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With a population of a little over 110,000, what is the capital city and largest city of South Carolina?
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"40th most extensive and 23rd most populous U.S. state. Its GDP as of 2013 was $183.6 billion, with an annual growth rate of 3.13%. South Carolina is composed of 46 counties. The capital is Columbia with a 2016 population of 134,309; while its largest city is Charleston with a 2016 population of 134,385. The Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin metropolitan area is the largest in the state, with a 2016 population estimate of 884,975. South Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England, who first formed the English colony, with ""Carolus"" being Latin for ""Charles"". South Carolina is known for its"
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"Gaffney, South Carolina Gaffney is a town in and the seat of Cherokee County, South Carolina, United States, in the Upstate region of South Carolina. Gaffney is known as the ""Peach Capital of South Carolina"". The population was 12,539 at the 2010 census, with an estimated population of 12,597 in 2014. It is the principal city of the Gaffney, South Carolina, Micropolitan Statistical Area (population 55,662 according to 2012 estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau), which includes all of Cherokee County and which is further included in the greater Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, South Carolina Combined Statistical Area (population 1,384,996 according to year"
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"Colonial period of South Carolina The history of the colonial period of South Carolina focuses on the English colonization that created one of the original Thirteen Colonies. Major settlement began after 1651 as the northern half of the British colony of Carolina attracted frontiersmen from Pennsylvania and Virginia, while the southern parts were populated by wealthy English people who set up large plantations dependent on slave labor, for the cultivation of cotton, rice, and indigo and memess. The colony was separated into the Province of South Carolina and the Province of North Carolina in 1712. South Carolina's capital city of"
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"North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 9th most populous of the U.S. states. The state is divided into 100 counties. The capital is Raleigh, which along with Durham and Chapel Hill is home to the largest research park in the United States (Research Triangle Park). The most populous municipality is Charlotte, which is the second largest banking"
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"the University of South Carolina campus reached on June 29, 2012, establishing a new state record high. The metropolitan statistical area of Columbia is the second-largest in South Carolina; it has a population of 817,488 according to the 2016 Census estimates. Columbia's metropolitan counties include: Columbia's suburbs and environs include: As of the census of 2010, there were 129,272 people, 52,471 total households, and 22,638 families residing in the city. The population density was 928.6 people per square mile (358.5/km²). There were 46,142 housing units at an average density of 368.5 per square mile (142.3/km²). The racial makeup of the"
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"Stateburg, South Carolina Stateburg is a census-designated place (CDP) in the High Hills of Santee in Sumter County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 1,380 at the 2010 census. It is included in the Sumter, South Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area. Stateburg is located within the larger Stateburg Historic District. In the 1780s, after the South Carolina General Assembly decided to move the state capital from Charleston to the central part of the state, Stateburg lost by only a few votes to a place called Granby's Ferry on the Congaree River near the confluence of the Broad and Saluda rivers."
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"municipal population is smaller than Sumter's, but the Anderson MSA is larger, as seen below. Columbia, Charleston, and Greenville all have urbanized area populations between 400,000–550,000, while their metropolitan statistical area (MSA) populations are each more than 600,000. The Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson MSA population consists of approximately 1.4 million people, making it the largest in the state and third largest in the Carolinas. As of 2010: South Carolina residents are majority Protestant Christian, with a lower percentage of people claiming no religious affiliation than the national average. The religious affiliations of the people of South Carolina are as follows: Sephardic Jews have"
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"state capital, and 87 miles northwest of Wilmington in Southeastern North Carolina. Goldsboro is best known as home to Seymour Johnson Air Force Base. As of the 2000 census, there were 39,043 people, 46,630 households, and 29,465 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,574.9 inhabitants per square mile (708.1/km²). There were 19,372 housing units at an average density of 660.4 per square mile (255.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 52.24% African American, 43.04% White, 0.43% Native American, 1.44% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 1.14% from other races, and 1.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or"
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"of Lancaster is also home to the University of South Carolina at Lancaster also known as USCL. Public Schools Located in Lancaster : Private Schools Universities: Lancaster, South Carolina The city of Lancaster () is the county seat of Lancaster County, South Carolina, United States, located in the Charlotte Metropolitan Area. As of the United States Census of 2010, the city population was 9,134 but due to South Carolina's strict annexation laws its actual population is well over twenty thousand people. The city was named after the famous House of Lancaster. The Robert Barnwell Allison House, Craig House, Cureton House,"
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"Greenville, South Carolina Greenville (; locally ) is the largest city in and the seat of Greenville County, South Carolina, United States. The city's mayor is Knox H. White, who has been in that position since December 1995. With an estimated population of 68,219 as of 2017, it is the sixth-largest city in the state. The population of the surrounding area was 400,492 as of 2010, making it the third-largest urban area in South Carolina as well as the fastest growing. Greenville is the largest city in the Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin Metropolitan Statistical Area. The MSA had a population of 895,923 in"
