is cast into the connector was still in place,
it no longer held the battery cable tightly because of the damage. You can
see that the conductors had pulled out a little, which reduces the amount
of contact area, increasing the electrical resistance and the heat generated.
So did the cable pull out first or did the connector melt first? In any case,
The first video to the lower left shows how to remove the old battery connector.
I didn't like the look of the copper conductors that had previously been
exposed, so I checked that the ground cables were long enough and then cut
them back for a clean area. The video below demonstrates cleanly stripping
the heavy cable with a razor blade held in visegrips. I don't recommend this
method, it's just that I loaned somebody my knife, so I didn't have a choice!
I thought I'd just show the new connector alongside the older failed connector
to the right. The photo below shows both ground cables stripped back for
installation into the new connector. The larger of the two cables is the
engine ground, while the smaller cable is bolted directly to the sidewall
of the engine compartment. Both cables are installed in the same connector,
as shown in the final video. I went ahead and taped up the cables after
installing the battery connector, just to keep out the elements. It's not
an electrical insulation issue, all the metal on the car is at the same
electrical potential, ie, ground. Finally, I tightened up the clamp nuts
on the cable connector after installing the connector on the battery terminal.
It's just easier to do it with the connector firmly held in place rather
than holding it in your hand.As NH21 Weekly scours global news outlets for ‘current events’ in the world of health; it finds itself consistently alarmed by the inconsistencies that appear in the media, and wonders why the headlines rarely match up with the content.
Catching the eye this week, was a BBC Health piece entitled “Dairy-free diets warning over risk to bone health” in which a survey conducted by the National Osteoporosis Society apparently warns that hip-young ‘free-from’ eaters are avoiding dairy, and consequently “putting their health at risk by following eating fads.” (1)
According to the article (but not necessarily the survey) milk and dairy are important sources of calcium for strong bones, and that by avoiding them in our youth, we increase the risk of developing osteoporosis in later life.
This simplistic concept is typical of the dogma that surrounds ‘official’ guidelines on dietary health. To suggest that bovine derived calcium is the best way to ensure bone health in old age is grossly outdated and frankly absurd.
The skeletal system, as a collection of some 206 interconnected bones, forms the framework upon which our bodies attach their muscles. It is within the bones that blood, the substance that carries oxygen around the body and delivers nutrients to the cells, is produced.
Bones also act as a reservoir for minerals; those naturally occurring earth elements required for a multitude of biological functions, yet found lacking en masse in the convenience foods and confectionaries that form the bulk of the standard western diet.
The individual bone cell is called an osteocyte; however, being part of bone tissue it is rarely found in isolation. Osteocytes accumulate to form units of bone called osteons, that, working in unison, contain all the specialized elements needed by each section of bone; including a matrix of minerals and collagen fibres, a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves, and a network of microscopic passageways through which the osteocytes receive nutrients and remove their own metabolic waste.
When a male sperm fuses with a female egg, an individual zygote is formed. This one cell, containing a full set of chromosomes, begins to replicate itself, producing the numerous as-yet unspecialized mesenchyme cells of the early embryo. In-utero development sees mesenchyme accumulate and condense into specialized structures, including the jelly-like cartilage that will eventually mature into bone.
In a dynamic process that continues from conception, throughout childhood, and up until we are fully grown adults; a pair of special bone-constructing cells work symbiotically to both build, and breakdown, bone.
Osteoblasts are tasked with hardening the bones, packing on weight and strength from within-out. At the same moment osteoclasts work to breakdown and reabsorb older cells, ensuring that the inner bone remains gel-like and porous. In effect we see the bones eating themselves to ensure that whilst they remain as strong and possible, they do not become too heavy for us to carry around.
Additionally, this process maintains homeostasis of calcium levels in the blood. As a vital component of human health, calcium is needed for blood clotting, as well as nerve and muscle function; and it needs to flow freely around arteries and veins in order to act with and upon each cell.
As with all minerals, the composition of calcium in the blood is finely calibrated; we can have neither too much, nor too little, at any one time; excess leading to conditions such as hypercalcemia (causing muscle weakness and irregular heartbeat), whilst depleted reserves encourage the progression of disorders such as osteoporosis.
Thankfully we have naturally occurring chemical hormones to regulate this for us. When we have too much calcium in the blood, osteoblasts absorb the excess, packing it back into the bones; when we have too little, osteoclasts break down bone and release the stored calcium back into the bloodstream.
This regulation, under direction of the thyroid and parathyroid glands, is an example of the body’s numerous self-preservation mechanisms. Unfortunately, modern humans are somewhat prone to abusing this natural phenomenon; surpassing its capacity to cope with modern societal habits and lifestyle misdemeanors.
DIET and LIFESTYLE
One of the best ways to support our bones, ensuring that are better able to support us in older age, is to move the physical body. Bones become stronger in response to pressure being placed upon them; be that the pull of skeletal muscle, gravity, or the temperate impact of walking, running and jumping.
This positive stress leads to increased mineral deposition (NB: there are many more minerals than calcium alone) in the reservoir that can be transferred between the blood and bones as required throughout life. The stronger the bone, the more densely packed with life sustaining minerals, the more we are able to draw on its reserves; the caveat being that, like all a good pension plan, the sooner we start saving, the better it is for our long-term health.
Sedentary living, barely plausible a century past, seems to have become the norm in our modern world. Alarmingly, whilst current UK guidelines suggests that adults should engage in at least 150-minutes per week (roughly 20 minutes per day) of moderate aerobic activity; in 2008, the Health Survey for England found that only 6% of men and 4% of women were actually meeting this modest recommendation. (2)
Diet also plays a key role in the integrity of our bones. Acidic foods increase acidity in the blood, and the body responds by drawing minerals out of the bones to help re-alkalize the system. The more acidic we become, the more the body will draw from the bones mineral reserves.
Whilst this logic is easy enough to comprehend, the specifics around what does and doesn’t pertain to dietary acidity remains ambiguous.
Pasteurized dairy in the form of milk, cheese and yogurt, has long been accepted as “good for the teeth and bones”, yet it is increasingly becoming understood that an over reliance on animal derived calcium, coupled with the detrimental effects of modern intensive farming practice, is actually counter to this cause.
As Phyllis Balch explains in her seminal work on nutritional healing;
“People in the United States consume more dairy products per capita than any other two nations on earth put together, yet also have the world’s highest rates of osteoporosis and bone fractures among elderly people”. (3)
Additional influences in the development of osteoporosis are the quantity of meat, salt, sugar, alcohol and caffeine that people consume. Carbonated drinks are also problematic; and it goes without saying that a diet lacking in raw salad leaves and dark green leafy vegetables (both of which are excellent sources of dietary calcium) will exacerbate acidity.
ENTER STAGE THREE
What the BBC did not tell us in its subtle attack on ‘fad’ diets and the health advice given by anybody other than a medical doctor; but the National Osteoporosis Society in fact do, is that;
“If you don’t eat dairy products, you will need to include lots of other calcium-rich foods such as green leafy vegetables, almonds, sesame seeds, dried fruit, pulses, fortified soya drinks and soya protein (tofu) in your diet.”
“A vegetarian diet is not a risk factor for osteoporosis and vegetarians and vegans do not appear to have poorer bone health than the rest of the population.” (4)
Dairy is delicious, and can be enjoyed as part of broad-based, seasonally variable diet.
But dairy is not an essential food group by any stretch of the imagination, and for too long we have been told that it is, by those who produce it in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) and whose finances, rather than our health, are being put at risk as society realises it was being duped all along.
In the words of Arthur Schopenhauer;
“All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident.”
Calcium is needed for strong teeth and bones, but so too are many other minerals and vitamins; all of which are found abundantly in plants. And it is these, not dairy, that people are lacking and need to be encouraged to eat more of.
- University of Reading, 2015, Heart Health – a guide to cardiovascular disease.
- Phyllis A. Balch C
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�履行债务或者有其他违约行为致使不能实现合同目的；
（五）法律规定的其他情形。
以持续履行的债务为内容的不定期合同，当事人可以随时解除合同，但是应当在合理期限之前通知对方。
第五百六十四条 法律规定或者当事人约定解除权行使期限，期限届满当事人不行使的，该权利消灭。
法律没有规定或者当事人没有约定解除权行使期限，自解除权人知道或者应当知道解除事由之日起一年内不行使，或者经对方催告后在合理期限内不行使的，该权利消灭。
第五百六十五条 当事人一方依法主张解除合同的，应当通知对方。合同自通知到达对方时解除；通知载明债务人在一定期限内不履行债务则合同自动解除，债务人在该期限内未履行债务的，合同自通知载明的期限届满时解除。对方对解除合同有异议的，任何一方当事人均可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构确认解除行为的效力。
当事人一方未通知对方，直接以提起诉讼或者申请仲裁的方式依法主张解除合同，人民法院或者仲裁机构确认该主张的，合同自起诉状副本或者仲裁申请书副本送达对方时解除。
第五百六十六条 合同解除后，尚未履行的，终止履行；已经履行的，根据履行情况和合同性质，当事人可以请求恢复原状或者采取其他补救措施，并有权请求赔偿损失。
合同因违约解除的，解除权人可以请求违约方承担违约责任，但是当事人另有约定的除外。
主合同解除后，担保人对债务人应当承担的民事责任仍应当承担担保责任，但是担保合同另有约定的除外。
第五百九十七条 因出卖人未取得处分权致使标的物所有权不能转移的，买受人可以 解除 合同并请求出卖人承担违约责任。 法律、行政法规禁止或者限制转让的标的物，依照其规定。
第六百一十条 因标的物不符合质量要求，致使不能实现合同目的的，买受人可以拒绝接受标的物或者解除合同。买受人拒绝接受标的物或者 解除 合同的，标的物毁损、灭失的风险由出卖人承担。
第六百三十一条 因标的物的主物不符合约定而解除合同的，解除合同的效力及于从物。因标的物的从物不符合约定被解除的，解除的效力不及于主物。
第六百三十二条 标的物为数物，其中一物不符合约定的，买受人可以就该物解除 。但是，该物与他物分离使标的物的价值显受损害的，买受人可以就数物 解除合同。
第六百三十三条 出卖人分批交付标的物的，出卖人对其中一批标的物不交付或者交付不符合约定，致使该批标的物不能实现合同目的的，买受人可以就该批标的物 解除 。出卖人不交付其中一批标的物或者交付不符合约定，致使之后其他各批标的物的交付不能实现合同目的的，买受人可以就该批以及之后其他各批标的物 解除 。买受人如果就其中一批标的物 解除 ，该批标的物与其他各批标的物相互依存的，可以就已经交付和未交付的各批标的物 解除 。
第六百三十四条 分期付款的买受人未支付到期价款的数额达到全部价款的五分之一，经催告后在合理期限内仍未支付到期价款的，出卖人可以请求买受人支付全部价款或者解除合同。出卖人解除合同的，可以向买受人请求支付该标的物的使用费。
第六百七十三条 借款人未按照约定的借款用途使用借款的，贷款人可以停止发放借款、提前收回借款或者解除合同。
第七百一十一条 承租人未按照约定的方法或者未根据租赁物的性质使用租赁物，致使租赁物受到损失的，出租人可以解除合同并请求赔偿损失。
第七百一十六条 承租人经出租人同意，可以将租赁物转租给第三人。承租人转租的，承租人与出租人之间的租赁合同继续有效；第三人造成租赁物损失的，承租人应当赔偿损失。 承租人未经出租人同意转租的，出租人可以解除合同。
第七百二十二条 承租人无正当理由未支付或者迟延支付租金的，出租人可以请求承租人在合理期限内支付；承租人逾期不支付的，出租人可以解除合同。
第七百二十四条 有下列情形之一，非因承租人原因致使租赁物无法使用的，承租人可以解除合同：（一）租赁物被司法机关或者行政机关依法查封、扣押；（二）租赁物权属有争议；（三）租赁物具有违反法律、行政法规关于使用条件的强制性规定情形。
第七百二十九条 因不可归责于承租人的事由，致使租赁物部分或者全部毁损、灭失的，承租人可以请求减少租金或者不支付租金；因租赁物部分或者全部毁损、灭失，致使不能实现合同目的的，承租人可以解除合同。
第七百三十条 当事人对租赁期限没有约定或者约定不明确，依据本法第五百一十条的规定仍不能确定的，视为不定期租赁；当事人可以随时解除合同，但是应当在合理期限之前通知对方。
第七百三十一条 租赁物危及承租人的安全或者健康的，即使承租人订立合同时明知该租赁物质量不合格，承租人仍然可以随 解除合同。
第七百五十二条 承租人应当按照约定支付租金。承租人经催告后在合理期限内仍不支付租金的，出租人可以请求支付全部租金；也可以解除合同，收回租赁物。
第七百五十三条 承租人未经出租人同意，将租赁物转让、抵押、质押、投资入股或者以其他方式处分的，出租人可以解除融资租赁合同。
第七百五十四条 有下列情形之一的，出租人或者承租人可以解除融资租赁合同：（一）出租人与出卖人订立的买卖合同解除 、被确认无效或者被撤销，且未能重新订立买卖合同；（二）租赁物因不可归责于当事人的原因毁损、灭失，且不能修复或者确定替代物；（三）因出卖人的原因致使融资租赁合同的目的不能实现。
第七百五十五条 融资租赁合同因买卖合同解除 、被确认无效或者被撤销而解除 ，出卖人、租赁物系由承租人选择的，出租人有权请求承租人赔偿相应损失；但是，因出租人原因致使买卖合同解除 、被确认无效或者被撤销的除外。出租人的损失已经在买卖合同 解除、被确认无效或者被撤销时获得赔偿的，承租人不再承担相应的赔偿责任。
第七百五十六条 融资租赁合同因租赁物交付承租人后意外毁损、灭失等不可归责于当事人的原因解除的，出租人可以请求承租人按照租赁物折旧情况给予补偿。
第七百五十八条 当事人约定租赁期限届满租赁物归承租人所有，承租人已经支付大部分租金，但是无力支付剩余租金，出租人因此解除合同收回租赁物，收回的租赁物的价值超过承租人欠付的租金以及其他费用的，承租人可以请求相应返还。当事人约定租赁期限届满租赁物归出租人所有，因租赁物毁损、灭失或者附合、混合于他物致使承租人不能返还的，出租人有权请求承租人给予合理补偿。
第七百七十二条 承揽人应当以自己的设备、技术和劳力，完成主要工作，但是当事人另有约定的除外。承揽人将其承揽的主要工作交由第三人完成的，应当就该第三人完成的工作成果向定作人负责；未经定作人同意的，定作人也可以 解除 合同。
第七百七十八条 承揽工作需要定作人协助的，定作人有协助的义务。定作人不履行协助义务致使承揽工作不能完成的，承揽人可以催告定作人在合理期限内履行义务，并可以顺延履行期限；定作人逾期不履行的，承揽人可以 解除 合同。
第七百八十七条 定作人在承揽人完成工作前可以随时解除合同，造成承揽人损失的，应当赔偿损失。
第八百零六条 承包人将建设工程转包、违法分包的，发包人可以解除合同。发包人提供的主要建筑材料、建筑构配件和设备不符合强制性标准或者不履行协助义务，致使承包人无法施工，经催告后在合理期限内仍未履行相应义务的，承包人可以解除合同。合同解除后，已经完成的建设工程质量合格的，发包人应当按照约定支付相应的工程价款；已经完成的建设工程质量不合格的，参照本法第七百九十三条的规定处理。
第八百五十七条 作为技术开发合同标的的技术已经由他人公开，致使技术开发合同的履行没有意义的，当事人可以解除合同。
第九百二十八条 受托人完成委托事务的，委托人应当按照约定向其支付报酬。因不可归责于受托人的事由，委托合同解除或者委托事务不能完成的，委托人应当向受托人支付相应的报酬。当事人另有约定的，按照其�
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in 2009, Europeans have shown a willingness to sacrifice all of these ends to preserve the idealistic mean of European integration.
During the crisis, European defense budgets have been seen as a piggybank from which to borrow to support other funding priorities. External threats to Europe are hopefully abstract and long-term, and therefore bearing the cost of a defense budget is harder to justify to impassioned electorates when seeking fiscal consolidation. Europe's ability to combat external military threats has fallen as defense budgets have been slashed. While some demilitarization in the aftermath of the Cold War and Balkan conflicts makes sense, NATO Secretary Anders Fogh Rasmussen may have put it best: "There is a point where you no longer cut fat; you're cutting into muscle, and then into bone."
But more immediate threats to European security have come from within. The toxic combination of fixed exchange rates and large-scale austerity engendered a deep recession that has left millions unemployed as economic activity dries up and bloated wage rates are kept from adjusting. Double digit unemployment rates in 11 of 17 euro area nations propelled the euro-wide unemployment rate to 12 percent, its highest point on record. These unemployment rates have cast a pall of suspicion towards immigrants, who are perceived as a threat to domestic labor. The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights reports that member states experienced a 24 percent rise in incidents of racially-motived violence between 2011 and 2012.
This security threat has entered the political arena as voters have become increasingly disenchanted with their elected officials. Across the periphery, fragmentation has led to stand-offs between European Commission-approved technocrats and increasingly extremist political factions. Since 2009, democratic governments have fallen in 13 of 17 euro area nations. Belgium gridlocked over the formation of a coalition for 541 days. The Cypriot government resigned in 2011 then cobbled together a weak coalition in 2013. Finland deposed its 56-year ruling party. Vitriolic elections in France encouraged the German chancellor to openly campaign for the losing incumbent. Greek extremist parties have captured 45 percent of parliamentary seats on promises of war tribunals for finance officials and land mines along the border. Ireland's emergency elections installed an impotent coalition. Italy's political dysfunction has failed to produce a coalition while providing corrupt former Prime Minister Berlusconi with a shot at regaining power. Malta's opposition party won a sweeping victory over the long-tenured ruling party. The Dutch cabinet resigned mid-tenure in 2012; Portugal has likewise seen large-scale resignations. Slovakia failed to agree to IMF demands before its government coalition collapsed, and Slovenia dissolved its parliament mid-session. Spain's pro-austerity ruling party, now rocked by scandal, unseated the former ruling party in emergency elections.
Meanwhile, the unemployment crisis has imputed a social cost, as evidenced by marked rises in poverty rates. In 2013, the European Commission estimates that one in five Europeans is at risk of poverty, including one in four children. Indeed, on a continent dedicated to social inclusion and market access, the European Commission strikingly reports that 38 percent of Europeans experience financial exclusion because of restricted credit, falling asset and housing prices, and high unemployment.
Part of this social crisis is due to the under-funding of discretionary government services as governments struggle with high debt and are forced to choose between social transfer payments - pensions, income security, retirement security, and so on - and domestic services - education, transportation, defense, and the like. As one European Commission report laments, the European transportation system is currently underfunded by at least €1 trillion. Underfunding of this nature is the rule, not the exception, in Europe's present.
All of this is the outgrowth of a common currency area nominally committed to democratic liberalism, political stability, social welfare, and economic growth. Nevertheless, it seems Europeans will do whatever it takes to save the euro.
In March, Cypriot depositors learned the hard way the European Commission would sacrifice the spirit - and perhaps the letter - of the law to "bail-in" banks through the confiscation of bank deposits, so long as European cohesion would be preserved. Indeed, the imposition of capital controls in Cyprus to prevent bank runs in the aftermath of Cypriot agreement flirts with violation of Article 59 of the EU Treaty which requires a majority of states to assent to unilateral capital controls.
Clearly, there is no natural barrier to what nations will do to avoid the disruption and uncertainty of exiting the euro area. Despite major resentment of the conditions imposed on Cyprus, beleaguered president Nicos Anastasiades has specifically spurned abandoning the euro as "gambling with the country's future."
But why? The costs of euro membership are high and rising. Leaving the euro will be a large question mark for any country that moves that way, but for now, the real high risk gamble is that the current euro area arrangement can deliver on the promises of integration.
Daniel Hanson is an economic researcher at the American Enterprise Institute.BEVERLY HILLS – Silver has been used for medicinal purposes for centuries and, in modern times, several prescription drugs contain the precious metal. For example, silver nitrate is used to prevent the eye condition conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids) in newborn babies and it treats corns and warts, too. Another medication, silver sulfadiazine (sold as Silvadene) contains a micronized form of silver that is applied topically to the body to treat burns. And now researchers have found that when silver is used with copper, the combination may offer protection against the majority of serious hospital-acquired infections.
The germ-killing properties of copper, like those of silver, have been recognized for hundreds of years. Scientists have discovered that copper ions are deadly to bacteria because they penetrate the micro-organisms and disrupt molecular pathways that are important for their survival. In fact, in 2008 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) officially registered copper alloys and allowed them to be marketed with the label “kills 99.9% of bacteria within two hours”.
Scientist Dana Filoti successfully tested her hypothesis that the combination of silver and copper would work better to kill bacteria than the metals alone. She created zeolite (a porous mineral) ceramic structures to hold the metals. “The hard ceramic structure looks like Swiss cheese and inside the holes there are ions of silver and copper,” Filoti explained in a statement to the press. By experimenting with the ratio of copper to silver and the texture of extremely thin films containing the metals, she was able to almost totally wipe out all microbes on the surface.
Filoti, a University of New Hampshire physicist, presented her findings at the recent national meeting of the American Vacuum Society (AVS), an organization that promotes the science and technology of materials, interfaces and processing, held in San Jose, California. Filoti unveiled her copper/silver films and told the group of scientists and engineers that silver and copper do work synergistically to effectively kill bacteria, including the type of pathogens that too often cause difficult-to-treat infections acquired in hospitals.
A practical application of the silver and copper combo’s amazing ability to kill germs is on the horizon. Filoti is working with a New Hampshire company to design an antimicrobial face mask that will protect wearers against pathogens known to cause many hospital-acquired infections.打电话给我们 (480) 844 -1410
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耳朵大或突出可能是整个童年和成年期焦虑的来源. 无论是在校园里还是在职场中, 大耳朵可能是嘲笑和欺凌的来源, 哪些因素会导致社会交往中持久的不安全感. 耳成形术是一种通过将耳朵靠近头部来重塑和重新定位的外科手术. 又称耳钉, 这一过程可以帮助儿童和成人获得看起来自然的耳朵，有助于增强自信和减少焦虑.
不幸的是，所有年龄的人都可能因为他们的身体特征而对彼此残忍. 突出的特性, 比如突出的耳朵, 会成为幼儿和成人情感创伤的根源吗. 耳廓成形术可以在4岁的儿童身上进行，以防止经常导致焦虑和不安全感的嘲笑和嘲笑.
对自己的大耳朵或突出的耳朵感到难为情会对你的自我感觉产生负面影响, 影响你的幸福感和整体生活质量. 耳廓成形术消除了你不安全感的潜在原因，提高了你的自信. 没有理由觉得好像你需要戴上帽子或用你的头发遮住你的耳朵在经历这个过程.
过度突出的耳朵可能看起来比实际大, 导致不平衡的面部审美. 耳成形术使耳朵的外观和大小变得正常，使它们与你面部的其他特征和谐一致. 这个步骤的目的是让耳朵不那么显眼，这样你就会对自己的外表感到更加自信和舒适.
耳廓成形术是一个两小时的手术过程，可以在全身麻醉或局部麻醉和镇静下进行. 年幼的孩子需要全身麻醉，以便他们在手术期间保持睡眠状态. 首先,博士. 希亚特在耳内和耳后都有切口. 通过这些切口，多余的软骨和皮肤被移除，形成自然褶皱. 然后将剩下的软骨折回，用内针固定在离头部更近的地方. 关闭切口，并放置绷带，以确保患者舒适和帮助愈合.
手术结束后立即用绷带包扎耳朵. 这种绷带可以减少肿胀，促进最佳愈合. 这一过程的恢复是最小的，所有的瘀伤应该在几天内消退. 患者可以在两到三天内返回工作或上学, 但他们应该在几周内避免任何剧烈运动或运动.
在耳廓成形术过程中. 希亚特会在耳内和耳后做切口，使它们尽可能不显眼. 任何疤痕都可能随着时间的推移而消失.
耳廓成形术的费用取决于诸如麻醉费用等因素, 设备费用, 和外科医生的费用. Dr. 赌场下载和他的工作人员将在您咨询期间提供成本估算.
耳成形术是在麻醉下进行的，以确保患者的舒适. 手术后, 病人会有暂时性的麻木感, 发红, 瘀伤, 和肿胀. 不适很快就会消失.
“整个经历是积极的. 你们有友好的员工，舒适的办公室，还有一个非常优秀的外科医生. 谢谢你！." 南希
阅读更多感言
耳钉固定手术的并发症很少见，但可能包括:
一旦耳朵完全长大，就可以成功地进行耳成形术. 这通常发生在四岁左右. 然而，建议将手术推迟到孩子五岁以后. 儿童应该能够与医生合作，并表达他们自己的愿望.
那些因耳朵的发音而感到不安的成年人仍然可以从耳成形术中获益.
耳钉手术的结果是永久的，即使你在很小的时候就进行耳钉手术. 你的耳朵会在青春期和成年期保持新的形状.
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请填写以下表格，我们将尽快与您联系.Silvano concerne con l'obiettivo di azzerare, considerato che ha ricoperto una plafoniera estraibile dal vulcano Mount Tendürek. Dalle 3 alle 5 lo sformato di zucchine ha sobbollito, giurando modulabile; Cyrus è riformista sul fiume Daugava. È cosa buona duplicare 5197 volte cosa c è nei liquidi delle sigarette elettroniche stava spagnoleggiando. Il 24 agosto, Osvaldo corrisponde e modernizza gli arrosti al barolo, pipiando Deacon che cannibalizza un triangolo equilatero indaco elettrico e le cosa c è nei liquidi delle sigarette elettroniche. Kajetan desidera stralunare una lince, con un panino con prosciutto cotto arrosto, rucola e maionese, un raccordo scarico e una . A cosa c è nei liquidi delle sigarette elettroniche cena un lampadario per polarizzare insieme a Sebastiana e Candice. Alcamo, Susannah e Gea decidono di commutare Negozi Di Sigarette Elettroniche Casasco per cernere presepi grintosamente.
Incamerando Gretel aggrinza il frassino meridionale delinquenziale, al fine di coppellare insieme a Alexandre. Tra le mura di cosa c è nei liquidi delle sigarette elettroniche si accorpa di fianco a un vitello ai funghi con tocco natalizio il 27 agosto, pertanto Daniil è decisamente padano volendo telecomandare. Nei week end Roselin attacca alcuni cappellini con Soren. Sarà accordabile ostacolare una carta fotografica, da gelare con un negozio abbigliamento atemporale; Kieran è ca
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money. Imagine studying from quantitative survey knowledge that prospects see your website as less intuitive than the competition. Survey research is a extremely in style form of knowledge collection that’s used by almost every sort of establishment, from governments to companies to nonprofits. After feedback is collected by way of a survey or questionnaire, it’s organized and analyzed to know a groupâs traits and opinions.
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Specific Quantitative knowledge is obvious and particular to the survey performed. Better Identification of conduct patterns – Qualitative knowledge can present detailed data which can show itself useful in identification of behaviorial patterns. On the other hand, a quantitative method will create a coding scheme for sure predetermined behaviors and observe these in a quantifiable method. Data-driven corporations are six instances more likely to be worthwhile than the competition. So it probably comes as no shock that marketers are really into knowledge today. You can repeat the identical procedures to see if the identical results appear, which implies the data is extra likely to be reliable and correct.
As qualitative research is usually complete, you probably can be taught plenty of significant info through a smaller group of individuals. Ultimately, qualitative and quantitative knowledge every offer information thatâs essential to comprehensively deal with a speculation and determine what motion needs to be taken. A case research is a detailed analysis of organizations or people in a real-world context used to attract inferences. In the world of customer experience, a case study could also https://www.hacksdmi.org/what-is-the-price-of-old-vinyl-records/ be used to analyze an instance in which a company failed to keep prospects top-of-mind and ended up falling apart consequently. Consider a digital spreadsheet on Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets.
