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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_200	Practically everyone agrees that until the fourth glacial epoch, flatnosed Negroids were the only humans. A South African scientist has recently declared that the first men were black, strongly pigmented, according to the proofs at his disposal. It was probably not until the fourth glaciation, which lasted 100,000 years, that the differentiation of the Negroid race into distinct races occurred, following a long period of adaptation by the fraction isolated and imprisoned by the ice: narrowing of the nostrils, depigmentation of the skin and of the pupils of the eyes.	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 55517 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_201	A single fact then remains vouched for by the documents in the "Libyan" thesis (Aryan, cited by Fontanes): that is the utilization of Whites, blue-eyed, tattooed blonds, as mercenaries by the Negro Pharaohs. Those tribes, called Libyans, were savage hordes in the western part of the Delta, where their presence, historically, is not recognized until the Eighteenth Dynasty. The Egyptians, who always considered them as veritable savages, took care not to be confused with them. At most, they condescended to use them as mercenaries. They never stopped holding them in check outside their borders by constant expeditions. Not until the low epoch was Egypt gradually permeated by domesticated Libyans who settled in the Delta area.	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 56092 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_202	Herodotus' description shows that, until the end of Egyptian history, the Libyans remained on the lowest rung of civilization. The word "civilized," however broadly defined, could not be applied to them. Concerning the Libyan tribe of the Adrymachidae, the Father of History wrote: "Their women wear on each leg a ring made of bronze; they let their hair grow long, and when they catch vermin on their person, bite it and throw it away." ${ }^{31}$ Consequently, we may well be puzzled by the attempts to attribute Egyptian civilization to the Libyans. As a result of this hypothesis, efforts have been made to relate the Berber and Egyptian languages by claiming that the Berber is the descendant of the Libyan. But Berber is a strange tongue that can be related to all kinds of languages: On the one hand, similarities have been noted between Berber.	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 56825 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_203	On the one hand, similarities have been noted between Berber. Gaelic, Celtic, and Cymric. But the Berber use as many Egyptian as African words and, depending on one's point of view, the basis of their language becomes Indo-European, Asian, or African. The Libyan languages are, in fact, African. Through these languages the Ligurians and Siculans, on arriving in Europe from North Africa, probably imported an African tongue, of which Basque could be one example. ${ }^{32}$	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 57620 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_204	The same applies to Berber grammar. Specialists in Berber are careful not to insist on the relationship between Berber and Egyptian. Professor André Basset, for example, felt that more convincing facts should be presented before he could accept the Hamitic-Semitic hypothesis (Berber-Egyptian kinship, in particular). Both form the feminine by adding $t$ to the noun, but the same is true of Arabic. Given what is known about the Arab and Berber peoples, we can wonder with Amélineau (Prolégomènes) why the influence should not be assumed to come from the opposite direction, which would conform to the historical relationship between those two peoples.	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 58099 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_205	That is not the whole story. Careful search reveals that German feminine nouns also end in $t$ and st. Should we consider that Berbers were influenced by Germans or the reverse? This hypothesis could not be rejected a priori, for German tribes in the fifth century overran North Africa via Spain, and established an empire that they ruled for 400 years. ${ }^{33}$ After that conquest, the Vandals who remained there mixed with the population. Only one segment, led by Genseric, tried unsuccessfully to conquer Rome by crossing through Sicily, and probably returned to North Africa. Furthermore, the plural of 50 percent of Berber nouns is formed by adding en, as is the case with feminine nouns in German, while 40 percent form their plural in $a$, like neuter nouns in Latin. ${ }^{34}$	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 58755 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_206	Since we know that the Vandals conquered the country from the Romans, why should we not be more inclined to seek explanations for the Berbers in that direction, both linguistically and in physical appearance: blond hair, blue eyes, etc.? But no! Disregarding all these facts, historians decree that there was no Vandal influence and that it would be impossible to attribute anything in Barbary to their occupation. However barbarous they were, however imperfect their administration, we cannot believe, in view of their number and their position as conquerors, that they spontaneously abandoned their language to	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 59546 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_207	However barbarous they were, however imperfect their administration, we cannot believe, in view of their number and their position as conquerors, that they spontaneously abandoned their language to adopt that of the Berbers; no Latin text indicates this. Usually, social relations are much more complex and that complexity is reflected in linguistics. Even when a language disappears, it reacts on the victorious tongue by transforming it and the latter no longer remains exactly what it was before. Thus, it is hard to understand how modern Berber can be free from any Vandal influence. Even harder to understand is that the modern Berber is not a descendant of the Vandals, especially when he has blue eyes and blond hair.	