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An extensive new study confirms the link between electronic cigarette use and a higher risk of chronic lung conditions. The study also found that many e-cigarette users also smoked tobacco, thereby facing an even higher risk of lung problems.
However, more and more evidence is stacking up against the perceived safety of these now popular devices.
And recently, some specialists have urged policymakers to take more restrictive measures when it comes to regulating e-cigarettes to safeguard public health more closely.
Now, the first longitudinal study of its kind — conducted in a large sample cohort that is representative of the population of the United States — confirms that there is a significant link between e-cigarette use and an increased risk of developing chronic lung disease.
Its authors, who have affiliations with the University of California in San Francisco, reveal their findings in a study paper featured in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
Lung disease risk increases by about a third
For this study, the researchers analyzed the data of more than 32,000 U.S. adults, as collected via the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. The team had access to information on the participants' use of e-cigarettes, as well as tobacco between 2013–2016.
Since none of these participants had lung disease at baseline, the investigators also looked at medical records, taking note of any new lung disease diagnoses that occurred during the study period.
The team found that both current and former e-cigarette users had a 1.3 times higher risk of developing chronic lung disease compared with non-users. This association remained in place even after the investigators adjusted for confounding factors, including tobacco use.
"What we found is that for e-cigarette users, the odds of developing lung disease increased by about a third, even after controlling for their tobacco use and their clinical and demographic information."
Senior author Prof. Stanton Glantz
"We concluded that e-cigarettes are harmful on their own, and the effects are independent of smoking conventional tobacco," says Prof. Glantz
Individuals who smoked tobacco — but did not use e-cigarettes — had a 2.6 times higher risk of developing lung disease than non-smokers.
Dual users face an even higher risk
But the researchers also found something even more concerning — a large number of people who smoked tobacco also used e-cigarettes. These dual users, the team notes, had more than triple the risk of chronic lung disease.
"Dual users — the most common use pattern among people who use e-cigarettes — get the combined risk of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes, so they're actually worse off than tobacco smokers," Prof. Glantz observes.
The researchers also point out that while people who switch from traditional tobacco cigarettes to e-cigarettes may indeed lower their own risk of lung problems, according to their data, under 1% of people who smoked tobacco switched to e-cigarettes, exclusively.
Other tobacco users took up e-cigarettes without giving up traditional smoking, thereby actually facing more significant health risks.
"Switching from conventional cigarettes to e-cigarettes exclusively could reduce the risk of lung disease, but very few people do it," notes Prof. Glantz.
"For most smokers, they simply add e-cigarettes and become dual users, significantly increasing their risk of developing lung disease above just smoking," he stresses.
These findings come hot on the heels of an outbreak of e-cigarette use-associated lung injury that prompted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to issue urgent warnings to users.
However, the researchers point out that their findings do not refer to such cases of lung injury. They do, however, suggest a strong relationship between e-cigarettes and poor lung health.
"This study contributes to the growing case that e-cigarettes have long-term adverse effects on health and are making the tobacco epidemic worse," says Prof. Glantz.
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A Note from the Teacher: Bilingual teacher offers math in both Spanish and English in one Ozarks school district
In this round of our ongoing series Making a Difference, we hear first person essays from teachers in the rural Ozarks. This segment features Karen Quinonez Hernandez of the Carthage School District.
My name is Karen Quiñonez-Hernandez. I teach math in the Carthage School District in Carthage, Missouri — a town of about 15,500 people in southwest Missouri.
I would like to start by painting a picture of the school district I work in. Carthage is very special and unique. While much of southwest Missouri is rural with a predominantly white population, the Carthage School District is about 42 percent Hispanic and 53 percent white. English Language learners make up 24% of the student population, and about 60% of students receive free or reduced lunches. I have always imagined myself teaching at a school district like this. Since I am bilingual in English and in Spanish, I feel like what I bring to the table is definitely valued here because the district is in need of Spanish speaking professionals.
I teach seventh grade math all day long. That might sound a little boring to most, but I teach in English part of the day, and some of my lessons are completely in Spanish. This definitely breaks up the day for me. Currently, Carthage offers a kindergarten through eighth grade Dual Language program. We are the only rural district in Missouri to offer this immersion program and we hope to expand it through the 12th grade.
My Dual Language students are a mixture of children whose first language is English and students whose first language is Spanish. They have all been taking Dual Language classes together since kindergarten. By the time they get to me, most of them are fluent in both languages. They are meeting grade level expectations in core areas in both program languages! These students have proven capable of demonstrating cultural competence by understanding different cultures and being open to different cultural perspectives. For example, a former student of mine rescheduled her birthday party because one of the students that she had invited was unable to make it because she had to stay home and care for her siblings. As a seventh grader, she understood that, in most Hispanic households, the eldest child — especially daughters — normally take on caregiving obligations while parents are working.
Both students and teachers face challenges in our district. For one there's a lack of bilingual resources available for teachers to use or purchase. It is up to the classroom teacher to come up with all new activities that are in Spanish or translate an activity that was originally created in English. Therefore, anything I create in English, I must also translate to Spanish for my Dual Language classes. As the program progresses into high school next year, it will become more and more difficult to find educators who are bilingual or certified in Spanish that are also certified to teach in another content area.
Any teacher who teaches in a Dual Language program will most likely agree that it is double the work. However, it is well worth it. The parents that have enrolled their kids in this program have been so incredibly supportive and want to see their children succeed.
Since the kids have been together since kindergarten, the energy they bring to the classroom on the first day of school is at another level. There was no need for the beginning of the year ice breakers with them. They were all so comfortable and just happy to see each other. Instead, it felt like they were seeing if I was a good fit for their group.
They act like siblings. They support each other, lift each other up and even argue like siblings sometimes.
These students are leaders. I know the program is doing something right when I see them at school events translating for community members who only speak Spanish.
My students are determined. Another former student of mine whose first language is English was telling me all about her Algebra class. She said it takes her a little while to understand what is going on because she is receiving her lesson in English but she is thinking in Spanish. I was so ecstatic to hear that from her because she is using her second language to process.
I am so thankful to have the opportunity to teach the content that I love in the language that I grew up speaking. I never knew that being able to explain mathematical concepts to middle school students in two different languages would be so rewarding. Seeing that “aha” moment whenever the concept isn’t making sense in English, and I try explaining it in Spanish and it clicks is such a good feeling. The whole point is for them to understand math. Mathematics is its own language and I am so incredibly proud of my students to be learning it and understanding it in a foreign language.
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https://www.ksmu.org/show/making-a-difference/2022-12-15/a-note-from-the-teacher-bilingual-teacher-offers-math-in-both-spanish-and-english-in-one-ozarks-school-district
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Staunton, February 28 – Many Russians assume that if a non-Russian stops speaking his own language and uses only Russian that such an individual is well on his way to re-identifying as a Russian. But that is not the case, and many Russian-speaking members of non-Russian nationalities remain closely attached to their non-Russian ethnic identity.
Indeed, just as the Irish did not become Irish nationalists until they stopped speaking Gaelic and just as Indian nationalism took off when the leaders of its many ethnic groups began speaking English, many non-Russians who no longer speak their own language are among the most passionately interested in their nations and their national history.
And thus it may even be the case that some members of a nationality who lose their native language and speak only Russian may be in a better position to defend their nations against Russian imperialism and the threat of national extinction than are those who speak only the national languages.
Consequently, it is a mistake for either Moscow officials or Western observers to think that the Russian language is so powerful that it can by itself transform the identities of non-Russians who go over to speaking it. In fact, it may have just the opposite effect and lead to more nationalism rather than less.
Rabit Batulla, a Kazan Tatar commentator, even goes so far as to declare that “the fate of the Tatar nation is not in the hands [of those who speak only Tatar and loudly proclaim today their Tatarness] but rather in the hands of Russian-speaking Tatars” (tatar-tribun.ru/kultur-multur/obrusevshie-ili-zhe-russkoyazychnye.html).
“Among Russian-speaking Tatars, there are many who are vitally interested in the past, present and future of the Tatar people. Typically such Tatars have European or Russian first names and Tatar family names.” But in almost all cases, they are proud of their Tatar background and consider themselves Tatars.
One of them told him, Batulla continues, that while he may speak Russian, he is “not Russified,” but instead “a Russian-language Tatar.” And he insists that “language is not the main component of the definition of the nation, and not religion forms the basis of the nation. Instead, knowledge, science and national character form the history and face of the Tatar people.”
“If knowledge is absent, then history disappears,” Batulla’s interlocutor continues; and “those who have [only] Tatar, often are illiterate” and thus not capable of preserving and promoting their national identity.
But Russian-speaking Tatars like himself, he says, “are saving the history of the Tatars by sacrificing their native language and Islam. At the foundation of a bright future of the Tatar nation lies its national character.” Anyone who doubts that should look at the history of the Jews since ancient times.
“For centuries,” he says, “Jews were forced to move around the world, they were driven out from everywhere, they were persecuted, they were killed in large numbers and finally they settled in Russia. They forgot their native language and were transformed into Russian-speaking Jews. They even in fact began to forget the religion of their forefathers.”
“But,” he continues, “the Jews preserved their national character” despite that. Those Tatar nationalists who denounce Russian-speaking Tatars should remember this and remember as well that Russian-speaking Tatars are often more effective defenders of the Tatar nation than are Tatar-speaking Tatars.
To be sure, “overt and covert assimilation of Tatars is taking place. Many of them are being russified. But [Russian-speaking Tatars] are not.” Instead, they “love and study Tatar history.” No one is going to be able to stop the spread of Russian. “That train has left the station. And there is no way back.”
Insstead, “there remains only one single path, the path of the Russian-speaking Tatars.” And because that is so, all Tatars must view Russian-speaking Tatars not as the enemy but as a key component in the formation of a new Tatar nation. In some ways, it might be better if this were not the case; but this is the best strategy for the future.
Failing to remain united regardless of language only pours “water on the mill of anti-Tatar forces” and allows them to successfully pursue their “divide and conquer” strategy. And to promote such unity, he calls for establishing in each region “a society of young Russian-speaking Tatar intellectuals and to invite to join it successful Tatar businessmen."
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Pigeons are one of the most intelligent birds with an amazing memory. A pigeon can detect cancer in radiology images, pass the mirror test, and recognize words. Pigeons can see colors the same way as humans, and they also can see ultraviolet rays. Due to their intelligence and adaptability, the US Coast Guard uses pigeons to rescue people.
During the 1970s and early 80s, the US coast guard trained pigeons to search for people lost at sea as part of “Project Sea Hunt.” Pigeons have better eyesight than humans, so they were given basic training for search and rescue missions. The pigeons were good at spotting but were trained on orange, red, and yellow objects. After their basic training, the pigeons were placed in chambers beneath the helicopter with a view of a 120-degree window, so three pigeons could see 360 degrees. When they saw a life jacket they pecked a keyboard which was set with a light, so the helicopter moved closer to the target. The pigeons outperformed the humans by spotting the floating target 80 of 89 trails and spotted targets 90% of the time where the aircrew saw the object only 38 percent of the time.
There were also few drawbacks of using pigeons. The first and foremost drawback was the weight of the pigeons, which had to be carefully maintained. Pigeons generally get hungry to search the oceans for hours without losing focus. Pigeons’ health will be at risk if the weight drops, whereas an increase in weight would reduce their effectiveness. During the project sea hunt, a helicopter went in search of the missing boat. The helicopter ran out of fuel and landed at sea, in which the crew escaped with no injuries, but they couldn’t save the life of pigeons.
What Animal Did the US Coast Guard Attempt to Train as Lifeguards
- A. Pigeons
- B. Hawk
- C. Falcon
- D. Eagle
Despite the accident, the Coast Guard recommended sending the pigeons to helicopter units across America. The officials also wanted to introduce owls in the search and rescue missions because they would see them at night.
Why Not Hawks and Falcons?
The Coast Guard officials said they didn’t train shape-eyed birds like hawks or falcons because pigeons are well-mannered, calmer, and easier to train.
The project sea hunt was successful in 1981, but the advances in technology replaced pigeons.
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In 1994, Kirkwood, Foster, & Bartow replicated a 1983 study about the history of industrial arts. In their study, the authors concluded that industrial arts and technology education share a rich history. Given that technology itself comes out of the practical arts, I suppose this should not be surprising.
What is a bit surprising is that the authors seem to imply that the technology education movers and shakers at the time were trying to separate themselves from industrial arts education. Perhaps the technology folks wanted to claim their ideas as new when they were just putting new skins on old wine (nothing ever changes, does it?).
I am a firm believer in using historical perspectives to guide our decision-making. Yet, we have to avoid using historical perspective to view any new ideas as simply a pendulum shift. Instead, look for the funnel effect. While new ideas might look like old ideas, they should be circling ever closer to the target.
The article also made me wonder about if our continued focus on using technology for learning (educational technology) might be causing us to miss the long-held goals of industrial arts and technology education. Sure the kids are using technology, but are they thinking about technology?
Kirkwood, J.J.; Foster, P.N.; & Bartow, S.M. (1994). Historical Leaders in Technology Education Philosophy. Journal of Industrial Teacher Education. 32(1). Online.
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Oral Health for Athletes
For everyone, including elite and endurance athletes, the best protection against tooth decay is a combined regimen of effective home care, regular professional care, and a heathy diet that is low in refined sugar, simple carbohydrates, and concentrated forms of acid. Exercise is also an important part of an overall healthy lifestyle, but there are certain forms of exercise and levels of physical training that can increase an individual’s overall risk factors for tooth decay. These factors are often not fully controlled with something as simple as swapping one sports drink for another.
The good news is that most of these factors can be controlled with some simple adjustments to your basic fueling and home-care routine. However, as more and more people strive to increase their overall health and fitness levels by training for and completing a marathon, triathlon, century, or Ironman competition on an amateur level, there is an increasing gap of information about how to care properly for your teeth while you train and compete.
What you put in your mouth before, during, and after a strenuous workout or endurance race can certainly have a significant effect on the health of your teeth over time, but the changes that occur in the mouth during high-impact or endurance exercise create an environment where cavity-causing bacteria can thrive and reproduce at accelerated rates when acid and sugar are present. Understanding these basic biological changes that happen in the mouth when you engage in endurance or elite levels of exercise is key in helping you make the best choices possible in fueling your athletic performance and protecting the health of your teeth.
Why Saliva Matters
When we talk about the accelerated risks of tooth decay in performance athletes and amateur enthusiasts in comparison to the general population, the biggest distinguishing factor lies not so much in the sports drinks, gels, and bars consumed during training, but in the saliva itself. As the duration and intensity of exercise increases, the rate of breathing increases as well. These increased rates of respiration tend to dry out the mouth. The longer the exercise lasts, the more difficulty the mouth has in maintaining adequate saliva flow. Many endurance athletes describe this feeling as ‘cotton mouth’ and it is extremely common in runners, cyclists, swimmers, speed skaters, and many other athletes who maintain high levels of cardiovascular activity for extended periods of time.
This lack of saliva in the mouth isn’t just uncomfortable for the athlete; it is also the primary accelerant for dental decay. The saliva contains protective, neutralizing enzymes that help control the growth of cavity-causing bacteria. If a sugar, simple carbohydrate, or highly acidic food or beverage is introduced into the mouth when the saliva flow is low like this, those bacteria are able to grow and reproduce at a virtually uninhibited rate. Swimmers, unlike cyclists and runners, almost never fuel while they are swimming, but they can also be at risk of accelerated dental decay when this same dry mouth is exposed to chlorinated water that has not been properly pH adjusted.
The biggest problem for most endurance athletes here is that simple carbohydrates like sugar form the foundation of proper fueling through an event or long training session. When you are running, swimming, or cycling for hours at a time, the body simply cannot wait for you to digest a more complex form of fuel. Which means that your mouth will be exposed to food and beverages that leave you more vulnerable to developing decay at a time when your mouth has very few defenses against it.
Dental Disease Affects Athletic performance
Sometimes a passionate pursuit like professional athletics can come with sacrifices. Many professional athletes suffer injuries and joint degeneration due to overuse. But tooth decay is not the same as a functional overuse injury. Tooth decay is a disease and the body treats it as such. When dental decay develops enough, the entire immune system engages to try and keep the bacteria from entering the bloodstream and creating infection elsewhere in the body. The pain of a toothache is at the very least a distraction during exercise, but asking your body to fight an internal infection and run a marathon at the same time will most certainly affect your overall performance.
A very interesting study to this effect was performed at the 2012 Olympic Games in London. 302 athletes from 25 different sports were examined and interviewed during their time in the Olympic Village. The results demonstrated extremely high levels of poor oral health, including dental decay in 55% of the athletes, and gingivitis in 76% of the athletes. More than 40% of those athletes reported being bothered by their oral health, and 18% were conscious of their oral health having a negative impact on their training and performance.
What You Can Do
The good news is that many of the risk factors for tooth decay associated with athletic performance can be reduced with some simple changes to how and when you fuel, and how you care for your mouth when you aren’t exercising.
