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15824604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevry%2C%20Manche | Chevry, Manche | Chevry () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Moyon Villages.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche | Chevry, Manche [SEP] Chevry () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Moyon Villages.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15824606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushmataha%20Area%20Council | Pushmataha Area Council | The Pushmataha Area Council is part of the Boy Scouts of America. It renders service to Scout units in ten counties of North Mississippi, providing skills training and character development to boys and girls between the ages of 5 and 18. The council also serves boys and girls between the ages of 14 and 21 through Venturing Crews and Explorer posts.
In 2007, 24 Eagle Scout ranks were earned in the Pushmataha Area Council, and 20 Scouts earned the God and Country Award.
History
The Pushmataha Area Council (#691) was established by the Boy Scouts of America in June, 1925. The council was originally named the East Mississippi Council (#691), but this name was changed in 1929 to honor Chief Pushmataha of the Choctaw tribe.
Chief Pushmataha once told a group of chiefs that he was not born, but instead stepped, full grown and dressed for battle, from the split in a tree that had been struck by lightning. This story has been incorporated into the Pushmataha Area Council Shoulder Patch shown above. The patch shows a full-grown Pushmataha emerging from a tree struck by lightning. Camp Seminole has a sign on its grounds noting the tree from which Pushmataha supposedly appeared.
In 1925, the headquarters of the council was in West Point, Mississippi, on Main Street. In 1960s, the council office was moved to its current location at 420 31st Avenue North, Columbus, Mississippi.
The Pushmataha Area Council is one of the smallest Boy Scout councils in America. It is not unusual for other councils to have districts larger than the entire Pushmataha Area Council.
In 1950, the council erected a miniature Statue of Liberty in the middle of downtown Columbus, Mississippi, as part of a national effort in the Boy Scouts to erect 200 of these statues. Fewer than 100 of these statues still exist, and even fewer exist intact. The Pushmataha Area Council statue is one of the few intact ones that exist today.
When fully staffed with professionals, the Pushmataha Area Council has a Scout Executive, two District Executives, and a full-time Camp Ranger. One District Executive resigned in 2007, and the Executive Board of the council did not hire a replacement for the position. The Camp Ranger resigned in the spring of 2009, and the camp is currently (2010) served by a part-time, volunteer, interim Camp Ranger. The second District Executive resigned in the early fall of 2009, and the council Executive Board did not hire anyone fill that position. The Scout Executive announced in November, 2009 that he was resigning, and as of April, 2010, the Scout Executive position is still vacant. The BSA Regional Director is acting as the official Scout Executive for the council until one is hired. The Regional Director is in another state, and is not present to oversee day-to-day operations of the council. The council is being operated by a small corps of volunteers, and the 2010 FOS campaigns are being run by volunteers with no professional guidance or assistance.
The Council President, George Purnell, has been in office for six years. All previous council presidents (1925–2004) served a maximum of three years.
Districts
When the council began, each town with a Scout troop was its own District. For example, troops in Columbus, Mississippi were in the Columbus District. Later the council evolved into having three districts, the Running Bear District, the Talking Warrior District, and the Tombigbee District. In 1990s, these three districts were reorganized to create two new districts, the Choctaw District and the Chickasaw District.
The Choctaw District covers five counties: Clay, Lowndes, Oktibbeha, Webster, and Noxubee.
The Chickasaw District also covers five counties: Monroe, Winston, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Calhoun.
Events
The Pushmataha Area Council hosts numerous events each year. These include:
Eagle Recognition Banquet (early spring)
Council Pinewood Derby (spring)
Summer Camp (June)
Cub Scout Day Camp (June)
Webelos Resident Camp (June)
Cub Scout Leader Specific Training (September — March)
Boy Scout Leader Training (late fall)
Wood Badge Training (bi-annually)
MSU Scout Football Day (fall)
MSU Scout Baseball Day (spring)
Cub Scout Family Weekend (semi-annually)
Tiger Leader Training (fall)
Funding
The Pushmataha Area Council is funded by donations made by civic organizations, businesses, and individuals. Several different United Way groups contribute to the council, and most United way funding has remained strong. United way of Oktibbeha County is an exception, as they have cut their funding to the council by over half in recent years. The Pushmataha Area Council is a 501(c) non-profit organization.
Service
Through the Cub Scouting, Boy Scouting, and Venturing programs, the Pushmataha Area Council serves youth ages 6 through 21. The council offers Learning for Life, a character education program used by local schools. Explorer posts in the council offer vocation-oriented experience to teenage boys and girls in the council's ten county area.
Camp Seminole
The original council camp was Camp Pine Springs, in Monroe County, located along the Buttahatchie River north of Columbus, Mississippi. Camp Palila, located in Louisville, Mississippi, became the council camp in 1953. Camp Palila served as the council camp for thirty years prior to 1980. The state of Mississippi had leased the land to the council, but the legislature failed to complete the new lease before the original lease ended. The land used for Camp Palila reverted to control of the state, and is now Legion State Park.
The current council camp for the Pushmataha Area Council is Camp Seminole, about five miles north of Starkville, Mississippi. Camp Seminole hosts, among other activities, council summer camps, Cub Scout campouts, leadership training sessions, Wood Badge courses, and Order of the Arrow events. Camp Seminole was named for Seminole Manufacturing of Columbus, Mississippi, which donated significant financial support toward the camp's construction.
History
Camp Seminole was built on of land purchased by the Pushmataha Area Council in 1982. The need for building the camp came about when the lease on the previous council camp (Camp Palila) expired, and the Mississippi legislature did not renew the lease.
A Brownsea-22 training course was held on the grounds of the new camp in 1982, before any structures or other improvements had been made. Several council camporees were conducted on the grounds before Camp Seminole was fully operational.
In June 1986, Camp Seminole was declared officially "open" when the Pushmataha Area Council summer camp was held there for the first time.
Facilities
Camp Seminole has a dining hall that seats 200 people, a lake, nine camp sites, a C.O.P.E. Lodge, an activity field, a shooting sports arena, an obstacle course, numerous open shelters, an environmental center, the Chakchiuma Nature Trail, a trading post, and the Nita Chito Scout Museum.
Roads on the camp are mainly of red clay gravel construction.
Activities
Camp Seminole is primarily a Boy Scout camp, and is used for camporees, summer camps, Scout leader training, Cub Scout campouts, and other Boy scout related events.
The camp is also used to house Habitat for Humanity volunteers, for land navigation training by local National Guard and R.O.T.C. units, for Mississippi Hunter Safety Education Training, for Red Cross CPR and First Aid Training sessions, and other community and civic events.
Topography
The grounds of Camp Seminole average above sea level.
Climate
The climate at Camp Seminole is considered temperate. Winter temperatures rarely drop below freezing, and summer temperatures reach their peak in July and August, when it can reach 95-100 degrees Fahrenheit (35-38 degrees Celsius). The rainy season is early December through late March. Rainfall averages 62" annually.
Watonala Lodge
The Order of the Arrow is represented by the Watonala Lodge. It supports the Scouting programs of the council through leadership, camping, and service.
History
On September 1, 1939, five adult Boy Scout leaders from the Pushmataha Area Council attended an Order of the Arrow Area Fellowship in Birmingham, Alabama, and learned about the purpose and mission of the Order. Upon returning to the Pushmataha Area Council, an application for a charter was submitted to the National Order of the Arrow office. The initial charter was issued in the latter part of September, 1939.
When the initial charter was issued, it was issued in the name of the local council, as Pushmataha Lodge. In January, 1942, Pushmataha Lodge chose its Native American name, Watonala Lodge. In the Choctaw language, Watonala means "white egret", or "white water bird".
The first lodge event was held in the spring of 1940 at the Natchez Trace Game Preserve, near Houston, Mississippi. Lodge membership began to grow, as new Arrowmen were inducted during each council camporee. Membership slowed considerably during World War II, but resumed its pre-war growth during the few years immediately following World War II.
The founding of Watonala Lodge in 1939 is well documented, although there is an oral history that places the origin of the lodge ten years earlier, in 1929.
Service
Watonala Lodge devotes much of its service time to development and maintenance of their home camp, Camp Seminole, which is located five miles north of Starkville, Mississippi. The lodge also publishes an online "Where To Go Camping Guide" at www.Watonala.Org, aimed at helping other Boy Scouts and the general public find good places to camp, canoe, and hike.
Memorabilia
The dominant theme of most Watonala patches and memorabilia is its totem, the white egret. The totem is usually shown in profile, facing the viewer's left, and headed upward in flight. There are numerous variations of this design, with the totem image varying slightly with each new patch issue. The lodge issues a new lodge flap every two or three years, and sometimes issues specific patches for OA events, such as Conclave, National Order of the Arrow Conference (NOAC ), and service events.
Compared to many OA lodges, Watonala Lodge has always been comparatively small in membership numbers. This is due largely to being in a rural council having only ten counties. Because of smaller membership, the quantity of Watonala memorabilia available is usually smaller than most OA lodges.
See also
Scouting in Mississippi
Replicas of the Statue of Liberty
References
Watonala Lodge Home Page
Watonala's Where To Go Camping Guide
Watonala Documented History
Pushmataha Area Council
Unbound manuscripts, Nita Chito Scout Museum
Scouting In Oktibbeha County, unpublished manuscript
Local councils of the Boy Scouts of America
Southern Region (Boy Scouts of America)
Youth organizations based in Mississippi
1925 establishments in Mississippi | Pushmataha Area Council [SEP] The Pushmataha Area Council is part of the Boy Scouts of America. It renders service to Scout units in ten counties of North Mississippi, providing skills training and character development to boys and girls between the ages of 5 and 18. The council also serves boys and girls between the ages of 14 and 21 through Venturing Crews and Explorer posts.
In 2007, 24 Eagle Scout ranks were earned in the Pushmataha Area Council, and 20 Scouts earned the God and Country Award.
History
The Pushmataha Area Council (#691) was established by the Boy Scouts of America in June, 1925. The council was originally named the East Mississippi Council (#691), but this name was changed in 1929 to honor Chief Pushmataha of the Choctaw tribe.
Chief Pushmataha once told a group of chiefs that he was not born, but instead stepped, full grown and dressed for battle, from the split in a tree that had been struck by lightning. This story has been incorporated into the Pushmataha Area Council Shoulder Patch shown above. The patch shows a full-grown Pushmataha emerging from a tree struck by lightning. Camp Seminole has a sign on its grounds noting the tree from which Pushmataha supposedly appeared.
In 1925, the headquarters of the council was in West Point, Mississippi, on Main Street. In 1960s, the council office was moved to its current location at 420 31st Avenue North, Columbus, Mississippi.
The Pushmataha Area Council is one of the smallest Boy Scout councils in America. It is not unusual for other councils to have districts larger than the entire Pushmataha Area Council.
In 1950, the council erected a miniature Statue of Liberty in the middle of downtown Columbus, Mississippi, as part of a national effort in the Boy Scouts to erect 200 of these statues. Fewer than 100 of these statues still exist, and even fewer exist intact. The Pushmataha Area Council statue is one of the few intact ones that exist today.
When fully staffed with professionals, the Pushmataha Area Council has a Scout Executive, two District Executives, and a full-time Camp Ranger. One District Executive resigned in 2007, and the Executive Board of the council did not hire a replacement for the position. The Camp Ranger resigned in the spring of 2009, and the camp is currently (2010) served by a part-time, volunteer, interim Camp Ranger. The second District Executive resigned in the early fall of 2009, and the council Executive Board did not hire anyone fill that position. The Scout Executive announced in November, 2009 that he was resigning, and as of April, 2010, the Scout Executive position is still vacant. The BSA Regional Director is acting as the official Scout Executive for the council until one is hired. The Regional Director is in another state, and is not present to oversee day-to-day operations of the council. The council is being operated by a small corps of volunteers, and the 2010 FOS campaigns are being run by volunteers with no professional guidance or assistance.
The Council President, George Purnell, has been in office for six years. All previous council presidents (1925–2004) served a maximum of three years.
Districts
When the council began, each town with a Scout troop was its own District. For example, troops in Columbus, Mississippi were in the Columbus District. Later the council evolved into having three districts, the Running Bear District, the Talking Warrior District, and the Tombigbee District. In 1990s, these three districts were reorganized to create two new districts, the Choctaw District and the Chickasaw District.
The Choctaw District covers five counties: Clay, Lowndes, Oktibbeha, Webster, and Noxubee.
The Chickasaw District also covers five counties: Monroe, Winston, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Calhoun.
Events
The Pushmataha Area Council hosts numerous events each year. These include:
Eagle Recognition Banquet (early spring)
Council Pinewood Derby (spring)
Summer Camp (June)
Cub Scout Day Camp (June)
Webelos Resident Camp (June)
Cub Scout Leader Specific Training (September — March)
Boy Scout Leader Training (late fall)
Wood Badge Training (bi-annually)
MSU Scout Football Day (fall)
MSU Scout Baseball Day (spring)
Cub Scout Family Weekend (semi-annually)
Tiger Leader Training (fall)
Funding
The Pushmataha Area Council is funded by donations made by civic organizations, businesses, and individuals. Several different United Way groups contribute to the council, and most United way funding has remained strong. United way of Oktibbeha County is an exception, as they have cut their funding to the council by over half in recent years. The Pushmataha Area Council is a 501(c) non-profit organization.
Service
Through the Cub Scouting, Boy Scouting, and Venturing programs, the Pushmataha Area Council serves youth ages 6 through 21. The council offers Learning for Life, a character education program used by local schools. Explorer posts in the council offer vocation-oriented experience to teenage boys and girls in the council's ten county area.
Camp Seminole
The original council camp was Camp Pine Springs, in Monroe County, located along the Buttahatchie River north of Columbus, Mississippi. Camp Palila, located in Louisville, Mississippi, became the council camp in 1953. Camp Palila served as the council camp for thirty years prior to 1980. The state of Mississippi had leased the land to the council, but the legislature failed to complete the new lease before the original lease ended. The land used for Camp Palila reverted to control of the state, and is now Legion State Park.
The current council camp for the Pushmataha Area Council is Camp Seminole, about five miles north of Starkville, Mississippi. Camp Seminole hosts, among other activities, council summer camps, Cub Scout campouts, leadership training sessions, Wood Badge courses, and Order of the Arrow events. Camp Seminole was named for Seminole Manufacturing of Columbus, Mississippi, which donated significant financial support toward the camp's construction.
History
Camp Seminole was built on of land purchased by the Pushmataha Area Council in 1982. The need for building the camp came about when the lease on the previous council camp (Camp Palila) expired, and the Mississippi legislature did not renew the lease.
A Brownsea-22 training course was held on the grounds of the new camp in 1982, before any structures or other improvements had been made. Several council camporees were conducted on the grounds before Camp Seminole was fully operational.
In June 1986, Camp Seminole was declared officially "open" when the Pushmataha Area Council summer camp was held there for the first time.
Facilities
Camp Seminole has a dining hall that seats 200 people, a lake, nine camp sites, a C.O.P.E. Lodge, an activity field, a shooting sports arena, an obstacle course, numerous open shelters, an environmental center, the Chakchiuma Nature Trail, a trading post, and the Nita Chito Scout Museum.
Roads on the camp are mainly of red clay gravel construction.
Activities
Camp Seminole is primarily a Boy Scout camp, and is used for camporees, summer camps, Scout leader training, Cub Scout campouts, and other Boy scout related events.
The camp is also used to house Habitat for Humanity volunteers, for land navigation training by local National Guard and R.O.T.C. units, for Mississippi Hunter Safety Education Training, for Red Cross CPR and First Aid Training sessions, and other community and civic events.
Topography
The grounds of Camp Seminole average above sea level.
Climate
The climate at Camp Seminole is considered temperate. Winter temperatures rarely drop below freezing, and summer temperatures reach their peak in July and August, when it can reach 95-100 degrees Fahrenheit (35-38 degrees Celsius). The rainy season is early December through late March. Rainfall averages 62" annually.
Watonala Lodge
The Order of the Arrow is represented by the Watonala Lodge. It supports the Scouting programs of the council through leadership, camping, and service.
History
On September 1, 1939, five adult Boy Scout leaders from the Pushmataha Area Council attended an Order of the Arrow Area Fellowship in Birmingham, Alabama, and learned about the purpose and mission of the Order. Upon returning to the Pushmataha Area Council, an application for a charter was submitted to the National Order of the Arrow office. The initial charter was issued in the latter part of September, 1939.
When the initial charter was issued, it was issued in the name of the local council, as Pushmataha Lodge. In January, 1942, Pushmataha Lodge chose its Native American name, Watonala Lodge. In the Choctaw language, Watonala means "white egret", or "white water bird".
The first lodge event was held in the spring of 1940 at the Natchez Trace Game Preserve, near Houston, Mississippi. Lodge membership began to grow, as new Arrowmen were inducted during each council camporee. Membership slowed considerably during World War II, but resumed its pre-war growth during the few years immediately following World War II.
The founding of Watonala Lodge in 1939 is well documented, although there is an oral history that places the origin of the lodge ten years earlier, in 1929.
Service
Watonala Lodge devotes much of its service time to development and maintenance of their home camp, Camp Seminole, which is located five miles north of Starkville, Mississippi. The lodge also publishes an online "Where To Go Camping Guide" at www.Watonala.Org, aimed at helping other Boy Scouts and the general public find good places to camp, canoe, and hike.
