text
stringlengths 10
3.01k
| source
stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|
Fumarate reductase (quinol) Biological Function Fumarate_reductase_(quinol) > Biological Function Other man-made antibiotics, including Chalcones have also been proven to successfully inhibit fumarate reductase in addition to other cellular enzymes in order to cripple bacterial growth.Fumarate reductase also has a notably high production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in E. coli. The single electron reactivity of FAD, iron-sulfur clusters, and quinones in the fumarate reductase could all contribute to electron transfer to oxygen. However, FAD has been shown to be the most significant cause of superoxide and peroxide formation in fumarate reductase, due to higher solvent accessibility in the active site than in the locations of the quinone and iron-sulfur clusters.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Halt and Catch Fire (computing) Summary Halt_and_Catch_Fire_(computing) Those codes have been unofficially named HCF. During the design process of the MC6802, engineers originally planned to remove this instruction, but kept it as-is for testing purposes.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Computing resource General resources System_resources > Major resource types > General resources CPU, both time on a single CPU and use of multiple CPUs – see multitasking Random-access memory and virtual memory – see memory management Hard disk drives, include space generally, contiguous free space (such as for swap space), and use of multiple physical devices ("spindles"), since using multiple devices allows parallelism Cache space, including CPU cache and MMU cache (translation lookaside buffer) Network throughput Electrical power Input/output operations Randomness
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
NAT traversal with session border controllers SBC handling of media packets and NAT traversal NAT_traversal_with_session_border_controllers > SBC handling of media packets and NAT traversal After the establishment of a call using SIP, media packets, namely voice, video or data are exchanged -usually using the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) While NAT traversal of SIP messages may appear complicated after all, the yet more complex task is enabling media to traverse NATs. The initial problem statement is the same. If SIP devices behind NATs advertise their IP addresses, their peers on the other side of NATs cannot route traffic to them. The solution SBCs came with simply ignores the way SIP works.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Vitamin K deficiency bleeding Causes Vitamin_K_deficiency_bleeding > Causes Early VKDB is rare and caused by maternal medications that interact with vitamin K such as warfarin, phenytoin, or rifampicin. Classical VKDB is more common and caused by the relative deficiency at birth with inadequate vitamin K intake. This is often termed idiopathic as no one cause is found. Late VKDB presents after day 8 and up to 6 months of age, coinciding with the typical age for exclusive breast feeding due to the low levels of vitamin K in human breast milk. Many of these infants have poor vitamin K absorption due to cholestasis which compounds low intake.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Conceptual introduction Fourier_Transform_Infrared_Spectroscopy > Conceptual introduction The goal of absorption spectroscopy techniques (FTIR, ultraviolet-visible ("UV-vis") spectroscopy, etc.) is to measure how much light a sample absorbs at each wavelength. The most straightforward way to do this, the "dispersive spectroscopy" technique, is to shine a monochromatic light beam at a sample, measure how much of the light is absorbed, and repeat for each different wavelength. (This is how some UV–vis spectrometers work, for example.) Fourier-transform spectroscopy is a less intuitive way to obtain the same information.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Data object Object-oriented programming Data_object > Object-oriented programming The objects are designed as class hierarchies. So for example with the shopping system there might be high level classes such as electronics product, kitchen product, and book. There may be further refinements for example under electronic products: CD Player, DVD player, etc. These classes and subclasses correspond to sets and subsets in mathematical logic.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Brouwer fixed-point theorem Before discovery Brouwer's_fixed-point_theorem > History > Before discovery In 1886, Poincaré proved a result that is equivalent to Brouwer's fixed-point theorem, although the connection with the subject of this article was not yet apparent. A little later, he developed one of the fundamental tools for better understanding the analysis situs, now known as the fundamental group or sometimes the Poincaré group. This method can be used for a very compact proof of the theorem under discussion.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Plastic deformation in solids Fracture Plastic_deformation_in_solids > Types of deformation > Fracture This type of deformation is also irreversible. A break occurs after the material has reached the end of the elastic, and then plastic, deformation ranges. At this point forces accumulate until they are sufficient to cause a fracture. All materials will eventually fracture, if sufficient forces are applied.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Neural scaling law Size of the training dataset Neural_scaling_law > Introduction > Size of the training dataset The size of the training dataset is usually quantified by the number of data points it contains. Larger training datasets are typically preferred as they provide a richer and more diverse source of information for the model to learn from. This in turn can lead to improved generalization performance when the model is applied to unseen data.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Thermoelectric materials Amorphous materials Thermoelectric_figure_of_merit > Materials of interest > Amorphous materials It should be mentioned that modelling of transport properties is challenging enough without breaking the long-range order so that design of amorphous thermoelectrics is at its infancy. Naturally, amorphous thermoelectrics give rise to extensive phonon scattering, which is still a challenge for crystalline thermoelectrics. A bright future is expected for these materials.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Coordination (linguistics) Basic examples Coordination_(linguistics) > Basic examples - P + P + P but , there was a celebration. - PP + PP Susan works and .
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Tetrabiblos Book III: Individual horoscopes (genetic influences and predispositions) Tetrabiblos > Book III: Individual horoscopes (genetic influences and predispositions) The exploration of post-natal concerns begins in chapter 9 with a review of astrological factors that occur when children are not reared. This considers the indications of still births and babies that seem "half-dead", or those that have been left exposed (including whether there is possibility they may be taken up and live).
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Message queuing service Usage Examples Message_queuing_service > Usage Examples A Call Centre can carry on servicing requests for bills to be present when the billing system is unavailable Embedded telemetry devices in vehicles can securely communicate with an application that number crunches statistics in near-real time; Round-robin messaging lets the vehicle supplier add computing resources as his sales increase. Security trading application can post updates to P&L application that might be unavailable at the moment. Technician submits an x-ray while consuming application instances in London, Chicago and São Paulo compete who gets the message first by listening on the same queue.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Basement membrane Structure Basement_membrane > Structure As seen with the electron microscope, the basement membrane is composed of two layers, the basal lamina and the reticular lamina. The underlying connective tissue attaches to the basal lamina with collagen VII anchoring fibrils and fibrillin microfibrils.The basal lamina layer can further be subdivided into two layers based on their visual appearance in electron microscopy. The lighter-colored layer closer to the epithelium is called the lamina lucida, while the denser-colored layer closer to the connective tissue is called the lamina densa. The electron-dense lamina densa layer is about 30–70 nanometers thick and consists of an underlying network of reticular collagen IV fibrils which average 30 nanometers in diameter and 0.1–2 micrometers in thickness and are coated with the heparan sulfate-rich proteoglycan perlecan.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Final sigma Mathematics Final_sigma > Uses > Science and mathematics > Mathematics In statistics, σ represents the standard deviation of population or probability distribution (where mu or μ is used for the mean). In topology, σ-compact topological space is one that can be written as a countable union of compact subsets. In mathematical analysis and in probability theory, there is a type of algebra of sets known as σ-algebra (aka σ-field).
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Cephalic phase Duodenal inhibition Phases_of_digestion > Phases > Intestinal phase > Duodenal inhibition The effect of this is that gastrin secretion declines and the pyloric sphincter contracts tightly to limit the admission of more chyme into the duodenum. This gives the duodenum time to work on the chyme it has already received before being loaded with more. The enteroendocrine cells also secrete glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide. Originally called gastric-inhibitory peptide, it is no longer thought to have a significant effect on the stomach, but to be more concerned with stimulating insulin secretion in preparation for processing the nutrients about to be absorbed by the small intestine.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Z-pinch Physics Z-pinch > Physics In practical devices this was normally arranged by placing the plasma vessel inside the core of a transformer, arranged so the plasma itself would be the secondary. When current was sent into the primary side of the transformer, the magnetic field induced a current into the plasma. As induction requires a changing magnetic field, and the induced current is supposed to run in a single direction in most reactor designs, the current in the transformer has to be increased over time to produce the varying magnetic field.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Atmospheric thermodynamics Overview Atmospheric_thermodynamics > Overview The atmosphere is an example of a non-equilibrium system. Atmospheric thermodynamics describes the effect of buoyant forces that cause the rise of less dense (warmer) air, the descent of more dense air, and the transformation of water from liquid to vapor (evaporation) and its condensation. Those dynamics are modified by the force of the pressure gradient and that motion is modified by the Coriolis force. The tools used include the law of energy conservation, the ideal gas law, specific heat capacities, the assumption of isentropic processes (in which entropy is a constant), and moist adiabatic processes (during which no energy is transferred as heat).
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Vitamin K antagonist Indandiones Vitamin_K_antagonist > Indandiones Another group of VKAs are 1,3-indandione derivatives. Pindone, chlorophacinone, and diphacinone are used as rodenticides. They are categorised as "first-generation" anticoagulants, and have similar effects as warfarin. They have been largely superseded by second-generation anticoagulants because warfarin-resistant rodents have become more common.Anisindione, fluindione, and phenindione are oral anticoagulant medicines with actions similar to warfarin. However, the indandiones are generally more toxic than warfarin, with hypersensitivity reactions involving many organs and sometimes resulting in death. They are therefore now rarely used.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Electric effective resistance Summary Complex_Impedance In electrical engineering, impedance is the opposition to alternating current presented by the combined effect of resistance and reactance in a circuit.Quantitatively, the impedance of a two-terminal circuit element is the ratio of the complex representation of the sinusoidal voltage between its terminals, to the complex representation of the current flowing through it. In general, it depends upon the frequency of the sinusoidal voltage. Impedance extends the concept of resistance to alternating current (AC) circuits, and possesses both magnitude and phase, unlike resistance, which has only magnitude.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Biomass allocation Calculation and units Biomass_allocation > Calculation and units For generative plants, there is the additional compartment related to reproduction (flowers and flower stalks, seeds or fruits). The relative amount of biomass present in this compartment is often indicated as 'Reproductive Effort'. A related variable which is often used in agronomy is the 'Harvest index'.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Solubility constant Definitions Solubility_constant > Definitions Units of solubility may be molar (mol dm−3) or expressed as mass per unit volume, such as μg mL−1. Solubility is temperature dependent. A solution containing a higher concentration of solute than the solubility is said to be supersaturated.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Linearly separable Support vector machines Linearly_separable > Support vector machines Classifying data is a common task in machine learning. Suppose some data points, each belonging to one of two sets, are given and we wish to create a model that will decide which set a new data point will be in. In the case of support vector machines, a data point is viewed as a p-dimensional vector (a list of p numbers), and we want to know whether we can separate such points with a (p − 1)-dimensional hyperplane. This is called a linear classifier.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Totalitarian principle Origin of the phrase Totalitarian_principle > Origin of the phrase Neither the phrase nor its application to quantum physics originated with Gell-Mann, but a 1956 paper by him contains the first published use of the phrase as a description of quantum physics. Gell-Mann used it to describe the state of particle physics around the time he was formulating the Eightfold Way, a precursor to the quark-model of hadrons.Formulations close to Gell-Mann's are used in T. H. White's 1958 (not 1938–39) version of The Once and Future King and in Robert Heinlein's 1940 short story "Coventry". They differ in details such as the order of the words "forbidden" and "compulsory", and Gell-Mann's footnote uses the words in both orders, although only one of these orders captures his precise logical meaning. The phrase, and variations on it, appear to have been common in this period, and probably trace back to an older legal principle, that everything which is not forbidden is allowed.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Air-conditioning system Refrigeration cycle Air-conditioning_system > Air conditioning > Refrigeration cycle In the process, heat is absorbed from indoors and transferred outdoors, resulting in cooling of the building.In variable climates, the system may include a reversing valve that switches from heating in winter to cooling in summer. By reversing the flow of refrigerant, the heat pump refrigeration cycle is changed from cooling to heating or vice versa. This allows a facility to be heated and cooled by a single piece of equipment by the same means, and with the same hardware.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
What-if analysis Variance-based methods What-if_analysis > Sensitivity analysis methods > Variance-based methods Importantly, it does not measure the uncertainty caused by interactions with other variables. A further measure, known as the total effect index, gives the total variance in Y caused by Xi and its interactions with any of the other input variables. Both quantities are typically standardised by dividing by Var(Y).