Here are some guidelines to consider:
International Journal of Sports Medicine: Elite athletes and oral health
British Journal of Sports Medicine: Oral health and impact on performance athletes participating in the London 2012 Olympic Games: a cross-sectional study
Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents: The effect of swimming on oral ecological factors
Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry: Severe and rapid erosion of dental enamel from swimming: a clinical report
Journal of the California Dental Association: Sports drinks and dental erosion
Drinks That Eat Teeth
The Acid Test
A Guide to Added Sweeteners
How to Brush and Floss Your Teeth
The Story of Plaque
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While a storm rages in our world over the fate of Syrian refugees, B.A. Shapiro’s The Muralist reminds us that history too often repeats itself. The novel is set in pre-WWII New York, where a young Jewish artist, Alizée Benoit, desperately tries to obtain American visas for family members living in France and Germany. When the St. Louis, a German ship carrying nine hundred European Jews seeking asylum—including Alizée’s cousins—is turned away from the U.S. and sent back to Europe, the decision is fueled by both anti-Semitism and a fear that the vessel might be harboring German spies. It’s hard not to see this historically accurate account of the 1940 refugee crisis as an eerie echo of today’s asylum seekers.
Alizée, a student of Hans Hoffman, is one of the early Abstract Expressionist painters and a fierce believer in the power of abstract art. This view is shared by her compatriots, Mark Rothko, Jackson Pollack, William DeKooning, and Lee Krasner—real-life artists who play roles in this tale. To survive during the Depression, all of them have found work with the WPA, Alizée and Lee Krasner as muralists. Forced to paint representational pictures, Alizée longs to design the kinds of abstract murals that she believes would represent the true American spirit. (Abstract Expressionism has in fact often been called the first art movement original to America.) After a chance encounter, Alizée befriends Eleanor Roosevelt, who comes to admire her art and helps influence the WPA to approve the creation of two abstract murals, one designed by Alizée, the other by Lee Krasner. But unknown to the other painters, Alizée is drawn into a darker world of not just political art but activism.
Interspersed with Alizee’s tale in The Muralist is the present-day story of Alizee’s great-niece, Dani Abrams, an artist who works at Christie’s. In 1940, readers learn, Alizée disappeared and was never found, despite a desperate search by Dani’s grandfather, Alizée’s brother. In her duties at the auction house, Dani has come upon some small paintings attached to the backs of other Abstract Expressionist paintings. She is certain they were created by her great-aunt. But why were they hidden? How can she prove their origins? More importantly, how can she unravel the secrets of what truly happened to her talented aunt?
The Muralist is best when it focuses on the intensity and political paranoia of an isolationist United States before the nation entered WWII. It also highlights an ugly but little-known truth of the era: decisions about visas were made by Assistant Secretary of State Breckinridge Long, an anti-Semite and close friend of FDR who for far too long barred desperate European Jews from entering the U.S., essentially sending them to their deaths in Nazi gas chambers.
As she did in her previous bestseller, The Art Forger, Shapiro reveals a keen sense of the concerns of artists and deftly brings to life the art scene of New York in the late 1930s and early 1940s, a time of hard drinking, young camaraderie, and artistic rebellion. She also does a fine job of making the reader care about a fragile girl haunted by the desperate situation of her family abroad. Although the novel’s ending seems overly coincidental and too-neatly tied with a bow, The Muralist is a unique read and a harsh reminder that that those who learn too little from history are often plagued to repeat it.
Jennie Fields received an M.F.A. in creative writing from the University of Iowa Writers’ Workshop and is the author of four novels: The Age of Desire, Lily Beach, Crossing Brooklyn Ferry, and The Middle Ages. She lives in Nashville.
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August 2016 was the hottest month measured since contemporary records began in 1880, according to a NASA analysis.
• It was not only the hottest August ever, but also it ties July 2016 as the hottest month ever—an extraordinary occurrence.
• In 2015, the hottest October ever took place, and it was followed by the hottest November ever, and then by the hottest December ever—and this sequence continued right up to the present.
• The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) keeps separate records, and its streak of record-breaking months stretches even further back in time: Every month since May 2015 has been the hottest version of that month ever, according to the agency.
• Second, August’s record essentially ensures that 2016 will be the warmest year on record.
• 2016 could wind up being as much as 1 degree Celsius hotter than the pre-industrial temperature average.
• This is a stark accomplishment when you consider that the nations of the world committed last year to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius above the pre-industrial average.
• We are two-thirds of the way there already.
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Some Rules for Making a Presentation
Here's a 10-minute Powerpoint talk with
Human attention is very limited. Don't cram too much
information, either in each slide, or in the whole talk. Avoid
details: they won't be remembered anyway.
- Have a very clear introduction, to motivate what you do and to
present the problem you want to solve. The introduction is
not technical in nature, but strategic (i.e. why this
problem, big idea).
- If you have a companion paper, mention it during the talk and
recommend it for more details. Don't put all the details in the
talk. Present only the important ones.
- Use only one idea per slide.
- Have a good conclusions slide: put there the main ideas, the ones
you really want people to remember. Use only one
- The conclusion slide should be the last one. Do not put other
slides after conclusions, as this will weaken their impact.
- Having periodic "talk outline" slides (to show where you
are in the talk) helps, especially for longer talks. At least one
"talk outline" slide is very useful, usually after the
- Don't count on the audience to remember any detail from one slide
to another (like color-coding, applications you measure, etc.). If
you need it remembered, re-state the information a second time.
- Especially if you have to present many different things, try to
build a unifying thread. The talk should be sequential in nature
(i.e. no big conceptual leaps from one slide to the next).
- Try to cut out as much as possible; less is better.
- Help the audience understand where you are going. Often it's best
to give them a high-level overview first, and then plunge into the
details; then, while listening to the details they can relate to the
high-level picture and understand where you are. This also helps them
save important brain power for later parts of the talk which may be
- Use a good presentation-building tool, like MS PowerPoint. Avoid
Latex, except for slides with formulas (Leslie Lamport himself says
that slides are visual, while Latex is meant to be logical). Good
looks are important. If you need formulas, try TeXPoint, George
Necula's Latex for Powerpoint.
- Humor is very useful; prepare a couple of puns and jokes
beforehand (but not epic jokes, which require complicated setup).
However, if you're not good with jokes, better avoid them
altogether. Improvising humor is very dangerous.
- The more you rehearse the talk, the better it will be. A
rehearsal is most useful when carried out loud. 5 rehearsals is a
minimum for an important talk.
- The more people criticize your talk (during practice), the better
it will be; pay attention to criticism, not necessarily to all
suggestions, but try to see what and why people misunderstood your
- Not everything has to be written down; speech can and should
complement the information on the slides.
- Be enthusiastic.
- Act your talk: explain, ask rhetorical questions, act surprised, etc.
- Give people time to think about the important facts by slowing
down, or even stopping for a moment.
- Do not go overtime under any circumstance.
- Listen to the questions very carefully; many speakers answer
different questions than the ones asked.
- Do not treat your audience as mentally-impaired: do not explain
the completely obvious things.
- Slides should have short titles. A long title shows something is
- Use uniform capitalization rules.
- All the text on one slide should have the same structure
(e.g. complete phrases, idea only, etc.).
- Put very little text on a slide; avoid text completely if you can.
Put no more than one idea per slide (i.e. all bullets should refer
to the same thing). If you have lots of text, people will read it
faster than you talk, and will not pay attention to what you say.
- Don't use small fonts.
- Use very few formulas (one per presentation). The same goes for
program code (at most one code fragment per
- Do not put useless graphics on each slide: logos, grids,
- Spell-check. A spelling mistake is an attention magnet.
- Use suggestive graphical illustrations as much as possible. Don't
shun graphical metaphors. Prefer an image to text.
In my presentations I try to have 80% of the slides with images.
- Do not put in the figures details you will not mention explicitly.
The figures should be as schematic as possible (i.e. no overload of
- Do not "waste" information by using unnecessary colors.
Each different color should signify something different, and
something important. Color-code your information if you can, but
don't use too many different colors. Have high-contrast colors.
- A few real photos related to your subject look
very cool (e.g. real system, hardware, screen-shots, automatically
generated figures, etc.). Real photos are much more effective
during the core of the talk than during the intro. I hate talks
with a nice picture during the introduction and next only text; they
open your appetite and then leave you hungry.
- For some strange reason, rectangles with shadows seem to look much
better than without (especially if there are just a few in the
- Sometimes a matte pastel background looks much better than a white
- Exploit animation with restraint. Do not use fancy animation
effects if not necessary.
- However, there are places where animation is extremely valuable,
e.g., to depict the evolution of a complex system, or to introduce
related ideas one by one.
- Use strong colors for important stuff, pastel colors for the
- Encode information cleverly: e.g. make arrow widths showing flows
proportional to the flow capacity.
- Use thick lines in drawings (e.g. 1 1/2 points or more).
- Don't put useless information in result graphs (e.g. the 100% bar
for each application).
- Label very clearly the axes of the graphs. Explain the un-obvious
ones. Use large fonts for labels; the default fonts in Excel are too
- Discuss the results numbers in detail; "milk" them as
much as possible.
(c) 2003-2005 by Mihai Budiu.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution 2.5 License.
Feel free to use it for any purpose, including commercial, as long as
you properly quote me.
- I don't agree 100% with him, but Mark Jason Dominus gives some
very good advice
- Excellent advice
from 1979 by Leslie Lamport.
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The “planetary geared” peg makes tuning easier on violins, violas, and cellos. There are several additional reasons to favor them.
Geared pegs are a newer innovation when it comes to useful – some may say ingenious – stringed instrument accessories. Widely available both online as well as at the local violin shop, these pegs boil down larger points of difference – some might say conflicts – within a relatively simple, small thing.
If you’re new to what a geared peg is, here’s the simplest explanation: the tension and therefore tuning of strings on any type of stringed instrument (violin, viola, cello, bass, ukulele, etc.) can happen at either end: the pegbox at the top of the instrument, or the fine tuners at the bottom of the instrument (toward the chinrest on a violin). But for the most part, the tuning pegs at the scroll end are most frequently adjusted to achieve proper tuning.
Historically, these pegs were held in place and adjusted by friction between the peg and the surrounding pegbox wood. But a geared peg is more technically advanced. Hidden inside what appear to be traditional pegs are a set of planetary gears –¬ so named because they involve a smaller (the “sun”) and larger (“ring,” like planets) toothed gears – that do two things. One is that they allow for more precise tuning because it takes bigger, more exaggerated movement by the hands of the instrumentalist to achieve smaller changes in the tension. Second, it makes the process of tuning easier for those hands (i.e., less pressure and strength is required).
So what’s the conflict?
For starters, Stradivari, Guarneri and all other pre-20th century violinmakers never worked with geared pegs. These are modern innovations, arguably in the category of steel (not gut) strings and composite (not pernambuco) bows. Purists may scoff, but under many conditions and circumstances these newer innovations make sense. What’s interesting is that makers of geared pegs are careful to ensure the appearance of the pegs is preserved, not visible to anyone observing the instrument even at close distance.
Another conflict that is essentially solved with geared pegs is how abrupt humidity differences require acclimatization of the instrument and therefore frequent tuning. This is because wood pegs and the pegbox into which they are inserted are made of different types of wood that respond differently to humidity and aridity. The traveling violinist, violist or cellist knows how important this can be.
But perhaps the conflict resolution that geared pegs provide that is of greatest benefit to the vast majority of players is the ease with which geared pegs are adjusted. Children and older adults, or anyone with compromised wrist biomechanics, may lack the sufficient strength to execute the somewhat awkward maneuver of traditional pegs.
Is the sound different when played on an instrument with geared pegs? As with gut vs. steel and pernambuco vs. composite, it mostly boils down to the player and their pragmatic considerations (and having a good luthier to install them). In some cases it’s almost impossible to know, since those gears are hidden within the traditional-appearing pegs.
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Mary and Elizabeth Museum Gift Shop
“Mary Lincoln?” “She was crazy.”
“Elizabeth Keckley?” “Who?”
The Mary and Elizabeth Museum Gift Shop displays mementos in a tribute to the unique friendship between Mary Lincoln and her dressmaker, the former slave, Elizabeth Keckley. It is in the interest of historical accuracy to release Mary Lincoln from the damaging and incorrect label of insanity. And to rescue Elizabeth Keckley from anonymity. In the mid-1800s, slaves were forbidden to read and write and even well-educated white women were supposed to keep quiet. Both women paid for their “offenses” of superior intelligence and independent spirit. Historical accounts continue to parrot the damaging misinformation about Mary and exclude Elizabeth.
Mary’s staunch abolitionist views were formed when she was a child and witnessed chained slaves pass by her front door to the auction block. She was born into the wealthy, slave-owning Todd family in Lexington, Kentucky, the town founded by her forebears. When she was six years old her mother died and her father remarried. The grief-stricken child sought the comfort of the slave, Mammy Sally in a household that grew from six to 15 siblings.
Unlike most girls in her milieu, Mary received a quality education. The precocious child would develop into a sassy, articulate and politically astute woman. An ambitious and influential force behind her husband’s ascent to the presidency, her choice to stay in his shadow was deliberate.
Elizabeth Keckley was a slave who purchased her own freedom and her son’s. Each was the result of rape by a white man. Elizabeth went on to build a successful dressmaking business in the Capital city but when secession loomed, her most prominent clients, Mrs. Robert E. Lee and Mrs. Jefferson Davis went south. Elizabeth sought out the new First Lady.
Elizabeth became a respected presence in the Executive Mansion as her duties extended beyond creating many of Mary’s gowns for the hundreds of required state-related events. The two women formed a deep friendship that crossed the color line—a rarity in the Civil War era. Each had sons the same age who were Union soldiers. When Elizabeth founded the Contraband Relief Association in 1862 to help former slaves become autonomous, the Lincolns donated. Mary additionally helped and solicited funds from acquaintances. Still mourning her son Eddie who died at age four, Mary would seek out the comfort of Elizabeth during two more tragedies: 11-year-old son Willie’s death and the President’s assassination.
Enemies of the President turned on the First Lady. Newspapers stoked rumors of her extravagance that continued after the assassination. She was falsely accused of accumulating massive debt on her gowns and furnishings. In fact, she was extremely frugal, buying in bulk for the discounts. In addition, she was an excellent seamstress who made many of her own gowns. Historian Betty Ellison examined check registers proving that William S. Wood, interim commissioner of public building, stole from the accounts and blamed Mary for the short falls. Northerners were suspicious of her because of her Confederate family and Southerners believed she betrayed them.
With neither a government widow’s pension nor a will to provide for her, Mary felt desperate. Elizabeth neglected her dressmaking business when she tried to help Mary sell articles from her wardrobe. The ensuing, widely publicized “Old Clothes” scandal raised no money.
To produce an income and salvage Mary’s reputation, Elizabeth wrote and published “Behind the Scenes”, a book about her personal history and her time with the Lincolns. It was a disaster. Newspapers discredited her, insisting that a slave couldn’t write. The woman publisher not only didn’t pay Elizabeth but reneged on a promise and printed private correspondence between the two friends. Upon learning that her family’s intimate life was exposed, Mary refused contact with Elizabeth including her gift of the quilt she made from Mary’s dress scraps. Unable to revive her business, the dressmaker sank into poverty. The meager pension she received when her only son was killed in the war wasn’t enough.
Keckley Quilt, Susan Bercu, painting, detail from diorama
Mary was overwhelmed by grief, her lowered standard of living and isolation from friends. Robert, alarmed about her erratic state of mind, unduly influenced a panel of judges to commit her to a private mental institution. Although she was lucid enough to secure a wife and husband legal team who obtained her release and had her declared sane, history would not absolve her of the crazy label. After years of pressuring the unsympathetic Congress to create a widow’s pension, it finally came through. It was too late. Mary died on July 16, 1882, at her beloved sister Elizabeth’s home in Springfield.
“Mary and Elizabeth Gift Shop” Diorama 15 in. wide x 23 in. high x 8 in. deep
The museum gift shop displays mementos that augment the story of Elizabeth Keckley and Mary Lincoln. Some of the gutta-percha ambrotype cases containing albumen prints of loved ones included a lock of hair and a written sentiment. Except for the photocopies of the two letters, I created all the original art. The diorama structure is cardboard painted with acrylic. Many drawings and paintings were scanned, so only photocopies are placed on the diorama. All three-dimensional items including the photo frames are cardboard painted with acrylics.
Photo Cases, left to right, Mary Lincoln, Eddie Lincoln
Photo Case (cover), Housewife (Pocket Sewing Kit for Soldier)
Susan Bercu, painted cardboard with drawings of portrait photos, details from diorama
Top background, left and right
Mary Lincoln, Elizabeth Keckley (pencil)
Objects, top to bottom/left to right
Mary’s mourning brooch of carved onyx disks with black enamel and yellow gold (painted cardboard)
Mary’s blood-stained white silk fan (painted cardboard)
Lincoln and son Thomas (Tad) photo case (painted cardboard/pencil portrait)
Edward (Eddie) Lincoln (died at age four) photo case. Inscription from his tombstone: “Bright is the home to him now given. For of such is the Kingdom of Heaven.” (painted cardboard/ pencil portrait)
Elizabeth Keckley photo case (painted cardboard/ pencil portrait)
Mary Lincoln photo case (painted cardboard/pencil portrait)
Quilt sewn by Elizabeth Keckley. “Liberty”, embroidered in the quilt’s center, is meaningful because of Elizabeth’s slave origin. (painting)
Letter, reproductions, left to right, Mary to Abraham; Mary to Elizabeth (Lizzie)
Housewife (pocket sewing kit for soldiers) (painted cardboard)
Mary’s white linen gold embroidered gloves, worn at first Inaugural Ball, 1861. Mary bought gloves in bulk at a discount for herself and her husband since they would shake hands with as many as 1,000 visitors in a single day at a time when hands were unclean. (painted cardboard)
Pocket Watch, 18K solid gold, inscribed, “To Miss Mary Todd—A Token of my Everlasting Devotion and Affection, Abe Lincoln” (painted cardboard)
Exhibit label (pencil)
Bonus Strange Fact
Hidden Message Watchmaker and Northern sympathizer Jonathan Dillon secretly scratched a message inside Abraham Lincoln’s pocket watch when it came to him for repair. When the Smithsonian announced acquisition of the watch in 1958, a Dillon descendant notified the museum of the rumored inscription. The museum opened it and found a message scratched inside, “Jonathan Dillon April 13, 1861 Fort Sumpter [sic] was attacked by the rebels on the above date J Dillon April 13, 1861 Washington” and “thank God we have a government Jonth Dillon.”
