text
stringlengths 10
3.01k
| source
stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|
Source transformation Process Source_transformation > Process Performing a source transformation consists of using Ohm's law to take an existing voltage source in series with a resistance, and replacing it with a current source in parallel with the same resistance, or vice versa. The transformed sources are considered identical and can be substituted for one another in a circuit.Source transformations are not limited to resistive circuits. They can be performed on a circuit involving capacitors and inductors as well, by expressing circuit elements as impedances and sources in the frequency domain. In general, the concept of source transformation is an application of Thévenin's theorem to a current source, or Norton's theorem to a voltage source.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
N-arachidonoyl glycine Cellular respiration N-arachidonoyl_glycine > Research > Cellular respiration NAGly powerfully stimulates oxygen consumption in multiple cell lines, including murine C2C12 myoblasts and human HEK293T cells. This respiratory bioactivity of NAGly is by increased uncoupled (state4u) mitochondrial respiration and depends on the presence of fatty acid desaturation. NAGly respiration bioactivity can be also abrogated in the presence of serum albumin, which functions as an NAGly carrier in murine blood plasma.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Architectural design optimization Performance-based vs performance-driven optimisation Architectural_design_optimization > Methods of ADO > Performance-based vs performance-driven optimisation For example, a designer will identify an aspect of a buildings performance that they wish to optimise in the concept design phase and interpret the results of localised simulations to complete iterations manually. This is generally less effective, but also less time-consuming, making it an attractive option for projects operating under time constraints. Certain aspects of a buildings performance which are not readily quantifiable, such as aesthetic and cultural performance, may require alternative methods of optimisation.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Gamma-delta T-cell antigen receptor Human non-Vδ2+ T cells Gamma/delta_T_cells > Gene families in different species > Human forms > Human non-Vδ2+ T cells These receptors are expressed almost exclusively by natural killer (NK) cells and play a central role in triggering their activation, but it has been described that γδ T cells can express these receptors. These cells are named NKp46+/Vδ1 IELs. The major outcome of this study is the clinical relevance of this cells, which can be used a prognostic marker in the colorectal cancer (CRC), in order to follow-up its progression. Lower frequencies of NKp46+/Vδ1 IELs in healthy intestinal tissues surrounding the tumor mass, associate with a higher tumor progression and metastasis. It is acknowledged that this subset can control the metastasis, so the higher levels of this population, the less probabilities for the tumor to progress and proliferate to other tissues.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Locality-preserving hashing TLSH Locality_Sensitive_Hashing > Methods > Open source methods > TLSH TLSH is locality-sensitive hashing algorithm designed for a range of security and digital forensic applications. The goal of TLSH is to generate hash digests for messages such that low distances between digests indicate that their corresponding messages are likely to be similar. An implementation of TLSH is available as open-source software.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
GTPase-activating protein Regulation GTPase-activating_protein > Regulation In other words, a downstream target of photoreceptor-induced signaling binds and activates the inhibitor of signaling, GAP. This positive regulatory binding of downstream targets to GAP serves as a negative feedback loop that eventually turns off the signaling that was originally activated. GAPs are regulated by targets of the G protein that they regulate.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Input–output model Further research Input–output_model > Basic derivation > Further research There is extensive literature on these models. The model has been extended to work with non-linear relationships between sectors. There is the Hawkins–Simon condition on producibility. There has been research on disaggregation to clustered inter-industry flows, and on the study of constellations of industries. A great deal of empirical work has been done to identify coefficients, and data has been published for the national economy as well as for regions. The Leontief system can be extended to a model of general equilibrium; it offers a method of decomposing work done at a macro level.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Aerobic respiration Fermentation Plant_respiration > Fermentation In the absence of oxygen, fermentation prevents the buildup of NADH in the cytoplasm and provides NAD+ for glycolysis. This waste product varies depending on the organism. In skeletal muscles, the waste product is lactic acid.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Applied philosophy Medical ethics Applied_philosophy > Applied moral philosophy > Medical ethics Medical ethics can be traced back to the Hippocratic Oath in 500 B.C.E., making it the oldest sub-discipline of bioethics. Medical ethics concerns itself with questions of what one ought to do in particular moral situations arising in medical contexts. There are a number of key issues in medical ethics, such as end-of-life and beginning-of-life debates, physician-patient relationships, and adequate healthcare accessibility.The abortion debate remains one of the most widely discussed issues in medical ethics, which concerns the conditions under which an abortion is morally permissible, if any. Thomson (1971) revolutionized philosophical understanding of issues in the abortion debate, by questioning the widespread belief that because a fetus is a person, that it is morally wrong to kill them.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Orientational analysis Huntley's extensions Dimension_(physical_quantity) > Geometry: position vs. displacement > Huntley's extensions Huntley has pointed out that a dimensional analysis can become more powerful by discovering new independent dimensions in the quantities under consideration, thus increasing the rank m {\displaystyle m} of the dimensional matrix.He introduced two approaches: The magnitudes of the components of a vector are to be considered dimensionally independent. For example, rather than an undifferentiated length dimension L, we may have Lx represent dimension in the x-direction, and so forth. This requirement stems ultimately from the requirement that each component of a physically meaningful equation (scalar, vector, or tensor) must be dimensionally consistent. Mass as a measure of the quantity of matter is to be considered dimensionally independent from mass as a measure of inertia.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Osimertinib Adverse effects Osimertinib > Adverse effects Very common (greater than 10% of clinical trial subjects) adverse effects include diarrhea, stomatitis, rashes, dry or itchy skin, infections where finger or toenails abut skin, low platelet counts, low leukocyte counts, and low neutrophil counts.Common (between 1% and 10% of clinical trial subjects) adverse effects include interstitial lung disease.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Mir-278 microRNA precursor family Mis- and altered expression in Drosophila Mir-278_microRNA_precursor_family > Mis- and altered expression in Drosophila miR-278 affects energy metabolism in the Drosophila melanogaster species. Elevated insulin production has been observed in miR-278 mutants, due to insulin resistance in the absence of this microRNA. miR-278 is now known to act through regulation of the expanded gene transcript, and most likely through further miR-278 targets as well.Misexpression in the developing eye has been found to result in overgrowth, partially through apoptotic inhibition. There is a single base substitution which blocks the gain-of-function phenotype, indicating the acquisition of novel functions by misexpressed miRNAs which bring about unscheduled cell proliferation in vivo. This is reflective of a microRNA potential in the promotion of tumour formation.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Idealized greenhouse model Additional bibliography Idealized_greenhouse_model > Additional bibliography ISBN 978-3-527-40503-9. Petty, Grant W. (2006).