This knowledge is generally expressed using sentences and pure language. It relies on properties, labels, attributes, and different identifiers. Advertise with TechnologyAdvice on Datamation and our different information and technology-focused platforms. Uses conversational methods to gather related data on a given subject. Qualitative data gives you the power to understand the extra nebulous aspects of your audienceâs expertise and their opinion about these elements.9招快速拉近你与她的性爱距离_2 2017-07-14 19:14 2,品味书香，感悟禅理.从背后拥抱伴侣是一种既传递温暖又不提要求的肢体语言。当你的爱人在做一些日常家庭琐事时，比如洗碗或者对邮件进行分类时，可以从身后抱住他(她),说教学细节 享教研收获，给对方一个惊喜,除了校级活动。|央视网|中国网络电视台|网站地图|
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发布时间:2010年08月24日 05:09 | 进入复兴论坛 | 来源：新华网
新华网内罗毕8月23日电（记者 王雅楠）摩加迪沙消息：索马里医疗与急救部门23日证实，索政府军与反政府武装当天在首都摩加迪沙爆发激烈交火，目前已造成至少25人死亡、56人受伤。
索主要反政府武装组织“伊斯兰青年运动”发言人阿里·拉格赫当天早些时候发表声明说，“伊斯兰青年运动”将对“索马里的入侵者”发起“全面战争”。他还呼吁索马里人民支持该组织针对索政府军或非盟驻索马里特派团发起的袭击，直到迫使外国维和部队撤出索马里。
随后，“伊斯兰青年运动”开始用迫击炮打击政府军及非盟部队，双方随即激烈交火。据目击者介绍，多处平民居住区遭遇炮火袭击，上述死伤者中大部分为平民。
索马里自1991年政府遭推翻后长期处于无政府状态。成立于2004年的过渡政府无力有效控制全国，在摩加迪沙的控制范围限于总统府、机场和港口等战略要地。2009年5月以来，反政府武装与政府军在摩加迪沙频频展开激战，迫使数十万当地居民逃离家园。Gli autori della rapina in villa a Madonna di Mezzastrada erano quattro, tre incappucciati con i fori per gli occhi. Hanno atteso l'arrivo della moglie di un imprenditore orafo, verso le 19.30 e, sbucati dal buio, l'hanno aggredita. Trascinata a forza nel garage, le hanno tappato la bocca, l'hanno legata con lo scotch e le hanno fermato i polsi con un legaccio mentre lei si divincolava. Il marito che si trovava in casa si è accorto che stava accadendo qualcosa di strano e si è chiuso in camera. Con il telefonino ha chiamato la polizia e i malviventi a quel punto hanno abbandonato l'impresa. Puntavano ad un colpo grosso, invece si sono accontentati della borsa della donna sfilata dalla macchina e degli anelli che la signora aveva alle dita. La squadra mobile indaga. I due coniugi, sessantenni, sono stati già dimessi dopo aver ricevuto le cure per lo choc e, la donna, per le escoriazioni e tumefazioni. Uno choc difficile da dimenticare. I quattro, dall'inflessione della voce, erano stranieri. Non sono state viste armi. Ritrovato invece un piede di porco.在接受采访时，卡拉斯科表示：原来没有人期待我可以到一支欧洲豪门球队踢球，但是我总是会对我自己说：你不会失去足球天赋，这是上帝以及父母赐予的，不是比赛给予的。
韦某与被害人覃女士曾是夫妻，两人婚后生育了三个小孩，后因感情不和于2019年7月协议离婚。
他们认为，当前法国军人和警察的社会地位正在下降，军警队伍内部开始产生对使命和职业认同的怀疑。
张铠潼
值得一提的是，这一名称和拜登去年大选时的竞选口号极为相似（BuildBackBetter，重建更美好的未来）。
因为埃里克森经常在危难时刻拯救球队，带领球队走向胜利，埃里克森被中国球迷亲切地称呼为爱神。
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Çin'de güzel ve heyecan verici bir sualtı karayolu var. Bu Jiangxi eyaletinde bulunan Yongwu karayoludur. Yongwu karayolu, Wucheng kasabasıyla Yongxiu kasabasını birbirine bağlamaktadır. Dört tarafı sularla çevrili Wucheng kasabasından dışarıya çıkmak için bu karayolu kullanılır. Uzunluğu 5.5 km'yi bulan Yongwu karayolu, Çin'in ünlü Poyang Gölü'nden geçer.山东产区，也称胶东半岛，在中国葡萄产业中占有举足轻重的地位，也是中国第一家现代葡萄酒企业——张裕诞生之地。全国总数1/4的酒庄在此扎根，葡萄酒产量占全国总量40%以上，被誉为“七大葡萄海岸之一”，目前已发展葡萄种植面积2万多公顷，葡萄酒产量、产值居全国首位，山东无疑是目前中国最重要的葡萄酒产区。山东产区的土壤类型主要以棕壤土为主，而胶东半岛的山丘基本由火成岩组成，坡缓谷宽，土层较厚。
地理环境(Geographical environment)
山东省位于中国东部沿海、黄河下游。境域包括半岛和内陆两部分，山东半岛突出于渤海、黄海之中，同辽东半岛遥相对峙;内陆部分自北而南与河北、河南、安徽、江苏4省接壤。该省境内地貌复杂，中部山地突起，西南、西北低洼平坦，东部缓丘起伏，形成以山地丘陵为骨架、平原盆地交错环列其间的地形大势。泰山雄踞中部，为山东省最高点;黄河三角洲为山东省陆地最低处。境内的基本地貌类型为：中山、低山、丘陵、台地、盆地、山前平原、黄河冲积扇、黄河平原、黄河三角洲。其中平原占地面积较大，坡度较陡的丘陵地区由于排水及光照条件更佳，因此能出产相对优质的葡萄酒。
气候情况(Climate conditions)
山东产区的气候属于暖温带季风气候，春秋短暂，冬夏较长。山东省光照资源充足，光照时数年均2290—2890小时，降水季节分布很不均衡，冬季温和少雨，夏季温暖多雨，全年降水量有60%—70%集中于夏季，所以夏季易形成涝灾，而冬、春及晚秋则易发生旱象。年平均气温11℃—14℃，山东省气温地区差异东西大于南北。全年无霜期由东北沿海向西南递增，鲁北和胶东一般为180天，鲁西南地区可达220天。
主要产区与葡萄品种(Main producing areas and grape varieties)
山东产区最主要葡萄种植区域为胶东半岛，该省九成以上的葡萄酒产自胶东半岛，葡萄种植面积约占山东种植面积的90%。而烟台产区、蓬莱产区、青岛产区则是胶东半岛内的核心产区。其中烟台酿酒历史悠久，有“中国葡萄酒之都”的美誉。
山东产区主要种植的葡萄品种有蛇龙珠(Cabernet Gernischet)、赤霞珠(Cabernet Sauvignon)、贵人香(Italian Riesling)、霞多丽(Chardonnay)、白玉霓(Ugni Blanc)、马瑟兰(Marselan)、小满胜(Petit Manseng)。- .
آمریکا میخواهد آثار برجام را خنثی کند
سخنگوی وزارت امور خارجه کشورمان گفت: آمریکایی ها سعی می کنند آثار برجام را خن�
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e debitore inadempiente, una volta verificata la capienza del proprio credito nella differenza fra il valore ricavato da una possibile vendita all’asta dell’immobile e l’importo del debito con Agenzia delle Entrate Riscossione (AdER ex Equitalia) garantito da ipoteca: infatti l’inespropriabilità della prima ed unica casa del debitore vale solo per le azioni esecutive promosse da Agenzia delle Entrate Riscossione e finalizzate a riscuotere coattivamente i crediti vantati dalla Pubblica Amministrazione. Non varrebbe per l’azione esecutiva di espropriazione immobiliare promossa da un notaio.
Il notaio, tuttavia, a nostro parere, non si impegnerà in una azione esecutiva, come l’espropriazione immobiliare, che richiede ingenti anticipi in parcelle e spese legali, per riscuotere un credito di 850 euro.
10 Settembre 2021 · Piero Ciottoli
Ti trovi nel Forum – Debiti e recupero crediti del sito la comunità dei debitori e dei consumatori italiani e stai leggendo il topic Pignoramento ed espropriazione casa per un debito con il notaio?استاندار مازندران تأکید کرد:بهره گیری از مزیت دریا برای توسعه اقتصادی مازندران یک فرصت و ضرورت است.
به گزارش خبرگزاری موج مازندران، احمد حسین زادگان جلسه شورای برنامه ریزی و توسعه استان اظهار داشت: استفاده از مزیت سواحل مازندران در راستای توسعه اقتصادی ضروری و مورد تأکید است.
وی ادامه داد: شیلات، پرورش ماهی در قفس، بهره برداری از دریا، نفت و گاز و گردشگری ساحلی و دریایی، از جمله مزایای دریا و سواحل می باشد که می بایست بیش از پیش مورد توجه قرار گیرد.
حسین زادگان افزود: کشتیرانی در مازندران علیرغم برخورداری از اراضی ساحلی گسترده و سواحل بکر مغفول مانده است.
وی گفت: دسترسی مردم با توجه به آزادسازی ۸۷.۵ درصدی سواحل استان می بایست تسهیل گردد.
استاندار مازندران بیان داشت: طرح افزایش حریم شهر بهشهر به سمت عباس آباد به منظور دخل و تصرف شهرداری از لحاظ اعتباری در این مجموعه گردشگری تصویب شد تا علاوه بر حفظ و حراست، سرمایه گذاری در این مجموعه انجام شود.
وی تصریح کرد: طرح افزایش حریم شهر بهشهر به سمت عباس آباد یک طرح دارای اولویت گردشگری بوده و مجموعه عباس آباد ثبت جهانی است.
وی اظهار داشت: برای توجیه اقتصادی سرمایه گذاری و تعیین تکلیف احداث اسکله های دریایی، با همان مدل آزادسازی دریا و مجوز اسکله های بی نامی که صادر کردیم، کلیات طرح ترکیبی مسکونی، تجاری و گردشگری برای زمین هایی که در پس کرانه اسکله ها است را در این جلسه تصویب کردیم و در کمیسون امور زیربنایی؛ نوع زمین ها و عرصه ها و میزان متراژ آن ها تعیین تکلیف می شود.Geçtiğimiz Pazar günü Ritz Carlton'da Anneysen ve SMA'ın birlikte düzenledikleri (Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Uzmanı/ Çocuk Gastroenteroloji ve Beslenme Uzmanı) Prof.Dr.Benal Büyükgebiz'in İlk Yıllarda Beslenme konulu seminerine katıldım. Twitter, instagram: #ilkyillardabeslenme
Seminer sonunda bazı konularda içim çok rahatlasa da, kendimi Mira Şimal'in beslenme düzeninde "baskıcı" bir anne olarak ilan ettim. Ve kendi kendime bundan sonra daha "rahat"* olma kararı aldım.
*Rahat: "Yemezse yemesin" modeli değil tabii ki, "istediği şekilde yesin" ya da "başka türlü yoldan yesin".
"Şu saatte yemesi lazım" değil de "bizle beraber yesin" ya da "istediği zaman yesin".
Notlarım biraz karışık olsa da sizlerle paylaşmak istedim.
BÜYÜME:
Büyüme, enerji (şeker-yağ), protein, mineral ve vitamin gerektiren biyolojik bir olaydır. Bunlar ağızdan alınan yiyeceklerden temin edilir. Bu yüzden büyüme ile gelişim karıştırılmamalıdır.
Bebek anne karnında bir hücreden ortalama 3- 3.5 kg'ya kadar büyür. Bu ağırlık 1 yaşında 3 katına ulaşır. Boyu ise ortalama 74 cm olur. İlk 6 aylık dönemde bebeklerin doğum kilosunun 2 katına çıkması beklenir. İkinci 6 aylık dönemde de yine 2 katına çıkması gerekse de büyüme hızı düştüğü için genelde bu dönemde ilk 6 aylık dönem gibi kilo artışı olmaz. Bu yüzden 3 katı denir, bu da 3- 3,5 kg doğan bir bebeğin 1 yaşında 9-9,5 kilo olmasıdır.
Büyüme hızı doğumdan sonra giderek yavaşlar, ilk aylarda 900 gr, 1 kg alan bebeklerin kilo artış oranı devam eden aylarda 100, 150 gr.'a düşer. Büyüme hızı ergenlik döneminde yeniden hızlanır.
Büyüme hızı arttıkça iştah artar. (Mesela ergenlik dönemindeki iştah, büyüme hormonuyla ilintilidir.)
Büyümenin durması ile birey çocukluktan ergenliğe geçer.
-o-
İlk 6 Ay Anne Sütü! - 4.Ay'dan Önce Ek Besine Başlanmamalı!
Bu konuda tüm uzmanlar aynı görüşte ama sütün yetersiz olduğu durumda ilk olarak mama veya inek sütü yerine formül mamalara başlanmalı.
Atopi (Alerjik reaksiyon) riskine karşı 4.aydan önce ek besine başlanmamalı.
-o-
- Çocukların demir depoları yetişkinlere göre çok daha azdır bu yüzden anemi riski daha yüksektir. Bu yüzden demir açısından zengin besinler beslenme listenizin en başında olmalıdır.
- İkinci 6 aylık dönemde bebek yeşil yapraklı sebzeler yiyor ve haftada 2 gün balık yiyorsa balık yağına çok gerek yok. (Balık yağı sorusunu ben sordum hocaya, balık yağını verirken zorlanıyorum diye)
- Bebeğin kakası kötü kokuyor ve beze yapışıyorsa, yağlı olduğunu anlarız. Bu da emilim bozukluğuyla ilgili bir problemin olabileceğine işarettir.
BESLENME:
Beslenme, reflekslerle gerçekleşen sıvı gıda alımıyla başlayan istemli olarak ağız yoluyla besin alımı ve çiğneme, yutma eylemine kadar süregelen bir beceri kazanma sürecidir.
Bebeğin beslenme becerileri ve lezzet kütüphanesi gelişimi için ikinci 6.aylık dönemde giderek artan ve katılaşan besinleri alması gerekir.
"Bence blender bir eve hiç girmemelidir!" diyor Benal Büyükgebiz.
Bebeklerin 6.ve 7.ayları püskürtme ve öğürme dönemiyken 8., 9. ve 10. ayları ısırma, çiğneme ve yutma dönemidir.
İŞTAHSIZLIK:
Ağız yoluyla beslenmede karşılaşılan/yaşanan isteksizlik, canlının ağız yoluyla yeterli/dengeli beslenememesi, sağlıklı çocukta organik, psikososyal ve davranışsal sorunlar nedeniyle yaşanan beslenme güçlüğü...Hikaye uzun-kısa süreli olabilir, normal yeme süreci vardır. Büyüme ve beslenme bozukluğu yetersizliği için risktir.
İştahsızlıkla Mücadele!
Bu başlığı ben uydurdum, en çok bu konuda not almışım da:) Bu notları da kendi dilimde yazıyorum.
- Çocuk sebze grubundan 1-2, meyvelerden 1-2 tanesini yiyorsa sorun değil. Hepsini vermeye çalışmayın.
- Sebze ve meyve aynı grup. Sebze yemiyor diye kendinizi yerden yere vurmayın.
- Çocuğa seçme özgürlüğü verin. Her şeyi yemek zorunda değil! İstediklerini, sevdiklerini yedirin.
- Özellikle çocuğuna bakmak, sağlıklı beslemek için işinden ayrılan annelerin çocuklarından beklentileri daha fazla oluyor. "Ben senin için işten ayrıldım, sen yemiyorsun" Yanlış! Çocuk ne bilsin?
- Çocukla yemek konusunda güç kavgasına girerseniz kaybeden siz olursunuz! O yüzden boşuna uğraşmayın.
- Her baskı bir tepki geliştirir. Baskıcı olmayın.
- Yemek saati, beslenme saati diye tepinmeyin. Yalnız yemeğe zorlamayın. Bırakın sizinle birlikte yesin. Ya da siz onunla birlikte yiyin.
- Büyük çocuksa hangisinden diye sorun, seçim yapmasına izin verin. Bunu da, bundan da diye ısrar etmeyin.
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r, Mary Shepherd (1982). Nepal Mandala: A Cultural Study of the Kathmandu Valley. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691031282, 9780691031286. Page 364.
- Frederic Gomes Cassidy, Joan Houston Hall, Dictionary of American Regional English, Harvard University Press, 1985.
- Wright, Elizabeth Mary, Rustic Speech and Folk-Lore, London:H. Milford, 1913.
- Cherokee Heritage Museum and Gallery, Friends "The Meaning behind the Booger Dance Masks", by Dr. R. Michael Abram.
- McNab, Chris(Chris McNab). Ancient Legends/Folklore. New York: Scholastic, Inc., 2007. (ISBN 0-439-85479-2)
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bogeyman.|John Hume : origins of a Derry icon 1960-74
MetadataShow full item record
John Hume held executive office for just five months out of a political career lasting more than 30 years. Yet he became one of the most influential politicians of the past 50 years and was instrumental in changing the course of politics not just in Northern Ireland, but also Dublin, London and Washington. This thesis examines Hume’s political origins from his earliest appearances in public life in the 1960s and how he rejected much of the received political ideology which endured for 40 years after the Partition of Ireland. It explores how Hume synthesised and entwined various strands of fresh thought and formed a distinctive approach which he made his own. It explains his rise from relative obscurity using a thematic approach. A chapter explores the “hidden history” of Hume’s Derry and its formative effect on him. Another chapter details Hume’s efforts to supplant the Nationalist Party and, along with five others, to create a new political force to further his distinctive approach to the Irish question. The third chapter examines in detail Hume’s efforts to reformulate the Northern Ireland policy of the Irish government and a fourth details his efforts to harness the power of the US. Hume’s troubled and arguably counter-productive relations with unionists in Northern Ireland are explored in chapter five and an explanation is offered as to why Hume failed to convince so many unionists of his case. It plots the changes in Hume’s approach which occurred in response to the eruption of the Troubles. The final chapter examines Hume’s relations with the British government and cites his insistence that London, as a sovereign power, involve itself fully in the search for a settlement. Throughout, constant reference is made to Hume’s Derry origins and the centrality of the city’s history and politics in his political make up.
Thesis, PhD Doctor of Philosophy
Items in the St Andrews Research Repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.Sera Etkisine Ne Sebep Olur?
Dünyadaki yaşam güneşten gelen enerjiye bağlıdır. Dünya’ya doğru gelen güneş ışığının yaklaşık yüzde 30’u dış atmosfer tarafından yönlendirilir ve uzaya geri saçılır. Geri kalanı gezegenin yüzeyine ulaşır ve kızılötesi radyasyon adı verilen yavaş hareket eden bir enerji türü olarak tekrar yukarı doğru yansıtılır .
Kızılötesi radyasyonun neden olduğu ısı , atmosferden kaçışını yavaşlatan su buharı, karbondioksit, ozon ve metan gibi sera gazları tarafından emilir .
Sera gazları Dünya atmosferinin yalnızca yüzde 1’ini oluştursa da, ısıyı hapsedip gezegeni çevreleyen bir tür sıcak hava örtüsünde tutarak iklimimizi düzenlerler.
Bu fenomen, bilim adamlarının sera etkisi dediği şeydir. Bu olmadan, bilim adamları Dünya’daki ortalama sıcaklığın yaklaşık 30 derece Santigrat (54 derece Fahrenheit) kadar daha soğuk olacağını ve mevcut ekosistemlerimizin çoğunu sürdürmek için çok soğuk olacağını tahmin ediyorlar.
İnsanlar Sera Etkisine Nasıl Katkıda Bulunur?
Sera etkisi, dünyadaki yaşam için önemli bir çevresel ön koşul olsa da, gerçekten çok fazla iyi bir şey olabilir.
Problemler, insan faaliyetlerinin atmosferde gezegeni ideal bir sıcaklığa ısıtmak için gerekenden daha fazla sera gazı oluşturarak doğal süreci bozması ve hızlandırmasıyla başlar .
Otomobil motorları için benzin de dahil olmak üzere doğal gaz, kömür ve petrolün yakılması, atmosferdeki karbondioksit seviyesini yükseltir ve gazın bitkiler ve algler tarafından salınması ve tutulması arasındaki dengeyi bozar.
Bazı çiftçilik uygulamaları ve diğer arazi kullanımları metan ve azot oksit seviyelerini artırır. Sadece çiftçilik yaparken toprakları açığa çıkarmak karbondioksit salınımına yol açar.
Birçok fabrika, doğal olarak oluşmayan, ancak halen devam etmekte olan artan sera etkisi ve küresel ısınmaya önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunan uzun ömürlü endüstriyel gazlar üretir.
Ormansızlaşma aynı zamanda küresel ısınmaya da katkıda bulunuyor. Ağaçlar karbondioksit kullanır ve onun yerine oksijen verir, bu da atmosferdeki optimum gaz dengesini oluşturmaya yardımcı olur. Daha fazla orman kereste için kesildikçe veya tarıma yer açmak için kesildikçe, bu kritik işlevi yerine getirecek daha az ağaç var. Genç ormanlar agresif bir şekilde yeniden büyüdüğünde ve tonlarca karbon yakaladığında en azından hasarın bir kısmı telafi edilebilir.
Nüfus artışı küresel ısınmada bir başka faktördür çünkü daha fazla insan ısı, ulaşım ve üretim için fosil yakıtları kullandıkça sera gazı seviyeleri de artmaya devam ediyor. Milyonlarca yeni insanı beslemek için daha fazla tarım yapıldıkça, atmosfere daha fazla sera gazı giriyor.
Sonuçta, daha fazla sera gazı, daha fazla kızılötesi radyasyonun hapsolduğu ve tutulduğu anlamına gelir, bu da Dünya yüzeyinin sıcaklığını , alt atmosferdeki havayı ve okyanus sularını kademeli olarak artırır .
Ortalama Küresel Sıcaklık Hızla Artıyor
Bugün, Dünya’nın sıcaklığındaki artış, benzeri görülmemiş bir hızla artıyor. Küresel ısınmanın ne kadar hızlı hızlandığını anlamak için şunu düşünün:
20. yüzyılın tamamı boyunca, ortalama küresel sıcaklık yaklaşık 0,6 santigrat derece arttı (1 derece Fahrenheit’ten biraz fazla).
Bilgisayar iklimi modellerini kullanan bilim adamları , 2100 yılına kadar ortalama küresel sıcaklığın 1,4 derece artarak 5,8 santigrat dereceye (yaklaşık 2,5 derece ila 10,5 Fahrenheit) yükseleceğini tahmin ediyor .
Bilim adamları, küresel sıcaklıktaki küçük artışların bile önemli iklim ve hava değişikliklerine yol açarak bulut örtüsünü, yağışları, rüzgar düzenlerini, fırtınaların şiddetini ve şiddetini ve mevsimlerin zamanlamasını etkilediğini kabul ediyor .
Yükselen sıcaklıklar deniz seviyelerini de yükseltir , altyapıya zarar verir ve dünya çapında kıyı şeridi boyunca sel meydana geldikçe ve tuzlu su iç bölgelere ulaştığında tatlı su arzını azaltır.
Yükselen sıcaklıkların yaşam alanlarını değiştirmesi ve mevsimsel olayların zamanlamasını etkilemesi nedeniyle dünyadaki nesli tükenmekte olan türlerin çoğu nesli tükenecektir .
Milyonlarca insan, özellikle tehlikeli yerlerde yaşayan veya geçimlik bir yaşam için toprağa bağımlı olan yoksul insanlar da etkilenecektir. Ulusal güvenlik kadar gıda üretimi, işleme ve dağıtımı da etkilenebilir.
Sıtma ve Lyme hastalığı gibi hayvanlar veya böcekler tarafından taşınan belirli vektör kaynaklı hastalıklar , daha sıcak koşullar menzillerini genişlettikçe daha yaygın hale gelecektir.
Karbondioksit Emisyonları En Büyük Sorundur
Şu anda, karbondioksit, sera gazlarının artmasının neden olduğu artan sera etkisinin yüzde 60’ından fazlasını oluşturmaktadır ve atmosferdeki karbondioksit seviyesi her 20 yılda bir yüzde 10’dan fazla artmaktadır.
Karbondioksit emisyonları mevcut oranlarda artmaya devam ederse, atmosferdeki gaz seviyesi 21. yüzyılda sanayi öncesi seviyelere göre muhtemelen iki katına, hatta muhtemelen üç katına çıkacaktır.
İklim Değişiklikleri Kaçınılmaz
Birleşmiş Milletler’e göre, Sanayi Çağı’nın başlangıcından bu yana meydana gelen emisyonlar nedeniyle bir miktar iklim değişikliği zaten kaçınılmaz.
Dünyanın iklimi dış değişikliklere hızlı bir şekilde yanıt vermezken, birçok bilim insanı, küresel ısınmanın dünyadaki birçok ülkede 150 yıllık sanayileşme nedeniyle halihazırda önemli bir ivmeye sahip olduğuna inanıyor. Sonuç olarak, sera gazı emisyonları azaltılsa ve atmosfer seviyelerindeki artış durdurulsa bile, küresel ısınma yüzlerce yıl Dünya’daki yaşamı etkilemeye devam edecek.
Küresel Isınmayı Azaltmak İçin Neler Yapılıyor?
Bu uzun vadeli etkileri azaltmak için birçok ülke, topluluk ve birey, fosil yakıtlara bağımlılığı azaltarak , yenilenebilir enerji kullanımını artırarak , ormanları genişleterek ve buna uygun yaşam tarzı seçimleri yaparak sera gazı emisyonlarını azaltmak ve küresel ısınmayı yavaşlatmak için harekete geçiyor . çevrenin korunmasına yardımcı olur.
Kendilerine katılacak kadar insanı işe alıp alamayacakları ve ortak çabalarının küresel ısınmanın en ciddi etkilerinin önüne geçmeye yetip yetmeyeceği, ancak gelecekteki gelişmelerle cevaplanabilecek açık sorulardır.不过这个数据需要进一步筛选，很多人口很少的国家，人均GDP非常高，但这并不能真实反映该经济体在国际上的存在感。
人口越多其人均提高难度越大，对此我们根据结合人口数量进行了新的排序：
这个图非常直观地体现了所谓的“高收入”、“中等收入”等内涵，也比较接近各经济体的实际表现。
这些年我国的经济发展有目共睹，生活水平的提高也显而易见的感受到。
当然发展到一定阶段必然会出现各种
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ح کرد: تولید محصولات پتروشیمی در آغاز بکار دولت یازدهم، ١۶ میلیارد دلار به قیمت سال ٩٠ بوده است و براساس برنامه امیدواریم امسال به ١٨ میلیارد دلار برسد.
رشد ۵٠ درصدی تولید در سال ٩۶
وی اظهار امیدواری کرد: تولید محصولات پتروشیمی در سال ٩۶ بیش از ٢٢ میلیارد دلار خواهد رسید که این رقم یعنی ۵٠ درصد رشد تولید نسبت به قیمت پایه را نشان می دهد.
وزیر نفت رگولاتوری را یکی از وظایف شرکت ملی صنایع پتروشیمی عنوان کرد و گفت: این رگولاتوری باید براساس قانون پیش رود و ایجاد فضای رقابتی نیز کند.
تولید خوراک پتروشیمی ها یک محور است
وی با بیان این که همه بخشهای صنعت پتروشیمی باید توسعه یابند، اظهار کرد: این کار با توجه به خوراکهای نامحدود در کشور برای این صنعت و سرمایه گذاریهای خارجی امکانپذیر است.
وزیر نفت با اشاره به این که در وزارت نفت برنامه ریزی به منظور تولید خوراک برای مجتمع های پتروشیمی در دستور کار است، تصریح کرد: بزرگترین مزیت پیوند صنعت پتروشیمی با نفت است؛ با تولید خوراک برای مجتمع های پتروشیمی تحولی عظیم برای کشور ایجاد خواهد شد.
ایجاد صنایع میان دست به منظور تکمیل زنجیره ارزش
به گفته زنگنه، با ساماندهی درست صنایع پتروشیمی و ایجاد زیرساختها می توان صنایع میان دست را همسو با سیاستهای اقتصاد مقاومتی ابلاغی از سوی مقام معظم رهبری به منظور تکمیل زنجیره ارزش ایجاد کرد.
وزیر نفت وظیفه شرکت ملی صنایع پتروشیمی را به حداقل رساندن هزینه سرمایه گذاری مستقیم سرمایه گذار عنوان کرد و گفت: این شرکت باید زیرساختها را برای بخش خصوصی که هم اکنون آمادگی لازم را دارد ایجاد کند.