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"Spartanburg, South Carolina Spartanburg is the most populous city in and the seat of Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States, and the 12th-largest city by population in the state. The city of Spartanburg has a municipal population of 37,013, and Spartanburg County has an urban population of 180,786 as of the 2010 census. The Spartanburg Metropolitan Statistical Area, including Spartanburg and Union counties, had a population of 317,057 as of the 2010-2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. Spartanburg is the second-largest city in the greater Greenville–Spartanburg–Anderson Combined Statistical Area, which has a population of 1,385,045 as of 2014. It is"
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"and Charleston, the latter being the country's fifth largest city. In the Antebellum period (before the Civil War) the state's economy and population grew. Cotton became an important crop after the invention of the cotton gin. While nominally democratic, from 1790 until 1865, wealthy male landowners were in control of South Carolina. For example, a man was not eligible to sit in the State House of Representatives unless he possessed an estate of 500 acres of land and 10 Negroes, or at least 150 pounds sterling. Columbia, the new state capital was founded in the center of the state, and"
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"and Singleton's Graveyard are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Known as the Gamecock City, Sumter lies near the geographic center of the state of South Carolina at (33.926942, −80.363541). Sumter is 100 miles west of Myrtle Beach's Grand Strand and 175 miles east of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Columbia, the state capital, lies approximately 45 miles to the west, and Charleston is approximately 100 miles to the south. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 26.8 square miles (69.3 km²), of which 26.6 square miles (68.9 km²) is land and"
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"line, including 34.6% of those under age 18 and 15.4% of those age 65 or over. Spartanburg, South Carolina Spartanburg is the most populous city in and the seat of Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States, and the 12th-largest city by population in the state. The city of Spartanburg has a municipal population of 37,013, and Spartanburg County has an urban population of 180,786 as of the 2010 census. The Spartanburg Metropolitan Statistical Area, including Spartanburg and Union counties, had a population of 317,057 as of the 2010-2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. Spartanburg is the second-largest city in the"
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"Charleston, South Carolina Charleston is the oldest and second largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley, Cooper, and Wando rivers. Charleston had an estimated population of 134,875 in 2017. The estimated population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester counties, was 761,155 residents in 2016, the"
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"in 2015 was 38,228. Florence is one of the major cities in South Carolina. In 1965, Florence was named an All-American City, presented by the National Civic League. The city was founded as a railroad hub and became the junction of three major railroad systems, including the Wilmington and Manchester, the Northeastern, and the Cheraw and Darlington. As of today, the city retains its status as a major hub in the coastal plain region of South Carolina, both for industry and infrastructure, while establishing itself as a regional center for business, medicine, culture and finance. The City of Florence was"
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"League's All-America City Award. Rock Hill was named by Time magazine as one of the top 50 places to live in the USA FOR 2018 Rock Hill, South Carolina Rock Hill is the largest city in York County, South Carolina, United States and the fifth-largest city in the state. It is also the fourth-largest city of the Charlotte metropolitan area, behind Charlotte, Concord, and Gastonia (all located in North Carolina, unlike Rock Hill). As of the 2010 Census, the population was 66,154. In 2016, the population had increased to 72,937. The city is located approximately south of Charlotte and approximately"
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"2017, making it the largest in South Carolina and the third largest in the Carolinas. Greenville is the largest city in the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson Combined Statistical Area, a 10-county region of northwestern South Carolina known as ""The Upstate"". According to United States Census Bureau, the CSA had a population of 1,459,766 as of 2017, making it the largest CSA in the state. Greenville is located approximately halfway between Atlanta and Charlotte, North Carolina, along Interstate 85, and its metropolitan area also includes Interstates 185 and 385. Greenville has gained recognition in various national publications such as ""CNN Money"", which ranked Greenville"
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"and the ""Palmetto"" and ""Silver Meteor"" routes serve the low country cities. Station stops Freight<br> CSX Transportation and Norfolk Southern are the only Class I railroad companies in South Carolina, as other freight companies in the state are short lines. There are seven significant airports in South Carolina, all of which act as regional airport hubs. The busiest by passenger volume is Charleston International Airport. Just across the border in North Carolina is Charlotte/Douglas International Airport, the 30th busiest airport in the world, in terms of passengers. As of 2010, South Carolina is one of three states that has not"
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"and is the geographical center of the Charlanta mega-region. After BMW's initial investment, foreign companies, including others from Germany, have a substantial presence in the Upstate; several large corporations have established regional, national, or continental headquarters in the area. Greenville is the largest city in the region with a population of 67,453 and an urban-area population of 400,492, and it is the base of most commercial activity. Spartanburg, followed by Anderson, are next in population. Ten counties are included in the Upstate of South Carolina: Greenville, Spartanburg, Anderson, Pickens, Oconee, Greenwood, Laurens, Cherokee, Union, Abbeville. Within the Greenville–Spartanburg–Anderson CSA are"
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"South Carolina State House The South Carolina State House is the building housing the government of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The building houses the South Carolina General Assembly and the offices of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina. Until 1971, it also housed the Supreme Court. It is located in the capital city of Columbia near the corner of Gervais and Assembly Streets. The State House is in the Greek Revival style; it is approximately tall, long, wide. It weighs more than and has of space. The old State House was constructed between 1786 and 1790."