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
H-theorem Boltzmann's H theorem H-theorem > Boltzmann's H theorem Boltzmann considered what happens during the collision between two particles. It is a basic fact of mechanics that in the elastic collision between two particles (such as hard spheres), the energy transferred between the particles varies depending on initial conditions (angle of collision, etc.). Boltzmann made a key assumption known as the Stosszahlansatz (molecular chaos assumption), that during any collision event in the gas, the two particles participating in the collision have 1) independently chosen kinetic energies from the distribution, 2) independent velocity directions, 3) independent starting points.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Homology group Generalization Homology_theory > Background > Generalization Homology groups are finitely generated abelian groups, and homology classes are elements of these groups. The Betti numbers of the manifold are the rank of the free part of the homology group, and the non-orientable cycles are described by the torsion part. The subsequent spread of homology groups brought a change of terminology and viewpoint from "combinatorial topology" to "algebraic topology". Algebraic homology remains the primary method of classifying manifolds.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Contributions of Leonhard Euler to mathematics Analysis Contributions_of_Leonhard_Euler_to_mathematics > Analysis Euler frequently used the logarithmic functions as a tool in analysis problems, and discovered new ways by which they could be used. He discovered ways to express various logarithmic functions in terms of power series, and successfully defined logarithms for complex and negative numbers, thus greatly expanding the scope where logarithms could be applied in mathematics. Most researchers in the field long held the view that log ( x ) = log ( − x ) {\displaystyle \log(x)=\log(-x)} for any positive real x {\displaystyle x} since by using the additivity property of logarithms 2 log ( − x ) = log ( ( − x ) 2 ) = log ( x 2 ) = 2 log ( x ) {\displaystyle 2\log(-x)=\log((-x)^{2})=\log(x^{2})=2\log(x)} .
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Cycle efficiency Enhancements Cycle_efficiency > Enhancements Engineers have studied the various heat-engine cycles to improve the amount of usable work they could extract from a given power source. The Carnot cycle limit cannot be reached with any gas-based cycle, but engineers have found at least two ways to bypass that limit and one way to get better efficiency without bending any rules: Increase the temperature difference in the heat engine. The simplest way to do this is to increase the hot side temperature, which is the approach used in modern combined-cycle gas turbines. Unfortunately, physical limits (such as the melting point of the materials used to build the engine) and environmental concerns regarding NOx production (if the heat source is combustion with ambient air) restrict the maximum temperature on workable heat-engines.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Converse (logic) Converse of a theorem Converse_(logic) > Implicational converse > Converse of a theorem In mathematics, the converse of a theorem of the form P → Q will be Q → P. The converse may or may not be true, and even if true, the proof may be difficult. For example, the Four-vertex theorem was proved in 1912, but its converse was proved only in 1997.In practice, when determining the converse of a mathematical theorem, aspects of the antecedent may be taken as establishing context. That is, the converse of "Given P, if Q then R" will be "Given P, if R then Q". For example, the Pythagorean theorem can be stated as: Given a triangle with sides of length a {\displaystyle a} , b {\displaystyle b} , and c {\displaystyle c} , if the angle opposite the side of length c {\displaystyle c} is a right angle, then a 2 + b 2 = c 2 {\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}} . The converse, which also appears in Euclid's Elements (Book I, Proposition 48), can be stated as: Given a triangle with sides of length a {\displaystyle a} , b {\displaystyle b} , and c {\displaystyle c} , if a 2 + b 2 = c 2 {\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}} , then the angle opposite the side of length c {\displaystyle c} is a right angle.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Regulation of gastric function Chain of events Phases_of_digestion > Phases > Cephalic phase > Chain of events Sensory stimuli from food activate dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve in the medulla (activating the parasympathetic nervous system). Insulin induced hypoglycemia also stimulates the vagus nerve. This results in four distinct physiological events. 1) In the body of the stomach, the vagal postganglionic muscarinic nerves release acetylcholine(ACh) which stimulates parietal cell H+ secretion.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Apache Hive Architecture Apache_Hive > Architecture It stores the necessary metadata generated during the execution of a HiveQL statement. The driver also acts as a collection point of data or query results obtained after the Reduce operation. Compiler: Performs compilation of the HiveQL query, which converts the query to an execution plan.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Algorithm art Types Computer-generated_art > Algorists > Types Non-fractal imagery may also be integrated into the artwork.Genetic or evolutionary art makes use of genetic algorithms to develop images iteratively, selecting at each "generation" according to a rule defined by the artist.Algorithmic art is not only produced by computers. Wendy Chun explains: Software is unique in its status as metaphor for metaphor itself. As A universal imitator/machine, it encapsulates a logic of general substitutability; a logic of ordering and creative, animating disordering.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
International Ultraviolet Explorer Motivation International_Ultraviolet_Explorer > History > Motivation This makes it impossible to observe UV emission from astronomical objects from the ground. Many types of object emit copious quantities of UV radiation, though: the hottest and most massive stars in the universe can have surface temperatures high enough that the vast majority of their light is emitted in the UV. Active Galactic Nuclei, accretion disks, and supernovae all emit UV radiation strongly, and many chemical elements have strong absorption lines in the UV, so that UV absorption by the interstellar medium provides a powerful tool for studying its composition.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Thrust-to-weight ratio Propeller-driven aircraft Thrust-to-weight_ratio > Aircraft > Propeller-driven aircraft For propeller-driven aircraft, the thrust-to-weight ratio can be calculated as follows: T W = 550 η p V hp W {\displaystyle {\frac {T}{W}}={\frac {550\eta _{p}}{V}}{\frac {\text{hp}}{\text{W}}}} where η p {\displaystyle \eta _{p}\;} is propulsive efficiency (typically 0.8), h p {\displaystyle hp\;} is the engine's shaft horsepower, and V {\displaystyle V\;} is true airspeed in feet per second.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Electrical contact resistance Summary Electrical_contact_resistance The term contact resistance refers to the contribution to the total resistance of a system which can be attributed to the contacting interfaces of electrical leads and connections as opposed to the intrinsic resistance. This effect is described by the term electrical contact resistance (ECR) and arises as the result of the limited areas of true contact at an interface and the presence of resistive surface films or oxide layers. ECR may vary with time, most often decreasing, in a process known as resistance creep.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