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Anonymous recursion Passing functions as arguments Anonymous_recursion > Alternatives > Passing functions as arguments This is mainly of academic interest, particularly to show that the lambda calculus has recursion, as the resulting expression is significantly more complicated than the original named recursive function. Conversely, the use of fixed-pointed combinators may be generically referred to as "anonymous recursion", as this is a notable use of them, though they have other applications.This is illustrated below using Python.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Liver function test Summary Liver_enzymes Hepatic (liver) involvement in some diseases can be of crucial importance. This testing is performed on a patient's blood sample. Some tests are associated with functionality (e.g., albumin), some with cellular integrity (e.g., transaminase), and some with conditions linked to the biliary tract (gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase).
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Coordinate geometry Lines and planes Coordinate_geometry > Equations and curves > Lines and planes Lines in a Cartesian plane, or more generally, in affine coordinates, can be described algebraically by linear equations. In two dimensions, the equation for non-vertical lines is often given in the slope-intercept form: where: m is the slope or gradient of the line. b is the y-intercept of the line. x is the independent variable of the function y = f(x).In a manner analogous to the way lines in a two-dimensional space are described using a point-slope form for their equations, planes in a three dimensional space have a natural description using a point in the plane and a vector orthogonal to it (the normal vector) to indicate its "inclination".
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Cardiac dysrhythmia Summary Heart_arrythmia Treatments may include medications, medical procedures such as inserting a pacemaker, and surgery. Medications for a fast heart rate may include beta blockers, or antiarrhythmic agents such as procainamide, which attempt to restore a normal heart rhythm. This latter group may have more significant side effects, especially if taken for a long period of time.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Network Behavior Anomaly Detection Description Network_Behavior_Anomaly_Detection > Description In order for NBAD to be optimally effective, a baseline of normal network or user behavior must be established over a period of time. Once certain parameters have been defined as normal, any departure from one or more of them is flagged as anomalous. NBAD technology/techniques are applied in a number of network and security monitoring domains including: (i) Log analysis (ii) Packet inspection systems (iii) Flow monitoring systems and (iv) Route analytics. NBAD has also been described as outlier detection, novelty detection, deviation detection and exception mining.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Emotional resilience Biological models Emotional_resilience > Biological models "Resilience, conceptualized as a positive bio-psychological adaptation, has proven to be a useful theoretical context for understanding variables for predicting long-term health and well-being".Three notable bases for resilience—self-confidence, self-esteem and self-concept—each have roots in a different nervous system—respectively, the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, and the central nervous system.Research indicates that, like trauma, resilience is influenced by epigenetic modifications. Increased DNA methylation of the growth factor GDNF in certain brain regions promotes stress resilience, as do molecular adaptations of the blood–brain barrier.The two neurotransmitters primarily responsible for stress buffering within the brain are dopamine and endogenous opioids, as evidenced by research showing that dopamine and opioid antagonists increased stress response in both humans and animals. Primary and secondary rewards reduce negative reactivity of stress in the brain in both humans and animals. The relationship between social support and stress resilience is thought to be mediated by the oxytocin system's impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Convergence space Convergence induced by a topological space Convergence_space > Examples > Convergence induced by a topological space Let ( X , τ ) {\displaystyle (X,\tau )} be a topological space with X ≠ ∅ . {\displaystyle X\neq \varnothing .} If F ∈ Filters ( X ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}\in \operatorname {Filters} (X)} then F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} is said to converge to a point x ∈ X {\displaystyle x\in X} in ( X , τ ) , {\displaystyle (X,\tau ),} written F → x {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}\to x} in ( X , τ ) , {\displaystyle (X,\tau ),} if F ≥ N ( x ) , {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}\geq {\mathcal {N}}(x),} where N ( x ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {N}}(x)} denotes the neighborhood filter of x {\displaystyle x} in ( X , τ ) . {\displaystyle (X,\tau ).}
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Inflammable air Metal-acid Hydrogen_molecule > Production > Metal-acid Many metals react with water to produce H2, but the rate of hydrogen evolution depends on the metal, the pH, and the presence of alloying agents. Most commonly, hydrogen evolution is induced by acids. The alkali and alkaline earth metals, aluminium, zinc, manganese, and iron react readily with aqueous acids.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Generalized conic Specialization and generalization of Maxwell's approach Generalized_conic > Specialization and generalization of Maxwell's approach Change the definition of the average. In the formulation, the average was interpreted as the arithmetic mean. This may be replaced by other notions of averages like geometric mean of the distances.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Mathematical objects Summary Mathematical_object A mathematical object is an abstract concept arising in mathematics. In the usual language of mathematics, an object is anything that has been (or could be) formally defined, and with which one may do deductive reasoning and mathematical proofs. Typically, a mathematical object can be a value that can be assigned to a variable, and therefore can be involved in formulas. Commonly encountered mathematical objects include numbers, sets, functions, expressions, geometric objects, transformations of other mathematical objects, and spaces. Mathematical objects can be very complex; for example, theorems, proofs, and even theories are considered as mathematical objects in proof theory. The ontological status of mathematical objects has been the subject of much investigation and debate by philosophers of mathematics.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Atmosphere of Earth Emission Atmospheric_stratification > Optical properties > Emission This is because clouds (H2O) are strong absorbers and emitters of infrared radiation. This is also why it becomes colder at night at higher elevations. The greenhouse effect is directly related to this absorption and emission effect. Some gases in the atmosphere absorb and emit infrared radiation, but do not interact with sunlight in the visible spectrum. Common examples of these are CO2 and H2O.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
AI-complete Formalization AI-complete > Formalization Computational complexity theory deals with the relative computational difficulty of computable functions. By definition, it does not cover problems whose solution is unknown or has not been characterised formally. Since many AI problems have no formalisation yet, conventional complexity theory does not allow the definition of AI-completeness. To address this problem, a complexity theory for AI has been proposed.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Gravitational theory Antiquity History_of_gravitational_theory > Antiquity The Ionian Greek philosopher Heraclitus (c. 535 – c. 475 BCE) used the word logos ('word') to describe a kind of law which keeps the cosmos in harmony, moving all objects, including the stars, winds, and waves.In the 4th century BCE, Greek philosopher Aristotle taught that there is no effect or motion without a cause. The cause of the downward natural motion of heavy bodies, such as the element earth and water, was related to their nature (gravity), which caused them to move downward toward the center of the (geocentric) universe.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Transition metal catalyst Coloured compounds Transition_element > Characteristic properties > Coloured compounds Colour in transition-series metal compounds is generally due to electronic transitions of two principal types. charge transfer transitions. An electron may jump from a predominantly ligand orbital to a predominantly metal orbital, giving rise to a ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) transition. These can most easily occur when the metal is in a high oxidation state.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Chaotic behavior Non-periodicity Chaotic_motion > Chaotic dynamics > Non-periodicity A chaotic system may have sequences of values for the evolving variable that exactly repeat themselves, giving periodic behavior starting from any point in that sequence. However, such periodic sequences are repelling rather than attracting, meaning that if the evolving variable is outside the sequence, however close, it will not enter the sequence and in fact, will diverge from it. Thus for almost all initial conditions, the variable evolves chaotically with non-periodic behavior.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Rigidity theory (physics) Developments in glass science Rigidity_theory_(physics) > Developments in glass science Rigidity theory allows the prediction of optimal isostatic compositions, as well as the composition dependence of glass properties, by a simple enumeration of constraints. These glass properties include, but are not limited to, elastic modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, density, Poisson's ratio, coefficient of thermal expansion, hardness, and toughness. In some systems, due to the difficulty of directly enumerating constraints by hand and knowing all system information a priori, the theory is often employed in conjunction with computational methods in materials science such as molecular dynamics (MD). Notably, the theory played a major role in the development of Gorilla Glass 3.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Vectors in Three-dimensional Space Summary Vectors_in_Three-dimensional_Space Vectors in Three-dimensional Space (1978) is a book concerned with physical quantities defined in "ordinary" 3-space. It was written by J. S. R. Chisholm, an English mathematical physicist, and published by Cambridge University Press. According to the author, such physical quantities are studied in Newtonian mechanics, fluid mechanics, theories of elasticity and plasticity, non-relativistic quantum mechanics, and many parts of solid state physics. The author further states that "the vector concept developed in two different ways: in a wide variety of physical applications, vector notation and techniques became, by the middle of this century, almost universal; on the other hand, pure mathematicians reduced vector algebra to an axiomatic system, and introduced wide generalisations of the concept of a three-dimensional 'vector space'." Chisholm explains that since these two developments proceeded largely independently, there is a need to show how one can be applied to the other.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Usability lab Tools and technology Usability_lab > Lab-based testing environment > Tools and technology Usability labs usually feature two rooms. One room containing the lab with the system being tested for usability and all the other necessary equipment such as video and audio recording devices or eye motion trackers. Here, the participant is asked to come in and they are provided tasks to complete to test specific ideas of the product, but sometimes are allowed to explore the product by trying what a certain feature does.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Logistic differential equation In economics and sociology: diffusion of innovations Logistic_growth_model > Applications > In economics and sociology: diffusion of innovations This leads to a period of rapid industry growth. Some of the more famous examples are: railroads, incandescent light bulbs, electrification, cars and air travel.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Parser generator History Compiler-compiler > History This compiler produced actual machine code rather than interpretive code and was partially bootstrapped from Meta I.Schorre bootstrapped Meta II from Meta I during the spring of 1963. The paper on the refined metacompiler system presented at the 1964 Philadelphia ACM conference is the first paper on a metacompiler available as a general reference. The syntax and implementation technique of Schorre's system laid the foundation for most of the systems that followed.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Neuroepithelial cell Genesis of neuroepithelial cells in the adult CNS Neuroepithelial_cell > Adult neurogenesis > Genesis of neuroepithelial cells in the adult CNS The neuroepithelial cells undergo two different forms of mitosis: asymmetric differentiating division and symmetric prolific division. The asymmetric cell division results in two different varieties of daughter cells (i.e. a neuroepithelial cell divides into a radial glial cell and another neuroepithelial cell), while the symmetric version yields identical daughter cells. This effect is caused by the orientation of the mitotic spindle, which is located in either the posterior or anterior area of the mitotic cell, rather than the center where it is found during symmetric division.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Radical axis Coaxal circles Radical_line > Coaxal circles The system is called hyperbolic. In detail: Introducing coordinates such that c 1: ( x − d 1 ) 2 + y 2 = r 1 2 {\displaystyle c_{1}:(x-d_{1})^{2}+y^{2}=r_{1}^{2}} c 2: ( x − d 2 ) 2 + y 2 = d 2 2 + r 1 2 − d 1 2 {\displaystyle c_{2}:(x-d_{2})^{2}+y^{2}=d_{2}^{2}+r_{1}^{2}-d_{1}^{2}} ,then the y-axis is their radical axis (see above). Calculating the power function Π ( λ , x , y ) {\displaystyle \Pi (\lambda ,x,y)} gives the normed circle equation: c ( λ ): x 2 + y 2 − 2 d 1 − λ d 2 1 − λ x + d 1 2 − r 1 2 = 0 .
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Statistical correlation Correlation matrices Positive_correlation > Correlation matrices The correlation matrix of n {\displaystyle n} random variables X 1 , … , X n {\displaystyle X_{1},\ldots ,X_{n}} is the n × n {\displaystyle n\times n} matrix C {\displaystyle C} whose ( i , j ) {\displaystyle (i,j)} entry is c i j := corr ( X i , X j ) = cov ( X i , X j ) σ X i σ X j , if σ X i σ X j > 0. {\displaystyle c_{ij}:=\operatorname {corr} (X_{i},X_{j})={\frac {\operatorname {cov} (X_{i},X_{j})}{\sigma _{X_{i}}\sigma _{X_{j}}}},\quad {\text{if}}\ \sigma _{X_{i}}\sigma _{X_{j}}>0.} Thus the diagonal entries are all identically one. If the measures of correlation used are product-moment coefficients, the correlation matrix is the same as the covariance matrix of the standardized random variables X i / σ ( X i ) {\displaystyle X_{i}/\sigma (X_{i})} for i = 1 , … , n {\displaystyle i=1,\dots ,n} .
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Private cloud computing infrastructure Applications Private_cloud_computing_infrastructure > Applications Private cloud infrastructures are usually utilized by medium to large businesses and organizations that need robust control over their data, have extensive computing needs, or have specific regulatory or compliance obligations. This includes healthcare organizations, government agencies, financial institutions, and any business that needs to process and store large data volumes.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Divide and conquer algorithms Recursion Decrease_and_conquer_algorithm > Implementation issues > Recursion Divide-and-conquer algorithms are naturally implemented as recursive procedures. In that case, the partial sub-problems leading to the one currently being solved are automatically stored in the procedure call stack. A recursive function is a function that calls itself within its definition.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Context-free languages Closure properties Context_free_language > Properties > Closure properties The class of context-free languages is closed under the following operations. That is, if L and P are context-free languages, the following languages are context-free as well: the union L ∪ P {\displaystyle L\cup P} of L and P the reversal of L the concatenation L ⋅ P {\displaystyle L\cdot P} of L and P the Kleene star L ∗ {\displaystyle L^{*}} of L the image φ ( L ) {\displaystyle \varphi (L)} of L under a homomorphism φ {\displaystyle \varphi } the image φ − 1 ( L ) {\displaystyle \varphi ^{-1}(L)} of L under an inverse homomorphism φ − 1 {\displaystyle \varphi ^{-1}} the circular shift of L (the language { v u: u v ∈ L } {\displaystyle \{vu:uv\in L\}} ) the prefix closure of L (the set of all prefixes of strings from L) the quotient L/R of L by a regular language R
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Graviton Summary Graviton In theories of quantum gravity, the graviton is the hypothetical quantum of gravity, an elementary particle that mediates the force of gravitational interaction. There is no complete quantum field theory of gravitons due to an outstanding mathematical problem with renormalization in general relativity. In string theory, believed by some to be a consistent theory of quantum gravity, the graviton is a massless state of a fundamental string.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Function object In Lisp and Scheme Function_object > In Lisp and Scheme That type of single dispatch object-oriented programming can be done fully with closures. Thus there exists a kind of tunnel being dug from both sides of the proverbial mountain. Programmers in OOP languages discover function objects by restricting objects to have one main function to do that object's functional purpose, and even eliminate its name so that it looks like the object is being called! While programmers who use closures are not surprised that an object is called like a function, they discover that multiple closures sharing the same environment can provide a complete set of abstract operations like a virtual table for single dispatch type OOP.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Banach–Alaoglu theorem Summary Banach–Alaoglu_theorem In functional analysis and related branches of mathematics, the Banach–Alaoglu theorem (also known as Alaoglu's theorem) states that the closed unit ball of the dual space of a normed vector space is compact in the weak* topology. A common proof identifies the unit ball with the weak-* topology as a closed subset of a product of compact sets with the product topology. As a consequence of Tychonoff's theorem, this product, and hence the unit ball within, is compact. This theorem has applications in physics when one describes the set of states of an algebra of observables, namely that any state can be written as a convex linear combination of so-called pure states.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Motion in limine Summary Motion_in_limine It is frequently used at pre-trial hearings or during trial, and it can be used at both the state and federal levels. The reasons for the motions are wide and varied, but probably the most frequent use of the motion in limine in a criminal trial is to shield the jury from information concerning the defendant that could possibly be unfairly prejudicial to the defendant if heard at trial. Other reasons arise under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for failure to comply with discovery.Other proper subjects for motions in limine stem from the court's power to "Provide for the orderly conduct of proceedings before it" and to "ontrol its process and orders so as to make them conform to law and justice".
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
James Prescott Joule The mechanical equivalent of heat James_Prescott_Joule > The mechanical equivalent of heat The fact that the values obtained both by electrical and purely mechanical means were in agreement to at least one order of magnitude was, to Joule, compelling evidence of the reality of the convertibility of work into heat. Wherever mechanical force is expended, an exact equivalent of heat is always obtained. Joule now tried a third route.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Tuned radio frequency How it works Tuned_radio_frequency > How it works The classic TRF receivers of the 1920s and 30s usually consisted of three sections: one or more tuned RF amplifier stages. These amplify the signal of the desired station to a level sufficient to drive the detector, while rejecting all other signals picked up by the antenna. a detector, which extracts the audio (modulation) signal from the radio carrier signal by rectifying it. optionally, but almost always included, one or more audio amplifier stages which increase the power of the audio signal.Each tuned RF stage consists of an amplifying device, a triode (or in later sets a tetrode) vacuum tube, and a tuned circuit which performs the filtering function.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
SenseTalk Predefined Variables SenseTalk > Distinctive Characteristics > Fluid Types > Predefined Variables SenseTalk includes hundreds of “predefined variables”. These are variable names which can be used as ordinary variables, but which start off with a predefined value if they are used without first storing a value into them. Some of the predefined values are numbers, such as pi or zero. Many are special characters or symbols, such as euroSign, copyrightSign or hotBeverage.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Quantum Philosophy Book contents Quantum_Philosophy > Book contents Section I - a review of mathematics, epistemology and science from the classical to the early modern period. Section II - a review of the ineluctable rise of formalism in mathematics and in fundamental physical science, which, Omnès argues, was not a choice, but was forced on researchers by the nature of the subject matter. Section III - the central section of the book, in which the recovery of common sense, as outlined below, is presented. Section IV - a short section of reflections on possible future steps.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Amortized complexity Summary Amortized_analysis ": 14 For a given operation of an algorithm, certain situations (e.g., input parametrizations or data structure contents) may imply a significant cost in resources, whereas other situations may not be as costly. The amortized analysis considers both the costly and less costly operations together over the whole sequence of operations. This may include accounting for different types of input, length of the input, and other factors that affect its performance.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Flux (metabolism) Fluxes and phenotype Flux_(metabolism) > Fluxes and phenotype The function of the central carbon metabolism (metabolism of glucose) has been fine-tuned to exactly meet the needs of the building blocks and Gibbs free energy in conjunction with cell growth. There is therefore tight regulation of the fluxes through the central carbon metabolism. The flux in a reaction can be defined based on one of three things The activity of the enzyme catalysing the reaction The properties of the enzyme The metabolite concentration affecting enzyme activity.Considering the above, the metabolic fluxes can be described as the ultimate representation of the cellular phenotype when expressed under certain conditions.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Bacterial motility Summary Bacterial_motility Some bacteria have escape reactions allowing them to back away from stimuli that might harm or kill. This is fundamentally different from navigation or exploration, since response times must be rapid. Escape reactions are achieved by action potential-like phenomena, and have been observed in biofilms as well as in single cells such as cable bacteria. Currently there is interest in developing biohybrid microswimmers, microscopic swimmers which are part biological and part engineered by humans, such as swimming bacteria modified to carry cargo.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Support Vector Machine Bayesian SVM Support_vector_regression > Extensions > Bayesian SVM In 2011 it was shown by Polson and Scott that the SVM admits a Bayesian interpretation through the technique of data augmentation. In this approach the SVM is viewed as a graphical model (where the parameters are connected via probability distributions). This extended view allows the application of Bayesian techniques to SVMs, such as flexible feature modeling, automatic hyperparameter tuning, and predictive uncertainty quantification. Recently, a scalable version of the Bayesian SVM was developed by Florian Wenzel, enabling the application of Bayesian SVMs to big data. Florian Wenzel developed two different versions, a variational inference (VI) scheme for the Bayesian kernel support vector machine (SVM) and a stochastic version (SVI) for the linear Bayesian SVM.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Pythagorean school Philosophy Pythagorean_school > Philosophy Early Pythagoreanism was based on research and the accumulation of knowledge from the books written by other philosophers. Pythagoras' philosophic teachings made direct reference to the philosophy of Anaximander, Anaximenes of Miletus and Pherecydes of Syros. Of the Pythagorean philosophers, Hippasus, Alcmaeon, Hippon, Archytas and Theodorus, written sources have survived.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Notation in probability and statistics Probability theory Notation_in_probability_and_statistics > Probability theory Random variables are usually written in upper case roman letters: X {\textstyle X} , Y {\textstyle Y} , etc. Particular realizations of a random variable are written in corresponding lower case letters. For example, x 1 , x 2 , … , x n {\textstyle x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{n}} could be a sample corresponding to the random variable X {\textstyle X} . A cumulative probability is formally written P ( X ≤ x ) {\displaystyle P(X\leq x)} to differentiate the random variable from its realization.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Zoogleal mat Intercellular communication Bacterial_mat > Habitats > Dental plaque > Intercellular communication A peptide pheromone quorum sensing signaling system in S. mutans includes the competence stimulating peptide (CSP) that controls genetic competence. Genetic competence is the ability of a cell to take up DNA released by another cell. Competence can lead to genetic transformation, a form of sexual interaction, favored under conditions of high cell density and/or stress where there is maximal opportunity for interaction between the competent cell and the DNA released from nearby donor cells. This system is optimally expressed when S. mutans cells reside in an actively growing biofilm.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Service endpoint interface Summary Service_endpoint_interface In the Web service context the term endpoint received a formal definition with the W3C recommendation "WSDL 2.0" of 2007, Defines the address or connection point to a Web service. It is typically represented by a simple HTTP URL stringThe term "endpoint interface" is more specific about "how to implement the endpoint", for example by an OpenAPI specification or by WSDL specification. Typical endpoints can be expressed by URI Templates.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Mega-telomere Summary Mega-telomere However, because chromosomes have telomeres or mega-telomeres on their ends, repetitive non-essential sequences of DNA are lost instead (See: Telomere shortening). While the chromosomes in most eukaryotic organisms are capped with telomeres, mega-telomeres are only found in a few species, such as mice and some birds. The specific function of mega-telomeres in vertebrate cells is still unclear.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Audio inpainting Data-driven techniques Audio_inpainting > Techniques > Data-driven techniques During the training, the generator's objective is to fool the discriminator, while the discriminator attempts to learn to better classify real and fake data.In GAN-based inpaniting methods the generator acts as a context encoder and produces a plausible completion for the gap only given the available information surrounding it. The discriminator is used to train the generator and tests the consistency of the produced inpainted audio.Recently, also diffusion models have established themselves as the state-of-the-art of generative models in many fields, often beating even GAN-based solutions. For this reason they have also been used to solve the audio inpainting problem, obtaining valid results.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Ecological fallacy Formal problem Ecological_fallacy > Examples > Formal problem The correlation of aggregate quantities (or ecological correlation) is not equal to the correlation of individual quantities. Denote by Xi, Yi two quantities at the individual level. The formula for the covariance of the aggregate quantities in groups of size N is cov ( ∑ i = 1 N Y i , ∑ i = 1 N X i ) = ∑ i = 1 N cov ( Y i , X i ) + ∑ i = 1 N ∑ l ≠ i cov ( Y l , X i ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {cov} \left(\sum _{i=1}^{N}Y_{i},\sum _{i=1}^{N}X_{i}\right)=\sum _{i=1}^{N}\operatorname {cov} (Y_{i},X_{i})+\sum _{i=1}^{N}\sum _{l\neq i}\operatorname {cov} (Y_{l},X_{i})} The covariance of two aggregated variables depends not only on the covariance of two variables within the same individuals but also on covariances of the variables between different individuals. In other words, correlation of aggregate variables take into account cross sectional effects which are not relevant at the individual level.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Speed of light in vacuum Astronomical measurements Speed_of_Light > Measurement > Astronomical measurements Outer space is a convenient setting for measuring the speed of light because of its large scale and nearly perfect vacuum. Typically, one measures the time needed for light to traverse some reference distance in the Solar System, such as the radius of the Earth's orbit. Historically, such measurements could be made fairly accurately, compared to how accurately the length of the reference distance is known in Earth-based units. Ole Christensen Rømer used an astronomical measurement to make the first quantitative estimate of the speed of light in the year 1676.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Relativistic quantum mechanics Quantum theory and applications in general Relativistic_quantum_mechanics > Further reading > Quantum theory and applications in general (2009). Solid-State Spectroscopy. Springer.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Downcycling Similar operations Downcycling > Similar operations Downcycling is related to but different from 'open-loop recycling'. While downcycling implies quality loss the term open-loop recycling denotes a situation where the secondary material is used in a different product system than the original material; it thus comprises both upcycling and downcycling. A detailed discussion on the relation between downcycling, open loop recycling and their environmental impact is provided by Geyer et al. (2015). They write that "Poor product design and EOL management can lead to recycled materials of poor quality, which, in turn, limits the applications these materials can be used in." They also argue that "closed-loop recycling neither intrinsically displaces more primary material owing to multiple loops (quantity argument) nor per se generates higher environmental benefits on a unit basis (quality argument)." The reason for their argument lies in the necessity to include the product system of the target application, in which the recycled material is used or not, into the assessment of overall primary material demand and environmental impact.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Parametrized complexity W hierarchy Fixed-parameter_tractability > Complexity classes > W hierarchy Note that F P T = W {\displaystyle {\mathsf {FPT}}=W} and W ⊆ W {\displaystyle W\subseteq W} for all i ≤ j {\displaystyle i\leq j} . The classes in the W hierarchy are also closed under fpt-reduction. Many natural computational problems occupy the lower levels, W and W.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Shark Shield Functionality Shark_Shield > Functionality All chondrichthyans have highly sensitive electrical receptors called the "ampullae of Lorenzini" located in their snouts. These tiny gel-filled sacs sense electric current from prey at very close distances, typically less than one meter. The jelly is highly conductive and allows the electrical potential at the opening of the pore to be transferred to the ampulla. They use these short-range sensors when feeding or searching for food.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Artificial agent Advantages Artificial_agent > As a definition of artificial intelligence > Advantages Philosophically, this definition of artificial intelligence avoids several lines of criticism. Unlike the Turing test, it does not refer to human intelligence in any way. Thus, there is no need to discuss if it is "real" vs "simulated" intelligence (i.e., "synthetic" vs "artificial" intelligence) and does not indicate that such a machine has a mind, consciousness or true understanding (i.e., it does not imply John Searle's "strong AI hypothesis"). It also doesn't attempt to draw a sharp dividing line between behaviors that are "intelligent" and behaviors that are "unintelligent"—programs need only be measured in terms of their objective function.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Glossary of linear algebra V Glossary_of_linear_algebra > V Vector 1. A directed quantity, one with both magnitude and direction. 2. An element of a vector space. Vector space A set, whose elements can be added together, and multiplied by elements of a field (this is scalar multiplication); the set must be an abelian group under addition, and the scalar multiplication must be a linear map.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Heart chambers Nerve supply Heart_chambers > Structure > Nerve supply The vagus nerve of the parasympathetic nervous system acts to decrease the heart rate, and nerves from the sympathetic trunk act to increase the heart rate. These nerves form a network of nerves that lies over the heart called the cardiac plexus.The vagus nerve is a long, wandering nerve that emerges from the brainstem and provides parasympathetic stimulation to a large number of organs in the thorax and abdomen, including the heart. The nerves from the sympathetic trunk emerge through the T1-T4 thoracic ganglia and travel to both the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, as well as to the atria and ventricles.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Principle of least interest Summary Principle_of_least_interest The Principle of Least Interest is the idea in sociology that the person or group that has the least amount of interest in continuing a relationship has the most power over it. In the context of relationship dynamics, it suggests towards which party the balance of power tilts. The principle applies to personal, business, and other types of relationships where more than one party is involved.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
The World (book) Cartesian laws of motion The_World_(book) > Cartesian laws of motion The motion of these particles and all other objects in nature are subject to the laws of motion Descartes had observed: “…each particular part of matter always continues in the same state unless collision with others forces it to change its state.” “…when one of these bodies pushes another, it cannot give the 2nd any motion, except by losing as much of its own motion at the same time…” “…when a body is moving…each of its parts individually tends always to continue moving along a straight line” (Gaukroger)Descartes in Principles of Philosophy added to these his laws on elastic collision.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Static semantics Dynamic semantics Execution_semantics > Elements > Semantics > Dynamic semantics Once data has been specified, the machine must be instructed to perform operations on the data. For example, the semantics may define the strategy by which expressions are evaluated to values, or the manner in which control structures conditionally execute statements. The dynamic semantics (also known as execution semantics) of a language defines how and when the various constructs of a language should produce a program behavior. There are many ways of defining execution semantics.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Universal approximator Summary Universal_approximation_theorem However, there are also a variety of results between non-Euclidean spaces and other commonly used architectures and, more generally, algorithmically generated sets of functions, such as the convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture, radial basis functions, or neural networks with specific properties. Most universal approximation theorems can be parsed into two classes. The first quantifies the approximation capabilities of neural networks with an arbitrary number of artificial neurons ("arbitrary width" case) and the second focuses on the case with an arbitrary number of hidden layers, each containing a limited number of artificial neurons ("arbitrary depth" case).
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Imperative programming C Imperative_paradigm > Examples > C An example usage would be the function int increment_counter(){ static int counter = 0; counter++; return counter;}The stack region is a contiguous block of memory located near the top memory address. Variables placed in the stack are populated from top to bottom. A stack pointer is a special-purpose register that keeps track of the last memory address populated.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Removable discontinuity Examples Jump_discontinuity > Rewriting Lebesgue's Theorem > Examples {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}.} This way, any neighbourhood of x 0 ∈ C {\displaystyle x_{0}\in {\mathcal {C}}} contains points of C {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}} and points which are not of C . {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}.}
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Accuracy and precision Common technical definition Accuracy_and_precision > Common technical definition The terminology is also applied to indirect measurements—that is, values obtained by a computational procedure from observed data. In addition to accuracy and precision, measurements may also have a measurement resolution, which is the smallest change in the underlying physical quantity that produces a response in the measurement. In numerical analysis, accuracy is also the nearness of a calculation to the true value; while precision is the resolution of the representation, typically defined by the number of decimal or binary digits. In military terms, accuracy refers primarily to the accuracy of fire (justesse de tir), the precision of fire expressed by the closeness of a grouping of shots at and around the centre of the target.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Interspiro DCSC Oxygen partial pressure in the breathing loop Interspiro_DCSC > Oxygen partial pressure in the breathing loop The gas calculation differs from other semi-closed circuit rebreathers. A diver with a constant workload during aerobic working conditions will use an approximately constant amount of oxygen V O 2 {\displaystyle V_{O_{2}}} as a fraction of the respiratory minute volume V R M {\displaystyle V_{RM}} . This ratio of minute ventilation and oxygen uptake is the extraction ratio K E {\displaystyle K_{E}} , and usually falls in the range of 17 to 25 with a normal value of about 20 for healthy humans. Values as low as 10 and as high as 30 have been measured.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Anaerobic infection Female genital infections Anaerobic_infection > Signs and symptoms > Female genital infections can be associated with bacterial vaginosis. The aerobic bacteria also found mixed with these anaerobic bacteria include Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus spp. (including groups A and B), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia spp.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Discrete transistor Simplified operation Silicon_transistor > Simplified operation A voltage at the gate can control a current between source and drain.The image represents a typical bipolar transistor in a circuit. A charge flows between emitter and collector terminals depending on the current in the base. Because the base and emitter connections behave like a semiconductor diode, a voltage drop develops between them. The amount of this drop, determined by the transistor's material, is referred to as VBE.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Insulin Resistance Prevention and management Insulin_Resistance > Prevention and management However, the participants in the DPP trial regained about 40% of the weight that they had lost at the end of 2.8 years, resulting in a similar incidence of diabetes development in both the lifestyle intervention and the control arms of the trial. In epidemiological studies, higher levels of physical activity (more than 90 minutes per day) reduce the risk of diabetes by 28%.Furthermore, physical training has also generally been seen to be an effective antagonist of insulin resistance in obese or overweight children and adolescents (under the age of 19). As per the 2016 systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by Marson et al., aerobic exercise is associated with fasting insulin reduction; however, resistance and combined exercise are not.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Metal physics Summary Metallurgic_engineering The study of metal production is subdivided into ferrous metallurgy (also known as black metallurgy) and non-ferrous metallurgy (also known as colored metallurgy). Ferrous metallurgy involves processes and alloys based on iron, while non-ferrous metallurgy involves processes and alloys based on other metals. The production of ferrous metals accounts for 95% of world metal production.Modern metallurgists work in both emerging and traditional areas as part of an interdisciplinary team alongside material scientists and other engineers.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Transpirational cooling (biological) Transpiration and cooling Transpirational_cooling_(biological) > Transpiration and cooling The water that becomes raw material for sugar production, also cools the leaf and supports its structure through the pressure of turgidity. In 2022, attempts to mass-produce artificial leaves to replicate this process and create hydrogen were still in the development stage. All organic matter, living and dead, originated as sugars.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Wheeler–DeWitt equation Mathematical formalism Wheeler–DeWitt_equation > Mathematical formalism The Wheeler–DeWitt equation has the form of an operator acting on a wave functional; the functional reduces to a function in cosmology. Contrary to the general case, the Wheeler–DeWitt equation is well defined in minisuperspaces like the configuration space of cosmological theories. An example of such a wave function is the Hartle–Hawking state. Bryce DeWitt first published this equation in 1967 under the name "Einstein–Schrödinger equation"; it was later renamed the "Wheeler–DeWitt equation".
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Google Neural Machine Translation History Google_Neural_Machine_Translation > History GNMT did not create its own universal interlingua but rather aimed at finding the commonality between many languages using insights from psychology and linguistics. The new translation engine was first enabled for eight languages: to and from English and French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Turkish in November 2016. In March 2017, three additional languages were enabled: Russian, Hindi and Vietnamese along with Thai for which support was added later.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Any-angle path planning Summary Any-angle_path_planning Any-angle path planning algorithms are pathfinding algorithms that search for a Euclidean shortest path between two points on a grid map while allowing the turns in the path to have any angle. The result is a path that cuts directly through open areas and has relatively few turns. More traditional pathfinding algorithms such as A* either lack in performance or produce jagged, indirect paths.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Natural experiment Nuclear weapons testing Natural_experiments > Recent examples > Nuclear weapons testing Nuclear weapons testing released large quantities of radioactive isotopes into the atmosphere, some of which could be incorporated into biological tissues. The release stopped after the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963, which prohibited atmospheric nuclear tests. This resembled a large-scale pulse-chase experiment, but could not have been performed as a regular experiment in humans due to scientific ethics. Several types of observations were made possible (in people born before 1963), such as determination of the rate of replacement for cells in different human tissues.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Ocean bacteria Bioluminescence Marine_archaea > Bioluminescence The bacteria are fed sugar and amino acid by the squid and in return hide the squid's silhouette when viewed from below, counter-illuminating it by matching the amount of light hitting the top of the mantle. The squid serves as a model organism for animal-bacterial symbiosis and its relationship with the bacteria has been widely studied. Vibrio harveyi is a rod-shaped, motile (via polar flagella) bioluminescent bacterium which grows optimally between 30° and 35 °C.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Skewb Ultimate Number of combinations Skewb_Ultimate > Number of combinations × 3 6 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {4!\times 3^{6}}{2}}} . Therefore, the number of possible combinations is: 6 ! × 2 5 × 4 ! × 3 6 4 = 100 , 776 , 960. {\displaystyle {\frac {6!\times 2^{5}\times 4!\times 3^{6}}{4}}=100,776,960.}
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Quantum speedup Progress in the 21st century Quantum_speedup > Background > Progress in the 21st century In October 2017, IBM demonstrated the simulation of 56 qubits on a classical supercomputer, thereby increasing the computational power needed to establish quantum supremacy. In November 2018, Google announced a partnership with NASA that would "analyze results from quantum circuits run on Google quantum processors, and ... provide comparisons with classical simulation to both support Google in validating its hardware and establish a baseline for quantum supremacy." Theoretical work published in 2018 suggests that quantum supremacy should be possible with a "two-dimensional lattice of 7×7 qubits and around 40 clock cycles" if error rates can be pushed low enough.
|
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.