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Absolute Pitch Trainer 1.6
Old versionsSee all
Absolute Pitch Trainer is software that is designed specifically to help users develop the skill of Absolute Pitch, also know as Perfect Pitch. No matter what you call it, Absolute Pitch or Perfect Pitch, the ability to recognise notes by ear is fundamental to all musicians, just as learning the alphabet is fundamental to anyone who reads and writes.
Absolute Pitch is essentially a mapping between the sound you hear in your mind, and the corresponding note on the instrument. All great composers had Absolute Pitch, including Mozart, Tchaikovsky, and Beethoven. Contrary to popular belief, Absolute Pitch is not a talent that a person is born with. It can be developed over time if done with the right methodology. Absolute Pitch Trainer embodies that methodology. Absolute Pitch Trainer software uses a specialized algorithm which gradually builds your Absolute Pitch skill level to 100%. Users start out with learning one note, which is played an equal amount of times across all octaves of the piano keyboard. The software constantly gauges your progress, and adds a second note when you are ready for it. This process gradually continues until the entire 12 notes of the chromatic scale are added, and being played across all octaves of the piano. Or, you can tell the software how many notes to play.
Studies have shown that colour tone can be used as a mnemonic device to memorize musical tone. Absolute Pitch Trainer has a feature called colour hint, which when enabled, displays respective colours for each note played.
You can interface with Absolute Pitch Trainer by using the built in virtual keyboard by pointing and clicking on the right note with your mouse. Alternatively, you can also use your MIDI keyboard by plugging it into your computer via the USB port. Pressing the keys on your MIDI keyboard will register with the software, just the same as if you were using the built in virtual keyboard.
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The New York Times, always a good source of articles about education, today includes an article which is particularly noteworthy to GCP readers. “Learning To Play the Game to Get into College”, found here, chronicles Boston high school senior Nathaly Lopera’s impressive efforts to get extra help with school and the college prep process. Among the resources she finds and uses is a free program called “Let’s Get Ready”, which helps students fill out college applications, write essays, practice interviews and prepare for the SAT. This is a moving story of how drive and tenacity can make so much difference in a student’s academic journey.
While this is an inspirational article for all readers, it raises several issues which GCP parents should especially focus upon with respect to our sons:
1) The Importance of Asking for Help: A key component of Nathaly Lopera’s success thus far is her willingness to recognize when she needs help and to ask for it. We cannot emphasize this enough for our boys. Some students tend to feel that asking for help is a sign of weakness, and are hesitant to let their teachers know that they aren’t understanding the material. Ms. Lopera, who is generally excelling in school, routinely seeks help with academic and social issues from the teachers and counselors there. It is our responsibility as parents to help our sons understand that asking for help is a sign of strength, and remind them that getting help to conquer difficult material builds life skills that have value far beyond any classroom. More on this in issue 3 below.
2) Grades Aren’t the Only Things That Matter: According to the article, Nathaly is getting a college recommendation from a teacher who gave her a C in a math class, because that teacher will talk about the incredible work ethic Nathaly demonstrated after doing poorly in several units in the class. The teacher explained “You know, I didn’t care about the final grade…Nathaly showed me a work ethic that will make her successful in college and life, that’s what matters.” We have high expectations that our sons will get good grades, and we naturally focus on whether they are doing so. But along the way we also have to help them understand that grades, be they very good ones, or terrible ones, are not the sole means of measuring their progress and worth as students and human beings. Emphasizing that they put forth their best efforts (their input), rather than focusing exclusively on their grades (the outcome), gives them tools to face challenges in and outside of the classroom.
3) Factor in The “Boy” Factor: The article includes a sobering statistic about the “Let’s Get Ready” college prep program: More than 70% of the programs’ students are girls. Not surprising, when you consider that boys, especially boys of color, are becoming an endangered species on college campuses across the nation. For whatever reasons, boys generally tend not to be as focused on and willing to pursue academic help as girls can be. (You may call this a gross generalization if you’d like, but parents who have both boys and girls know there to be truth to this.) But it doesn’t have to be this way. Rather than shake our heads and wonder “What’s wrong with that boy?” when our sons don’t independently seek the help they need, let’s take the extra time and energy to direct them towards ways to find it. Coddle them? Do the work for them? Absolutely not. But we should not shy away from acknowledging that they need all the help they can get from us, as well as from their schools, and focus on giving it to them. We’ve got to do all we can to make sure our boys are learning to play the game to succeed in school and in life.
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Student resources are interactive activities collected from around the Web. They can be used to support related lesson plans or as standalone activities in the classroom. Browse our library of student resources by grade level or subject area below.
Students should fill in yes or no in the boxes beneath each of the teachings to indicate whether it is a component of that teaching. In the final box they should fill in a line of from one of the poems which exemplifies this idea wherever it is possible to find an example.
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland: Nonsense Poetry and Whimsy
Instructions: For Investigating Genre in the Visual Arts
Roll over the image to explore the areas of the painting, clicking to bring up the descriptive pop-ups. Make notes in the pop-up's tabs to prepare you for the follow-on multiple-choice questions (under "Test Your Knowledge"), and answer the essay questions on the pop-up tabs. After completing these tasks, follow the instructions for printing out your answers and notes, and you can also print the image istself.
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Storytelling is a powerful tool for communicating a message. How can you leverage this power in your teaching? Whose stories are shared — yours? Students’? In this workshop, we’ll look at examples of how and where storytelling can be most impactful in a course and we’ll explore some tools for sharing stories with students.
Below, you will find the slides (with links) that we used in the workshop.
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Dental Prosthetics are treatments commonly used to replace lost teeth or molars, to improve the mastication process, speech and aesthetics. Odontologists and stomatologists are the suitable professionals to prescribe and fit dental prosthetics.
The following are the different kinds of Dental Prosthesis:
- Fixed Prosthesis
- Complete Prosthesis
- Removable Prosthesis
- Mixed Prosthesis
Hygiene Care for the Dental Prosthesis
Rinsing of the mouth and Dental Prosthetics must take place after each meal and especially before going to bed. Natural teeth or fixed elements of the Prosthesis should be brushed with toothpaste and a suitable toothbrush.
Dental floss may be used between the crowns (caps), ridges and gums. If there are big spaces between the teeth, interdental brushes may be used. You can finally use a handpiece, either with or without mouthwash. The removable part of the prosthesis should be rinsed out of the mouth, at least once a day, using a prosthesis rush or a nailbrush and neutral soap. Rinse with water and keep during the night in a glass of water, where you can also put cleaning disinfecting tablets, available in pharmacies.
Taking care of the Prosthesis
During the first few days, it is recommended to close your mouth and chew carefully, to avoid either biting the tongue or cheeks, or overburdening the gums or sore teeth.
Chew soft and non-sticky foods, gradually increasing food consistency. Mouthwashes and ointments, or soothing and healing gels may be used to treat bitings.
In case you feel pain or any wound does appear in your mouth, go to the dentist, and your prosthesis will be adjusted, and, if necessary, your doctor will prescribe you the right medication.
Complete prosthesis may move around in your mouth when you speak or eat during the first few days after the procedure is done. You will have to learn to chew on both sides of your mouth at the same time, to stabilize your teeth.
There are products (creams and powders) that help retention and adaptation of prosthesis, but you should proceed with careful dental evaluation before starting to use them.
You should visit your dentist every six months for the revision of your dental prosthesis, and to check if there is “tooth wear”, to correct misadjustments that may have appeared and, in general, to make the necessary adaptations to the normal variations that may have happened in your mouth along that time.
Dental Fixed Prosthesis is a treatment to replace natural worn or lost teeth with customized teeth. The following options are available:
- Caps or individual crowns that restore the damaged or lost part of the tooth.
- Bridges that replace lost or absent pieces, fixed with crowns to the adjacent teeth.
It is necessary, in both cases, to process and grind the capped teeth.
Fixed prosthesis are more comfortable, more easily tolerated and present less inconveniences than removable prosthesis, though they are usually more expensive, and need to be more frequently checked by the dentist.
Over time, the natural atrophy of the maxillary bone or gums withdrawal usually shows the “joint” or union between the tooth and the cap. This usually has an unpleasant aesthetic effect, so that you will ask for replacement. At first, artificial teeth seem to be very big and to press the adjacent ones, but this feeling disappears over time. Your tongue or cheecks may also be bitten, or it could even happen that you find difficult to pronounce some sounds or syllables. You will find out how to avoid it over time. If your prosthesis was provisionally cemented and it is detached from your mouth, wash it, keep it, and visit your dentist immediately.
The complete prosthesis is a treatment aimed to those patients who have lost all of their natural teeth, using oral appliances that artificially replace them. They are useful to improve mastication and also to enhance speaking and aesthetical appearance of the patient.
The main disadvantage of this kind of prosthesis is its movility, specially regarding the lower piece, which can easily suffer displacements because of the movement of the tongue.
The teeth of the upper prosthesis, though it usually has a better fixation to the maxillar, may be covered by the upper lip.
Over time, the maxillar bones (where the prosthesis is fixed) are reabsorbed. In this way, the prosthesis may loose fixation, causing discomfort or ulcerations that require a visit to your dentist, so that he/she can correct its adjustment.
Dental removable prosthesis is a treatment to replace lost teeth, using some appliances that may and should be extracted from the patient’s mouth to rinse them. This appliance is fixed to adjacent teeth with some retainers or clasps. They normally lay on the alveolar mucosa, so that a light swing may be felt when eating. Therefore, the effect of mastication is less effective than with natural teeth. Over time, the remaining teeth suffer a displacement and maxillar bones suffer a change, so that appliances may need a further adjustment, causing discomfort or ulcerations that require a visit to your dentist. In this way, he/she will correct its adjustment. Metallic or plastic elements may also suffer splits, due to the elastic fatigue. If it occurs, these elements will have to be immediately repaired by your dentist.
You will feel that the denture feels strange in your mouth when you first begin to wear it, and you will also produce more saliva than normal. Your may also have difficult chewing, speaking or saying certain words. As the patient gets used to his/her prosthesis, this discomphort typically fades.
Mixed Dental Prosthesis is a treatment to replace lost teeth, which uses two kind of elements that work together as a whole. This is a unique prosthesis.
- A fixed element, made with caps or bridges that can’t be removed of the mouth.
- A removable element that consists of a removable appliance that may and should be removed from the mouth, to be rinsed.
Since this kind of prosthesis is mixed, you will be required to apply both the limitations and cares from both, the Fixed and Removable Prosthesis. Therefore, it will require a more accurate hygiene and a more frequent checking by the dentist
Overdenture is a treatment to replace lost teeeth with oral appliances that hold artificial teeth, covering some fixed elements, anchored to natural teeth, or rest of roots, where the retention elements are settled. They enhance the fixing of complete prosthesis, helping the patient to feel more self-confident when chewing or speaking.
The fixed element, setteld on the roots, is highly sensitive, so that an accurate hygiene is required, not being suitable to chew extremely hard foods.
Roots or endodontics can sometimes suffer breakages. In this case, they should be removed.
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Major Side Effects of Antibiotics: What should you be aware of.
Antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed medicine in today's world. It revolutionized the world of medicine since its introduction in 1950s. Severe illness, such as tuberculosis and pneumonia, are now successfully treated and many lives are saved.
Unfortunately, like any other drugs, antibiotics has the potential to cause some nasty side-effects that can deteriorate your health instead of improving. Therefore, you need to be aware of the major side-effects of antibiotics so that you can take proper action before it claims your health.
What side effects have you suffered after taking antibiotics?See results without voting
Video on Side-effects of Antibiotics
Some of the major side effects of antibiotics:
Upset Gastrointestinal system: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomachache and stomach irritation are some of the most common side effects of antibiotics. These are caused by the disruption of the natural bacterial balance of good and bad bacteria in our gut. Statistics suggest that at least 20% of patients who are taking antibiotics will develop diarrhea as a side effect. You always need to notify the doctor if you suffer from nausea and vomiting after taking antibiotics so that they can prescribe alternative medicine or you might also need to take anti nausea medication such as Maxalon or Ondansetron and anti-diarrhoeal medication such as Gastrostop along with antibiotics. Always consult your doctor before taking any medication.
Fungal Infections: Fungal infections or thrush in the mouth, throat and vagina are another commonly complained side effects of antibiotics. Women are mainly found to be suffering from these side-effects. Thrush causes itchiness and pain in skin and mouth, and also leads to unwanted vaginal discharge. It is caused by the overgrowth of fungus called candida albicans, a natural fungus in our body. Taking antibiotics upsets the normal balance of candida in our body and leads to unnecessary growth causing thrush. You might have to use anti fungal cream such as canestan to get some relief.
Allergic reaction: It happens when body overreacts to the foreign object introduced to the body. Let your doctor know if you are allergic to any antibiotics before they prescribe antibiotics for you. The most common sign of allergic reaction is rash in your body, but other symptoms may also follow such as wheezing, swelling of the tissues and difficulty breathing. Always notify your doctor if you notice such symptoms.
The most rare but most dangerous side effect of antibiotics is anaphylactic or severe and rapid allergic reaction. Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic reaction includes swelling of the skin, tongues, throat; itchy rash; itchiness in eyes, skin; runny nose; nasal congestion; difficulty breathing; chest tightness; dizziness; weakness followed by nausea, vomiting and diarrhea; confusion—it is a medical emergency, you need to call the emergency medical number or go to the hospital immediately.
Any one who has known allergy or who had some allergic reaction before has more chance of getting this side-effect.
Remember that anaphylactic reaction can occur even after taking second or third dose of antibiotics. So be really cautious when you take antibiotics.
To avoid getting resistant to antibiotics
- Don't take antibiotics to treat viral illness such as cold or flu.
- Always wash your hands properly with soap and water after handling any meat items and after using toilets.
- Always take your antibiotics at the right time and finish your antibiotics course to avoid the increase in resistance to antibiotics.
- Wear condoms while doing sex to avoid the getting infections such as UTI or gonorrohea.
Another growing problem that many people are suffering related to antibiotic is getting resistant to antibiotics. According to world health organization it is one of the major hazard to human health today. It is becoming major problem recently and damage caused by it to lives is reaching to the alarming level.
Antibiotics resistant means some particular antibiotics that was working for you before to kill bacteria in your body is not able to kill germs in your body anymore as those bacterias have become resistant to the antibiotics prescribed to you. It might happen due to taking antibiotics unnecessarily more often or because not finishing the course of antibiotics prescribed to you. In this case doctors might have to try other antibiotics that your body is not resistant to, but sometimes because of taking too many antibiotics, your body may already have become resistant to most of the available antibiotics; thanks to over-prescription and overuse of antibiotics.
Many patients in hospitals in many developed and developing countries are dying due to hospital acquired infections such as MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci) that are developed due to resistance to antibiotics.
When shouldn't You be Taking Antibiotics
Antibiotics basically kills bacterial infection; not viral illness. It is very crucial to know this difference because taking antibiotics unnecessarily during viral illness, such as when you have cold or flu, has increased the cases of antibiotics resistance immensely among patients.
Example of Bacterial infection and Viral Illness
Bacterial infection examples
Viral illness examples
Urinary tract infections, ear infection, sinus infections.
Common cold: flu, runny nose, sore throat, coughing, sneezing, headache.
Strep throats, cellulitis.
Influenza: fever, chills, headache, dry cough, body aches.
Acute bronchitis: cough and fever.
Wound and skin infections.
Pharyngitis or sore throat and viral gastroenteritis.
- Remember that antibiotics can lead to the overgrowth of candida and causes other imbalance in our gut that gradually makes our immune system weak.
- Long term use of antibiotics can suppress our immune system.
Before you take any antibiotics, always ask your doctor following questions
NSW health recommends that you should always ask questions mentioned below to your doctor before you take any antibiotics:
- Why do I need antibiotics?
- Is there any alternative?
- What are the potential side effects that I should be aware of?
