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Which American-born Sinclair won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1930?
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"Sinclair Lewis Harry Sinclair Lewis (February 7, 1885 – January 10, 1951) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. In 1930, he became the first writer from the United States to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, which was awarded ""for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters."" His works are known for their insightful and critical views of American capitalism and materialism between the wars. He is also respected for his strong characterizations of modern working women. H. L. Mencken wrote of him, ""[If] there"
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"of alcoholism ""per se"". He reported that Lewis had a heart attack and that his doctors advised him to stop drinking if he wanted to live. Lewis did not stop, and perhaps could not; he died when his heart stopped. In summing up Lewis' career, Shirer concludes: Samuel J. Rogal edited ""The Short Stories of Sinclair Lewis (1904–1949)"", a seven-volume set published in 2007 by Edwin Mellen Press. The first attempt to collect all of Lewis's short stories. Sinclair Lewis Harry Sinclair Lewis (February 7, 1885 – January 10, 1951) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. In 1930,"
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"Upton Sinclair Upton Beall Sinclair Jr. (September 20, 1878 – November 25, 1968) was an American writer who wrote nearly 100 books and other works in several genres. Sinclair's work was well known and popular in the first half of the 20th century, and he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1943. In 1906, Sinclair acquired particular fame for his classic muck-raking novel ""The Jungle"", which exposed labor and sanitary conditions in the U.S. meatpacking industry, causing a public uproar that contributed in part to the passage a few months later of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act"
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"Bennie Lee Sinclair Bennie Lee Sinclair (April 15, 1939 – May 22, 2000) was an American poet, novelist, and short story writer. She was named by Governor Richard Wilson Riley as the fifth South Carolina Poet Laureate from 1986 to 2000. Sinclair was born on April 15, 1939, in Greenville, South Carolina. She was born to William Graham Sinclair, Sr., and the former Bennie Lee Ward. Her parents separated when she was five years old and she stayed with her mother. Sinclair graduated from Greenville High School in 1956 and then graduated from Furman University in 1961. She was elected"
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"Jo Sinclair Ruth Seid (July 1, 1913 – April 4, 1995), was an American novelist who wrote under the pen name Jo Sinclair. She earned awards and critical praise for her novels about race relations and the struggles of immigrant families in America. The fifth child and third daughter of Jewish immigrants, Ruth Seid was born in Brooklyn, New York on July 1, 1913, the daughter of Nathan Seid and his wife, Ida (Kravetsky). In an effort to escape the blinding poverty in which they lived, the Seid family moved to Cleveland, Ohio in 1916, but her parents were unable"
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"as the narrator. His book ""The Better Half: The Emancipation of the American Woman"" won the Somerset Maugham Prize in 1967. His biographies have covered a wide variety of famous people: Che Guevara, Dylan Thomas, Jack London, John Ford, J Pierpont Morgan and Francis Bacon. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1972. His most recent work is his autobiography, ""Storytelling: A Sort of Memoir"" (2018). Sinclair was Director of Historical Studies, Churchill College, Cambridge, 1961–63; and Lecturer in American History, University College London (UCL), 1965–67. His writings on persons and themes of American history"
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"Linnea Sinclair Linnea Sinclair (born 1954 in New Jersey, United States) is an American writer of Science Fiction Romance, Fantasy romance and Paranormal romance. Sinclair's ""Gabriel's Ghost"" was the winner of the 2006 RITA Award in the Best Paranormal Romance category. She has used the pseudonym Megan Sybil Baker. Formerly, she has been a news reporter and a private detective. Linnea Sinclair was born in New Jersey, USA. She studied journalism and criminology at Indiana University Bloomington (1972–1975) and Florida State University. Sinclair is a former investigative news reporter and private investigator in the Central Florida area who has written"
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"stories and articles although her output slowed somewhat as she aged. She succumbed to cancer on April 4, 1995 at the age of 81 at her home in Jenkintown, Pennsylvania. Jo Sinclair Ruth Seid (July 1, 1913 – April 4, 1995), was an American novelist who wrote under the pen name Jo Sinclair. She earned awards and critical praise for her novels about race relations and the struggles of immigrant families in America. The fifth child and third daughter of Jewish immigrants, Ruth Seid was born in Brooklyn, New York on July 1, 1913, the daughter of Nathan Seid and"
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"Poetry. Other awards include: Sinclair published works included a novel, short stories, and poetry: In addition to her collections, some of her writings have been anthologized and have appeared in magazines and journals such as ""Foxfire"", ""Ms."", ""North American Review"", and ""The South Carolina Review"". In 1994, Sinclair composed the alma mater for Coastal Carolina University. Bennie Lee Sinclair Bennie Lee Sinclair (April 15, 1939 – May 22, 2000) was an American poet, novelist, and short story writer. She was named by Governor Richard Wilson Riley as the fifth South Carolina Poet Laureate from 1986 to 2000. Sinclair was born"
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"also been the British Library Penguin Writer's Fellow, as well as a visiting lecturer, most frequently at the University of East Anglia, but also at the University of California, Santa Cruz, his special subjects being gothic fiction, creative writing, detective fiction, and Holocaust literature. His recent books include ""Clive Sinclair's True Tales of the Wild West"", ""A Soap Opera From Hell: Essays on the Facts of Life and the Facts of Death"" and ""Death & Texas"". Sinclair was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1983. Sinclair died in March 2018, aged 70. A posthumous collection of"
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"Mary Craig, Sinclair wrote or produced several films. Recruited by Charlie Chaplin, Sinclair and Mary Craig produced Eisenstein's ""¡Qué viva México!"" in 1930–32. Aside from his political and social writings, Sinclair took an interest in occult phenomena and experimented with telepathy. His book ""Mental Radio"" (1930) included accounts of his wife Mary's telepathic experiences and ability. William McDougall read the book and wrote an introduction to it, which led him to establish the parapsychology department at Duke University. Sinclair broke with the Socialist party in 1917 and supported the war effort. By the 1920s, however, he had returned to the"
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"Sue Sinclair Sue Sinclair is an award-winning Canadian poet. She was raised in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, and studied at Mount Allison University in Sackville, New Brunswick, graduated in 1994 and then continued her education at the University of New Brunswick. She then went on to complete an MA & PhD in Philosophy at the University of Toronto. Sinclair's first collection of poetry, ""Secrets of Weather and Hope"" (2001), was a finalist for the 2002 Gerald Lampert Award. ""Mortal Arguments"" (2003) was a finalist for the Atlantic Poetry Prize. Her third collection, ""The Drunken Lovely Bird"", won the International"
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"Babbitt (novel) Babbitt (1922), by Sinclair Lewis, is a satirical novel about American culture and society that critiques the vacuity of middle-class life and the social pressure toward conformity. The controversy provoked by ""Babbitt"" was influential in the decision to award the Nobel Prize in literature to Lewis in 1930. The word ""Babbitt"" entered the English language as a ""person and especially a business or professional man who conforms unthinkingly to prevailing middle-class standards"". After the social instability and sharp economic depression that followed World War I, many Americans in the 1920s saw business and city growth as foundations for"
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"was ever a novelist among us with an authentic call to the trade ... it is this red-haired tornado from the Minnesota wilds."" He has been honored by the U.S. Postal Service with a postage stamp in the Great Americans series. Born February 7, 1885, in the village of Sauk Centre, Minnesota, Sinclair Lewis began reading books at a young age and kept a diary. He had two siblings, Fred (born 1875) and Claude (born 1878). His father, Edwin J. Lewis, was a physician and a stern disciplinarian who had difficulty relating to his sensitive, unathletic third son. Lewis's mother,"
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"such as ""Eisenstein on Disney"", have surfaced decades later as seminal scholarly texts used as curriculum in film schools around the world. Eisenstein and his entourage spent considerable time with Charlie Chaplin, who recommended that Eisenstein meet with a sympathetic benefactor in the person of American socialist author Upton Sinclair. Sinclair's works had been accepted by and were widely read in the USSR, and were known to Eisenstein. The two had mutual admiration and between the end of October 1930 and Thanksgiving of that year, Sinclair had secured an extension of Eisenstein's absences from the USSR, and permission for him"
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"a raw food diet of predominantly vegetables and nuts. For long periods of time, he was a complete vegetarian, but he also experimented with eating meat. His attitude to these matters was fully explained in the chapter, ""The Use of Meat"", in the above-mentioned book. Fiction Autobiographical Non-fiction Drama As editor Upton Sinclair Upton Beall Sinclair Jr. (September 20, 1878 – November 25, 1968) was an American writer who wrote nearly 100 books and other works in several genres. Sinclair's work was well known and popular in the first half of the 20th century, and he won the Pulitzer Prize"
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"John Sinclair (poet) John Sinclair (born October 2, 1941) is an American poet, writer, and political activist from Flint, Michigan. Sinclair's defining style is jazz poetry, and he has released most of his works in audio formats. Most of his pieces include musical accompaniment, usually by a varying group of collaborators dubbed Blues Scholars. As an emerging young poet in the mid-1960s, Sinclair took on the role of manager for the Detroit rock band MC5. The band's politically charged music and its Yippie core audience dovetailed with Sinclair's own radical development. In 1968, while still working with the band, he"
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"altered version. Not until 1981 did Dreiser's unaltered version appear when the University of Pennsylvania Press issued a scholarly edition based upon the original manuscript held by the New York Public Library. It is a reconstruction by a team of leading scholars to represent the novel before it was edited by hands other than Dreiser's. In his Nobel Prize Lecture of 1930, Sinclair Lewis said that ""Dreiser's great first novel, ""Sister Carrie"", which he dared to publish thirty long years ago and which I read twenty-five years ago, came to housebound and airless America like a great free Western wind,"
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"died there in a nursing home on November 25, 1968, a year after his wife. He is buried in Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington, DC, next to Willis. Sinclair devoted his writing career to documenting and criticizing the social and economic conditions of the early 20th century in both fiction and nonfiction. He exposed his view of the injustices of capitalism and the overwhelming effects of poverty among the working class. He also edited collections of fiction and nonfiction. His novel based on the meatpacking industry in Chicago, ""The Jungle,"" was first published in serial form in the socialist newspaper"
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"American woman to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. After returning to the United States in 1935, she continued writing prolifically, became a prominent advocate of the rights of women and minority groups, and wrote widely on Chinese and Asian cultures, becoming particularly well known for her efforts on behalf of Asian and mixed-race adoption. Originally named Comfort by her parents, Pearl Sydenstricker was born in Hillsboro, West Virginia, to Caroline Maude (Stulting) (1857–1921) and Dr. Absalom Sydenstricker. Her parents, Southern Presbyterian missionaries, traveled to China soon after their marriage on July 8, 1880, but returned to the United States"
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"community of Greenville County, South Carolina, which they moved into in 1976. Sinclair had suffered from diabetes and suffered many ailments over the last several years of her life. In 1993, she underwent a kidney transplant. She died of an apparent heart attack on May 22, 2000, in Greenville, South Carolina. Sinclair was one of the featured writers of the Southern Appalachian Writers Collection exhibition in the 1980s at the University of North Carolina at Asheville. The university still maintains the materials in that collection. Her 1990 book of poetry, ""Lord of Spring"", was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize for"
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"his work, entitled ""Shylock Must Die"" – based on the character Shylock – was published in July 2018. Clive Sinclair (author) Clive John Sinclair (19 February 1948 – 5 March 2018) was a British author who published several award-winning novels and collections of short stories, including ""The Lady with the Laptop"" and ""Bedbugs"". Sinclair, who was born into a Jewish family originally named Smolensky, grew up in Hendon, North London, and was educated at the University of East Anglia (BA, PhD), the University of California, Santa Cruz, and at the University of Exeter. Although his writing career began with short"
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"Clive Sinclair (author) Clive John Sinclair (19 February 1948 – 5 March 2018) was a British author who published several award-winning novels and collections of short stories, including ""The Lady with the Laptop"" and ""Bedbugs"". Sinclair, who was born into a Jewish family originally named Smolensky, grew up in Hendon, North London, and was educated at the University of East Anglia (BA, PhD), the University of California, Santa Cruz, and at the University of Exeter. Although his writing career began with short stories that appeared in magazines and journals, his first book was a novel – ""Bibliosexuality"" – which was"
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"Sinclair hoped ""Boston"" would win the Pulitzer Prize, but the chairman of the 1928 Pulitzer Prize Committee said his personal opinion was that its ""socialistic tendencies"" and ""special pleading"" made it unsuitable. When the Committee named John B. Oliver's ""Victim and Victor"" instead, Sinclair denounced the selection in a widely distributed letter that pointed out how that novel was as argumentative as ""Boston"" only for a more respectable cause. In the end, the Pulitzer advisory committee at the Columbia University School of Journalism overrode the Committee's choice and awarded the Pulitzer to Julia Peterkin's ""Scarlet Sister Mary"". ""Boston"" met with"
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"Ronald Sinclair Ronald Sinclair (21 January 1924 – 22 November 1992), born Richard Arthur Hould and sometimes credited as Ra Hould or Ron Sinclair, was a child actor from New Zealand, turned film editor. Sinclair was a juvenile player turned film editor who retained his celebrity in his native New Zealand long after the end of his Hollywood acting career. Sinclair's feature credits include William Wellman's ""The Light That Failed,"" ""Tower of London"", Alexander Korda's ""That Hamilton Woman"" and Raoul Walsh's ""Desperate Journey"". He also appeared in a series of children's adventure films featuring the ""Five Little Peppers"". Sinclair also"
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"novel about American life. The book dealt with the problems facing second-generation Russian Jewish immigrants, including a disdain for tradition and a shame over family. With the $10,000 prize, Seid was able to provide for herself and her family. It also helped that her novel earned respectful reviews. She went on to write three more novels: ""Sing at My Wake"" (McGraw, 1951); ""The Changelings"" (McGraw, 1955); and ""Anna Teller"" (McKay, 1960). Although ""Wasteland"" is the best known of Sinclair's novels, the later books seem more powerful and sensitive. Sinclair is much more successful when she presents female characters and when"
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"zines, records, and documentaries highlighting John Sinclair's contribution to the historic cannabis legalisation effort, rock music in Detroit, and psychedelic communitarianism. John Sinclair has recorded several of his poems and essays. On these albums blues and jazz musicians provide psychedelic soundscapes to accompany his delivery: John Sinclair (poet) John Sinclair (born October 2, 1941) is an American poet, writer, and political activist from Flint, Michigan. Sinclair's defining style is jazz poetry, and he has released most of his works in audio formats. Most of his pieces include musical accompaniment, usually by a varying group of collaborators dubbed Blues Scholars. As"
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"Sinclair Ross James Sinclair Ross, CM (January 22, 1908 – February 29, 1996) was a Canadian banker and author, best known for his fiction about life in the Canadian prairies. He is best known for his first novel, ""As For Me and My House"". Ross was born on a homestead near Shellbrook, Saskatchewan. When he was seven, his parents separated, and he lived with his mother on a number of different farms during his childhood, going to school in Indian Head, Saskatchewan. He left school after Grade 11 and in 1924 the sixteen-year-old Ross joined the Union Bank of Canada"
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"in arguments. They married October 18, 1900. They used abstinence as their main form of birth control. Meta became pregnant with a child shortly after they married and attempted to abort it multiple times. The child was born on December 1, 1901, and named David. Meta and her family tried to get Sinclair to give up writing and get ""a job that would support his family."" Around 1911, Meta left Sinclair for the poet Harry Kemp, later known as the ""Dunes Poet"" of Provincetown, Massachusetts. In 1913, Sinclair married Mary Craig Kimbrough (1883–1961), a woman from an elite Greenwood, Mississippi,"
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"the characters in the book, as well as living in the same artist's colony which served as the novel's setting. His sixth book was titled ""The Hills Look Down"", and was published in 1941, to positive reviews. Updegraff died in Paris on December 7, 1965, survived by his wife of over 40 years, Dora Loues Miller. Allan Eugene Updegraff Allan Eugene Updegraff (1883-1965) was an American-born novelist, poet, and editor. After he and his friend, Sinclair Lewis, dropped out of Yale during his junior year, he made a living working odd jobs, as well as writing stories for magazines and"
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"that ""the flower of youth and the best manhood of the peoples [had] been mowed down,"" for example such notable casualties as the poets Isaac Rosenberg, Rupert Brooke, Edward Thomas and Wilfred Owen, composer George Butterworth and physicist Henry Moseley. Members of the Lost Generation include Sinclair Lewis, who was the first American to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, United States Army General George S. Patton, Russian-born composer Irving Berlin, American writer, reporter, and political commentator Walter Lippmann, Earl Warren, American theologian, ethicist, and commentator on politics Reinhold Niebuhr, Actresses Lillian Gish, Mary Pickford, and Mae West, American poet"
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"extremely frail by the mid-1950s, and died in Monrovia, California, on April 26, 1961, at the age of 78. Mary Craig Sinclair Mary Craig Sinclair (1882–1961) was a writer and the wife of Upton Sinclair. She was born Mary Craig Kimbrough in Greenwood, Mississippi on February 12, 1882, the oldest child of Mary Hunter (Southworth) and Allan McCaskill Kimbrough, a judge. Beginning at age 13, Mary studied at the Mississippi State College for Women (starting with what were essentially high school classes) and graduated from the Gardner School for Young Ladies in New York City in 1900. Her father was"
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"Mary P. Sinclair Mary P. Sinclair (September 23, 1918 – January 14, 2011) was an American environmental activist and ""one of the nation’s foremost lay authorities on nuclear energy and its impact on the natural and human environment"". She was born Mary Jean Palcich, raised in Chisholm, Minnesota where she was high school valedictorian, then graduated from the College of St. Catherine in St. Paul, Minnesota. Subsequently, she was a teacher and editor for ""Chemical Industries"" magazine. She worked as a librarian at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., where she met and married William Sinclair in 1945. After"
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Where in England was Dame Judi Dench born?