وی با اشاره به این که ما باید دولت و شرکت ملی صنایع پتروشیمی کمک کنیم تا سرمایه گذاران بخش خصوصی بتواند بخش میان دست و پایین دست این صنعت را توسعه دهند، افزود: شرکت ملی صنایع پتروشیمی با کمک معاونت برنامه ریزی و نظارت بر منابع هیدروکربوری و با هماهنگی وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت تا ٢ ماه آینده برای فعال کردن سرمایه گذاران در این بخش اقدام کنند.
منبع (+)مسئله ۲۹۶۲: بیمه قرار وعقدی است بین بیمه کننده و موءسسه و شرکت یا شخص که بیمه را میپذیرد، و این عقد مثل سایر عقدها محتاج به ایجاب و قبول است، وشرایطی که در موجب و قابل و عقد در سایر عقود، معتبر است در این عقد نیز معتبر است، و میتوان این عقد را با هر زبانی و نوشتهای اجرا کرد.lei è una donna che si veste di moda e si può trovare quello che meglio si adatta. gioca con il mouse
vestire la bella donna con vestiti che si adatta meglio al centro. gioca con il mouse
questa donna è un attrice e hanno bisogno di un vestito carino per sfoggiare durante l evento di stasera, il suo aiuto. giocato con il mouse
è necessario effettuare questa bella donna per rendere il vostro giorno entretenido.utiliza il mouse per giocare .
una bella donna che deve contribuire a vestirsi di bei vestiti per colpire la città di oggi. gioca con il mouse
questa ragazza è una donna che indossa solo i toni del blu, cercare i vestiti che si adattano meglio nel vostro colore preferito. giocato con il mouse
e ho visto questa donna e rendere il vostro corpo bello sguardo con il vestito che si sta per scegliere per lei, usando il mouse per giocare .
gioco divertente di simulazione in cui si deve entrare in un club ed essere i migliori dj del posto.
visto questa donna che è un po in ritardo per la festa di raggiungere i loro amici, utilizzare il mouse per giocare .
dovete fare questa bella donna e rendere il vostro trucco sembrare carino sul rostro.utiliza il mouse per giocare .
coniglio ha visto la donna con abiti e gli accessori che meglio si adatta. gioca con il mouse
si deve vestire una donna e con il vestito più bello che possono lucir.utiliza il mouse per giocare
dovete esplorare il polo nord per andare alla ricerca della donna che è intrappolato nel ghiaccio, vedere se si riesce. gioca con il mouse
vide questa donna a fare una passeggiata nel suo carino jardin.utiliza il mouse per giocare .
lei è una ragazza carina ed hai bisogno di indumenti che si adatta meglio ora che lei è incinta. gioca con il mouse
questo gioco dovete sparare le persone che sono all interno della casa. gioca con il mouse|Part of a series on|
The thought experiment
A hypothetical being is proposed who receives much more utility from each unit of a resource he consumes than anyone else does. For instance, eating a cookie might bring only one unit of pleasure to an ordinary person but could bring 100 units of pleasure to a utility monster. If the utility monster can get so much pleasure from each unit of resources, it follows from utilitarianism that the distribution of resources should acknowledge this. If the utility monster existed, it would justify the mistreatment and perhaps annihilation of everyone else, according to the doctrine of utilitarianism.
There is no way of aggregating utility which can circumvent the conclusion that all units should be given to a utility monster, because every different system has a monster and defeating one utility monster creates another. For example, in Rawls' maximin or difference principle, maximin sets a group's aggregate utility as that of the being with least utility. Thus, giving units to the utility monster fails to change the group's utility unless the utility monster has the least utility.[clarification needed] Even if the utility monster has the least utility, maximin would only prefer allocating units to the monster until it catches up with the member that has next-to-least utility. This would defeat the "happy" utility monster of average utility. But if the person who has the least utility gains only a tiny amount of utility from each unit of resources, they may never catch up with the next person, so they can similarly consume all of the resources in the world. It can be shown that all consequentialist systems based on maximizing a global function are subject to utility monsters.
Commentary by Nozick
In his words:
- Utilitarian theory is embarrassed by the possibility of utility monsters who get enormously greater sums of utility from any sacrifice of others than these others lose . . . the theory seems to require that we all be sacrificed in the monster's maw, in order to increase total utility.
The utility monster has been identified directly with capitalism, and particularly the neoliberal doctrine that free market relations are the best way to constitute society. The discipline of economics is related because it identifies "utility" as a quantity that can be optimized across human beings. According to critics, these ways of thinking produce decisions that are selfish, shortsighted, and destructive to the many while benefiting the few.
The utility monster has been invoked in debates about free speech. Advocates for laws against hate speech, flag-burning and blasphemy have been accused of becoming utility monsters in order to increase society's willingness to support their policies.
The utility monster has been invoked in debates about population. citation needed], even if expanding population decreases average happiness. Opposite reasoning yields the "repugnant conclusion" that the world would be better off with one extremely happy person. Parfit suggests that Nozick's utility monster is unrealistic because one being could not experience more utility than millions of other beings put together. The implication being a more common sense continuous scale of happiness change, from great to nil, based on scarcity of units: the happiness increasing from an additional unit of resource only inversely proportional to the existing pool of units.[
- Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974)
- Mark A. Lutz and Kenneth Lux, "New directions in humanistic economics or How to overcome the utility monster", Forum for Social Economics 14(1), 1984.
- Attack of the Utility Monsters The New Threats to Free Speech, Jason Kuznicki,CATO institure, 2009.
- Derek Parfit, "Overpopulation and the quality of life", in The Repugnant Conclusion, J. Ryberg and T. Tännsjö, eds., 2004.Tanıtım Turu Yüzü - Olga Kurylenko12:58 AM
Tom Cruise ile rolleri paylaştığı film Oblivion'un tanıtımında birbirinden güzel görünümleriyle karşımıza çıktı Olga Kurylenko.
Hem şık hem de çeşitli görünümler sergilemiş. Ki ben böyle tanıtım turlarına bayılırım. Şimdiyse içlerinden en iyisini seçme zamanı.
1. Moskova Galası - Elie Saab
2. Moskova Tanıtımı - Stella McCartney
3. Tokyo Galası - Christian Dior
4. Tayvan Galası - Balmain
5. Los Angeles Galası - Burberry
6. Londra Galası - Marchesa
7. İrlanda Galası - Roland Mouret
8. Avusturya Galası - Valentino
9. Brezilya Galası - Emilio Pucci
10. Arjantin Galası - Nina Ricci
Bana göre en en en iyi görünümü kesinlikle Moskova Galası'ndaki Elie Saab elbisesi oldu.
Peki sizin için Olga Kurylenko'nun en
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i Augustin de Robespierre (Robespierre'in tam adı Maximilien de Robespierre'dir), Saint-Just, Couthon, Henriot ve daha yirmi iki kiĢi idam edildiler. Ertesi gün Komün üyesi yetmiĢ bir kiĢi, daha ertesi gün de on iki kiĢi idama gönderildi. Ġdam mahkûmlarını taĢıyan arabalar sevinç gösterilerinde bulunan halkın arasından geçerken iĢçiler, «Kahrolsun Maximum Kanunu» (ücretlerin tavanını tesbit eden kanun) diye bağırıyorlardı. Soru 80 : Robespierre'in düĢmesi ne gibi sonuçlar doğurdu? Ġlk bakıĢta 9 Thermidor olayı bir diktatörün ve bir hizbin sonu gibi görünür. Yine ilk bakıĢta Konvansiyon ve beraberinde ihtilâlci hükümet ayaktadır. Oysa 9 Thermidor (yani 17 Temmuz 1794) ihtilâlin tarihinde önemli bir dönüm noktasıdır. Robespierre'in düĢmesi, aynı zamanda, Ģiddetle savunucusu olduğu erdem ilkesine dayanan demokratik ve eĢitçi politikanın da sonudur. 9 Thermidor Dağlıların Jirondenlere karĢı giriĢtikleri 2 Haziran hareketini hiç bir zaman bağıĢlamayan Ovalıların öç almasıdır. En önemlisi de mülklerinin ellerinden alınacağından korkan büyük burjuvazinin zaferidir. Aynı zamanda spekülatör, karaborsacı politikacıların baĢarısıdır. Bu tarihten sonra enerjisini, erdemlerini yitiren Cumhuriyet rejiminin ve ihtilâlin sonu yaklaĢmıĢ oldu. 9 Thermidor, ihtilâlin sonu demek olan 18 Brumaire'i hazırlamıĢ, Robespierre'e inen darbe Cumhuriyeti de birlikte ödürmüĢtür. iktidar soldan ortaya ve sağa kaymıĢtır. Terör ise sona ermemiĢ. Dağlılara karĢı sürdürülmüĢtür. Kamu Selâmet Komitesinin yetkileri kısıtlanmıĢtır. Komite sadece savaĢ ve dıĢ politika konularında yetkili kılınmıĢtır. Ġhtilâl mahkemelerinin de yetkileri sınırlanmıĢ, üyeleri değiĢtirilmiĢ ve sanıklara birtakım garantiler sağlanmıĢtır. Bu arada Paris Komünü dağıtılarak görevleri Konvansiyon tarafından seçilen komitelere devredilmiĢtir. 12 Aralık 1794'de Jakobenler kulübü kapatıldı. Terör döneminde çıkarılan kanunlar yavaĢ yavaĢ yürürlükten kaldırıldı. Ġktisadi faaliyetleri sınırlandıran kanunların kaldırılmasını tüccarlar ve iĢ adamları büyük bir sevinçle karĢıladılar. Arkadan iĢçi ücretlerinin en yüksek sınırını saptayan «maximum» kanunu da kaldırıldı. Hayatta kalan Jirondenler Konvansiyondaki yerlerini yeniden aldılar. Buna karĢılık baĢta savcı Fouguier-Tinville olmak üzere, eski rejime hizmet etmiĢ olanların yargılanmaları ve idamları devam etti. Ancak iktisadi faaliyetlerde serbestlik fiyatların birdenbire yükselmesine yol açtı. Fakir mahallelerde halk açlıktan kırılıyordu. Açlıktan ölenlere, umutsuzluktan hayatlarına son verenlere sık sık raslanıyordu. Sefaletin gittikçe artması Paris'te yeniden ayaklanmaların baĢgöstermesine yol açtı. Ayaklanan halk ekmek ve 1793 Anayasasının uygulanmasını istiyordu. Fakat bu ayaklanmalar bastırıldı. Böylece son halk hareketleri ve ihtilâlci güçler ezildi; Mecliste kalan son Dağlı milletvekileri de temizlendi (Nisan-Mayıs 1794). Soru 81 : Robespierre'in düĢmesinden sonra gericilik nasıl güç kazandı?
1793 kıĢında, Fransa'nın batısında ihtilâle baĢkaldıranlar ezilmiĢ ve Vendee savaĢı kazanılmıĢtı. Artakalan karĢı ihtilâlciler dağınık bir biçimde, bölgenin koĢullarından (bataklık, ormanlık) da yararlanarak gerilla savaĢları yapıyorlardı. Bunlara «Chouans»lar deniliyordu. 9 Thermidordan önce Konvansiyon Chouans'lara karĢı sert tedbirler uygulanması için karar almıĢtı. Oysa 9 Thermidordan sonra isyancıların çoğu affedildi. And içmemiĢ papazların bile görevlerine dönmelerine izin verildi. KarĢı ihtilâlci liderlerin yanlarında bir miktar siâhlı adam bulundurmaları kabul edildi. Öte yandan ibadet hürriyetini sağlamlaĢtıran kararlar alındı. Fakat Konvansiyonun büyük çoğunluğu Katolikliğe karĢıydı; bunun için de ibadetin sağlanması için Cumhuriyetin masrafa girmesinden yana değildi. Böylece ortaya yeni bir rejim çıktı: Buna «Devlet ve Kilisenin ayrılması» diyoruz. Asıl önemli olan, Robespierre dönemindeki Terörün (buna bazı tarihçiler «Kızıl Terör» demektedirler) yerini kralcıların örgütlediği ve desteklediği baĢka bir terörün, «Beyaz Terör»ün almasıdır. Beyaz Terör özellikle Fransa'nın güney doğusunda etkin olmuĢtur. Bu bölgede karĢı ihtilâlciler eski Jakobenlerden yakaladıklarını öldürmüĢlerdir. Onaltıncı Louis'nin oğlu Onyedinci Louis'nin Temple hapishanesinde öldüğü söylentisi üzerine, Ġtalya'da Verona'ya göç etmiĢ oian Provence kontu Onsekizinci Louis adıyla krallığını ilân etti. Vendee'de yeniden çatıĢmalar baĢladığı gibi Ġngiliz filosu da mültecilerden ve Chouans'lardan kurulu oniki bin kiĢilik bir orduyu Brötanya kıyılarına çıkarıyordu. Bunlar 22 Temmuz 1795'te, Hoche'un komutası altındaki cumhuriyet ordusu tarafından, Quiberon dolaylarında sarılarak imha edildiler, kalanlar da teslim oldu. Soru 82 : KarĢı ihtilâlci kralcılar Paris'te nasıl baĢkaldırdılar ve bastırıldılar? Konvansiyon, gericiliğe ve karĢı ihtilâle taviz vere vere Cumhuriyetin tehlikeye düĢtüğünü anlamaya baĢlamıĢtı. Bu sebeple, hem kralcılığa hem Jakobinizme karĢı «Cumhuriyeti savunma politikası» uygulamaya yöneldi, Quiberon'da esir düĢenlere, vatan hainlerine uygulanan kanun uygulanarak 750 kiĢi kurĢuna dizildi. Yeni hazırlanmakta olan Anayasanın yürürlüğe girmesinden sonra yapılacak seçimlerde kralcıların kazanmasından korkuluyordu. Bu yüzden, Konvansiyonun itibarının sarsılmıĢ olmasına rağmen, milletvekilerinin yeniden seçilebilmelerini sağlamak amacıyla yeni bir kararname çıkarıldı. Bu kararnameye göre yeni Meclisin üyelerinin üçte ikisi eski Konvansiyon Meclisi üyeleri arasından seçilecekti. Bu karar kralcıların umutlarını suya düĢürdü. BaĢka bir yol aramak zorunda kaldılar; Paris'te bir darbe teĢebbüsüne giriĢtiler. Konvansiyona karĢı 20.000 kiĢi topladılar. Bunların içinde bazı Millî Muhafızlar da vardı. Konvansiyonun elindeyse topu topu 4.000 asker vardı. Meclisin halka yaptığı çağrıyla da 1.000 kiĢi bu askerlere katıldı. SavaĢ 13 Vendémiere (5 Ekim 1795) günü oldu. Ve tarihe Vendémiere ayaklanması olarak geçti. Konvansiyonun savunması görevine atanan Barras, kendine askeri müĢavir ve yardımcı olarak, eski bir Jakoben topçu generalini, Bonaparte'ı seçti. Bonaparte'ın yerleĢtirdiği kırk kadar top isyancıların hücumunu püskürttü. Yurtiçi ordusu komutanlığına atanan Bonaparte halkı silâhsızlandırdı ve düzeni sağladı. Konvansiyon Meclisi, Üçte iki Kararnamesine karĢı çıkanları Ģiddetle cezalandırdı. 26 Ekim 1795'te çalıĢmalarını bitirdiğini ilân ederek «YaĢasın Cumhuriyet» sesleri arasında kendi görevine son verdi. Soru 83 : Konvansiyon döneminde Fransa ile öbür Avrupa ülkeleri arasındaki savaĢ nasıl sonuçlandı? Valmy savaĢından sonra Fransız orduları her cephede saldırıya geçtiler. Kuzeyde Prusya ordularının geri çekilmesinden yararlanarak Dumouriez'nin komutasındaki birlikler, 6 Kasım 1792 günü kesif bir topçu ateĢinden sonra, Marseyyez ve Karmanyol marĢlarını söyleyerek Jemmapes'da Avusturyalıların tahkim edilmiĢ siperlerine saldırdılar. Üç hafta içinde Belçika ve Liege Piskoposluğu Fransızların eline geçti.
Fransızlar ele geçirdikleri ülkelerde, özellikle köylüler ve buriuvalar tarafından iyi karĢılanıyorlardı. Cumhuriyetin bir fetih savaĢı değil, bir kurtuluĢ savaĢı verdiği inancı yaygındı. Nitekim Konvansiyon Meclisi, 19 Kasım 1792'de aldığı bir kararda «Millî Konvansiyon, Fransız Milleti adına, hürriyetlerini elde etmek isteyen halklara yardım ve kardeĢlik getirdiğini bildirir» diyordu. Fakat bu kardeĢlik ve heyecan havası uzun sürmedi. Malî sıkıntı ve siyasî tutkular savaĢın kısa sürede bir fetih savaĢı haline gelmesine yol açtı. SavaĢın malî külfetini karĢılamak için, prenslere ve dinî topluluklara ait mallar Fransız Cumhuriyetinin yönetimine geçiyordu. Beri yanda da zamanla Fransa'nın tabiî sınırları tezi revaç buldu. Bu tabiî sınırlar tezine uygun olarak Ren nehrinin sol yakası, Alpler ve Pireneler arasında kalan Belçika, Savua, NiĢ kontluğu, yapılan sözümona bir halk oylamasıyla (Ģimdiki adıyla referandum) Fransa'nın oluyordu. Bu fetihler yanında, Fransa'nın önayak olduğu ihtilâl propagandası ve Onaltıncı Louis'nin idamı, Fransa'ya kar
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d traffic corridors at low altitude between ground stations.
NASA's B200 King Air, a smaller higher altitude aircraft from NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Va., collected data while flying level at 26,000 feet. The plane's two remote sensing instruments looked down at the surface, much like a satellite instrument, and measured particulate matter and gaseous air pollution.
Satellites observe the atmosphere as a full column. They look down through the atmosphere at the total amount of a substance that exists from the top of the atmosphere all the way to the surface. But ultimately, it's that amount on the bottom, the boundary layer, that the air quality regulator really wants to understand.
The boundary layer is like Earth's ventilation system. If the layer is thick, there's more volume for pollutants to be diluted, and therefore less impact to humans and other living things. Using the measurements from the P-3B aircraft and balloon measurements from the ground sites, the team was able to determine the depth of the boundary layer.
"We knew the boundary layer would be shallow, it typically is pretty shallow in the winter. But we were really surprised to find that it was less than 2,000 feet on average," said Crawford.
The shallow boundary layer reinforced the need for the P-3B's low altitude spirals and approaches, as well as the balloon and ground measurements from the ground sites. The P-3B spiraled from as high as 10,000 feet down to as low as 100 feet for low approaches near airports, as if the plane were going to land.
These low-level fly-bys drew a lot of attention from people in the region. But for those same residents, air quality is a highly visible issue, according to Dave Clegern with the California Air Resources Board. The San Joaquin Valley is the home of the worst air quality in the nation, according to the Environmental Protection agency. Of particular concern is particulate matter, especially "PM2.5" that is 2.5 micrometers in diameter and smaller, or 1/30th the diameter of a human hair. These aerosols are small particles suspended in the air. They cause a thick greyish brown fog over parts of the region. Heart disease, aggravated childhood asthma, and a slew of respiratory conditions are associated with particulate matter.
"The people in the Valley are highly aware of the air quality problem," said Crawford.
The DISCOVER-AQ team chose the San Joaquin Valley because of its existing air quality problem, but also because of the diversity of conditions in the region. During the mission, the team saw the build up and dissipation of pollution twice, something the team is calling unexpected good fortune, from a research standpoint at least. During the first episode, PM2.5 at the Bakersfield site nearly tripled and levels violated national ambient air quality standards over three days.
In addition to their research responsibilities, DISCOVER-AQ team members made a strong effort to reach students in the region during the campaign. Richard Clark from Millersville University in Pennsylvania, the PI at the Huron site, and Ray Hoff from University of Maryland – Baltimore County, the PI at the Porterville site, hosted more than 300 students from local schools.
Additionally, students from Kingsburg High School in Kingsburg, Calif., which is just south of Fresno, chatted with scientists during their flights using an online flight tracker tool. During the seventh DISCOVER-AQ flight, the P-3B flew directly over the students as they stood outside on the school's lawn, holding hands to form an ozone molecule.
The DISCOVER-AQ airplanes and the team members made their temporary home base at NASA's Dryden Aircraft Operations Facility in Palmdale, Calif. In all, a team of as many as 100 people supported the month-long campaign in the air and on the ground.
The California series of flights is one of four DISCOVER-AQ field studies. The first was conducted over the Baltimore-Washington, D.C. area in July 2011. Another is set for Houston later this year and the fourth location will be chosen for 2014.
DISCOVER-AQ is an Earth Venture mission, part of the Earth System Science Pathfinder program also managed at NASA Langley for the Earth Science Division of NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington.Gay couples who live together are more likely to report their health as poor or fair than married straight couples, says a new report from researchers at Michigan State University. For the study, researchers examined health records collected as part of the National Health Interview Surveys from 1997 to 2009.
A total of 686,846 adults between the ages of 18 and 65 replied to surveys detailing their relationship status and their perceived physical condition. They found that gay cohabitating men were 61 percent more likely to classify their health as poor or fair than straight married counterparts. Forty-six percent of gay, cohabitating women said the same.
Cohabitating same-sex couples did, however, report better perceived health than straight cohabiting couples, or divorced, widowed or never-married individuals. Thus far researchers could not pinpoint the cause of the discrepancy but said discrimination and other stresses associated with gay lifestyles could be the culprit.
"Access to legal marriage may provide same-sex cohabitors health benefits similar to those found in different-sex married persons, reducing health disparity," the authors wrote.
by RTT Staff Writer
For comments and feedback: [email protected], 31 Mart tarihinde sona eren 2020'nin ilk çeyreği için gelir raporunu açıkladı. Müzik akış hizmetinin açıkladığına göre artık 286 milyon aylık aktif kullanıcısı bulunuyor ve bu da yıl bazında %31'lik artış anlamına geliyor. Ücretli üye sayısı da 130 milyona yükseldi ve bu da yıl bazında %31'lik artış demek. Gelir anlamında ise firma, yıl bazında %22'lik artış ile 1,8 milyar Euro gelir elde etmiş durumda.
Spotify, COVID-19 salgınına rağmen, daha önceki öngörülerini aştığını söylüyor. Premium üyeliklerden gelir yıl bazında %23 artarak 1,7 milyar Euro'ya ulaşırken, reklam kaynaklı gelir de yıl bazında %17 artarak 148 milyon Euro'ya ulaşmış durumda. Firma, reklam kaynaklı gelirin salgın sebebiyle tahminlerinin gerisinde kaldığını da ekliyor.
Müzik akış hizmeti, işletme giderlerinde ise, 489 milyon Euro'ya ulaşıldığını söylüyor.
Spotify, önümüzdeki çeyrek için yaratıcı topluluğunu desteklemeye odaklanmayı planlıyor. Bu destekler de COVID-19 Music Relief programı aracılığıyla yapılacak. Ayrıca akış hizmeti, "sanatçıların, kendilerini desteklemek için bağış toplamasına" izin veren Artist Fundraising seçeneğini de başlatmış durumda...In Via Gandolfi ad Alessandria, nel quartiere Cristo è stato da poco aperto un nuovo parchetto, con una piccolissima area street. L'area è praticamente una mini in cemento molto allungata, con quarters e banks. Il posto è pubblico e illuminato e sempre aperto anche se la sera la zona non è il massimo.What is nonduality?
‘Nonduality’ means ‘not two’, or ‘one without a second’. Although the word is often associated with the ancient Indian philosophy of Advaita, the understanding of fundamental oneness can be identified in mystical origins throughout all cultures. Nondual understanding denotes the deep knowing and direct insight into an essential awareness or consciousness that underlies and manifests the apparent play of separateness or duality. From the nondual perspective, the divide between individuals, objects, and all phenomena, is nothing but a conceptual construct.
Nonduality reveals our true nature – the expressions of consciousness that everybody shares, including freedom, joy, peace and love. This knowledge, which isn’t intellectual knowledge, found in the insights of various sages through the ages, is the core of Hindu Vedanta, nearly all schools of Buddhism, and Taoism, and mystical Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Nonduality does not negate the appearance of separateness but points to the Source from which the world of diversity flow, the Source in which the play of duality unfolds. The blossoming of our full potential involves the evolution of mind. Life is a dynamic dance between individuality and wholeness.
The nondual approach to therapy
When we embrace the reality of wholeness – that there is a single life, consciousness and eternal Self that permeates myriad forms – dilemmas persist which are psychological. Emotional suffering calls not for bypass, denial or suppression, but deeper exploration and healing. Spiritual realization rarely heals our deep wounding or unconscious interpersonal patterns developed in early in life, observes John Welwood (2003) in ‘The Sacred Mirror: Nondual Wisdom and Psychotherapy.’ These patterns keep showing up in our lives in various ways. Often what we require is psychological processing that facilitates bringing into awareness the conditioned dynamics that reinforce these patterns.
A key principle of Nondual Therapy is that the separate self is illusory. The conception of the separate self creates the experience of ‘otherness’ which leads to a sense of unease, conflict and abandonment. In the dualistic paradigm, we strive to gain what we desire and avoid what brings suffering, and this constant seeking forms contractions (Johnson 2017).
It is in the nature of the mind to divide and oppose. “Can there be some other mind, which unites and harmonises, which sees the whole in the part and the part as totally related?” asked Advaita teacher Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj (1897 – 1981). “In the going beyond the limiting, dividing and opposing mind. In ending the mental process as we know it. When this comes to an end, that mind is born” (Maharaj 1973). The nondual approach to therapy is based on the restoring capacity of the unconditioned mind (Fenner 2003). The practitioner provides a space for clients to encounter the unconditioned mind to dissolve suffering and attending to psychological wounds. Nondual therapies are based on the fact that we have all that we need, purely because we are conscious.
The aims of nondual therapy
The goal isn’t to get rid of thoughts or feelings to reach a state of freedom. Rather, therapy awakens an experience of the unconditioned mind, and cultivates this experience. Grounded in the unconditioned mind, thoughts, emotions and perceptions still occur, but they don’t define or limit us. In this way, Nondual Therapy is a development of traditional therapeutic modalities, but it is unique in that it liberates us from compelling forms of programming that operate in humanity’s collective mind. Each nondual therapist brings something different and crafts the approach differently, there isn’t one method. Nondual awareness enriches existing theoretical models through the practitioner’s deepening awareness.
Fundamentally, Nondual Therapy is about healing; the compassionate work of rediscovering naturalness and wholeness. It is a process which helps release the body-mind’s energetic contractions by witnessing and releasing our fixations as they arise (Johnson 2017). By recognising our reactivity, its influence on us is released, and we are more able to respond lovingly to what arises. In going beyond judgement to acknowledgement, Nondual Therapy meets our deeper life in a way that conventional approaches that focus on the past and outward behavior do not. The more we cultivate the capacity to embrace the unfolding of contractions through the cessation of desire and avoidance, the more our true Self shines through.
What do nondual therapists do?
Connecting with their clients beyond the isolated, separate self, nondual therapists embody a quality of awareness that has the potential to enhance their practice. Through their presence and therapeutic skills, they help their clients appreciate the transparency of their limited identities and gently abide in a new openness, while simultaneously welcoming, honoring, and inquiring into any emotional, mental or somatic contractions that reveal themselves. In being introduced to the unconditioned aspect of their existence, people’s experience can begin to deepen and stabilize (Fenner 2003). Such is the healing power of awareness, silence and listening.
This is not about attainment or improvement. Instead, Nondual Therapy is about undoing and unmasking the entangled personality to make way for the natural flow of Nondual Qualities (Johnson 2017). Some of these are listed below. Therefore, the power lies not in ‘doing’ more, but in softening the apparent solidity of the separate self through utilizing the qualities of our consciousness creatively.
Instead of attempting to mend the personality, a nondual approach sees identity as one of the countless beloved forms of Source in action that can be celebrated as part of the whole being expressed. The capacity to have compassion towards the form we take to be our self and to be curious about the patterns and phenomena that show up in the body-mind is key in Nondual Therapy. This is supported by the nondual therapist who provides an open and non-judgmental space that allows things to be as they are, without the pressure to change.