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"for the city was $23,242. About 12.2% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.7% of those under age 18 and 17.5% of those age 65 or over. Neighborhoods within the city of Greenville include: Greenville, South Carolina Greenville (; locally ) is the largest city in and the seat of Greenville County, South Carolina, United States. The city's mayor is Knox H. White, who has been in that position since December 1995. With an estimated population of 68,219 as of 2017, it is the sixth-largest city in the state. The population of the"
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"Seneca, South Carolina Seneca is a city in Oconee County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 8,102 at the 2010 census. It is the principal city of the Seneca Micropolitan Statistical Area (population 74,273 at the 2010 census), an (MSA) which includes all of Oconee County and which is further included in the greater Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, South Carolina Combined Statistical Area (population 1,266,995 at the 2010 census). Seneca was named for the nearby Cherokee town of Isunigu, known to the English as ""Seneca Town"". Seneca was founded as Seneca City and named for a nearby Native American village and the"
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"Beaufort, South Carolina Beaufort ( , a different pronunciation from that used by the city with the same name in North Carolina) is a city in and the county seat of Beaufort County, South Carolina, United States. Chartered in 1711, it is the second-oldest city in South Carolina, behind Charleston. The city's population was 12,361 in the 2010 census. It is a primary city within the Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. Beaufort is located on Port Royal Island, in the heart of the Sea Islands and South Carolina Lowcountry. The city is renowned for its scenic location and"
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"York County, South Carolina York County is a county located in the north-central section of the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 226,073. Its county seat is York, South Carolina, and its largest city is Rock Hill. The county is served by one interstate highway, I-77, and a nearby airport, Charlotte/Douglas International Airport. York County is part of the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-Rock Hill SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. With a population of nearly 6,000 at the time of first European contact, the native inhabitants, the Catawba were primarily agriculturalists. Hernando de Soto passed through the"
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"South Carolina, 17 in North Carolina and eight in Virginia. South State Bank South State Bank, based in Columbia, is the largest bank based in South Carolina and a subsidiary of South State Corporation (). It has $14.5 billion in assets and 165 branches. First National Bank began in Orangeburg, South Carolina in 1933. In 2002, the bank changed its name to South Carolina Bank and Trust and moved its headquarters to Columbia, South Carolina. As of 2013, 240 people still worked in Orangeburg. SCBT added offices in the Greenville, South Carolina area as well. First National Corp. changed its"
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"census data below.) Whites became a majority in the state after that date, following the migration of tens of thousands of blacks to northern industrial cities in the Great Migration. In the 21st century, most of the African-American population in the state lives in the Lowcountry and the Midlands areas, historically areas of their greatest concentrations of population. 6.6% of South Carolina's total population were reported as under 5 years old, 25.2% under 18, and 12.1% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 51.4% of the population in 2000. Those who self-identify as having American ancestry are of mostly"
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"south, and it is slightly less vulnerable to tornadoes than the states which border on the Gulf of Mexico. Some notable tornadoes have struck South Carolina, and the state averages around 14 tornadoes annually. Hail is common with many of the thunderstorms in the state, as there is often a marked contrast in temperature of warmer ground conditions compared to the cold air aloft. The United States Census Bureau estimates the population of South Carolina was 5,024,369 on July 1, 2017, an 8.6 percentage increase since the 2010 census. As of the 2017 census estimate, the racial make up of"
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"are billed through BJWSA. South Carolina Electric & Gas Company (SCE&G) provides electricity and power services to the city. Charter, Hargray and CenturyLink provide telephone, digital, and cable television services to the city. Actors, authors and entertainers Athletes Politicians and leaders Others Beaufort, South Carolina Beaufort ( , a different pronunciation from that used by the city with the same name in North Carolina) is a city in and the county seat of Beaufort County, South Carolina, United States. Chartered in 1711, it is the second-oldest city in South Carolina, behind Charleston. The city's population was 12,361 in the 2010"