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"regular contact with the theatre. Her father, a physician, was also the GP for the York theatre, and her mother was its wardrobe mistress. Actors often stayed in the Dench household. During these years, Judi Dench was involved on a non-professional basis in the first three productions of the modern revival of the York Mystery Plays in 1951, 1954 and 1957. In the third production she played the role of the Virgin Mary, performed on a fixed stage in the Museum Gardens. Though she initially trained as a set designer, she became interested in drama school as her brother Jeff"
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"the RSC what it is: he did not necessarily always play the leading roles, but proved by his presence that the company’s vitality lies in its strength in depth"". Jeffery Dench Jeffery Danny Dench (29 April 1928 – 27 March 2014) was an English actor, best known for his work with the Royal Shakespeare Company. He was the older brother of actress Judi Dench. Jeffery Dench was born in Tyldesley, Lancashire to Eleanora Olave (née Jones), a native of Dublin, and Reginald Arthur Dench, a physician who met his future wife while studying medicine at Trinity College, Dublin. Jeff lived"
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"to independence, published in August 2014, a few weeks before the Scottish referendum. In September 2018, Dench criticized the response to the sexual misconduct allegations made against actor Kevin Spacey, referring to him as a ""good friend"". Judi Dench Dame Judith Olivia Dench (born 9 December 1934) is an English actress. Dench made her professional debut in 1957 with the Old Vic Company. Over the following few years, she performed in several of Shakespeare's plays, in such roles as Ophelia in ""Hamlet"", Juliet in ""Romeo and Juliet"", and Lady Macbeth in ""Macbeth"". Although most of her work during this period"
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"Dame Judi Dench. A significant proportion of the £6.5m building cost was contributed by the National Lottery. The name Theatre by the Lake was decided by public consultation and the first performance in the new building was on 19 August 1999. The theatre has two auditoria: 400 seats in the Main House; and 100 seats in the Studio. Theatre by the Lake Theatre by the Lake in Keswick, Cumbria, England is situated on the shores of Derwentwater in the Lake District. It opened in 1999 (replacing the mobile Century Theatre) and was made possible by an Arts Council Lottery Fund"
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"Judi Dench Dame Judith Olivia Dench (born 9 December 1934) is an English actress. Dench made her professional debut in 1957 with the Old Vic Company. Over the following few years, she performed in several of Shakespeare's plays, in such roles as Ophelia in ""Hamlet"", Juliet in ""Romeo and Juliet"", and Lady Macbeth in ""Macbeth"". Although most of her work during this period was in theatre, she also branched into film work and won a BAFTA Award as Most Promising Newcomer. She drew strong reviews for her leading role in the musical ""Cabaret"" in 1968. Over the next two decades,"
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"She has also received the BAFTA Fellowship in 2001, and the Special Olivier Award in 2004. In June 2011, she received a fellowship from the British Film Institute (BFI). Dench is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (FRSA). Dench was born in Heworth, North Riding of Yorkshire. Her mother, Eleanora Olive (""née"" Jones), was born in Dublin, Ireland. Her father, Reginald Arthur Dench, a doctor, was born in Dorset, England, and later moved to Dublin, where he was brought up. He met Dench's mother while he was studying medicine at Trinity College, Dublin. Dench attended the Mount"
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"Can Dance"" in the United States, for which she has been nominated five times for a Primetime Emmy. Since 2003, Deeley has been a patron of London's Great Ormond Street Hospital for sick children. In December 2009, she was made a UNICEF UK ambassador. She is married to Northern Irish comedian and television personality Patrick Kielty. Deeley was born at Sandwell General Hospital, West Bromwich, England and grew up in Sutton Coldfield and Great Barr. She attended Grove Vale Junior School followed by Dartmouth High School in Great Barr, where she played the clarinet in the Sandwell Youth Concert Band."
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"Judi Dench filmography Dame Judi Dench is an English actress who has worked in theater, television, and film. Dench made her professional debut in 1957 with the Old Vic Company. Over the following few years she played in several of Shakespeare's plays in such roles as Ophelia in ""Hamlet"", Juliet in ""Romeo and Juliet"" and Lady Macbeth in ""Macbeth"". She branched into film work, and won a BAFTA Award as Most Promising Newcomer; however, most of her work during this period was in theatre. Over the next two decades, she established herself as one of the most significant British theatre"
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"London in 1586, the daughter of Walter Dunch of Avebury Manor in Wiltshire and his wife, also called Deborah. She was the daughter of James Pilkington, Bishop of Durham and his wife. Walter's father was Sir William Dunch, the Auditor of the Royal Mint. Deborah married Sir Henry Moody, 1st Baronet. By marriage she was entitled to be addressed as Lady Moody. She was widowed by 1629. Lady Moody left England in 1639 due to religious persecution, as she had adopted Anabaptist beliefs. At the age of 54, she settled in the town of Saugus, Massachusetts. She moved to a"
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"to Dench. In addition, Hare received a special citation from the New York Drama Critics' Circle. It was revived in November 2006 with Felicity Kendal and Jenna Russell in the lead roles and toured various English theatres until February 2007. The play takes place in Berkshire near Pangbourne, and in London, from 1979 to 1995. Over the course of these sixteen years, ""a running argument about the respective virtues of traditional theater and the media arts weaves its way through espoused opinions on marriage, love, fame, fidelity, betrayal, personal and artistic integrity, and the sometimes elusive ethics of the corporate"
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"and an English mother, Theresa, who was a kindergarten teacher. Her father was born in France. Elmaloglou left school at the age of 15 and trained at the Keane Kids studios in Sydney, where she studied acting, singing and dancing. Dame Judi Dench is a cousin. When working on ""Home and Away"" (from 1990–93), she suffered frequently from panic attacks. She was later diagnosed with OCD and has been open about her condition. Elmaloglou's first child, Kai, with partner Kane Baker was born in 2008. She married Kane in 2009. Elmaloglou has appeared in numerous roles in various programmes and"
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"Dench which Dench had previously helped to promote. In 2019, Dench will star as Old Deuteronomy in the film adaptation of ""Cats"" alongside Jennifer Hudson, Ian McKellen, Taylor Swift, James Corden, and Idris Elba. Dench is a long-time resident of Outwood, Surrey. On 5 February 1971, Dench married British actor Michael Williams. They had their only child, Tara Cressida Frances Williams, an actress known professionally as Finty Williams, on 24 September 1972. Dench and her husband starred together in several stage productions and on the Bob Larbey British television sitcom, ""A Fine Romance"" (1981–84). Michael Williams died from lung cancer"
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"Di Botcher Di Botcher is a Welsh actress born in Taibach in Port Talbot in 1959. She has appeared in film and television and on stage in plays and musicals since the 1980s. She starred in several British television sitcoms and dramas, including Sky comedy drama ""Stella"", BBC comedies ""Little Britain"" and ""Tittybangbang"" and ITV period drama ""Downton Abbey"". In 2018, she joined ""Casualty"" as Jan Jennings. Botcher was born in 1959 in Taibach, Port Talbot, Glamorgan, in Wales, one of two children to parents Bernard and Glenys Botcher. She read English and drama at Warwick University, and after graduating,"
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"questioned why Renée waited until the Marquis was finally let out of prison to leave him. In March 2009 London's Donmar Warehouse staged a production at Wyndhams Theatre directed by Michael Grandage. It starred Rosamund Pike (in the title role) and Judi Dench as her mother, Madame De Montreuil. Frances Barber, Deborah Findlay, Jenny Galloway and Fiona Button co-starred. Judi Dench was forced to miss several performances after she tripped over the stage-doors and severely sprained her ankle and thus her understudy, Marjorie Hayward, took over the role. When Dench did return four days after the injury, she performed with"
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"where she was partnered with professional skater Matt Evers, and in 2012 she won the ninth series of ""Celebrity Big Brother"". 2012 also saw her star as Truvy in the UK touring production of the play ""Steel Magnolias"". Jacqueline Denise Welch was born in Tynemouth, North Tyneside. She has a younger sister Debbie. She attended Bygate School in Whitley Bay, La Sagesse Roman Catholic School in Newcastle upon Tyne, before moving to Ebchester, County Durham at the age of 13 where she attended Blackfyne Grammar School in Consett and passed five GCE exams. She developed a penchant for acting at"
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"Peter Dench Peter Dench (23 April 1972) is a photojournalist working primarily in advertising, editorial and portraiture photography. His work has been published in a number of his own books, exhibited and won awards. Dench was born and grew up in Weymouth, Dorset. He graduated from the University of Derby with a degree in Photographic Studies in 1995 and has been working as a photojournalist since 1998. He currently lives in Crouch End, London. Dench is best known for his decade of work documenting England. He breaks the subject down into manageable chunks with a specific theme (thereby also making"
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"Geoff Dench Professor Geoff Dench (14 August 1940 - 24 June 2018) was a British social scientist whose work related particularly to the lives of working class men. He did extensive research using opinion surveys and arrived at conclusions relating to immigration, meritocracy and feminism that were out of keeping with prevailing attitudes in British academia in the later twentieth century. Geoff Dench was born in Brighton on 14 August 1940 to Herbert, a dental technician, and Edna, who had trained as an accountant. He did not see his father until he was five years old due to the Second"
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"of Flavigny-sur-Ozerain in Burgundy, France, and on the Rue De L'ancienne Poste in Beynac-et-Cazenac on the Dordogne River in Dordogne, France. The river scenes were filmed at Fonthill Lake at Fonthill Bishop in Wiltshire, England and interior scenes at Shepperton Studios, Surrey, England. The film was nominated for five Academy Awards, including Best Picture. It was also nominated for eight BAFTAs, and four Golden Globes. Judi Dench won a Screen Actors Guild Award for her performance in the film. An unnamed woman narrates the story of Vianne Rocher (Juliette Binoche), an expert chocolatier who drifts across Europe with her daughter"
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"the world in 2012 and 2016. Her 2016–17 tour, saw her break attendance records in a number of countries, including the UK, Australia, and the US. With sales of more than 100 million records, Adele is one of the world's best-selling music artists. Adele Laurie Blue Adkins was born on 5 May 1988 in Tottenham, London, to an English mother, Penny Adkins, and a Welsh father, Marc Evans. Evans left when Adele was two, leaving her mother to raise her. She began singing at age four and asserts that she became obsessed with voices. Growing up, Adele spent most of"
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"Los Angeles, where they live. In 2017, O'Porter gave birth to a second son, Valentine. Dawn O'Porter Dawn O'Porter (born Dawn Porter; born 23 January 1979) is a British writer, director and television presenter. She was born in Alexandria, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland but raised in Guernsey. She studied acting at the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts but in her third year decided that acting was not for her and did work experience on the television series ""Baddiel and Skinner Unplanned"" rather than participate in a school production. Porter's father lives in Scotland. Having established her credentials as a writer and"
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"Jean Denton, Baroness Denton of Wakefield Jean Denton, Baroness Denton of Wakefield CBE (29 December 1935 – 5 February 2001) was a British businesswoman and politician. Jean Moss was born in 1935 she was the daughter of Charles and Kathleen Moss (born Tuke) in Wakefield in Yorkshire. Her father worked at a hospital and her mother was a school cook. When she was 8 she represented Yorkshire in a child's version of the radio programme Round Britain Quiz. Moss attended Rothwell Grammar School near Leeds. When she was fourteen she had to take bed rest for a year to cure"
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"of the late historian and journalist, Josef Fraenkel (b. 1903, Ustrzyki Dolne, Poland) who fled Vienna and then Prague from the Nazis. He arrived in Britain on 3 September 1939, the day the Allies declared war on Germany. Several other members of her family were murdered in Nazi concentration camps during World War II. Her first cousin is Maurice Frankel, Director of the UK Campaign for Freedom of Information. In 2008, it emerged that a 101-yr old Polish artist living in Kraków, Eugeniusz Waniek, had in his possession a set of silver cutlery which had once belonged to Deech's father's"
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"Jakki Degg Jakki Degg (born 20 February 1978) is an English glamour model and actress. While the bulk of her work has been done in England, she has appeared in American film and television, and has posed for posters and magazine pictorials. Although born in Stone, Degg, daughter of David Degg, was raised in Hednesford, Staffordshire, England. Degg studied dance as a child, particularly ballet, and won several competitions. She went on to hairdressing school and managed a salon of her own by age 20. Jakki became famous when, at her mother's encouragement, she entered and won the inaugural Max"
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"received an honorary DLitt degree from Durham University. On 24 June 2008, she was honoured by the University of St Andrews, receiving an honorary DLitt degree at the university's graduation ceremony. On 26 June 2013, she was honoured by the University of Stirling, receiving an honorary doctorate at the university's graduation ceremony in recognition of her outstanding contribution to the Arts, particularly to film. In March 2013, Dench was listed as one of the fifty best-dressed over 50s by ""The Guardian"". One of the highest-profile actresses in British popular culture, Dench appeared on Debrett's 2017 list of the most influential"
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"a 19 CD box set which was released in November 2010. Denny was born on 6 January 1947 at Nelson Hospital, Kingston Road, Merton Park, London. She studied classical piano as a child. Her Scottish grandmother was a singer of traditional songs. At an early age Denny showed an interest in singing, although her strict parents were reluctant to believe there was a living to be made from it. Sandy Denny attended Coombe Girls' School in New Malden. After leaving school, she started training as a nurse at the Royal Brompton Hospital. Her nursing career proved short-lived. In the meantime"
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"Award UK for Best Performance in a Musical for her performance as Dolly Levi in ""Hello Dolly"" at Curve, Leicester. Janie Dee was born in Old Windsor, Berkshire. She is the daughter of John Lewis and Ruth Lewis (née Miller) and the eldest of four sisters. She trained at the Arts Educational School in Chiswick, London. On leaving ArtsEd, Dee began her career as a dancer, subsequently moving to Rome, Italy where she taught dance, took singing lessons, and learned to speak Italian. Dee's first West End production was Gillian Lynne's 1986 revival of ""Cabaret"" by Kander and Ebb in"
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"something you can actually do to put things right or make the best of those that are wrong."" Born in Hampstead, London, she is the daughter of the novelists Nigel Balchin and Elizabeth Ayrton. She graduated from Newnham College, Cambridge, with honours in 1959. After Cambridge, she attended the London School of Economics, where she received her PhD in psychology (1964) and lectured on child development. Her first research positions included a year in the Home Office Research Unit studying juvenile crime and six years at the Medical Research Council Developmental Research Unit. Leach is a fellow of the British"
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"in Wonderland"" (2010) and ""Alice Through the Looking Glass"" (2016). Windsor was born in Shoreditch, London, in 1937 (her birth was registered in Stepney), the only child of John Deeks, a costermonger, and his wife, Rose (née Ellis), a dressmaker. Windsor is of English and Irish ancestry. She passed her 11-plus exams gaining a place at Our Lady's Convent in Stamford Hill. Her mother paid for her to have elocution lessons, and she trained at the Aida Foster School in Golders Green, making her stage debut at 13 and her West End debut in 1952 in the chorus of the"
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"from 1996 to 2004. Their daughter Tallulah Rose Tepper was born on 20 February 1997 in Los Angeles, California. Since 2007 she has lived in Los Angeles with Vinnie Tortorich, fitness expert, podcaster, and author of ""Fitness Confidential"". Serena Scott Thomas Serena Harriet Scott Thomas (born 21 September 1961) is an English actress. Her television roles include Diana, Princess of Wales in """" in 1993. Her film appearances include ""The World Is Not Enough"" (1999), ""Hostage"" (2005), ""Brothel"" (2008), and ""Inherent Vice"" (2014). Scott Thomas was born in Nether Compton, Dorset. Her mother, Deborah (née Hurlbatt), was brought up in"
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"of Fire"" (2005) and ""Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1"" (2010). Other television roles include Emma Porlock in the Dennis Potter serial ""Cold Lazarus"" (1996), Headmistress Margaret Baron in BBC sitcom ""Big School"" and Violet Crosby in the sitcom ""Vicious"". De la Tour was born in Bovingdon, Hertfordshire, to Moyra (née Fessas) and Charles de la Tour (1909–1982). The name was also spelt De Lautour, and it was in this form that her birth was registered in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, in the third quarter of 1944. She has French, Greek, and Irish ancestry. She was educated at"
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"received Classic Brit Awards as Album of the Year. She has also been seen widely in concert, including performing for British troops in Iraq and Afghanistan. She has also sung at sporting events, on television shows and in support of many charities. In Spring 2012, she competed on the U.S. television show ""Dancing with the Stars"", finishing in second place, behind NFL Super Bowl champion Donald Driver. Jenkins was born in Neath, Wales, where she and her sister Laura were raised by their parents Selwyn John and Susan. She attended Alderman Davies Church in Wales Primary School in Neath, Dwr-y-Felin"
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"in Camberwell, London, England, on 25 March 1927. Her father, Sidney Thomas, was a champion boxer, and her mother, Beatrice (née Aberdeen), a dressmaker. After graduating from the London School of Economics with a degree in sociology and political science, she became a social worker. She emigrated to the United States to live with her first husband, an American golfer. Whilst in America she worked as a journalist. Anderson returned to the United Kingdom in 1955 with her daughter. She joined the newly founded and short-lived Polytechnic Films as an office assistant in 1957. There, she met Gerry Anderson, an"
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"recognisable writers. She appeared in the US market, featuring on ""The New York Times"" best-seller list and in Oprah's Book Club. Recognised for her ""total absence of malice"" and generosity to other writers, she finished 3rd in a 2000 poll for World Book Day, ahead of Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, and Stephen King. Anne Maeve Binchy was born on 28 May 1939 in Dalkey, the oldest of the four children of William and Maureen (née Blackmore) Binchy. Her siblings include one brother, William Binchy, Regius Professor of Laws at Trinity College, Dublin, and two sisters: Irene ""Renie"" (who predeceased Binchy),"
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From which country did Angola achieve independence in 1975?
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"they really are. Angola's colonial era ended with the Angolan War of Independence against Portugal occurred between 1970 and 1975. Independence did not produce a unified Angola, however; the country plunged into years of civil war between the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and the governing Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). 30 years of war would produce historical legacies that combine to allow for the persistence of a highly corrupt government system. The Angolan civil war was fought between the pro-western UNITA and the communist MPLA and had the characteristics typical of a"
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"1970s in Angola The 1970s in Angola, a time of political and military turbulence, saw the end of Angola's War of Independence (1961–1975) and the outbreak of civil war (1975–2002). Agostinho Neto, the leader of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), declared the independence of the People's Republic of Angola on November 11, 1975, in accordance with the Alvor Accords. UNITA and the FNLA also declared Angolan independence as the Social Democratic Republic of Angola based in Huambo and the Democratic Republic of Angola based in Ambriz. FLEC, armed and backed by the French government, declared the"
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"governments of Angola, Zambia, and Zaire signed a non-aggression pact. 1970s in Angola The 1970s in Angola, a time of political and military turbulence, saw the end of Angola's War of Independence (1961–1975) and the outbreak of civil war (1975–2002). Agostinho Neto, the leader of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), declared the independence of the People's Republic of Angola on November 11, 1975, in accordance with the Alvor Accords. UNITA and the FNLA also declared Angolan independence as the Social Democratic Republic of Angola based in Huambo and the Democratic Republic of Angola based in Ambriz."
