metadata

tags:
  - sentence-transformers
  - sentence-similarity
  - feature-extraction
  - generated_from_trainer
  - dataset_size:43494
  - loss:TripletLoss
base_model: allenai/specter2_aug2023refresh_base
widget:
  - source_sentence: >-
      As a result of technological progress, environmental aspects and social
      change, the automotive industry is undergoing a radical transformation.
      The focus is no longer on the product "vehicle" but much more on the
      mobility service itself and the users individual experience and well-being
      during travel time. In that field of innovation, the study deals with a
      explorative investigation of using the travel time for a improvement of
      the mental health of the passenger. The vision is to integrate breathwork
      relaxation in combination with a human centric lighting scenario as an
      immersive service within luxury ride-hailing vehicles to enhance the
      mental health during automated rides and utilizing the time spent in cars
      for personal pleasure. To enable a user-centered and experimental
      approach, a test vehicle from the non-profit company bq.Labs was equipped
      with the bq breath work app and a spezialized LED-based lighting screen
      that was developed by Fraunhofer. The effects were tested on randomly
      selected and voluntary users in a guerrilla testing at three different
      locations in San Diego. The tests explored user acceptance of the
      innovative technologies by combining surveys, vital data collection,
      qualitative interviews and observations. Initial data analysis provides
      insights into the feasibility and potential effects on well-being and user
      perception. The study illustrates those innovations in the field of
      mobility, involve systemic dependencies and considerations beyond
      technology, encompassing social and psychological dimensions. It
      underscores that successful innovations require a holistic, user-centered
      approach that considers technological, social, and psychological
      dimensions. The findings lay the groundwork for future research and
      development of innovation strategies in the evolving field of mobility and
      personalized strength.
    sentences:
      - >-
        We examined casual decision-making among a group of participants, which
        frequently occurs in daily life. In such a situation, participants do
        not have strong preferences for the decision. In addition, because the
        process of decision-making among people is part of the time they spend
        together, it is important to feel enjoyment in the process and
        satisfaction with the final decision. In this paper, we propose a game
        mechanism for generating a sense of enjoyment in the decision-making
        process through communication and a sense of acceptance of the final
        decision. We experimentally compared two ways to make decisions about
        beverages: ) majority voting and ) the proposed game. In the latter
        case, the participants enjoyed playing the game and were satisfied with
        the decision-making process.
      - >-
        This paper presents several important factors affecting the resale
        prices of used rental cars. In fact, this paper empirically shows and
        proves several conjectures regarding the determinants for used rental
        car resale values through the use of detailed micro data from one of the
        biggest rental car companies. Specifically, the age of a used car has
        two composite effects on its resale value, even though overall the two
        effects work negatively with a concavity, as rental cars ages. On the
        other hand, two mileage variables interact with each other and produce
        overall decreasing effects on the resale prices with the opposite
        interactions. In terms of the effects of brand image, Hyundai and
        Renault-Samsung have positive effects on resale values generally.
        Ssangyong has a positive effect on the resale values in the SUV
        category, and Kia and GM-Daewoo are generally inferior to the other
        brands in terms of resale values in all categories. In terms of seasonal
        effects, we can conclude that this paper confirms the general perception
        regarding seasonal effects on resale values. In details, from November
        to February, resale values are affected negatively, and March is the
        recovering month of increasing demand in the used car market. August
        seems to be the highest season for the used car market due to several
        demand increases. As a result, this paper plays an important role in
        providing a substantial amount of information on the factors affecting
        the resale prices of rental cars.
      - >-
        In this paper we present an approach used to enhance students'
        competency in software verification. Students were asked to apply
        software verification techniques to a complex formal specification
        system. The complexity of the system stems from its sophisticated
        requirements. Selecting such system for this study was intentional for
        the following two reasons ) the system is difficult to understand and
        analyze because of the domain knowledge required to generate formal
        specifications in temporal logic and ) the system is large and complex
        which lends itself to a wide range of applicable verification
        techniques, and thus highlights the differences in the capabilities of
        each of the software verification approaches. Students were assessed
        using multiple criteria including; examination in applying learned
        techniques, students' attitude toward the technique, perceived
        efficiency of the techniques in discovering software defects, and the
        ability of the technique to locate errors in the code beyond simply
        indicating their presence. The results of this work show that the
        students applied the learned techniques successfully and their attitudes
        towards software verification improved.
  - source_sentence: >-
      EnglishThe literature has argued that, contrary to what claimed by the
      rational economic theory, trade unions have progressively moved towards
      the representation of atypical workers by adopting more inclusive
      strategies of collective bargaining. The strength and modalities of such
      strategies are affected by national institutions of labour market and
      company-level union representation to which trade unions can draw in
      workplaces. Within this context, still remain to be discovered how the
      aforementioned institutions are enacted and in what subjects of employment
      relations can be used by unions in order to protect atypical work. This
      paper deals with these issues. It analyzes how unions have used
      distinctive institutional factors with regards of both external and
      interna! flexibility and in reference to regular and temporary workers to
      be able to improve the working conditions of atypical work. Trade unions
      negotiated a promotion system to permanent positions and allowed temporary
      workers to develop the same skills acquired by regular employees, which
      were also beneficial for permanent workers' employment conditions. The
      defense of regular workers' employrnent conditions was crucial in order to
      maintain an inclusive strategy of collective bargaining.
      italianoIntroduzione. - Contesto istituzionale e mobilizazione delle
      risorse. - Flessibilita ed interessi della forza del lavoro atipica e
      regolare. - Disegno e metodo della ricerca. - La strategia di
      contrattazione colletiva inclusiva fra flessibilita esterna ed interna. -
      Analisi e discussione. - Conclusioni.
    sentences:
      - >-
        Much has been invested in big data and artificial intelligence-based
        solutions for healthcare. However, few applications have been
        implemented in clinical practice. Early economic evaluations can help to
        improve decision-making by developers of analytics underlying these
        solutions aiming to increase the likelihood of successful
        implementation, but recommendations about their use are lacking. The aim
        of this study was to develop and apply a framework that positions best
        practice methods for economic evaluations alongside development of
        analytics, thereby enabling developers to identify barriers to success
        and to select analytics worth further investments.
      - >-
        An in situ field test on nine commonly-used soil water sensors was
        carried out in a sandy loam soil located in the Potato Research Center,
        Fredericton, NB (Canada) using the gravimetric method as a reference.
        The results showed that among the tested sensors, regardless of
        installation depths and soil water regimes, CS000, Trase, and Troxler
        performed the best with the factory calibrations, with a relative root
        mean square error (RRMSE) of , , and %, and a r( ) of , , and ,
        respectively. TRIME, Moisture Point (MP000), and Gopher performed
        slightly worse with the factory calibrations, with a RRMSE of , , and %,
        and a r( ) of , , and , respectively, while the Gypsum, WaterMark, and
        Netafim showed a frequent need for calibration in the application in
        this region.
      - >-
        The article proposes a comparison between British devolution and Italian
        one, both have occurred at about the same time (from the end of Nineties
        years until now), looking what is common in devolution process inside
        two cultural and institutional context deeply different. About the
        constitutional innovation, British and Italian political systems know
        different method to pass a reform: in British system, Westminster
        parliament is sovereign not only in ordinary law-making but above all in
        constitutional matter (this is the meaning of parliament sovereignty in
        Dicey's thought); in Italian system, constitutional power isn't on the
        same degree of ordinary law, because the parliament makes ordinary law
        and an ad hoc convention makes the constitution (or at least its
        fundamental reforms), as it's in French tradition. In spite of so, it's
        possible to see a common element in British and Italian devolution, on
        the side of its limits: that is the difficult to compatible the
        post-centralistic state and its fiscal autonomy with the universalistic
        principles of welfare state. This may be one of the mains challenge that
        Western states will have to face, looking for a new political balances
        for the new era that follows the cold war end.
  - source_sentence: >-
      Objective Compared with povidone iodine solution to clean,glutaraldehyde
      immersion,highpressure steam sterilization of three disinfection methods
      for dental handpiece sterilization effect.Methods Select the dental
      clinical used over phone,were randomly divided into A group,B group,C
      group,D group ,A group for the control group,only cleaning method did not
      use any disinfection,B group was % Polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine
      solution,wipe,C group were soaked in % glutaraldehyde soluton,D group were
      treated with high-pressure steam sterilization,after each phone were
      inoculated with bacteria sample dish,the more monitoring of four groups of
      bacterial culture.Results A group of bacterial culture for the intensive
      growth of bacteria,B group had bacterial growth for the(+ ~+ +
      +),bacterial growth;C group had bacterial culturegrowth was(+ ~ +
      +),bacterial growth;D group of bacterial culture Growth of(-),no bacterial
      growth.Conclusion High-pressure steam sterilization was the disinfection
      of dental handpieces most effective way. Key words: Disinfection;Dental
      high-speed equipment
    sentences:
      - >-
        Objective To study the self-locking brackets SmartclipTM 0MXTM MBTTM
        brackets and traditional pain comparison.Methods patients with
        non-extraction orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into two
        groups,a group treated with self-locking brackets,the other group
        treated with traditional care slot.Patients in orthodontic treatment of
        pain within a week were inoestigated by way of a questionnaire
        survey,including orthodontic pain,soft tissue irritation,and the
        strength of a normal life for patients with the impact.Results
        Questionnaire response rate was %.The level of pain was similar in
        self-ligating bracket group and the traditional bracket
        group.However,time-related,including pain after orthodontic treatment
        was 0h,0 d time,the most intense pain and continued to 0d,back pain
        relief,0w about pain relief.Conclusion Self-locking brackets and
        brackets have noobvious pain intensity differences,but related with
        orthodontic force to the clinical use of force should pay attention to
        light. Key words: Self-ligating bracket;Traditional brackets;Orthodontic
        treatment;Pain
      - >-
        Simulation of inflorescences is an important part of virtual plant
        growth. The past works about simulation of inflorescences focus mainly
        on how to generate inflorescences by However, the productions of L
        system are difficult to understand and implement since it is described
        with rule based language, and especially it needs too many parameters in
        simulating inflorescence development and flowering sequences. Dual scale
        automaton is a plant growth model based on plant growth mechanisms,
        which is easy to understand and implement in programming. In this paper,
        the method of simulating inflorescence using dual scale automaton model
        is discussed. The dual scale automaton model is improved by introducing
        the rule of synchronization development, mechanism of reiteration and
        delay law of plant growth from the viewpoints of botany,which make it
        possible to generate almost all types of the inflorescences defined by
        botanists, and to simulate acropetal and basipetal flowering sequences.
        Several examples of simulation of typical inflorescences are given for
        explaining the theory. The improved model is demonstrated a simpler but
        more effective method in simulating inflorescences in comparison with L
        system.
      - >-
        I N late and through the summer of , the York County Court launched a
        concerted attack against Quakers in its part of Massachusetts.* York
        county magistrate Richard Waldron arrested three visiting Quaker women
        and had them beaten out of the jurisdiction; then, apparently in
        response to his recommendations, the court proceeded to cite local
        Quakers living in Kittery for their failure to attend orthodox church
        services.l Although Waldron's actions did not occur until five years
        after the General Court had begun its program of suppressing Quakerism,
        they seemed consistent with the general pattern of persecution in
        seventeenth-century Massachusetts Bay: the discovery of heterodoxy
        followed by an immediate attempt to produce local conformity.0 Yet the
        considerable delay in Kittery in attacking Quakerism and the lack of any
        subsequent systematic effort to produce conformity raise a number of
        questions regarding the extent to which prejudice against heterodoxy was
        the sole motive for suppressing Quakerism in Massachusetts. Between and
        the York County Court attacked Quaker heterodoxy only on a limited
        number of occasions. Each of the incidents suggests that Kittery Quakers
        were punished not because their religious beliefs offended the court but
        because those beliefs denoted certain positions on secular issues, and
        men like Waldron could employ ecclesiastical sanctions to enlist sources
  - source_sentence: >-
      Androgen therapy is the mainstay of treatment for the hypogonadotropic
      hypogonadal micropenis because it obviously enhances penis growth in
      prepubescent microphallic patients. However, the molecular mechanisms of
      androgen treatment leading to penis growth are still largely unknown. To
      clarify this well-known phenomenon, we successfully generated a castrated
      male Sprague Dawley rat model at puberty followed by testosterone
      administration. Interestingly, compared with the control group,
      testosterone treatment stimulated a dose-dependent increase of penis
      weight, length, and width in castrated rats accompanied with a dramatic
      recovery of the pathological changes of the penis. Mechanistically,
      testosterone administration substantially increased the expression of
      androgen receptor (AR) protein. Increased AR protein in the penis could
      subsequently initiate transcription of its target genes, including keratin
      00B (Krt00b). Importantly, we demonstrated that KRT00B is generally
      expressed in the rat penis and that most KRT00B expression is cytoplasmic.
      Furthermore, AR could directly modulate its expression by binding to a
      putative androgen response element sequence of the Krt00b promoter.
      Overall, this study reveals a novel mechanism facilitating penis growth
      after testosterone treatment in precastrated prepubescent animals, in
      which androgen enhances the expression of AR protein as well as its target
      genes, such as Krt00b.
    sentences:
      - >-
        This study develops statistical learning models to assess the
        probability of undergraduate students graduating within a predetermined
        period, utilizing admission, performance, and demographic data. The
        urgency of addressing student attrition is highlighted by recent data
        from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), indicating a %
        completion rate by full-time undergraduates within six years. This
        research leverages institutional data from a Saudi University, focusing
        on freshmen enrolled in the - and - academic years, to identify students
        at risk of dropping out, thereby enabling timely interventions. Ten
        algorithms, including decision trees, ensemble models, SVM, and ANN,
        were built and evaluated on a test set representing % of the entire
        dataset using precision, recall, accuracy, and Matthews correlation
        coefficient (MCC). The findings show that SVM and Random Forest models
        were the most reliable, achieving accuracies of and respectively, and
        maintaining balance in precision, recall, and MCC. Conversely, the naive
        Bayes model recorded the worst performance. The comparative analysis
        revealed the superior performance of ensemble models over decision tree
        models in predicting student attrition, emphasizing the importance of
        model selection in developing effective early intervention strategies.
        In addition, our analysis revealed that academic data is a better
        predictor of on-time graduation than admission data, emphasizing the
        need for institutions to focus on continuous academic assessment data.
      - >-
        Timely and accurate prediction of human movement in urban areas offers
        instructive insights into transportation management, public safety, and
        location-based services, to name a few. Yet, modeling urban mobility is
        challenging and complex because of the spatiotemporal dynamics of
        movement behavior and the influence of exogenous factors such as
        weather, holidays, and local events. In this paper, we use bus
        transportation as a proxy to mine spatiotemporal travel patterns. We
        propose a deep-learning-based urban mobility prediction model that
        collectively forecasts passenger flows between pairs of city regions in
        an origin-destination (OD) matrix. We first process OD matrices in a
        convolutional neural network to capture spatial correlations.
        Intermediate results are reconstructed into three multivariate time
        series: hourly, daily, and weekly time series. Each time series is
        aggregated in a long short-term memory (LSTM) network with a novel
        attention mechanism to guide the aggregation. In addition, our model is
        context-aware by using contextual embeddings learned from exogenous
        factors. We dynamically merge results from LSTM components and context
        embeddings in a late fusion network to make a final prediction. The
        proposed model is implemented and evaluated using a large-scale
        transportation data set of more than million bus trips with a suite of
        Big Data technologies developed for data processing. Through performance
        comparison, we show that our approach achieves sizable accuracy
        improvements in urban mobility prediction. Our work has major
        implications for efficient transportation system design and performance
        improvement. The proposed deep neural network structure is generally
        applicable for sequential graph data prediction.
      - >-
        Various methods are currently under investigation to preserve fertility
        in males treated with high-dose chemotherapy and radiation for malignant
        and nonmalignant disorders. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
        (HUC-MSCs), which possess potent immunosuppressive function and secrete
        various cytokines and growth factors, have the potential clinical
        applications. As a potential alternative, we investigate whether
        injection of HUC-MSCs into the interstitial compartment of the testes to
        promote spermatogenic regeneration efficiently. HUC-MSCs were isolated
        from different sources of umbilical cords and injected into the
        interstitial space of one testis from busulfan-treated mice (saline and
        HEK000 cells injections were performed in a separate set of mice) and
        the other testis remained uninjected. Three weeks after MSCs injection,
        Relative quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
        was used to identify the expression of of germ cell associated, which
        are all related to meiosis, demonstrated higher levels of spermatogenic
        gene expression ( fold) in HUC-MSCs injected testes compared to the
        contralateral uninjected testes (five mice). Protein levels for germ
        cell-specific genes, miwi, vasa and synaptonemal complex protein (Scp0)
        were also higher in MSC-treated testes compared to injected controls
        weeks after treatment. However, no different expression was detected in
        saline water and HEK000 cells injection control group. We have
        demonstrated HUC-MSCs could affect mouse germ cell-specific genes
        expression. The results also provide a possibility that the transplanted
        HUC-MSCs may promote the recovery of spermatogenesis. This study
        provides further evidence for preclinical therapeutic effects of
        HUC-MSCs, and explores a new approach to the treatment of azoospermia.
  - source_sentence: >-
      Twenty one surviving infants of pregnancies complicated by rupture of the
      membranes during the second trimester that lasted at least one week have
      been followed up for a median of months. Five infants ( %) had recurrent
      respiratory problems (episodes of wheezing and coughing occurring at least
      once a week) which related significantly to the use of neonatal
      ventilation and to very preterm delivery. Five of the infants who were
      born preterm and with birth weights of less than g had recurrent
      respiratory symptoms ( %). This compares favourably with an incidence of
      symptoms of % among surviving low birthweight infants born at this
      hospital after pregnancies not complicated by premature rupture of the
      membranes. Neither recurrent respiratory symptoms nor admission to
      hospital for chest related disorders were associated with the timing of
      onset or duration of rupture of the membranes. We conclude that, among
      survivors of premature rupture of the membranes, chronic respiratory
      morbidity would best be prevented by avoiding very preterm delivery,
      regardless of the duration of the rupture.
    sentences:
      - >-
        We report a case of prosthetic valve nocardia endocarditis. A year old
        farmer underwent aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valve.
        The immediate post-operative course was uneventful but weeks later he
        developed fever. A trans-oesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) showed a
        string like structure attached to the prosthetic valve. Blood cultures
        grew N. farcinica. He was initially treated with
        trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ), but due to eosinophilia and
        leucopenia his treatment was changed to imipenem and amikacin. He
        developed a rash, presumed to be due to imipenem, which was then
        substituted with linezolid. He completed a week course of intravenous
        (i.v.) antibiotics. Desensitization with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was
        successful and the patient received oral amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for
        months. At present, months from diagnosis, he is afebrile and TEE is
        normal. To our knowledge, this case is the fifth reported case of
        successful treatment of prosthetic valve nocardia endocarditis treated
        without surgery.
      - >-
        The effect of different variants of compiling integrated samples for
        biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) kinetics was studied in long-term
        experiments (up to days) with water samples taken from the central
        deep-water region of Lake Onego. It was a series of experiments carried
        out simultaneously at and in different seasons of . Five sampling
        variants were employed with different horizon combinations: near
        surface, near bottom, from different depths in the water column, from
        the photic and profundal layers. Two experiments were performed with
        winter water, three with summer water, four with autumn water, and seven
        experiments with spring water. The most representative sample for
        studying BOD in long-term experiments is an sample composed of water
        from different horizons of the photic layer ( m). For each variant of
        integrated sample composition, BOD development in the experiments was
        modeled by a corresponding kinetic equation whose parameters represented
        the oxidation characteristics of components of the organic matter
        present in the water and transformed in the long-term BOD experiment.
        The resultant kinetic parameters of BOD were analyzed in relation to the
        factors determining the final oxidation of the organic matter
        components. The patterns in which the type of BOD development is formed
        depend on the integrated water sample collection/compilation conditions
        and are characterized by the average values of the organic matter
        contained in the water, estimated either analytically or from empirical
        equations, as well as by the temperature of exposure of water samples in
        the experiment. Synthesis of the resultant information showed that the
        values of BOD kinetic parameters were generally lower in spring water
        taken from the central part of Lake Onego as compared with other
        seasons, since the oxidation potential of organic matter components in
        spring water is higher.
      - >-
        Doppler ultrasound measurements of pulmonary blood flow in babies with
        severe respiratory distress syndrome treated in a randomised controlled
        trial of surfactant replacement showed that the immediate improvement of
        oxygenation was not associated with a significant increase in pulmonary
        blood flow. Reduction in ventilator settings and increases in the extent
        of chest wall movements measured by a cardiorespiratory monitor
        suggested that the improvement after surfactant had been given was a
        result of alveolar stabilisation and increased pulmonary compliance.
        Further simultaneous studies of pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary
        compliance are needed to confirm these findings.
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
  - cosine_accuracy
model-index:
  - name: SentenceTransformer based on allenai/specter2_aug2023refresh_base
    results:
      - task:
          type: triplet
          name: Triplet
        dataset:
          name: discipline tuned specter 2 022
          type: discipline-tuned_specter_2_022
        metrics:
          - type: cosine_accuracy
            value: 0.9713793103448276
            name: Cosine Accuracy
      - task:
          type: triplet
          name: Triplet
        dataset:
          name: discipline tuned specter 2 024
          type: discipline-tuned_specter_2_024
        metrics:
          - type: cosine_accuracy
            value: 0.9710344827586207
            name: Cosine Accuracy

SentenceTransformer based on allenai/specter2_aug2023refresh_base

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from allenai/specter2_aug2023refresh_base. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

Model Type: Sentence Transformer
Base model: allenai/specter2_aug2023refresh_base
Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
Output Dimensionality: 768 dimensions
Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Model Sources

Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("m7n/discipline-tuned_specter_2_024")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Twenty one surviving infants of pregnancies complicated by rupture of the membranes during the second trimester that lasted at least one week have been followed up for a median of months. Five infants ( %) had recurrent respiratory problems (episodes of wheezing and coughing occurring at least once a week) which related significantly to the use of neonatal ventilation and to very preterm delivery. Five of the infants who were born preterm and with birth weights of less than g had recurrent respiratory symptoms ( %). This compares favourably with an incidence of symptoms of % among surviving low birthweight infants born at this hospital after pregnancies not complicated by premature rupture of the membranes. Neither recurrent respiratory symptoms nor admission to hospital for chest related disorders were associated with the timing of onset or duration of rupture of the membranes. We conclude that, among survivors of premature rupture of the membranes, chronic respiratory morbidity would best be prevented by avoiding very preterm delivery, regardless of the duration of the rupture.',
    'Doppler ultrasound measurements of pulmonary blood flow in babies with severe respiratory distress syndrome treated in a randomised controlled trial of surfactant replacement showed that the immediate improvement of oxygenation was not associated with a significant increase in pulmonary blood flow. Reduction in ventilator settings and increases in the extent of chest wall movements measured by a cardiorespiratory monitor suggested that the improvement after surfactant had been given was a result of alveolar stabilisation and increased pulmonary compliance. Further simultaneous studies of pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary compliance are needed to confirm these findings.',
    'The effect of different variants of compiling integrated samples for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) kinetics was studied in long-term experiments (up to days) with water samples taken from the central deep-water region of Lake Onego. It was a series of experiments carried out simultaneously at and in different seasons of . Five sampling variants were employed with different horizon combinations: near surface, near bottom, from different depths in the water column, from the photic and profundal layers. Two experiments were performed with winter water, three with summer water, four with autumn water, and seven experiments with spring water. The most representative sample for studying BOD in long-term experiments is an sample composed of water from different horizons of the photic layer ( m). For each variant of integrated sample composition, BOD development in the experiments was modeled by a corresponding kinetic equation whose parameters represented the oxidation characteristics of components of the organic matter present in the water and transformed in the long-term BOD experiment. The resultant kinetic parameters of BOD were analyzed in relation to the factors determining the final oxidation of the organic matter components. The patterns in which the type of BOD development is formed depend on the integrated water sample collection/compilation conditions and are characterized by the average values of the organic matter contained in the water, estimated either analytically or from empirical equations, as well as by the temperature of exposure of water samples in the experiment. Synthesis of the resultant information showed that the values of BOD kinetic parameters were generally lower in spring water taken from the central part of Lake Onego as compared with other seasons, since the oxidation potential of organic matter components in spring water is higher.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Triplet

Datasets: discipline-tuned_specter_2_022 and discipline-tuned_specter_2_024
Evaluated with TripletEvaluator

Metric	discipline-tuned_specter_2_022	discipline-tuned_specter_2_024
cosine_accuracy	0.9714	0.971

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

Size: 43,494 training samples
Columns: anchor, positive, and negative

Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

	anchor	positive	negative
type	string	string	string
details	min: 80 tokens mean: 232.53 tokens max: 512 tokens	min: 81 tokens mean: 230.16 tokens max: 512 tokens	min: 86 tokens mean: 229.66 tokens max: 512 tokens

Samples:

anchor	positive	negative
Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the major risk factors for morbidity and overall mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, and a number of risk factors, including serological markers, have been identified in recent years, correlating with clinical course and disease severity. Furthermore, a distinctive autoantibody profile has recently been reported in African- American SLE women with LN. The aim of this study was to characterize the autoantibody profile in African-American SLE patients, with LN and without. Only anti-dsDNA achieved statistical significance between the two groups (P < ). Fourteen ( %) patients with LN and ( %) without it exhibited positive anti-Ro/SS-A, anti-Sm, and anti-nRNP, but without anti-La/SS B (P > ). We conclude that African-American SLE patients with LN do not exhibit a specific or distinctive autoantibody profile. However, our data confirm the value of anti-dsDNA in SLE patients with LN.	TRIM00 is a member of the tripartite motif family proteins and is one of the autoantigens which react with anti-SS-A antibody (Ab) present in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjogren's syndrome. Previous studies have shown that TRIM00 dysfunction promotes aberrant B-cell differentiation and Ab production in SLE, and anti-TRIM00 Ab may be related to the TRIM00 dysfunction in human SLE pathogenesis. Here, we examined the relationship between anti-TRIM00 Ab and clinical and immunological characteristics in SLE patients.Twenty-seven patients with SLE ( women and four men) before immunosuppressive therapies, who fulfilled the revised American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE, and four healthy controls ( women and one man) were enrolled in the study. SLE patients were divided into two groups according to the seropositivity for anti-TRIM00 Ab. Serum anti-TRIM00 Ab levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The serum levels of cytokines a...	We construct a stochastic model of real estate pricing. The method of the pricing construction is based on a sequential comparison of the supply prices. We proof that under standard assumptions imposed upon the comparison coefficients there exists an unique non-degenerated limit in distribution and this limit has the lognormal law of distribution. The accordance of empirical distributions of prices to thetheoretically obtained log-normal distribution we verify by numerous statistical data of real estate prices from Saint-Petersburg (Russia). For establishing this accordance we essentially apply the efficient and sensitive test of fit of Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Basing on "The Russian Federal Estimation Standard N0", we conclude that the most probable price, i.e. mode of distribution, is correctly and uniquely defined under the log-normal approximation. Since the mean value of log-normal distribution exceeds the mode - most probable value, it follows that the prices valued by the mathematica...
A laboratory prototype of an enzyme biosensor based on pHsensitive field-effect transistors has been developed to determine the total content of indole alkaloids in Rauwolfia serpentina Benth. Ex Kurz tissue culture. The biosensor was characterized by high sensitivity to th A laboratory prototype of an enzyme biosensor based on pHsensitive field effect transistors has been developed to determine the total content of indole alkaloids in Rauwolfia serpentina Benth. Ex Kurz tissue culture. The biosensor was characterized by high sensitivity to the total content of indole alkaloids (minimum limit of determination g/ml of the total content of indole alkaloids contained in the juice obtained from tissue culture of Rauwolfia serpentina). The linear range of biosensor determination of the analyte was from to g / ml of the total content of indole alkaloids. Analysis of indole alkaloids using a biosensor is simple and fast and does not require expensive equipment and special sample preparation f...	A procedure of separate biosensor analysis of the multicomponent sample with aflatoxins and pesticides has been developed and optimized. Biosensor determination of aflatoxins and pesticides was performed using enzyme inhibition analysis. For creation of bioselective element we used enzyme acetylcholinesterase which is co-immobilized with bovine serum albumin on the surface of potentiometric transducer by glutaraldehyde covalent crosslinking. As transducers were pH-sensitive field effect transistors. The concentration of acetylcholine chloride as a substrate for subsequent inhibition analysis was fit; optimal time of inhibition by toxins solution was determinate together with concentration of reactivator (pyridine- -aldoxymmethyliodyd) and time of enzyme reactivation after inhibition. A synergism between trichlorfon and aflatoxin B0 in inhibition of immobilized on a surface pH-sensitive field-effect transistors acetylcholinesterase was investigated. The proposed procedure allows selecti...	Objective: To observe the effect of modified Zhenwu decoction on blood glucose and blood lipid of experimental diabetic rats.Methods: Diabetic model rats randomly were divided into normal control group,diabetic modeling group,modified Zhenwu decoction group.Establish intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin diabetic animal models by,after eight weeks blood glucose and blood lipids were detrmined.Results: After the treatment by modified Zhenwu decoction,blood glucose,blood lipid and other indicators improved significantly.Conclusion: Modified Zhenwu decotion can improve the level of renal lower blood glucose and lipid in diabetic rats.
In two successive years ( and ), a set of commercial sugar beet cultivars was established in Randomized Complete Block experiments at two sites in central Greece. Cultivar combination was different between years, but not between sites. Leaf sampling took place once during the growing season and leaf area, LA [cm0], leaf midvein length, L [cm] and maximum leaf width, W [cm] were determined using an image analysis system. Leaf parameters were mainly affected by cultivars. Leaf dimensions and their squares (L0, W0) did not provide an accurate model for LA predictions. Using LW as an independent variable, a quadratic model (y = x0 - x + , r = , p< , n = ) provided the most accurate estimation of LA. With compromises in accuracy, the linear relationship between LW and LA (y = x + , r = , p< , n = ) could be used as a prediction model thanks to its simplicity.	The general increase in temperature, together with sudden episodes of extreme temperatures, are increasingly impacting plant species in the present climate change scenario. Limoniastrum monopetalum is a halophyte from the Mediterranean Basin, exposed to broad daily and seasonal changes in temperature and extreme high temperatures. We studied the photosynthetic responses (chlorophyll fluorescence dynamics and gas exchange) of L. monopetalum leaves exposed to temperatures from .0C to .0C under darkness in controlled laboratory conditions. L. monopetalum presented its optimum temperature for photosynthesis around +00C. The photosynthetic apparatus of L. monopetalum exhibited permanent damages at > .0C. L. monopetalum tolerated, without permanent damages, temperatures as low as .0C in darkness. L. monopetalum appears as a plant species very well adapted to the seasonality of the Mediterranean climate, which may work as a pre-adaptation to stand more extreme temperatures in the actual conte...	The article depicts direct and hidden (implicit and explicit) information giving in advertisement discourse, meaning advertising slogans. Having investigated this topic thoroughly, the author found out that cognitive types of presupposition and communicative implicatures played a great role in advertising slogans. There are definitions of phenomena "implicit" and "explicit" with examples. The cognitive types of presupposition (semantic and pragmatic) and their typology is discussed in the article. There is a possibility to figure out what strategy of communicative influence on human's cognition is. Some laws of neurolinguistic programming is also discussed.

Loss: TripletLoss with these parameters:

{
    "distance_metric": "TripletDistanceMetric.COSINE",
    "triplet_margin": 0.4
}

Evaluation Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

Size: 2,174 evaluation samples
Columns: anchor, positive, and negative

Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

	anchor	positive	negative
type	string	string	string
details	min: 83 tokens mean: 235.71 tokens max: 512 tokens	min: 82 tokens mean: 234.64 tokens max: 512 tokens	min: 86 tokens mean: 225.92 tokens max: 512 tokens

Samples:

anchor	positive	negative
In Organic Law / of 0rd October of the general arrangement of the educational system (LOGSE), the educational system includes the general regime education and the special regime education. Dance is included in the special regime as part of the artistic disciplines together with music, drama, the plastic arts and design. The aim of this article is to analyse the treatment given to Dance in the general regime. Thus, we will try to emphasize the inconsistency that exists between the areas of primary education, which will be obligatory and will have a global and integrated character, and the training of future teachers.	This work aims to analyze the treatment of health education in school textbooks during the period , and to compare it with the one that is conducted at present. It will attempt to verify how many current concepts and ideas were already present in those decades. In addition, the differences in the way of carrying out health education then and now will be outlined, especially those referred to pedagogic strategies and didactic materials. All this will be done from a double perspective: . The concept of health, hygiene and pedagogy of health education. . The program contents of health education in the didactic materials.	The vane-in-cup (VIC) geometry has been widely used for the rheological characterization of yield-stress fluids because it minimizes slip effects at the liquid/solid interface of the rotating geometry and reduces sample damage during the loading process. However, severe kinematic limitations arising from the spatial complexity of mixed shear and extensional flow have been identified for quantitative rheometrical measurements in complex fluids. Recently, vanes with fractal cross sections have been suggested as alternatives for accurate rheometry of elastoviscoplastic fluids. In this work, the steady fractal vane-in-cup (fVIC) flow of a Newtonian fluid and a nonthixotropic Carbopol®️ microgel as well as the unsteady flow of a thixotropic -Carrageenan gel are analyzed using rheo-particle image velocimetry (Rheo-PIV). We describe the velocity distributions in all cases and show that the fVIC produces an almost axisymmetric flow field and rotation rate-independent "effective radius" when us...
An ultrahigh vacuum three-axis cryogenic sample manipulator suitable for angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy experiments was developed. The sample manipulator is constructed by combining three modules with translation, polar rotation, and azimuthal-tilt rotation capabilities. Polar rotation and the azimuthal-tilt rotation are performed using a differentially pumped rotary stage and a sample goniometer, respectively. Continuous rotation around the polar axis is possible. The sample goniometer is capable of azimuthal rotation of up to and tilt rotation from to , measured from the plane normal to the polar axis. Nonmagnetic materials are used near the sample holder of the goniometer. The sample holder can be cooled using a continuous-flow cryostat. To serve as a radiation shield, the lower portion of the goniometer surrounding the sample holder is cooled separately by another cell filled with liquid nitrogen. With liquid nitrogen or liquid helium for the cryostat, the sample holder ...	In the soft x-ray region below keV, various electron yield (EY) techniques have been employed in x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements of bulk materials. The fluorescent x-ray yield (FY) is also utilized for samples of low concentration. Although FY becomes much smaller for lighter elements, it has several advantages compared with EY to measure XAFS spectra; for example, a higher signal-to-background ratio and applicability to insulating materials. However, it has been thought to be unsuitable for concentrated samples due to a self-absorption effect. In this report, the sampling depth and self-absorption effect for bulk concentrated samples are discussed concerning XAFS measurements in a few keV energy region. Some typical FY XAFS spectra of concentrated materials, including insulators, are presented.	To investigate the distribution characteristics of TCM syndromes and the related herbal prescriptions for malignant tumors (MT). A clinical database of the TCM syndromes and the herbal prescriptions in treatment of MT patients were established. The data were then analyzed using cluster and frequency analysis. According to the cluster analysis, the TCM syndromes in MT patients mainly included two patterns: deficiency of both Qi and Yin and internal accumulation of toxic heat. The commonly-prescribed herbs were Huangqi (Astraglus), Nuzhenzi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi), Lingzhi (Ganoderma Lucidum), Huaishan (Dioscorea Opposita), Xiakucao (Prunella Vulgaris), and Baihuasheshecao (Herba Hedyotidis). Deficiency of Qi and Yin is the primary syndrome of MT, and internal accumulation of toxic heat is the secondary syndrome. The herbs for Qi supplementation and Yin nourishment are mainly used, with the assistance of herbs for heat-clearance and detoxification.
Abstract Abstract Worldwide opposition to different aspects of globalisation indicates the emergence of a global social movement that typically targets the international bodies that regulate global trade and global finance, as well as the regulations themselves. The significance of the movement calls for a synthetic analysis that moves beyond the currently used fragmentary descriptions. A more profound conceptual framework will enable researchers to better understand the full dynamic of the movement within its global context In this article we explore the possibilities of applying David Korten's ideal-typical notion of fourth generation development to the anti-globalisation movement. We ask whether anti-globalisation organisation exhibits so-called Fourth Generation characteristics and activities. Our goal is to determine the extent to which the movement as a whole, and the individual organisations which constitute it, conform to the fourth generation development conceptual framework. ...	Abstract Globalisation is a complex, multi-faceted, phenomenon with widely contested meanings. While it has roots in the history of colonialism, capitalist development and imperialism, there are strong indications that what we are witnessing, since the 0000s, is a qualitative break with the past. Old boundaries, categories and meanings are being challenged in profound ways. New forms of exploitation and subjugation emerge in such a way that stark brutal force coexists with and may be increasingly supplanted by more subtle, pervasive forces of hegemonic rule. The latter, however, has opened up new terrains of struggle for people, movements, and governments opposed to one-dimensional 'corporate globalisation', seeking instead the globalisation of social and environmental justice. A continent like Africa much of which has sunk deeper into a 'fourth world' status of extreme under-development, social instability and neo-colonial dependence faces stark choices. Does it seek to partially or f...	So much has been written about the nation vis-a-vis other fields in the humanities, literature in particular. My interest in dance lies in its peculiar location within and vis-a-vis the discourse of the nation. An ephemeral form, dance has elicited various, and even contradictory, valuations; most of the time it is considered a mere form of entertainment. It is undeniable, though, that dance has articulated and informed our ideas of the nation and nationhood. In this paper, I explore how three contemporary dance companies based in Quezon City (The University of the Philippines Dance Company, Airdance, and Dance Forum) have rendered their imaginings of the Philippine nation. I focus on Philippine contemporary dance because as a cultural practice, I believe that it has choreographed the many trajectories and issues embodied in the Philippines's imagining of itself. A number of choreographies by the three companies mobilize motifs, forms, structures, and styles that constitute and signify...

Loss: TripletLoss with these parameters:

{
    "distance_metric": "TripletDistanceMetric.COSINE",
    "triplet_margin": 0.4
}

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

eval_strategy: steps
per_device_train_batch_size: 4
per_device_eval_batch_size: 32
learning_rate: 7e-06
weight_decay: 0.01
num_train_epochs: 1
warmup_ratio: 0.5
fp16: True
batch_sampler: no_duplicates

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

overwrite_output_dir: False
do_predict: False
eval_strategy: steps
prediction_loss_only: True
per_device_train_batch_size: 4
per_device_eval_batch_size: 32
per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
eval_accumulation_steps: None
torch_empty_cache_steps: None
learning_rate: 7e-06
weight_decay: 0.01
adam_beta1: 0.9
adam_beta2: 0.999
adam_epsilon: 1e-08
max_grad_norm: 1.0
num_train_epochs: 1
max_steps: -1
lr_scheduler_type: linear
lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
warmup_ratio: 0.5
warmup_steps: 0
log_level: passive
log_level_replica: warning
log_on_each_node: True
logging_nan_inf_filter: True
save_safetensors: True
save_on_each_node: False
save_only_model: False
restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
no_cuda: False
use_cpu: False
use_mps_device: False
seed: 42
data_seed: None
jit_mode_eval: False
use_ipex: False
bf16: False
fp16: True
fp16_opt_level: O1
half_precision_backend: auto
bf16_full_eval: False
fp16_full_eval: False
tf32: None
local_rank: 0
ddp_backend: None
tpu_num_cores: None
tpu_metrics_debug: False
debug: []
dataloader_drop_last: False
dataloader_num_workers: 0
dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
past_index: -1
disable_tqdm: False
remove_unused_columns: True
label_names: None
load_best_model_at_end: False
ignore_data_skip: False
fsdp: []
fsdp_min_num_params: 0
fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
deepspeed: None
label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
optim: adamw_torch
optim_args: None
adafactor: False
group_by_length: False
length_column_name: length
ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
dataloader_pin_memory: True
dataloader_persistent_workers: False
skip_memory_metrics: True
use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
push_to_hub: False
resume_from_checkpoint: None
hub_model_id: None
hub_strategy: every_save
hub_private_repo: None
hub_always_push: False
gradient_checkpointing: False
gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
include_inputs_for_metrics: False
include_for_metrics: []
eval_do_concat_batches: True
fp16_backend: auto
push_to_hub_model_id: None
push_to_hub_organization: None
mp_parameters:
auto_find_batch_size: False
full_determinism: False
torchdynamo: None
ray_scope: last
ddp_timeout: 1800
torch_compile: False
torch_compile_backend: None
torch_compile_mode: None
dispatch_batches: None
split_batches: None
include_tokens_per_second: False
include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
neftune_noise_alpha: None
optim_target_modules: None
batch_eval_metrics: False
eval_on_start: False
use_liger_kernel: False
eval_use_gather_object: False
average_tokens_across_devices: False
prompts: None
batch_sampler: no_duplicates
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	Training Loss	Validation Loss	discipline-tuned_specter_2_022_cosine_accuracy	discipline-tuned_specter_2_024_cosine_accuracy
0.0023	25	0.2976	0.2980	0.9518	-
0.0046	50	0.3008	0.2969	0.9518	-
0.0069	75	0.3088	0.2953	0.9524	-
0.0092	100	0.3047	0.2929	0.9530	-
0.0115	125	0.2879	0.2897	0.9530	-
0.0138	150	0.2705	0.2855	0.9532	-
0.0161	175	0.2771	0.2804	0.9536	-
0.0184	200	0.2737	0.2744	0.9548	-
0.0207	225	0.2737	0.2676	0.9553	-
0.0230	250	0.2569	0.2600	0.9557	-
0.0253	275	0.2518	0.2512	0.9579	-
0.0276	300	0.2445	0.2416	0.9580	-
0.0299	325	0.2214	0.2310	0.9591	-
0.0322	350	0.2359	0.2204	0.9606	-
0.0345	375	0.2072	0.2090	0.9615	-
0.0368	400	0.1907	0.1976	0.9618	-
0.0391	425	0.1881	0.1850	0.9624	-
0.0414	450	0.1842	0.1733	0.9637	-
0.0437	475	0.1618	0.1628	0.9646	-
0.0460	500	0.1638	0.1533	0.9645	-
0.0483	525	0.1569	0.1440	0.9648	-
0.0506	550	0.1473	0.1354	0.9657	-
0.0529	575	0.1333	0.1281	0.9671	-
0.0552	600	0.1481	0.1223	0.9671	-
0.0575	625	0.1263	0.1167	0.9675	-
0.0598	650	0.114	0.1120	0.9684	-
0.0621	675	0.1097	0.1081	0.9693	-
0.0644	700	0.1152	0.1044	0.9698	-
0.0667	725	0.1009	0.0999	0.9705	-
0.0690	750	0.0895	0.0961	0.9709	-
0.0713	775	0.0855	0.0934	0.9711	-
0.0736	800	0.0853	0.0912	0.9715	-
0.0759	825	0.0942	0.0885	0.9714	-
0.0782	850	0.1035	-	-	0.9710

Framework Versions

Python: 3.10.12
Sentence Transformers: 3.3.1
Transformers: 4.49.0.dev0
PyTorch: 2.5.1+cu121
Accelerate: 1.2.1
Datasets: 3.2.0
Tokenizers: 0.21.0

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

TripletLoss

@misc{hermans2017defense,
    title={In Defense of the Triplet Loss for Person Re-Identification},
    author={Alexander Hermans and Lucas Beyer and Bastian Leibe},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1703.07737},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CV}
}