GNU Circuit Analysis Package Summary GNU_Circuit_Analysis_Package It performs nonlinear DC and transient analysis, Fourier analysis, and AC analysis linearized at an operating point. It is fully interactive and command driven.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Belief filter In robotics Sequential_bayesian_filtering > In robotics A Bayes filter is an algorithm used in computer science for calculating the probabilities of multiple beliefs to allow a robot to infer its position and orientation. Essentially, Bayes filters allow robots to continuously update their most likely position within a coordinate system, based on the most recently acquired sensor data. This is a recursive algorithm.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Double-layer capacitance Capacitance Double-layer_capacitance > Capacitance These are electrically connected via the electrolyte, a mixture of positive and negative ions dissolved in a solvent such as water. Where the liquid electrolyte contacts the electrode's conductive metallic surface, an interface is formed which represents a common boundary between the two phases of matter. It is at this interface that the double layer effect occurs.When a voltage is applied to the capacitor, two layers of polarized ions are generated at the electrode interfaces.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Heat Engine Endo-reversible heat-engines Heat_Engine > Efficiency > Endo-reversible heat-engines A classical example is the Curzon–Ahlborn engine, very similar to a Carnot engine, but where the thermal reservoirs at temperature T h {\displaystyle T_{h}} and T c {\displaystyle T_{c}} are allowed to be different from the temperatures of the substance going through the reversible Carnot cycle: T h ′ {\displaystyle T'_{h}} and T c ′ {\displaystyle T'_{c}} . The heat transfers between the reservoirs and the substance are considered as conductive (and irreversible) in the form d Q h , c / d t = α ( T h , c − T h , c ′ ) {\displaystyle dQ_{h,c}/dt=\alpha (T_{h,c}-T'_{h,c})} . In this case, a tradeoff has to be made between power output and efficiency. If the engine is operated very slowly, the heat flux is low, T ≈ T ′ {\displaystyle T\approx T'} and the classical Carnot result is found η = 1 − T c T h {\displaystyle \eta =1-{\frac {T_{c}}{T_{h}}}} ,but at the price of a vanishing power output. If instead one chooses to operate the engine at its maximum output power, the efficiency becomes η = 1 − T c T h {\displaystyle \eta =1-{\sqrt {\frac {T_{c}}{T_{h}}}}} (Note: T in units of K or °R)This model does a better job of predicting how well real-world heat-engines can do (Callen 1985, see also endoreversible thermodynamics): As shown, the Curzon–Ahlborn efficiency much more closely models that observed.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Glossary of experimental design Glossary Glossary_of_experimental_design > Glossary Scaling factor levels: Transforming factor levels so that the high value becomes +1 and the low value becomes -1. Screening design: A designed experiment that identifies which of many factors have a significant effect on the response. Note: Typically screening designs have more than 5 factors.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Earthing system Other terminologies TT_earthing_system > Low-voltage systems > Other terminologies While the national wiring regulations for buildings of many countries follow the IEC 60364 terminology, in North America (United States and Canada), the term "equipment grounding conductor" refers to equipment grounds and ground wires on branch circuits, and "grounding electrode conductor" is used for conductors bonding an Earth/Ground rod, electrode or similar to a service panel. The "local" Earth/Ground electrode provides "system grounding" at each building where it is installed. The "Grounded" current carrying conductor is the system "neutral".
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Anti-de Sitter space Spacetime in general relativity Anti-de_Sitter_spacetime > Non-technical explanation > Spacetime in general relativity General relativity is a theory of the nature of time, space and gravity in which gravity is a curvature of space and time that results from the presence of matter or energy. Energy and mass are equivalent (as expressed in the equation E = mc2). Space and time values can be converted into time or space units by multiplying or dividing the value by the speed of light (e.g., seconds times meters per second equals meters). A common analogy involves the way that a dip in a flat sheet of rubber, caused by a heavy object sitting on it, influences the path taken by small objects rolling nearby, causing them to deviate inward from the path they would have followed had the heavy object been absent.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Microsuction tape Summary Microsuction_tape If contact surface area is reduced (at the same gravity force acting on the object laid on the tape), both contact pressure (stress component normal to the contact surface) and specific traction (shear stress - tangential component) increase proportionally, which yields similar (not reduced) friction force. Other approaches are also considered for devices with similar function, such as those inspired by animals that are capable of scaling vertical walls and ceilings, e.g. geckos, tree frogs and some insects. See sticky pad and gecko tape for more detailed information.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Annular form In other p-norms Circle_(geometry) > In other p-norms Defining a circle as the set of points with a fixed distance from a point, different shapes can be considered circles under different definitions of distance. In p-norm, distance is determined by In Euclidean geometry, p = 2, giving the familiar In taxicab geometry, p = 1. Taxicab circles are squares with sides oriented at a 45° angle to the coordinate axes. While each side would have length 2 r {\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}r} using a Euclidean metric, where r is the circle's radius, its length in taxicab geometry is 2r.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Dot-decimal notation Summary Dot-decimal_notation Dot-decimal notation is a presentation format for numerical data. It consists of a string of decimal numbers, using the full stop (dot) as a separation character.A common use of dot-decimal notation is in information technology where it is a method of writing numbers in octet-grouped base-10 (decimal) numbers. In computer networking, Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) addresses are commonly written using the quad-dotted notation of four decimal integers, ranging from 0 to 255 each.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator Design Radioisotopic_Thermoelectric_Generator > Design If they are connected to each other in a closed loop and the two junctions are at different temperatures, an electric current will flow in the loop. Typically a large number of thermocouples are connected in series to generate a higher voltage. RTGs and fission reactors use very different nuclear reactions.