flaviawallen/MNLP_M3_mcqa_dataset · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 8 27	question stringlengths 1 1.87k	choices sequencelengths 4 4	answer stringclasses 4 values	dataset stringclasses 7 values	rationale stringclasses 537 values
arceasy_train_0	Which factor will most likely cause a person to develop a fever?	[ "a leg muscle relaxing after exercise", "a bacterial population in the bloodstream", "several viral particles on the skin", "carbohydrates being digested in the stomach" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_1	Lichens are symbiotic organisms made of green algae and fungi. What do the green algae supply to the fungi in this symbiotic relationship?	[ "carbon dioxide", "food", "protection", "water" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_2	When a switch is used in an electrical circuit, the switch can	[ "cause the charge to build.", "increase and decrease the voltage.", "cause the current to change direction.", "stop and start the flow of current." ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_3	Which of the following is an example of an assistive device?	[ "contact lens", "motorcycle", "raincoat", "coffee pot" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_5	A chewable calcium carbonate tablet is a common treatment for stomach discomfort. Calcium carbonate is most likely used as this type of medicine because calcium carbonate	[ "has a pleasant flavor.", "is inexpensive to produce.", "neutralizes digestive acid.", "occurs naturally in the body." ]	C	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_6	Which two body systems are directly involved in movement?	[ "muscular and skeletal", "digestive and muscular", "skeletal and respiratory", "respiratory and digestive" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_7	Which change in the state of water particles causes the particles to become arranged in a fixed position?	[ "boiling", "melting", "freezing", "evaporating" ]	C	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_8	Earth's core is primarily composed of which of the following materials?	[ "basalt", "iron", "magma", "quartz" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_9	Which of the following events during meiosis contributes most to the variation within a species?	[ "pairing of chromosomes", "creation of haploid gametes", "segregation of alleles", "separation of chromatids" ]	C	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_10	Which of the following was probably most important in the formation of dark, fertile soil that is good for farming?	[ "plant decomposition", "radioactive decay", "water erosion", "wind erosion" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_11	When igneous rock is changed into metamorphic rock, which form of energy is this process?	[ "heat", "chemical", "magnetic", "light" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_12	In humans, the digestion process begins in	[ "the intestine, with squeezing.", "the mouth, with chewing and saliva.", "the stomach, with churning and acid.", "the esophagus, with pushing towards the stomach." ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_13	Which of these items contains only a solution?	[ "a jar of pickles", "a bottle of juice", "a bag of peanuts", "a can of mixed fruit" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_14	Many natural rock formations change color over time. In Utah, for example, iron oxidized and formed red, orange, and yellow rock. Which of the following is the cause of this change?	[ "chemical weathering", "mechanical weathering", "water erosion", "wind erosion" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_15	A population of small, plant-eating beetles lives in a forest. About half of the beetles are light brown and the others are dark green. If years of drought cause the area to become dry with few trees, what would the beetle population most likely look like after several generations?	[ "It would be mostly light brown beetles.", "It would be mostly dark green beetles.", "It would be mostly carnivorous beetles.", "It would be mostly very large beetles." ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_16	A scientist wanting to document a change in a river's flow pattern should observe a river over a period of	[ "days.", "weeks.", "months.", "years." ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_17	Automobile engines built today are designed to be gas efficient. Gas-efficient engines most likely affect a city by reducing	[ "air pollution.", "heat pollution.", "noise pollution.", "light pollution." ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_18	A student in an empty classroom shouts, "Hello!" Which best explains what the student hears after the shout?	[ "an increased loudness of sound", "a reflection of sound", "an increased frequency of sound", "a refraction of sound" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_20	A student standing near a campfire feels warmer as the fire grows. Which process most likely transfers heat from the campfire to the student?	[ "conduction", "convection", "radiation", "transformation" ]	C	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_21	In snapdragon plants, red flowers are dominant to white flowers. When red-flowered plants are crossed with white-flowered plants, pink flowers are produced. If a researcher wants to produce plants with only white flowers, what color should the parent plants be?	[ "both red", "both white", "one red and one white", "one white and one pink" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_22	Scientists use the term "light year" to describe	[ "how fast light travels in space.", "the distance light travels in one year.", "how large the diameters of different stars are.", "the time it takes the Sun to move through the galaxy." ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_23	Plate movement can form different features on Earth. The movement of tectonic plates can be both a constructive and a destructive force. At which type of plate boundary is new crust formed?	[ "convergent", "subduction", "transform", "divergent" ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_25	Peach trees have sweet-smelling blossoms and produce rich fruit. What is the main purpose of the flowers of a peach tree?	[ "to attract bees for pollination", "to create flower arrangements", "to protect the tree from disease", "to feed migratory birds" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_26	A group of students are researching changes in climate in their region. Which of these would best provide evidence of changes in temperature and rainfall over a period of years?	[ "tree rings", "pollen samples", "harvest production", "carbon dating" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_27	Which of these would help to prevent infections from occurring in small cuts and scrapes?	[ "apply a cold ice pack", "raise the injured area", "apply pressure to stop bleeding", "wash the area with warm, soapy water" ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_28	Which best describes why winds at the beach change direction between day and night?	[ "because the temperatures over land and over water change", "because warm air over land sinks and stays in place over land", "because cool air rises and is replaced by warm air from the ocean", "because cool air sinks and stays in place over land" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_29	Soil erosion can be best prevented by	[ "removing grass from the steepest slope.", "building terraces into the sides of a slope.", "heavily watering the vegetation on the slope.", "increasing the slope of the land by adding more soil." ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_30	Which of the following properties provides the BEST way to identify a mineral?	[ "hardness", "shape", "size", "temperature" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_32	When ice cream is left out of a freezer, the ice cream changes from a ___.	[ "solid to a gas", "gas to a liquid", "solid to a liquid", "liquid to a gas" ]	C	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_34	Which characteristic is shared by all cells?	[ "They need energy.", "They reproduce sexually.", "They make their own food.", "They move from place to place." ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_35	On a small, isolated island, a hurricane destroyed all the trees that produced a large, hard-shelled nut. Which bird population would most likely decrease?	[ "birds with long, probing beaks", "birds with thick, strong beaks", "birds with thin, short beaks", "birds with large, pouch beaks" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_36	A cow and a frog have similar bone structures in their forelimbs. Both have phalanges, radius, ulna, and humerus bones. However, the cow and frog are animals with very different life cycles from each other. Which most likely describes why the body structures of these animals are so similar?	[ "Both have undergone similar mutations.", "Both descended from a common ancestor.", "Both reacted similarly to environmental pressures.", "Both spread out from the same geographical region." ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_37	A cell that is unable to import substances required to process chemical energy is most likely a result of a malfunctioning	[ "cell membrane.", "endoplasmic reticulum.", "Golgi body.", "nuclear envelope." ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_38	Which best describes all unicellular organisms?	[ "Every cell is round.", "Every cell can make food.", "Every cell can move on its own.", "Every cell performs all life functions." ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_39	When a transverse wave passes from right to left through a medium, what happens to the particles of the medium?	[ "Particles travel from right to left along the wave.", "Particles travel from left to right along the wave.", "Particles move back and forth parallel to the wave.", "Particles move back and forth perpendicular to the wave." ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_40	Which characteristic below most likely accounts for our limited knowledge of galaxies?	[ "their tiny size", "their magnetic cores", "their inability to produce light", "their great distance from Earth" ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_41	Decomposers increase the fertility of the soil and prevent dead organisms from building up in the environment. In which way do decomposers make the soil more fertile?	[ "by adding carbon", "by adding nitrogen", "by removing excess water", "by removing excess minerals" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_42	When oxygen combines with hydrogen, which substance is formed?	[ "water", "vinegar", "hydrochloric acid", "hydrogen dioxide" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_43	When plants undergo photosynthesis, a reaction produces sugar, oxygen, and water. During respiration, stored energy from the products of photosynthesis is converted to usable energy. In what form is the energy stored prior to use in respiration?	[ "chemical energy", "kinetic energy", "light energy", "heat energy" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_44	Which of the following is a typical example of a unicellular organism?	[ "earthworm", "bacteria", "fungi", "green algae" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_45	Over geologic time, global mean sea level has varied significantly. Which change is most likely responsible for an increase in global mean sea level?	[ "erosion of sediment from a mountain range", "mass extinction of marine organisms", "formation of an ocean trench", "melting of polar ice caps" ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_46	Which body system is most responsible for the removal of waste?	[ "skeletal system", "nervous system", "muscular system", "excretory system" ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_47	In which environment is white fur color an advantage for survival?	[ "desert", "grassland", "arctic tundra", "temperate forest" ]	C	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_48	Which of these will best separate iron filings from sand?	[ "water", "a magnifying glass", "a magnet", "rubbing alcohol" ]	C	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_49	Which of these is the chemical symbol for magnesium?	[ "Ma", "Mg", "Mn", "Mu" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_50	Which of the following is most likely to lead to error in an experiment?	[ "bias", "repeated trials", "peer review", "use of a control" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_51	Which best describes transportation technology?	[ "a system that is used to move people and products", "an enterprise that changes raw materials into goods", "the building and finishing of structures", "the conversion of mechanical energy into heat energy" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_52	In a gasoline-powered car, chemical energy from gasoline is transformed to make the car move. The motion of the car is what form of energy?	[ "radiant energy", "nuclear energy", "electrical energy", "mechanical energy" ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_53	Which characteristic is affected by interactions with the environment?	[ "weight", "eye color", "blood type", "handedness" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_54	Which is the greatest impact humans have had on the carbon cycle?	[ "clear-cutting forests", "manufacturing plastics", "burning fossil fuels", "growing agricultural crops" ]	C	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_55	The floating arrow on a compass always points towards the	[ "west.", "east.", "south.", "north." ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_56	Which color shirt will reflect the most light on a hot, sunny day?	[ "black", "blue", "red", "white" ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_57	A 10 g sample of aluminum and a 10 g sample of iron were each heated by 100 joules of energy. The temperature of the aluminum sample rose 11°C, while the temperature of the iron sample increased 23°C. Which statement best accounts for these results?	[ "Iron is twice as dense as aluminum.", "Atoms of aluminum are smaller than atoms of iron.", "Using equal masses results in similar heat capacities.", "The specific heat of iron is less than that of aluminum." ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_58	If its food supply in a field decreases, the mouse population in that field will probably	[ "increase.", "decrease.", "remain the same.", "become extinct." ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_59	Overuse of soil for farming causes local disruptions of several Earth subsystems. Which of these is a part of the biogeochemical cycle that experiences the most severe local disruption?	[ "release of carbon into the atmosphere", "release of oxygen into the atmosphere", "cycling phosphorus into the soil", "cycling hydrogen into the soil" ]	C	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_60	Which of the following is an example of a physical change but not a chemical change?	[ "A log gives off heat and light as it burns.", "A tree stores energy from the Sun in its fruit.", "A penny lost in the grass slowly changes color.", "A water pipe freezes and cracks on a cold night." ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_61	While conducting an investigation on refraction, a teacher uses a red laser pointer to show how a beam of light is affected as it passes through several glass objects. The teacher should make sure that the	[ "room is totally dark.", "light source is ultraviolet.", "beam of light does not travel toward the students.", "room walls are shielded with insulating material." ]	C	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_62	One student wrote a report about an investigation in which fertilizer was added to tomato plants. Which information from that student's report would most help a second student repeat the investigation?	[ "the amount of fertilizer added", "the height of the fertilized plants", "the size of each tomato produced", "the number of tomatoes produced" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_63	A student wants to look under a heavy rock. Which simple machine would be BEST to use to lift the rock?	[ "Wheel and axle", "Lever", "Inclined plane", "Screw" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_64	Rust is a compound with the formula Fe_{2}O_{3}. Which elements combine to form rust?	[ "iron and water", "iron and oxygen", "iron and air", "iron and acid" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_65	The chemical equation below shows a reaction of copper (Cu) with silver nitrate (AgNO_{3}) yielding silver (Ag) and copper(II) nitrate (Cu(NO_{3})_{2}) Cu + 2AgNO_{3} -> 2Ag + Cu(NO_{3})_{2} Silver and copper(II) nitrate are called the	[ "reactants.", "products.", "catalysts.", "inhibitors." ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_66	What role does the centromere play in cellular reproduction?	[ "It is the area where microtubules are formed.", "It is the area where the nucleus is during cell division.", "It is the area of alignment for the chromosomes.", "It is the area of attachment for chromatids." ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_67	If 1 kg of the compound toluene melts at -95°C, then 500 g of toluene will	[ "melt at -47.5°C.", "melt at -95°C.", "boil at 95°C.", "boil at 47.5°C." ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_68	A calculation based on the chemical energy of gasoline shows that a car should be able to go 100 miles on a gallon of fuel. When the car was driven on a test track, the car only went 25 miles on a gallon of fuel. What accounts for most of the difference?	[ "the mass of the driver and the fuel carried by the car", "the wind resistance between the car and the air nearby", "the waste heat from the combustion of fuel in the engine", "the friction between the tires and the surface of the track" ]	C	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_69	A student wants to find the relationship between the diameter of several plastic disks and the circumference of each disk. Which of these types of graphs should be constructed to determine this relationship?	[ "pie graph", "line graph", "scatterplot", "box-and-whisker plot" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_70	When light is bounced off a mirror, the light is	[ "reflected.", "refracted.", "absorbed.", "diffracted." ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_71	Which of the following sentences best explains what happens when puddles evaporate?	[ "The water absorbs into the ground.", "The particles of matter move more slowly.", "The water changes from one form to another.", "The particles of matter move closer together." ]	C	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_72	Plants on hills keep dirt in place during a rain storm. Plant roots grow into the dirt and keep the dirt from moving. Why do roots grow into the dirt?	[ "to release gases", "to release water", "to absorb energy", "to absorb nutrients" ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_74	Which process drives most of the ATP synthesis in a chloroplast?	[ "flow of protons across an electrochemical gradient", "flow of tRNA across an electrochemical gradient", "exposure of ADP to electromagnetic waves", "exposure of carbohydrates to electromagnetic waves" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_75	Which of the following is most consistent with the modern theory of evolution?	[ "Parents pass their physical traits to their offspring; those offspring with traits that help them survive in the environment are able to reproduce.", "Parents change their physical traits in order to survive in the environment, then those parental traits are passed to their offspring.", "Life on this planet came from another planet far out in space.", "Living organisms have not changed for hundreds of millions of years." ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_76	Felicia investigated whether water color affected how fast the water heated in sunlight. She poured tap water into five beakers and placed food coloring in four out of the five beakers. Felicia then used a thermometer to measure the temperature of the water in each of the beakers. Which of these was used as control in her investigation?	[ "mixing the food coloring in water", "testing the beaker of uncolored tap water", "using the same amount of water in each trial", "testing the colored water samples at different times" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_77	One process in the formation of sedimentary rocks is when rocks are	[ "compressed by moving plates.", "heated and subjected to high pressure.", "broken up and deposited in layers.", "moved up along fault planes." ]	C	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_78	Western coral snakes have a striped color pattern and are poisonous. Arizona mountain king snakes look like western coral snakes but are not poisonous. The color pattern of the Arizona mountain king snake is an example of	[ "camouflage.", "mimicry.", "mutualism.", "parasitism." ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_79	Which plant trait is inherited?	[ "the shape of its leaves", "the amount of water it receives", "the number of minerals it absorbs from soil", "the level of sunlight to which it is exposed" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_80	A student put 200 milliliters (mL) of water into a pot, sets the pot on a burner, and heats the water to boil. When the pot is taken off the burner, it contains only 180 milliliters (mL) of water. What happened to the rest of the water?	[ "It was used up.", "It condensed.", "It was absorbed by the heat.", "It turned into water vapor." ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_81	Howie put his plants under a plant light. What was he helping his plants do by providing light?	[ "make food", "attract insects", "release pollen", "grow roots" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_82	Which lists the diameter of the planets in order from smallest to largest?	[ "Venus, Earth, Mercury, Mars", "Earth, Mars, Venus, Mercury", "Mars, Mercury, Earth, Venus", "Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth" ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_83	The aloe plant can absorb a lot of water during a rain shower. The extra water is stored in its leaves. The ability to store water in its leaves is most likely an adaptation to which type of environment?	[ "one near the ocean", "one with dry conditions", "one with a variety of organisms", "one that receives a lot of sunlight" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_84	When stratospheric ozone levels are reduced, the amount of ultraviolet radiation hitting Earth increases. Ozone depletion is most often caused	[ "by the reversal of the magnetic field of Earth.", "when fluorocarbons are released into the atmosphere.", "when electromagnetic waves from the Sun increase.", "by abrupt changes in weather and climate patterns." ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_85	Owen tested a physical property of a mineral. He rubbed a mineral sample on a piece of white tile. The mineral left a red mark on the tile. Which of the following physical properties of the mineral was Owen most likely testing?	[ "cleavage", "hardness", "luster", "streak" ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_86	Which of these animals has a young form that looks the most like the adult form?	[ "moth", "human", "frog", "butterfly" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_87	Two tectonic plates pushing toward each other cause intense heat and pressure in Earth's crust. Into which will crust material be changed by heat and pressure?	[ "fossils", "sediments", "igneous rock", "metamorphic rock" ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_88	A student states that plants grow taller when grown in natural light than they do in artificial light. Which method is the best way to determine if the statement is fact or opinion?	[ "conduct a controlled experiment", "discuss the statement with other students", "ask several teachers their thoughts", "propose a scientific conclusion" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_89	Which object is powered by an electrical circuit?	[ "a drum", "a flashlight", "a matchstick", "a wind-up toy" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_90	Which concept supports the endosymbiotic origin of complex, eukaryotic double-membrane structures?	[ "Mitochondria and chloroplasts arise from preexisting mitochondria and chloroplasts.", "Mitochondria and chloroplasts arise from preexisting endomembrane systems.", "Mitochondria and chloroplasts are synthesized in the nucleus.", "Mitochondria and chloroplasts are synthesized in ribosomes." ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_91	Which of these human activities most relies on high-quality soil?	[ "Hiking", "Hunting", "Coal mining", "Growing crops" ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_92	What is an example of a shelter in an ecosystem?	[ "a gray squirrel eating an acorn", "a raccoon in a hollow log", "a blue whale migrating", "a tick feeding on a coyote" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_93	Some areas of the world are experiencing more desert-like conditions. This change most favors survival of species with the ability to do which of the following?	[ "consume large amounts of food", "become dormant for long periods", "sense infrared and ultraviolet light", "transpire water through the skin to the atmosphere" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_94	Roger poured water over a pile of sand. Some of the sand washed away. This process is similar to which of the following?	[ "The eruption of a volcano", "The erosion of the walls of a canyon", "The uplifting of mountain ranges", "The forming of dunes or mounds in a desert" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_95	When an earthquake wave passes from the crust to the mantle, the wave	[ "reverses direction.", "changes speed.", "increases energy.", "stops moving." ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_96	A student wraps a wire around an iron nail. The student then connects the wire to a battery. The nail attracts another nail and they stick together. What force holds the two nails together?	[ "gravitational force", "magnetic force", "electric force", "friction force" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_97	Natural processes cause rapid and slow changes to Earth's surface. Which event causes changes to Earth's surface most rapidly?	[ "an earthquake shaking the ground", "sediment washing into a bay", "a rainstorm weathering rock", "water flowing in stream" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_98	Since 1961, Nevada has led the United States in production of which resource?	[ "gold", "uranium", "lumber", "iron" ]	A	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_99	A class is testing the effect of exercise on heart rate. The heart rate of two students before exercise is compared to their heart rate after running around a track. Which procedure will most likely help the class correctly compare the results of the two students?	[ "test students who are the same height", "have the students run on the same day", "measure the distance each student runs", "have the students run for the same amount of time" ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_100	Which interaction within an ecosystem is characterized by gradual change from one community of organisms to another?	[ "symbiosis", "food webs", "energy pyramids", "succession" ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_101	The continuous changes of a seed to an adult plant that produces seeds is known as a	[ "lunar cycle.", "weekly cycle.", "daily cycle.", "life cycle." ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_102	When someone plays the flute, sound is produced because the air in the flute is	[ "hot.", "neutral.", "vibrating.", "vaporizing." ]	C	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_103	Scientists compared Pluto with other objects in the solar system and found that Pluto is smaller than Earth's moon. This finding caused scientists to question whether Pluto is a planet because	[ "Pluto gets less sunlight than Earth's moon", "the other planets are much larger than Pluto", "the other planets have moons and Pluto does not", "Pluto rotates on its axis and the other planets do not" ]	B	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_104	When an iron nail wrapped in a copper wire is attached to a circuit, it forms	[ "a battery.", "an engine.", "an insulator.", "an electromagnet." ]	D	arceasy	null
arceasy_train_105	Which gas accounts for the largest percentage of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?	[ "carbon monoxide", "carbon dioxide", "nitrous oxide", "water vapor" ]	D	arceasy	null

arceasy_train_0

Which factor will most likely cause a person to develop a fever?

[ "a leg muscle relaxing after exercise", "a bacterial population in the bloodstream", "several viral particles on the skin", "carbohydrates being digested in the stomach" ]

B

arceasy

null

arceasy_train_1

Lichens are symbiotic organisms made of green algae and fungi. What do the green algae supply to the fungi in this symbiotic relationship?

[ "carbon dioxide", "food", "protection", "water" ]

B

arceasy

null

arceasy_train_2

When a switch is used in an electrical circuit, the switch can

[ "cause the charge to build.", "increase and decrease the voltage.", "cause the current to change direction.", "stop and start the flow of current." ]

D

arceasy

null

arceasy_train_3

Which of the following is an example of an assistive device?

[ "contact lens", "motorcycle", "raincoat", "coffee pot" ]

A

arceasy

null

arceasy_train_5

A chewable calcium carbonate tablet is a common treatment for stomach discomfort. Calcium carbonate is most likely used as this type of medicine because calcium carbonate

[ "has a pleasant flavor.", "is inexpensive to produce.", "neutralizes digestive acid.", "occurs naturally in the body." ]

C

arceasy

null

arceasy_train_6

Which two body systems are directly involved in movement?

[ "muscular and skeletal", "digestive and muscular", "skeletal and respiratory", "respiratory and digestive" ]

A

arceasy

null

arceasy_train_7

Which change in the state of water particles causes the particles to become arranged in a fixed position?

[ "boiling", "melting", "freezing", "evaporating" ]

C

arceasy

null

arceasy_train_8

Earth's core is primarily composed of which of the following materials?

[ "basalt", "iron", "magma", "quartz" ]

B

arceasy

null

arceasy_train_9

Which of the following events during meiosis contributes most to the variation within a species?

[ "pairing of chromosomes", "creation of haploid gametes", "segregation of alleles", "separation of chromatids" ]

C

arceasy

null

arceasy_train_10

Which of the following was probably most important in the formation of dark, fertile soil that is good for farming?

[ "plant decomposition", "radioactive decay", "water erosion", "wind erosion" ]

A

arceasy

null

arceasy_train_11

When igneous rock is changed into metamorphic rock, which form of energy is this process?

[ "heat", "chemical", "magnetic", "light" ]

A

arceasy

null

arceasy_train_12

In humans, the digestion process begins in

[ "the intestine, with squeezing.", "the mouth, with chewing and saliva.", "the stomach, with churning and acid.", "the esophagus, with pushing towards the stomach." ]

B

arceasy

null

arceasy_train_13

Which of these items contains only a solution?

[ "a jar of pickles", "a bottle of juice", "a bag of peanuts", "a can of mixed fruit" ]

B

arceasy

null

arceasy_train_14

Many natural rock formations change color over time. In Utah, for example, iron oxidized and formed red, orange, and yellow rock. Which of the following is the cause of this change?

[ "chemical weathering", "mechanical weathering", "water erosion", "wind erosion" ]

A

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arceasy_train_15

A population of small, plant-eating beetles lives in a forest. About half of the beetles are light brown and the others are dark green. If years of drought cause the area to become dry with few trees, what would the beetle population most likely look like after several generations?

[ "It would be mostly light brown beetles.", "It would be mostly dark green beetles.", "It would be mostly carnivorous beetles.", "It would be mostly very large beetles." ]

A

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arceasy_train_16

A scientist wanting to document a change in a river's flow pattern should observe a river over a period of

[ "days.", "weeks.", "months.", "years." ]

D

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arceasy_train_17

Automobile engines built today are designed to be gas efficient. Gas-efficient engines most likely affect a city by reducing

[ "air pollution.", "heat pollution.", "noise pollution.", "light pollution." ]

A

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arceasy_train_18

A student in an empty classroom shouts, "Hello!" Which best explains what the student hears after the shout?

[ "an increased loudness of sound", "a reflection of sound", "an increased frequency of sound", "a refraction of sound" ]

B

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arceasy_train_20

A student standing near a campfire feels warmer as the fire grows. Which process most likely transfers heat from the campfire to the student?

[ "conduction", "convection", "radiation", "transformation" ]

C

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arceasy_train_21

In snapdragon plants, red flowers are dominant to white flowers. When red-flowered plants are crossed with white-flowered plants, pink flowers are produced. If a researcher wants to produce plants with only white flowers, what color should the parent plants be?

[ "both red", "both white", "one red and one white", "one white and one pink" ]

B

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arceasy_train_22

Scientists use the term "light year" to describe

[ "how fast light travels in space.", "the distance light travels in one year.", "how large the diameters of different stars are.", "the time it takes the Sun to move through the galaxy." ]

B

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arceasy_train_23

Plate movement can form different features on Earth. The movement of tectonic plates can be both a constructive and a destructive force. At which type of plate boundary is new crust formed?

[ "convergent", "subduction", "transform", "divergent" ]

D

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arceasy_train_25

Peach trees have sweet-smelling blossoms and produce rich fruit. What is the main purpose of the flowers of a peach tree?

[ "to attract bees for pollination", "to create flower arrangements", "to protect the tree from disease", "to feed migratory birds" ]

A

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arceasy_train_26

A group of students are researching changes in climate in their region. Which of these would best provide evidence of changes in temperature and rainfall over a period of years?

[ "tree rings", "pollen samples", "harvest production", "carbon dating" ]

A

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arceasy_train_27

Which of these would help to prevent infections from occurring in small cuts and scrapes?

[ "apply a cold ice pack", "raise the injured area", "apply pressure to stop bleeding", "wash the area with warm, soapy water" ]

D

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arceasy_train_28

Which best describes why winds at the beach change direction between day and night?

[ "because the temperatures over land and over water change", "because warm air over land sinks and stays in place over land", "because cool air rises and is replaced by warm air from the ocean", "because cool air sinks and stays in place over land" ]

A

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arceasy_train_29

Soil erosion can be best prevented by

[ "removing grass from the steepest slope.", "building terraces into the sides of a slope.", "heavily watering the vegetation on the slope.", "increasing the slope of the land by adding more soil." ]

B

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arceasy_train_30

Which of the following properties provides the BEST way to identify a mineral?

[ "hardness", "shape", "size", "temperature" ]

A

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arceasy_train_32

When ice cream is left out of a freezer, the ice cream changes from a ___.

[ "solid to a gas", "gas to a liquid", "solid to a liquid", "liquid to a gas" ]

C

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arceasy_train_34

Which characteristic is shared by all cells?

[ "They need energy.", "They reproduce sexually.", "They make their own food.", "They move from place to place." ]

A

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arceasy_train_35

On a small, isolated island, a hurricane destroyed all the trees that produced a large, hard-shelled nut. Which bird population would most likely decrease?

[ "birds with long, probing beaks", "birds with thick, strong beaks", "birds with thin, short beaks", "birds with large, pouch beaks" ]

B

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arceasy_train_36

A cow and a frog have similar bone structures in their forelimbs. Both have phalanges, radius, ulna, and humerus bones. However, the cow and frog are animals with very different life cycles from each other. Which most likely describes why the body structures of these animals are so similar?

[ "Both have undergone similar mutations.", "Both descended from a common ancestor.", "Both reacted similarly to environmental pressures.", "Both spread out from the same geographical region." ]

B

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arceasy_train_37

A cell that is unable to import substances required to process chemical energy is most likely a result of a malfunctioning

[ "cell membrane.", "endoplasmic reticulum.", "Golgi body.", "nuclear envelope." ]

A

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arceasy_train_38

Which best describes all unicellular organisms?

[ "Every cell is round.", "Every cell can make food.", "Every cell can move on its own.", "Every cell performs all life functions." ]

D

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arceasy_train_39

When a transverse wave passes from right to left through a medium, what happens to the particles of the medium?

[ "Particles travel from right to left along the wave.", "Particles travel from left to right along the wave.", "Particles move back and forth parallel to the wave.", "Particles move back and forth perpendicular to the wave." ]

D

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arceasy_train_40

Which characteristic below most likely accounts for our limited knowledge of galaxies?

[ "their tiny size", "their magnetic cores", "their inability to produce light", "their great distance from Earth" ]

D

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arceasy_train_41

Decomposers increase the fertility of the soil and prevent dead organisms from building up in the environment. In which way do decomposers make the soil more fertile?

[ "by adding carbon", "by adding nitrogen", "by removing excess water", "by removing excess minerals" ]

B

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arceasy_train_42

When oxygen combines with hydrogen, which substance is formed?

[ "water", "vinegar", "hydrochloric acid", "hydrogen dioxide" ]

A

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arceasy_train_43

When plants undergo photosynthesis, a reaction produces sugar, oxygen, and water. During respiration, stored energy from the products of photosynthesis is converted to usable energy. In what form is the energy stored prior to use in respiration?

[ "chemical energy", "kinetic energy", "light energy", "heat energy" ]

A

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arceasy_train_44

Which of the following is a typical example of a unicellular organism?

[ "earthworm", "bacteria", "fungi", "green algae" ]

B

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arceasy_train_45

Over geologic time, global mean sea level has varied significantly. Which change is most likely responsible for an increase in global mean sea level?

[ "erosion of sediment from a mountain range", "mass extinction of marine organisms", "formation of an ocean trench", "melting of polar ice caps" ]

D

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arceasy_train_46

Which body system is most responsible for the removal of waste?

[ "skeletal system", "nervous system", "muscular system", "excretory system" ]

D

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arceasy_train_47

In which environment is white fur color an advantage for survival?

[ "desert", "grassland", "arctic tundra", "temperate forest" ]

C

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arceasy_train_48

Which of these will best separate iron filings from sand?

[ "water", "a magnifying glass", "a magnet", "rubbing alcohol" ]

C

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arceasy_train_49

Which of these is the chemical symbol for magnesium?

[ "Ma", "Mg", "Mn", "Mu" ]

B

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arceasy_train_50

Which of the following is most likely to lead to error in an experiment?

[ "bias", "repeated trials", "peer review", "use of a control" ]

A

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arceasy_train_51

Which best describes transportation technology?

[ "a system that is used to move people and products", "an enterprise that changes raw materials into goods", "the building and finishing of structures", "the conversion of mechanical energy into heat energy" ]

A

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arceasy_train_52

In a gasoline-powered car, chemical energy from gasoline is transformed to make the car move. The motion of the car is what form of energy?

[ "radiant energy", "nuclear energy", "electrical energy", "mechanical energy" ]

D

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arceasy_train_53

Which characteristic is affected by interactions with the environment?

[ "weight", "eye color", "blood type", "handedness" ]

A

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arceasy_train_54

Which is the greatest impact humans have had on the carbon cycle?

[ "clear-cutting forests", "manufacturing plastics", "burning fossil fuels", "growing agricultural crops" ]

C

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arceasy_train_55

The floating arrow on a compass always points towards the

[ "west.", "east.", "south.", "north." ]

D

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arceasy_train_56

Which color shirt will reflect the most light on a hot, sunny day?

[ "black", "blue", "red", "white" ]

D

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arceasy_train_57

A 10 g sample of aluminum and a 10 g sample of iron were each heated by 100 joules of energy. The temperature of the aluminum sample rose 11°C, while the temperature of the iron sample increased 23°C. Which statement best accounts for these results?

[ "Iron is twice as dense as aluminum.", "Atoms of aluminum are smaller than atoms of iron.", "Using equal masses results in similar heat capacities.", "The specific heat of iron is less than that of aluminum." ]

D

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arceasy_train_58

If its food supply in a field decreases, the mouse population in that field will probably

[ "increase.", "decrease.", "remain the same.", "become extinct." ]

B

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arceasy_train_59

Overuse of soil for farming causes local disruptions of several Earth subsystems. Which of these is a part of the biogeochemical cycle that experiences the most severe local disruption?

[ "release of carbon into the atmosphere", "release of oxygen into the atmosphere", "cycling phosphorus into the soil", "cycling hydrogen into the soil" ]

C

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arceasy_train_60

Which of the following is an example of a physical change but not a chemical change?

[ "A log gives off heat and light as it burns.", "A tree stores energy from the Sun in its fruit.", "A penny lost in the grass slowly changes color.", "A water pipe freezes and cracks on a cold night." ]

D

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arceasy_train_61

While conducting an investigation on refraction, a teacher uses a red laser pointer to show how a beam of light is affected as it passes through several glass objects. The teacher should make sure that the

[ "room is totally dark.", "light source is ultraviolet.", "beam of light does not travel toward the students.", "room walls are shielded with insulating material." ]

C

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arceasy_train_62

One student wrote a report about an investigation in which fertilizer was added to tomato plants. Which information from that student's report would most help a second student repeat the investigation?

[ "the amount of fertilizer added", "the height of the fertilized plants", "the size of each tomato produced", "the number of tomatoes produced" ]

A

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arceasy_train_63

A student wants to look under a heavy rock. Which simple machine would be BEST to use to lift the rock?

[ "Wheel and axle", "Lever", "Inclined plane", "Screw" ]

B

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arceasy_train_64

Rust is a compound with the formula Fe_{2}O_{3}. Which elements combine to form rust?

[ "iron and water", "iron and oxygen", "iron and air", "iron and acid" ]

B

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arceasy_train_65

The chemical equation below shows a reaction of copper (Cu) with silver nitrate (AgNO_{3}) yielding silver (Ag) and copper(II) nitrate (Cu(NO_{3})_{2}) Cu + 2AgNO_{3} -> 2Ag + Cu(NO_{3})_{2} Silver and copper(II) nitrate are called the

[ "reactants.", "products.", "catalysts.", "inhibitors." ]

B

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arceasy_train_66

What role does the centromere play in cellular reproduction?

[ "It is the area where microtubules are formed.", "It is the area where the nucleus is during cell division.", "It is the area of alignment for the chromosomes.", "It is the area of attachment for chromatids." ]

D

arceasy

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arceasy_train_67

If 1 kg of the compound toluene melts at -95°C, then 500 g of toluene will

[ "melt at -47.5°C.", "melt at -95°C.", "boil at 95°C.", "boil at 47.5°C." ]

B

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arceasy_train_68

A calculation based on the chemical energy of gasoline shows that a car should be able to go 100 miles on a gallon of fuel. When the car was driven on a test track, the car only went 25 miles on a gallon of fuel. What accounts for most of the difference?

[ "the mass of the driver and the fuel carried by the car", "the wind resistance between the car and the air nearby", "the waste heat from the combustion of fuel in the engine", "the friction between the tires and the surface of the track" ]

C

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arceasy_train_69

A student wants to find the relationship between the diameter of several plastic disks and the circumference of each disk. Which of these types of graphs should be constructed to determine this relationship?

[ "pie graph", "line graph", "scatterplot", "box-and-whisker plot" ]

B

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arceasy_train_70

When light is bounced off a mirror, the light is

[ "reflected.", "refracted.", "absorbed.", "diffracted." ]

A

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arceasy_train_71

Which of the following sentences best explains what happens when puddles evaporate?

[ "The water absorbs into the ground.", "The particles of matter move more slowly.", "The water changes from one form to another.", "The particles of matter move closer together." ]

C

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arceasy_train_72

Plants on hills keep dirt in place during a rain storm. Plant roots grow into the dirt and keep the dirt from moving. Why do roots grow into the dirt?

[ "to release gases", "to release water", "to absorb energy", "to absorb nutrients" ]

D

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arceasy_train_74

Which process drives most of the ATP synthesis in a chloroplast?

[ "flow of protons across an electrochemical gradient", "flow of tRNA across an electrochemical gradient", "exposure of ADP to electromagnetic waves", "exposure of carbohydrates to electromagnetic waves" ]

A

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arceasy_train_75

Which of the following is most consistent with the modern theory of evolution?

[ "Parents pass their physical traits to their offspring; those offspring with traits that help them survive in the environment are able to reproduce.", "Parents change their physical traits in order to survive in the environment, then those parental traits are passed to their offspring.", "Life on this planet came from another planet far out in space.", "Living organisms have not changed for hundreds of millions of years." ]

A

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arceasy_train_76

Felicia investigated whether water color affected how fast the water heated in sunlight. She poured tap water into five beakers and placed food coloring in four out of the five beakers. Felicia then used a thermometer to measure the temperature of the water in each of the beakers. Which of these was used as control in her investigation?

[ "mixing the food coloring in water", "testing the beaker of uncolored tap water", "using the same amount of water in each trial", "testing the colored water samples at different times" ]

B

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arceasy_train_77

One process in the formation of sedimentary rocks is when rocks are

[ "compressed by moving plates.", "heated and subjected to high pressure.", "broken up and deposited in layers.", "moved up along fault planes." ]

C

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arceasy_train_78

Western coral snakes have a striped color pattern and are poisonous. Arizona mountain king snakes look like western coral snakes but are not poisonous. The color pattern of the Arizona mountain king snake is an example of

[ "camouflage.", "mimicry.", "mutualism.", "parasitism." ]

B

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arceasy_train_79

Which plant trait is inherited?

[ "the shape of its leaves", "the amount of water it receives", "the number of minerals it absorbs from soil", "the level of sunlight to which it is exposed" ]

A

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arceasy_train_80

A student put 200 milliliters (mL) of water into a pot, sets the pot on a burner, and heats the water to boil. When the pot is taken off the burner, it contains only 180 milliliters (mL) of water. What happened to the rest of the water?

[ "It was used up.", "It condensed.", "It was absorbed by the heat.", "It turned into water vapor." ]

D

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arceasy_train_81

Howie put his plants under a plant light. What was he helping his plants do by providing light?

[ "make food", "attract insects", "release pollen", "grow roots" ]

A

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arceasy_train_82

Which lists the diameter of the planets in order from smallest to largest?

[ "Venus, Earth, Mercury, Mars", "Earth, Mars, Venus, Mercury", "Mars, Mercury, Earth, Venus", "Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth" ]

D

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arceasy_train_83

The aloe plant can absorb a lot of water during a rain shower. The extra water is stored in its leaves. The ability to store water in its leaves is most likely an adaptation to which type of environment?

[ "one near the ocean", "one with dry conditions", "one with a variety of organisms", "one that receives a lot of sunlight" ]

B

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arceasy_train_84

When stratospheric ozone levels are reduced, the amount of ultraviolet radiation hitting Earth increases. Ozone depletion is most often caused

[ "by the reversal of the magnetic field of Earth.", "when fluorocarbons are released into the atmosphere.", "when electromagnetic waves from the Sun increase.", "by abrupt changes in weather and climate patterns." ]

B

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arceasy_train_85

Owen tested a physical property of a mineral. He rubbed a mineral sample on a piece of white tile. The mineral left a red mark on the tile. Which of the following physical properties of the mineral was Owen most likely testing?

[ "cleavage", "hardness", "luster", "streak" ]

D

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arceasy_train_86

Which of these animals has a young form that looks the most like the adult form?

[ "moth", "human", "frog", "butterfly" ]

B

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arceasy_train_87

Two tectonic plates pushing toward each other cause intense heat and pressure in Earth's crust. Into which will crust material be changed by heat and pressure?

[ "fossils", "sediments", "igneous rock", "metamorphic rock" ]

D

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arceasy_train_88

A student states that plants grow taller when grown in natural light than they do in artificial light. Which method is the best way to determine if the statement is fact or opinion?

[ "conduct a controlled experiment", "discuss the statement with other students", "ask several teachers their thoughts", "propose a scientific conclusion" ]

A

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arceasy_train_89

Which object is powered by an electrical circuit?

[ "a drum", "a flashlight", "a matchstick", "a wind-up toy" ]

B

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arceasy_train_90

Which concept supports the endosymbiotic origin of complex, eukaryotic double-membrane structures?

[ "Mitochondria and chloroplasts arise from preexisting mitochondria and chloroplasts.", "Mitochondria and chloroplasts arise from preexisting endomembrane systems.", "Mitochondria and chloroplasts are synthesized in the nucleus.", "Mitochondria and chloroplasts are synthesized in ribosomes." ]

A

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arceasy_train_91

Which of these human activities most relies on high-quality soil?

[ "Hiking", "Hunting", "Coal mining", "Growing crops" ]

D

arceasy

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arceasy_train_92

What is an example of a shelter in an ecosystem?

[ "a gray squirrel eating an acorn", "a raccoon in a hollow log", "a blue whale migrating", "a tick feeding on a coyote" ]

B

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arceasy_train_93

Some areas of the world are experiencing more desert-like conditions. This change most favors survival of species with the ability to do which of the following?

[ "consume large amounts of food", "become dormant for long periods", "sense infrared and ultraviolet light", "transpire water through the skin to the atmosphere" ]

B

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arceasy_train_94

Roger poured water over a pile of sand. Some of the sand washed away. This process is similar to which of the following?

[ "The eruption of a volcano", "The erosion of the walls of a canyon", "The uplifting of mountain ranges", "The forming of dunes or mounds in a desert" ]

B

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arceasy_train_95

When an earthquake wave passes from the crust to the mantle, the wave

[ "reverses direction.", "changes speed.", "increases energy.", "stops moving." ]

B

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arceasy_train_96

A student wraps a wire around an iron nail. The student then connects the wire to a battery. The nail attracts another nail and they stick together. What force holds the two nails together?

[ "gravitational force", "magnetic force", "electric force", "friction force" ]

B

arceasy

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arceasy_train_97

Natural processes cause rapid and slow changes to Earth's surface. Which event causes changes to Earth's surface most rapidly?

[ "an earthquake shaking the ground", "sediment washing into a bay", "a rainstorm weathering rock", "water flowing in stream" ]

A

arceasy

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arceasy_train_98

Since 1961, Nevada has led the United States in production of which resource?

[ "gold", "uranium", "lumber", "iron" ]

A

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arceasy_train_99

A class is testing the effect of exercise on heart rate. The heart rate of two students before exercise is compared to their heart rate after running around a track. Which procedure will most likely help the class correctly compare the results of the two students?

[ "test students who are the same height", "have the students run on the same day", "measure the distance each student runs", "have the students run for the same amount of time" ]

D

arceasy

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arceasy_train_100

Which interaction within an ecosystem is characterized by gradual change from one community of organisms to another?

[ "symbiosis", "food webs", "energy pyramids", "succession" ]

D

arceasy

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arceasy_train_101

The continuous changes of a seed to an adult plant that produces seeds is known as a

[ "lunar cycle.", "weekly cycle.", "daily cycle.", "life cycle." ]

D

arceasy

null

arceasy_train_102

When someone plays the flute, sound is produced because the air in the flute is

[ "hot.", "neutral.", "vibrating.", "vaporizing." ]

C

arceasy

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arceasy_train_103

Scientists compared Pluto with other objects in the solar system and found that Pluto is smaller than Earth's moon. This finding caused scientists to question whether Pluto is a planet because

[ "Pluto gets less sunlight than Earth's moon", "the other planets are much larger than Pluto", "the other planets have moons and Pluto does not", "Pluto rotates on its axis and the other planets do not" ]

B

arceasy

null

arceasy_train_104

When an iron nail wrapped in a copper wire is attached to a circuit, it forms

[ "a battery.", "an engine.", "an insulator.", "an electromagnet." ]

D

arceasy

null

arceasy_train_105

Which gas accounts for the largest percentage of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

[ "carbon monoxide", "carbon dioxide", "nitrous oxide", "water vapor" ]

D

arceasy

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