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"Portuguese Overseas Province of Angola as the People's Republic of Angola on 11 November 1975. UNITA declared Angolan independence as the Social Democratic Republic of Angola based in Huambo, and the FNLA declared the Democratic Republic of Angola based in Ambriz. FLEC, armed and backed by the French government, declared the independence of the Republic of Cabinda from Paris. The FNLA and UNITA forged an alliance on 23 November, proclaiming their own coalition government based in Huambo with Holden Roberto and Jonas Savimbi as co-Presidents, and José Ndelé and Johnny Pinnock Eduardo as co-Prime Ministers. In early November 1975, the"
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"than 400 years from the 15th century. Demands for independence picked up momentum during the early 1950s, with the principal protagonists including the MPLA, founded in 1956, the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), which appeared in 1961, and the UNITA, founded in 1966. After many years of conflict that weakened all of the insurgent parties, Angola gained independence on 11 November 1975, after the Carnation Revolution in Portugal, which overthrew the Portuguese regime headed by Marcelo Caetano. A fight for dominance broke out immediately between the three nationalist movements. The events prompted a mass exodus of Portuguese"
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"declaration of independence. In response, Cuba intervened in favor of the MPLA, which became a flash point for the Cold War. With Cuban support, the MPLA held Luanda and declared independence on 11 November 1975, with Agostinho Neto becoming the first president, though the civil war continued. At this time, most of the half-million Portuguese who lived in Angola – and who had accounted for the majority of the skilled workers in public administration, agriculture, industries and trade – fled the country, leaving its once prosperous and growing economy in a state of bankruptcy. Cuban intervention in Angola is believed"
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"(UNITA), founded in 1966. After many years of conflict that weakened all of the insurgent parties, Angola gained its independence on 11 November 1975, after the 1974 coup d'état in Lisbon, Portugal, which overthrew the Portuguese régime headed by Marcelo Caetano. A fight for dominance broke out immediately between the three nationalist movements. The events prompted a mass exodus of Portuguese citizens, creating up to 300 000 destitute Portuguese refugees—the ""retornados"". The new Portuguese government tried to mediate an understanding between the three competing movements, which was initially agreed by the movements, but later failed and resulted in a devastating"
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"mutiny and leftist coup in Lisbon, Angola's independence was achieved on November 11, 1975 through the Alvor Agreement. After independence, Angola later entered a period of civil war that lasted up until 2002. The area of current day Angola was inhabited during the paleolithic and neolithic eras, as attested by remains found in Luanda, Congo, and the Namibe desert. At the beginning of recorded history other cultures and people also arrived. The first ones to settle were the San people. This changed at the beginning of the sixth century AD, when the Bantu, already in possession of metal-working technology, ceramics"
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"nationalist's demands for independence, thereby provoking the armed conflict that started in 1961 when guerrillas attacked colonial assets in cross-border operations in northeastern Angola The war came to be known as the Colonial War. In this struggle, the principal protagonists were the MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola), founded in 1956, the FNLA (National Front for the Liberation of Angola), which appeared in 1961, and UNITA (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola), founded in 1966. After many years of conflict, the nation gained its independence on 11 November 1975, after the 1974 coup d'état in Lisbon,"
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"started in 1961 when freedom fighters attacked both white and black civilians in cross-border operations in northeastern Angola, which was called the Colonial War. The principal protagonists included the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), founded in 1956, the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), which appeared in 1961, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), founded in 1966. After many years of conflict that weakened all of the insurgent parties, Angola gained its independence on 11 November 1975, after the 1974 coup d'état in Lisbon, Portugal, which overthrew the Portuguese régime"
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"Angola–France relations Franco-Angolan relations are foreign relations between France and Angola. Relations between the two countries have not always been cordial due to the former French government's policy of supporting militant separatists in Angola's Cabinda province and the international Angolagate scandal embarrassed both governments by exposing corruption and illicit arms deals. Following French President Nicolas Sarkozy's visit in 2008, relations have improved. Agostinho Neto, the leader of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), declared the independence of the People's Republic of Angola on November 11, 1975, in accordance with the Alvor Accords. National Union for the Total"
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"pushing north. Alvor Agreement The Alvor Agreement, signed on 15 January 1975, granted Angola independence from Portugal on 11 November, ending the war for independence while marking the transition to the Angolan Civil War. The agreement, signed by the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA), National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), and the Portuguese government, was never signed by the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC) or the Eastern Revolt as the other parties excluded them from negotiations. The coalition government established by the"
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"society without ethnic discrimination; agreeing to a transitional government, armed forces and civil service and lastly to co-operate in the country's decolonisation and defence. The FNLA and the other parties would meet in Portimao, Portugal on 10 January 1975 and resulted in the formation of the Alvor Agreement, signed on 15 January 1975, which would grant Angola independence from Portugal on 11 November ending the war of independence. The plan also called for a coalition government and a united army. Within 24 hours of the Alvor Agreement, fighting broke out in Luanda amongst the FNLA and MPLA with further violence"
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"Alvor Agreement The Alvor Agreement, signed on 15 January 1975, granted Angola independence from Portugal on 11 November, ending the war for independence while marking the transition to the Angolan Civil War. The agreement, signed by the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA), National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), and the Portuguese government, was never signed by the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC) or the Eastern Revolt as the other parties excluded them from negotiations. The coalition government established by the Alvor Agreement"
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"quickly broke down and the newly independent Angola broke into a state of civil war. Maintaining control over Luanda and the lucrative oil fields of the Atlantic coastline, Agostinho Neto, the leader of the MPLA, declared the independence of the Portuguese Overseas Province of Angola as the People's Republic of Angola on November 11, 1975, in accordance with the Alvor Accords. UNITA and FNLA together declared Angolan independence in Huambo. These differences reiginited civil war between UNITA & FNLA and the MPLA, with the latter winning the upper hand. Agostinho Neto became the first president upon independence, and he was"
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"with the nationalist movements, and a few even joined them in their fight. The Angolan author Pepetela is among these. When the Salazar regime in Portugal was abolished by a military coup in Portugal, in 1974, and independence was granted to the colonies by the new government, whites overwhelmingly left Angola after independence in 1975. Most of them went to Portugal, where they were called ""retornados"" and were not always welcomed, while others moved to neighboring Namibia (then a South African territory), South Africa or Brazil, or United States. It is estimated that around 250,000 left the country in 1975"
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"and South Africa intervened militarily in favour of the FNLA and UNITA, with the intention of taking Luanda before the declaration of independence. In response, Cuba intervened in favour of the MPLA, and the country became a flash point for the Cold War. With Cuban support, the MPLA held Luanda and declared independence on 11 November 1975, with Agostinho Neto becoming the first president, although the civil war continued. Independent Angola's first constitution dedicated the new republic to eliminating the vestiges of Portuguese colonialism. The Constitution provided numerous guarantees of individual freedom and prohibited discrimination based on color, race, ethnic"
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"were confining many Africans. Many of them were relocated from their homes. In 1974 the Carnation Revolution in Portugal caused the Estado Novo regime to collapse, and Angola become independent from Portugal in 1975. Jonas Savimbi’s UNITA movement began fighting his political rivals soon after independence and gained the support of the United States and South Africa because of his rivals' ties to communism and Cuba. The MPLA leader Agostinho Neto declared himself president of the country with the backing of Cuba and founded a Marxist–Leninist inspired regime. After Neto died in 1979, José Eduardo dos Santos became his successor."
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"Africa intervened militarily in favour of the FNLA and UNITA with the intention of taking Luanda before the declaration of independence. In response, Cuba intervened in favor of the MPLA, which became a flash point for the Cold War. With Cuban support, the MPLA held Luanda and declared independence on 11 November 1975, with Agostinho Neto becoming the first president, though the civil war continued. At this time, most of the half-million Portuguese who lived in Angola – and who had accounted for the majority of the skilled workers in public administration, agriculture, industries and trade – fled the country,"
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"Quifangondo on 10 November 1975, the day before the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) declared Angola's independence from Portugal. Cuba supplied the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) rebels with weapons and soldiers along with tanks to fight as the Cuban military would fight alongside the MPLA in major battles. The arrival of the T-55 tanks in 1963 allowed Castro to send many of the older T-34-85 tanks to the conflict in Angola in 1975. All of the T-34s in Angola were armed with a ZiS-S-53 85mm main gun and two 7.62mm DT machine guns,"
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"on 5 January 1975 and agreed to stop fighting each other, further outlining constitutional negotiations with the Portuguese. They met for a third time, with Portuguese government officials, in Alvor, Portugal from 10 till 15 January. They signed on 15 January what became known as the Alvor Agreement, granting Angola independence on 11 November and establishing a transitional government. The agreement ended the war for independence while marking the transition to civil war. The Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC) and Eastern Revolt never signed the agreement as they were excluded from negotiations. The coalition government"
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"between the three rebel factions and Portugal that were to pave the way to independence. Under its terms, a transitional government was formed, elections were scheduled for the end of the year, and 11 November 1975 was slated as Angola's independence day. Fighting between the three rebel factions started soon after the transitional government took office on 31 January 1975, with each movement gaining control of their traditional areas of influence by mid-1975: the MPLA in the capital and central Angola, the FNLA in the north and UNITA in the south. The FNLA was defeated in the 1970s and the"
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"the combatants. The FNLA occupied northern Angola and UNITA the central south, while the MPLA mostly occupied the coastline, the far south-east and, after capturing it in November 1974, Cabinda. Negotiations for independence resulted in the Treaty of Alvor being signed on 15 January 1975, naming the date of official independence as 11 November 1975. The agreement ended the war for independence but marked the escalation of the civil war. Two dissenting groups, the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda and the Eastern Revolt, never signed the accords, as they were excluded from negotiations. The coalition government"
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"United States, the People's Republic of China and the Mobutu government in Zaïre. The United States, South Africa, and several other African nations also supported Jonas Savimbi's National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), whose ethnic and regional base lies in the Ovimbundu heartland of central Angola. The government of the Soviet Union, well aware of South African activity in southern Angola, flew Cuban soldiers into Luanda one week before November 11, 1975, the date on which Angolan nationalists had agreed to declare independence. While Cuban officers led the mission and provided the bulk of the troop force,"
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"control over Luanda. On 11 November Neto declared the independence of the People's Republic of Angola. The FNLA and UNITA responded by proclaiming their own government based in Huambo. The South African Army retreated and, with the help of Cuban forces, the MPLA retook most of the south in the beginning of 1976. Many analysts have blamed the transitional government in Portugal for the violence that followed the Alvor Agreement, criticizing the lack of concern about internal Angolan security, and the favoritism towards the MPLA. High Commissioner Coutinho, one of the seven leaders of the National Salvation Junta, openly gave"
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"Angola–Brazil relations Angola–Brazil relations refers to the historical and current bilateral relationship between Angola and Brazil. Brazil was the first country to recognize the independence of Angola, in November 1975. Commercial and economic ties dominate the relations of each country. Both countries are former colonies under the Portuguese Empire; Brazil from the early 16th century until its independence in 1822, and Angola until its independence in 1975. Due to their status as former Portuguese colonies and the transatlantic slave trade, Brazil and Angola have a long and important history of economic ties. Period of the transatlantic slave trade In 1646,"
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"in 1975, the year that Angola became an independent territory known as the People's Republic of Angola. At the age of 19, Passos Coelho was admitted to the University of Lisbon to study mathematics. He did not, however, finish his degree and instead taught mathematics at the Escola Secundária de Vila Pouca de Aguiar high school for a year (1982/1983). Back in Lisbon, he then made a living as a part-time private mathematics tutor, while developing his political career rising through the ranks of PSD's youth branch (JSD). In 1987 he was elected vice-president of JSD, and president in 1991."
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"conscripted into military service, and replacing the authoritarian ""Estado Novo"" (New State) regime and its secret police which repressed elemental civil liberties and political freedoms. It started as a professional class protest of Portuguese Armed Forces captains against the 1973 decree law ""Dec. Lei n. 353/73"". These events prompted a mass exodus of Portuguese citizens, overwhelmingly white but some ""mestiço"" (mixed race) or black, from Portugal's African territories, creating hundreds of thousands destitute refugees — the ""retornados"". Angola became a sovereign state on 11 November 1975 in accordance with the Alvor Agreement and the newly independent country was proclaimed the"
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"Angolan War of Independence The Angolan War of Independence (1961–1974) began as an uprising against forced cotton cultivation, and it became a multi-faction struggle for the control of Portugal's overseas province of Angola among three nationalist movements and a separatist movement. The war ended when a leftist military coup in Lisbon in April 1974 overthrew Portugal's ""Estado Novo"" regime, and the new regime immediately stopped all military action in the African colonies, declaring its intention to grant them independence without delay. The conflict is usually approached as a branch or a theater of the wider Portuguese Overseas War, which also"
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"UN symbol, the other side is South Korea. Angola is a country in Southern Africa. It is the seventh-largest country in Africa. Since it gained independence from Portugal in 1975, the Civil War had begun between the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA)(Portuguese: ""Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola)"" and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). Although a peace treaty was concluded in May 1991, the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), which lost the referendum under the arbitration of the UN, caused the civil war again. In the process, the"
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"Angolan Civil War The Angolan Civil War () was a civil conflict in Angola, beginning in 1975 and continuing, with interludes, until 2002. The war began immediately after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. The war was a power struggle between two former liberation movements, the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). The war was used as a surrogate battleground for the Cold War by rival states such as the Soviet Union, Cuba, South Africa and the United States. The MPLA and UNITA had different"
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"had been administered by a provisional government, representatives of the Portuguese government and FRELIMO signed an agreement to grant independence to Mozambique, with the president of FRELIMO to assume the presidency of the newly independent nation. This was followed the next month by the announcement of the independence of Cape Verde, and the establishment of a new nation, the Republic of Cape Verde. In Angola, the Alvor Agreement was signed on January 15, 1975, granting Angola independence from Portugal on 11 November 1975. The Alvor Agreement formally ended the war for independence. The agreement, while signed by the MPLA, the"
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"Nakuru Agreement The Nakuru Agreement, signed on June 21, 1975, in Nakuru, Kenya, was an attempt to salvage the Alvor Agreement, which granted Angola independence from Portugal and established a transitional government. While the Nakuru Agreement did produce a truce between the three nationalist movements—the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA), and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA)—it was a fragile truce that dissolved on July 9, 1975. The three principal separatist leaders, MPLA's Agostinho Neto, UNITA's Jonas Savimbi, and the FNLA's Holden Roberto met in Nakuru from June"
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Which city does David Soul come from?
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"his fifth wife, Helen Snell, in June 2010. They had been in a relationship since 2002, after meeting when Soul was working in the British stage production of ""Deathtrap."" David Soul David Soul (born David Richard Solberg, August 28, 1943) is an American-British actor and singer. He is known for his role as Detective Kenneth ""Hutch"" Hutchinson in the ABC television series ""Starsky & Hutch"" from 1975 to 1979. He became a British citizen in 2004. Soul was born in Chicago, Illinois, on August 28, 1943, and is of Norwegian extraction. His mother, June Johnanne (Nelson), was a teacher, and"
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"born in London, and at the age of 16 set up the UK's first fan club for singer Nina Simone. In 1966, with Dave Godin and Robert Blackmore, he established Soul City, in Deptford, South London, claimed to be the first record store outside the US specialising in American rhythm and blues and soul music. The shop also started a record label in 1968, to release US R&B singles in the UK. In 1970, he began working in London for Contempo International, which owned ""Blues & Soul"" magazine. He moved to New York City in 1975 as contributing editor for"
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"Collective Soul Collective Soul is an American rock band originally from Stockbridge, Georgia. Now based in Atlanta, the group consists of lead vocalist Ed Roland, rhythm guitarist Dean Roland, bassist Will Turpin, drummer Johnny Rabb and lead guitarist Jesse Triplett. Before forming Collective Soul, singer Ed Roland studied music composition and guitar at the Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts. Since the mid-1980s, Roland was involved in Atlanta's underground music scene making demos and performing. He also worked at Real 2 Reel Studios in Stockbridge, which was owned by bassist Will Turpin's father, Bill Turpin. Roland's duties were producing,"
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"a variety of known aliases and nicknames used throughout the group's career. The following are the most significant: David Jude Jolicoeur David Jude Jolicoeur (born September 21, 1968), also known under the stage name Trugoy the Dove and more recently Dave, is an American rapper, producer, and one third of the hip hop trio De La Soul. He was born in the Brooklyn, New York but grew up in East Massapequa. Jolicoeur, Vincent Mason and Kelvin Mercer were friends who attended the same high school in the Amityville area of Long Island during the 1980s. After they decided to form"
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"at nightclubs and music festivals around New York, Miami, and The Bahamas. He released his debut single, ""Don't Stop"" with an extended version on Spotify in June 2018. David Michael Solomon was born circa 1962 in Hartsdale, New York to Jewish parents. His father, Alan Solomon, was an executive vice president of a small publishing company, and his mother, Sandra, worked as an audiology supervisor. He grew up in Scarsdale, New York where he attended Edgemont Junior-Senior High School and worked at a local Baskin Robbins before working as a camp counselor in New Hampshire. He graduated from Hamilton College"
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"David Nathan (music writer) David Nathan (born 15 February 1948) is a British-born biographer, journalist, authority on soul music, and singer. In the 1960s and 1970s, he was the co-founder of the Soul City record label and a contributing editor to ""Blues & Soul"" magazine. Living in the US between 1975 and 2009, he wrote several biographies of musicians as well as hundreds of articles and liner notes, and founded the website soulmusic.com. He has also recorded and performed as a jazz and blues singer, both under his own name and as his ""alter ego"" Nefer Davis. David Nathan was"
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"Dave Hill David John Hill (born 4 April 1946) is an English musician, who is the lead guitarist and backing vocalist in the English band Slade. Hill is known for his flamboyant stage clothes and hairstyle. Born in Flete House, Holbeton, Devon, the son of a mechanic, he moved with his parents to Penn, Wolverhampton when he was a year old. There he attended Springdale Junior school and Highfields Secondary school. He bought his first guitar from a mail order catalogue and received some guitar lessons from a science teacher at his school. He then formed a band called The"
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"The London Souls The London Souls were an American, New York City based rock and roll band active from 2008 to 2018. Tash Neal and Chris St. Hilaire met in New York City as teenagers, jamming for the first time in hourly rehearsal rooms with friends. They shared a passion for songwriting and improvisation, and in 2008 formed The London Souls. Their song ""She's So Mad"" has received airplay on FOX TV's show ""Fearless Music"". Also, their song ""I Think I Like It"" was used in a commercial advertising NBA star Derrick Rose's line of shoes by Adidas. Their debut"
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"Hamilton - ""The Dark End Of The Street"" 24.Jimmy Robins - ""I Made It Over"" 25.Bob & Earl - ""Don't Ever Leave Me"" Dave Godin David Edward Godin (21 June 1936, Peckham, London – 15 October 2004, Rotherham, England) was an English fan of American soul music, who made a major contribution internationally in spreading awareness and understanding of the genre, and by extension African-American culture. The son of a milkman, Dave Godin spent his early childhood in Peckham before bombing forced the family to move to Bexleyheath, Kent, where he won a scholarship to Dartford Grammar School. Godin began"
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"Soul for Real Soul for Real (also known as Soul 4 Real and Soul IV Real) is an R&B group from Wheatley Heights, New York, currently living in Atlanta, Georgia made up of brothers Christopher Sherman Dalyrimple a.k.a. Choc (born April 30, 1971), Andre ""Dre"" Lamont Dalyrimple a.k.a. KD now (born April 4, 1974), Brian ""Bri"" Augustus Dalyrimple (born December 14, 1975), and Jason ""Jase"" Oliver Dalyrimple a.k.a. Jase4Real (born May 10, 1980). The group were best known in the mid-1990s for their gold-certified singles ""Candy Rain"" and ""Every Little Thing I Do"" from their platinum selling debut album ""Candy"
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"when he was 7 years old. In Manchester, David attended a vocal training course led by Elaine Hanley, affiliated with Owen Thomas’ Cultural Fusion, which helped to hone his singing abilities. Before joining Divine Divine he was known to many as DavidB, a R&B/Inspirational Gospel singer-songwriter, musician, vocal producer, dancer, choreographer, and entertainer. David was also a well-respected member of Manchester’s finest Gospel Choir – Manchester Sing out Choir, under the leadership of Vocal Genius – Wayne Ellington. He has also sung with Grammy Award Winner Joshua Groban and Heather Small. Nadine Sade Caesar (born , London) is from North"