- Does it interacts with any of the drugs I am taking?
- How many days or months should I be taking them?
- Should I take them with or away from food?
- What should I do if I have side effects?
- How can I avoid side effects?
Also, always make sure that you let your doctor know if you are taking any other medicine as antibiotics you are prescribed may interact and cause unnecessary sideeffects to your health.
To avoid getting infection unnecessarily
- Always wash your hands properly with soap and running water after using toilet and after handling foods, especially meats.
- Women should wash their genital area properly to avoid getting UTI.
- Don't stop taking prescribed antibiotics just because you are starting to feel better. Remember to complete the course of antibiotics that has been prescribed to you.
- Keep your home clean.
- Germ Proof Your Kids: the Complete Guide to Protecting (without Overprotecting) Your Family from Infections by Harely A Robart.
- Patient information: Allergy to penicillin and related antibiotics (Beyond the Basics)
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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a significant public health concern affecting millions of people across the globe. In the United States alone, nearly 37 million Americans suffer from kidney disease, while millions of others are at risk (National Kidney Foundation, 2020). The condition is often insidious, progressing silently over years, and in many cases, patients are unaware of their deteriorating kidney function until it’s too late. While a cure for CKD is yet to be found, numerous strategies can be employed to slow its progression and minimize further damage to the kidneys. This comprehensive article aims to provide a detailed understanding of CKD, including its causes, stages, and symptoms, and offers evidence-based guidelines for prevention and care.
What is Chronic Kidney Disease?
The kidneys are vital organs that serve multiple roles, from filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood to regulating essential functions such as blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and red blood cell production. Chronic Kidney Disease is characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function over time. This loss of function leads to the accumulation of waste products, electrolyte imbalances, and other complications that can ultimately result in severe illness or death if not adequately managed (Levey et al., 2019).
Stages of CKD
CKD is usually divided into five stages based on the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), a measure of how well the kidneys are filtering wastes from the blood:
- Stage 1: GFR > 90 mL/min – Normal kidney function but early signs of possible kidney disease
- Stage 2: GFR 60-89 mL/min – Mild decline in kidney function
- Stage 3: GFR 30-59 mL/min – Moderate decline in kidney function
- Stage 4: GFR 15-29 mL/min – Severe decline in kidney function
- Stage 5: GFR < 15 mL/min – Kidney failure or end-stage renal disease, requiring dialysis or transplantation
Each stage has its own set of challenges, symptoms, and required interventions, making early diagnosis crucial for effective management (Levey et al., 2019).
Understanding the risk factors for CKD can aid in prevention and early diagnosis. Some common risk factors include:
- Diabetes: A leading cause of CKD, poorly controlled diabetes can result in damage to the small blood vessels in the kidneys.
- High Blood Pressure: Elevated blood pressure strains the kidneys over time, compromising their function.
- Family History: Those with a family history of kidney disease are at increased risk.
- Age: The risk of CKD increases significantly in individuals over 60 years old.
- Ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, such as African American, Hispanic, and Native American populations, are at higher risk for CKD (National Kidney Foundation, 2020).
Preventing Further Damage to Kidneys
Diet and Nutrition
- Low Sodium Diet: A diet low in sodium can help control blood pressure, one of the key factors in slowing CKD progression. The American Heart Association recommends limiting sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg per day, aiming for an ideal limit of 1,500 mg for most adults (American Heart Association, 2020).
- Low Protein Diet: Excessive protein intake can exacerbate the kidneys’ workload, leading to faster deterioration. A balanced, low-protein diet can be helpful in managing CKD, but it should only be initiated under professional guidance (Mitch et al., 2019).
- Potassium and Phosphorus Control: A balanced intake of potassium and phosphorus is crucial. High levels can lead to heart problems and bone disease, respectively. Foods like bananas, oranges, and potatoes are high in potassium, while dairy products are high in phosphorus and should be consumed in moderation (Noori et al., 2010).
- Physical Exercise: Regular, moderate exercise helps control blood pressure and blood sugar levels, both crucial for kidney health. The American Heart Association recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week (Smart et al., 2013).
- Smoking Cessation: Smoking is associated with the progression of kidney disease and other complications like cardiovascular disease. Quitting smoking can significantly slow down CKD progression (Orth et al., 1998).
- Limit Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol intake is not only bad for the liver but can also contribute to high blood pressure and kidney damage (Rehm et al., 2017).
Managing medication is critical in CKD to prevent further kidney damage:
- Anti-Hypertensive Drugs: ACE inhibitors or ARBs are often recommended to control high blood pressure, one of the key contributors to kidney damage (Klag et al., 1996).
- Diabetes Management: Controlling blood sugar levels through medication like insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents can delay the progression of CKD (Reutens, 2020).
- Avoid NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen can damage the kidneys and should be avoided unless absolutely necessary and prescribed by a healthcare provider (Ruffenach et al., 2015).
Better Care for CKD
Routine check-ups, including blood tests and urine tests, are essential for monitoring kidney function, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels. Frequent visits to healthcare providers for adjusting medications and assessing symptoms can go a long way in managing CKD effectively.
Patient Education and Psychological Support
Educating patients about the implications of CKD, the importance of medication adherence, and lifestyle modifications can empower them to take control of their health. Psychological support through counseling and support groups can help patients cope with the emotional burden of the disease (Papaloucas et al., 2014).
Advanced Care: Dialysis and Transplantation
In advanced stages of CKD, when the GFR drops significantly, dialysis or kidney transplantation may become necessary. Dialysis artificially filters waste products and excess fluids from the blood, while transplantation replaces the failed kidneys with a healthy one from a donor (Tonelli et al., 2012).
An appropriate diet plays a crucial role in managing CKD and slowing its progression. Foods rich in antioxidants like berries, vegetables such as cauliflower and cabbage, and fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids like salmon are considered beneficial. Consulting a registered dietitian specializing in kidney disease can provide personalized advice tailored to individual needs (Kalantar-Zadeh et al., 2010).
Blood Pressure Management
Blood pressure management is critical, as hypertension can speed up the progression of CKD. A multi-faceted approach, including diet, exercise, and medication, is often needed for effective control. Patients may need to monitor their blood pressure at home regularly and may require multiple medications for adequate control (Wright et al., 2002).
While it’s essential to stay hydrated, too much fluid intake can be problematic for people with CKD. Excessive fluids can lead to swelling, high blood pressure, and further stress on the kidneys. The appropriate amount of fluid intake varies from person to person and should be discussed with a healthcare provider (Wang et al., 2011).
Complications and Comorbidities
CKD is often associated with other health problems, such as cardiovascular disease, anemia, and bone disorders. It’s essential to manage these conditions to improve the prognosis of CKD:
- Cardiovascular Disease: The risk of heart disease is significantly increased in CKD patients. Lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgical interventions are necessary for management (Schiffrin et al., 2007).
- Anemia: Reduced kidney function leads to fewer red blood cells, causing anemia. Iron supplements and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents are often prescribed (Babitt & Lin, 2012).
- Bone Disorders: CKD can lead to abnormal calcium and phosphate metabolism, resulting in bone diseases. Phosphate binders and vitamin D supplements are commonly used treatments (Ketteler et al., 2018).
Research is ongoing for new treatments for CKD, including the use of stem cells, novel medications, and even artificial kidneys. While many of these are still in the experimental phase, they offer hope for more effective future treatments (Jha et al., 2017).
The Importance of a Multidisciplinary Approach
CKD management is not just the responsibility of a nephrologist but requires a comprehensive healthcare team. This may include primary care physicians, dietitians, pharmacists, physical therapists, and even social workers to manage the multifaceted issues related to CKD (Curtis et al., 2016).
Psychological Support and Quality of Life
Chronic kidney disease can take a psychological toll on patients, affecting their mental well-being and overall quality of life. Stress, anxiety, and depression are common among CKD patients due to the uncertainties associated with the disease’s progression and potential outcomes like dialysis or transplantation (Cukor et al., 2007). Various psychosocial interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness training, have shown promise in improving the mental well-being of CKD patients. Support from family and friends, along with professional mental health services, can play a crucial role in enhancing quality of life (Palmer et al., 2012).
Managing chronic kidney disease in children presents a unique set of challenges, including growth retardation, developmental issues, and educational difficulties. Coordinated care involving pediatric nephrologists, dietitians, educational therapists, and social workers is crucial for managing these challenges effectively. Kidney transplantation, when possible, remains the most effective treatment for improving growth and neurocognitive outcomes in children with CKD (Ingelfinger & Kalantar-Zadeh, 2016).
Pregnancy and CKD
Pregnancy in women with CKD is considered high-risk and requires close monitoring for maternal and fetal well-being. Prenatal care, including frequent blood pressure monitoring, renal function assessment, and fetal ultrasounds, is essential for managing such pregnancies successfully. Pregnant women with CKD often require specialized obstetric care and may need to be managed in tertiary care centers specializing in high-risk pregnancies (Piccoli et al., 2017).
While mainstream medical interventions are the cornerstone for CKD management, some patients also explore alternative therapies like herbal medicine and acupuncture. Though evidence supporting these therapies’ effectiveness is scant, some studies suggest potential benefits in symptom management (Lin et al., 2015). However, patients should consult healthcare providers before starting any alternative treatments, as some could interact negatively with conventional medications or worsen kidney function.
Importance of Public Awareness and Education
Given the silent nature of CKD, public awareness programs aimed at early detection and prevention are crucial. Community screening programs, particularly among high-risk groups, and educational initiatives on healthy lifestyle choices can go a long way in reducing CKD prevalence and its associated healthcare burden (Martinez-Ramirez et al., 2018).
Future Directions in CKD Research
As our understanding of CKD grows, several areas require further investigation:
- Genetic Predispositions: Understanding the genetic factors contributing to CKD could offer insights into disease prevention and tailored treatments (Böger & Heid, 2011).
- Telemedicine: With the rise in telehealth, especially magnified by the COVID-19 pandemic, remote monitoring and consultation can play a significant role in CKD management (Narasimha et al., 2020).
- Artificial Intelligence: Machine learning algorithms have the potential to analyze large datasets, predicting disease progression and outcomes more accurately, thus allowing timely interventions (Kumar et al., 2020).
Chronic Kidney Disease remains a global health issue, affecting people from all walks of life. While there is no cure, a multi-faceted approach that includes lifestyle modifications, medical treatments, and emotional support can go a long way in improving the lives of those with CKD. Advances in research offer hope for more effective therapies in the future. Early detection and proactive management remain crucial for slowing the disease’s progression and offering patients a better quality of life.
- Cukor, D., et al. (2007). Psychosocial Aspects of Chronic Kidney Disease. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69(5), 461–467.
- Palmer, S., et al. (2012). Improving patient outcomes through the integration of complementary services: The role of psychosocial services in nephrology. Seminars in Dialysis, 25(6), 660–665.
- Ingelfinger, J. R., & Kalantar-Zadeh, K. (2016). Pediatric CKD and the Process of Care. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 11(3), 539–541.
- Piccoli, G. B., et al. (2017). Pregnancy in chronic kidney disease: Need for a common language. Journal of Nephrology, 30(3), 307–315.
- Lin, M. Y., et al. (2015). Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 65(6), 942–953.
- Martinez-Ramirez, H. R., et al. (2018). Community Health Workers Interventions for People with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease. International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease, 11, 283–292.
- Böger, C. A., & Heid, I. M. (2011). Chronic kidney disease: novel insights from genome-wide association studies. Kidney and Blood Pressure Research, 34(4), 225–234.
- Narasimha, S., et al. (2020). Telehealth Utilization in Response to the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Journal of Nephrology, 10(4), 523–529.
- Kumar, S., et al. (2020). Machine learning algorithms in chronic kidney disease prediction. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 16(12), 704–716.
- National Kidney Foundation. (2020). The Facts About Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
- Levey, A. S., et al. (2019). Definition and Classification of Chronic Kidney Disease. The Lancet, 6736(19), 1–11.
- American Heart Association. (2020). Sodium and Salt.
- Mitch, W. E., & Remuzzi, G. (2019). Diets for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. The Lancet, 393(10169), 496–507.
- Noori, N., et al. (2010). Dietary PotassiumIntake and Mortality in Long-term Hemodialysis Patients. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 56(2), 338–347.
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This Devine Coat of Arms was first found recorded in Sir Bernard Burkes' General Armoury.
A naked arm couped below the elbow grasping a sword flammant proper.
Gules a Lion passant guardant and at the base a human heart Argent.
The lion is said to be the emblem of "deathless courage".
In Ireland the lion also represented the 'lion' season, prior to the full arrival of Summer.
The lion symbol can also represent a great Warrior or Chief.
The heart used in heraldry signifies a man of sincerity and one who speaks the truth from his heart, and is also used as the emblem of Sincerity, Truthfulness, and Charity.
FORTITER ET FIDELITER~ BRAVE AND FAITHFUL
This coat of arms was classed as for a person "of more than ordinary excellence", "divine". It was first found registered under the spelling of Nicholas Le Devin in 1187.
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1. a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation
- I waited several days for his answer
2. a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem
- the answers were in the back of the book
3. the speech act of replying to a question
4. the principal pleading by the defendant in response to plaintiff's complaint; in criminal law it consists of the defendant's plea of `guilty' or `not guilty' (or nolo contendere); in civil law it must contain denials of all allegations in the plaintiff's complaint that the defendant hopes to controvert and it can contain affirmative defenses or counterclaims
5. a nonverbal reaction
- his answer to any problem was to get drunk
- their answer was to sue me
Sentences with answer as a noun:
- Her answer to his proposal was a slap in the face.
- There is no simple answer to corruption.
1. react verbally
- She didn't want to answer
- answer the question
- We answered that we would accept the invitation
2. respond to a signal
- answer the door
- answer the telephone
3. give the correct answer or solution to
- answer a question
- answer the riddle
4. understand the meaning of
- The question concerning the meaning of life cannot be answered
Similar word(s): resolve
5. give a defence or refutation of (a charge) or in (an argument)
- The defendant answered to all the charges of the prosecution
6. be liable or accountable
- She must answer for her actions
7. be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity
- A few words would answer
8. match or correspond
- The drawing of the suspect answers to the description the victim gave
9. be satisfactory for; meet the requirements of or serve the purpose of
- This may answer her needs
10. react to a stimulus or command
- The steering of my new car answers to the slightest touch
Sentences with answer as a verb:
- He answered the question.
- to answer a charge or accusation
- She answered the door.
- Nobody answered when I knocked on the door.
- It answers the need.
- The man must answer to his employer for the money entrusted to his care.
- He has a lot to answer for.
- He answered my claim upon him.
- The servant answered the bell.
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Can Sexual Abuse or Sexual Assault result in a Hostile Work Environment?
Sexual Abuse and Sexual Assault are forms of Sexual Harassment that are illegal. | New York City and New Jersey Sexual Harassment Attorney
Sexual harassment, which by definition is any unwelcomed sexual advance, takes on many different forms. The two main categories of sexual harassment are those stemming form a Hostile Work Environment (sexual touching, sexual threats, sexual comments and outright sexual hostilities) and those that are classified as Quid Pro Quo (which is a Latin phrase meaning “you do something for me and I do something for you”).
Although both sexual abuse and sexual assault can be classified as sexual harassment and give rise to a hostile work environment claim, these two types of harassment are not the same. While sexual assault involves touching without valid consent, sexual abuse is a much broader term that includes sexual intimidation, threats and comments in addition to sexual touching. In other words, although sexual assault can be classified as sexual abuse, not all sexual abuse claims necessarily stem from Sexual Assault. Sexual Assault is a term that is used in the criminal and civil context, while sexual abuse is used exclusively in civil litigation.