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Glossary of engineering: M–Z T Glossary_of_engineering:_M–Z > T It is a type of polyphase system and is the most common method used by electrical grids worldwide to transfer power. It is also used to power large motors and other heavy loads. TorqueIn physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Mind-body dichotomy Mind–body interaction and mental causation Mind/body_problem > Mind–body interaction and mental causation Philosophers David L. Robb and John F. Heil introduce mental causation in terms of the mind–body problem of interaction: Mind–body interaction has a central place in our pretheoretic conception of agency. Indeed, mental causation often figures explicitly in formulations of the mind–body problem. Some philosophers insist that the very notion of psychological explanation turns on the intelligibility of mental causation. If your mind and its states, such as your beliefs and desires, were causally isolated from your bodily behavior, then what goes on in your mind could not explain what you do.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Outline of computer programming Comparisons of individual languages Outline_of_computer_programming > Programming languages > Comparisons of programming languages > Comparisons of individual languages Java and .NET platforms ALGOL 58's influence on ALGOL 60 ALGOL 60: Comparisons with other languages Comparison of ALGOL 68 and C++ ALGOL 68: Comparisons with other languages Compatibility of C and C++ Comparison of Pascal and Borland Delphi Comparison of Object Pascal and C Comparison of Pascal and C Comparison of Java and C++ Comparison of C# and Java Comparison of C# and Visual Basic .NET Comparison of Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Science of Logic B. Specifying Measure Science_of_Logic > Objective Logic: Doctrine of Being > Measure > Specific Quantity > B. Specifying Measure This Measure necessarily involves variable magnitudes since the Qualitatively distinct ways in which different things relate to Quantity can only be registered in their respective rates of increase or decrease relative to each other. Further, in order for each side of the ratio to fully reflect the distinctiveness of the Quality it represents, both sides must be Quantitatively self-related, i.e., take the form of powers as in the case of the Ratio of Powers explicated above. EXAMPLE: Velocity is the ratio of space’s relation to time: v = d t .
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
No communication theorem Formulation No_communication_theorem > Formulation The proof of the theorem is commonly illustrated for the setup of Bell tests in which two observers Alice and Bob perform local observations on a common bipartite system, and uses the statistical machinery of quantum mechanics, namely density states and quantum operations.Alice and Bob perform measurements on system S whose underlying Hilbert space is It is also assumed that everything is finite-dimensional to avoid convergence issues. The state of the composite system is given by a density operator on H. Any density operator σ on H is a sum of the form: where Ti and Si are operators on HA and HB respectively. For the following, it is not required to assume that Ti and Si are state projection operators: i.e. they need not necessarily be non-negative, nor have a trace of one. That is, σ can have a definition somewhat broader than that of a density matrix; the theorem still holds.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Ocean currents Causes Ocean_Flow > Causes Ocean dynamics define and describe the motion of water within the oceans. Ocean temperature and motion fields can be separated into three distinct layers: mixed (surface) layer, upper ocean (above the thermocline), and deep ocean. Ocean currents are measured in units of sverdrup (sv), where 1 sv is equivalent to a volume flow rate of 1,000,000 m3 (35,000,000 cu ft) per second.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Information-centric networking Summary Information-centric_networking Information-centric networking (ICN) is an approach to evolve the Internet infrastructure away from a host-centric paradigm, based on perpetual connectivity and the end-to-end principle, to a network architecture in which the focal point is identified information (or content or data). Some of the application areas of ICN are in web applications, multimedia streaming, the Internet of Things, Wireless Sensor Networks and Vehicular networks and emerging applications such as social networks, Industrial IoTs.In this paradigm, connectivity may well be intermittent, end-host and in-network storage can be capitalized upon transparently, as bits in the network and on data storage devices have exactly the same value, mobility and multi access are the norm and anycast, multicast, and broadcast are natively supported. Data becomes independent from location, application, storage, and means of transportation, enabling in-network caching and replication.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Quasi-experimental design Design types Quasi-experimental_design > Design types These are the studies done to people who had something sudden happen to them. This could mean good or bad, traumatic or euphoric. An example of this could be studies done on those who have been in a car accident and those who have not. Car accidents occur naturally, so it would not be ethical to stage experiments to traumatize subjects in the study. These naturally occurring events have proven to be useful for studying posttraumatic stress disorder cases.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Chemical shift anisotropy Summary Chemical_Shift In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the chemical shift is the resonant frequency of an atomic nucleus relative to a standard in a magnetic field. Often the position and number of chemical shifts are diagnostic of the structure of a molecule. Chemical shifts are also used to describe signals in other forms of spectroscopy such as photoemission spectroscopy.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
ArcGIS Explorer ArcGIS Pro ArcGIS_Explorer > Product history > ArcGIS Pro Link analysis uses link charts to visualize the network. Link charts represent the objects in a network using nodes and these nodes can be people, buildings, or devices. Objects are usually moving such as people or vehicles, and link charts show how they interact with each other over both space and time.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Animal experiment Pure research Animal_experiment > Research classification > Pure research For some species, behavioral research is combined with enrichment strategies for animals in captivity because it allows them to engage in a wider range of activities. Breeding experiments to study evolution and genetics. Laboratory mice, flies, fish, and worms are inbred through many generations to create strains with defined characteristics.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Lactose operon Lactose analogs Lac_operon > Regulation > Lactose analogs TMG can reduce growth rates at high extracellular concentrations. Other compounds serve as colorful indicators of β-galactosidase activity.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
31 (number) In mathematics 31_(number) > In mathematics On the other hand, the thirty-first triangular number is the perfect number 496, of the form 2(5 − 1)(25 − 1) by the Euclid-Euler theorem. 31 is also a primorial prime like its twin prime (29), as well as both a lucky prime and a happy number like its dual permutable prime in decimal (13). 31 is the 11th and final consecutive supersingular prime.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Sample complexity Restricted hypothesis space: finite sample-complexity Sample_complexity > Restricted hypothesis space: finite sample-complexity This trade-off leads to the concept of regularization.It is a theorem from VC theory that the following three statements are equivalent for a hypothesis space H {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}}: H {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}} is PAC-learnable. The VC dimension of H {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}} is finite. H {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}} is a uniform Glivenko-Cantelli class.This gives a way to prove that certain hypothesis spaces are PAC learnable, and by extension, learnable.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Maternal effect Maternal diet and environment influence epigenetic effects Maternal_effect > Maternal diet and environment influence epigenetic effects Related to adaptive maternal effects are epigenetic effects. Epigenetics is the study of long lasting changes in gene expression that are produced by modifications to chromatin instead of changes in DNA sequence, as is seen in DNA mutation. This "change" refers to DNA methylation, histone acetylation, or the interaction of non-coding RNAs with DNA. DNA methylation is the addition of methyl groups to the DNA.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Adrenal glands Summary Suprarenal_gland Mineralocorticoids (such as aldosterone) produced in the zona glomerulosa help in the regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte balance. The glucocorticoids cortisol and cortisone are synthesized in the zona fasciculata; their functions include the regulation of metabolism and immune system suppression. The innermost layer of the cortex, the zona reticularis, produces androgens that are converted to fully functional sex hormones in the gonads and other target organs.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Social epidemiology Summary Social_epidemiology While epidemiology is "the study of the distribution and determinants of states of health in populations", social epidemiology is "that branch of epidemiology concerned with the way that social structures, institutions, and relationships influence health." This research includes "both specific features of, and pathways by which, societal conditions affect health".Although health research is often organized by disease categories or organ systems, theoretical development in social epidemiology is typically organized around factors that influence health (i.e., health determinants rather than health outcomes). Many social factors are thought to be relevant for a wide range of health domains. Social epidemiology can therefore address any health outcome, including chronic disease, infectious disease, mental health, and clinical outcomes or disease prognosis.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Concurrent language Summary Parallel_execution_units Parallel computers can be roughly classified according to the level at which the hardware supports parallelism, with multi-core and multi-processor computers having multiple processing elements within a single machine, while clusters, MPPs, and grids use multiple computers to work on the same task. Specialized parallel computer architectures are sometimes used alongside traditional processors, for accelerating specific tasks. In some cases parallelism is transparent to the programmer, such as in bit-level or instruction-level parallelism, but explicitly parallel algorithms, particularly those that use concurrency, are more difficult to write than sequential ones, because concurrency introduces several new classes of potential software bugs, of which race conditions are the most common. Communication and synchronization between the different subtasks are typically some of the greatest obstacles to getting optimal parallel program performance. A theoretical upper bound on the speed-up of a single program as a result of parallelization is given by Amdahl's law, which states that it is limited by the fraction of time for which the parallelization can be utilised.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Size effect Summary Size_effect_on_structural_strength According to the classical theories of elastic or plastic structures made from a material with non-random strength (ft), the nominal strength (σN) of a structure is independent of the structure size (D) when geometrically similar structures are considered. Any deviation from this property is called the size effect. For example, conventional strength of materials predicts that a large beam and a tiny beam will fail at the same stress if they are made of the same material. In the real world, because of size effects, a larger beam will fail at a lower stress than a smaller beam.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Secure transmission Web-based secure transmission Secure_transmission > Web-based secure transmission Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), are cryptographic protocols that provide secure communications on the Internet for such things as web browsing, e-mail, Internet faxing, instant messaging and other data transfers. There are slight differences between SSL and TLS, but they are substantially the same. == References ==
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Graph (function) Summary Surface_plot_(mathematics) In the simplest case one variable is plotted as a function of another, typically using rectangular axes; see Plot (graphics) for details. A graph of a function is a special case of a relation. In the modern foundations of mathematics, and, typically, in set theory, a function is actually equal to its graph.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Epigenetic regulation of neurogenesis miRNAs Epigenetic_regulation_of_neurogenesis > Adult neurogenesis > miRNAs A number of specific miRNAs have been implicated as agents of epigenetic regulation in adult neurogenesis. miR-9 targets the nuclear receptor TLX in adult neurogenesis to promote neural differentiation and inhibit neural stem cell proliferation. It also influences neuronal subtype specification and regulates axonal growth, branching, and targeting in the central nervous system through interactions with HES1, a neural stem cell homeostasis molecule.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Abstract base class Class vs. type Abstract_base_class > Class vs. type In its most casual usage, people often refer to the "class" of an object, but narrowly speaking objects have type: the interface, namely the types of member variables, the signatures of member functions (methods), and properties these satisfy. At the same time, a class has an implementation (specifically the implementation of the methods), and can create objects of a given type, with a given implementation. In the terms of type theory, a class is an implementation—a concrete data structure and collection of subroutines—while a type is an interface. Different (concrete) classes can produce objects of the same (abstract) type (depending on type system); for example, the type Stack might be implemented with two classes – SmallStack (fast for small stacks, but scales poorly) and ScalableStack (scales well but high overhead for small stacks).
