metadata

tags:
  - sentence-transformers
  - sentence-similarity
  - feature-extraction
  - generated_from_trainer
  - dataset_size:43494
  - loss:TripletLoss
base_model: allenai/specter2_aug2023refresh_base
widget:
  - source_sentence: >-
      This paper reviews the social embeddedness theory and digital governance
      theory by reviewing literature. The author believes that digital
      technology embeddedness refers to that in order to improve governance
      efficiency, grass-roots governments incorporate digital technology,
      digital resources and digital platforms into the overall governance mode
      by embedding sexy knowledge, monitoring, prevention and control methods
      under the background of digital government transformation. Such embedment
      can not only efficiently integrate scattered social resources, but also
      enable government departments at all levels and social forces to share big
      data and realize precise governance. The definition of the concept of
      smart community emphasizes that it takes residential areas as the unit,
      takes modern information technology as the means, integrates high-quality
      resources of all parties, relies on the comprehensive information service
      platform as the support, and relies on the relatively advanced
      infrastructure construction to achieve an intelligent and convenient
      community management innovation mode of high-quality development of
      community governance. The integration system of sports and pension
      services emphasizes the governance of service contents such as venue
      planning, event organization, information service, fitness guidance,
      physical fitness monitoring, etc. to meet the public sports needs of the
      elderly under the leadership of the government. Through field
      investigation and case analysis, it is found that there are three
      realistic dilemmas in the integrated service system of smart community
      sports for the elderly. The division of power and responsibility between
      the government and society is vague, and the policy system is not perfect.
      Smart community digital technology is not embedded enough, smart service
      has shortcomings. The intelligent transformation of community public
      sports service is restricted, and the planning of community governance is
      inaccurate. Based on the analysis of the dilemma of the integrated service
      system of sports and old-age care in smart communities, this paper
      introduces the theory of social embedment and the theory of digital
      governance, and proposes the optimization path of public sports service
      governance in smart communities with digital technology embedment.
    sentences:
      - >-
        Lingnan dance culture, as an important art form, holds significant value
        in the construction of common human values in the new era. Through
        education and training, we can inherit and promote Lingnan dance
        culture, allowing more people to understand, appreciate, and participate
        in it. Innovation and preservation are key to driving the development of
        Lingnan dance culture, as we need to creatively adapt it to meet the
        needs of modern audiences while preserving its traditional
        characteristics. Additionally, cross-cultural exchange and cooperation
        serve as vital pathways to fostering common human values. By engaging in
        cultural and artistic exchanges with other regions, we can learn from
        and inspire one another, promoting understanding and integration between
        different cultures. The utilization of media and technology can enhance
        the dissemination and promotion of Lingnan dance culture. Through online
        platforms and digital technologies, it can reach a wider audience,
        allowing more people to experience its unique charm. With its
        distinctive artistic expression and profound historical heritage,
        Lingnan dance culture guides people in their pursuit of beauty,
        exploration of truth, and search for common values. It is not only an
        art form but also a symbol of culture and a manifestation of spirit. In
        the process of constructing a harmonious, diverse, and mutually
        respectful common human values in the new era, Lingnan dance culture
        provides us with valuable resources and insights, making a positive
        contribution to the progress and development of human society.
      - >-
        Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell
        therapy in particular represents an adaptive, yet versatile strategy for
        cancer treatment. Convincing results in the treatment of hematological
        malignancies have led to FDA approval for several CAR T cell therapies
        in defined refractory diseases. In contrast, the treatment of solid
        tumors with adoptively transferred T cells has not demonstrated
        convincing efficacy in clinical trials. One of the main reasons for ACT
        failure in solid tumors is poor trafficking or access of transferred T
        cells to the tumor site. Tumors employ a variety of mechanisms shielding
        themselves from immune cell infiltrates, often translating to only
        fractions of transferred T cells reaching the tumor site. To overcome
        this bottleneck, extensive efforts are being undertaken at engineering T
        cells to improve ACT access to solid tumors. In this review, we provide
        an overview of the immune cell infiltrate in human tumors and the
        mechanisms tumors employ toward immune exclusion. We will discuss ways
        in which T cells can be engineered to circumvent these barriers. We give
        an outlook on ongoing clinical trials targeting immune cell migration to
        improve ACT and its perspective in solid tumors.
      - >-
        Future possibilities for resuscitation must take into account our still
        limited understanding of the reperfusion syndrome. Clinical
        resuscitation research must incorporate the use of prolonged
        life-support techniques. These may depend on the use of cardiopulmonary
        bypass to provide improved reperfusion of vital organs and to permit the
        time necessary to evaluate and treat the mediators and modifiers of the
        reperfusion syndrome. It is likely that some patients who require
        prolonged life support will need replacement organs or, should their
        brains fail to survive resuscitation, become organ donors. Physicians
        involved in resuscitation and transplantation must come to grips with
        the logistic problems of techniques for prolonged resuscitation.
  - source_sentence: >-
      Tympanoplasty is done to eradicate ear pathology and to restore the
      conductive hearing mechanism (eardrum and ossicles). Some patients,
      however, do not tolerate tinnitus and question physicians about the
      results of surgery when tinnitus persists.to evaluate the progression of
      tinnitus in patients with conductive hearing loss after tympanoplasty.a
      prospective cohort study.00 consecutive patients with tinnitus due to