Memorabilia
The dominant theme of most Watonala patches and memorabilia is its totem, the white egret. The totem is usually shown in profile, facing the viewer's left, and headed upward in flight. There are numerous variations of this design, with the totem image varying slightly with each new patch issue. The lodge issues a new lodge flap every two or three years, and sometimes issues specific patches for OA events, such as Conclave, National Order of the Arrow Conference (NOAC ), and service events.
Compared to many OA lodges, Watonala Lodge has always been comparatively small in membership numbers. This is due largely to being in a rural council having only ten counties. Because of smaller membership, the quantity of Watonala memorabilia available is usually smaller than most OA lodges.
See also
Scouting in Mississippi
Replicas of the Statue of Liberty
References
Watonala Lodge Home Page
Watonala's Where To Go Camping Guide
Watonala Documented History
Pushmataha Area Council
Unbound manuscripts, Nita Chito Scout Museum
Scouting In Oktibbeha County, unpublished manuscript
Local councils of the Boy Scouts of America
Southern Region (Boy Scouts of America)
Youth organizations based in Mississippi
1925 establishments in Mississippi |
15824610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitourps | Clitourps | Clitourps () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche | Clitourps [SEP] Clitourps () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15824614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coigny | Coigny | Coigny () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Montsenelle.
People linked to the commune
Robert Jean Antoine de Franquetot de Coigny (1652–1704)
François de Franquetot de Coigny (1670–1759), Marshal of France
François-Henri de Franquetot de Coigny (1737–1821), Marshal of France
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
External links
Coigny's website
Château de Franquetot
Château de Coigny
The Church of Coigny
Former communes of Manche | Coigny [SEP] Coigny () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Montsenelle.
People linked to the commune
Robert Jean Antoine de Franquetot de Coigny (1652–1704)
François de Franquetot de Coigny (1670–1759), Marshal of France
François-Henri de Franquetot de Coigny (1737–1821), Marshal of France
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
External links
Coigny's website
Château de Franquetot
Château de Coigny
The Church of Coigny
Former communes of Manche |
15824618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Colombe%2C%20Manche | La Colombe, Manche | La Colombe () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Colombe | La Colombe, Manche [SEP] La Colombe () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Colombe |
15824631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Sharpe%20and%20the%20Magnetic%20Zeros | Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros | Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros was an American folk rock band formed in Los Angeles, California, in 2005. The group was led by singer Alex Ebert. The band's name is based on a story Ebert wrote in his youth, about a messianic figure named Edward Sharpe. Drawing from roots rock, folk, gospel, and psychedelic music, the band's image and sound evoke the hippie movement of the 1960s and 1970s. The group's first show was played July 18, 2007, at The Troubadour in West Hollywood, California. Their first studio album, Up from Below, was released on July 7, 2009, on Community Records and featured the popular single "Home". The group released their second full-length album, Here, on May 29, 2012, and third album, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, on July 23, 2013. Their fourth studio album, PersonA, was released in April 2016.
The band underwent several alterations. Most notably, singer Jade Castrinos left the band in 2014. The band's current members are Nicolo Aglietti, Mark Noseworthy, Orpheo McCord, Josh Collazo, Christian Letts, Seth Ford-Young, Mitchell Yoshida, Crash Richard, Stewart Cole, and Alex Ebert. The band also operated Big Sun, a non-profit focused on funding and developing co-ops and land trusts in urban areas around the world. Big Sun donated $100,000 to, "Avalon Village," in Highland Park, Michigan in 2016.
History
Origin and first studio album (Up from Below)
After years of the Los Angeles party life and subsequent drug addiction, Ima Robot frontman Alex Ebert broke up with his girlfriend, moved out of his house, and spent time in rehabilitation. During this time, Ebert began to write a book about a messianic figure named Edward Sharpe who was "sent down to Earth to kinda heal and save mankind, but he kept getting distracted by girls and falling in love." Ebert adopted the Sharpe persona as his alter ego. He said, "I don't want to put too much weight on it, because in some ways it's just a name that I came up with. But I guess if I look deeper, I do feel like I had lost my identity in general. I really didn't know what was going on or who I was anymore. Adopting another name helped me open up an avenue to get back."
Ebert began initial writing and recording completely alone, doing "the horn lines with [his] mouth or a kazoo on the demos" and "all the background vocals layering ... pretending that there were people there." After meeting singer Jade Castrinos outside a Los Angeles cafe, Ebert and Castrinos started writing music together, and became a part of the art and music collective The Masses, which was partially started by some seed money from actor Heath Ledger. Their fledgling group eventually swelled to more than ten members, some of whom had been Ebert's friends since he was young. In mid-2009, Ebert, Castrinos, and a group of musicians toured the country by bus as Edward Sharpe & the Magnetic Zeros. The first show they played in 2009 was at the Marfa Film Festival in Marfa, Texas. The band recorded their debut album, Up from Below, in Laurel Canyon. Produced by Nicolo Aglietti and Aaron Older, it was released on July 14, 2009. Up from Below is also the name of one of the songs in this album, in which Ebert states "I was only five/when my dad told me I'd die/I cried as he said son/ was nothing could be done". Says Ebert, "My dad would be doing therapy in his office upstairs and I'd hear screamings, because they'd be role-playing and he'd be acting as his patient's father and they'd get upset and hit him and all this stuff. When he wasn't working, I'd go up there to draw and one day the music he was playing, Beethoven I think, delivered to me the idea of life and death. The information was bequeathed to me by the music. It was sonic and emotional. I tapped my dad on the shoulder and asked him if I was going to die and he said, 'Yeah.'"
On April 12, 2009, the band released "Desert Song", a music video and the first of a 12-part feature-length musical called SALVO!. Part 2, "Kisses Over Babylon", was released November 24, 2009, through Spinner.com. Part 3, "40 Day Dream", was uploaded to YouTube by the band on May 19, 2011.
Big Easy Express and second studio album (Here)
In April 2011, the band joined Mumford & Sons and Old Crow Medicine Show on the Railroad Revival Tour. According to American Songwriter, the tour stopped in six cities, playing alternative venues such as an Austin, Texas high school where Mumford & Sons taught the marching band how to play their hit "The Cave". The tour was also the subject of Grammy-nominated director Emmett Malloy's latest documentary Big Easy Express, which strove to capture "the pure joy of music" through Americana folk imagery. The documentary went on to win in the category for Best Long Form Music Video at the 2013 Grammy Awards. In 2011, Railroad Revival Tour bands Mumford & Sons, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, and Old Crow Medicine Show together closed their shows at every stop with "This Train".
The group's second album, Here, was released on May 29, 2012.
Third studio album (Edward Sharpe & The Magnetic Zeros)
The band's self-titled third studio album, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, was released in 2013. This was followed by tours of North America, UK, Europe, and Australia which included headlining concert dates as well as major festivals. The band became known for taking people onstage with them, including a former patient they had previously met in a hospital performance, and a disabled man in a wheelchair.
Fourth studio album (PersonA)
The band's fourth studio album, PersonA, was released April 15, 2016 through Community Music. Recording the music almost entirely in one room together in New Orleans, their approach was a far cry from their ramshackle, come-one-come-all production audible on recordings of their previous albums.
In an in-depth interview with Transverso Media, Ebert explained his desire to evolve on PersonA, stating, "In a lot of ways this album does things that are missing." He went on to discuss why the name Edward Sharpe is crossed out on the cover, saying, "There was no character to begin with, so why not kill him? He never really was there. If anything, and at most, Edward Sharpe was a vehicle for me to get to slough off whatever I had become up until that point, and to get back to or sort of allow my pure self to come forth into sort of a clean slate."
Members
Alex Ebert – vocals, guitar, percussion, piano
Nicolo Aglietti – guitar and co-producer; synthesizer, keyboards, vocals
Stewart Cole – trumpet, percussion, keyboards, tenor ukulele, vocals
Josh Collazo – drums, percussion, saxophone, vocals
Orpheo McCord – drums, percussion, marimba, didgeridoo, vocals
Christian Letts – guitar, vocals, mandolin
Seth Ford-Young – bass, vocals
Mark Noseworthy – guitar, vocals, banjo, mandolin, charango, ronroco
Crash Richard – vocals, percussion
As of marketing on the band's Facebook page in 2013:
Mitchell Yoshida – piano, clavinet, vocals
Additional, touring and/or recording personnel
As listed in the iTunes LP for the most recent album, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, 2013, or present tour:
Aaron Arntz – piano; previously also clavinet, vocals as a main band member
Aaron Embry – piano, organs; previously keyboards, piano, vocals, harmonica as a main band member
Roger Joseph Manning Jr – piano
Nathaniel Markman – fiddler
Fred Bows – violin
Susie Bows – violin
Hippos August – humming, moaning, Surbahar
Former personnel
In addition to Arntz and Embry:
Aaron Older – co-producer, bass, vocals, banjo, percussion
Tay Strathairn – piano, harmonica, vocals
Jade Castrinos – vocals, guitar, percussion, keyboard
Nora Kirkpatrick – accordion, keyboard, vocals
Past touring/ additional personnel
Odessa Jorgensen – fiddle, vocals during 2012-2013 tour
Anna Bulbrook – viola, vocals
Tyler James – piano, vocals
Felix Bloxsom – drums
Adam Privitera – penny whistler
Ryan Richter – guitar, lap steel
Discography
Studio albums
EPs
Here Comes EP (2009)
Singles
Notes
Other charted songs
References
External links
2005 establishments in California
American country rock groups
American indie folk groups
Dew Process artists
Folk rock groups from California
Grammy Award winners
Musical groups established in 2005
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Rough Trade Records artists
Vagrant Records artists | Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros [SEP] Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros was an American folk rock band formed in Los Angeles, California, in 2005. The group was led by singer Alex Ebert. The band's name is based on a story Ebert wrote in his youth, about a messianic figure named Edward Sharpe. Drawing from roots rock, folk, gospel, and psychedelic music, the band's image and sound evoke the hippie movement of the 1960s and 1970s. The group's first show was played July 18, 2007, at The Troubadour in West Hollywood, California. Their first studio album, Up from Below, was released on July 7, 2009, on Community Records and featured the popular single "Home". The group released their second full-length album, Here, on May 29, 2012, and third album, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, on July 23, 2013. Their fourth studio album, PersonA, was released in April 2016.
The band underwent several alterations. Most notably, singer Jade Castrinos left the band in 2014. The band's current members are Nicolo Aglietti, Mark Noseworthy, Orpheo McCord, Josh Collazo, Christian Letts, Seth Ford-Young, Mitchell Yoshida, Crash Richard, Stewart Cole, and Alex Ebert. The band also operated Big Sun, a non-profit focused on funding and developing co-ops and land trusts in urban areas around the world. Big Sun donated $100,000 to, "Avalon Village," in Highland Park, Michigan in 2016.
History
Origin and first studio album (Up from Below)
After years of the Los Angeles party life and subsequent drug addiction, Ima Robot frontman Alex Ebert broke up with his girlfriend, moved out of his house, and spent time in rehabilitation. During this time, Ebert began to write a book about a messianic figure named Edward Sharpe who was "sent down to Earth to kinda heal and save mankind, but he kept getting distracted by girls and falling in love." Ebert adopted the Sharpe persona as his alter ego. He said, "I don't want to put too much weight on it, because in some ways it's just a name that I came up with. But I guess if I look deeper, I do feel like I had lost my identity in general. I really didn't know what was going on or who I was anymore. Adopting another name helped me open up an avenue to get back."
Ebert began initial writing and recording completely alone, doing "the horn lines with [his] mouth or a kazoo on the demos" and "all the background vocals layering ... pretending that there were people there." After meeting singer Jade Castrinos outside a Los Angeles cafe, Ebert and Castrinos started writing music together, and became a part of the art and music collective The Masses, which was partially started by some seed money from actor Heath Ledger. Their fledgling group eventually swelled to more than ten members, some of whom had been Ebert's friends since he was young. In mid-2009, Ebert, Castrinos, and a group of musicians toured the country by bus as Edward Sharpe & the Magnetic Zeros. The first show they played in 2009 was at the Marfa Film Festival in Marfa, Texas. The band recorded their debut album, Up from Below, in Laurel Canyon. Produced by Nicolo Aglietti and Aaron Older, it was released on July 14, 2009. Up from Below is also the name of one of the songs in this album, in which Ebert states "I was only five/when my dad told me I'd die/I cried as he said son/ was nothing could be done". Says Ebert, "My dad would be doing therapy in his office upstairs and I'd hear screamings, because they'd be role-playing and he'd be acting as his patient's father and they'd get upset and hit him and all this stuff. When he wasn't working, I'd go up there to draw and one day the music he was playing, Beethoven I think, delivered to me the idea of life and death. The information was bequeathed to me by the music. It was sonic and emotional. I tapped my dad on the shoulder and asked him if I was going to die and he said, 'Yeah.'"
On April 12, 2009, the band released "Desert Song", a music video and the first of a 12-part feature-length musical called SALVO!. Part 2, "Kisses Over Babylon", was released November 24, 2009, through Spinner.com. Part 3, "40 Day Dream", was uploaded to YouTube by the band on May 19, 2011.
Big Easy Express and second studio album (Here)
In April 2011, the band joined Mumford & Sons and Old Crow Medicine Show on the Railroad Revival Tour. According to American Songwriter, the tour stopped in six cities, playing alternative venues such as an Austin, Texas high school where Mumford & Sons taught the marching band how to play their hit "The Cave". The tour was also the subject of Grammy-nominated director Emmett Malloy's latest documentary Big Easy Express, which strove to capture "the pure joy of music" through Americana folk imagery. The documentary went on to win in the category for Best Long Form Music Video at the 2013 Grammy Awards. In 2011, Railroad Revival Tour bands Mumford & Sons, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, and Old Crow Medicine Show together closed their shows at every stop with "This Train".
The group's second album, Here, was released on May 29, 2012.
Third studio album (Edward Sharpe & The Magnetic Zeros)
The band's self-titled third studio album, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, was released in 2013. This was followed by tours of North America, UK, Europe, and Australia which included headlining concert dates as well as major festivals. The band became known for taking people onstage with them, including a former patient they had previously met in a hospital performance, and a disabled man in a wheelchair.
Fourth studio album (PersonA)
The band's fourth studio album, PersonA, was released April 15, 2016 through Community Music. Recording the music almost entirely in one room together in New Orleans, their approach was a far cry from their ramshackle, come-one-come-all production audible on recordings of their previous albums.
In an in-depth interview with Transverso Media, Ebert explained his desire to evolve on PersonA, stating, "In a lot of ways this album does things that are missing." He went on to discuss why the name Edward Sharpe is crossed out on the cover, saying, "There was no character to begin with, so why not kill him? He never really was there. If anything, and at most, Edward Sharpe was a vehicle for me to get to slough off whatever I had become up until that point, and to get back to or sort of allow my pure self to come forth into sort of a clean slate."
Members
Alex Ebert – vocals, guitar, percussion, piano
Nicolo Aglietti – guitar and co-producer; synthesizer, keyboards, vocals
Stewart Cole – trumpet, percussion, keyboards, tenor ukulele, vocals
Josh Collazo – drums, percussion, saxophone, vocals
Orpheo McCord – drums, percussion, marimba, didgeridoo, vocals
Christian Letts – guitar, vocals, mandolin
Seth Ford-Young – bass, vocals
Mark Noseworthy – guitar, vocals, banjo, mandolin, charango, ronroco
Crash Richard – vocals, percussion
As of marketing on the band's Facebook page in 2013:
Mitchell Yoshida – piano, clavinet, vocals
Additional, touring and/or recording personnel
As listed in the iTunes LP for the most recent album, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, 2013, or present tour:
Aaron Arntz – piano; previously also clavinet, vocals as a main band member
Aaron Embry – piano, organs; previously keyboards, piano, vocals, harmonica as a main band member
Roger Joseph Manning Jr – piano
Nathaniel Markman – fiddler
Fred Bows – violin
Susie Bows – violin
Hippos August – humming, moaning, Surbahar
Former personnel
In addition to Arntz and Embry:
Aaron Older – co-producer, bass, vocals, banjo, percussion
Tay Strathairn – piano, harmonica, vocals
Jade Castrinos – vocals, guitar, percussion, keyboard
Nora Kirkpatrick – accordion, keyboard, vocals
Past touring/ additional personnel
Odessa Jorgensen – fiddle, vocals during 2012-2013 tour
Anna Bulbrook – viola, vocals
Tyler James – piano, vocals
Felix Bloxsom – drums
Adam Privitera – penny whistler
Ryan Richter – guitar, lap steel
Discography
Studio albums
EPs
Here Comes EP (2009)
Singles
Notes
Other charted songs
References
External links
2005 establishments in California
American country rock groups
American indie folk groups
Dew Process artists
Folk rock groups from California
Grammy Award winners
Musical groups established in 2005
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Rough Trade Records artists
Vagrant Records artists |
15824641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colomby | Colomby | Colomby () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
External links
Communes of Manche | Colomby [SEP] Colomby () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
External links
Communes of Manche |
15824645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cond%C3%A9-sur-Vire | Condé-sur-Vire | Condé-sur-Vire (, literally Condé on Vire) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, the former commune of Le Mesnil-Raoult was merged into Condé-sur-Vire. On 1 January 2017, the former commune of Troisgots was merged into Condé-sur-Vire.
Geography
Climate
Condé-sur-Vire has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Condé-sur-Vire is . The average annual rainfall is with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Condé-sur-Vire was on 5 August 2003; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 17 January 1985.
Population
Heraldry
People
Among well known people born here is Father Jean de Brébeuf, a martyr and since 1930 a Catholic saint.