Secret Notes Scratched Inside Abraham Lincoln’s Watch photo, Smithsonian Museum
Bloody Strange Facts of Major Henry Rathbone and Clara Harris
The Wounded Major Several people declined the Lincolns’ invitation to Ford’s Theater before Major Henry Rathbone and his fiancé Clara Harris, a favorite of Mary, accepted. When the Major tried to stop the attack, he was slashed by John Wilkes Booth’s sword. Clara tried to comfort Mary who screamed, “Oh! My husband’s blood!” In fact, it was the Major’s blood on Clara’s gown and Mary’s fan. The President did not bleed externally.
The Murder Clara and Henry married and moved to Germany where Henry, who had a history of depression, became increasingly deranged until in 1883, he fatally shot his wife.He stabbed himself several times before servants intervened. Their three children were spared. Henry spent his final days in a German asylum for the criminally insane.
The Bloody Gown Clara’s blood-soaked gown was stored in a closet in the Harris family home in Albany, New York. When she and a house guest believed they heard ghosts laughing, Clara had the closet bricked-in. In 1910, 45 years after Lincoln’s assassination, the Rathbones’ son Henry, then a US Representative, dismantled the closet and burned the entombed dress, saying it had cursed his family.
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Spain has sometimes been slow to recognize its own treasures. Miguel de Cervantes was slipping into obscurity after his death until he was rescued by foreign literary experts. El Greco's paintings were pulled from oblivion by the French. The Muslim palace of Alhambra had fallen into neglect before the American author Washington Irving and others wrote about it in the 1800s.
Now, more than 500 years after expelling its Jews and moving to hide if not eradicate all traces of their existence, Spain has begun rediscovering the Jewish culture that thrived here for centuries and that scholars say functioned as a second Jerusalem during the Middle Ages.
"We've gone from a period of pillaging the Jews and then suppressing and ignoring their patrimony to a period of rising curiosity and fascination," said Ana María López, the director of the Sephardic Museum in Toledo, a hub of Jewish life before the Jews were expelled or forced to convert to Christianity in 1492 during the Inquisition.
Cities and towns across Spain are searching for the remains of their medieval synagogues, excavating old Jewish neighborhoods and trying to identify Jewish cemeteries. Scholars say they are overwhelmed with requests from local governments to study archaeological findings and ancient documents that may validate a region's Jewish heritage.
Other people are joining in, delving into family histories to hunt for signs of Jewish ancestry.
"I don't go a week without someone calling and asking me if their last name has Jewish roots," said Javier Castaño, an expert in Spain's Jewish history at the Higher Council for Scientific Research in Madrid.
"It's the opposite of 300 years ago, when people changed their last names to Spanish names and looked for ancestors of pure Spanish blood," he said. "Now it's trendy to say you have Jewish roots."
But Castaño and other scholars say the revival has in some ways gone too far. They contend that some local governments, eager to attract well-heeled tourists from the United States and Israel, are making claims about their Jewish heritage that are not supported by historical evidence.
"This whole revival is a very important and positive contribution," Castaño said. "The problem is that in some cases people are falsifying the past by creating a Jewish patrimony that never existed." He and other critics say cities are promoting old Jewish quarters with no original structures, cemeteries whose real location is still a mystery and medieval synagogues that are hardly medieval, if they ever functioned as synagogues at all.
"History is being exploited," Castaño said, citing Oviedo near the northern coast and Jaén in the south as particularly egregious examples. "People are trying to reproduce what has occurred in Toledo. Everyone wants their medieval synagogue."
Toledo, with two intact medieval synagogues, including the Tránsito Synagogue from the 14th century, is something of an exception in Spain, where the expulsion of the Jews was followed by a campaign to destroy, disassemble or obscure obvious reminders of their presence.
The Network of Jewish Quarters in Spain, which works to revive and promote medieval Jewish neighborhoods, concedes that some cities have oversold their possessions.
"But it's not that they don't have the history, it's that the history is not so visible," said Assumpció Hosta, the network's secretary-general. "We have to give these cities time to invest in the recovery of their patrimony."
Spain had the most vibrant Jewish population in Europe before the expulsion of 1492, and it produced one of the most influential cultural legacies in Jewish history.
It was here that Hebrew was reborn as a language suitable not just for prayer and liturgy but for poetry and other secular pursuits, contributing to the advent in Spain of what has been called a golden age of Jewish literature, philosophy and science in the 10th and 11th centuries.
"In the minds of her sons and daughters, Sepharad was a second Jerusalem," Jane Gerber wrote in her book "The Jews of Spain: A History of the Sephardic Experience."
"Expulsion from Spain, therefore, was as keenly lamented as exile from the Holy Land," she said.
Scholarly interest in this chapter of Jewish history has been intensifying in Spain for decades, but only recently has it extended to the public.
Besides the revival of Jewish neighborhoods, there has been an explosion of books on Jewish themes, with 200 to 250 published every year, and new museums, cultural centers, restaurants and musical groups devoted to Sephardic traditions.
Medieval festivals that have typically included only Muslims and Christians are now seeking to add Jewish participants. Jewish leaders say the trend has received an added push from Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, who has made encouraging a more open and tolerant society a primary objective of his administration.
Still, despite the new enthusiasm for Spain's Jewish heritage, intolerance toward Jews here is far from a thing of the past, the leaders say.
"A contradictory element in all this is that a new anti-Semitism is also developing in Spain," said Jacobo Israel Garzón, the president of the Federation of Jewish Communities in Spain. "It uses the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as its source, but it passes very quickly from anti-Israelism to anti-Semitism."
Israel said the number of Jews in Spain today was small, 40,000 to 50,000. But he said the population was growing steadily thanks to immigration, particularly from North Africa, where so many Jews fled after the 15th- century expulsion.
Many of these returnees still speak a form of the Judeo-Spanish language of their ancestors and have maintained their traditions.
"There is tremendous nostalgia for Sephardic Spain in the Jewish world, particularly in the ancestors of the expelled Jews," Israel said. "But even in the souls of the Jews who were not expelled, there is the sense that with the end of Jewish Spain something very important was lost."
"Spain is now opening the way for the study of that lost footprint," he said.
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The Giant's Causeway on the Antrim coast officially becomes a World Heritage Site one of fifty areas of the world to receive this status from the United Nations.
At a ceremony held at the Giant's Causeway visitor centre an inscribed basalt rock was unveiled by writer and broadcaster Magnus Magnusson.
The unusual structure of the rocks and pillars on this section of the County Antrim coast have given rise to many legends. One is that the causeway was built by none other than the mythological Irish warrior Finn McCool, who was having a fight with a neighbouring Scottish giant. Another legend tells of Finn McCool’s attempt to rid himself of his Scottish foe once and for all. He dressed himself like a baby, and when the Scottish giant saw him, he took fright and ran off. If this was the size of the baby, how big was the father?
Giant's Causeway World Heritage Site (1986)
In geological terms, the story of how the Giant’s Causeway came to be is not quite as dramatic. Magnus Magnusson explains,
It was formed something like 58 million years ago, I’m told by geologists, as a result of tremendous volcanic effusions of molten basaltic rock. This kind of basalt has got one curious thing about it. It cools rather slowly, and it’s this cooling that’s cracked the rock into these many-sided pillars, with the jointing every sort of 30 centimetres or so... just like the vertebrae of a human being...
The causeway was declared a World Heritage Site by the World Heritage Convention, which provides for the protection of cultural and natural properties of outstanding universal value. With the causeway now firmly established on the international map, it is hoped that recognition of its unique structure will lead to a greater influx of tourists to the area.
An RTÉ News report broadcast on 21 April 1987. The reporter is Emer Murphy.
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| 0.963222 | 403 | 2.90625 | 3 |
This report examines how violence against women specifically affects children and young people. It looks at the nature of violence they experience in their homes and their own relationships, its impacts, and the priorities for action if efforts to prevent violence among, and protect, young people are to be successful.
Citation: Flood, M., and L. Fergus. (2008). An Assault on Our Future: The impact of violence on young people and their relationships. Sydney: White Ribbon Foundation.
Respectful Relationships Education: Violence prevention and respectful relationships education in Victorian secondary schools
This report offers a comprehensive overview of best practice in violence prevention education in schools, identifying five principles of best practice. It maps promising programs around Australia and internationally. And it offers directions for advancing the field. The report is relevant beyond this, however, offering indicators of effective practice in violence prevention education which are relevant for a variety of settings and populations.
Some sections of the report focus in particular on issues of interest for those working with men and boys in violence prevention, such as the teaching methods to use and the content to address (pp. 36-43), whether to have mixed-sex or single-sex classes (pp. 47-50), whether curricula should be delivered by teachers or community educators or peers (pp. 52-53), and whether the sex of the educator makes a difference (pp. 53-54).
Note that I have also included the text of a seminar which summarises the report, titled "Advancing the field", and the Powerpoint which goes along with this.
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What is Diverticulitis?
Diverticula are pouches that form in the digestive system, most commonly in the wall of the large intestine. Feces can get trapped in the pouches, promoting the growth of bacteria. This leads to the inflammation or infection of the diverticula, which is known as diverticulitis.
What causes Diverticulitis?
Doctors aren’t sure what causes the formation of diverticula. The presence of diverticula is called diverticulosis. Diverticulosis may never develop into diverticulitis. For many years, scientists believed that a low-fiber diet caused diverticulosis. Without fiber to add bulk to the stool, the large intestine has to work harder to push it through the digestive system, and pressure from this may cause weak spots which eventually turn into pouches. However, a recent study indicated that a low-fiber diet is not associated with diverticulosis. Clearly, more research is needed.
Who is at risk?
Studies have found links between diverticulitis and obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and certain medications, like NSAIDs and steroids. Diverticulitis is rarer in countries where people eat high-fiber diets, so too little fiber in the diet may increase risk as well. People over the age of 40 are more prone to diverticulitis, potentially because the strength and elasticity of the large intestine decreases over time, leading to an increased likelihood of diverticulosis.
Signs and Symptoms
The most common symptom of diverticulitis is a sudden, severe pain in the lower left side of the abdomen. The pain may worsen when the patient moves. Some people experience mild abdominal pain that worsens over the course of a few days, but this is less common than sudden, severe pain. The abdomen may feel swollen, tender, or sore, and gas and bloating are common. Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation, can also indicate diverticulitis, as well as fever and chills. Patients may experience nausea and vomiting. In severe cases, diverticular bleeding can be present, indicated by blood in the stool.
Symptoms of Diverticulitis:
- Sudden, severe pain in the lower left side of the abdomen (or mild pain that worsens over time)
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Swollen, tender, or sore abdomen
- Gas and bloating
- Fever and/or chills
- Nausea and vomiting
- Blood in the stool
If diverticulitis is suspected, your doctor will first conduct a rectal exam and blood test. The blood test can indicate inflammation or anemia; too few red blood cells may indicate that there is bleeding in the large intestine. A fecal occult blood test checks for blood in the stool, and an abdominal X-ray can rule out other issues.
After these routine tests, the doctor may want a better look at your large intestine. Because there is a risk of the pouch bursting, some tests that are frequently performed for other abdominal issues are not frequently used if diverticulitis. For example, sigmoidoscopies, colonoscopies, and barium enemas are not often done because the large intestine could perforate, causing the infection to spill into the abdominal cavity lining.
CT scans are less invasive and are commonly used to identify and diagnosis diverticulitis, and to rule out other conditions.
Treatments for diverticulitis often involve a change in diet. The doctor may recommend a liquid diet for a few days to give the infection time to heal. Antibiotics may also be prescribed. Patients should increase the amount of fiber in their diets to prevent future attacks. Tylenol and other NSAIDs may ease mild pain. If the pain is severe or the patient cannot drink liquids, he or she made need to stay in the hospital and receive nutrition through an IV. In fewer than 6% of cases, patients will require surgery.
Most cases of diverticulitis improve in two or three days. Occasionally, complications may occur, such as an abscess, perforation, or bowel obstruction. In these instances, surgery may be required.
- Black, navy, and kidney beans
- Whole-grain cereal
- Apples, pears, raspberries, and prunes
- Squash, sweet potato, and green peas
- Cauliflower, broccoli, spinach, and corn
- Sunflower seeds, almonds, peanuts
- Quinoa, brown rice, whole-grain breads and pasta
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Global Accessibility Awareness Day (GAAD) aims to build awareness around accessibility and inclusion for people with disabilities. The goal is to get everyone thinking and talking about how we can build inclusive digital experiences that work for everyone.
We’re so glad it’s GAAD! We thought it’d be the perfect day to update you on some of the progress we’ve been making to improve our own approach to accessibility.
Finding insights with felt
Back in March, we introduced you to the work we’ve been doing with the rockstar students from Governor Morehead School (GMS), the flagship school in Raleigh serving the special needs of visually impaired students.
We’ve continued to build on our GMS partnership over the last few months, and in April we hosted our first hands-on design workshop. We gave each student a felt board and several pieces of felt representing different types of web content like navigation, article, or comments. We asked the students to design a webpage, organizing the pieces of felt on their boards in a way that would make it simple for them to navigate on a laptop.
Once they’d had a chance to work as individuals and refine their designs, we asked them to present their boards to their group. All of the students had great insights to share. One student with no vision said that when she uses a website, she visualizes where the content might be rather than only thinking about it sequentially.
Another student with low vision compared the process of designing to a popular computer game, saying “I like to visualize the end product…web design can be compared to visualizing the end structure in Minecraft before starting a design.”
Listening to the students explain their choices helped us gain a better understanding of how they think about and access content on a webpage. These observations will inform our research moving forward.
Making contributions inclusive
Starting today, we’re asking that contributions to the current version of PatternFly meet new accessibility criteria before they can be added to the pattern library. The criteria may seem simple, but they make a big impact:
- Patterns have to be keyboard accessible.
- Patterns have to meet to the 5 rules of ARIA.
Recently, we released an alpha.1 of the next major version of PatternFly (learn more about PatternFly-Next in the Roadmap Update). With that alpha, we included the first version of the PatternFly accessibility guide, providing techniques and suggestions to help design, develop, and test UIs to ensure that everyone has a good user experience.
We’re still in the early phases of design and development for PatternFly-Next, and the accessibility guide is also a work in progress. Your feedback is always welcome, so if you have an idea or recommendation, visit our community page and learn how you can get in touch.
We’re committed to improving our approach to accessibility and learning more every day. As we build on our approaches, we hope we’re able to help PatternFly designers and developers build accessibility into components and products from the beginning of a project to support an inclusive and accessible user experience.
GAAD is about education, conversation, and sharing, so we’d love to hear about your own approach to and experience with accessibility in the comments below! And don’t forget to share this post to help us spread the GAAD word.
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| 0.94731 | 699 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Nitrogen, symbol N, gaseous element that makes up the largest portion of the earth’s atmosphere.
The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Nitrogen is in group 15 (or Va) of the periodic table.
Nitrogen was discovered by the British physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772 and recognized as an
elemental gas by the French chemist, Antoine Laurent Lavoiser about 1776.
Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless tasteless, nontoxic gas. It can be condensed into a colorless
liquid, which can be compressed into a colorless, crystalline solid. Nitrogen exists in two natural forms,
and four radioactive forms (artificial). Nitrogen melts at -210.01 degrees C, (-349.02 F), boils at -195.79 C
(320.42 F), and has a density of 1.251 g/liter at 0 C (32 F) and 1 atmosphere pressure. The atomic weight
of nitrogen is 14.007.
Nitrogen is obtained from the atmosphere by passing air over heated copper of iron. The oxygen
is removed from the air, leaving nitrogen mixed with inert gases. Pure nitrogen is obtained by fractional
distillation of liquid air; because liquid nitrogen has a lower boiling point than liquid oxygen, the nitrogen
distills of first an can be collected.
Nitrogen compresses about 4/5ths by volume of the atmosphere. Nitrogen is inert and serves as a
diluent for oxygen in burning and respiration processes. It is an important element in plant nutrition;
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en
| 0.893018 | 326 | 3.796875 | 4 |
Basket Weaving Techniques : Pairing
Pairing is used mainly in round and oval bottoms. It is not suitable for siding, but it is sometimes used in place of a top wale. Pairing is carried out by taking the left-hand rod of the two over the other, behind the stake, and to the front again, repeating this with each rod alternately.
Claim Your Free Willow Handbook
The Willow Handbook is your quick start guide to the ancient craft of Willow Basket Weaving.
Inside The Willow Handbook you will learn:
- Methods of cultivation, harvesting and preparation of Willow
- Work space and tools required for basket weaving
- Technical terms and essential weaving techniques
Click Here To Get Your Free Copy !
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en
| 0.895917 | 153 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Chain or Compound Percentages
If £50 is increased by 10%, we calculate 10% of £50 and add the answer.