      chronic otitis media underwent tympanoplasty. The patients underwent a
      medical and audiological protocol for tinnitus before and after
      tympanoplasty.00.0% of patients had improvement or elimination of tinnitus
      after tympanoplasty The mean score of postoperative intolerance to
      tinnitus ( for and days) was significantly different from preoperative
      scores ( ). As to hearing loss, patients improved medically and days after
      surgery ( and ) compared to the preoperative condition ( ). Audiometry
      revealed improvement at all frequencies from to 0KHz, except at 0KHz. The
      air-bone gap was closed or was within 00dB in cases ( %). An intact
      tympanic membrane was achieved in % of the cases.Aside from the classical
      improvement of hearing loss, tympanoplasty also offers good control of
      tinnitus.
    sentences:
      - >-
        To evaluate the effect of glass-ionomer cement (GIC) on gene expression
        (gtfC, gtfD, covR, and vicR) of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans)
        biofilms at , and hours.Six groups were tested according to the
        materials and time observation, as follows: ceramic (IPS Empress
        Esthetic), as the control group, and GIC (Ketac Molar Easymix); and time
        points of S. mutans biofilm formation ( , , and hours). Round-shaped
        samples ( x mm) of each material were prepared according to the
        manufacturers' specifications. GIC discs were handled in a laminar flow
        hood under aseptic conditions and stored at % relative humidity at 00C
        for hours to complete setting reaction. The samples were placed in a
        -well plate and immersed in ml BHI + % sucrose with an inoculum of S.
        mutans UA000 to allow biofilm growth during , , and hours. Next, the
        samples were removed, vortexed and centrifuged to collect cell pellets
        (n= ) for each material and time point. Pellets were stored at -00C.
        Then, RNA was purified using the RNeasy Mini Kit protocol. The RNA was
        converted in cDNA using iScript cDNA Synthesis according to the
        manufacturer's recommendations. Analysis of gtfC, gtfD, vicR, and covR
        expressions was performed using Step One Real-Time qPCR device with
        specific primers for each gene and the analysis normalized by 00S
        reference gene expression. Data from gtfC, gtfD, and vicR were analyzed
        by t-test to compare between groups while Mann-Whitney was used to
        analyze covR expression (= ).No significant differences at and hours
        between materials for all analyzed genes were noted. However, in the
        -hour period, a significant decrease in gtfC and vicR expressions were
        observed, while covR expression increased when GIC was compared to
        ceramic.The use of glass-ionomer cement decreased the virulence of S.
        mutans biofilms, which may imply a reduced bacterial cariogenic
        potential.
      - >-
        To evaluate the degree of compliance with pharmacological therapy, and
        to identify predictors of non-compliance in outpatients from a
        cardiology referral center in Sao Paulo, Brazil, we studied outpatients,
        ( percent) males and ( percent) females, through an interview guided by
        a questionnaire during medical consultation. The ages ranged between and
        (mean , standard deviation ) years. Heart disease and socioeconomic
        factors (residence, means of transport, educational level and
        professional status) were studied. In addition, we examined the drugs
        prescribed including: difficulties in taking them; the source of supply;
        and the patient's knowledge of the drugs. Assessment of compliance was
        based on the patients' response. The patients' answers were compared
        with the prescription and progress notes. Errors were recorded if the
        patient reported using one or more nonprescribed medicines. Compliance
        with therapy was recorded if the patient said the prescription was taken
        correctly without interruption and without error. The variables with
        significant differences in univariate analysis were further analyzed by
        multivariate log-linear regression analysis. Noncompliance occurred in (
        percent) of the patients, and was predicted by the reported difficulty
        in taking medication (P< ), and by the lack of knowledge of medication
        names (P< ).Thus, noncompliance with medical therapy was common. The
        main predictors of non-compliance were the reported difficulty in taking
        medication and inability to identify medicines' names.
      - >-
        Oral cancer in Brazil still presents high levels of incidence and
        mortality bearing different traits throughout the national territory. In
        most of the cases the diagnosis is late; however there is a great
        possibility for cure when treated early on.to assess factors associated
        with the late diagnosis of oral cancer in the state of Alagoas.a
        prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in patients, all of
        them diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma in a hospital of
        Alagoas, between July of and September of . A semi-structured interview
        was given, obtaining socio-demographic data, the type of professional
        help sought, symptom onset, referrals and tumor clinical stage at the
        moment of diagnosis.According to the results obtained in this study, the
        patients usually sought professional medical help, rather than dental
        help when a lesion in the mouth appeared, being always referred to a
        specialist by the dentist, in advanced stages of the disease.This study
        suggests the need for continued education programs for the population
        and professionals aiming at the early identification of symptoms of the
        illness; however needing further studies.
  - source_sentence: >-
      Between and South Asia absorbed about a fifth of the new silver injected
      into the global economy and a number of historians have documented the
      commercial boom and monetization of economic life that followed. This
      article, which draws on evidence from South India, examines the use of
      money in rituals that marked life-cycle events such as birth, marriage and
      death, which is an element of monetization that has thus far gone
      unrecognized. Money was a critical part of the gifts that were given at
      ritual moments and coins were an essential object in rituals as they were
      believed to possess magical powers. The ubiquity of money in South Indian
      ritual life and its role in solidifying personal relations suggests that
      the classic social theories of money, which drew upon European thought and
      viewed it as a force that destroyed connections between people, must be
      rethought.
    sentences:
      - >-
        This article reviews the evolution of Ottoman fiscal institutions and
        analyses long-term trends in the revenues of the Ottoman central