Twinning
In the late 1970s, arrangements were made for the twinning of Condé-sur-Vire with Bordon in Hampshire. For several years, parties of civic leaders and school teachers would arrive in Bordon, accompanying 70 or more school children for a week of activities.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Condesurvire | Condé-sur-Vire [SEP] Condé-sur-Vire (, literally Condé on Vire) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, the former commune of Le Mesnil-Raoult was merged into Condé-sur-Vire. On 1 January 2017, the former commune of Troisgots was merged into Condé-sur-Vire.
Geography
Climate
Condé-sur-Vire has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Condé-sur-Vire is . The average annual rainfall is with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Condé-sur-Vire was on 5 August 2003; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 17 January 1985.
Population
Heraldry
People
Among well known people born here is Father Jean de Brébeuf, a martyr and since 1930 a Catholic saint.
Twinning
In the late 1970s, arrangements were made for the twinning of Condé-sur-Vire with Bordon in Hampshire. For several years, parties of civic leaders and school teachers would arrive in Bordon, accompanying 70 or more school children for a week of activities.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Condesurvire |
15824648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contri%C3%A8res | Contrières | Contrières () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune Quettreville-sur-Sienne.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche | Contrières [SEP] Contrières () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune Quettreville-sur-Sienne.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15824649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosqueville | Cosqueville | Cosqueville () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Vicq-sur-Mer.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche
Populated coastal places in France | Cosqueville [SEP] Cosqueville () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Vicq-sur-Mer.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche
Populated coastal places in France |
15824653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coudeville-sur-Mer | Coudeville-sur-Mer | Coudeville-sur-Mer (, literally Coudeville on Sea) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Coudevillesurmer
Populated coastal places in France | Coudeville-sur-Mer [SEP] Coudeville-sur-Mer (, literally Coudeville on Sea) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Coudevillesurmer
Populated coastal places in France |
15824657 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulouvray-Boisben%C3%A2tre | Coulouvray-Boisbenâtre | Coulouvray-Boisbenâtre () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
Geography
Climate
Coulouvray-Boisbenâtre has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Coulouvray-Boisbenâtre is . The average annual rainfall is with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Coulouvray-Boisbenâtre was on 5 August 2003; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 7 February 1991.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Coulouvrayboisbenatre | Coulouvray-Boisbenâtre [SEP] Coulouvray-Boisbenâtre () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
Geography
Climate
Coulouvray-Boisbenâtre has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Coulouvray-Boisbenâtre is . The average annual rainfall is with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Coulouvray-Boisbenâtre was on 5 August 2003; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 7 February 1991.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Coulouvrayboisbenatre |
15824664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courcy%2C%20Manche | Courcy, Manche | Courcy () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche | Courcy, Manche [SEP] Courcy () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15824667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtils | Courtils | Courtils is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche | Courtils [SEP] Courtils is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15824673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couvains%2C%20Manche | Couvains, Manche | Couvains () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche | Couvains, Manche [SEP] Couvains () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15824678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couville | Couville | Couville () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche | Couville [SEP] Couville () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15824681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crasville%2C%20Manche | Crasville, Manche | Crasville () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche | Crasville, Manche [SEP] Crasville () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15824688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A9ances | Créances | Créances () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche | Créances [SEP] Créances () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15824695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les%20Cresnays | Les Cresnays | Les Cresnays () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Cresnays | Les Cresnays [SEP] Les Cresnays () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Cresnays |
15824699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretteville | Cretteville | Cretteville () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune of Picauville.
World War II
After the liberation of the area by Allied Forces in 1944, engineers of the Ninth Air Force IX Engineering Command began construction of a combat Advanced Landing Ground outside of the town. Declared operational on 4 July, the airfield was designated as "A-14", it was used by the 358th Fighter Group which flew P-47 Thunderbolts until mid-August when the unit moved into Central France. The 406th Fighter Group took its place at the airfield and continued to fly P-47s until early September. Afterward, the airfield was closed.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche | Cretteville [SEP] Cretteville () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune of Picauville.
World War II
After the liberation of the area by Allied Forces in 1944, engineers of the Ninth Air Force IX Engineering Command began construction of a combat Advanced Landing Ground outside of the town. Declared operational on 4 July, the airfield was designated as "A-14", it was used by the 358th Fighter Group which flew P-47 Thunderbolts until mid-August when the unit moved into Central France. The 406th Fighter Group took its place at the airfield and continued to fly P-47s until early September. Afterward, the airfield was closed.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15824705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protection%20of%20Animals%20Act%201934 | Protection of Animals Act 1934 | The Protection of Animals Act 1934 (24 & 25 Geo. 5. c. 21) was an act of the British parliament effectively making rodeo, as it then existed, illegal in England, Scotland and Wales. The law was based upon the perceived cruelty to animals exhibited at western rodeos brought by promotions such as Tex Austin's 1924 "King of the Rodeo" exhibition at Wembley Stadium in 1924, the first such program in England.
The act was repealed and replaced by the Animal Welfare Act 2006 and the Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) Act 2006 respectively.
Analysis
The first section provided that roping any unbroken horse or untrained bull was illegal. This was followed by prohibitions on "wrestling, fighting, or struggling with any untrained bull", and on stimulating a horse or bull to buck. This last provision would exclude cinch straps specifically designed to irritate the animal or a strap cinched around its genitals. The prohibitions applied not only to the riders and the stock contractors preparing the animals, but to any promoter of the contests or exhibitions.
The penalties were fines of up to 100 pounds, or up to three months in gaol, per violation.
Geographic scope
The last section of the act provided that it was not effective for Northern Ireland.
See also
Animal welfare in the United Kingdom
Notes
References
Protection of Animals Act 1934, Chapter 21 Geo. 5
External links
United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1934
Animal welfare and rights legislation in the United Kingdom | Protection of Animals Act 1934 [SEP] The Protection of Animals Act 1934 (24 & 25 Geo. 5. c. 21) was an act of the British parliament effectively making rodeo, as it then existed, illegal in England, Scotland and Wales. The law was based upon the perceived cruelty to animals exhibited at western rodeos brought by promotions such as Tex Austin's 1924 "King of the Rodeo" exhibition at Wembley Stadium in 1924, the first such program in England.
The act was repealed and replaced by the Animal Welfare Act 2006 and the Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) Act 2006 respectively.
Analysis
The first section provided that roping any unbroken horse or untrained bull was illegal. This was followed by prohibitions on "wrestling, fighting, or struggling with any untrained bull", and on stimulating a horse or bull to buck. This last provision would exclude cinch straps specifically designed to irritate the animal or a strap cinched around its genitals. The prohibitions applied not only to the riders and the stock contractors preparing the animals, but to any promoter of the contests or exhibitions.
The penalties were fines of up to 100 pounds, or up to three months in gaol, per violation.
Geographic scope
The last section of the act provided that it was not effective for Northern Ireland.
See also
Animal welfare in the United Kingdom
Notes
References
Protection of Animals Act 1934, Chapter 21 Geo. 5
External links
United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1934
Animal welfare and rights legislation in the United Kingdom |
15824706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crollon | Crollon | Crollon () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. It had 297 inhabitants as of 2021. Historically, Crollon has ranged in size from a maximum of 500 inhabitants in 1821 to a minimum of 183 in 1982. The current mayor is Noël Bouvier, elected in 2020.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche | Crollon [SEP] Crollon () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. It had 297 inhabitants as of 2021. Historically, Crollon has ranged in size from a maximum of 500 inhabitants in 1821 to a minimum of 183 in 1982. The current mayor is Noël Bouvier, elected in 2020.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15824709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85bo%20Svenska%20Teater | Åbo Svenska Teater | Åbo Svenska Teater () is a Finland-Swedish theatre in the city of Turku in Finland and the oldest theatre in the country, founded in 1839. The building itself is also the oldest still functioning theatre house in Finland. The name means "The Swedish theatre of Åbo"; Åbo is the Swedish name of the city of Turku.
History
Turku was the capital city of Finland during Finland's epoch as a part of Sweden, and Swedish theatre companies visited Finland during the 18th-century, the first of whom was the Stenborg Troupe in 1761 and the company of Carl Seuerling in the 1780s. There where however, no proper theatre building until the Bonuviers Teater was erected in the 1810s. When the old theatre was destroyed during the Great Fire of Turku in 1827, there was a need of a new theater house.
1839-1894
The theatre has been located in its present building since 1839, when it was opened by a local amateur society with the play Gubben i Bergsbygden the 21 January 1839. Later that same year, the theatre house was used by its first professional theatre company, that of Ulrik Torsslow, and its first professional concert singer, Betty Boije. In 1843, concerts by Johanna von Schoultz and Jenny Lind where both performed on its stage.
Prior to 1894, the theatre did not have a permanent staff, as Finland did not have any native actors at this point, and during the 19th-century the theatre house was used by travelling theatre companies from Sweden. The most notable of these were the company of Pierre Deland, which visited the theatre regularly from 1840 to 1861, as well as the so called "Finnish Company" of Edvard Stjernström, which enjoyed theatre monopoly in Southern Finland in 1850-53. In the 1870s and 1880s, the famed Swedish company of Thérèse Elfforss frequnelty visited the theatre.
The first native theatre company performed in the theatre was the company of August Westermark in 1872, though it was not to be until 1894, that the first performance was given by a permanent native ensemble at the theatre.
Activity
The theatre building is owned by Stiftelsen för Åbo Akademi and it is run by Åbo Svenska Teaterförening.
The theatre has three formal stages; Stora Scenen, with 365 seats, Studioscenen with 136 seats, and Tiljan-scenen, with a maximum of one hundred seats, as well as local activity.
References
External links and sources
Nordensvan, Georg, Svensk teater och svenska skådespelare från Gustav III till våra dagar. Förra delen, 1772-1842, Bonnier, Stockholm, 1917
Nordisk familjebok / Uggleupplagan. 8. Feiss - Fruktmögel
Theatres in Finland
Buildings and structures in Turku
Tourist attractions in Turku
Theatres completed in 1839
1839 establishments in Europe
19th century in Turku | Åbo Svenska Teater [SEP] Åbo Svenska Teater () is a Finland-Swedish theatre in the city of Turku in Finland and the oldest theatre in the country, founded in 1839. The building itself is also the oldest still functioning theatre house in Finland. The name means "The Swedish theatre of Åbo"; Åbo is the Swedish name of the city of Turku.
History
Turku was the capital city of Finland during Finland's epoch as a part of Sweden, and Swedish theatre companies visited Finland during the 18th-century, the first of whom was the Stenborg Troupe in 1761 and the company of Carl Seuerling in the 1780s. There where however, no proper theatre building until the Bonuviers Teater was erected in the 1810s. When the old theatre was destroyed during the Great Fire of Turku in 1827, there was a need of a new theater house.
1839-1894
The theatre has been located in its present building since 1839, when it was opened by a local amateur society with the play Gubben i Bergsbygden the 21 January 1839. Later that same year, the theatre house was used by its first professional theatre company, that of Ulrik Torsslow, and its first professional concert singer, Betty Boije. In 1843, concerts by Johanna von Schoultz and Jenny Lind where both performed on its stage.
Prior to 1894, the theatre did not have a permanent staff, as Finland did not have any native actors at this point, and during the 19th-century the theatre house was used by travelling theatre companies from Sweden. The most notable of these were the company of Pierre Deland, which visited the theatre regularly from 1840 to 1861, as well as the so called "Finnish Company" of Edvard Stjernström, which enjoyed theatre monopoly in Southern Finland in 1850-53. In the 1870s and 1880s, the famed Swedish company of Thérèse Elfforss frequnelty visited the theatre.
The first native theatre company performed in the theatre was the company of August Westermark in 1872, though it was not to be until 1894, that the first performance was given by a permanent native ensemble at the theatre.
Activity
The theatre building is owned by Stiftelsen för Åbo Akademi and it is run by Åbo Svenska Teaterförening.
The theatre has three formal stages; Stora Scenen, with 365 seats, Studioscenen with 136 seats, and Tiljan-scenen, with a maximum of one hundred seats, as well as local activity.
References
External links and sources
Nordensvan, Georg, Svensk teater och svenska skådespelare från Gustav III till våra dagar. Förra delen, 1772-1842, Bonnier, Stockholm, 1917
Nordisk familjebok / Uggleupplagan. 8. Feiss - Fruktmögel
Theatres in Finland
Buildings and structures in Turku
Tourist attractions in Turku
Theatres completed in 1839
1839 establishments in Europe
19th century in Turku |
15824710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosville-sur-Douve | Crosville-sur-Douve | Crosville-sur-Douve (, literally Crosville on Douve) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Crosvillesurdouve | Crosville-sur-Douve [SEP] Crosville-sur-Douve (, literally Crosville on Douve) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Crosvillesurdouve |
15824713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuves%2C%20Manche | Cuves, Manche | Cuves () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche | Cuves, Manche [SEP] Cuves () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15824716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangy | Dangy | Dangy () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche | Dangy [SEP] Dangy () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15824721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denneville | Denneville | Denneville () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Port-Bail-sur-Mer.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche
Populated coastal places in France | Denneville [SEP] Denneville () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Port-Bail-sur-Mer.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche
Populated coastal places in France |
15824724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digosville | Digosville | Digosville () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche | Digosville [SEP] Digosville () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15824726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digulleville | Digulleville | Digulleville () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune La Hague.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche | Digulleville [SEP] Digulleville () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune La Hague.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15824733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domjean | Domjean | Domjean () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche | Domjean [SEP] Domjean () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15824739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donville-les-Bains | Donville-les-Bains | Donville-les-Bains () is a commune in the Manche department, northwestern France.
Introduction
Donville-les-Bains is located just outside Granville, a port on the Norman coast noted for ferry traffic to the Channel Islands. Rail service is available from Granville to Paris on a regular basis provided by SNCF, the French National Railway.
The town is also the origin of the English language surname Dunville/Dumville (originally Donville), which is found throughout the UK and former British colonies. People descended from this Norman line can be found in concentrations around Toronto, Thunder Bay, Chicago, Detroit, St. Louis, and South Carolina. (However, Dunville, Newfoundland was not named after Donville-les-Bains; Dunville was named after the founding Dunphy family.)
Population
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Donvillelesbains
Populated coastal places in France | Donville-les-Bains [SEP] Donville-les-Bains () is a commune in the Manche department, northwestern France.
Introduction
Donville-les-Bains is located just outside Granville, a port on the Norman coast noted for ferry traffic to the Channel Islands. Rail service is available from Granville to Paris on a regular basis provided by SNCF, the French National Railway.
The town is also the origin of the English language surname Dunville/Dumville (originally Donville), which is found throughout the UK and former British colonies. People descended from this Norman line can be found in concentrations around Toronto, Thunder Bay, Chicago, Detroit, St. Louis, and South Carolina. (However, Dunville, Newfoundland was not named after Donville-les-Bains; Dunville was named after the founding Dunphy family.)
Population
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Donvillelesbains
Populated coastal places in France |
15824740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doville | Doville | Doville () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche | Doville [SEP] Doville () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15824746 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragey-Ronthon | Dragey-Ronthon | Dragey-Ronthon () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Drageyronthon | Dragey-Ronthon [SEP] Dragey-Ronthon () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Drageyronthon |
15824786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stick%20Against%20Stone | Stick Against Stone | Stick Against Stone is a post-punk / no wave band from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that later resided in Brooklyn, New York, Eugene, Oregon, and San Francisco, California. They remained active (in no less than six incarnations) between 1981 and 1990. The group returned to performing in 2011 and currently resides in the New York City area.
Since their founding, the band went through several line-up changes, but never released a full album until 2010 – and it wasn't until the 2014 release of The Oregon Bootleg Tapes - Live (a live recording from 1985) that critical attention finally arrived in the form of positive reviews in New York Magazine, Vibe, Wax Poetics, Cuepoint (Robert Christgau) and Pitchfork, where writer Miles Raymer remarked about the group: “They had their eyes on the 'there and then', but they were playing 20 years into the future.”
Discography
Releases
MediaGroove Music:
The Index of Directions - (MG-001 - 2010) (digital)
Live At Danny's Pub - (MG-002 - 2012) (digital)
Get It All Out (as Stick Against Stone Orchestra) - (MG-003 - 2013) (CD, LP & digital)
The Oregon Bootleg Tapes - LIVE - (MG-004 - 2014) (CD, digital)
Leonard / The Hopping Frog (MG-005 - 2014) (7" vinyl single)
INSTANT (MG-006 - 2015) (CD, digital)
The Rippel Tapes (MG-008 - 2018) (digital)
Eponymous 4 song cassette - released on their own label (SAS - 1985).
T.M.I. Records:
Body Motion - (TMI-015 - 1982) (1 track on a vinyl compilation LP)
References
External links
Official Discogs page
Official Bandcamp page
Official Setlist.fm page
Official Musicbrainz page
Other links
Press reviews of "The Oregon Bootleg Tapes"
Pittsburgh Music History (1980s) site on Yahoo! Groups
Panic 13 (Eugene, OR '80s Music History site) on Yahoo! Groups
Gigposters.com - Concert Posters of Stick Against Stone from Pittsburgh-area shows and the Rock Against Reagan tour show in Los Angeles, CA
"Re-Punk Throwdown" - article in Pittsburgh Post-Gazette on the August 2006 reunion concerts of Pittsburgh-area Punk, Post-punk, New Wave and Rock bands from the 80s.