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"North Carolina has nine municipalities with populations of more than 100,000, with 16 municipalities with populations over 50,000 (U.S. Census Bureau 2010 figures): Officially, as drawn from verified US Census Department Statistics, the 15 largest cities in North Carolina are:<br> 1 Charlotte: ""Mecklenburg County"" - population 731,424<br> 2 Raleigh: ""Wake County"" - population 403,892<br> 3 Greensboro: ""Guilford County"" - population 269,666<br> 4 Durham: ""Durham County"" - population 256,330<br> 5 Winston-Salem: ""Forsyth County"" - population 233,123<br> 6 Fayetteville: ""Cumberland County"" - population 200,564<br> 7 Cary: ""Wake County"" - population 135,234<br> 8 Wilmington: ""New Hanover County"" - population 106,476<br> 9 High Point:"
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"25, WACH FOX 57, and WIS 10. The state's second largest newspaper, The State, is published here. Midlands of South Carolina The Midlands region of South Carolina is the middle area of the state. The region's main center is Columbia, the state's capital. The Midlands is so named because it is halfway point between the Upstate and the Lowcountry. The main area code is 803. The area has become a major business center in the state, for its growing production of paper products, textile, medical supplies and steel. It is also a center for farming and medical care. The area"
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"audience and robust infrastructure."" Charleston is also twinned with Speightstown, St. Peter, Barbados. Early English settlers here designed the original parts of Charlestown based on the plans of Barbados's capital city Bridgetown. Many indigo, tobacco, and cotton planters relocated their slaves and plantation operations from Speightstown to Charleston after the sugarcane industry came to dominate agricultural production in Barbados. Charleston, South Carolina Charleston is the oldest and second largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of"
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"Anderson, South Carolina Anderson is a city in and the county seat of Anderson County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 26,686 at the 2010 census, and the city was the center of an urbanized area of 75,702. It is one of the principal cities in the Greenville-Anderson--Mauldin Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a population of 824,112 at the 2010 census. It is further included in the larger Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, South Carolina Combined Statistical Area, with a total population of 1,266,995, at the 2010 census. Anderson is just off Interstate 85 and is from Atlanta and from Charlotte. Anderson is"
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How many pints in a quart?
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"Winchester quart bottles, although they contain slightly more than a traditional Winchester quart. The reputed quart was a measure equal to two thirds of an Imperial quart, or one sixth of a gallon, about 0.7577litres. It was previously recognized as a standard size of wine bottle in the United Kingdom, and is only slightly larger than the current standard wine bottle of 0.75L. Quart The quart (abbreviation qt.) is an English unit of volume equal to a quarter gallon. It is divided into two pints or four cups. Historically, the exact size of the quart has varied with the different"
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"quarter (qr. av. or quartier) came to mean ¼ of a hundredweight: 2 stone or 28 avoirdupois pounds (about 12.7 kg). In measures of dry volume, it was equivalent to the seam or 8 bushels of 8 grain gallons of 272 cubic inches. In measures of liquid volume at the time of the Magna Carta, the quarter of wine was (originally) ¼ tun: 8 London bushels or 64 wine gallons. The tun was subsequently defined down 4 gallons to 252 and the quarter was effectively ¼ pipe or butt. The quarter of wine was a gallon larger than a hogshead."
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"in two sizes, colloquially known as ""quarts"" and ""pints"". They were 22 and 12 imperial ounces (625 and 341 ml), respectively, which were much smaller than the British units. Some provinces banned the sale of beer in the larger bottle. For example, in Ontario in the 1950s only the smaller size could be sold, but in Quebec both sizes were about equally common. The numerous incompatibilities between traditional Canadian, British, French, and American unit systems was one of the driving forces behind metrication in Canada. Draft beer in Canada, when advertised as a ""pint"", is legally required to be 568"
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"and 12 imperial fluid ounces (625 and 341 mL), respectively, whereas a true imperial quart was 40 fluid ounces. Over the years, some provinces banned the sale of beer in the larger bottle. For example, in Ontario in the 1950s only the pint could be sold, but in Quebec both sizes were about equally common. In 1961, both sizes were replaced, nationwide, by the standardized bottle, equal in volume to the ""small"" and affectionately known as the ""stubby"". Some years later however, Ontario (like some other provinces) began to allow the sale of ""tall boy"" cans containing 740ml of beer."