        administration from the sixteenth century until World War I. It also
        compares long-term trends in Ottoman revenues with those of European,
        and to a lesser extent, Asian states. The Ottomans were often involved
        in wars with their European neighbours but much less so with their
        neighbours in Asia where interstate rivalry was less intense. Wars put
        enormous pressure on the states and their survival depended closely on
        their ability raise revenue. As a result, wars, centralisation of
        finances and emergence of centralised states were interrelated
        processes. Revenues of the Ottoman central administration lagged well
        behind its European neighbours until the end of the eighteenth century
        because local elites retained large part of the revenues. However, the
        centralising reforms of the nineteenth century enabled the Ottomans to
        raise their central revenues significantly and survive until World War
        I.
      - >-
        The article tells about the industrial unit for production of liquid
        sulfur dioxide based on sulfur and oxygen, which has been developed by
        Research Institute of Fertilizers and Insectofungicides(patent No. dated
        / / ). The principal difference of the proposed industrial process is
        the use of technical oxygen instead of FDF and the use of a sulfur
        furnace and a sulfur vapor condenser combined in one housing. To
        determine the design parameters of equipment and to master the process,
        the article describes a lab unit for production of liquid sulfur
        dioxide, developed by and implemented at Research Instituteof
        Fertilizers and Insectofungicides. At the moment, the lab unit is run to
        adjust the operating mode.
      - >-
        Since its launch on December , the joint ESA/NASA SOHO mission has
        provided a wealth of information about the Sun, from its interior,
        through the hot and dynamic atmosphere, to the solar wind and its
        interaction with the interstellar medium. At the same time, SOHO's
        easily accessible images and movies have captured the imagination of the
        science community and the general public alike. This article summarizes
        some of the key findings from years of SOHO.To search for other articles
        by the author(s) go to:
  - source_sentence: >-
      Objective: To investigate the bacteria adhesion conditions on the dental
      curing light-guide rods overnight placement disinfection for controlling
      nosocomial cross infection. Methods: Fifty light-guide rods in six dental
      clinics of one hospital were chosen, and the bacteria adhesion conditions
      on the light-guide rods overnight placement disinfection were examined
      with ATP bioluminescence method. The test was conducted every morning
      before the clinic opens and repeated for consecutive days. Results: The
      relatively light units(RLU) value of the light-guide rods for children
      dental clinic, dental pulp clinic, oral comprehensive clinic, dental
      repair clinic, maxillofacial surgery clinic and dental periodontal clinic
      are000 , .0, .0, , , . The difference between each clinic's RLU value is
      significantly different(P ). Conclusions: All the bacteria adhesion
      conditions on the light-guide rods overnight placement disinfection in
      each dental clinic before openning are out of the standards that
      stipulated by the Ministry of Health, and the dental curing lights should
      be disinfected prior to usage. And significant difference is found between
      all the bacteria adhesion conditions in each dental clinic.
    sentences:
      - >-
        After falling asleep in the film projection booth, Buster Keaton, the
        lover/dreamer in Sherlock Junior, stages a brief but perilous theory of
        simulation, a conjurer/ vaudevillian's treatise on representation which
        literally and metaphorically incorporates the body of the performer as
        spectator in the theatre, in process with technical wizardry. The
        dreamer/projectionist, the doubled body of Keaton, jumps onstage into
        the melodrama of Hearts and Pearls, assaulting theatrical protocol with
        its divide between spectator and spectacle, and confounding the screen's
        surface flatness, converting the illusions of depth and space into a
        theatrical real. This condensed sequence in the narrative serving as a
        complex bridge between the outside film and the dreamed film takes
        Keaton's manipulable body and stoically amazed face on location, with
        drastic temporal and spatial changes of locale which are filmically
        'real' and which theatrical space can only represent. Editing, the arch
        fabricator, catapults his body in mid action from one geography to
        another in this justly famous nine shot sequence (shots to ). The film's
        audience of Hearts and Pearls (the film within a film) is visible in all
        the shots, as is the frame/curtain around the screen. The convention of
        the fourth wall, the immaterial but impermeable barrier between
        spectator and spectacle, is what must be overcome in this escalation of
        an illusory 'real.' Matching action or cutting on movement which enables
        a seamless match between cuts is, in this instance, a dangerous and
        careless weapon.
      - >-
        The identification of poor medicinal adherence is difficult because
        direct observation of medication use is usually impractical. Up to % of
        individuals on chronic therapies may not be taking their medication as
        prescribed. This study is one of the first to explore possible risk
        factors for over-reporting of antihypertensive adherence using
        electronic medication monitoring.The adherence of individuals on
        single-drug antihypertensive therapy in a large managed care
        organization was electronically monitored for approximately three
        months. Questionnaires on socioeconomic background, adherence to
        therapy, health beliefs, and social support before and after adherence
        monitoring were completed. Over-reporting of antihypertensive adherence
        was assessed by comparing the self-reported frequency of noncompliance
        with that determined from electronic dosing records. Risk factors for
        over-reporting were identified by contingency table analysis and
        step-wise logistic regression.Although only % of participants
        acknowledged missing doses on one or more days per week, electronic
        monitoring documented nonadherence at this or a higher level in % of
        participants. The following variables were associated with
        over-reporting: > versus daily dose (OR = ; % CI = - ; p = ), lower
        perceived health risk from nonadherence (OR = ; % CI = - ; p = ), and
        annual household income of < dollars versus > dollars (OR = ; % CI = - ;
        p = ).Over-reporting of adherence may be affected by factors related to
        dosing frequency, health beliefs and socioeconomic status. This topic
        deserves further investigation in other patient populations to elucidate
        possible underlying behavioral explanations.
      - >-
        Objective:The evaluate the attitudes of different people towards several
        dental esthetic concepts. Methods: several computer-aided imagings were
        used to evaluate the attitudes towards several dental esthetic concepts
        as followed: . The visible portion of upper central incisor at rest
        position. .Teeth color. The survey was conducted on the web. A web page
        of questionnaire was made, the link address was put on the homepage of
        Peking University School of Stomatology 0nd Dental Center. The replies
        were counted and analyzed. Results: A total of responses were received
        and analyzed, most informants appreciated upper central incisor exposing
        0mm ( %) at rest position, as well as 0mm ( %). People with high
        educational level preferd upper anterior teeth exposing 0mm,while people
        with low educational attainment chose 0mm. Also, most dentists chose 0mm
        while most laymne chose 0mm. Further more, teeth with high and normal
        brightness were preferred than dark ones. More dentists, rather than
        laymne, chose original teeth colour while more laymne perfered brighter
        teeth. Conclusion: most people appreciate upper central incisor exposing
        0mm and 0mm at rest position. Moreover, bright teeth are more popular
        than dark ones. There are significant differences between dentist and
        layman as to the choice of visible portion of anterior teeth at rest
        position and teeth colour. In addition, educational background will
        affect informants'choices when looking at varied visible portion of
        upper central incisor at rest position.
  - source_sentence: >-
      The recursive circulant network G(N,d) can be widely used in the design
      and implementation of parallel processing architectures. It consists of N
      identical nodes, each node is connected through bidirectional,
      point-to-point communication channels to different neighbors by jumping 
      d^i , where  {\leq}i{\leq}{\lceil}{\log}_dN{ ceil}  - . In this paper, we
      investigate the routing of a message on  G( ^m,0) , a special kind of RCN,
      that is key to the performance of this network. On  G( ^m,0)  we would
      like to transmit k packets from a source node to k destination nodes
      simultaneously along paths on this network, the  i^{th}  packet will be
      transmitted along the  i^{th}  path, where  {\leq}k{\leq}m- , 
      {{\leq}}i{{\leq}}m- . In order for all packets to arrive at a destination
      node quickly and securely, we present an  O(m^ )  routing algorithm on  G(
      ^m,0)  for generating a set of one-to-many node-disjoint and nearly
      shortest paths, where each path is either shortest or nearly shortest and
      the total length of these paths is nearly minimum since the path is mainly
      determined by employing the Hungarian method.
    sentences:
      - >-
        The localised corrosion resistance (pitting and crevice corrosion) of
        the high alloy .0Cr00Ni0.0Mo superaustenitic stainless steel has been
        studied in solutions with chloride concentrations between and ppm. A
        similar study has been carried out using mixtures of equal
        concentrations of chloride and fluoride ions in the range of to ppm. pH
        values varied from to . The critical temperatures for pitting and
        crevice corrosion have been calculated for these test media using
        electrochemical techniques (direct current). From the results obtained
        by cyclic polarisation, the critical pitting temperature (CPT) and the
        critical crevice temperature (CCT) have been determined for this
        material in each of tested media. The resistance of this material to
        localised corrosion is high, mainly due to the high repassivation rate
        in the tested media. At the highest tested concentration of chloride and
        fluoride ions and at pH , the material undergoes a generalised attack.
      - >-
        The separation and recovery of NaF from fluorine containing solution by
        the common ion effect of Na+ was studied. The solubility of NaF in the
        solutions of NaCl, NaNO0, Na0CO0, Na0SO0 and NaOH at C was determined.
        It was found that when the compound containing sodium, such as Na0CO0 or
        Na0SO0 was added into NaF saturated solution to product the common ion
        effect of Na+, most of the NaF can be crystallized without evaporating
        concentration, and the added Na0CO0 or Na0SO0 can be recovered by
        cooling crystallization. Combining cooling crystallization with the
        common ion effect of Na+, different processes can be designed to recover
        NaF from different fluorine containing solutions. This will have a
        significant impact on the treatment of fluorine containing wastewater
        and the recycling of fluorine resources.
      - >-
        Wireless Mesh Networks aim to attain large connectivity with minimum
        performance degradation, as network size is increase. As such,
        scalability is one of the main characteristics of Wireless Mesh Networks
        that differentiates it from other wireless networks. This characteristic
        creates the need for bandwidth efficiency strategies to ensure that
        network performance does not degrade as the size of the network
        increase. Several researches have been done to realize mesh networks.
        However, the researches conducted were mostly focused on a per TCP/IP
        layer basis. Also, the studies on bandwidth efficiency and bandwidth
        improvement are usually dealt with as separate issues. This paper aims
        to simultaneously study bandwidth efficiency and improvement. Aside from
        optimizing the bandwidth given a fixed capacity, the capacity is also
        increased using results of physical layer studies. In this paper, the
        capacity is improved by using the concept of non-overlapping channels
        for wireless communication. A channel allocation scheme is
        conceptualized to choose the transmission channel that would optimize
        the network performance parameters with consideration of chosen Quality
        of Service (QoS) parameters. Network utility maximization is used to
        optimize the bandwidth after channel selection. Furthermore, a routing
        scheme is proposed using the results of the network utilization method
        and the channel allocation scheme to find the optimal path that would
        maximize the network gain.
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
  - cosine_accuracy
model-index:
  - name: SentenceTransformer based on allenai/specter2_aug2023refresh_base
    results:
      - task:
          type: triplet
          name: Triplet
        dataset:
          name: 'specter 2 '
          type: specter_2_
        metrics:
          - type: cosine_accuracy
            value: 0.9705747126436781
            name: Cosine Accuracy

SentenceTransformer based on allenai/specter2_aug2023refresh_base

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from allenai/specter2_aug2023refresh_base. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

Model Type: Sentence Transformer
Base model: allenai/specter2_aug2023refresh_base
Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
Output Dimensionality: 768 dimensions
Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Model Sources

Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("m7n/discipline-tuned_specter_2_015")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'The recursive circulant network G(N,d) can be widely used in the design and implementation of parallel processing architectures. It consists of N identical nodes, each node is connected through bidirectional, point-to-point communication channels to different neighbors by jumping  d^i , where  {\\leq}i{\\leq}{\\lceil}{\\log}_dN{ ceil}  - . In this paper, we investigate the routing of a message on  G( ^m,0) , a special kind of RCN, that is key to the performance of this network. On  G( ^m,0)  we would like to transmit k packets from a source node to k destination nodes simultaneously along paths on this network, the  i^{th}  packet will be transmitted along the  i^{th}  path, where  {\\leq}k{\\leq}m- ,  {{\\leq}}i{{\\leq}}m- . In order for all packets to arrive at a destination node quickly and securely, we present an  O(m^ )  routing algorithm on  G( ^m,0)  for generating a set of one-to-many node-disjoint and nearly shortest paths, where each path is either shortest or nearly shortest and the total length of these paths is nearly minimum since the path is mainly determined by employing the Hungarian method.',
    'Wireless Mesh Networks aim to attain large connectivity with minimum performance degradation, as network size is increase. As such, scalability is one of the main characteristics of Wireless Mesh Networks that differentiates it from other wireless networks. This characteristic creates the need for bandwidth efficiency strategies to ensure that network performance does not degrade as the size of the network increase. Several researches have been done to realize mesh networks. However, the researches conducted were mostly focused on a per TCP/IP layer basis. Also, the studies on bandwidth efficiency and bandwidth improvement are usually dealt with as separate issues. This paper aims to simultaneously study bandwidth efficiency and improvement. Aside from optimizing the bandwidth given a fixed capacity, the capacity is also increased using results of physical layer studies. In this paper, the capacity is improved by using the concept of non-overlapping channels for wireless communication. A channel allocation scheme is conceptualized to choose the transmission channel that would optimize the network performance parameters with consideration of chosen Quality of Service (QoS) parameters. Network utility maximization is used to optimize the bandwidth after channel selection. Furthermore, a routing scheme is proposed using the results of the network utilization method and the channel allocation scheme to find the optimal path that would maximize the network gain.',
    'The separation and recovery of NaF from fluorine containing solution by the common ion effect of Na+ was studied. The solubility of NaF in the solutions of NaCl, NaNO0, Na0CO0, Na0SO0 and NaOH at C was determined. It was found that when the compound containing sodium, such as Na0CO0 or Na0SO0 was added into NaF saturated solution to product the common ion effect of Na+, most of the NaF can be crystallized without evaporating concentration, and the added Na0CO0 or Na0SO0 can be recovered by cooling crystallization. Combining cooling crystallization with the common ion effect of Na+, different processes can be designed to recover NaF from different fluorine containing solutions. This will have a significant impact on the treatment of fluorine containing wastewater and the recycling of fluorine resources.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Triplet

Dataset: specter_2_
Evaluated with TripletEvaluator

Metric	Value
cosine_accuracy	0.9706

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

Size: 43,494 training samples
Columns: anchor, positive, and negative

Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

	anchor	positive	negative
type	string	string	string
details	min: 80 tokens mean: 231.5 tokens max: 512 tokens	min: 82 tokens mean: 228.95 tokens max: 512 tokens	min: 81 tokens mean: 229.72 tokens max: 512 tokens

Samples:

anchor	positive	negative
The deficiencies of traditional models for the provision of clinical pharmacy services are discussed, and a patient-specific model that integrates drug distribution and clinical pharmacy functions is proposed. Traditional models have either designated specific individuals as providers of clinical pharmacy services or have combined distributive and supportive services with clinical services. In both cases, clinical services have been of secondary importance. Such models have resulted in inconsistent clinical services for which the patient is not necessarily the primary focus and have made it difficult for pharmacists to understand their mission. The lack of a well-defined primary clinical role for pharmacists has confused health-care providers and created problems for managers attempting to evaluate pharmacists and justify clinical services. The integrated patient-specific model is based on the ethical imperative that the patient must be central to any health-care endeavor. Under this m...	Pharmacy workflow efficiencies achieved through the use of an electronic medication-tracking system are described. Medication dispensing turnaround times at the inpatient pharmacy of a large hospital were evaluated before and after transition from manual medication tracking to a Web-based tracking process involving sequential bar-code scanning and real-time monitoring of medication status. The transition was carried out in three phases: ( ) a workflow analysis, including the identification of optimal points for medication scanning with hand-held wireless devices, ( ) the phased implementation of an automated solution and associated hardware at a central dispensing pharmacy and three satellite locations, and ( ) postimplementation data collection to evaluate the impact of the new tracking system and areas for improvement. Relative to the manual tracking method, electronic medication tracking allowed the capture of far more data points, enabling the pharmacy team to delineate the time re...	While the long-term perspective in the organizational analysis has advanced our understanding of field-level dynamics, it has not fully clarified the micro foundation of such dynamics. As a remedy, this article aims to embrace the development of evaluation criteria in the field, where qualitative differences come to be quantitatively evaluated under a criterion associated with one of the qualities. It empirically examines the long-term field dynamics concerning the portable electronic dictionary. Chains of intended and unintended consequences constituted the process of commensuration in the field, which witnessed silent persuasion and belated opposition.
In Escherichia coli , the SeqA protein binds specifically to GATC sequences which are methylated on the A of the old strand but not on the new strand. Such hemimethylated DNA is produced by progression of the replication forks and lasts until Dam methyltransferase methylates the new strand. It is therefore believed that a region of hemimethylated DNA covered by SeqA follows the replication fork. We show that this is, indeed, the case by using global ChIP on Chip analysis of SeqA in cells synchronized regarding DNA replication. To assess hemimethylation, we developed the first genome-wide method for methylation analysis in bacteria. Since loss of the SeqA protein affects growth rate only during rapid growth when cells contain multiple replication forks, a comparison of rapid and slow growth was performed. In cells with six replication forks per chromosome, the two old forks were found to bind surprisingly little SeqA protein. Cell cycle analysis showed that loss of SeqA from the old for...	TRAP is an subunit RNA binding protein that regulates expression of genes involved in tryptophan biosynthesis and transport in Bacillus subtilis . TRAP is activated to bind RNA by binding up to molecules of l -tryptophan in pockets formed by adjacent subunits. The precise mechanism by which tryptophan binding activates TRAP is not known. Thr00 is in the tryptophan binding pocket. A TRAP mutant in which Thr00 is substituted with Val (T00V) does not bind tryptophan but binds RNA constitutively, suggesting that Thr00 plays a key role in the activation mechanism. We have examined the effects of other substitutions of Thr00. TRAP proteins with small -branched aliphatic side chains at residue bind RNA constitutively, whereas those with a small polar side chain show tryptophan-dependent RNA binding. Several mutant proteins exhibited constitutive RNA binding that was enhanced by tryptophan. Although the tryptophan and RNA binding sites on TRAP are distinct and are separated by A, several subst...	Eight rats responded on concurrent Variable-Ratio Extinction schedules for food reinforcement. The assignment of variable-ratio reinforcement to a left or right lever varied randomly following each reinforcer, and was cued by illumination of a stimulus light above that lever. Postreinforcement preference levels decreased substantially and reliably over time when the lever that just delivered reinforcement was now in extinction; however, if that lever was once again associated with variable ratio, this decrease in same-lever preference tended to be small, and for some subjects, not in evidence. The changes in preference level to the extinction lever were well described by a modified version of Killeen, Hanson, and Osborne's ( ) induction model. Consistent with this model's attribution of preference change to induction, we attribute preference change in this report to a brief period of reinforcer-induced arousal that energizes responding to the lever that delivered the last reinforcer. A...
This investigation used case studies to identify barriers to swimming and water safety education for African Americans.The focus was on urban areas and examines the physical and social settings offering recreational learn-to-swim programs through the experiences of African Americans.The findings include statements by parents of participants, swimming instructors, and nonswimmers.There was agreement that a lack of access and exposure to swimming exists for people who are African American.Knowledge or learning to swim can be viewed as cultural capital; for those not learning to swim, it is a cultural liability.This is a cycle in which the lack of access results in institutional decisions that maintain the lack of access to knowledge on water safety.	Maori (the indigenous peoples of Aotearoa, New Zealand) are intimately connected to wai (i.e., water) yet are overrepresented in New Zealand's drowning statistics each year. On average Maori account for - % of all preventable and non-preventable drowning fatalities, despite comprising only percent of New Zealand's population. Drowning remains a significant issue posing a threat to whanau (i.e., families) through premature death being imminent and whakapapa (i.e., genealogy) being interrupted. There is limited research that has examined Maori and indigenous understandings of water safety within the literature and limited studies that have investigated the issue of Maori drowning from a distinctly Maori or indigenous approach. This paper proposes a theory of Maori water safety depicted as the Wai Puna model and draws on three core concepts pertinent to a Maori worldview: whakapapa, matauranga (i.e., Maori knowledge and ways of knowing) and tikanga (i.e., customs, practices). Wai Puna pro...	The aroma of fresh and aged lemon-flavored hard tea was investigated by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), quantitative comparison, and two-dimensional chirality analysis. Aroma extract dilution analysis of fresh hard tea samples showed -methylbutanal, isoamyl alcohol, -damascenone, -ionone, -phenylethanol, -hydroxy- -dimethyl- (0H)-furanone, and vanillin could be the most important aroma contributors to the hard tea due to their high FD values. The analysis of the aged hard tea samples did not reveal new compound formation during storage; however, compared with fresh samples, the flavor dilution value changed substantially in the aged samples. Both AEDA and quantitative analysis demonstrated that -damascenone increased substantially in aged samples, whereas terpene aldehydes decreased substantially after storage. In addition, the FD value of linalool decreased dramatically in aged samples. Two-dimensional GC-MS chirality analysis revealed the FD value decrease of linalool in aged...

Loss: TripletLoss with these parameters:

{
    "distance_metric": "TripletDistanceMetric.COSINE",
    "triplet_margin": 0.6
}

Evaluation Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

Size: 2,174 evaluation samples
Columns: anchor, positive, and negative

Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

	anchor	positive	negative
type	string	string	string
details	min: 78 tokens mean: 234.55 tokens max: 512 tokens	min: 83 tokens mean: 235.43 tokens max: 512 tokens	min: 86 tokens mean: 228.9 tokens max: 512 tokens

Samples:

anchor	positive	negative
The strong focus on global warming the recent years has contributed to a change towards a more climate friendly and energy efficient energy system. New energy efficient electrical appliances have clearly shown to be a challenge in the Norwegian distribution system and in the low voltage network in particular. These types of electrical loads have shown to increasingly often cause voltage disturbances exceeding the quality limits in both the EN00000 [ ] and the Norwegian voltage quality regulations [ ]. This have shown to cause everything from only irritation among customers based on poor lighting quality to malfunction and trip of electrical equipment. Estimates made by Norwegian network operators indicate that the necessary network reinforcement investments in Norway are in the range to billion Euros if all customers are being allowed to install and use the most challenging electrical appliances. These challenges will probably be similar in other countries if not necessarily as large a...	The aim of this paper is to provide the power industry with a better understanding of consumers' attitudes and actions at a time when major grid investments are due to be launched. In order to reach the EUs ambitious goals for renewable energy, about major grid projects are being planned throughout Europe. Projects of this kind are often met by strong protests from local environmentalists. This generates negative publicity for the power industry, prolonged official treatment and delays in completing the projects. This results in major socio-economic consequences and should be avoided. Both the industry and the authorities rely upon public acceptance of the measures that are needed to uphold the progress of the projects. How can the power industry handle these challenges? ( pages)	The drawing submitted to the examination of the Society, and engraved Plate XVI. represents a mosaic pavement before the altar of the chapel in the prior's lodgings at ELY, built of stone by John Crawden, or Crouden, prior from to , now a dwelling house, making part of the Deanery, and lately in the occupation of the Reverend Mr. Lewis Jones, son of the late prebendary of that name. The pavement is feet inches long, and feet inch wide and represents the fall of man; Adam and Eve at the forbidden tree, whose fruit the serpent with a human face, which some persons believed he assumed, seems to be recommending to the latter.
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate a new commercial source of monensin (MON) on performance of mid-lactation dairy cows. In Experiment , Holstein cows ( multiparous and primiparous; DIM; kg/d milk yield; kg BW; mean SD) were used in a randomized block design experiment with a -d covariate and -wk treatment period. The first wk of the treatment period were considered adaptation and the last wk were used for data collection and analysis. Treatments were: Control (CTR; no MON added), Rumensin®️ (RUM; mg/d MON from Elanco Animal Health Inc.), and Monovet®️ (MVet; mg/d MON from Huvepharma®️ US Inc.). All cows were fed the same base diet throughout the experiment and treatments were top-dressed during the treatment period. Orthogonal contrasts were used to evaluate CTR vs. MON (RUM + MVet) and RUM vs. MVet. Compared with CTR, MON tended to increase milk yield ( vs. kg/d) but did not affect DMI or feed efficiency. The MVet treatment improved feed efficiency compared with RUM ( v...	The Cornell Net Carbohydrate Protein Model (Chalupa et al., ;Sniffen et al., ) has developed the need for uniform procedures to partition feed nitrogen into A, B, and C fractions (Pichard and Van Soest, ).While carbohydrate fractions are relatively standardized (based on NDF, ADF with corrections for ash, protein, and lignin), the fractionation of plant nitrogen has been open to considerable variation in procedures.This has led to non-uniformity among reported values for nitrogen fractions.This paper recommends reliable procedures for nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) and buffer-soluble protein.These procedures have been examined for reproducibility and relevance to biological expectations.Procedures for acid-detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN), and neutral-detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN) am also included as they are required for the model.Some alternatives in certain procedures are offered.	This article takes the theme of the fight of the soul with the body and presents selected items of anthropology of St. John Chrysostom. John Chrysostom examines the human situation after original sin in the eschatological aspect and indicates that the body is not the cause of evil, because sin is the consequence of free choice man. Then presents the relationship between the body and the soul, and stresses that the body is subordinate to the soul, to whom falls the responsibility for the deeds of the body. The soul is immortal by the will of God and his dignity transcends the body. The Preacher explains that the worldly biological life doesn't mean real life. John Chrysostom in teaching on man understands the word "spirit" not as a living soul, that is to say, the spiritual element of the man, but as the "Holy Spirit", of course, without the recognition of the role of anything of the soul. Consequently, the struggle between body and spirit means the fight between earthy concern resultin...
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Leadership style, Organizational Culture towards the Employee Performance, by partially and simultaneously at commmanditaire vennootschaap (c.v) Kaka Bersaudari, Pangkalpinang. Based on the results of the study shows that: ( ) there is a significant influence between Leadership style towards Employee Performance, which is approved by the value of t -count much greater thant t -table ( > ). ( ) The results also shows that there is a significant influence between Organizational Culture towards Employee Performance, which is proven by the value of t-count much greater than t -table ( > ). ( ) The results show that there is a significant influence between Leadership style and Organizational Culture simultantenously towards Employee Performance by the means of empirically finding by the value of F -count much greater than F -table ( > ). In conclusion, according to the result of this study we suggested to the commmanditaire vennootscha...	The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of leadership on interpersonal communication, and work motivation on work productivity of employees at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Branch Pangkalpinang. The research method used probability sampling method. Respondents of this research are employees at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Branch Pangkalpinang number of people. The variables used are leadership as independent variable and work productivity as dependent variable and variable of interpersonal communication and work motivation as intervening variable developed by itself according to its indicators. This study uses qualitative analysis of direct primary data field, as a tool in the processing of statistical data used SPSS program.The results showed that: After the calculation through the application of SPSS version program obtained the conclusion that all variables affect each other directly or indirectly that has been proven by hypothesis testing on each variable. Based on the ...	Epigenetic modifications influence gene expression and provide a unique mechanism for fine-tuning cellular differentiation and development in multicellular organisms. Here we report on the biological functions of UTX- , the Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of mammalian UTX, a histone demethylase specific for H0K00me0/ . We demonstrate that utx- is an essential gene that is required for correct embryonic and postembryonic development. Consistent with its homology to UTX, UTX- regulates global levels of H0K00me0/ in C. elegans. Surprisingly, we found that the catalytic activity is not required for the developmental function of this protein. Biochemical analysis identified UTX- as a component of a complex that includes SET- (MLL), and genetic analysis indicates that the defects associated with loss of UTX- are likely mediated by compromised SET- /UTX- complex activity. Taken together, these results demonstrate that UTX- is required for many aspects of nematode development; but, unexpected...

Loss: TripletLoss with these parameters:

{
    "distance_metric": "TripletDistanceMetric.COSINE",
    "triplet_margin": 0.6
}

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

eval_strategy: steps
per_device_train_batch_size: 12
per_device_eval_batch_size: 12
learning_rate: 2e-05
weight_decay: 0.01
num_train_epochs: 1
warmup_ratio: 0.2
batch_sampler: no_duplicates

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

overwrite_output_dir: False
do_predict: False
eval_strategy: steps
prediction_loss_only: True
per_device_train_batch_size: 12
per_device_eval_batch_size: 12
per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
eval_accumulation_steps: None
torch_empty_cache_steps: None
learning_rate: 2e-05
weight_decay: 0.01
adam_beta1: 0.9
adam_beta2: 0.999
adam_epsilon: 1e-08
max_grad_norm: 1.0
num_train_epochs: 1
max_steps: -1
lr_scheduler_type: linear
lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
warmup_ratio: 0.2
warmup_steps: 0
log_level: passive
log_level_replica: warning
log_on_each_node: True
logging_nan_inf_filter: True
save_safetensors: True
save_on_each_node: False
save_only_model: False
restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
no_cuda: False
use_cpu: False
use_mps_device: False
seed: 42
data_seed: None
jit_mode_eval: False
use_ipex: False
bf16: False
fp16: False
fp16_opt_level: O1
half_precision_backend: auto
bf16_full_eval: False
fp16_full_eval: False
tf32: None
local_rank: 0
ddp_backend: None
tpu_num_cores: None
tpu_metrics_debug: False
debug: []
dataloader_drop_last: False
dataloader_num_workers: 0
dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
past_index: -1
disable_tqdm: False
remove_unused_columns: True
label_names: None
load_best_model_at_end: False
ignore_data_skip: False
fsdp: []
fsdp_min_num_params: 0
fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
deepspeed: None
label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
optim: adamw_torch
optim_args: None
adafactor: False
group_by_length: False
length_column_name: length
ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
dataloader_pin_memory: True
dataloader_persistent_workers: False
skip_memory_metrics: True
use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
push_to_hub: False
resume_from_checkpoint: None
hub_model_id: None
hub_strategy: every_save
hub_private_repo: None
hub_always_push: False
gradient_checkpointing: False
gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
include_inputs_for_metrics: False
include_for_metrics: []
eval_do_concat_batches: True
fp16_backend: auto
push_to_hub_model_id: None
push_to_hub_organization: None
mp_parameters:
auto_find_batch_size: False
full_determinism: False
torchdynamo: None
ray_scope: last
ddp_timeout: 1800
torch_compile: False
torch_compile_backend: None
torch_compile_mode: None
dispatch_batches: None
split_batches: None
include_tokens_per_second: False
include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
neftune_noise_alpha: None
optim_target_modules: None
batch_eval_metrics: False
eval_on_start: False
use_liger_kernel: False
eval_use_gather_object: False
average_tokens_across_devices: False
prompts: None
batch_sampler: no_duplicates
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	Training Loss	Validation Loss	specter_2__cosine_accuracy
0	0	-	-	0.9493
0.0138	50	0.488	0.4523	0.9539
0.0276	100	0.3873	0.3068	0.9592
0.0414	150	0.2534	0.1969	0.96
0.0552	200	0.1714	0.1464	0.9686
0.0690	250	0.1376	0.1196	0.9684
0.0828	300	0.1069	0.1032	0.9697
0.0966	350	0.1195	0.0961	0.9695
0.1103	400	0.1085	0.0952	0.9707
0.1241	450	0.0867	0.0895	0.9706
0.1379	500	0.094	0.0867	0.9707
0.1517	550	0.0979	0.0906	0.9694
0.1655	600	0.1003	0.0849	0.9707
0.1793	650	0.0877	0.0842	0.9716
0.1931	700	0.0967	0.0851	0.9683
0.2069	750	0.0953	0.0888	0.9679
0.2207	800	0.0761	0.0848	0.9683
0.2345	850	0.0966	0.0809	0.9699
0.2483	900	0.1048	0.0875	0.9677
0.2621	950	0.0929	0.0838	0.9691
0.2759	1000	0.0851	0.0817	0.9697
0.2897	1050	0.0765	0.0860	0.9676
0.3034	1100	0.0836	0.0835	0.9706
0.3172	1150	0.0811	-	-

Framework Versions

Python: 3.10.12
Sentence Transformers: 3.3.1
Transformers: 4.49.0.dev0
PyTorch: 2.5.1+cu121
Accelerate: 1.2.1
Datasets: 3.2.0
Tokenizers: 0.21.0

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

TripletLoss

@misc{hermans2017defense,
    title={In Defense of the Triplet Loss for Person Re-Identification},
    author={Alexander Hermans and Lucas Beyer and Bastian Leibe},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1703.07737},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CV}
}