Yinzer.net - : Collection of Pittsburgh, PA Punk, Post-punk, New Wave and Rock bands from the years 1978-1986
David Soule (bass player and songwriter in group)
American post-punk music groups
No wave groups
Musical groups from Pittsburgh
Musical groups from Pennsylvania
Musical groups from Brooklyn
Musical groups from Eugene, Oregon
Musical groups from San Francisco
Musical groups established in 1981 | Stick Against Stone [SEP] Stick Against Stone is a post-punk / no wave band from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that later resided in Brooklyn, New York, Eugene, Oregon, and San Francisco, California. They remained active (in no less than six incarnations) between 1981 and 1990. The group returned to performing in 2011 and currently resides in the New York City area.
Since their founding, the band went through several line-up changes, but never released a full album until 2010 – and it wasn't until the 2014 release of The Oregon Bootleg Tapes - Live (a live recording from 1985) that critical attention finally arrived in the form of positive reviews in New York Magazine, Vibe, Wax Poetics, Cuepoint (Robert Christgau) and Pitchfork, where writer Miles Raymer remarked about the group: “They had their eyes on the 'there and then', but they were playing 20 years into the future.”
Discography
Releases
MediaGroove Music:
The Index of Directions - (MG-001 - 2010) (digital)
Live At Danny's Pub - (MG-002 - 2012) (digital)
Get It All Out (as Stick Against Stone Orchestra) - (MG-003 - 2013) (CD, LP & digital)
The Oregon Bootleg Tapes - LIVE - (MG-004 - 2014) (CD, digital)
Leonard / The Hopping Frog (MG-005 - 2014) (7" vinyl single)
INSTANT (MG-006 - 2015) (CD, digital)
The Rippel Tapes (MG-008 - 2018) (digital)
Eponymous 4 song cassette - released on their own label (SAS - 1985).
T.M.I. Records:
Body Motion - (TMI-015 - 1982) (1 track on a vinyl compilation LP)
References
External links
Official Discogs page
Official Bandcamp page
Official Setlist.fm page
Official Musicbrainz page
Other links
Press reviews of "The Oregon Bootleg Tapes"
Pittsburgh Music History (1980s) site on Yahoo! Groups
Panic 13 (Eugene, OR '80s Music History site) on Yahoo! Groups
Gigposters.com - Concert Posters of Stick Against Stone from Pittsburgh-area shows and the Rock Against Reagan tour show in Los Angeles, CA
"Re-Punk Throwdown" - article in Pittsburgh Post-Gazette on the August 2006 reunion concerts of Pittsburgh-area Punk, Post-punk, New Wave and Rock bands from the 80s.
Yinzer.net - : Collection of Pittsburgh, PA Punk, Post-punk, New Wave and Rock bands from the years 1978-1986
David Soule (bass player and songwriter in group)
American post-punk music groups
No wave groups
Musical groups from Pittsburgh
Musical groups from Pennsylvania
Musical groups from Brooklyn
Musical groups from Eugene, Oregon
Musical groups from San Francisco
Musical groups established in 1981 |
15824788 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweibr%C3%BCcker | Zweibrücker | The Zweibrücker (pl. Zweibrücken) is a type of German warmblood horse bred in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland. Traditionally, the breeding of Zweibrücken was centered on the onetime Principal Stud of Zweibrücken but since 1977 has been under the jurisdiction of the Horse Breeders' Association of Rhineland-Palatinate-Saar (PRPS). The modern Zweibrücker is an elegant, large-framed, correct sport horse with powerful, elastic gaits suitable for dressage, show jumping, eventing and combined driving.
State Stud of Zweibrücken
The Rhineland-Palatinate state-owned stud facilities of Zweibrücken house the smallest number of state stallions in Germany, but the region's horse-breeding history is rich. The modern city of Zweibrücken, meaning "two bridges", was a county throughout the Middle Ages and then later on became a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire. The state stud was founded in 1755 by Duke Christian IV following a visit to England. While abroad he admired the refined, spirited English Thoroughbreds, as a breed less than 100 years old at the time. When Christian IV returned to Zweibrücken, he financed the establishment of "royal facilities" throughout the region, populating them with noble stallions and mares.
Christian IV's successor, Charles II August, continued to improve horse-breeding in politically influential Zweibrücken by decreeing that the horses bred there ought to be "good, handsome and useful". This goal was achieved to the effect of gaining the admiration of the King of Prussia, who purchased over 150 Zweibrücken stallions. These sires were sent to the Principal Stud of Trakehnen where the Trakehner was bred for use by the Prussian nobles.
In 1801, Zweibrücken was annexed by France, and the noble horses were moved to Rosiers aux Salines. However, Napoleon saw the stallion and mare herds at Zweibrücken Principal Stud re-established in 1806. The central facility and its many outposts and stallion depots were populated with more than 250 stallions and a herd of over 100 mares purchased from notable German breeding outfits, as well as fashionable Spanish horses and products of the formidable Austro-Hungarian empire. Less than a decade later, Zweibrücken was given to Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, and Zweibrücken was retitled in 1890 as the Principal Royal Bavarian State Stud. During this period, large numbers of Anglo-Normans - Thoroughbred-influenced agricultural horses from France - and Arabians were stationed in Zweibrücken. The first organized breeding of Anglo-Arabian horses occurred at Zweibrücken during this time period. The region became widely known for its refined cavalry horses which combined the size and speed of the Thoroughbred with the more tractable temperament of the Arabian. By 1900, the Principal Stud of Zweibrücken comprised more than 250 head of breeding stock and young horses, 74 of which were state-owned stallions.
The first half of the 20th century was marked by increasing demands for a heavier all-purpose farm horse, which were used extensively in the first World War for pulling artillery wagons. Consequently, the refined riding horses were replaced by heavy warmbloods from Oldenburg. During World War II, the entire city was evacuated and the horses brought to Bavaria. Much of the city was destroyed, and the state stud facilities came under the jurisdiction of the newly formed German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Nearly a quarter of the 58 stallions standing at Zweibrücken were draft horses.
Zweibrücken lost the status of Principal Stud - which keeps a herd of mares in addition to standing stallions - in 1960. As the demand for an athletic riding horse blossomed, the draft horse stallions were replaced by Trakehners. From 1966 to 1976, Trakehner stallions comprised half the stallion roster. Unlike most of the State Studs of Germany, the period for which Zweibrücken stood heavy warmblood stallions was brief; the chief focus of this region has been steadily focused on an elegant riding horse since its construction. Gradually, sires from Hanoverian and Holsteiner bloodlines joined the noble Trakehners, accelerating the local horse-breeding efforts towards the production of a warmblood riding horse.
Today many of the stallion depots and outposts lie in France, while others were purchased by separate entities. Most notable among these was the facility at Birkhausen, which was bought by the Trakehner verband and from which Abiza, dam of the Canadian-born Trakehner Abdullah, was sold. The grounds of the state stud host stallion parades and the month-long stallion performance test for the regional breeding association.
Breeding
Organized breeding through much of the history of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland was managed by the State Stud. The Horse Breeders' Association of Rhineland-Palatinate-Saar (PRPS) was formed in 1977 and directs the breeding of almost all horse breeds within the region. The breed with the largest population within the studbooks is the German Riding or Sport Horse, called the Zweibrücker. The PRPS cooperates with similar associations in Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, Saxony and Thuringia, collectively licensing and approving breeding stock.
Like other German Warmbloods, the breeding of Zweibrücken is characterized by stringent inspection criteria. Foals do not receive their papers until they are presented at a local foal show, at which judges may exclude any foal if it is markedly off-type. Along with their papers, the foals receive a brand on the left hind leg, just behind the stifle. Foal inspections also give an early indication of the quality of the sire, as well as which mares match best with him. At the age of 3, fillies may be upgraded from the foal register to the herd book through a process called Stutbuchaufnahmen or "Marebook Recording". There are several levels of mare book based on the quality of the mare and the completeness of her pedigree, which allows mares of unorthodox breeding to eventually become part of the breeding program. To be written into the herd book and thereby have registered foals, the mare is evaluated on her conformation and gaits. Mares which fail to meet the criteria may be placed in a lower mare book, or be denied altogether. Only mares in the highest mare books can produce breeding stallion sons.
While mares can be entered into the studbook at local shows, the process of having a young stallion approved for breeding is lengthy. Stallion candidates are often identified as foals, and at the age of 2 and a half the best colts attend the licensing in Munich, Bavaria. There they are evaluated along with stallion hopefuls - köraspirants - branded Bavarian Warmblood, Württemberger and Saxony-Thuringian, along with some representatives from other regions. As all of these regions have a common goal in warmblood breeding, they are judged to the same standard. They are evaluated in terms of their conformational correctness, type, gaits and ability free-jumping. The best young stallions receive a temporary license which is accepted by all of the south-German breeding associations. The stallion has a period of a few years during which he must prove himself in performance, and in this way he earns full approval.
This process is common to all German Warmbloods, and is quite similar to the studbook selection process used for other Warmbloods, as well.
Characteristics
The best way to identify a Zweibrücker is by the brand on the left hind leg. It features the two bridges of the city of Zweibrücken topped by a representation of the duke's crown. Otherwise, it is not possible to distinguish a Zweibrücker from a German Warmblood bred elsewhere based solely on appearance. All German Warmblood registries exchange genetic material in an effort to continuously improve their own horses.
Most Zweibrücken are middle-weight horses with "old style" examples heavier set than those deemed "modern" in type. The ideal height is 160 to 170 cm or 15.3 to 16.3hh at the age of 3, but deviations in either direction are not uncommon nor are they disqualifying. The most common colors are bay, chestnut, gray, and black, however several breeders of colored warmbloods have chosen to register their horses as Zweibrücken, so there are tobiano pintos and colors such as palomino, buckskin, and cremello.
The Anglo-Arabian ancestry of the Zweibrücker is found primarily in what remains of its old female families. Today, the Horse Breeders' Association of Rhineland-Palatinate-Saar is known for its liberal pedigree policies, accepting breeding stock from most other warmblood studbooks which are members of the World Breeding Federation for Sport Horses.
The breeding objective, based on market demands, is currently a horse suitable for dressage, jumping, and eventing, though combined driving is also mentioned. In North America, the breeding objective includes suitability for show hunter competition, as well.
Zweibrücken share the standard of German Riding or Sport Horse with their parallels in other regions. Ideally, the horse is characterized by a noble expression, with long-lined and correct conformation. The head is dry, expressive, and aesthetically appealing though need not have out of the ordinary refinement. The topline is long, generous, and slightly curved featuring a medium-length neck set on rather high, a stark, laid-back wither and long sloping shoulder. The loin is well-muscled, the croup is long, slightly tilted, and muscular. The horse stands on a foundation of dry, large joints and correct limbs ending in correct, hard hooves of sufficient size.
In motion the gaits are correct - no deviations when viewed from the front or rear - and expansive with a pure rhythm and suggestive of great work ethic. The qualities of freedom, elasticity, and power are paramount. The walk swings through the neck and back, while the trot is cadenced and powerful. Suspension and elasticity are effects of the ability of the horse's joints to store energy and absorb shock, thus are influential in soundness. The canter is important as an indicator of jumping suitability, and should be cadenced, balanced and powerful.
Zweibrücken, especially stallions, are typically evaluated over fences through free jumping, where the horse is let loose in a chute with specifically measured obstacles. This allows judges to draw conclusions about the horse's jumping abilities without pushing them too fast under saddle. Judges look for a horse which is capable of jumping, having an appearance of ease and confidence as he jumps, without any carelessness. The rhythm of the canter should remain unchanged while the horse adjusts his stride length to leave the ground from the correct place. The fore and hind limbs should be drawn up close to the body, which should pass close to the obstacle, while the spine forms a convex arc over the jump called "bascule".
As part of the approval process, stallions and often mares are evaluated in controlled conditions on their personality traits or "interior qualities". This information allows breeders to choose mates properly. The horses with the best marks for interior qualities have kind, personable temperaments, are uncomplicated to ride, strong-nerved and reliable but alert and intelligent. Another quality, called "rideability", is a measure of how comfortable and simple the horse is to ride. High rideability is coveted by amateur riders in particular.
See also
Warmblood
List of horse breeds
References
Horse breeds
Horse breeds originating in Germany
Warmbloods
Western Palatinate | Zweibrücker [SEP] The Zweibrücker (pl. Zweibrücken) is a type of German warmblood horse bred in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland. Traditionally, the breeding of Zweibrücken was centered on the onetime Principal Stud of Zweibrücken but since 1977 has been under the jurisdiction of the Horse Breeders' Association of Rhineland-Palatinate-Saar (PRPS). The modern Zweibrücker is an elegant, large-framed, correct sport horse with powerful, elastic gaits suitable for dressage, show jumping, eventing and combined driving.
State Stud of Zweibrücken
The Rhineland-Palatinate state-owned stud facilities of Zweibrücken house the smallest number of state stallions in Germany, but the region's horse-breeding history is rich. The modern city of Zweibrücken, meaning "two bridges", was a county throughout the Middle Ages and then later on became a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire. The state stud was founded in 1755 by Duke Christian IV following a visit to England. While abroad he admired the refined, spirited English Thoroughbreds, as a breed less than 100 years old at the time. When Christian IV returned to Zweibrücken, he financed the establishment of "royal facilities" throughout the region, populating them with noble stallions and mares.
Christian IV's successor, Charles II August, continued to improve horse-breeding in politically influential Zweibrücken by decreeing that the horses bred there ought to be "good, handsome and useful". This goal was achieved to the effect of gaining the admiration of the King of Prussia, who purchased over 150 Zweibrücken stallions. These sires were sent to the Principal Stud of Trakehnen where the Trakehner was bred for use by the Prussian nobles.
In 1801, Zweibrücken was annexed by France, and the noble horses were moved to Rosiers aux Salines. However, Napoleon saw the stallion and mare herds at Zweibrücken Principal Stud re-established in 1806. The central facility and its many outposts and stallion depots were populated with more than 250 stallions and a herd of over 100 mares purchased from notable German breeding outfits, as well as fashionable Spanish horses and products of the formidable Austro-Hungarian empire. Less than a decade later, Zweibrücken was given to Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, and Zweibrücken was retitled in 1890 as the Principal Royal Bavarian State Stud. During this period, large numbers of Anglo-Normans - Thoroughbred-influenced agricultural horses from France - and Arabians were stationed in Zweibrücken. The first organized breeding of Anglo-Arabian horses occurred at Zweibrücken during this time period. The region became widely known for its refined cavalry horses which combined the size and speed of the Thoroughbred with the more tractable temperament of the Arabian. By 1900, the Principal Stud of Zweibrücken comprised more than 250 head of breeding stock and young horses, 74 of which were state-owned stallions.
The first half of the 20th century was marked by increasing demands for a heavier all-purpose farm horse, which were used extensively in the first World War for pulling artillery wagons. Consequently, the refined riding horses were replaced by heavy warmbloods from Oldenburg. During World War II, the entire city was evacuated and the horses brought to Bavaria. Much of the city was destroyed, and the state stud facilities came under the jurisdiction of the newly formed German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Nearly a quarter of the 58 stallions standing at Zweibrücken were draft horses.
Zweibrücken lost the status of Principal Stud - which keeps a herd of mares in addition to standing stallions - in 1960. As the demand for an athletic riding horse blossomed, the draft horse stallions were replaced by Trakehners. From 1966 to 1976, Trakehner stallions comprised half the stallion roster. Unlike most of the State Studs of Germany, the period for which Zweibrücken stood heavy warmblood stallions was brief; the chief focus of this region has been steadily focused on an elegant riding horse since its construction. Gradually, sires from Hanoverian and Holsteiner bloodlines joined the noble Trakehners, accelerating the local horse-breeding efforts towards the production of a warmblood riding horse.
Today many of the stallion depots and outposts lie in France, while others were purchased by separate entities. Most notable among these was the facility at Birkhausen, which was bought by the Trakehner verband and from which Abiza, dam of the Canadian-born Trakehner Abdullah, was sold. The grounds of the state stud host stallion parades and the month-long stallion performance test for the regional breeding association.
Breeding
Organized breeding through much of the history of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland was managed by the State Stud. The Horse Breeders' Association of Rhineland-Palatinate-Saar (PRPS) was formed in 1977 and directs the breeding of almost all horse breeds within the region. The breed with the largest population within the studbooks is the German Riding or Sport Horse, called the Zweibrücker. The PRPS cooperates with similar associations in Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, Saxony and Thuringia, collectively licensing and approving breeding stock.
Like other German Warmbloods, the breeding of Zweibrücken is characterized by stringent inspection criteria. Foals do not receive their papers until they are presented at a local foal show, at which judges may exclude any foal if it is markedly off-type. Along with their papers, the foals receive a brand on the left hind leg, just behind the stifle. Foal inspections also give an early indication of the quality of the sire, as well as which mares match best with him. At the age of 3, fillies may be upgraded from the foal register to the herd book through a process called Stutbuchaufnahmen or "Marebook Recording". There are several levels of mare book based on the quality of the mare and the completeness of her pedigree, which allows mares of unorthodox breeding to eventually become part of the breeding program. To be written into the herd book and thereby have registered foals, the mare is evaluated on her conformation and gaits. Mares which fail to meet the criteria may be placed in a lower mare book, or be denied altogether. Only mares in the highest mare books can produce breeding stallion sons.