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"and pinte were 238 mL, 476 mL, and 952 mL respectively, when defined against the cubic Paris inch. In North America, the three unit names became associated with American and British units of similar sizes, where the demiard was a half-pint, the chopine was a pint, and the pinte was a quart. In modern Canadian usage, the demiard is equal to 284 millilitres, or half a British Imperial pint. If defined as half of a US customary pint, it instead equals 237 milliliters. Demiard The demiard is a traditional unit of volume originating in pre-revolutionary France. After the revolution, when"
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"in the half-pint and nip sizes. Pints, defined as , and half-pints, or were the most common, but some brewers also bottled in nip (1/3-pint) and quart (2-pint) sizes. It was for example mostly barley wines that were bottled in nips, and Midlands breweries such as Shipstone of Nottingham that bottled in quarts. This standardisation simplified the automation of bottling and made it easier for customers to recycle bottles as they were interchangeable. They carried a deposit charge, which in the 1980s rose to seven pence for a pint and five pence for a half-pint. Some brewers however used individual"
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"Act (R.S. 1985), which has the laws in English and French printed side-by-side, defines a pint in English as 1/8 of a gallon, but defines a pinte in French as 1/4 of a gallon. Thus, if you speak English and order ""a pint of beer"", servers are legally required to serve you 568 ml of beer, but if you speak French and order """"une pinte de bière"""", they are legally required to serve an Imperial quart (""une pinte""), which is 1136 ml—twice as much. To order an Imperial pint when speaking French in Canada, one must instead order ""une chopine"
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"is still in limited use in parts of France, where ""une pinte"" means an imperial quart, which is 2 imperial pints, whereas a pint is ""une chopine""—and Central Europe, notably some areas of Germany and Switzerland, where ""ein Schoppen"" is colloquially used for roughly half a litre. In Spanish holiday resorts frequented by British tourists, 'pint' is often taken to mean a beer glass (especially a dimple mug). Half-pint and pint mugs may therefore be referred to as ""pinta pequeña"" ('small pint') and ""pinta grande"" ('large pint'). ""Pint"" comes from the Old French word ""pinte"" and perhaps ultimately from Vulgar"
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"ounces). With the allowed margin of error of 0.5 fluid ounces, a ""pint"" which is less than 554 ml of beer is an offence, though - to the detriment of consumers - this regulation is often violated and rarely enforced. In several provinces, draft beer can also be purchased by individuals in kegs. In Ontario, for example, The Beer Store offers 70 different brands in three keg sizes, 20 liters, 30 liters and 58.6 liters. Prior to 1961, Canadian beer was sold, and served, in two sizes, colloquially known as ""quarts"" and ""pints"", or ""large"" and ""small"". They were 22"
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"As 231 cubic inches were considered to make up a wine gallon, the measure was about 242¼ L. The ale gallon was 282 cubic inches, meaning the quarter of ale was about 295¾ L. Cardarelli also claims it can vary from 17–30 imperial gallons for liquor. Quarter (unit) The quarter ( ""one-fourth"") is used as the name of several distinct English units based on ¼ sizes of some base unit. The ""quarter of London"" mentioned by the Magna Carta as the national standard measure for wine, ale, and grain was ¼ ton or tun. It continued to be used, e.g.,"
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"Quarter (unit) The quarter ( ""one-fourth"") is used as the name of several distinct English units based on ¼ sizes of some base unit. The ""quarter of London"" mentioned by the Magna Carta as the national standard measure for wine, ale, and grain was ¼ ton or tun. It continued to be used, e.g., to regulate the prices of bread. This quarter was a unit of 8 bushels of 8 gallons each, understood at the time as a measure of both weight and volume: the grain gallon or half-peck was composed of 76,800 (Tower) grains weight; the ale gallon was"
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"1 quart). In the UK and Australia, cans are usually measured by net weight. A standard size tin can holds roughly 400 g; the weight can vary between 385 g and 425 g, depending on the density of the contents. The smaller half sized can holds roughly 200 g, and it can vary between 170 g and 225 g. Rimmed three-piece can construction involves several stages; Double seam rims are crucial to the joining of the wall to a top or bottom surface. An extremely tight fit between the pieces must be accomplished to prevent leakage; the process of accomplishing"
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"1 quarto = 12 gombette 1 mina = 8 quarti = 2.4804 gallons. 1 copello = 20 cucchiari 1 quartière = 4 copelli 1 mina = 2 quartière 1 stajo = 2 mine 1 sacco = 3 staje = 3.2635 bushels. 1 quartuccio = 2 bussoli 1 mezzetta = 2 quartucci 1 metadella = 2 mezzetta 1 quarto = 4 metadelle 1 mina = 2 quarti 1 stajo = 2 mine 1 sacco = 3 staja 1 moggio = 8 sacci 1 moggio = 16.5904 bushels. Several units were used in Italy to measure liquid capacity. These units varied from"
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"Pint The pint (, ; symbol pt, sometimes abbreviated as ""p"") is a unit of volume or capacity in both the imperial and United States customary measurement systems. In both of those systems it is traditionally one-eighth of a gallon. The British imperial pint is about 20% larger than the American pint because the two systems are defined differently. Almost all other countries have standardized on the metric system, so the size of what may be called a pint varies depending on local custom. The imperial pint (≈ 568 ml) is used in the United Kingdom and Ireland and to"
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"of beer, neither of which have a legal definition. A 375 ml bottle of liquor in the US and the Canadian maritime provinces is sometimes referred to as a ""pint"" and a 200 ml bottle is called a ""half-pint"", harking back to the days when liquor came in US pints, fifths, quarts, and half-gallons. Liquor in the US has been sold in metric-sized bottles since 1980 although beer is still sold in US traditional units. In France, a standard 250 ml measure of beer is known as ""un demi"" (""a half""), originally meaning a half pint. Pint The pint (,"
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"varies, but usually contains 425 ml. In Canada, the ""pint of beer"" served in pubs and bars has long been considered a colloquial term for ""a large glass of beer"". Legally speaking, after 1873, it was defined as one British imperial pint of 20 imperial ounces. On the other hand, the United States continued to use a smaller 16 imperial ounce pint, while in French Canada after 1873 a ""pinte de bière"" was defined as a much larger 40 ounce quart of beer, so confusion arose to which was being used. Prior to 1961, bottled beer in Canada was served"
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"root, it frequently means something entirely different. In Canadian French in particular, the quart is called """" whilst the pint is called """". Since gallons of various sizes have historically been in use, the corresponding quarts have also existed with various sizes. In the United States, all traditional length and volume measures have been legally standardized for commerce by the international yard and pound agreement of 1959 using the definition of 1 yard being exactly equal to 0.9144 meter. From this definition is derived the metric equivalencies for inches, feet, and miles; as well as area measures; and measures of"
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"quart (750 ml, 684 g), pint (375 ml, 342 g) and nip (180 ml, 164 g) in cases of 12, 24 and 48 bottles respectively. A common characteristic of many IMFLs, distinct from spirits elsewhere in the world, is that irrespective of the final product the starting ingredient is a neutral spirit distilled from molasses, a byproduct of the sugar industry. This neutral spirit at 96% alcohol by volume is first reduced to 42.8% using demineralized water, whereupon flavors and other spirits are added. Caramel is added at this stage to impart colour to the spirit. Most commonly, grain or"
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"Fifth (unit) A fifth is a unit of volume formerly used for wine and distilled beverages in the United States, equal to one fifth of a US liquid gallon, quart, or ; it has been superseded by the metric bottle size of 750 ml, sometimes called a metric fifth, which is the standard capacity of wine bottles worldwide and is approximately 1% smaller. In the late 19th century, liquor in the US was often sold in bottles which appeared to hold but in fact contained less than a quart and were called ""fifths"", or commercial quarts. One fifth of a"
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"less than one imperial quart or one US dry quart. A mnemonic for its volume relative to the imperial pint is ‘a litre of water is a pint and three quarters’. A litre is the volume of a cube with sides of 10 cm, which is slightly less than a cube of sides 4 inches (or one-third of a foot). One cubic foot would contain exactly 27 such cubes (four inches on each side), making one cubic foot approximately equal to 27 litres. One cubic foot has an exact volume of 28.316846592 litres, which is within 5% of the 27-litre"
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"16 ounce American traditional pint. Under the Canada Weights and Measures Act, if asked for a ""pint of beer"", businesses should serve customers 0.568 litres of beer with an accuracy of 0.5%, and if asked for a ""pinte de bière"" they should serve them 1.136 litres. The Imperial system of measurement is no longer taught in Canadian schools, which leads to confusion when customers ask how big a drinking establishment's pints are. Servers and even managers may not know. To avoid legal issues, many drinking establishments are moving away from using the term ""pint"" and are selling ""glasses"" or ""sleeves"""
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"outer diameter of Quoit. This is determined by placing an outside Quoit over Hub and measuring nearest Quoit. Exclusively a pub game, this variant is predominantly played in mid and south Wales and in England along its border with Wales. Matches are played by two teams (usually the host pub versus another pub) and typically consist of four games of singles, followed by three games of doubles. Players take it in turns to pitch four rubber rings across a distance of around 8½ feet onto a raised quoits board. The board consists of a central pin or spike and two"
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"beer manufacture's glass. After the reform in the alcohol taxes in July 2012 the tax rate doubled. Each liter of beer is charged with 4.2nis tax. In order to avoid raising prices at the pubs, and as a result, the loss of customers, a new ""magic"" appeared, called ""pint"". The customers don't really know the vague term of a pint, and it varies from place to place. Some of the places didn't even change the menu, and it's served as 500 ml. In the United States, a pint is 16 US fluid ounces (473 mL). However, the typical conical ""pint"""
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"standard rulings. Starting in 2006, the NSAI ""pint"" mark, a circle featuring two wavy lines, between which ""PINT"" is written, with a year mark (last two digits), and a three digit batch code either side; has begun to be phased out with a European standard ""PINT""/CE logo stamp . Smaller Pint glasses have been used in pubs and nightclubs though. In Israel, although officially defined as 568ml, pubs use the term rather arbitrarily and the ""pints"" served constitute a wide range of volumes (360ml–440ml). In the past, the custom was to serve beer in 330ml or 500ml in the original"