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"David Jude Jolicoeur David Jude Jolicoeur (born September 21, 1968), also known under the stage name Trugoy the Dove and more recently Dave, is an American rapper, producer, and one third of the hip hop trio De La Soul. He was born in the Brooklyn, New York but grew up in East Massapequa. Jolicoeur, Vincent Mason and Kelvin Mercer were friends who attended the same high school in the Amityville area of Long Island during the 1980s. After they decided to form a rap group, each member re-christened themselves with an outlandish name (Trugoy the Dove, P.A. Pasemaster Mase and"
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"full live album ""Collective Soul - Live"" on December 8, 2017. The recordings were gathered from concerts the band performed during their 2016 and 2017 tours. According to Ed Roland, the group took its name from a phrase in ""The Fountainhead"", citing that ""we're not preaching Ayn Rand, objectivism, egoism, or anything...we just dug the name."" Billboard Music Awards Collective Soul Collective Soul is an American rock band originally from Stockbridge, Georgia. Now based in Atlanta, the group consists of lead vocalist Ed Roland, rhythm guitarist Dean Roland, bassist Will Turpin, drummer Johnny Rabb and lead guitarist Jesse Triplett. Before"
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"prominent emergency department doctor well known for work on methods for assisting suicide bombing victims. He was born in Detroit, Michigan, and moved to Chicago, Illinois, as a teenager. After being ordained as a rabbi, he attended Northwestern University and graduated with a Masters in Biology. David then attended the University of Toledo Medical Center. He moved to Israel in 1982, and traveled back at times to practice in the United States. David's daughter Nava was born in Cleveland, Ohio. The family later moved to Israel, where David became chief of the emergency department and trauma services at Jerusalem's Shaare"
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"appearance upon returning from Mexico to the States was in a club in Minneapolis, The 10 O'Clock Scholar. Soul first gained attention as the ""Covered Man"" appearing on ""The Merv Griffin Show"" in 1966 and 1967, on which he sang while wearing a mask. He explained: ""My name is David Soul, and I want to be known for my music."" The same year, he made his television debut in ""Flipper."" In 1967, he signed a contract with Columbia Pictures and following a number of guest appearances, including the episode ""The Apple"" from the second season of ""Star Trek,"" he landed"
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"of their older material. The Best of David and Adam, a compilation cassette tape/download featuring music from David and Adam's five albums, was released by Cellar Hits in 2011. David was born in Chicago and grew up in Park Forest, Illinois, where his father worked for the United States Postal Service and Chicago Public Schools. His interest in the history of the railroad system was sparked at a young age but extended throughout his life. He has written several songs discussing both his personal remembrances and history of mid-20th Century railroad lines. He is vocal about his abstinence from smoking,"
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"with a more contemporary sound. The phrase ""Northern soul"" emanated from the record shop Soul City in Covent Garden, London, which was run by journalist Dave Godin. It was first publicly used in Godin's weekly column in ""Blues & Soul"" magazine in June 1970. In a 2002 interview with Chris Hunt of ""Mojo"" magazine, Godin said he had first come up with the term in 1968, to help employees at Soul City differentiate the more modern funkier sounds from the smoother, Motown-influenced soul of a few years earlier. With contemporary black music evolving into what would eventually become known as"
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"Steve Forbert and George Soule by the Jimmie Rodgers Music Foundation in Meridian, Mississippi to receive The Jimmie Award. A live concert album and video was filmed and recorded in St. Louis, Missouri, in August 2017 celebrating 40 years of David and the Giants music. In September 2018 the band recorded their first full studio album since 1989 with the original lineup of David Huff, Clayborn Huff , Rayborn Huff, and Keith Thibodeaux in Athens, Georgia. David and the Giants David and the Giants began as a rock band in Laurel, Mississippi; with the Huff brothers: David, Clay, and Ray—with"
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"as writing briefly for ""Saturday Night Live"". He has won two Primetime Emmy Awards, and was voted by fellow comedians and comedy insiders as the 23rd greatest comedy star ever in a 2004 British poll to select ""The Comedian's Comedian"". David was born in the neighborhood of Sheepshead Bay, in Brooklyn, New York. His parents are Rose (born Regina Brandes) and Mortimer Julius ""Morty"" David, a men's clothing manufacturer, and he has an older brother named Ken. David's family is Jewish. His father's side moved from Germany to the U.S. during the 19th century, while David's mother was born in"
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"sheriff of the town of Providence, Arizona, David Solomon moved to New York City. Unable to find work he reluctantly joined the police force, but in his letters home he led his parents to believe that he had become a parish priest. This was in order to keep their minds at ease, since they did not want him to get into such a dangerous profession like his father. When his widowed mother Mary moved into his New York flat, David was forced to maintain the deception in fear that the truth would cause her a heart attack. Thus, when he"
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"the vocabulary of lyrical abstraction and symbolism emerges, the playfulness of the forms becomes clearer, while their significance deepens."" Deceased December 2017. David Solomon (artist) David Solomon (born 1976 in Kingston, New York) was an American artist and painter. Solomon studied at the San Francisco Art Institute. Solomon is an artist based in Santa Fe's art community; his work has been shown in many exhibitions and art fairs across the country, including David Richard Contemporary, Gerald Peters Gallery in Santa Fe, Peter Marcelle Gallery in Bridgehampton NY, Dean Jenson Gallery in Milwaukee, Brown Art Space in San Francisco, Aqua Art"
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"David Broza David Broza (; born September 4, 1955) is an Israeli singer-songwriter. His music mixes modern pop with Spanish music. David Broza was born in Haifa, Israel. His father was an Israeli–British businessman. He grew up in England and Spain, attending Runnymede College, in Madrid. Broza's grandfather, Wellesley Aron, co-founded the Arab-Israeli peace settlement Neve Shalom – Wāħat as-Salām (""The Oasis of Peace"") and the Habonim youth movement. Young David Broza originally planned to become a graphic artist, and by age 17 he was selling his paintings in the Rastro, Madrid's Sunday flea market. Following high school, and while"
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"David Szalay David Szalay (born 1974 in Montreal, Quebec) is an English writer. His surname is pronounced SOL-loy. Szalay was born in Canada. He moved to the United Kingdom the following year and has lived there ever since. He studied at Oxford University. Szalay has written a number of radio dramas for the BBC. He won the Betty Trask Award for his first novel, ""London and the South-East"", along with the Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize. Since then he has written two other novels: ""Innocent"" (2009) and ""Spring"" (2011). A linked collection of short stories, ""All That Man Is"", was short"
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"soul is a driving and strongly rhythmic style that combined elements of gospel music with the uptempo energy of R&B. As a soul city it is thoroughly influenced by the hard driving ""southern soul"" of the Civil Rights Movement era and the musical and social legacy of that time. The rise of Muscle Shoals Alabama as a recording center was in part influenced by professional musicians coming north from Birmingham such as Barry Beckett of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section also known as the ""Swampers"" and bringing their musical influence with them to the Tennessee Valley. Similarly Detroit soul is"
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"""city-soul"" groups such as The Delfonics and the historically black Howard University's Unifics.<ref name=""Erlewine (Hall/Oats)""></ref> The syndicated music/dance variety television series ""Soul Train"", hosted by Chicago native Don Cornelius, debuted in 1971. The show provided an outlet for soul music for several decades, also spawning a franchise that saw the creation of a record label (Soul Train Records) that distributed music by The Whispers, Carrie Lucas, and an up-and-coming group known as Shalamar. Numerous disputes led to Cornelius spinning off the record label to his talent booker, Dick Griffey, who transformed the label into Solar Records, itself a prominent soul"
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"David Nelson (musician) David Nelson (born June 12, 1943, in Seattle, Washington, U.S.) is an American musician, singer, and songwriter. He is perhaps best known as a co-founder and longtime member of the New Riders of the Purple Sage. Nelson started his musical career playing folk and bluegrass music, most notably as a member of The Wildwood Boys with Jerry Garcia. Shortly after his friend and former bandmate began to play rock music with The Warlocks (subsequently renamed the Grateful Dead), Nelson joined the similarly inclined New Delhi River Band. Although they lacked the managerial acumen and cultural cachet of"
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"David Suhor David Suhor is a professional American jazz musician and teacher living in Pensacola Florida; he is the founder of a local business called ShamaLamaGram that delivers singing telegrams. Suhor is also known for being a local activist for separation of church and state as well as religious freedom and equality. He is well known for his role as a plaintiff in the 2017 judgement to remove the Bayview park cross and also as a founder of a local chapter of The Satanic Temple. David Suhor was Originally from New Orleans Raised in Tallahassee. Suhor grew up in a"
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"David Solomon (artist) David Solomon (born 1976 in Kingston, New York) was an American artist and painter. Solomon studied at the San Francisco Art Institute. Solomon is an artist based in Santa Fe's art community; his work has been shown in many exhibitions and art fairs across the country, including David Richard Contemporary, Gerald Peters Gallery in Santa Fe, Peter Marcelle Gallery in Bridgehampton NY, Dean Jenson Gallery in Milwaukee, Brown Art Space in San Francisco, Aqua Art Fair in Miami, and Cindy Lisica Gallery in Houston. ""David Solomon has been an active member of the Santa Fe art community"
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"of Soul's hits was subsequently released, also entering the UK top 200.. This song is also loved by Peter Kay, being used in many references during the classic comedy: Phoenix Nights. Silver Lady (song) ""Silver Lady"" is a popular single by David Soul. Written by Tony Macaulay and Geoff Stephens and produced by Macaulay, ""Silver Lady"" was the second and final number one hit in the UK Singles Chart for David Soul, spending three weeks at the top in October 1977. It had spent five weeks in the top ten before eventually toppling Elvis Presley. The single also spent four"
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"stereo (album) releases of the song. Soul Man (song) ""Soul Man"" is a 1967 song written and composed by Isaac Hayes and David Porter, first successful as a number 2 hit single by Atlantic Records soul duo Sam & Dave, which consisted of Samuel ""Sam"" Moore and David ""Dave"" Prater. Co-author Isaac Hayes found the inspiration for ""Soul Man"" in the turmoil of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. In July 1967, watching a television newscast of the aftermath of the 12th Street riot in Detroit, Michigan, Hayes noted that black residents had marked buildings that had not been"
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"David Salle David Salle (born 1952) is an American painter, printmaker, and stage designer who helped define postmodern sensibility. Salle was born in Norman, Oklahoma. He earned a BFA and MFA from the California Institute of the Arts, Valencia, California where he studied with John Baldessari. Salle’s work first came to public attention in New York in the early 1980s. His paintings and prints comprise what appear to be randomly juxtaposed images, or images placed on top of one other with deliberately ham-fisted techniques. At a 2005 lecture, Salle stated: Major exhibitions of his work have taken place at the"
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"Satellite Soul Satellite Soul is an alternative country/folk rock band from Kansas. Their sound has developed and matured over the years from jangly roots rock to a hard cutting Alt-Country sound. They were formed in 1996 while living in Manhattan, Kansas and played extensively in the Midwest as an independent band. The band toured extensively nationwide, playing with many of the top acts in Christian music. They shared billing with artists such as the Newsboys, Audio Adrenaline, Skillet, Smalltown Poets, Chris Tomlin, Steven Curtis Chapman, and others. They toured extensively with Big Tent Revival, Jennifer Knapp, Eli, Clear, Jason Ingram"
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"in Katowice, Poland includes an interview with Suzuki. Dave Suzuki Dave Suzuki (born February 8, 1972) is an American death metal multi-instrumentalist from Las Vegas, Nevada. He is best known for his work as the guitarist, lyricist, bassist and drummer for Vital Remains from 1995 to 2007 and as a touring guitarist with Deicide from 2004 to 2005. Since 2011 he has been the guitarist and vocalist for the doom/death metal band Churchburn. His work can be heard on Vital Remains' ""Forever Underground"" (1997), ""Dawn of the Apocalypse"" (2000), ""Dechristianize"" (2003), and ""Icons of Evil"" (2007). Vital Remains' live DVD,"
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Who won Super Bowl XX?
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"game summary. Source: Super Bowl XX Super Bowl XX was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Chicago Bears and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1985 season. The Bears defeated the Patriots by the score of 46–10, capturing their first NFL championship (and Chicago's first overall sports victory) since 1963, three years prior to the birth of the Super Bowl. Super Bowl XX was played on January 26, 1986 at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans. This was the fourth Super Bowl"
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"Super Bowl XXXV Super Bowl XXXV was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Baltimore Ravens and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2000 season. The Ravens defeated the Giants by the score of 34–7, tied for the seventh largest Super Bowl margin of victory with Super Bowl XXXVII. The game was played on January 28, 2001 at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida. The Ravens, who posted a 12–4 regular season record, became the third wild card team to win the Super"
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"Super Bowl XXI Super Bowl XXI was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1986 season. The Giants defeated the Broncos by the score of 39–20, winning their first ever Super Bowl, and their first NFL title since 1956. The game was played on January 25, 1987, at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. This was the Broncos' first Super Bowl appearance since the 1977 season. Led largely through the play of quarterback John"
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"Super Bowl XXXI Super Bowl XXXI was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Green Bay Packers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1996 season. The Packers defeated the Patriots by the score of 35–21, earning their third overall Super Bowl victory, and their first since Super Bowl II. The Packers also extended their league record for the most overall NFL championships to 12. It was also the last in a run of 13 straight Super Bowl victories by the NFC over"
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"this feat: the New York Giants (Phil Simms in Super Bowl XXI, Jeff Hostetler in Super Bowl XXV, and Eli Manning in Super Bowls XLII and XLVI) and the Green Bay Packers (Bart Starr in the first two Super Bowls, Brett Favre in Super Bowl XXXI, and Aaron Rodgers in Super Bowl XLV). This was the last major professional championship won by a D.C.-based team until the Capitals won the Stanley Cup in 2018. Sources: NFL.com Super Bowl XXVI, Super Bowl XXVI Play Finder Was, Super Bowl XXVI Play Finder Buf Completions/attempts Carries Long gain Receptions Times targeted The following"
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"Super Bowl XXIX Super Bowl XXIX was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion San Diego Chargers and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion San Francisco 49ers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1994 season. This is the only Super Bowl in history to be played between two teams from the same state. The 49ers defeated the Chargers by the score of 49–26, becoming the first team to win five Super Bowl championships. The game was played on January 29, 1995 at Joe Robbie Stadium in Miami, Florida (now part of the"
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"Super Bowl XXXIV Super Bowl XXXIV was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion St. Louis Rams and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Tennessee Titans to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1999 season. The Rams defeated the Titans by the score of 23–16, capturing their first Super Bowl win and first NFL championship since 1951. The game, played on January 30, 2000 at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, was the fourth Super Bowl to be held a week after the conference championship games (the previous time this happened was Super Bowl"
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"Super Bowl XXXVI Super Bowl XXXVI was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion St. Louis Rams and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2001 season. The Patriots defeated the Rams by the score of 20–17. It was New England's first Super Bowl championship, and the franchise's first league championship of any kind, having suffered two previous losses. The game was also notable for snapping the AFC East's long streak of not being able to win a Super Bowl championship, as the division's"
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"Security Event, qualifying for extra security detail from the Secret Service. Super Bowl XXXV Super Bowl XXXV was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Baltimore Ravens and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2000 season. The Ravens defeated the Giants by the score of 34–7, tied for the seventh largest Super Bowl margin of victory with Super Bowl XXXVII. The game was played on January 28, 2001 at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida. The Ravens, who posted a 12–4 regular season"
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"Super Bowl XXV Super Bowl XXV was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Buffalo Bills and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1990 season. The Giants defeated the Bills by the score of 20–19, winning their second Super Bowl. The game was held at Tampa Stadium in Tampa, Florida, on January 27, 1991, during the time of the Gulf War. It was preceded by a memorable performance of ""The Star-Spangled Banner"" by Whitney Houston during the pre-game ceremonies. The American Broadcasting Company"
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"Super Bowl XXIV Super Bowl XXIV was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion San Francisco 49ers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1989 season. The game was played on January 28, 1990, at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. The 49ers defeated the Broncos by the score of 55–10, winning their second consecutive Super Bowl, and tying the Pittsburgh Steelers with four Super Bowl victories. San Francisco also became the first team to win back-to-back Super Bowls with two different head"
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"Super Bowl XXII Super Bowl XXII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Washington Redskins and American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1987 season. The Redskins defeated the Broncos by the score of 42–10, winning their second Super Bowl. The game was played on January 31, 1988 at Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego, the first time that the Super Bowl was played in that city. This Super Bowl came at the end of a season that was shortened by a players' strike. Each"
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"Super Bowl XXX Super Bowl XXX was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1995 season. The Cowboys defeated the Steelers by the score of 27–17. The game was played on January 28, 1996, at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona, the first time the Super Bowl was played in the Phoenix metropolitan area. Both teams entered the game trying to tie the San Francisco 49ers for the record for most Super Bowl wins by"
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"Super Bowl XXVII Super Bowl XXVII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Buffalo Bills and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1992 season. The Cowboys defeated the Bills by the score of 52–17, winning their third Super Bowl in team history, and their first one in fifteen years. This game is tied with Super Bowl XXXVII as the third-highest scoring Super Bowl ever with 69 combined points. The Bills became the first team to lose three consecutive Super Bowls, and just the"
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"suspense at the game's ending. Super Bowl XXX Super Bowl XXX was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1995 season. The Cowboys defeated the Steelers by the score of 27–17. The game was played on January 28, 1996, at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona, the first time the Super Bowl was played in the Phoenix metropolitan area. Both teams entered the game trying to tie the San Francisco 49ers for the record for"
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"Super Bowl XXIII Super Bowl XXIII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Cincinnati Bengals and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion San Francisco 49ers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1988 season. The 49ers defeated the Bengals by the score of 20–16, winning their third Super Bowl. The game was played on January 22, 1989 at Joe Robbie Stadium in Miami (now part of the suburb of Miami Gardens, which became a separate city in 2003). This was the first Super Bowl hosted in the Miami area in 10 years,"
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"Super Bowl XXXVII Super Bowl XXXVII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Oakland Raiders and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2002 season. The Buccaneers defeated the Raiders by the score of 48–21, tied with Super Bowl XXXV for the seventh largest Super Bowl margin of victory, and winning their first ever Super Bowl. The game, played on January 26, 2003 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California, was the sixth Super Bowl to be held a week after the conference"
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"Super Bowl XXXIX Super Bowl XXXIX was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2004 season. The Patriots defeated the Eagles by the score of 24–21. The game was played on February 6, 2005, at Alltel Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida, the first time the Super Bowl was played in that city. The Patriots, who entered the Super Bowl after compiling a 14–2 regular season record, became the first, and most recent (as of"
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"Super Bowl XXXVIII Super Bowl XXXVIII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Carolina Panthers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2003 season. The Patriots defeated the Panthers by a score of 32–29. The game was played at Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 1, 2004. At the time, this was the most watched Super Bowl ever with 144.4 million viewers. The Panthers were making their first ever Super Bowl appearance after posting an 11–5 regular season record. They also"
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"by the Green Bay Packers in 1998 (won Super Bowl XXXI, lost Super Bowl XXXII), the Seattle Seahawks in 2015 (won Super Bowl XLVIII, lost Super Bowl XLIX), and the New England Patriots in 2018 (won Super Bowl LI, lost Super Bowl LII). Sources: NFL.com Super Bowl XVIII, Super Bowl XVIII Play Finder LA, Super Bowl XVIII Play Finder Was Completions/attempts Carries Long gain Receptions Times targeted The following records were set in Super Bowl XVIII, according to the official NFL.com boxscore, the 2016 NFL Record & Fact Book and the ProFootball reference.com game summary. <br>Some records have to meet"
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"XIII and XIV following the 1978 and 1979 seasons and remain, to date, the only team to win back-to-back Super Bowl titles more than once, the San Francisco 49ers won Super Bowls XXIII and XXIV following the 1988 and 1989 seasons, the Dallas Cowboys won Super Bowls XXVII and XXVIII following the 1992 and 1993 seasons, the Denver Broncos won Super Bowls XXXII and XXXIII following the 1997 and 1998 seasons, and most recently, the New England Patriots won Super Bowls XXXVIII and XXXIX following the 2003 and 2004 seasons. After the franchise's victory in Super Bowl II, Vince Lombardi"
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"XXVI. The Giants claimed Super Bowls XXI and XXV. As in the 1970s, the Oakland Raiders were the only team to interrupt the Super Bowl dominance of other teams; they won Super Bowls XV and XVIII (the latter as the Los Angeles Raiders). Following several seasons with poor records in the 1980s, the Dallas Cowboys rose back to prominence in the 1990s. During this decade, the Cowboys made post-season appearances every year except for the seasons of 1990 and 1997. From 1992 to 1996, the Cowboys won their division championship each year. In this same period, the Buffalo Bills had"
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"Super Bowl XLIX Super Bowl XLIX was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2014 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Seattle Seahawks, 28–24, to earn their fourth Super Bowl title and their first in ten years. The game was played on February 1, 2015 at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. It was the second time the stadium has hosted a Super Bowl, and the third one held in the Phoenix metropolitan area. With the loss, the"