Some sources define sexual abuse as repeated and unwanted sex-oriented remarks, behaviors or gestures that attack an individual’s dignity and security and their physical and psychological integrity. In the workplace, sexual abuse may be accompanied by blackmail (coercion), by incitement (bribery), and abuse of power that could compromise employment (quid pro quo). Sexual assault on the other hand is any sexual act in which a person is coerced or physically forced to engage in the act against their will; it can also be non-consensual touching of a person in a sexual manner. Sexual assault is a form of sexual violence, and it includes rape (such as forced penetration / sodomy or drug facilitated sexual assault), in addition to groping or the torture (infliction of pain) to the employee in a sexual manner.
What Are Some Examples of Sexual Abuse?:
- Allusions to sexual preferences
- Blackmail / threats
- Comments on appearance / body
- Indecent proposals
- Intimate references
- Obscene language
- Sexual innuendoes
- Unsolicited advances
- Unwanted advances
- Showing, displaying sexual images or obscene items
- Dismissing or firing a person who refused sexual advances
What Are Some Examples of Sexual Assault?:
- Touching (especially private parts)
- Fondling or patting / squeezing
- Hugging or Kissing
- Sexual stimulation of any nature
- Rape (with use or threat of force)
- Removal of clothing (with use or threat of force)
- Getting too close physically while working
Are there laws against Sexual Assault / Sexual Abuse at work? | Sexual Harassment Attorneys in New York City and New Jersey | EEOC Lawyer
In New York City, New York State, and in New Jersey both local and federal laws protect victims of sexual assault and sexual abuse. Although there are also criminal laws that pertain to sexual assault, in the civil context regarding employment protection is clear. In New York City the Administrative Code of the City of New York § 8-101, in New York State the Human Rights Law, Executive Law § 296, in New Jersey the Law Against Discrimination (N.J.S.A. 10:5-12) and on a Federal Level Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. § 2000 e) protects employees against sexual assault and sexual abuse in the workplace.
Often, victims of sexual abuse (especially sexual assault) blame themselves for the acts feeling that something they said or the clothes they wore must have given the assailant reason to believe they could violate the victim in this manner. Often these victims feel embarrassed and humiliated to such an extent that they are fearful of pursuing their rights. The New York Sexual Harassment attorneys at the Akin Law Group and the New Jersey Sexual Harassment Attorneys at the Akin Law Group are here to help. We will treat you with the compassion, care and consideration that you deserve. Our consultation is always Free and always Confidential. We can handle your claim in a very discrete manner. You need not fear or blame yourself (even if you have given into the sexual abuse) for any of the harassment that you were forced to endure. We look forward to receiving your call to help you while punishing and holding those that committed the illegal acts responsible.
Call and speak privately with one of our attorneys at 212-825-1400.
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The August Revolution (Cách mạng tháng Tám), also known as the August General Uprising was a revolution launched by Hồ Chí Minh’s Việt Minh (League for the Independence of Vietnam) against French colonial rule in Vietnam on 14 August 1945. Within two weeks, Việt Minh forces had seized control of most rural villages and cities throughout the North, Center and South Vietnam. President Hồ Chí Minh announced the formation of the Provisional Democratic Republic. On 2 September 1945, Hồ Chí Minh declared Vietnamese Independence. The August Revolution created a uniform government for the entire country.
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Nature has created day for us to work and night to take a sound sleep. If we disobey the rules of nature, we have to pay in the form of loss of health. Health is the most precious asset with which we can do many things rewardingly.
When we get a good sleep our body muscles feel relaxed and regenerate energy in abundance for us. You all know that when we are not able to sleep properly, many psychological and physical problems emerge. This is especially true for our tender children. Sleep is necessary for living beings but it is a providential thing for a child. It plays a momentous role in the growth of a child. Children grow up much when they are sleeping.
The preferred hours of sleep for an infant are 14-16 hours, for a child of the age group of 3-6, 10-12 hours sleep is essential and for the age group of 7-12, sleep of 8-10 hours is mandatory. For youngsters sleep of 7-8 hours is obligatory for good physical growth.
Our body increases when we are in the sleeping state. The scientific reason behind this fact is that when we are sleeping, our body liberates growth hormones. With these growth hormones our body sends indications to our bones and muscles to develop.
Amino acids like glutamine excite the growth hormones and we gain height and health. Sleeping time is the best time to attain height. If you want to grow fast and get good height, sleep properly. Children who are in a developing stage are greatly affected by the beneficial result of these growth hormones.
Scientists are of the view that when we are not in a lying condition, our body is under constant pressure from the gravity of the earth. Gravity of earth puts pressure on our body and spine discs and becomes an obstacle in gaining height. At the time of sleeping our body is in lying position and the effect of gravity is minimized.
We feel fresh when we get a good sleep. Our body refuses to function properly if we work late nights. It also makes grounds for chubbiness. Brain also requires good time of sleep to function properly. Children especially become irritable if they are not able to get good sleep for their own fault or for some other reason.
Parents should try to develop the habit of proper sleep in children. Enough sleep everyday is essential even for adults because in general we get more benefits and less harm when we sleep. The better sleep you have, the healthier you are and the longer you will live.
All natural ways of growing taller consist of a series of specific diet plans and exercises. None of these exercises would work without sufficient sleep. Every parent should know and respect the relation between sleep and growing taller, after all who doesn’t want their children to be tall and healthy.
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Past studies have linked pregnancy complications to maternal obesity. Evidence also links maternal obesity and an unhealthy diet during pregnancy to a poor metabolic outcome for the child. Studies have found that maternal obesity affects the child’s risk of obesity, asthma, stroke, type II diabetes, and heart disease. In addition, there has been a link to poor cognitive performance and the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. The evidence clearly shows the terrible health implication for the child. Finding mechanisms that can help reverse these effects would help create interventions that can prevent the transmission of these diseases for future generations.
Maternal obesity and its implications
Social changes in the past 45 years have lead to a pandemic of obesity. There has been a significant increase in maternal obesity in the 21st century, specifically in high and middle-income countries. Statistically, the estimated percentage of overweight and obese pregnant women was 21.7% in India and 33% in the United States in the year 2014. It was further globally estimated that pregnant women who were overweight or obese were 8.9 million and 14.6 million, respectively. These stats have definitely increased in the past six years. Obese women of childbearing age can face complications that affect them and their unborn child. Because of obesity, the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and c-section delivery is increased. Additionally, maternal obesity may also result in maternal mortality. As a whole, the amount of weight a woman gains during pregnancy is important for good maternal and child outcomes.
Maternal obesity is also associated with higher risk of miscarriage, fetal death, and infant death. Additionally, there is an increased risk for birth defects like cardiac abnormalities. Infants are also prone to neurodevelopmental disorders such as cerebral palsy, ADHD, autism, and cognitive delays. For example, a study found that mothers who had been overweight or obese before the pregnancy were twice as likely to report their children having been diagnosed with ADHD. This claim was further supported by a study that analyzed MRIs. The study linked two areas in the brain to high body mass index (BMI). These areas play an important role in decision-making and behavior. Disruptions to these regions have been linked to ADHD, autism, and overeating. Maternal obesity is said to increase the risk of obesity and diabetes in offspring. Data has shown that the risk for obesity and diabetes can be due to an alteration in metabolism “during critical windows of prenatal development.” So how can we reduce obesity among women of reproductive age? What strategies can be used to reduce all the health risks associated with maternal obesity?
Breaking the cycle
A study has managed to identify a mechanism that explains how exercise in pregnancy has metabolic health benefits in offspring. The researchers found a link between a protein called SOD3, vitamin D, and adequate exercise. What they found was that the protein acted as a mediator. What the protein does is transmits the positive effects of maternal exercise to offspring. SOD3 is an exercised-induced protein that is found in the placenta. The protein then activates a signal pathway that controls DNA demethylation in the livers of offspring. As a result, this improves aspects of glucose metabolism in offspring. This means that it would decrease the chances of diabetes and in turn obesity. The study found that the link between SOD3 and vitamin D was that vitamin D increases SOD3. It was noted that vitamin D was needed in conjunction to exercise, for it to mediate the expression of SOD3. So a diet high in vitamin D alone does not increase SOD3. This study shows how exercise before and during pregnancy may be the key to better health for future generations.
It is important to focus on the mother-child relationship in utero to influence maternal, fetal, and child health after pregnancy. Studies have linked maternal obesity to poorer metabolic outcomes in offspring. In addition, maternal obesity is linked to increased morbidity and mortality in both women and children. Obese mothers should be treated as high risk and better care should be taken to monitoring these pregnancies. Although the benefits of exercise cannot be denied, there is still a lack of other interventions that manage obesity during pregnancy. Like the above study, future studies should further investigate mechanisms acting in the mother. Advancements in interventions could improve maternal health, reduce infant mortality, premature birth, neurodevelopmental impairment, child obesity, and diabetes. If this epidemic of maternal obesity is not contained, rates of obesity and diabetes will continue to grow.
Eman M Alfadhli, E. M. (2021). Maternal obesity influences birth weight more than gestational diabetes. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021- 03571-5
Grieger, J. A., Hutchesson, M. J., Cooray, S. D., Khomami, M. B., Zaman, S., Segan, L., Teede, H., & Moran, L. J. (2021). A review of maternal overweight and obesity and its impact on cardiometabolic outcomes during pregnancy and postpartum. Therapeutic Advances in Reproductive Health, 15. https://doi.org/10.1177/2633494120986544
Harmon, H. M., & Hannon, T. S. (2018). Maternal obesity: a serious pediatric health crisis. Nature Publishing Group, 83 (6). doi:10.1038/pr.2018.50
Kusuyama, J., Alves-Wagner, A. B., Royce H.Conlin, R. H., Makarewicz, N. S., Albertson, B. G., Prince, N. B., Kobayashi, S., Kozuka, C., Møller, M., Bjerre, M., Fuglsang, J., Emily Miele, E., Middelbeek, R. J. W., Xiudong, Y., Xia, Y., Garneau, L., Bhattacharjee, J., Aguer, C., … Laurie J.Goodyear, L. J. (2021). Placental superoxide dismutase 3 mediates benefits of maternal exercise on offspring health. Cell Metabolism, 33 (5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.004.
Norr, M. E., Hect, J. L., Lenniger, C. J., Van den Heuvel, M., & Thomason, M. E. (2020). An examination of maternal prenatal BMI and human fetal brain development. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62 (4). https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13301
Robinson, S. L., Ghassabian, A., Sundaram, R., Trinh, M. H., Lin, T. C., Bell, E. M., and Yeung, E. (2020) Parental weight status and offspring behavioral problems and psychiatric symptoms. The Journal of Pediatrics. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.01.016
Williams, C. B., Mackenzie, K. C., & Gahagan, S. (2014). The Effect of Maternal Obesity on the Offspring. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 57(3). doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000043
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a bacterium belonging to the class Mollicutes and the family Mycoplasmataceae. It is the causative agent of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys, chickens, game birds, pigeons, and passerine birds of all ages.
The disease was first described in 1905. It was described as a respiratory disease that was found in domestic poultry. However, it wasn’t for another 50 years that the causative agent, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, was cultivated.
In 1980, M. gallisepticum was isolated from wild turkeys in Colorado, Georgia and California. This was because of the mixture and close contact between the wild turkeys and domestic poultry during feeding time. This lead to an increased awareness of the disease and health monitoring protocols in wild turkey restoration programs. These protocols are still being followed today by state wildlife agencies.
House finches were introduced into the eastern U.S. from California in the 1940s after being released from the pet trade that became illegal. House finches at the time were called “Hollywood finches”. In January 1994, the first house finches with symptoms of M. gallisepticum were observed in the Washington DC area, including part of Maryland and Virginia. In the winter of 1994, an epidemic of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis caused by M. gallisepticum began in house finches. In 1994, efforts were made across North America to collect data on the spread and prevalence of M. gallisepticum using the House Finch Disease Survey. A few years later the epidemic that started in the mid-Atlantic states spread to the entire eastern population of house finches. The only house finches to have this disease are those introduced to the eastern United States. It is believed that these house finches are less resistant to the disease because they were introduced and were highly inbred. The disease was stopped by the Rocky Mountains.
M. gallisepticum infection in house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) causes conjunctivitis with the symptoms of periocular swelling, swollen eyelids, ocular and nasal discharge, impaired vision, depression, and weight loss. These symptoms cause house finch populations to decline due to increased predation and more susceptible to trauma from impaired vision. House finch conjunctivitis is most frequent during colder months when birds are using bird feeders and can cause birds to be reluctant to leave the feeders. Birds have been seen rubbing their eyes on branches or on bird feeders, which can help spread the disease.
Some major clinical signs of M. gallisepticum in chickens include those of respiratory distress such as coughing, sneezing, slight to marked rales, and difficulty breathing. Swollen eyelids, ocular discharge, and loss of sight are signs and symptoms that are very important for this disease as well. Poor productivity, leg problems, nasal discharge, stunting, inappetance, slow growth, reduced hatchability, reduced chick viability, and abnormal feathers are also some relevant clinical signs of the disease. “M. gallisepticum infections in chickens result in relatively mild catarrhal sinusitis, tracheitis, and airsacculitis."
M. gallisepticum causes respiratory infection in turkeys which can induce sinusitis, pneumonia, and airsacculitis. With infectious sinusitis, the birds have symptoms of coughing, swollen sinuses, nasal and ocular discharge, tracheal rales, labored breathing, impaired vision, depression and weight loss. The disease can even cause death and found to especially occur if combined with E. coli. Outbreaks in turkeys occur at an early age usually between 8 to 15 weeks and about 90% of birds show signs. With breeding females, there could be a decline in egg production. “Occasionally an encephalitic form is seen in growing birds. A tenovaginitis may also develop and the organism can be found in the oviduct and semen of infected male birds, leading to infection in the egg and eventually of the young poulty.”
Other avian species that have been affected by this disease are pigeons, chukar partridges, quail, ducks, geese, pheasants, psittacine birds, and peafowl. Most songbirds are resistant except for the wild house finches and some similar species in North America. Some exotic birds infected by this disease include greater flamingos, wild peregrine falcons in Spain, and yellow-naped Amazon parrots.
M. gallisepticum can be transmitted within some poultry eggs, which can come from infected breeders to progeny. Also, M. gallisepticum can be infected via infectious aerosols and through contamination of feed, water, and environment as well as human activity on fomites which can come from equipment and shoes. When birds are stressed transmission can occur more rapidly through aerosols and respiratory which spread through the flock. When they are in a flock, transmission occurs by direct and indirect contact from the movement of the birds, people and fomites from infected species. With many outbreaks, the source of the infection in the flock is unknown. Some sources that could possibly cause infection and transmission are cold weather, poor air quality, concurrent infections, and some live virus vaccinations.
The greatest success in isolating M. gallisepticum has been from tissue swabs from live trapped or newly dead birds. It is difficult to obtain a sample from frozen carcasses. Tissue swabs are taken from the inner eyelids, sinus, and trachea. Many serology tests can be performed to diagnose M. gallisepticum: serum plate agglutination (SPA) test, hemagglutination inhibition test (HI), or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The SPA test is more commonly used because it is the simplest and least expensive.
M. gallisepticum causes respiratory disease and weakens the immune system which makes the bird vulnerable to any disease that they come into contact with. Small bubbles will appear in the corners of the eyes and sinuses will swell up. Once infected, they are carriers for the disease for life. Some birds have good resistance to the disease while others may die; some become ill and recover and others may not show any symptoms at all. There is currently no risk to humans. For domestic animals, there is a high concern and there should be a prevention of any interaction between wild birds and domestic poultry. Wild bird species affected by the disease are infectious and are often found in close contact with domestic species.
Wildlife rehabilitators should be careful to not misdiagnose M. gallisepticum infection with other diseases with similar clinical signs, such as avian influenza, chlamydiosis, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, head trauma, and avian pox virus. M. gallisepticum can be treated with antibiotics such as tylosin, tertracycline, or oral enrofloxacin with ophthalmic gentamicin. These are given through food, water or injections. Especially tylosin gives good results in the feed. However, treated birds must be kept in captivity and isolation for a long time period because birds may become asymptomatic carriers. At this point, it is very difficult to verify if previously infected birds are still infected with M. gallisepticum. Treatment and release is not wise for disease control in wild populations.
Mycoplasma gallisepticum is believed to cost the worldwide poultry industry over $780 million every year. In the United States it is believed to cost over $120 million on egg production alone. Infection can lead to the culling of an entire flock to prevent further spread.
Since the disease causes reduced feed and growth production, carcass condemnations, and retarded growth in juveniles, serious economic losses have occurred. Also, chickens have been documented to lose about 16 eggs over their laying cycle of 45 weeks. This adds up to be a loss of about $140 million annually in the United States alone.
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Above: A portrait of the ‘unsinkable’ Margaret “Molly” Brown, the American socialite and philanthropist, who survived aboard lifeboat no. 6.
18 July 1867 – the date that Molly Brown was born Margaret Tobin, in Hannibal, Missouri, to John Tobin and Johanna (nee Collins).
18 – the age at which Margaret relocated to Leadville, Colorado and started work in a department store. Whilst living in Leadville she met James Joseph ('J.J.') Brown (1854-1922).
01 September 1886 – the date that James and Margaret married, at Leadville’s Annunciation Church.
I decided that I’d be better off with a poor man whom I loved than with a wealthy one whose money had attracted me. So I married Jim Brown. -Margaret ‘Molly’ Brown
19 – Margaret's age at the time they married.
31 – James' age at the time they married.
12 – the difference in age between Molly and J.J., in years.
Did Molly Brown have children?
She did. Molly and James had two children, a boy and a girl, both of whom were in their twenties by the time Molly sailed on Titanic.
30 August 1887 – the date their first child, Lawrence ('Larry') Palmer Brown was born.
22 July 1889 – the date their second child, Catherine ('Helen') Ellen Brown was born.
12,500 – the number of shares of stock (equivalent to 12.5%) that J.J. Brown was awarded when the mining company he was working for (Ibex Mining Company) struck a significant seam of gold and copper ore at the Little Jonny Mine. J.J. – who had been the superintendent at the time, and who was instrumental in the discovery of the seam – was also given a position on the board.
1894 – the year in which J.J. and Margaret moved to the wealthy neighbourhood of Capitol Hill, Denver.
$30,000 – the vale of the mansion that J.J. and Margaret purchased in Denver.
4 – the number of languages that Margaret Brown could speak fluently (English, French, German, and Italian).
1909 – the year in which Margaret and J.J. signed a separation agreement and parted company (although they retained a respectful and caring relationship).
23 – the number of years that Margaret and J.J. were married before their separation.
$700 – Margaret's monthly allowance following their separation.
05 September 1922 – the date of J.J.'s death, following a series of heart attacks.
I’ve never met a finer, bigger, more worthwhile man than J.J. Brown. -Margaret Brown following J.J.’s death in 1922
$238,000 – the net worth of J.J.'s estate at the time of his death.
5 – the number of years over which Margaret and her children – Larry and Helen – fought over J.J.'s will (he died without leaving a will to give clear instructions on the division of his estate). Margaret had no further contact with her children.
$20,000 – the value of cash and securities awarded to Margaret.
$100,000 – the value of a trust fund set up in Margaret's name, from which she received interest.
$118,000 – the balance of J.J.'s estate that went to Larry and Helen Brown.
6 – the number of the lifeboat carrying Molly Brown; she called for the boat to turn back to find survivors, although no reliable evidence exists that any further survivors were found.
26 October 1932 – the date of Margaret Brown's death.
65 – Molly Brown's age at her death.
More To Explore
If you have enjoyed reading all about Molly Brown, why not explore facts about some of the other survivors of the tragedy, about the Titanic sinking, or read a detailed account of where the ship sank.
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Which Joe gave his name to ‘sloppy joes’? We look at five interesting sandwiches and their lexical origins.
1A yellow-flowered European plant of the cabbage family. It was formerly grown as a source of blue dye, which was extracted from the leaves after they had been dried, powdered, and fermented.
- ‘Industrial crops such as flax and dye-plants (madder, woad, and weld), and other cash crops such as coleseed, hops, and tobacco, increased revenue per hectare, enabling more people to live from the earnings of smaller plots.’
- ‘Woad robs the soil of nutrients, forcing medieval woad growers in Europe to move frequently in search of uncultivated land.’
- ‘Tirien knew that the woad plant could give a blue dye, but she didn't know it could be utilized for other purposes.’
- ‘Blues used in tartan cloth originally came from the native plant woad, which was also used as a form of ceremonial face and body paint by ancient Scots.’
- ‘The distinctive blue dye used by the Picts to tattoo themselves came from the woad plant, which grows wild in the North of Britain.’
- 1.1 The dye obtained from the woad plant, now superseded by synthetic products.
- ‘‘All Britons dye themselves with woad which makes them blue,’ Caesar recorded, ‘so that in battle their appearance is more terrible.’’
- ‘Caesar claimed far more widespread use of the blue dye woad, but this was used over the whole body and not for painting or tattooing patterns.’
- ‘The early Celts are fun to draw, with blue woad tattoos, punk-like spiky hair and walrus-like moustaches.’
Old English wād, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch wede and German Waid.
We take a look at several popular, though confusing, punctuation marks.
From Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, discover surprising and intriguing language facts from around the globe.
The definitions of ‘buddy’ and ‘bro’ in the OED have recently been revised. We explore their history and increase in popularity.
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Martha’s Vineyard’s history is a rich narrative of people and events. In a regularly appearing series, The Times has invited the Martha’s Vineyard Museum to draw on its unique cache of contemporary photos and first-person accounts to describe interesting but often unfamiliar moments in Island history called to mind sometimes, but not always, by present dates.
On the corner of Davis Lane and School Street stands a home not far out of the historic Edgartown fold. However, in the mid-19th century this classic New England dwelling would not have been out of place in Athens in circa 300 B.C. While maintaining the aesthetic of historic Edgartown’s architecture, in the mid-1800s this building was home to and on the forefront of the emerging Lyceum debate movement.
These debates were structured after Aristotle’s own teaching model, which was developed in the Lyceum, a gymnasium and classroom in ancient Athens. Josiah Holbrook was the first to develop the American form of this method of continued, shared education in Millbury, Massachusetts, in 1826. The Lyceum movement quickly gained support from famous American writers and philosophers like Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Within ten years this intellectual movement had spread to Martha’s Vineyard, finding its home and audience on Davis Lane.
Thanks to transcripts housed in the archives at the Martha’s Vineyard Museum, we know that these debates covered a multitude of topics, from the philosophy of man, to the rights of women, to the building of a new schoolhouse for the town of Edgartown. The Lyceum debates illuminate many of the issues faced by people in the 1800s, but they also demonstrate a desire for continued education and discussion over troubling and controversial subjects. While the history of these debates is historically relevant and noteworthy, a greater lesson can be learned in regards to our modern approach to news and discussion.
The building that now stands at 46 Davis Lane was built in 1836, as the second incarnation of a structure that had burnt down the year before. The original building at that address had served as the Davis Academy, run by well-respected headmaster David Davis. Following the burning down of the schoolhouse, local friends and family pitched in to help Davis rebuild his school and home. Unfortunately, Davis found himself too ill to continue teaching, but he discovered a new way to use the large, old teaching room on the first floor. Davis continued living on the upper floors of his house, but he would rent out this room to other teachers and in the evenings he began hosting lecturers and the Lyceum debates.
The Lyceum debates at the old Davis Academy began in December 1836, though there are no recorded debates until 1837. This year and the following saw the largest growth in membership for the Lyceum, with 16 members and 18 members added each year, respectively. There were also a number of honorary members, who may not have participated as frequently.
Members of the Lyceum would gather in the meeting room of the Davis Academy with a previously established debate topic, hear presentations on each side, entertain arguments, and count a vote to determine the winner. It was expected that debates would be carried out in a level-headed and composed fashion with a reliance on fact instead of logical fallacies and emotion. However, on a few occasions attendees found themselves so incensed by the argument on the floor that they were unable to remain in the room for the duration of the debate. Occasionally debates were entertained, but no vote taken due to delay or lack of quorum.
The Lyceum also brought in lecturers on topics as diverse as “The peculiar dangers to your free institutions resulting from popular ignorance” and “On Conchology,” demonstrating the eclectic interests of this group of debaters. The lectures at the Lyceum display its dedication to the education of its members. The Lyceum strived to spread news and knowledge rather than allow for the entrenchment of preexisting opinions and fallacies.
The topics debated at the Lyceum display the overall dedication to the complete education of its members, as well as the concerns and contradictions of the time. For instance, the Lyceum determined that it was best for society when women were given equality and access to education; however, a motion to allow women to vote in the Lyceum was struck down.
Timely political issues, like the annexation of Texas, the measures taken by the temperance movement, the problems of party spirit, and the future of the United States were addressed. Politics, though, were far from the main point of discussion for the Lyceum in Davis Academy.
Topics of philosophy were often debated. For example, the Lyceum determined that the study of physiology was more important than that of theology, that intellectual enlightenment is a source of happiness, and that over the course of history religion has caused more bloodshed than politics. Debates were not limited to any one subject, and the emphasis of the debate was on factual knowledge. Because news sources were limited at the time, the Lyceum even acted as a way for people to gain information on current events beyond simply dealing in platitudes and abstraction.
The legacy of the Davis Academy Lyceum reaches far beyond illuminating historical context. The transcripts of the Lyceum debates offer an understanding of how useful these debates were and how important they still could be today. Some of the topics debated have implications that ring through history. For instance, the Lyceum determined that the current banking system was not beneficial to the community; that there should be a connection between the government and banking institutions; and that paying higher taxes should not translate to more privileges in voting.
These topics are easily translated to today’s issues, but the Lyceum offers an even greater lesson than this. The Lyceum was a place where members of the community could gather to have rational, if occasionally heated, discussions about pertinent issues in equality, politics, economics, philosophy, art, and local affairs.
Today there is a growing sense of polarization, American anti-intellectualism, and perceived news bias. A similar Lyceum might help remedy such issues. By evaluating the worth of beliefs and their roots and implications, the Lyceum movement helped promote a more educated populace, an overall benefit for our democracy.
“It was a vehicle through which people discovered democracy, where people saw themselves not as subjects of a king, but as citizens who can make decisions for their country,” Richard A. Katula of Northeastern University has said about the Lyceum debates.
The Lyceum debates once hosted at 46 Davis Lane provide a very useful look into the lives and issues of the mid-1900s, but they also teach a worthwhile lesson in open discussion and debate and the continued education of adults and the role it plays in the formation and survival of democracy.
Jesse Landy, an intern in the museum’s library and archives section last summer, is currently in his junior year at NYU. The Museum on School Street in Edgartown is open Monday through Saturday. Go to mvmuseum.org or call 508-627-4441 for more information on tours and exhibits.
Correction: An earlier version of this story incorrectly identified Bonnie Stacy, museum curator, as the author.
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How does mold get on my roof?
Algae grows in standing water, as well as lakes and ponds. The algae spores are carried to our roofs from water sources by the wind, birds, and squirrels. Then from roof to roof where it grows and feeds on the limestone filler in asphalt shingles and the real dirt on the tile roofs may be in some cases, the tiles themselves. The algae retain water and grow as well as contribute to the growth of other roof algae.
What causes mold or algae on my roof?
The black stains that you see on your roof is actually a blue-green algae – it’s official name is Gleocapsa Magma. Algae has been around before Man. This type of algae leads to roof stains, roof mold, fungus, lichens, fungi, moss, and mildew. Due to the changes in roofing materials, we are seeing it more often in climates where it is warm and humid. Not only can it be damaging to your home but it can be dangerous to your family and even pets. Let’s learn about what we are dealing with.
Algae: Algae are recognizable by their black-green coloring. They like dampness and shade, so they can grow on wood shingles or shakes and asphalt that do not get much sunlight. Roof algae retain moisture, they can cause shingles to deteriorate and eventually rot completely. Algae like the humid conditions in gutters and downspouts and can grow there as well.
Moss: Moss likes moisture. It grows on moist wood shingles or shakes. As it grows, it contains, even more, moisture, all resting on the surface of your roof. Your roof shingles will start to rot which compromises the integrity of your roof.
Mold: Mold appears as a fuzzy or slimy, filmy substance that is usually black or green in color. Mold loves damp or humid environments and spread quickly. Black mold is the most dangerous type of mold. It lives on wood, paper, and drywall. A black mold problem should be addressed quickly because it could weaken the structure of your home or building. Black mold has a strong musty smell and is toxic. It can be the cause of serious respiratory illnesses to people.
Mildew: Mildew can be recognized by its powdery consistency. It typically grows in warm, humid and rainy environments. It is usually found on roofs with poor drainage or where trees hang over the roof line. Mildew spreads fast and is green, black, red or pink in color.
If you think that you have a mold problem call a professional to do inspections and help get rid of the issue. HomeMD specializes in the mold testing as well as all home inspections.
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Summary of Act Two, Scenes 5 – 8:
[Act Two: Scene 5 (pg. 75), Scene 6 (pg. 77), Scene 7 (pg. 79), Scene 8 (pg. 82)]
Irwin and Hector recap the lesson they have just co-taught. Hector is irate after witnessing Irwin's teaching methods firsthand. Irwin, by contrast, thinks that the lesson went well. When Dakin and Scripps enter the classroom, a defeated Hector leaves the two of them alone with Irwin.
Dakin, Irwin, and Hector discuss different teaching philosophies. Dakin then flirts with Irwin while Scripps looks on. When Irwin finally leaves, Dakin tells Scripps how he feels about Irwin. Also, it turns out that Fiona has informed the boys about the nature of Hector's departure. Meanwhile, the Headmaster is drilling Irwin about a letter of complaint he has received from Posner's parents about the manner in which Irwin speaks about the Holocaust. The Posners are angry with Irwin's insinuation that The Holocaust can be viewed as a policy decision. Irwin tries to defend his methods, but the Headmaster commands him to write a letter of apology.
Later, Irwin asks Posner if he tells his parents everything that goes on in school. Posner says that he didn't mean to upset anyone but his dad often gets curious about what his son is learning. Finally, Irwin accepts responsibility for the complaint and agrees to apologize.
Back in the classroom, Dakin and Scripps are talking about Dakin’s feelings for Irwin. Scripps notices that Dakin is starting to take on a number of Irwin’s characteristics. Dakin admits that he is having sex with Fiona, but apparently his constant talk about Irwin has started to annoy her. Eventually, Dakin shares with Scripps that he likes Irwin, while Posner agonizes over his unrequited feelings for Dakin.
In the next scene, Hector, Irwin, and Mrs. Lintott stage a mock examination board so that the boys can practice for their interviews. During this process, Mrs. Lintott shares what she thinks about the role of women in history and points out that women have been systematically excluded from political decision-making.
Mrs. Lintott says that history is rife with inept men who need women to clean up after them. The boys behave awkwardly during and after her speech; they are taken aback by her uncharacteristic monologue. When it is Rudge’s turn to be examined, he resists all of his teachers' advice, preferring instead to be his authentic self. Irwin closes out this lesson by reminding the boys that they will be up against candidates who are better educated.
Analysis of Act Two, Scenes 5 – 8:
Not much happens in these scenes by way of plot, but this section of the play is crucial to the development of these characters in light of the conflicts that arise in Act I. Hector finally begins to understand that he is fighting a losing battle. Dakin gets bolder in his pursuit of Irwin; and Irwin’s unorthodox lessons lead to unintended negative consequences. Each of these characters experiences an important turning point.
As Hector speaks to Irwin about their first joint lesson, he laments the fact that the boys did not respond to Irwin's questions as they do to Hector's. Instead of competing to recite the most appropriate quote and generally trying to outdo one another, the boys are now only concerned about how to best excel on their Oxbridge entrance examinations. Hector expresses his disappointment when he says, “I thought I was lining their minds with some sort of literary insulation, proof against the primacy of fact. Instead back come my words like a Speak Your Weight Machine” (75). He thinks that Irwin and the Headmaster have turned the boys into robots only capable of parroting responses that will help them succeed on their Oxbridge exams.
Hector’s disdain towards Irwin's method of exam preparation is nothing new, but after the joint lesson, he finally realizes that the boys have succumbed to Irwin's ways of thinking; they now believe that getting into Oxbridge is their most important priority. Dakin's actions embody this shift in allegiance when he turns down going to Hector's office in favor of staying behind to talk to Irwin. When Hector says, "It's time I went," (75) he is essentially conceding to Irwin's style of teaching - even if he is not yet ready to admit it to Dakin.
Meanwhile, Dakin's romantic goals have changed, too. He has finally "conquered" Fiona, though he clearly does not feel any tenderness towards her. Their sexual encounter has not changed the way Dakin talks about Fiona; he equates their tryst with signing the Treaty of Versailles. In contrast, Dakin speaks about Irwin with respect. He cares deeply about earning Irwin's confidence and admits his feelings for his instructor to Posner.
Irwin also has a pivotal realization in this section when he is forced to face criticism for his actions. After Posner's parents complain about Irwin's perspective on the Holocaust, Irwin has no choice but to apologize. In this way, Bennett emphasizes Hector's belief that learning cannot simply be for the purposes of passing an exam. Irwin must consider the fact that his students will need to be savvy enough to navigate the world outside of Oxbridge preparation. Since the audience already knows that Irwin will leave academia in the future, the confrontation between Irwin and the Headmaster carries additional weight - Irwin will find that his methods are better suited to other arenas.
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Ransom Eli Olds(Founder of Oldsmobile) 1864-1950
Ransom Eli Olds:
Invented assembly line 1901 enabling Olds plant to quadruple output. (many think that Henry Ford invented the assembly line, but Ford actually added the conveyor belts to Olds's idea.)
Produced low-cost automobiles at a time when most were marketing to the rich.
Responsible for the design of the Curved-Dash Oldsmobile.
Left Olds Motor Company in 1904 to establish REO Motor Car Company.
Samuel Latta Smith(Foremost initial investor in Oldsmobile) 1830-1917
Samuel Latta Smith:
The foremost initial investor in the Olds Motor Vehicle Company. A baron of copper mining, railroads and canals in upper Michigan. In 1899, Smith advanced $200,000 toward the formation of Olds Motor Works and the construction of a new factory at Detroit.
As majority stockholder, Smith was named president and his sons, also acquired shares.
Ransom Olds clashed with Smith's son. Olds departed from his namesake company in 1904 to form Reo. The Smiths favored larger, more expensive cars. They started selling Oldsmobiles for twice the cost of the original Curved Dash. Sales dropped from above 6,000 units to around 1,000.
William C. Durant began talks with the Smiths in September 1908. A stock swap transferred control to Durant’s new General Motors Company on November 12th, and the Smiths resigned the following year.
Henry M. Leland(Built engines for Olds after fire at Olds plant) 1843-1932
Henry M. Leland:
After fire at Olds plant, Leland, head of Leland and Faulconer Co., built 2,000 engines for Olds. This was the first large component order by an auto maker to an outside supplier.
Improved on Olds' engine, and offered it to Olds but was turned down.
Went on with the improved engine design to build a car named after a French explorer who founded Detroit, Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac.
Sold Cadillac company to General Motors and served as an executive running that division. Later left because of disagreements over just how high quality the car should be.
Started Lincoln, competitor to Cadillac, then later sold to Ford Motor Co.
William C. Durant(Incorporated GM in 1908) 1861-1947
William C. Durant:
Not an inventor or mechanic but more of a sales man.
Was a self made millionaire, partner in Durant-Dort Carriage Co., largest maker of horse drawn carriages in the country.
Incorporated General Motors in 1908.
GM purchased Buick, then 6 weeks later purchased Oldsmobile. In some months Durant acquired Oakland Company (later named Pontiac), Cadillac, and other parts companies. Durant almost lost control of GM in 1910, but with profits made from partner Louis Chevrolet, regained control of GM again in 1915.
Charles F. Kettering(Key in the design of Oldsmobile's Rocket 88 engine) 1876-1958
Charles F. Kettering:
Head of GM research laboratory for 31 years.
Designed high compression V-8 engine which came to be known as Olds "Rocket 88", he also perfected high octane fuel to run high compression engines.
Prominent in development of first commercially successful automatic transmission, the Olds Hydra-Matic.
Founder of Delco (Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company).
Inventor of Freon, first electrical starter for cars, and quick drying paint for cars.
Roy D. Chapin(Early test driver for Oldsmobile) 1880-1936
Roy D. Chapin:
Left College to become a test driver for Oldsmobile.
Drove a curved dash Oldsmobile from Detroit to New York in 1901, an amazing performance for the time.
Helped form the Lincoln Highway Association to finance a privately built interstate highway across the country. His theory was that auto companies, assisted by makers of tires, batteries and upholstery, should build smooth, surfaced roads necessary to encourage potential drivers to buy cars for long distance use.
Later went on to start Hudson Motor Car Co., and his son founded American Motors Corp. (AMC) which was purchased by Chrysler in 1987.
Charles L. McCuen(Designed Series F and L engines - championed use of Hydramatic Transmission) 1892-1975
Charles L. McCuen:
Advanced Engine Design Engineer Olds (1926). Olds Chief Engineer and Director of Engineering. Technical Assistant to General Manager of Oldsmobile and Buick (1932). Oldsmobile General Manager and Vice President (1933-1940).
Joined GM's Oldsmobile Division Lansing, Michigan in 1926 where as advanced engine design engineer he developed the series "F" and "L" engines. McCuen’s division was first with a completely automatic transmission, GM's Hydra-Matic that was introduced on 1940 model Oldsmobiles. The little group of engineers who originated the automatic transmission project acknowledge in later years that their innovation might have been bypassed, but McCuen's confidence and enthusiasm sold the concept to GM management when no one else in GM would touch it.
Innovation was an Olds hallmark in the 30s, the make (among others) pioneering "Knee-Action" independent front suspension for '34, a semiauto transmission for 37-39, and completely automatic Hydra-Matic Drive for 1940. Features like these earned Olds a longtime reputation as GM's "experimental" division and much of Oldsmobile's technical daring in the '30s was spurred by Charles L. McCuen.
Arthur Ross(Creative Designer at GM for over 20 years) 1913-1981
Creative Designer at GM Styling from 1935-1958.
Assigned to Oldsmobile as Chief Designer in 1946.
Key in designs such as the 1954 Oldsmobile 98 Holiday convertible with two-tone paint, wrap around windshield, and spinner hubcaps.
His distinctive styling cues can also be found on '59, '60, and '61 Oldsmobiles.
Some sources list Arthur as the designer of the 1956 Golden Rocket.
Helen J. Earley(Oldsmobile's resident historian) 1917-2005
Helen J. Earley:
First worked for Oldsmobile in 1942 as a stenographer.
Retired in 1987 after 45 years service.
Was Oldsmobile's resident historian.
A founding member of the R.E. Olds Transportation Museum, member of the board of the Detroit Public National Automotive History Collection, member of the board of the Library and Research Center for the Antique Automobile Club of America and the Society of Automotive Historians.
Received the James J. Bradley Award from the Society of Automotive Historians. (award recognized the "Outstanding contributions to the preservation of historical materials related to the automobiles produced by Oldsmobile and for the spirit of helpfulness to writers, researchers, historians and restorers").
Established and ran the Oldsmobile History Center along with James Walkinshaw.
Co-authored two books, 'Setting the Pace' and 'Oldsmobile-A War Years Pictorial'.
James R. Walkinshaw(Plant layout and facility planning at Oldsmobile for 33 years) 1935-2013
James (Jim) R. Walkinshaw:
Began work in Oldsmobile Plant Layout Department after graduating from General Motors Institute with a Bachelors of Science in Mechanical Engineering.
Determined the arrangement of the facilities in plants in Lansing. Advanced through Industrial Engineering Department and Manufacturing Engineering, retiring in 1986. Was a part of almost every facility change during that time.
In 1987, Helen Earley and James founded the Oldsmobile History Center to manage the extensive historical collection about the People, the Plant and the Products of Oldsmobile. They co-authored three books using this and other material. Those books were: "Setting the Pace", "Oldsmobile War Years Pictorial", and "Oldsmobile the Last Chapter". The last book was completed by Jim, and dedicated to Helen, as she had passed away while it was being written.
Interests and hobbies included driving an 1905 Oldsmobile. Curved Dash was Jim's pride and joy late in life. Giving rides and explaining the Curved Dash history to his passengers was enjoyable to both. Jim volunteered his time freely at the RE Olds Transportation Museum.
Edward T. Welburn(Contributed to design of Cutlass Supreme, Ciera, Calais, Aerotech, Antares Concept, Intrigue) 1950-present
Edward T. Welburn:
Ed Welburn began his career in 1972 at the GM Design Center as an associate designer in the Advanced Design Studios. In 1975, he moved to the Oldsmobile Exterior Studio, where he contributed to every design of the highly successful Cutlass Supreme since the 1978 model year, and later to the Cutlass Ciera and Calais.
Appointed chief designer of Oldsmobile Exterior II Studio in Dec. 1989. His studio continued the development of the Cutlass Supreme and Ciera, and the Olds Aerotech research vehicle, which set numerous world and international records for speed and endurance.
In 1995, Welburn and his team designed the Olds Antares Concept, a vehicle that would have a major influence on the development of one of his favorite projects, the Olds Intrigue. The Intrigue was selected by Autoweek magazine as "The Most Significant Car" of the 1996 North American International Auto Show.
Edward T. Welburn was appointed GM vice president, global design March 2005. He had been vice president of design, GM North America, since October 2003, when he became only the sixth design leader in GM history.
On Jan 25, 2009, Welburn received the Distinguished Service Citation from the Automotive Hall of Fame, which recognizes an individual's significant contribution to the auto industry.
Margaret (Peggy) Sauer(GM Damsel of Design & GM Styling Interior Designer) 1925-1986
From 1955 to 1962, Peggy worked for General Motors styling department as an interior designer.
From Oldsmobile interiors to Cadillac and Buick seat designs, Peggy created a very impressive resumé of her beautiful works of art.
Peggy successfully entered into a male-dominated industrial work force and pioneered herself as a huge success for many years.
Taught at the Henry Ford Community college along with the Columbus College of Art and Design, Highland Park Community College, Macomb Community College, and the College for Creative Studies in Detroit.
Oldsmobile Damsel of Design.
Created the Oldsmobile Fiesta Carousel station wagon (concept) in a metallic blue with matching interior. Carousel was designed with children in mind, and it featured a magnetic game board that could be attached to the back of the front seat. Sauer placed umbrella holders in the front doors and also located parent-friendly controls on the dashboard for the rear-seat door latches and window switches.
Other notable automotive design by Peggy was her interior design for the 1963 Studebaker Avanti model.
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We have heard of work-life balance and how stress can affect our mental and physical health. But how does work-related stress or daily stress affect our oral health?
A strong correlation has been proven between constant high stress levels and oral health.
At ConfiDent we have met a lot of patients that work in the financial industry and in high-pressured work environments where they don’t sleep or rest enough.
This uneven work-life-balance can lead to anxiety and stress. In some extreme cases this could trigger jaw clenching, grinding teeth and even soft tissue problems such as receding gums for instance.
So why do people start clenching and grinding when facing a stressful situation?
Our natural body response to a tense situation is accompanied by the release of stress hormones. As soon as these hormones go into the bloodstream, they control all the body functions, including facial and jaw muscles.
If you are stressed for a long period of time, your face and jaw muscles can remain contracted or partially contracted. This leads to grinding, clenching, and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD).
Effects and symptoms of continuous emotional strain that we’ve seen in a number of our patients are:
Temporomandibular joints disorder (TMJD)
Soft tissue problems
Teeth clenching and grinding leads often to broken or chipped teeth
Canker sores are a result of high levels of stress and a low immune system.
They appear as small spots with a white or greyish base and red borders in the oral cavity. Sores have to complete a cycle of 7 to 10 days to disappear completely. Your dentist can advise special remedies and instructions, as they can get quite uncomfortable and painful.
But you don’t have to wait that long to get rid of the pain, we at ConfiDent can help with immediate pain relief using laser technology.
Over-brushing, applying too hard pressure, or using the wrong toothbrush can cause severe damage to your teeth and your gums.
If you notice receding gums, bleeding or sore soft tissues, we strongly advise you to see our specialist in order to avoid a progressive clinical situation with possible involvement of bone loss around your teeth.
Learn how to get rid of such bad habits when speaking to our dental hygienist during an Oral Hygiene Instructions session.
Acid reflux is another common effect caused by stress, it usually involves bad eating habits. Did you ever get that feeling of acidic burning up your throat?
That is acid reflux which can cause damage to your teeth and which gets often unnoticed as the first signs of these so-called ‘erosions’ (loss of tooth surface/enamel) are seen from the backside of your teeth only. Your dentist will detect these erosions straight away and can advise how to prevent further damage. Besides the erosions acidity has also the tendency to cause bad breath.
All the above can be avoided by maintaining a healthy and balanced state of mind; exercising, eat healthily, and spend time with your family and pets.
To ease existing irritation, avoid eating spicy, hot foods or anything with a high acid content, such as tomatoes or citrus fruits. Try to cut back on smoking and replace the coffee with certain teas instead.
If any severe clenching or canker sores occur, the ConfiDent Team is there to help you with a professional checkup and recommendations.
If you would like to get a full dental analysis - Contact our expert team today.
Secondary source educational information gathered by the author.
About ConfiDent ® Palm Dental Clinic.
State-of-the-art restorative and cosmetic dental practice awarded Leading Implant Center in GCC and the Middle East.
Our premium class practice uses sophisticated and precision-engineered German-made technology that helps us to perform all treatments at the highest level.
ConfiDent® Dental Surgery Clinic is located right in the center of the Palm Jumeirah, inside the Golden Mile Galleria Mall, building 8 on the mezzanine floor.
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Antineoplastic agents are drugs used in chemotherapy to treat cancer. There are many different categories of antineoplastic agents and they are used to treat different cancers. Generally, antineoplastic agents are used to treat types of leukemia, lymphoma, ovarian, breast and brain cancers, among others. Many antineoplastic agents are not capable of targeted chemotherapy. When chemotherapy is not targeted, there are generally more and worse symptoms. Targeted chemotherapy is when the chemotherapy agent ‘knows’ what type of cells to look for and only kills them. Untargeted chemotherapy attacks an entire area rather than specific cells, creating many more side effects. The first and most famous antineoplastic agent is mustard gas, famous for being used during WWI. Antineoplastic agents can cause vomiting, nausea, hair loss, fever, bone marrow depression, toxicity of many organs and more.
Antineoplastic Agents Drugs
There are many different kinds of antineoplastic agents. Below are listed the different groups of antineoplastic agents. Within the groups, there are further subdivisions.
- Methyl Hyrdazines
- Nitrogen mustards
- Platinum Coordination complexes
- Folate antagonists
- Purine antagonists
- Pyriminde antagonists
- Vinca Alkaloids
Hormones and Antagonists
- 5-alpha reductase inhibitor
- Aromatase inhibitor
- GnRH Analogues
- Growth Hormone
- Progesteron derivatives
Miscellaneous antineoplastic agents
Antineoplastic Agents Uses
Antineoplastic agents treat many types of cancer.
Antineoplastic Agents Side Effects
The side effects of antineoplastic agents vary widely depending on which drug is being used. Due to our limited understanding of cancer, many of the side effects are severe. Some of the common side effects are listed below.
- Nausea and vomiting
- Hair loss
- Loss of appetite
- Stomach upset
- Bone marrow depression
- Toxicity of the liver, kidney, lungs, bone marrow or stomach
- General pain
Antineoplastic Agents Interactions
Antineoplastic agents may interact with other drugs and substances in serious ways. While being treated for cancer, patients should discuss all medications they take with their doctor to discover which drugs they should not take during chemotherapy. You should also tell your doctor if you have undergone radiation or used any other anticancer drugs.
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You may know this species from a childhood spent playing crash bandicoot, but the real-world marsupials are just as cute and interesting as their video game counterpart.
Bandicoots are small, solitary, generally nocturnal marsupials that are distributed across Australia, New Guinea and associated islands. Adaptable to a range of habitats, they can be found in rainforests, wetlands, woodlands, and prairies. Even human environments can be utilised by certain species. They belong to the Peramelemorphia order, containing bandicoots and another species of small marsupial, the bilby. Despite having a detailed fossil record that spans 25 million years, the position of this order in the mammalian family tree has always been hotly contested. Genetic sampling of most living species and a few extinct species revealed that bilbies separated from a bandicoot ancestor in the mid to late Oligocene (33 to 28 million years ago.) It also revealed that the bandicoot species alive today evolved much earlier than the fossil record seems to suggest. Today, the Australian and New Guinea species have been split into different genera due to genetic and morphological differences. There are currently 20 species of known bandicoots across the entire order.
With their long snouts, small furry bodies, long hairless tails and big ears, Bandicoots are easily mistaken for rodents. Unlike other marsupials, bandicoots have a placenta. Using their sharp claws and long snouts, bandicoots dig funnel shaped tunnels in search of their insect and plant food. This makes them rather unpopular with farmers, who view them as pests that destroy their land and crops. However, Bandicoots are an essential part of the ecosystem. By turning over leaf litter in their snuffling search for food, they increase leaf litter decomposition which leads to more nutrient cycling and soil decomposition, both essential for the robust growth of new plants. One solitary bandicoot can turnover up to 13kg of soil in one night in search of dinner!
Population Crash (Bandicoot): the conservation status of the species
Population sizes and conservation status varies greatly across the species. Some species are fairing well, but others are sliding towards extinction thanks to habitat loss and invasive species like feral cats, a huge problem affecting many of Australia’s marsupials.
The Eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii) was once common throughout Australia and Tasmania but suffered massive declines and eventually went locally extinct in Australia in 2002. Today, the only mainland populations exist in two conservation areas, Mount Rothwell and Hamilton Community Parklands, fenced off to protect against predators. It is still reasonably well distributed in Tasmania but has disappeared from huge chunks of its former range. It is likely that predation from foxes caused the extinction on the mainland, and as red foxes have now been introduced to Tasmania there is major concern about the future of the Eastern barred bandicoot here in its last stronghold.
The Golden bandicoot (Isoodon auratus) was found throughout most of Australia but is now extinct save for a few small areas. No one has been able to get a good estimate of numbers, but scientists are fairly confident that the species is in a steady decline. On the mainland in particular, the bandicoots are particularly threatened by a combination and changing practices around controlled burns and feral cats. Reduced vegetation cover caused by the fires have led to increased predation by cats as there are less places for the bandicoots to hide. In other parts of its range, accidentally introduced black rats are outcompeting the bandicoot for food and other resources.
After almost 30 years of conservation efforts, the numbers of Eastern Barred Bandicoots jumped from just 150 to close to 1500. In fact, it enabled the IUCN to change the status of this marsupial from extinct in the wild to endangered. In the 1980’s, conservationists stepped in and invested huge amounts of money into an intensive conservation programme that involved a captive breeding programme and the development of predator free sites protected by specially trained dogs. The captive breeding programme produced 920 offspring that were safely released into these protected areas and make up a huge part of the wild population today. Even more encouragingly, despite dramatic declines, the genetic fitness of the population doesn’t seem to be affected and breeding rate and litter sizes are good. Currently, the plan is to now double the population and implement more self-sustaining populations across more predator free islands.
Zoos Victoria is a zoo based conservation charity working to fight extinction alongside running three zoos in Australia; Healesville Sanctuary, Melbourne Zoo and Werribee Open Range Zoo. They have partnered with several other organisations to conserve the Eastern Barred Bandicoot and have played a huge role in the captive breeding programme, producing 650 offspring to be reintroduced into protected, fenced off areas. They are also working to trial the use of trained Maremma dogs, a breed of Australian sheepdog, to protect the bandicoots from predators like foxes. You can donate or if you live in Australia, visit their zoos to support their conservation work.
The Australian Wildlife Conservancy is the largest private landowner and manager of land for conservation purposes in Australia. They work across a range of conservation projects, control invasive species, conduct ecological research and monitor the health of ecosystems. For the Golden Bandicoot the organisation is carrying out better controlled burns, controlling feral cat populations and researching better ways to control feral predator behaviour. In a Bandicoot area called Artesian Range the conservancy are supporting a stable dingo population, as they can help to bring down the numbers of feral cats.
You can donate to their organisation via their website or if you live around their conservation projects you can volunteer your time for a range of activities including scientific surveys, land management and sanctuary repairs.
The Golden Bandicoot
A clip from Zoos Victoria about the Eastern Barred Bandicoot and its recovery programme.
A mini documentary about the evolutionary history and ecology of the bandicoots.
Palmer, C. Taylor, R. and Burbridge, A. (2003) ‘Recovery plan for the golden bandicoot Isoodon auratus and golden backed tree rat Mesembriomys macrurus 2004-2009.’ Northern Territory Department of Infrastructure Planning and Environment.
Parrot, M.L. Coetsee, A.L. Hartnett, C.M. and Magrath, M.J.L. (2017) ‘New hope for the Eastern Barred Bandicoot after 27 years of recovery effort.’ International Zoo Yearbook.
Weeks, A.R., van Rooyen, A. Mitrovski, P. Heinze, D. Winnard, A. and Miller, A.D. (2013) ‘A species in decline: genetic diversity and conservation of the Victorian eastern barred bandicoot.’ Conservation Genetics
Westerman, M. Kear, B.P. Aplin, K. Meredith, R.W. Emerling, C. and Springer, M.S. (2012) ‘Phylogenetic relationships of living and recently extinct bandicoots based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences.’ Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.
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Are you struggling with science this year? I have been there! Granted there are those amazing few homeschool parents that really rock the science world, but most of us are genuinely struggling to find resources and curriculum that give our children the education they require. In fact, many homeschoolers have found that delight directed learning, and the use of living books make a huge difference! We’ve dedicated this month’s newsletter to delight directed learning and helping you know how to homeschool science with living books! For many, this may translate to a Charlotte Mason inspired homeschooling method, but if that method doesn’t completely fit your family borrowing some great things from that style might make a huge difference for you now!
How to Teach Science Using Living Books
A classic but fun option is to teach a subject of your choosing through living books. We love this idea specifically for teaching science -- a subject that can easily feel dry, boring, or complicated.Read More
Tips for Delight Directed Science Learning
Delight-directed learning, as the name implies, focuses on increasing enjoyment of the subject wherever possible. It is also heavily project-based, which adds to the enjoyment for many students.Read More
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Gum disease describes swelling, soreness or infection of the tissues supporting the teeth. There are two main forms of gum disease: gingivitis and periodontal disease.
Did you know?
Gum disease can be a indicator of your general health. In fact, gum disease has been linked to health problems such as heart disease, diabetes and strokes. All the more reason to visit us regularly.
“80% of teeth are saved by regular dental hygiene appointments plus good oral health care”
What is gingivitis?
Gingivitis means inflammation of the gums. This is when the gums around the teeth become very red and swollen. Often the swollen gums bleed when they are brushed during cleaning.
What is periodontal disease?
Long-standing gingivitis can turn into periodontal disease. There are a number of types of periodontal disease and they all affect the tissues supporting the teeth. As the disease gets worse the bone anchoring the teeth in the jaw is lost, making the teeth loose. If this is not treated, the teeth may eventually fall out. In fact, more teeth are lost through periodontal disease than through tooth decay.
Am I likely to suffer from gum disease?
Most people suffer from some form of gum disease, and it is the major cause of tooth loss in adults. However, the disease develops very slowly in most people, and it can be slowed down to a rate that should allow you to keep most of your teeth for life. This is only possible if you have regular dental and hygiene appointments and you adhere to a full oral health regime at home as instructed by your hygienist.
What is the cause of gum disease?
All gum disease is caused by plaque. Plaque is a film of bacteria which forms on the surface of the teeth and gums every day. Many of the bacteria in plaque are completely harmless, but there are some that have been shown to be the main cause of gum disease. To prevent and treat gum disease, you need to make sure you remove all the plaque from your teeth every day. This is done by brushing and flossing.
Contact the practice to book an appointment : 01865 558822.
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Nginx is an open source web server that is similar to Apache, but very light weight. Nginx is both web server and reverse proxy server.
Nginx is pronounced as “Engine X”.
Nginx is short form after you remove both the e’s from “Engine X”.
- It serves static and index files
- Reverse proxy with caching
- Supports SSL
- Simple load balancing with fault tolerance
- Both name-based and ip-based virtual server can be configured
- HTTP basic authentication
- Supports rewrite module
- Supports gzip, XSLT, SSI and image resizing filters
- All the main mail proxy server features are supported
Nginx is available in Ubuntu’s default repositories, so the installation is rather straight forward.
We will update our local package index so that we have access to the most recent package listings. Afterwards, we can install N
- sudo apt-get update
- sudo apt-get install nginx
After accepting the procedure,
apt-get will install Nginx and any required dependencies to your server.
Adjust the Firewall
There are three profiles available for Nginx:
- Nginx Full: This profile opens both port 80 (normal, unencrypted web traffic) and port 443 (TLS/SSL encrypted traffic)
- Nginx HTTP: This profile opens only port 80 (normal, unencrypted web traffic)
- Nginx HTTPS: This profile opens only port 443 (TLS/SSL encrypted traffic)
Enable by using the Uncomplicated Firewall (ufw)
- sudo ufw allow ‘Nginx HTTP’
Note:- The Uncomplicated Firewall (ufw) is a frontend for iptables and is particularly well-suited for host-based firewalls. ufw provides a framework for managing netfilter, as well as a command-line interface for manipulating the firewall.
Verify the change:
- sudo ufw status
Check your Web Server
sudo systemctl status nginx
For your public IP address as seen from another location on the Internet:
- sudo apt-get install curl
- curl -4 icanhazip.com
When you have your server’s IP address or domain, enter it into your browser’s address bar:
You should see the default Nginx landing page…
Manage the Nginx Process
Some basic management commands.
To stop your web server:
- sudo systemctl stop nginx
To start the web server when it is stopped:
- sudo systemctl start nginx
To stop and then start the service again:
- sudo systemctl restart nginx
If you are simply making configuration changes, Nginx can often reload without dropping connections:
- sudo systemctl reload nginx
By default, Nginx is configured to start automatically when the server boots. You can disable:
- sudo systemctl disable nginx
To re-enable the service to start up at boot:
- sudo systemctl enable nginx
To view the current version of Nginx, do the following:
- ./nginx -v
To debug issues, view the error.log and access.log files located under /usr/local/nginx/logs
- ls /usr/local/nginx/logs/
Important Nginx Files and Directories
- /var/www/html: The actual web content (for all the web server), which by default only consists of the default Nginx page you saw earlier, is served out of the /var/www/html directory. This can be changed by altering Nginx configuration files.
- /etc/nginx: The nginx configuration directory. All of the Nginx configuration files inside this directory.
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Folding of 8-17 deoxyribozyme
studied by three-color alternating-laser excitation of single molecules.
Factors that influence deoxyribozyme
cleavage during polymerase chain reaction.
of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign have created lariat RNA employing artificial deoxyribozymes
The deoxyribozymes will provide a means of synthesizing (ligating) large amounts of RNA in hours at 37[degrees]C.
The deoxyribozymes require the RNA junction ligation termini to be a 2'-3' cyclic phosphate and a 5' hydroxyl group.
Functionally, these deoxyribozymes
are cousins of protein enzymes known as restriction endonucleases.
Although the activity of the described oligonucleotides is weak, these deoxyribozymes
could be further optimized to enhance their catalytic power, making them valuable for diagnostic applications.
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A quota-based hiring system. The rules of Affirmative Action state that the personnel makeups of certain businesses must consist of a set percentage of different ethnic groups. It is sometimes met with criticism due to the fact that a qualified individual of one race may be passed up because a company doesn't have enough of a certain race in their personnel makeup.
XYZ Corp. had to choose between John, a man of Asian descent; and Jane, a woman of African-American descent. John has 5 years experience in the field and a bachelor's degree. Jane has 10 years experience and a master's degree. XYZ Corp. has room for a staff of 40 people; Affirmative Action stating that at least 10 Asians and 10 African-Americans must occupy positions in this company. There are currently 9 Asians and 10 African-Americans employed with XYZ Corp. XYZ hires the less experienced worker in order to stay in compliance with Affirmative Action regulations.
by J. Malik November 21, 2005
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From the days of Z. N. Morrell and James Huckins to Bill Pinson and Charles Wade, Baptists have played and continue to play an important role in the religious, secular, and political life of Texas. Over the previous one hundred and fifty years several Texas Baptist histories have been written, but not until now have the documents used in the development of these texts been made available in one resource.
In A Texas Baptist History Sourcebook, Joseph E. Early, Jr., has provided the most complete collection of Texas Baptist sources ever issued in one volume. This work consists of church minutes, state and association convention records, denominational newspaper articles, records of Baptist universities, and myriads of other resources. Included in this work are George Washington Truett's sermon Baptists and Religious Liberty delivered on the steps of the Capitol building in Washington, D.C., James Milton Carroll's Trail of Blood, J. Frank Norris' railings against the Baptist General Convention of Texas, and countless other sources depicting the many years of Texas Baptist history.
This book is designed as a complementary work to Harry Leon McBeth's Texas Baptists: A Sesquicentennial History. Students can follow McBeth's chapter divisions, headings, and subheadings for greater ease in studying the documents. Whether used independently or as a companion to McBeth's work, A Texas Baptist History Sourcebook is a must for an in-depth study of Baptists in Texas.
Dr. Early is remarkably evenhanded in his selection of sources to include. Any student of Baptist history will find this a fascinating and utterly indispensable source of information for anything relating to Baptists in the state.—From the Foreword by Harry Leon McBeth
"This is a definitive collection of primary sources in Texas Baptist history and of great significance as a complementary volume to Leon McBeth's classic work, Texas Baptists. I can see both of these volumes being required in courses for seminary and graduate students. Recognizing the limitations of space, Early has done a remarkable job for the amount of material that is included."—M. Vernon Davis, Dean of the Logsdon School of Theology, Hardin-Simmons University
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| 0.94464 | 451 | 2.515625 | 3 |
I discuss confidence intervals and hypothesis tests for a variance when sampling from a normally distributed population. I discuss the logic behind the procedures, discuss some characteristics of the sampling distribution of the sample variance, and give the appropriate formulas. I briefly discuss the results for an example problem, but I don’t work through any of the calculations in this video. (I have another video in which I work through a complete example.)
The fat content in deep fried chicken sandwiches is based on information from the USDA Nutrient Database.
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The thyroid gland plays a key role in the metabolic and other physiological functions of the body. Millions of people suffer from thyroid disorders without realizing it. Find out the symptoms of thyroid problem.
The thyroid gland is an important endocrine gland that secretes hormones that are vital to the physiological functions of our body. The thyroid hormone sets the pace at which the bodily functions take place. The thyroid gland is located in the middle of the lower neck - just above the collarbones and below the larynx. The thyroid gland is butterfly shaped and it derives its name from the Greek word, which means 'shield'. The functioning of the thyroid gland is largely dependent on iodine. Persons living in areas where the water is iodine deficient are advised to take iodine rich foods. Goiter is the condition where the thyroid gland becomes enlarged. Thyroid hormone levels are controlled by the thyroid-stimulating hormone produced by the pituitary gland.
Thyroid cancer is not always easily identifiable. The symptoms of thyroid cancer such as pain in the neck and throat or difficulty in swallowing and breathing are sometimes attributed to other infections and it might take some time to arrive at a diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Every year there are nearly 11,000 cases of thyroid cancer, predominantly among females. Typical thyroid disease affects women older than 30 years and it can be aggressively seen in older patients. The chances of recovery after treatment of thyroid cancer are more than 95% if diagnosed and treated in time. Thyroid cancer can appear as papillary or follicular cancer and is usually treated with removal of the thyroid lobe. Papillary thyroid cancer is more commonly noticed and patients experience better chances of recovery.
Other thyroid diseases that are noticed are Graves Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Thyroid Nodules. Graves disease is caused due to over stimulated thyroid cells that produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormone. This is caused due to unique antibodies. The thyroid disease caused due to the accumulation of white blood cells and fluid within the thyroid gland is known as Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. In this thyroid disorder, the thyroid gland is eventually destroyed. When there is thyroid enlargement in just one part of the thyroid gland, many nodules are noticed in that area.
Millions of people suffer from thyroid problems, though they may not be even aware of it. Thyroid problems are noticed more commonly in women. Lack of iodine is not the only reason for thyroid disorders. Some thyroid disorders such as Graves Disease and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis are caused by antibodies. Symptoms of thyroid disorders are sometimes easily ignored or mistaken for signs of anxiety. As a result, many a thyroid problem remains undetected and undiagnosed for a long time. The most common thyroid problems occur due to hyperactive or under -active thyroid gland. When the thyroid gland is functioning normally, it is known as euthyroidism.
Overactive thyroid - Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland is in overdrive and secretes excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. This results in increased body metabolism. This is followed by weight loss and excessive warmth and sweating. Persons suffering from overactive thyroid experience trembling hands, irritability and rapid heartbeat or palpitations. Women with overactive thyroid or hyperthyroidism may experience shorter or lighter menstrual periods.
Underactive thyroid - Hypothyroidism symptoms include fatigue and lack of energy. Women suffering from underactive thyroid experience heavier menstrual periods. Sluggishness and forgetfulness are symptoms of under active thyroid problem. Other symptoms of this thyroid disorder are dry skin and hair and constipation.
Thyroid symptoms can be noticed in women anytime from puberty to menopause and later. In fact, thyroid disorders can bring about abnormally late or early onset of puberty. Since an overactive or underactive thyroid gland can affect normal ovulation, women suffering from thyroid disease experience problems of temporary infertility. Symptoms of thyroid problem are noticed in about 5 - 8% of women after childbirth. Many a time, thyroid disorder can cause an early onset of menopause. Symptoms of overactive thyroid disorder are often confused with pre menopause symptoms. Symptoms of underactive thyroid include dry skin and brittle nails and muscle aches and cramps. Depression can also set in. Nearly 20% of chronic cases of depression have been associated with low production of thyroid hormone. Treating thyroid disorders requires just the right amount of medication. Too little thyroid hormone can bring about elevated blood pressure and cholesterol levels. On the other hand, excessive thyroid hormone can increase the risk of bone loss and osteoporosis.
When a thyroid problem is suspected, a thorough medical history and physical examination is conducted. An examination of your neck is done to feel the thyroid gland and any mass on it. Other thyroid tests that might be suggested by a physician are thyroid ultrasound, blood test for thyroid and thyroid scan. Thyroid scans are used to test the presence of nodules and also to measure the size of the gland. A thyroid ultrasound test is used to detect if the nodules are solid or fluid-filled cysts.
This thyroid test will help in accurately measuring the size of the nodules. It aids in fine needle aspiration biopsy. A fine needle aspiration is conducted on the thyroid gland to take samples of tissues to aid diagnosis of any thyroid disease. Sometimes a child is born sans a thyroid gland. In this case, it is necessary to identify and treat this defect so as to prevent any hampering in its growth and development.
There are two main thyroid hormones secreted by the thyroid gland - thyroxine and triiodotyronine. Thyroid hormones play a key role in certain physiological processes such as growth and metabolism as well as cellular differentiation. The thyroid gland produces a hormone known as calcitonin. The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone. These thyroid hormones control calcium and phosphorus homeostasis within the body and affect bone physiology.
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In English: A man of five letters: thief.
I thought this would be a good follow-up to yesterday's post, where I mentioned some Latin word rebuses. Today's saying from Plautus is a word game that cannot be translated directly into English. The Latin says trium litterarum homo, "a man of three letters," and those letters, in Latin, are F-U-R, fur, the word for thief. In trying to render the saying in English, I opted for making the English version about a man of "five letters," T-H-I-E-F.
I have to confess to a personal predilection for these kinds of words games where you become suddenly self-aware of the word as a word, instead of or in addition to its meaning. For example, I love the little riddle in English, "What's round on both ends and high in the middle?" The answer is... OHIO.
Yes, I even like such riddles as "What word is usually spelled incorrectly?" The answer... "Incorrectly." Or this one: "From what word can you take the whole and still leave some?" The answer.... "Wholesome." Or: "How do you make 'one' disappear?" The answer... "Add a 'g' and it's gone."
There are similar kinds of riddles in Latin, too. For example, there is the riddling salutation: mitto tibi navem prora puppique carentem, "I send you a ship lacking stern and bow." The clue is Latin navem, the word for "ship." Take away the prow and the stern of the word, i.e., the first and last letters, and you are left with the traditional Latin salution, ave. This works for "ship" in English, too - take away stern and bow and you get "hi" (thanks to Mike Howard for that one!).
Here's another one! Ego sum principium mundi et finis saeculorum attamen non sum deus, "I am the beginning of the world and the end of the ages, but I am not God." What is the answer? The letter M. It is the beginning of the Latin world, mundi, the end of the Latin ages saeculorum.
Any other favorite riddles about words and letters and spellings? Please feel free to share them here in the comments section!
Meanwhile, here is today's proverb read out loud:
320. Trium litterarum homo: fur.
The number here is the number for this proverb in Latin Via Proverbs: 4000 Proverbs, Mottoes and Sayings for Students of Latin.
If you are reading this via RSS: The Flash audio content is not syndicated via RSS; please visit the Latin Audio Proverbs blog to listen to the audio. You can also hear this saying read aloud at a Polish website: Wladyslawa Kopalinskiego Slownik wyraz?w obcych i zwrot?w obcojezycznych (weblink).
Keep up with the latest posts... Subscribe by Email. I also post a daily round-up of all the Bestiaria Latina blogs: fables, proverbs, crosswords, and audio.
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This post contains some of the best cognitive dissonance quotes.
What Is Cognitive Dissonance?
The American Psychological Association defines cognitive dissonance as “an unpleasant psychological state resulting from inconsistency between two or more elements in a cognitive system.” (source)
For example, you may smoke even though you know you’re hurting yourself, but you try to rationalize your smoking by pointing to how stressful your job is.
Common signs that what you’re feeling could be related to dissonance include:
- Discomfort before doing something or making a decision
- Doing things because of social pressure that you didn’t want to do
- Experiencing guilt or regret about your actions
- Feeling embarrassed or ashamed about your actions or trying to hide your actions from other people
- Trying to justify or rationalize your decisions or actions
Cognitive Dissonance Quotes
1. “The state of cognitive dissonance occurs when people believe that two of their psychological representations are inconsistent with each other. More formally, a pair of cognitions is inconsistent if one cognition follows from the obverse (opposite) of the other. An example will help: A person believes that he should give money to the poor but he passes by an indigent person on the street without contributing money to the man’s cup. These two cognitions are dissonant because not giving money follows from the obverse of his belief. Not giving money follows logically from a belief that one should not contribute to the poor. But, in our example, the person held a belief that did not coincide with his behavior. We can say that the two cognitions were inconsistent or dissonant with each other.” – Joel Cooper
2. “A mind that has no conflict, is not alive.” ― Abhijit Naskar
3. “Anybody who says they don’t have any conflict, is either lying or deluding themselves.” ― Abhijit Naskar
4. “Cognitive dissonance is a ubiquitous phenomenon. We make choices all of the time. Choosing among consumer items was merely a way to assess dissonance in the laboratory. However, in the real world, we make many decisions everyday. At universities, we choose courses to take, courses to teach, books to buy. At home, we choose television programs to watch, vacations to take, and even automobiles to purchase. Each time we make one of those decisions, we are subjected to the experience of cognitive dissonance and we are likely to take action to reduce it.” – Joel Cooper
5. “Does my existence constantly cause cognitive dissonance in you?” ― Et Imperatrix Noctem
6. “Even though you have made a rational choice – the best you could have made in the circumstance – you nonetheless experience the unpleasant emotional state of cognitive dissonance.” – Joel Cooper
7. “If you’ve convinced yourself that a market correction is likely (your belief) to justify holding cash rather than investing (your action), you may be under the influence of cognitive dissonance.” ― Coreen T. Sol
8. “My cognition about my attitude, on the other hand, is more fluid and flexible. If I come to believe that I don’t really support giving money to the poor, then my opinion will have been consistent with my behavior. The cognitive dissonance that was aroused because of the discrepancy between my attitude and my behavior would no longer exist.” – Joel Cooper
9. “One of the brilliant innovations of cognitive dissonance theory was its use of a relatively new concept called ‘cognition.’ A cognition is any ‘piece of knowledge’ a person may have. It can be knowledge of a behavior, knowledge of one’s attitude, or knowledge about the state of the world. Anything that can be thought about is grist for the dissonance mill.” – Joel Cooper
10. “One way of reducing cognitive dissonance was to find something wonderful about the experience that would be consistent with, or justify, the suffering.” – Joel Cooper
11. “So, the magnitude of cognitive dissonance will depend on the degree of discrepancy between the two cognitions. The greater the discrepancy, the greater the discomfort, and the more motivated I will be to reduce it.” – Joel Cooper
12. “The discrepancy between believing the task was boring but saying it was exciting created cognitive dissonance. But dissonance is not just about discrepancy. It is also about cognitions consistent with the behavior.” – Joel Cooper
13. “The holding of two or more inconsistent cognitions arouses the state of cognitive dissonance, which is experienced as uncomfortable tension. This tension has drive-like properties and must be reduced.” – Leon Festinger
14. “The inconsistency between attitude and belief would bring about the unpleasant state of cognitive dissonance.” – Joel Cooper
15. “The more important the discrepant cognitions, the more cognitive dissonance I will experience. The more important the consonant cognitions, the less will be my cognitive dissonance.” – Joel Cooper
16. “You’re upset, partly because the evening did not go well, but also because of the inconsistency between your expectation and your experience. You are suffering from the uncomfortable, unpleasant state of cognitive dissonance.” – Joel Cooper
17. “When there is inconsistency in belief and action (such as being violated by someone who is supposed to love you) our mind has to make an adjustment so that thought and action are aligned. So sometimes the adjustment that the mind makes is for the victim to bring her or his behavior in line with the violator, since the violator cannot be controlled by the victim. Our greatest source of survival is to adapt to our environment. So increasing emotional intimacy with a person who is forcing physical intimacy makes sense in our minds. It resolves cognitive dissonance.” ― Rosenna Bakari
18. “People who think highly of themselves and expect to succeed would suffer dissonance by failing, but people who think poorly of their ability might experience dissonance from success.” – Joel Cooper
19. “Cognitive dissonance was based on an idea of what occurs inside people’s heads. Inconsistent cognitions caused tension, the tension is arousing and experienced as an unpleasant state, and people are driven to reduce it.” – Joel Cooper
20. “We change our attitudes and cognitions at the service of relieving the aversive, uncomfortable arousal state of cognitive dissonance.” – Joel Cooper
21. “In conclusion, if responsibility cannot easily be denied, if the essay-writing behavior was freely chosen and the consequence was foreseeable, then responsibility is accepted, and the state of cognitive dissonance is aroused.” – Joel Cooper
- Portions of this article were adapted from the book Cognitive Dissonance, © 2007 by Joel Cooper. All rights reserved.
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Not only are they aesthetically pleasing being of a delightful greenish hue which blends charmingly with the pine trees as one drives up from the coast (see Previous blog for details) but recent research reveals that they could play an important role in reducing climate change.
Dr Peter Kelemen of Columbia University and others have discovered that enormous quantities of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide can be stored cheaply and permanently and completely safely in this rare rock formation.
Peridotite outcrops appear in just a few places on Earth where the rock has squeezed through the seventy-odd kilometres of the Earth’s mantle to ooze out onto the surface.
The Serrania de Ronda is just such a place and it is comforting to realise that, vast as our global problems seem, there are still solutions being found. This particular one is still in research phase but with great potential.
If you Google “peridotite and carbon dioxide” you will find scholarly articles on the subject.
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Open Market Operations used by Central Bank for Volume Control!
Open market operations imply deliberate direct sales and purchases of securities and bills in the market by the central bank on its own initiative to control the volume of credit.
In a broad sense, open market operations simply imply the purchase or sale by the central bank of any kind of eligible paper like government securities or any other public securities, or trade bills, etc. In practice, however, the term is applied, in most countries, to the purchase or sale of government securities (short-term as well as long-term) only by the central banks.
When the central bank sells securities in the open market, other things being equal, the cash reserves of the commercial banks decrease to the extent that they purchase these securities; by selling securities, the central bank also reduces, other thing being equal, the amount of customers’ deposits with commercial banks to the extent that these customers acquire the securities sold by the central bank.
If effect, the credit-creating base of commercial bank is reduced and hence credit contracts. In short, the open market sale of securities by the central bank leads to a contraction of credit and reduction in the quantity of money in circulation. Conversely, when the central bank purchases securities in the open market, it makes payments to the sellers by cheques drawn on itself, the sellers usually being commercial banks or customers of commercial banks.
The banker’s accounts are credited and, therefore, there is an increase in the commercial banks’ cash reserve (which is the base of credit creation) and as also an increase in the customers’ deposits with commercial banks (which is the principal constituent of money supply.)
In short, open market purchases of securities by the central bank lead to an expansion of credit made possible by strengthening the cash reserves of the banks. Thus, on account of open market operations, the quantity of money in circulation changes. This tends to bring about changes in money rates.
An increase in the supply of money through open market operations causes a downward movement in the money rates, while a decrease of money supply raises money rates. Open market operations, therefore, directly affect the loan-able resources of the banks and the rates of interest. Changes in rates of interest in turn tend to bring about the desired adjustments in the domestic level of prices, costs, production and trade.
In short, the central bank follows a policy of open market selling of securities when contraction of credit is desired, especially during a boom period when the stability of the money market is threatened by the overexpansion of credit by commercial banks. Conversely, during a depression when the money market is tight and expansion of credit is desired, the central bank follows the policy of open market buying of securities.
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Wind Turbines and Impact on Radar Returns
Wind turbines located near a radar installation can significantly interfere with the ability of the radar to operate properly. Remcom has used our tools and expertise in radar scattering to perform a number of government-funded and internal research efforts into the impact that wind turbines and wind farms have on radar returns for Air Traffic Control (ATC) radar, early warning radar, weather radar, and instrumentation radar.
Our work and experience have included:
- Estimation of returns from wind turbines, including Doppler and RCS
- Collaborative work with partners to determine the impact of wind turbine scattering on radar signal processing, aircraft detection, and tracking
- Investigation of the effects of multipath between the tower and blades
- Investigation of the effects of blade shape, material properties, and construction on returns
- Prediction of the loss due to shadowing of aircraft from nearby turbines
In this example, the impacts of a lightning strike on a simplified wind turbine are compared for different strike locations by comparing the magnetic fields created inside the nacelle.
Wind turbines located near a radar installation can significantly interfere with the ability of the radar to operate properly. Remcom has performed a number of research efforts into the impact that wind turbines and wind farms have on radar returns for Air Traffic Control (ATC) radar, early warning radar, weather radar, and instrumentation radar. Highlights of some of these effects and relevant samples and white papers are provided in this brief overview.
Radar scattering from a turbine’s moving blades can interfere with Doppler radar systems, producing ghost images. Understanding the scattering properties of a blade helps to mitigate any potential issues. This study compares the radar cross section of a metal turbine blade, a hollow fiberglass turbine blade, and a hollow fiberglass turbine blade with a metal spar using XFdtd.
Wind turbines located near radar installations can significantly interfere with a radar’s ability to detect its intended targets. Remcom’s XGtd software is a high frequency solver capable of calculating the radar cross section of electrically large objects. In this paper, interference from wind turbines is predicted using XGtd simulations.
This short animation shows predicted RCS from an air traffic control radar with an aircraft flying over a wind farm, before and after the static ground clutter (returns from terrain) are filtered out.
Remcom’s XGtd can simulate the propagation paths of fields interacting with two wind turbines in close proximity. XGtd then generates a movie that shows the directions and magnitudes of the strongest propagation paths, including multipath occurring between the turbines.
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Since 2008, our lab has been working on migration patterns and population dynamics of monarch butterflies. We primarily use stable isotopes in wing chitin to estimate the natal origin of individuals captured throughout the range and over multiple seasons. Our goal with this work is to describe broad-scale connectivity patterns across the eastern breeding range and then integrate this information into year-round predictive population models to understand what limits and regulates migratory monarch butterflies. We have also been involved in a collaborative project to understand the proximate causes of migratory behaviour.
Monarch Butterfly Publications
Wilcox, AE**, Flockhart, DTT, Newman AEM & Norris, DR. 2019. An evaluation of studies on the potential threats contributing to the decline of eastern migratory North American monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus). In press: Frontiers in Ecology & Evolution
Flockhart, DTT*, Larrivee, M, Prudic, KL & Norris, DR. 2019. Estimating the annual distribution of monarch butterflies in Canada over 16 years using citizen science data. In press: Facets
Vander Zanden, HB, Chaffe, CL, Gonzalez-Rodriquez, A, Flockhart, DTT*, Norris, DR & Wayne, ML. 2019. Alternate migration strategies of eastern monarch butterflies revealed by stable isotopes. Animal Migration 5:74-83.
Flockhart, DTT*, Acron, JH, Hobson, KA & Norris, DR. 2019. Documenting successful recruitment of monarch butterflies at the extreme northern edge of their range. Canadian Entomologist 151(1):49-57.
Satterfield, DA, Maerz, JC, Hunter, MD, Flockhart DTT*, Hobson, KA, Norris, DR, Streit, H, de Roode, J, Altizer, S. 2018. Migratory monarchs that encounter resident monarchs show life-history changes and higher rates of parasite infection. Ecology Letters 21(11):1670-1680.
Pitman, G, Flockhart, DTT* & Norris, DR. 2018. Patterns and causes of oviposition in monarch butterflies: implications for milkweed restoration. Biological Conservation 217:54-65.
Flockhart, DTT, Dabydeen, A, Satterfield, D, Hobson, KA, Wassenaar, LI & Norris, DR. 2018.Patterns of parasitism in monarch butterflies during the breeding season in eastern North America. Ecological Entomology 43:28-36.
Flockhart, DTT, Fitz-gerald, B, Brower, LP, Derbyshire, R, Hobson, KA, Wassenaar, LI, Altizer, S & Norris, DR. 2017. Migration distance as a selective episode for wing morphology in a migratory insect. Movement Ecology 5:7.
Flockhart, DTT, Brower, LP, Ramirez, MI, Hobson, KA, Wassenaar, LI, Altizer, S & Norris, DR. 2017. Regional climate on the breeding grounds predicts variation in the natal origin of monarch butterflies overwintering in Mexico over 38 years. Global Change Biology 23:2565-2576.
Flockhart, DTT, Kyser, TK, Chipley, D, Miller, N & Norris, DR. 2015. Applying strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) for tracking wildlife: experimental evidence shows no fractionation between soil, plants, and herbivores. Isotopes in Environmental & Health Studies 51(3): 372-381.
Flockhart, DTT, Pichancourt, JB, Norris, DR & Martin TG. 2015. Unraveling the annual cycle in a migratory animal: breeding-season habitat loss drives declines of monarch butterflies. Journal of Animal Ecology 84: 155-165.
Flockhart, DTT, Wassenaar, LI, Hobson, KA, Martin, TG, Wunder, MB & Norris, DR. 2013. Tracking multi-generational colonization of the breeding grounds by monarch butterflies in eastern North America. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London: Biological Sciences 280 (1768).
Mouritsen, H, Derbyshire, R, Stakkeicken, J, Frost, B, Mouritsen, O & Norris, DR. 2013. An experimental displacement and over 50 years of tagged-recoveries show that monarch butterflies are not true navigators. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 110(18): 7348-7353.
Hanley, D, Miller, N, Flockhart, DTT & Norris, DR. 2013. Forewing pigmentation predicts migration distance in wild-caught migratory monarch butterflies. Behavioural Ecology 24: 1108-1113.
Miller, NG, Wassenaar, LI, Hobson, KA & Norris, DR. 2012. Migratory connectivity in the Monarch butterfly: patterns of spring re-colonization in eastern North America. Public Library of Science, One 3: e39891.
Flockhart, DTT, Martin, TM, & Norris, DR. 2012. Experimental examination of intraspecific density-dependent competition during the breeding period in Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus). Public Library of Science, One 7(9): e45080.
Miller, NG, Wassenaar, LI, Hobson, KA & Norris, DR. 2011. Monarch butterflies cross the Appalachians from the west to re-colonize the North American east coast. Biology Letters 7: 43-46.
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Henrard, Kristin. (2004) The European Convention on Human Rights and the Protection of the Roma as a Controversial Case of Cultural Diversity. EDAP paper, 5/2004. [Working Paper]
The Roma are often the victims of systemic discrimination which is closely related to the prejudices against them and their particular way of life, their own minority identity. When studying to what extent the Roma and their own way of life are protected on the basis of individual human rights in the European Convention on Human Rights, it becomes clear that slowly but surely the European Court of Human Rights acknowledges the vulnerable position of the Roma and their concomitant need of special protection. While significant developments have taken place concerning the preliminary issues of non-discrimination and the protection of physical integrity, the actual protection concerning language rights or educational rights is still rather meagre. Nevertheless, the gradual emergence of a right to an own way of life for Roma and the ensuing positive state obligations might very well enhance the latter incipient protection. The overall tendency of the latest judgements of the Court is to increasingly restrict the margin of appreciation of states, also in the sensitive domain of minority protection.
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One of the mainstays of history survey courses are collections of primary source excerpts that profs assign to supplement the textbook. The excerpts are invariably short, since the only practical way to expose students to a wide array of important primary documents is to cut them up into tiny little bits.
I’ve secretly wondered much students really benefit by reading these little snippets. When it comes to shorter works like the Declaration of Independence, the excerpt system works pretty well. But some longer sources don’t take to dismemberment. How much insight can you really get from a few out-of-context paragraphs of Ben Franklin’s autobiography or the Lincoln-Douglas debates? It’s like driving a golf cart through an art gallery at top speed while trying to catch glimpses of the paintings along the way. You can assign longer selections of fewer works, of course, but that’s a trade-off.
That’s the thing about teaching a survey course. It’s all about trade-offs.
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Peptic Ulcer Disease
Jay W. Marks, MD
Bhupinder Anand, MD
Peptic ulcer facts
- Peptic ulcers are sores in the lining of the stomach or duodenum.
- Peptic ulcer formation is related to H. pylori bacteria in the stomach and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) in 50% of patients. For the remaining 50% there are miscellaneous or unknown causes.
- Ulcer pain may not correlate with the presence or severity of ulceration.
- The main symptom of peptic ulcer is upper abdominal pain which can be dull, sharp, or burning. (Bloating and burping are not symptoms of peptic ulcer, and vomiting, poor appetite, and nausea are uncommon symptoms of peptic ulcer.)
- Diagnosis of ulcer is made with upper GI series or endoscopy.
- Treatment of ulcers involves antibiotic combinations along with stomach acid suppression to eradicate H. pylori, eliminating precipitating factors such as NSAIDs and stomach acid suppression with medications alone .
- Complications of ulcers include bleeding, perforation, and blockage of the stomach (gastric obstruction).
- If a person with peptic ulcers smokes or take NSAIDs, the ulcers may recur after treatment.
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Early Literacy in the Outdoor Classroom
You will love this article I just read on Natural Start Alliance website...
“Will my child be ready for Kindergarten?” As nature-based early childhood programs spring up across the country, this is a common query from interested families. While parents want to offer their children a chance to play outside, some also wonder if searching for bugs and traipsing through puddles will adequately prepare their child for the next stages of formal education.
What is usually meant by “Will my child be ready for Kindergarten?” refers to academic expectations, particularly reading and writing. In our outdoor classroom at Fiddleheads Forest School in Seattle, “walls” are interlacing cedar boughs rather than text-filled bulletin boards, and most winter days are too damp for paper and pencils. It might seem like a challenging environment in which to provide early literacy instruction, but our outdoor setting is also a source of unique opportunity.
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1 Answer | Add Yours
The Korean War was in many ways a logical conclusion of the US policy of containment in the wake of World War II. While this strategy, formally expressed as the Truman Doctrine, had previously applied to Western Europe, the rise of communism in China had made east Asia a strategic priority for the United States, especially as it threatened, they thought, Japan, which was still rebuilding.
So when communist North Korean forces, with at least the implicit approval of the Soviet Union and China, invaded South Korea, Truman felt that intervention was necessary. He thus sent hundreds of thousands of US troops to join the so-called UN "police action." While no war is inevitable, internal politics (Truman feared being painted as "soft on communism") and US geopolitical doctrine made it very difficult to resist intervention on the Korean peninsula.
We’ve answered 302,336 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a question
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The Importance of Efficient Supply Chain Management
Starting with the basics, what is supply chain management? The term refers to a company’s process for managing its inventory and raw materials. This type of management aims to ensure that each customer order can be fulfilled without having any shortages or excesses. It also includes processes for transport, warehousing, production planning, quality control, and more. Supply chain management has become increasingly important in recent years as the economy has grown more globalized and competitive. That said, here is some insight into the importance of having proper supply chain management so you can ensure nothing gets left behind or falls through the cracks!
#1 Reduces operating costs
The first thing to keep in mind is that proper supply chain management can help a business operate more efficiently and effectively by ensuring they have the right supplies to meet their customers’ needs. It also helps the train run more smoothly and keeps the pallet rack in the warehouse filled with the right orders! For example, let’s say you own a restaurant in a large metropolitan area. You want to make sure your employees are prepared, so they don’t run out of ingredients if there is an unexpected spike in demand for certain dishes on any given night.
If they do run low or completely run out of something, it could mean unhappy diners who will leave without paying – which means no tips! In this case, having effective inventory control ensures each customer gets what they want and helps ensure your company makes money every day.
#2 Increases customer satisfaction
Additionally, maintaining an effective supply chain management helps ensure that customers are satisfied with the products or services they receive. Nothing is worse than ordering something online and then having to wait weeks for it to be delivered because there was a delay somewhere along the way!
The lack of satisfaction means people will leave negative reviews, which can harm your company’s reputation in today’s internet-driven society, where many consumers do their research on companies before buying anything from them. Therefore, even if you have all sorts of other great features about your business, such as quality product offerings at reasonable prices, without good customer service, everything else can go out the window.
#3 Maintains the balance between supply and demand
Finally, supply chain management is important because it helps ensure that there is a balance between the amount of products/services you have available and your customers’ demand for those items. This becomes increasingly difficult as companies grow larger since they will inevitably need to rely more heavily on suppliers who may not always be able to meet their needs. Having an effective inventory control system helps ensure you know how much product or service you can offer without having any shortages or excesses.
All in all, managing your company’s supply chain effectively ensures business owners and managers can operate with greater ease and focus on what matters most: satisfying their customers! It also means happier employees who don’t feel like they are constantly running around trying to find things they need just, so the work gets done. Plus, it helps ensure that you don’t get stuck with excess inventory or shortages of any essential items, which could damage your business’s reputation in the long run.
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Christie, Frances and Hanlon, Joseph
Mozambique & the great flood of 2000.
Indiana, USA: Indiana University Press.
Analyzes the effectiveness of Mozambican and international relief efforts.
The devastating rains and floods of early 2000 in southern Mozambique broke all records, killing 700 people, but a remarkable outpouring of domestic and international support saved 50,000 lives and prevented the disaster from turning into a catastrophe. Frances Christie and Joseph Hanlon examine the causes (both natural and human-made) of the floods and the nature of the relief effort. Asking what went right, what went wrong, and what lessons might be learned from this case, they find that the relief effort was largely a success of international cooperation.
Mozambique and the Great Flood of 2000 probes the effectiveness of various forms of aid, the extent of cooperation among agencies and governments, the amount of money raised through international public appeals, the use of relief funds, and the effectiveness of initial efforts at reconstruction. Documenting the experience of the floods, the authors provide important insights for future emergency planning and management in Mozambique and elsewhere.
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"the gap which opened into the cornfield" [STUD]
If you're anywhere near Leicestershire, England, the famed Wistow Maze is a seasonal wonder. And for Sherlockians, it's a must-see this year.
Every year, this maze takes on a different shape. It's one of the country's largest maize mazes, set in 8 acres of living maize and sunflower crop.
This year, to mark the 130th anniversary of the first appearance of Sherlock Holmes in A Study in Scarlet, written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the maze has been designed in the shape of Sherlock Holmes himself, with a 'Whodunnit' themed Quiz Trail hidden among the three miles of pathways.
"I was very much surprised" [HOUN]
A quick word about the connection between corn and Sherlock Holmes. We must admit that we were skeptical that we would find a Canonical quote that would relate to the subject. Certainly, in The Hound of the Baskervilles, there's the mention of "the lodge gates, a maze of fantastic tracery in wrought iron, with weather-bitten pillars on either side," and about 90 instances of the word 'amazement' in the Canon. But we couldn't possibly recall a mention of corn in the Sherlock Holmes stories.
Corn (maize) has its origins in Mexico and is the most widely grown grain crop in the Americas, so we wouldn't expect to see corn to make an appearance in the Canon. And at any rate, when it came to food, Watson seemed to focus his attentions on main courses rather than side dishes. Beef, fish and fowl are typically what we think of along with "a group of ancient and cobwebby bottles" [NOBL] at dinner.
Of the visions of food that Watson brings us, there are but two vegetables which he named: yams / sweet potatoes ("I gave him directions to have several gourds of water and a lot of yams, coconuts, and sweet potatoes" [SIGN]) and peas ("the landlady babbled of green peas at seven-thirty." [3TSU]).
So imagine our joy when we turned the pages of A Study in Scarlet — partially an American story, after all — and found this passage:
"Jefferson Hope had the scanty provisions and water, while Lucy had a small bundle containing a few of her more valued possessions. Opening the window very slowly and carefully, they waited until a dark cloud had somewhat obscured the night, and then one by one passed through into the little garden. With bated breath and crouching figures they stumbled across it, and gained the shelter of the hedge, which they skirted until they came to the gap which opened into the cornfield."
In our business, it doesn't get much more exact than that.
If you do visit the Wistow Maze don't expect to return home with an edible Sherlockian souvenir. As mentioned above, this maze is maize, not sweet corn. Maize is typically used for animal feed.
However, if you really want to stretch a connection, you can always buy yourself a 'Missouri Meerschaum': a corn cob pipe.
Thanks to Karen Murdock for the tip.
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