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 59963 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_208	Ibn Khaldun's treatise on the Berber is merely a series of undocumented quotations. ${ }^{35}$ The fact that there are no Berber in Egypt, except imaginary ones, that there are scarcely any in Tunisia, and that their number increases from east to west to reach its maximum in Morocco, seems to confirm the hypothesis of a Vandal origin. Historians pay little attention to these facts because it is absolutely necessary to make the Berber ancient enough to justify Egyptian civilization. Yet the 20 Berber sentences found in Arab texts scarcely date back to the twelfth century, whereas "Tifinagh" writing and the still undeciphered symbols called "Libyan" seem due to the influence of the indigenous element of the Negroid Phoenician colony of Carthage, prior to the arrival of the Vandals. To recapitulate, the stratification of the North African population, from prehistoric times to our day, would be as follows: Negroes and Cro-Magnons (a race extinct for 10,000 years);	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 60692 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_209	To recapitulate, the stratification of the North African population, from prehistoric times to our day, would be as follows: Negroes and Cro-Magnons (a race extinct for 10,000 years); Negroes in the Capsian; Negroes during the Phoenician epoch; Indo-Europeans, starting in 1500 в.c. and probably mixed with Negroes; Negroes at the time of the Romans, with a large percentage of mixed-bloods; Vandals; and Arabs. What then is more natural than that the basis of Berber vocabulary should be in turn Indo-European, Semitic, or African, depending on one's point of view? Continuing with the development of Egyptology, we reach Maspero who, in the first chapter of his Histoire ancienne des peuples de l'Orient, describes the origins of the Egyptians:	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 61485 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_210	Continuing with the development of Egyptology, we reach Maspero who, in the first chapter of his Histoire ancienne des peuples de l'Orient, describes the origins of the Egyptians: The Egyptians seem quite early to have lost the memory of their beginnings. Did they come from Central Africa or from the interior of Asia? According to the almost unanimous testimony of the ancient historians, they belonged to an African race which, first established in Ethiopia on the Middle Nile, gradually came down toward the sea, following the course of the river. To demonstrate this, one relied on the evident analogies between the customs and religion of the kingdom of Meroë and the customs and religion of the Egyptians proper. Today we know beyond the shadow of a doubt that Ethiopia, at least the Ethiopia known by the Greeks, far from having colonized Egypt, was itself colonized by Egypt, starting with the Twelfth Dynasty, and was for centuries included in the kingdom of the Pharaohs. ${ }^{36}$	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 62056 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_211	Before continuing with Maspero's thesis, we should note what seems already to have been altered in those few introductory sentences. It is unlikely that the Egyptians ever forgot their origin. Maspero apparently confuses two distinct notions: the primitive birthplace from which a people started and the ethnic origin responsible for the color of the race. The Egyptians never forgot the latter, any more than they forgot the former. ${ }^{37}$ It is expressed in all their art, throughout all their literature, in all their cultural manifestations, in their traditions and language. So much so that even their country was designated-by analogy with their own color, not by analogy with the color of the soil-by the name Kemit, which coincides with Ham (Cham), Biblical ancestor of Blacks. To say that Kemit refers to the color of the Egyptian earth, rather than designating the country through the color of the race	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 63054 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_212	, which coincides with Ham (Cham), Biblical ancestor of Blacks. To say that Kemit refers to the color of the Egyptian earth, rather than designating the country through the color of the race, could inspire similar reasoning to explain the present-day expressions: "Black Africa" and "White Africa."	