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"to win Super Bowls as head coaches: Belichick with the Patriots in Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLIX, and LI; Coughlin with the Giants in Super Bowls XLII and XLVI, coincidentally both against Belichick's Patriots. This was the first Super Bowl in which neither team committed a turnover. The only other Super Bowl to date without a turnover is Super Bowl XXXIV, in which the St. Louis Rams defeated the Tennessee Titans 23–16. Because of Thomas' high production, some sports writers, such as ""Sports Illustrated""s Paul Zimmerman, felt that he should have won the game MVP even though his team"
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"touchdown, to clinch the victory. New Orleans quarterback Drew Brees, who completed 32 of 39 passes for 288 yards and two touchdowns, was named the Super Bowl MVP. His 32 completions tied a Super Bowl record set by Tom Brady in Super Bowl XXXVIII. The live broadcast of the game on CBS was watched by an average U.S. audience of 106.5 million viewers, making it then the most-watched Super Bowl. The National Anthem was sung by Carrie Underwood, and the halftime show featured the British rock band The Who. Super Bowl XLIV was the last Bowl to have a uniquely"
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"Super Bowl X Super Bowl X was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1975 season. The Steelers defeated the Cowboys by the score of 21–17 to win their second consecutive Super Bowl. They were the third team to win back-to-back Super Bowls. (The Miami Dolphins won Super Bowls VII and VIII, and the Green Bay Packers won Super Bowls I and II.) It was also the first Super Bowl in which both participating teams"
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"Super Bowl XIX Super Bowl XIX was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Miami Dolphins and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion San Francisco 49ers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1984 season. The 49ers defeated the Dolphins by the score of 38–16, to win their second Super Bowl. The game was played on January 20, 1985, at Stanford Stadium, on the campus of Stanford University in Stanford, California, the first Super Bowl played in the San Francisco Bay Area. This also became the second Super Bowl after Super Bowl XIV"
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"Super Bowl XXVIII Super Bowl XXVIII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Buffalo Bills to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1993 season. The Cowboys defeated the Bills by the score of 30–13, winning their fourth Super Bowl in team history, tying the Pittsburgh Steelers and the San Francisco 49ers for most Super Bowl wins. The game was played on January 30, 1994, at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia. Since the 1993 regular season was conducted over 18 weeks (two byes"
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"Super Bowl XLIV Super Bowl XLIV was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champions New Orleans Saints and the American Football Conference (AFC) champions Indianapolis Colts to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2009 season. The Saints defeated the Colts by a score of 31–17, earning their first Super Bowl win. The game was played at Hard Rock Stadium (formerly Joe Robbie Stadium) in Miami Gardens, Florida, for the fifth time (and in South Florida for the tenth time), on February 7, 2010, the latest calendar date for a Super Bowl yet. This"
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"Vince Lombardi, Mike Holmgren, and Mike McCarthy, and the Pittsburgh Steelers winning under Chuck Noll, Cowher, and Mike Tomlin. Sources: NFL.com Super Bowl XXX, Super Bowl XXX Play Finder Dal, Super Bowl XXX Play Finder Pit Completions/attempts Carries Long gain Receptions Times targeted The following records were set in Super Bowl XXX, according to the official NFL.com boxscore and the ProFootball reference.com game summary. <br>Some records have to meet NFL minimum number of attempts to be recognized. The minimums are shown (in parenthesis). Turnovers are defined as the number of times losing the ball on interceptions and fumbles. Source: A"
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"Super Bowl LII Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after"
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"a Super Bowl XXXIX rematch with the New England Patriots. Foles had his best performance since Week 15, and his third best as an Eagles player, throwing for 352 yards and 4 touchdowns. The Eagles defeated the Patriots 41-33 to win their first Super Bowl title in franchise history, and their first championship since 1960. During the game, a trick play, known as the Philly Special was called where three players combined for a touchdown at 4th-and-Goal before halftime. Nick Foles was name the Super Bowl MVP, the first backup player or quarterback to earn this award. Foles was 28-of-43"
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"the Los Angeles Rams, Singletary and the Bears dominated again. Coach Mike Ditka said that the day before the game, he was talking to the offense while Singletary was in the next room giving the defense a motivational speech. While it started out quiet, within minutes, Samurai Mike was screaming at the top of his lungs and the defensive players were throwing chairs and knocking over tables. The Bears would eventually go to win Super Bowl XX by beating the New England Patriots 46–10. In the game, Singletary broke up a pass that would have gone for a touchdown, delivered"
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Which was the first European country to abolish capital punishment?
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"at Akershus Fortress. In 1988 Norway signed on to protocol 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights which bans the use of capital punishment in peacetime and ratified protocol 13 which bans all use of capital punishment whatsoever in 2005. Norway generally opposes capital punishment outside of the country as well. The government has banished Mullah Krekar from Norway, but has not sent him to Iraq due to the possibility of him being charged with capital crimes in his home county. In the Martine Vik Magnussen case, Norway has declined to cooperate with the Yemenese government unless a guarantee"
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"Capital punishment in Europe The death penalty has been completely abolished in all European countries except for Belarus and Russia, the latter of which has a moratorium and has not conducted an execution since 1999. The absolute ban on the death penalty is enshrined in both the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (EU) and two widely adopted protocols of the European Convention on Human Rights of the Council of Europe, and is thus considered a central value. Of all modern European countries, San Marino, Portugal and the Netherlands were the first to abolish capital punishment, whereas only"
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"completely free of executions. This century the following European countries have abolished capital punishment: Ukraine (2000), Malta (2000), Cyprus (2002), Turkey (2004), Greece (2004), Moldova (2005), Albania (2007), and Latvia (2012). Executions in Europe in 2017: Belarus (2) ""Note: The tables can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the icon."" Of the 14 independent countries in Oceania that are UN member or observer states: Only Papua New Guinea and Tonga have not formally abolished capital punishment despite not using the practice since 1975 and 1982 respectively. The most recent countries to abolish capital punishment in Oceania are Samoa (2004), Fiji"
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"has a moratorium and has not conducted an execution since 1999. The absolute ban on the death penalty is enshrined in both the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (EU) and two widely adopted protocols of the European Convention on Human Rights of the Council of Europe, and is thus considered a central value. Of all modern European countries, San Marino, Portugal and the Netherlands were the first to abolish capital punishment, whereas only Belarus still practices capital punishment in some form or another. In 2012, Latvia became the last EU Member State to abolish capital punishment in"
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"Capital punishment in Portugal Portugal was a pioneer in the process of abolition of capital punishment. No executions have been carried out since 1846, with the formal abolishment of capital punishment for civil crimes occurring in 1867. The method of capital punishment used in Portugal was by hanging. Portugal was the first country in the world to begin the process to abolish the death penalty, abolishing it in stages – for political crimes in 1852, for all crimes except the military in 1867, and for all crimes in 1911. In 1916 Portugal entered in World War I and it was"
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"tackle criminal reform and to suggest that criminal justice should conform to rational principles. As a consequence in Italy, the first pre-unitarian state to abolish the death penalty was the Grand Duchy of Tuscany as of November 30, 1786, under the reign of Pietro Leopoldo, later Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II. So Tuscany was the first civil state in the world to do away with torture and capital punishment. In 2000, Tuscany's regional authorities instituted an annual holiday on 30 November to commemorate the event. The event is commemorated on this day by 300 cities around the world celebrating Cities"
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"Emil, hanged for desertion in 1917, shortly before Austria-Hungary dissolved and Transylvania united with Romania. The modern Romanian state was formed in 1859 after the unification of the Danubian Principalities, and a Penal Code was enacted in 1864 that did not provide for the death penalty except for several wartime offences. The 1866 Constitution, inspired by the liberal Belgian model of 1831, confirmed the abolition of capital punishment for peacetime crimes. By the end of the 19th century, just six other European countries had abolished the death penalty: Belgium, Finland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Portugal. Abolition with respect to"
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"Capital punishment in San Marino Capital punishment is no longer applied in San Marino: the last execution was carried out in 1468, by hanging. San Marino is one of only two countries in the world to have carried out no executions since prior to 1800 (the other is Liechtenstein, where the last execution took place in 1785). San Marino was the first country in the world to abolish the death penalty for ordinary crimes, in 1848. In 1865, it became the second country in the world (and the first in Europe) to abolish the death penalty for all crimes, following"
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"and to suggest that criminal justice should conform to rational principles. As a consequence in Italy the first pre-unitarian state to abolish the death penalty was the Grand Duchy of Tuscany as of November 30, 1786, under the reign of Pietro Leopoldo, later Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II. So Tuscany was the first civil state in the world to do away with torture and capital punishment. Since then in the last two centuries the refusal of death penalty has been increasing all around the world: ""In 2012, 141 states have abolished either by law or on a de facto basis"
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"capital execution in his land. In 2000, Tuscany's regional authorities instituted an annual holiday on 30 November to commemorate the event. The event is commemorated on this day by 300 cities around the world celebrating Cities for Life Day. The Roman Republic banned capital punishment in 1849. Venezuela followed suit and abolished the death penalty in 1863 and San Marino did so in 1865. The last execution in San Marino had taken place in 1468. In Portugal, after legislative proposals in 1852 and 1863, the death penalty was abolished in 1867. The last execution of the death penalty in Brazil"
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"1970s, and a further 10 in the 1980s. After the end of the Cold War, many more countries followed. 35 countries abolished capital punishment in the 1990s, with 9 in 1990 alone, and a further 23 in the 2000s. 11 countries have abolished so far in the 2010s. Since 1985, there have been only 6 years when no country has abolished the death penalty: 1988, 2001, 2003, 2011, 2013 and 2014. Note: Where a country has abolished, re-instated, and abolished again (e.g. Philippines, Switzerland, Portugal) only the later abolition date is included. Countries who have abolished and since reinstated (e.g."
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"Capital punishment in Italy The use of capital punishment in Italy has been banned since 1889, with the exception of the period 1926-1947, encompassing the rule of Fascism in Italy and the early restoration of democracy. Before the unification of Italy in 1860, capital punishment was performed in almost all pre-unitarian states, except for Tuscany, where it was historically abolished in 1786. It is currently out of use as a result of the adoption of the current constitution, and defunct as of 1 January 1948. In Italy, the first pre-unitarian state to abolish the death penalty was the Grand Duchy"
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"abolition of the death penalty by a European state, decreed by Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor of Habsburg-Lorraine in 1786 for his Grand Duchy of Tuscany. On this occasion the participating cities show their commitment for life and against the death penalty. On this day, participating cities illuminate a symbolic monument, such as the Atomium in Brussels, the Colosseum in Rome and the Plaza de Santa Ana in Madrid. Participating cities in 2009 include more than 60 capitals worldwide, and over 1,200 cities and towns around the world, such as Rome, Brussels, Madrid, Ottawa, Mexico City, Berlin, Barcelona, Florence, Venice,"
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"(2015), and Nauru (2016). ""Note: The tables can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the icon."" The table below lists in chronological order the 105 independent states, that are either UN members or have UN observer status, that have completely abolished the death penalty. In the hundred years following the abolition of capital punishment by Venezuela in 1863 only 11 more countries followed, not counting temporary abolitions which were later reversed. From the 1960s onwards, abolition became far more popular. 4 countries abolished capital punishment in the 1960s (a record up to that time for any decade), 11 in the"
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"Capital punishment in the Netherlands Capital punishment in the Netherlands (Dutch: ""doodstraf in Nederland"") was abolished in 1870 in criminal law after the States General recognized it was ""cruel and rude"". The bill was introduced by liberal-catholic Minister of Justice Franciscus van Lilaar and debated in both the Senate and House of Representatives for seven days before approval. Following the abolition of the death penalty, life imprisonment was made an official punishment in 1878. A few years after gaining independence in 1815, the Kingdom of the Netherlands determined that the death penalty could be carried out through beheading. Between 1945"
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"Capital punishment in Ukraine Capital punishment was abolished in Ukraine in 2000. In 1995 Ukraine had entered the Council of Europe and thus (at the time) it was obliged to undertake to abolish the death penalty. The Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) introduced amendments to the then acting Criminal Code in 2000, according to which “death penalty” was withdrawn from the list of official punishments of Ukraine. Ukraine carried out its last execution in 1997 according to Amnesty International. Capital punishment in Ukraine existed soon after fall of the Russian Empire in 1917. Among of known people who was executed by"
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"Capital punishment in Slovakia Capital punishment in Slovakia () was abolished in 1990 and the most severe punishment permissible by law is life imprisonment. Before that, capital punishment was common in Czechoslovakia, Slovak State, Austria-Hungary, Kingdom of Hungary and probably all previous political entities that existed in the area of today's Slovakia. Since 1989, no one was executed in Slovakia with a few controversial political killings by the Slovak Secret Service in the 1990s. Since then, there have been no reports of the government or its agents committing arbitrary or unlawful killings. The last person executed in Slovakia remains Štefan"
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"Belarus still practices capital punishment in some form or another. In 2012, Latvia became the last EU Member State to abolish capital punishment in wartime. As of 2017, in Europe, the death penalty for peacetime crimes has been abolished in all countries except Belarus, while the death penalty for wartime crimes has been abolished in all countries except Belarus and Kazakhstan. (Kazakhstan is a country situated partly in Europe and partly in Asia). In Russia the death penalty has been indefinitely suspended (under moratorium), therefore is uncommon but not unheard of. Except for Belarus, which carried out two executions in"
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"Liberia) are not included. Non-independent territories are considered to be under the jurisdiction of their parent country – which leads to unexpectedly late abolition dates for the UK, New Zealand and the Netherlands, where Jersey (UK), the Cook Is (NZ), and the Netherlands Antilles, were the last territories of those states to abolish capital punishment, and all were rather later than the more well known abolitions on the respective mainlands. Defunct countries such as the GDR (East Germany), which abolished capital punishment in 1987 but was dissolved in 1990, are also not included. References are in the continental tables above"
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"in Asia, Africa and the Caribbean. The only retentionist country in Europe is Belarus. The death penalty was overwhelmingly practised in poor and authoritarian states, which often employed the death penalty as a tool of political oppression. During the 1980s, the democratisation of Latin America swelled the ranks of abolitionist countries. This was soon followed by the fall of Communism in Europe. Many of the countries which restored democracy aspired to enter the EU. The European Union and the Council of Europe both strictly require member states not to practise the death penalty (see Capital punishment in Europe). Public support"
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"Venezuela in 1863. It is one of only three countries to have abolished the death penalty for all crimes before 1900 (the third one being Costa Rica). In 1989, it formally ratified Protocol 6 to the European Convention on Human Rights, which requires the complete abolition of the death penalty in peacetime. Capital punishment in San Marino Capital punishment is no longer applied in San Marino: the last execution was carried out in 1468, by hanging. San Marino is one of only two countries in the world to have carried out no executions since prior to 1800 (the other is"
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"committed under special circumstances (war-crimes). See also Capital punishment in Cyprus. The Donetsk People's Republic introduced the death penalty in 2014 for cases of treason, espionage, and assassination of political leaders. There had already been accusations of extrajudicial execution occurring. Capital punishment in Europe The death penalty has been completely abolished in all European countries except for Belarus and Russia, the latter of which has a moratorium and has not conducted an execution since 1999. The absolute ban on the death penalty is enshrined in both the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (EU) and two widely adopted"
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"Capital punishment in Hungary = Abolishing the Death Penalty = Capital punishment was completely abolished in Hungary on 24 October 1990 by the Constitutional Court (Decision 23/1990). A month later on 1 December 1990 protocol No. 6 to the ECHR came into force. Hungary later adopted the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR as well. The last condemned man to be executed was hanged for the crime of murder on the 31 May 1988. = Suggestion of reintroducing the Death Penalty = In that parliamentary debate on capital punishment Orbán stated that the EU attacked the implementation of real life"
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"Capital punishment in Finland Capital punishment in Finland (Finnish: ""kuolemanrangaistus"") has been abolished ""de jure"". As of 1823 in the Grand Duchy of Finland, death sentences were commuted to transportation to Siberia or other lesser sentences. The last person to be executed in peacetime was Tahvo Putkonen, on 8 July 1825. The capital punishment was ""de facto"" abolished during the rest of the Czarist regime 1825–1917 in Finland. During and right after the Finnish Civil War of 1918 there were many executions, most done without due process. Approximately 1,400–1,650 Whites and 7,000–10,000 Reds were executed by the opposing side. The"
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"of Justice, also member of the same party, if capital punishment could be re-enacted, referring to the court case against two asylum seekers for 11 murders. Capital punishment in Finland Capital punishment in Finland (Finnish: ""kuolemanrangaistus"") has been abolished ""de jure"". As of 1823 in the Grand Duchy of Finland, death sentences were commuted to transportation to Siberia or other lesser sentences. The last person to be executed in peacetime was Tahvo Putkonen, on 8 July 1825. The capital punishment was ""de facto"" abolished during the rest of the Czarist regime 1825–1917 in Finland. During and right after the Finnish"
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"(""Glossip v. Gross"") that lethal injection does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment. Many countries have abolished capital punishment either in law or in practice. Since World War II there has been a trend toward abolishing capital punishment. Capital punishment has been completely abolished by 102 countries, a further six have done so for all offences except under special circumstances and 32 more have abolished it in practice because they have not used it for at least 10 years and are believed to have a policy or established practice against carrying out executions. The death penalty was banned in China"
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"and Canada have abolished capital punishment. In Latin America, most states have completely abolished the use of capital punishment, while some countries such as Brazil and Guatemala allow for capital punishment only in exceptional situations, such as treason committed during wartime. The United States (the federal government and 31 of the states), some Caribbean countries and the majority of countries in Asia (for example, Japan and India) retain capital punishment. In Africa, less than half of countries retain it, for example Botswana and Zambia. South Africa abolished the death penalty in 1995. Abolition was often adopted due to political change,"
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"Tuscany was the first to abolish capital punishment. Giordano Bruno had a great influence on 17th-century scientific and philosophical thought and, ever since, his ideals have been absorbed by many philosophers. Bruno's freedom of thought inspired European liberal movements of the 19th century. The significance of Bruno’s work lies in his cosmological theories, which anticipated some fundamental aspects of the modern concept of the universe; his ethical ideas, in contrast with religious ascetical ethics, which appealed to modern humanistic activism; and his ideals of religious and philosophical tolerance. Giambattista Vico was a political philosopher, rhetorician, historian, and jurist, who is"
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"Capital punishment in Romania Capital punishment in Romania was abolished in 1990, and has been prohibited by the Constitution of Romania since 1991. The death penalty has a long and varied history in present-day Romania. Vlad the Impaler (reigned in Wallachia, principally 1456–62) was notorious for executing thousands by impalement. One of his successors, Constantine Hangerli, was strangled, shot, stabbed and beheaded by the Ottomans in 1799. In Moldavia, the earliest reference to executions is found in a 1646 text from the time of Vasile Lupu, while in Wallachia, a similar mention from 1652 dates to Matei Basarab's reign. Both"
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"Capital punishment in Latvia Capital punishment in Latvia was abolished for ordinary crimes in 1999 and for crimes committed during wartime in 2012. Latvia is party to several international instruments which ban the capital punishment. Latvia regained independence in 1991 after the fall of the Soviet Union. Subsequently, the death penalty in civilian cases was reserved for murder and the only method of execution, as during Soviet times, was shooting with a single bullet to the back of the head. The last executions took place in January 1996. In October 1996, President Guntis Ulmanis claimed that he would commute any"
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"de facto blocked capital executions (the last was in 1769), Leopold promulgated the reform of the penal code that abolished the death penalty and ordered the destruction of all the instruments for capital execution in his land. Torture was also banned. Leopold also introduced radical reforms to the system of neglect and inhumane treatment of the mentally ill. On 23 January 1774, the ""legge sui pazzi"" (law regarding the insane) was established, the first of its kind to be introduced in Europe, allowing steps to be taken to hospitalize individuals deemed insane. A few years later Leopold undertook the project"
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"the major influence for those countries. Portugal was the first country in the world to abolish life imprisonment (in 1884) and was one of the first countries to abolish the death penalty. Maximum jail sentences are limited to 25 years. Portugal is also known for having decriminalized the usage of all common drugs in 2001, the first country in the world to do so. Portugal decriminalized possession of effectively all drugs that are still illegal in other developed nations including cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and LSD. While possession is legal, trafficking and possession of more than ""10 days worth of personal"
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"abolition to most of the rest of Europe. The last European jurisdictions to abolish legal torture were Portugal (1828) and the canton of Glarus in Switzerland (1851). Under codified legal systems such as France, torture was superseded with a legal system that is highly dependent on investigating magistrates and the confession remains ""The Queen of Proofs"". Such magistrates are often under pressure to produce results. It is alleged that in many cases police violence towards suspects has been ignored by the magistrates. In the adversarial system of Common Law used throughout the English-speaking world, the experience is a different one."
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What is Bruce Willis' real first name?
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"him as the main character. Selected notable roles: Willis has won a variety of awards and has received various honors throughout his career in television and film. Bruce Willis Walter Bruce Willis (born March 19, 1955) is an American actor, producer, and singer. Born to a German mother and American father in Idar-Oberstein, Germany, he moved to the United States with his family in 1957. His career began on the Off-Broadway stage in the 1970s. He later achieved fame with his leading role on the hit television series ""Moonlighting"" (1985–89). He has since appeared in over 70 films and is"
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"Bruce Willis filmography Bruce Willis is a German-born American actor, producer with Cheyenne Enterprises, and singer. The following is a filmography of his work. Willis's career began in television in 1984, most notably as David Addison in ""Moonlighting"" (1984–1989), and has continued both in television and film since, including comedic, dramatic, and action roles. He is well known for the role of John McClane in the ""Die Hard"" series, which were mostly critical and uniformly financial successes. He has also appeared in over sixty films, including box office successes like ""Death Becomes Her"" (1992), ""Pulp Fiction"" (1994), ""12 Monkeys"" (1995),"
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"""The Fifth Element"" (1997), ""Armageddon"" (1998), ""The Sixth Sense"" (1999), ""Unbreakable"" (2000), ""Sin City"" (2005), ""Red"" (2010), ""Moonrise Kingdom"" (2012), ""The Expendables 2"" (2012), and ""Looper"" (2012). Motion pictures featuring Willis have grossed US$2.64 billion to 3.05 billion at North American box offices, making him the ninth-highest-grossing actor in a leading role and twelfth-highest-grossing, including supporting roles. He is a two-time Emmy Award–winning, Golden Globe Award–winning, and four-time Saturn Award–nominated actor. Solo albums: Compilations/guest appearances: Bruce Willis filmography Bruce Willis is a German-born American actor, producer with Cheyenne Enterprises, and singer. The following is a filmography of his work. Willis's"
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"In 2014, Willis played the role of Garth Stubbs in the revived ITV sitcom ""Birds of a Feather"" and Luke Riley in the BBC One soap opera ""EastEnders"". Willis was born in Tooting in London on 8 May 1983. He has an older brother, Stephen, but their parents split up when he was only 3 years old. His mother later remarried and had his half-sister, Doreen, who is an ambassador for a charity called Whizz-Kidz. Willis has had three different last names legally while growing up. Even though his original last name was Willis, after his father, this was changed"
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"The Return of Bruno The Return of Bruno is a 1987 comedic film, originally aired as a one-hour special on HBO and later released on VHS. It is a mockumentary starring Bruce Willis as his fictitious alter ego ""Bruno Radolini"", a legendary blues singer/musician who influenced, as the story goes, a number of famous musicians. Elton John, Phil Collins, Brian Wilson, Grace Slick, Joan Baez, Jon Bon Jovi, Paul Stanley, The Bee Gees, Graham Nash, Stephen Stills, and Ringo Starr appear in the film as themselves, paying tribute to Radolini. It also features legendary photographer Henry Diltz. Written by: Paul"
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"Gus Lewis Gus Lewis (born 19 January 1993) is an American-born English actor. He is best known for playing the young Bruce Wayne in the 2005 blockbuster film ""Batman Begins"", co-starring with Christian Bale and Michael Caine. That year, he also co-starred in the film ""Asylum"" alongside Hugh Bonneville and Natasha Richardson. In 2005, Lewis played a young Bruce Wayne in the blockbuster film ""Batman Begins"", whose adult counterpart was Christian Bale. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry observed that Lewis played ""an intense and appealing"" child, while ""Orlando Weekly"" opined that the actor ""makes a strong impression"
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"The Return of Bruno (album) The Return of Bruno is the debut album by actor Bruce Willis. Released by Motown in 1987, this album is an eclectic gathering of R&B music sung by Willis, with backing musicians including Booker T. Jones, The Pointer Sisters and The Temptations. It is a companion piece to an HBO special of the same name which aired shortly after the album's release. A re-issue was distributed by Razor & Tie in 1997. The album peaked at #14 on the US ""Billboard"" 200 album chart. Leadoff single ""Respect Yourself,"" a duet with June Pointer featuring background"
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"his father was a welder, master mechanic, and factory worker. Willis attended Penns Grove High School in his hometown, where he encountered issues with a stutter. He was nicknamed ""Buck-Buck"" by his schoolmates. Willis joined the drama club in high school, and acting on stage reduced his stutter. He was eventually appointed student council president. After he graduated from high school in 1973, Willis took a job as a security guard at the Salem Nuclear Power Plant and transported work crews at the DuPont Chambers Works factory in Deepwater, New Jersey. After working as a private investigator (a role he"
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"Emma Heming Emma Heming-Willis (born 18 June 1978) is an English model and actress. Born in Malta to an English father and a Guyanese mother, Heming was raised in north London, United Kingdom, and California, United States. On 21 March 2009, Heming married actor Bruce Willis in the Turks and Caicos Islands. The ceremony was not legally binding, so the couple wed again in a civil ceremony in Beverly Hills, California, six days later. They have two daughters together: Mabel Ray (born April 2012) and Evelyn Penn (born May 2014). Heming is also a stepmother to Willis's three elder daughters"
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"B+, while calling Willis' cover of ""Under the Boardwalk"" ""surprisingly okay"", noting additionally that the album ""shows us that he (Willis) can't shout songs quite as well as Don Johnson. So Springsteen he ain't. Funny he is."" Allmusic observes that Willis ""doesn't quite have the conviction or skill of the Blues Brothers"", adding that ""The Return of Bruno"" is today little more than a kitsch artifact. The Return of Bruno (album) The Return of Bruno is the debut album by actor Bruce Willis. Released by Motown in 1987, this album is an eclectic gathering of R&B music sung by Willis,"
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"Bruce Campbell Bruce Lorne Campbell (born June 22, 1958) is an American actor, producer, writer, comedian and director. One of his best-known roles is portraying Ash Williams in Sam Raimi's ""Evil Dead"" franchise, beginning with the 1978 short film ""Within the Woods"". He has starred in many low-budget cult films such as ""Crimewave"" (1985), ""Maniac Cop"" (1988), """" (1989), and ""Bubba Ho-Tep"" (2002). In television, Campbell had lead roles in ""The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr."" (1993–94) and ""Jack of all Trades"" (2000), starred as Autolycus (the King of Thieves) in """" and """" (1995–99), Sam Axe on the USA"
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"the film. The name ""Ted Casablanca"" was borrowed from a minor character from ""Valley of the Dolls"". Casablanca's birth date was found to have been November 20, 1960. According to Ancestry.com’s Texas Birth Index 1903-1997 Bruce Wallace Bibby was born November 20, 1960 in Dallas county Texas to Robert and Alice Wallace Bibby. Casablanca's alter ego also earned a degree in sculpture from the California Institute of the Arts before turning to journalism. According to his own column, Casablanca married Jon Powell in Hawaii in May 2008. But on September 16, 2009, Casablanca announced that he and Powell had, after"
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"Hal B. Wallis Harold Brent Wallis (born Aaron Blum Wolowicz; October 19, 1898 – October 5, 1986) was an American film producer. He is best remembered for producing ""Casablanca"" (1942), ""The Adventures of Robin Hood"" (1938), and ""True Grit"" (1969), along with many other major films for Warner Bros. featuring such film stars as Humphrey Bogart, Bette Davis, and Errol Flynn. Later on, for a long period, he was connected with Paramount Pictures and oversaw films featuring Dean Martin, Jerry Lewis, Elvis Presley, and John Wayne. Aaron Blum Wolowicz was born October 19, 1898 in Chicago, Illinois, the son of"
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"Robert Bruce (wrestler) Robert Bruce (3 November 1943 – 2 March 2009), born John Charles Young, was a Scottish-born professional wrestler and talent agent in Auckland, New Zealand. Bruce was born in Musselburgh, near Edinburgh in Scotland. He was born John Charles Young, but adopted the stage name of Robert the Bruce, later shortened to Robert Bruce, and kept the name when he quit wrestling. In the ring he played the quintessential villain who prefaced every low blow with an evil smirk, once saying """"Honestly, it's better being a bad guy. I suppose it's the underlying evil you may have."
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"Robert Bruce (wrestler) Robert Bruce (3 November 1943 – 2 March 2009), born John Charles Young, was a Scottish-born professional wrestler and talent agent in Auckland, New Zealand. Bruce was born in Musselburgh, near Edinburgh in Scotland. He was born John Charles Young, but adopted the stage name of Robert the Bruce, later shortened to Robert Bruce, and kept the name when he quit wrestling. In the ring he played the quintessential villain who prefaced every low blow with an evil smirk, once saying """"Honestly, it's better being a bad guy. I suppose it's the underlying evil you may have."
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"Jason Scott Lee Jason Scott Lee (, born November 19, 1966) is an American actor and martial artist. Lee is perhaps best known for his roles as Bruce Lee (no relation) in the 1993 martial arts film """", and Mowgli in Disney's 1994 live-action adaptation of ""The Jungle Book"". Lee was born in Los Angeles. He was raised in Hawaii and is of Chinese descent. He attended school at Pearl City High School. He has been married to Diana Lee since 2008. Lee started his acting career with small roles in ""Born in East L.A."" (1987) and ""Back to the"
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"Bill Wallis William Wallis (20 November 1936 – 6 September 2013) was an English character actor and comedian who appeared in numerous radio and television roles, as well as in the theatre. Wallis was born in Guildford in Surrey, the only son of Albert Wallis, a trainee fishmonger turned engineer, and his wife, Anne, a nurse. He attended Farnham Grammar School from 1948 to 1955, where he was head boy. He gained a State Scholarship to St John's College, Cambridge, and while at Cambridge met Peter Cook and David Frost. When Cook and the team took ""Beyond the Fringe"" to"
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"the movie ""Mindwarp"". Campbell is also an ordained minister and has officiated weddings for couples. Bruce Campbell Bruce Lorne Campbell (born June 22, 1958) is an American actor, producer, writer, comedian and director. One of his best-known roles is portraying Ash Williams in Sam Raimi's ""Evil Dead"" franchise, beginning with the 1978 short film ""Within the Woods"". He has starred in many low-budget cult films such as ""Crimewave"" (1985), ""Maniac Cop"" (1988), """" (1989), and ""Bubba Ho-Tep"" (2002). In television, Campbell had lead roles in ""The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr."" (1993–94) and ""Jack of all Trades"" (2000), starred as"
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"Batman, real name Wayne Williams, debuted in ""Just Imagine Stan Lee with Joe Kubert Creating Batman"" (September 2001). Creators Stan Lee and Joe Kubert based this version on the character created by Bill Finger and Bob Kane. Like the original, this Batman has no superpowers. Unlike Bruce Wayne, Wayne Williams is African-American, instead of Caucasian. He is in excellent physical condition, and has a vast personal fortune allowing him access to custom equipment including: night vision lenses, Kevlar costume and sensors to magnify sound and cape-like bat wings to glide. Wayne Williams' father was a policeman who was killed in"
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"Muse Watson Muse Watson (born July 20, 1948) is an American stage and screen actor. He became known for his roles as Ben Willis, the primary antagonist in the ""I Know What You Did Last Summer"" franchise, Charles Westmoreland on the Fox television series ""Prison Break"" and as Mike Franks in CBS television series ""NCIS"". Watson was born on July 20, 1948, in Alexandria, Louisiana. He attended Louisiana Tech on a music stipend for two years before transferring to Berea College in Berea, Kentucky, where he performed for the first time on stage as Petruchio in a production of Shakespeare's"
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"My Name Is Bruce My Name Is Bruce is a 2007 American comedy horror film directed, co-produced by and starring B movie cult actor Bruce Campbell. The film was written by Mark Verheiden. It had a theatrical release in October 2008, followed by DVD and Blu-ray releases on February 10, 2009. Although Sam Raimi, with whom Bruce frequently collaborates, is not involved with this production, much of the film is in the vein of the ""Evil Dead"" series. Ted Raimi (Sam's brother), also a frequent collaborator, appears in this film. Campbell has shown several minutes of the movie during some"
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"Bobby Willis Robert Willis (25 January 1942 – 23 October 1999) was a British songwriter, who became the manager and eventually the husband of the late British singer and television personality Cilla Black. His first known recorded composition, ""Shy of Love"" was featured on the B-side of ""Love of the Loved"", the debut release of Cilla Black in September 1963. During the sixties he was to write many songs for his then girlfriend to record and perform. One of his most popular – ""Is It Love?"" – was featured in the beat film ""Ferry Cross the Mersey"" in 1965. He"
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"Austin Willis Alexander Austin Willis, (September 30, 1917 – April 3, 2004) was a Canadian actor and television host. Austin was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia to parents Alexander Samuel and Emma Graham (Pushie) Willis. His older brother, J. Frank Willis, was a radio broadcaster with the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (later the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). In 2002, Austin was made a Member of the Order of Canada. He is best known internationally for his appearance as Simmons, the man whom Auric Goldfinger beats at cards in the opening scenes of the James Bond film, ""Goldfinger"". Originally he was to"
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"in its ""Top 100"" list. Heming has also walked the runway for fashion shows including Herve Leger, John Galliano, Paco Rabanne, Christian Dior, Chanel, Maska, Thierry Mugler, Valentino, Emanuel Ungaro, Ralph Lauren, and Victoria's Secret Fashion Show. Emma Heming Emma Heming-Willis (born 18 June 1978) is an English model and actress. Born in Malta to an English father and a Guyanese mother, Heming was raised in north London, United Kingdom, and California, United States. On 21 March 2009, Heming married actor Bruce Willis in the Turks and Caicos Islands. The ceremony was not legally binding, so the couple wed again"
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"David Dunn (character) David Dunn is a fictional character and the main protagonist in the ""Unbreakable"" film series, portrayed by American actor Bruce Willis. Dunn is a former college football prodigy and presently a security guard who discovers he has superhuman abilities. He is the main protagonist in ""Unbreakable"", a minor cameo character in ""Split"", and will return in ""Glass"" as the main protagonist. David Dunn was a football player until an auto car accident occurred. Sometime after the accident, he went off to marry Audrey who together have a son named Joseph. In the present, David is a security"
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"Lewis Wilson Lewis Gilbert Wilson (January 28, 1920 – August 9, 2000) was an American actor from New York City who was most famous for being the first actor to play DC Comics character Batman on screen in the 1943 film serial ""Batman"". Wilson graduated from Worcester Academy in Worcester, Massachusetts in 1939. His family had long roots with the school and his father and even grandfather were graduates. Following the entry of the United States into World War II, in 1943 Columbia Pictures created the first Batman live action series, simply called ""Batman"". Wilson was cast as the title"
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"of 17, she married singer Freddy Moore, 12 years her senior and recently divorced from his first wife, Lucy. During their marriage, Demi began using Freddy's surname as her stage name. She filed for divorce in September 1984; it was finalized on August 7, 1985. Moore was then engaged to actor Emilio Estevez, with whom she co-starred in ""Wisdom,"" a crime drama he also wrote and directed. The pair planned to marry in December 1986, but called off the engagement. On November 21, 1987, Moore married her second husband, actor Bruce Willis. She and Willis have three daughters together: Rumer"
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"recurring roles as Alex Longshadow in ""Banshee"" and Bruce Wayne / Batman in ""Beware the Batman"". Anthony Ruivivar Anthony Michael Ruivivar (born ) is an American actor. He is known for his portrayal of paramedic Carlos Nieto in ""Third Watch"" and as the voice of Bruce Wayne / Batman in ""Beware the Batman"". He often plays characters working in law enforcement. Ruivivar was born in Honolulu, Hawaii to a musician father. In January 1998 he married actress Yvonne Jung, who would later appear in seasons 5 and 6 (2003–05) of ""Third Watch"" as FDNY EMS Paramedic Holly Levine. In the"
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"On September 21, 2009, Willis posted their wedding program. Their twin boys, Chase Alexander and Zachary Dashiel, were born on December 3, 2015. ""Roomies!"", ""It's Walky!"", ""Shortpacked!"", and ""Joyce & Walky!"" are each set in the same fictional universe, with many characters appearing in multiple comics. This is collectively called the Walkyverse. ""Dumbing of Age"" shares many of the same characters with the previous titles, but it exists within a separate continuity. Roomies! is a webcomic by Willis starring the college adventures of two roommates, Danny and Joe. It ran from September 8, 1997, to December 20, 1999. Originally a"
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"Willis was born in Sunderland, County Durham, and grew up in the Surrey village of Stoke d'Abernon near Cobham, having moved there at the age of six. His father was an employee of the BBC, and Willis had an elder brother named David with whom he played cricket in the garden, and an elder sister. In 1965, Willis added his third name ""Dylan"" by deed poll in honour of American musician Bob Dylan, of whom he is a fan. Willis was educated at the Royal Grammar School, Guildford, playing his early cricket for Stoke d'Abernon Cricket Club, where he later"
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"""On Santa Fe Trail"" and ""This Is the Army"") sent condolences to the family. Wallis is interred in a crypt at the Great Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California. 1938 and 1943 Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Awards Hal B. Wallis Harold Brent Wallis (born Aaron Blum Wolowicz; October 19, 1898 – October 5, 1986) was an American film producer. He is best remembered for producing ""Casablanca"" (1942), ""The Adventures of Robin Hood"" (1938), and ""True Grit"" (1969), along with many other major films for Warner Bros. featuring such film stars as Humphrey Bogart, Bette Davis, and"
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"Rumer Willis Rumer Glenn Willis (born August 16, 1988) is an American actress and singer. She is the oldest daughter of actors Bruce Willis and Demi Moore. Willis won season 20 of ""Dancing with the Stars."" She went on to make her Broadway debut in ""Chicago"" as Roxie Hart on September 21, 2015. She has recently had a recurring role in season 3 and 4 of FOX musical-drama ""Empire"" and became a series regular in its fourth season. She was born at Western Baptist Hospital in Paducah, Kentucky, while her father, Bruce Willis, was filming ""In Country"". She was named"
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"Wiz"", and who later played Clair Huxtable on ""The Cosby Show""). He also wrote the lyrics for her album, ""Josephine Superstar"". On November 17, 2007 Willis married a second time; his wife Karen is a lawyer and an entertainment executive. Victor Willis Victor Edward Willis (born July 1, 1951) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor. He is best known as the founding member of the disco group Village People and also as lead singer and co-songwriter for all of their most successful singles. In the group he performed costumed as a policeman or a naval officer. The son of"
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Which William wrote the novel Lord Of The Flies?
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"to a fictional town that has appeared in a number of his novels. The book itself appears prominently in his novels ""Hearts in Atlantis"" (1999), ""Misery"" (1987), and ""Cujo"" (1981). Stephen King wrote an introduction for a new edition of ""Lord of the Flies"" (2011) to mark the centenary of William Golding's birth in 2011. The novel ""Garden Lakes"" by Jaime Clarke is an homage to ""Lord of the Flies"". The final song on U2's debut album ""Boy"" (1980) takes its title, ""Shadows and Tall Trees"", from Chapter 7 in the book. Iron Maiden wrote a song inspired by the"
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"The Lord of the Isles The Lord of the Isles is a rhymed, romantic, narrative-poem by Sir Walter Scott, written in 1815. The story begins during the time when Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick has been hunted out of Scotland into exile by the English and their allies. Bruce returns over sea from the Island of Rachrin: but is forced to land close to hostile forces at Artonish Castle on the seacoast of Argylshire. Seeking refuge from tempestuous seas, Bruce begs shelter from Ronald, Lord of the Isles: inadvertently on the day of his marriage feast to the beautiful Edith"
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"The Kingdom by the Sea The Kingdom by the Sea (1983) is a written account of a three-month-long journey taken by novelist Paul Theroux round the United Kingdom in the summer of 1982. Starting his journey in London, he takes a train to Margate on the English coast. He then travels roughly clockwise round the British coastline, mainly by train, getting as far north as Cape Wrath. He ends his journey in Southend. 1982 was the summer of the Falklands War and the year when Prince William was born. The title of the book is taken from the opening lines"
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"posthumously. His son David (born 1940) continues to live at Tullimaar House. In September 1953, after many rejections from other publishers, Golding sent a manuscript to Faber & Faber and was initially rejected by their reader. His book, however, was championed by Charles Monteith, a new editor at the firm. Monteith asked for some changes to the text and the novel was published in September 1954 as ""Lord of the Flies"". After moving in 1958 from Salisbury to nearby Bowerchalke, he met his fellow villager and walking companion James Lovelock. The two discussed Lovelock's hypothesis, that the living matter of"
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"of novels ""A Dance to the Music of Time"" (1951–75), is a comic examination of movements and manners, power and passivity in English political, cultural and military life in the mid-20th century; comic novelist Kingsley Amis is best known for his academic satire ""Lucky Jim"" (1954); Nobel Prize laureate William Golding's allegorical novel ""Lord of the Flies"" (1954), explores how culture created by man fails, using as an example a group of British schoolboys marooned on a deserted island; philosopher Iris Murdoch was a prolific writer of novels that deal with such things as sexual relationships, morality, and the power"
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"a script of ""Lord of the Flies"" from Nigel Kneale, but Ealing Studios closed in 1959 before it could be produced. The novel was adapted into a movie for a second time in 1990; the 1963 film is generally considered more faithful to the novel than the 1990 adaptation. A group of British schoolboys are evacuated from England following the outbreak of an unidentified war. Their airliner is shot down by briefly-glimpsed fighter planes and ditches near a remote island. The main character, Ralph, is seen walking through a tropical forest. He meets an intelligent and chubby boy, who reveals"
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"Alkitrang Dugo Alkitrang Dugo is a 1976 Filipino television film based on the novel ""Lord of the Flies"" by English novelist Sir William Golding. A group of young Filipino athletes find themselves stranded on an uninhabited island after their plane crashes, claiming the lives of both their pilot and coach. Luis organizes the group and appoints himself leader. They find fresh water and gather coconuts. They then tried to build a shelter and tried to start a fire to keep warm and alert passing ships of their whereabouts, but Andy wants to stay on this island forever, because he is"
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"Kenneth Grahame Kenneth Grahame ( ; 8 March 1859 – 6 July 1932) was a British writer, most famous for ""The Wind in the Willows"" (1908), one of the classics of children's literature. He also wrote ""The Reluctant Dragon"". Both books were later adapted for stage and film, of which A. A. Milne's ""Toad of Toad Hall"" was the first. The Disney films ""The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad"" and ""The Reluctant Dragon"" are other adaptations. Kenneth Grahame was born on 8 March 1859 in Edinburgh, Scotland. When he was a little more than a year old, his father,"
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"The Fringes of the Fleet The Fringes of the Fleet is a booklet written in 1915 by Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936). The booklet contains essays and poems about nautical subjects in World War I. It is also the title of a song-cycle written in 1917 with music by the English composer Edward Elgar and lyrics from poems in Kipling's booklet. In 1915 Kipling was commissioned by ""The Daily Telegraph"" to write a series of six articles on his view of life in less well-known aspects of the defence of the nation on its seas. These were given the general title ""The"
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"laureate William Golding's allegorical novel ""Lord of the Flies"" 1954, explores how culture created by man fails, using as an example a group of British schoolboys marooned on a deserted island who try to govern themselves, but with disastrous results. Philosopher Iris Murdoch was a prolific writer of novels throughout the second half of the 20th century, that deal especially with sexual relationships, morality, and the power of the unconscious, including ""Under the Net"" (1954), ""The Black Prince"" (1973) and ""The Green Knight"" (1993). Scottish writer Muriel Spark pushed the boundaries of realism in her novels. Her first, ""The Comforters"""
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"back into fashion. In 1908, Kenneth Grahame (1859–1932) wrote the children's classic ""The Wind in the Willows"". An informal literary discussion group associated with the English faculty at the University of Oxford, were the ""Inklings"". Its leading members were the major fantasy novelists; C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien. Lewis is especially known for ""The Chronicles of Narnia"", while Tolkien is best known as the author of ""The Hobbit"" and ""The Lord of the Rings"". Another significant writer is Alan Garner author of ""Elidor"" (1965), while Terry Pratchett is a more recent fantasy writer. Roald Dahl rose to prominence with his"
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"as Geoffrey Chaucer's ""Canterbury Tales"" (1387), Miguel de Cervantes' ""Don Quixote"" (1605), William Shakespeare's ""Pericles, Prince of Tyre"" (c.1608), Laurence Sterne's ""The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman"" (1759), William Makepeace Thackeray's ""Vanity Fair"" (1847), as well as more recent works such as J.R.R. Tolkien's ""The Lord of the Rings"" (1954–1955), or Douglas Adams' ""The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"" (1979). Metafiction, however, became particularly prominent in the 1960s, with authors and works such as John Barth's ""Lost in the Funhouse"", Robert Coover's ""The Babysitter"" and ""The Magic Poker"", Kurt Vonnegut's ""Slaughterhouse-Five"", John Fowles' ""The French Lieutenant's Woman"", Thomas"
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"J. Thomas Looney John Thomas Looney (14 August 1870 – 17 January 1944) was an English school teacher who is notable for having originated the Oxfordian theory, which claims that Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford (1550–1604) was the true author of Shakespeare's plays. Looney came from a Methodist religious background, but later converted to the rationalistic Religion of Humanity, becoming a leader of its church in Tyneside. After the failure of the local church, Looney turned to the Shakespeare authorship question, publishing in 1920 his theory that de Vere was the author of most of the poems and"
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"Time"", is a comic examination of movements and manners, power and passivity in English political, cultural and military life in the mid-20th century; Nobel Prize laureate William Golding's allegorical novel ""Lord of the Flies"" 1954, explores how culture created by man fails, using as an example a group of British schoolboys marooned on a deserted island. Philosopher Iris Murdoch was a prolific writer of novels throughout the second half of the 20th century, that deal especially with sexual relationships, morality, and the power of the unconscious. Scottish writer Muriel Spark pushed the boundaries of realism in her novels. ""The Prime"
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"goes into high gear as they set out to rescue the women. Ultimately, one lady is reunited with her knight, another finds a new love when her knight is killed, and the last is left to mourn as her champion throws her over for Birdalone. The Water of the Wondrous Isles The Water of the Wondrous Isles is a fantasy novel by William Morris, perhaps the first writer of modern fantasy to unite an imaginary world with the element of the supernatural, and thus a precursor of much of present-day fantasy literature. It was first printed in 1897 by Morris'"
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"Lloyd Alexander Lloyd Chudley Alexander (January 30, 1924 – May 17, 2007) was an American author of more than forty books, primarily fantasy novels for children and young adults. His most famous work is ""The Chronicles of Prydain"", a series of five high fantasy novels whose conclusion, ""The High King"", was awarded the 1969 Newbery Medal for excellence in American children's literature. He won U.S. National Book Awards in 1971 and 1982. Alexander was one creator of the children's literary magazine ""Cricket"". Alexander was born in Philadelphia in 1924 and grew up in Drexel Hill, a section of Upper Darby"
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"la justice mettre le nez dans nos draps"" (""The Oscar Wilde Affair, or, On the Danger of Allowing Justice to put its Nose in our Sheets"") by , a French religious historian. Oscar Wilde Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 185430 November 1900) was an Irish poet and playwright. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of London's most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. He is best remembered for his epigrams and plays, his novel ""The Picture of Dorian Gray"", and the circumstances of his imprisonment and early death. Wilde's parents were successful Anglo-Irish"
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"Geoffrey Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer (; – 25 October 1400) is known as the Father of English literature and is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages. He was the first to be buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey. Chaucer achieved fame during his lifetime as an author, philosopher, and astronomer, composing a scientific treatise on the astrolabe for his 10 year-old son Lewis. He also maintained an active career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier, and diplomat. Among his many works are ""The Book of the Duchess"", ""The House of Fame"", ""The Legend of"
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"Geoffrey Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer (; – 25 October 1400) is known as the Father of English literature and is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages. He was the first to be buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey. Chaucer achieved fame during his lifetime as an author, philosopher, and astronomer, composing a scientific treatise on the astrolabe for his 10 year-old son Lewis. He also maintained an active career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier, and diplomat. Among his many works are ""The Book of the Duchess"", ""The House of Fame"", ""The Legend of"
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"King Lear King Lear is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare. It depicts the gradual descent into madness of the title character, after he disposes of his kingdom by giving bequests to two of his three daughters egged on by their continual flattery, bringing tragic consequences for all. Derived from the legend of Leir of Britain, a mythological pre-Roman Celtic king, the play has been widely adapted for the stage and motion pictures, with the title role coveted by many of the world's most accomplished actors. The first attribution to Shakespeare of this play, originally drafted in 1605 or 1606"
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"J. R. R. Tolkien John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, (; 3 January 1892 – 2 September 1973) was an English writer, poet, philologist, and university professor who is best known as the author of the classic high fantasy works ""The Hobbit"", ""The Lord of the Rings"", and ""The Silmarillion"". He served as the Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon and Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford, from 1925 to 1945 and Merton Professor of English Language and Literature and Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, from 1945 to 1959. He was at one time a close friend of C. S. Lewis—they were both"
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"James are popular. Nigel Tranter wrote historical novels of celebrated Scottish warriors; Robert the Bruce in ""The Bruce Trilogy"", and William Wallace in ""The Wallace"" (1975), works noted by academics for their accuracy. John Wyndham wrote post-apocalyptic science fiction, his most notable works being ""The Day of the Triffids"" (1951), and ""The Midwich Cuckoos"" (1957). George Langelaan's ""The Fly"" (1957), is a science fiction short story. Science fiction novelist Arthur C. Clarke's """" (1968), is based on his various short stories, particularly ""The Sentinel"" (1951). His other major novels include ""Rendezvous with Rama"" (1972), and ""The Fountains of Paradise"" (1979)."
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"even contentious choice"". In 1988 Golding was appointed a Knight Bachelor. In September 1993, only a few months after his sudden death, the First International William Golding Conference was held in France, where Golding's presence had been promised and was eagerly expected. Despite his success, Golding ""was abnormally thin-skinned when it came to criticism of his work. He simply could not read even the mildest reservation and on occasion left the country when his books were published."" His first novel, ""Lord of the Flies"" (1954; film, 1963 and 1990; play, adapted by Nigel Williams, 1995), describes a group of boys"
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"and Jack Caine as ""Simon"". Many writers have borrowed plot elements from ""Lord of the Flies"". By the early 1960s, it was required reading in many schools and colleges. Stephen King's fictional town of Castle Rock, inspired by the fictional mountain fort of the same name in ""Lord of the Flies"", in turn inspired the name of Rob Reiner's production company, Castle Rock Entertainment, which produced the film ""Lord of the Flies"" (1990). Stephen King got the name Castle Rock from the fictional mountain fort of the same name in ""Lord of the Flies"" and used the name to refer"
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"Oscar Wilde Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 185430 November 1900) was an Irish poet and playwright. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of London's most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. He is best remembered for his epigrams and plays, his novel ""The Picture of Dorian Gray"", and the circumstances of his imprisonment and early death. Wilde's parents were successful Anglo-Irish intellectuals in Dublin. Their son became fluent in French and German early in life. At university, Wilde read Greats; he proved himself to be an outstanding classicist, first at Dublin, then at"
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"he hoped it would answer ""some of the standard questions which students were asking"" (7). The book starts out with an essay on the Battle of Thermopylae, which can be translated from ancient Greek to English as ""hot gates"", thus giving it the title. The Hot Gates are famous for being the place where Leonidas I made his last stand against the Persian army under Xerxes I. The Hot Gates The Hot Gates is the title of a collection of essays by William Golding, author of ""Lord of the Flies"". The collection is divided into four sections: ""People and Places"","
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"career began in the 1890s with science fiction novels like ""The War of the Worlds"" (1898) which describes an invasion of late Victorian England by Martians, and Wells is, along with Frenchman Jules Verne (1828–1905), as a major figure in the development of the science fiction genre. The history of the modern fantasy genre is generally said to begin with George MacDonald, the influential author of ""The Princess and the Goblin"" and ""Phantastes"" (1858). William Morris was a popular English poet who also wrote several fantasy novels during the latter part of the nineteenth century. The vampire genre fiction began"
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"The House of the Wolfings A Tale of the House of the Wolfings and All the Kindreds of the Mark is a fantasy novel by William Morris, perhaps the first modern fantasy writer to unite an imaginary world with the element of the supernatural, and thus the precursor of much of present-day fantasy literature. It was first published in hardcover by Reeves and Turner in 1889. The book influenced J. R. R. Tolkien's popular ""The Lord of the Rings"". This work and its successor, ""The Roots of the Mountains"", were to some degree historical novels, with little or no magic."
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"classes, as well as an Anglo-Norman literature. Middle English literature emerged with Geoffrey Chaucer, author of ""The Canterbury Tales"", along with Gower, the Pearl Poet and Langland. William of Ockham and Roger Bacon, who were Franciscans, were major philosophers of the Middle Ages. Julian of Norwich, who wrote ""Revelations of Divine Love"", was a prominent Christian mystic. With the English Renaissance literature in the Early Modern English style appeared. William Shakespeare, whose works include ""Hamlet"", ""Romeo and Juliet"", ""Macbeth"", and ""A Midsummer Night's Dream"", remains one of the most championed authors in English literature. Christopher Marlowe, Edmund Spenser, Philip Sydney,"
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"The Water of the Wondrous Isles The Water of the Wondrous Isles is a fantasy novel by William Morris, perhaps the first writer of modern fantasy to unite an imaginary world with the element of the supernatural, and thus a precursor of much of present-day fantasy literature. It was first printed in 1897 by Morris' own Kelmscott Press on vellum and artisanal paper in a blackletter type of his own design. For the wider reading public, a hardcover trade edition was published later that year by Longmans, Green and Co. The novel was republished by Ballantine Books as the thirty-eighth"
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"characterized as a typical ""noble savage"" by art historian Vivien Green Fryd, but her interpretation has been contested. The most famous modern example of ""hard"" (or anti-) primitivism in books and movies was William Golding's ""Lord of the Flies"", published in 1954. The title is said to be a reference to the Biblical devil, Beelzebub. This book, in which a group of school boys stranded on a desert island ""revert"" to savage behavior, was a staple of high school and college required reading lists during the Cold War. In the 1970s, film director Stanley Kubrick professed his opposition to primitivism."
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"as ""Heart of Darkness"" and ""Lord of the Flies"", and the anonymous memoirs of an escaped Australian prisoner. Although set in Thailand, Garland wrote the book while living in the Philippines and in particular was inspired by similar geography on the island of Palawan . Novelist Nick Hornby referred to ""The Beach"" as ""a ""Lord of the Flies"" for Generation X"", and the ""Sunday Oregonian"" called it ""Generation X's first great novel"". ""The Washington Post"" wrote that it is ""a furiously intelligent first novel"" and ""a book that moves with the kind of speed and grace many older writers can"
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"echoed in William Golding's ""Lord of the Flies"", written some 66 years later. Two Years' Vacation Two Years' Vacation () is an adventure novel by Jules Verne, published in 1888. The story tells of the fortunes of a group of schoolboys stranded on a deserted island in the South Pacific, and of their struggles to overcome adversity. In his preface to the book, Verne explains that his goals were to create a Robinson Crusoe-like environment for children, and to show the world what the intelligence and bravery of a child was capable of when put to the test. The story"
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Which innovation for the car was developed by Prince Henry of Prussia in 1911?
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"became the club's patron. Henry was interested in motor cars as well and supposedly invented a windshield wiper and, according to other sources, the car horn. In his honor, the ""Prinz-Heinrich-Fahrt"" (Prince Heinrich Tour) was established in 1908, like the earlier Kaiserpreis a precursor to the German Grand Prix. Henry and his brother William gave patronage to the Kaiserlicher Automobilclub (Imperial Automobile Club). Henry also was an early proponent of introducing submarines and airplanes. He had merchant ships converted into seaplane tenders for operations in the Baltic Sea. Henry respected his brother, but this attitude was not returned in the"
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"cars sold quickly and became known as Prince Henry Vauxhalls. Prince Henry cars also competed in other international trials including the 1911 St Petersburg to Sebastopol Trial and so two cars were sold to Tsar Nicholas II. A sales and support and distribution branch was opened in Moscow with good results. Hampered by the First World War the office was finally closed after the 1918 revolution. The Prince Henry was a higher tuned version of the Vauxhall 20 hp that had been designed in the winter of 1907-08 by then draughtsman Laurence Pomeroy (1883–1941) when the company's chief engineer F."
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"Vauxhall Prince Henry The Vauxhall Prince Henry was a car manufactured by Vauxhall from 1911 to 1914. It had a length of around and a weight of depending on the model and the coachwork fitted. It is often thought of as the first sports car insofar as its high performance depends less on brute strength and more on overall excellence of design and sturdiness of construction. Known to Vauxhall as their C-10 three specially prepared cars were entered in the 1200 mile (1900 km) long 1910 Motor Trials named in honour of Prince Henry of Prussia. Replicas of the trial"
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"the Prince Henry radiator and bonnet were adopted. This was one of the first cases of a British car having its bonnet merging into the scuttle without an intermediate no-man's land of exposed dashboard. ""Of the three Vauxhalls which ran in the Prince Henry Tour, two got full marks for reliability, and all did about 65 miles an hour in the speed trial, which was really quite good for that engine with a four-seated body and a full complement of passengers. So many people desired cars of this special type that in 1911 it was made a regular product of"
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"from DMG's ownership in 1909. In 1910, the company was renamed ""Oesterreichische Daimler Motoren AG"" (Austrian Daimler Engines AG) whose logo was the ""Austrian Royal double-headed eagle"". In 1912 DMG sold its remaining shares. In 1911 Austro-Daimler began producing the ""Prinz Heinrich"" (in English: ""Prince Henry"") model; this car, which featured an overhead cam 5,714-cc four-cylinder engine, quickly became famous. It could develop 95 bhp at 2,100 rpm; there was also a less potent version with side valves and a 6,900-cc engine capable of developing at only 1,200 rpm. Both designs were by Porsche. During the First World War, the"
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"Prince engine Prince is the codename for a family of automobile straight-4 engines developed by PSA Peugeot Citroën and BMW. It is a compact engine family of 1.4–1.6 L in displacement and includes most modern features including gasoline direct injection, turbocharging, BMW VANOS and variable valve timing. The BMW variants of the Prince engine are known as the N12, N13, N14, N16 and N18. It replaced the Tritec engine family in the Mini and was first introduced in 2006 for MINI. Later in 2011 also for BMW models F20 116i and 118i. This was the first longitudinal engine mount option"
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"The last event was in 1911, not as contest, but as a touristic event. Prinz-Heinrich-Fahrt The Prinz-Heinrich-Fahrt (""Prince Heinrich Tour"", also known as Prince Henry Tour), named after Prince Albert Wilhelm Heinrich of Prussia, was an automobile contest held from 1908 to 1911 and a precursor to the German Grand Prix. The brother of Emperor Wilhelm II, who had staged a Kaiserpreis for automobiles in 1907 (and for other sports also), was an automobile enthusiast and inventor. Only production touring cars with four seats and three passengers were admitted, no special made race cars. The trophy for the winner was"
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"This revolutionary design worked well and was much quieter than other twin engines in the country, providing up to 14 hp and remaining in production for several years. Protos' six-cylinder vehicle found many buyers, including Crown Prince Wilhelm II, and his brother Prince Heinrich of Prussia who invented and patented the first windscreen wipers for cars in 1908. Crown Prince Wilhelm II's stable of cars consisted entirely of Protos so that the firm could advertise in 1911 """"The German Crown Prince, a sportsman and automobile expert, drives only Protos vehicles."""" In 1906 the headquarters were moved from 39 Schöneberg Großgörschenstraße"
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"at £580 with the chassis code C10 and known as the Prince Henry model. Both Austro-Daimler and Vauxhall offered for sale replicas of their Prince Henry models at the 1911 Olympia Motor Show In 1913 the engine capacity was increased to 3969 cc and the internal designation changed to C. Production continued until 1915. Cars produced in 1914 have flutes in the bonnet that fade out a short way behind the radiator. This 1914 car described below was very familiar to the writer who was a colleague and a close friend of its owner, Laurence Pomeroy junior, the designer's son."
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"Prinz-Heinrich-Fahrt The Prinz-Heinrich-Fahrt (""Prince Heinrich Tour"", also known as Prince Henry Tour), named after Prince Albert Wilhelm Heinrich of Prussia, was an automobile contest held from 1908 to 1911 and a precursor to the German Grand Prix. The brother of Emperor Wilhelm II, who had staged a Kaiserpreis for automobiles in 1907 (and for other sports also), was an automobile enthusiast and inventor. Only production touring cars with four seats and three passengers were admitted, no special made race cars. The trophy for the winner was a model car made of 13,5 kg silver. Ferdinand Porsche himself won in 1910."
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"The smallest Vauxhall 16-20 was not displayed. Vauxhall's 23-60 replaced the 25 in July 1922. In 1911 Vauxhall introduced its Prince Henry which had much sporting success. Many of these cars were fitted with heavy bodies and to better cater for this trade, Vauxhall re-tuned the engine, de-rating the maximum power to . The 25 was marketed as the ""weight carrying chassis"". Top speed is around 60 mph. The substantial chassis has semi elliptic leaf springs and rigid axles front and rear. The engine, with fixed cylinder head and bore of 95 mm and stroke of 140 mm, drives the"
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"himself driving a front-wheel drive hybrid. It was later upgraded with more powerful engines from Daimler and Panhard, which proved to be enough to gain more speed records. In 1905 Porsche was awarded the ""Pötting prize"" as Austria's most outstanding automotive engineer. In 1902 he was drafted into military service. He served as a chauffeur to Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the crown prince of Austria whose assassination sparked World War I a decade later. In 1906, Austro-Daimler recruited Porsche as their chief designer. Porsche's best known Austro-Daimler car was designed for the Prince Henry Trial in 1910, named after"
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"the 1912 Peugeot which won the French Grand Prix at Dieppe that year. This car was powered by a straight-4 engine designed by Ernest Henry under the guidance of the technically knowledgeable racing drivers Paul Zuccarelli and Georges Boillot. Boillot, who drove the winning car that year, won the French Grand Prix for Peugeot again in 1913 but was beaten in 1914 by the SOHC Mercedes of Christian Lautenschlager. Both the Allies and the Central Powers quickly adapted the overhead camshaft engine designs that had been used in racing cars just before the First World War to their liquid-cooled aircraft"
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"were important to the growing popularity of fast motor cars in Britain. Like the 60 hp Mercedes the Prince Henry Austro-Daimler and Vauxhall were production fast touring cars. The Prince Henry Tours (which were similar to modern car rallies) were among the sporting events of the period, bringing renown to successful entrants. Porsche himself drove the Austro-Daimler to victory in the 1910 Prince Henry Tour. The Prince Henry Tours started the evolution of reasonably large and technically advanced production sports cars. Hispano-Suiza's Alfonso XIII is also considered one of the earliest sports cars, developed between 1911 and 1914 from the"
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"the high price of oil and the economic recession, the proportion of new vehicles with inline-four engines have increased considerably at the expense of V6 and V8 engines. This is particularly evident in mid-size vehicles where a decreasing number of buyers have chosen the V6 performance options. 1913 saw a Peugeot driven by Jules Goux winning the Indianapolis 500. This car was powered by an inline-four engine designed by Ernest Henry. This design was very influential for racing engines as it had, for the first time, dual overhead camshafts (DOHC) and four valves per cylinder, a layout that would become"
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"first of the ""vintage"" and the last of the ""veteran"" cars.""""<br> –Kent Karslake, 1956 ""The evolution of this model has been interesting. In 1910 there was organised in Germany the event now famous as the Prince Henry Tour. Having an idea of opening an agency in Germany, the Vauxhall company thought that to enter for this competitive run would be useful to them. There were penalties for involuntary stops, as in most road trials, but there was also a speed test in which marks were awarded according to a figure of merit based upon a hypothetical relationship between car-speed and"
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"the 1912 Peugeot L76 Grand Prix race car designed by Ernest Henry. Its 7.6-litre monobloc straight-4 with modern hemispherical combustion chambers produced 148 bhp (19.5 HP/Liter(0.32 bhp per cubic inch)). In April 1913, on the Brooklands racetrack in England, a specially built L76 called """"la Torpille"""" (torpedo) beat the world speed record of 170 km/h. Robert Peugeot also commissioned the young Ettore Bugatti to develop a GP racing car for the 1912 Grand Prix. This chain-driven Bugatti Type 18 had a 5-litre straight-4 with SOHC and three valves per cylinder (two inlet, one exhaust). It produced appr. at 2800 rpm"
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"ultra-rich. Also in 1919, hydraulic brakes were invented by Malcolm Loughead (co-founder of Lockheed); they were adopted by Duesenberg for their 1921 Model A. Three years later, Hermann Rieseler of Vulcan Motor invented the first automatic transmission, which had two-speed planetary gearbox, torque converter, and lockup clutch; it never entered production. (Its like would only become an available option in 1940.) Just at the end of the vintage era, tempered glass (now standard equipment in side windows) was invented in France. In this era the revolutionary ponton design of cars without fully articulated fenders, running boards and other non-compact ledge"
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"the Vauxhall works, and, during the last year or so a new style has sprung up. In this the engine dimensions are 95 by 140 mm., the old bore-stroke ratio having penalised the car under many hill-climbing formulae. All such formulae which do not involve the cubic capacity of the engine are by common acceptance considered advantageous to engines with small bore and long stroke. The chassis follows the lines of the original Prince Henry, but has rather a longer wheel base.""<br>H. Massac Buist, March 1914. Vauxhall Prince Henry The Vauxhall Prince Henry was a car manufactured by Vauxhall from"
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"engines, to the current Formula 1 recapitulate this formula, which is now becoming universal in production automobiles. In 1913, the 5.6 liter and 3 liter engines were further developed with camshaft timing, previously carried by shaft and bevel, now carried out by a cascade of gears, and lubrication was amended by adding a dry sump. In 1914 Henry adapted his automobile engine design for a new 500 cc straight-twin engine racing motorcycle. The Peugeot 500 M racing motorcycle was the world's first motorcycle to use a double overhead camshaft cylinder head; the twin camshafts were driven by a cascade of"
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"Wilhelm II's younger brother Prince Heinrich of Prussia. Examples of this streamlined, 85 horsepower (63 kW) car won the first three places, and the car is still better known by the nickname ""Prince Henry"" than by its model name ""Modell 27/80"". He also created a 30 horsepower model called the Maja, named after Mercedes Jellinek's younger sister, Andrée Maja (or Maia) Jellinek. Porsche had advanced to Managing Director by 1916 and received an honorary doctorate from the Vienna University of Technology in 1916: the title ""Dr. Ing. h.c."" is an abbreviation of """"Doktor Ingenieur Honoris Causa"""". Porsche successfully continued to"
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"sports cars are considered to be the 3 litre 1910 Prince Henry ""(Prinz Heinrich)"" Vauxhall 20 hp (tax rating), and the 27/80PS Austro-Daimler designed by Ferdinand Porsche. Porsche's active engineering career spanned the history of the sports car over the first half of the twentieth century, first coming to prominence as chief designer and technical director for the 1910 Prince Henry Austro-Daimler (then Austrian-Daimler). The Prince Henry Vauxhall was designed by L.H. Pomeroy and featured a 3-liter engine that gave 60 hp at 2800 rpm, high performance for the period with reliability, and ""torpedo"" flush-bonnet coachwork. The Prince Henry Vauxhalls"
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"If this car is typical of what the Prince Henry Tours produced the Prince Henry period can only be regarded as a most important constituent of the Golden Age.<br>Kent Karslake, 1956. The only other surviving examples are in the Schlumpf Collection, Musée National de l'Automobile de Mulhouse, France and the other car is privately owned and in England. Black Bess changed stable in 2009 for €2,427,500. Bugatti Type 18 The Bugatti Type 18, also called the Garros, is an automobile produced from 1912 through 1914. Produced shortly after the start of the business, the design was something of a relic."
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"in fuel economy. In 1906 Krebs traveled to the United States to plead in the Selden Case, associated with Henry Ford. Krebs introduced many improvements in car design: the steering wheel (1898), non-reversible steering (1898), engine balance (1898), nickel steel alloys and other special steel alloys (1901), the shock absorber (1906), multi-disc clutch (1907), the electric brake dynamometer for testing high performance engines (1905), the enveloping (globoid) Worm gear differential (1915). Also, Krebs contributed significantly to improve the Systeme Panhard (engine in front, rear wheel drive) which became universally adopted before World War II. In 1909, he became interested in"
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"as pioneering the rear-view mirror which appeared on his 1911 Indianapolis 500 winning car, though he himself claimed he got the idea from seeing a mirror used for a similar purpose on a horse-drawn vehicle in 1904. A typical open-wheeler has a minimal cockpit sufficient only to enclose the driver's body, with the head exposed to the air. In the Whelen Modified Tour and other short track modified series, the driver's head is contained in the car. In modern cars the engine is often located directly behind the driver, and drives the rear wheels; except in asphalt modified cars, such"
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"been created in 1885 by the German inventor Carl Benz (Benz Patent-Motorwagen). More efficient production methods were needed to make automobiles affordable for the middle class, to which Ford contributed by, for instance, introducing the first moving assembly line in 1913 at the Ford factory in Highland Park. Between 1903 and 1908, Ford produced the Models A, B, C, F, K, N, R, and S. Hundreds or a few thousand of most of these were sold per year. In 1908, Ford introduced the mass-produced Model T, which totalled millions sold over nearly 20 years. In 1927, Ford replaced the T"
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"for racing engines as it featured for the first time DOHC and four valves per cylinder, providing for high engine speeds, a radical departure from previous racing engines which relied on huge displacement for power. In 1913, Peugeots of similar design to the 1912 Grand Prix car won the French Grand Prix at Amiens and the Indianapolis 500. When one of the Peugeot racers remained in the United States during World War I and parts could not be acquired from France for the 1914 season, owner Bob Burman had it serviced in the shop of Harry Miller by a young"
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"Nicolaus Otto created a four-stroke internal combustion engine, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach modified the Otto engine to run at higher speeds, and Karl Benz pioneered the electric ignition. The Duryea brothers and Hiram Percy Maxim were among the first to construct a ""horseless carriage"" in the US in the mid-1890s, but these early cars proved to be heavy and expensive. Henry Ford revolutionized the automobile manufacturing process by employing interchangeable parts on assembly lines—the beginning of industrial mass production. In 1908, the Ford Motor Company released the Ford Model T which could generate 20 horsepower, was lightweight, and easy"
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"and together with Panhard they started building cars. Levassor, Peugeot and Daimler all met in 1888 at Peugeot's Valentigny Factory to share their knowledge, a summit that led Levassor and Peugeot to cooperate in experimenting with Daimler and Benz engines. However, Levassor gave more thought to the design and operation of the new car than had Benz, Daimler or Peugeot, all of whom had been more concerned with introducing a successful engine into what was still basically a small carriage. The Panhard of 1891, with an engine built under Daimler licence, introduced a series of innovations that effectively created the"
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"car — much lower than their usual designs — which were similar to horse carriages; that model dominated racing for years. In 1914, just before the beginning of the First World War, the DMG ""Mercedes 35 hp"" won the French Grand Prix, finishing 1-2-3. Karl Benz's company, Benz & Cie. built the ""bird beaked"", ""Blitzen Benz"" that set land speed records several times, reaching in 1911. That record gained that model the reputation of being faster than any other automobile — as well as any train or plane. They constructed many aerodynamically designed race cars. Benz was involved in Grand"
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"its speed controlled by the driver using a lever on the steering wheel. Its peak output was at Mercedes 35 hp The Mercedes () was a radical early car model designed in 1901 by Wilhelm Maybach and Paul Daimler, for Emil Jellinek. Produced in Stuttgart, Germany, by Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG), it began the Mercedes line of cars (since 1926 re-branded Mercedes-Benz). Its name is derived from the power of the car, , approximately . A significant advancement over the previous generation of automobiles, which were modified stagecoaches, the Mercedes is regarded as the first modern car. It was equipped with a"
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"propulsion, using a mechanism devised by Charles Mildé and Louis Kriéger who had been pioneers of electrically powered cars before the First World War. The Licorne 6/8 hp sedan on which the car was based was a conventionally sized small car, so significantly heavier than the cycle cars more usually associated with electric cars in the 1940s. Nevertheless a range of 90 kilometres (60 miles) and a cruising speed of 40 km/h (25 mph) were quoted. A light van using the same chassis and running gear was also advertised. Note: French Grand Prix, 1911 - Maurice Fournier died in a"
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"influenced later cars. Marcus created the two-cycle combustion engine. The car's second incarnation in 1880 introduced a four-cycle, gasoline-powered engine, an ingenious carburetor design and magneto ignition. He created an additional two models further refining his design with steering, a clutch and a brake. The four-stroke petrol (gasoline) internal combustion engine that still constitutes the most prevalent form of modern automotive propulsion was patented by Nikolaus Otto. The similar four-stroke diesel engine was invented by Rudolf Diesel. The hydrogen fuel cell, one of the technologies hailed as a replacement for gasoline as an energy source for cars, was discovered in"
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How is Joan Molinsky better known?
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