We could have obtained the same answer by multiplying £50 by
This method is especially convenient when an amount is increased several times by different percentages.
Suppose £50 is increased in turn by 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% successively.
To increase by 10% multiply by
To increase by 15% multiply by
To increase by 20% multiply by
To increase by 25% multiply by
To increase by 10% then 15% then 20% then 25%, multiply by
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en
| 0.957116 | 128 | 3.25 | 3 |
Canadian Space Agency
The Astronautics Vocabulary is a glossary of terms that pertain to the science and technology of spaceflight. This alphabetical list can be navigated by clicking on the letters A-Z displayed on this page.
Definition: A jet propulsion engine carrying the necessary fuel.
Other Definition: None
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| 0.732126 | 66 | 2.671875 | 3 |
This REPTILES Flip Flap book® is the perfect addition to your unit on Reptiles! Get ready to have your students APPLY everything they learned about Reptiles in this fresh and funky Flip-Flap Book®!
Included in this unit is:
- 1 R-E-P-T-I-L-E-S Flip-Flap Book® - The students will have the opportunity to demonstrate what they have learned about Reptiles within this resource.
- define what a reptile is
- write about their favorite reptile and why it is their favorite
- write 2 facts and 1 opinion about a specific reptile
- complete a Reptiles Description Bubble Map
- complete a Reptiles Can, Have, Are graphic organizer
- research a specific reptile and complete the graphic organizer with habitat, food, description, protection, enemies, and interesting facts
- write an expository paragraph using their research that includes a topic sentence, supporting details, and a conclusion
This flip-flap book® could also be used as an authentic assessment to evaluate the depth of knowledge your students gained through your unit on reptiles.
Please Note: This unit requires 8 1/2 x 11 AND 8 1/2 x 14 (legal size) photocopy paper. In order to print this unit, you will need BOTH SIZES OF PAPER!
Try something NEW, DIFFERENT, and FRESH with your students. You can be sure they will have a blast showing their knowledge in a fun and interactive way!
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| 0.921305 | 320 | 3.609375 | 4 |
October 1990 ushered in a period of war, death and devastation in Rwanda. Civil war ravaged the country and ultimately culminated in the 1994 genocide of 500,000 to 1 million people in a period of a little over three months.
Only 25 years since the Rwandan Genocide, many women in Rwanda are still recovering from loss, hardship and trauma. Militants raped between 250,000 to 500,000 women during the genocide and many who survived lost friends, family and community. Determined to raise up their communities after a period of national devastation, here are five resilient women in Rwanda who inspire and create change for the present and the future of Rwanda.
Five Resilient Women in Rwanda
- Christelle Kwizera
Christelle Kwizera graduated magna cum laude from Oklahoma Christian University, where she researched purifying water via ozone. Now Christelle is the managing director of Water Access Rwanda, whose mission is to provide clean, affordable and reliable water sources to combat water security. Operating since 2014, Water Access Rwanda provided access to clean water to more than 132,000 people, schools, businesses and farms throughout not only Rwanda but also within the Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi and Uganda.
- Elise Rida Musomandera
Elise Rida Musomandera lost both of her parents at an early age. This dramatically shaped her life and fed her determination to combat hunger, empower women and youth and support survivors of genocide and individuals with AIDS. In 2014, Elise founded Isano Women and Youth Empowerment. Elise is the CEO of her nonprofit organization and leads the fight against poverty, promotes peace, protects the environment and empowers others through education.
- Safi Umukundwa
At only 8 years old, Safi Umukundwa became a survivor and orphan of genocide. On account of her resiliency and dedication, she excelled in secondary school. She ultimately received funding for university education and inspired the name of the nonprofit, Safi Life, where she serves as the county director of Rwanda. Safi Life works to promote female advancement in Africa through awarding university scholarships and funding education for women, which additionally combats domestic abuse and poverty. As a result, Safi works to build up and inspire the next generation of strong and resilient women in Rwanda.
- Salaama Numukobwa
Salaama Numukobwa is a mother, activist and inspiration. Since 2011, she served her community through volunteer work. Salaama is now the community facilitator of Mind Leaps in Rwanda. Mind Leaps is a nonprofit organization that works with vulnerable and at-risk youth through dance, increasing cognitive and social-emotional development. Seventy percent of students who completed Mind Leaps’ dance program in Rwanda performed within the top 20 percent of their classes in 2017.
- Solange Impanoyimana
Solange Impanoyimana was only 11 years old when the Rwandan genocide left her to provide for herself. Committed to furthering her education, she achieved her bachelor’s degree and went on to co-found Resonate. Resonate is a nonprofit that provides girls and women leadership workshops to cultivate skills and increase confidence through storytelling, professional development and action leadership programs. In 2017, 36 percent of participants started businesses, 60 percent fill leadership roles and 43 percent have secured employment, promotions or academic opportunities.
Only a quarter-decade after the dark stain of hatred and genocide affected Rwanda, Christelle, Elise, Safi, Salaama and Solange shine their light on the future of their country. These courageous women are the epitome of strength and represent millions of resilient women in Rwanda.
– Keeley Griego
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| 0.942627 | 763 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Many things can cause hair loss in humans, and most diagnoses have “alopecia” in their names. While environmental factors can lead to thinning hair and bald heads, genetics are responsible for the most common type of hair loss: androgenetic alopecia (AGA).
AGA is commonly known as male pattern baldness. It affects more than 95 percent of all men with hair loss. Some men lose their hair before they turn 21 years of age. More than two-thirds experience some measure of hair loss by age 35. By age 50, an overwhelming majority of men have considerable hair loss.
Hair Loss and Emotions
Although modern culture associates baldness with sexiness and virility, most men are unhappy about their hair loss. Thinning hair affects almost every part of their lives. While hair loss is not a mental disorder, it can cause great emotional distress. It can negatively impact relationships and careers.
Many products claim to prevent hair loss and restore hair growth, but not all of them are effective. Only two products have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to stop hair loss and encourage regrowth. Just a few surgeons currently perform hair restoration to the highest standards. A frank discussion with a doctor is advisable before men pursue a hair loss treatment.
Common Hair Loss Causes
Many factors can contribute to hair loss in men. Illness or disease, medications, nutrient deficiencies and intense stress are possible reasons for hair loss. Androgenetic alopecia, however, is almost always the result of hormones and genetics.
Men with male pattern baldness inherit a sensitivity to DHT, a medical abbreviation for dihydrotestosterone. DHT is a derivative of testosterone, the chief male sex hormone. The 5 alpha-reductase enzyme, which is involved in steroid metabolism, converts testosterone into DHT. Elevated levels of scalp DHT results in damaged hair follicles.
While the genetic process of androgenetic alopecia is unclear, scientists think that DHT shrinks the hair follicles. When the hormone is suppressed, the hair follicles thrive. The right treatment can stop or slow the DHT conversion process and prevent hair loss.
Common Hair Loss Treatments
Finasteride and minoxidil are two medically-proven treatments for male pattern baldness. These FDA-approved drugs act as 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors to block DHT and prevent hair loss. Finasteride was originally developed to treat enlarged prostate glands, and minoxidil was developed to treat high blood pressure. Hair growth was an interesting side effect of these drugs.
Today, men use topical minoxidil to encourage hair growth. Minoxidil is an over-the-counter product. Finasteride, available only by prescription, is an effective DHT blocker. Unfortunately, these drugs have the potential for scalp irritation and sexual side effects such as low libido and erectile dysfunction (ED).
For some men, natural hair loss products are a better solution. Available in pill form as nutritional supplements, or as a topical foam or shampoo, these products are safe and produce few unwanted side effects. The best hair loss treatments contain ingredients that inhibit the 5 alpha-reductase, block DHT and support healthy hair.
Hair transplants are the most common surgical hair loss treatment. These procedures remove skin-and-hair plugs from healthy areas of the scalp and implant them into bald sections. Surgical scalp reduction is another treatment option. For men who do not respond well to drugs or hair restoration treatments, natural-looking wigs and hairpieces can cover hair loss.
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en
| 0.942074 | 749 | 3.1875 | 3 |
One year ago tomorrow, at 12.51 p.m. on a Tuesday, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake struck south-east of Christchurch’s business district. Our thoughts are with the people who lived through it and are still living through it, and with people who lost someone in the quake.
While updating Te Ara’s story about the 2010–11 Canterbury earthquakes, we looked at the 10,000+ aftershocks map in awe. We started to wonder about the history of earthquakes in the region, why we have so many earthquakes in New Zealand and how they’re measured.
The Web Team here at Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage, went looking through the wealth of information, diagrams and data on Te Ara, NZHistory and available through Geonet, and assembled an infographic to present this information together – click on the image below to view the complete infographic. It is the first of a series of infographics and visualisation that we’re calling ‘Perspectives’. The idea behind them is to give our users a new way of looking at aspects of our culture and history. Each of the Perspectives infographics will be visually rich, filled with interesting facts, available under Creative Commons (BY NC), and hopefully they will have something for anyone at any level to take away with them.
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en
| 0.946816 | 279 | 3.203125 | 3 |
One of the three sons of Zeruiah, David's sister, and "captain of the host" during the whole of David's reign ( 2 Samuel 2:13 ; 10:7 ; 11:1 ; 1 Kings 11:15 ). His father's name is nowhere mentioned, although his sepulchre at Bethlehem is mentioned ( 2 Samuel 2:32 ). His two brothers were Abishai and Asahel, the swift of foot, who was killed by Abner ( 2 Samuel 2:13-32 ), whom Joab afterwards treacherously murdered ( 3:22-27 ). He afterwards led the assault at the storming of the fortress on Mount Zion, and for this service was raised to the rank of "prince of the king's army" ( 2 Samuel 5:6-10 ; 1 Chronicles 27:34 ). His chief military achievements were, (1) against the allied forces of Syria and Ammon; (2) against Edom ( 1 Kings 11:151 Kings 11:16 ); and (3) against the Ammonites ( 2 Samuel 10:7-19 ; 2 Samuel 11:12 Samuel 11:11 ). His character is deeply stained by the part he willingly took in the murder of Uriah ( 11:14-25 ). He acted apparently from a sense of duty in putting Absalom to death ( 18:1-14 ). David was unmindful of the many services Joab had rendered to him, and afterwards gave the command of the army to Amasa, Joab's cousin ( 2 Samuel 20:1-13 ; 19:13 ). When David was dying Joab espoused the cause of Adonijah in preference to that of Solomon. He was afterwards slain by Benaiah, by the command of Solomon, in accordance with his father's injunction ( 2 Samuel 3:29 ; 20:5-13 ), at the altar to which he had fled for refuge. Thus this hoary conspirator died without one to lift up a voice in his favour. He was buried in his own property in the "wilderness," probably in the north-east of Jerusalem ( 1 Kings 2:51 Kings 2:28-34 ). Benaiah succeeded him as commander-in-chief of the army.
These dictionary topics are from M.G. Easton M.A., D.D., Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Third Edition, published by Thomas Nelson, 1897. Public Domain, copy freely.
[N] indicates this entry was also found in Nave's Topical Bible [H] indicates this entry was also found in Hitchcock's Bible Names [S] indicates this entry was also found in Smith's Bible Dictionary Bibliography InformationEaston, Matthew George. "Entry for Joab". "Easton's Bible Dictionary". .
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| 0.968126 | 568 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Irish and Celtic myths and legends, Irish folklore and Irish fairy tales and Legendary Places in Ireland
The breathtaking fortress of Dun Aengus, perched on the edge of a steep cliff
Dun Aengus means "the Fort of Aenghus", and remains one of the most impressive ancient monuments in Ireland, Europe or the world. Perched on the edge of a high and jagged cliff with the grey-green waters of the Atlantic battering below, it gained its name from its original builders, who were called the Fir Bolg, some of the first to arrive in Ireland and who strove mightily with the Tuatha de Dannan at Moy Tura.
"The Fir Bolg gave them battle upon Mag Tuired; they were a long time fighting that battle. At last it broke against the Fir Bolg, and the slaughter pressed northward, and a hundred thousand of them were slain…The Fir Bolg fell in that battle all but a few, and they went out of Ireland in flight from the Tuatha Dé Dannan…
Thereafter they came in flight before Cairbre under the protection of Meldb and Ailill, and these gave them lands. This is the wandering of the sons of Umor. Oengus son of Umor was king over them in the east, and from them are named those territories, Loch CIme from Cime Four-Heads son of Umor, the Point of Taman in Medraige from Taman son of Umor, the Fort of Oengus in Ara from Oengus, the Stone-heap of Conall in Aidne from Conall, Mag Adair from Adar, Mag Asail from Asal in Mumu also. Menn son of Umor was the poet. They were in fortresses and in islands of the sea around Ireland in that wise, till Cu Chulaind overwhelmed them."
After the Fir Bolg it was reputed to have become the last refuge of the feared Fomorian sea demons as well.
It lies within four great stone walls, open on one side to the ocean, and among its most striking features is the circle of jagged stones that surrounds it. These were meant to make approach to the fort difficult, and they'd have done a fine job of it too, for even now the edges of the stones are sharp and you could do yourself a severe injury by falling atop one.
In the heart of the fourteen acre enclosure is a giant stone slab, although to what purpose it was put in the olden days none can say. The fort could see a great distance out to either side as well, and so perhaps acted as a watchtower for invaders, traders or raiders. Its age is unknown but very great, and its history is less known again, but if you're visiting you'd be best to do so during the evenings, when there are fewer visitors.
Dun Aengus still stands where it's marked on the map below.
We now have an amazing Patreon page as well, where you can listen to the many myths and legends on the Emerald Isle! Exclusive to our Patreon, you can now hear stories of ancient Ireland, folklore and fairy tales and more, all professionally narrated. It's at times like these that it's most important to support artists and creative people whose income might be reduced, so if you'd like to support the work that goes into Emerald Isle, the Patreon can be found here: https://www.patreon.com/emeraldisle
Legendary Places in Ireland
Ireland is a land of many treasures – some are well known while others are known only to a few, like the mysterious stone circles of Beaghmore! In the north of County Tyrone they can be found, at the edge of the Sperrin mountains looking out over the wide countryside below, dating back to the bronze age and earlier, to the time when the Tuath ... [more]
The royal ringfort of Grianán Ailigh was known as the father of every building in Ireland by the Annals of the Four Masters, who also claimed it was first built in the year 1500 BC, in the time of the Tuatha Dé Danann! A mighty place of strength it is and was and may always be, one of the few locations in Ireland correctly marked on a ... [more]
Knockma of the mists is a place wreathed in secrets and myth where they say sleeps the greatest king of the Sidhe, he whose name was Finnbheara! Should you go for a walk around Knockma Hill, pay close attention to that which you cannot see – a warm breeze meant a good fairy was passing by, and a sudden shiver meant an evil one was close! J ... [more]
Nine is a mystical number in Irish folklore, being thrice three, itself known from ancient times as a mysterious symbol, and so should you happen across nine stones, you would do well to be extra careful! For who knows what might lie sleeping just below the surface. And such a place can be found on the saddle between Sliabh Bán, the White ... [more]
Once upon a time there were many kingdoms in Ireland, and many kings, or perhaps they would have been better known as chieftains, but kings they were for all that. As time went by each of these kingdoms fell and were joined one into the other, but yet a single kingdom still remains in the farthest north and farthest west of the country, and this is ... [more]
Ireland's bones are made of stories, you can hardly step over a rock or walk past an old mound but if it could speak, it would tell you tales you could hardly imagine. But of all the legended glens and fields misty with memory in this ancient nation, there are few with as many secrets hidden in their depths as Lough Gur in county Limerick. S ... [more]
There are tens of thousands of round stone forts in Ireland, some say as many as fifty thousand, if you can believe it, and one of the finest examples we have is at Kilcashel in County Mayo, which comes from the Irish Coill an Chaisil, the woods of the stone fort. Almost perfectly circular in construction, with thick walls two broad men could walk ... [more]
Scattered throughout the Irish countryside are hundreds if not thousands of holy wells, almost all of great antiquity, even predating Christianity. They can take almost any form and show up in any place, shimmering in the shadow of engraved stone monuments, in lapping sea caves where the fresh and salt waters mingle twice a day, as natural springs ... [more]
In county Roscommon there's a place of great antiquity called Oweynagat, which some have mistakenly thought to mean the Cave of Cats, although it has nothing to do with cats - “cath” being the Irish word for “battle” and so it should rightfully be called the battle cave. Indeed it has a long association with the Morrigan ... [more]
The Burren is one of the wonders of Ireland. A rolling rocky landscape of limestone hills and plains, it is marked with history stretching back thousands of years. Nestled in between the limestone slabs are herbs and plants you'd be hard pressed to find elsewhere, hailing from places as far afield as the Arctic and the Mediterranean, kept warm ... [more]
Older than Stonehenge and the great pyramids of Giza stands Newgrange, the heart of legends and mysteries stretching back five thousand years. Situated along the river Boyne near to numerous other such places like Knowth and Dowth, that very same river where Fionn Mac Cumhaill was said to have first found and tasted the salmon of knowledge, and the ... [more]
The seat of the High Kings of Ireland of old, Tara or Temair as it was known then, is said to have been the seat of a hundred and forty two kings, kingships won by battle, contest and merit, not passed down father to son as in more primitive cultures. One of the most important monuments in the sacred Boyne valley, its history stretches back four th ... [more]
Dun Aengus means "the Fort of Aenghus", and remains one of the most impressive ancient monuments in Ireland, Europe or the world. Perched on the edge of a high and jagged cliff with the grey-green waters of the Atlantic battering below, it gained its name from its original builders, who were called the Fir Bolg, some of the first to arriv ... [more]
Crannogs, the name meaning "young trees" for reasons which aren't too clear, were dwelling places for people in Ireland from the time of the Tuatha de Dannan right up to the seventeenth century. They were built on shallow lakes or pools on top of tree trunks stuck into the lake bottom, piles of rocks, mud and other debris or on natura ... [more]
Croagh Patrick or Patrick's Stack is an important place of pilgrimage for Christians throughout Ireland and the world today, some even walking the ascent in their bare feet as penance for their sins. However it was considered a holy place long before St Patrick came to visit, even though it is said he banished the snakes from Ireland while stan ... [more]
Rising from the ocean a short distance off the coast of county Kerry in southern Ireland, Skellig Michael and its smaller brother rear up out of the Atlantic ocean like jagged grey teeth. Famous poet George Bernard Shaw who visited the place in 1910, called it an "incredible, impossible, mad place" and "part of our dream world". ... [more]
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| 0.973024 | 2,024 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Can the Big Bang be Merged with Genesis 1?