While mares can be entered into the studbook at local shows, the process of having a young stallion approved for breeding is lengthy. Stallion candidates are often identified as foals, and at the age of 2 and a half the best colts attend the licensing in Munich, Bavaria. There they are evaluated along with stallion hopefuls - köraspirants - branded Bavarian Warmblood, Württemberger and Saxony-Thuringian, along with some representatives from other regions. As all of these regions have a common goal in warmblood breeding, they are judged to the same standard. They are evaluated in terms of their conformational correctness, type, gaits and ability free-jumping. The best young stallions receive a temporary license which is accepted by all of the south-German breeding associations. The stallion has a period of a few years during which he must prove himself in performance, and in this way he earns full approval.
This process is common to all German Warmbloods, and is quite similar to the studbook selection process used for other Warmbloods, as well.
Characteristics
The best way to identify a Zweibrücker is by the brand on the left hind leg. It features the two bridges of the city of Zweibrücken topped by a representation of the duke's crown. Otherwise, it is not possible to distinguish a Zweibrücker from a German Warmblood bred elsewhere based solely on appearance. All German Warmblood registries exchange genetic material in an effort to continuously improve their own horses.
Most Zweibrücken are middle-weight horses with "old style" examples heavier set than those deemed "modern" in type. The ideal height is 160 to 170 cm or 15.3 to 16.3hh at the age of 3, but deviations in either direction are not uncommon nor are they disqualifying. The most common colors are bay, chestnut, gray, and black, however several breeders of colored warmbloods have chosen to register their horses as Zweibrücken, so there are tobiano pintos and colors such as palomino, buckskin, and cremello.
The Anglo-Arabian ancestry of the Zweibrücker is found primarily in what remains of its old female families. Today, the Horse Breeders' Association of Rhineland-Palatinate-Saar is known for its liberal pedigree policies, accepting breeding stock from most other warmblood studbooks which are members of the World Breeding Federation for Sport Horses.
The breeding objective, based on market demands, is currently a horse suitable for dressage, jumping, and eventing, though combined driving is also mentioned. In North America, the breeding objective includes suitability for show hunter competition, as well.
Zweibrücken share the standard of German Riding or Sport Horse with their parallels in other regions. Ideally, the horse is characterized by a noble expression, with long-lined and correct conformation. The head is dry, expressive, and aesthetically appealing though need not have out of the ordinary refinement. The topline is long, generous, and slightly curved featuring a medium-length neck set on rather high, a stark, laid-back wither and long sloping shoulder. The loin is well-muscled, the croup is long, slightly tilted, and muscular. The horse stands on a foundation of dry, large joints and correct limbs ending in correct, hard hooves of sufficient size.
In motion the gaits are correct - no deviations when viewed from the front or rear - and expansive with a pure rhythm and suggestive of great work ethic. The qualities of freedom, elasticity, and power are paramount. The walk swings through the neck and back, while the trot is cadenced and powerful. Suspension and elasticity are effects of the ability of the horse's joints to store energy and absorb shock, thus are influential in soundness. The canter is important as an indicator of jumping suitability, and should be cadenced, balanced and powerful.
Zweibrücken, especially stallions, are typically evaluated over fences through free jumping, where the horse is let loose in a chute with specifically measured obstacles. This allows judges to draw conclusions about the horse's jumping abilities without pushing them too fast under saddle. Judges look for a horse which is capable of jumping, having an appearance of ease and confidence as he jumps, without any carelessness. The rhythm of the canter should remain unchanged while the horse adjusts his stride length to leave the ground from the correct place. The fore and hind limbs should be drawn up close to the body, which should pass close to the obstacle, while the spine forms a convex arc over the jump called "bascule".
As part of the approval process, stallions and often mares are evaluated in controlled conditions on their personality traits or "interior qualities". This information allows breeders to choose mates properly. The horses with the best marks for interior qualities have kind, personable temperaments, are uncomplicated to ride, strong-nerved and reliable but alert and intelligent. Another quality, called "rideability", is a measure of how comfortable and simple the horse is to ride. High rideability is coveted by amateur riders in particular.
See also
Warmblood
List of horse breeds
References
Horse breeds
Horse breeds originating in Germany
Warmbloods
Western Palatinate |
15824795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Dailey | Albert Dailey | Albert Preston Dailey (June 16, 1939 – June 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist.
Early life
Dailey was born in Baltimore, Maryland. His parents were Albert Preston Dailey Sr, and Gertrude Johnson Dailey. He began studying piano as a child, and his first professional appearances were with the house band of the Baltimore Royal Theater in the early 1950s. Later in the decade, he studied at Morgan State University and the Peabody Conservatory.
Later life and career
He backed Damita Jo DuBlanc on tour from 1960 to 1963, and following this briefly put together his own trio in Washington, D.C., playing at the Bohemian Caverns. In 1964, he moved to New York City, where he played with Dexter Gordon, Roy Haynes, Sarah Vaughan, Charles Mingus, and Freddie Hubbard. In 1967, he played with Woody Herman at the Monterey Jazz Festival, and played intermittently with Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers from 1968 to 1969.
In the 1970s, Dailey played with Sonny Rollins, Stan Getz, Elvin Jones, and Archie Shepp. In the 1980s, he undertook concerts at Carnegie Hall and was a member of the Upper Manhattan Jazz Society with Charlie Rouse, Benny Bailey, and Buster Williams.
Dailey died in Denver on June 26, 1984, aged 45. Dailey is survived by his 3 children, 5 grandchildren, and 4 great-grandchildren.
Discography
As leader/co-leader
As sideman
With Ray Alexander
Cloud Patterns (Nerus Records, 1983) - live at Eddie Condon's
With Gary Bartz
Libra (Milestone, 1968)
With Art Blakey
Backgammon (Roulette, 1976)
With Junior CookGood Cookin' (Muse, 1979)
With Larry CoryellComin' Home (Muse, 1984)
With Eddie "Lockjaw" DavisThe Heavy Hitter (Muse, 1979)
With Walt Dickerson
To My Queen Revisited (SteepleChase, 1978)
With Art Farmer
The Time and the Place: The Lost Concert (Mosaic, 1966 [2007])
With Ricky FordTenor for the Times (Muse, 1981)Future's Gold (Muse, 1983)
With Frank Foster
Fearless Frank Foster (Prestige, 1965)
With Stan Getz
The Best of Two Worlds (Columbia, 1975)
The Master (Columbia, 1975 [1982])
Poetry (Elektra/Musician, 1983)
With Bunky GreenTransformations (Vanguard, 1977)Places We've Never Been (Vanguard, 1979)
With Slide Hampton
World of Trombones (West 54, 1979)
With Tom Harrell
Play of Light (1982)
With Freddie Hubbard
Backlash (Atlantic, 1966)
With Budd JohnsonOff the Wall (Argo, 1964) with Joe Newman
With Elvin Jones
Summit Meeting (Vanguard, 1976) with James Moody, Clark Terry, Bunky Green and Roland Prince
The Main Force (Vanguard, 1976)
With Lee Konitz
Figure & Spirit (Progressive, 1976)
With Oliver Nelson
Encyclopedia of Jazz (Verve, 1966)
The Sound of Feeling (Verve, 1966)
With Dizzy Reece
Manhattan Project (1978)
With Charlie RouseThe Upper Manhattan Jazz Society (Enja, 1981 [1985]) with Benny Bailey
Social Call (Uptown, 1984) with Red Rodney
With Archie Shepp
Ballads for Trane (Denon, 1977)
With Malachi ThompsonSpirit (Delmark, 1983)
With Harold Vick
The Caribbean Suite (RCA Victor, 1966)
Straight Up'' (RCA Victor, 1967)
References
1939 births
1984 deaths
American jazz pianists
American male jazz pianists
Musicians from Baltimore
SteepleChase Records artists
Muse Records artists
Columbia Records artists
20th-century American pianists
Deaths from pneumonia in Colorado
Jazz musicians from Maryland
20th-century American male musicians | Albert Dailey [SEP] Albert Preston Dailey (June 16, 1939 – June 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist.
Early life
Dailey was born in Baltimore, Maryland. His parents were Albert Preston Dailey Sr, and Gertrude Johnson Dailey. He began studying piano as a child, and his first professional appearances were with the house band of the Baltimore Royal Theater in the early 1950s. Later in the decade, he studied at Morgan State University and the Peabody Conservatory.
Later life and career
He backed Damita Jo DuBlanc on tour from 1960 to 1963, and following this briefly put together his own trio in Washington, D.C., playing at the Bohemian Caverns. In 1964, he moved to New York City, where he played with Dexter Gordon, Roy Haynes, Sarah Vaughan, Charles Mingus, and Freddie Hubbard. In 1967, he played with Woody Herman at the Monterey Jazz Festival, and played intermittently with Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers from 1968 to 1969.
In the 1970s, Dailey played with Sonny Rollins, Stan Getz, Elvin Jones, and Archie Shepp. In the 1980s, he undertook concerts at Carnegie Hall and was a member of the Upper Manhattan Jazz Society with Charlie Rouse, Benny Bailey, and Buster Williams.
Dailey died in Denver on June 26, 1984, aged 45. Dailey is survived by his 3 children, 5 grandchildren, and 4 great-grandchildren.
Discography
As leader/co-leader
As sideman
With Ray Alexander
Cloud Patterns (Nerus Records, 1983) - live at Eddie Condon's
With Gary Bartz
Libra (Milestone, 1968)
With Art Blakey
Backgammon (Roulette, 1976)
With Junior CookGood Cookin' (Muse, 1979)
With Larry CoryellComin' Home (Muse, 1984)
With Eddie "Lockjaw" DavisThe Heavy Hitter (Muse, 1979)
With Walt Dickerson
To My Queen Revisited (SteepleChase, 1978)
With Art Farmer
The Time and the Place: The Lost Concert (Mosaic, 1966 [2007])
With Ricky FordTenor for the Times (Muse, 1981)Future's Gold (Muse, 1983)
With Frank Foster
Fearless Frank Foster (Prestige, 1965)
With Stan Getz
The Best of Two Worlds (Columbia, 1975)
The Master (Columbia, 1975 [1982])
Poetry (Elektra/Musician, 1983)
With Bunky GreenTransformations (Vanguard, 1977)Places We've Never Been (Vanguard, 1979)
With Slide Hampton
World of Trombones (West 54, 1979)
With Tom Harrell
Play of Light (1982)
With Freddie Hubbard
Backlash (Atlantic, 1966)
With Budd JohnsonOff the Wall (Argo, 1964) with Joe Newman
With Elvin Jones
Summit Meeting (Vanguard, 1976) with James Moody, Clark Terry, Bunky Green and Roland Prince
The Main Force (Vanguard, 1976)
With Lee Konitz
Figure & Spirit (Progressive, 1976)
With Oliver Nelson
Encyclopedia of Jazz (Verve, 1966)
The Sound of Feeling (Verve, 1966)
With Dizzy Reece
Manhattan Project (1978)
With Charlie RouseThe Upper Manhattan Jazz Society (Enja, 1981 [1985]) with Benny Bailey
Social Call (Uptown, 1984) with Red Rodney
With Archie Shepp
Ballads for Trane (Denon, 1977)
With Malachi ThompsonSpirit (Delmark, 1983)
With Harold Vick
The Caribbean Suite (RCA Victor, 1966)
Straight Up'' (RCA Victor, 1967)
References
1939 births
1984 deaths
American jazz pianists
American male jazz pianists
Musicians from Baltimore
SteepleChase Records artists
Muse Records artists
Columbia Records artists
20th-century American pianists
Deaths from pneumonia in Colorado
Jazz musicians from Maryland
20th-century American male musicians |
15824796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Adventures%20of%20Superman%20episodes | List of Adventures of Superman episodes | This is a list of Adventures of Superman episodes.
The first two seasons, comprising 52 episodes and half of the series' whole, were filmed in black and white. In 1954, series producer Whitney Ellsworth insisted on filming in color, as some home viewers were beginning to purchase color television sets. However, these episodes were still transmitted in black and white. Also beginning with season three, the series began to take on the lighthearted, whimsical tone of the Superman comic books of the 1950s. The villains were often caricatured, Runyonesque gangsters played with tongue in cheek. Violence on the show was toned down further. The only gunfire that occurred was aimed at Superman, and of course the bullets bounced off. Superman was less likely to engage in fisticuffs with the villains. On occasions when Superman did use physical force, he would take crooks out in a single karate-style chop or, if he happened to have two criminals in hand, banging their heads together. More often than not, the villains were likely to knock themselves out fleeing Superman. By then very popular to viewers, Jimmy Olsen was now being played as the show's comic foil to Superman. Many of the plots featured him and Lois Lane being captured, only to be rescued at the last minute by Superman.
Scripts for the last season did not always hit the campy lows of the previous two years and reestablished a bit of the seriousness of the show, often with science fiction elements such as a Kryptonite-powered robot (a left-over prop from "The Bowery Boys Meet the Monsters"), atomic explosions, and impregnable metal cubes. In one of the last episodes, "The Perils of Superman" (a takeoff on The Perils of Pauline), there was indeed deadly peril straight out of the movie serials: Lois gagged and tied to a set of railroad tracks with a speeding train bearing down on her, Perry White nearly sawed in half while tied to a log, Jimmy in a runaway car headed for a cliff, and Clark Kent immersed in a vat of acid. This was one of three episodes directed by George Reeves himself in an attempt to inject some new life into the series. Noel Neill's hair was dyed a bright red for this season, though the color change was not apparent in the initial black-and-white broadcasts. Although Reeves's efforts did not save the series from cancellation, "The Perils of Superman" is regarded by some as one of the best episodes. The numbering scheme in the following list is derived from the purely consecutive numbering used in Superman: Serial to Cereal.
Series overview
All six seasons of this series have been released on four DVD box sets by Warner Bros. Home Video.
Episodes
The following list of episodes is compiled from the websites IMDb.com (Internet Movie Database), Supermanhomepage.com, Answers.com, and Fandango.com.
Season 1 (1952–53)
Season 2 (1953–54)
Season 3 (1955)
Season 4 (1956)
Season 5 (1957)
Season 6 (1958)
References
Sources
Superman: Serial to Cereal, by Gary H. Grossman, 1976
Adventures of Superman. Complete series DVD. Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. 2006, 2007.
Lists of American fantasy television series episodes
Superman television series episodes
Lists of DC Comics television series episodes | List of Adventures of Superman episodes [SEP] This is a list of Adventures of Superman episodes.
The first two seasons, comprising 52 episodes and half of the series' whole, were filmed in black and white. In 1954, series producer Whitney Ellsworth insisted on filming in color, as some home viewers were beginning to purchase color television sets. However, these episodes were still transmitted in black and white. Also beginning with season three, the series began to take on the lighthearted, whimsical tone of the Superman comic books of the 1950s. The villains were often caricatured, Runyonesque gangsters played with tongue in cheek. Violence on the show was toned down further. The only gunfire that occurred was aimed at Superman, and of course the bullets bounced off. Superman was less likely to engage in fisticuffs with the villains. On occasions when Superman did use physical force, he would take crooks out in a single karate-style chop or, if he happened to have two criminals in hand, banging their heads together. More often than not, the villains were likely to knock themselves out fleeing Superman. By then very popular to viewers, Jimmy Olsen was now being played as the show's comic foil to Superman. Many of the plots featured him and Lois Lane being captured, only to be rescued at the last minute by Superman.
Scripts for the last season did not always hit the campy lows of the previous two years and reestablished a bit of the seriousness of the show, often with science fiction elements such as a Kryptonite-powered robot (a left-over prop from "The Bowery Boys Meet the Monsters"), atomic explosions, and impregnable metal cubes. In one of the last episodes, "The Perils of Superman" (a takeoff on The Perils of Pauline), there was indeed deadly peril straight out of the movie serials: Lois gagged and tied to a set of railroad tracks with a speeding train bearing down on her, Perry White nearly sawed in half while tied to a log, Jimmy in a runaway car headed for a cliff, and Clark Kent immersed in a vat of acid. This was one of three episodes directed by George Reeves himself in an attempt to inject some new life into the series. Noel Neill's hair was dyed a bright red for this season, though the color change was not apparent in the initial black-and-white broadcasts. Although Reeves's efforts did not save the series from cancellation, "The Perils of Superman" is regarded by some as one of the best episodes. The numbering scheme in the following list is derived from the purely consecutive numbering used in Superman: Serial to Cereal.
Series overview
All six seasons of this series have been released on four DVD box sets by Warner Bros. Home Video.
Episodes
The following list of episodes is compiled from the websites IMDb.com (Internet Movie Database), Supermanhomepage.com, Answers.com, and Fandango.com.
Season 1 (1952–53)
Season 2 (1953–54)
Season 3 (1955)
Season 4 (1956)
Season 5 (1957)
Season 6 (1958)
References
Sources
Superman: Serial to Cereal, by Gary H. Grossman, 1976
Adventures of Superman. Complete series DVD. Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. 2006, 2007.
Lists of American fantasy television series episodes
Superman television series episodes
Lists of DC Comics television series episodes |
15824799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Ridgefield | Battle of Ridgefield | The Battle of Ridgefield was a series of American Revolutionary War skirmishes in Danbury, Connecticut and Ridgefield, Connecticut.
History
On April 25, a British force under the command of the Royal Governor of the Province of New York, Major General William Tryon, landed at Compo, Connecticut between Fairfield and Norwalk in what is present-day Westport, and marched from there to Danbury. There, they destroyed Continental Army supplies after chasing off a small garrison of troops. Connecticut militia leaders Major General David Wooster, Brigadier General Gold S. Silliman, and Brigadier General Benedict Arnold raised a combined force of roughly 700 Continental Army regular and irregular local militia forces to oppose the British, but could not reach Danbury in time to prevent the destruction of the supplies. Instead, they set out to harass the British on their return to the coast.