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Elastic Limit Definition Yield_(engineering) > Definition For most practical engineering uses, R p0.2 {\displaystyle R_{\text{p0.2}}} is multiplied by a factor of safety to obtain a lower value of the offset yield point. High strength steel and aluminum alloys do not exhibit a yield point, so this offset yield point is used on these materials. Upper and lower yield points Some metals, such as mild steel, reach an upper yield point before dropping rapidly to a lower yield point. The material response is linear up until the upper yield point, but the lower yield point is used in structural engineering as a conservative value. If a metal is only stressed to the upper yield point, and beyond, Lüders bands can develop.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Burrows–Abadi–Needham logic Basic rules Burrows–Abadi–Needham_logic > Basic rules If P believes (Q has jurisdiction over X) and P believes (Q believes X), then P believes X There are several other technical postulates having to do with composition of messages. For example, if P believes that Q said , the concatenation of X and Y, then P also believes that Q said X, and P also believes that Q said Y.Using this notation, the assumptions behind an authentication protocol can be formalized. Using the postulates, one can prove that certain agents believe that they can communicate using certain keys. If the proof fails, the point of failure usually suggests an attack which compromises the protocol.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Multigrid methods Summary Multigrid_method In contrast to other methods, multigrid methods are general in that they can treat arbitrary regions and boundary conditions. They do not depend on the separability of the equations or other special properties of the equation. They have also been widely used for more-complicated non-symmetric and nonlinear systems of equations, like the Lamé equations of elasticity or the Navier-Stokes equations.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Dicloxacillin Summary Dicloxacillin Dicloxacillin is a narrow-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class. It is used to treat infections caused by susceptible (non-resistant) Gram-positive bacteria. It is active against beta-lactamase-producing organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, which would otherwise be resistant to most penicillins. Dicloxacillin is available under a variety of trade names including Diclocil (BMS).It was patented in 1961 and approved for medical use in 1968. It is available as a generic medication.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Mutational meltdown Explanation Mutational_meltdown > Explanation The mechanism behind mutational meltdown is that a spontaneous deleterious mutation is introduced and after some time is eventually fixed into the population. This, in turn, leads to an accumulation in small populations where the growth rate as well as the population size both decrease. This, in consequence, allows the mutation to accumulate new deleterious alleles into the population until it is eventually extinct. In more detail, the accumulation of mutations in small populations can be divided into three phases.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Teloblast Developmental role and morphology Teloblast > Developmental role and morphology All teloblasts are specified from the D quadrant macromere after the second round of divisions post-fertilization. There are five pairs of teloblasts, one on each side of the embryo. Four of the teloblasts (N, O, P, and Q) give rise to ectodermal tissue and one pair (M) gives rise to mesodermal tissue. The column of blast cells arising out of each teloblast is known as a bandlet.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
James B. Anderson Quantum Monte Carlo James_B._Anderson > Selected publications > Quantum Monte Carlo (1992). "An Accurate Monte Carlo Calculation of the Barrier Height for the Reaction H + H2 → H2 + H". Science.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Tiotropium bromide Adverse effects Tiotropium_bromide > Adverse effects Adverse effects are mainly related to its antimuscarinic effects. Common adverse drug reactions (≥1% of people) include: dry mouth and/or throat irritation. Rarely (<0.1% of patients) treatment is associated with: urinary retention, constipation, acute angle closure glaucoma, palpitations (notably supraventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation) and allergy (rash, angioedema, anaphylaxis). A 2006 review found the increase in bronchospasm was small and did not reach statistical significance.Data regarding some serious side effects is mixed as of 2020.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Integer sorting Models of computation Integer_sorting > General considerations > Models of computation This ability allows certain complex operations on data to be implemented quickly using table lookups. In contrast, in the pointer machine model, read and write operations use addresses stored in pointers, and it is not allowed to perform arithmetic operations on these pointers. In both models, data values may be added, and bitwise Boolean operations and binary shift operations may typically also be performed on them, in unit time per operation.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Dawkins vs. Gould Part III—The View from Harvard (Gould) Dawkins_vs._Gould > Synopsis > Part III—The View from Harvard (Gould) 91) Similarly with complexity. While complexity has increased over time, it is misleading to see this simply as a trend towards increased complexity, from simple organisms such as bacteria to complex organisms such as us. Rather, the distance from the least to the most complex living organism has increased.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Living cationic polymerization Basics Living_cationic_polymerization > Basics Common monomers are vinyl ethers, alpha-methyl vinyl ethers, isobutene, styrene, methylstyrene and N-vinylcarbazole. The monomer is nucleophilic and substituents should be able to stabilize a positive carbocationic charge. For example, para-methoxystyrene is more reactive than styrene itself.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Real-time raytracing What happens in nature (simplified) Ray-tracing_(graphics) > Detailed description of ray tracing computer algorithm and its genesis > What happens in nature (simplified) A surface may absorb part of the light ray, resulting in a loss of intensity of the reflected and/or refracted light. It might also reflect all or part of the light ray, in one or more directions. If the surface has any transparent or translucent properties, it refracts a portion of the light beam into itself in a different direction while absorbing some (or all) of the spectrum (and possibly altering the color).
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Temporal Difference Learning In neuroscience Temporal-difference_learning > In neuroscience When this is paired with a stimulus that accurately reflects a future reward, the error can be used to associate the stimulus with the future reward. Dopamine cells appear to behave in a similar manner. In one experiment measurements of dopamine cells were made while training a monkey to associate a stimulus with the reward of juice.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Number systems Algebraic, irrational and transcendental numbers Number > Subclasses of the complex numbers > Algebraic, irrational and transcendental numbers Algebraic numbers are those that are a solution to a polynomial equation with integer coefficients. Real numbers that are not rational numbers are called irrational numbers. Complex numbers which are not algebraic are called transcendental numbers. The algebraic numbers that are solutions of a monic polynomial equation with integer coefficients are called algebraic integers.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
RAD1 homolog Meiosis RAD1_homolog > Function > Meiosis An alternative, but inaccurate, mechanism for repairing double-strand breaks is non-homologous end joining. In the rice plant, the 9-1-1 complex promotes accurate meiotic recombination by suppressing the alternative process of non-homologous end joining.During mammalian meiosis 9-1-1 complexes promote synapsis of homologous chromosomes. Testis-specific disruption of RAD1 in mice results in defective double-strand break repair, depletion of germ cells and infertility.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Elastic Modulus Types of elastic modulus Elasticity_modulus > Types of elastic modulus Specifying how stress and strain are to be measured, including directions, allows for many types of elastic moduli to be defined. The four primary ones are: Young's modulus (E) describes tensile and compressive elasticity, or the tendency of an object to deform along an axis when opposing forces are applied along that axis; it is defined as the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain. It is often referred to simply as the elastic modulus. The shear modulus or modulus of rigidity (G or μ {\displaystyle \mu \,} Lamé second parameter) describes an object's tendency to shear (the deformation of shape at constant volume) when acted upon by opposing forces; it is defined as shear stress over shear strain.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Infrared gas analyzer Principles of Operation Infrared_gas_analyzer > Principles of Operation One contains a reference gas and one will contain the gas to be analyzed. Between the infrared source and the cells is a modulator which interrupts the beams of energy. The output from each detector is combined with the output from any other detector which is measuring a signal opposite to the principal signal of each detector.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Reaction inhibitor Examples Reaction_inhibitor > Examples Added acetanilide slows the decomposition of drug-store hydrogen peroxide solution, inhibiting the reaction2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2, which is catalyzed by heat, light, and impurities.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Ouvrage Boussois Summary Ouvrage_Boussois Ouvrage Boussois is a petit ouvrage of the Maginot Line, built as part of the "New Fronts" program to address shortcomings in the Line's coverage of the border with Belgium. Like the other three ouvrages near Maubeuge, it is built on an old Séré de Rivières fortification, near the town of Boussois. The fortification surrendered to the Germans twice, in the First World War on 6 September 1914, and in the Second World War on 22 May 1940. The site is now abandoned.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system Pathological and clinical definitions Idiopathic_inflammatory_demyelinating_diseases > Controversy for the definition > Pathological and clinical definitions Both diagnosis are correct even though the definition has not (apparently) changed. According to some pathologists, a pathological definition is required because clinical definitions have problems with differential diagnosis and they always use a pathological definition on articles about post-mortem retrospective diagnosis, but for practitioners that need a diagnosis as soon as possible MS is often regarded as a pure clinical entity, defined simply by a positive result in the standard clinical case definition being then named "clinically definite MS" (CDMS, Poser) or simply "MS" (McDonald).Both definitions lead to different results. For example, confluent subpial cortical lesions are the most specific finding for MS, being exclusively present in MS patients. but can only be detected post-mortem by an autopsy Therefore, any other diagnosis method will have false positives.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Ferroelectric polymer Current research Ferroelectric_polymer > Current research The three regimes of the stress–strain curve include elastic, plastic, and fracture. Light emitted in the elastic regime is known piezoluminescence. Fig. 7 shows a general stress–strain curve.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Kinematic synthesis Linkage synthesis Mechanism_synthesis > Linkage synthesis This task may consist of the trajectory of a moving point or the trajectory of a moving body. The kinematics equations, or loop equations, of the mechanism must be satisfied in all of the required positions of the moving point or body. The result is a system of equations that are solved to compute the dimensions of the linkage.There are three general tasks for dimensional synthesis, i) path generation, in which the trajectory of a point in the output link is required, ii) motion generation, in which the trajectory of the output link is required, and iii) function generation in which the movement of the output link relative to an input link is required.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Scale model Architectural Model_construction_vehicle > Purposes > Engineering > Architectural Architecture firms usually employ model makers or contract model making firms to make models of projects to sell their designs to builders and investors. These models are traditionally hand-made, but advances in technology have turned the industry into a very high tech process than can involve Class IV laser cutters, five-axis CNC machines as well as rapid prototyping or 3D printing. Typical scales are 1:12, 1:24, 1:48, 1:50, 1:100, 1:200, 1:500, etc.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Gene DNA Expressed_gene > Molecular basis > DNA The two strands in a double helix must, therefore, be complementary, with their sequence of bases matching such that the adenines of one strand are paired with the thymines of the other strand, and so on. : 4.1 Due to the chemical composition of the pentose residues of the bases, DNA strands have directionality. One end of a DNA polymer contains an exposed hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose; this is known as the 3' end of the molecule.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Leftist tree Summary Leftist_tree For insertions, this is slower than Fibonacci heaps, which support insertion in O(1) (constant) amortized time, and O(log n) worst-case. Leftist trees are advantageous because of their ability to merge quickly, compared to binary heaps which take Θ(n). In almost all cases, the merging of skew heaps has better performance. However merging leftist heaps has worst-case O(log n) complexity while merging skew heaps has only amortized O(log n) complexity.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Existential risk from advanced artificial intelligence Other sources of risk Orthogonality_thesis > AI alignment > Other sources of risk Nick Bostrom and others have stated that a race to be the first to create AGI could lead to shortcuts in safety, or even to violent conflict. Roman Yampolskiy and others warn that a malevolent AGI could be created by design, for example by a military, a government, a sociopath, or a corporation, to benefit from, control, or subjugate certain groups of people, as in cybercrime, or that a malevolent AGI could choose the goal of increasing human suffering, for example of those people who did not assist it during the information explosion phase. :158
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Fully associative Disadvantage Associative_cache > Direct-mapped cache > Disadvantage It has lower cache hit rate, as there is only one cache line available in a set. Every time a new memory is referenced to the same set, the cache line is replaced, which causes conflict miss.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Migraine with aura Seizures Visual_aura > Seizures Simple visual symptoms can include static, flashing, or moving lights/shapes/colors caused mostly by abnormal activity in the primary visual cortex. Complex visual auras can include people, scenes, and objects which results from stimulation of the temporo-occipital junction and is lateralized to one hemifield. Auditory auras can also be simple (ringing, buzzing) or complex (voices, music). Simple symptoms can occur from activation in the primary auditory cortex and complex symptoms from the temporo-occipital cortex at the location of the auditory association areas.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Multidimensional transform Spectral analysis Multidimensional_transform > Applications > Spectral analysis When the DFT is used for spectral analysis, the {xn} sequence usually represents a finite set of uniformly spaced time-samples of some signal x(t) where t represents time. The conversion from continuous time to samples (discrete-time) changes the underlying Fourier transform of x(t) into a discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT), which generally entails a type of distortion called aliasing. Choice of an appropriate sample-rate (see Nyquist rate) is the key to minimizing that distortion. Similarly, the conversion from a very long (or infinite) sequence to a manageable size entails a type of distortion called leakage, which is manifested as a loss of detail (aka resolution) in the DTFT.