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 63780 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_213	Maspero refers to the unanimous testimony of ancient historians on the Egyptian race, but he intentionally omits their precision. What we already know about the testimony of the Ancients proves that they did not use the vague term, "African race." From Herodotus to Diodorus, whom Maspero quotes, whenever they mentioned the Egyptian people, they specified that a Negro race was involved. Here we can trace the evolution of the gradual alteration of facts in textbooks that will mold the opinion of high school and university students. This is all the more serious because the great mass of	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 64081 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_214	knowledge to be acquired, in the modern world, leaves the younger generation, with the exception of professionals, no time to consult original sources and to appreciate the gap between the truth and what they have been taught. On the contrary, a certain tendency to laziness encourages them to be satisfied with the textbooks and to accept stereotyped notions of "infallible authority" from them, as if from a catechism. If we applied Maspero's reasoning to refute the ideas of Diodorus on Ethiopia's Antiquity, we would be able to conclude that, since Napoleon conquered and annexed Italy in the nineteenth century, Rome never civilized Gaul-which would be an obvious historical error.	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 64676 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_215	"Moreover, the Bible states that Mesraim, son of Ham, brother of Kush and of Canaan, came from Mesopotamia to settle, along with his children, on the banks of the Nile. ${ }^{38}$ Maspero fails to add that Ham, Canaan, and Kush are Negroes, according to that same Bible he is quoting. This means once again that Egypt (Ham, Mesraim), Ethiopia (Kush), Palestine and Phoenicia before the Jews and Syrians (Canaan), Arabia Felix before the Arabs (Pout, Hevila, Saba), were all occupied by Negroes who had created civilizations thousands of years old in those regions and had maintained family relationships. But then he continues: Loudim, the eldest among them, personifies the Egyptian proper, the Rotou or Romitou of the hieroglyphic inscriptions. Anamim represents the great tribe of the Anu, who founded On of the north (Heliopolis) and On of the south (Hermonthis) in prehistoric times.	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 65363 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_216	Lehabim is the Libyan people living west of the Nile, Naphtouhim settled in the Delta, south of Memphis; finally, Pathrousim (Patorosi, land of the south) inhabits present-day Said, between Memphis and the first cataract. This tradition which brings the Egyptians from Asia, through the Isthmus of Suez was not unknown to classical authors. Pliny the Elder attributes the founding of Heliopolis to Arabs; but it was never so popular as the opinion that they came from the high plateaus of Ethiopia. ${ }^{39}$ This identification* is more or less unfounded. It becomes contra- [^0] [^0]: *Borrowed by Maspero from Rougé's Recherches sur les monuments qu'on peut attribuer aux six premières dynasties de Manéthon.	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 66254 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_217	[^0] [^0]: *Borrowed by Maspero from Rougé's Recherches sur les monuments qu'on peut attribuer aux six premières dynasties de Manéthon. dictory when it links Libyans, said to have blue eyes and blond hair, with Lehabim, son of Mesraim, both of them Negroes. Another contradiction: Maspero seems at times to accept the theory of an Asiatic origin for the Egyptians and recalls the opinion of Pliny the Elder, who attributes the founding of Heliopolis to Arabs. In the same text, Maspero credits the settlement of that city to the Anu, whom he identifies with Anamim, son of Mesraim, a Negro. Our comments on the Arabs in a later chapter will eliminate any possibility of placing them at the founding of Heliopolis, especially if it occurred in "prehistoric" times, as the author affirms. We can see why Pliny's opinion did not enjoy the popularity among the Ancients that Maspero would have wished. To return to Maspero's account:	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 66835 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_218	In our day the origin and ethnographic affinities of the population have inspired lengthy debate. First, the seventeenth- and eight-eenth-century travelers, misled by the appearance of certain mongrelized Copts, certified that their predecessors in the Pharaonic age had a puffed up face, bug eyes, flat nose, fleshy lips. And that they presented certain characteristic features of the Negro race. This error, common at the start of the century, vanished once and for all as soon as the French Commission had published its great work. ${ }^{40}$	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 67772 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_219	Anyone reading that statement without first consulting Volney's testimony and explanatory note on climatic effects on racial appearance . . . might easily be persuaded that those travelers in centuries past could have let themselves be easily deceived by appearances. Bearing in mind what has been said about the gradual infiltration of Whites into Egypt-especially during the low epoch-in the Delta, if there was mongrelization, it could only have resulted in whitening the population, not in any Negrification that would make former Whites unrecognizable by unprejudiced observers. Let