On April 27, the company led by Wooster twice attacked Tryon's rear guard during their march south. In the second encounter, Wooster was mortally wounded and died five days later. The main encounter then took place at Ridgefield, where several hundred militia under Arnold's command confronted the British and were driven away in a running battle down the town's main street, but not before inflicting casualties on the British.
The expedition was a tactical success for the British forces, but their actions in pursuing the raid galvanized Patriot support in Connecticut. While the British again made raids on Connecticut's coastal communities, they made no more raids that penetrated far into the countryside.
Background
Troops left to defend New York were to include a brigade of 3,000 provincial troops under the command of New York's former royal governor William Tryon, who was given a temporary promotion to "major general of the provincials" in spring 1777. Howe's plan included authorizing Tryon to operate on the Hudson River or to "enter Connecticut as circumstances may point out." Tryon was given one of the early operations of the season, a raid against a Continental Army depot at Danbury, Connecticut. Howe had learned of the depot's existence through a spy working for British Indian agent Guy Johnson, and he had also met with some success in an earlier raid against the Continental Army outpost at Peekskill, New York.
A fleet was assembled consisting of 12 transports, a hospital ship, and some small craft, all under the command of Captain Henry Duncan. The landing force consisted of 1,500 regulars drawn from the 4th, 15th, 23rd, 27th, 44th, and 64th regiments, 300 Loyalists from the Prince of Wales American Regiment led by Montfort Browne, and a small contingent of the 17th Light Dragoons, all led by Generals Sir William Erskine and James Agnew. Command of the entire operation was given to General Tryon, and the fleet sailed from New York on April 22, 1777.
The Danbury depot had been established in 1776 by order of the Second Continental Congress, and it primarily served forces located in the Hudson River valley. In April 1777, the army began mustering regiments for that year's campaigns, and there were about 50 Continental Army soldiers and 100 local militia at Danbury under the command of Joseph Platt Cooke, a local resident and a colonel in the state militia.
Danbury
The British fleet was first spotted when it passed Norwalk. When the troops landed messengers were dispatched to warn Danbury and local militia leaders of the movements. Generals Wooster and Arnold were in New Haven when messengers reached them on April 26. Wooster immediately sent the local militia to Fairfield. When he and Arnold reached Fairfield, they learned that General Silliman had already departed for Redding, with orders that any militia raised should follow as rapidly as possible; they immediately moved in that direction. The forces assembled at Redding moved toward Danbury in a pouring rain, but had only reached Bethel, about short of Danbury by 11 pm, where they decided to spend the night rather than press on to Danbury with wet gunpowder. The forces consisted of about 500 regular militia members and about 200 volunteers.
See also
List of American Revolutionary War battles
References
Bibliography
Further reading
1777 in Connecticut
1777 in the United States
Ridgefield
Ridgefield
Ridgefield
Ridgefield
Conflicts in 1777
Events in Fairfield County, Connecticut
Ridgefield, Connecticut | Battle of Ridgefield [SEP] The Battle of Ridgefield was a series of American Revolutionary War skirmishes in Danbury, Connecticut and Ridgefield, Connecticut.
History
On April 25, a British force under the command of the Royal Governor of the Province of New York, Major General William Tryon, landed at Compo, Connecticut between Fairfield and Norwalk in what is present-day Westport, and marched from there to Danbury. There, they destroyed Continental Army supplies after chasing off a small garrison of troops. Connecticut militia leaders Major General David Wooster, Brigadier General Gold S. Silliman, and Brigadier General Benedict Arnold raised a combined force of roughly 700 Continental Army regular and irregular local militia forces to oppose the British, but could not reach Danbury in time to prevent the destruction of the supplies. Instead, they set out to harass the British on their return to the coast.
On April 27, the company led by Wooster twice attacked Tryon's rear guard during their march south. In the second encounter, Wooster was mortally wounded and died five days later. The main encounter then took place at Ridgefield, where several hundred militia under Arnold's command confronted the British and were driven away in a running battle down the town's main street, but not before inflicting casualties on the British.
The expedition was a tactical success for the British forces, but their actions in pursuing the raid galvanized Patriot support in Connecticut. While the British again made raids on Connecticut's coastal communities, they made no more raids that penetrated far into the countryside.
Background
Troops left to defend New York were to include a brigade of 3,000 provincial troops under the command of New York's former royal governor William Tryon, who was given a temporary promotion to "major general of the provincials" in spring 1777. Howe's plan included authorizing Tryon to operate on the Hudson River or to "enter Connecticut as circumstances may point out." Tryon was given one of the early operations of the season, a raid against a Continental Army depot at Danbury, Connecticut. Howe had learned of the depot's existence through a spy working for British Indian agent Guy Johnson, and he had also met with some success in an earlier raid against the Continental Army outpost at Peekskill, New York.
A fleet was assembled consisting of 12 transports, a hospital ship, and some small craft, all under the command of Captain Henry Duncan. The landing force consisted of 1,500 regulars drawn from the 4th, 15th, 23rd, 27th, 44th, and 64th regiments, 300 Loyalists from the Prince of Wales American Regiment led by Montfort Browne, and a small contingent of the 17th Light Dragoons, all led by Generals Sir William Erskine and James Agnew. Command of the entire operation was given to General Tryon, and the fleet sailed from New York on April 22, 1777.
The Danbury depot had been established in 1776 by order of the Second Continental Congress, and it primarily served forces located in the Hudson River valley. In April 1777, the army began mustering regiments for that year's campaigns, and there were about 50 Continental Army soldiers and 100 local militia at Danbury under the command of Joseph Platt Cooke, a local resident and a colonel in the state militia.
Danbury
The British fleet was first spotted when it passed Norwalk. When the troops landed messengers were dispatched to warn Danbury and local militia leaders of the movements. Generals Wooster and Arnold were in New Haven when messengers reached them on April 26. Wooster immediately sent the local militia to Fairfield. When he and Arnold reached Fairfield, they learned that General Silliman had already departed for Redding, with orders that any militia raised should follow as rapidly as possible; they immediately moved in that direction. The forces assembled at Redding moved toward Danbury in a pouring rain, but had only reached Bethel, about short of Danbury by 11 pm, where they decided to spend the night rather than press on to Danbury with wet gunpowder. The forces consisted of about 500 regular militia members and about 200 volunteers.
See also
List of American Revolutionary War battles
References
Bibliography
Further reading
1777 in Connecticut
1777 in the United States
Ridgefield
Ridgefield
Ridgefield
Ridgefield
Conflicts in 1777
Events in Fairfield County, Connecticut
Ridgefield, Connecticut |
15824807 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altri%20Libertini | Altri Libertini | Altri Libertini is the first book by the Italian writer, Pier Vittorio Tondelli.
It was published in 1980 by Feltrinelli and features a collection of six stories which are loosely related to one another: Postoristoro, Mimi e istrioni, Viaggio, Senso contrario, Altri libertini, and Autobahn. The stories present the lives and exploits of young men and women caught up in the 1980s, and Tondelli, through his writings, depicts their dreams, pains, emotional outbursts, ingenuity and, at times, their irreparable mistakes.
The book received considerable attention upon publication and was censored by the authorities for obscenities only twenty days after its appearance in bookstores in Italy as it was being prepared for its third edition.
While the book is a series of short stories, the author preferred to describe the work as a romanzo a episodi (serial novel), in order to emphasise the thread that connected all of the stories to each other.
Footnotes
External links
Altri Libertini article from Liber Liber
Altri Libertini article from Centro di Documentazione Pier Vittorio Tondelli
Italian books | Altri Libertini [SEP] Altri Libertini is the first book by the Italian writer, Pier Vittorio Tondelli.
It was published in 1980 by Feltrinelli and features a collection of six stories which are loosely related to one another: Postoristoro, Mimi e istrioni, Viaggio, Senso contrario, Altri libertini, and Autobahn. The stories present the lives and exploits of young men and women caught up in the 1980s, and Tondelli, through his writings, depicts their dreams, pains, emotional outbursts, ingenuity and, at times, their irreparable mistakes.
The book received considerable attention upon publication and was censored by the authorities for obscenities only twenty days after its appearance in bookstores in Italy as it was being prepared for its third edition.
While the book is a series of short stories, the author preferred to describe the work as a romanzo a episodi (serial novel), in order to emphasise the thread that connected all of the stories to each other.
Footnotes
External links
Altri Libertini article from Liber Liber
Altri Libertini article from Centro di Documentazione Pier Vittorio Tondelli
Italian books |
15824823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto%20Rico%20Highway%2053 | Puerto Rico Highway 53 | Puerto Rico Highway 53 (PR-53) or unsigned Interstate PR3 is a main tollway that is parallel to Puerto Rico Highway 3, which goes from Fajardo to Salinas. Some segments are still in planning, but when finished it will be about in length. Two tunnels, about 0.6 mi (1 km) long each, in the towns of Yabucoa and Maunabo were completed in . It will connect the cities of Fajardo, Ceiba, Naguabo, Humacao, Yabucoa, Maunabo, Patillas, Arroyo, Guayama and Salinas, thus bordering the entire eastern and southeastern coasts of Puerto Rico. Its northern terminus is at PR-3 and PR-194 in Fajardo, and its south terminus is at PR-52 in Salinas.
Route description
The highway consists of five toll plazas; these are at Ceiba Norte, Humacao Norte, Humacao Sur (near Palmas del Mar), Guayama and Salinas. All toll plazas have AutoExpreso lanes.
Three phases of the tollway have been completed: the first one was from Salinas to Guayama, which is about long (milepost 83 to 95 km), the second from Fajardo to Yabucoa at (This includes an incomplete bridge in Yabucoa that does not fall into the high-speed highway classification in the interstate system as it is only one lane per direction and will require the addition of an additional bridge or constructing a bridge over the existing bridge, as it lies in a main corn and plantain field.) Recently , between Yabucoa and Maunabo, includes the last tunnel, Vicente Morales, was opened in October 2008. The total constructed highway at this time is , leaving nearly to be constructed in Yabucoa (including the other additional tunnel) and from Maunabo to Guayama which is the longest to-be-built segment. The lanes in the Yabucoa segments were divided by painted yellow lines and no-passing zone boards, but a concrete median barrier had to be installed because some cars still passed others going slower, resulting in deadly head-on collisions; illegal night races also had deadly consequences.
PR-53 is the tollway with the lowest traffic in Puerto Rico, and very few congestion jams have been reported. PR-53 does not enter highly populated towns (none of them are over 100,000; the largest are Fajardo, Humacao and Guayama) and is not close to increase its traffic due to the fact that most of the population in the east part of Puerto Rico live in the San Juan metro area, Caguas and Cayey, cities where PR-53 makes no appearance; and the main traffic in Humacao is mostly located on the PR-30 and PR-60 highways. The center/business area of Humacao is accessed via PR-30 and PR-60, not by PR-53. Because of this, PR-53 has no more than two lanes per direction in the constructed segments and will probably have no more than two lanes per direction in the entire length.
PR-53 is also prone to flooding in the areas near Naguabo and Fajardo: during heavy rains, it is sometimes closed to traffic. There are current proposals to convert PR-3 from Rio Grande to Fajardo into a freeway to provide a controlled-access route between PR-53's northern terminus and the second phase of PR-66. At the rate of construction, the entire PR-53 corridor might be completed within the next ten years. The first segment of PR-53 was opened in 1994; from Fajardo to Ceiba, in 1994, and from Ceiba to Humacao, in 1997, except between exit 13 and 17 in summer 2002.
Tolls
Exit list
See also
Interstate Highways in Puerto Rico
José Celso Barbosa
References
External links
Hawaii Highways: Puerto Rico – Puerto Rico Interstate Photographs (2002)
053
53
53
Tolled sections of Interstate Highways | Puerto Rico Highway 53 [SEP] Puerto Rico Highway 53 (PR-53) or unsigned Interstate PR3 is a main tollway that is parallel to Puerto Rico Highway 3, which goes from Fajardo to Salinas. Some segments are still in planning, but when finished it will be about in length. Two tunnels, about 0.6 mi (1 km) long each, in the towns of Yabucoa and Maunabo were completed in . It will connect the cities of Fajardo, Ceiba, Naguabo, Humacao, Yabucoa, Maunabo, Patillas, Arroyo, Guayama and Salinas, thus bordering the entire eastern and southeastern coasts of Puerto Rico. Its northern terminus is at PR-3 and PR-194 in Fajardo, and its south terminus is at PR-52 in Salinas.
Route description
The highway consists of five toll plazas; these are at Ceiba Norte, Humacao Norte, Humacao Sur (near Palmas del Mar), Guayama and Salinas. All toll plazas have AutoExpreso lanes.
Three phases of the tollway have been completed: the first one was from Salinas to Guayama, which is about long (milepost 83 to 95 km), the second from Fajardo to Yabucoa at (This includes an incomplete bridge in Yabucoa that does not fall into the high-speed highway classification in the interstate system as it is only one lane per direction and will require the addition of an additional bridge or constructing a bridge over the existing bridge, as it lies in a main corn and plantain field.) Recently , between Yabucoa and Maunabo, includes the last tunnel, Vicente Morales, was opened in October 2008. The total constructed highway at this time is , leaving nearly to be constructed in Yabucoa (including the other additional tunnel) and from Maunabo to Guayama which is the longest to-be-built segment. The lanes in the Yabucoa segments were divided by painted yellow lines and no-passing zone boards, but a concrete median barrier had to be installed because some cars still passed others going slower, resulting in deadly head-on collisions; illegal night races also had deadly consequences.
PR-53 is the tollway with the lowest traffic in Puerto Rico, and very few congestion jams have been reported. PR-53 does not enter highly populated towns (none of them are over 100,000; the largest are Fajardo, Humacao and Guayama) and is not close to increase its traffic due to the fact that most of the population in the east part of Puerto Rico live in the San Juan metro area, Caguas and Cayey, cities where PR-53 makes no appearance; and the main traffic in Humacao is mostly located on the PR-30 and PR-60 highways. The center/business area of Humacao is accessed via PR-30 and PR-60, not by PR-53. Because of this, PR-53 has no more than two lanes per direction in the constructed segments and will probably have no more than two lanes per direction in the entire length.
PR-53 is also prone to flooding in the areas near Naguabo and Fajardo: during heavy rains, it is sometimes closed to traffic. There are current proposals to convert PR-3 from Rio Grande to Fajardo into a freeway to provide a controlled-access route between PR-53's northern terminus and the second phase of PR-66. At the rate of construction, the entire PR-53 corridor might be completed within the next ten years. The first segment of PR-53 was opened in 1994; from Fajardo to Ceiba, in 1994, and from Ceiba to Humacao, in 1997, except between exit 13 and 17 in summer 2002.
Tolls
Exit list
See also
Interstate Highways in Puerto Rico
José Celso Barbosa
References
External links
Hawaii Highways: Puerto Rico – Puerto Rico Interstate Photographs (2002)
053
53
53
Tolled sections of Interstate Highways |
15824828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pouce%20Coupe%20River | Pouce Coupe River | The Pouce Coupe River is a major tributary of the Peace River in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada. Its name is officially spelled Pouce Coupé River, but it is commonly written without the acute accent.
Originating in Alberta's Saddle Hills County, it flows into British Columbia's Peace River Regional District, then returns in Alberta in Saddle Hill County, where it empties into the Peace River.
The region of Pouce Coupe Prairie, from which the river and village of Pouce Coupe take their names, was called that for a Beaver Indian Chief named 'Pouscapee'. The first European settler in the region was Hector Tremblay, who built a cabin there in 1898. Tremblay, of French origin, translated 'Pouskapee's Prairie' into the nearest French words of similar sound (, meaning "cut thumb" or "cut-off thumb").
Course
The Pouce Coupe originates in a small lake in northern Alberta, at an elevation of , in the Pouce Coupe Prairie of the southern Peace River Country, west of Spirit River and Woking, between Saddle Hills and Blueberry Hill. It flows west and receives the waters of Boone Creek before reaching the British Columbia–Alberta border.
The river then turns northwest to the village of Pouce Coupe. The Pouce Coupe Regional Park is established on the banks of the river east of the village and Highway2, at the confluence with Bissette Creek.
It receives the waters of Dawson Creek east of the city of Dawson Creek, then turns northeast, entering once again the province of Alberta, north of Highway 49. The course runs through a canyon that reaches depths of in this section. Ammonite fossils harvested from the geological formations opened in the canyon can be found in the Dawson Creek Northern Alberta Railways Park museum. The river continues north and empties into the Peace River, south of Highway 64, at an elevation of .
Tributaries and crossings
From its origin to its mouth, Pouce Coupe River encounters the following tributaries and crossings:
See also
List of rivers of British Columbia
List of rivers of Alberta
References
Rivers of British Columbia
Rivers of Alberta
Peace River Country
Peace River Regional District | Pouce Coupe River [SEP] The Pouce Coupe River is a major tributary of the Peace River in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada. Its name is officially spelled Pouce Coupé River, but it is commonly written without the acute accent.
Originating in Alberta's Saddle Hills County, it flows into British Columbia's Peace River Regional District, then returns in Alberta in Saddle Hill County, where it empties into the Peace River.
The region of Pouce Coupe Prairie, from which the river and village of Pouce Coupe take their names, was called that for a Beaver Indian Chief named 'Pouscapee'. The first European settler in the region was Hector Tremblay, who built a cabin there in 1898. Tremblay, of French origin, translated 'Pouskapee's Prairie' into the nearest French words of similar sound (, meaning "cut thumb" or "cut-off thumb").