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Brushed DC motor Shunt wound motor Brushed_motor > Torque and speed characteristics > Shunt wound motor With the shunt wound motor's high-resistance field winding connected in parallel with the armature, Vm, Rm and Ø are constant such that the no load to full load speed regulation is seldom more than 5%. Speed control is achieved three ways: Varying the field voltage Field weakening Variable resistance in the field circuit.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Clock drift Relativity Clock_drift > Relativity Both effects have been experimentally observed.Time dilation is of practical importance. For instance, the clocks in GPS satellites experience this effect due to the reduced gravity they experience (making their clocks appear to run more quickly than those on Earth) and must therefore incorporate relativistically corrected calculations when reporting locations to users. If general relativity were not accounted for, a navigational fix based on the GPS satellites would be false after only 2 minutes, and errors in global positions would continue to accumulate at a rate of about 10 kilometers each day.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Database tuning DBMS users and DBA experts Database_tuning > DBMS tuning > DBMS users and DBA experts It is much faster to access data in memory than data on storage, so maintaining a sizable cache of data makes activities perform faster. The same consideration is given to work space. Caching execution plans and procedures means that they are reused instead of recompiled when needed.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Foam cells Composition Foam_cell > Composition The oxidized LDL accumulates in the macrophages and other phagocytes, which are then known as foam cells. Foam cells form the fatty streaks of the plaques of atheroma in the tunica intima of arteries. Foam cells are not dangerous as such, but can become a problem when they accumulate at particular foci thus creating a necrotic centre of atherosclerosis.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Linux console Text mode console Linux_console > Text mode console The text mode implementation is used on PC-based systems with a legacy CGA/EGA/MDA/VGA video card that implements text-based video modes. In text mode, the kernel sends a 2D array of characters to the video card, and the video card converts the characters to pixels for display.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Topographic Rossby waves Linearization Topographic_Rossby_waves > Physical derivation > Linearization The set of equations is made linear to obtain a set of equations that is easier to solve analytically. This is done by assuming a Rossby number Ro (= advection / Coriolis force), which is much smaller than the temporal Rossby number RoT (= inertia / Coriolis force). Furthermore, the length scale of η {\displaystyle \eta } Δ H {\displaystyle \Delta H} is assumed to be much smaller than the thickness of the fluid H {\displaystyle H} . Finally, the condition on the topographic parameter is used and the following set of linear equations is obtained: ∂ u ∂ t − f 0 v = − g ∂ η ∂ x ∂ v ∂ t + f 0 u = − g ∂ η ∂ y ∂ η ∂ t + H 0 ( ∂ u ∂ x + ∂ v ∂ y ) + α 0 v = 0. {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\partial u \over \partial t}&-f_{0}v=-g{\partial \eta \over \partial x}\\{\partial v \over \partial t}&+f_{0}u=-g{\partial \eta \over \partial y}\\{\partial \eta \over \partial t}&+H_{0}\left({\partial u \over \partial x}+{\partial v \over \partial y}\right)+\alpha _{0}v=0.\end{aligned}}}
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
George Zames Research George_Zames > Research Zames’s research focused on imprecisely modelled systems using the input-output method, an approach that is distinct from the state space representation that dominated control theory for several decades. At the core of much of his work is the objective of complexity reduction through organization: For the purposes of control design, gross qualitative properties such as robustness can be analyzed and predicted without depending on accurate models or syntheses. Mathematical analysis provides topological tools that are very well suited for this purpose, such as compactness, contraction, and fixed-point methods. Furthermore, in control design, where there is lots of model uncertainty, it is often more important to be able to gauge qualitative behaviour (robustness, stability, existence of oscillations) than to compute exactly.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Glial-derived neurotrophic factor Function Glial_cell_line-derived_neurotrophic_factor > Function The mature form of the protein is a ligand for the product of the RET (rearranged during transfection) protooncogene. In addition to the transcript encoding GDNF, two additional alternative transcripts encoding distinct proteins, referred to as astrocyte-derived trophic factors, have also been described. Mutations in this gene may be associated with Hirschsprung's disease.GDNF has the ability to activate the ERK-1 and ERK-2 isoforms of MAP kinase in sympathetic neurons as well as P13K/AKT pathways via activation of its receptor tyrosine kinases.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Turing Test Philosophical background Imitation_game > History > Philosophical background The question of whether it is possible for machines to think has a long history, which is firmly entrenched in the distinction between dualist and materialist views of the mind. René Descartes prefigures aspects of the Turing test in his 1637 Discourse on the Method when he writes: ow many different automata or moving machines could be made by the industry of man ... For we can easily understand a machine's being constituted so that it can utter words, and even emit some responses to action on it of a corporeal kind, which brings about a change in its organs; for instance, if touched in a particular part it may ask what we wish to say to it; if in another part it may exclaim that it is being hurt, and so on. But it never happens that it arranges its speech in various ways, in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. Here Descartes notes that automata are capable of responding to human interactions but argues that such automata cannot respond appropriately to things said in their presence in the way that any human can.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
SAW filter Terminology Filter_(signal_processing) > Linear continuous-time filters > Terminology All-pass filter – all frequencies are passed, but the phase of the output is modified. Cutoff frequency is the frequency beyond which the filter will not pass signals. It is usually measured at a specific attenuation such as 3 dB.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Cantor's isomorphism theorem Proofs Cantor's_isomorphism_theorem > Proofs This naturally finds an equivalence between the first ordering and a subset of the second ordering, and Cantor then argues that the entire second ordering is included. The back-and-forth proof has been formalized as a computer-verified proof using Coq, an interactive theorem prover. This formalization process led to a strengthened result that when two computably enumerable linear orders have a computable comparison predicate, and computable functions representing their density and unboundedness properties, then the isomorphism between them is also computable.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Linear-quadratic control General description Linear–quadratic_regulator > General description The LQR algorithm reduces the amount of work done by the control systems engineer to optimize the controller. However, the engineer still needs to specify the cost function parameters, and compare the results with the specified design goals. Often this means that controller construction will be an iterative process in which the engineer judges the "optimal" controllers produced through simulation and then adjusts the parameters to produce a controller more consistent with design goals.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Familial hemiplegic migraine Management Familial_hemiplegic_migraine > Management See the equivalent section in the main migraine article. People with FHM are encouraged to avoid activities that may trigger their attacks. Minor head trauma is a common attack precipitant, so FHM sufferers should avoid contact sports. Acetazolamide or standard drugs are often used to treat attacks, though those leading to vasoconstriction should be avoided due to the risk of stroke.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.