us see how, if we are to believe Maspero, that "common error" vanished once and for all after the publication of the "great work" by the French Commission:	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 68320 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_220	Let us see how, if we are to believe Maspero, that "common error" vanished once and for all after the publication of the "great work" by the French Commission: On examining innumerable reproductions of statues and bas-reliefs, we recognized that the people represented on the monuments, instead of presenting peculiarities and the general appearance of the Negro, really resembled the fine white races of Europe and Western	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 68906 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_221	Asia. Today, after a century of research and excavation, we no longer find it difficult to imagine, I shall not say Psammetichus and Sesostris, but Cheops, who helped to build the Pyramids. It suffices to enter a museum and examine the old-style statues assembled there. At first glance, we feel that the artist has sought to reproduce an exact likeness, in the accurate portrayal of head and limbs. Then, brushing aside the nuances proper to each individual, we easily detect the general character and principal types of the race. One of them, thick-set and heavy, corresponds quite well to one of the prevalent types among the modern fellahs. Another, depicting members of the upper class, shows us a man tall and slender, with broad, muscular shoulders, well-developed chest, sinewy arms, small hands, slim hips, thin legs. The anatomical details of his knee and calf muscle stand out, as is the case with most people who walk a lot. His feet are long, narrow	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 69334 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_222	, sinewy arms, small hands, slim hips, thin legs. The anatomical details of his knee and calf muscle stand out, as is the case with most people who walk a lot. His feet are long, narrow, flattened at the end by habitually walking without shoes. His head, often too heavy for his body, expresses kindness and instinctive sadness. His brow is square, perhaps somewhat low; his nose short and fleshy; his eyes are large and opened wide; his cheeks round; his lips thick but not everted; his mouth, stretched a bit too far, retains a resigned and almost painful smile. These features, common to most of the statues of the Old and Middle Empire, persist through all the epochs. The monuments of the Eighteenth Dynasty, so inferior in artistic beauty to those of the old dynasties, transmit the primitive type without appreciable alteration. Today, although the upper classes have been disfigured by repeated miscegenation with the foreigner	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 70111 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_223	, transmit the primitive type without appreciable alteration. Today, although the upper classes have been disfigured by repeated miscegenation with the foreigner, ordinary peasants almost everywhere have retained the appearance of their ancestors. Any fellah can contemplate with astonishment the statues of Chephren or the colossi of Sanuasrit transporting across Cairo, after more than 4,000 years of existence, the physiognomy of these old Pharaohs. ${ }^{41}$	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 70885 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_224	Such is the hub of Maspero's demonstration. We have not omitted a single word. What does it prove? What does the "great work" teach us? The author informs us that Egyptology is already a very old science; for a century specialists have excavated and searched; now we know the prototype of the ancient Egyptian down to the most minor ethnic detail. The artist has depicted his "exact likeness." Thanks to this realistic art, we can reconstitute ethnically the members of the upper class. According to Maspero's observations, they had a "nose	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 71351 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_225	short and fleshy," a "mouth stretched a bit too far," "thick lips," "large eyes opened wide," "round cheeks," a brow "perhaps somewhat low," "broad, muscular shoulders," "small hands," "slim hips," "thin legs." These common features, perpetuated throughout the Old and Middle Kingdoms, "instead of presenting peculiarities and the general appearance of the Negro, really resembled the fine white races of Europe and Western Asia." That conclusion needs no commentary.	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 71894 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_226	After so solemn a confirmation of the Negro origin by an author whose intent was to destroy it, we see once again the impossibility of proving the opposite of the truth. Gaston Maspero, who became in 1889 the Director of the Cairo Museum, was a scholar to whom we are indebted for several translations of Egyptian texts. He had the technical preparation necessary for establishing all that was demonstrable. His failure, despite that knowledge, like the failure of scholars who tackled this problem before or after him, constitutes, as it were, the most solid, if unintentional, proof of the Negro origin.	