Course
The Pouce Coupe originates in a small lake in northern Alberta, at an elevation of , in the Pouce Coupe Prairie of the southern Peace River Country, west of Spirit River and Woking, between Saddle Hills and Blueberry Hill. It flows west and receives the waters of Boone Creek before reaching the British Columbia–Alberta border.
The river then turns northwest to the village of Pouce Coupe. The Pouce Coupe Regional Park is established on the banks of the river east of the village and Highway2, at the confluence with Bissette Creek.
It receives the waters of Dawson Creek east of the city of Dawson Creek, then turns northeast, entering once again the province of Alberta, north of Highway 49. The course runs through a canyon that reaches depths of in this section. Ammonite fossils harvested from the geological formations opened in the canyon can be found in the Dawson Creek Northern Alberta Railways Park museum. The river continues north and empties into the Peace River, south of Highway 64, at an elevation of .
Tributaries and crossings
From its origin to its mouth, Pouce Coupe River encounters the following tributaries and crossings:
See also
List of rivers of British Columbia
List of rivers of Alberta
References
Rivers of British Columbia
Rivers of Alberta
Peace River Country
Peace River Regional District |
15824829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish%20Abroad%20Unit | Irish Abroad Unit | The Irish Abroad Unit was established in 2004 following an announcement by Brian Cowen TD, then Irish Minister of Foreign Affairs. The Irish Abroad Unit is a dedicated Unit within the Department of Foreign Affairs and coordinates the provision of services to Irish emigrants across the globe and administers financial support to organizations in the voluntary sector engaged in the delivery of services to Irish emigrants.
Grants are extended to groups in the voluntary sector who provide advice and support to Irish people abroad, particularly those that help migrants access their rights and entitlements in their host countries. Priority is given to organizations that support the most vulnerable and marginalized, such as the older Irish community in Great Britain and undocumented Irish in the United States. Smaller grants have also been allocated to Irish groups in Australia, Canada, Argentina, South Africa, Zimbabwe, New Zealand, Singapore, France and Mexico as well as to a number of organizations in Ireland who provide pre-departure information and also advice to those emigrants who may be considering returning to Ireland. In 2007, the Irish Abroad Unit awarded grants of €14.165 million to organizations in eleven different countries.
Following increases in funding, the program has expanded to include a number of capital projects, as well as culture and heritage projects that support community networks and build on the interest of citizens abroad in their Irish heritage.
In general, recipients of Emigrant Services funding are Irish community organizations who have a functioning board of management, show clear objectives and have an accounting framework in place. The payment of grants to individual Irish citizens’ resident abroad is beyond the remit of the Irish Abroad Unit.
References
External links
Department of Foreign Affairs
Emigrant Advice Network
Federation of Irish Societies, Great Britain
Coalition of Irish Immigration Centers, USA
Overseas Irish organisations
Department of Foreign Affairs (Ireland)
Foreign relations of Ireland | Irish Abroad Unit [SEP] The Irish Abroad Unit was established in 2004 following an announcement by Brian Cowen TD, then Irish Minister of Foreign Affairs. The Irish Abroad Unit is a dedicated Unit within the Department of Foreign Affairs and coordinates the provision of services to Irish emigrants across the globe and administers financial support to organizations in the voluntary sector engaged in the delivery of services to Irish emigrants.
Grants are extended to groups in the voluntary sector who provide advice and support to Irish people abroad, particularly those that help migrants access their rights and entitlements in their host countries. Priority is given to organizations that support the most vulnerable and marginalized, such as the older Irish community in Great Britain and undocumented Irish in the United States. Smaller grants have also been allocated to Irish groups in Australia, Canada, Argentina, South Africa, Zimbabwe, New Zealand, Singapore, France and Mexico as well as to a number of organizations in Ireland who provide pre-departure information and also advice to those emigrants who may be considering returning to Ireland. In 2007, the Irish Abroad Unit awarded grants of €14.165 million to organizations in eleven different countries.
Following increases in funding, the program has expanded to include a number of capital projects, as well as culture and heritage projects that support community networks and build on the interest of citizens abroad in their Irish heritage.
In general, recipients of Emigrant Services funding are Irish community organizations who have a functioning board of management, show clear objectives and have an accounting framework in place. The payment of grants to individual Irish citizens’ resident abroad is beyond the remit of the Irish Abroad Unit.
References
External links
Department of Foreign Affairs
Emigrant Advice Network
Federation of Irish Societies, Great Britain
Coalition of Irish Immigration Centers, USA
Overseas Irish organisations
Department of Foreign Affairs (Ireland)
Foreign relations of Ireland |
15824854 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis%20Yancey | Lewis Yancey | Captain Lewis Alonzo Yancey (September 16, 1895 – March 2, 1940) was an American aviator and air navigator who toured America, Central America, and the Caribbean in a Pitcairn autogyro.
Biography
Born in Chicago, Yancey enlisted in the United States Navy in 1911 and was made a lieutenant during World War I. He left the Navy in 1921 and became a ship's officer for the Isthmian Steamship Company. With continued study, he achieved master mariner status and the title of Captain.
Yancey joined the United States Coast Guard in April 1925 and became interested in aviation and the science of navigation then. His knowledge of air navigation put him in demand with pilots in the late 1920s and early 1930s. In 1927, he made his first transcontinental flight as co-pilot.
History-making flights
In 1929, Yancey and Roger Q. Williams made their historic flight from Old Orchard Beach, Maine to Rome. En route, their Bellanca monoplane "The Pathfinder", hit fog and was forced to fly blind for most of their first day. However, due to Yancey's navigational calculations, once able to see their way, the team found themselves still exactly on course. Their one emergency stop, in Santander, Spain, occurred thirty-one hours and thirty minutes into the flight. Upon arriving in Rome, Yancey and Williams were met with crowds "almost as fervent" as those greeting Lindbergh in Paris.
In 1930, Yancey, William H. Alexander, and Zeh Bouck made the first-ever flight from New York to Bermuda in a Stinson monoplane equipped with pontoons. Forced down, the plane spent the night at sea but was able to take off again under its own power the next morning; the first plane ever to do so. The crew made the flight in about eight and a half hours of flying time.
In 1938, Yancey flew with Richard Archbold to New Guinea for the American Museum of Natural History.
Death, tributes, and legacy
Yancey died unexpectedly of a cerebral hemorrhage at his home in Yonkers, New York. He was 44.
In his lifetime, Yancey received decorations from Albert I of Belgium, Pope Pius XI, Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and Benito Mussolini. From the U.S. Navy, Yancey received a medal for his work on meteorology during World War I.
Yancey was the author of several books on aviation including Aerial Navigation and Meteorology (1929). He frequently contributed stories about his flights to The New York Times, once sending a story via radio from 3,500 feet in the air. Yancey advocated making radio communication a regular function of flying. He advised that a radio operator be part of a flight crew so the pilot would not have to divide his attention while flying.
Considered a celebrity for his accomplishments, in New York City Yancey's likeness was captured in caricature for Sardi's, the theater district restaurant. The picture is now part of the collection of the New York Public Library.
Yancey is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
See also
1932 in aviation
List of caricatures at Sardi's restaurant
Notes
References
Heinmuller, John Paul Virgil. Man's Fight to Fly; Famous World-Record Flights and a Chronology of Aviation. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Co, 1944.
Roseberry, Cecil. The Challenging Skies; The Colorful Story of Aviation's Most Exciting Years, 1919-1939. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1966..
"Flights and Fliers" Time Magazine, June 17, 1929
"Wives of Fliers Happy", The New York Times, July 11, 1929
"Yancey Reaches Bermuda", The New York Times, April 3, 1930
"President of Peru Welcomes Yancey" The New York Times, June 13, 1930
"Yancey Talks by Radiophone to New York From Plane 4,500 Feet Above Buenos Aires" The New York Times, July 16, 1930
"Capt. Yancey Dies; Air Navigator, 44" The New York Times, March 4, 1940
"Milestones" Time Magazine, March 11, 1940
External links
Old Orchard Beach Airfield
Hangar 9 Aeroworks
Pitcairn PCA-2 Autogiro at the Air Venture Museum
1895 births
1940 deaths
Aviators from Illinois
United States Navy officers
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
The New York Times journalists
Military personnel from Chicago
Journalists from Illinois
20th-century American journalists
American male journalists
United States Navy personnel of World War I | Lewis Yancey [SEP] Captain Lewis Alonzo Yancey (September 16, 1895 – March 2, 1940) was an American aviator and air navigator who toured America, Central America, and the Caribbean in a Pitcairn autogyro.
Biography
Born in Chicago, Yancey enlisted in the United States Navy in 1911 and was made a lieutenant during World War I. He left the Navy in 1921 and became a ship's officer for the Isthmian Steamship Company. With continued study, he achieved master mariner status and the title of Captain.
Yancey joined the United States Coast Guard in April 1925 and became interested in aviation and the science of navigation then. His knowledge of air navigation put him in demand with pilots in the late 1920s and early 1930s. In 1927, he made his first transcontinental flight as co-pilot.
History-making flights
In 1929, Yancey and Roger Q. Williams made their historic flight from Old Orchard Beach, Maine to Rome. En route, their Bellanca monoplane "The Pathfinder", hit fog and was forced to fly blind for most of their first day. However, due to Yancey's navigational calculations, once able to see their way, the team found themselves still exactly on course. Their one emergency stop, in Santander, Spain, occurred thirty-one hours and thirty minutes into the flight. Upon arriving in Rome, Yancey and Williams were met with crowds "almost as fervent" as those greeting Lindbergh in Paris.
In 1930, Yancey, William H. Alexander, and Zeh Bouck made the first-ever flight from New York to Bermuda in a Stinson monoplane equipped with pontoons. Forced down, the plane spent the night at sea but was able to take off again under its own power the next morning; the first plane ever to do so. The crew made the flight in about eight and a half hours of flying time.
In 1938, Yancey flew with Richard Archbold to New Guinea for the American Museum of Natural History.
Death, tributes, and legacy
Yancey died unexpectedly of a cerebral hemorrhage at his home in Yonkers, New York. He was 44.
In his lifetime, Yancey received decorations from Albert I of Belgium, Pope Pius XI, Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and Benito Mussolini. From the U.S. Navy, Yancey received a medal for his work on meteorology during World War I.
Yancey was the author of several books on aviation including Aerial Navigation and Meteorology (1929). He frequently contributed stories about his flights to The New York Times, once sending a story via radio from 3,500 feet in the air. Yancey advocated making radio communication a regular function of flying. He advised that a radio operator be part of a flight crew so the pilot would not have to divide his attention while flying.
Considered a celebrity for his accomplishments, in New York City Yancey's likeness was captured in caricature for Sardi's, the theater district restaurant. The picture is now part of the collection of the New York Public Library.
Yancey is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
See also
1932 in aviation
List of caricatures at Sardi's restaurant
Notes
References
Heinmuller, John Paul Virgil. Man's Fight to Fly; Famous World-Record Flights and a Chronology of Aviation. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Co, 1944.
Roseberry, Cecil. The Challenging Skies; The Colorful Story of Aviation's Most Exciting Years, 1919-1939. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1966..
"Flights and Fliers" Time Magazine, June 17, 1929
"Wives of Fliers Happy", The New York Times, July 11, 1929
"Yancey Reaches Bermuda", The New York Times, April 3, 1930
"President of Peru Welcomes Yancey" The New York Times, June 13, 1930
"Yancey Talks by Radiophone to New York From Plane 4,500 Feet Above Buenos Aires" The New York Times, July 16, 1930
"Capt. Yancey Dies; Air Navigator, 44" The New York Times, March 4, 1940
"Milestones" Time Magazine, March 11, 1940
External links
Old Orchard Beach Airfield
Hangar 9 Aeroworks
Pitcairn PCA-2 Autogiro at the Air Venture Museum
1895 births
1940 deaths
Aviators from Illinois
United States Navy officers
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
The New York Times journalists
Military personnel from Chicago
Journalists from Illinois
20th-century American journalists
American male journalists
United States Navy personnel of World War I |
15824855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Humphrey%20%28actor%29 | Mark Humphrey (actor) | Mark Adrian Humphrey (born December 27, 1960) is a Canadian actor best known for the role of Jake Antonelli in the Canadian television series E.N.G. In 1988 he made his feature film debut in the film Iron Eagle II as Captain Matt Cooper, Doug Masters' (Jason Gedrick) best friend. Humphrey has been featured in other films and in several television movies. In 2005 he starred in Living With the Enemy with Sarah Lancaster. In 2006 he starred in The Wives He Forgot with Molly Ringwald as a handsome amnesiac. In 2007 he appeared in Still Small Voices with Catherine Bell. Humphrey has also appeared in numerous television series.
Life and career
Humphrey was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, to Sidney and Jack Humphrey. His family relocated to Toronto, Ontario in 1967, where his father worked as a producer for CBC Radio and Television. After graduating from high school, Humphrey moved to New York City to study acting at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute. Humphrey spent five years in New York, later returning to Toronto, and eventually relocating to California.
Humphrey has four siblings. His three brothers, John, Paul, and Andy, are professional musicians. His sister, Lesley, is a former Ford model.
In 2009 Humphrey appeared in the Canadian dramatic series Paradise Falls, and the television movies Encounter with Danger with Shannen Doherty, and Hostile Makeover with Maggie Lawson. He appeared in the 2010 feature film Summer Eleven. In 2015 Humphrey joined the cast of the Hallmark Channel series When Calls the Heart as mysterious preacher Frank Hogan.
Humphrey appeared in the 2005 independent film Cruel But Necessary with his ex-wife Wendel Meldrum and their son Luke Humphrey.
References
External links
Official website
E.N.G. Cast Photo Link at the Broadcast History Site
1960 births
Living people
Male actors from Vancouver
Actors Studio alumni
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors
Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute alumni | Mark Humphrey (actor) [SEP] Mark Adrian Humphrey (born December 27, 1960) is a Canadian actor best known for the role of Jake Antonelli in the Canadian television series E.N.G. In 1988 he made his feature film debut in the film Iron Eagle II as Captain Matt Cooper, Doug Masters' (Jason Gedrick) best friend. Humphrey has been featured in other films and in several television movies. In 2005 he starred in Living With the Enemy with Sarah Lancaster. In 2006 he starred in The Wives He Forgot with Molly Ringwald as a handsome amnesiac. In 2007 he appeared in Still Small Voices with Catherine Bell. Humphrey has also appeared in numerous television series.
Life and career
Humphrey was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, to Sidney and Jack Humphrey. His family relocated to Toronto, Ontario in 1967, where his father worked as a producer for CBC Radio and Television. After graduating from high school, Humphrey moved to New York City to study acting at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute. Humphrey spent five years in New York, later returning to Toronto, and eventually relocating to California.
Humphrey has four siblings. His three brothers, John, Paul, and Andy, are professional musicians. His sister, Lesley, is a former Ford model.
In 2009 Humphrey appeared in the Canadian dramatic series Paradise Falls, and the television movies Encounter with Danger with Shannen Doherty, and Hostile Makeover with Maggie Lawson. He appeared in the 2010 feature film Summer Eleven. In 2015 Humphrey joined the cast of the Hallmark Channel series When Calls the Heart as mysterious preacher Frank Hogan.
Humphrey appeared in the 2005 independent film Cruel But Necessary with his ex-wife Wendel Meldrum and their son Luke Humphrey.
References
External links
Official website
E.N.G. Cast Photo Link at the Broadcast History Site
1960 births
Living people
Male actors from Vancouver
Actors Studio alumni
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors
Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute alumni |
15824856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caml%20Lights | Caml Lights | Caml Lights may refer to:
Camel Lights, a brand of cigarette. See Camel (cigarette).
Caml Light, a functional programming language. | Caml Lights [SEP] Caml Lights may refer to:
Camel Lights, a brand of cigarette. See Camel (cigarette).
Caml Light, a functional programming language. |
15824880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapline | Trapline | In the fur trade, a trapline is a route along which a trapper sets traps for their quarry. Trappers traditionally move habitually along the route to set and check the traps, in so doing become skilled at traversing remote terrain, and become experts in the geography of the local area. Because of this traditional knowledge, traplines are not only of interest to trappers themselves but to researchers and others (governments, corporations) interested in local history, biology, and topography. The assignment of particular trapline territories to individuals in band societies was traditionally handled by group consensus, and occasionally violence and warfare. In the present-day trapline assignment is typically formalized and controlled by the state. Formalized trapline territory boundaries now form the basis for many major land-use projects in fur-rich regions.
One of the entitlements that goes along with possessing a trap territory is the right to erect a trapper's cabin: a simple shelter in which a trapper can stay while moving around his territory. Trappers' cabins are a cultural icon of fur regions, and an important part of the national mythos of countries and regions such as Canada and Alaska, and among groups such as the Métis.
Pre-treaty indigenous governance of trapping and other harvesting
Before European colonisation, determining where a particular family or band could hunt, fish, and gather without encroaching on others to the point of over-harvesting was the main preoccupation of indigenous governance in the subarctic and other non-farming regions. Councils were convened to reconcile disputes and warfare was always a possibility.
When European traders began exporting bulk amounts of fur to Europe in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the trapping territories of the subarctic became much more commercially valuable and disputes intensified.
Registered traplines
In Canada formal trapping territories assigned by the state are typically called "registered traplines" (RTLs), though each province administers its own system; they have been common across Canada since the 1930s.
Alberta's registered traplines were once exactly that: lines which followed a creek or other feature, but in the 1960s they were switched to a system of trapping territories.
In British Columbia "the registered trapline system continues to be the primary system for setting harvest guidelines and managing furbearing animals". It is an offence to trap an animal on a registered trapline that does not belong to you in BC.
Manitoba has had registered traplines since 1940; they were brought in at that time to stop a wave of new arrivals in Northern Manitoba from trapping out an area that was already overharvested by the local, mostly First Nations, population. The system is administered under the province's Wildlife Act. Lines cannot be sold, inherited, or handed down, but are awarded through a points system, where preference is given to people with a close family relationship to the previous lineholder, a history of using that trapline with the permission of the previous lienholder, and residency near the territory.
Ontario has more than 2,800 registered traplines on Crown land.
Since the 2001 Paix des braves agreement, trapline territories have been used as the basis for forestry and mining planning in the Eeyou Istchee territory, in Quebec.
Indigenous land claims
Indigenous peoples have not always welcomed the regulation of the fur industry by provincial authorities, and the assignment of trapping territories by the provincial Crown implies that the land is ultimately the property of the province, to be disposed of at its will, rather than subject to comanagement under the terms of the treaties. Furthermore, having to apply to provincial authorities to distribute traplines removes control of the process from local Indigenous forms of governance, and institutionalizes a non-Indigenous presence on traditional lands. Nevertheless, as registered traplines provide Aboriginal peoples with legal rights to a piece of land off-reserve, a potential economic livelihood, and a connection to a traditional lifestyle, registered traplines are considered of the utmost importance for many First Nations and Metis communities.
References
Notes
Sources
Fur trade
Traditional knowledge
Political geography
Natural resource management
Indigenous self-government in Canada | Trapline [SEP] In the fur trade, a trapline is a route along which a trapper sets traps for their quarry. Trappers traditionally move habitually along the route to set and check the traps, in so doing become skilled at traversing remote terrain, and become experts in the geography of the local area. Because of this traditional knowledge, traplines are not only of interest to trappers themselves but to researchers and others (governments, corporations) interested in local history, biology, and topography. The assignment of particular trapline territories to individuals in band societies was traditionally handled by group consensus, and occasionally violence and warfare. In the present-day trapline assignment is typically formalized and controlled by the state. Formalized trapline territory boundaries now form the basis for many major land-use projects in fur-rich regions.
One of the entitlements that goes along with possessing a trap territory is the right to erect a trapper's cabin: a simple shelter in which a trapper can stay while moving around his territory. Trappers' cabins are a cultural icon of fur regions, and an important part of the national mythos of countries and regions such as Canada and Alaska, and among groups such as the Métis.
Pre-treaty indigenous governance of trapping and other harvesting
Before European colonisation, determining where a particular family or band could hunt, fish, and gather without encroaching on others to the point of over-harvesting was the main preoccupation of indigenous governance in the subarctic and other non-farming regions. Councils were convened to reconcile disputes and warfare was always a possibility.
When European traders began exporting bulk amounts of fur to Europe in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the trapping territories of the subarctic became much more commercially valuable and disputes intensified.
Registered traplines
In Canada formal trapping territories assigned by the state are typically called "registered traplines" (RTLs), though each province administers its own system; they have been common across Canada since the 1930s.
Alberta's registered traplines were once exactly that: lines which followed a creek or other feature, but in the 1960s they were switched to a system of trapping territories.
In British Columbia "the registered trapline system continues to be the primary system for setting harvest guidelines and managing furbearing animals". It is an offence to trap an animal on a registered trapline that does not belong to you in BC.
Manitoba has had registered traplines since 1940; they were brought in at that time to stop a wave of new arrivals in Northern Manitoba from trapping out an area that was already overharvested by the local, mostly First Nations, population. The system is administered under the province's Wildlife Act. Lines cannot be sold, inherited, or handed down, but are awarded through a points system, where preference is given to people with a close family relationship to the previous lineholder, a history of using that trapline with the permission of the previous lienholder, and residency near the territory.
Ontario has more than 2,800 registered traplines on Crown land.
Since the 2001 Paix des braves agreement, trapline territories have been used as the basis for forestry and mining planning in the Eeyou Istchee territory, in Quebec.
Indigenous land claims
Indigenous peoples have not always welcomed the regulation of the fur industry by provincial authorities, and the assignment of trapping territories by the provincial Crown implies that the land is ultimately the property of the province, to be disposed of at its will, rather than subject to comanagement under the terms of the treaties. Furthermore, having to apply to provincial authorities to distribute traplines removes control of the process from local Indigenous forms of governance, and institutionalizes a non-Indigenous presence on traditional lands. Nevertheless, as registered traplines provide Aboriginal peoples with legal rights to a piece of land off-reserve, a potential economic livelihood, and a connection to a traditional lifestyle, registered traplines are considered of the utmost importance for many First Nations and Metis communities.
References
Notes
Sources
Fur trade
Traditional knowledge
Political geography
Natural resource management
Indigenous self-government in Canada |
15824896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper%20Mountains | Copper Mountains | The Copper Mountains is a minor north–south trending mountain range, only 8 miles long in southwestern Arizona in the southwestern Sonoran Desert.
The Copper Mountains lie east of Yuma, Arizona and east of the Yuma Desert; also east of the Gila and Tinajas Altas Mountains. It lies on an extensive north-sloping desert plain that drains into the Gila River floodplain close to its confluence and outlet into the southern Colorado River in the Lower Colorado River Valley. The Lechuguilla Desert and Coyote Wash lie west of the mountains; the Tule Desert lies east. The highest point is Coyote Peak at .
The communities just north at about 10 miles in the Gila River agricultural valley, are Wellton, Noah, Roll, and Tacna, Arizona.
The Copper Mountains lie in the western portion of the Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range which is used by the MCAS, the Marine Corps Air Station, Yuma; also 3 miles north of the western end of the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge.
See also
Valley and range sequence-Southern Yuma County
List of mountain ranges of Yuma County, Arizona
List of mountain ranges of Arizona
List of LCRV Wilderness Areas (Colorado River)
References
Mountain ranges of the Sonoran Desert
Mountain ranges of the Lower Colorado River Valley
Mountain ranges of Yuma County, Arizona
Mountain ranges of Arizona | Copper Mountains [SEP] The Copper Mountains is a minor north–south trending mountain range, only 8 miles long in southwestern Arizona in the southwestern Sonoran Desert.
The Copper Mountains lie east of Yuma, Arizona and east of the Yuma Desert; also east of the Gila and Tinajas Altas Mountains. It lies on an extensive north-sloping desert plain that drains into the Gila River floodplain close to its confluence and outlet into the southern Colorado River in the Lower Colorado River Valley. The Lechuguilla Desert and Coyote Wash lie west of the mountains; the Tule Desert lies east. The highest point is Coyote Peak at .
The communities just north at about 10 miles in the Gila River agricultural valley, are Wellton, Noah, Roll, and Tacna, Arizona.
The Copper Mountains lie in the western portion of the Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range which is used by the MCAS, the Marine Corps Air Station, Yuma; also 3 miles north of the western end of the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge.
See also
Valley and range sequence-Southern Yuma County
List of mountain ranges of Yuma County, Arizona
List of mountain ranges of Arizona
List of LCRV Wilderness Areas (Colorado River)
References
Mountain ranges of the Sonoran Desert
Mountain ranges of the Lower Colorado River Valley
Mountain ranges of Yuma County, Arizona
Mountain ranges of Arizona |
15824922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20Bosnian%20municipal%20elections | 2004 Bosnian municipal elections | Municipal elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 2 October 2004 to elect mayors and assemblies in 143 municipalities.
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Republika Srpska
Assembly of Brčko District
References
External links
Official Results of Local Elections 2004
Official Results of Local Elections 2004
Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina
2004 elections in Europe
Municipal
Municipal elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2004 Bosnian municipal elections [SEP] Municipal elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 2 October 2004 to elect mayors and assemblies in 143 municipalities.
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Republika Srpska
Assembly of Brčko District
References
External links
Official Results of Local Elections 2004
Official Results of Local Elections 2004
Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina
2004 elections in Europe
Municipal
Municipal elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
15824924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Knife | Big Knife | Big Knife may refer to:
The Big Knife, 1955 American film
The Big Knife (play), 1949 American play by Clifford Odets
Big Knife Provincial Park, a small provincial park in central Alberta, Canada
Osla Big Knife, an Anglo-Saxon King of Kent, 6th century
Sami knife, Sami for big knife, a long, wide blade traditionally used by the Sami people
See also
Big Knives
The Small Knives | Big Knife [SEP] Big Knife may refer to:
The Big Knife, 1955 American film
The Big Knife (play), 1949 American play by Clifford Odets
Big Knife Provincial Park, a small provincial park in central Alberta, Canada
Osla Big Knife, an Anglo-Saxon King of Kent, 6th century
Sami knife, Sami for big knife, a long, wide blade traditionally used by the Sami people
See also
Big Knives
The Small Knives |
15824941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrificium | Sacrificium | Sacrificium is a Christian death metal band from Stuttgart, Germany, formed in 1993. The band made its breakthrough in the metal scene with its 2002 album Cold Black Piece of Flesh. The second album Escaping the Stupor was released on Black Lotus Records. Their music combines melodic passages with old school death metal, and their lyrics deal with personal experiences and opinions from Christian point of view.
Biography
Sacrificium has its roots in a band called Hardway, formed by Sebastian Wagner and Oliver Tesch. Musically, the band was pop rock oriented. That changed in 1991, when the session drummer Markus Hauth took the direction more towards a hard rock sound. In 1992, Hardway performed at the reputive Steiger 14 club in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The band name was changed to Corpus Christi (not to be confused with Corpus Christi from Ohio) in 1993 and they began playing thrash metal. The style developed to death metal, and in 1994, after recording a demo, the name was changed to Sacrificium.
After a few line up changes in 1996, Sacrificium recorded its second demo and in 1998 another demo titled Mortal Fear was released. Although the demos were well-received, the vocalist Roman Wagner left Sacrificium in 2000. After that, the band played concerts with bands such as Extol, Dismember, Unleashed, The Black Dahlia Murder or My Darkest Hate. The second guitarist, Claudio Enzler, started performing vocals, and the guitarist position was taken by Ulrike Uhlmann.
In 2002 Sacrificium was signed to Whirlwind Records, who published the band's debut Cold Black Piece of Flesh. The album caught the attention of the press, and received positive reviews. For example, Rock Hard gave it 7.5/10 in its February 2004 issue. Afterwards they toured Europe with the band Brain[Faq].
On November 28, 2005, Sacrificium released its second album Escaping the Stupor on the Greek metal label Black Lotus Records. The album features guest performances by Karl Walfridsson of Pantokrator and Simon Rosén of Crimson Moonlight. Escaping the Stupor was well-received: Rock Hard gave it 7.5/10, Legacy 10/15 and Metalnews.de 6/7.
The band is currently working on new material and is updating its Facebook bulletin with pre-production demo takes and news.
Founding guitarist Oliver Tesch left the band in 2012, and was replaced by Wolfgang Nillies.
Guitarist Matthias Brandt and bass player Thorsten Brandt left the band on October 30, 2015 and have been replaced later on by Fred Berger and former member Ulrike Uhlmann.
On January 6, 2019, it was announced that longtime drummer Mario Henning was departing from the band. They therefore had to cancel their Mexico tour which would have been in April 2019.
At the same time the band announced to release an EP The Avowal of the Centurion in early 2019 and a full-length record in 2020. On March 16, 2019, it was announced that former bassist Thorsten Brandt would take over Henning's position on drums. On March 18, the band revealed that The Avowals of the Centurion would be released via Nordic Mission on April 19, 2019.
Discography
Studio albums
Cold Black Piece of Flesh (2002)
Escaping the Stupor (2005)
Prey for Your Gods (2013)
Oblivion (2023)
Members
Current members
Claudio Enzler – vocals (2000–present), guitar (1994–2000)
Wolfgang Nillies – guitars (2012–present)
Frederik “Fred” Berger – guitars (2017–present)
Ulrike Uhlmann – bass (2017–present), guitars (1993–2010)
Martin Epp – drums (2021–present)
Former members
Oliver Tesch – guitars (1991–2012)
Sebastian Wagner – bass, vocals (1991–1993)
Markus Hauth – drums (1991–1995)
Roman Wagner – vocals (1993–2000)
Manuel Iwansky – bass (1993–1997)
Manuel Kerkow – bass (1997)
Samuel Herbrich – bass (1997–2008)
Thorsten Brandt – drums (2019–2021), bass (2008–2017)
Matthias Brandt – guitars (2010–2015)
Daniel Maucher – guitars (2015–2017)
Mario Henning – drums (1995–2019)
Timeline
References
External links
Sacrificum at Metal-Archives
German Christian metal musical groups
German death metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 1993 | Sacrificium [SEP] Sacrificium is a Christian death metal band from Stuttgart, Germany, formed in 1993. The band made its breakthrough in the metal scene with its 2002 album Cold Black Piece of Flesh. The second album Escaping the Stupor was released on Black Lotus Records. Their music combines melodic passages with old school death metal, and their lyrics deal with personal experiences and opinions from Christian point of view.
Biography
Sacrificium has its roots in a band called Hardway, formed by Sebastian Wagner and Oliver Tesch. Musically, the band was pop rock oriented. That changed in 1991, when the session drummer Markus Hauth took the direction more towards a hard rock sound. In 1992, Hardway performed at the reputive Steiger 14 club in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The band name was changed to Corpus Christi (not to be confused with Corpus Christi from Ohio) in 1993 and they began playing thrash metal. The style developed to death metal, and in 1994, after recording a demo, the name was changed to Sacrificium.
After a few line up changes in 1996, Sacrificium recorded its second demo and in 1998 another demo titled Mortal Fear was released. Although the demos were well-received, the vocalist Roman Wagner left Sacrificium in 2000. After that, the band played concerts with bands such as Extol, Dismember, Unleashed, The Black Dahlia Murder or My Darkest Hate. The second guitarist, Claudio Enzler, started performing vocals, and the guitarist position was taken by Ulrike Uhlmann.
In 2002 Sacrificium was signed to Whirlwind Records, who published the band's debut Cold Black Piece of Flesh. The album caught the attention of the press, and received positive reviews. For example, Rock Hard gave it 7.5/10 in its February 2004 issue. Afterwards they toured Europe with the band Brain[Faq].
On November 28, 2005, Sacrificium released its second album Escaping the Stupor on the Greek metal label Black Lotus Records. The album features guest performances by Karl Walfridsson of Pantokrator and Simon Rosén of Crimson Moonlight. Escaping the Stupor was well-received: Rock Hard gave it 7.5/10, Legacy 10/15 and Metalnews.de 6/7.
The band is currently working on new material and is updating its Facebook bulletin with pre-production demo takes and news.
Founding guitarist Oliver Tesch left the band in 2012, and was replaced by Wolfgang Nillies.
Guitarist Matthias Brandt and bass player Thorsten Brandt left the band on October 30, 2015 and have been replaced later on by Fred Berger and former member Ulrike Uhlmann.
On January 6, 2019, it was announced that longtime drummer Mario Henning was departing from the band. They therefore had to cancel their Mexico tour which would have been in April 2019.
At the same time the band announced to release an EP The Avowal of the Centurion in early 2019 and a full-length record in 2020. On March 16, 2019, it was announced that former bassist Thorsten Brandt would take over Henning's position on drums. On March 18, the band revealed that The Avowals of the Centurion would be released via Nordic Mission on April 19, 2019.
Discography
Studio albums
Cold Black Piece of Flesh (2002)
Escaping the Stupor (2005)
Prey for Your Gods (2013)
Oblivion (2023)
Members
Current members
Claudio Enzler – vocals (2000–present), guitar (1994–2000)
Wolfgang Nillies – guitars (2012–present)
Frederik “Fred” Berger – guitars (2017–present)
Ulrike Uhlmann – bass (2017–present), guitars (1993–2010)
Martin Epp – drums (2021–present)
Former members
Oliver Tesch – guitars (1991–2012)
Sebastian Wagner – bass, vocals (1991–1993)
Markus Hauth – drums (1991–1995)
Roman Wagner – vocals (1993–2000)
Manuel Iwansky – bass (1993–1997)
Manuel Kerkow – bass (1997)
Samuel Herbrich – bass (1997–2008)
Thorsten Brandt – drums (2019–2021), bass (2008–2017)
Matthias Brandt – guitars (2010–2015)
Daniel Maucher – guitars (2015–2017)
Mario Henning – drums (1995–2019)
Timeline
References
External links
Sacrificum at Metal-Archives
German Christian metal musical groups
German death metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 1993 |
15824942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Mann%20%28bobsleigh%29 | Alex Mann (bobsleigh) | Alexander "Alex" Mann (born 11 November 1980) is a German bobsledder who has competed since 2007. He won two medals at the 2008 FIBT World Championships in Altenberg, Germany with a gold in the mixed team event and a bronze in the four-man event.
Mann finished seventh in the four-man event at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.
References
External links
1980 births
Bobsledders at the 2010 Winter Olympics
German male bobsledders
Living people
Olympic bobsledders for Germany | Alex Mann (bobsleigh) [SEP] Alexander "Alex" Mann (born 11 November 1980) is a German bobsledder who has competed since 2007. He won two medals at the 2008 FIBT World Championships in Altenberg, Germany with a gold in the mixed team event and a bronze in the four-man event.
Mann finished seventh in the four-man event at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.
References
External links
1980 births
Bobsledders at the 2010 Winter Olympics
German male bobsledders
Living people
Olympic bobsledders for Germany |
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