Vincent: Not sure how anything in the Big Bang contradicts Scripture.
R. Sungenis: Scripture says the earth came first, not light or the stars, and hence, not the Big Bang. The Big Bang has been thoroughly discredited by the ultra high-red shift of quasars that are connected to the low red shift of parent galaxies, and thus Hubble's law has been overturned.
The Big Bang was originally invented when Hubble saw all the universe's galaxies surrounding a central earth (The Observational View of Cosmology, 1936). In order to escape a central earth, Hubble invented an expanding universe so that the universe would look the same from wherever one viewed it, and thus not allow the earth to be in a unique central position (as Scripture said it was in Genesis 1:2, Chronicles, Psalms, Job, Isaiah). But the most amount of time he could pack into his expanding universe was 4 billion years. So Lemaitre invented the stop-and-go expansion, that is, the universe would stop expanding long enough for the required years for stellar and biological evolution to have some semblance of workability (about 15 to 20 billion years), and then start again. But regardless of the time to expand, to begin an expanding universe, you had to have the expansion start at one specific point, hence, the Big Bang "singularity" was invented as the beginning. Only problem was that the “singularity” was not matter, and thus an undefined state of being.
In essence, modern cosmology has been one effort after another to get away from the Scriptural evidence, not support it.
Vincent: I think it’s a big problem for Evolutionists as it limits how much time was available compared to the Steady-State universe model with infinite time in the past and future.
Big Bang says there was a beginning and will be an End ... Hmmmmm science confirming in the 1960's what Moses and the Prophets said thousands of years ago.
R. Sungenis: Everyone knows there has to be a beginning and an end to the universe. The Big Bang adds nothing to that fact.
Vincent: Big Bang theory confirms General Relativity!
R. Sungenis: Not really. General Relativity was invented to make up for the failure of Special Relativity to answer the 1887 Michelson-Morley experiment which showed the earth was in the center of the universe, motionless in space (just as Genesis 1:1-2, Chronicles, Psalms, says it is). Unfortunately for Einstein, in General Relativity he had to go back to the very ether he had rejected in Special Relativity, so he ended up contradicting himself. Moreover, General Relativity is not an answer to reality. It is merely a set of mathematical equations that were formulated by working backward into Newton's laws, and then tweaking them a bit more.
Vincent: General Relativity predicts Time Dilation (Clocks run slower in strong gravitational fields). So how much slower did clocks run at the BB moment of Creation of the Universe? Clocks run slower on the surface of the sun compared to the earth.
R. Sungenis: There is no scientific proof that clocks run slower in higher gravitational environments because of "General Relativity" principles. As many other scientists hold, clocks may run slower merely because there is more gravitational ether in higher gravitational environments against which the clock's mechanisms must interact. The greater the friction, the slower the clock will tick. Common sense.
Vincent: And slower on GPS satellites and we have to correct this in order to navigate on GPS.
R. Sungenis: Yes, but the correction is not proven to be from General Relativity's principles. GR is but one explanation among many. As physicist Clifford Will says: “General Relativity has passed every solar-system test with flying colors. Yet so have alternative theories.”
Incidentally, the "correction" that had to be built into the GPS is the "Sagnac correction." Sagnac was the scientist who in 1913 showed the existence of ether and absolute motion, the total antithesis of Einstein's Special and General Relativity which denied ether and absolute motion. Ironically, the only way General Relativity can "work" with the GPS is if the GPS computers are programmed with an anti-General Relativity correction -- the Sagnac correction.
Vincent: Answer: When you tune a radio between broadcast stations, or a TV between stations ... you get noise. What is that noise. That noise has been shown to be the Cosmic Background Radiation *(CBR*) residual from the BB when matter first formed from the Energy present at the BB. When matter formed there should have been Photons released. The heat of this energy should have measured 3 Trillion degrees K >>> BUT we measure this today at a very cold 3 degrees K. The Universe has cooled by* a factor of ONE TRILLION*.
R. Sungenis: There is no proof that the CMB is from a Big Bang. That is merely a convenient and self-serving interpretation. The CMB could merely be the residual temperature of the stellar energy in space, or any number of things. Ironically, it is the isotropy of the CMB which discredits the Big Bang, since the same energy existing in all directions means, once again, that the Earth is in the center of it all.
Vincent: Why is this important? We don't only measure Energy by temperature. We measure Energy by the Frequency of the Light (Electromagnetic wave) emitted. If the temperature of the *CBR* cooled by a factor of one trillion. That means the Frequency of the electromagnetic wave also slowed by one trillion. THE ATOMIC CLOCK RAN ONE TRILLION TIMES SLOWER AT THE CREATION THAN IT DOES NOW!
R. Sungenis: All self-serving speculation without an ounce of proof.
Vincent: It is an annoying coincidence to Genesis critics that 15 Billion years divided by One Trillion = *5.5 days*.
R. Sungenis: Genesis doesn't need our unproven speculations about how fast or slow atomic clocks ran or run. Again, trying to fit modern Big Bang cosmology into Genesis is totally futile, since Genesis insists that the Earth came first and everything else was built around it.
Vincent: If you read Genesis carefully, I think you will notice that a distinct difference in the pace of the narrative that occurs after God rests. The story proceeds from a human perspective ... its like we switched Clocks from God's Time to human time.
R. Sungenis: No, the same length of days are used before the seventh day as after. That is why Exodus 20:11 uses the same time factor for both periods.
Vincent: General Relativity. It’s in the Bible long before Einstein invented it in 1905. The more we learn ... The Bible is getting smarter all the time.
R. Sungenis: General Relativity is not in the Bible. It was invented by Einstein to escape the truths of the Bible, not support them. Those who see GR in the Bible are using eisegesis, not exegesis. Einstein was an atheist who hated the Catholic Church. I have many quotes to that effect in my book.
Vincent: It makes no difference to me whether the scientific community has all or part of their theory of the universe correct or wrong. The theories are always adjusted or sometimes completely discarded when new evidence surfaces.
But does scripture say the Earth was created before light? I am not sure. Genesis 1: The Beginning: 1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
Vincent: The Fabric of space and matter earth, water, air, and fire, which was thought to be the constituent matter of the heavenly bodies and latent in all things.
R. Sungenis: No, the fabric of space wasn't created until the second day, when God created the firmament. The firmament is also called the "heavens" (Genesis 1:8: "And God called the firmament heaven"), and the place where the birds fly (vr. 20).
Genesis 1:1 ("In beginning God created the heavens and the earth") is merely an introductory title for the rest of the creation days. It is like the chapter heading of a book. The earth is the first entity of matter that Genesis records. The second is the water surrounding the earth.
Vincent: 2 Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters. The matter (earth) that the planet earth is composed of had not yet formed the planet
R. Sungenis: The Hebrew simply means that the earth was indistinguishable ("formless") from the water that surrounded it, and no vegetation or anything else had yet been created on it ("empty").
Vincent: 3 And God said, "Let there be light," and there was light. 4 God saw that the light was good, and He separated the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light "day," and the darkness he called "night." And there was evening, and there was morning—the first day.
Light was emitted AFTER matter (Earth, the element) formed -- (That’s what the BB theory says ... The CBR is the result of the formation of matter). But before the planet Earth was formed.
R. Sungenis: No, the Big Bang theory says that the earth came about 8 billion years after the "light" of the Big Bang. Moreover, Genesis doesn't use the Hebrew word ERETS ("earth") for "matter." To translate ERETS as "matter" is an imposition on the text that is not supported by the context. The context speaks of an ERETS as having water surrounding it (vr. 1), which water was then divided from the land and the land was also called ERETS (vr. 10). The ERETS then had plants put on it the third day (vr. 11). In other words, ERETS always refers to the earth, not raw matter.
Vincent: All that was on the first day. It doesn't look like the Planet earth was finished until the second or third day.
R. Sungenis: Unless you can show how "matter" was surrounded by "water" before the "light" came, then the BB simply cannot fit into the chronology of Genesis 1.
Vincent: Two issues: 1. Did Augustine, Origen, and Aquinas believe Moses?
"What person of intelligence, I ask, will consider as a reasonable statement that the first and the second and the third day, in which there are said to be both morning and evening, existed without sun and moon and stars, while the first day was even without a heaven? […] I do not think anyone will doubt that these are figurative expressions which indicate certain mysteries through a semblance of history."
R. Sungenis: It doesn’t take any more intelligence to figure out that the light of Genesis 1:3 on Day 1 was composed of the same substance as the light which the sun and stars produced on Day 4, that is, fire. It also is reasonable to assume that the earth existed as a tiny sphere surrounded by millions of miles of ice (water), and that a hemispherical mass of fire revolved around the earth for the first three days, creating a day and night sequence, which eventually liquified the ice so that life could then be sustained by Day 3. When the firmament expanded (as Day 2 specifies in vrs. 6-9) it took the fire with it to the recesses of its created space, perhaps then being used to constitute the stars and the other light-bearing bodies in space, while a residual was left in the proximity of Earth and was formed into the sun.
Vincent: Origen, On First Principles: "Perhaps Sacred Scripture in its customary style is speaking with the limitations of human language in addressing men of limited understanding. … The narrative of the inspired writer brings the matter down to the capacity of children."
R. Sungenis: Origen was known for allegorizing almost the entire Scripture, even parts that were commonly accepted by everyone else as quite literal, so his allegorizing of Genesis 1 really doesn’t mean much. So his opinion here is not really decisive, especially when every other Father took Genesis 1-3 very literally.
Vincent: St. Augustine, The Literal Meaning of Genesis : "On the day on which God created the heaven and the earth, He created also every plant of the field, not, indeed, actually, but "before it sprung up in the earth," that is, potentially. … All things were not distinguished and adorned together, not from a want of power on God's part, as requiring time in which to work, but that due order might be observed in the instituting of the world. Hence it was fitting that different days should be assigned to the different states of the world, as each succeeding work added to the world a fresh state of perfection."
R. Sungenis: That was only one of Augustine’s ideas for interpreting Genesis 1. Augustine, by his own admission, struggled with Genesis 1 because he didn’t know how to fit in the angels, which then led him to think that the Days may be for the contemplation of the angels. He also got confused by his misconstruing of Sirach 18:1 (“He that liveth for ever created all things together”) which he believed taught that all things were created at once. Augustine didn’t know either Hebrew or Greek in order to figure out that Sirach 18:1 wasn’t making a chronological commentary on Genesis 1, he only knew the Latin (which misconstrued the LXX Greek word KOINE (“in common”) for the Latin SIMUL (“altogether”). Moreover, Augustine never abandoned his original interpretation that the Days of Genesis 1 were sequential. He merely said he preferred the “at once” interpretation due to the issue about the angels, and he also said (in the Literal Interpretation of Genesis) that he was open to have his mind changed on the issue if someone could come up with a better explanation.
Vincent: Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica: "In matters that are so obscure and far beyond our vision, we find in Holy Scripture passages which can be interpreted in very different ways without prejudice to the faith we have received. In such cases, we should not rush in headlong and so firmly take our stand on one side that, if further progress in the search of truth justly undermines this position, we too fall with it. That would be to battle not for the teaching of Holy Scripture but for our own, wishing its teaching to conform to ours, whereas we ought to wish ours to conform to that of Sacred Scripture."
R. Sungenis: Well, all the Fathers, even Origen, DID take a strong stand on Genesis 1. No one was without an interpretation he didn’t feel was correct. Aquinas is talking about Scripture in general, not necessarily about Genesis 1.
Vincent: And I copied this from John Wesley's Genesis 1 Wesley's Notes on the Bible
2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
1:2 Where we have an account of the first matter, and the first Mover.
1. A chaos was the first matter. 'Tis here called the earth, (tho' the earth, properly taken, was not made 'till the third day, Ge 1:10) because it did most resemble that which was afterwards called earth, a heavy unwieldy mass. 'Tis also called the deep, both for its vastness, and because the waters which were afterwards separated from the earth were now mixed with it. This mighty bulk of matter was it, out of which all bodies were afterwards produced. The Creator could have made his work perfect at first, but by this gradual proceeding he would shew what is ordinarily the method of his providence, and grace. This chaos, was without form and void. Tohu and Bohu, confusion and emptiness, so those words are rendered, Isa 34:11. 'Twas shapeless, 'twas useless, 'twas without inhabitants, without ornaments; the shadow or rough draught of things to come. To those who have their hearts in heaven, this lower world, in comparison of the upper, still appears to be confusion and emptiness. And darkness was upon the face of the deep - God did not create this darkness, (as he is said to create the darkness of affliction, Isa 45:7.) for it was only the want of light.
R. Sungenis: Mr. Wesley is not exegeting Scripture here. He is just asserting his opinion. Furthermore, his opinion does not agree with the text. Genesis 1 says nothing about the Earth being created on the “third day.” I don’t know anyone who holds that view. As I said in my last email, the Hebrew word ERETS does not refer to anything but the Earth as we know it today. Raw matter cannot be encompassed by water, only the Earth as a spherical object could be encompassed by water, and then have that same water divided vertically and horizontally on Day 2, since water assumes the shape of its container.
Vincent: 2. It is claimed the Earth was created before Light. That would certainly be a Miracle... and I believe in miracles ... but you cannot expect the scientists to explain the universe by invoking Miracles.
R. Sungenis: The Big Bang IS a miracle. Anyone who believes that something (matter) came from nothing (a singularity composed of no matter) believes in miracles. Modern science merely prefers its own miracles to the miracles in the Bible.
Vincent: As far as I know, in Physics (not miracles), light is the child of matter. If matter exists at any temperature above 0 Kelvin ... Photons will be emitted. So God when he created the Earth would have had to first or simultaneously created the matter the Earth is composed of... when He did this ... he also created Light at the same time.
R. Sungenis: They are still struggling to figure out whether light is a wave or a particle, much less whether there are packets called photons. I don’t think anyone is prepared to say, definitively, what light is. We might agree that anything above 0 Kelvin emits energy, but whether it is visible light that could create a day/night sequence is another story altogether. Obviously, the matter which composed the Earth and the water surrounding the Earth on Day 1 was composed of atomic particles, including electrons, and thus there was a form of energy. But the Light God created on Day 1 is in the visible spectrum, and enough to accomplish its task of illuminating the Earth.
Vincent: Now which came first, the chicken or the egg? As a believer in Creation ... THE CHICKEN! Likewise, Light is the daughter of matter. But I suppose if HE wanted to, God could have created the Earth and matter at precisely the same moment, and the matter could have been at Absolute Zero Kelvin temperature.
R. Sungenis: Yes, the Earth and the ice could have been at 0 Kelvin. The Light could have made the temperature of the firmament 2.73 Kelvin, as it is today. As for the chicken and the egg, is fire (which is light) from matter? Many scientists consider fire the fourth state of matter, which they call plasma. It is not pure energy and not pure matter, but seems to be something in between the two.
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Mechanisms Underlying Changes in Encoding of Neuronal Information by Backward Travelling Action Potentials
Neurons encode stimuli by generating action potentials at the axon origin and propagating them along the axon trunk. However, axons can also possess secondary (ectopic) action potentials initiation sites, far from the stimulus encoding site, the axon origin. Action potentials initiated at ectopic sites travel both forward and backward along the axon. We have previously shown that when action potentials travel backward they change how stimuli are encoded in neurons using an experimentally advantageous neuron in the stomatogastric nervous system of the crab, Cancer borealis. Specifically, increases in the frequency of ectopic action potentials delay the start time of encoding, reduce the number of action potentials produced, and decrease the burst duration of the encoded stimuli. While backward travelling action potentials clearly affect encoding, the mechanism underlying their actions remains unclear. Our current computational modelling indicates that these changes to encoding require a slow hyperpolarizing current to be present at the site of encoding. However, what this current changes at the site of initiation to promote changes in encoding remains unclear. Preliminary results indicate that as this current accumulates with increasing ectopic action potential frequencies, the total membrane conductance increases and the membrane potential hyperpolarizes. Consequently, other voltage-gated ionic conductances at the site of encoding are also affected, i.e. their open probabilities and activation states change. We hypothesize that the changes in membrane potential alone are necessary and sufficient to elicit the observed ectopic action potential frequency dependent modulation of sensory encoding. We are currently testing this hypothesis using models, which allow us to alter the membrane potential at the site of encoding independent of ectopic action potential frequency. This will provide a better understanding of the underlying mechanism facilitating the effects backward travelling action potentials on encoding observed physiologically.
DeMaegd, Margaret, "Mechanisms Underlying Changes in Encoding of Neuronal Information by Backward Travelling Action Potentials" (2018). University Research Symposium. 38.
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MADISON, Wis. -- Gardeners tend to look at earthworms as good helpers that break down fallen leaves and other organic matter into nutrients plants can use.
But not all earthworms do the same work in the soil. New research from the University of Wisconsin-Madison shows that Asian jumping worms, an invasive species first found in Wisconsin in 2013, may do their work too well, speeding up the exit of nutrients from the soil before plants can process them.
"Earthworms are the kind of organisms we call ecosystem engineers. They change the physical and chemical properties of the ecosystem as they dig and feed," says Monica Turner, a UW-Madison professor of zoology. "But nobody really understood if these Asian worms would have the same effect as the European worms we have had here for many years."
Jiangxiao Qiu, a former graduate student in Turner's laboratory and now a postdoctoral researcher with The Nature Conservancy, studied the impact the Asian worms -- of the species Amynthas agrestis and Amynthas tokioensis -- from July through October of 2014 in the forest at the UW Arboretum, and conducted an experiment on soil samples taken from around southern Wisconsin. Qiu's work was published this week in the journal Biological Invasions.
Unlike deep-dwelling European earthworms, the Asian jumping worms -- named for the way they flop and wriggle when held or disturbed -- prefer to live and eat within a few centimeters of the soil surface.
"What most interested me was how these earthworms would change the forest floor, especially the litter layer on top of the soil -- dead leaves and twigs and other materials," says Qiu. "And we could see the difference they made in the physical structure of the soil and the amount of leaf litter."
Leaf litter declined by 95 percent in forested study areas, and the Asian worms left behind residue that was almost pebbly in consistency -- grainy little balls of dirt that may make it hard for the seeds of native plants to germinate.
"Some plants need that leaf litter layer to get established at all," Turner says. "If the litter layer is gone, and the soil is bare and clumpy, the earthworms may help weedy plants come in along with other invasive plants that we don't want."
Through their flexible diets and high numbers, the Asian invaders make quick work of whatever food they find.
"These earthworms live in much higher density than European earthworms, and that leads to a much faster transformation from litter to available nutrients," Qiu says. "This increases the nutrients -- such as carbon, nitrogen and available phosphorus-- in the top soil."
Concentrations in the soil of some minerals released from the leaf litter as the worms eat increased down to a depth of 25 centimeters, and spiked later in the growing season when the worms are largest and most active.
"The fact that they take nutrients that are not available to plants -- because they're tied up in the dead leaves -- and make them available to plants is something you might like to have happen in your garden," Turner says. "But from our numbers, these worms make that natural process happen roughly twice as fast. It's like a fast-release fertilizer instead of slow-release, and that changes where the nutrients end up."
They may end up washing away before they can benefit many plants that count on a slower release, and then turn up where they're not wanted.
"Nitrate dissolves readily in water, and it moves with water. It's disappearing with the rain," says Turner. "And nitrate is a groundwater contaminant in many wells in Wisconsin, so it's not just the plants that benefit if the nitrate does not infiltrate deeper and deeper into the ground."
While Qiu noted the biggest changes in forest soils, samples from prairie soils showed changes, too. And grasslands are the choice habitat for the worms in their native ranges in East Asia.
"This suggests the prairie ecosystems might also be susceptible to future invasions," says Qiu, whose research was supported by the National Science Foundation.
Turner and other UW-Madison researchers are working on new studies exploring the invasive worms' range, how plants may deal with the changing soil chemistry, and the interaction between the Asian jumping worms and invasive plants like buckthorn.
"It's the balance between a lot of competing plant, animal and microbial processes that will determine the long-term effect of these earthworms," Turner says.
DOWNLOAD PHOTOS: https:/
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The map below shows the average number of inhabitants per household (“household size”) for each of Mexico’s states.
The national average household size is 3.9 persons. The middle band on the map shows those states with household size between 3.7 and 4.0 inclusive. The darkest shade shows states with a household size of 4.1 or greater; the lightest shade shows those with a household size of 3.6 or smaller.
- Compare this map with the maps of:
- Discuss the possible reasons for any connections you note between household size, potable water, GDP/person and infant mortality.
- What other factors might also affect household sizes?
- What are the drawbacks to using any of these measures (household size, potable water, GDP/person, infant mortality) on their own as a development indicator?
Development indices of various kinds are discussed in chapters 29 and 30 of Geo-Mexico: the geography and dynamics of modern Mexico. Ask your local library to purchase a copy today!
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A world-renowned geologist has published a study suggesting carbon dioxide may not have a huge effect on climate change. The implications of Jan Veizer's work has sent shockwaves through the climate research community.
It has long been theorised that carbon dioxide is the driving force behind the greenhouse effect and global warming. But Veizer's research identified long periods in the Earth's geological past when elevated levels of carbon dioxide were actually associated with a drop in average temperature.
He says he doesn't want to jeopardize the environmental agenda, but he thought it better to be honest than to conceal the results.
Veizer, who works at the University of Ottawa and at Ruhr University in Germany, examined fossils from a primitive clam that has existed for almost 500 million years. When these organisms were alive, the composition of the atmosphere left its traces in their shells and skeletons. Using this data, the researchers were able to reconstruct the Earth's climate over time.
- Related story: Canada, U.S. sign clean air deal
Levels of carbon dioxide taken from this picture were then fed into a computer climate model. The computer then generated the expected temperatures for those time periods.
During two periods, the actual and expected temperatures didn't match. Veizer does admit the computer model could be wrong, but if it's not, he says the numbers point to a diminished role for carbon dioxide in global warming.
He says he thinks carbon dixide and other greenhouse gases may not drive climate change, but simply amplify change set off by some other factor. He thinks that factor may be the sun and solar radiation.
His critics say Veizer's readings may be accurate, but that other factors need to be considered before carbon dioxide can be discounted as a cause of global warming.
Andrew Weaver, one of Canada's leading climate modelers says the Earth of 400 million years ago was significantly different and can't be compared fairly to our situation today.
Weaver points out that during the ice ages Veizer's numbers point to, all the land was concentrated arount the South Pole, and radiation from the sun was lower than it is today.
Others say the fact that carbon dioxide levels have increased at an unprecedented rate during the past few decades cannot be properly addressed by Veizer's study.
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A recent surge of measles cases in the United States has seen outbreaks in 23 states and the declaration of a public health emergency in New York City. While measles was declared eliminated in the US in 2000, this latest upswing is part of an almost 300% rise in global measles cases this year.
Australia was declared free of measles in 2014. While the virus more commonly occurs in low and middle income countries, recent outbreaks in the US, Europe and Israel indicate a deeply concerning resurgence in the developed world. Following a spate of cases across Australia over the summer, an important question must now be asked: can Australians do more to prevent a serious outbreak at home?
A growing problem
Measles is a highly contagious and serious disease characterised by fever, cough, coryzal symptoms and rash; up to 90% of susceptible people with close contact to a measles patient will become infected. In serious cases, swelling and inflammation in the brain can result in brain damage or death, with more than 100,000 deaths recorded globally in 2017.
Outbreaks in the US commonly occur in communities with lower vaccination rates, including the Amish and Ultra-Orthodox Jewish populations. The recent outbreak among Orthodox Jewish communities in New York City originated with an unvaccinated child who had visited Israel, which battled 4000 cases in 2018, up from 30 the year before.
While the rise of anti-vaxxers has contributed to this global increase in measles transmission, the movement does not appear to have had much of an impact in Australia. Measles vaccination rates are nearly 93.5% in Australian children, keeping the country in the 90-95% target range required to achieve herd immunity against the disease. At this level of vaccination, it is extremely difficult for the virus to spread in a community, providing protection for children who are not vaccinated due to medical illness, conscientious objection or being too young.
Are Australians at risk?
Australia’s relatively high national and state vaccination rates can obscure areas where the percentage of fully immunised children drops below 85%. Decreasing immunity in people born between 1966 and 1994 is also of concern; while Australia’s current two-dose measles vaccine schedule provides lifelong immunity in more than 96% of people, a one-dose schedule was relied upon until the early 1990s, leaving those aged in their 20s to 50s at increased risk.
Growing rates of travel to at-risk locations further increases the likelihood of the virus crossing borders.
Growing rates of travel to at-risk locations further increases the likelihood of the virus crossing borders. Australia is currently experiencing a national measles spike, with nearly 100 confirmed cases this year, most likely due to tourists and travellers returning from overseas.
In 2012, a man returning to Australia from Thailand became the first case in an eight-month outbreak that ultimately affected 167 people across southwest Sydney. While most of the affected local government areas had vaccination coverage rates similar to the state average, these high-level geographic statistics lack the sensitivity to detect pockets of low immunity.
A post-outbreak review found that approximately 20% of cases were reported in people from the Pacific islands, particularly Samoa. While Australia does not collect immunisation data by ethnicity, staff working in school-based measles clinics during the outbreak reported that many students from the Pacific islands missed routine childhood vaccinations including the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine, both before and after their arrival in Australia.
Raise the index of suspicion for measles
An expert panel convened in Sydney after the 2012 outbreak recommended strategies to address poor vaccine coverage in migrant communities, such as the inclusion of measles vaccination status in travellers’ health records – a strategy already used to control the spread of yellow fever in endemic countries. Other experts have called for more research into the drivers of low rates of vaccination in some communities, including the possible role of anti-vaccination sentiment.
Ensuring up to date policy for the rapid diagnosis and triage of suspected measles cases is also critical. Alarmingly, 16 infections in the 2012 Sydney outbreak occurred within healthcare facilities, including general practice waiting rooms, emergency departments and hospital wards. Many patients made multiple presentations to health services before the disease was identified, and some patients presenting with fever and a rash were not effectively isolated. These issues had been identified after a smaller outbreak in Sydney in 2011, but had not been addressed in time for the next outbreak.
Some of these gaps can be explained by the fact that many young clinicians have little or no experience with measles. In the most recent outbreak among a community of Orthodox Jews in Michigan, a physician initially missed the signs of measles in the index patient, only to make the correct diagnosis when the patient presented again the next day. The doctor was congratulated by health authorities after making the diagnosis despite never having seen the disease. Many other healthcare workers miss the chance to stop an outbreak in its tracks.
This case is a stark reminder of the importance of keeping university curricula up to date. Accurate and timely diagnosis is critical in limiting viral outbreaks, and it is essential that future healthcare workers first think about measles in the classroom, rather than on the job.
A new normal: where to now?
Global elimination of measles remains an aspirational target. With the virus set to make a slow comeback in countries once hoped to be free of the disease, Australian health authorities can expect to see more outbreaks sparked by returning travellers, spreading predominantly in communities with low immunity.
Increased visibility of measles elimination, funding for greater research on existing knowledge gaps and efforts to improve access for those with logistical or language barriers will all be critical strategies in countering this threat. Ongoing vigilance will give Australians the best chance of limiting future outbreaks and safeguarding national wellbeing.
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Vaccine for malaria now in development
The WHO recommended the use of the RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine for children in sub-Saharan Africa and other areas with high malaria transmission in a press release on Oct. 6. This vaccine is a ground-breaking new preventative measure for malaria that is showing promising results in clinical trials.
According to the World Health Organization, the malaria parasite is one of the leading causes of childhood illness and death in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasite, carried by mosquitos and transmitted to humans, leads to millions of deaths every year. There are insecticides that can be used to kill the mosquito hosts, and nets can be draped over beds to prevent people from being bitten, but these preventive measures are not always effective.
“I think that it’s a good idea (to distribute this vaccine) as Protozoal infections are hard to fight because we share similar characteristics in our cellular makeup,” said David McKenna, sophomore nursing student.
The WHO press release noted that there has not been significant research or scientific progress in stopping this disease in the last several years.
However, this vaccination program could save millions of lives if it continues to be effective.
“This is a historic moment,” said Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO director-general, in the press release. “The long-awaited malaria vaccine for children is a breakthrough for science, child health and malaria control. Using this vaccine on top of existing tools to prevent malaria could save tens of thousands of young lives each year.”
The pilot programs for this vaccine have been effective in preventing the disease while also preserving the preventative effects of insecticides and anti-mosquito nets, according to the WHO.
For those who cannot afford insecticides and mosquito nets, however, this vaccine will be immensely helpful in preventing malaria transmission.
“This vaccine will help us, as public health professionals, to eliminate the inequalities and death rates amongst these populations, and amongst those who do not have access to mosquito nets,” said Dr. Ogbochi McKinney, associate professor of public health, director of the master’s in public health program and director of practice experience.
Another benefit of this vaccine, WHO noted, is that it is easy to deliver and readily available to many. They saw that even during the COVID-19 pandemic, patients were able to gain access to the vaccine. Many pediatric patients who did not have access to mosquito nets were also able to access this vaccine and thus receive protection from the parasite for the first time.
“The vaccine, to me, looks promising from what we’ve seen during the clinical trials,” McKinney said. “My only prayer and hope is that some of the challenges that we have seen in the past when it comes to rolling out vaccination programs will be addressed early.”
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University of North Carolina at Greensboro
The University of North Carolina at Greensboro was chartered on 18 Feb. 1891 as the North Carolina State Normal and Industrial School with an initial appropriation of $10,000. It was the work largely of Charles Duncan McIver and Edwin A. Alderman, who had been advocating for years for a state normal school for teachers, particularly women, who comprised most of the public school teachers. Several localities desired the school, but Greensboro won the bidding war, pledging $30,000 in additional funds.
The school became a college in 1897, and baccalaureate degrees followed in 1903. The teacher training curriculum was accompanied from the beginning by training in domestic science and commercial subjects. In time, the liberal arts assumed prominence alongside expanded offerings in education, home economics, and music. In 1919 the institution was renamed the North Carolina College for Women, and in 1931, when it joined the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State College in Raleigh in the new consolidated University of North Carolina System, it became the Woman's College of the University of North Carolina. So it remained until 1963, when it emerged as the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG) with coeducation and a broader educational mission.
The initial site in 1891 was a ten-acre tract on what was then the western edge of Greensboro. The campus grew to nearly 200 acres surrounded by urban, residential neighborhoods. The student body numbered 223 by the end of the first year-as many as the campus and neighboring private homes could accommodate. By the early 2000s, the university had more than 13,000 students. The nature of the student body changed vastly over the years. The most obvious changes were racial desegregation, which began with the admission of the first two black students in 1956, and coeducation, which began officially in 1963. Fully as important, UNCG has become a commuter as well as a residential campus, with more than half of the students living in the greater Greensboro area.
Although postgraduate training began early in the institution's history, UNCG granted its first doctorate in 1963. The earliest doctoral programs were in professional areas such as education, home economics, and physical education, areas in which the Woman's College had already established strong graduate programs. Doctoral programs in English and psychology soon followed. The modern university offers master's degrees in 68 fields and doctorates in 14. Its arts programs are nationally known. Weatherspoon Art Museum houses what is considered to be the most outstanding permanent collection of contemporary art in the Southeast. UNCG is also one of only six higher educational institutions in North Carolina approved to have a Phi Beta Kappa chapter.
Elisabeth Ann Bowles, A Good Beginning: The First Four Decades of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (1967).
Allen W. Trelease, Changing Assignments: A Pictorial History of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (1991).
University of North Carolina at Greensboro: http://www.uncg.edu/
History of UNC-G:http://www.uncg.edu/inside-uncg/inside-history.htm
NC Highway Historical Marker J-10: https://www.ncdcr.gov/about/history/division-historical-resources/nc-highway-historical-marker-program/Markers.aspx?sp=Markers&k=Markers&sv=J-10
Brief History of the University, UNC-G Archives: http://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/collections/university_archives/brief_history.aspx
Student life at the Normal and Industrial School, ANCHOR: https://www.ncpedia.org/anchor/student-life-normal-and
A women's college, LearnNC: https://web.archive.org/web/20180125085545/http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-newsouth/5500 (Accessed May 12, 2022).
The First Faculty Photo of the North Carolina State Normal and Industrial School, 1893: http://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/exhibits/timeline/pages/1893_faculty.htm
Public documents of the State of North Carolina : http://digital.ncdcr.gov/u?/p249901coll22,120272
Search Results for 'North Carolina College for Women' in North Carolina Digital Collections.
North Carolina College for Women. Image courtesy of UNC Libraries.Available from http://www.lib.unc.edu/ncc/ref/nchistory/feb2009/index.html (accessed November 19, 2012).
1 January 2006 | Trelease, Allen W.
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On a December evening in 1840, the writer John Howard Payne—known to Americans today, if at all, for his song “Home, Sweet Home”—was invited to a meeting in Park Hill, Oklahoma, about seventy miles southeast of Tulsa. Payne was excited. The meeting was to be held at a cabin owned by John Ross, chief of the Cherokee tribe, and he would have the honor of meeting the tribe’s most distinguished citizen, perhaps the most celebrated Native American in history: the linguist and diplomat, Sequoyah.1
The fifty-year-old dignitary did not disappoint. Wearing a long, dark blue robe and the traditional Cherokee turban, he seated himself by the fire and lit a pipe. “His air was altogether what we picture to ourselves of an old Greek philosopher,” Payne thought.2 Sequoyah was asked to recite some Cherokee legends, and Payne waited, quill in hand, to preserve his words for posterity. But the older man began speaking in his native language—he either did not know, or refused to speak, English—and Ross and a young interpreter present were so enraptured by his words that they failed to translate. “He talked and gesticulated very gracefully,” the author recalled afterward. “His voice alternately swelling,—and then sinking to a whisper,—and his eye firing up and then its wild flashes subsiding.” But Payne understood nothing. The next morning, when he asked Sequoyah to repeat the story so he could write it down, the older man refused—and his words have been forever lost.
The irony is that this anecdote so perfectly illustrates the fleeting nature of oral communication—and the degree to which Sequoyah’s invention, the Cherokee syllabary, revolutionized his tribe’s culture. In the 1820s, he became the only person to invent a form of writing without already knowing another one, or so it is believed.
The skill of language is so precious that philosophers since Aristotle have seen it as the dividing line between humans and animals. But valuable as it is, language evaporates the moment it is uttered—unless it can be preserved in written form. Countless civilizations have risen and fallen with only spoken languages, leaving few clues about their cultures. The Inca deserted Machu Picchu, for example, only a few decades after building it—but due to the lack of written language, no one knows why. The Sinagua peoples of ancient Arizona left behind the ruins of whole towns, but virtually nothing is known of them, or about what archaeologists call The Mississippi Culture, which thrived in an immense territory stretching from the Great Lakes to Florida as recently as the year 1500. Knowledge of these and other societies has been obliterated by time because they left no written record.Philosophers since Aristotle have seen language as the dividing line between humans and animals. But valuable as it is, language evaporates the moment it is uttered—unless it can be preserved in written form. Click To Tweet
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https://www.theobjectivestandard.com/2018/08/sequoyah-and-the-vital-nature-of-the-written-word/
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| 0.976901 | 633 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Dictionary between Macedonian Translation
The Macedonian language is a language in the Eastern group of South Slavic languages and is the official language of the Republic of Macedonia (The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia). It is also referred to by several alternative names, many formed with the word Slavic. (From Wikipedia)
The Ancient Macedonian language was the tongue of the Ancient Macedonians. It was spoken in Macedon during the 1st millennium BC. Marginalized from the 5th century BC, it was gradually replaced by the common Greek dialect of the Hellenistic Era. (From Wikipedia)
FREELANG Macedonian-English Dictionary
FREELANG - Macedonian-English and English-Macedonian free dictionary.
Online Macedonian English Dictionary
Online Macedonian English translator - translate texts, documents, sentences, phrases, web pages.
Dictionary Macedonian (PDF Document)
Dictionary of three languages by George Pulevski.
Macedonian Lexicon XVI Century - Un Lexique Macédonien du XVie siécle.
To hear the pronunciation in Macedonian language click either on the speaker icon on the left or the word next to it.
English, German, French, Albanien, Turkish, Serbia and Macedonian Dictionary.
Macedonian Dictionary (PDF Document)
English-Macedonian Dictionary by Jerzy Kazojc (c) copyright 2011.
DIGITAL Dictionary of Macedonian language.
English Macedonian Dictionary Stefov.
Macedonian Reverse Dictionary.
Macedonian Multilingual Dictionary
Online Macedonian Multilingual Dictionary
Other Macedonian Dictionary Translation
Online browsable Dictionary for Greek-Macedonian in HTML
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| 0.796696 | 351 | 3.375 | 3 |
Every now and again, the Jewish calendar requires us to add an extra “leap” month. The Tosefta on Sanhedrin points out that if we were to add a thirteenth month anywhere else in the Jewish calendar in the process of adding this month, Adar would no longer be the twelfth month. That would contradict this Scriptural verse. Therefore, this verse forces Adar to always be the twelfth month.
- Maamar Mordechai points out that, when the Jews were in Egypt, the ten plagues occurred for one month each. That being the case, the second to last plague, that of darkness, happened one month before Passover, which would mean it fell in Adar. Haman assumed the darkness was a plague that hurt the Jews since so many of them died then (see Rashi to Shemos 10:22 and 13:18). After all, four fifths of the Jews died in Egypt because they did not believe in their upcoming rescue. H-Shem killed these unfortunates during the plague of darkness to avoid the Egyptians seeing this, and assuming the Jews’ G-d is no longer with them.1 The Jews in Persia, by attending Achashverosh’s party, indicated that they, too, lost faith in their redemption, and this is why the lots falling on Adar so pleased Haman.
- Adar is also the month when Moshe died. According to the Talmud (Megillah 13b), Haman knew this because it is so written in the end of Devarim (34:8) and can be calculated from the book of Yehoshua. According to our tradition, the seventh of Adar, his date of death, is also his date of birth. Rabbi Mendel Weinbach writes that Haman did not know this because, as opposed to his date of birth, his date of death is only found in the Oral Torah.
- The Abudraham calculates that Adar 13 would mark the end of the seven-day mourning period (shiva) for Moshe. According to the Maharsha, that seven-day period of mourning continues in some mystical way the merits of the mourned. After that point, the dead only receive merit of others step up to take over their spiritual roles. Interestingly, Rabbi Dovid Feinstein notes that, Moshe having been born on 7 Adar, his bris (circumcision) would have been on 14 Adar, Purim!2
1It bespeaks a certain callousness that the Egyptians seemed not to notice the sudden disappearance of several million people.
2However, since Moshe was born complete and circumcised (Talmud, Sotah 12a), his bris would only require a symbolic pin-prick of blood called “hatafas dam bris” (Shulchan Aruch Yoreh Deah 262:1 and 264:1), and this procedure would not be help on a Shabbos (Shulchan Aruch Yoreh Deah 260:2 and 263:1). Therefore, Moshe’s symbolic bris was held on the following day, Shushan Purim.
- According to the Targum Sheini’s interpretive translation, Haman’s oldest son, Shimshi, cast the pur.
- The Malbim writes that the lot was cast for Haman – it decided when he would die since this plan to kill the Jews led to his execution (see below Esther 7:10).
- The Chassam Sofer and the Me’am Loez write that Haman saw himself on top, and the Jews beneath him. Unfortunately for Haman, he did not interpret this correctly, as it was pointing to his hanging from the tree, and Mordechai beneath him, standing safely on the ground.
- The Maharal says that Haman did not throw the lots himself for two reasons. The first is that he knew he was not a spiritually sensitive person. He therefore asked someone else to interpret the lots. The second reason is that he knew he had a subjective bias in the result. As such, his own subjectivity would subconsciously color his interpretation of the final result of the lots tossed. Perhaps these two answers are really one and the same. One cannot be a spiritually attuned person with biases. The more spiritual one becomes, the more objective one becomes. The entire goal of spirituality is to realize that our own wants should not have significance.
- The Ben Ish Chai points out that the way Jews escape annihilation is through their performance of mitzvos, of which Torah study is the greatest (see Mishnah, Peah 1:1). That being the case, the Ben Ish Chai interprets our verse in a novel manner by writing that the lots cast pointed to the solution to Haman’s challenge being “lifnei Haman” the letters preceding the letters in Haman’s name in the Hebrew alphabet. The letters before hey (dales), mem (lamed), and nun (mem) can form the word “lamed,” (“learn”).
- The Sfas Emes writes that Haman felt he needed to pick the right day of the week, as well as the correct month. Since, the days of the week represent the natural cycle established in the seven days of Creation, and every culture has its own fashion for establishing and measuring months, days represent a variable given Divinely. Months, however, represent a variable provided by people. Haman therefore thought the rabbis, who established the Jewish months (as mentioned above), were prone to error. Hence, Haman felt he could not be successful against H-Shem, Who established the days, but could be successful against the rabbis, who in his view represented imperfect, fallible men.
- Megillas Sesarim writes that the word “pur,” coming from the foreign language of the Persian nation that had dominion over the Jews, has a negative connotation. Had the verse used the word “goral,” it would have had a positive connotation – especially with its allusions to the Yom Kippur service. Since the lot decided when the ideal time to massacre the Jews, the verse uses the Persian word.
- On the other hand, since the lots also helped precipitate Haman’s downfall, the verse uses the Hebrew word, as well. In a deeper answer, the Pachad Yitzchak writes that the Jewish people always had two kinds of adversaries in their history – the four nations in which they were exiled, and the seven Canaanite nations they had to eject upon entry to the Holy Land. Therefore, he writes, “pur” is translated to emphasize the dual nature of Haman, in that he was both (as an Amalekite) from the seven nations in Israel and (as a Persian officer) from the four nations of exile.
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| 0.974004 | 1,462 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Flu Prevention Tips
There are things you can do to help prevent catching the flu and reduce the spread of viruses.
Vaccination is the first step to flu prevention. In general, all healthy people should get vaccinated. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that high-risk groups and all healthy children get a flu vaccination.
Wash your hands regularly.
Cold and flu viruses may spread by indirect contact. Someone could sneeze into their hand and then touch a doorknob, leaving behind the virus for the next person who touches it. Washing hands is the best way to prevent getting sick.
Do the elbow cough.
Viruses cling to your bare hands. You can reduce the spread of viruses by coughing into your elbow instead of your hands.
Disinfect common surfaces.
Viruses that cause colds and flu can survive on common surfaces for up to 48 hours. Don’t forget to use Clorox® disinfecting products on common surfaces such as phone receivers, doorknobs, light switches and remote controls.
Water can help strengthen your immune system and help prevent you from catching the flu. If you do get sick, water rehydrates you and flushes out the toxins in your system.
The World Health Organization recommends the following average water intake guidelines:
- Adults in normal conditions: 1–2.4 liters/day
- Adults in high average temp (32°C): 2.8–3.4 liters/day
- Adults that are moderately active: 3.7 liters/day
- Children 10 years of age: 1 liter/day
For more information on how much water you should drink refer to World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines.
Products You Can Use
Advice From Our Experts
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https://www.cloroxkenya.com/how-to/disinfecting-sanitizing/flu-prevention-tips/
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RL4137 contributes preharvest sprouting resistance to Canadian wheats.
DePauw, R.M., Clarke, F.R., Fofana, B., Knox, R.E., Humphreys, D.G., and Cloutier, S. (2009). "RL4137 contributes preharvest sprouting resistance to Canadian wheats.", Euphytica, 168(3), pp. 347-361. doi : 10.1007/s10681-009-9933-4 Access to full text
Preharvest sprouting (PHS) in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) causes significant economic losses due to a reduction in grain functionality, grain yield and viability of seed for planting. Genetic resistance to PHS reduces these losses. Development of PHS resistant cultivars is complicated by the effects of genotype, environment, kernel diseases and spike morphological factors. RL4137 has consistently exhibited high levels of resistance to PHS over years and environments. The mean PHS scores of Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat cultivars with RL4137 in their ancestry are lower than that of CWRS wheat cultivars without. RL4137 has two mechanisms for PHS resistance, one associated with kernel color and the other not associated with kernel color. RL4137 was the source of PHS resistance in white wheats HY361, AC Vista, Snowbird, Kanata, and Snowstar, all of which had significantly lower PHS scores than the white-seeded check, Genesis. Known DNA markers relating to PHS were used to compare haplotypes with and without RL4137 in the ancestry. Coefficients of parentage also demonstrated the relationship. Because cultivars that have RL4137 in their ancestry were grown on about 77% of the spring wheat area for 2003-2007, RL4137 continues to contribute to protecting market grade from preharvest sprouting.
- Date modified:
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http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/abstract/?id=17500000001135
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- View as map
South of the County Armagh village of Jonesborough lie the ruins of Moyry Castle.
South of the County Armagh village of Jonesborough lie the ruins of Moyry Castle, built in the 17th century to guard the strategic mountain pass known as Moyry Pass or the 'Gap of the North'. It is a familiar landmark from the Belfast/Dublin railway.
The castle was built by Lord Mountjoy on a rocky hillock in 1601 to secure the ancient route between the provinces of Ulster and Leinster. The pass was the widest passage through which an army could pass while under attack, in this mountainous and once boggy and heavily wooded terrain.
The small square tower has unusual rounded corners and numerous gun-loops, from ground-floor level right up to the wall-walk. It is a very basic castle, with no stairs. The living quarters, with fireplaces and windows, must have been reached by ladders. The stone bawn will which once surrounded the castle has mostly gone except for one isolated stretch to the south east.
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| 0.967361 | 223 | 2.84375 | 3 |
|Publication Type:||Journal Article|
|Year of Publication:||2011|
Six new species are described, raising the number of North American Acomoptera species to seven and the genus total to ten, and nearly doubling the number of species within the putative clade containing Acomoptera, Drepanocercus, and Paratinia. These novel species forms have implications for the concept of Acomoptera that in turn, may impact our understanding of its generic relationships and the evolution and composition of Gnoristinae and Sciophilinae. The new species, A. crispa, A. digitata, A. echinosa, A. forculata, A. nelsoni, and A. vockerothi, are compared with the type species of the genus, A. plexipus (Garrett), whose diagnostic features are imaged and illustrated for the first time. The European species, A. difficilis (Dziedzicki) is also illustrated and compared. Acomoptera spinistyla (Søli) comb. nov is transferred from Drepanocercus. A key to species is provided. Future work will seek to incorporate this knowledge into a systematic phylogenetic study of relationships between these species and their sister taxa.
Six new species of Acomoptera from North America (Diptera, Mycetophilidae)
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| 0.78893 | 419 | 2.859375 | 3 |
- Children at the beginning of their school life, either going to nursery or attending junior kindergarten, protest against the parents for sending them to school because of sheer insecurity that they feel. They fear that once they are left alone at the school, and the mother gone away, they may not see her again. The feeling of separation from parents and/or members of the family make the kids protest against going to school. They even cry and resort to all sorts of tantrums within their reach.
- Students from grade 2nd to 12th protest against joining a new school because they do not like to leave their present school environment.
- In the early days of schooling, children do protest against going to school if their feelings have got hurt by any teacher or student; or issues which they had encountered, any comments about conduct, language, appearance or even behavior.
- Many times comments made relating to religion, sect, race, caste, name, father or mother gives a feeling of hatred to the child toward school. Thus, he avoids going to the school.
- Even factors like poor academic results, poor show in some performances, failure or even for that matter performance below expectation levels could also become one of the reasons for a child to protest and not go to school.
- Other reason that could make a child to protest against going to school in the beginning not able to make friends in a new school or even for that matter his/her dislike towards the teachers and the system he/she is just introduced to.
- Even a kid’s emotional bonding towards a close relative or grandparents visiting the household may emerge a reason for his/her dislike to go to school.
- In one such instance, a third standard student, Daksh Raval suddenly started protesting against going to school, teachers and attending classes. This boy started threatening to run away, leaving school and even kill himself. But it was later on it was realized that the reason for his all erratic behavior was his grandmother living in a village, who was visiting them and Daksh was not willing to leave In fact he wanted to stay with her only.
The parents must check the above mentioned reasons whenever a child protests against going to school. A child needs to be assured of security to make him/her determination of going to school stronger and need to be prepared mentally in order to get mixed with the surrounding easily.
Schools need to give their teachers a special training to make the newly admitted students feel more comfortable and receive acceptance in the classes.
Following a complaint of class teacher, Aanush, an 11th standard student, was called in principal’s office for talking to girls only in the class. When asked about, it, Aanush replied to me, “Sir, I haven’t got the opportunity to meet the boys and make them friends in the school. Those two girls I am talking to are decent. I know my limits. Teacher made comment about this in the classroom and it has hurt me. Sir, you tell me, what is my fault?”
We need to understand, learn and change to behave with the new generation. We need to change the “spectacles”. Tomorrow it may happen that a class teacher may not wish but boys and girls will be sitting together. This is not a challenge of tomorrow, it is a destination.
– Jaydev Sonagara (Excerpt from his book “Parvarish – Making Children Successful”)
Did you like this article? Let us know, it would be our pleasure if you share your feedback, comments and suggestions with us. Follow the blog or our Facebook Page to receive regular updates of such articles.
Jaydev Sonagara on Facebook – https://web.facebook.com/jaydev.sonagara/
Jaydev Sonagara on Twitter – https://twitter.com/jaydev_sonagara
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Capturing a wolf is not an easy task. For the past 15 winters, however, the Yellowstone Wolf Project staff has captured and fitted numerous wolves with tracking collars.
Dr. Doug Smith, leader of the Yellowstone Wolf Project, has called the collaring program “the life blood” of their field research. Without the collars it would be difficult, if not impossible, to conduct wolf studies in the park’s vast and rugged terrain.
The VHF and GPS collars allow researchers to monitor wolves, including pack movements, predation patterns, and denning, which leads to a better understanding of the role of wolves in the entire ecosystem.
This year the Wolf Project team collared 19 wolves from nine of the ten packs in the park. Part of this effort was documented on film, and illustrates how the team collars wolves in the field:
The annual collaring program is made possible by contributions to the Yellowstone Park Foundation’s Wolf Collar Sponsorship program. Since the restoration of wolves in Yellowstone in 1995, the Yellowstone Park Foundation has contributed more than $4 million - roughly 60% of the Yellowstone Wolf Project's total annual budget. To learn how you can get involved, please click here.
Hiking in Glacier.com
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| 0.916352 | 257 | 3.328125 | 3 |
1. Scotland Goes Ahead With World’s Largest Wave Energy Project. “At 40 megawatts (MW), it will provide energy to nearly 30,000 homes” once the requisite cable is laid, by 2017.
2. Gujarat’s wind power capacity has grown to be the highest in India over the past 4 years. “Installed wind power generation capacities in the state has increased by 36 per cent during 2011-12” to nearly 3 gigawatts. Tamil Nadu comes in second among India’s wind-powered states.
3. Brazil Receives Requests For 392 megawatts Of Solar Power Projects Within One Week. “Brazil… is building several solar-powered football/soccer stadiums for the [World Cup], the first of which just opened up. The stadium hosting the 2014 FIFA World Cup final will be capped with over 1,500 solar panels.” Solar in Brazil is now cheaper than grid electricity (i.e. cheaper than coal, gas or petroleum).
4. World’s Largest Solar Powered Hospital Opens In Haiti. It “boasts over 1800 solar panels on its elegant and otherwise, stark, white rooftop.” Haiti suffers from rolling electricity blackouts that interfere with medical care where hospitals are dependent on the conventional grid.
5. Phoenix Solar completes a floating photovoltaic system in Singapore. “The solar island is set at a 10 degree angle with UV resistant floating structures. With the help of marine-grade submersible cables, the tetragonal array provides electricity that goes directly to the land.”
6. Renewable energy is empowering women. Even small solar kits help villagers in India, e.g. “Without power, many women are fearful of going out after sunset, drop out of school because they cannot study after dark, and spend hours every day gathering wood for fuel. . .”
7. 3 Best Things Minnesota Just Did For Solar: A state target for 2020, rebates, and community solar…
8. What do the oligarchs know? Russia’s Renova invests $400 million in African solar energy. Renova subsidiary “Avelar plans to build its first power station in South Africa this year. It has signed its first $ 500,000 contract with the Dawn Group, which owns a network of logistics facilities. ”
9. Xcel could add 550 megawatts of wind power in Colorado in the next 2 years. “Xcel Energy Inc. is asking state regulators to add 550 megawatts worth of wind-generated power to its Colorado grid — boosting its amount of wind power by 25 percent. If state regulators approve the request, Xcel (NYSE: XEL) will have more than 2,700 megawatts of wind power in Colorado, it said Thursday.” Nearly 3 gigawatts! That’s like two small nuclear plants.
10. 110% increase year over year: REC Solar Completes 10,000 Residential Solar Installations. “Since the company’s founding in 1997, REC Solar has installed more than 160 megawatts of residential, commercial, and utility-scale solar throughout the U.S. and its territories, with 50 megawatts coming online in the past year alone.” In other words, nearly a third of the energy being produced as a result of all this installation activity over 15 years has come on line in only the past year, which shows how the pace of solar installations are accelerating. Prices of solar panels have plummeted since 2008.
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| 0.928685 | 731 | 2.546875 | 3 |
- Digital Seminar
- Downloadable/Streaming MP4 Video and MP3 Audio with electronic manual and instructions.
- CHERYL CATRON, LPCC-S, RPT-S
- PESI Inc.
- CE Available:
- No, CE credit is not available
- Product Code:
- Differentiate between developmentally appropriate behavior and that which may be in response to a mental health condition.
- Apply de-escalation strategies with students who are behaving in an oppositional manner.
- Implement school-based strategies to effectively respond to behavioral issues that arise from mental health conditions.
- Develop skills to identify signs of anxiety and/or depression in young students.
- Apply the knowledge gained from the ACEs study to recognize and respond to students who may be experiencing traumatic stress.
- Utilize effective communication skills for discussing risk of suicide with students, staff, and parents.
K-5 Students with Mental Health Issues
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
- When you know something’s going on, but you don’t know what it is
- Characteristics of at-risk students
- Why children are not small adults
- How skill deficits from mental health issues create behavioral difficulties
- The difference between “can’t” and “won’t”
- How maladaptive behavior serves as protection for the child
- Common myths and limitations about diagnoses
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- What adults should never say (but usually do)
- How behavior reveals a need
- Are you (unintentionally) rewarding misbehavior?
- Kids who don’t feel bad
- Arguing with a defiant child – who is that about?
- De-escalation strategies that work
- The unique needs of children with ADHD
- More than a behavior problem: the neurobiology of ADHD
- How to increase confidence and leadership skills in kids with ADHD
- Decrease disruptions and impulsive behavior
- Improve transitions, social skills, and self-regulation
- ADHD medications: What do teachers need to know?
Depression & Mood Dysregulation
- What we know about kids who worry too much
- School anxiety – types, characteristics
- What to do about separation anxiety
- The perfectionistic student
- Drawing out the anxious student in a safe way
Trauma and Other Significant Life Events
- How depression shows up in young children
- Helping students overcome helplessness
- When is it more than moodiness?
- Helping depressed kids change their inner self-talk
Suicide, Self-Harm, and Bullying
- What the ACEs study has taught us about trauma
- The fight, flight, or freeze response in the classroom
- How to recognize and respond to traumatic stress
- What if you don’t know the child’s history?
- Incorporating trauma-informed practices into your day
Other School-Based Considerations
- How we talk about suicide is important
- Head banging, hitting, scratching, and other “self-punishment”
- Helping ostracized children feel connected
- Why traditional discipline doesn’t work for bullies
- Making your classroom an emotionally safe space
- Collaborating with student support staff and outside clinicians
- Working with non-cooperative/reluctant parents
- Identifying your own triggers, choosing your battles
- Discipline – IDEA, special education consideration
- Screen time in the classroom – why reward systems don’t work
- Limitations of research and potential risks
CHERYL CATRON, LPCC-S, RPT-S
Cheryl Catron, M.Ed., LPCC-S, RPT-S, is a long-time educator and mental health clinician who has over 19 years serving students with a wide variety of academic and mental health needs. In her most recent role as a school-based mental health clinician, she provided therapy and support services for K-5 students with differing clinical issues including depression, anxiety, social skills, ADHD, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder. In addition to this, Ms. Catron also served as a consultant for and collaborator with teachers, paraprofessionals, and other school staff members. Drawing on her experience as a teacher, school counselor, and mental health clinician, Ms. Catron provided insightful guidance to develop and implement effective classroom-based strategies that facilitate improved behavioral and academic performance for students with a variety of needs including giftedness, learning disabilities, and emotional and behavioral disturbances.
Cheryl is licensed as both a Professional Clinical Counselor and Supervisor in the state of Ohio and a Registered Play Therapist and Supervisor through The Association for Play Therapy. She earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in English and Secondary Education and her Master of Education degree in School Counseling & Professional Counseling from Ohio University.
She and her husband have recently founded a nonprofit organization, Foothold International, that serves indigenous communities in Kenya, East Africa. Ms. Catron is collaborating with the local government to develop community mental health response systems as well as trauma sensitivity to their outreach programs. She provides mental health training to teachers, health workers, and law enforcement personnel.
Financial: Cheryl Catron has an employment relationship with The Counseling Source. She receives a speaking honorarium from PESI, Inc.
Non-financial: Cheryl Catron has a family member who was diagnosed with juvenile bipolar disorder.
Continuing Education Credits
CE Credit is not available for this product.
- K-5 Classroom Teachers
- School Counselors, Social Workers, and Psychologists
- Instructional Specialists and Coaches
- School Occupational Therapists
- School Speech-Language Pathologists
- Special Education Staff
- Behavior Intervention Specialists
- Instructional Assistants/Paraprofessionals
- Administrators Serving Grades K-5
Your satisfaction is our goal and our guarantee. Concerns should be addressed to PESI Kids, P.O. Box 1000, Eau Claire, WI 54702-1000 or call (800) 844-8260.
We would be happy to accommodate your ADA needs; please call our Customer Service Department for more information at (800) 844-8260.
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South African farmers are battling an alien armyworm invasion that has already caused devastation on their crops.
The maize-destroying caterpillars have destroyed eight per cent of this farm.
According to experts chemicals can be used to deal with the pest in its early stages, but after that it becomes much harder, and some populations of the fall armyworm have developed resistance.
The industry is going to struggle because these worms are eating everything that they touch
So, there’s not going to be enough maize for all the people to eat, like we usually do each year.
I think we’re going to have a problem in finding seed again next year,” said farmer Jacques Prinsloo.
The outbreak threatens food security in southern Africa, which is recovering from the crippling El Nino-triggered drought.
“It’s got a huge impact, it’s around about 800,000 bucks (rand), to a million bucks (rand) I’m losing. So, it’s difficult, I don’t know what’s going to happen,” Prinsloo added.
The fall armyworm that is native to the Americas was first reported in West Africa last year and has spread rapidly through the continent.
The outbreak has already caused damage to staple crops in Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa and Ghana, with reports also suggesting Malawi, Mozambique and Namibia are affected.
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Planning & Zoning Policies & Practices
Accessory Structure Policies
Greenhouses, high tunnels, gardens, tool sheds, and other accessory structures may not ? on their face ? appear to be related to energy efficiency and conservation, but a closer inquiry reveals they are very much a part of the picture. Accessory structures allow yard space to yield maximum return on agricultural products. Increasing the amount of locally grown foods available in the region?s food system increases energy conservation and efficiency.
- Allows non-commercial greenhouses as an accessory use in all residential zoning districts
- Allows gardens
- Greenhouses are subject to the criteria listed in Article 18, Section 6.
- Rain gardens may be used to meet National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) post construction runoff control requirements on development sites greater than one acre
- Green roofs may be used to meet NPDES post construction runoff control requirements
- Requires all accessory structures to have building permits
- If air conditioned, structure must meet energy efficiency standards
- Allows greenhouses, rain gardens and gardens.
- Allows greenhouses if they meet size and setback requirements and have proper architectural elements
- Does not allow temporary structures
- Permits gardens
- Encourages rain gardens because they meet level-of-service requirements
- Residential properties may be retrofitted to include ran gardens
- Does not have any policies against greenhouses, gardens or rain gardens
- Permits one greenhouse on residential lots (41)
- All accessory structures must be equal to or less than 1000 square feet
- If residents have two or more accessory structures, they must apply for a variance
- Greenhouses are allowed through a special permit
- Allows gardens and rain gardens on residential lots
Last updated January 27, 2011
Communities that wish to update their information
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| 0.878016 | 370 | 2.78125 | 3 |
As a psychodramatist, often faced with a group of people in conflict- a couple, a family, a work team - I appreciate the creative tools through which Action Methods help obtain as much of the whole story as possible. The conflicts that present themselves, the ones people are talking about, can have roots in hidden power struggles that are part of the group’s culture from which no one involved can get sufficient distance to fully understand. Recognizing these underlying truths will either transform the couple or group or break it apart; toxic foundations will either give way to progress in a group or organization or stall growth through terminal stagnation. Action Methods help reveal what a group has not wanted to know about itself, but needs to know to have a healthy future.
Issues of race and racism are among the most difficult hidden truths for groups to deal with whether the issues come up in professional settings or personal experiences. Getting the whole story is essential and creating safety in order to get the whole story is key. Over the course of my 30-plus career as a psychodramatist and clinical social worker, I have been both troubled and inspired doing this work. Troubled because of the pain that racism imposes and our cultural denial of how much healing there is still to be done, our first black President notwithstanding. And inspired when people confront their own suppressed or subconscious prejudice, because it can be very uncomfortable to recognize the inhumanity of some of commonly-held assumptions and attitudes.
In November 1992 the news show PrimeTime ran a segment on racism called “True Colors.” The show had sent out two investigators, one white and one black, and used hidden cameras to observe and film how they were treated in a number of different situations. At the employment agency the worker was courteous to the white but lectured the black. At a drycleaning business, the white investigator was told there were job openings moments after the black was told that all jobs in the shop were filled. An auto salesman quoted the black a higher price and stiffer terms than the white on the identical car. Remember, this was 1992, a supposedly somewhat enlightened time, but there was no white outrage when this aired, no memorable self-reflection as a nation on the ingrained nature of racist thinking and behavior expressed in ordinary interactions between people in daily situations that is a constant reality for people of color.
Fast forward to 2009. Supreme Court nominee Sonia Sotomoyer sparks outrage over a speech in which she explored the impact of a judge’s race, gender and social class on his/her understanding and interpretation of the law. Her nomination itself is historic, the first Latina female to be considered for membership in a very elite group - of the 110 Supreme Court judges that have served over the history of our nation, 106 of them have been white men. Her speech hit a nerve because she challenged a commonly-held illusion, at least by a number of very vocal and prominent media and government figures - that the white male Supreme Court judges have always transcended their race, gender and life experience in their interpretation of the law. She is taking a lot of hits for focusing on what is painfully obvious to anyone with even a superficial knowledge of history.
The Declaration of Independence declares our “inalienable” rights, an adjective for which my Word 2007 Thesaurus provides a number of synonyms: Unchallengeable. Absolute. Immutable. Not able to be forfeited. Unassailable. Incontrovertible. Indisputable. Undeniable. Strong words. And yet we know that over the course of our nation’s history non-whites have had their rights not only challenged and disputed, but outright denied down to their very humanity in the case of slavery. During the reign of Jim Crow in the south, terrorism in the form of lynching and the systematic humiliation and oppression of African-Americans went on with impunity, and the simple accident of being born white entitled a person to the full spectrum of what we call civil rights denied to people of color. It was a 150-year-old, unquestioned, institutionally-supported affirmative action program for white people.
The label of “reverse racist” has been attached to Judge Sotomayor because she dared to call attention to something we have trouble facing about our society, but as citizens we owe it ourselves to understand the points she actually made by reading her entire speech. Read it online at http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/15/us/politics/15judge.text.html?_r=1
I think this sums up the core of her position, and something we might all take to heart as we go about our lives: “I am reminded each day that I render decisions that affect people concretely and that I owe them constant and complete vigilance in checking my assumptions, presumptions and perspectives and ensuring that to the extent that my limited abilities and capabilities permit me, that I re-evaluate them and change as circumstances and cases before me requires.”
Nicholas Wolff, LCSW, BCD, TEP conducts professional training in Action Methods and psychodrama theory and technique at Lifestage, Inc. and at agencies and organizations by invitation.
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| 0.965999 | 1,077 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Employers are required to adhere to the different payroll laws the government regulates. The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) sets the federal labor laws, while the Internal Revenue Service enforces the federal payroll tax laws. Payroll processing includes performing the chores required for compliance.
DOL and IRS
The DOL’s mission is to protect the rights of wage earners and job seekers. This includes ensuring that they are paid in a fair and timely manner. Employees can report employers that violate labor and wage laws to the DOL. The IRS requires employers to withhold, report and pay payroll taxes in accordance with its regulations. The IRS charges fees and penalties to employers that do not comply with its policies.
Under the DOL’s Fair Labor Standards Act, which went into effect in 2009, the employer cannot pay nonexempt workers less than the hourly minimum wage of $7.25. Nonexempt workers are those not exempt from minimum wage and overtime pay; this accounts for most hourly workers. Under the Youth Minimum Wage Program, the employer can pay workers under 20 at the rate of $4.25 per hour for the first 90 workdays.
Payroll processing usually includes figuring timekeeping data for hourly workers. Some employers believe they must use a particular timekeeping system, such as a time clock, to track the hours. While a time clock is an effective method of monitoring hours worked, it is not mandatory. The DOL notes that any system is fine as long as it maintains correct and complete records. This includes hard copy and computerized time sheets.
The federal government requires the employer to withhold federal income tax, Social Security tax and Medicare tax from employee paychecks. Most states require state income tax withholding. If city or local income tax applies, the employer must withhold them as well. Payroll processing includes ensuring that these taxes are appropriately withheld. The employer must follow the IRS Circular E (Employer's Tax Guide) guidelines for federal payroll tax compliance. It should follow its state taxation agency’s guidelines for state payroll tax compliance.
Salaried workers receive a set amount of pay each pay period. The salary is a predetermined or guaranteed amount of pay that the employee can count on each pay date. The salary amount is usually fixed; therefore, the net pay does not change unless the employee has had a pay adjustment or a deduction change. The employer must pay the salaried worker his entire pay each pay period unless certain exceptions apply, such as overuse of benefits days, the worker is a new hire, termination or unpaid suspension. In these cases, the employer can prorate the salary.
Some states, such as Alaska and California, have their own minimum wage laws, which can conflict with the federal minimum wage. In this case, the employer must use the higher rate of pay. The employer can check with its state labor board for its state’s minimum wage requirements.
- gavel image by Cora Reed from Fotolia.com
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| 0.952954 | 627 | 2.640625 | 3 |
The U.S. Geological Service (USGS) announced the estimate of continuous oil in the Wolfcamp shale in the Midland Basin portion of the Permian Basin is almost three times that of the 2013 USGS Bakken-Three Forks resource assessment. This makes the the Wolfcamp the largest estimated continuous oil accumulation that the USGS has assessed in the United States–ever.
The USGS estimates the Wolfcamp shale contains an estimated mean of 20 billion barrels of oil, 16 trillion cubic feet of associated natural gas, and 1.6 billion barrels of natural gas liquids. Walter Guidroz, program coordinator for the USGS Energy Resources Program, believes changes in technology and improved industry practices have made more oil and gas recoverable. Producers can now extract oil that was impossible to remove before.
Until the recent “shale revolution,” most wells in the Midland Basin Wolfcamp section were vertical wells, but oil and gas companies have recently used horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (fracking) to extract oil, allowing a much higher volume of recoverable oil. No matter which well type is used, the Permian basin has always been a very productive oil-producing area.
With this new data, it seems that “energy independence” might be closer than we realized.
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CC-MAIN-2017-26
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en
| 0.934995 | 266 | 3.515625 | 4 |
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