DenseNet-121: Optimized for Mobile Deployment
Imagenet classifier and general purpose backbone
Densenet is a machine learning model that can classify images from the Imagenet dataset. It can also be used as a backbone in building more complex models for specific use cases.
This model is an implementation of DenseNet-121 found here.
This repository provides scripts to run DenseNet-121 on Qualcomm® devices. More details on model performance across various devices, can be found here.
Model Details
- Model Type: Model_use_case.image_classification
- Model Stats:
- Model checkpoint: Imagenet
- Input resolution: 224x224
- Number of parameters: 7.99M
- Model size (float): 30.5 MB
- Model size (w8a16): 8.72 MB
- Model size (w8a8): 8.30 MB
| Model | Precision | Device | Chipset | Target Runtime | Inference Time (ms) | Peak Memory Range (MB) | Primary Compute Unit | Target Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DenseNet-121 | float | QCS8275 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8275 (Proxy) | TFLITE | 8.219 ms | 0 - 40 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.tflite |
| DenseNet-121 | float | QCS8275 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8275 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 7.853 ms | 1 - 26 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | float | QCS8450 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8450 (Proxy) | TFLITE | 2.578 ms | 0 - 52 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.tflite |
| DenseNet-121 | float | QCS8450 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8450 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 3.165 ms | 1 - 42 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | float | QCS8550 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8550 (Proxy) | TFLITE | 1.916 ms | 0 - 113 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.tflite |
| DenseNet-121 | float | QCS8550 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8550 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 1.757 ms | 1 - 8 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | float | QCS8550 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8550 (Proxy) | ONNX | 1.806 ms | 0 - 40 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.onnx.zip |
| DenseNet-121 | float | QCS9075 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS9075 (Proxy) | TFLITE | 2.962 ms | 0 - 40 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.tflite |
| DenseNet-121 | float | QCS9075 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS9075 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 2.788 ms | 1 - 26 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | float | SA7255P ADP | Qualcomm® SA7255P | TFLITE | 8.219 ms | 0 - 40 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.tflite |
| DenseNet-121 | float | SA7255P ADP | Qualcomm® SA7255P | QNN_DLC | 7.853 ms | 1 - 26 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | float | SA8255 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8255P (Proxy) | TFLITE | 1.913 ms | 0 - 113 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.tflite |
| DenseNet-121 | float | SA8255 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8255P (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 1.755 ms | 1 - 8 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | float | SA8295P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8295P | TFLITE | 3.337 ms | 0 - 43 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.tflite |
| DenseNet-121 | float | SA8295P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8295P | QNN_DLC | 3.086 ms | 1 - 32 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | float | SA8650 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8650P (Proxy) | TFLITE | 1.916 ms | 0 - 113 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.tflite |
| DenseNet-121 | float | SA8650 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8650P (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 1.755 ms | 1 - 15 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | float | SA8775P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8775P | TFLITE | 2.962 ms | 0 - 40 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.tflite |
| DenseNet-121 | float | SA8775P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8775P | QNN_DLC | 2.788 ms | 1 - 26 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | float | Samsung Galaxy S24 | Snapdragon® 8 Gen 3 Mobile | TFLITE | 1.259 ms | 0 - 51 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.tflite |
| DenseNet-121 | float | Samsung Galaxy S24 | Snapdragon® 8 Gen 3 Mobile | QNN_DLC | 1.197 ms | 0 - 39 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | float | Samsung Galaxy S24 | Snapdragon® 8 Gen 3 Mobile | ONNX | 1.214 ms | 0 - 49 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.onnx.zip |
| DenseNet-121 | float | Samsung Galaxy S25 | Snapdragon® 8 Elite For Galaxy Mobile | TFLITE | 0.935 ms | 0 - 46 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.tflite |
| DenseNet-121 | float | Samsung Galaxy S25 | Snapdragon® 8 Elite For Galaxy Mobile | QNN_DLC | 0.858 ms | 1 - 33 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | float | Samsung Galaxy S25 | Snapdragon® 8 Elite For Galaxy Mobile | ONNX | 0.919 ms | 0 - 33 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.onnx.zip |
| DenseNet-121 | float | Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 8 Elite Gen5 Mobile | TFLITE | 0.795 ms | 0 - 45 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.tflite |
| DenseNet-121 | float | Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 8 Elite Gen5 Mobile | QNN_DLC | 0.706 ms | 0 - 28 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | float | Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 8 Elite Gen5 Mobile | ONNX | 0.861 ms | 1 - 29 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.onnx.zip |
| DenseNet-121 | float | Snapdragon X Elite CRD | Snapdragon® X Elite | QNN_DLC | 1.98 ms | 40 - 40 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | float | Snapdragon X Elite CRD | Snapdragon® X Elite | ONNX | 1.738 ms | 15 - 15 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.onnx.zip |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | QCS8450 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8450 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 4.753 ms | 0 - 46 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | QCS8550 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8550 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 2.914 ms | 0 - 13 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | QCS9075 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS9075 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 3.334 ms | 0 - 39 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | RB3 Gen 2 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS6490 (Proxy) | ONNX | 105.666 ms | 23 - 48 MB | CPU | DenseNet-121.onnx.zip |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | RB5 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8250 (Proxy) | ONNX | 89.513 ms | 19 - 35 MB | CPU | DenseNet-121.onnx.zip |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | SA8255 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8255P (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 2.93 ms | 0 - 14 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | SA8295P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8295P | QNN_DLC | 5.293 ms | 0 - 45 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | SA8650 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8650P (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 2.925 ms | 0 - 12 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | SA8775P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8775P | QNN_DLC | 3.334 ms | 0 - 39 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | Samsung Galaxy S24 | Snapdragon® 8 Gen 3 Mobile | QNN_DLC | 1.983 ms | 0 - 46 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | Samsung Galaxy S25 | Snapdragon® 8 Elite For Galaxy Mobile | QNN_DLC | 1.626 ms | 0 - 43 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | Samsung Galaxy S25 | Snapdragon® 8 Elite For Galaxy Mobile | ONNX | 76.456 ms | 19 - 198 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.onnx.zip |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | Snapdragon 7 Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 7 Gen 5 Mobile | ONNX | 103.173 ms | 23 - 47 MB | CPU | DenseNet-121.onnx.zip |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 8 Elite Gen5 Mobile | QNN_DLC | 1.132 ms | 0 - 43 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 8 Elite Gen5 Mobile | ONNX | 84.72 ms | 19 - 200 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.onnx.zip |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | Snapdragon X Elite CRD | Snapdragon® X Elite | QNN_DLC | 3.223 ms | 16 - 16 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a16 | Snapdragon X Elite CRD | Snapdragon® X Elite | ONNX | 135.276 ms | 58 - 58 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.onnx.zip |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8 | QCS8450 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8450 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 2.425 ms | 0 - 47 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8 | QCS8550 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8550 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 2.2 ms | 0 - 15 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8 | QCS9075 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS9075 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 2.556 ms | 0 - 36 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8 | SA8255 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8255P (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 2.197 ms | 0 - 17 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8 | SA8295P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8295P | QNN_DLC | 3.0 ms | 0 - 42 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8 | SA8650 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8650P (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 2.194 ms | 0 - 15 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8 | SA8775P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8775P | QNN_DLC | 2.556 ms | 0 - 36 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8 | Samsung Galaxy S24 | Snapdragon® 8 Gen 3 Mobile | QNN_DLC | 1.567 ms | 0 - 44 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8 | Samsung Galaxy S25 | Snapdragon® 8 Elite For Galaxy Mobile | QNN_DLC | 0.997 ms | 0 - 42 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8 | Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 8 Elite Gen5 Mobile | QNN_DLC | 0.774 ms | 0 - 45 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8 | Snapdragon X Elite CRD | Snapdragon® X Elite | QNN_DLC | 2.447 ms | 18 - 18 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8_mixed_int16 | QCS8275 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8275 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 6.296 ms | 0 - 38 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8_mixed_int16 | QCS8550 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8550 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 3.052 ms | 0 - 13 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8_mixed_int16 | QCS9075 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS9075 (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 3.431 ms | 0 - 38 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8_mixed_int16 | RB3 Gen 2 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS6490 (Proxy) | ONNX | 98.349 ms | 19 - 44 MB | CPU | DenseNet-121.onnx.zip |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8_mixed_int16 | RB5 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® QCS8250 (Proxy) | ONNX | 84.482 ms | 18 - 34 MB | CPU | DenseNet-121.onnx.zip |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8_mixed_int16 | SA7255P ADP | Qualcomm® SA7255P | QNN_DLC | 6.296 ms | 0 - 38 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8_mixed_int16 | SA8255 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8255P (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 3.058 ms | 0 - 14 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8_mixed_int16 | SA8650 (Proxy) | Qualcomm® SA8650P (Proxy) | QNN_DLC | 3.028 ms | 0 - 13 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8_mixed_int16 | SA8775P ADP | Qualcomm® SA8775P | QNN_DLC | 3.431 ms | 0 - 38 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8_mixed_int16 | Samsung Galaxy S24 | Snapdragon® 8 Gen 3 Mobile | QNN_DLC | 2.061 ms | 0 - 49 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8_mixed_int16 | Samsung Galaxy S25 | Snapdragon® 8 Elite For Galaxy Mobile | QNN_DLC | 1.431 ms | 0 - 42 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8_mixed_int16 | Samsung Galaxy S25 | Snapdragon® 8 Elite For Galaxy Mobile | ONNX | 82.682 ms | 39 - 221 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.onnx.zip |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8_mixed_int16 | Snapdragon 7 Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 7 Gen 5 Mobile | ONNX | 96.518 ms | 20 - 42 MB | CPU | DenseNet-121.onnx.zip |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8_mixed_int16 | Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 8 Elite Gen5 Mobile | QNN_DLC | 1.143 ms | 0 - 48 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8_mixed_int16 | Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 QRD | Snapdragon® 8 Elite Gen5 Mobile | ONNX | 91.693 ms | 38 - 221 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.onnx.zip |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8_mixed_int16 | Snapdragon X Elite CRD | Snapdragon® X Elite | QNN_DLC | 3.336 ms | 22 - 22 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.dlc |
| DenseNet-121 | w8a8_mixed_int16 | Snapdragon X Elite CRD | Snapdragon® X Elite | ONNX | 146.621 ms | 50 - 50 MB | NPU | DenseNet-121.onnx.zip |
Installation
Install the package via pip:
pip install qai-hub-models
Configure Qualcomm® AI Hub to run this model on a cloud-hosted device
Sign-in to Qualcomm® AI Hub with your
Qualcomm® ID. Once signed in navigate to Account -> Settings -> API Token.