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"Quarto Quarto (abbreviated Qto, 4to or 4°) is a book or pamphlet produced from full ""blanksheets"", each of which is printed with eight pages of text, four to a side, then folded twice to produce four leaves (that is, eight book pages). Each printed page presents as one-fourth size of the full blanksheet. The earliest known European printed book is a quarto, the ""Sibyllenbuch"", believed to have been printed by Gutenberg in 1452–53, before the ""Gutenberg Bible"", surviving only as a fragment. Quarto is also used as a general description of size of books that are about 12 inches (30"
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"adopted a system based on the 231-cubic-inch wine gallon for all fluid purposes. This became the US fluid gallon. Both the imperial and US fluid gallon are divided into 4 quarts, 8 pints or 32 gills. However, whereas the US gill is divided into 4 US fluid ounces, the imperial gill is divided into 5 imperial fluid ounces. So whilst the imperial gallon, quart, pint and gill are about 20% larger than their US fluid measure counterparts, the fluid ounce is about 4% smaller. Note that one avoirdupois ounce of water has an approximate volume of one imperial fluid ounce"
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"(approximately 82 liters/144 imperial pints) and 22 imperial gallon (approximately 100 liters/172 imperial pints) kegs, however owing to their size they are not so popular as manual handling is seen by some to be difficult, and as a result they tend to be used only for large-scale events and bars with high throughput. For bars that sell an excessive volume of beer there is the 36 imperial gallon (150 liter/260 imperial pint) keg, however due to its very large size few people can move them making it an impractical choice. In the U.S. as of 2005, there are 21 states"
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"Latin ""pincta"" meaning ""painted"", for marks painted on the side of a container to show capacity. In the United States, the liquid pint is legally defined as one-eighth of a liquid gallon of precisely 231 cubic inches. In the United States, the dry pint is one-eighth of a dry gallon. The United States dry pint is equal to one-eighth of a United States dry gallon. It is used in the United States, but is not as common as the liquid pint. A now-obsolete unit of measurement in Scotland known as the ""Scottish pint"" or ""joug"" equals three imperial pints. It"
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"in height. Older can numbers are often expressed as single digits, their contents being calculated for room-temperature water as approximately eleven ounces (#1 ""picnic"" can), twenty ounces (#2), thirty-two ounces (#3) fifty-eight ounces (#5) and one-hundred-ten ounces (#10 ""coffee"" can). In parts of the world using the metric system, tins are made in 250, 500, 750 mL (millilitre) and 1 L (litre) sizes (250 mL is approximately 1 cup or 8 ounces). Cans imported from the USA often have odd sizes such as 3.8 L (1 US gallon), 1.9 L (1/2 US gallon), and 946 mL (2 US pints /"
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"Note that measurements in this section are in imperial units. Traditional British measures distinguish between weight and volume. American cooks using British recipes, and vice versa, need to be careful with pints and fluid ounces. A US pint is 473 mL, while a UK pint is 568 mL, about 20% larger. A US fluid ounce is of a US pint (29.6 mL); a UK fluid ounce is UK pint (28.4 mL). This makes an Imperial pint equivalent to 19.2 US fluid ounces. On a larger scale, perhaps for institutional cookery, an Imperial gallon is eight Imperial pints (160 imp fl"
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"pints) of malt liquor. Malt liquors are commonly sold in 40 fluid ounce bottles, among other sizes, as opposed to the standard twelve ounce (355 mL) bottle that contains a single serving of beer, although many malt liquors are offered in varying volumes. After the introduction of 40-ounce containers, which contain roughly the same amount of alcohol as five regular cocktails, ""40s"" became a favorite high of many youth in inner-city areas. When American suburban youth adopted the habit of drinking malt liquor, drug counselors began to refer to ""40s"" as ""liquid crack"" and ""date-rape brew"". Examples of malt liquors"
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"a limited extent in Commonwealth nations. In the United States, two pints are used: a liquid pint (≈ 473 ml) and a less-common dry pint (≈ 551 ml). Each of these pints is one-eighth of its respective gallon, but the gallons differ. This difference dates back to 1824, when the British Weights and Measures Act standardised various liquid measures throughout the British Empire, while the United States continued to use the earlier English measure. The imperial pint consists of 20 imperial fluid ounces and the US liquid pint is 16 US fluid ounces, making the imperial fluid ounce about 4%"
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"277.42 cubic inches (4.546 litres). Twenty imperial fluid ounces make an imperial pint, the imperial fluid ounce being 0.96 US fluid ounces. The US Customary system of units makes use of set of dry units of capacity that have a similar set of names to those of liquid capacity, though different volumes - the dry pint having a volume of 33.6 cubic inches (550 ml) against the US fluid pint's volume of 28.875 cubic inches (473 ml) and the imperial pint of 34.68 cubic inches (568 ml). The imperial system of measure does not have an equivalent to the US"
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According to Andy Warhol, in the future, how long will everyone be famous for?
