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clinicalnlplab
/
BC5CDR_chemical_train

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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: We then used hyperbaric oxygen at an absolute pressure of 2 atm , 5 days a week for 8 consecutive weeks . ### Output Text:
We then used hyperbaric <span class="chemical">oxygen</span> at an absolute pressure of 2 atm , 5 days a week for 8 consecutive weeks .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The bleeding ceased completely by the end of treatment and the patient remained free of hematuria thereafter . ### Output Text:
The bleeding ceased completely by the end of treatment and the patient remained free of hematuria thereafter .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: No side effect was noted during the course of therapy . ### Output Text:
No side effect was noted during the course of therapy .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In future , this form of therapy can offer a safe alternative in the treatment of cyclophosphamide - induced hemorrhagic cystitis . ### Output Text:
In future , this form of therapy can offer a safe alternative in the treatment of <span class="chemical">cyclophosphamide</span> - induced hemorrhagic cystitis .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Acute psychosis due to treatment with phenytoin in a nonepileptic patient . ### Output Text:
Acute psychosis due to treatment with <span class="chemical">phenytoin</span> in a nonepileptic patient .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The development of psychosis related to antiepileptic drug treatment is usually attributed to the interaction between the epileptic brain substratum and the antiepileptic drugs . ### Output Text:
The development of psychosis related to antiepileptic drug treatment is usually attributed to the interaction between the epileptic brain substratum and the antiepileptic drugs .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The case of a nonepileptic patient who developed psychosis following phenytoin treatment for trigeminal neuralgia is described . ### Output Text:
The case of a nonepileptic patient who developed psychosis following <span class="chemical">phenytoin</span> treatment for trigeminal neuralgia is described .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: This case suggests that the psychotic symptoms that occur following phenytoin treatment in some epileptic patients may be the direct result of medication , unrelated to seizures . ### Output Text:
This case suggests that the psychotic symptoms that occur following <span class="chemical">phenytoin</span> treatment in some epileptic patients may be the direct result of medication , unrelated to seizures .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Risks of the consumption of beverages containing quinine . ### Output Text:
Risks of the consumption of beverages containing <span class="chemical">quinine</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Although the United States Food and Drug Administration banned its use for nocturnal leg cramps due to lack of safety and efficacy , quinine is widely available in beverages including tonic water and bitter lemon . ### Output Text:
Although the United States Food and Drug Administration banned its use for nocturnal leg cramps due to lack of safety and efficacy , <span class="chemical">quinine</span> is widely available in beverages including tonic water and bitter lemon .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Numerous anecdotal reports suggest that products containing quinine may produce neurological complications , including confusion , altered mental status , seizures , and coma , particularly in older women . ### Output Text:
Numerous anecdotal reports suggest that products containing <span class="chemical">quinine</span> may produce neurological complications , including confusion , altered mental status , seizures , and coma , particularly in older women .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Psychologists need to inquire about consumption of quinine - containing beverages as part of an evaluation process . ### Output Text:
Psychologists need to inquire about consumption of <span class="chemical">quinine</span> - containing beverages as part of an evaluation process .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Transient platypnea - orthodeoxia - like syndrome induced by propafenone overdose in a young woman with Ebstein ' s anomaly . ### Output Text:
Transient platypnea - orthodeoxia - like syndrome induced by <span class="chemical">propafenone</span> overdose in a young woman with Ebstein ' s anomaly .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In this report we describe the case of a 37 - year - old white woman with Ebstein ' s anomaly , who developed a rare syndrome called platypnea - orthodeoxia , characterized by massive right - to - left interatrial shunting with transient profound hypoxia and cyanosis . ### Output Text:
In this report we describe the case of a 37 - year - old white woman with Ebstein ' s anomaly , who developed a rare syndrome called platypnea - orthodeoxia , characterized by massive right - to - left interatrial shunting with transient profound hypoxia and cyanosis .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: This shunt of blood via a patent foramen ovale occurred in the presence of a normal pulmonary artery pressure , and was probably precipitated by a propafenone overdose . ### Output Text:
This shunt of blood via a patent foramen ovale occurred in the presence of a normal pulmonary artery pressure , and was probably precipitated by a <span class="chemical">propafenone</span> overdose .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: This drug caused biventricular dysfunction , due to its negative inotropic effect , and hypotension , due to its peripheral vasodilatory effect . ### Output Text:
This drug caused biventricular dysfunction , due to its negative inotropic effect , and hypotension , due to its peripheral vasodilatory effect .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: These effects gave rise to an increase in the right atrial pressure and a decrease in the left one with a consequent stretching of the foramen ovale and the creation of massive right - to - left shunting . ### Output Text:
These effects gave rise to an increase in the right atrial pressure and a decrease in the left one with a consequent stretching of the foramen ovale and the creation of massive right - to - left shunting .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In our case this interatrial shunt was very accurately detected at bubble contrast echocardiography . ### Output Text:
In our case this interatrial shunt was very accurately detected at bubble contrast echocardiography .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Noxious chemical stimulation of rat facial mucosa increases intracranial blood flow through a trigemino - parasympathetic reflex - - an experimental model for vascular dysfunctions in cluster headache . ### Output Text:
Noxious chemical stimulation of rat facial mucosa increases intracranial blood flow through a trigemino - parasympathetic reflex - - an experimental model for vascular dysfunctions in cluster headache .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Cluster headache is characterized by typical autonomic dysfunctions including facial and intracranial vascular disturbances . ### Output Text:
Cluster headache is characterized by typical autonomic dysfunctions including facial and intracranial vascular disturbances .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Both the trigeminal and the cranial parasympathetic systems may be involved in mediating these dysfunctions . ### Output Text:
Both the trigeminal and the cranial parasympathetic systems may be involved in mediating these dysfunctions .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: An experimental model was developed in the rat to measure changes in lacrimation and intracranial blood flow following noxious chemical stimulation of facial mucosa . ### Output Text:
An experimental model was developed in the rat to measure changes in lacrimation and intracranial blood flow following noxious chemical stimulation of facial mucosa .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Blood flow was monitored in arteries of the exposed cranial dura mater and the parietal cortex using laser Doppler flowmetry . ### Output Text:
Blood flow was monitored in arteries of the exposed cranial dura mater and the parietal cortex using laser Doppler flowmetry .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Capsaicin ( 0 . 01 - 1 mm ) applied to oral or nasal mucosa induced increases in dural and cortical blood flow and provoked lacrimation . ### Output Text:
<span class="chemical">Capsaicin</span> ( 0 . 01 - 1 mm ) applied to oral or nasal mucosa induced increases in dural and cortical blood flow and provoked lacrimation .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: These responses were blocked by systemic pre - administration of hexamethonium chloride ( 20 mg / kg ) . ### Output Text:
These responses were blocked by systemic pre - administration of <span class="chemical">hexamethonium chloride</span> ( 20 mg / kg ) .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The evoked increases in dural blood flow were also abolished by topical pre - administration of atropine ( 1 mm ) and [ Lys1 , Pro2 , 5 , Arg3 , 4 , Tyr6 ] - VIP ( 0 . 1 mm ) , a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( VIP ) antagonist , onto the exposed dura mater . ### Output Text:
The evoked increases in dural blood flow were also abolished by topical pre - administration of <span class="chemical">atropine</span> ( 1 mm ) and [ Lys1 , Pro2 , 5 , Arg3 , 4 , Tyr6 ] - VIP ( 0 . 1 mm ) , a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( VIP ) antagonist , onto the exposed dura mater .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: We conclude that noxious stimulation of facial mucosa increases intracranial blood flow and lacrimation via a trigemino - parasympathetic reflex . ### Output Text:
We conclude that noxious stimulation of facial mucosa increases intracranial blood flow and lacrimation via a trigemino - parasympathetic reflex .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The blood flow responses seem to be mediated by the release of acetylcholine and VIP within the meninges . ### Output Text:
The blood flow responses seem to be mediated by the release of <span class="chemical">acetylcholine</span> and VIP within the meninges .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Similar mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of cluster headache . ### Output Text:
Similar mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of cluster headache .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Organophosphate - induced convulsions and prevention of neuropathological damages . ### Output Text:
<span class="chemical">Organophosphate</span> - induced convulsions and prevention of neuropathological damages .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Such organophosphorus ( OP ) compounds as diisopropylfluorophosphate ( DFP ) , sarin and soman are potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterases ( AChEs ) and butyrylcholinesterases ( BChEs ) . ### Output Text:
Such <span class="chemical">organophosphorus</span> ( <span class="chemical">OP</span> ) compounds as <span class="chemical">diisopropylfluorophosphate</span> ( <span class="chemical">DFP</span> ) , <span class="chemical">sarin</span> and <span class="chemical">soman</span> are potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterases ( AChEs ) and butyrylcholinesterases ( BChEs ) .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The acute toxicity of OPs is the result of their irreversible binding with AChEs in the central nervous system ( CNS ) , which elevates acetylcholine ( ACh ) levels . ### Output Text:
The acute toxicity of <span class="chemical">OPs</span> is the result of their irreversible binding with AChEs in the central nervous system ( CNS ) , which elevates <span class="chemical">acetylcholine</span> ( <span class="chemical">ACh</span> ) levels .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The protective action of subcutaneously ( SC ) administered antidotes or their combinations in DFP ( 2 . 0 mg / kg BW ) intoxication was studied in 9 - 10 - weeks - old Han - Wistar male rats . ### Output Text:
The protective action of subcutaneously ( SC ) administered antidotes or their combinations in <span class="chemical">DFP</span> ( 2 . 0 mg / kg BW ) intoxication was studied in 9 - 10 - weeks - old Han - Wistar male rats .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The rats received AChE reactivator pralidoxime - 2 - chloride ( 2PAM ) ( 30 . 0 mg / kg BW ) , anticonvulsant diazepam ( 2 . 0 mg / kg BW ) , A ( 1 ) - adenosine receptor agonist N ( 6 ) - cyclopentyl adenosine ( CPA ) ( 2 . 0 mg / kg BW ) , NMDA - receptor antagonist dizocilpine maleate ( + - MK801 hydrogen maleate ) ( 2 . 0 mg / kg BW ) or their combinations with cholinolytic drug atropine sulfate ( 50 . 0 mg / kg BW ) immediately or 30 min after the single SC injection of DFP . ### Output Text:
The rats received AChE reactivator <span class="chemical">pralidoxime - 2 - chloride</span> ( <span class="chemical">2PAM</span> ) ( 30 . 0 mg / kg BW ) , anticonvulsant <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> ( 2 . 0 mg / kg BW ) , A ( 1 ) - <span class="chemical">adenosine</span> receptor agonist <span class="chemical">N ( 6 ) - cyclopentyl adenosine</span> ( <span class="chemical">CPA</span> ) ( 2 . 0 mg / kg BW ) , <span class="chemical">NMDA</span> - receptor antagonist <span class="chemical">dizocilpine maleate</span> ( + - MK801 hydrogen maleate ) ( 2 . 0 mg / kg BW ) or their combinations with cholinolytic drug <span class="chemical">atropine sulfate</span> ( 50 . 0 mg / kg BW ) immediately or 30 min after the single SC injection of <span class="chemical">DFP</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The control rats received atropine sulfate , but also saline and olive oil instead of other antidotes and DFP , respectively . ### Output Text:
The control rats received <span class="chemical">atropine sulfate</span> , but also saline and olive oil instead of other antidotes and <span class="chemical">DFP</span> , respectively .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: All rats were terminated either 24 h or 3 weeks after the DFP injection . ### Output Text:
All rats were terminated either 24 h or 3 weeks after the <span class="chemical">DFP</span> injection .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The rats treated with DFP - atropine showed severe typical OP - induced toxicity signs . ### Output Text:
The rats treated with <span class="chemical">DFP</span> - <span class="chemical">atropine</span> showed severe typical <span class="chemical">OP</span> - induced toxicity signs .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: When CPA , diazepam or 2PAM was given immediately after DFP - atropine , these treatments prevented , delayed or shortened the occurrence of serious signs of poisoning . ### Output Text:
When <span class="chemical">CPA</span> , <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> or <span class="chemical">2PAM</span> was given immediately after <span class="chemical">DFP</span> - <span class="chemical">atropine</span> , these treatments prevented , delayed or shortened the occurrence of serious signs of poisoning .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Atropine - MK801 did not offer any additional protection against DFP toxicity . ### Output Text:
<span class="chemical">Atropine</span> - <span class="chemical">MK801</span> did not offer any additional protection against <span class="chemical">DFP</span> toxicity .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In conclusion , CPA , diazepam and 2PAM in combination with atropine prevented the occurrence of serious signs of poisoning and thus reduced the toxicity of DFP in rat . ### Output Text:
In conclusion , <span class="chemical">CPA</span> , <span class="chemical">diazepam</span> and <span class="chemical">2PAM</span> in combination with <span class="chemical">atropine</span> prevented the occurrence of serious signs of poisoning and thus reduced the toxicity of <span class="chemical">DFP</span> in rat .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: A pyridoxine - dependent behavioral disorder unmasked by isoniazid . ### Output Text:
A <span class="chemical">pyridoxine</span> - dependent behavioral disorder unmasked by <span class="chemical">isoniazid</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: A 3 - year - old girl had behavioral deterioration , with hyperkinesis , irritability , and sleeping difficulties after the therapeutic administration of isoniazid . ### Output Text:
A 3 - year - old girl had behavioral deterioration , with hyperkinesis , irritability , and sleeping difficulties after the therapeutic administration of <span class="chemical">isoniazid</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The administration of pharmacologic doses of pyridoxine hydrochloride led to a disappearance of symptoms . ### Output Text:
The administration of pharmacologic doses of <span class="chemical">pyridoxine hydrochloride</span> led to a disappearance of symptoms .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: After discontinuing isoniazid therapy a similar pattern of behavior was noted that was controlled by pyridoxine . ### Output Text:
After discontinuing <span class="chemical">isoniazid</span> therapy a similar pattern of behavior was noted that was controlled by <span class="chemical">pyridoxine</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: A placebo had no effect , but niacinamide was as effective as pyridoxine . ### Output Text:
A placebo had no effect , but <span class="chemical">niacinamide</span> was as effective as <span class="chemical">pyridoxine</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Periodic withdrawal of pyridoxine was associated with return of the hyperkinesis . ### Output Text:
Periodic withdrawal of <span class="chemical">pyridoxine</span> was associated with return of the hyperkinesis .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The level of pyridoxal in the blood was normal during the periods of relapse . ### Output Text:
The level of <span class="chemical">pyridoxal</span> in the blood was normal during the periods of relapse .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Metabolic studies suggested a block in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism . ### Output Text:
Metabolic studies suggested a block in the <span class="chemical">kynurenine</span> pathway of <span class="chemical">tryptophan</span> metabolism .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The patient has been followed for six years and has required pharmacologic doses of pyridoxine to control her behavior . ### Output Text:
The patient has been followed for six years and has required pharmacologic doses of <span class="chemical">pyridoxine</span> to control her behavior .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Recurrent excitation in the dentate gyrus of a murine model of temporal lobe epilepsy . ### Output Text:
Recurrent excitation in the dentate gyrus of a murine model of temporal lobe epilepsy .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Similar to rats , systemic pilocarpine injection causes status epilepticus ( SE ) and the eventual development of spontaneous seizures and mossy fiber sprouting in C57BL / 6 and CD1 mice , but the physiological correlates of these events have not been identified in mice . ### Output Text:
Similar to rats , systemic <span class="chemical">pilocarpine</span> injection causes status epilepticus ( SE ) and the eventual development of spontaneous seizures and mossy fiber sprouting in C57BL / 6 and CD1 mice , but the physiological correlates of these events have not been identified in mice .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Population responses in granule cells of the dentate gyrus were examined in transverse slices of the ventral hippocampus from pilocarpine - treated and untreated mice . ### Output Text:
Population responses in granule cells of the dentate gyrus were examined in transverse slices of the ventral hippocampus from <span class="chemical">pilocarpine</span> - treated and untreated mice .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In Mg ( 2 + ) - free bathing medium containing bicuculline , conditions designed to increase excitability in the slices , electrical stimulation of the hilus resulted in a single population spike in granule cells from control mice and pilocarpine - treated mice that did not experience SE . ### Output Text:
In <span class="chemical">Mg</span> ( 2 + ) - free bathing medium containing <span class="chemical">bicuculline</span> , conditions designed to increase excitability in the slices , electrical stimulation of the hilus resulted in a single population spike in granule cells from control mice and <span class="chemical">pilocarpine</span> - treated mice that did not experience SE .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In SE survivors , similar stimulation resulted in a population spike followed , at a variable latency , by negative DC shifts and repetitive afterdischarges of 3 - 60 s duration , which were blocked by ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists . ### Output Text:
In SE survivors , similar stimulation resulted in a population spike followed , at a variable latency , by negative DC shifts and repetitive afterdischarges of 3 - 60 s duration , which were blocked by ionotropic <span class="chemical">glutamate</span> receptor antagonists .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Focal glutamate photostimulation of the granule cell layer at sites distant from the recording pipette resulted in population responses of 1 - 30 s duration in slices from SE survivors but not other groups . ### Output Text:
Focal <span class="chemical">glutamate</span> photostimulation of the granule cell layer at sites distant from the recording pipette resulted in population responses of 1 - 30 s duration in slices from SE survivors but not other groups .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: These data support the hypothesis that SE - induced mossy fiber sprouting and synaptic reorganization are relevant characteristics of seizure development in these murine strains , resembling rat models of human temporal lobe epilepsy . ### Output Text:
These data support the hypothesis that SE - induced mossy fiber sprouting and synaptic reorganization are relevant characteristics of seizure development in these murine strains , resembling rat models of human temporal lobe epilepsy .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Urinary bladder cancer in Wegener ' s granulomatosis : risks and relation to cyclophosphamide . ### Output Text:
Urinary bladder cancer in Wegener ' s granulomatosis : risks and relation to <span class="chemical">cyclophosphamide</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: OBJECTIVE : To assess and characterise the risk of bladder cancer , and its relation to cyclophosphamide , in patients with Wegener ' s granulomatosis . ### Output Text:
OBJECTIVE : To assess and characterise the risk of bladder cancer , and its relation to <span class="chemical">cyclophosphamide</span> , in patients with Wegener ' s granulomatosis .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: METHODS : In the population based , nationwide Swedish Inpatient Register a cohort of 1065 patients with Wegener ' s granulomatosis , 1969 - 95 , was identified . ### Output Text:
METHODS : In the population based , nationwide Swedish Inpatient Register a cohort of 1065 patients with Wegener ' s granulomatosis , 1969 - 95 , was identified .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Through linkage with the Swedish Cancer Register , all subjects in this cohort diagnosed with bladder cancer were identified . ### Output Text:
Through linkage with the Swedish Cancer Register , all subjects in this cohort diagnosed with bladder cancer were identified .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Nested within the cohort , a matched case - control study was performed to estimate the association between cyclophosphamide and bladder cancer using odds ratios ( ORs ) as relative risk . ### Output Text:
Nested within the cohort , a matched case - control study was performed to estimate the association between <span class="chemical">cyclophosphamide</span> and bladder cancer using odds ratios ( ORs ) as relative risk .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In the cohort the cumulative risk of bladder cancer after Wegener ' s granulomatosis , and the relative prevalence of a history of bladder cancer at the time of diagnosis of Wegener ' s granulomatosis , were also estimated . ### Output Text:
In the cohort the cumulative risk of bladder cancer after Wegener ' s granulomatosis , and the relative prevalence of a history of bladder cancer at the time of diagnosis of Wegener ' s granulomatosis , were also estimated .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: RESULTS : The median cumulative doses of cyclophosphamide among cases ( n = 11 ) and controls ( n = 25 ) were 113 g and 25 g , respectively . ### Output Text:
RESULTS : The median cumulative doses of <span class="chemical">cyclophosphamide</span> among cases ( n = 11 ) and controls ( n = 25 ) were 113 g and 25 g , respectively .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The risk of bladder cancer doubled for every 10 g increment in cyclophosphamide ( OR = 2 . 0 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0 . 8 to 4 . 9 ) . ### Output Text:
The risk of bladder cancer doubled for every 10 g increment in <span class="chemical">cyclophosphamide</span> ( OR = 2 . 0 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0 . 8 to 4 . 9 ) .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Treatment duration longer than 1 year was associated with an eightfold increased risk ( OR = 7 . 7 , 95 % CI 0 . 9 to 69 ) . ### Output Text:
Treatment duration longer than 1 year was associated with an eightfold increased risk ( OR = 7 . 7 , 95 % CI 0 . 9 to 69 ) .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The absolute risk for bladder cancer in the cohort reached 10 % 16 years after diagnosis of Wegener ' s granulomatosis , and a history of bladder cancer was ( non - significantly ) twice as common as expected at the time of diagnosis of Wegener ' s granulomatosis . ### Output Text:
The absolute risk for bladder cancer in the cohort reached 10 % 16 years after diagnosis of Wegener ' s granulomatosis , and a history of bladder cancer was ( non - significantly ) twice as common as expected at the time of diagnosis of Wegener ' s granulomatosis .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: CONCLUSION : The results indicate a dose - response relationship between cyclophosphamide and the risk of bladder cancer , high cumulative risks in the entire cohort , and also the possibility of risk factors operating even before Wegener ' s granulomatosis . ### Output Text:
CONCLUSION : The results indicate a dose - response relationship between <span class="chemical">cyclophosphamide</span> and the risk of bladder cancer , high cumulative risks in the entire cohort , and also the possibility of risk factors operating even before Wegener ' s granulomatosis .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Differential modulation by estrogen of alpha2 - adrenergic and I1 - imidazoline receptor - mediated hypotension in female rats . ### Output Text:
Differential modulation by <span class="chemical">estrogen</span> of alpha2 - adrenergic and I1 - <span class="chemical">imidazoline</span> receptor - mediated hypotension in female rats .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: We have recently shown that estrogen negatively modulates the hypotensive effect of clonidine ( mixed alpha2 - / I1 - receptor agonist ) in female rats and implicates the cardiovascular autonomic control in this interaction . ### Output Text:
We have recently shown that <span class="chemical">estrogen</span> negatively modulates the hypotensive effect of <span class="chemical">clonidine</span> ( mixed alpha2 - / I1 - receptor agonist ) in female rats and implicates the cardiovascular autonomic control in this interaction .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The present study investigated whether this effect of estrogen involves interaction with alpha2 - and / or I1 - receptors . ### Output Text:
The present study investigated whether this effect of <span class="chemical">estrogen</span> involves interaction with alpha2 - and / or I1 - receptors .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Changes evoked by a single intraperitoneal injection of rilmenidine ( 600 microg / kg ) or alpha - methyldopa ( 100 mg / kg ) , selective I1 - and alpha2 - receptor agonists , respectively , in blood pressure , hemodynamic variability , and locomotor activity were assessed in radiotelemetered sham - operated and ovariectomized ( Ovx ) Sprague - Dawley female rats with or without 12 - wk estrogen replacement . ### Output Text:
Changes evoked by a single intraperitoneal injection of <span class="chemical">rilmenidine</span> ( 600 microg / kg ) or <span class="chemical">alpha - methyldopa</span> ( 100 mg / kg ) , selective I1 - and alpha2 - receptor agonists , respectively , in blood pressure , hemodynamic variability , and locomotor activity were assessed in radiotelemetered sham - operated and ovariectomized ( Ovx ) Sprague - Dawley female rats with or without 12 - wk <span class="chemical">estrogen</span> replacement .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Three time domain indexes of hemodynamic variability were employed : the standard deviation of mean arterial pressure as a measure of blood pressure variability and the standard deviation of beat - to - beat intervals ( SDRR ) and the root mean square of successive differences in R - wave - to - R - wave intervals as measures of heart rate variability . ### Output Text:
Three time domain indexes of hemodynamic variability were employed : the standard deviation of mean arterial pressure as a measure of blood pressure variability and the standard deviation of beat - to - beat intervals ( SDRR ) and the root mean square of successive differences in R - wave - to - R - wave intervals as measures of heart rate variability .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In sham - operated rats , rilmenidine or alpha - methyldopa elicited similar hypotension that lasted at least 5 h and was associated with reductions in standard deviation of mean arterial pressure . ### Output Text:
In sham - operated rats , <span class="chemical">rilmenidine</span> or <span class="chemical">alpha - methyldopa</span> elicited similar hypotension that lasted at least 5 h and was associated with reductions in standard deviation of mean arterial pressure .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: SDRR was reduced only by alpha - methyldopa . ### Output Text:
SDRR was reduced only by <span class="chemical">alpha - methyldopa</span> .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Ovx significantly enhanced the hypotensive response to alpha - methyldopa , in contrast to no effect on rilmenidine hypotension . ### Output Text:
Ovx significantly enhanced the hypotensive response to <span class="chemical">alpha - methyldopa</span> , in contrast to no effect on <span class="chemical">rilmenidine</span> hypotension .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The enhanced alpha - methyldopa hypotension in Ovx rats was paralleled with further reduction in SDRR and a reduced locomotor activity . ### Output Text:
The enhanced <span class="chemical">alpha - methyldopa</span> hypotension in Ovx rats was paralleled with further reduction in SDRR and a reduced locomotor activity .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Estrogen replacement ( 17beta - estradiol subcutaneous pellet , 14 . 2 microg / day , 12 wk ) of Ovx rats restored the hemodynamic and locomotor effects of alpha - methyldopa to sham - operated levels . ### Output Text:
Estrogen replacement ( <span class="chemical">17beta - estradiol</span> subcutaneous pellet , 14 . 2 microg / day , 12 wk ) of Ovx rats restored the hemodynamic and locomotor effects of <span class="chemical">alpha - methyldopa</span> to sham - operated levels .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: These findings suggest that estrogen downregulates alpha2 - but not I1 - receptor - mediated hypotension and highlight a role for the cardiac autonomic control in alpha - methyldopa - estrogen interaction . ### Output Text:
These findings suggest that <span class="chemical">estrogen</span> downregulates alpha2 - but not I1 - receptor - mediated hypotension and highlight a role for the cardiac autonomic control in <span class="chemical">alpha - methyldopa</span> - <span class="chemical">estrogen</span> interaction .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Severe reversible left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction due to accidental iatrogenic epinephrine overdose . ### Output Text:
Severe reversible left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction due to accidental iatrogenic <span class="chemical">epinephrine</span> overdose .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Catecholamine - induced cardiomyopathy due to chronic excess of endogenous catecholamines has been recognized for decades as a clinical phenomenon . ### Output Text:
<span class="chemical">Catecholamine</span> - induced cardiomyopathy due to chronic excess of endogenous <span class="chemical">catecholamines</span> has been recognized for decades as a clinical phenomenon .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In contrast , reports of myocardial dysfunction due to acute iatrogenic overdose are rare . ### Output Text:
In contrast , reports of myocardial dysfunction due to acute iatrogenic overdose are rare .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: A 35 - year - old woman whose cervix uteri was inadvertently injected with 8 mg of epinephrine developed myocardial stunning that was characterized by severe hemodynamic compromise , profound , albeit transient , left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction , and only modestly elevated biochemical markers of myocardial necrosis . ### Output Text:
A 35 - year - old woman whose cervix uteri was inadvertently injected with 8 mg of <span class="chemical">epinephrine</span> developed myocardial stunning that was characterized by severe hemodynamic compromise , profound , albeit transient , left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction , and only modestly elevated biochemical markers of myocardial necrosis .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Our case illustrates the serious consequences of medical errors that can be avoided through improved medication labeling and staff supervision . ### Output Text:
Our case illustrates the serious consequences of medical errors that can be avoided through improved medication labeling and staff supervision .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Cardioprotective effect of tincture of Crataegus on isoproterenol - induced myocardial infarction in rats . ### Output Text:
Cardioprotective effect of <span class="chemical">tincture of Crataegus</span> on <span class="chemical">isoproterenol</span> - induced myocardial infarction in rats .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Tincture of Crataegus ( TCR ) , an alcoholic extract of the berries of hawthorn ( Crataegus oxycantha ) , is used in herbal and homeopathic medicine . ### Output Text:
<span class="chemical">Tincture of Crataegus</span> ( <span class="chemical">TCR</span> ) , an <span class="chemical">alcoholic extract of the berries of hawthorn</span> ( <span class="chemical">Crataegus oxycantha</span> ) , is used in herbal and homeopathic medicine .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The present study was done to investigate the protective effect of TCR on experimentally induced myocardial infarction in rats . ### Output Text:
The present study was done to investigate the protective effect of <span class="chemical">TCR</span> on experimentally induced myocardial infarction in rats .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Pretreatment of TCR , at a dose of 0 . 5 mL / 100 g bodyweight per day , orally for 30 days , prevented the increase in lipid peroxidation and activity of marker enzymes observed in isoproterenol - induced rats ( 85 mg kg ( - 1 ) s . c . for 2 days at an interval of 24 h ) . ### Output Text:
Pretreatment of <span class="chemical">TCR</span> , at a dose of 0 . 5 mL / 100 g bodyweight per day , orally for 30 days , prevented the increase in lipid peroxidation and activity of marker enzymes observed in <span class="chemical">isoproterenol</span> - induced rats ( 85 mg kg ( - 1 ) s . c . for 2 days at an interval of 24 h ) .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: TCR prevented the isoproterenol - induced decrease in antioxidant enzymes in the heart and increased the rate of ADP - stimulated oxygen uptake and respiratory coupling ratio . ### Output Text:
<span class="chemical">TCR</span> prevented the <span class="chemical">isoproterenol</span> - induced decrease in antioxidant enzymes in the heart and increased the rate of <span class="chemical">ADP</span> - stimulated <span class="chemical">oxygen</span> uptake and respiratory coupling ratio .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: TCR protected against pathological changes induced by isoproterenol in rat heart . ### Output Text:
<span class="chemical">TCR</span> protected against pathological changes induced by <span class="chemical">isoproterenol</span> in rat heart .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The results show that pretreatment with TCR may be useful in preventing the damage induced by isoproterenol in rat heart . ### Output Text:
The results show that pretreatment with <span class="chemical">TCR</span> may be useful in preventing the damage induced by <span class="chemical">isoproterenol</span> in rat heart .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Treatment of tinnitus by intratympanic instillation of lignocaine ( lidocaine ) 2 per cent through ventilation tubes . ### Output Text:
Treatment of tinnitus by intratympanic instillation of <span class="chemical">lignocaine</span> ( <span class="chemical">lidocaine</span> ) 2 per cent through ventilation tubes .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Idiopathic subjective tinnitus ( IST ) is one of the most obscure otological pathologies . ### Output Text:
Idiopathic subjective tinnitus ( IST ) is one of the most obscure otological pathologies .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: This paper presents the results of treating IST by intratympanic instillation of lignocaine ( lidocaine ) 2 per cent through a grommet , for five weekly courses . ### Output Text:
This paper presents the results of treating IST by intratympanic instillation of <span class="chemical">lignocaine</span> ( <span class="chemical">lidocaine</span> ) 2 per cent through a grommet , for five weekly courses .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Fifty - two patients suffering from intractable tinnitus entered this therapeutic trial , but only nine finished all five courses . ### Output Text:
Fifty - two patients suffering from intractable tinnitus entered this therapeutic trial , but only nine finished all five courses .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: In one patient , the tinnitus was almost completely abolished , but in all the nine patients the decompensated tinnitus changed to a compensated one . ### Output Text:
In one patient , the tinnitus was almost completely abolished , but in all the nine patients the decompensated tinnitus changed to a compensated one .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: We suggest this mode of treatment for patients that were previously treated by drugs , acupuncture and biofeedback , with disappointing results . ### Output Text:
We suggest this mode of treatment for patients that were previously treated by drugs , acupuncture and biofeedback , with disappointing results .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Patients should be warned about the side effects of vertigo and vomiting , which subsides gradually with every new instillation , and that the tinnitus may not disappear but will be alleviated , enabling them to cope more easily with the disease and lead a more normal life . ### Output Text:
Patients should be warned about the side effects of vertigo and vomiting , which subsides gradually with every new instillation , and that the tinnitus may not disappear but will be alleviated , enabling them to cope more easily with the disease and lead a more normal life .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: The alpha3 and beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits are necessary for nicotine - induced seizures and hypolocomotion in mice . ### Output Text:
The alpha3 and beta4 nicotinic <span class="chemical">acetylcholine</span> receptor subunits are necessary for <span class="chemical">nicotine</span> - induced seizures and hypolocomotion in mice .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: Binding of nicotine to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( nAChRs ) elicits a series of dose - dependent behaviors that go from altered exploration , sedation , and tremors , to seizures and death . ### Output Text:
Binding of <span class="chemical">nicotine</span> to nicotinic <span class="chemical">acetylcholine</span> receptors ( nAChRs ) elicits a series of dose - dependent behaviors that go from altered exploration , sedation , and tremors , to seizures and death .
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities. ### Entity Markup Guides: Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical. ### Input Text: nAChRs are pentameric ion channels usually composed of alpha and beta subunits . ### Output Text:
nAChRs are pentameric ion channels usually composed of alpha and beta subunits .