With this API token, you can configure your client to run models on the cloud hosted devices.
qai-hub configure --api_token API_TOKEN
Navigate to docs for more information.
Demo off target
The package contains a simple end-to-end demo that downloads pre-trained weights and runs this model on a sample input.
python -m qai_hub_models.models.densenet121.demo
The above demo runs a reference implementation of pre-processing, model inference, and post processing.
NOTE: If you want running in a Jupyter Notebook or Google Colab like environment, please add the following to your cell (instead of the above).
%run -m qai_hub_models.models.densenet121.demo
Run model on a cloud-hosted device
In addition to the demo, you can also run the model on a cloud-hosted Qualcomm® device. This script does the following:
- Performance check on-device on a cloud-hosted device
- Downloads compiled assets that can be deployed on-device for Android.
- Accuracy check between PyTorch and on-device outputs.
python -m qai_hub_models.models.densenet121.export
How does this work?
This export script leverages Qualcomm® AI Hub to optimize, validate, and deploy this model on-device. Lets go through each step below in detail:
Step 1: Compile model for on-device deployment
To compile a PyTorch model for on-device deployment, we first trace the model
in memory using the jit.trace and then call the submit_compile_job API.
import torch
import qai_hub as hub
from qai_hub_models.models.densenet121 import Model
# Load the model
torch_model = Model.from_pretrained()
# Device
device = hub.Device("Samsung Galaxy S25")
# Trace model
input_shape = torch_model.get_input_spec()
sample_inputs = torch_model.sample_inputs()
pt_model = torch.jit.trace(torch_model, [torch.tensor(data[0]) for _, data in sample_inputs.items()])
# Compile model on a specific device
compile_job = hub.submit_compile_job(
model=pt_model,
device=device,
input_specs=torch_model.get_input_spec(),
)
# Get target model to run on-device
target_model = compile_job.get_target_model()
Step 2: Performance profiling on cloud-hosted device
After compiling models from step 1. Models can be profiled model on-device using the
target_model. Note that this scripts runs the model on a device automatically
provisioned in the cloud. Once the job is submitted, you can navigate to a
provided job URL to view a variety of on-device performance metrics.
profile_job = hub.submit_profile_job(
model=target_model,
device=device,
)
Step 3: Verify on-device accuracy
To verify the accuracy of the model on-device, you can run on-device inference on sample input data on the same cloud hosted device.
input_data = torch_model.sample_inputs()
inference_job = hub.submit_inference_job(
model=target_model,
device=device,
inputs=input_data,
)
on_device_output = inference_job.download_output_data()
With the output of the model, you can compute like PSNR, relative errors or spot check the output with expected output.
Note: This on-device profiling and inference requires access to Qualcomm® AI Hub. Sign up for access.
Run demo on a cloud-hosted device
You can also run the demo on-device.
python -m qai_hub_models.models.densenet121.demo --eval-mode on-device
NOTE: If you want running in a Jupyter Notebook or Google Colab like environment, please add the following to your cell (instead of the above).
%run -m qai_hub_models.models.densenet121.demo -- --eval-mode on-device
Deploying compiled model to Android
The models can be deployed using multiple runtimes:
TensorFlow Lite (
.tfliteexport): This tutorial provides a guide to deploy the .tflite model in an Android application.QNN (
.soexport ): This sample app provides instructions on how to use the.soshared library in an Android application.
View on Qualcomm® AI Hub
Get more details on DenseNet-121's performance across various devices here. Explore all available models on Qualcomm® AI Hub
License
- The license for the original implementation of DenseNet-121 can be found here.
- The license for the compiled assets for on-device deployment can be found here
References
Community
- Join our AI Hub Slack community to collaborate, post questions and learn more about on-device AI.
- For questions or feedback please reach out to us.
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