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 72364 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_227	Next we come to the thesis of Abbé Emile Amélineau (18501916), a great Egyptologist seldom mentioned. He excavated at Om El'Gaab, near Abydos, and discovered a royal necropolis where he was able to identify the names of 16 kings more ancient perhaps than Menes. He found tombs of four kings: Ka, Den, the Serpent King Djet (whose stela is at the Louvre), and another whose name has not been deciphered. As Amélineau reports, attempts have been made to include these monarchs in the historical period: "At the meeting of the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres, Mr. Maspero tried to place these kings in the Twelfth Dynasty . . . then . . . he attributed them to the Eighteenth . . . next to the Fifth . . . then'to the Fourth. . . ."42 After refuting his detractors, Amélineau concludes: "Those are reasons which seem to me not to deserve scorn, but rather to merit serious consideration by scholars of good will, for the others do not count in my opinion." ${ }^{13}$	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 72972 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_228	To Amélineau we owe the discovery of Osiris' tomb at Abydos, thanks to which Osiris could no longer be considered a mythical hero but an historic personage, an initial ancestor of the Pharaohs, a Black ancestor, as was his sister, Isis. Thus we can understand why the Egyptians always painted their gods black as coal, in the image of their race, from the beginning to the end of their history. It would be paradoxical and quite incomprehensible for a white people never to have painted its gods white, but to choose, on the contrary, to depict	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 73950 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_229	its most sacred beings in the black color of Isis and Osiris on Egyptian monuments. This fact reveals one of the contradictions of the moderns who assert dogmatically that the White race created Egyptian civilization with an enslaved Black race living by its side. The choice of the slaves' color, rather than that of the masters and civilizers, to represent the deities, is, to say the least, inadmissible and should shock a logical, objective mind. . . . So it is that Amélineau, after his tremendous finds and his in-depth study of Egyptian society, reaches the following conclusion of major importance for the history of mankind:	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 74497 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_230	So it is that Amélineau, after his tremendous finds and his in-depth study of Egyptian society, reaches the following conclusion of major importance for the history of mankind: From various Egyptian legends, I have been able to conclude that the populations settled in the Nile Valley were Negroes, since the goddess Isis was said to have been a reddish-black woman. In other words, as I have explained, her complexion is café au lait (coffee with milk), the same as that of certain other Blacks whose skin seems to cast metallic reflections of copper. ${ }^{44}$ Amélineau designates the first Black race to occupy Egypt by the name $A n u$. He shows that it came slowly down the Nile and founded the cities of Esneh, Erment, Qouch, and Heliopolis, for, as he says:	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 74956 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_231	All those cities have the characteristic symbol which serves to denote the name $A n u .{ }^{45}$ It is also in an ethnic sense that we must read the term $A n u$ applied to Osiris. As a matter of fact, in a chapter introducing hymns in honor of Ra and containing Chapter XV of The Book of the Dead, we read: 'Hail to thee, O God Ani in the mountainous land of Antem! O great God, falcon of the double solar mountain!" If Osiris was of Nubian origin, although born at Thebes, it would be easy to understand why the struggle between Set and Horus took place in Nubia. In any case, it is striking that the goddess Isis, according to the legend, has precisely the same skin color that Nubians always have, and that the god Osiris has what seems to me an ethnic epithet indicating his Nubian origin. Apparently this observation has never before been made. ${ }^{46}$	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 75729 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_232	If we accept the evidence of their own creations, The Book of the Dead among others, these Anu, whom Maspero tried to transform into Arabs . . . appear essentially as Blacks. In support of Améli- neau's theory, it may be pointed out that $A n$ means man (in Diola). Thus $A n u$ originally may have meant men. (For other similarities, see Chapter X.) According to Amélineau, this Black race, the Anu, probably created in prehistoric times all the elements of Egyptian civilization which persist without significant change throughout its long existence. These Blacks were probably the first to practice agriculture, to irrigate the valley of the Nile, build dams, invent sciences, arts, writing, the calendar. They created the cosmogony contained in The Book of the Dead, texts which leave no doubt about the Negroness of the race that conceived the ideas.	