In nondual therapy, we do not regard duality as ‘bad’ or ‘wrong’. We do not reject the many expressions of life. Instead, we accept the evolutionary movement towards natural stability and harmony. With a shift into authentic being, a spontaneous unfolding happens of the contractions that define the personality. We create a space free of tension allowing the natural letting go of dense beliefs and stuck feelings, thoughts, and energies.
As I put it in my book ‘Living the Life That You Are – Finding Wholeness When You Feel Lost, Isolated, and Afraid’: “[It] is an uncensored embrace of our present experience with courage, letting life unfold as it will, but not getting enmeshed in and identifying with that unfolding. This loving, existential embrace reveals the way to healing, to deeper understanding, to authentic unity with the universal. Suffering, if held and assimilated into universal Consciousness and no longer escaped and shunned, teaches us to be even more sensitive and receptive to contented possibilities of truth.”
It becomes less important what we do, but crucial to be what we are. Nondual therapy sees the individual self for what it is. It dissolves identities, including the roles of client and practitioner, teacher and student, enlightened and unenlightened. We rediscover a place in our experience that is free of deficiency and the catalyst of our most harmonious actions.
The possibilities of the nondual approach
In spaciousness, it becomes possible to wholeheartedly inquire into the composition, the quality, and the origin of suffering to loosen the contracted and identity-based view of the here-and-now. In a shared depth of presence, we witness, acknowledge and eventually dissolve difficulties and transformation happens.
Nondual inquiry is focused on unveiling the reality of what we are, surrendering to a deep-knowing of our true nature, and fostering an in-depth understanding of the mechanics of the conceptual. In many ways, nondual therapy is similar to satsang (a spiritual discourse or sacred gathering) because it is an investigation into the ultimate truth of mutual experience (Krystal 2003).
The personality, with all its dispositions, characteristics, and preferences may remain. There’s no attempt to alter or remove anything or to find answers and solutions. Instead, the aim is simply to discern truth and reality and to magnify the quality of the timeless moment. Of course, there may be a desire for change or a fear of what is presently manifesting, but these concepts, stories, and beliefs are held, recognized for what they are and investigated with the light of inquiry.
Accordingly, the intensity inherent in suffering and conflict evaporates spontaneously. Paradoxically and quite effortlessly, problems may get processed
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ن نتیجه ای مخالفند.
در ژاپن نیز ۵۵ درصد می گویند پرهیز از گزینه نظامی باید در اولویت باشد.
این نظرسنجی همچنین حاکی از نگرش منفی گسترده نسبت به حکومت ایران است.
حدود ۸۶ درصد نظرسنجی شوندگان در آلمان، ۸۱ درصد در فرانسه و ۷۵ درصد در ژاپن دیدگاهی منفی نسبت به ایران دارند.
پیو می گوید تصویر ایران فقط در پاکستان و اندونزی مثبت است.
این نظرسنجی در فاصله روزهای ۷ آوریل تا ۸ مه با شرکت ۲۴ هزار نفر انجام شد.به گزارش خبرگزاری فارس به نقل از خبرگزاری «آسوشیتدپرس»، حدود هزار و 800 نفر از نیروهای پلیس «تگوسیگالپا» پایتخت کشور «هندوراس» با هدف درخواست افزایش ...
به گزارش خبرگزاری فارس به نقل از خبرگزاری «آسوشیتدپرس»، حدود هزار و 800 نفر از نیروهای پلیس «تگوسیگالپا» پایتخت کشور «هندوراس» با هدف درخواست افزایش حقوق و شرایط بهتر کاری اعتصاب کردند.
بر اساس این خبر، افسران پلیس با پوشیدن یونیفورم روز گذشته (سه شنبه) چندین خیابان را با استفاده از اتومبیل های گشت زنی خود در نزدیکی یک بازار مسدود کردند. این افسران برای گفتوگو با روزنامه نگاران در این مکان دور هم جمع شدند.
یکی از افسران پلیس معترض اعلام کرد که حقوق ماهانه 2 هزار و 500 نیروی پلیس که برای فعالیت در پایتخت هندوراس اختصاص داده شده اند، حدود 150 دلار است.
این معترض گفت که هر افسر باید هزینه خود و یونیفرم، گلوله هایش را خودش پرداخت کند و علاوه بر این، این افسران در ازای هر 26 روز کاری، یک روز مرخصی دارند.
در ادامه این خبر آمده است که افسران پلیس که در اعتصاب و اعتراض به سر می برند از گفتوگو با رئیس پلیسی که درصدد مذاکره با معترضان جهت پایان دادن به اعتصاب بود، خودداری کردند.
انتهای پیام/صABD Ulusal Güvenlik Ajansı'nın (NSA) Almanya Başbakanı Angela Merkel'in cep telefonuna kadar uzanan dinleme skandalı şimdi de İspanya'yı karıştırdı. İspanyol gazeteleri El Pais ve El Mundo'nun haberlerinde, NSA'nın İspanya'da bir ay içinde gizlice 60 milyon telefon görüşmesini izlediği ileri sürüldü. Haberlerin kaynağı yine, dinleme skandalını ilk ortaya çıkaran eski CIA çalışanı Edward Snowden'dan yeni belgeler alan ABD'li gazeteci Glenn Greenwald oldu. Haberlerde dinlenenler arasında İspanyol politikacıların da bulunduğu kaydedildi. 10 Aralık 2012 ve 8 Ocak 2013 arasındaki dinlemelerde arayan ve aranan kişinin numaralarının ve bulundukları bölgeler hakkında bilgilerin toplandığı ancak konuşmaların içeriğine dokunulmadığı kaydedildi. Haberler üzerine Madrid'deki ABD Büyükelçisi James Costos, İspanya Dışişleri Bakanlığı'na çağırıldı. İspanya, olayın kabul edilemeyeceğini bildirdi. Guardian gazetesinin haberinde ABD'nin 35 lideri dinlediği ileri sürülmüştü. Ancak İspanya'da dinlenenler arasında Başbakan'ın olup olmadığı belirtilmedi. ABD dinleme skandalı yüzünden daha önce Brezilya, Meksika, Almanya ve Fransa gibi müttefikleriyle sorun yaşamıştı.The Maury Island Incident is said to be an early modern UFO encounter incident, which allegedly took place on June 21, 1947, shortly after the sighting of alleged flying saucers by American aviator and businessman Kenneth Arnold. It is also one of the earliest reported instances of an alleged encounter with so-called "Men in black".
A few days earlier, seaman Harold Dahl, out scavenging for drifting logs, claimed to have seen six UFOs near Maury Island - which is now a peninsula of Vashon Island, in Puget Sound, near Tacoma, Washington. Dahl, his son, and their dog were on the boat. Dahl claimed to have taken a number of photographs of the UFOs, and reported that one UFO shed some type of hot slag on to his boat. The slag, he said, struck and killed his dog and injured his son.
The next morning, Dahl reported, a man arrived at his home and invited him to breakfast at a nearby diner. Dahl accepted the invitation. He described the man as imposing at over six feet tall and muscular, and wearing a black suit. The man drove a new 1947 Buick, and Dahl assumed he was a military or government representative.
While the two men ate, Dahl claimed the man told him details of the UFO sighting, though Dahl had not related his account publicly. The man also gave Dahl a nonspecific warning which Dahl took as a threat that his family might be harmed if he related details of the sighting. Some confusion and debate over Dahl's statements have occurred. Dahl would later claim the UFO sighting was a hoax, but has also claimed the sighting was accurate, but he had claimed it was a hoax to avoid bringing harm to his family.
In spite of the threat, Dahl had reported the incident to his employee at his sawmill operation, Fred Crisman, who had long claimed to have experience with unusual phenomena (and who was later alleged to be linked to the John F. Kennedy assassination) and who also was the owner, or co-owner, of the boat used by Dahl. Crisman and Dahl also had a joint-venture to retrieve drifting logs from Puget Sound as a source of raw lumber. Crisman sailed to the island the following day and said he spotted a craft briefly, but it went behind a cloud. He gathered more of the slag which he found littering the beach area. He then sent a sample to Chicago with a request it be tested. According to the FBI report, Crisman either sent it to Ray Palmer, science fiction writer and editor of Amazing Science Fiction, or sent it to a friend at the University of Chicago who failed to identify the material and then sent it on to Ray Palmer.
While the "rock formation" was being passed around in Chicago, the famous sighting by Kenneth Arnold took place at Mount Rainier in Washington state. Palmer contacted Arnold and asked him to investigate the incident for the story Arnold was writing for one of Palmer's publications (the FBI report states Palmer was the editor of the magazines Venture and Fantacy at this time, although both Venture Science Fiction Magazine and The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction first appeared long after the incident. Palmer inaugurated the first issue of Fate magazine in January, 1948 with a cover featuring flying disks and the article he paid Kenneth Arnold to write.
Arnold flew from Boise, Idaho, to Tacoma and met with Crisman, Dahl and at least three military intelligence officers at the Winthrop Hotel there. During the meetings over several days, an unknown person (the FBI agent who wrote up the main report on the incident believed Crisman was the most likely suspect) began leaking details of the UFO sighting at Maury Island, the meeting in the hotel room and details of the conversation there to reporters at the Tacoma Times and at United Press, the latter reporter also working for Tacoma News Tribune. The anonymous caller also contacted the Seattle Post-Intelligencer and the Boise Statesman.
The two United States Army Air Corps investigating officers who arrived at Arnold's request, Captain William L. Davidson and Lietuenant Frank M. Brown of Army A-2 Intelligence, decided to fly back to Hamilton Field the same day they arrived in Tacoma after interviewing Crisman in the hotel room. Dahl had decided to leave, citing possible danger to himself if the story got out, presumably because of the warning he received from the man in black previously.
The two intelligence officers said they had to return to Hamilton Field in California quickly because the next day was Air Force Day, when the Air Force officially became a new service branch distinct from the Navy, Marines and Army. As the investigators were preparing to leave, Crisman produced samples of the "rock formation" from his automobile and gave it to the investigators to take back to California. The plane carrying the two investigators and the slag crashed near Kelso, Washington, shortly after leaving Tacoma, killing both men.
In April 2007 it was reported that the crash site had been rediscovered and some material recovered, although the initial military investigation did recover exhibits and remove the bodies. The FBI report notes that investigators from McChord Field near Tacoma had investigated the wreckage and were convinced there was no sabotage involved. The FBI report further mentions that two other people on board the airplane survived by parachuting from the airplane after it lost its left wing and the tail section due to a fire in the left engine. One of the survivors was named as a member of the flight crew and the other was referred to as "a hitch-hiker." The Seattle Post-Intelligencer identified them as Sergeant Elmer L. Taft and Technical Sergeant Woodrow D. Matthews. Initially the Air Force denied the men had been carrying a secret cargo, but in later years admitted that they had been officially investigating the Dahl report.
Crisman alerted Arnold of the crash early the next morning and Dahl and Crisman returned to the hotel to discuss the situation with Arnold. Arnold had invited another person, accidentally identified in the FOI copy of the FBI report as a Mr. Smith of Seattle (probably Captain E. H. Smith (elsewhere E. J. Smith) of United Airlines, identified in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer article under External links below), to Tacoma to attend the UFO conference, and this informant related to the FBI field agent that a Mr. Lantz (elsewhere identified as Paul Lance) of the Tacoma Times contacted Arnold at the hotel and informed him of the leaks, including information that the Army intelligence officers had been shot down in the B-25 airplane over Kelso by 20 mm cannon, and that a Marine airplane whose wreck had allegedly been found earlier at Mt. Rainier had also been shot down with the same weapon.
The anonymous caller claimed knowledge of on-going investigations by military intelligence. He was not identified but claimed to be a switchboard operator. Mr. Smith informed the FBI the switchboard operator at the Winthrop Hotel in Tacoma was not a male. The anonymous caller also said he was not interested in providing a scoop to any certain media outlet but wanted the news "to get back to New Jersey."
Asked to produce the photographs he had made of the UFOs over Maury Island, Dahl and the group left the hotel and went to Dahl's automobile parked outside. Dahl then claimed the photographs had disappeared from his glove compartment. Initially he had said the photographs didn't turn out and were marred by white spots that appeared on them. He didn't change his story and the group knew the photographs were of poor quality. Later UFOlogists revisited the issue of the photographs with Crisman, prompting the claim some copies had survived, but UFOlogists were unable to acquire this piece of evidence.
The ad hoc group in Tacoma in 1947 also decided to sail to Maury Island. This plan failed when the boat failed to start. Asked where the UFO had damaged the boats, Crisman pointed to the windshield, the klaaxon and a light.
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�伤，不确定他是否能参加欧联杯半决赛。作为穆里尼奥执教曼联后的签约球员，mkhitaryan在红魔一年半的时间里并不成功。今年冬天，他与桑切斯互换加盟阿森纳。这场比赛是他加盟后第一次面对老东家。
对阵老大师的球员总是表现出不缺乏性欲。下半场，mkhitaryan利用一次前场盖帽的机会敲开了曼联的球门，在加盟俱乐部并第一次回到梦幻剧场后立即进球。接到传球后，mkhitaryan仔细观察了德加的位置，打算随时用球射门。
Herrera怕他加速突破，所以没有保镖防守。亚美尼亚人随后的致命一击意味着埃雷拉的胯下交叉，正好钻进球门的左下角。就连德海也立刻做出了投篮动作，无法对球说再见。Mkhitaryan也是本赛季英超第三个禁区外射门并俘获德加进球的球员。
前两名是汤森和迪福。Mkhitaryan本赛季已经为阿森纳打进了两个英超进球，比曼联多一个。
他在老特拉福德进了两个球，一个是主队的，一个是客队的。他还在酋长球场进了一个球。
有趣的是，亚美尼亚人也成为英超第一个作为曼联球员进球并在同一个赛季夺取曼联进球的球员。在mkhitaryan进球后，他拒绝接受庆祝，举在空中的手转向看台上的红魔球迷，以回应他对自己老东家的认可。这种行为几乎和萨拉赫上周欧冠对阵罗马进球后的行为一模一样，比波努奇对阵尤文图斯进球后那种可怕的庆祝要客气得多。
有些球迷在BBCfacebook上回应曼联球迷，对他恨之入骨，但主教练穆里尼奥没有，著名的萨维奇也回应了mkhitaryan传达身份的行为。天空体育给了mkhitaryan 8分，仅次于梅特兰奈尔斯。但是相比萨拉赫战胜罗马，阿森纳的中场进球没能为球队得分，更早半场是因为呼吸困难。
赛后温格回应道，“我半场休息是因为他的右脚膝盖严重受伤。我们不会仔细观察他能否参加周四的欧联杯。
本文关键词：重返,梦,剧场,姆希塔,良,进球,拒绝,庆祝,成,亚博登录
本文来源：亚博登录-www.payyourselftoday.comOCD AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Maybe you have a thing about germs and use a lot of hand sanitizer. Or you like your sock drawer arranged just so. When people have a strong preference for organization or are very particular about certain things, it’s common for them or their family and friends to make offhand comments such as, “That’s so OCD.” Being fastidious or liking things done in a certain order isn’t necessarily a sign of a mental health disorder. It can simply be a personal preference or an aspect of your personality.
But when those tendencies result in obsessive thoughts and compulsions that cause significant emotional distress and interfere with the ability to function normally, this may indicate obsessive compulsive disorder.
What is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?
Obsessive compulsive disorder, or OCD, is a mental illness that affects people of all ages, genders and ethnicities, although research suggests that women are more likely to report having OCD to their medical team. An estimated 1% of the American population, or 2 million adults, has obsessive compulsive disorder, according to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America.
Obsessive compulsive disorder is characterized by repetitive thoughts or actions. These intrusive and disruptive thoughts are considered to be obsessions, while the resulting actions are identified as compulsions. Compulsive behavior is often an attempt to relieve or escape the obsessions and decrease the distress associated with the obsessions.
When left untreated, OCD can be debilitating. Obsessions or compulsions can escalate throughout life, becoming so extreme that people have difficulty functioning normally at school or work. In the workplace, for example, a person with OCD may insist on having everything on their desk precisely arranged before they can begin a task or attend a meeting. They may become overwhelmed by troubling thoughts and have to step away to calm themselves. Co-workers may not understand the behavior, causing misunderstandings and other difficulties. People living with OCD may avoid social events or may not be able to leave the house without completing a specific set of steps.
Some men and women with OCD work hard to hide their symptoms, which may be a source of embarrassment since they feel unable to control their thoughts and behavior. But, usually OCD symptoms directly affect the person’s quality of life or lifestyle.
What are Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Signs and Symptoms?
As with many mental health conditions, OCD can look different in each individual living with it. However, there are certain hallmarks of the disorder that can be easy to identify.
While the typical onset of initial symptoms is around age 19, children may develop OCD. In fact, up to half of all adults with OCD say their symptoms started when they were children.
Obsessions are intrusive and unwanted thoughts, images or urges that can cause a feeling of sadness, worry, or dread. These obsessions often lead to compulsions, or actions that the person thinks will prevent harm or protect them in some way.
Common obsessions can include thinking surfaces are not clean and have too many unsafe germs. A compulsion that could follow this obsession is washing hands multiple times per day with scalding water. This is different than a person who recognizes that it’s good to wash their hands after touching surfaces that have lots of germs or before eating. An individual living with OCD finds thoughts about germs and unclean hands to be intrusive and disruptive to daily life. He or she cannot function until their hands are washed, and often get caught in a cycle of not being able to stop washing their hands.
Other OCD symptoms of obsessions or compulsions can include thinking a certain number is unlucky, needing to say the same phrase a certain number of times before moving on in conversation, or feeling the need to do something over and over again.
HOW DO YOU KNOW IF YOU HAVE OCD?
Common OCD Symptoms and Signs are:
- Repetitive thoughts, images, or urges.
- Awareness that these thoughts and feelings are a problem, but feeling unable to control or get rid of them.
- Having disturbing and potentially irrational thoughts.
- Feeling fearful that things won’t be done right and something bad will happen as a result.
- Spending significant time everyday thinking about and acting on obsessions, that interfere with relationships, social life and work life.
OCD Obsessions and Compulsions
Obsessions and compulsions can take numerous forms and are unique to each individual. Below are a few common examples.
- Fear of contamination, including body fluids, germs, and dirt, which may be related to fear of disease, illness, or death.
- Fear of harming a loved one or others due to carelessness.
- Fear of purposefully hurting someone. People with these fears may have no history of aggression and no desire to hurt others, but they obsess about losing control and acting impulsively (i.e. stabbing someone with a kitchen knife for no reason or pushing someone they know or a stranger into an oncoming train).
- Sexual obsessions, including a fear about sexual orientation or unwanted sexual thoughts about family members, animals or other taboo subjects.
- Religious obsessions, including excessive concern about committing a sin or blasphemy, also called scrupulosity.
- Symmetry and exactness, often related to the way items are arranged or ordered. People with these obsessions may believe that something bad will happen if something is uneven or out of order.
Washing and cleaning– People with contamination fears may engage in excessive washing to remove dirt or germs or to feel clean. Wearing gloves or repeated hand washing, including cleaning each finger and under each fingernail, is common. People may also shower, bathe, brush their teeth or do other self-grooming rituals to the point of damaging their skin. They may also spend an inordinate amount of time cleaning their house, cell phone, or shoes and even avoid touching surfaces like doorknobs.
Checking – Stemming from a fear of being responsible for someone being hurt, people with OCD may repeatedly check appliances, doors and windows for signs of being unlocked, damaged, leaking, and so on. Checking may extend to people – they may check their own bodies for signs of disease or injury, or constantly scan their environment for signs of reassurance that they haven’t caused harm to others.
Repeating – Repeating behaviors such as going in and out of a door multiple times, rereading the same passage in a book to make sure they didn’t miss anything, or feeling the need to say the same word again and again, are all types of repetitive behavior associated with OCD. Repeating body movements can include tapping, touching or blinking.
Ordering, arranging and counting – Instilling order and exactness to objects, or obsessively counting steps or floor tiles when walking, either out loud or internally, are signs of OCD. People may also have fears of certain numbers, such as a number on a clock or an address on a building. This is more than feeling a bit superstitious about Friday the 13th or deciding “8” is your lucky number. Number obsessions lead people to believe terrible things will happen if they don’t obey their rules about numbers –for example, if they don’t eat at a certain time or wash a certain body part a set number of times, they feel extreme anxiety that something bad will happen.
According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, people living with OCD have obsessions and compulsions that last more than one hour per day. Further, their need to perform certain compulsions lead to disruption of daily life. Finally, the act of completing the compulsions do not give the person pleasure. Instead, performing the compulsions offers a brief reprieve from the anxiety associated with the obsessions.
The intensity of these intrusive and unwanted thoughts as well as the feeling of needing to act out certain rituals or behaviors in order to cope can cause people to experience suicidal thoughts or compulsions regarding self-harm.
What are the Causes of Obsessive
The root causes of OCD are unknown. However, researchers widely agree that OCD has both biological and environmental contributors.
In the brain, serotonin is a chemical that is vital to mood regulation, sleep, memory, and even social behavior. There are multiple theories that suggest those living with OCD symptoms have abnormalities in the brain related to production or use of serotonin. Researchers have also discovered that OCD has strong genetic ties. For example, individuals with an immediate family member with OCD have a 25% higher chance of experiencing the disorder.
Obsessive compulsive disorder has also been linked to other mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression. In some people, OCD becomes a coping skill for dealing with anxiety or depression, though certainly not a healthy one. Therefore, it is important to note that OCD is not a voluntary decision. The obsessions and compulsions are very much unwanted by the person living with the disorder.
OCD and the Link to Anxiety and Depression
OCD often doesn’t exist on its own. Many people with OCD also have underlying depression or an anxiety disorder, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The reasons for the connection aren’t fully understood, although it’s believed that there could be biological and environmental triggers that are common to each condition.
The obsessive thoughts and compulsive behavior that accompany OCD often cause individuals to feel anxious, worried and a sense of dread. Many people with OCD understand that their OCD behavior is unreasonable and not normal, but they feel powerless to stop. Trying to resist the urge to engage in repetitive behavior or ignore their obsessive thoughts compounds their anxiety and stress. This, in turn, can make anxiety disorders worse.
Obsessive compulsive disorder is also often linked to depression. A study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry found that one-third of people diagnosed with OCD were also depressed. Depression symptoms often emerge after the start of OCD symptoms, suggesting that the emotional distress may trigger depression symptoms. Research also indicates that the link between OCD and depression could also result from similar biological, psychological and environmental triggers for both conditions.
Physical Effects of OCD
OCD can lead to mental exhaustion. The individual may spend hours a day tending to their compulsions, which can interfere with their relationships, their ability to perform well at work, and their willpower to let go and have fun with friends and family. The mental stress of feeling the need to perform certain rituals many times a day can lead to fatigue, digestive issues and other stress-related problems. Excessive hand washing can lead to skin problems and infection. Excessive hair washing causes problems with the scalp.
OCD AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE
For many people living with obsessive compulsive disorder, finding a set of coping skills that give relief to the unwanted thoughts or cycle of compulsions is difficult. Unfortunately, there is a connection between OCD and substance abuse in that people with OCD often turn to substance abuse to find the solace and peace they seek.
A study published in the Journal of Anxiety Disorders found that 27% of people living with OCD had a substance use disorder. One question is whether OCD contributes to people using alcohol and drugs to self-medicate their symptoms, such as calming their fears or anxieties. The study found that the OCD preceded the substance abuse onset by about one year in 70% of those studied.
Since the study shows that obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms arrived first, it also provides evidence that alcohol or drug use can be an unhealthy habit and coping mechanism that develops as a way to deal with the intrusive thoughts or compulsions.
There can be other reasons that people with OCD are more likely to abuse alcohol or drugs. People living with OCD may have a tendency to withdraw from social situations due to their compulsions, or their compulsions may make others less likely to seek out their friendship or companionship. Addictive behavior can go easily unchecked due to isolation that accompanies the disease. People who live with OCD often find themselves choosing a solitary lifestyle due to compulsions or ritual seeking behaviors. Without friends nearby to notice their overuse of alcohol or other drugs, addictive behavior can escalate.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Treatment
Although OCD can have serious implications on quality of life, medications and therapy have both been shown to help people overcome their obsessive compulsive tendencies and find relief from the fears, anxiety and shame that often accompanies them.
Bluff’s psychiatrists and licensed therapists work with each patient to come up with the right combination of OCD treatments. Prescription medications can also be a component in a treatment plan for OCD. For many people living with OCD, antidepressants such as SSRIs and anti-anxiety medications work well in helping to reduce symptoms.
For OCD treatment, medications work best when combined with psychotherapy techniques such as cognitive behavior
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笑了。”所以看到你怎么拯救我们所做的好,毕竟”她说,比她更轻松的基调。”Veilt,我神气活现的汗水与战斗,必须让自己准备在公司和人类的鼻子。一个U-2飞行员需要结合两个矛盾的品质。坐在一个不舒服的弹射座椅上长达十小时，他不得不把自己的身体变成“蔬菜“关闭他的正常功能。同时，他的大脑必须全速运转。作为RichardHeyser，在古巴发现苏联导弹的飞行员，喜欢说：你的头脑永远不会放松。如果确实如此，你死了。”
好吧,我想我们会找到我们的旅馆过夜。然后我去的酒吧早晨好,试图得到一些钱从弗兰基的。”她耸耸肩。”也许他会给我五十块钱。总是这样,我被如此深远抑郁症的存在是:秘书或系主任;一个足球运动员;大学校长或受托人;一个音乐学生,医学预科生;业务在西装和tie-anyone可能受到影响。当我和学生交谈,很多人试图自杀,我经常问他们,你和你的父母谈论这个吗?说他们已经很少。他们总是问我,你担心生病了?你住得好吗?,我告诉他们,是的,我当然担心。我每天都担心。
她总是这样做,先应付危机的反应。这场战斗是像任何其他,要是稍微复杂一些。但黑暗挂,说她的心,这场战斗——其他人跟着会更加不同。她瞥了她的肩膀。她桥船员将自己权利没有发表评论。但你必须绝对确信你有一个变形技术,你不会失败。如果你拥有这样的东西……”他摇了摇头。”‘这样’可能来自小设备,Arrhae从颈甲送出给我们吗?”柯克表示。”队长,”Scotty说,”还为时过早。我还没有时间去找出什么小事情的一半。不只有一个,但是至少有三个新技术中包含它。
看不见病人会是一种损失，一个我知道我会后悔的决定。我喜欢临床工作，不愿放弃。我还是一名年轻医生和研究生的老师，像大多数人一样，从小就被提起私事。我的父亲，空军军官和飞行员，遵守军规，坚强的性格要求在困难面前保持沉默和忍耐。蜜月，因为它标志着一个远离世界关注的时刻，结束了。我写的那本书，对我躁郁症的明确描述，保证这一点。李察毫不含糊地说，我应该写我的双极性疾病。当然会有后果，他说。
“犹豫片刻之后，他低声说：“一个人在我上面的全部重量不是我以前真正感觉到的。一个成年男子这是什么。我没有感觉到被钉住了，不过。它切断了他。乔纳斯有一个关于侦探的不好的感觉。他放下电话,从桌子上,并走到窗口。他的精神是如此之低,他怀疑他们可以解除任何更多的通过任何简单的视图,但他愿意试一试。
我向内看了看，然后又看了看周围的人：没有多少把握隐私和沉默，不管多么令人钦佩，使生活比所需要的更困难。对精神疾病的沉默滋生了一种安静的丑陋，为不必要的痛苦和死亡创造了条件。我发现自己对躁狂抑郁症的沉默越来越难以忍受。真的，我父母教我把私事保密，但他们也教会我自己思考，对他人有责任感。我写的那本书，对我躁郁症的明确描述，保证这一点。李察毫不含糊地说，我应该写我的双极性疾病。当然会有后果，他说。有些是显而易见的，有些则不然。我的揭露会使我成为批评的对象，毫无疑问会使他感到尴尬。
但从他将Tod的千足虫他已经喝醉了,敲在公园的一种精神状态类似于他所想象的爆炸声后,他一直想一两个六块。他被重击,贴,喝醉了的,完全浪费,污染,stinko与权力,因为他已经对自己的角色死亡,成为所有人担心的一个人。经验不仅是醉:上瘾;第二天他想重复一遍,后的第二天,每一天,他的余生。让它说我已经要求所有工作人员检查后这样的遭遇。的确,这不是一个坏主意。让她看到。”””也就是说,khre'Riov。””Aidoann走回她的控制台。过了一会,屏幕挥动的视图Tyrava庞大的战斗桥。خبرگزاری میزان – طبق گزارش پایگاه اطلاع رسانی وزارت کشور؛ بابک دین پرست اظهار کرد: در راستای تأکیدات رحمانی فضلی وزیر کشور، مبنی بر ضرورت پیگیری مشکلات واحدهای تولیدی مشکل دار و بُحرانی در استانهای سراسرکشور، این مهم همواره جزء اولویتهای وزارت کشور، استانداریها و فرمانداریها بوده است.
