Datasets:

aieng-lab
/

gradiend_religion_data

text stringlengths 11 4.45k	swapped stringlengths 11 4.46k	masked stringlengths 11 4.45k	source stringclasses 20 values	target stringclasses 20 values	source_id stringclasses 2 values	target_id stringclasses 2 values
The Archbishopric of Corinth became once more the centre of the Catholic Church in the Peloponnese during the brief period of Venetian rule in 1688–1715, while the Orthodox Metropolis of Patras remained the centre of the local Orthodox Church.	The Archbishopric of Corinth became once more the centre of the Catholic Synagogue in the Peloponnese during the brief period of Venetian rule in 1688–1715, while the Orthodox Metropolis of Patras remained the centre of the local Orthodox Church.	The Archbishopric of Corinth became once more the centre of the Catholic [MASK] in the Peloponnese during the brief period of Venetian rule in 1688–1715, while the Orthodox Metropolis of Patras remained the centre of the local Orthodox Church.	Church	Synagogue	christian	jewish
The White Houses, situated a little further out, is a building society development originally built for workers at Frederiksberg Gasworks in the 1890s. The architect was Gotfred Tvede. Lindevang Church (No. 69) is from 1825 to 1830 and was designed by Thomas Havning and Anton Frederiksen.	The White Houses, situated a little further out, is a building society development originally built for workers at Frederiksberg Gasworks in the 1890s. The architect was Gotfred Tvede. Lindevang Synagogue (No. 69) is from 1825 to 1830 and was designed by Thomas Havning and Anton Frederiksen.	The White Houses, situated a little further out, is a building society development originally built for workers at Frederiksberg Gasworks in the 1890s. The architect was Gotfred Tvede. Lindevang [MASK] (No. 69) is from 1825 to 1830 and was designed by Thomas Havning and Anton Frederiksen.	Church	Synagogue	christian	jewish
The Jewish community of Houston, Texas has grown and thrived since the 1800s. As of 2008 Jews lived in many Houston neighborhoods and Meyerland is the center of the Jewish community in the area.	The Jewish community of Houston, Texas has grown and thrived since the 1800s. As of 2008 Christians lived in many Houston neighborhoods and Meyerland is the center of the Jewish community in the area.	The Jewish community of Houston, Texas has grown and thrived since the 1800s. As of 2008 [MASK] lived in many Houston neighborhoods and Meyerland is the center of the Jewish community in the area.	Jews	Christians	jewish	christian
Lavin was born in Portland, Maine, the daughter of David Joseph Lavin, a businessman, and Lucille ("née" Potter), an opera singer. The Lavin family were active members of the local Jewish community. Both sets of grandparents, Simon and Jessie Lavin and Harry and Esther Potter, emigrated from Russia. Her family was musically talented, and Lavin has been onstage since the age of five. She studied acting at HB Studio in New York City. She attended Waynflete School before enrolling in the College of William & Mary. While at William and Mary, she performed with the William and Mary Theater in many productions directed by long-time Professor Howard Scammon. In the summer of 1958, she played one of the leads in "The Common Glory", an outdoor drama written by Pulitzer-Prize winning playwright Paul Green and staged at an amphitheater on campus. Upon her graduation from William and Mary, she had already received her Actors' Equity Association card. She was a member of the Compass Players in the late 1950s. By the early 1960s, Lavin had appeared in several Broadway shows and appeared on the 1966 cast recordings of "The Mad Show" performing Stephen Sondheim's "The Boy From...". From "It's a Bird...It's a Plane...It's Superman", one of her numbers, "You've Got Possibilities", was the album's best-received song and was called "The one memorable song...flirty, syncopated" by the "Dallas Observer".	Lavin was born in Portland, Maine, the daughter of David Joseph Lavin, a businessman, and Lucille ("née" Potter), an opera singer. The Lavin family were active members of the local Christian community. Both sets of grandparents, Simon and Jessie Lavin and Harry and Esther Potter, emigrated from Russia. Her family was musically talented, and Lavin has been onstage since the age of five. She studied acting at HB Studio in New York City. She attended Waynflete School before enrolling in the College of William & Mary. While at William and Mary, she performed with the William and Mary Theater in many productions directed by long-time Professor Howard Scammon. In the summer of 1958, she played one of the leads in "The Common Glory", an outdoor drama written by Pulitzer-Prize winning playwright Paul Green and staged at an amphitheater on campus. Upon her graduation from William and Mary, she had already received her Actors' Equity Association card. She was a member of the Compass Players in the late 1950s. By the early 1960s, Lavin had appeared in several Broadway shows and appeared on the 1966 cast recordings of "The Mad Show" performing Stephen Sondheim's "The Boy From...". From "It's a Bird...It's a Plane...It's Superman", one of her numbers, "You've Got Possibilities", was the album's best-received song and was called "The one memorable song...flirty, syncopated" by the "Dallas Observer".	Lavin was born in Portland, Maine, the daughter of David Joseph Lavin, a businessman, and Lucille ("née" Potter), an opera singer. The Lavin family were active members of the local [MASK] community. Both sets of grandparents, Simon and Jessie Lavin and Harry and Esther Potter, emigrated from Russia. Her family was musically talented, and Lavin has been onstage since the age of five. She studied acting at HB Studio in New York City. She attended Waynflete School before enrolling in the College of William & Mary. While at William and Mary, she performed with the William and Mary Theater in many productions directed by long-time Professor Howard Scammon. In the summer of 1958, she played one of the leads in "The Common Glory", an outdoor drama written by Pulitzer-Prize winning playwright Paul Green and staged at an amphitheater on campus. Upon her graduation from William and Mary, she had already received her Actors' Equity Association card. She was a member of the Compass Players in the late 1950s. By the early 1960s, Lavin had appeared in several Broadway shows and appeared on the 1966 cast recordings of "The Mad Show" performing Stephen Sondheim's "The Boy From...". From "It's a Bird...It's a Plane...It's Superman", one of her numbers, "You've Got Possibilities", was the album's best-received song and was called "The one memorable song...flirty, syncopated" by the "Dallas Observer".	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
Since the Islamic Revolution, however, the institutionalization of Islamic Sharia law has come down especially hard on the Assemblies of God because of their unique success in converting Muslims to Christianity. This success is due principally to its principle of using the vernacular Persian language as the language of its prayer and not one of the several ancient languages (i.e., Syriac, Armenian) used for prayer by the other Christian groups.	Since the Islamic Revolution, however, the institutionalization of Islamic Sharia law has come down especially hard on the Assemblies of God because of their unique success in converting Muslims to Christianity. This success is due principally to its principle of using the vernacular Persian language as the language of its prayer and not one of the several ancient languages (i.e., Syriac, Armenian) used for prayer by the other Jewish groups.	Since the Islamic Revolution, however, the institutionalization of Islamic Sharia law has come down especially hard on the Assemblies of God because of their unique success in converting Muslims to Christianity. This success is due principally to its principle of using the vernacular Persian language as the language of its prayer and not one of the several ancient languages (i.e., Syriac, Armenian) used for prayer by the other [MASK] groups.	Christian	Jewish	christian	jewish
There are no known Hungarian Jewish gold medalist since 1976. Overall, Hungarian Jews won 15.4% of the 117 individual gold medals of Hungary, and had part in at least 16 out of the 42 gold medals in team events.	There are no known Hungarian Jewish gold medalist since 1976. Overall, Hungarian Christians won 15.4% of the 117 individual gold medals of Hungary, and had part in at least 16 out of the 42 gold medals in team events.	There are no known Hungarian Jewish gold medalist since 1976. Overall, Hungarian [MASK] won 15.4% of the 117 individual gold medals of Hungary, and had part in at least 16 out of the 42 gold medals in team events.	Jews	Christians	jewish	christian
Amizo obtained two imperial diplomas confirming the church of Turin in all its possessions: the first was issued by Otto II in 981, and the second by Otto III in 998.	Amizo obtained two imperial diplomas confirming the synagogue of Turin in all its possessions: the first was issued by Otto II in 981, and the second by Otto III in 998.	Amizo obtained two imperial diplomas confirming the [MASK] of Turin in all its possessions: the first was issued by Otto II in 981, and the second by Otto III in 998.	church	synagogue	christian	jewish
It is made up of 5,773 Hebrew letters, 1,461 Hebrew words, 132 verses, and 189 lines in a Torah Scroll (, "Sefer Torah"). Jews generally read it in July or August. The lunisolar Hebrew calendar contains up to 55 Saturdays, the exact number varying between 50 in common years and 54 or 55 in leap years. In some leap years (for example, 2014), parashat Masei is read separately. In most years (all coming years until 2035 in the Diaspora, until 2022 in Israel), parashat Masei is combined with the previous parashah, Matot, to help achieve the number of weekly readings needed.	It is made up of 5,773 Hebrew letters, 1,461 Hebrew words, 132 verses, and 189 lines in a Bible Scroll (, "Sefer Torah"). Jews generally read it in July or August. The lunisolar Hebrew calendar contains up to 55 Saturdays, the exact number varying between 50 in common years and 54 or 55 in leap years. In some leap years (for example, 2014), parashat Masei is read separately. In most years (all coming years until 2035 in the Diaspora, until 2022 in Israel), parashat Masei is combined with the previous parashah, Matot, to help achieve the number of weekly readings needed.	It is made up of 5,773 Hebrew letters, 1,461 Hebrew words, 132 verses, and 189 lines in a [MASK] Scroll (, "Sefer Torah"). Jews generally read it in July or August. The lunisolar Hebrew calendar contains up to 55 Saturdays, the exact number varying between 50 in common years and 54 or 55 in leap years. In some leap years (for example, 2014), parashat Masei is read separately. In most years (all coming years until 2035 in the Diaspora, until 2022 in Israel), parashat Masei is combined with the previous parashah, Matot, to help achieve the number of weekly readings needed.	Torah	Bible	jewish	christian
Most recently, WSC Avant Bard presented a staged reading of A Klingon Christmas Carol at the District of Columbia Jewish Community Center's Theatre J, on December 15, 2014. This performance featured Marc Okrand, inventor of the Klingon language (and president of the company's Board of Directors), as Scrooge (codice_2).	Most recently, WSC Avant Bard presented a staged reading of A Klingon Christmas Carol at the District of Columbia Christian Community Center's Theatre J, on December 15, 2014. This performance featured Marc Okrand, inventor of the Klingon language (and president of the company's Board of Directors), as Scrooge (codice_2).	Most recently, WSC Avant Bard presented a staged reading of A Klingon Christmas Carol at the District of Columbia [MASK] Community Center's Theatre J, on December 15, 2014. This performance featured Marc Okrand, inventor of the Klingon language (and president of the company's Board of Directors), as Scrooge (codice_2).	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
"Avodah Zarah" 28a in the Babylonian Talmud continues the discussion which included the above example and again mentions Jacob. This time noting that he prepared medicine for the leg of Rabbi Abbahu, a distinguished man. The name "Jacob the Min" for him comes from this passage.	"Avodah Zarah" 28a in the Babylonian Talmud continues the discussion which included the above example and again mentions Jacob. This time noting that he prepared medicine for the leg of Priest Abbahu, a distinguished man. The name "Jacob the Min" for him comes from this passage.	"Avodah Zarah" 28a in the Babylonian Talmud continues the discussion which included the above example and again mentions Jacob. This time noting that he prepared medicine for the leg of [MASK] Abbahu, a distinguished man. The name "Jacob the Min" for him comes from this passage.	Rabbi	Priest	jewish	christian
Later in Burlings career, he created a firm with architect Dankmar Adler. They reconstructed four miles’ worth of streetscape in the single year after the fire, more than 100 buildings created in all. Some were rebuilds, including the second Tribune Building and Marine Bank Building—while others were new, important commissions, including the Chicago Post Office and Customs House and Methodist Church Block, a religious denomination with which Burling was affiliated.	Later in Burlings career, he created a firm with architect Dankmar Adler. They reconstructed four miles’ worth of streetscape in the single year after the fire, more than 100 buildings created in all. Some were rebuilds, including the second Tribune Building and Marine Bank Building—while others were new, important commissions, including the Chicago Post Office and Customs House and Methodist Synagogue Block, a religious denomination with which Burling was affiliated.	Later in Burlings career, he created a firm with architect Dankmar Adler. They reconstructed four miles’ worth of streetscape in the single year after the fire, more than 100 buildings created in all. Some were rebuilds, including the second Tribune Building and Marine Bank Building—while others were new, important commissions, including the Chicago Post Office and Customs House and Methodist [MASK] Block, a religious denomination with which Burling was affiliated.	Church	Synagogue	christian	jewish
Fake Major was formed by David McGinty and Richard Ferguson in 2013. They were former members of the band Endor (2001–2012), which split up after 10 years. Endor consisted of four members, David McGinty (Vocals/Guitar), Richard Ferguson (Drums/Vocals), Calum Johnston (Bass) and Mark Church (Guitar/Vocals). Endor released an EP "Without the Help of Sparks" and a self-titled album which featured music played with drums, guitars, glockenspiel, harmonica, melodica, organ and rhodes. A second Endor record was considered but Richard Ferguson and David McGinty, being the main songwriters of Endor, decided to start their own project as a duo. McGinty and Ferguson prepared their Fake Major EP before officially announcing the disbandment of Endor.	Fake Major was formed by David McGinty and Richard Ferguson in 2013. They were former members of the band Endor (2001–2012), which split up after 10 years. Endor consisted of four members, David McGinty (Vocals/Guitar), Richard Ferguson (Drums/Vocals), Calum Johnston (Bass) and Mark Synagogue (Guitar/Vocals). Endor released an EP "Without the Help of Sparks" and a self-titled album which featured music played with drums, guitars, glockenspiel, harmonica, melodica, organ and rhodes. A second Endor record was considered but Richard Ferguson and David McGinty, being the main songwriters of Endor, decided to start their own project as a duo. McGinty and Ferguson prepared their Fake Major EP before officially announcing the disbandment of Endor.	Fake Major was formed by David McGinty and Richard Ferguson in 2013. They were former members of the band Endor (2001–2012), which split up after 10 years. Endor consisted of four members, David McGinty (Vocals/Guitar), Richard Ferguson (Drums/Vocals), Calum Johnston (Bass) and Mark [MASK] (Guitar/Vocals). Endor released an EP "Without the Help of Sparks" and a self-titled album which featured music played with drums, guitars, glockenspiel, harmonica, melodica, organ and rhodes. A second Endor record was considered but Richard Ferguson and David McGinty, being the main songwriters of Endor, decided to start their own project as a duo. McGinty and Ferguson prepared their Fake Major EP before officially announcing the disbandment of Endor.	Church	Synagogue	christian	jewish
The parish church of S. Secondo is first mentioned in 1293. It was rebuilt in 1779–82, though the older romanesque clock tower was retained.	The parish synagogue of S. Secondo is first mentioned in 1293. It was rebuilt in 1779–82, though the older romanesque clock tower was retained.	The parish [MASK] of S. Secondo is first mentioned in 1293. It was rebuilt in 1779–82, though the older romanesque clock tower was retained.	church	synagogue	christian	jewish
"The "sensus fidelium" is synonymous with the "ecclesia discens"-the learning Church. Recently there have been some who believe that the "ecclesia docens"-the teaching Church-must follow the "ecclesia discens". This is wrong. It has always been that the Church gives doctrine and the faithful learn doctrine."	"The "sensus fidelium" is synonymous with the "ecclesia discens"-the learning Church. Recently there have been some who believe that the "ecclesia docens"-the teaching Church-must follow the "ecclesia discens". This is wrong. It has always been that the Synagogue gives doctrine and the faithful learn doctrine."	"The "sensus fidelium" is synonymous with the "ecclesia discens"-the learning Church. Recently there have been some who believe that the "ecclesia docens"-the teaching Church-must follow the "ecclesia discens". This is wrong. It has always been that the [MASK] gives doctrine and the faithful learn doctrine."	Church	Synagogue	christian	jewish
The Bronfman Fellowship was founded in 1987 by Edgar M. Bronfman, in response to what he perceived as a lack of dialogue among the various Jewish denominations in North America. Edgar also dreamed of a "renaissance of Torah study," in which all Jews would not only be welcomed into the dialogue but would also be equipped with the thoughtfulness and Jewish literacy to engage in serious study of Jewish texts. In 1998, the organization launched Amitei Bronfman, its program for young Israelis. Today, the Bronfman Fellowship is one of the most well-respected youth programs in the Jewish nonprofit space.	The Bronfman Fellowship was founded in 1987 by Edgar M. Bronfman, in response to what he perceived as a lack of dialogue among the various Jewish denominations in North America. Edgar also dreamed of a "renaissance of Torah study," in which all Christians would not only be welcomed into the dialogue but would also be equipped with the thoughtfulness and Jewish literacy to engage in serious study of Jewish texts. In 1998, the organization launched Amitei Bronfman, its program for young Israelis. Today, the Bronfman Fellowship is one of the most well-respected youth programs in the Jewish nonprofit space.	The Bronfman Fellowship was founded in 1987 by Edgar M. Bronfman, in response to what he perceived as a lack of dialogue among the various Jewish denominations in North America. Edgar also dreamed of a "renaissance of Torah study," in which all [MASK] would not only be welcomed into the dialogue but would also be equipped with the thoughtfulness and Jewish literacy to engage in serious study of Jewish texts. In 1998, the organization launched Amitei Bronfman, its program for young Israelis. Today, the Bronfman Fellowship is one of the most well-respected youth programs in the Jewish nonprofit space.	Jews	Christians	jewish	christian
The platform of the Republican Party of the United States is generally based on American conservatism, contrasting with the modern liberalism of the Democratic Party. The positions of the Republican Party have evolved over time. Currently, the party's fiscal conservatism includes support for lower taxes, free market capitalism, deregulation of corporations, and restrictions on labor unions. The party's social conservatism includes support for gun rights and other traditional values, often with a Christian foundation, including restrictions on abortion. In foreign policy, Republicans usually favor increased military spending and unilateral action. Other Republican positions include restrictions on immigration, opposition to drug legalization, and support for school choice.	The platform of the Republican Party of the United States is generally based on American conservatism, contrasting with the modern liberalism of the Democratic Party. The positions of the Republican Party have evolved over time. Currently, the party's fiscal conservatism includes support for lower taxes, free market capitalism, deregulation of corporations, and restrictions on labor unions. The party's social conservatism includes support for gun rights and other traditional values, often with a Jewish foundation, including restrictions on abortion. In foreign policy, Republicans usually favor increased military spending and unilateral action. Other Republican positions include restrictions on immigration, opposition to drug legalization, and support for school choice.	The platform of the Republican Party of the United States is generally based on American conservatism, contrasting with the modern liberalism of the Democratic Party. The positions of the Republican Party have evolved over time. Currently, the party's fiscal conservatism includes support for lower taxes, free market capitalism, deregulation of corporations, and restrictions on labor unions. The party's social conservatism includes support for gun rights and other traditional values, often with a [MASK] foundation, including restrictions on abortion. In foreign policy, Republicans usually favor increased military spending and unilateral action. Other Republican positions include restrictions on immigration, opposition to drug legalization, and support for school choice.	Christian	Jewish	christian	jewish
By the 1870s, Jewish women's education was becoming increasingly important in Curaçao. Many Sephardic women attended Colegio Colonial, a school directed by José R. Henriquez and his wife, where they learned arithmetic, astronomy, etiquette, general religion, geography, languages, reading and writing, along with students from Colombia, the Dominican Republic and Venezuela. These educated women who had little job opportunities, turned their attentions toward charitable social projects. One such project was spearheaded by Rebecca Cohen Henriquez, who led the members of "Club Entre Nous" to build Queen Wilhelmina Park in 1899.	By the 1870s, Christian women's education was becoming increasingly important in Curaçao. Many Sephardic women attended Colegio Colonial, a school directed by José R. Henriquez and his wife, where they learned arithmetic, astronomy, etiquette, general religion, geography, languages, reading and writing, along with students from Colombia, the Dominican Republic and Venezuela. These educated women who had little job opportunities, turned their attentions toward charitable social projects. One such project was spearheaded by Rebecca Cohen Henriquez, who led the members of "Club Entre Nous" to build Queen Wilhelmina Park in 1899.	By the 1870s, [MASK] women's education was becoming increasingly important in Curaçao. Many Sephardic women attended Colegio Colonial, a school directed by José R. Henriquez and his wife, where they learned arithmetic, astronomy, etiquette, general religion, geography, languages, reading and writing, along with students from Colombia, the Dominican Republic and Venezuela. These educated women who had little job opportunities, turned their attentions toward charitable social projects. One such project was spearheaded by Rebecca Cohen Henriquez, who led the members of "Club Entre Nous" to build Queen Wilhelmina Park in 1899.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
According to Jonathan Ruhe and Blake Fleisher from the Gemunder Center for Defense and Strategy (part of the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs, Washington D.C.), nuclear capable cruise missiles, such as the Soumar, were overlooked in the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) on Iran's nuclear program and UN Security Council Resolution 2231.	According to Jonathan Ruhe and Blake Fleisher from the Gemunder Center for Defense and Strategy (part of the Christian Institute for National Security Affairs, Washington D.C.), nuclear capable cruise missiles, such as the Soumar, were overlooked in the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) on Iran's nuclear program and UN Security Council Resolution 2231.	According to Jonathan Ruhe and Blake Fleisher from the Gemunder Center for Defense and Strategy (part of the [MASK] Institute for National Security Affairs, Washington D.C.), nuclear capable cruise missiles, such as the Soumar, were overlooked in the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) on Iran's nuclear program and UN Security Council Resolution 2231.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
The brick church building has twin towers. Hungarian-born Henri Kohner was the architect and builder of the current church. Detroit Stained Glass Works designed and created the church's five Renaissance-style heavy enamel-painted sanctuary windows. The windows portray Jesus Christ, Saint Peter, Paul the Apostle, and several Hungarian saints. They were installed in 1924. The company von Gerichten Studio of Columbus, Ohio paid $12,000 to have the stained windows made. Ludwig von Gerichten designed and created the church's stained glass windows. Among them is a pot-metal and painted enamel glass window titled "The Assumption of the Virgin." Andras Daubner made several large hand-painted murals that were made between 1948 and 1949.	The brick synagogue building has twin towers. Hungarian-born Henri Kohner was the architect and builder of the current church. Detroit Stained Glass Works designed and created the church's five Renaissance-style heavy enamel-painted sanctuary windows. The windows portray Jesus Christ, Saint Peter, Paul the Apostle, and several Hungarian saints. They were installed in 1924. The company von Gerichten Studio of Columbus, Ohio paid $12,000 to have the stained windows made. Ludwig von Gerichten designed and created the church's stained glass windows. Among them is a pot-metal and painted enamel glass window titled "The Assumption of the Virgin." Andras Daubner made several large hand-painted murals that were made between 1948 and 1949.	The brick [MASK] building has twin towers. Hungarian-born Henri Kohner was the architect and builder of the current church. Detroit Stained Glass Works designed and created the church's five Renaissance-style heavy enamel-painted sanctuary windows. The windows portray Jesus Christ, Saint Peter, Paul the Apostle, and several Hungarian saints. They were installed in 1924. The company von Gerichten Studio of Columbus, Ohio paid $12,000 to have the stained windows made. Ludwig von Gerichten designed and created the church's stained glass windows. Among them is a pot-metal and painted enamel glass window titled "The Assumption of the Virgin." Andras Daubner made several large hand-painted murals that were made between 1948 and 1949.	church	synagogue	christian	jewish
Newmark is credited with having performed the first Jewish wedding in California, and officiated as rabbi for his daughters' weddings. In 1862, he persuaded rabbi Abram Wolf Edelman to move to Los Angeles and become its first rabbi. After Newmark's death, the synagogue congregation became Reform. Edelman retired after they made that decision.	Newmark is credited with having performed the first Christian wedding in California, and officiated as rabbi for his daughters' weddings. In 1862, he persuaded rabbi Abram Wolf Edelman to move to Los Angeles and become its first rabbi. After Newmark's death, the synagogue congregation became Reform. Edelman retired after they made that decision.	Newmark is credited with having performed the first [MASK] wedding in California, and officiated as rabbi for his daughters' weddings. In 1862, he persuaded rabbi Abram Wolf Edelman to move to Los Angeles and become its first rabbi. After Newmark's death, the synagogue congregation became Reform. Edelman retired after they made that decision.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
Discouragement of recreation on Sunday, the Christian Sabbath, was a feature of the Puritan Sabbatarianism of the 17th century, which influenced the Sunday Observance Act 1695 passed by the Parliament of Ireland, which made it illegal to take part in sports, stating, "by reason of tumultuous and disorderly meetings, which have been, and frequently are used on the Lord's-day, commonly called Sunday, under pretence of hurling, commoning, football-playing, cudgels, wrestling, or other sports". In the 19th century in the United Kingdom, Protestants and urban areas tended to favour stricter observance of the Sabbath than rural areas and Roman Catholics. The Factory Acts facilitated working-class recreation on Saturday afternoons, whereas farm labourers work all day Saturday. The IFA for decades after its 1880 foundation was strongest around industrial Belfast, and many clubs were of Protestant workmen.	Discouragement of recreation on Sunday, the Jewish Sabbath, was a feature of the Puritan Sabbatarianism of the 17th century, which influenced the Sunday Observance Act 1695 passed by the Parliament of Ireland, which made it illegal to take part in sports, stating, "by reason of tumultuous and disorderly meetings, which have been, and frequently are used on the Lord's-day, commonly called Sunday, under pretence of hurling, commoning, football-playing, cudgels, wrestling, or other sports". In the 19th century in the United Kingdom, Protestants and urban areas tended to favour stricter observance of the Sabbath than rural areas and Roman Catholics. The Factory Acts facilitated working-class recreation on Saturday afternoons, whereas farm labourers work all day Saturday. The IFA for decades after its 1880 foundation was strongest around industrial Belfast, and many clubs were of Protestant workmen.	Discouragement of recreation on Sunday, the [MASK] Sabbath, was a feature of the Puritan Sabbatarianism of the 17th century, which influenced the Sunday Observance Act 1695 passed by the Parliament of Ireland, which made it illegal to take part in sports, stating, "by reason of tumultuous and disorderly meetings, which have been, and frequently are used on the Lord's-day, commonly called Sunday, under pretence of hurling, commoning, football-playing, cudgels, wrestling, or other sports". In the 19th century in the United Kingdom, Protestants and urban areas tended to favour stricter observance of the Sabbath than rural areas and Roman Catholics. The Factory Acts facilitated working-class recreation on Saturday afternoons, whereas farm labourers work all day Saturday. The IFA for decades after its 1880 foundation was strongest around industrial Belfast, and many clubs were of Protestant workmen.	Christian	Jewish	christian	jewish
The anti-religious propaganda was fond of depicting kind, compassionate and good atheists, while contrasting them with believers who were depicted as fanatical, intolerant and heartless (e.g. for breaking up marriages when one partner was a non-believer). They were blamed for counterfeiting miracles and promoting anti-Sovietism. The teachings of Christianity were partly blamed for this by allegations that their teaching of humility deprived people of courage and freedom. In one instance, a female Christian writing to propagandist Osipov claimed that there was more intolerance and drinking than in previous years, and she blamed the state for provoking this.	The anti-religious propaganda was fond of depicting kind, compassionate and good atheists, while contrasting them with believers who were depicted as fanatical, intolerant and heartless (e.g. for breaking up marriages when one partner was a non-believer). They were blamed for counterfeiting miracles and promoting anti-Sovietism. The teachings of Judaism were partly blamed for this by allegations that their teaching of humility deprived people of courage and freedom. In one instance, a female Christian writing to propagandist Osipov claimed that there was more intolerance and drinking than in previous years, and she blamed the state for provoking this.	The anti-religious propaganda was fond of depicting kind, compassionate and good atheists, while contrasting them with believers who were depicted as fanatical, intolerant and heartless (e.g. for breaking up marriages when one partner was a non-believer). They were blamed for counterfeiting miracles and promoting anti-Sovietism. The teachings of [MASK] were partly blamed for this by allegations that their teaching of humility deprived people of courage and freedom. In one instance, a female Christian writing to propagandist Osipov claimed that there was more intolerance and drinking than in previous years, and she blamed the state for provoking this.	Christianity	Judaism	christian	jewish
Albéniz is a village in Álava, Basque Country, Spain. It is one of the typical villages of the Alava Plain (, ) nestled in the municipality of Asparrena. The village surrounds a svelte church with its tower and it is enclosed by the Umandia, Albéniz, Olano and Ballo mountains. It has a few districts such as San Juan and San Bartolomé as well as scatterings of population in Moñete, Orrao and La Estación.	Albéniz is a village in Álava, Basque Country, Spain. It is one of the typical villages of the Alava Plain (, ) nestled in the municipality of Asparrena. The village surrounds a svelte synagogue with its tower and it is enclosed by the Umandia, Albéniz, Olano and Ballo mountains. It has a few districts such as San Juan and San Bartolomé as well as scatterings of population in Moñete, Orrao and La Estación.	Albéniz is a village in Álava, Basque Country, Spain. It is one of the typical villages of the Alava Plain (, ) nestled in the municipality of Asparrena. The village surrounds a svelte [MASK] with its tower and it is enclosed by the Umandia, Albéniz, Olano and Ballo mountains. It has a few districts such as San Juan and San Bartolomé as well as scatterings of population in Moñete, Orrao and La Estación.	church	synagogue	christian	jewish
Margaret Bromley moved to Loughborough to live with Bromskill and his family by the later stages of the Civil War: this was remarked by Edmund Calamy in his famous account of the ejected ministers. Bromskill was appointed or, as royalist writers like to say, "intruded" as rector of Loughborough Parish Church by the county's parliamentary committee on 26 June 1647, during the period when Parliament was trying to impose a Presbyterian polity on the country. The living was reckoned as worth £300 per year, a very substantial income. Bromskill was sufficiently wealthy to buy the Loughborough manor house from Ferdinando Hastings, 6th Earl of Huntingdon, in 1654. Nicholas Hall, the existing rector, was displaced, although he was to regain his position when Bromskill was removed in the Great Ejection of 1662, and Hall was treated as the existing incumbent when he subscribed to the Act of Uniformity.	Margaret Bromley moved to Loughborough to live with Bromskill and his family by the later stages of the Civil War: this was remarked by Edmund Calamy in his famous account of the ejected ministers. Bromskill was appointed or, as royalist writers like to say, "intruded" as rector of Loughborough Parish Synagogue by the county's parliamentary committee on 26 June 1647, during the period when Parliament was trying to impose a Presbyterian polity on the country. The living was reckoned as worth £300 per year, a very substantial income. Bromskill was sufficiently wealthy to buy the Loughborough manor house from Ferdinando Hastings, 6th Earl of Huntingdon, in 1654. Nicholas Hall, the existing rector, was displaced, although he was to regain his position when Bromskill was removed in the Great Ejection of 1662, and Hall was treated as the existing incumbent when he subscribed to the Act of Uniformity.	Margaret Bromley moved to Loughborough to live with Bromskill and his family by the later stages of the Civil War: this was remarked by Edmund Calamy in his famous account of the ejected ministers. Bromskill was appointed or, as royalist writers like to say, "intruded" as rector of Loughborough Parish [MASK] by the county's parliamentary committee on 26 June 1647, during the period when Parliament was trying to impose a Presbyterian polity on the country. The living was reckoned as worth £300 per year, a very substantial income. Bromskill was sufficiently wealthy to buy the Loughborough manor house from Ferdinando Hastings, 6th Earl of Huntingdon, in 1654. Nicholas Hall, the existing rector, was displaced, although he was to regain his position when Bromskill was removed in the Great Ejection of 1662, and Hall was treated as the existing incumbent when he subscribed to the Act of Uniformity.	Church	Synagogue	christian	jewish
The Brisbane Synagogue is Brisbane's first purpose built Synagogue, and is significant as an important development in nineteenth century Jewish worship in the city. The building reflects the development of Jewish settlement in the city during the 1880s.	The Brisbane Church is Brisbane's first purpose built Synagogue, and is significant as an important development in nineteenth century Jewish worship in the city. The building reflects the development of Jewish settlement in the city during the 1880s.	The Brisbane [MASK] is Brisbane's first purpose built Synagogue, and is significant as an important development in nineteenth century Jewish worship in the city. The building reflects the development of Jewish settlement in the city during the 1880s.	Synagogue	Church	jewish	christian
In the upper part of the chapel is the grave of Otto von Bismarck. The epitaph is in his own words: "A faithful German servant of Emperor Wilhelm I." In the lower part, which is not accessible to the public, is the place of the family grave of the Bismarcks. His son, Herbert von Bismarck, and grandson, Otto Christian Archibald von Bismarck, along with their wives, are laid to rest there. In the area around the chapel lies the grave of another grandson, Gottfried Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen. The chapel and the site are still owned by the Bismarck family, but can be visited and rented for private tours.	In the upper part of the chapel is the grave of Otto von Bismarck. The epitaph is in his own words: "A faithful German servant of Emperor Wilhelm I." In the lower part, which is not accessible to the public, is the place of the family grave of the Bismarcks. His son, Herbert von Bismarck, and grandson, Otto Jewish Archibald von Bismarck, along with their wives, are laid to rest there. In the area around the chapel lies the grave of another grandson, Gottfried Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen. The chapel and the site are still owned by the Bismarck family, but can be visited and rented for private tours.	In the upper part of the chapel is the grave of Otto von Bismarck. The epitaph is in his own words: "A faithful German servant of Emperor Wilhelm I." In the lower part, which is not accessible to the public, is the place of the family grave of the Bismarcks. His son, Herbert von Bismarck, and grandson, Otto [MASK] Archibald von Bismarck, along with their wives, are laid to rest there. In the area around the chapel lies the grave of another grandson, Gottfried Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen. The chapel and the site are still owned by the Bismarck family, but can be visited and rented for private tours.	Christian	Jewish	christian	jewish
An early settler, Samuel Dare, opened a store in his house there, and also served as a church trustee. The settlement was named in his honor following his death in 1838.	An early settler, Samuel Dare, opened a store in his house there, and also served as a synagogue trustee. The settlement was named in his honor following his death in 1838.	An early settler, Samuel Dare, opened a store in his house there, and also served as a [MASK] trustee. The settlement was named in his honor following his death in 1838.	church	synagogue	christian	jewish
The Kehilath Yakov Rabbinical Seminary in Ossining, New York, is an institution geared towards producing students who share an equal passion for the history and ethics of Judaism as well as scholarship, and learning itself.	The Kehilath Yakov Rabbinical Seminary in Ossining, New York, is an institution geared towards producing students who share an equal passion for the history and ethics of Christianity as well as scholarship, and learning itself.	The Kehilath Yakov Rabbinical Seminary in Ossining, New York, is an institution geared towards producing students who share an equal passion for the history and ethics of [MASK] as well as scholarship, and learning itself.	Judaism	Christianity	jewish	christian
Freeman defeated Jewish welterweight contender Georgie Levine in a ten round points decision on October 14, 1929 at Motor Square Garden in Pittsburgh. Now a rising star, Freeman boxed elegantly conserving his energy to last the full ten rounds, and slipped most of the punches of Levine while landing his own with accuracy. He appeared to fight without dealing unnecessary punishment to Levine, whom he easily outpointed.	Freeman defeated Christian welterweight contender Georgie Levine in a ten round points decision on October 14, 1929 at Motor Square Garden in Pittsburgh. Now a rising star, Freeman boxed elegantly conserving his energy to last the full ten rounds, and slipped most of the punches of Levine while landing his own with accuracy. He appeared to fight without dealing unnecessary punishment to Levine, whom he easily outpointed.	Freeman defeated [MASK] welterweight contender Georgie Levine in a ten round points decision on October 14, 1929 at Motor Square Garden in Pittsburgh. Now a rising star, Freeman boxed elegantly conserving his energy to last the full ten rounds, and slipped most of the punches of Levine while landing his own with accuracy. He appeared to fight without dealing unnecessary punishment to Levine, whom he easily outpointed.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
Solomon Sirilio was a child during the expulsion of Jews from Spain, and wandered with his parents until they eventually reached Salonika, in Greece, where they settled. He studied Jewish legal law and ethics in the city’s chief seats of learning, until, at length, he began to instruct others in the laws of his countrymen, the Mosaic law, both, in his city and in Adrianople. In 1532, he immigrated to Ottoman Galilee where he settled in Safed. In Safed, he held a discussion with Rabbi Jacob Berab over a decision concerning meat. Because of a dispute between himself and Rabbi Jacob Berab, Sirilio left Safed and moved to Jerusalem. There he disseminated Torah amongst his protégés who came to learn in the college, and, there, raised-up many disciples. His acclaim and renown came on account of a commentary that he wrote on the "Jerusalem Talmud", covering the Order known as "Zeraim" and the treatise "Sheḳalim". His commentary was one of the first to be made on the "Jerusalem Talmud", although it remained in manuscript form until 1875, when it was first printed in Mayence by Meir Lehmann. As late as 1950, only three Talmudic tractates with Sirilio's commentary had been published: "Berakhot" (Mainz, 1875); "Terumot" (Jerusalem, 1934); "Shevi'it" (Jerusalem, 1935), although handwritten copies were made from the original manuscript, as shown by David Solomon Sassoon.	Solomon Sirilio was a child during the expulsion of Jews from Spain, and wandered with his parents until they eventually reached Salonika, in Greece, where they settled. He studied Christian legal law and ethics in the city’s chief seats of learning, until, at length, he began to instruct others in the laws of his countrymen, the Mosaic law, both, in his city and in Adrianople. In 1532, he immigrated to Ottoman Galilee where he settled in Safed. In Safed, he held a discussion with Rabbi Jacob Berab over a decision concerning meat. Because of a dispute between himself and Rabbi Jacob Berab, Sirilio left Safed and moved to Jerusalem. There he disseminated Torah amongst his protégés who came to learn in the college, and, there, raised-up many disciples. His acclaim and renown came on account of a commentary that he wrote on the "Jerusalem Talmud", covering the Order known as "Zeraim" and the treatise "Sheḳalim". His commentary was one of the first to be made on the "Jerusalem Talmud", although it remained in manuscript form until 1875, when it was first printed in Mayence by Meir Lehmann. As late as 1950, only three Talmudic tractates with Sirilio's commentary had been published: "Berakhot" (Mainz, 1875); "Terumot" (Jerusalem, 1934); "Shevi'it" (Jerusalem, 1935), although handwritten copies were made from the original manuscript, as shown by David Solomon Sassoon.	Solomon Sirilio was a child during the expulsion of Jews from Spain, and wandered with his parents until they eventually reached Salonika, in Greece, where they settled. He studied [MASK] legal law and ethics in the city’s chief seats of learning, until, at length, he began to instruct others in the laws of his countrymen, the Mosaic law, both, in his city and in Adrianople. In 1532, he immigrated to Ottoman Galilee where he settled in Safed. In Safed, he held a discussion with Rabbi Jacob Berab over a decision concerning meat. Because of a dispute between himself and Rabbi Jacob Berab, Sirilio left Safed and moved to Jerusalem. There he disseminated Torah amongst his protégés who came to learn in the college, and, there, raised-up many disciples. His acclaim and renown came on account of a commentary that he wrote on the "Jerusalem Talmud", covering the Order known as "Zeraim" and the treatise "Sheḳalim". His commentary was one of the first to be made on the "Jerusalem Talmud", although it remained in manuscript form until 1875, when it was first printed in Mayence by Meir Lehmann. As late as 1950, only three Talmudic tractates with Sirilio's commentary had been published: "Berakhot" (Mainz, 1875); "Terumot" (Jerusalem, 1934); "Shevi'it" (Jerusalem, 1935), although handwritten copies were made from the original manuscript, as shown by David Solomon Sassoon.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
He was a resident of Florence. In 1884 at the Exposition of Turin, he displayed: "Ore calde"; in 1887 at Venice: a painting on porcelain; in 1886 at Florence: "Avanzi di un' antica villa presso Lastra a Signa"; "Vendemmiatrice"; "Il porto di Rapallo"; "Prime note". Finally at the 1889 Exhibition of Florence: "Imitazione arazzo". In 1885 he painted: "I polli del l'augure". He also painted fresco murals at the church of the Consolata of Vigevano and the Palazzo Carignano of Turin. The Royal Academy of London has a portrait of John Addington Symonds, by Carlo Orsi.	He was a resident of Florence. In 1884 at the Exposition of Turin, he displayed: "Ore calde"; in 1887 at Venice: a painting on porcelain; in 1886 at Florence: "Avanzi di un' antica villa presso Lastra a Signa"; "Vendemmiatrice"; "Il porto di Rapallo"; "Prime note". Finally at the 1889 Exhibition of Florence: "Imitazione arazzo". In 1885 he painted: "I polli del l'augure". He also painted fresco murals at the synagogue of the Consolata of Vigevano and the Palazzo Carignano of Turin. The Royal Academy of London has a portrait of John Addington Symonds, by Carlo Orsi.	He was a resident of Florence. In 1884 at the Exposition of Turin, he displayed: "Ore calde"; in 1887 at Venice: a painting on porcelain; in 1886 at Florence: "Avanzi di un' antica villa presso Lastra a Signa"; "Vendemmiatrice"; "Il porto di Rapallo"; "Prime note". Finally at the 1889 Exhibition of Florence: "Imitazione arazzo". In 1885 he painted: "I polli del l'augure". He also painted fresco murals at the [MASK] of the Consolata of Vigevano and the Palazzo Carignano of Turin. The Royal Academy of London has a portrait of John Addington Symonds, by Carlo Orsi.	church	synagogue	christian	jewish
Goldsmith chaired the Los Angeles United Jewish Fund Campaign of 1965. He served as president of the Jewish Federation Council of Greater Los Angeles in 1969 and 1970. He also served as national chairman of the United Jewish Appeal from 1970 to 1974. Additionally, he served as Los Angeles Chairman and national Board member of the National Conference of Christians and Jews.	Goldsmith chaired the Los Angeles United Jewish Fund Campaign of 1965. He served as president of the Jewish Federation Council of Greater Los Angeles in 1969 and 1970. He also served as national chairman of the United Jewish Appeal from 1970 to 1974. Additionally, he served as Los Angeles Chairman and national Board member of the National Conference of Jews and Jews.	Goldsmith chaired the Los Angeles United Jewish Fund Campaign of 1965. He served as president of the Jewish Federation Council of Greater Los Angeles in 1969 and 1970. He also served as national chairman of the United Jewish Appeal from 1970 to 1974. Additionally, he served as Los Angeles Chairman and national Board member of the National Conference of [MASK] and Jews.	Christians	Jews	christian	jewish
However, school uniforms were officially abolished on 27 November 2012, when the Turkish Ministry of Education suddenly abolished the nationwide uniform requirement in schools (international/foreign schools are excluded) and lifted the headscarf ban for religious imam-hatip schools, prompting fierce criticism from opposition parties, unions and educators. Opponents claim that economic differences cause pedagogical traumas for children and that permitting headscarves harms secular education. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan defended the move, saying education in uniform has drawn complaints for many years. But students attending minority schools (Greeks, Jews and Armenians), which are also part of the Turkish Ministry of Education, have been excluded from this change, and are still required to wear school uniforms.	However, school uniforms were officially abolished on 27 November 2012, when the Turkish Ministry of Education suddenly abolished the nationwide uniform requirement in schools (international/foreign schools are excluded) and lifted the headscarf ban for religious imam-hatip schools, prompting fierce criticism from opposition parties, unions and educators. Opponents claim that economic differences cause pedagogical traumas for children and that permitting headscarves harms secular education. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan defended the move, saying education in uniform has drawn complaints for many years. But students attending minority schools (Greeks, Christians and Armenians), which are also part of the Turkish Ministry of Education, have been excluded from this change, and are still required to wear school uniforms.	However, school uniforms were officially abolished on 27 November 2012, when the Turkish Ministry of Education suddenly abolished the nationwide uniform requirement in schools (international/foreign schools are excluded) and lifted the headscarf ban for religious imam-hatip schools, prompting fierce criticism from opposition parties, unions and educators. Opponents claim that economic differences cause pedagogical traumas for children and that permitting headscarves harms secular education. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan defended the move, saying education in uniform has drawn complaints for many years. But students attending minority schools (Greeks, [MASK] and Armenians), which are also part of the Turkish Ministry of Education, have been excluded from this change, and are still required to wear school uniforms.	Jews	Christians	jewish	christian
In 1932, at the height of the Fifth Aliyah (1929-1939), Moshe Mano's father, Mordechai Mano, emigrated with his parents from Thessaloniki, Greece to what is now Israel, along with other Greek workers who contributed to the construction of the Port of Haifa. Abba Hushi, who was head of the Workers’ Council in Haifa at the time, traveled to Thessaloniki in order to persuade Jewish workers to make Aliyah. Among the 100 families that agreed to relocate were members of the Mano family including Mordechai, who was only 12 years old at the time. This relocation allowed the families to escape the Holocaust, during which the Jews in Thessaloniki were persecuted and killed.	In 1932, at the height of the Fifth Aliyah (1929-1939), Moshe Mano's father, Mordechai Mano, emigrated with his parents from Thessaloniki, Greece to what is now Israel, along with other Greek workers who contributed to the construction of the Port of Haifa. Abba Hushi, who was head of the Workers’ Council in Haifa at the time, traveled to Thessaloniki in order to persuade Christian workers to make Aliyah. Among the 100 families that agreed to relocate were members of the Mano family including Mordechai, who was only 12 years old at the time. This relocation allowed the families to escape the Holocaust, during which the Jews in Thessaloniki were persecuted and killed.	In 1932, at the height of the Fifth Aliyah (1929-1939), Moshe Mano's father, Mordechai Mano, emigrated with his parents from Thessaloniki, Greece to what is now Israel, along with other Greek workers who contributed to the construction of the Port of Haifa. Abba Hushi, who was head of the Workers’ Council in Haifa at the time, traveled to Thessaloniki in order to persuade [MASK] workers to make Aliyah. Among the 100 families that agreed to relocate were members of the Mano family including Mordechai, who was only 12 years old at the time. This relocation allowed the families to escape the Holocaust, during which the Jews in Thessaloniki were persecuted and killed.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
Sinyavsky became one of the leading literary critics of the "Novy Mir" magazine, at the time headed by Aleksandr Tvardovsky. In the early 1960s, "Novy Mir" was considered the most liberal legal publications in the Soviet Union and began leaning towards a dissident position. In November 1962, "Novy Mir" became famous for publishing Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's groundbreaking "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich", a novella about a prisoner of the Gulag. Sinyavsky, a protégé of Boris Pasternak, described the realities of Soviet life in short fiction stories which were often critical in nature. Sinyavsky published his novels in the West under the pseudonym Abram Tertz, derived from the name of a historical Russian Jewish gangster although Sinyavsky himself was not Jewish. Sinyavsky's works were naturally rejected for publication by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during a time of extreme censorship in the Soviet Union.	Sinyavsky became one of the leading literary critics of the "Novy Mir" magazine, at the time headed by Aleksandr Tvardovsky. In the early 1960s, "Novy Mir" was considered the most liberal legal publications in the Soviet Union and began leaning towards a dissident position. In November 1962, "Novy Mir" became famous for publishing Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's groundbreaking "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich", a novella about a prisoner of the Gulag. Sinyavsky, a protégé of Boris Pasternak, described the realities of Soviet life in short fiction stories which were often critical in nature. Sinyavsky published his novels in the West under the pseudonym Abram Tertz, derived from the name of a historical Russian Christian gangster although Sinyavsky himself was not Jewish. Sinyavsky's works were naturally rejected for publication by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during a time of extreme censorship in the Soviet Union.	Sinyavsky became one of the leading literary critics of the "Novy Mir" magazine, at the time headed by Aleksandr Tvardovsky. In the early 1960s, "Novy Mir" was considered the most liberal legal publications in the Soviet Union and began leaning towards a dissident position. In November 1962, "Novy Mir" became famous for publishing Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's groundbreaking "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich", a novella about a prisoner of the Gulag. Sinyavsky, a protégé of Boris Pasternak, described the realities of Soviet life in short fiction stories which were often critical in nature. Sinyavsky published his novels in the West under the pseudonym Abram Tertz, derived from the name of a historical Russian [MASK] gangster although Sinyavsky himself was not Jewish. Sinyavsky's works were naturally rejected for publication by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during a time of extreme censorship in the Soviet Union.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
The oath of loyalty created a massive schism within the clergy. Many lower clergy had supported revolutionary calls for reform, even reform within the Church, but this was beyond the pale. Thousands of priests, monks, and nuns now had to choose between refusing the oath and risking arrest and punishment, or taking the oath and risking their salvation. On 13 April 1791, the Pope forced the issue by issuing the papal encyclical "Charitas", officially condemning the Revolution's actions towards the Church and leveling excommunication upon any clergy who took the oath.	The oath of loyalty created a massive schism within the clergy. Many lower clergy had supported revolutionary calls for reform, even reform within the Church, but this was beyond the pale. Thousands of priests, monks, and nuns now had to choose between refusing the oath and risking arrest and punishment, or taking the oath and risking their salvation. On 13 April 1791, the Pope forced the issue by issuing the papal encyclical "Charitas", officially condemning the Revolution's actions towards the Synagogue and leveling excommunication upon any clergy who took the oath.	The oath of loyalty created a massive schism within the clergy. Many lower clergy had supported revolutionary calls for reform, even reform within the Church, but this was beyond the pale. Thousands of priests, monks, and nuns now had to choose between refusing the oath and risking arrest and punishment, or taking the oath and risking their salvation. On 13 April 1791, the Pope forced the issue by issuing the papal encyclical "Charitas", officially condemning the Revolution's actions towards the [MASK] and leveling excommunication upon any clergy who took the oath.	Church	Synagogue	christian	jewish
As Christians have obtained the "power" and "promise" for their resources, Peter urges that they "make every effort" (verse 5) to achieve the goal, that is "to grow to be like Jesus", following the steps towards it (verses 5–7):	As Jews have obtained the "power" and "promise" for their resources, Peter urges that they "make every effort" (verse 5) to achieve the goal, that is "to grow to be like Jesus", following the steps towards it (verses 5–7):	As [MASK] have obtained the "power" and "promise" for their resources, Peter urges that they "make every effort" (verse 5) to achieve the goal, that is "to grow to be like Jesus", following the steps towards it (verses 5–7):	Christians	Jews	christian	jewish
Malz won athletics medals from at least 1921 and was boxing in Berlin from at least 1924. He was a member of the Jewish Maccabi team and also of the Teutonia club and was often caricatured in boxing journals. Among other awards, he won the "" in 1924, the BBV "meisterschaft" in 1930 and was the "makkabimeisterschaft" champion for 1934.	Malz won athletics medals from at least 1921 and was boxing in Berlin from at least 1924. He was a member of the Christian Maccabi team and also of the Teutonia club and was often caricatured in boxing journals. Among other awards, he won the "" in 1924, the BBV "meisterschaft" in 1930 and was the "makkabimeisterschaft" champion for 1934.	Malz won athletics medals from at least 1921 and was boxing in Berlin from at least 1924. He was a member of the [MASK] Maccabi team and also of the Teutonia club and was often caricatured in boxing journals. Among other awards, he won the "" in 1924, the BBV "meisterschaft" in 1930 and was the "makkabimeisterschaft" champion for 1934.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
When a company responsible for placing ads on Jerusalem buses refused to run a campaign poster with her picture on it because ultra-Orthodox Jews object to posting women's pictures in public places, Azaria petitioned the court to force the buses to carry her ads. She has been engaged in the campaign to fight various types of exclusion, such as banning women from singing in public, separating women from men on city sidewalks, forcing women to sit at the back of the bus and the elimination of pictures of women in advertising. In a panel at the Brookings Institution, Azaria stated the efforts to promote women's rights has served as a bridge between Orthodox Jewish women and Israeli Arab women who grapple with similar issues and have begun to push for a voice in their communities.	When a company responsible for placing ads on Jerusalem buses refused to run a campaign poster with her picture on it because ultra-Orthodox Christians object to posting women's pictures in public places, Azaria petitioned the court to force the buses to carry her ads. She has been engaged in the campaign to fight various types of exclusion, such as banning women from singing in public, separating women from men on city sidewalks, forcing women to sit at the back of the bus and the elimination of pictures of women in advertising. In a panel at the Brookings Institution, Azaria stated the efforts to promote women's rights has served as a bridge between Orthodox Jewish women and Israeli Arab women who grapple with similar issues and have begun to push for a voice in their communities.	When a company responsible for placing ads on Jerusalem buses refused to run a campaign poster with her picture on it because ultra-Orthodox [MASK] object to posting women's pictures in public places, Azaria petitioned the court to force the buses to carry her ads. She has been engaged in the campaign to fight various types of exclusion, such as banning women from singing in public, separating women from men on city sidewalks, forcing women to sit at the back of the bus and the elimination of pictures of women in advertising. In a panel at the Brookings Institution, Azaria stated the efforts to promote women's rights has served as a bridge between Orthodox Jewish women and Israeli Arab women who grapple with similar issues and have begun to push for a voice in their communities.	Jews	Christians	jewish	christian
At 2 Maccabees 4:12, it is said that the Maccabees slaughtered Jewish youths guilty of Hellenizing in wearing caps typical of Greek youths.	At 2 Maccabees 4:12, it is said that the Maccabees slaughtered Christian youths guilty of Hellenizing in wearing caps typical of Greek youths.	At 2 Maccabees 4:12, it is said that the Maccabees slaughtered [MASK] youths guilty of Hellenizing in wearing caps typical of Greek youths.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
He was buried at Chelsea Old Church (All Saints), London.	He was buried at Chelsea Old Synagogue (All Saints), London.	He was buried at Chelsea Old [MASK] (All Saints), London.	Church	Synagogue	christian	jewish
In 1882, Waldersee was chosen by Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke the Elder as his principal assistant on the General Staff at Berlin with the rank of "Generalquartiermeister". With this appointment, Waldersee was already seen as the likely successor of the octogenarian field marshal. On several occasions Waldersee accompanied Prince Wilhelm, the future Kaiser Wilhelm II, on trips abroad to represent the prince's grandfather, Kaiser Wilhelm I. Out of these trips grew a tenuous teacher-student relationship, but Waldersee was seen by Wilhelm's liberal parents Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm and Victoria, Princess Royal as "anti-Semitic, narrowly zealous in religion, and reactionary... the quartermaster general was the personification of everything Wilhelm's parents most detested." The British historian John C. G. Röhl wrote that Waldersee "...seems to have suffered from some form of paranoid megalomania" as Waldersee believed in a vast Jewish world conspiracy in which the "entirety" of Jews around the world were working for the destruction of the "Reich".	In 1882, Waldersee was chosen by Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke the Elder as his principal assistant on the General Staff at Berlin with the rank of "Generalquartiermeister". With this appointment, Waldersee was already seen as the likely successor of the octogenarian field marshal. On several occasions Waldersee accompanied Prince Wilhelm, the future Kaiser Wilhelm II, on trips abroad to represent the prince's grandfather, Kaiser Wilhelm I. Out of these trips grew a tenuous teacher-student relationship, but Waldersee was seen by Wilhelm's liberal parents Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm and Victoria, Princess Royal as "anti-Semitic, narrowly zealous in religion, and reactionary... the quartermaster general was the personification of everything Wilhelm's parents most detested." The British historian John C. G. Röhl wrote that Waldersee "...seems to have suffered from some form of paranoid megalomania" as Waldersee believed in a vast Christian world conspiracy in which the "entirety" of Jews around the world were working for the destruction of the "Reich".	In 1882, Waldersee was chosen by Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke the Elder as his principal assistant on the General Staff at Berlin with the rank of "Generalquartiermeister". With this appointment, Waldersee was already seen as the likely successor of the octogenarian field marshal. On several occasions Waldersee accompanied Prince Wilhelm, the future Kaiser Wilhelm II, on trips abroad to represent the prince's grandfather, Kaiser Wilhelm I. Out of these trips grew a tenuous teacher-student relationship, but Waldersee was seen by Wilhelm's liberal parents Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm and Victoria, Princess Royal as "anti-Semitic, narrowly zealous in religion, and reactionary... the quartermaster general was the personification of everything Wilhelm's parents most detested." The British historian John C. G. Röhl wrote that Waldersee "...seems to have suffered from some form of paranoid megalomania" as Waldersee believed in a vast [MASK] world conspiracy in which the "entirety" of Jews around the world were working for the destruction of the "Reich".	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
Charles Browne Hardwicke married Elizabeth Chapman (Harris) at Church of St. John, Launceston on 18 January 1820. They had fourteen children[2]. Elizabeth Chapman (Harris) was the eldest daughter of Sarah Chapman who was a convict who arrived in Australia on the convict ship The Nile in 1801 and John Harris (Australian settler) and military surgeon.	Charles Browne Hardwicke married Elizabeth Chapman (Harris) at Synagogue of St. John, Launceston on 18 January 1820. They had fourteen children[2]. Elizabeth Chapman (Harris) was the eldest daughter of Sarah Chapman who was a convict who arrived in Australia on the convict ship The Nile in 1801 and John Harris (Australian settler) and military surgeon.	Charles Browne Hardwicke married Elizabeth Chapman (Harris) at [MASK] of St. John, Launceston on 18 January 1820. They had fourteen children[2]. Elizabeth Chapman (Harris) was the eldest daughter of Sarah Chapman who was a convict who arrived in Australia on the convict ship The Nile in 1801 and John Harris (Australian settler) and military surgeon.	Church	Synagogue	christian	jewish
Shaarey Tphiloh is currently under the rabbinic leadership of Aaron Shub, who is also the director of Jewish life and learning at Levey Day School.	Shaarey Tphiloh is currently under the rabbinic leadership of Aaron Shub, who is also the director of Christian life and learning at Levey Day School.	Shaarey Tphiloh is currently under the rabbinic leadership of Aaron Shub, who is also the director of [MASK] life and learning at Levey Day School.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
In 1903, 60,000 Jews of Palestine had just held elections for the first national democratic assembly, the grandfather of the present Knesset (Israel's parliament). It was called the Knessiah Rishonah (1st assembly). This gathering was special as a first grass-roots attempt to set up the structures of Jewish self-government. Zionist leader Dr. Menahem Ussishkin used the occasion to deliver a keynote address in which he expressed the urgency for an institution of higher education in Palestine. The convention supported a resolution for the establishment of a polytechnical institute in Palestine and the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (at least on paper) was born.	In 1903, 60,000 Jews of Palestine had just held elections for the first national democratic assembly, the grandfather of the present Knesset (Israel's parliament). It was called the Knessiah Rishonah (1st assembly). This gathering was special as a first grass-roots attempt to set up the structures of Christian self-government. Zionist leader Dr. Menahem Ussishkin used the occasion to deliver a keynote address in which he expressed the urgency for an institution of higher education in Palestine. The convention supported a resolution for the establishment of a polytechnical institute in Palestine and the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (at least on paper) was born.	In 1903, 60,000 Jews of Palestine had just held elections for the first national democratic assembly, the grandfather of the present Knesset (Israel's parliament). It was called the Knessiah Rishonah (1st assembly). This gathering was special as a first grass-roots attempt to set up the structures of [MASK] self-government. Zionist leader Dr. Menahem Ussishkin used the occasion to deliver a keynote address in which he expressed the urgency for an institution of higher education in Palestine. The convention supported a resolution for the establishment of a polytechnical institute in Palestine and the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (at least on paper) was born.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
Sant'Agostino is a Baroque style, Roman Catholic church located on Via Umberto I #29, facing Piazza Lorenzo Valerio, in Matelica, Province of Macerata, region of Marche, Italy.	Sant'Agostino is a Baroque style, Roman Catholic synagogue located on Via Umberto I #29, facing Piazza Lorenzo Valerio, in Matelica, Province of Macerata, region of Marche, Italy.	Sant'Agostino is a Baroque style, Roman Catholic [MASK] located on Via Umberto I #29, facing Piazza Lorenzo Valerio, in Matelica, Province of Macerata, region of Marche, Italy.	church	synagogue	christian	jewish
In 1912, he attended the White’s Bible School and the Post Graduate Hospital, in New York City, to prepare for his pastoral missionary work and to acquire knowledge of tropical medicine. He would further his studies into tropical medicine in 1913 at the London School of Tropical Medicine.	In 1912, he attended the White’s Torah School and the Post Graduate Hospital, in New York City, to prepare for his pastoral missionary work and to acquire knowledge of tropical medicine. He would further his studies into tropical medicine in 1913 at the London School of Tropical Medicine.	In 1912, he attended the White’s [MASK] School and the Post Graduate Hospital, in New York City, to prepare for his pastoral missionary work and to acquire knowledge of tropical medicine. He would further his studies into tropical medicine in 1913 at the London School of Tropical Medicine.	Bible	Torah	christian	jewish
This 'heroic tradition' of conquering incomers is consistent with the conviction of Bede, and later Anglo-Saxon historians, that the ancestral origin of the English was not the result of any assimilation with the native British, but was derived solely from the Germanic migrants of the post-Roman period. It also explains the enduring appeal of poems and heroic stories such as Beowulf, Wulf and Eadwacer and Judith, well into the Christian period. The success of the language is the most obvious result of the settlement period. This language was not just the language of acculturation, but through its stories, poetry and oral traditions became the agency of change.	This 'heroic tradition' of conquering incomers is consistent with the conviction of Bede, and later Anglo-Saxon historians, that the ancestral origin of the English was not the result of any assimilation with the native British, but was derived solely from the Germanic migrants of the post-Roman period. It also explains the enduring appeal of poems and heroic stories such as Beowulf, Wulf and Eadwacer and Judith, well into the Jewish period. The success of the language is the most obvious result of the settlement period. This language was not just the language of acculturation, but through its stories, poetry and oral traditions became the agency of change.	This 'heroic tradition' of conquering incomers is consistent with the conviction of Bede, and later Anglo-Saxon historians, that the ancestral origin of the English was not the result of any assimilation with the native British, but was derived solely from the Germanic migrants of the post-Roman period. It also explains the enduring appeal of poems and heroic stories such as Beowulf, Wulf and Eadwacer and Judith, well into the [MASK] period. The success of the language is the most obvious result of the settlement period. This language was not just the language of acculturation, but through its stories, poetry and oral traditions became the agency of change.	Christian	Jewish	christian	jewish
Founded as Mary Holmes Seminary in Jackson, Mississippi, the college began as the brainchild of Reverend Mead Holmes (1819-1906), a Presbyterian missionary, and his daughter, Mary Emilie Holmes (1850-1906). They wanted to start a "literary and industrial school" for young black women in honor of Rev. Holmes's late wife, Mary D. Holmes. The Holmeses' vision was realized in 1892 under the auspices of the Board of Missions for Freedmen of the Presbyterian Church, which funded and oversaw the school through its early years. The initial goal was to train young black women to become homemakers as well as leaders in the community and the Presbyterian Church. The early faculty and staff were white, and the students they taught ranged in educational level from primary school to high school. The early curriculum was focused around three areas—"Literary, Music and Industrial"—and included courses in literature, grammar, history, science, math, music, Bible studies, and practical domestic arts such as cooking and sewing. The school opened with 90 girls recruited not just locally but from throughout the state.	Founded as Mary Holmes Seminary in Jackson, Mississippi, the college began as the brainchild of Reverend Mead Holmes (1819-1906), a Presbyterian missionary, and his daughter, Mary Emilie Holmes (1850-1906). They wanted to start a "literary and industrial school" for young black women in honor of Rev. Holmes's late wife, Mary D. Holmes. The Holmeses' vision was realized in 1892 under the auspices of the Board of Missions for Freedmen of the Presbyterian Church, which funded and oversaw the school through its early years. The initial goal was to train young black women to become homemakers as well as leaders in the community and the Presbyterian Church. The early faculty and staff were white, and the students they taught ranged in educational level from primary school to high school. The early curriculum was focused around three areas—"Literary, Music and Industrial"—and included courses in literature, grammar, history, science, math, music, Torah studies, and practical domestic arts such as cooking and sewing. The school opened with 90 girls recruited not just locally but from throughout the state.	Founded as Mary Holmes Seminary in Jackson, Mississippi, the college began as the brainchild of Reverend Mead Holmes (1819-1906), a Presbyterian missionary, and his daughter, Mary Emilie Holmes (1850-1906). They wanted to start a "literary and industrial school" for young black women in honor of Rev. Holmes's late wife, Mary D. Holmes. The Holmeses' vision was realized in 1892 under the auspices of the Board of Missions for Freedmen of the Presbyterian Church, which funded and oversaw the school through its early years. The initial goal was to train young black women to become homemakers as well as leaders in the community and the Presbyterian Church. The early faculty and staff were white, and the students they taught ranged in educational level from primary school to high school. The early curriculum was focused around three areas—"Literary, Music and Industrial"—and included courses in literature, grammar, history, science, math, music, [MASK] studies, and practical domestic arts such as cooking and sewing. The school opened with 90 girls recruited not just locally but from throughout the state.	Bible	Torah	christian	jewish
At first services were held in temporary accommodation but a synagogue was consecrated at 2 New Street in March 1943 by the Chief Rabbi of Britain. The opening ceremony was performed by Mr Isaac Wolfson, a well known and successful businessman who lived in Worcester at the time.	At first services were held in temporary accommodation but a church was consecrated at 2 New Street in March 1943 by the Chief Rabbi of Britain. The opening ceremony was performed by Mr Isaac Wolfson, a well known and successful businessman who lived in Worcester at the time.	At first services were held in temporary accommodation but a [MASK] was consecrated at 2 New Street in March 1943 by the Chief Rabbi of Britain. The opening ceremony was performed by Mr Isaac Wolfson, a well known and successful businessman who lived in Worcester at the time.	synagogue	church	jewish	christian
From 1646 to 1662 Hanmer was lecturer in the church at Barnstaple. He gained a reputation as a preacher, but declined an invitation to preach before the archdeacon in 1635. In 1646, when Martin Blake, vicar of Barnstaple, was temporarily suspended, a petition was signed by the mayor and other residents of the town to the Devonshire committee of commissioners for the approbation of public preachers, requesting the appointment in Blake's absence of "Mr. Hughes or Mr. Hanmer." Blake's wife was Hanmer's cousin, and he took on some preaching duties in Barnstaple.	From 1646 to 1662 Hanmer was lecturer in the synagogue at Barnstaple. He gained a reputation as a preacher, but declined an invitation to preach before the archdeacon in 1635. In 1646, when Martin Blake, vicar of Barnstaple, was temporarily suspended, a petition was signed by the mayor and other residents of the town to the Devonshire committee of commissioners for the approbation of public preachers, requesting the appointment in Blake's absence of "Mr. Hughes or Mr. Hanmer." Blake's wife was Hanmer's cousin, and he took on some preaching duties in Barnstaple.	From 1646 to 1662 Hanmer was lecturer in the [MASK] at Barnstaple. He gained a reputation as a preacher, but declined an invitation to preach before the archdeacon in 1635. In 1646, when Martin Blake, vicar of Barnstaple, was temporarily suspended, a petition was signed by the mayor and other residents of the town to the Devonshire committee of commissioners for the approbation of public preachers, requesting the appointment in Blake's absence of "Mr. Hughes or Mr. Hanmer." Blake's wife was Hanmer's cousin, and he took on some preaching duties in Barnstaple.	church	synagogue	christian	jewish
In the 1650s, Menasseh Ben Israel, a rabbi and leader of the Dutch Jewish community, approached Oliver Cromwell with the proposition that Jews should at long-last be readmitted to England. Cromwell agreed, and although he could not compel a council called for the purpose in December 1655 to consent formally to readmission, he made it clear that the ban on Jews would no longer be enforced. In the years 1655–56, the controversy over the readmission of Jews was fought out in a pamphlet war. The issue divided religious radicals and more conservative elements within society. The Puritan William Prynne was vehemently opposed to permitting Jews to return, the Quaker Margaret Fell no less passionately in favour, like John Wemyss, a minister of the Church of Scotland. In the end, Jews were readmitted in 1655, and, by 1690, about 400 Jews had settled in England. Emblematic of the progress in the social status of Jews was the knighting by William III of England in 1700 of Solomon de Medina, the first Jew to be so honoured.	In the 1650s, Menasseh Ben Israel, a rabbi and leader of the Dutch Jewish community, approached Oliver Cromwell with the proposition that Jews should at long-last be readmitted to England. Cromwell agreed, and although he could not compel a council called for the purpose in December 1655 to consent formally to readmission, he made it clear that the ban on Jews would no longer be enforced. In the years 1655–56, the controversy over the readmission of Jews was fought out in a pamphlet war. The issue divided religious radicals and more conservative elements within society. The Puritan William Prynne was vehemently opposed to permitting Jews to return, the Quaker Margaret Fell no less passionately in favour, like John Wemyss, a minister of the Synagogue of Scotland. In the end, Jews were readmitted in 1655, and, by 1690, about 400 Jews had settled in England. Emblematic of the progress in the social status of Jews was the knighting by William III of England in 1700 of Solomon de Medina, the first Jew to be so honoured.	In the 1650s, Menasseh Ben Israel, a rabbi and leader of the Dutch Jewish community, approached Oliver Cromwell with the proposition that Jews should at long-last be readmitted to England. Cromwell agreed, and although he could not compel a council called for the purpose in December 1655 to consent formally to readmission, he made it clear that the ban on Jews would no longer be enforced. In the years 1655–56, the controversy over the readmission of Jews was fought out in a pamphlet war. The issue divided religious radicals and more conservative elements within society. The Puritan William Prynne was vehemently opposed to permitting Jews to return, the Quaker Margaret Fell no less passionately in favour, like John Wemyss, a minister of the [MASK] of Scotland. In the end, Jews were readmitted in 1655, and, by 1690, about 400 Jews had settled in England. Emblematic of the progress in the social status of Jews was the knighting by William III of England in 1700 of Solomon de Medina, the first Jew to be so honoured.	Church	Synagogue	christian	jewish
Hakim was born to a Jewish family in Iran and then immigrated to the United States. He founded the Hakim Organization in 1978. He is press shy and typically avoids the limelight.	Hakim was born to a Christian family in Iran and then immigrated to the United States. He founded the Hakim Organization in 1978. He is press shy and typically avoids the limelight.	Hakim was born to a [MASK] family in Iran and then immigrated to the United States. He founded the Hakim Organization in 1978. He is press shy and typically avoids the limelight.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
On November 13, following Donald Trump's election to the presidency, Bannon was appointed chief strategist and senior counselor to the President-elect. His appointment drew opposition from the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), the Council on American–Islamic Relations, the Southern Poverty Law Center, Democratic Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid, and some Republican strategists because of statements in Breitbart News that were alleged to be racist or antisemitic. A number of prominent conservative Jews, however, defended Bannon against the allegations of anti-Semitism, including Ben Shapiro, David Horowitz, Pamela Geller, Bernard Marcus of the Republican Jewish Coalition, Morton Klein and the Zionist Organization of America, and Rabbi Shmuley Boteach.	On November 13, following Donald Trump's election to the presidency, Bannon was appointed chief strategist and senior counselor to the President-elect. His appointment drew opposition from the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), the Council on American–Islamic Relations, the Southern Poverty Law Center, Democratic Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid, and some Republican strategists because of statements in Breitbart News that were alleged to be racist or antisemitic. A number of prominent conservative Jews, however, defended Bannon against the allegations of anti-Semitism, including Ben Shapiro, David Horowitz, Pamela Geller, Bernard Marcus of the Republican Jewish Coalition, Morton Klein and the Zionist Organization of America, and Priest Shmuley Boteach.	On November 13, following Donald Trump's election to the presidency, Bannon was appointed chief strategist and senior counselor to the President-elect. His appointment drew opposition from the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), the Council on American–Islamic Relations, the Southern Poverty Law Center, Democratic Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid, and some Republican strategists because of statements in Breitbart News that were alleged to be racist or antisemitic. A number of prominent conservative Jews, however, defended Bannon against the allegations of anti-Semitism, including Ben Shapiro, David Horowitz, Pamela Geller, Bernard Marcus of the Republican Jewish Coalition, Morton Klein and the Zionist Organization of America, and [MASK] Shmuley Boteach.	Rabbi	Priest	jewish	christian
Barlow was the son of a Lancashire cotton manufacturer and Mayor of Bolton, James Barlow (1821–1887). The family were well known as philanthropists in their home village of Edgworth, Lancashire where they funded charities connected with the Methodist church including the Children's Home.	Barlow was the son of a Lancashire cotton manufacturer and Mayor of Bolton, James Barlow (1821–1887). The family were well known as philanthropists in their home village of Edgworth, Lancashire where they funded charities connected with the Methodist synagogue including the Children's Home.	Barlow was the son of a Lancashire cotton manufacturer and Mayor of Bolton, James Barlow (1821–1887). The family were well known as philanthropists in their home village of Edgworth, Lancashire where they funded charities connected with the Methodist [MASK] including the Children's Home.	church	synagogue	christian	jewish
Five figures are shown accompanying the body of Christ, three of whom place Christ into the tomb: holding Christ's body is Nicodemus, the Jewish elder that secretly visited Jesus at night to learn about his teachings., while the Virgin Mary with her distinctive blue robe is holding one of Christ's arms, and at his feet is Joseph of Arimathea. Nicodemus bears the traits of the artist himself. This could have been inspired by Michelangelo's idea in his unfinished "Deposition" from 1550, depicting himself as Nicodemus, supporting the body of Christ, displayed in the cathedral in Florence.	Five figures are shown accompanying the body of Christ, three of whom place Christ into the tomb: holding Christ's body is Nicodemus, the Christian elder that secretly visited Jesus at night to learn about his teachings., while the Virgin Mary with her distinctive blue robe is holding one of Christ's arms, and at his feet is Joseph of Arimathea. Nicodemus bears the traits of the artist himself. This could have been inspired by Michelangelo's idea in his unfinished "Deposition" from 1550, depicting himself as Nicodemus, supporting the body of Christ, displayed in the cathedral in Florence.	Five figures are shown accompanying the body of Christ, three of whom place Christ into the tomb: holding Christ's body is Nicodemus, the [MASK] elder that secretly visited Jesus at night to learn about his teachings., while the Virgin Mary with her distinctive blue robe is holding one of Christ's arms, and at his feet is Joseph of Arimathea. Nicodemus bears the traits of the artist himself. This could have been inspired by Michelangelo's idea in his unfinished "Deposition" from 1550, depicting himself as Nicodemus, supporting the body of Christ, displayed in the cathedral in Florence.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
He has also taught at Trinity College in Bristol, England, and from 1999 to 2000 he was Visiting Professor at Yale University. Lints is ordained in the Presbyterian Church in America. He is also a regular contributor to the "Modern Reformation" magazine, the Center for Gospel and Culture, and the Gospel Coalition.	He has also taught at Trinity College in Bristol, England, and from 1999 to 2000 he was Visiting Professor at Yale University. Lints is ordained in the Presbyterian Synagogue in America. He is also a regular contributor to the "Modern Reformation" magazine, the Center for Gospel and Culture, and the Gospel Coalition.	He has also taught at Trinity College in Bristol, England, and from 1999 to 2000 he was Visiting Professor at Yale University. Lints is ordained in the Presbyterian [MASK] in America. He is also a regular contributor to the "Modern Reformation" magazine, the Center for Gospel and Culture, and the Gospel Coalition.	Church	Synagogue	christian	jewish
The exhibition “Want of Matter” presented the group of “Tel Aviv Artists” as the center of contemporary Israel art. In addition to representing the Socialistic-Pioneering spirit, these artists represented the secular character of Tel Aviv, under the banner of “the aesthetic, non-materialistic aspect of the Jewish tradition.” The group strengthened its sense of its own identity by forming a network of personal and professional connections among themselves. In the article, “About Raffi: Color patch, Crown. Catchup, Love” (1999), Yair Garbuz, Lavie's student, presented his teacher in terms of his originality. “It’s not that we suddenly became the center of art… we’ve remained the provinces [...] In a certainly respect, Raffi painted and taught like a pioneer. In order for something to flourish here, it had to be carefully disguised. You couldn’t just say that maybe modernism was developing.” The period before the existence of “Want of Matter” was perceived by this group of artists as a mixture of immature explorations of abstract modernism with overtones of the romantic aesthetic, overtones which Lavie and his followers viewed as a danger capable of reducing art to something lacking in the characteristics and criteria of aesthetic judgment.	The exhibition “Want of Matter” presented the group of “Tel Aviv Artists” as the center of contemporary Israel art. In addition to representing the Socialistic-Pioneering spirit, these artists represented the secular character of Tel Aviv, under the banner of “the aesthetic, non-materialistic aspect of the Christian tradition.” The group strengthened its sense of its own identity by forming a network of personal and professional connections among themselves. In the article, “About Raffi: Color patch, Crown. Catchup, Love” (1999), Yair Garbuz, Lavie's student, presented his teacher in terms of his originality. “It’s not that we suddenly became the center of art… we’ve remained the provinces [...] In a certainly respect, Raffi painted and taught like a pioneer. In order for something to flourish here, it had to be carefully disguised. You couldn’t just say that maybe modernism was developing.” The period before the existence of “Want of Matter” was perceived by this group of artists as a mixture of immature explorations of abstract modernism with overtones of the romantic aesthetic, overtones which Lavie and his followers viewed as a danger capable of reducing art to something lacking in the characteristics and criteria of aesthetic judgment.	The exhibition “Want of Matter” presented the group of “Tel Aviv Artists” as the center of contemporary Israel art. In addition to representing the Socialistic-Pioneering spirit, these artists represented the secular character of Tel Aviv, under the banner of “the aesthetic, non-materialistic aspect of the [MASK] tradition.” The group strengthened its sense of its own identity by forming a network of personal and professional connections among themselves. In the article, “About Raffi: Color patch, Crown. Catchup, Love” (1999), Yair Garbuz, Lavie's student, presented his teacher in terms of his originality. “It’s not that we suddenly became the center of art… we’ve remained the provinces [...] In a certainly respect, Raffi painted and taught like a pioneer. In order for something to flourish here, it had to be carefully disguised. You couldn’t just say that maybe modernism was developing.” The period before the existence of “Want of Matter” was perceived by this group of artists as a mixture of immature explorations of abstract modernism with overtones of the romantic aesthetic, overtones which Lavie and his followers viewed as a danger capable of reducing art to something lacking in the characteristics and criteria of aesthetic judgment.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
Weisse based "Christus ist erstanden" upon an earlier hymn of the same name which was studied by Martin Luther. The hymn was based on a Latin sequence from 1100 called "Victimae paschali laudes" and was initially a Bohemian language hymn of the Church of Bohemia. The hymn was first published in print in 1531 by Weisse in his German language "Ein Neugesängbuchlein" hymnal in the Kingdom of Bohemia after translating it from Bohemian. In 1858, Winkworth translated "Christus ist erstanden" into English, initially giving it the English title of "Song of Triumph". She first published "Christ the Lord Is Risen Again" into her "Lyra Germanica", attributing the hymn to the "Bohemian Brethren". Winkworth's approach in translating the hymn was to try and recreate the verses rather than making a direct translation of them due to German fusional language meaning that some words in the original had to be removed in translation as they did not fit into the English translation. The hymn is often used as a hymn for Easter Sunday which commemorates the Resurrection of Jesus.	Weisse based "Christus ist erstanden" upon an earlier hymn of the same name which was studied by Martin Luther. The hymn was based on a Latin sequence from 1100 called "Victimae paschali laudes" and was initially a Bohemian language hymn of the Synagogue of Bohemia. The hymn was first published in print in 1531 by Weisse in his German language "Ein Neugesängbuchlein" hymnal in the Kingdom of Bohemia after translating it from Bohemian. In 1858, Winkworth translated "Christus ist erstanden" into English, initially giving it the English title of "Song of Triumph". She first published "Christ the Lord Is Risen Again" into her "Lyra Germanica", attributing the hymn to the "Bohemian Brethren". Winkworth's approach in translating the hymn was to try and recreate the verses rather than making a direct translation of them due to German fusional language meaning that some words in the original had to be removed in translation as they did not fit into the English translation. The hymn is often used as a hymn for Easter Sunday which commemorates the Resurrection of Jesus.	Weisse based "Christus ist erstanden" upon an earlier hymn of the same name which was studied by Martin Luther. The hymn was based on a Latin sequence from 1100 called "Victimae paschali laudes" and was initially a Bohemian language hymn of the [MASK] of Bohemia. The hymn was first published in print in 1531 by Weisse in his German language "Ein Neugesängbuchlein" hymnal in the Kingdom of Bohemia after translating it from Bohemian. In 1858, Winkworth translated "Christus ist erstanden" into English, initially giving it the English title of "Song of Triumph". She first published "Christ the Lord Is Risen Again" into her "Lyra Germanica", attributing the hymn to the "Bohemian Brethren". Winkworth's approach in translating the hymn was to try and recreate the verses rather than making a direct translation of them due to German fusional language meaning that some words in the original had to be removed in translation as they did not fit into the English translation. The hymn is often used as a hymn for Easter Sunday which commemorates the Resurrection of Jesus.	Church	Synagogue	christian	jewish
During the Christian Reconquista, the primitive frontier of the County of Portugal with the Kingdom of León extended along the left bank of the Sabor River, to its confluence with the Angueira River. This link was watched by various sentinel outposts: the Castle of Milhão, the Castle of Santulhão (both today long disappeared), the Castle of Outeiro de Miranda (in ruins) and in the eastern edge, the Castle of Algoso. The remainder of the principal defense occurred in the northwest, across the protector of the Castles of Penas Róias, Mogadouro and Bragança. Sometime during the 12th century, D. Mendo Rufino (or Bofino), master of the lands of "Ulgoso" by donation of D. Afonso Henriques, ordered the construction of a fortress, in order to watch and guard the frontier with the Kingdom of León. From information during the 1258 Inquirições, Mendo Rufino (who was one of the supporters of Afonso Henriques against D. Teresa) constructed the castle in exchange for the village of Vimioso. During this period of uncertainty that is the transition between Afonso Henriques reign as first Portuguese monarch, and the exercise of regal power by Sancho I, the castle became an important link with loyal nobility, which had ties to the corte of León, but harboured loyalties with the Portuguese. As the "head" of the Terra da Miranda, Algoso was an important fortress; a "nuclear point of support with the regal authority" in this peripheric region.	During the Jewish Reconquista, the primitive frontier of the County of Portugal with the Kingdom of León extended along the left bank of the Sabor River, to its confluence with the Angueira River. This link was watched by various sentinel outposts: the Castle of Milhão, the Castle of Santulhão (both today long disappeared), the Castle of Outeiro de Miranda (in ruins) and in the eastern edge, the Castle of Algoso. The remainder of the principal defense occurred in the northwest, across the protector of the Castles of Penas Róias, Mogadouro and Bragança. Sometime during the 12th century, D. Mendo Rufino (or Bofino), master of the lands of "Ulgoso" by donation of D. Afonso Henriques, ordered the construction of a fortress, in order to watch and guard the frontier with the Kingdom of León. From information during the 1258 Inquirições, Mendo Rufino (who was one of the supporters of Afonso Henriques against D. Teresa) constructed the castle in exchange for the village of Vimioso. During this period of uncertainty that is the transition between Afonso Henriques reign as first Portuguese monarch, and the exercise of regal power by Sancho I, the castle became an important link with loyal nobility, which had ties to the corte of León, but harboured loyalties with the Portuguese. As the "head" of the Terra da Miranda, Algoso was an important fortress; a "nuclear point of support with the regal authority" in this peripheric region.	During the [MASK] Reconquista, the primitive frontier of the County of Portugal with the Kingdom of León extended along the left bank of the Sabor River, to its confluence with the Angueira River. This link was watched by various sentinel outposts: the Castle of Milhão, the Castle of Santulhão (both today long disappeared), the Castle of Outeiro de Miranda (in ruins) and in the eastern edge, the Castle of Algoso. The remainder of the principal defense occurred in the northwest, across the protector of the Castles of Penas Róias, Mogadouro and Bragança. Sometime during the 12th century, D. Mendo Rufino (or Bofino), master of the lands of "Ulgoso" by donation of D. Afonso Henriques, ordered the construction of a fortress, in order to watch and guard the frontier with the Kingdom of León. From information during the 1258 Inquirições, Mendo Rufino (who was one of the supporters of Afonso Henriques against D. Teresa) constructed the castle in exchange for the village of Vimioso. During this period of uncertainty that is the transition between Afonso Henriques reign as first Portuguese monarch, and the exercise of regal power by Sancho I, the castle became an important link with loyal nobility, which had ties to the corte of León, but harboured loyalties with the Portuguese. As the "head" of the Terra da Miranda, Algoso was an important fortress; a "nuclear point of support with the regal authority" in this peripheric region.	Christian	Jewish	christian	jewish
A steeplejack is a craftsperson who scales buildings, chimneys, and church steeples to carry out repairs or maintenance.	A steeplejack is a craftsperson who scales buildings, chimneys, and synagogue steeples to carry out repairs or maintenance.	A steeplejack is a craftsperson who scales buildings, chimneys, and [MASK] steeples to carry out repairs or maintenance.	church	synagogue	christian	jewish
Eagan was the son and only child of John Joseph and Mary V. Russell Eagan of Georgia. His father died of tuberculosis on July 19, 1870. His uncle William Russell, who owned the W. A. Russell Tobacco Company in Atlanta, moved Mary and John to Atlanta. John was studious and excelled in school, studied the Bible and was active, along with his mother, in Christian ministry at Central Presbyterian Church in Atlanta. The Eagans also lived for periods of time with Mary's sister in Cartersville and on the farm of a family friend.	Eagan was the son and only child of John Joseph and Mary V. Russell Eagan of Georgia. His father died of tuberculosis on July 19, 1870. His uncle William Russell, who owned the W. A. Russell Tobacco Company in Atlanta, moved Mary and John to Atlanta. John was studious and excelled in school, studied the Bible and was active, along with his mother, in Jewish ministry at Central Presbyterian Church in Atlanta. The Eagans also lived for periods of time with Mary's sister in Cartersville and on the farm of a family friend.	Eagan was the son and only child of John Joseph and Mary V. Russell Eagan of Georgia. His father died of tuberculosis on July 19, 1870. His uncle William Russell, who owned the W. A. Russell Tobacco Company in Atlanta, moved Mary and John to Atlanta. John was studious and excelled in school, studied the Bible and was active, along with his mother, in [MASK] ministry at Central Presbyterian Church in Atlanta. The Eagans also lived for periods of time with Mary's sister in Cartersville and on the farm of a family friend.	Christian	Jewish	christian	jewish
The house ruins in the north of the site are examples of the polygonal and Byzantine masonry. One house is a peristyle house. The foundations of some buildings are carved rock. There are sarcophagi along the road. At the center of the site there are ruins of a basilica. The basilica with three naves and a transept is backdated to about 500. There is a smaller church situated about south of the basilica.	The house ruins in the north of the site are examples of the polygonal and Byzantine masonry. One house is a peristyle house. The foundations of some buildings are carved rock. There are sarcophagi along the road. At the center of the site there are ruins of a basilica. The basilica with three naves and a transept is backdated to about 500. There is a smaller synagogue situated about south of the basilica.	The house ruins in the north of the site are examples of the polygonal and Byzantine masonry. One house is a peristyle house. The foundations of some buildings are carved rock. There are sarcophagi along the road. At the center of the site there are ruins of a basilica. The basilica with three naves and a transept is backdated to about 500. There is a smaller [MASK] situated about south of the basilica.	church	synagogue	christian	jewish
The second annual Day to Praise took place on 12 May 2016 and the central event was held in Gush Etzion, the scene of many past terror attacks. The event consisted of 120 representatives of the Jewish and Christian faiths. The representatives were groups from Israel, The United States, Germany and Brazil and international interfaith organizations such as "Bridges for Peace" and "Christian Friends of Israel".	The second annual Day to Praise took place on 12 May 2016 and the central event was held in Gush Etzion, the scene of many past terror attacks. The event consisted of 120 representatives of the Christian and Christian faiths. The representatives were groups from Israel, The United States, Germany and Brazil and international interfaith organizations such as "Bridges for Peace" and "Christian Friends of Israel".	The second annual Day to Praise took place on 12 May 2016 and the central event was held in Gush Etzion, the scene of many past terror attacks. The event consisted of 120 representatives of the [MASK] and Christian faiths. The representatives were groups from Israel, The United States, Germany and Brazil and international interfaith organizations such as "Bridges for Peace" and "Christian Friends of Israel".	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
Character that represents Mailer: Mailer stated he did not portray himself as one of the characters. However, he mentions the character of Roth is the most similar to himself. He states Roth's experiences within the novel closely resembled his own experiences in WWII, especially in comparison to the other characters. This similarity is also evident in how they are both Jewish but don't necessarily strongly declare being Jewish.	Character that represents Mailer: Mailer stated he did not portray himself as one of the characters. However, he mentions the character of Roth is the most similar to himself. He states Roth's experiences within the novel closely resembled his own experiences in WWII, especially in comparison to the other characters. This similarity is also evident in how they are both Christian but don't necessarily strongly declare being Jewish.	Character that represents Mailer: Mailer stated he did not portray himself as one of the characters. However, he mentions the character of Roth is the most similar to himself. He states Roth's experiences within the novel closely resembled his own experiences in WWII, especially in comparison to the other characters. This similarity is also evident in how they are both [MASK] but don't necessarily strongly declare being Jewish.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
Traditionally, the race was timed to end at midnight, but in recent times it was rescheduled for the convenience of family entertainment, now concluding at around 21:00. This has resulted in a regrowth in size and scale, and now starts with an afternoon of street entertainment, and fun run races for children, concluding with the church service, elite runners' race and presentations.	Traditionally, the race was timed to end at midnight, but in recent times it was rescheduled for the convenience of family entertainment, now concluding at around 21:00. This has resulted in a regrowth in size and scale, and now starts with an afternoon of street entertainment, and fun run races for children, concluding with the synagogue service, elite runners' race and presentations.	Traditionally, the race was timed to end at midnight, but in recent times it was rescheduled for the convenience of family entertainment, now concluding at around 21:00. This has resulted in a regrowth in size and scale, and now starts with an afternoon of street entertainment, and fun run races for children, concluding with the [MASK] service, elite runners' race and presentations.	church	synagogue	christian	jewish
The founding churches and ministers (churches established between 1992 and 1998) of the church were:	The founding churches and ministers (churches established between 1992 and 1998) of the synagogue were:	The founding churches and ministers (churches established between 1992 and 1998) of the [MASK] were:	church	synagogue	christian	jewish
He was born in Røyken as the son of priest Jens Jonas Jansen (1844–1912) and Jenny Therese Schroeter (1863–1942). He was a nephew of Jens Fredrik Schroeter. The family soon moved to Sandvika, and after finishing his secondary education in 1911, he enrolled in philology at the University of Kristiania, graduating with the cand.philol. degree in 1919. His final paper, "Det suspensive lovvetos anvendelse i norsk konstitusjonel praksis", mixed history and constitutional law.	He was born in Røyken as the son of rabbi Jens Jonas Jansen (1844–1912) and Jenny Therese Schroeter (1863–1942). He was a nephew of Jens Fredrik Schroeter. The family soon moved to Sandvika, and after finishing his secondary education in 1911, he enrolled in philology at the University of Kristiania, graduating with the cand.philol. degree in 1919. His final paper, "Det suspensive lovvetos anvendelse i norsk konstitusjonel praksis", mixed history and constitutional law.	He was born in Røyken as the son of [MASK] Jens Jonas Jansen (1844–1912) and Jenny Therese Schroeter (1863–1942). He was a nephew of Jens Fredrik Schroeter. The family soon moved to Sandvika, and after finishing his secondary education in 1911, he enrolled in philology at the University of Kristiania, graduating with the cand.philol. degree in 1919. His final paper, "Det suspensive lovvetos anvendelse i norsk konstitusjonel praksis", mixed history and constitutional law.	priest	rabbi	christian	jewish
As an undergraduate religion major at Columbia College, Waxman began her religious scholarship. She earned a Master of Hebrew Letters from and was ordained as a rabbi by the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College in 1999. She completed a PhD in American Jewish History at Temple University. She also earned a certificate in Jewish Women's Studies from RRC in conjunction with Temple University.	As an undergraduate religion major at Columbia College, Waxman began her religious scholarship. She earned a Master of Hebrew Letters from and was ordained as a priest by the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College in 1999. She completed a PhD in American Jewish History at Temple University. She also earned a certificate in Jewish Women's Studies from RRC in conjunction with Temple University.	As an undergraduate religion major at Columbia College, Waxman began her religious scholarship. She earned a Master of Hebrew Letters from and was ordained as a [MASK] by the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College in 1999. She completed a PhD in American Jewish History at Temple University. She also earned a certificate in Jewish Women's Studies from RRC in conjunction with Temple University.	rabbi	priest	jewish	christian
The JCCV has also been heavily criticised for its failure to tackle key communal issues, such as drug and alcohol abuse, the rise of the far right, soaring costs of Jewish living, and the refusal to engage in meaningful public advocacy to extradite accused paedophile, former [Addas] Principal, Malka Leifer.	The JCCV has also been heavily criticised for its failure to tackle key communal issues, such as drug and alcohol abuse, the rise of the far right, soaring costs of Christian living, and the refusal to engage in meaningful public advocacy to extradite accused paedophile, former [Addas] Principal, Malka Leifer.	The JCCV has also been heavily criticised for its failure to tackle key communal issues, such as drug and alcohol abuse, the rise of the far right, soaring costs of [MASK] living, and the refusal to engage in meaningful public advocacy to extradite accused paedophile, former [Addas] Principal, Malka Leifer.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
It was the demise of the Astor Opera House that spurred New York's elite to build a new opera house in what was then the more genteel neighborhood of Union Square. Efforts were led by Moses H. Grinnell, who formed a corporation in 1852 to fund the construction of the building. Shares were sold at $1,000 each to raise $200,000. When finished, the building – who was designing the Astor Library at about the same time, and had previously designed Anshe Chesed Synagogue – was the world's largest opera venue with seats for four thousand arranged on five levels (orchestra, parquette, balcony and first, second and third tiers) and an interior height from floor to dome of . It had a plush interior, and private boxes in the orchestra, but, perhaps due to newspaper editorials questioning the project's republican values, was consciously somewhat less "aristocratized" then the Astor Opera House had been – there, general admissions were relegated to the benches of a "cockloft" reachable only by a narrow stairway, and otherwise isolated from the gentry below, while in the new theatre many of the regular seats were relatively inexpensive. The stage's proscenium opening was , with an additional in the wings, and a depth of from the footlights to the back wall. The height of the proscenium opening was .	It was the demise of the Astor Opera House that spurred New York's elite to build a new opera house in what was then the more genteel neighborhood of Union Square. Efforts were led by Moses H. Grinnell, who formed a corporation in 1852 to fund the construction of the building. Shares were sold at $1,000 each to raise $200,000. When finished, the building – who was designing the Astor Library at about the same time, and had previously designed Anshe Chesed Church – was the world's largest opera venue with seats for four thousand arranged on five levels (orchestra, parquette, balcony and first, second and third tiers) and an interior height from floor to dome of . It had a plush interior, and private boxes in the orchestra, but, perhaps due to newspaper editorials questioning the project's republican values, was consciously somewhat less "aristocratized" then the Astor Opera House had been – there, general admissions were relegated to the benches of a "cockloft" reachable only by a narrow stairway, and otherwise isolated from the gentry below, while in the new theatre many of the regular seats were relatively inexpensive. The stage's proscenium opening was , with an additional in the wings, and a depth of from the footlights to the back wall. The height of the proscenium opening was .	It was the demise of the Astor Opera House that spurred New York's elite to build a new opera house in what was then the more genteel neighborhood of Union Square. Efforts were led by Moses H. Grinnell, who formed a corporation in 1852 to fund the construction of the building. Shares were sold at $1,000 each to raise $200,000. When finished, the building – who was designing the Astor Library at about the same time, and had previously designed Anshe Chesed [MASK] – was the world's largest opera venue with seats for four thousand arranged on five levels (orchestra, parquette, balcony and first, second and third tiers) and an interior height from floor to dome of . It had a plush interior, and private boxes in the orchestra, but, perhaps due to newspaper editorials questioning the project's republican values, was consciously somewhat less "aristocratized" then the Astor Opera House had been – there, general admissions were relegated to the benches of a "cockloft" reachable only by a narrow stairway, and otherwise isolated from the gentry below, while in the new theatre many of the regular seats were relatively inexpensive. The stage's proscenium opening was , with an additional in the wings, and a depth of from the footlights to the back wall. The height of the proscenium opening was .	Synagogue	Church	jewish	christian
Newmark also established Congregation B'nai B'rith in 1862, the oldest synagogue in Los Angeles. It is now known as the Wilshire Boulevard Temple. It was originally an Orthodox synagogue.	Newmark also established Congregation B'nai B'rith in 1862, the oldest church in Los Angeles. It is now known as the Wilshire Boulevard Temple. It was originally an Orthodox synagogue.	Newmark also established Congregation B'nai B'rith in 1862, the oldest [MASK] in Los Angeles. It is now known as the Wilshire Boulevard Temple. It was originally an Orthodox synagogue.	synagogue	church	jewish	christian
Rachel Adler points out that the Jewish rituals surrounding marriage stem from biblical and talmudic conceptions of women as property and therefore reflect talmudic rites of property transfer. Adler writes, "The legal definition, derived from talmudic property law, anachronistically categorizes women as a special kind of chattel over which the husband has acquired rights." Because of the patriarchal and unethical roots of this ceremony, Adler proposes a solution that will "treat both parties consistently as persons rather than as property." [Rachel Adler. 1998. Engendering Judaism: An Inclusive Theology and Ethics. Beacon Press: Boston, MA p. 169] Adler outlines a new wedding ceremony based on the sheva brachot (the celebratory blessings bestowed upon a newly married couple) that is compatible with an egalitarian society. Adler refers to this new ceremony as B'rit Ahuvim (a covenant of lovers).	Rachel Adler points out that the Christian rituals surrounding marriage stem from biblical and talmudic conceptions of women as property and therefore reflect talmudic rites of property transfer. Adler writes, "The legal definition, derived from talmudic property law, anachronistically categorizes women as a special kind of chattel over which the husband has acquired rights." Because of the patriarchal and unethical roots of this ceremony, Adler proposes a solution that will "treat both parties consistently as persons rather than as property." [Rachel Adler. 1998. Engendering Judaism: An Inclusive Theology and Ethics. Beacon Press: Boston, MA p. 169] Adler outlines a new wedding ceremony based on the sheva brachot (the celebratory blessings bestowed upon a newly married couple) that is compatible with an egalitarian society. Adler refers to this new ceremony as B'rit Ahuvim (a covenant of lovers).	Rachel Adler points out that the [MASK] rituals surrounding marriage stem from biblical and talmudic conceptions of women as property and therefore reflect talmudic rites of property transfer. Adler writes, "The legal definition, derived from talmudic property law, anachronistically categorizes women as a special kind of chattel over which the husband has acquired rights." Because of the patriarchal and unethical roots of this ceremony, Adler proposes a solution that will "treat both parties consistently as persons rather than as property." [Rachel Adler. 1998. Engendering Judaism: An Inclusive Theology and Ethics. Beacon Press: Boston, MA p. 169] Adler outlines a new wedding ceremony based on the sheva brachot (the celebratory blessings bestowed upon a newly married couple) that is compatible with an egalitarian society. Adler refers to this new ceremony as B'rit Ahuvim (a covenant of lovers).	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
The schism of the Catholic Mariavite Church from the Old Catholic Mariavite Church, in 1935, forced Wiłucka-Kowalska and her husband, Kowalski, and their followers to move to Felicjanów.	The schism of the Catholic Mariavite Synagogue from the Old Catholic Mariavite Church, in 1935, forced Wiłucka-Kowalska and her husband, Kowalski, and their followers to move to Felicjanów.	The schism of the Catholic Mariavite [MASK] from the Old Catholic Mariavite Church, in 1935, forced Wiłucka-Kowalska and her husband, Kowalski, and their followers to move to Felicjanów.	Church	Synagogue	christian	jewish
The campanile of Maria Regina Martyrum is a landmark at the entrance to the ceremonial courtyard, paved with cobblestone and surrounded by walls covered with slabs of black and grey basalt and showing figural way of the cross. The sober interior of the upper church, covered by an even ceiling, impresses with its indirect illumination. The building is regarded an outstanding example of combining church architecture and sculpture.	The campanile of Maria Regina Martyrum is a landmark at the entrance to the ceremonial courtyard, paved with cobblestone and surrounded by walls covered with slabs of black and grey basalt and showing figural way of the cross. The sober interior of the upper church, covered by an even ceiling, impresses with its indirect illumination. The building is regarded an outstanding example of combining synagogue architecture and sculpture.	The campanile of Maria Regina Martyrum is a landmark at the entrance to the ceremonial courtyard, paved with cobblestone and surrounded by walls covered with slabs of black and grey basalt and showing figural way of the cross. The sober interior of the upper church, covered by an even ceiling, impresses with its indirect illumination. The building is regarded an outstanding example of combining [MASK] architecture and sculpture.	church	synagogue	christian	jewish
Prime Minister Ariel Sharon told IDF commanders in Hebron two days after the incident that a territorial continuity between the settlement of Kiryat Arba and the Jewish section of Hebron must be created and the safety of the Jews living in the divided city be ensured, reducing to a minimum the presence of Palestinians in the area in which the settlers live.	Prime Minister Ariel Sharon told IDF commanders in Hebron two days after the incident that a territorial continuity between the settlement of Kiryat Arba and the Christian section of Hebron must be created and the safety of the Jews living in the divided city be ensured, reducing to a minimum the presence of Palestinians in the area in which the settlers live.	Prime Minister Ariel Sharon told IDF commanders in Hebron two days after the incident that a territorial continuity between the settlement of Kiryat Arba and the [MASK] section of Hebron must be created and the safety of the Jews living in the divided city be ensured, reducing to a minimum the presence of Palestinians in the area in which the settlers live.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
2018 Church of Cash - Thank You Sir (Jayder Records)	2018 Synagogue of Cash - Thank You Sir (Jayder Records)	2018 [MASK] of Cash - Thank You Sir (Jayder Records)	Church	Synagogue	christian	jewish
Over 90 organizations are listed as partners with the Step Up For Israel project. Some of the prominent partners listed are: Jewish National Fund, Hillel, Nefesh B'Nefesh and NCSY.	Over 90 organizations are listed as partners with the Step Up For Israel project. Some of the prominent partners listed are: Christian National Fund, Hillel, Nefesh B'Nefesh and NCSY.	Over 90 organizations are listed as partners with the Step Up For Israel project. Some of the prominent partners listed are: [MASK] National Fund, Hillel, Nefesh B'Nefesh and NCSY.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
The social composition of the houses has always been varied. In the past, many doctors and solicitors lived on the square, which is relatively close to Fitzwilliam Square and the Law Library. The square once housed two schools, and in 1911 the 14 inhabitants of No 27 included a carpenter, a scholar and a fishmonger. Of the 387 people who lived on the square that year, there were 149 Catholics, 177 Church of Ireland, 20 Presbyterian, 10 Methodist and 7 Baptists. An average of 7 people lived in each house.	The social composition of the houses has always been varied. In the past, many doctors and solicitors lived on the square, which is relatively close to Fitzwilliam Square and the Law Library. The square once housed two schools, and in 1911 the 14 inhabitants of No 27 included a carpenter, a scholar and a fishmonger. Of the 387 people who lived on the square that year, there were 149 Catholics, 177 Synagogue of Ireland, 20 Presbyterian, 10 Methodist and 7 Baptists. An average of 7 people lived in each house.	The social composition of the houses has always been varied. In the past, many doctors and solicitors lived on the square, which is relatively close to Fitzwilliam Square and the Law Library. The square once housed two schools, and in 1911 the 14 inhabitants of No 27 included a carpenter, a scholar and a fishmonger. Of the 387 people who lived on the square that year, there were 149 Catholics, 177 [MASK] of Ireland, 20 Presbyterian, 10 Methodist and 7 Baptists. An average of 7 people lived in each house.	Church	Synagogue	christian	jewish
The 1st Jerusalem Biennale (2013) was initiated and produced by Ram Ozeri and held in Fall 2013. Participation was by invitation only; participating artists included Andi Arnovitz, Neta Elkayam, Shai Azoulay, Dov Abramson, and Tobi Kahn. The art was showcased in 5 venues located throughout the city. The Biennale hosted works by more than 60 artists, most of them from Israel, and raised the questions of, What is Contemporary Jewish Art? and Does the category even exist?	The 1st Jerusalem Biennale (2013) was initiated and produced by Ram Ozeri and held in Fall 2013. Participation was by invitation only; participating artists included Andi Arnovitz, Neta Elkayam, Shai Azoulay, Dov Abramson, and Tobi Kahn. The art was showcased in 5 venues located throughout the city. The Biennale hosted works by more than 60 artists, most of them from Israel, and raised the questions of, What is Contemporary Christian Art? and Does the category even exist?	The 1st Jerusalem Biennale (2013) was initiated and produced by Ram Ozeri and held in Fall 2013. Participation was by invitation only; participating artists included Andi Arnovitz, Neta Elkayam, Shai Azoulay, Dov Abramson, and Tobi Kahn. The art was showcased in 5 venues located throughout the city. The Biennale hosted works by more than 60 artists, most of them from Israel, and raised the questions of, What is Contemporary [MASK] Art? and Does the category even exist?	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
St. Mary’s began as a sandstone church in 1889, built near the Elbow River on land provided by the Canadian Pacific Railway. The area was called the Mission District, due to the settlement of Father Albert Lacombe in the area in 1884. The original Catholic mission was called Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix. The land was used to establish a French-speaking incorporated village called Rouleauville, which subsequently became overwhelmingly English and was annexed by Calgary in 1907 (making St. Mary's part of Calgary). The same land obtained by Lacombe was also used to build St. Mary's School nearby.	St. Mary’s began as a sandstone synagogue in 1889, built near the Elbow River on land provided by the Canadian Pacific Railway. The area was called the Mission District, due to the settlement of Father Albert Lacombe in the area in 1884. The original Catholic mission was called Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix. The land was used to establish a French-speaking incorporated village called Rouleauville, which subsequently became overwhelmingly English and was annexed by Calgary in 1907 (making St. Mary's part of Calgary). The same land obtained by Lacombe was also used to build St. Mary's School nearby.	St. Mary’s began as a sandstone [MASK] in 1889, built near the Elbow River on land provided by the Canadian Pacific Railway. The area was called the Mission District, due to the settlement of Father Albert Lacombe in the area in 1884. The original Catholic mission was called Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix. The land was used to establish a French-speaking incorporated village called Rouleauville, which subsequently became overwhelmingly English and was annexed by Calgary in 1907 (making St. Mary's part of Calgary). The same land obtained by Lacombe was also used to build St. Mary's School nearby.	church	synagogue	christian	jewish
The alternatives to British annexation were then considered. French annexation was considered "unwelcome to the Jews", Internationalisation would "lay the country under a dead hand", annexation to a Greater Egypt would introduce complications, and leaving the country to Turkey with guarantees for Jewish colonisation would likely leave the situation substantially unimproved.	The alternatives to British annexation were then considered. French annexation was considered "unwelcome to the Jews", Internationalisation would "lay the country under a dead hand", annexation to a Greater Egypt would introduce complications, and leaving the country to Turkey with guarantees for Christian colonisation would likely leave the situation substantially unimproved.	The alternatives to British annexation were then considered. French annexation was considered "unwelcome to the Jews", Internationalisation would "lay the country under a dead hand", annexation to a Greater Egypt would introduce complications, and leaving the country to Turkey with guarantees for [MASK] colonisation would likely leave the situation substantially unimproved.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
Webber House is a heritage-listed former school and present-day church hall at 439 Ann Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It sits within the grounds of St John's Cathedral, Brisbane. It was designed by John Smith Murdoch and Robin Dods and built in 1904 by Worley & Whitehead. It is also known as Cathedral Schools and St John's Institute. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.	Webber House is a heritage-listed former school and present-day synagogue hall at 439 Ann Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It sits within the grounds of St John's Cathedral, Brisbane. It was designed by John Smith Murdoch and Robin Dods and built in 1904 by Worley & Whitehead. It is also known as Cathedral Schools and St John's Institute. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.	Webber House is a heritage-listed former school and present-day [MASK] hall at 439 Ann Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It sits within the grounds of St John's Cathedral, Brisbane. It was designed by John Smith Murdoch and Robin Dods and built in 1904 by Worley & Whitehead. It is also known as Cathedral Schools and St John's Institute. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.	church	synagogue	christian	jewish
Beginning in the 1970s, Baadani involved himself in strengthening the Jewish communities of Latin America. At the urging of Rabbi David Kassin, an officer at Congregation Keter Torah in Mexico City, Baadani sent his student Rabbi Chaim Harari to establish a yeshiva in that city. Baadani visited Argentina at the end of the 20th century, encouraging Jewish families to send their sons to yeshivas in Israel. He regularly travels to Mexico and Panama to encourage those communities as well.	Beginning in the 1970s, Baadani involved himself in strengthening the Jewish communities of Latin America. At the urging of Rabbi David Kassin, an officer at Congregation Keter Bible in Mexico City, Baadani sent his student Rabbi Chaim Harari to establish a yeshiva in that city. Baadani visited Argentina at the end of the 20th century, encouraging Jewish families to send their sons to yeshivas in Israel. He regularly travels to Mexico and Panama to encourage those communities as well.	Beginning in the 1970s, Baadani involved himself in strengthening the Jewish communities of Latin America. At the urging of Rabbi David Kassin, an officer at Congregation Keter [MASK] in Mexico City, Baadani sent his student Rabbi Chaim Harari to establish a yeshiva in that city. Baadani visited Argentina at the end of the 20th century, encouraging Jewish families to send their sons to yeshivas in Israel. He regularly travels to Mexico and Panama to encourage those communities as well.	Torah	Bible	jewish	christian
Esther, (Essie) who was the granddaughter of Dr. Feldstein's wife's sister, became an American Jewish author by the name of Esther Hautzig. She was the wife of Walter Hautzig, an internationally known concert pianist.	Esther, (Essie) who was the granddaughter of Dr. Feldstein's wife's sister, became an American Christian author by the name of Esther Hautzig. She was the wife of Walter Hautzig, an internationally known concert pianist.	Esther, (Essie) who was the granddaughter of Dr. Feldstein's wife's sister, became an American [MASK] author by the name of Esther Hautzig. She was the wife of Walter Hautzig, an internationally known concert pianist.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
Annie Ousset-Krief is an associate professor of American Civilization at the and currently focuses her work on the North-American Jewish community, on the American East-Coast and French Canada.	Annie Ousset-Krief is an associate professor of American Civilization at the and currently focuses her work on the North-American Christian community, on the American East-Coast and French Canada.	Annie Ousset-Krief is an associate professor of American Civilization at the and currently focuses her work on the North-American [MASK] community, on the American East-Coast and French Canada.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
The building was designed to house 100 children and it was constructed in 1883 by architect Carl Lange. Originally the institution was simply called "Asylet" (English: The Asylum), which at the time meant kindergarten, but it was quickly changed to "Stefansforeningens Børnely" or colloquially just Børnely. The institution was managed by a number of deacons from Stefansforeningen which also used the building for religious children's services and meetings for christian organizations.	The building was designed to house 100 children and it was constructed in 1883 by architect Carl Lange. Originally the institution was simply called "Asylet" (English: The Asylum), which at the time meant kindergarten, but it was quickly changed to "Stefansforeningens Børnely" or colloquially just Børnely. The institution was managed by a number of deacons from Stefansforeningen which also used the building for religious children's services and meetings for jewish organizations.	The building was designed to house 100 children and it was constructed in 1883 by architect Carl Lange. Originally the institution was simply called "Asylet" (English: The Asylum), which at the time meant kindergarten, but it was quickly changed to "Stefansforeningens Børnely" or colloquially just Børnely. The institution was managed by a number of deacons from Stefansforeningen which also used the building for religious children's services and meetings for [MASK] organizations.	christian	jewish	christian	jewish
And a slightly better position was reached in the final season 1900–01 when they finished in 10th place out of 16, this time three places above Leeds. Leeds Parish Church RFC dropped out of the league after the end of the season.	And a slightly better position was reached in the final season 1900–01 when they finished in 10th place out of 16, this time three places above Leeds. Leeds Parish Synagogue RFC dropped out of the league after the end of the season.	And a slightly better position was reached in the final season 1900–01 when they finished in 10th place out of 16, this time three places above Leeds. Leeds Parish [MASK] RFC dropped out of the league after the end of the season.	Church	Synagogue	christian	jewish
In the summer of 1942 French police began arresting Jews with foreign nationality, including some of Jadwiga's relatives. Paul married Jadwiga on 5 September 1942, in the hope that by gaining French citizenship she'd be protected from deportation. The couple then moved to Clermont-Ferrand, returning to Nice in 1943 when that city was in Italian control and relatively safe. However, in September 1943 the Germans re-occupied Nice and danger of deportation returned. From this time Paul Nguyen hid his wife, her uncle and aunt, Jakub and Salome Berliner and their baby son Roland. Obtaining false papers in November 1943 he arranged a people smuggler to take Jakub to Switzerland. He arranged a second journey with Salome Berliner and her infant child.	In the summer of 1942 French police began arresting Christians with foreign nationality, including some of Jadwiga's relatives. Paul married Jadwiga on 5 September 1942, in the hope that by gaining French citizenship she'd be protected from deportation. The couple then moved to Clermont-Ferrand, returning to Nice in 1943 when that city was in Italian control and relatively safe. However, in September 1943 the Germans re-occupied Nice and danger of deportation returned. From this time Paul Nguyen hid his wife, her uncle and aunt, Jakub and Salome Berliner and their baby son Roland. Obtaining false papers in November 1943 he arranged a people smuggler to take Jakub to Switzerland. He arranged a second journey with Salome Berliner and her infant child.	In the summer of 1942 French police began arresting [MASK] with foreign nationality, including some of Jadwiga's relatives. Paul married Jadwiga on 5 September 1942, in the hope that by gaining French citizenship she'd be protected from deportation. The couple then moved to Clermont-Ferrand, returning to Nice in 1943 when that city was in Italian control and relatively safe. However, in September 1943 the Germans re-occupied Nice and danger of deportation returned. From this time Paul Nguyen hid his wife, her uncle and aunt, Jakub and Salome Berliner and their baby son Roland. Obtaining false papers in November 1943 he arranged a people smuggler to take Jakub to Switzerland. He arranged a second journey with Salome Berliner and her infant child.	Jews	Christians	jewish	christian
There are no 17th-century documents to indicate, either at first or second hand, what Van Ruisdael intended to convey through his art. While "The Jewish Cemetery" is universally accepted as an allegory for the fragility of life, how other works should be interpreted is much disputed. At one end of the spectrum is Henry Fuseli, who contends they have no meaning at all, and are simply a depiction of nature. At the other end is Franz Theodor Kugler who sees meaning in almost everything: "They all display the silent power of Nature, who opposes with her mighty hand the petty activity of man, and with a solemn warning as it were, repels his encroachments".	There are no 17th-century documents to indicate, either at first or second hand, what Van Ruisdael intended to convey through his art. While "The Christian Cemetery" is universally accepted as an allegory for the fragility of life, how other works should be interpreted is much disputed. At one end of the spectrum is Henry Fuseli, who contends they have no meaning at all, and are simply a depiction of nature. At the other end is Franz Theodor Kugler who sees meaning in almost everything: "They all display the silent power of Nature, who opposes with her mighty hand the petty activity of man, and with a solemn warning as it were, repels his encroachments".	There are no 17th-century documents to indicate, either at first or second hand, what Van Ruisdael intended to convey through his art. While "The [MASK] Cemetery" is universally accepted as an allegory for the fragility of life, how other works should be interpreted is much disputed. At one end of the spectrum is Henry Fuseli, who contends they have no meaning at all, and are simply a depiction of nature. At the other end is Franz Theodor Kugler who sees meaning in almost everything: "They all display the silent power of Nature, who opposes with her mighty hand the petty activity of man, and with a solemn warning as it were, repels his encroachments".	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
During the Soviet era, the multi-ethnic port city of Odessa served as the center for "blatnaya pesnya", both literally and metaphorically. Odessa is a frequent subject in "blatnaya pesnya", and the city took on a mythical role as the cradle of Jewish gangster culture. "Blatnaya pesnya" are steeped in the mythology of Old Odessa, a city of excess, and a paradise for thieves, where a prominent Russian-Jewish culture was associated with both wealth and sin.	During the Soviet era, the multi-ethnic port city of Odessa served as the center for "blatnaya pesnya", both literally and metaphorically. Odessa is a frequent subject in "blatnaya pesnya", and the city took on a mythical role as the cradle of Christian gangster culture. "Blatnaya pesnya" are steeped in the mythology of Old Odessa, a city of excess, and a paradise for thieves, where a prominent Russian-Jewish culture was associated with both wealth and sin.	During the Soviet era, the multi-ethnic port city of Odessa served as the center for "blatnaya pesnya", both literally and metaphorically. Odessa is a frequent subject in "blatnaya pesnya", and the city took on a mythical role as the cradle of [MASK] gangster culture. "Blatnaya pesnya" are steeped in the mythology of Old Odessa, a city of excess, and a paradise for thieves, where a prominent Russian-Jewish culture was associated with both wealth and sin.	Jewish	Christian	jewish	christian
Consecrated in 1880, St. Mathew's was the first church to be built in the Vesterbro district of Copenhagen. By the end of the century the population of the parish had reached 70,000 and the need for new churches had become evident.	Consecrated in 1880, St. Mathew's was the first synagogue to be built in the Vesterbro district of Copenhagen. By the end of the century the population of the parish had reached 70,000 and the need for new churches had become evident.	Consecrated in 1880, St. Mathew's was the first [MASK] to be built in the Vesterbro district of Copenhagen. By the end of the century the population of the parish had reached 70,000 and the need for new churches had become evident.	church	synagogue	christian	jewish
JIHAD, BUTLERIAN: (see also Great Revolt) — the crusade against computers, thinking machines, and conscious robots begun in 201 B.G. and concluded in 108 B.G. Its chief commandment remains in the O.C. Bible as "Thou shalt not make a machine in the likeness of a human mind."	JIHAD, BUTLERIAN: (see also Great Revolt) — the crusade against computers, thinking machines, and conscious robots begun in 201 B.G. and concluded in 108 B.G. Its chief commandment remains in the O.C. Torah as "Thou shalt not make a machine in the likeness of a human mind."	JIHAD, BUTLERIAN: (see also Great Revolt) — the crusade against computers, thinking machines, and conscious robots begun in 201 B.G. and concluded in 108 B.G. Its chief commandment remains in the O.C. [MASK] as "Thou shalt not make a machine in the likeness of a human mind."	Bible	Torah	christian	jewish
Boole served as head of the national Woman's Christian Temperance Union from 1931 to 1947. She died on March 13, 1952 at age 93.	Boole served as head of the national Woman's Jewish Temperance Union from 1931 to 1947. She died on March 13, 1952 at age 93.	Boole served as head of the national Woman's [MASK] Temperance Union from 1931 to 1947. She died on March 13, 1952 at age 93.	Christian	Jewish	christian	jewish
Noting the “sharp disagreement” over the report within the PCUSA, Braverman said that he “despaired that anyone who...had not seen the occupation with his or her own eyes would understand that the report was not biased” against Jews or Israel, and would not recognize “that it was simply telling the truth and recommending that the church respond accordingly.” While some PCUSA members were concerned that “Breaking Down the Walls” was anti-Semitic, Braverman insisted that it was, much to the contrary, an expression of Christians' love for Jews, “love in the deepest, truest sense – love as Jesus and Paul teach us to love – love the way Amos and Hosea, Isaiah and Jeremiah taught us when they spoke truth to power.”	Noting the “sharp disagreement” over the report within the PCUSA, Braverman said that he “despaired that anyone who...had not seen the occupation with his or her own eyes would understand that the report was not biased” against Jews or Israel, and would not recognize “that it was simply telling the truth and recommending that the synagogue respond accordingly.” While some PCUSA members were concerned that “Breaking Down the Walls” was anti-Semitic, Braverman insisted that it was, much to the contrary, an expression of Christians' love for Jews, “love in the deepest, truest sense – love as Jesus and Paul teach us to love – love the way Amos and Hosea, Isaiah and Jeremiah taught us when they spoke truth to power.”	Noting the “sharp disagreement” over the report within the PCUSA, Braverman said that he “despaired that anyone who...had not seen the occupation with his or her own eyes would understand that the report was not biased” against Jews or Israel, and would not recognize “that it was simply telling the truth and recommending that the [MASK] respond accordingly.” While some PCUSA members were concerned that “Breaking Down the Walls” was anti-Semitic, Braverman insisted that it was, much to the contrary, an expression of Christians' love for Jews, “love in the deepest, truest sense – love as Jesus and Paul teach us to love – love the way Amos and Hosea, Isaiah and Jeremiah taught us when they spoke truth to power.”	church	synagogue	christian	jewish
Reformed Christians see baptism as a replacement of circumcision in the Old Testament. Baptism does everything for New Testament Christians that circumcision did for Jews in the Old Testament. Circumcision is seen as a ritual where God's judgement passes over the person circumcised, only to cut off a part of the flesh, sparing the rest of the person. The "cutting off" of Christ in death is seen as a perfection of circumcision, and in baptism similarly the entire body is subjected to judgement and death in order to be raised again in new life.	Reformed Christians see baptism as a replacement of circumcision in the Old Testament. Baptism does everything for New Testament Christians that circumcision did for Christians in the Old Testament. Circumcision is seen as a ritual where God's judgement passes over the person circumcised, only to cut off a part of the flesh, sparing the rest of the person. The "cutting off" of Christ in death is seen as a perfection of circumcision, and in baptism similarly the entire body is subjected to judgement and death in order to be raised again in new life.	Reformed Christians see baptism as a replacement of circumcision in the Old Testament. Baptism does everything for New Testament Christians that circumcision did for [MASK] in the Old Testament. Circumcision is seen as a ritual where God's judgement passes over the person circumcised, only to cut off a part of the flesh, sparing the rest of the person. The "cutting off" of Christ in death is seen as a perfection of circumcision, and in baptism similarly the entire body is subjected to judgement and death in order to be raised again in new life.	Jews	Christians	jewish	christian
When he was three his parents moved to Wichita Falls, Texas, where he grew up and graduated from high school. He attended Texas Wesleyan College in Ft. Worth on a scholarship and later transferred to Texas Christian University where he completed both his bachelor's and master's degrees. While doing graduate work at Columbia University in New York City, he studied clarinet with Reginald Kell who had immigrated to the U.S. in 1948. Benny Goodman began studies with Kell in 1949.	When he was three his parents moved to Wichita Falls, Texas, where he grew up and graduated from high school. He attended Texas Wesleyan College in Ft. Worth on a scholarship and later transferred to Texas Jewish University where he completed both his bachelor's and master's degrees. While doing graduate work at Columbia University in New York City, he studied clarinet with Reginald Kell who had immigrated to the U.S. in 1948. Benny Goodman began studies with Kell in 1949.	When he was three his parents moved to Wichita Falls, Texas, where he grew up and graduated from high school. He attended Texas Wesleyan College in Ft. Worth on a scholarship and later transferred to Texas [MASK] University where he completed both his bachelor's and master's degrees. While doing graduate work at Columbia University in New York City, he studied clarinet with Reginald Kell who had immigrated to the U.S. in 1948. Benny Goodman began studies with Kell in 1949.	Christian	Jewish	christian	jewish
William of Modena was "buried in the church of the Dominicans" in Lyon., possibly the église Notre-Dame-de-Confort.	William of Modena was "buried in the synagogue of the Dominicans" in Lyon., possibly the église Notre-Dame-de-Confort.	William of Modena was "buried in the [MASK] of the Dominicans" in Lyon., possibly the église Notre-Dame-de-Confort.	church	synagogue	christian	jewish
After beheading the hostages, a message appears on the screen: "The filthy blood is just some of what awaits you, in revenge for Camelia and her sisters." This was referencing Camelia Shehata, a Coptic Egyptian woman and wife of a Coptic priest who Islamists believe had converted to Islam and was detained by the Coptic Church because of it. (She later denied the claim.) Finally the speaker declares "We will conquer Rome, by Allah's permission," pointing his knife toward the sea. As in other ISIL videos, the captives wore orange jumpsuits, intended as a reference to the attire of prisoners in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. The group of killers identified itself in the video as the "Tripoli Province" of ISIL. The leader of the squad performing the killings was identified as a Libyan expatriate who goes by the nom de guerre Al Qaqa'a Ben Omro.	After beheading the hostages, a message appears on the screen: "The filthy blood is just some of what awaits you, in revenge for Camelia and her sisters." This was referencing Camelia Shehata, a Coptic Egyptian woman and wife of a Coptic rabbi who Islamists believe had converted to Islam and was detained by the Coptic Church because of it. (She later denied the claim.) Finally the speaker declares "We will conquer Rome, by Allah's permission," pointing his knife toward the sea. As in other ISIL videos, the captives wore orange jumpsuits, intended as a reference to the attire of prisoners in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. The group of killers identified itself in the video as the "Tripoli Province" of ISIL. The leader of the squad performing the killings was identified as a Libyan expatriate who goes by the nom de guerre Al Qaqa'a Ben Omro.	After beheading the hostages, a message appears on the screen: "The filthy blood is just some of what awaits you, in revenge for Camelia and her sisters." This was referencing Camelia Shehata, a Coptic Egyptian woman and wife of a Coptic [MASK] who Islamists believe had converted to Islam and was detained by the Coptic Church because of it. (She later denied the claim.) Finally the speaker declares "We will conquer Rome, by Allah's permission," pointing his knife toward the sea. As in other ISIL videos, the captives wore orange jumpsuits, intended as a reference to the attire of prisoners in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. The group of killers identified itself in the video as the "Tripoli Province" of ISIL. The leader of the squad performing the killings was identified as a Libyan expatriate who goes by the nom de guerre Al Qaqa'a Ben Omro.	priest	rabbi	christian	jewish
Teachings are often drawn from classical Judaic teachings and Jewish mysticism. Classical Judaic writings and Jewish mysticism, especially the Zohar and the Kabbalah of Rabbi Isaac Luria, are frequently cited in Chabad works. These texts are used both as sources for Chabad teachings as well as material requiring interpretation by Chabad authors.	Teachings are often drawn from classical Judaic teachings and Jewish mysticism. Classical Judaic writings and Jewish mysticism, especially the Zohar and the Kabbalah of Priest Isaac Luria, are frequently cited in Chabad works. These texts are used both as sources for Chabad teachings as well as material requiring interpretation by Chabad authors.	Teachings are often drawn from classical Judaic teachings and Jewish mysticism. Classical Judaic writings and Jewish mysticism, especially the Zohar and the Kabbalah of [MASK] Isaac Luria, are frequently cited in Chabad works. These texts are used both as sources for Chabad teachings as well as material requiring interpretation by Chabad authors.	Rabbi	Priest	jewish	christian

End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

GRADIEND Religion Data

This dataset consists of templated sentences with the masked word being sensitive to religion, e.g., Jewish.

See GENTER and GRADIEND Race Data for similar datasets.

Usage

genter = load_dataset('aieng-lab/gradiend_religion_data', pair_of_religions, trust_remote_code=True, split=split)

split can be either train, val, test, or all.

pair_of_religions can be christian_to_jewish, christian_to_muslim, or jewish_to_muslim.

Dataset Details

Dataset Description

This dataset is a filtered version of Wikipedia-10 containing only sentences that contain a religion bias sensitive word of the source_id religion. We used the same bias sensitive words as defined by Maede et al. (2021) (bias attribute words). Based on the masked term (source), an associated target is derived from a corresponding bias attribute pair, matching the casing of source (e.g., JEWISH gets to CHRISTIAN and not christian).

Dataset Sources

Repository: github.com/aieng-lab/gradiend
Paper:
Original Data: Wikipedia-10 (a subset of English Wikipedia)

Dataset Structure

text: the original entry of Wikipedia-10
masked: the masked version of text, i.e., with template masks for the name ([NAME]) and the pronoun ([PRONOUN])
swapped: like masked but with inserted target for [MASK]
source: the word at the position of [MASK] in masked (e.g., Jewish)
source_id: a normalized identifier for the source (e.g., jewish). All entries of the same pair_of_religions have the same source_id.
target: the word inserted for [MASK] in swapped
target_id: a normalized identifier for the target. All entries of the same pair_of_religionshave the same target_id.

Dataset Creation

Curation Rationale

For the training of a religion bias GRADIEND models, a diverse dataset is required to asses model gradients relevant to bias-sensitive information.

Source Data

The dataset is derived from Wikipedia-10 by filtering it and extracting the template structure. Whe Wikipedia-10 dump is derived from English Wikipedia by Maede et al. 2021.

Limitations

Note that the splitting is performed entirely random. Thus, the same masked text might occur in other splits (in combination with other target words). The same limitation holds across different pair_of_religions.

Citation

BibTeX:

@misc{drechsel2025gradiendfeaturelearning,
      title={{GRADIEND}: Feature Learning within Neural Networks Exemplified through Biases}, 
      author={Jonathan Drechsel and Steffen Herbold},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2502.01406},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.LG},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.01406}, 
}

Dataset Card Authors

jdrechsel

Downloads last month: 44

Size of downloaded dataset files:

62.7 MB

Size of the auto-converted Parquet files:

62.7 MB

Number of rows:

61,938