weijiezz/scienceqa_img_split_test · Datasets at Hugging Face

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Which property do these three objects have in common?	[ "translucent", "opaque", "fragile" ]	1	Select the best answer.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of objects	An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.	Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. None of the objects are translucent. A fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. None of the objects are fragile. An opaque object does not let light through. All three objects are opaque. The property that all three objects have in common is opaque.
Which of the following organisms is the primary consumer in this food web?	[ "Arctic fox", "rough-legged hawk", "mushroom" ]	0	Below is a food web from a tundra ecosystem in Nunavut, a territory in Northern Canada. A food web models how the matter eaten by organisms moves through an ecosystem. The arrows in a food web represent how matter moves between organisms in an ecosystem.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	biology	Ecological interactions	Interpret food webs I	A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating. An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web. An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.	Primary consumers eat producers. So, in a food web, primary consumers have arrows pointing to them from producers. The mushroom has arrows pointing to it from the barren-ground caribou and the grizzly bear. Neither the barren-ground caribou nor the grizzly bear is a producer, so the earthworm is not a primary consumer. The Arctic fox has an arrow pointing to it from the bilberry. The bilberry is a producer, so the Arctic fox is a primary consumer. The barren-ground caribou has an arrow pointing to it from the lichen. The lichen is a producer, so the barren-ground caribou is a primary consumer. The rough-legged hawk has an arrow pointing to it from the parasitic jaeger. The parasitic jaeger is not a producer, so the rough-legged hawk is not a primary consumer.
Which of these states is farthest east?	[ "Louisiana", "North Dakota", "North Carolina", "Arizona" ]	2		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	Maps	Read a map: cardinal directions	Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.	To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. North Carolina is farthest east.
Which statement best describes the average monthly precipitation in New Orleans?	[ "The wettest months of the year are June, July, and August.", "October is the wettest month.", "June, July, and August are the driest months of the year." ]	0	Use the graph to answer the question below.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	earth-science	Weather and climate	Use climate data to make predictions	Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location. A bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.	To describe the average precipitation trends in New Orleans, look at the graph. Choice "Jun" is incorrect. Choice "Jul" is incorrect. Choice "Aug" is incorrect. Choice "Oct" is incorrect. Choice "June, July, and August are the driest months of the year." is incorrect. On average, slightly more precipitation falls during June, July, and August than during the other months of the year. So, June, July, and August are not the driest months. Choice "The wettest months of the year are June, July, and August." is incorrect. On average, more precipitation falls during June, July, and August than during other months of the year. So, June, July, and August are the wettest months. Choice "October is the wettest month." is incorrect. Every other month has a higher average precipitation than October. So, October is the driest, not the wettest, month.
Which continent is highlighted?	[ "North America", "Africa", "Asia" ]	2		closed choice	grade2	social science	geography	Geography	Identify oceans and continents	A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth.	This continent is Asia.
Which of these states is farthest south?	[ "Maine", "Massachusetts", "Washington", "North Dakota" ]	1		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	Maps	Read a map: cardinal directions	Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.	To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Massachusetts is farthest south.
During this time, thermal energy was transferred from () to ().	[ "the surroundings . . . each refrigerator", "each refrigerator . . . the surroundings" ]	0	Two identical refrigerators in a restaurant kitchen lost power. The door of one fridge was slightly open, and the door of the other fridge was closed. This table shows how the temperature of each refrigerator changed over 10minutes.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	physics	Thermal energy	Compare thermal energy transfers	A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy: An increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings. A decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.	The temperature of each refrigerator increased, which means that the thermal energy of each refrigerator increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each refrigerator.
Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	[ "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1." ]	0	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	physics	Velocity, acceleration, and forces	Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.	The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them. Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.
Which of the following organisms is the producer in this food web?	[ "silver maple", "beaver", "gray fox", "pine vole" ]	0	Below is a food web from Shenandoah National Park, a forest ecosystem in Virginia. A food web models how the matter eaten by organisms moves through an ecosystem. The arrows in a food web represent how matter moves between organisms in an ecosystem.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Ecological interactions	Interpret food webs I	A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating. An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web. An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.	Producers do not eat other organisms. So, in a food web, producers do not have arrows pointing to them from other organisms. The persimmon tree does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the persimmon tree is a producer. The gray fox has arrows pointing to it, so it is not a producer. The silver maple does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the silver maple is a producer. The beaver has an arrow pointing to it, so it is not a producer. The pine vole has arrows pointing to it, so it is not a producer.
Which animal's skin is also adapted for survival in cold places?	[ "caribou", "scarlet snake" ]	0	s live in the Canadian Arctic and Greenland. The 's skin is adapted to help the animal survive in cold places. Figure: Arctic hare.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Adaptations	Animal adaptations: skins and body coverings	An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.	Look at the picture of the Arctic hare. During the winter, the Arctic hare has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The Arctic hare uses its fur to keep warm in cold weather. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. During the winter, the caribou has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The scarlet snake has thin scales covering its body. Its skin is not adapted for survival in cold places.
What is the capital of Maryland?	[ "Birmingham", "Frankfort", "Annapolis", "Baltimore" ]	2		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Northeast		Annapolis is the capital of Maryland.
Which property do these four objects have in common?	[ "fragile", "stretchy", "sour" ]	1	Select the best answer.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of objects	An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.	Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. The rubber band is not fragile. A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. All four objects are stretchy. A lemon has a sour taste. The melted marshmallow is not sour. The property that all four objects have in common is stretchy.
Identify the question that Ben's experiment can best answer.	[ "Do steel nails rust in fewer days when submerged in a large volume of liquid compared to a small volume?", "Do steel nails take fewer days to rust in water compared to vinegar?" ]	1	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Ben put one two-inch steel nail into each of six test tubes. He added water to three of the test tubes and vinegar to the other three. In each test tube, he completely covered the nail with the same volume of liquid. Ben checked the nails for rust at the same time every day. He recorded how many days it took each nail to become completely covered in rust. Then, he compared the number of days it took nails to rust in water to the number of days it took nails to rust in vinegar. Figure: a new steel nail on a pile of rusty nails.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify the experimental question	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured. First, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested. Then, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured. Experiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height. Examples of questions that this experiment can answer include: Does soil type affect the height of daffodil plants? Do daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil? Are daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?
What is the name of the colony shown?	[ "New Hampshire", "Vermont", "New York", "Delaware" ]	2		closed choice	grade7	social science	us-history	Colonial America	Identify the Thirteen Colonies		The colony is New York. During the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.
What is the capital of Missouri?	[ "Pierre", "Kansas City", "Jefferson City", "Wichita" ]	2		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Midwest		Jefferson City is the capital of Missouri.
Which animal's legs are also adapted for wading?	[ "demoiselle crane", "African penguin" ]	0	Gray herons live near marshes, rivers, and lakes. They eat frogs and fish that live in shallow water. Gray herons hunt their prey by walking through water, or wading. The 's legs are adapted for wading. They are lightweight and keep the bird's body above the water. Figure: gray heron.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Adaptations	Animal adaptations: feet and limbs	An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. Arms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly.	Look at the picture of the gray heron. Long legs help the gray heron keep its body above the surface of the water while wading. Thin legs are easier to move through the water. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The demoiselle crane has long, thin legs. Its legs are adapted for wading. The African penguin has short legs. Its legs are not adapted for wading. The African penguin uses its legs to walk and swim.
Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	[ "The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1." ]	0	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	physics	Velocity, acceleration, and forces	Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.	Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater. There is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.
Select the organism in the same genus as the Japanese honeysuckle.	[ "Hyacinthus orientalis", "Lonicera maackii", "Ulex europaeus" ]	1	This organism is a Japanese honeysuckle. Its scientific name is Lonicera japonica.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Scientific names	Use scientific names to classify organisms	Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.	A Japanese honeysuckle's scientific name is Lonicera japonica. The first word of its scientific name is Lonicera. Hyacinthus orientalis is in the genus Hyacinthus. The first word of its scientific name is Hyacinthus. So, Hyacinthus orientalis and Lonicera japonica are not in the same genus. Lonicera maackii is in the genus Lonicera. The first word of its scientific name is Lonicera. So, Lonicera maackii and Lonicera japonica are in the same genus. Ulex europaeus is in the genus Ulex. The first word of its scientific name is Ulex. So, Ulex europaeus and Lonicera japonica are not in the same genus.
Which material is this clothes hanger made of?	[ "cardboard", "wood" ]	1		closed choice	grade2	natural science	physics	Materials	Identify multiple materials in objects	A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. Some objects are made of just one material. Most nails are made of metal. Other objects are made of more than one material. This hammer is made of metal and wood.	Look at the picture of the clothes hanger. The clothes hanger is made of two different materials. The hook is made of metal. The rest of the hanger is made of wood.
Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? Earth is the largest planet that is made mainly of rock.	[ "true", "false" ]	0	Use the data to answer the question below.	true-or false	grade6	natural science	earth-science	Astronomy	Analyze data to compare properties of planets	A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet. The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.	The table tells you that Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the planets made mainly of rock. Of these planets, Earth is the largest. So, Earth is the largest planet that is made mainly of rock.
Will these magnets attract or repel each other?	[ "attract", "repel" ]	0	Two magnets are placed as shown.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	physics	Magnets	Identify magnets that attract or repel	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S. If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.	To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other. Both poles of each magnet line up with both poles of the other magnet. The south pole of each magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.
Which country is highlighted?	[ "Kiribati", "Nauru", "the Marshall Islands", "Solomon Islands" ]	2		closed choice	grade7	social science	geography	Oceania: geography	Identify and select countries of Oceania		This country is the Marshall Islands. Does the Marshall Islands have any territorial disputes? The Marshall Islands claims to own Wake Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them. The United States claimed Wake Island in 1899 and has controlled it since then. But the Marshall Islands considers the island part of its territory. It says that its people have traveled to the island to gather food and resources for many years. Today, the island is mainly used by the U.S. Air Force.
Which ocean is highlighted?	[ "the Atlantic Ocean", "the Indian Ocean", "the Southern Ocean", "the Pacific Ocean" ]	3		closed choice	grade6	social science	geography	Physical Geography	Oceans and continents	Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.	This is the Pacific Ocean.
Which of the following could Darnell's test show?	[ "whether an inexpensive filter would become clogged more often", "whether the filter was clogged", "the amount of bacteria in the water before it was filtered" ]	1	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Darnell was . At the plant, an expensive filter was used to remove disease-causing bacteria from the water. But over time, the filter would become clogged with bacteria. If the filter became clogged, the water would not move through quickly enough. Darnell had to decide when the filter was too clogged and needed to be replaced. So, during his inspection, Darnell checked the filter by measuring how quickly water moved through it. Figure: an engineer at a water treatment plant.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Engineering practices	Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured. Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves. First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind. Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved. Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.
Which ocean is highlighted?	[ "the Atlantic Ocean", "the Indian Ocean", "the Arctic Ocean", "the Pacific Ocean" ]	0		closed choice	grade7	social science	geography	Physical Geography	Oceans and continents	Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.	This is the Atlantic Ocean.
What is the name of the colony shown?	[ "Massachusetts", "Rhode Island", "New Hampshire", "Vermont" ]	2		closed choice	grade5	social science	us-history	English colonies in North America	Identify the Thirteen Colonies		The colony is New Hampshire. During the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.
Which continent is highlighted?	[ "Australia", "North America", "South America", "Asia" ]	3		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	Geography	Identify oceans and continents	A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth.	This continent is Asia.
Select the organism in the same species as the Indian rock python.	[ "Python molurus", "Lacerta agilis", "Nerodia cyclopion" ]	0	This organism is an Indian rock python. Its scientific name is Python molurus.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Scientific names	Use scientific names to classify organisms	Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.	An Indian rock python's scientific name is Python molurus. Nerodia cyclopion does not have the same scientific name as an Indian rock python. So, Python molurus and Nerodia cyclopion are not in the same species. Python molurus has the same scientific name as an Indian rock python. So, these organisms are in the same species. Lacerta agilis does not have the same scientific name as an Indian rock python. So, Python molurus and Lacerta agilis are not in the same species.
What is the capital of Oklahoma?	[ "Boise", "Oklahoma City", "Little Rock", "Birmingham" ]	1		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Southeast		Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma.
Which country is highlighted?	[ "Haiti", "Cuba", "the Dominican Republic", "The Bahamas" ]	0		closed choice	grade6	social science	geography	The Americas: geography	Identify and select countries of the Caribbean		This country is Haiti. Does Haiti have any territorial disputes? Haiti claims to own Navassa Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them. Navassa Island is also claimed by the United States. The United States claimed the island in 1857 and has controlled it since then. But Haiti considers the island part of its territory and has protested the United States' claim since this time. No one lives on the island. Today, it is a nature preserve.
Which of the following could Rose's test show?	[ "if the new turbine could turn easily", "whether the new turbine could produce 10% more electricity", "how much the new turbine would weigh" ]	1	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Wind turbines use wind power to produce electricity. Rose was a materials engineer who designed wind turbines. She wanted to design a new turbine that would produce 10% more electricity than older wind turbines. She thought that a turbine made from lightweight material would turn more easily and produce more electricity. So, Rose created a computer model of a turbine made from lightweight material. Then she used the model to calculate how much more electricity the new turbine could produce compared to the older turbines. Figure: studying a wind turbine computer model.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Engineering practices	Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured. Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves. First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind. Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved. Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.
Which continent is highlighted?	[ "Africa", "North America", "South America", "Asia" ]	3		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	Oceans and continents	Identify oceans and continents	A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.	This continent is Asia.
Identify the question that Ronald's experiment can best answer.	[ "Do more bacteria grow in liquid with cinnamon than in liquid without cinnamon?", "Does temperature affect how much bacteria can grow in liquid?" ]	0	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Ronald mixed bacteria into a nutrient-rich liquid where the bacteria could grow. He poured four ounces of the mixture into each of ten glass flasks. In five of the ten flasks, he also added one teaspoon of cinnamon. He allowed the bacteria in the flasks to grow overnight in a 37°C room. Then, Ronald used a microscope to count the number of bacteria in a small sample from each flask. He compared the amount of bacteria in the liquid with cinnamon to the amount of bacteria in the liquid without cinnamon. Figure: flasks of liquid for growing bacteria.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify the experimental question	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured. First, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested. Then, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured. Experiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height. Examples of questions that this experiment can answer include: Does soil type affect the height of daffodil plants? Do daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil? Are daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?
Which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles?	[ "Solution A", "Solution B", "neither; their concentrations are the same" ]	1	The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each pink ball represents one particle of solute.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	chemistry	Solutions	Compare concentrations of solutions	A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent	In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter. Solution B has more pink particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of pink particles.
What is the capital of Alabama?	[ "Montgomery", "Columbus", "Oklahoma City", "Birmingham" ]	0		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Southeast		Montgomery is the capital of Alabama.
Which of these states is farthest east?	[ "Ohio", "New Jersey", "Kansas", "South Carolina" ]	1		closed choice	grade2	social science	geography	Geography	Read a map: cardinal directions	Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.	To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. New Jersey is farthest east.
Select the organism in the same species as the purple heron.	[ "Caprimulgus europaeus", "Ardea purpurea", "Ardea herodias" ]	1	This organism is a purple heron. Its scientific name is Ardea purpurea.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Scientific names	Use scientific names to classify organisms	Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.	A purple heron's scientific name is Ardea purpurea. Ardea purpurea is in the same genus as Ardea herodias, but they are not in the same species. Organisms in the same species have the same scientific names. Ardea purpurea and Ardea herodias are different species within the same genus. Caprimulgus europaeus does not have the same scientific name as a purple heron. So, Ardea purpurea and Caprimulgus europaeus are not in the same species. Ardea purpurea has the same scientific name as a purple heron. So, these organisms are in the same species.
What can Clara and Harry trade to each get what they want?	[ "Harry can trade his almonds for Clara's tomatoes.", "Clara can trade her tomatoes for Harry's carrots.", "Harry can trade his broccoli for Clara's oranges.", "Clara can trade her tomatoes for Harry's broccoli." ]	3	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Clara and Harry open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Clara nor Harry got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Clara's lunch Harry's lunch	closed choice	grade8	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Trade and specialization		Look at the table and images. Clara wants broccoli. Harry wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.
What location was involved in the triangular trade?	[ "China", "the Thirteen Colonies" ]	1	By the 1700s, merchants in the Thirteen Colonies traded goods across the Atlantic Ocean in a pattern called triangular trade. Look at the map showing this trade. Then answer the question below.	closed choice	grade7	social science	us-history	The American Revolution	Causes of the American Revolution: introduction to mercantilism and the Navigation Acts		Look at the map. The arrows on the map show that goods moved to and from these locations: China was not involved in the triangular trade.
What type of rock is sandstone?	[ "igneous", "metamorphic", "sedimentary" ]	2	This is a piece of sandstone. Sandstone forms below the ground in places like deserts and beaches. This piece of rock shows dark and light layers. Sandstone forms from sand grains. Sand grains are tiny pieces of rock that are broken off by water, wind, or ice. Layers of sand can build up in some places. Over time, these layers can get compacted into sandstone.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	earth-science	Rocks and minerals	Classify rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic	Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens into solid rock. This type of change can occur at Earth's surface or below it. Sedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are pressed together, or compacted, to make rock. This type of change occurs below Earth's surface. Metamorphic rock is formed when a rock is changed by very high temperature and pressure. This type of change often occurs deep below Earth's surface. Over time, the old rock becomes a new rock with different properties.	Sandstone is a sedimentary rock. Like other sedimentary rocks, it forms from layers of sediment. Material that is eroded in nature is called sediment. Sand is a type of sediment. Over time, layers of sand can build up in places like deserts and beaches. The top layers press down on the bottom layers, squeezing out water and air. Sandstone forms when the bottom layers of sand are pressed together to form rock.
Based on the arrows, which of the following organisms is a producer?	[ "lichen", "barren-ground caribou" ]	0	Below is a food web from a tundra ecosystem in Nunavut, a territory in Northern Canada. A food web models how the matter eaten by organisms moves through an ecosystem. The arrows in a food web represent how matter moves between organisms in an ecosystem.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Interpret food webs	A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating. An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web. An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.	Producers do not eat other organisms. So, in a food web, producers do not have arrows pointing to them from other organisms. The lichen does not have an arrow pointing to it. So, the lichen is a producer. The barren-ground caribou has an arrow pointing to it from the lichen. So, the barren-ground caribou is a consumer, not a producer.
Select the organism in the same species as the American alligator.	[ "Alligator sinensis", "Alligator mississippiensis", "Aequorea victoria" ]	1	This organism is an American alligator. Its scientific name is Alligator mississippiensis.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Classification and scientific names	Use scientific names to classify organisms	Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.	An American alligator's scientific name is Alligator mississippiensis. Aequorea victoria does not have the same scientific name as an American alligator. So, Alligator mississippiensis and Aequorea victoria are not in the same species. Alligator mississippiensis is in the same genus as Alligator sinensis, but they are not in the same species. Organisms in the same species have the same scientific names. Alligator mississippiensis and Alligator sinensis are different species within the same genus. Alligator mississippiensis has the same scientific name as an American alligator. So, these organisms are in the same species.
Which term matches the picture?	[ "Cenozoic era", "Mesozoic era" ]	1	Read the text. Scientists divide the history of Earth into eras. Different types of animal life help distinguish these eras. We live in the Cenozoic era, which began roughly sixty-six million years ago. The Cenozoic era is known as the Age of Mammals because mammals, like humans, are the largest land animals. During the previous era, called the Mesozoic era, big reptiles, like dinosaurs, were the dominant animal species—it's nicknamed the Age of Reptiles. Some scientists believe that, at the end of the Mesozoic era, a large object from space collided with Earth, helping cause the mass extinction of the dinosaurs and ushering in the Age of Mammals.	closed choice	grade6	language science	vocabulary	Context clues	Determine the meaning of domain-specific words with pictures		The Mesozoic era is also known as the Age of Reptiles. During the Mesozoic era, reptiles like dinosaurs were the dominant animal species.
Select the mammal below.	[ "loon", "great white shark", "albatross", "Tasmanian devil" ]	3	Mammals have hair or fur and feed their young milk. Mammals are warm-blooded. Warm-blooded animals can control their body temperature. A koala is an example of a mammal.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Classification	Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians	Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.	A loon is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Loons usually live near lakes. They dive in the water to hunt for food. An albatross is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Albatrosses live near the ocean. They hunt squid, fish, and other small animals. A Tasmanian devil is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. Tasmanian devils are meat-eating marsupials. They live on the island of Tasmania, near Australia. A great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Great white sharks can live for up to 70 years.
Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? 75% of the planets are made mainly of rock.	[ "false", "true" ]	0	Use the data to answer the question below.	true-or false	grade7	natural science	earth-science	Astronomy	Analyze data to compare properties of planets	A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet. The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.	The table tells you that four out of the eight planets are made mainly of rock. So, one-half, or 50%, of the planets are made mainly of rock.
Is apple juice a solid or a liquid?	[ "a solid", "a liquid" ]	1		closed choice	grade2	natural science	physics	States of matter	Classify matter as solid or liquid	Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own. Some solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break. A glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid. When matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container. Think about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space. Juice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.	Apple juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour apple juice into a different container, the apple juice will take the shape of that container. But the apple juice will still take up the same amount of space.
What is the capital of Oklahoma?	[ "Tulsa", "Bridgeport", "Columbia", "Oklahoma City" ]	3		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Southeast		Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma.
Which of the following was a dependent variable in this experiment?	[ "the number of bacteria in a drop of tea", "the amount of time that the tea sat on the desk" ]	0	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and think about the variables that are described. Every day at work, Valentina poured a large cup of tea that she drank throughout the morning. She wondered how much bacteria might be growing in her cup of tea as the morning went on. To find out, Valentina filled three identical cups with tea and placed them on her desk for three hours. After the first hour, she placed a drop of the tea from each cup on a separate microscope slide and counted the number of bacteria in the drop. Valentina repeated this with each cup of tea after the second hour, and again after the third hour. Hint: An independent variable is a variable whose effect you are investigating. A dependent variable is a variable that you measure. Figure: using a microscope to count bacteria on a slide.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify independent and dependent variables	Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato plants. Then, you add fertilizer to the soil of the plants in one group but not in the other group. Later, you measure the effect of the fertilizer by counting the number of tomatoes on each plant. In this experiment, the amount of fertilizer added to the soil and the number of tomatoes were both variables. The amount of fertilizer added to the soil was an independent variable because it was the variable whose effect you were investigating. This type of variable is called independent because its value does not depend on what happens after the experiment begins. Instead, you decided to give fertilizer to some plants and not to others. The number of tomatoes was a dependent variable because it was the variable you were measuring. This type of variable is called dependent because its value can depend on what happens in the experiment.
Which of the following could Tara and Rosanne's test show?	[ "if the concrete from each batch took the same amount of time to dry", "if a new batch of concrete was firm enough to use" ]	1	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Tara and Rosanne were making batches of concrete for a construction project. To make the concrete, they mixed together dry cement powder, gravel, and water. Then, they checked if each batch was firm enough using a test called a slump test. They poured some of the fresh concrete into an upside-down metal cone. They left the concrete in the metal cone for 30 seconds. Then, they lifted the cone to see if the concrete stayed in a cone shape or if it collapsed. If the concrete in a batch collapsed, they would know the batch should not be used. Figure: preparing a concrete slump test.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Engineering practices	Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured. Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves. First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind. Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved. Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.
Which ocean is highlighted?	[ "the Southern Ocean", "the Indian Ocean", "the Atlantic Ocean", "the Pacific Ocean" ]	3		closed choice	grade6	social science	geography	Physical Geography	Oceans and continents	Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.	This is the Pacific Ocean.
Select the reptile below.	[ "clownfish", "helmeted iguana" ]	1	Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land. A coral snake is an example of a reptile.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Classification	Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians	Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.	A clownfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Clownfish live with animals called anemones. In the image of the clownfish, you can see the green anemone behind the clownfish. A helmeted iguana is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Iguanas are a type of lizard. Iguanas eat plants and fruit.
Which statement best describes the average monthly precipitation in Atlanta?	[ "February is wetter than March.", "Atlanta has a rainy season and a dry season.", "Precipitation does not change much from month to month in Atlanta." ]	2	Use the graph to answer the question below.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	earth-science	Weather and climate	Use climate data to make predictions	Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location. A bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.	To describe the average precipitation trends in Atlanta, look at the graph. Choice "Feb" is incorrect. Choice "Mar" is incorrect. Choice "Atlanta has a rainy season and a dry season." is incorrect. The average monthly precipitation does not change much throughout the year. Every month has rain, and there is no dry season. Choice "February is wetter than March." is incorrect. Wetter months have a higher average precipitation than drier months. February has a slightly lower average monthly precipitation than March. So, February is not wetter than March. Choice "Precipitation does not change much from month to month in Atlanta." is incorrect. The average monthly precipitation changes only slightly throughout the year.
Which trait did this aurochs have? Select the trait you can observe on the fossil.	[ "four legs", "a striped body" ]	0	This picture shows a fossil of an animal called an aurochs. The aurochs was hunted by humans and went extinct around 1627. The oldest aurochs fossils are about 2,000,000 years old.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	earth-science	Fossils	Compare fossils to modern organisms	The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms. Fossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior. Here are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them: This is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell. This is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern. This is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land. An organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved.
Which trait do African wild dogs have?	[ "They live in packs with thousands of other African wild dogs.", "They have four legs." ]	1	This picture shows two African wild dogs. African wild dogs live in groups called packs. Between 3 and 20 adult African wild dogs live together in a pack.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	literacy-in-science	Animals	Benefits of group behavior: African wild dogs		Both the picture and the text tell you about the traits of African wild dogs. Start with the picture. These African wild dogs have black, brown, and white fur. They also have four legs and two ears. Next, read the text about African wild dogs. African wild dogs live in groups called packs. Between 3 and 20 adult African wild dogs live together in a pack. African wild dogs do live in groups. But the groups are not made up of thousands of dogs.
Which material is this door made of?	[ "wool", "metal" ]	1		closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Materials	Identify multiple materials in objects	A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. Some objects are made of just one material. Most nails are made of metal. Other objects are made of more than one material. This hammer is made of metal and wood.	Look at the picture of the door. This door is made of two different materials. The body of the door is made of wood. The door knob is made of metal. Not all doors are made of wood. The body of a door can be made of metal or even glass.
Which continent is highlighted?	[ "Australia", "South America", "North America", "Europe" ]	1		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	Oceans and continents	Identify oceans and continents	A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.	This continent is South America.
Which of these continents does the prime meridian intersect?	[ "North America", "Africa", "South America" ]	1		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	Maps	Use lines of latitude and longitude	Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps. Lines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0° latitude. We start counting degrees from there. Lines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator. Lines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0° longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles. The equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180°E and 180°W. Together, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.	The prime meridian is the line at 0° longitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect North America or South America.
Which is this organism's common name?	[ "marine file snake", "Acrochordus granulatus" ]	0	This organism is a marine file snake. It is also called Acrochordus granulatus.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Classification and scientific names	Identify common and scientific names	An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know. An organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English. Scientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.	Acrochordus granulatus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name. Acrochordus granulatus is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that marine file snake is the common name.
Which solution has a higher concentration of green particles?	[ "Solution B", "neither; their concentrations are the same", "Solution A" ]	1	The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each green ball represents one particle of solute.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	chemistry	Solutions	Compare concentrations of solutions	A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent	In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter. Solution A and Solution B have the same number of green particles per milliliter. So, their concentrations are the same.
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?	[ "weather", "climate" ]	0	Figure: Nepal. A group of climbers were happy about the warm temperatures during their hike last Thursday. They were hiking in Nepal, which is home to Mount Everest. Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	earth-science	Weather and climate	Weather and climate around the world	The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.	Read the passage carefully. A group of climbers were happy about the warm temperatures during their hike last Thursday. They were hiking in Nepal, which is home to Mount Everest. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the temperature in Nepal last Thursday. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.
Which country is highlighted?	[ "Dominica", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Jamaica", "Barbados" ]	2		closed choice	grade8	social science	geography	The Americas: geography	Identify and select countries of the Caribbean		This country is Jamaica.
What is the capital of New Jersey?	[ "Trenton", "Honolulu", "Jersey City", "Hartford" ]	0		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Northeast		Trenton is the capital of New Jersey.
Is the water in a fishbowl a solid, a liquid, or a gas?	[ "a liquid", "a gas", "a solid" ]	0		closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	States of matter	Classify matter as solid, liquid, or gas	Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own. Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid. When matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle. Some liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk. When matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space. Many gases are invisible. Air is a gas.	The water in a fishbowl is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour water from a fishbowl into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.
Which state is highlighted?	[ "Texas", "Oklahoma", "Virginia", "Georgia" ]	2		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	States	Identify states of the Southeast		This state is Virginia.
Which term matches the picture?	[ "analogous structures", "homologous structure" ]	1	Read the text. Biologists can look at how related two animals are by comparing their body parts, or structures. Analogous structures are parts with the same purpose but with different structures, like a fin and a flipper. Different species may develop analogous structures when they live in similar environments even if they aren't closely related. Homologous structures, however, may show that species are related by indicating they have common ancestors. A whale is a mammal, which makes it more closely related to a bear than to a fish, and a whale's flipper has bones like those in a bear's paw. Though they are different shapes and sizes, the arrangement of bones is similar.	closed choice	grade8	language science	word-study	Domain-specific vocabulary	Determine the meaning of domain-specific words with pictures		Homologous structures have the same basic parts and suggest different species shared a common ancestor. A person's arm and a frog's arm are both made of a similar set of bones, even though the bones within a frog's arm are differently sized and shaped than those in a human's.
Earth's organisms rely on the atmosphere for which of the following?	[ "stable temperatures", "sunlight" ]	0	Read the text. Then answer the question. Earth is surrounded by a layer of gases called the atmosphere. The gases that make up the atmosphere sustain life on Earth. Living organisms take in and release some of these gases. Gases in the atmosphere also help insulate Earth from extreme temperatures and block some harmful forms of sunlight.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	earth-science	Climate change	The greenhouse effect		Read the text carefully. The underlined text below shows information about each answer choice. Earth is surrounded by a layer of gases called the atmosphere. The gases that make up the atmosphere sustain life on Earth. Living organisms take in and release some of these gases. Gases in the atmosphere also help insulate Earth from extreme temperatures and block some harmful forms of sunlight. Earth's atmosphere contains many different gases, including oxygen and carbon dioxide. These gases are both taken in and released by living organisms. Animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Plants use carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis. Some of the gases that make up the atmosphere also insulate Earth, helping to maintain its stable temperatures. While many gases interact with sunlight, Earth's atmosphere does not provide sunlight.
Which of the following fossils is younger? Select the more likely answer.	[ "ginkgo leaf", "insect" ]	1	This diagram shows fossils in an undisturbed sedimentary rock sequence.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	earth-science	Fossils	Compare ages of fossils in a rock sequence	A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities. Fossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers. The relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers.	Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram. Compare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is younger: The insect fossil is in a shallower layer in the rock sequence than the ginkgo leaf fossil. So, the insect fossil is most likely younger than the ginkgo leaf fossil.
Which country is highlighted?	[ "Tuvalu", "the Marshall Islands", "Kiribati", "Nauru" ]	2		closed choice	grade6	social science	geography	Oceania: geography	Identify and select countries of Oceania		This country is Kiribati.
Which continent is highlighted?	[ "Africa", "North America", "South America", "Europe" ]	0		closed choice	grade7	social science	geography	Physical Geography	Oceans and continents	A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.	This continent is Africa.
Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance.	[ "cyclopropane", "chloroform", "nitrogen" ]	2		closed choice	grade6	natural science	chemistry	Atoms and molecules	Identify elementary substances and compounds using models	There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you. A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds. Every chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl. Scientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride. In a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.
Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	[ "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2.", "The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.", "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1." ]	2	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	physics	Magnets	Compare strengths of magnetic forces	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.	Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker. The magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.
What is the name of the colony shown?	[ "Georgia", "Rhode Island", "Pennsylvania", "Iowa" ]	2		closed choice	grade8	social science	us-history	Colonial America	Identify the Thirteen Colonies		The colony is Pennsylvania.
What is the capital of Idaho?	[ "Olympia", "Saint Louis", "Cincinnati", "Boise" ]	3		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the West		Boise is the capital of Idaho.
Identify the question that Zach's experiment can best answer.	[ "Can pennies hold more drops of water mixed with dish soap or water mixed with hand soap?", "Can pennies hold more drops of pure water or water mixed with hand soap?" ]	1	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Zach used a dropper to put equal-sized drops of pure water, one at a time, onto a penny. The drops stayed together and formed a dome on the penny's surface. Zach recorded the number of drops he could add before the water spilled over the edge of the penny. Then, he rinsed and dried the penny, and repeated the test using water mixed with hand soap. He repeated these trials on nine additional pennies. Zach compared the average number of pure water drops to the average number of water drops mixed with hand soap that he could add to a penny before the water spilled over. Figure: a dome of water on the surface of a penny.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify the experimental question	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured. First, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested. Then, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured. Experiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height. Examples of questions that this experiment can answer include: Does soil type affect the height of daffodil plants? Do daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil? Are daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?
During this time, thermal energy was transferred from () to ().	[ "the surroundings . . . each cake", "each cake . . . the surroundings" ]	1	Keenan baked two identical cakes. When he took them out of the oven, he left one cake in its pan and took the other cake out of its pan to put it on a plate. This table shows how the temperature of each cake changed over 5minutes.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	physics	Thermal energy	Compare thermal energy transfers	A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy: An increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings. A decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.	The temperature of each cake decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each cake decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each cake to the surroundings.
In this food chain, the yucca moth is a consumer. Why?	[ "It makes its own food.", "It eats another living thing." ]	1	This diagram shows a food chain from a desert ecosystem in Southern California.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Identify roles in food chains	Every living thing needs food to stay alive. Living things get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how living things in an ecosystem get their food. Producers make their own food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. This sugar is food for the producer. Consumers eat other living things. Consumers cannot make their own food.	In this food chain, the yucca moth is a consumer because it eats another living thing. The yucca moth in this food chain eats the Mojave yucca.
Which fish's mouth is also adapted for tearing through meat?	[ "starry moray", "copperband butterflyfish" ]	0	Piranhas eat mostly fish. The 's mouth is adapted to tear through meat. Figure: piranha.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Adaptations	Animal adaptations: beaks, mouths, and necks	An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.	Look at the picture of the piranha. The piranha has large, sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat. The piranha uses its teeth to cut up meat into pieces it can swallow. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The starry moray has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat. The copperband butterflyfish has a small, narrow mouth. Its mouth is not adapted for tearing through meat.
Which property matches this object?	[ "transparent", "bouncy" ]	0	Select the better answer.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Materials	Identify properties of an object	An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.	Look at the object. Think about each property. A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The glass bottle is not bouncy. You can see clearly through a transparent object. The glass bottle is transparent.
Which better describes the Jardines de la Reina National Park ecosystem?	[ "It has bright sunlight. It also has shallow water.", "It has water with not much salt. It also has only a few types of organisms." ]	0	Figure: Jardines de la Reina National Park. Jardines de la Reina National Park is a tropical coral reef ecosystem near the southern coast of Cuba.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Describe ecosystems	An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil or water the organisms that live there	A tropical coral reef is a type of ecosystem. Tropical coral reefs have the following features: shallow, salty water, bright sunlight, and many different types of organisms. So, Jardines de la Reina National Park has bright sunlight. It also has shallow water.
Is the air inside a bubble a solid, a liquid, or a gas?	[ "a liquid", "a gas", "a solid" ]	1		closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	States of matter	Classify matter as solid, liquid, or gas	Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own. Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid. When matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle. Some liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk. When matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space. Many gases are invisible. Air is a gas.	The air inside a bubble is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a bubble fills all the space in the bubble. If the bubble pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.
Which country is highlighted?	[ "Dominica", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Jamaica", "the Dominican Republic" ]	3		closed choice	grade7	social science	geography	The Americas: geography	Identify and select countries of the Caribbean		This country is the Dominican Republic. Why does the Dominican Republic share its island with another country? The Dominican Republic and Haiti share the island of Hispaniola. It is home to the earliest European settlements in the Americas. Christopher Columbus founded the first European settlement on the island in 1492 during his first voyage across the Atlantic. Though many people lived on the island before Columbus's arrival, European countries quickly began to colonize the island. Eventually France and Spain both established colonies. The Spanish colony eventually became the country of the Dominican Republic, and the French colony eventually became the country of Haiti. Today, people in the two countries speak different languages and have many cultural differences.
What is the name of the colony shown?	[ "Virginia", "Delaware", "Georgia", "West Virginia" ]	0		closed choice	grade8	social science	us-history	Colonial America	Identify the Thirteen Colonies		The colony is Virginia. The Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony.
Which of these cities is marked on the map?	[ "Nashville", "Houston", "Charlotte", "New Orleans" ]	1		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	Cities	Cities of the Southeast		The city is Houston, Texas. Nashville, New Orleans, and Charlotte are marked with gray circles on the map below.
Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance.	[ "oxygen", "bromomethane", "methane" ]	0		closed choice	grade6	natural science	chemistry	Atoms and molecules	Identify elementary substances and compounds using models	There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you. A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds. Every chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl. Scientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride. In a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.
Which property do these three objects have in common?	[ "blue", "sticky", "fuzzy" ]	2	Select the best answer.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of objects	An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.	Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. Blue is a color. This color is blue. The kiwi and the stuffed dice are not blue. A fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. All three objects are fuzzy. A sticky object can attach or stick to other things. The socks and the stuffed dice are not sticky. The property that all three objects have in common is fuzzy.
Complete the sentence. The word "antebellum" means ().	[ "after the long peace", "before the war", "after the election", "before the feast" ]	1	The time period in United States history between 1820 and 1861 is often called the antebellum period. During the antebellum period, the North and South became more divided. In the following questions, you learn more about the changes that happened during the antebellum period. The following table shows other words that use the Latin root words ante and bellum. Look at the table. Then complete the text below.	closed choice	grade8	social science	us-history	The Antebellum period	Causes of the Civil War: Missouri Compromise to Bleeding Kansas		Look at the underlined parts of the table. All the words that use the root "ante" mean to come before something else. So, the root ante means "before." All the words that use the root "bellum" mean to fight or cause war.So, the root bellum means "war." So, the word "antebellum" means "before the war." The antebellum period is named for the war that followed it: the Civil War.
Is fruit punch a solid, a liquid, or a gas?	[ "a solid", "a liquid", "a gas" ]	1		closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	States of matter	Classify matter as solid, liquid, or gas	Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own. Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid. When matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle. Some liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk. When matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space. Many gases are invisible. Air is a gas.	Fruit punch is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour fruit punch into a cup, the punch will take the shape of the cup. But the punch will still take up the same amount of space.
What is the capital of Washington?	[ "Spokane", "Seattle", "Olympia", "Phoenix" ]	2		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the West		Olympia is the capital of Washington.
Which statement describes the Tibetan Plateau ecosystem?	[ "It has warm summers and cool winters.", "It has soil that is frozen year-round." ]	1	Figure: Tibetan Plateau. The Tibetan Plateau is a tundra ecosystem located in Tibet, western China, and northern India. The plateau is over 14,800 feet high and is surrounded by many mountain ranges.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Describe ecosystems	An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment. There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil the organisms that live there	A tundra is a type of ecosystem. Tundras have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. So, the following statements describe the Tibetan Plateau ecosystem: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has soil that is frozen year-round. It has mostly small plants. The following statement does not describe the Tibetan Plateau: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has warm summers and cool winters.
Which property do these three objects have in common?	[ "stretchy", "rough", "bouncy" ]	1	Select the best answer.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of objects	An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.	Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. All three objects are rough. A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The rock and the tree bark are not stretchy. A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The tree bark and the velcro are not bouncy. The property that all three objects have in common is rough.
Which property do these three objects have in common?	[ "bouncy", "hard", "stretchy" ]	1	Select the best answer.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of objects	An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.	Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. All three objects are hard. A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. None of the objects are stretchy. A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. None of the objects are bouncy. The property that all three objects have in common is hard.
Identify the question that Natalie's experiment can best answer.	[ "Does fabric turn darker when soaked in a mixture of black dye and water for 15 minutes compared to 30 minutes?", "Does linen fabric turn darker than cotton fabric when soaked in a mixture of black dye and water?" ]	1	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Natalie prepared ten buckets, each with one gallon of boiling water and three tablespoons of black fabric dye. Natalie soaked white linen fabric squares in five of the buckets, and white cotton fabric squares in the other five buckets. All of the fabric squares were soaked for 15 minutes. After the fabric dried, Natalie scored the darkness of the squares on a scale from light to dark. She compared the darkness of the linen fabric to the darkness of the cotton fabric. Figure: fabric that has been dyed black.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify the experimental question	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured. First, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested. Then, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured. Experiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height. Examples of questions that this experiment can answer include: Does soil type affect the height of daffodil plants? Do daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil? Are daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?
Select the organism in the same genus as the axolotl.	[ "Python reticulatus", "Tigrisoma mexicanum", "Ambystoma opacum" ]	2	This organism is an axolotl. Its scientific name is Ambystoma mexicanum.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Scientific names	Use scientific names to classify organisms	Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.	An axolotl's scientific name is Ambystoma mexicanum. The first word of its scientific name is Ambystoma. Python reticulatus is in the genus Python. The first word of its scientific name is Python. So, Python reticulatus and Ambystoma mexicanum are not in the same genus. Ambystoma opacum is in the genus Ambystoma. The first word of its scientific name is Ambystoma. So, Ambystoma opacum and Ambystoma mexicanum are in the same genus. Tigrisoma mexicanum and Ambystoma mexicanum are not in the same genus. These organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Tigrisoma mexicanum and Ambystoma mexicanum have the same species name within their genus, mexicanum. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Tigrisoma mexicanum is in the genus Tigrisoma, and Ambystoma mexicanum is in the genus Ambystoma.
Which continent is highlighted?	[ "Australia", "Antarctica", "South America", "Asia" ]	0		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	Oceans and continents	Identify oceans and continents	A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.	This continent is Australia.
What can Bryce and Victor trade to each get what they want?	[ "Victor can trade his broccoli for Bryce's oranges.", "Bryce can trade his tomatoes for Victor's broccoli.", "Victor can trade his almonds for Bryce's tomatoes.", "Bryce can trade his tomatoes for Victor's carrots." ]	1	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Bryce and Victor open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Bryce nor Victor got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Bryce's lunch Victor's lunch	closed choice	grade7	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Trade and specialization		Look at the table and images. Bryce wants broccoli. Victor wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.
Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?	[ "sample A", "sample B", "neither; the samples have the same temperature" ]	1	The diagrams below show two pure samples of gas in identical closed, rigid containers. Each colored ball represents one gas particle. Both samples have the same number of particles.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	physics	Particle motion and energy	Identify how particle motion affects temperature and pressure	The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.	The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A. Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.
Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance.	[ "bromomethane", "trichlorofluoromethane", "tetraphosphorus" ]	2		closed choice	grade6	natural science	chemistry	Atoms and molecules	Identify elementary substances and compounds using models	There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you. A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds. Every chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl. Scientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride. In a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.
Which of these continents does the equator intersect?	[ "North America", "Africa", "Europe" ]	1		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	Maps	Use lines of latitude and longitude	Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps. Lines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0° latitude. We start counting degrees from there. Lines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator. Lines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0° longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles. The equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180°E and 180°W. Together, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.	The equator is the line at 0° latitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect Europe or North America.
Which continent is highlighted?	[ "Europe", "Asia", "Australia", "South America" ]	0		closed choice	grade8	social science	geography	Physical Geography	Oceans and continents	A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.	This continent is Europe.
Which property do these three objects have in common?	[ "shiny", "bumpy", "bouncy" ]	2	Select the best answer.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of objects	An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.	Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. All three objects are bouncy. A shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The basketball is not shiny. A bumpy object is covered in lumps and bumps. The rubber ball is not bumpy. The property that all three objects have in common is bouncy.

Which property do these three objects have in common?

[ "translucent", "opaque", "fragile" ]

1

Select the best answer.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

physics

Materials

Compare properties of objects

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. None of the objects are translucent. A fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. None of the objects are fragile. An opaque object does not let light through. All three objects are opaque. The property that all three objects have in common is opaque.

Which of the following organisms is the primary consumer in this food web?

[ "Arctic fox", "rough-legged hawk", "mushroom" ]

0

Below is a food web from a tundra ecosystem in Nunavut, a territory in Northern Canada. A food web models how the matter eaten by organisms moves through an ecosystem. The arrows in a food web represent how matter moves between organisms in an ecosystem.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

biology

Ecological interactions

Interpret food webs I

A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating. An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web. An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.

Primary consumers eat producers. So, in a food web, primary consumers have arrows pointing to them from producers. The mushroom has arrows pointing to it from the barren-ground caribou and the grizzly bear. Neither the barren-ground caribou nor the grizzly bear is a producer, so the earthworm is not a primary consumer. The Arctic fox has an arrow pointing to it from the bilberry. The bilberry is a producer, so the Arctic fox is a primary consumer. The barren-ground caribou has an arrow pointing to it from the lichen. The lichen is a producer, so the barren-ground caribou is a primary consumer. The rough-legged hawk has an arrow pointing to it from the parasitic jaeger. The parasitic jaeger is not a producer, so the rough-legged hawk is not a primary consumer.

Which of these states is farthest east?

[ "Louisiana", "North Dakota", "North Carolina", "Arizona" ]

2

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

Maps

Read a map: cardinal directions

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. North Carolina is farthest east.

Which statement best describes the average monthly precipitation in New Orleans?

[ "The wettest months of the year are June, July, and August.", "October is the wettest month.", "June, July, and August are the driest months of the year." ]

0

Use the graph to answer the question below.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

earth-science

Weather and climate

Use climate data to make predictions

Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location. A bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.

To describe the average precipitation trends in New Orleans, look at the graph. Choice "Jun" is incorrect. Choice "Jul" is incorrect. Choice "Aug" is incorrect. Choice "Oct" is incorrect. Choice "June, July, and August are the driest months of the year." is incorrect. On average, slightly more precipitation falls during June, July, and August than during the other months of the year. So, June, July, and August are not the driest months. Choice "The wettest months of the year are June, July, and August." is incorrect. On average, more precipitation falls during June, July, and August than during other months of the year. So, June, July, and August are the wettest months. Choice "October is the wettest month." is incorrect. Every other month has a higher average precipitation than October. So, October is the driest, not the wettest, month.

Which continent is highlighted?

[ "North America", "Africa", "Asia" ]

2

closed choice

grade2

social science

geography

Geography

Identify oceans and continents

A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth.

This continent is Asia.

Which of these states is farthest south?

[ "Maine", "Massachusetts", "Washington", "North Dakota" ]

1

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

Maps

Read a map: cardinal directions

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Massachusetts is farthest south.

During this time, thermal energy was transferred from () to ().

[ "the surroundings . . . each refrigerator", "each refrigerator . . . the surroundings" ]

0

Two identical refrigerators in a restaurant kitchen lost power. The door of one fridge was slightly open, and the door of the other fridge was closed. This table shows how the temperature of each refrigerator changed over 10minutes.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

physics

Thermal energy

Compare thermal energy transfers

A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy: An increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings. A decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.

The temperature of each refrigerator increased, which means that the thermal energy of each refrigerator increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each refrigerator.

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[ "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1." ]

0

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

physics

Velocity, acceleration, and forces

Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.

The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them. Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.

Which of the following organisms is the producer in this food web?

[ "silver maple", "beaver", "gray fox", "pine vole" ]

0

Below is a food web from Shenandoah National Park, a forest ecosystem in Virginia. A food web models how the matter eaten by organisms moves through an ecosystem. The arrows in a food web represent how matter moves between organisms in an ecosystem.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

biology

Ecological interactions

Interpret food webs I

A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating. An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web. An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.

Producers do not eat other organisms. So, in a food web, producers do not have arrows pointing to them from other organisms. The persimmon tree does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the persimmon tree is a producer. The gray fox has arrows pointing to it, so it is not a producer. The silver maple does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the silver maple is a producer. The beaver has an arrow pointing to it, so it is not a producer. The pine vole has arrows pointing to it, so it is not a producer.

Which animal's skin is also adapted for survival in cold places?

[ "caribou", "scarlet snake" ]

0

s live in the Canadian Arctic and Greenland. The 's skin is adapted to help the animal survive in cold places. Figure: Arctic hare.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

biology

Adaptations

Animal adaptations: skins and body coverings

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.

Look at the picture of the Arctic hare. During the winter, the Arctic hare has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The Arctic hare uses its fur to keep warm in cold weather. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. During the winter, the caribou has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The scarlet snake has thin scales covering its body. Its skin is not adapted for survival in cold places.

What is the capital of Maryland?

[ "Birmingham", "Frankfort", "Annapolis", "Baltimore" ]

2

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Northeast

Annapolis is the capital of Maryland.

Which property do these four objects have in common?

[ "fragile", "stretchy", "sour" ]

1

Select the best answer.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

physics

Materials

Compare properties of objects

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. The rubber band is not fragile. A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. All four objects are stretchy. A lemon has a sour taste. The melted marshmallow is not sour. The property that all four objects have in common is stretchy.

Identify the question that Ben's experiment can best answer.

[ "Do steel nails rust in fewer days when submerged in a large volume of liquid compared to a small volume?", "Do steel nails take fewer days to rust in water compared to vinegar?" ]

1

The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Ben put one two-inch steel nail into each of six test tubes. He added water to three of the test tubes and vinegar to the other three. In each test tube, he completely covered the nail with the same volume of liquid. Ben checked the nails for rust at the same time every day. He recorded how many days it took each nail to become completely covered in rust. Then, he compared the number of days it took nails to rust in water to the number of days it took nails to rust in vinegar. Figure: a new steel nail on a pile of rusty nails.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

science-and-engineering-practices

Designing experiments

Identify the experimental question

Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured. First, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested. Then, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured. Experiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height. Examples of questions that this experiment can answer include: Does soil type affect the height of daffodil plants? Do daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil? Are daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?

What is the name of the colony shown?

[ "New Hampshire", "Vermont", "New York", "Delaware" ]

2

closed choice

grade7

social science

us-history

Colonial America

Identify the Thirteen Colonies

The colony is New York. During the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.

What is the capital of Missouri?

[ "Pierre", "Kansas City", "Jefferson City", "Wichita" ]

2

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Midwest

Jefferson City is the capital of Missouri.

Which animal's legs are also adapted for wading?

[ "demoiselle crane", "African penguin" ]

0

Gray herons live near marshes, rivers, and lakes. They eat frogs and fish that live in shallow water. Gray herons hunt their prey by walking through water, or wading. The 's legs are adapted for wading. They are lightweight and keep the bird's body above the water. Figure: gray heron.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

biology

Adaptations

Animal adaptations: feet and limbs

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. Arms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly.

Look at the picture of the gray heron. Long legs help the gray heron keep its body above the surface of the water while wading. Thin legs are easier to move through the water. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The demoiselle crane has long, thin legs. Its legs are adapted for wading. The African penguin has short legs. Its legs are not adapted for wading. The African penguin uses its legs to walk and swim.

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[ "The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1." ]

0

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

physics

Velocity, acceleration, and forces

Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.

Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater. There is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.

Select the organism in the same genus as the Japanese honeysuckle.

[ "Hyacinthus orientalis", "Lonicera maackii", "Ulex europaeus" ]

1

This organism is a Japanese honeysuckle. Its scientific name is Lonicera japonica.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

biology

Scientific names

Use scientific names to classify organisms

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.

A Japanese honeysuckle's scientific name is Lonicera japonica. The first word of its scientific name is Lonicera. Hyacinthus orientalis is in the genus Hyacinthus. The first word of its scientific name is Hyacinthus. So, Hyacinthus orientalis and Lonicera japonica are not in the same genus. Lonicera maackii is in the genus Lonicera. The first word of its scientific name is Lonicera. So, Lonicera maackii and Lonicera japonica are in the same genus. Ulex europaeus is in the genus Ulex. The first word of its scientific name is Ulex. So, Ulex europaeus and Lonicera japonica are not in the same genus.

Which material is this clothes hanger made of?

[ "cardboard", "wood" ]

1

closed choice

grade2

natural science

physics

Materials

Identify multiple materials in objects

A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. Some objects are made of just one material. Most nails are made of metal. Other objects are made of more than one material. This hammer is made of metal and wood.

Look at the picture of the clothes hanger. The clothes hanger is made of two different materials. The hook is made of metal. The rest of the hanger is made of wood.

Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? Earth is the largest planet that is made mainly of rock.

[ "true", "false" ]

0

Use the data to answer the question below.

true-or false

grade6

natural science

earth-science

Astronomy

Analyze data to compare properties of planets

A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet. The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.

The table tells you that Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the planets made mainly of rock. Of these planets, Earth is the largest. So, Earth is the largest planet that is made mainly of rock.

Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

[ "attract", "repel" ]

0

Two magnets are placed as shown.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

physics

Magnets

Identify magnets that attract or repel

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S. If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.

To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other. Both poles of each magnet line up with both poles of the other magnet. The south pole of each magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.

Which country is highlighted?

[ "Kiribati", "Nauru", "the Marshall Islands", "Solomon Islands" ]

2

closed choice

grade7

social science

geography

Oceania: geography

Identify and select countries of Oceania

This country is the Marshall Islands. Does the Marshall Islands have any territorial disputes? The Marshall Islands claims to own Wake Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them. The United States claimed Wake Island in 1899 and has controlled it since then. But the Marshall Islands considers the island part of its territory. It says that its people have traveled to the island to gather food and resources for many years. Today, the island is mainly used by the U.S. Air Force.

Which ocean is highlighted?

[ "the Atlantic Ocean", "the Indian Ocean", "the Southern Ocean", "the Pacific Ocean" ]

3

closed choice

grade6

social science

geography

Physical Geography

Oceans and continents

Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.

This is the Pacific Ocean.

Which of the following could Darnell's test show?

[ "whether an inexpensive filter would become clogged more often", "whether the filter was clogged", "the amount of bacteria in the water before it was filtered" ]

1

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Darnell was . At the plant, an expensive filter was used to remove disease-causing bacteria from the water. But over time, the filter would become clogged with bacteria. If the filter became clogged, the water would not move through quickly enough. Darnell had to decide when the filter was too clogged and needed to be replaced. So, during his inspection, Darnell checked the filter by measuring how quickly water moved through it. Figure: an engineer at a water treatment plant.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

science-and-engineering-practices

Engineering practices

Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured. Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves. First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind. Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved. Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.

Which ocean is highlighted?

[ "the Atlantic Ocean", "the Indian Ocean", "the Arctic Ocean", "the Pacific Ocean" ]

0

closed choice

grade7

social science

geography

Physical Geography

Oceans and continents

Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.

This is the Atlantic Ocean.

What is the name of the colony shown?

[ "Massachusetts", "Rhode Island", "New Hampshire", "Vermont" ]

2

closed choice

grade5

social science

us-history

English colonies in North America

Identify the Thirteen Colonies

The colony is New Hampshire. During the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.

Which continent is highlighted?

[ "Australia", "North America", "South America", "Asia" ]

3

closed choice

grade3

social science

geography

Geography

Identify oceans and continents

A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth.

This continent is Asia.

Select the organism in the same species as the Indian rock python.

[ "Python molurus", "Lacerta agilis", "Nerodia cyclopion" ]

0

This organism is an Indian rock python. Its scientific name is Python molurus.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

biology

Scientific names

Use scientific names to classify organisms

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.

An Indian rock python's scientific name is Python molurus. Nerodia cyclopion does not have the same scientific name as an Indian rock python. So, Python molurus and Nerodia cyclopion are not in the same species. Python molurus has the same scientific name as an Indian rock python. So, these organisms are in the same species. Lacerta agilis does not have the same scientific name as an Indian rock python. So, Python molurus and Lacerta agilis are not in the same species.

What is the capital of Oklahoma?

[ "Boise", "Oklahoma City", "Little Rock", "Birmingham" ]

1

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Southeast

Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma.

Which country is highlighted?

[ "Haiti", "Cuba", "the Dominican Republic", "The Bahamas" ]

0

closed choice

grade6

social science

geography

The Americas: geography

Identify and select countries of the Caribbean

This country is Haiti. Does Haiti have any territorial disputes? Haiti claims to own Navassa Island, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them. Navassa Island is also claimed by the United States. The United States claimed the island in 1857 and has controlled it since then. But Haiti considers the island part of its territory and has protested the United States' claim since this time. No one lives on the island. Today, it is a nature preserve.

Which of the following could Rose's test show?

[ "if the new turbine could turn easily", "whether the new turbine could produce 10% more electricity", "how much the new turbine would weigh" ]

1

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Wind turbines use wind power to produce electricity. Rose was a materials engineer who designed wind turbines. She wanted to design a new turbine that would produce 10% more electricity than older wind turbines. She thought that a turbine made from lightweight material would turn more easily and produce more electricity. So, Rose created a computer model of a turbine made from lightweight material. Then she used the model to calculate how much more electricity the new turbine could produce compared to the older turbines. Figure: studying a wind turbine computer model.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

science-and-engineering-practices

Engineering practices

Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured. Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves. First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind. Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved. Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.

Which continent is highlighted?

[ "Africa", "North America", "South America", "Asia" ]

3

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

Oceans and continents

Identify oceans and continents

A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.

This continent is Asia.

Identify the question that Ronald's experiment can best answer.

[ "Do more bacteria grow in liquid with cinnamon than in liquid without cinnamon?", "Does temperature affect how much bacteria can grow in liquid?" ]

0

The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Ronald mixed bacteria into a nutrient-rich liquid where the bacteria could grow. He poured four ounces of the mixture into each of ten glass flasks. In five of the ten flasks, he also added one teaspoon of cinnamon. He allowed the bacteria in the flasks to grow overnight in a 37°C room. Then, Ronald used a microscope to count the number of bacteria in a small sample from each flask. He compared the amount of bacteria in the liquid with cinnamon to the amount of bacteria in the liquid without cinnamon. Figure: flasks of liquid for growing bacteria.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

science-and-engineering-practices

Designing experiments

Identify the experimental question

Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured. First, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested. Then, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured. Experiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height. Examples of questions that this experiment can answer include: Does soil type affect the height of daffodil plants? Do daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil? Are daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?

Which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles?

[ "Solution A", "Solution B", "neither; their concentrations are the same" ]

1

The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each pink ball represents one particle of solute.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

chemistry

Solutions

Compare concentrations of solutions

A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent

In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter. Solution B has more pink particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of pink particles.

What is the capital of Alabama?

[ "Montgomery", "Columbus", "Oklahoma City", "Birmingham" ]

0

closed choice

grade3

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Southeast

Montgomery is the capital of Alabama.

Which of these states is farthest east?

[ "Ohio", "New Jersey", "Kansas", "South Carolina" ]

1

closed choice

grade2

social science

geography

Geography

Read a map: cardinal directions

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. New Jersey is farthest east.

Select the organism in the same species as the purple heron.

[ "Caprimulgus europaeus", "Ardea purpurea", "Ardea herodias" ]

1

This organism is a purple heron. Its scientific name is Ardea purpurea.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

biology

Scientific names

Use scientific names to classify organisms

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.

A purple heron's scientific name is Ardea purpurea. Ardea purpurea is in the same genus as Ardea herodias, but they are not in the same species. Organisms in the same species have the same scientific names. Ardea purpurea and Ardea herodias are different species within the same genus. Caprimulgus europaeus does not have the same scientific name as a purple heron. So, Ardea purpurea and Caprimulgus europaeus are not in the same species. Ardea purpurea has the same scientific name as a purple heron. So, these organisms are in the same species.

What can Clara and Harry trade to each get what they want?

[ "Harry can trade his almonds for Clara's tomatoes.", "Clara can trade her tomatoes for Harry's carrots.", "Harry can trade his broccoli for Clara's oranges.", "Clara can trade her tomatoes for Harry's broccoli." ]

3

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Clara and Harry open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Clara nor Harry got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Clara's lunch Harry's lunch

closed choice

grade8

social science

economics

Basic economic principles

Trade and specialization

Look at the table and images. Clara wants broccoli. Harry wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.

What location was involved in the triangular trade?

[ "China", "the Thirteen Colonies" ]

1

By the 1700s, merchants in the Thirteen Colonies traded goods across the Atlantic Ocean in a pattern called triangular trade. Look at the map showing this trade. Then answer the question below.

closed choice

grade7

social science

us-history

The American Revolution

Causes of the American Revolution: introduction to mercantilism and the Navigation Acts

Look at the map. The arrows on the map show that goods moved to and from these locations: China was not involved in the triangular trade.

What type of rock is sandstone?

[ "igneous", "metamorphic", "sedimentary" ]

2

This is a piece of sandstone. Sandstone forms below the ground in places like deserts and beaches. This piece of rock shows dark and light layers. Sandstone forms from sand grains. Sand grains are tiny pieces of rock that are broken off by water, wind, or ice. Layers of sand can build up in some places. Over time, these layers can get compacted into sandstone.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

earth-science

Rocks and minerals

Classify rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic

Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens into solid rock. This type of change can occur at Earth's surface or below it. Sedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are pressed together, or compacted, to make rock. This type of change occurs below Earth's surface. Metamorphic rock is formed when a rock is changed by very high temperature and pressure. This type of change often occurs deep below Earth's surface. Over time, the old rock becomes a new rock with different properties.

Sandstone is a sedimentary rock. Like other sedimentary rocks, it forms from layers of sediment. Material that is eroded in nature is called sediment. Sand is a type of sediment. Over time, layers of sand can build up in places like deserts and beaches. The top layers press down on the bottom layers, squeezing out water and air. Sandstone forms when the bottom layers of sand are pressed together to form rock.

Based on the arrows, which of the following organisms is a producer?

[ "lichen", "barren-ground caribou" ]

0

Below is a food web from a tundra ecosystem in Nunavut, a territory in Northern Canada. A food web models how the matter eaten by organisms moves through an ecosystem. The arrows in a food web represent how matter moves between organisms in an ecosystem.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

biology

Ecosystems

Interpret food webs

A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating. An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web. An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.

Producers do not eat other organisms. So, in a food web, producers do not have arrows pointing to them from other organisms. The lichen does not have an arrow pointing to it. So, the lichen is a producer. The barren-ground caribou has an arrow pointing to it from the lichen. So, the barren-ground caribou is a consumer, not a producer.

Select the organism in the same species as the American alligator.

[ "Alligator sinensis", "Alligator mississippiensis", "Aequorea victoria" ]

1

This organism is an American alligator. Its scientific name is Alligator mississippiensis.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

biology

Classification and scientific names

Use scientific names to classify organisms

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.

An American alligator's scientific name is Alligator mississippiensis. Aequorea victoria does not have the same scientific name as an American alligator. So, Alligator mississippiensis and Aequorea victoria are not in the same species. Alligator mississippiensis is in the same genus as Alligator sinensis, but they are not in the same species. Organisms in the same species have the same scientific names. Alligator mississippiensis and Alligator sinensis are different species within the same genus. Alligator mississippiensis has the same scientific name as an American alligator. So, these organisms are in the same species.

Which term matches the picture?

[ "Cenozoic era", "Mesozoic era" ]

1

Read the text. Scientists divide the history of Earth into eras. Different types of animal life help distinguish these eras. We live in the Cenozoic era, which began roughly sixty-six million years ago. The Cenozoic era is known as the Age of Mammals because mammals, like humans, are the largest land animals. During the previous era, called the Mesozoic era, big reptiles, like dinosaurs, were the dominant animal species—it's nicknamed the Age of Reptiles. Some scientists believe that, at the end of the Mesozoic era, a large object from space collided with Earth, helping cause the mass extinction of the dinosaurs and ushering in the Age of Mammals.

closed choice

grade6

language science

vocabulary

Context clues

Determine the meaning of domain-specific words with pictures

The Mesozoic era is also known as the Age of Reptiles. During the Mesozoic era, reptiles like dinosaurs were the dominant animal species.

Select the mammal below.

[ "loon", "great white shark", "albatross", "Tasmanian devil" ]

3

Mammals have hair or fur and feed their young milk. Mammals are warm-blooded. Warm-blooded animals can control their body temperature. A koala is an example of a mammal.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

biology

Classification

Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.

A loon is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Loons usually live near lakes. They dive in the water to hunt for food. An albatross is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Albatrosses live near the ocean. They hunt squid, fish, and other small animals. A Tasmanian devil is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. Tasmanian devils are meat-eating marsupials. They live on the island of Tasmania, near Australia. A great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Great white sharks can live for up to 70 years.

Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? 75% of the planets are made mainly of rock.

[ "false", "true" ]

0

Use the data to answer the question below.

true-or false

grade7

natural science

earth-science

Astronomy

Analyze data to compare properties of planets

A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet. The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.

The table tells you that four out of the eight planets are made mainly of rock. So, one-half, or 50%, of the planets are made mainly of rock.

Is apple juice a solid or a liquid?

[ "a solid", "a liquid" ]

1

closed choice

grade2

natural science

physics

States of matter

Classify matter as solid or liquid

Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own. Some solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break. A glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid. When matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container. Think about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space. Juice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.

Apple juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour apple juice into a different container, the apple juice will take the shape of that container. But the apple juice will still take up the same amount of space.

What is the capital of Oklahoma?

[ "Tulsa", "Bridgeport", "Columbia", "Oklahoma City" ]

3

closed choice

grade3

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Southeast

Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma.

Which of the following was a dependent variable in this experiment?

[ "the number of bacteria in a drop of tea", "the amount of time that the tea sat on the desk" ]

0

The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and think about the variables that are described. Every day at work, Valentina poured a large cup of tea that she drank throughout the morning. She wondered how much bacteria might be growing in her cup of tea as the morning went on. To find out, Valentina filled three identical cups with tea and placed them on her desk for three hours. After the first hour, she placed a drop of the tea from each cup on a separate microscope slide and counted the number of bacteria in the drop. Valentina repeated this with each cup of tea after the second hour, and again after the third hour. Hint: An independent variable is a variable whose effect you are investigating. A dependent variable is a variable that you measure. Figure: using a microscope to count bacteria on a slide.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

science-and-engineering-practices

Designing experiments

Identify independent and dependent variables

Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato plants. Then, you add fertilizer to the soil of the plants in one group but not in the other group. Later, you measure the effect of the fertilizer by counting the number of tomatoes on each plant. In this experiment, the amount of fertilizer added to the soil and the number of tomatoes were both variables. The amount of fertilizer added to the soil was an independent variable because it was the variable whose effect you were investigating. This type of variable is called independent because its value does not depend on what happens after the experiment begins. Instead, you decided to give fertilizer to some plants and not to others. The number of tomatoes was a dependent variable because it was the variable you were measuring. This type of variable is called dependent because its value can depend on what happens in the experiment.

Which of the following could Tara and Rosanne's test show?

[ "if the concrete from each batch took the same amount of time to dry", "if a new batch of concrete was firm enough to use" ]

1

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Tara and Rosanne were making batches of concrete for a construction project. To make the concrete, they mixed together dry cement powder, gravel, and water. Then, they checked if each batch was firm enough using a test called a slump test. They poured some of the fresh concrete into an upside-down metal cone. They left the concrete in the metal cone for 30 seconds. Then, they lifted the cone to see if the concrete stayed in a cone shape or if it collapsed. If the concrete in a batch collapsed, they would know the batch should not be used. Figure: preparing a concrete slump test.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

science-and-engineering-practices

Engineering practices

Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured. Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves. First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind. Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved. Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.

Which ocean is highlighted?

[ "the Southern Ocean", "the Indian Ocean", "the Atlantic Ocean", "the Pacific Ocean" ]

3

closed choice

grade6

social science

geography

Physical Geography

Oceans and continents

Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.

This is the Pacific Ocean.

Select the reptile below.

[ "clownfish", "helmeted iguana" ]

1

Reptiles have scaly, waterproof skin. Most reptiles live on land. A coral snake is an example of a reptile.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

biology

Classification

Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.

A clownfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Clownfish live with animals called anemones. In the image of the clownfish, you can see the green anemone behind the clownfish. A helmeted iguana is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Iguanas are a type of lizard. Iguanas eat plants and fruit.

Which statement best describes the average monthly precipitation in Atlanta?

[ "February is wetter than March.", "Atlanta has a rainy season and a dry season.", "Precipitation does not change much from month to month in Atlanta." ]

2

Use the graph to answer the question below.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

earth-science

Weather and climate

Use climate data to make predictions

Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location. A bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.

To describe the average precipitation trends in Atlanta, look at the graph. Choice "Feb" is incorrect. Choice "Mar" is incorrect. Choice "Atlanta has a rainy season and a dry season." is incorrect. The average monthly precipitation does not change much throughout the year. Every month has rain, and there is no dry season. Choice "February is wetter than March." is incorrect. Wetter months have a higher average precipitation than drier months. February has a slightly lower average monthly precipitation than March. So, February is not wetter than March. Choice "Precipitation does not change much from month to month in Atlanta." is incorrect. The average monthly precipitation changes only slightly throughout the year.

Which trait did this aurochs have? Select the trait you can observe on the fossil.

[ "four legs", "a striped body" ]

0

This picture shows a fossil of an animal called an aurochs. The aurochs was hunted by humans and went extinct around 1627. The oldest aurochs fossils are about 2,000,000 years old.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

earth-science

Fossils

Compare fossils to modern organisms

The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait. Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms. Fossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities. A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like. A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior. Here are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them: This is a fossil of an animal. This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell. This is a fossil of a plant. This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern. This is a fossil of an animal's footprint. This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land. An organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits. This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation. When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved.

Which trait do African wild dogs have?

[ "They live in packs with thousands of other African wild dogs.", "They have four legs." ]

1

This picture shows two African wild dogs. African wild dogs live in groups called packs. Between 3 and 20 adult African wild dogs live together in a pack.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

literacy-in-science

Animals

Benefits of group behavior: African wild dogs

Both the picture and the text tell you about the traits of African wild dogs. Start with the picture. These African wild dogs have black, brown, and white fur. They also have four legs and two ears. Next, read the text about African wild dogs. African wild dogs live in groups called packs. Between 3 and 20 adult African wild dogs live together in a pack. African wild dogs do live in groups. But the groups are not made up of thousands of dogs.

Which material is this door made of?

[ "wool", "metal" ]

1

closed choice

grade3

natural science

physics

Materials

Identify multiple materials in objects

A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. Some objects are made of just one material. Most nails are made of metal. Other objects are made of more than one material. This hammer is made of metal and wood.

Look at the picture of the door. This door is made of two different materials. The body of the door is made of wood. The door knob is made of metal. Not all doors are made of wood. The body of a door can be made of metal or even glass.

Which continent is highlighted?

[ "Australia", "South America", "North America", "Europe" ]

1

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

Oceans and continents

Identify oceans and continents

A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.

This continent is South America.

Which of these continents does the prime meridian intersect?

[ "North America", "Africa", "South America" ]

1

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

Maps

Use lines of latitude and longitude

Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps. Lines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0° latitude. We start counting degrees from there. Lines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator. Lines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0° longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles. The equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180°E and 180°W. Together, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.

The prime meridian is the line at 0° longitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect North America or South America.

Which is this organism's common name?

[ "marine file snake", "Acrochordus granulatus" ]

0

This organism is a marine file snake. It is also called Acrochordus granulatus.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

biology

Classification and scientific names

Identify common and scientific names

An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know. An organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English. Scientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.

Acrochordus granulatus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name. Acrochordus granulatus is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that marine file snake is the common name.

Which solution has a higher concentration of green particles?

[ "Solution B", "neither; their concentrations are the same", "Solution A" ]

1

The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each green ball represents one particle of solute.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

chemistry

Solutions

Compare concentrations of solutions

A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent

In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter. Solution A and Solution B have the same number of green particles per milliliter. So, their concentrations are the same.

Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?

[ "weather", "climate" ]

0

Figure: Nepal. A group of climbers were happy about the warm temperatures during their hike last Thursday. They were hiking in Nepal, which is home to Mount Everest. Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

earth-science

Weather and climate

Weather and climate around the world

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.

Read the passage carefully. A group of climbers were happy about the warm temperatures during their hike last Thursday. They were hiking in Nepal, which is home to Mount Everest. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the temperature in Nepal last Thursday. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.

Which country is highlighted?

[ "Dominica", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Jamaica", "Barbados" ]

2

closed choice

grade8

social science

geography

The Americas: geography

Identify and select countries of the Caribbean

This country is Jamaica.

What is the capital of New Jersey?

[ "Trenton", "Honolulu", "Jersey City", "Hartford" ]

0

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Northeast

Trenton is the capital of New Jersey.

Is the water in a fishbowl a solid, a liquid, or a gas?

[ "a liquid", "a gas", "a solid" ]

0

closed choice

grade3

natural science

physics

States of matter

Classify matter as solid, liquid, or gas

Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own. Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid. When matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle. Some liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk. When matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space. Many gases are invisible. Air is a gas.

The water in a fishbowl is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour water from a fishbowl into a different container, the water will take the shape of that container. But the water will still take up the same amount of space.

Which state is highlighted?

[ "Texas", "Oklahoma", "Virginia", "Georgia" ]

2

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

States

Identify states of the Southeast

This state is Virginia.

Which term matches the picture?

[ "analogous structures", "homologous structure" ]

1

Read the text. Biologists can look at how related two animals are by comparing their body parts, or structures. Analogous structures are parts with the same purpose but with different structures, like a fin and a flipper. Different species may develop analogous structures when they live in similar environments even if they aren't closely related. Homologous structures, however, may show that species are related by indicating they have common ancestors. A whale is a mammal, which makes it more closely related to a bear than to a fish, and a whale's flipper has bones like those in a bear's paw. Though they are different shapes and sizes, the arrangement of bones is similar.

closed choice

grade8

language science

word-study

Domain-specific vocabulary

Determine the meaning of domain-specific words with pictures

Homologous structures have the same basic parts and suggest different species shared a common ancestor. A person's arm and a frog's arm are both made of a similar set of bones, even though the bones within a frog's arm are differently sized and shaped than those in a human's.

Earth's organisms rely on the atmosphere for which of the following?

[ "stable temperatures", "sunlight" ]

0

Read the text. Then answer the question. Earth is surrounded by a layer of gases called the atmosphere. The gases that make up the atmosphere sustain life on Earth. Living organisms take in and release some of these gases. Gases in the atmosphere also help insulate Earth from extreme temperatures and block some harmful forms of sunlight.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

earth-science

Climate change

The greenhouse effect

Read the text carefully. The underlined text below shows information about each answer choice. Earth is surrounded by a layer of gases called the atmosphere. The gases that make up the atmosphere sustain life on Earth. Living organisms take in and release some of these gases. Gases in the atmosphere also help insulate Earth from extreme temperatures and block some harmful forms of sunlight. Earth's atmosphere contains many different gases, including oxygen and carbon dioxide. These gases are both taken in and released by living organisms. Animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Plants use carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis. Some of the gases that make up the atmosphere also insulate Earth, helping to maintain its stable temperatures. While many gases interact with sunlight, Earth's atmosphere does not provide sunlight.

Which of the following fossils is younger? Select the more likely answer.

[ "ginkgo leaf", "insect" ]

1

This diagram shows fossils in an undisturbed sedimentary rock sequence.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

earth-science

Fossils

Compare ages of fossils in a rock sequence

A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities. Fossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers. The relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers.

Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram. Compare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is younger: The insect fossil is in a shallower layer in the rock sequence than the ginkgo leaf fossil. So, the insect fossil is most likely younger than the ginkgo leaf fossil.

Which country is highlighted?

[ "Tuvalu", "the Marshall Islands", "Kiribati", "Nauru" ]

2

closed choice

grade6

social science

geography

Oceania: geography

Identify and select countries of Oceania

This country is Kiribati.

Which continent is highlighted?

[ "Africa", "North America", "South America", "Europe" ]

0

closed choice

grade7

social science

geography

Physical Geography

Oceans and continents

A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.

This continent is Africa.

Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance.

[ "cyclopropane", "chloroform", "nitrogen" ]

2

closed choice

grade6

natural science

chemistry

Atoms and molecules

Identify elementary substances and compounds using models

There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you. A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds. Every chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl. Scientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride. In a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[ "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2.", "The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.", "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1." ]

2

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

physics

Magnets

Compare strengths of magnetic forces

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.

Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker. The magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

What is the name of the colony shown?

[ "Georgia", "Rhode Island", "Pennsylvania", "Iowa" ]

2

closed choice

grade8

social science

us-history

Colonial America

Identify the Thirteen Colonies

The colony is Pennsylvania.

What is the capital of Idaho?

[ "Olympia", "Saint Louis", "Cincinnati", "Boise" ]

3

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the West

Boise is the capital of Idaho.

Identify the question that Zach's experiment can best answer.

[ "Can pennies hold more drops of water mixed with dish soap or water mixed with hand soap?", "Can pennies hold more drops of pure water or water mixed with hand soap?" ]

1

The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Zach used a dropper to put equal-sized drops of pure water, one at a time, onto a penny. The drops stayed together and formed a dome on the penny's surface. Zach recorded the number of drops he could add before the water spilled over the edge of the penny. Then, he rinsed and dried the penny, and repeated the test using water mixed with hand soap. He repeated these trials on nine additional pennies. Zach compared the average number of pure water drops to the average number of water drops mixed with hand soap that he could add to a penny before the water spilled over. Figure: a dome of water on the surface of a penny.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

science-and-engineering-practices

Designing experiments

Identify the experimental question

Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured. First, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested. Then, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured. Experiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height. Examples of questions that this experiment can answer include: Does soil type affect the height of daffodil plants? Do daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil? Are daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?

During this time, thermal energy was transferred from () to ().

[ "the surroundings . . . each cake", "each cake . . . the surroundings" ]

1

Keenan baked two identical cakes. When he took them out of the oven, he left one cake in its pan and took the other cake out of its pan to put it on a plate. This table shows how the temperature of each cake changed over 5minutes.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

physics

Thermal energy

Compare thermal energy transfers

A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy: An increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings. A decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.

The temperature of each cake decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each cake decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each cake to the surroundings.

In this food chain, the yucca moth is a consumer. Why?

[ "It makes its own food.", "It eats another living thing." ]

1

This diagram shows a food chain from a desert ecosystem in Southern California.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

biology

Ecosystems

Identify roles in food chains

Every living thing needs food to stay alive. Living things get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how living things in an ecosystem get their food. Producers make their own food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. This sugar is food for the producer. Consumers eat other living things. Consumers cannot make their own food.

In this food chain, the yucca moth is a consumer because it eats another living thing. The yucca moth in this food chain eats the Mojave yucca.

Which fish's mouth is also adapted for tearing through meat?

[ "starry moray", "copperband butterflyfish" ]

0

Piranhas eat mostly fish. The 's mouth is adapted to tear through meat. Figure: piranha.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

biology

Adaptations

Animal adaptations: beaks, mouths, and necks

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.

Look at the picture of the piranha. The piranha has large, sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat. The piranha uses its teeth to cut up meat into pieces it can swallow. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The starry moray has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is adapted for tearing through meat. The copperband butterflyfish has a small, narrow mouth. Its mouth is not adapted for tearing through meat.

Which property matches this object?

[ "transparent", "bouncy" ]

0

Select the better answer.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

physics

Materials

Identify properties of an object

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.

Look at the object. Think about each property. A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The glass bottle is not bouncy. You can see clearly through a transparent object. The glass bottle is transparent.

Which better describes the Jardines de la Reina National Park ecosystem?

[ "It has bright sunlight. It also has shallow water.", "It has water with not much salt. It also has only a few types of organisms." ]

0

Figure: Jardines de la Reina National Park. Jardines de la Reina National Park is a tropical coral reef ecosystem near the southern coast of Cuba.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

biology

Ecosystems

Describe ecosystems

An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil or water the organisms that live there

A tropical coral reef is a type of ecosystem. Tropical coral reefs have the following features: shallow, salty water, bright sunlight, and many different types of organisms. So, Jardines de la Reina National Park has bright sunlight. It also has shallow water.

Is the air inside a bubble a solid, a liquid, or a gas?

[ "a liquid", "a gas", "a solid" ]

1

closed choice

grade3

natural science

physics

States of matter

Classify matter as solid, liquid, or gas

Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own. Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid. When matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle. Some liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk. When matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space. Many gases are invisible. Air is a gas.

The air inside a bubble is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a bubble fills all the space in the bubble. If the bubble pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.

Which country is highlighted?

[ "Dominica", "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Jamaica", "the Dominican Republic" ]

3

closed choice

grade7

social science

geography

The Americas: geography

Identify and select countries of the Caribbean

This country is the Dominican Republic. Why does the Dominican Republic share its island with another country? The Dominican Republic and Haiti share the island of Hispaniola. It is home to the earliest European settlements in the Americas. Christopher Columbus founded the first European settlement on the island in 1492 during his first voyage across the Atlantic. Though many people lived on the island before Columbus's arrival, European countries quickly began to colonize the island. Eventually France and Spain both established colonies. The Spanish colony eventually became the country of the Dominican Republic, and the French colony eventually became the country of Haiti. Today, people in the two countries speak different languages and have many cultural differences.

What is the name of the colony shown?

[ "Virginia", "Delaware", "Georgia", "West Virginia" ]

0

closed choice

grade8

social science

us-history

Colonial America

Identify the Thirteen Colonies

The colony is Virginia. The Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony.

Which of these cities is marked on the map?

[ "Nashville", "Houston", "Charlotte", "New Orleans" ]

1

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

Cities

Cities of the Southeast

The city is Houston, Texas. Nashville, New Orleans, and Charlotte are marked with gray circles on the map below.

Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance.

[ "oxygen", "bromomethane", "methane" ]

0

closed choice

grade6

natural science

chemistry

Atoms and molecules

Identify elementary substances and compounds using models

There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you. A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds. Every chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl. Scientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride. In a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.

Which property do these three objects have in common?

[ "blue", "sticky", "fuzzy" ]

2

Select the best answer.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

physics

Materials

Compare properties of objects

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. Blue is a color. This color is blue. The kiwi and the stuffed dice are not blue. A fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. All three objects are fuzzy. A sticky object can attach or stick to other things. The socks and the stuffed dice are not sticky. The property that all three objects have in common is fuzzy.

Complete the sentence. The word "antebellum" means ().

[ "after the long peace", "before the war", "after the election", "before the feast" ]

1

The time period in United States history between 1820 and 1861 is often called the antebellum period. During the antebellum period, the North and South became more divided. In the following questions, you learn more about the changes that happened during the antebellum period. The following table shows other words that use the Latin root words ante and bellum. Look at the table. Then complete the text below.

closed choice

grade8

social science

us-history

The Antebellum period

Causes of the Civil War: Missouri Compromise to Bleeding Kansas

Look at the underlined parts of the table. All the words that use the root "ante" mean to come before something else. So, the root ante means "before." All the words that use the root "bellum" mean to fight or cause war.So, the root bellum means "war." So, the word "antebellum" means "before the war." The antebellum period is named for the war that followed it: the Civil War.

Is fruit punch a solid, a liquid, or a gas?

[ "a solid", "a liquid", "a gas" ]

1

closed choice

grade3

natural science

physics

States of matter

Classify matter as solid, liquid, or gas

Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own. Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid. When matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle. Some liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk. When matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space. Many gases are invisible. Air is a gas.

Fruit punch is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour fruit punch into a cup, the punch will take the shape of the cup. But the punch will still take up the same amount of space.

What is the capital of Washington?

[ "Spokane", "Seattle", "Olympia", "Phoenix" ]

2

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the West

Olympia is the capital of Washington.

Which statement describes the Tibetan Plateau ecosystem?

[ "It has warm summers and cool winters.", "It has soil that is frozen year-round." ]

1

Figure: Tibetan Plateau. The Tibetan Plateau is a tundra ecosystem located in Tibet, western China, and northern India. The plateau is over 14,800 feet high and is surrounded by many mountain ranges.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

biology

Ecosystems

Describe ecosystems

An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment. There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil the organisms that live there

A tundra is a type of ecosystem. Tundras have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. So, the following statements describe the Tibetan Plateau ecosystem: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has soil that is frozen year-round. It has mostly small plants. The following statement does not describe the Tibetan Plateau: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has warm summers and cool winters.

Which property do these three objects have in common?

[ "stretchy", "rough", "bouncy" ]

1

Select the best answer.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

physics

Materials

Compare properties of objects

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. All three objects are rough. A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The rock and the tree bark are not stretchy. A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The tree bark and the velcro are not bouncy. The property that all three objects have in common is rough.

Which property do these three objects have in common?

[ "bouncy", "hard", "stretchy" ]

1

Select the best answer.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

physics

Materials

Compare properties of objects

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. All three objects are hard. A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. None of the objects are stretchy. A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. None of the objects are bouncy. The property that all three objects have in common is hard.

Identify the question that Natalie's experiment can best answer.

[ "Does fabric turn darker when soaked in a mixture of black dye and water for 15 minutes compared to 30 minutes?", "Does linen fabric turn darker than cotton fabric when soaked in a mixture of black dye and water?" ]

1

The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Natalie prepared ten buckets, each with one gallon of boiling water and three tablespoons of black fabric dye. Natalie soaked white linen fabric squares in five of the buckets, and white cotton fabric squares in the other five buckets. All of the fabric squares were soaked for 15 minutes. After the fabric dried, Natalie scored the darkness of the squares on a scale from light to dark. She compared the darkness of the linen fabric to the darkness of the cotton fabric. Figure: fabric that has been dyed black.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

science-and-engineering-practices

Designing experiments

Identify the experimental question

Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment. Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was grown in sandy soil, and the other was grown in clay soil. Then, the height of each plant was measured. First, identify the part of the experiment that was tested. The part of an experiment that is tested usually involves the part of the experimental setup that is different or changed. In the experiment described above, each group of plants was grown in a different type of soil. So, the effect of growing plants in different soil types was tested. Then, identify the part of the experiment that was measured. The part of the experiment that is measured may include measurements and calculations. In the experiment described above, the heights of the plants in each group were measured. Experiments can answer questions about how the part of the experiment that is tested affects the part that is measured. So, the experiment described above can answer questions about how soil type affects plant height. Examples of questions that this experiment can answer include: Does soil type affect the height of daffodil plants? Do daffodil plants in sandy soil grow taller than daffodil plants in clay soil? Are daffodil plants grown in sandy soil shorter than daffodil plants grown in clay soil?

Select the organism in the same genus as the axolotl.

[ "Python reticulatus", "Tigrisoma mexicanum", "Ambystoma opacum" ]

2

This organism is an axolotl. Its scientific name is Ambystoma mexicanum.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

biology

Scientific names

Use scientific names to classify organisms

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.

An axolotl's scientific name is Ambystoma mexicanum. The first word of its scientific name is Ambystoma. Python reticulatus is in the genus Python. The first word of its scientific name is Python. So, Python reticulatus and Ambystoma mexicanum are not in the same genus. Ambystoma opacum is in the genus Ambystoma. The first word of its scientific name is Ambystoma. So, Ambystoma opacum and Ambystoma mexicanum are in the same genus. Tigrisoma mexicanum and Ambystoma mexicanum are not in the same genus. These organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Tigrisoma mexicanum and Ambystoma mexicanum have the same species name within their genus, mexicanum. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Tigrisoma mexicanum is in the genus Tigrisoma, and Ambystoma mexicanum is in the genus Ambystoma.

Which continent is highlighted?

[ "Australia", "Antarctica", "South America", "Asia" ]

0

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

Oceans and continents

Identify oceans and continents

A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.

This continent is Australia.

What can Bryce and Victor trade to each get what they want?

[ "Victor can trade his broccoli for Bryce's oranges.", "Bryce can trade his tomatoes for Victor's broccoli.", "Victor can trade his almonds for Bryce's tomatoes.", "Bryce can trade his tomatoes for Victor's carrots." ]

1

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Bryce and Victor open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Bryce nor Victor got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Bryce's lunch Victor's lunch

closed choice

grade7

social science

economics

Basic economic principles

Trade and specialization

Look at the table and images. Bryce wants broccoli. Victor wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.

Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?

[ "sample A", "sample B", "neither; the samples have the same temperature" ]

1

The diagrams below show two pure samples of gas in identical closed, rigid containers. Each colored ball represents one gas particle. Both samples have the same number of particles.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

physics

Particle motion and energy

Identify how particle motion affects temperature and pressure

The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.

The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A. Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.

Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance.

[ "bromomethane", "trichlorofluoromethane", "tetraphosphorus" ]

2

closed choice

grade6

natural science

chemistry

Atoms and molecules

Identify elementary substances and compounds using models

There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you. A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds. Every chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl. Scientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride. In a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.

Which of these continents does the equator intersect?

[ "North America", "Africa", "Europe" ]

1

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

Maps

Use lines of latitude and longitude

Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps. Lines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0° latitude. We start counting degrees from there. Lines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator. Lines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0° longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles. The equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180°E and 180°W. Together, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.

The equator is the line at 0° latitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect Europe or North America.

Which continent is highlighted?

[ "Europe", "Asia", "Australia", "South America" ]

0

closed choice

grade8

social science

geography

Physical Geography

Oceans and continents

A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.

This continent is Europe.

Which property do these three objects have in common?

[ "shiny", "bumpy", "bouncy" ]

2

Select the best answer.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

physics

Materials

Compare properties of objects

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. All three objects are bouncy. A shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The basketball is not shiny. A bumpy object is covered in lumps and bumps. The rubber ball is not bumpy. The property that all three objects have in common is bouncy.