معاون هماهنگی امور اقتصادی و توسعه منطقهای وزارت کشور در همین راستا با اشاره به اینکه وضعیت بنگاههای اقتصادی و مشکلات مرتبط با این حوزه در شرایط خاصِ تحریمی نیاز به رسیدگی بیش از پیش دارد، اعلام کرد: مطابق گزارش منتهی به خرداد ماه ۱۳۹۹ وزارت تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی پیرامون آخرین وضعیت واحدهای تولیدی مشکل دار و بُحرانی به تفکیک استان ها، لیست واحدهای تولیدی موصوف در اول مهرماه جاری به استانداران سراسرکشور ابلاغ شد.
وی اضافه کرد: در این ابلاغیه به استانداران تاکید شد تا با هماهنگی وزارت تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی، ضمن یکسان سازی تعاریف واحدهای مشکل دار و بحرانی و تطبیق اطلاعات ملی و استانی، با بسیج کردن امکانات استان و بهره مندی از ظرفیتهای ملی و استانی به ویژه ستاد ملی و کارگروه استانی تسهیل و رفع موانع تولید، درخصوص رفع مشکلات واحدهای موصوف تدابیر مناسب اندیشیده و اقدام لازم بعمل آورند.
انتهای پیام/سوزی دیکسون زن انگلیسی که به زودی 100 ساله می شود 82 سال است که بدون گذراندن امتحان رانندگی ، در خیابان ها وجاده ها رانندگی می کند. این زن انگلیسی در سال 1930 بدون گذراندن دوره های مربوط به گرفتن گواهینامه ، مدرک مورد نیاز خود را خریده است. او از آن به بعد هر 3 سال یک بار در آزمون های پزشکی مربوط به رانندگی شرکت کرده است و هر سال توانسته است با موفقیت در این آزمونها مجوز رانندگی خود را برای 3 سال دیگر تمدید کند.
او خود در این باره این گونه توضیح می دهد: من در سن 18 سالگی با اتومبیل پدرم رانندگی را یاد گرفتم. اتومبیل پدرم از وضعیت خوبی برخوردار نبود و من از همان ابتدا برای دنده عوض کردن هم مشکل داشتم. او در حال حاضر 5 نوه و 4 فرزند دارد. یکی از فرزندان او ، راجر در سال 2007 و در سن 61 سالگی بر اثر یک حادثه در هنگام مسابقه اتومبیل رانی در کشور بلژیک کشته شد.Virtual Tour - Life at the South Pole: Sun Links
When you're at the Pole, the Sun doesn't rise and set every day. It rises
at one equinox and sets at the other, giving 6 months of day and
6 months of night. When living under these conditions, you can well imagine
that sunlight (or the lack thereof) is a pretty big deal!
A bit of background
On the previous page, we've just collected
a few pictures pertaining
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it is that the kindergarten teacher education focuses on digital learning solutions. If kindergarten teachers themselves don’t understand the technology and the benefits of its use in kindergartens, how are we then going to be able to make early childhood education more technology-oriented? After all, Bølgan and Kjällander both agree that tablets do indeed develop and improve kindergartens and the daily activities there.
Bølgan, N. (2012). From IT to Tablet: Current Use And Future Needs in Kindergartens
Skolverket. (2016). Surfplattan blir deltagare i lekenScientific Terms and Meanings - Scientific Glossary Terms
Scientific Terms Explained - A to M
Absolute Zero – On the temperature scale is the lowest temperature theoretically possible. The theoretical point is equivalent to – 45.6oF or- 273.16o at which all molecular motion stops.
Acupuncture – It is an ancient technique, very much in vogue in China, of deadening pain. It is claimed that by the use of acupuncture major surgical operations can be performed without anesthesia. The underlying principle is that there are several points in the body at which if needles are struck, a numbing effect is produced.
Allometry – It denotes the relationship between the growth rates of an individual plant part/or an organ/or organism.
Allotropy – Existence of a chemical element in two or more forms differing in physical properties but giving rise to identical chemical compounds.
Allelopathy – Also known as antibiosis of allelochemical inter-action, which has direct or indirect inhibitory influence of one plant species or others and V/s.
Anabolism – Building up of complex substances from simple one in living tissues. It is a part of the process of metabolism.
Anesthetics – Drugs causing unconsciousness such as chloroform.
Antibiotics – These are the drugs which are produced by bacteria and which act against other strains of bacteria e.g. Penicillin, Streptomycin, Teramycin, Chloromycetin etc.
Astigmatism – It is an aberration of an optical system that causes lines in some directions to be focused less sharply than lines in other directions. To the eye it causes defective vision.
Atomic Energy – It is produced due to the splitting up of atoms of certain radio-active elements. The energy produced in this manner can be used for constructive or destructive purposes.
Atomic number – The number of electrons, or what is equivalent, the positive charge on the nucleus, of an atom.
Black box – It is an apparatus which records the flight data of an aeroplane and is also a voice recorder.
Bacteria – Are minute organisms appearing under a microscopic observation as a group of rods or spheres? Some are harmful bacteria for they help in the spread of disease, some are useful for making soil fertile.
Bioeco compass – A unique device developed by Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in Moscow, which can give reliable forewarning of natural calamities like floods and droughts.
Blood group – Dr. Costello and later Dr. Moss classified blood into various groups viz. AB, A and O according to the viscosity of blood. Patients are administered blood of their own group.
Blood Transfusion – This is process of transfusing blood of one person into the bloodstream of another person.
Calorie – The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1oC.
Centripetal Force – The force which tends to pull whirling objects towards the centre of rotation.
Centrifugal Force – The force with which a body revolving rounds the centre tends to fly off.
Catalyst – A substance which aids or speeds up a chemical process, without itself undergoing any change.
Chemotherapy – Treatment of diseases by means of a chemical compound having a specific bactericidal effect.
Chlorophyll – The green pigment contained in the leaves of plants. It enables the plants to manufacture food with the help of sunlight. It was first discovered by P.J. Pelletier (1778-1892) and J.B. Caventon (1715-1887) in 1818.
Color Blindness – It is an inborn condition in some people of not being able to distinguish between certain colors.
Deficiency diseases – These are the diseases which are caused due to the deficiency in the body of certain vitamins.
Dialysis – It is a machine used for blood purification when the kidneys malfunction. The process is also known as dialysis.
Dry Ice – It is solid carbon dioxide.
Efflorescence – The property possessed by certain crystalline substances of losing their water of crystallization when exposed to the air and becoming amorphous. Example: Washing Soda.
Electric Motor – It is a device to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Electrolysis – It is the passage of an electric current through an electrolyte with subsequent migration of ions to the electrodes.
Ecology – It is the study of the balance of nature, how different living beings and inanimate objects function together as a harmonious whole.
Endemic – A disease which becomes prevalent in a particular area on account of its surrounding conditions.
Enzymes – These are organic catalysts which actually accelerate the chemical reactions occurring in the living organism. For example lipase accelerates the hydrolysis of fate; diastase helps the conversion of starch to glucose; zymase quickens fermentation of sugar to alcohol.
Epidemic – A disease which attacks many people in a particular area at one time.
Escape Velocity – It is the minimum speed which a spacecraft must have to escape the earth's “Gravitational Pull”. It is 11.2 km/second from the earth.
Exobiology – The new science which deals with life or possibilities of life existing beyond the earth i.e. on other planets.
Fossils – A waste product from thermal power stations using coal. The strategic metal., germanium can be extracted from fly ash.
Fungi – A class of plants which have no chlorophyll.
Gene – A elementary unit of heredity. It occurs along the length of the chromosomes which surround the nuclei.
Genetic Code – The code of life by which inherited characteristics are handed down from one generation to another. The code bearing material is… D. N. A. (deoxyribonucleic acid) a biological matter which makes transmission of characteristics possible.
Green House (Glass House) – Heating influence by solar radiation reaching ground surface, allowed by CO2, ozone, dust, water, vapors, atmosphere etc.
Hemoglobin – The red pigment present in the blood functioning as an oxygen carrier.
Hibernation – Condition of sleep during certain parts of the year.
Hormones – These are chemical substances produced by ductless or endocrine glands.
Heavy water – The usual Chemical formula for water is H2O. This signifies that two atoms of hydrogen are linked with on atom of oxygen to form one molecule of water. The formula for heavy water is D2O.
Hydrophobia – It is usually caused by the bite of a mad dog. It is an incurable disease. Once it develops, the patient dies of it. It can be prevented by injections discovered by Pasteur. Injections are known as ARV (Antirabic venom)
Implosion – It is a technique for detonating underground nuclear devices.
Ionization - It is the process of splitting up of a molecule into ions.
Iron Lung – A mechanical device consisting of a chamber in which alternate pulsations of high and low pressure of the thorax of a patient produce normal lung movements. It is used in cases in which respiration muscles are paralyzed, e.g. in poliomyelitis.
Isotopes – Atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but with different atomic mass number are known as Isotopes of that element. They contain different number of neutrons.
Kinetic Energy – It is the energy possessed by the body by virtue of its motion.
Laser Beam – 'Laser' is the abbreviated form of 'Light, Amplification, by Stimulated Emission of Radiation'. It is a device for producing concentrated, powerful monochromatic and coherent beam of light. It is used in medicine, warfare etc.
Light Year – An astronomical measure of distance; the distance traveled by light in vacuum in one year. The velocity of light is, 3x108 m/s (1 light year – 9.46x1015 m)
Meson – A new particle which holds the protons and neutrons of the atomic nucleus discovered by a Japanese scientist Yukawa.
Metabolism – It is chemical process concerned with the burning and regeneration of tissues occurring in living organisms.
Myopia – Short-sightedness. A myopic man cannot see distant objects clearly while he can see near objects quite clearly.
This was part 1 of the glossary of scientific terms. You can refer to the part 2 of scientific terms and their meanings here.Home Tags CoorDown
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Questa potente preghiera a Gesù Bambino ti solleverà da ogni sofferenza PREGHIERA A GESÙ BAMBINO NELLE CAUSE DISPERATE Ricordati, o Santo Bambino Gesù, di quella promessa...Year 2: Place value
Focused learning objectives
Starter: compare and order numbers from 0 up to 100
Main: Recognise the place value (quantity value) of each digit in a two-digit number (tens, ones)
Read two-digit numbers
Know that the numbers are in order on a number line or in a hundred grid and use these to help order numbers
Know which digit is the tens and which digit is the ones in a given two-digit number
Use practical resources and/or images to represent the number of tens and ones in a given two-digit number
tens, ones, digit, two-digit number, in order, between
Number card for every child (a selection of numbers between 0 and 100 appropriate for the class)
Set of pre-prepared ‘selection’ cards and one blank card in a bag, e.g.
Individual whiteboards and pens
Bags of balloons with ten in each bag (or the lesson context could be changed to another resource that is packaged in tens)
A set of numbers for each pair of children to use during the main activity (these can be differentiated)
Take the children out on to the playground. Altogether, rehearse counting in tens and counting in ones from a multiple of ten, e.g.
Count in tens from 0 to 100
Count in tens from 30 to 80
Count in ones from 30 to 42
Introduce the context for the main part of the lesson. Mr Bumble owns a balloon shop. He sells balloons individually and in packs of ten. Explain that we are going to help him with his customers today. The first customer wants 32 balloons. Ask the children in pairs to discuss how many bags and how many individual balloons Mr Bumble needs to give the customer.
Draw three bags and write ‘10’ on each bag and then draw two small balloons and write ‘1’ on each balloon. Count in tens and write ‘30’ underneath the packets and count in ones and write ‘2’ underneath the individual balloons. Now record 30 + 2 = 32:
Now give each child a number card so each child has a different number. Explain that you are going to ask some children to get in order. Ask the children to talk to the person next to them to agree what ‘in order’ means and take feedback. Now choose five children and ask them to see if they can get in order. Ask all the children to watch carefully to see whether they agree. When everyone agrees that the five numbers are correctly placed, choose another five children and ask them to position themselves amongst the numbers already there so that all the numbers are in the right order. Continue to add five children to the line until all numbers have been placed.
Now, using the bag of cards, ask a child to take out one of the cards and read out what is written. The children holding numbers that fit the selection take one step forward. Continue to take out cards from the bag for a few minutes, asking (some) children to justify their step forward. Has everyone taken at least one step forward? If not, ask children to think of what could be written on a card to allow them to move forward. Write this on a card and read it out.
Number lines from 0 to 100 or hundred squares could be available for children to use and check against.
What could you write on a selection card that would mean:
no one steps forward?
everyone steps forward?
Now draw two bags and five individual balloons. Ask the children how many balloons this customer has ordered. On whiteboards see if the children can write this calculation (20 + 5 = 25). Repeat the above as necessary and include a ‘teens’ number. Finally ask the children to close their eyes and try to visualise the number of packets of balloons and individual balloons Mr Bumble will give to the next customer, who wants 43 balloons. Ask the children to draw on their whiteboards what they were seeing in their heads. If there are variations in what the children have drawn, encourage these children to come to the front so you can discuss and show the rest of the class what they have drawn.
Explain that they are now going to work in pairs to help Mr Bumble in his shop. They will take it in turns to be Mr Bumble and the customer. Give each pair a set of numbers you would like them to select from during this activity. The customer will pick one of these numbers and ask for that number of balloons. Mr Bumble will then draw and record the number of balloons the customer will receive (using images and the calculation as above). The customer will try to visualise the number of packets of balloons and individual balloons. The customer must always check that Mr Bumble hasn’t made a mistake!
Ask the children to count the balloons practically into packets of ten for Mr Bumble. Focus on the teens numbers, e.g. for 13 encourage the children to put ten balloons into a packet and then put three single balloons with it. Encourage the children to describe what they have done to make the required number of balloons.
Ask the children to work in pairs. Provide them with a sequence of numbers (of balloons) which can be made by adding/removing either tens or ones, e.g. 23 balloons, 27 balloons, 47 balloons, 17 balloons, 12 balloons, 52 balloons, etc.
Explain that there is a difficult customer who keeps changing his mind about how many balloons he wants. Ask them to pick the first number (e.g. 23) and each draw the correct number of packets of balloons and individual balloons. After they have checked each other’s drawings they look at the next one on the list (e.g. 27). The customer has changed his mind and now wants a different number of balloons. How can they change their drawing to represent 27? The children must explain to each other what they have done and why, e.g ‘I already had 20 balloons and three balloons, which is 23, so I needed to add another four balloons to give me 27’.
This activity could be recorded in their books or on an activity sheet, with the different numbers shown. This means that changes made are recorded. Try to encourage the children to decide how they might record the changes so that anyone reading their work would be able to follow what they had done.
Write the numbers 23 and 32 on the board. Ask what is the same and what is different about these two numbers? Ask the children to share their ideas with a partner before sharing ideas as a whole class. Ask further questions to probe their understanding, e.g.
How many packets of balloons would I need for 23 balloons? For 32 balloons?
Would you rather be given 23 sweets or 32 sweets? Why?
Would you rather have 23 days or 32 days left until your birthday? Why?
What else can you tell me about number 23?
Whilst they are working, ask children questions such as these. You might want to focus on those children whose level of understanding you are unsure about. These might be children you think are unclear or children whose thinking you can extend.
Can you explain to my why the picture you’ve drawn shows 43 balloons?
This picture shows three bags and four balloons. Would this be right for a customer who asked for 43 balloons? Why?
This picture shows 43 balloons. If a customer wanted 63 balloons, how many more do you need to give the customer?
What if a customer wanted 48 balloons but Mr Bumble only
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ص)، اساتید همکار جامعه المصطفی (ص)، طلاب غیر ایرانی جامعه المصطفی (ص) و خانواده ها و طلاب ایرانی جامعه المصطفی (ص)، کارمندان تمام وقت جامعه المصطفی (ص) و طلاب غیر ایرانی حوزه های علمیه خراج از ایران هستند که تا 15 مهرماه سال جاری مهلت دارند آثار خود را به دبیرخانه این جشنواره ارسال کنند.
وی تاکید کرد: کلیه آثار جز پایان نامه ها و تحقیقات پایانی مقطع کارشناسی مسترد نمی شود ضمن آن که در بخش ترجمه، علاوه بر نسخه ترجمه، منبع اصلی نیز باید ارسال شود.
شعبانی عنوان کرد: در بخش مقاله با توجه به ضرورت های بین المللی که بشریت به ویژه جهان اسلام مبتلابه آن است و ضرورت پژوهش در خصوص آن احساس می شود، موضوعات انتخاب شده و به محققان معرفی می شوند.
وی عدم چاپ مقاله در هرگونه نشریات و عدم ارائه آن در همایش ها و جشنواره ها را دو شرط ارسال به دبیرخانه این جشنواره عنوان کرد و افزود: امسال با توجه به بحث تکفیر، موضوعی که کل جهان با آن درگیر است و ثمره آن را در جنایات داعش و النصره و طالبان و ... می بینیم، لذا موضوع جشنواره "جهان اسلام و پدیده تکفیر؛ زمینه ها، پیامد ها و برون رفت ها" انتخاب و اعلام شد.
شعبانی با بیان اینکه در بخش مقاله جشنواره هیچ محدودیتی به لحاظ شرکت افراد اعم از رده سنی و ایرانی و خارجی و طلبه و غیر طلبه و ... وجود ندارد، خاطر نشان کرد: علاقه مندان برای کسب اطلاعات بیشتر در خصوص نحوه ارسال مقالات خود و شرایط نگارش آن می توانند به سایت جشنواره به نشانی اینترنتی tousi.miu.ac.ir مراجعه کنند؛ ضمن آن که مهلت ارسال مقالات تا 30 آبان ماه سالجاری اعلام شده است.
وی با تاکید بر اینکه با توجه به هجمه ای که از سوی تکفیری ها در خصوص اسلام هراسی و به طور خاص شیعه هراسی در جهان در حال وقوع است، گفت: در این راستا ضرورت مبارزه با اندیشه های الحادی احساس و این موضوع انتخاب شد.
مسئول دبیرخانه "جشنواره بین المللی پژوهشی شیخ طوسی" تصریح کرد: در این جشنواره ما دنبال این نبودیم تا گروه خاصی را به تکفیر متهم کنیم، در عین حال که این گروه های یاد شده معروف به تکفیری است، بلکه ما مطلق تکفیر را ممنوع کردیم چرا این بحث ممکن است از طرف مذهب شیعه هم رخ دهد، لذا آنچه ضرورت دارد و سیاست دبیرخانه هم بر آن استوار است، مطلق ممنوعیت تکفیر چه از جانب شیعه و چه از جانب اهل سنت است.
وی در ادامه به 25 محور این جشنواره اشاره کرد و گفت: محورها در بخش زمینه ها: پیشینه تاریخی پدیده تکفیر، مبانی اعتقادی تکفیر و نقد آن، ریشه های سیاسی پدیده تکفیر، جریان شناسی فرقه های تکفیر، تحلیل جامعه شناختیی پدیده تکفیر، تعصبات فرقه ای و پدیده تکفیر، شخصیت شناسی رهبران تکفیر، ریشه یابی رشد جریان تکفیر در برخی مناطق و نقد و بررسی منابع و متون جریان تکفیر اعلام شده است.
شعبانی ادامه داد: اما در بخش پیامدها: جریان تکفیر و ستیز با تمدن اسلامی، جریان تکفیر و همسویی با اسلام ستیزی استکبار، تکفیر و تروریسم، تکفیر و تضعیف امت واحده اسلامی، جریان تکفیر و مقابله با نمادهای دینی، تکفیر و تضییع کرامت انسانی، تفکر تکفیری و حضور در فضای مجازی، گستره جریان های تکفیری در جهان و پیامد های حضور جریان تکفیری در کشورهای غیر اسلامی، است که علاقه مندان می توانند آثار خود را ارسال کنند.
مسئول دبیر خانه "جشنواره بین المللی پژوهشی شیخ طوسی" خاطرنشان کرد: همچنین محور آثار در بخش برون رفت ها: مقابله فرهنگی با پدیده خشونت و تکفیر، رسالت عالمان دین و نخبگان در مقابل با پدیده تکفیر، ظرفیت دیپلماسی اسلامی در مقابل با پدیده تکفیر، اهل سنت و نقد جریان تکفیر، ضرورت تقویت جریان تقریب، پیروان مذاهب و جدال احسن و شیوه های همزیستی پیروان ادیان و مذاهب به محققان معرفی شده است.
به گفته وی "جشنواره بین المللی پژوهشی شیخ طوسی" همایش اول اسفند ماه در مجتمع آموزش عالی امام خمینی (ره) واقع در شهر مقدس قم برگزار می شود.
جهان اسلام و پدیده تکفیر؛ زمینه ها، پیامدها و برون رفت ها
- دوشنبه, 02 تیر 1393 03:02
- بازدید 1866 بار
هفدهمین جشنواره بین المللی پژوهشی شیخ طوسی با عنوان جهان اسلام و پدیده تکفیر؛ زمینه ها، پیامد ها و برون رفت ها برگزار می شود.
به گزارش صراط مبین، اولیا شعبانی، مسئول دبیرخانه "جشنواره بین المللی پژوهشی شیخ طوسی" اظهار کرد: این جشنواره که امسال هفدهمین دوره آن است، با هدف معرفی محققان برتر غیر ایرانی و آثار پژوهشی آنها هر سال از سوی معاونت پژوهشی جامعه المصطفی (ص) العالمیه برگزار می شود.President Obama’s plans to expand U.S. military involvement in Syria and Iraq without congressional approval continues the unconstitutional conduct of Presidents after World War II. Although Congress deserves a strong rebuke for failing to protect its constitutional authority over the war power, the real fault lies with the pattern of unilateral presidential actions. In June 1950, President Harry Truman launched offensive action against North Korea without coming to Congress for prior authority as required by the UN Participation Act of 1945. President Lyndon Johnson decided, after receiving the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution for a limited military response, to escalate the war year after year in the face of public and congressional
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8L’alta atmosfera ai poli Perchè si va ai poli per studiare l’alta atmosfera?
9L’alta atmosfera ai poli … perchè l’alta atmosfera polare costituisce il laboratorio naturale dell’interazione tra il Sole e la Terra
10La forma del campo magnetico terrestre è tale da favorire L’alta atmosfera ai poliLa forma del campo magnetico terrestre è tale da favorirel’ingresso di particelle solari attraverso i poli.Fai attenzione all’anello rosso attorno al polo nord!Queste sono le aurore!
11Le aurore sono causate dalle particelle che arrivano sulla Terra dal Sole. L’alta atmosfera ai poliA seconda della natura degli atomicolpiti dall’energia solare e dalla quota in cui si trovano, l’aurora assume colori diversi. Ad es. l’ossigeno a 60 km emette sul giallo-verde, a 200 km sul rosso; l’azoto sul blu.
12Le aurore sono molto belle da vedere, ma… L’alta atmosfera ai poliLe aurore sono molto belle da vedere, ma……impediscono i radio collegamenti!Menu
13L’aeronomiaL’aeronomiaLa parola aeronomia fu introdotta da Chapman nel 1932 per indicare lo studio dell'atmosfera terrestre al di sopra dei 30 km.Le nuvole e tutti i fenomeni meteorologici avvengono fino a circa 15 km di altezza, quindi l’aeronomia non studia il clima.MenuKeşfedilmemiş Bir Haritadır Yüzün
Boyaları dökülmüş duvarın üzerinde yan yana yapıştırılmış iki ayrı afiş duruyordu. Biri kadın, diğeri erkekti. Kadın olan, kendisine çok benziyordu. Tıpkı onun gibi saman sarısı saçları, boya küpünü andıran bir yüzü ve kısacık elbisesi vardı. Susuyordu kadın. Yorgun olmalıydı. Adam ise tam tersine tüm canlılığı ve sevecenliğiyle konuşmaya devam ediyordu. Bu durum karşısında donup kalmıştı adeta. Ne söyleyeceğini, nasıl davranacağını bir türlü kestiremiyordu. Artık ne yağmurun sesini işitiyor ne de içini titreten rüzgârın soğuğunu. Böyle bir şey olabilir miydi gerçekten? Ama olmuştu işte, konuşuyordu afişteki adam.
Taksit Seçenekleri2024年欧洲杯入选赛第9轮继续进行，C组的比赛中，三狮军团英格兰坐镇温布利球场对战马耳他。本场比赛英格兰队长凯恩领衔首发阵容，阿诺德身披10号司职中场。赛前，两支球队为刚刚过世的英格兰名宿博比查尔顿爵士默哀。
比赛刚开始，马耳他就反客为主完成一次射门，吉约米耶直传，托伊马禁区弧顶内低射左下角稍稍偏出。不过取得领先的还是英格兰先拔头筹，福登禁区右侧传中，皮球被马耳他后卫佩佩挡进自家大门，英格兰1比0！
第28分钟凯恩禁区内摔倒被判假摔，进而被黄卡警告。
本场比赛主裁判罚比较严，上半场英格兰和马耳他已经各有两名球员被出示黄卡。
下半场易边再战，英格兰用萨卡和沃克分别替下托莫里和加拉格尔。
英格兰这时加强进攻力度，第50分钟福登送出传中球，马奎尔头球攻门被防守球员阻挡。第57分钟，阿诺德送出直塞，萨卡禁区右肋射门再次被防守球员阻挡。
第57分钟，阿诺德送出直塞，萨卡禁区右肋射门再次被防守球员阻挡。1分钟后，阿诺德传球，拉什福德小禁区右侧射门被防守球员阻挡。
第61分钟，英格兰用赖斯和帕尔默分别替下亨德森和拉什福德，其中帕尔默迎来国家队首秀。
第75分钟，英格兰扩大领先优势，三狮军团前场连续做出一脚传球精妙配合，萨卡禁区右侧横传，凯恩6码前区附近推射破门，2比0！凯恩收获国家队生涯第62球，继续刷新英格兰队史射手王纪录。
第76分钟，赖斯禁区左肋兜射远角破门，由于处于越位位置的凯恩在皮球的飞行轨迹上，被认定干扰了马耳他守门员博内洛，最终赖斯的进球通过VAR核定后被取消。
最终，英格兰主场2比0轻取马耳他，取得A级赛事四连胜，进入2023年9场A级赛事保持不败，本届欧洲杯入选赛7场比赛取得6胜1和不败成绩。Les Trois Vallées
Les Trois Vallées (dal francese: Le Tre Valli) è un comprensorio sciistico francese che si trova nel dipartimento della Savoia nella Tarantasia. Il comprensorio insiste in parte nel parco nazionale della Vanoise.
Il comprensorio unisce principalmente le seguenti stazioni sciistiche: Courchevel, Méribel, Les Ménuires e Val Thorens. Con 600 km di piste da sci e 200 impianti di risalità è uno dei maggiori comprensori sciistici d'Europa[senza fonte].
Altri progetti[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Altri progettiPeriferik Arter hastalığı, damar duvarındaki yapısal bozukluklar, vazospazm veya kompresyon nedeniyle periferik kan akışının engellenmesi ya da kesintiye uğraması sonucu gelişen bir damar bozukluluğudur.
Temel neden ateroskleroz (arterin intima tabakasında lipit ve fibröz dokunun lokal birikimi) olmakla birlikte etiyolojide travma, emboli, tromboz, vazospazm, enflamasyon ve otoimmünite de yer almaktadır. Belirtileri damarın %75 daraldığında görülmeye başlanır yani bu süre bayağı uzundur. Diyabeti olan kişilerin çoğunluğunda diz altındaki arterlerde gelişirken; diyabeti olmayan kişilerde çoğunlukla femoral popliteal (baldır) kısmı etkilenmektedir.
Periferik Arter Nasıl Anlaşılır Bu Hastalık?
- Dinlenmeyle rahatlayan ağrı, kramp, yorgunluk ve güçsüzlüktür (klodikasyon)
- Dinlenme ağrısı bu ağrı hastayı gece uykusundan uyandırabilir
- Alt ekstremitede soğukluk ve hissizlik vardır
- Oskültasyonda üfürüm duyulabilir
- Periferik nabız ya alınamaz ya da azalmıştır
- Tırnaklar kalın ve mat olabilir (trofik değişiklik)
- Bacak derisi parlak ve incedir
- Bacakta kıllanma azalmıştır
Periferik Arter İlaç Tedavileri Nelerdir?
- Pentoksifilin (Trental)ekstremite dokularına kan akışını arttırmak için kan viskozitesini azaltır
- Silostazol (pletal) trombosit agregasyonunu inhibe eder ve vazodilatasyonu arttırır
- Asprin ve Plavix trombosit agregasyonunu inhibe eder
Periferik Arter; Önemli noktalardan bir tanesi de hastanın ve hasta yakınlarının eğitilmesidir. Hasta kendini sıcak tutmalıdır çünkü kanın vazodilatasyonu sağlamak için ,bacaklara kan akışının artması için ayaklar sarkıtılır, sigara bırakılmalıdır. Diyabetli hastalar ayak bakımlarını özenli yapmalıdırlar çünkü enfeksiyon riskleri çok yüksektir. Kişi normal kilosunda değilse yani obez ise normal kilosuna dönüşü için uygun egzersiz ve beslenme programına uymalıdır.
Ailenin eğitilmesi nasıldır? Aile nasıl davranmalıdır?
- Evde diyete uygun yemekler yapılmalıdır
- Hasta dinlenme halindeyken ayaklar yükseltilmelidir ancak kalp seviyesinin üstüne çıkmamalıdır
- Hastanın uzun süre ayakta kalması veya oturmasına dikkat edilmeli ve hasta uyarılmalıdır
- Hastanın çıplak ayakla yürümesinden kaçınılmalıdır
- Hastanın uygun ayakkabı giydiğinden emin olunmalıdır
- Hastanın egzersizlere teşviği sağlanmalıdır
- Hastanın vücudundaki renk, sıcaklık, hassasiyet, nabız değişikliği sağlık personeline bildirilmelidir.
Not: Sağlık konusunda yazılan tüm makaleler sadece bilgilendirme amaçlıdır. Burada yazılan içeriği sadece bilgilenmek için kullanın. Bir hastalığınız varsa lütfen bir sağlık kuruluşuna ya da aile doktorunuzla görüşün. Bu tür durumlarda daha iyi bilgi edinebilirsiniz.
Diğer yazığım makalelerime göz at Cisem Durmaz近几年来，领悟到了只要捉到好股就别轻易放走， 于是开翻的机会也增加了。
之前，投资了三年的AGLOBAL由于股价被几位知名炒家炒高，给了我提早套利离场的机会（原本已打算要逐步减持了），AGLOBAL让我开了两番有多。
最近，WELCALL的股价已来到RM2.30左右，以RM1.23的成本计算，纸上盈利已达到87%。
只要再涨个7%至RM2.46，我的WELLCAL就开翻了！
可是现在问题来了！如果WELCALL真的开翻，那我因该继续持有它，还是应该将它卖出套利？
WELCALL属于我Fixed Income组合的股项，按照我的投资规则，只要是Fixed Income组合里的股票都不应该卖出，除非：
（1）公司基本面或素质变差
（2）股息收入持续减少或没有股息
（3）股价高得太离谱
首先，WELLCAL管理层没变，业绩有增无减，素质依旧良好。
再来，管理层最近以融资方式来购地和建新厂的动作来推算，其派息减少的可能性不大，至少也会维持每股16仙股息。
最后是股价，由于最近其股价实在是冲得太高了，进而导致其周息率已大幅减少，其周息率从以前的超过10%，已跌至目前的6.
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�索整个问题。
“业”就是一种行为，善的行为就是善业，恶的行为就是恶业。每一种行为，必然有一定的後果。因此行为是“因”，後果是“果”。有因就必然有果。所以有一种“业”就有一种力量。这种力量导致产生必然的结果。佛家称这种力量为“业力”。
我们的身(外在行为)、口(说话)、意(念头思想)、三业都会产生业力，其中以意念的业力为最大。《太上感应篇》里说“夫心起于善，善虽未为，香港马会开奖资料！而吉神已随之;或心起于恶，恶虽未为，而凶神已随之。”
上师、三宝、菩萨及父母是我们的功德田，对功德田作极细微的恶业，比对普通众生作大恶业的果报还要严重。比如，佛经中说：将十方众生关在牢狱中的罪过，不如扭过头来不愿看菩萨一眼的罪过大；以欢喜心看菩萨一眼的功德，大于善待一切众生的善行。
因为我们根本不知道谁是菩萨的化现，所以必须十分谨慎，否则很有可能因为极小的不善业而给未来世累积下极大的痛苦果报。
受了戒与未受戒作业的力量相差极大。《宝蕴经》中说：假使三千大千世界所有的一切有情都趣入大乘，而且拥有转轮王的地位，他们各自都以大海那样宽广的灯器、须弥山那样高大的灯柱来燃灯供养佛塔。
同时有一位出家菩萨在微小的灯烛上涂上油脂，在佛塔前燃灯供养，则前者所得的福德比不上后者的百分之一。
一个受了不杀生戒的人和一个没有受不杀生戒的人什么也不做地坐在一起一个小时，虽然两个人都没有杀生，但受了不杀生戒的人积累了一个小时的不杀生的善业，而没有受不杀生戒的人只有一小时的无记业，没有一点善根。
善恶行为本身有不同的力量，比如，法布施与财布施的力量就有不同，在一切法中，圣法是最上希有的，对圣法做善业超过其他一切世间善法的功德；相反，谤法、破坏法的罪过也远远超过一般的恶业。
作任何一种业，由于用心的力量不同，感受善恶的果报也不同。比如，以利益众生的菩提心礼佛一拜的功德远远大于为求个人解脱供养几千万块钱给寺庙的功德。完全发自内心、一心一意地、慈悲心深切地做善业的力量非常猛利。
佛学中业力重的意思是由造作而产生的力量和作用很大。这是佛教为解释宇宙人生一切因果现象而使用的一个中性名词。
依佛学的解释：“业力者，即控制一切自然界和道德界现象之因果律也。”业力思想的极端复杂性和含混性，我们可以从六个角度来探讨业力论的思想，佛法所说的业力，根据行为属性，有善业、恶业、无记业之分；根据受报与否，有定业、不定业之分。
根据受报范围，有共业、别业之分；根据受报差别，有引业、满业之分。其中，善业、恶业分别由不同行为构成，比较容易理解。
业力思想是“同类相应论”，而不是“同量相应论”。就业力因果的现象来说，柿子一天能吃几个吃多了会怎！果的量确是常常比因的量来得大的。佛教徒常以自然界的现象来说明此理。例如，一粒麦子所结的麦粒果实，何止十百?
业力虽一因可生多果，但不能生无限果。一粒精虫细胞可以分裂成长为人体，含有万亿个各种不同的细胞，但此一精虫之因，至完成一人体时，其果实就算全部完成。此人以后再生之子女，就应该从另一重因果关系算起。
佛教传统相信“一因常生多果”;例如，某甲于酒后杀人，此为一业力之因。酒醒后某甲即觉其良心不安，不但无故断送了一人之性命，而且被杀者之妻眷儿女将孤苦无依。此极度之良心痛苦，是杀人业因之第一个结果。
不久事发某甲被捕，定谳入狱，这是第二个结果。因此某甲之事业及前途皆一笔勾销，家庭亦为之破碎等……是第三个结果。除了这一串连锁反应以外，此杀业还会使某甲来世受被杀者的报复和多病及短命之报，这在佛学上称之为异熟果。
又如佛经中常说，作恶业之报应亦大得不可思议。《贤愚经》中有一个故事说，从前有一婆罗门，因其母之教唆，侮辱比丘以百兽之名咒骂之。以此恶因，多生多世，竟感得一个鱼身，且有百兽之头，苦不堪言。教唆此婆罗门之母，亦堕入无间地狱中云云。这样的故事，在佛经中极为众多，
现代人对佛教的这类说法，通常认为这不过是佛教劝人行善的教化之言，把善恶果报特别加以夸张得极大，则能使人止恶向善，全属宗教的实效主义，并不一定代表真理就是这样的。
现代人阅读佛经，在看到“因果报应”时，可能会感觉其有过分夸张之嫌。例如，某经中说，于往劫时，有一人，在佛陀经过路街时，曾用几粒米投洒佛身作为供养及敬意的表示。
经过若干劫之后，此人即因供养此数粒米之功德，感得转轮圣王之报，为世界之主，其国土、城堡、妻眷、珠宝、车乘……不计其数云云。因此，此原始之一粒精虫，对以后繁衍之子女，只有间接之关系，而无直接之关系。所以说，一因可生多果但不能生无限果
业力就是因果，一般业力指不好的因果，3生果报不空，佛家常说。所以这世要行善积德化解累世的业，才能早证菩提路
控制不住自己的行为，思想，的时候，就是业力的作用。随着业力的作用贪嗔痴慢疑，有时候自己明明知道该做什么不该做什么，就是控制不住，这就是业力重。
展开全部参考：这个世界从来没有任何不公平，种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆！一切自编、自导、自演！业力是编剧，让我们一世世顺着习气演下去。要想了业、成道，就必须拔除入骨的习气。它是我们的心魔，境界一来就跳出作祟，因此练习定力、提升智慧，是我们一生的功课！
欲望少了，烦恼减轻，身心都跟着轻松起来。道德经言:“万物之始，大道至简，衍化至繁”。放下私心杂念，从生活的繁复花哨回归简单质朴。简捷行事，才能去伪存真，自然乐而无忧。
Copyright 2018-2021 香港正板图库 版权所有,未经授权,禁止转载。A volte le vie hanno nomi particolari, che non sempre corrispondono al vero significato del nome stesso, è il caso di Via Moscova. Infatti se il nome di Corso Venezia deriva dal fatto che attraversando Porta Venezia, si arrivava proprio alla città di Venezia e Porta Romana perché portava a Roma, via della Moscova deve il suo nome a ben altro motivo.
LEGGI ANCHE: Perché il Teatro alla Scala si chiama così?
Via della Moscova un tempo di chiamava Via Santa Teresa, ma Napoleone Bonaparte decise di cambiarle il nome in memoria di una sanguinosissima battaglia combattuta dalla Grande Armata durante la campagna di Russia del 1812, dove gli italiani sfoggiarono il loro valore. Il 7 settembre 1812, la Grande Armée napoleonica, che aveva iniziato il suo attacco alla Russia nel mese di giugno, si scontrò con l’esercito russo, guidato dal generale Kutusov, nella località di Borodino, non distante da Mosca. Fù un terribile scontro frontale, nel quale risultarono coinvolti, in totale, oltre 250.000 uomini e che costò a entrambe gli eserciti circa un terzo dei loro effettivi tra morti, feriti, dispersi e prigionieri.
Restano forti dubbi, tra gli storici, sulla decisione di Napoleone di impegnarsi in un oneroso attacco frontale contro le truppe russe, ben trincerate. E’ possibile che egli cercasse di distruggere l’esercito russo e poi di entrare nella vicina Mosca, ciò che pensava avrebbe segnato la fine della campagna, prima dell’arrivo dell’autunno e del temuto inverno russo. Se questo era il piano, si deve dire che esso riuscì solo in parte, perché la terribile “battaglia d’incontro” ci fu, ma per i russi – che pure uscirono sconfitti, abbandonando il terreno – fu poco più distruttiva che per la Grande Armata.
L’area in antichità, era a prevalenza agricola trovandosi fuori dalle mura medievali. Quando la città si espanse al punto da richiedere una nuova cinta muraria difensiva, naturalmente si ritrovò all’interno dell’area protetta, cambiando destinazione col passare del tempo. Qui vi erano alcune sepolture, come quelle ritrovate dopo le indagini archeologiche del 2004, che evidenziarono la sacralità del luogo. Quindi al posto di un cimitero sorsero i conventi con chiesa barocca dei Santi Teresa e Giuseppe (convento delle suore carmelitane), oggi sede della Mediateca e il più vasto complesso conventuale dei carmelitani scalzi, entrambi utilizzati per lungo tempo, dopo le soppressioni, come magazzini e l’industria della manifattura tabacchi.
Le indagini archeologiche hanno
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�法式”和辽、金时期的“减柱法”，形成了自己特有的风格。永乐宫是以壁画闻名天下，可与敦煌壁画媲美，其艺术价值之高，数量之多，实属世上罕见。
8、天津天后宫
天后宫建于1326年（元泰定三年），原名天妃宫，俗称娘娘宫，历经多次重修，是天津市区最古老的建筑群，也是中国现存年代最早的妈祖庙之一，宗教建筑。建筑群坐西朝东，面向海河，由山门、牌坊、前殿、大殿等组成，属典型的中国传统庙宇式建筑。每年天后诞辰，以天后宫为中心举行大型民间酬神庙会活动，沿河船户、周边信众亦纷纷到来，各地商贾云集，造就了天津最著名的商业街——宫南宫北大街（今古文化街）的繁荣。
9、解州关帝庙旅游区
解州关帝庙为武庙之祖，地处山西运城市解州镇西关。北靠盐池，面对中条。解州关帝庙总面积22万平方米，共有房舍200多间，分为正庙和结义园两部分，是现存规模最大的宫殿式道教建筑群和武庙，被誉为“关庙之祖”、“武庙之冠”。庙内悬挂有康熙御笔“义炳乾坤”、乾隆钦定“神勇”、咸丰御书“万世人极”、慈禧太后亲书“威灵震叠”等匾额，代表建筑是“春秋楼”。解州关帝庙景区是全国重点文物保护单位、国家AAAA级旅游景区。
10、太清宫（河南省周口市）
1986年太清宫被公布为河南省重点文物保护单位，2001年被国务院公布为全国重点文物保护单位。太清宫位于鹿邑县城东十里的太清宫镇，太清宫镇旧名厉乡曲仁里，是我国古代杰出思想家、道家派创始人老子的诞生地。据史志记载，东汉延熹八年（西元165年），桓帝刘志派中常侍管霸前来创建，始名老子庙。唐朝创始人李渊追认老子为始祖，以老子庙为太庙，起建宫阙殿宇，唐开元三十年(742年)，玄宋李隆基正式改"紫极宫"为太清宫延续至今。自"靖康之乱"后，太清宫屡遭破坏，后又数度廛修。现存建筑为明清所建。本文介绍如何在Linux下配置vim，使它支持对markdown语法的高亮显示。
知我罪我，其唯春秋。本文是傅高义《邓小平时代》的读后感
我为这个故事感动。在逆境里有一个信仰支撑，就像黑夜里见到灯塔的指引。随着摩西从红海分开的大道上走过的人，他的心想必充满畏惧，又全是欣喜。他的信仰被证实，人生得到了拯救。因信仰，他们都是有福的。
莫言的语言，特点之一是泼辣鲜活，流畅，没有翻译腔。叙事时俗得接近口语，所以显得气势连贯。写景抒情时，又细腻贴切。他的题材，大多围绕了乡村和民俗。
di Antonio Sciotti
Nel 1921, su iniziativa di Francesco Esposito (figlio di Raffaele, titolare di un negozio di strumenti musicali), si costituisce la casa editrice musicale Partenope che avrà vita per circa cinque anni. Circondatosi di un ottimo team di poeti e musicisti (con Pacifico Vento, Nicola Cinque Gennaro Ciaravolo ed Emanuele Nutile a far da punta di diamante), Francesco realizza nella primavera del 1921 la prima gara canora piedigrottesca legata alla sua editoria.
In gara 23 canzoni (nove in lingua e tredici in dialetto napoletano) più un motivo fuori concorso del poeta Ferdinando Russo: "A canzona 'e vavella" composto nel 1913 e riproposto per l'occasione. La gara canora piedigrottesca è svolta al Teatro Rossini (prima serata) e al Teatro Fenice (seconda serata) di Napoli con il seguente cast: Ciccillo Rondinella, Pietro Mazzone, Alfredo Sivoli, Giuseppe Godono, Diego Giannini, Ria Rosa, Gilda Mignonette, Tecla Scarano, la Zingara, Mimì Maggio, Gino Ruggiero e Roberto Ciaramella.
Alla vigilia della rassegna musicale Francesco Esposito (detto Don
Ciccio) spiega i motivi della sua iniziativa con un'intervista
intitolata "In quattro e quattr'otto" pubblicata, poi, in prima pagina,
sul Fascicolo della "Partenope 1921":
Don Ciccio, terminata la lettura del capitolo IX, ricco di preziose notizie musicali e di forti stimoli artistici, si accarezza il mento e sogna una propria casa editrice. Così si avventa sul significato del nome Partenope (primo nome della città di Napoli) e legge "Partenope proviene da Parthenos che significa vergine e da ops che significa canto, ed era il primo nome d'una sirena che abitava gli scogli tra Capri e le Coste napoletane e che ebbe per madre Calliope, la musa della parola e del sonoro verso eroico, e per padre il fiume Acheloo, figlio legittimo del sole". Da ciò la felice scelta del nome della casa editrice, dopodichè, in quattro e quattr'otto mette su una prima carta da visita della sua attività editoriale, scusandosi di non aver potuto fare di più e di meglio nel poco tempo trascorso tra l'idea germinatagli in mente all'improvviso e la pratica attuazione di quest'idea".
Quasi insignificante la presenza femminile alla rassegna (Elvira Donnarumma, Anna Fougez e Silvia Coruzzolo declinano l'invito dell'editore) che conta solo quattro interpreti (raggiungeranno in seguito enorme popolarità) con un solo motivo a testa da eseguire. La 31enne Gilda Mignonette (vero nome Griselda Andreatini) esegue l'allegretto spigliato di Raffaele Mendozza e Rodolfo Gargiulo "Sempe Napule sarrà" (la Mignonette in questi anni è ancora legata al repertorio di Cafè Chantant); la 21enne Ria Rosa (vero nome Maria Rosaria Liberti) interpreta il brano di Antonio Barbieri e Giuseppe Giannini "E femmene masculine" in linea con il suo stile che la contraddistinguerà per tutta la sua carriera; la 27enne Tecla Scarano (vero nome Tecla Moretti), proveniente dal teatro di Raffaele Viviani, canta la bella melodia di Nello De Lutio e Oreste Ceryno "Heart and heart (cuore e cuore)"; la misteriosa e affascinante 20enne Zingara chiude la breve carellata di presenze femminili della rassegna con l'interpretazione di "Cè vò cè vò" di Pacifico Vento e Luigi Recitano.
Ricco di big è, invece, il cast maschile del galà con la presenza di numerosi cantanti già all'apice del successo. Al 44enne tenore napoletano, Giuseppe Godono, sono affidate ben cinque composizioni (tre in lingua), mentre al 52enne casertano Diego Giannini (cantante preferito di Ferdinando Russo) sono assegnate quattro composizioni. Completano il cast, il poliedrico comico 34enne Roberto Ciaramella, il 53enne posteggiatore partenopeo Pietro Mazzone (primo girovago nella storia musicale italiana ad incidere dischi), il 22enne Alfredo Sivoli (vero nome Alfredo Vertullo), noto per l'interpretazione de "La leggenda del Piave" alla presenza dei Sovrani, il 42enne napoletano Mimì Maggio che proviene dal teatro di sceneggiata, il giovane 18enne partenopeo Gino Ruggiero, futuro cantante EIAR e, infine, il 23enne Ciccillo Rondinella (vero nome Francesco), bambino prodigio e futuro attore cinematografico.
Il Fascicolo della Partenope 1921 è compilato dal libraio Vincenzo Rondinella (papà del cantante Ciccillo), in collaborazione con Federico Verdinois. All'interno del Fascicolo musicale vi sono i Tre Saggi Dialettali tradotti da Luigi Settembrini e tratti dal libro di Papanti "I parlari italiani a Certaldo" e la commovente lettera di Oreste Mosca "Transoceanica" scritta sull'oceano Atlantico nell'ottobre del 1917 in occasione di un viaggio emigratorio di un gruppo di napoletani, calabresi e siciliani verso l'America. "Transoceanica" è, forse, la cosa più bella di tutto il Fascicolo: un drammatico viaggio verso l'America dove gli uomini, dal punto di vista del narratore, sono paragonati a dei maiali.
Il primo premio della Piedigrotta Partenope 1921 è assegnato al brano di Bonagura-Cataldo Salotto, un fox-trott interpretato da Alfredo Sivoli, mentre il 78g più venduto della rassegna è Catarì fatte 'a mappata, una canzone popolare di Pacifico Vento e Nicola Cinque eseguita da Ciccillo Rondinella.
Sono sette le canzoni della rassegna canora che non saranno incise. Tutte le altre sono portate su supporto a 78 giri dai cantanti più popolari della rassegna (esclusi, di conseguenza, gli esecutori non affermati, anche se primi interpreti della canzone). Eccone l'elenco.
LE CANZONI IN GARA (in parentesi gli autori):
LE INCISIONI A 78 GIRI (tutte Phonoelectro e Phonotype):
Per la cronaca, l'editore Francesco Esposito sarà misteriosamente ucciso nel 1944 con un colpo di rivoltella al cuore nel suo negozio di strumenti musicali. Un delitto che ancor oggi è avvolto nel mistero più fitto.
ANTONIO SCIOTTI
| |افکار هماهنگ افکاری اند که احساس خوبی ایجاد کنندافراد، شرایط، اتفاقات و موقعیت ها با قدرت افکاری که دارید به سوی شما جذب می شوند. زمانی که بفهمید با افکار و ارتعاشاتی که می فرستید چیزهایی را که می خواهید به وجود می آورید، می توانید راهی در خود پیدا کنید تا به شکل عمدی افکارتان را هدایت کنید. بسیاری از مردم بر این باورند که در جوهره اصلی شان چیزهای بیشتری نسبت به آنچه در واقعیت فیزیکی آنها به عنوان گوشت، خون و فردی که خودشان می دانند
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arasında her yıl birinin seçimi yenilenmektedir. Fransızların en uzun anayasası 1795 Anayasasıdır, 377 maddedir. Anayasanın değiĢtirilmesi son derece zorlaĢtırılmıĢtır. Meclisler üç yıl arayla üç defa Anayasanın değiĢtirilmesini ister ve bu değiĢmeyi kabul ederlerse, değiĢiklik teklifi ancak o zaman, yani dokuz yıl sonra yürürlüğe girecektir. Nitekim bu Anayasa meĢru yollardan değiĢtirilemeyecek ve bu dönem bir darbeler dönemi olacaktır. 1795 Anayasasının baĢarıyla uygulanamamıĢ olmasının çeĢitli nedenleri vardır. Kuvvetlerin kesin ayrılığı. Meclislerle Direktuvar arasındaki anlaĢmazlıkları çözülemez hale getirmiĢti. Ne var ki asıl sebebi burada arayamayız, çünkü aynı kuvvetler ayrılığı ilkesine bağlı A.B.D. Anayasası 160 yıldır yürürlüktedir. Asıl sebep siyasîdir. 1795 Anayasasını yapanlar Merkezcidirler, yani bunlar Ovalılar (La Plaine), diğer bir deyimle bataklık (Le Marais) mensuplarıdır. Hem monarĢiye, hem Jakobinizme karĢıdırlar. Halk kendilerini tutmadığından, iktidarda kalabilmek için ya seçimlere hile karıĢtırmakta, ya da, yukarıda değindiğimiz gibi, yeni seçilecek milletvekillerinin üçte ikisinin eski Konvansiyon üyesi olmasını Ģart koĢmaktadırlar. Direktuvar dönemi aynı zamanda bir iktisadî bunalım ve enflasyon dönemidir. ġimdi de Direktuvar dönemindeki olayları görelim.
B. DĠREKTUVAR (1795-1799) Soru 86 : Yeni rejim ne gibi güçlüklerle karĢılaĢmıĢtır? 1795 (Yıl III) Anayasası. 27 Ekim 1795 günü yürürlüğe girdi. Üçte iki Kanunu gereğince eski Konvansiyon üyelerinin çoğu Meclislere seçildi. Seçilen beĢ direktör ise Barras, Reubell, La Revelliere, Le Tourneur ve Sieyes'tir. Sieyes Direktörlüğü kabul etmediğinden yerine Carnot geçmiĢtir. Aslında 9 Thermidor'dan sonra kurulan iktidar el değiĢtirmemiĢ, sadece Cumhuriyetin ihtilâlci döneminden Anayasalı bir döneme geçilmiĢtir. Artık ihtilâlin son bulduğu sanılmıĢtır. Direktuvar dönemi Fransa tarihinde, kapitalizmin hızla geliĢtiği, karaborsa ve borsa oyunlarıyla yeni zenginlerin türediği, halkın sefaletinin koyulaĢmasına karĢılık burjuvazinin zenginleĢtiği bir dönemdir. Bu dönemde fiyatların 230 misli artmasına karĢılık ücretlerin 63 misli artığını belirtmek, iktisadî bunalım hakkında yeterince fikir vermektedir. Siyasi alanda Direktuvar bir denge politikası izlemeye çalıĢtı. Hükümet bazı, kralcı muhalefete vurmak için sola dayanmıĢ, bazı da Jakoben muhalefetini vurmak için kralcılarla iĢbirliği yapmıĢtır. Bütün Direktuvar boyunca burjuvalar, «kan içiciler», «anarĢistler» olarak niteledikleri Jakobenlerden korkmakta devam etmiĢlerdir, öte yandan, Vendemiaire ayaklanmasından sonra bile Ġngiltere'nin desteğine güvenen kralcılar, hâlâ bir tehlike teĢkil ediyorlardı. Ġktisadî bunalım yeniden, halkı hükümete karĢı çıkaracak kerteye ulaĢıyordu. Fiyatların baĢdöndürücü bir hızla yükselmesi, ücretlilere hayatı yaĢanmaz hale getirdi. Üstelik 1795 yılında iyi ürün alınamadığından pazarlar bomboĢtu. Kâğıt paranın değerini yitirmesi karĢısında köylüler yalnız madeni para kabul ediyorlardı. Paris'te vesika ekmeği günde yarım kilo verilirken 75 grama indirildi. Karaborsacı tüccarların zenginliği karĢısında halkın yoksulluğu, sömürenlerle sömürülenlerin çeliĢkisini açıkça ortaya koymaya baĢlamıĢtı.
Hükümet mecburi istikraza baĢvurmak zorunda kaldı. Bu da burjuvazide hoĢnutsuzluk yarattı. Yeni çıkarılan kâğıt para karĢılığında, ihtilâlin, özellikle Dağlıların el koyduğu ve millileĢtirilen malların satıĢı serbest bırakıldı. Açık artırma yapılmadan satılan millî mallar, burjuvazinin daha da zenginleĢmesine yaradı, iĢte servet farkının ve sefaletin arttığı bu dönemde, komünist fikirler, bir düĢünürün kurduğu hayal, bir ütopya olmaktan çıkarak ilk kez eylem alanına inme olanağını buldu. EĢitlerin rejimi devirme teĢebbüsü olarak adlandırılan bu dönemi anlayabilmek için, Babeuf'ün fikirlerine yer vermek, yani babuvizmin ne olduğuna, kısa da olsa değinmek zorunludur. Soru 87 : Babeuf kimdir? Babuvizm nedir? Jakobinizm ve Robespierre yönetimindeki Dağlıların sonunda diktatörlüğe varan politikası bir «sosyal demokrasi» denemesidir. Babuvizm ve eĢitlerin rejimi devirme teĢebbüsü ise bir komünist baĢkaldırmadır. Babeuf bir yandan Jacques Roux ve öfkelilerin eĢitlik konusundaki görüĢlerini geliĢtirmiĢ, öte yandan da Robespierre'in «ihtilâli korumak ve tamamlamak için gerekli diktatörlük» konusunda ileri sürdüğü görüĢleri derinleĢtirerek sistemleĢtirmiĢtir. Babeuf 1760 yılında Fransa'nın kuzeyinde, fakir bir ailenin çocuğu olarak doğdu. Gene yaĢta hayatını kazanmak zorunda kaldı. Uzun süre tapu iĢlerinde çalıĢtı. 1790 yılında yoksul halka yüklenen vergileri protesto ettiği için ilk kez hapse girdi. 1795'te halkı direnmeye çağırması yeniden hapishaneyi boylamasına yol açtı. 1796'da EĢitler derneğini kurdu. Dernek ihbar edilince elebaĢları yakalandı ve Babeuf'ün, sömürülen sınıfların kurtuluĢu uğruna verdiği savaĢ, 1797 yılında giyotinde can vermesiyle son buldu. Babuvizmin kapsadığı fikirleri, Babeuf'ün eski mücadele arkadaĢı Buonarotti, 1828 yılında yazdığı «Babeuf komplosu denilen eĢitlik için komplo» adlı kitapta topladı. Babeuf cumhuriyetçiliği ve laikliği Ģöyle tanımlar: «Cumhuriyetçi, sonsuzluğun adamı değildir; yaĢanan zamanın adamıdır. Cenneti yeryüzündedir. Hürriyetten, mutluluktan yeryüzünde yararlanmak, öbür dünyayı beklemeden yararlanmak ister. Toplumun amacı herkesin mutluluğudur. Onun için nimetlerden faydalanmakta eĢitlik sağlanmalıdır.» ĠĢte Babeuf için hareket noktası olan bu fikirler onu sosyal düzenin kökünden; değiĢtirilmesi gerektiği düĢüncesine ve sınıf mücadelesi görüĢüne kadar götürecektir. Babeuf'ün görüĢleri eylem içinde geliĢtiği için yaĢadığı dönemin koĢullarının elverdiği oranda, sağlam temellere de dayanabilmiĢtir. Babeuf baĢlarda Jakobinizme bağlı, 1793 Anayasasını savunan radikal bir cumhuriyetçidir. Fakat bir demokrat olarak teröre karĢı çıkmıĢ ve bu dönemi uzun uzun eleĢtirmiĢtir. Robespierre'in düĢmesinden sonra ise, burjuvazinin güçlenmesi ve sömürü düzeninin Ģiddetlenmesi karĢısında, Jakobenlere karĢı takındığı tavırdan piĢmanlık duymuĢ, piĢmanlığını da Ģöyle açıklamıĢtır: «Robespierre sisteminin korkunç yapısını yıkmak için en ön safta olanca gücümle zalimlere saldırırken, öte yandan hoĢgörü istemekle, her türlü baskı, terör ve haksız sertliğin son bulmasını ve en geniĢ bir söz ve yazı hürriyetinin kabul edilmesini istemekle, düĢmanlarımızın eline Cumhuriyeti kökünden yıkmak için koz verdiğimin farkına varmaktan uzaktım.» Böylece Babeuf sosyal düzeni değiĢtirebilmek için, o güne kadar sömürülmüĢ olan sınıfın, geçici bir süre, kendi diktatoryasını kurması gerektiği düĢüncesine varmıĢtır. Touchard'ın belirttiği gibi Babuvizm, bir doktrinden çok, bir baĢkaldırma ve kıĢkırtıcılık (agitation) tekniğidir. Buna rağmen bilimsel sosyalizmin bazı temel fikirlerini de taĢımaktadır. Babeuf'e göre Fransız ihtilâli, eski Roma'da olduğu gibi, patriçilerle plebler arasında sürdürülen bir savaĢtır, ihtilâl, zenginlerle fakirler arasında bir sınıf mücadelesidir. Yöneticiler, sömüren sınıfın politikasını uygulamaktadırlar. Babeuf'ün gazetesinde yayınladığı ve Sylvain Mardana! tarafından kaleme alındığı iddia edilen EĢitler Manifestosuna göre siyasî ihtilâl bir sosyal devrimle
tamamlanmalıdır. Fransız ihtilâli, ilerde gerçekleĢecek olan büyük ve sonuncu ihtilâlin öncüsüdür. Babuvizmin temelini eĢitlik ilkesi meydana getirmektedir. Bu konuda EĢitler Manifestosunda önemli bir ayrım yapılmaktadır: ġekil eĢitlik yani «kanunlar önünde eĢitlik» ve gerçek eĢitlik yani «üretimden eĢit pay almak». Bu eĢitlik anlayıĢı Babeuf'ü toprağın kollektifleĢtirilmesi gerektiği inancına götürmüĢtür. «Fiilî eĢitliği sağlamak için toprak reformu
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起来。这是在李公麟白刻画法基本上，生长起来的水墨画新风格，堪可称为代表南北宋瓜代时代水墨艺术生长成就的经典之作。但是，此作的经典意义至今却依然深陷在所谓作者“名头”误区当中，而难以被深刻的研究与观赏。
《白莲社图》前段
我们先来看看此无款《白莲社图》卷在现代，如何被变成了“李公麟”。全卷如今依然无缺地保存着清宫装裱的原状，卷中从首至尾除钤有多方清宫藏印以外，还有多枚清初有名收藏家梁清标的收藏印分布于卷中前后，每纸间的接缝处多半有梁清标钤骑缝印。于此，梁清标收藏与入宫后的状况，根本可以分辨清楚。画心背工下角处存有宋白文半印，足以证明此画是从宋朝传播上去的。将此画指向了“李公麟”的说法，就在题跋部分前两纸中，李德素的隶书题跋开首便道：“白莲社图，熙宁中龙眠李公麟伯时所作也。即云松泉石，遂为道场，不以屋室碍所见也，……。”厥后范惇题诗一首，下面又潦草补题：“绍兴己卯（1159）八月既望。后二年再得张、赵二公跋尾书于后。 ”
张激第一跋的意思是，大年夜不雅三年（1109）借到前面李德素白莲社图记并摹上去，还特别解释李公麟、李德素都是他舅。赵德麟的跋题于政和丙申（1116）二月十七日，说的是白莲结社今后的状况，其间在“社图”处有刮涂，而“横披小轴”也与此卷不克不及相合。厥后紧接着有张激第二跋：“是年冬，传此本于赵元尗。投子山叟张激书。”这两纸题跋内容的中间意思是，一、画是李公麟作的，2、跋是靠得住的。然则，将《白莲社图记》与画面对比，其开首“挈经乘马以入者，谢康乐灵运也。蓝舆而出随以酒者，陶渊明也……。”的记叙就不克不及与画面相合，前面的次序也有多处不合，明显记的不是此卷画，《白莲社图记》两侧尚存的宋白文半印也足以证明此记是后拼出去了的。虽然这两纸题跋存在着多项可疑的地方，然则，在清宫入藏时，照样根据这些题跋将此《白莲社图》卷著录在了李公麟名下。所谓“李公麟作《白莲社图》卷”，大年夜体就是这么来的。
《白莲社图》卷后的题跋
清除李公麟所作的剖断看法，1963年就挂号在了辽宁省博物馆的文物收藏卡片上：“中心字画剖断小组剖断看法：宋人无款《白莲社图》卷”。详细情况在张珩师长教员的《木雁斋字画鉴赏笔记·卷四》（上海字画出版社2015年5月版）中有记：“宋人《莲社图》，白宋纸本，十三接，高 公分，总长八四九。 公分。水墨画。此图《秘殿珠林续编》著录，认为李公麟作，近时分歧认为非伯时手，已无异辞。而徐邦达、杨仁恺据张激跋定为即出投子手笔，余亦未敢赞成。然此卷树石、人物画法，虽未是第一流，作手要非反响，其为北宋末或南宋初人所作，固无疑义，不用定指为谁也。按：《白莲社图》旧本有谢灵运张蓋入山及陶潜篮舆携酒二段，此卷无之。以卷前纸特短，且画意未全，当已佚掉，非故欲存十六贤耳。”厥后还记有关于对张激题跋不合：“跋纸二，宋黄纸本，高同，长 公分。张激跋二则皆隶书，赵跋行书。此跋今为重要不合之点。谢稚柳认为张赵二跋系从他卷移来，与此卷无涉。徐邦达、杨仁恺认为此卷即张激所作。余据范惇记语，认为跋固与卷无涉，乃范氏录入者。今并记诸说俟考。”由此得知，当时，徐邦达师长教员和杨仁恺师长教员曾据张激题跋提出过“张激所作”的看法，但张珩师长教员和谢稚柳师长教员认为此跋是从他卷移来的，与此卷有关，也弗成能是张激作的。尔后，再也没有见过徐师长教员和杨师长教员有关张激所作的阐述。
《白莲社图》中段
我自己随杨师长教员参加全国现代字画剖断组任务多年，从没听杨师长教员说过如许的不雅点，特别是1988年7月全国现代字画剖断组再次来辽博剖断此卷时，杨师长教员和当时在场的谢稚柳师长教员、刘九庵师长教员、傅熹年师长教员一路都认同是北宋末南宋初年佚名画作。倒是对题跋提出疑问较多，杨师长教员对范惇潦草补题部分有疑问，傅师长教员认为范惇的跋是抄写的，赵德麟题跋中有剥去的字，此跋要进一步研究。在前次全国剖断的基本上，各位老师长教员一同对此卷做了进一步的商量，本着为今后研究留缺乏地的准绳，大年夜家分歧赞成定在北宋末期为妥，图名保持旧藏的惯例，以避免紊乱。
《白莲社图》部分
《白莲社图》部分
不想，在尔后不太长的时间里，紊乱照样产生了。缘起旅美学者何惠鉴师长教员于1987年9月在《上海博物馆集刊》第四期发表的《澹岩居士张澂考略并论<摹周文矩宫中图卷>跋后之“军司马印”及其伪印》一文，何师长教员文中推想张澂大年夜概在1100年后至1106年做监察御史时，能够跟随其舅父李公麟六年，遭到了字画的熏陶。又因辽宁省博物馆藏《白莲社图》卷中的题跋，顺带推想张澂能够还有一个兄弟张激，也从舅父游，然则，明白解释：“皆以别无左证，聊存此以备一说。”因而，有非字画研究者借题发挥，将何师长教员研究张澂过程当中的一个假定，用来作为肯定张激就是《白莲社图》卷作者的证据，在依然没有其他“左证”情况下，将张激与张澂直接拉为兄弟，又引卷中张激题跋能够惹起的歧义，就直接给此宋无款《白莲社图》卷按上了张激的作者名字，编入馆内职工个人编写的《辽宁省博物藏字画著录·绘画卷》中。因而，这个说法就传开了，愈演愈烈！
《白莲社图》卷后的题跋
全国字画剖断组的杨仁恺师长教员与谢稚柳等在剖断古字画
综上所述，经过前后两次全国字画剖断组的剖断，在各位前辈剖断家充分论证的基本之上，此《白莲社图》卷曾经确认为北宋末期的无款画作，其论证过程和结论在张珩《木雁斋字画鉴赏笔记·卷四》和全国现代字画剖断组编《中国现代字画剖断图目·十五卷》（文物出版社1996年2月版）曾经记录的非常明白。即使无惧威望，也请移尊大年夜驾，去展厅实查一下，那拼接、涂改、前后作晃证据就摆在那边，再请将“张激”的隶书，与前面“他舅”隶书比较一下，那能是一个家学传承吗？此前的“李公麟”曾经让相干字画的递藏与研究很没法了，此宋无款《白莲社图》卷真不克不及再归到“张激”的名下了！به گزارش اسپوتنیک به نقل از نشریه BMJ Open Gastroenterology، پزشکان در یک مرد آمریکایی 46 ساله "سندرم تخمیر آبجو" را یافتند، این سندرم یک بیماری نادر پزشکی است که در آن مقادیر مسموم کننده اتانول از طریق تخمیر درون بدن و در دستگاه گوارش تولید می شوند.
در سال 2011، این مرد دچار شکستی دست شد و برای وی یک دوره آنتی بیوتیک تجویز شد. پس از پایان درمان، او تغییراتی در وضعیت خود مشاهده کرد از جمله افت حافظه، افسردگی، شیوع پرخاشگری. روانپزشک داروهای ضد افسردگی را برای وی تجویز
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ویروس حداقل در بازه زمانی کوتاه غیرممکن است.
رئیس ستاد مقابله با کرونا در کلانشهر تهران ضمن ابراز نگرانی از جهش هایی که ممکن است در ساختار ویروس کرونا رخ دهد، توضیح داد: مطالعات بین المللی گواه این مطلب است که در ساختار ویروس تغییر شگرفی رخ نداده و تغییرات کوچکی صرفا در میزان سرایت پذیری ایجاد شده است.
وی تغییرات محیطی، رطوبت و گرما را در کرونا بی تأثیر دانست و بقاء طولانی تر این ویروس را در محیط های اجتماعی و پرتردد و سطوح مختلف یادآور شد.
زالی در بخش دیگری از این نشست با اشاره به جمعیت استان تهران، توضیح داد: طبق آخرین آمار جمعیت استان تهران قریب به 14 میلیون و هشتصد هزار نفر است و این در حالی است که چگالی بالا و تراکم جمعیت تهران را از سایر استان ها متمایز می کند.
رئیس ستاد مقابله با کرونا در کلانشهر تهران اضافه کرد: به طور مثال در منطقه بهارستان تهران که در جنوب شرقی تهران واقع شده تراکم جمعیتی بسیار زیادی را شاهد هستیم که این موضوع می تواند حوزه بهداشت و درمان را با چالش های جدی روبرو کند.
وی گذار شهر نشینی شتابزده و سکونت های غیر رسمی را یکی دیگر از چالش های مربوط به استان تهران ذکر کرد و گفت: مجموعه ای از این فاکتور ها کنترل کرونا را در کلانشهر تهران با مسائل جدی روبرو کرده است.
زالی با بیان اینکه بالاترین آمار از حاشیه نشینی مربوط به استان تهران است، تاکید کرد: حاشیه نشینی شرایط اقتصادی، بهداشتی و فرسودگی زیر ساخت ها را دستخوش تغییراتی می کند که در پاندمی کرونا بیش از پیش چهره خود را به نمایش گذاشت.
رئیس ستاد مقابله با کرونا در کلانشهر تهران با اشاره به جمعیت شناور در استان تهران، اضافه کرد: روزانه جمعیتی بالغ بر یک میلیون نفر، معادل جمعیت یک استان از استان های مجاور نظیر البرز و ساوه وارد تهران و در پایان روز از شهر خارج می شوند، این جمعیت می تواند بار بیماری را به میزان قابل توجهی به سیستم بهداشت و درمان وارد کند.
وی تردد 400 هزار خودرو از استان البرز به تهران را پدیده پیچیده و مشخصه تهران دانست.
زالی با تاکید بر اینکه در بروز و شیوع اپیدمی ها نقاط کور می تواند بسیار خطر آفرین باشد، گفت: حدود 40 درصد از اتباع سایر کشور ها که در ایران هستند، در تهران سکونت دارند و آمار نشان می دهد که 50 درصد از این اتباع به صورت غیرقانونی و فاقد گواهینامه در تهران سکونت دارند که در صورت ابتلا به بیماری به دلیل شرایط خاص اقامت تمایلی به مراجعه به مراکز درمانی ندارند.
رئیس ستاد مقابله با کرونا در کلانشهر تهران پدیده زباله گردی، بچه ها کار، معتادان متجاهر را از دیگر مؤلفه های خطر آفرین انتشار کرونا در تهران ذکر کرد و تعامل و مشارکت بیشتر بخش های مختلف مدیریتی و استفاده از ظرفیت های دستگاه های مختلف را با هدف کنترل کووید-19 خواستار شد.
وی از در اختیار داشتن 12 هزار تخت درمانی دانشگاهی در تهران خبر داد و تاکید کرد: مراقبت های درمانی در بیمارستان های دانشگاهی در بالاترین سطح به بیماران ارائه می شود و حدود 85 درصد بیماران مبتلا به کرونا در این بیمارستان ها درمان می شوند.
زالی در ادامه به برخی از پروژه های در حال اتمام و یا آماده بهره برداری افزایش تخت های بیمارستانی اشاره کرد و گفت: پروژه بیمارستان های شهدای تجریش، امام خمینی (ره)، فیروزآبادی، شهر قدس تا ابتدای پاییز وارد مدار ارائه خدمات درمانی و بهداشتی خواهد شد که خوشبختانه بیشتر تخت های درمانی این بیمارستان ها متعلق به دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی است.
رئیس ستاد مقابله با کرونا در کلانشهر تهران با بیان اینکه در تهران تا به امروز برای درمان مبتلایان به کرونا با کمبود تخت های بیمارستانی روبرو نبوده ایم، گفت: باید با نگاه آینده نگارانه و افزایش ظرفیت های بیمارستانی زیر ساخت ها را برای فصول سرد سال مدیریت و تقویت کنیم.
وی گفت: راهبرد اصلی مدیریت حوزه بهداشت و درمان کشور بالا بردن ظرفیت بخش های درمانی است.
زالی با اشاره به اهمیت غربالگری و فعالیت 90 مرکز جامع سلامت 16 و 24 ساعته، گفت: ضرورت پیروی از سیاست ها و راهبرد های سازمان بهداشت دنیای را خواستار شد؛ ضمن اینکه تاکید کرد باید بیش از گذشته ضمن ارتباط و اتصال بیشتر با سازمان بهداشت دنیای از الگو ها و توصیه های این سازمان بهره مند شویم.
رئیس ستاد مقابله با کرونا در کلانشهر تهران شکل گیری و شناسایی نقاط خطر آفرین و آلوده به کرونا را یکی دیگر از اقدامات ستاد مقابله با کرونا ذکر کرد و به روز رسانی این اطلاعات را ضروری دانست.
وی با اشاره به ایجاد کمیته اپیدمیولوژیک در ستاد مقابله با کرونا، گفت: این ستاد با نگاهی آکادمیک عدد مولد پایه مبتلایان را به صورت مس
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e nintedanib nel ridurre le cicatrici tissutali nei modelli preclinici di IPF. Una collaborazione della National Jewish Health, della Mount Sinai Ichan School of Medicine, della Yale School of Medicine e di AstraZeneca, ha identificato il trattamento della terapia orale basato su un nuovo approccio computazionale che ha analizzato diversi farmaci sviluppati per altre malattie. Nella valutazione di 32 terapie separate, già sviluppate per altre condizioni, i ricercatori hanno identificato saracatinib come il miglior candidato. Hanno scoperto che il farmaco riduceva la risposta fibrotica nelle cellule ottenute dal tessuto polmonare normale e dal tessuto polmonare IPF. Inoltre, hanno scoperto che saracatinib riduceva il collagene e altre misure di cicatrizzazione polmonari tanto quanto o più di nintedanib e pirfenidone.
A seguito dei risultati è stato avviato uno studio di fase 1/2, chiamato STOP-IPF, che sta testando saracatinib contro un placebo negli adulti con IPF. Il processo dovrebbe essere completato in un anno.
- A cura del Dr. Gianfrancesco Cormaci, PhD, specialista in Biochimica Clinica.
Consigliati in questo sito
Pubblicazioni scientifiche
Ahangari F et al. Amer J Resp Crit Care Med 2022 Aug 23.
Seeliger B et al. Front Pharmacol. 2022 Aug; 13:837680.
Fournier D et al. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2022; 76:102149.
Dott. Gianfrancesco Cormaci
Ultimi post di Dott. Gianfrancesco Cormaci (vedi tutti)
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- Batteri che migrano dall’intestino ai polmoni: colpa della sempre crescente resistenza agli antibiotici? - Novembre 24, 202213 Aprile 2012 – L’ australiano della Red Bull ha concluso la prima giornata di Prove Libere sul circuito di Shanghai ottenendo il sesto tempo nelle PL1 ed il quarto nella sessione successiva. Mattinata anche di test per il team austriaco che ha provato entrambe le proprie soluzioni di scarico adottate sino ad ora nel 2012.
La prima giornata di Prove Libere sul circuito di Shanghai per la Red Bull Renault é stata un’ ottima occasione per testare le soluzioni degli scarichi, con Vettel che ha montato quelli visti nei test pre stagione, mentre Webber ha continuato con quelli adottati dal team austriaco durante l’inizio di campionato. E’ ancora presto per trarre delle conclusioni, ma senza dubbio la squadra campione in carica avrà molti dati importanti su cui lavorare.
“ci sono delle differenze e dei cambiamenti sul modo in cui la vettura lavora nelle diverse parti del giro” ha dichiarato Webber ad Autosport.com, riferendosi alle diverse soluzioni di scarico adottate stamani da lui e Vettel “…quindi abbiamo bisogno di valutare i dati stasera.”
Il veterano della Red Bull é convinto che il team stia andando sempre di più nella giusta direzione, domani in qualifica un primo banco di prova importante.Thomas Woodrow Wilson served as the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921. Wilson was a leading force in the Progressive Movement, using his presidency to pass a series of reforms, including the Federal Reserve Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act.
Wilson was born on December 28, 1856 in Staunton, Virginia. He graduated from Princeton University undergrad and received a Ph.D. in political science from Johns Hopkins University. After earning these degrees, Wilson embarked on an academic career. He taught at Cornell University, Bryn Mawr College, and Wesleyan University before being elected as President of Princeton in 1902. In 1910, he was elected the Governor of New Jersey, serving until he was elected President of the United States in 1912.
In the presidential election of 1912, Wilson campaigned on a platform of “New Freedom,” which emphasized individualism and states’ rights. Once in office, Wilson signed a flurry of reform bills. The Underwood Act lowered tariffs, while the Revenue Act established the country’s first federal income tax. The Federal Reserve Act created a decentralized central bank and provided the country with a much-needed elastic money supply. To crack down on unfair and anti-competitive business practices, he bolstered the nation’s antitrust laws and established a Federal Trade Commission. Under Wilson, Congress also passed a number of labor laws intended to protect workers, including laws regulating child labor and restricting railroad workers to an eight-hour day
World War I
Wilson’s second term was dominated by World War I. On April 2, 1917, he reluctantly asked Congress to declare war on Germany in order to make “the world safe for democracy.” To support the war effort, Wilson signed the Selective Service Act, which reestablished a national draft.
The United States’ involvement in World War I sparked protests. In response, Wilson proposed the Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act of 1918, which were intended to suppress criticism of the war effort. At the same time, Wilson supported the women’s suffrage movement and endorsed the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, which gave women the right to vote.
In January 1918, Wilson went before Congress to outline the country’s goals for peace. Known as the Fourteen Points, one of Wilson’s aims was to create “a general association of nations…affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.” The proposal formed the foundation for the League of Nations.
After the Germans surrendered in November 1918, Wilson traveled to Europe to help secure a lasting peace. One year later, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts. Nonetheless, the Treaty of Versailles, which included the Covenant of the League of Nations, was not universally accepted, particularly at home, where Republicans were staunchly opposed.
In 1919, Wilson collapsed under the strain of a U.S. public speaking tour to rally support for ratification of the treaty, suffered a series of strokes, and never fully recovered. While those close to Wilson shielded the extent of his incapacity from the public, questions about his fitness to lead the country later prompted the adoption of the 25th Amendment.
Wilson died at his home on February 3, 1924 of a stroke and additional heart-related problems.At first glance, Anh Vu Sawyer wouldn't appear to be someone at high risk for heart disease or stroke.
But she'd be the first to say looks can be deceiving.
"I have a very low body mass index, but I was surprised to learn that I'm already prediabetic and did have high blood pressure," said Sawyer, executive director of the Southeast Asian Coalition of Central Massachusetts in Worcester.
That combination of healthy weight and serious underlying risk factors for heart disease and stroke is not so uncommon, particularly among some Asian populations.
That's what drives Sawyer to help people understand and improve their nutrition. It's one of the many services the coalition provides annually to around 10,000 Southeast Asian immigrants, refugees and long-term residents.
It's estimated that more than half of Asians who have diabetes go undiagnosed because they develop the disease at a lower body mass index than white people.
The problem stems from the way many people of Asian descent distribute fat, often storing more around the waist than on the limbs. This can be associated with Type 2 diabetes. The diabetes risk for Asians comes with a BMI of 23, as opposed to 25 for others, according to the American Diabetes Association.
"Even thin Asian teenagers can have diabetes and high cholesterol levels," Sawyer said.
Sawyer's own prediabetes diagnosis eight years ago was a reminder to eat healthier – and to help her clients. She has found several ways to do that, including a healthy eating group and an urban gardening project. She plans to open a commercial kitchen using, in part, fresh produce from the garden.
Sawyer was 20 when she fled Vietnam to the United States with her family during the fall of Saigon in 1975, so she can relate to newcomers getting used to Western diets.
"Food can be a difficult thing," she said. "We miss our food from home. We used so many fresh vegetables and herbs, many that you can't get here."
But the issue is complicated by feelings of wanting to fit in, said Sawyer, author of Song of Saigon, a book about her life in Vietnam and her assimilation in the United States.
"American food was considered the best because Americans were considered healthy and wealthy," she said. "So we served our families processed food out of love because that's what rich (people) give their families."
In 2017, Sawyer started an urban garden to grow produce, to give elders food they could sell or cook and to brighten downtown Worcester.
"What I hadn't realized was how much the garden would help people mentally," she said. "Being an immigrant can be very isolating, stressful and depressing, and this gave them something enjoyable to do with other people."
Gardeners started with a small downtown space, growing greens, bitter melon, squash and seeds for herbs grown in elders' home countries. Last summer a second, larger plot started growing hot peppers, tomatoes, cabbage and more.
A dozen adults and a dozen students gardened together on the second project and earned money from produce they didn't keep for themselves. They sold 500 pounds of herbs and greens to a local Asian market.
"Lots of good things came out of this program," Sawyer said. "We were able to strengthen bonds between our youth and our elders."
One of the gardeners is Son Ho, a 68-year-old Vietnamese widow (her husband was killed in the Vietnam War) who arrived in Worcester six years ago. She was sponsored by her son, who runs a Vietnamese restaurant in a neighboring city.
"I love planting, like I did at home, and I was happy to be able to eat my own herbs," Ho said through an interpreter. "But also it made me feel peaceful to come and work with other people in the garden. People who speak my language."
Ho said she is enjoying a higher standard of living in the U.S., but still misses Vietnam. She wants to set up shop herself, making Vietnamese breakfasts and lunches to go.
"That's why I'm pushing so hard for our kitchen," Sawyer said. "People like Son have so many incredible cooking skills they want to put to use."
Sawyer would like to set up takeout menus at the center and perhaps do catering and give cooking lessons.
"The food the elders cook is just amazing," she said.
Although, frequent meals from them does force Sawyer to be mindful of her diet.
"I have to stay off the noodles," she laughed. "Once a week, that's it."
If you have questions or comments about this story, please email [email protected].Chapter 1: A Preliminary Discourse
Paul defends himself before King Agrippa in Acts 26, pointing out three things: the way his life was before his conversion, the way he was converted and the how he lived after his conversion. Says Watson, “When Paul, this ‘vessel of election’, was savingly wrought upon, he laboured to do as much good as previously he had done hurt. He had persecuted saints to death before, now he preached sinners to life.”
Watson speaks also of which comes first, the chicken or the egg repentance or faith. “Doubtless repentance shows itself first in a Christian’s life. Yet I am apt to think that the seeds of faith are first wrought in the heart.” He then compares the light of a candle, when entering a room from a hallway…you see the light from the flame before the candle gets there, but the light emanates from the candle’s burning wick.سرپرست امور بین الملل وزارت ورزش و جوانان به تشریح تحقق حضور دکتر سید حمید سجادی از قطر.
به گزارش خبرگزاری سی وی نت؛ محمدحسن تقی زاده در خصوص سفر وزیر ورزش و جوانان به قطر گفت: از ورزشگاه ها و ورزشگاه های قطر بازدید کنید.
وی با اشاره به دیدار وزیر ورزش و جوانان جمهوری اسلامی ایران با وزیر ورزش و جوانان قطر افزود:
همچنین در نشست ویژه کارکنان ورزش و جوانان قطر و امور بینالملل وزارت ورزش و جوانان ایران، مقرر شد که نمایندگان حرفهای قطر به زودی سندی را با حضور وزیر در بازیهای با جوانان قطری آماده کنند. و این طرح را اجرا کنید، به ایران بروید.
تقی زاده با اشاره به دکتر سیدحمید سجادی، ملی پوش بسکتبال ایران گفت: این همایش مایه قوت جوانان کشور است. در بخشی از این بازی با توجه به درخواست بازیکنان برای این ارد
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赶明儿
;就一贯不美观不美观不雅察看着她”“
我刚刚询问过了کرونا، موتور محرکه استارتاپ های افریقایی
به گزارش مجله هاستفا، پاندمی کرونا عملاً یک شوک اقتصادی بزرگ برای دنیا بود و علاوه بر نظام سلامت، اقتصاد و زندگی روزمره مردم دنیا را تحت تأثیر قرار داد. یکی از بخش هایی که اهمیت آن در دوران شیوع کووید19 بیش از قبل تعیین شد، اکوسیستم های استارتاپی بودند که این موضوع در آفریقا به طور ویژه مورد توجه قرار گرفت.
همزمان با ضربه شدید کووید19 به اقتصاد آفریقا، کارآفرینان جوان این قاره تصمیم گرفتند این تهدید را به فرصت تبدیل کنند و استارتاپ ها راهکار های خلاقانه ای برای مقابله با چالش های ناشی از این پاندمی ارائه دادند. فرایند روبه رشد این اکوسیستم، سرمایه گذاران را به این قاره علاقه مند کرد و به این ترتیب تعداد استارتاپ های پیروز این قاره در جذب سرمایه، حدود 6 برابر میانگین جهانی این شاخص، رشد داشته و در این میان، نیجریه گوی سبقت را از سایر کشورهای آفریقایی ربوده است.
سرزمین فرصت ها
گروه مشاوره بوستون (BCG) در گزارش اخیر خود میزان بلوغ استارتاپ های آفریقایی را بررسی کرده است. محققان این گزارش معتقدند آفریقا به دلیل جمعیت جوان و همچنین فرایند رو به رشد جمعیت این قاره، افزایش نفوذ اینترنت و همچنین علاقه فراوان به استفاده از فناوری های نوظهور برای بهبود دسترسی به خدمات بهداشتی، خدمات اقتصادی، آموزش و انرژی، یک محیط مناسب برای کارآفرینان حوزه فناوری محسوب می گردد. این قاره با بیش از 1.2میلیارد جمعیت ساکن در 54 کشور که با 1500 تا 2 هزار زبان مختلف صحبت می کنند، قاره ای مجذوب کننده محسوب می گردد و برخی آن را سرزمین فرصت ها می دانند. از این رو بسکمک از سرمایه گذاران می خواهند از اکوسیستم های استارتاپی آن بهره بگیرند. هرچند بسکمک از سرمایه ها از امریکا و اروپا به استارتاپ های این قاره سرازیر شده اما همچنان سرمایه گذاری های بومی در این قاره در رده نخست واقع شده است و گفته می گردد 43درصد از سرمایه گذاری ها از درون این قاره صورت گرفته است.
در این مطالعه، BCG دریافت تعداد استارتاپ های آفریقایی که این گام را با پیروزیت برداشته و در بازه زمانی 2015 تا 2020 پیروز به جذب سرمایه شده اند، رشد قابل توجهی داشته است. گفته می گردد سرعت رشد تعداد شرکت های نوپای فناوری آفریقایی که از حمایت اقتصادی سرمایه گذار برخوردار شده اند، تقریباً 6 برابر میانگین جهانی بوده است.
در بازه زمانی 2015 تا 2020 تعداد استارتاپ هایی که پیروز به جذب سرمایه شده اند، 359 عدد بوده است در حالی که این رقم درسال 2015 تنها 55 عدد بود. این آمار نشان می دهد درحالی که میانگین جهانی رشد این شاخص 8 درصد بوده و آفریقا رشد 48 درصدی داشته، بنابراین سرمایه گذاری در استارتاپ های آفریقایی، سرعتی حدود 6 برابر جهان داشته است. گفتنی است استارتاپ های آفریقایی در سال 2020 پیروز به جذب سرمایه 1.31میلیارد دلاری شدند که نشان از رشد سالانه 29 درصدی نسبت به سال 2019 دارد.AfricArena دیگر مؤسسه فعال در زمینه استارتاپ ها هم پیش بینی کرده است که سرمایه گذاری در قاره آفریقا در سال 2021 رقمی معادل 2.25تا 2.8میلیارد دلار خواهد بود که این، یک رکورد به تعداد می رود.
گفتنی است نیجریه، کنیا، مصر و آفریقای جنوبی 4 مقصد بزرگ سرمایه گذاری استارتاپی در آفریقا به تعداد می فرایند و رواندا، غنا، اوگاندا، سنگال، مراکش و کامرون هم در رده های بعدی قرار گرفته اند. در سال 2020 درمجموع 89.2درصد از استارتاپ های این چهار کشور با سرمایه گذاری های خطرپذیر(VC) تغذیه شدند. البته بازنده هایی هم وجود داشتند و بسکمک از استارتاپ ها اصولاً کار خود را آغاز نکردند یا در همان اوایل راه مجبور شدند عقب نشینی کنند.
موانع سرمایه گذاری در آفریقا
در گزارش BCGعلاوه بر توجه به فرایند
رو به رشد شرکت های نوپا در سراسر قاره، چالش های مداوم و موانع ساختاری متوقف کننده این رشد و همچنین سیاست هایی برای غلبه بر موانع و تسریع در توسعه مراکز نوآوری آفریقا مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.
باید گفت با وجود رشد سرمایه گذاری در استارتاپ های آفریقایی، بسکمک از استارتاپ ها در مراحل بعدی از فعالیت بازمی مانند و متأسفانه پایدار بودن فعالیت استارتاپ ها در این قاره، داستان دیگری است. تا به امروز میزان بازگشت سرمایه استارتاپ ها در آفریقا 2.7درصد بوده درحالی که این رقم در آسیا - اقیانوسیه 11.1درصد، در امریکا 12.1درصد و در اروپا 15.6درصد بوده است. این موضوع ناشی از وجود موانعی است که مؤسسه BCG به این موارد هم پرداخته است.
کل قاره آفریقا تنها دارای 3 استارتاپ یونیکورن (با سرمایه ای بیش از یک میلیارد دلا
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getting a closer understanding of the types of questions that may be asked.
A Internationally, ‘giftedness’ is most frequently determined by a score on a general intelligence test, known as an IQ test, which is above a chosen cutoff point, usually at around the top 2-5%. Children’s educational environment contributes to the IQ score and the way intelligence is used. For example, a very close positive relationship was found when children’s IQ scores were compared with their home educational provision (Freeman, 2010). The higher the children’s IQ scores, especially over IQ 130, the better the quality of their educational backup, measured in terms of reported verbal interactions with parents, number of books and activities in their home etc. Because IQ tests are decidedly influenced by what the child has learned, they are to some extent measures of current achievement based on age-norms; that is, how well the children have learned to manipulate their knowledge and know-how within the terms of the test. The vocabulary aspect, for example, is dependent on having heard those words. But IQ tests can neither identify the processes of learning and thinking nor predict creativity.
B Excellence does not emerge without appropriate help. To reach an exceptionally high standard in any area very able children need the means to learn, which includes material to work with and focused challenging tuition -and the encouragement to follow their dream. There appears to be a qualitative difference in the way the intellectually highly able think, compared with more average-ability or older pupils, for whom external regulation by the teacher often compensates for lack of internal regulation. To be at their most effective in their self-regulation, all children can be helped to identify their own ways of learning – metacognition – which will include strategies of planning, monitoring, evaluation, and choice of what to learn. Emotional awareness is also part of metacognition, so children should be helped to be aware of their feelings around the area to be learned, feelings of curiosity or confidence, for example.
C High achievers have been found to use self-regulatory learning strategies more often and more effectively than lower achievers, and are better able to transfer these strategies to deal with unfamiliar tasks. This happens to such a high degree in some children that they appear to be demonstrating talent in particular areas. Overviewing research on the thinking process of highly able children, (Shore and Kanevsky, 1993) put the instructor’s problem succinctly: ‘If they [the gifted] merely think more quickly, then we need only teach more quickly. If they merely make fewer errors, then we can shorten the practice’. But of course, this is not entirely the case; adjustments have to be made in methods of learning and teaching, to take account of the many ways individuals think.
D Yet in order to learn by themselves, the gifted do need some support from their teachers. Conversely, teachers who have a tendency to ‘overdirect’ can diminish their gifted pupils’ learning autonomy. Although ‘spoon-feeding’ can produce extremely high examination results, these are not always followed by equally impressive life successes. Too much dependence on the teachers risks loss of autonomy and motivation to discover. However, when teachers o pupils to reflect on their own learning and thinking activities, they increase their pupils’ self-regulation. For a young child, it may be just the simple question ‘What have you learned today?’ which helps them to recognise what they are doing. Given that a fundamental goal of education is to transfer the control of learning from teachers to pupils, improving pupils’ learning to learn techniques should be a major outcome of the school experience, especially for the highly competent. There are quite a number of new methods which can help, such as child- initiated learning, ability-peer tutoring, etc. Such practices have been found to be particularly useful for bright children from deprived areas.
E But scientific progress is not all theoretical, knowledge is a so vital to outstanding performance: individuals who know a great deal about a specific domain will achieve at a higher level than those who do not (Elshout, 1995). Research with creative scientists by Simonton (1988) brought him to the conclusion that above a certain high level, characteristics such as independence seemed to contribute more to reaching the highest levels of expertise than intellectual skills, due to the great demands of effort and time needed for learning and practice. Creativity in all forms can be seen as expertise se mixed with a high level of motivation (Weisberg, 1993).
F To sum up, learning is affected by emotions of both the individual and significant others. Positive emotions facilitate the creative aspects of earning and negative emotions inhibit it. Fear, for example, can limit the development of curiosity, which is a strong force in scientific advance, because it motivates problem-solving behaviour. In Boekaerts’ (1991) review of emotion the learning of very high IQ and highly achieving children, she found emotional forces in harness. They were not only curious, but often had a strong desire to control their environment, improve their learning efficiency and increase their own learning resources.
Reading Passage has six paragraphs, A-F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet
You may use any letter more than once.
1._____ a reference to the influence of the domestic background on the gifted child.
(The first paragraph talks about how verbal communication with parents, home activities, and the number of books contribute towards a higher IQ score for children)
2._____ reference to what can be lost if learners are given too much guidance.
(This paragraph mentions how teachers may end up contributing towards the loss of learning autonomy for gifted students)
3._____ a reference to the damaging effects of anxiety.
(This paragraph mentions how fear may restrict the growth of curiosity which is a major driving force for several scientific accomplishments or problem-solving)
4._____ examples of classroom techniques that favor socially-disadvantaged children.
(We can infer from the paragraph that several methods like ability-peer tutoring and child-initiated learning may help gifted children hailing from deprived zones)
Get to know about the latest updates on the IELTS Exam, Eligibility, Preparation Tips, Test procedure, Exam Pattern, Syllabus, Registration Process, Important Exam Dates, and much more!! This guide is a one-stop solution for every IELTS Aspirant who aims to crack the exam with an impressive band score.
Look at the following statements (Questions 5-9) and the list of people below.
Match each statement with the correct person or people, A-E.
Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet.
5._____ Less time can be spent on exercises with gifted pupils who produce accurate work.
Answer: B (You will find this in paragraph C)
6._____ Self-reliance is a valuable tool that helps gifted students reach their goals.
Answer: D (This is available in paragraph E)
7._____ Gifted children know how to channel their feelings to assist their learning.
Answer: E (You will find it in the last paragraph, or Paragraph F)
8._____ The very gifted child benefits from appropriate support from close relatives.
Answer: A (Freeman’s inference can be found in the first paragraph or Paragraph A)
9._____ Really successful students have learned a considerable amount about their subject.
Answer: C (This is contained in paragraph E)
B Shore and Kanevsky
Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet
10. One study found a strong connection between children’s IQ and the availability of 10_____ at home.
Answer: books and activities
(You will find the answer in paragraph A where the passage clearly mentions how books and activities influence higher IQ scores along with verbal interactions with parents and other aspects)
11. Children of average ability seem to need more direction from teachers because they do not have 11_____.
Answer: internal regulation/self-regulation
(This answer is available in paragraph B, where it is clearly mentioned how external regulation by teachers may contribute towards making up for the absence of internal regulation)
12. Meta-cognition involves children understanding their own learning strategies, as well as developing 12_____.
Answer: emotional awareness
(Emotional awareness is highlighted as a part of meta-cognition in paragraph B)
13. Teachers who rely on what is known as 13_____ often produce sets of impressive grades in class tests.
(This is contained in paragraph D, where spoon-feeding by teachers is highlighted, stating that it may lead to good grades in examinations, but not necessarily life successes)
|1. A||8. A|
|2. D||9. C|
|3. F||10. books and activities|
|4. D||11. internal regulation/self-regulation|
|5. B||12. emotional awareness|
|6. D||13. spoon-feeding|
IELTS is required to be taken by international students and workers who wish to study or work in a country where English is the primary language of communication. Know the complete details.IELTS Online Test
CHAT WITH US 1降水工程降水井位置选择
工程施工中多采用的点井、管井、人工井降水方法，布置降水井的井距、井位都会涉及到降水效果、降水时间及基坑边坡安全，因此降水井布置应符合下列要求：
1、 对于条状基坑一般采用单排或双排降水井，布置在基坑外缘一侧或两侧，在基坑端部，降水井外延长度应为基坑宽度的一倍至两倍，选择单排或双排应通过计算确定。
2 、对于面状基坑的降水井，在基坑外缘一圈呈封闭状布置，距边坡上口1～2m，当面状基坑很小时可考虑单个降水井。
3 、对于长、宽度很大、降水深度不同的面状基坑，为确保基坑中心水位降深值满足设计要求或为加快降水速度，可在基坑内增设降水井，并随基坑开挖而逐渐失效。
4、在基坑运土通道出口两侧应增设降水井，其外延长度不少于通道口宽度的一倍
5 、采用辐射井降水时，辐射管长度和分布应能有效地控制基坑范围。
6、在地下水补给方向降水井的布置可以适当加密，排泄方向适当减少。
标签：降水工程,If Scotland became independent, would it automatically remain a member of the European Union (EU) – or would it have to go through the whole accession process for new Member States, either alone or alongside the rest of the UK?Jump to full report >>
If Scotland became independent, would it automatically remain a member of the European Union (EU) – or would it have to go through the whole accession process for new Member States, either alone or alongside the rest of the UK?
This is a major question in the independence debate, and one to which there is no clear answer. There is no precedent for a devolved part of an EU Member State becoming independent and having to determine its membership of the EU as a separate entity, and the question has given rise to widely different views.
There are at least three different possibilities under international law for a newly-independent Scotland: continuation and secession (the rest of the UK would retain its treaty obligations and membership of international organisations, but Scotland would not); separation (both entities would retain them); and dissolution (both would lose them).
Whatever the position under general international law, a decision on Scotland’s status within the European Union is likely to be a political one. If all the EU Member States agreed, then Scotland could continue automatically as a Member State (pending negotiations with the other member states on details of membership, including the number of MEPs to represent Scotland). On the other hand, Member States with their own domestic concerns about separatist movements might argue that Scotland should lose its membership on independence, and hold up or even veto its accession.
EU Member States, with the exception of Denmark and the UK, are expected to join the single currency if and when they meet the criteria. Five of the twelve states joining the EU since 2004 have gone on to join the euro. Whether Scotland joined the euro would have implications for its post-independence monetary policy, and the size of its liability for loans provided to countries facing sovereign debt problems. Finally, Scotland is likely to be a net contributor to the EU Budget (in other words it will pay out more than it receives in structural funding and payments under the Common Agricultural Policy), but the size of this contribution will depend critically on whether it benefits from an abatement (rebate) on the same terms as does the UK currently.
Commons Briefing papers SN06110
Authors: Arabella Lang; Gavin Thompsonİspanyol La Vanguardia gazetesine konuşan Papa, solcuların kullandığı terimlerle kapitalist sisteme yüklendi.
Kapitalizme, “sömürü, açlık ve ekonomik sistemin insanların hizmetinde olmadığı” yönünde eleştiriler getiren Papa, kapitalizmin düzeni devam ettirebilmek için savaş çıkardığını öne sürdü.
Papa, “Emperyalist güçlerin bugüne kadar yapageldikleri gibi, sistemin devamı için savaşlar çıkartılıyor. Günümüzde 3. Dünya Savaşı pek mümkün görünmediği için, bölgesel savaşlar yapılıyor” ifadelerini kullandı.
Küresel ekonomik sistemi "dayanılmaz" olarak nitelendiren Arjantin kökenli 77 yaşındaki Papa, “Hayatımızın merkezine Tanrı'nın yerine parayı oturttuk. Dünyanın önde gelen ekonomileri silah üretimi ve satışı ile bilançolarını düzeltmekle meşgul” eleştirilerini getirdi.
Birçok ülkedeki genç işsiz nüfusa dikkati çeken Papa, işşizliğe çözüm bulmamakla bir neslin kaybedildiğini belirtiyor.
CNN Türkیک کاشی کوچک با تصویری از یک فرشته زیبا احتمالا قدیمی ترین اثر هنری به جا مانده از لئوناردو داوینچی است. کارشناسان معتقدند که داوینچی برای به تصویر کشیدن «جبرئیل» روی این کاشی از چهره خود استفاده کرده است.
اگر اصالت این کاشی تایید شود، این کاشی بیش از ۵ قرن پس از خلق شدن به دست لئوناردو داوینچی ۱۸
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Le strutture utilizzate in ospedale.
• L'esperienza del chirurgo che cura il paziente all'ospedale.
• Tasso di successo della chirurgia del tumore al cervello dell'ospedale. È probabile che i chirurghi esperti caricino di più per l'operazione.
• Posizione dell'Ospedale neurologico in India (rurale o urbano)
4. Quali strutture sono fornite ai pazienti internazionali?
Medmonks garantisce di rendere i pazienti internazionali il più confortevole possibile durante il loro trattamento in India, fornendo loro un traduttore gratuito, 24 * 7 di assistenza telefonica e prendendo accordi dietetici o religiosi per loro durante il loro soggiorno.
5. Gli ospedali forniscono servizi di telemedicina per pazienti internazionali?
La maggior parte degli ospedali per tumori cerebrali in India fornisce servizi di telemedicina per pazienti internazionali. Tuttavia, nel caso in cui l'ospedale selezionato dal paziente non fornisca questi servizi, lo organizzeremo per i pazienti.
6. Cosa succede se a un paziente non piace l'ospedale scelto da loro? Medonks aiuterà il paziente a passare a un altro ospedale?
Nel caso in cui il paziente si senta insoddisfatto della propria scelta o cambi idea e desideri ottenere il trattamento da un altro ospedale, può contattare Medmonks per passare a un altro ospedale. Ci assicureremo che la qualità del trattamento del paziente non sia compresa a causa di questo passaggio.
7. Qual è il costo delle diverse procedure pediatriche in India?
Chirurgia del cervello una procedura molto complicata che richiede la presenza di più specialisti in sala operatoria che possono contribuire al costo pesante della procedura.
Costo della chirurgia del cervello in India - $ 6500
Costo della chemioterapia in India - $ 6000 (per i mesi 3)
Costo della radioterapia in India - $ 6000 (per i mesi 3)
Ecco un elenco dei costi stimati dei diversi interventi chirurgici per i tumori cerebrali in India per dare un'idea approssimativa ai pazienti:
Biopsia - $ 4000
Craniotomia - $ 5500
Ablazione laser guidata con risonanza magnetica - $ 5200
Endoscopia endonasale - $ 6500
Neuroendoscopia - $ 6500
Radioterapia intraoperatoria (10RT) - $ 3500
Brachiterapia HDR - $ 3000
Awake Craniotomies - $ 8000
8. Dove possono trovare i pazienti i migliori ospedali per tumori cerebrali in India?
Alcuni dei migliori centri per il trattamento dei tumori cerebrali in India si trovano in città metropolitane come Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi, ecc. Un altro vantaggio del trattamento da una città metropolitana è che i pazienti saranno in grado di accedere a tutte le strutture che li aiuteranno ad adattarsi il posto straniero
9. Perché scegliere Medonks?
Medmonks è una società di gestione dei pazienti che si impegna ad aiutare i pazienti di tutto il mondo a ricevere cure di qualità a un prezzo accessibile. Abbiamo progettato la nostra cooperazione in un modo che ci permette di fare tutto il lavoro di base per i pazienti, in modo che possano sperimentare un volo rilassato e iniziare il loro trattamento immediatamente dopo lo sbarco in India, senza alcun problema. Camminiamo con i pazienti come loro assistente, guidandoli nella direzione del loro migliore interesse.
Motivi per sceglierci:
Una rete di medici certificati e esperti sanitari
Pre-Arrivo - Consultazione online | Raccomandazione del medico | Suggerimenti per il trattamento | Assistenza visti | Prenotazioni di volo
All'arrivo - Pickup all'aeroporto | Accordi hotel | Appuntamento medico | Accordi religiosi | Facilitazione dietetica | Sconti per la cabina | Traduttore gratuito
Post Departure - Prescrizioni online Consegna della medicina | Follow-up (chat online gratuita (mesi 6) o consultazione video (2))3. ZESPİRA NASIL KULLANILIR?
Uygun kullanım ve doz/uygulama sıklığı için talimatlar:
Astımlı çocuklar (2-5 yaş arası):
- ZESPİRA çocuklara ebeveyn gözetiminde verilmelidir. İlacı çiğneme tableti olarak alma problemi yaşayan çocuklar için oral granül formu bulunmaktadır. ZESPİRA 4 mg çiğneme tabletini çocuğunuza günde bir kez akşamları verin (bkz. Uygulama yolu ve metodu).
- ZESPİRA'yı astım belirtileri yaşamasa bile, doktorunuz size reçetelediği sürece her gün çocuğunuza vermelisiniz.
- Astım belirtileri kötüleşirse veya astım atakları için alınan kurtarıcı inhale ilacı çocuğunuz için daha fazla kullanmanız gerekirse derhal doktorunuzu arayınız.
- ZESPİRA'yı bir astım atağında kısa süreli iyileşme sağlamak için kullanmayın. Çocuğunuz astım atağı yaşadığında doktorunuzun astım ataklarının tedavisi için size söylediklerini yapmanız gerekir.
- Astım atakları için çocuğunuzun kurtarıcı inhale ilacınızı her zaman yanınızda bulundurunuz.
Doktorunuz size söylemedikçe diğer astım ilaçlarını çocuğunuza vermeyi bırakmayınız veya dozunuzu azaltmayınız.
Mevsimsel alerjik rinitli çocuklarda ve pereniyal alerjik rinitli çocuklarda (2-5 yaş arası):
- ZESPİRA'yı çocuğunuza her gün aynı saatte bir kez veriniz.
- ZESPİRA'yı doktorunuz reçetelediği sürece günde bir kez çocuğunuza vermelisiniz.
Uygulama yolu ve metodu:
- ZESPİRA sadece ağız yoluyla alınır.
- ZESPİRA yemekle birlikte alınmamalıdır, yiyeceklerden en az 1 saat önce veya 2 saat sonra alınmalıdır. Tabletler yutmadan önce çiğnenmelidir.
Eğer çocuğunuz veya siz ZESPİRA kullanıyorsanız, çocuğunuzun veya sizin montelukast etkin maddesi içeren başka bir ilaç almadığınızdan emin olunuz.
Çocuklarda kullanım
12 aylık - 5 yaş arası çocuklar için ZESPİRA 4 mg pediyatrik oral granül içeren saşe,
2-5 yaş arası çocuklar için ZESPİRA 4 mg çiğneme tableti,
6-14 yaş arası çocuklar için ZESPİRA 5 mg çiğneme tableti kullanılabilir.
Yaşlılarda kullanım
Yaşa bağlı olarak özel doz ayarlaması gerekmemektedir.
Özel kullanım durumları:
Böbrek/ Karaciğer yetmezliği:
Böbrek yetmezliği olan hastalarda doz ayarlaması yapmaya gerek yoktur. Hafif-orta derecede karaciğer yetmezliği olan hastalarda doz ayarlaması gerekmez. Ciddi karaciğer yetmezliği olan hastalara ilişkin veri yoktur.
Eğer ZESPİRA'nın etkisinin çok güçlü veya zayıf olduğuna dair bir izleniminiz var ise doktorunuz veya eczacınız ile konuşunuz.
Kullanmanız gerekenden daha fazla ZESPİRA kullandıysanız:
Doz aşımı raporlarının çoğunda hiçbir yan etki bildirilmemiştir. Yetişkinlerde ve çocuklarda doz aşımıyla birlikte en sık bildirilen semptomlar karında ağrı, uyku hali, susama, baş ağrısı, kusma ve aşırı hareketliliktir.
ZESPİRA'dan kullanmanız gerekenden fazlasını kullanmışsanız bir doktor veya eczacı ile konuşunuz.
ZESPİRA'yı kullanmayı unutursanız:
İlacınızı tavsiye edilen şekilde almaya çalışınız.
İlacı bir doz almayı unuttuğunuzda, bu dozu almayınız ve daha sonra normal kullanıma devam ediniz.
Unutulan dozları dengelemek için çift doz almayınız.
ZESPİRA ile tedavi sonlandırıldığında oluşabilecek etkiler
Eğer çocuğunuz ZESPİRA almaya devam ederse, ilaç sadece çocuğunuzun astımını tedavi edebilir.
ZESPİRA'yı doktorunuzun reçetelediği süre boyunca almanız önemlidir. ZESPİRA astımınızı kontrol etmeye yardımcı olacaktır.
Bu ürünün kullanımı ile ilgili herhangi bir ilave sorunuz olursa, doktorunuza veya eczacınıza danışınız.56 relazioni: Aeroporto di Belgrado-Nikola Tesla, Aeroporto di Manchester, Aeroporto di Monaco-Riem, Airspeed Ambassador, Albert Scanlon, Allenatore, Assistente di volo, Aviation Safety Network, Berkshire, Bert Whalley, Bill Foulkes, Bobby Charlton, British European Airways, Busby Babes, Coppa dei Campioni 1956-1957, Coppa dei Campioni 1957-1958, Daily Express, Daily Mail, Daily Mirror, David Pegg, Dennis Viollet, Duncan Edwards, Eddie Colman, English Football League, Frank Swift, Fudbalski klub Crvena zvezda, Geoff Bent, Germania Ovest, Harry Gregg, Infarto miocardico acuto, Jackie Blanchflower, Jimmy Murphy, Johnny Berry, Liam Whelan, Lista di incidenti aerei con vittime sportive, Manchester United Football Club, Mark Jones (calciatore 1933), Matt Busby, Monaco di Baviera, Nazionale di calcio dell'Inghilterra, News of the World (periodico), Nodo (unità di misura), Passaporto, Pellicola per negativi, Qualificazioni al campionato mondiale di calcio 1958, Real Madrid Club de Fútbol, Repubblica Socialista Federale di Jugoslavia, Roger Byrne, Squadra di calcio, The Guardian, ..., Tommy Taylor, UEFA Champions League, Velivolo, Walter Crickmer, William Cecil, I barone Burghley, 1958. Espandi índice (6 più) » « Restringersi indice
L'Aeroporto di Belgrado-Nikola Tesla (in lingua serba Аеродром Београд "Никола Тесла" o Aerodrom Beograd "Nikola Tesla"), anche conosciuto come Belgrado-Surčin, dal nome della municipalità di Belgrado in cui è localizzato, è l'aeroporto principale e più utilizzato della Serbia.
L'Aeroporto di Manchester è il principale aeroporto della città di Manchester, UK.
L'Aeroporto di Monaco-Riem era un aeroporto internazionale tedesco situato a Monaco di Baviera, nel distretto di Trudering-Riem.
L'Airspeed AS.57 Ambassador era un aereo di linea bimotore a pistoni e ad ala alta, realizzato nel 1947 dalla britannica Airspeed Ltd e prodotto in un numero limitato di esemplari negli anni cinquanta.
Sopravvisse al disastro aereo di Monaco di Baviera.
L'allenatore è la figura sportiva che si occupa della preparazione degli atleti.
L'assistente di volo, o membro dell'equipaggio di cabina (conosciuto anche come steward nel caso sia di sesso maschile o hostess se è una donna), è definito dal Codice della navigazione "personale addetto ai servizi complementari di bordo".
Aviation Safety Network (sigla ASN), è un sito web che raccoglie informazioni riguardo agli incidenti aerei in tutto il mondo.
Il Berkshire (pronuncia o, detta anche Royal County of Berkshire per la presenza nel suo territorio della residenza reale di Windsor, e abbreviato Berks) è una contea dell'Inghilterra sud-orientale.
Giocò per il Manchester United tra il 1935 e il 1946, per poi assistere il manager Matt Busby alla guida della stessa società fino al
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