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 76594 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_233	These Anu . . . were an agricultural people, raising cattle on a large scale along the Nile, shutting themselves up in walled cities for defensive purposes. To this people we can attribute, without fear of error, the most ancient Egyptian books, The Book of the Dead and the Texts of the Pyramids, consequently, all the myths or religious teachings. I would add almost all the philosophical systems then known and still called Egyptian. They evidently knew the crafts necessary for any civilization and were familiar with the tools those trades required. They knew how to use metals, at least elementary metals. They made the earliest attempts at writing, for the whole Egyptian tradition attributes this art to Thoth, the great Hermes, an Anu like Osiris, who is called the Onian in Chapter XV of The Book of the Dead and in the Texts of the Pyramids. Certainly the people already knew the principal arts; it left proof of this in the architecture of the tombs at Abydos	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 77456 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_234	, especially the tomb of Osiris, and in those sepulchers objects have been found bearing the unmistakable stamp of their origin-such as carved ivory, or the little head of a Nubian girl found in a tomb near that of Osiris, or the small wooden or ivory receptacles in the form of a feline head-all documents published in the first volume of my Fouilles d'Abydos. ${ }^{17}$	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 78427 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_235	Formulating his theory, Amélineau continues: The conclusion to be drawn from these considerations is that the conquered Anu people guided its conquerors at least along some of the paths to civilization and the arts. This conclusion, as can readily be seen, is most important for the history of human civilization and the history of religion. It clearly follows from what has been stated earlier: Egyptian civilization is not of Asiatic, but of African origin, of Negroid origin, however paradoxical this may seem. We are not accustomed, in fact, to endow the Black or related races with too much intelligence, or even with enough intelligence to make the first discoveries necessary for civilization. Yet, there is not a single tribe inhabiting the African interior that has not possessed and does not still possess at least one of those first discoveries. ${ }^{48}$	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 78802 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_236	Amélineau supposes that a Negro Egypt, already civilized by the Anu, may have been invaded by a coarse white race from the African interior. Gradually conquering the valley as far as Lower Egypt, this uncultivated white race was probably civilized by the Black Anu, large numbers of whom it nonetheless destroyed. The author bases this theory on an analysis of scenes depicted on Narmer's Tablet, discovered at Hierakonpolis by James Edward Quibbell (1867-1935) (fig. 31). Current opinion unanimously recognizes that the prisoners portrayed on that tablet, with their aquiline noses, represent Asian invaders conquered and punished by the Pharaoh who, in that remote epoch, had his capital in Upper Egypt.	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 79674 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_237	This interpretation is confirmed by the fact that the persons walking ahead of the Pharaoh and belonging to his victorious army are Nubians, wearing Nubian insignia, such as the symbol of the Jackal and that of the Sparrow-hawk, which we would call Nubian totems. Besides, archeological data do not support the hypothesis of a white race originating in the heart of Africa. The ox-tail carried by the Pharaoh on this tablet, and that Egyptian Pharaohs and priests always carried, is still borne at ceremonies and official functions by Nigerian religious leaders. The same is true of the garment worn by the Pharaoh; the amulet-filled sachet on his chest is always present throughout Egyptian history. It is found on the chest of any Negro chief who holds a responsible position; in Wolof, it is called dakk.	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 80382 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_238	The servant is holding the Pharaoh's sandals, identical with the Negroes' voganti. Walking behind the king and carrying a kettle, he has the typical attitude of the modern Negro servant, or bek-neg (compare with bak, which means servant in Egyptian). The fact that the king has taken off his sandals suggests that he is about to perform a sacrifice in a holy place, and that he must first purify his limbs with the water in the kettle. The Egyptians are known to have practiced ablutions thousands of years before the advent of Islam. Thus, Narmec's Tablet probably portrays a ritual sacrificial scene after a victory. Similar human sacrifices were still practiced in Black Africa until very recent times; in Dahomey, for example.	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 81194 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_239	Above the victim, the scene depicting Horus holding what seems to be a cord passing through the nostrils of an amputated head, perhaps symbolizes these very lives sacrificed to the god, escaping through the nose of the victims and being accepted by Horus. This idea conforms to the Negro belief that life escapes through the nostrils. Life and nose are synonyms in Wolof and often used interchangeably.	{ "Header 1": "CHAPTER III", "Header 2": "Modern Falsification of History", "image_references": [], "images_base64": [], "start_index": 81929 }	african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf