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clinicalnlplab
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BC5CDR_chemical_train

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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Allopregnanolone ( 3alpha - hydroxy - 5alpha - pregnan - 20 - one ) , pregnanolone ( 3alpha - hydroxy - 5beta - pregnan - 20 - one ) and ganaxolone ( a synthetic derivative of allopregnanolone 3alpha - hydroxy - 3beta - methyl - 5alpha - pregnan - 20 - one ) were tested for their ability to suppress the expression ( anticonvulsant effect ) and development ( antiepileptogenic effect ) of cocaine - kindled seizures in male , Swiss - Webster mice . ### Output Text:
<span class="chemical">Allopregnanolone</span> ( <span class="chemical">3alpha - hydroxy - 5alpha - pregnan - 20 - one</span> ) , <span class="chemical">pregnanolone</span> ( <span class="chemical">3alpha - hydroxy - 5beta - pregnan - 20 - one</span> ) and <span class="chemical">ganaxolone</span> ( a synthetic derivative of <span class="chemical">allopregnanolone</span> <span class="chemical">3alpha - hydroxy - 3beta - methyl - 5alpha - pregnan - 20 - one</span> ) were tested for their ability to suppress the expression ( anticonvulsant effect ) and development ( antiepileptogenic effect ) of <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> - kindled seizures in male , Swiss - Webster mice .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Kindled seizures were induced by daily administration of 60 mg / kg cocaine for 5 days . ### Output Text:
Kindled seizures were induced by daily administration of 60 mg / kg <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> for 5 days .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: All of these positive GABA ( A ) modulators suppressed the expression of kindled seizures , whereas only allopregnanolone and ganaxolone inhibited the development of kindling . ### Output Text:
All of these positive <span class="chemical">GABA</span> ( A ) modulators suppressed the expression of kindled seizures , whereas only <span class="chemical">allopregnanolone</span> and <span class="chemical">ganaxolone</span> inhibited the development of kindling .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Allopregnanolone and pregnanolone , but not ganaxolone , also reduced cumulative lethality associated with kindling . ### Output Text:
<span class="chemical">Allopregnanolone</span> and <span class="chemical">pregnanolone</span> , but not <span class="chemical">ganaxolone</span> , also reduced cumulative lethality associated with kindling .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: These findings demonstrate that some neuroactive steroids attenuate convulsant and sensitizing properties of cocaine and add to a growing literature on their potential use in the modulation of effects of drugs of abuse . ### Output Text:
These findings demonstrate that some neuroactive <span class="chemical">steroids</span> attenuate convulsant and sensitizing properties of <span class="chemical">cocaine</span> and add to a growing literature on their potential use in the modulation of effects of drugs of abuse .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Effect of humoral modulators of morphine - induced increase in locomotor activity of mice . ### Output Text:
Effect of humoral modulators of <span class="chemical">morphine</span> - induced increase in locomotor activity of mice .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The effect of humoral modulators on the morphine - induced increase in locomotor activity of mice was studied . ### Output Text:
The effect of humoral modulators on the <span class="chemical">morphine</span> - induced increase in locomotor activity of mice was studied .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The subcutaneous administration of 10 mg / kg of morphine - HC1 produced a marked increase in locomotor activity in mice . ### Output Text:
The subcutaneous administration of 10 mg / kg of <span class="chemical">morphine</span> - HC1 produced a marked increase in locomotor activity in mice .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The morphine - induced hyperactivity was potentiated by scopolamine and attenuated by physostigmine . ### Output Text:
The <span class="chemical">morphine</span> - induced hyperactivity was potentiated by <span class="chemical">scopolamine</span> and attenuated by <span class="chemical">physostigmine</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In contrast , both methscopolamine and neostigmine , which do not penetrate the blood - brain barrier , had no effect on the hyperactivity produced by morphine . ### Output Text:
In contrast , both <span class="chemical">methscopolamine</span> and <span class="chemical">neostigmine</span> , which do not penetrate the blood - brain barrier , had no effect on the hyperactivity produced by <span class="chemical">morphine</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Pretreatment of mice with alpha - methyltyrosine ( 20 mg / kg i . p . , one hour ) , an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase , significantly decreased the activity - increasing effects of morphine . ### Output Text:
Pretreatment of mice with <span class="chemical">alpha - methyltyrosine</span> ( 20 mg / kg i . p . , one hour ) , an inhibitor of <span class="chemical">tyrosine</span> hydroxylase , significantly decreased the activity - increasing effects of <span class="chemical">morphine</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: On the other hand , pretreatment with p - chlorophenylalamine ( 3 X 320 mg / kg i . p . , 24 hr ) , a serotonin depletor , caused no significant change in the hyperactivity . ### Output Text:
On the other hand , pretreatment with <span class="chemical">p - chlorophenylalamine</span> ( 3 X 320 mg / kg i . p . , 24 hr ) , a <span class="chemical">serotonin</span> depletor , caused no significant change in the hyperactivity .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The study suggests that the activity - increasing effects of morphine are mediated by the release of catecholamines from adrenergic neurons in the brain . ### Output Text:
The study suggests that the activity - increasing effects of <span class="chemical">morphine</span> are mediated by the release of <span class="chemical">catecholamines</span> from adrenergic neurons in the brain .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: And the results are consistent with the hypothesis that morphine acts by retarding the release of acetylcholine at some central cholinergic synapses . ### Output Text:
And the results are consistent with the hypothesis that <span class="chemical">morphine</span> acts by retarding the release of <span class="chemical">acetylcholine</span> at some central cholinergic synapses .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: It is also suggested from collected evidence that the activity - increasing effects of morphine in mice are mediated by mechanisms different from those which mediate the activity - increasing effects of morphine in rats . ### Output Text:
It is also suggested from collected evidence that the activity - increasing effects of <span class="chemical">morphine</span> in mice are mediated by mechanisms different from those which mediate the activity - increasing effects of <span class="chemical">morphine</span> in rats .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Effects of uninephrectomy and high protein feeding on lithium - induced chronic renal failure in rats . ### Output Text:
Effects of uninephrectomy and high protein feeding on <span class="chemical">lithium</span> - induced chronic renal failure in rats .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Rats with lithium - induced nephropathy were subjected to high protein ( HP ) feeding , uninephrectomy ( NX ) or a combination of these , in an attempt to induce glomerular hyperfiltration and further progression of renal failure . ### Output Text:
Rats with <span class="chemical">lithium</span> - induced nephropathy were subjected to high protein ( HP ) feeding , uninephrectomy ( NX ) or a combination of these , in an attempt to induce glomerular hyperfiltration and further progression of renal failure .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Newborn female Wistar rats were fed a lithium - containing diet ( 50 mmol / kg ) for 8 weeks and then randomized to normal diet , HP diet ( 40 vs . 19 % ) , NX or HP + NX for another 8 weeks . ### Output Text:
Newborn female Wistar rats were fed a <span class="chemical">lithium</span> - containing diet ( 50 mmol / kg ) for 8 weeks and then randomized to normal diet , HP diet ( 40 vs . 19 % ) , NX or HP + NX for another 8 weeks .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Corresponding non - lithium pretreated groups were generated . ### Output Text:
Corresponding non - <span class="chemical">lithium</span> pretreated groups were generated .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: When comparing all lithium treated versus non - lithium - treated groups , lithium caused a reduction in glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) without significant changes in effective renal plasma flow ( as determined by a marker secreted into the proximal tubules ) or lithium clearance . ### Output Text:
When comparing all <span class="chemical">lithium</span> treated versus non - <span class="chemical">lithium</span> - treated groups , <span class="chemical">lithium</span> caused a reduction in glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) without significant changes in effective renal plasma flow ( as determined by a marker secreted into the proximal tubules ) or <span class="chemical">lithium</span> clearance .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Consequently , lithium pretreatment caused a fall in filtration fraction and an increase in fractional Li excretion . ### Output Text:
Consequently , <span class="chemical">lithium</span> pretreatment caused a fall in filtration fraction and an increase in fractional <span class="chemical">Li</span> excretion .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Lithium also caused proteinuria and systolic hypertension in absence of glomerulosclerosis . ### Output Text:
<span class="chemical">Lithium</span> also caused proteinuria and systolic hypertension in absence of glomerulosclerosis .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: HP failed to accentuante progression of renal failure and in fact tended to increase GFR and decrease plasma creatinine levels in lithium pretreated rats . ### Output Text:
HP failed to accentuante progression of renal failure and in fact tended to increase GFR and decrease plasma <span class="chemical">creatinine</span> levels in <span class="chemical">lithium</span> pretreated rats .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: NX caused an additive deterioration in GFR which , however , was ameliorated by HP . ### Output Text:
NX caused an additive deterioration in GFR which , however , was ameliorated by HP .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: NX + HP caused a further rise in blood pressure in Li - pretreated rats . ### Output Text:
NX + HP caused a further rise in blood pressure in <span class="chemical">Li</span> - pretreated rats .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The results indicate that Li - induced nephropathy , even when the GFR is only modestly reduced , is associated with proteinuria and arterial systolic hypertension . ### Output Text:
The results indicate that <span class="chemical">Li</span> - induced nephropathy , even when the GFR is only modestly reduced , is associated with proteinuria and arterial systolic hypertension .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In this model of chronic renal failure the decline in GFR is not accompanied by a corresponding fall in effective renal plasma flow , which may be the functional expression of the formation of nonfiltrating atubular glomeruli . ### Output Text:
In this model of chronic renal failure the decline in GFR is not accompanied by a corresponding fall in effective renal plasma flow , which may be the functional expression of the formation of nonfiltrating atubular glomeruli .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The fractional reabsorption of tubular fluid by the proximal tubules is reduced , leaving the distal delivery unchanged . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) ### Output Text:
The fractional reabsorption of tubular fluid by the proximal tubules is reduced , leaving the distal delivery unchanged . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Treatment of Crohn ' s disease with fusidic acid : an antibiotic with immunosuppressive properties similar to cyclosporin . ### Output Text:
Treatment of Crohn ' s disease with <span class="chemical">fusidic acid</span> : an antibiotic with immunosuppressive properties similar to <span class="chemical">cyclosporin</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Fusidic acid is an antibiotic with T - cell specific immunosuppressive effects similar to those of cyclosporin . ### Output Text:
Fusidic acid is an antibiotic with T - cell specific immunosuppressive effects similar to those of <span class="chemical">cyclosporin</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Because of the need for the development of new treatments for Crohn ' s disease , a pilot study was undertaken to estimate the pharmacodynamics and tolerability of fusidic acid treatment in chronic active , therapy - resistant patients . ### Output Text:
Because of the need for the development of new treatments for Crohn ' s disease , a pilot study was undertaken to estimate the pharmacodynamics and tolerability of <span class="chemical">fusidic acid</span> treatment in chronic active , therapy - resistant patients .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Eight Crohn ' s disease patients were included . ### Output Text:
Eight Crohn ' s disease patients were included .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Fusidic acid was administered orally in a dose of 500 mg t . d . s . and the treatment was planned to last 8 weeks . ### Output Text:
<span class="chemical">Fusidic acid</span> was administered orally in a dose of 500 mg t . d . s . and the treatment was planned to last 8 weeks .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The disease activity was primarily measured by a modified individual grading score . ### Output Text:
The disease activity was primarily measured by a modified individual grading score .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Five of 8 patients ( 63 % ) improved during fusidic acid treatment : 3 at two weeks and 2 after four weeks . ### Output Text:
Five of 8 patients ( 63 % ) improved during <span class="chemical">fusidic acid</span> treatment : 3 at two weeks and 2 after four weeks .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: There were no serious clinical side effects , but dose reduction was required in two patients because of nausea . ### Output Text:
There were no serious clinical side effects , but dose reduction was required in two patients because of nausea .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Biochemically , an increase in alkaline phosphatases was noted in 5 of 8 cases ( 63 % ) , and the greatest increases were seen in those who had elevated levels prior to treatment . ### Output Text:
Biochemically , an increase in alkaline phosphatases was noted in 5 of 8 cases ( 63 % ) , and the greatest increases were seen in those who had elevated levels prior to treatment .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: All reversed to pre - treatment levels after cessation of treatment . ### Output Text:
All reversed to pre - treatment levels after cessation of treatment .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The results of this pilot study suggest that fusidic acid may be of benefit in selected chronic active Crohn ' s disease patients in whom conventional treatment is ineffective . ### Output Text:
The results of this pilot study suggest that <span class="chemical">fusidic acid</span> may be of benefit in selected chronic active Crohn ' s disease patients in whom conventional treatment is ineffective .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Because there seems to exist a scientific rationale for the use of fusidic acid at the cytokine level in inflammatory bowel disease , we suggest that the role of this treatment should be further investigated . ### Output Text:
Because there seems to exist a scientific rationale for the use of <span class="chemical">fusidic acid</span> at the cytokine level in inflammatory bowel disease , we suggest that the role of this treatment should be further investigated .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Changes in depressive status associated with topical beta - blockers . ### Output Text:
Changes in depressive status associated with topical beta - blockers .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Depression and sexual dysfunction have been related to side effects of topical beta - blockers . ### Output Text:
Depression and sexual dysfunction have been related to side effects of topical beta - blockers .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: We performed a preliminary study in order to determine any difference between a non selective beta - blocker ( timolol ) and a selective beta - blocker ( betaxolol ) regarding CNS side effects . ### Output Text:
We performed a preliminary study in order to determine any difference between a non selective beta - blocker ( <span class="chemical">timolol</span> ) and a selective beta - blocker ( <span class="chemical">betaxolol</span> ) regarding CNS side effects .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Eight glaucomatous patients chronically treated with timolol 0 . 5 % / 12h , suffering from depression diagnosed through DMS - III - R criteria , were included in the study . ### Output Text:
Eight glaucomatous patients chronically treated with <span class="chemical">timolol</span> 0 . 5 % / 12h , suffering from depression diagnosed through DMS - III - R criteria , were included in the study .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: During the six - month follow up , depression was quantified through the Beck and Zung - Conde scales every two months . ### Output Text:
During the six - month follow up , depression was quantified through the Beck and Zung - Conde scales every two months .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In a double blind cross - over study with control group , the patients under timolol treatment presented higher depression values measured through the Beck and the Zung - Conde scales ( p < 0 . 001 vs control ) . ### Output Text:
In a double blind cross - over study with control group , the patients under <span class="chemical">timolol</span> treatment presented higher depression values measured through the Beck and the Zung - Conde scales ( p < 0 . 001 vs control ) .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: These results suggest that betaxolol could be less of a depression - inducer than timolol in predisposed patients . ### Output Text:
These results suggest that <span class="chemical">betaxolol</span> could be less of a depression - inducer than <span class="chemical">timolol</span> in predisposed patients .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Protection against amphetamine - induced neurotoxicity toward striatal dopamine neurons in rodents by LY274614 , an excitatory amino acid antagonist . ### Output Text:
Protection against <span class="chemical">amphetamine</span> - induced neurotoxicity toward striatal <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> neurons in rodents by <span class="chemical">LY274614</span> , an excitatory <span class="chemical">amino acid</span> antagonist .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: LY274614 , 3SR , 4aRS , 6SR , 8aRS - 6 - [ phosphonomethyl ] decahydr oisoquinoline - 3 - carboxylic acid , has been described as a potent antagonist of the N - methyl - D - aspartate ( NMDA ) subtype of glutamate receptor . ### Output Text:
<span class="chemical">LY274614</span> , <span class="chemical">3SR , 4aRS , 6SR , 8aRS - 6 - [ phosphonomethyl ] decahydr oisoquinoline - 3 - carboxylic acid</span> , has been described as a potent antagonist of the <span class="chemical">N - methyl - D - aspartate</span> ( <span class="chemical">NMDA</span> ) subtype of <span class="chemical">glutamate</span> receptor .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Here its ability to antagonize the prolonged depletion of dopamine in the striatum by amphetamine in iprindole - treated rats is reported . ### Output Text:
Here its ability to antagonize the prolonged depletion of <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> in the striatum by <span class="chemical">amphetamine</span> in <span class="chemical">iprindole</span> - treated rats is reported .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: A single 18 . 4 mg / kg ( i . p . ) dose of ( + / - ) - amphetamine hemisulfate , given to rats pretreated with iprindole , resulted in persistent depletion of dopamine in the striatum 1 week later . ### Output Text:
A single 18 . 4 mg / kg ( i . p . ) dose of ( + / - ) - <span class="chemical">amphetamine</span> hemisulfate , given to rats pretreated with <span class="chemical">iprindole</span> , resulted in persistent depletion of <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> in the striatum 1 week later .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: This prolonged depletion of dopamine in the striatum was antagonized by dizocilpine ( MK - 801 , a non - competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors ) or by LY274614 ( a competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors ) . ### Output Text:
This prolonged depletion of <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> in the striatum was antagonized by <span class="chemical">dizocilpine</span> ( <span class="chemical">MK - 801</span> , a non - competitive antagonist of <span class="chemical">NMDA</span> receptors ) or by <span class="chemical">LY274614</span> ( a competitive antagonist of <span class="chemical">NMDA</span> receptors ) .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The protective effect of LY274614 was dose - dependent , being maximum at 10 - 40 mgkg ( i . p . ) . ### Output Text:
The protective effect of <span class="chemical">LY274614</span> was dose - dependent , being maximum at 10 - 40 mgkg ( i . p . ) .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: A 10 mg / kg dose of LY274614 was effective in antagonizing the depletion of dopamine in the striatum , when given as long as 8 hr prior to amphetamine but not when given 24 hr prior to amphetamine . ### Output Text:
A 10 mg / kg dose of <span class="chemical">LY274614</span> was effective in antagonizing the depletion of <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> in the striatum , when given as long as 8 hr prior to <span class="chemical">amphetamine</span> but not when given 24 hr prior to <span class="chemical">amphetamine</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Depletion of dopamine in the striatum was also antagonized when LY274614 was given after the injection of amphetamine ; LY274614 protected when given up to 4 hr after but not when given 8 or 24 hr after amphetamine . ### Output Text:
Depletion of <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> in the striatum was also antagonized when <span class="chemical">LY274614</span> was given after the injection of <span class="chemical">amphetamine</span> ; <span class="chemical">LY274614</span> protected when given up to 4 hr after but not when given 8 or 24 hr after <span class="chemical">amphetamine</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The prolonged depletion of dopamine in the striatum in mice , given multiple injections of methamphetamine , was also antagonized dose - dependently and completely by LY274614 . ### Output Text:
The prolonged depletion of <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> in the striatum in mice , given multiple injections of <span class="chemical">methamphetamine</span> , was also antagonized dose - dependently and completely by <span class="chemical">LY274614</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The data strengthen the evidence that the neurotoxic effect of amphetamine and related compounds toward nigrostriatal dopamine neurons involves NMDA receptors and that LY274614 is an NMDA receptor antagonist with long - lasting in vivo effects in rats . ### Output Text:
The data strengthen the evidence that the neurotoxic effect of <span class="chemical">amphetamine</span> and related compounds toward nigrostriatal <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> neurons involves <span class="chemical">NMDA</span> receptors and that <span class="chemical">LY274614</span> is an <span class="chemical">NMDA</span> receptor antagonist with long - lasting in vivo effects in rats .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Ketoconazole - induced neurologic sequelae . ### Output Text:
<span class="chemical">Ketoconazole</span> - induced neurologic sequelae .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: A 77 - y - old patient developed weakness of extremities , legs paralysis , dysarthria and tremor 1 h after ingestion of 200 mg ketoconazole for the first time in his life . ### Output Text:
A 77 - y - old patient developed weakness of extremities , legs paralysis , dysarthria and tremor 1 h after ingestion of 200 mg <span class="chemical">ketoconazole</span> for the first time in his life .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: All complaints faded away within 24 h . ### Output Text:
All complaints faded away within 24 h .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Few days later , the patient used another 200 mg ketoconazole tablet , and within an hour experienced a similar clinical picture , which resolved again spontaneously within hours . ### Output Text:
Few days later , the patient used another 200 mg <span class="chemical">ketoconazole</span> tablet , and within an hour experienced a similar clinical picture , which resolved again spontaneously within hours .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Laboratory evaluations , including head CT scan , were normal . ### Output Text:
Laboratory evaluations , including head CT scan , were normal .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: This case illustrates the need for close vigilance in adverse drug reactions , particularly in the elderly . ### Output Text:
This case illustrates the need for close vigilance in adverse drug reactions , particularly in the elderly .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Development of levodopa - induced dyskinesias in parkinsonian monkeys may depend upon rate of symptom onset and / or duration of symptoms . ### Output Text:
Development of <span class="chemical">levodopa</span> - induced dyskinesias in parkinsonian monkeys may depend upon rate of symptom onset and / or duration of symptoms .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Levodopa - induced dyskinesias ( LIDs ) present a major problem for the long - term management of Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) patients . ### Output Text:
<span class="chemical">Levodopa</span> - induced dyskinesias ( LIDs ) present a major problem for the long - term management of Parkinson ' s disease ( PD ) patients .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Due to the interdependence of risk factors in clinical populations , it is difficult to independently examine factors that may influence the development of LIDs . ### Output Text:
Due to the interdependence of risk factors in clinical populations , it is difficult to independently examine factors that may influence the development of LIDs .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Using macaque monkeys with different types of MPTP - induced parkinsonism , the current study evaluated the degree to which rate of symptom progression , symptom severity , and response to and duration of levodopa therapy may be involved in the development of LIDs . ### Output Text:
Using macaque monkeys with different types of <span class="chemical">MPTP</span> - induced parkinsonism , the current study evaluated the degree to which rate of symptom progression , symptom severity , and response to and duration of <span class="chemical">levodopa</span> therapy may be involved in the development of LIDs .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Monkeys with acute ( short - term ) MPTP exposure , rapid symptom onset and short symptom duration prior to initiation of levodopa therapy developed dyskinesia between 11 and 24 days of daily levodopa administration . ### Output Text:
Monkeys with acute ( short - term ) <span class="chemical">MPTP</span> exposure , rapid symptom onset and short symptom duration prior to initiation of <span class="chemical">levodopa</span> therapy developed dyskinesia between 11 and 24 days of daily <span class="chemical">levodopa</span> administration .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In contrast , monkeys with long - term MPTP exposure , slow symptom progression and / or long symptom duration prior to initiation of levodopa therapy were more resistant to developing LIDs ( e . g . , dyskinesia developed no sooner than 146 days of chronic levodopa administration ) . ### Output Text:
In contrast , monkeys with long - term <span class="chemical">MPTP</span> exposure , slow symptom progression and / or long symptom duration prior to initiation of <span class="chemical">levodopa</span> therapy were more resistant to developing LIDs ( e . g . , dyskinesia developed no sooner than 146 days of chronic <span class="chemical">levodopa</span> administration ) .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: All animals were similarly symptomatic at the start of levodopa treatment and had similar therapeutic responses to the drug . ### Output Text:
All animals were similarly symptomatic at the start of <span class="chemical">levodopa</span> treatment and had similar therapeutic responses to the drug .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: These data suggest distinct differences in the propensity to develop LIDs in monkeys with different rates of symptom progression or symptom durations prior to levodopa and demonstrate the value of these models for further studying the pathophysiology of LIDs . ### Output Text:
These data suggest distinct differences in the propensity to develop LIDs in monkeys with different rates of symptom progression or symptom durations prior to <span class="chemical">levodopa</span> and demonstrate the value of these models for further studying the pathophysiology of LIDs .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: A diet promoting sugar dependency causes behavioral cross - sensitization to a low dose of amphetamine . ### Output Text:
A diet promoting sugar dependency causes behavioral cross - sensitization to a low dose of <span class="chemical">amphetamine</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Previous research in this laboratory has shown that a diet of intermittent excessive sugar consumption produces a state with neurochemical and behavioral similarities to drug dependency . ### Output Text:
Previous research in this laboratory has shown that a diet of intermittent excessive sugar consumption produces a state with neurochemical and behavioral similarities to drug dependency .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The present study examined whether female rats on various regimens of sugar access would show behavioral cross - sensitization to a low dose of amphetamine . ### Output Text:
The present study examined whether female rats on various regimens of sugar access would show behavioral cross - sensitization to a low dose of <span class="chemical">amphetamine</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: After a 30 - min baseline measure of locomotor activity ( day 0 ) , animals were maintained on a cyclic diet of 12 - h deprivation followed by 12 - h access to 10 % sucrose solution and chow pellets ( 12 h access starting 4 h after onset of the dark period ) for 21 days . ### Output Text:
After a 30 - min baseline measure of locomotor activity ( day 0 ) , animals were maintained on a cyclic diet of 12 - h deprivation followed by 12 - h access to 10 % <span class="chemical">sucrose</span> solution and chow pellets ( 12 h access starting 4 h after onset of the dark period ) for 21 days .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Locomotor activity was measured again for 30 min at the beginning of days 1 and 21 of sugar access . ### Output Text:
Locomotor activity was measured again for 30 min at the beginning of days 1 and 21 of sugar access .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Beginning on day 22 , all rats were maintained on ad libitum chow . ### Output Text:
Beginning on day 22 , all rats were maintained on ad libitum chow .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Nine days later locomotor activity was measured in response to a single low dose of amphetamine ( 0 . 5 mg / kg ) . ### Output Text:
Nine days later locomotor activity was measured in response to a single low dose of <span class="chemical">amphetamine</span> ( 0 . 5 mg / kg ) .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The animals that had experienced cyclic sucrose and chow were hyperactive in response to amphetamine compared with four control groups ( ad libitum 10 % sucrose and chow followed by amphetamine injection , cyclic chow followed by amphetamine injection , ad libitum chow with amphetamine , or cyclic 10 % sucrose and chow with a saline injection ) . ### Output Text:
The animals that had experienced cyclic <span class="chemical">sucrose</span> and chow were hyperactive in response to <span class="chemical">amphetamine</span> compared with four control groups ( ad libitum 10 % <span class="chemical">sucrose</span> and chow followed by <span class="chemical">amphetamine</span> injection , cyclic chow followed by <span class="chemical">amphetamine</span> injection , ad libitum chow with <span class="chemical">amphetamine</span> , or cyclic 10 % <span class="chemical">sucrose</span> and chow with a saline injection ) .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: These results suggest that a diet comprised of alternating deprivation and access to a sugar solution and chow produces bingeing on sugar that leads to a long lasting state of increased sensitivity to amphetamine , possibly due to a lasting alteration in the dopamine system . ### Output Text:
These results suggest that a diet comprised of alternating deprivation and access to a sugar solution and chow produces bingeing on sugar that leads to a long lasting state of increased sensitivity to <span class="chemical">amphetamine</span> , possibly due to a lasting alteration in the <span class="chemical">dopamine</span> system .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Reversible dilated cardiomyopathy related to amphotericin B therapy . ### Output Text:
Reversible dilated cardiomyopathy related to <span class="chemical">amphotericin B</span> therapy .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: We describe a patient who developed dilated cardiomyopathy and clinical congestive heart failure after 2 months of therapy with amphotericin B ( AmB ) for disseminated coccidioidomycosis . ### Output Text:
We describe a patient who developed dilated cardiomyopathy and clinical congestive heart failure after 2 months of therapy with <span class="chemical">amphotericin B</span> ( <span class="chemical">AmB</span> ) for disseminated coccidioidomycosis .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: His echocardiographic abnormalities and heart failure resolved after posaconazole was substituted for AmB . ### Output Text:
His echocardiographic abnormalities and heart failure resolved after <span class="chemical">posaconazole</span> was substituted for <span class="chemical">AmB</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: It is important to recognize the rare and potentially reversible toxicity of AmB . ### Output Text:
It is important to recognize the rare and potentially reversible toxicity of <span class="chemical">AmB</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: NO - induced migraine attack : strong increase in plasma calcitonin gene - related peptide ( CGRP ) concentration and negative correlation with platelet serotonin release . ### Output Text:
<span class="chemical">NO</span> - induced migraine attack : strong increase in plasma <span class="chemical">calcitonin gene - related peptide</span> ( <span class="chemical">CGRP</span> ) concentration and negative correlation with platelet <span class="chemical">serotonin</span> release .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the plasma calcitonin gene - related peptide ( CGRP ) concentration and platelet serotonin ( 5 - hydroxytriptamine , 5 - HT ) content during the immediate headache and the delayed genuine migraine attack provoked by nitroglycerin . ### Output Text:
The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the plasma <span class="chemical">calcitonin gene - related peptide</span> ( <span class="chemical">CGRP</span> ) concentration and platelet <span class="chemical">serotonin</span> ( <span class="chemical">5 - hydroxytriptamine</span> , <span class="chemical">5 - HT</span> ) content during the immediate headache and the delayed genuine migraine attack provoked by <span class="chemical">nitroglycerin</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Fifteen female migraineurs ( without aura ) and eight controls participated in the study . ### Output Text:
Fifteen female migraineurs ( without aura ) and eight controls participated in the study .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Sublingual nitroglycerin ( 0 . 5 mg ) was administered . ### Output Text:
Sublingual <span class="chemical">nitroglycerin</span> ( 0 . 5 mg ) was administered .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Blood was collected from the antecubital vein four times : 60 min before and after the nitroglycerin application , and 60 and 120 min after the beginning of the migraine attack ( mean 344 and 404 min ; 12 subjects ) . ### Output Text:
Blood was collected from the antecubital vein four times : 60 min before and after the <span class="chemical">nitroglycerin</span> application , and 60 and 120 min after the beginning of the migraine attack ( mean 344 and 404 min ; 12 subjects ) .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In those subjects who had no migraine attack ( 11 subjects ) a similar time schedule was used . ### Output Text:
In those subjects who had no migraine attack ( 11 subjects ) a similar time schedule was used .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Plasma CGRP concentration increased significantly ( P < 0 . 01 ) during the migraine attack and returned to baseline after the cessation of the migraine . ### Output Text:
Plasma <span class="chemical">CGRP</span> concentration increased significantly ( P < 0 . 01 ) during the migraine attack and returned to baseline after the cessation of the migraine .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In addition , both change and peak , showed significant positive correlations with migraine headache intensity ( P < 0 . 001 ) . ### Output Text:
In addition , both change and peak , showed significant positive correlations with migraine headache intensity ( P < 0 . 001 ) .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: However , plasma CGRP concentrations failed to change during immediate headache and in the subjects with no migraine attack . ### Output Text:
However , plasma <span class="chemical">CGRP</span> concentrations failed to change during immediate headache and in the subjects with no migraine attack .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Basal CGRP concentration was significantly higher and platelet 5 - HT content tended to be lower in subjects who experienced a migraine attack . ### Output Text:
Basal <span class="chemical">CGRP</span> concentration was significantly higher and platelet <span class="chemical">5 - HT</span> content tended to be lower in subjects who experienced a migraine attack .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Platelet serotonin content decreased significantly ( P < 0 . 01 ) after nitroglycerin in subjects with no migraine attack but no consistent change was observed in patients with migraine attack . ### Output Text:
Platelet <span class="chemical">serotonin</span> content decreased significantly ( P < 0 . 01 ) after <span class="chemical">nitroglycerin</span> in subjects with no migraine attack but no consistent change was observed in patients with migraine attack .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In conclusion , the fact that plasma CGRP concentration correlates with the timing and severity of a migraine headache suggests a direct relationship between CGRP and migraine . ### Output Text:
In conclusion , the fact that plasma <span class="chemical">CGRP</span> concentration correlates with the timing and severity of a migraine headache suggests a direct relationship between <span class="chemical">CGRP</span> and migraine .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In contrast , serotonin release from platelets does not provoke migraine , it may even counteract the headache and the concomitant CGRP release in this model . ### Output Text:
In contrast , <span class="chemical">serotonin</span> release from platelets does not provoke migraine , it may even counteract the headache and the concomitant <span class="chemical">CGRP</span> release in this model .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for control of intractable cyclophosphamide - induced hemorrhagic cystitis . ### Output Text:
Hyperbaric <span class="chemical">oxygen</span> therapy for control of intractable <span class="chemical">cyclophosphamide</span> - induced hemorrhagic cystitis .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: We report a case of intractable hemorrhagic cystitis due to cyclophosphamide therapy for Wegener ' s granulomatosis . ### Output Text:
We report a case of intractable hemorrhagic cystitis due to <span class="chemical">cyclophosphamide</span> therapy for Wegener ' s granulomatosis .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Conservative treatment , including bladder irrigation with physiological saline and instillation of prostaglandin F2 alpha , failed to totally control hemorrhage . ### Output Text:
Conservative treatment , including bladder irrigation with physiological saline and instillation of <span class="chemical">prostaglandin F2 alpha</span> , failed to totally control hemorrhage .