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"minutes, showing that the original estimate for infection speed was roughly correct. Warhol worm A Warhol worm is an extremely rapidly propagating computer worm that spreads as fast as physically possible, infecting all vulnerable machines on the entire Internet in 15 minutes or less. The term is based on Andy Warhol's remark that ""In the future, everyone will have 15 minutes of fame"". The analysis was extended by Stuart Staniford to create the flash worm concept. More information on these concepts is in ""How to 0wn the Internet in your Spare Time"" by Staniford, Paxson, and Weaver (appeared in Usenix"
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"Warhol superstars Warhol superstars were a clique of New York City personalities promoted by the pop artist Andy Warhol during the 1960s and early 1970s. These personalities appeared in Warhol's artworks and accompanied him in his social life, epitomizing his famous dictum, ""In the future everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes"". Warhol would simply film them, and declare them ""superstars"". The first recognised superstar was Baby Jane Holzer, whom Warhol featured in many of his early film experiments. The superstars would help Warhol generate publicity while Warhol offered fame and attention in return. Warhol's philosophies of art and celebrity"
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"someday be abolished;"" hence, anybody, and therefore ""everybody,"" can be famous once that hierarchy dissipates, ""in the future,"" and by logical extension of that, ""in the future, everybody will be famous,"" and not merely those individuals worthy of fame. On the other hand, wide proliferation of the adapted idiom ""my fifteen minutes"" and its entrance into common parlance have led to a slightly different application, having to do with both the ephemerality of fame in the information age and, more recently, the democratization of media outlets brought about by the advent of the internet. In this formulation, Warhol's quote has"
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"The age of reality television has seen the comment wryly updated as: ""In the future, everyone will be obscure for 15 minutes."" The British artist Banksy has made a sculpture of a TV that has, written on its screen, ""In the future, everyone will be anonymous for 15 minutes,"" which was later used in the lyrics of Robbie Williams' song ""The Actor"" from his 2006 album ""Rudebox"". A more recent adaptation of Warhol's quip, possibly prompted by the rise of online social networking, blogging, and internet celebrity, is the claim that ""In the future, everyone will be famous to fifteen"
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"fame was almost over. In 2018, the band Shinedown came out with the song ""special"" which mentions not waiting on 15 minutes of fame. It is on their album Attention Attention. 15 minutes of fame 15 minutes of fame is short-lived media publicity or celebrity of an individual or phenomenon. The expression was inspired by Andy Warhol's words ""In the future, everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes"", which appeared in the program for a 1968 exhibition of his work at the Moderna Museet in Stockholm, Sweden. Photographer Nat Finkelstein claims credit for the expression, stating that he was photographing"
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"postings. The concept of web celebrity ties into Andy Warhol's quip about 15 minutes of fame. A more recent adaptation of Warhol's quip, possibly prompted by the rise of online social networking, blogging, and similar online phenomena, is the claim that ""In the future, everyone will be famous to fifteen people"" or, in some renditions, ""On the Web, everyone will be famous to fifteen people"". This quote, though attributed to David Weinberger, was said to have originated with the Scottish artist Momus. Social media personalities often function as lifestyle gurus who present a particular lifestyle or attitude to their spectators."
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"for about fifteen minutes, Andy."" The phenomenon is often used in reference to figures in the entertainment industry or other areas of popular culture, such as reality television and YouTube. An older version of the same concept in English is the expression ""nine days' wonder"", which dates at least as far back as the Elizabethan era. German art historian Benjamin H. D. Buchloh suggests that the core tenet of Warhol's aesthetic, being ""the systematic invalidation of the hierarchies of representational functions and techniques"" of art, corresponds directly to the belief that the ""hierarchy of subjects worthy to be represented will"
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"artist most famous for his pop-art images of Campbell soup cans and of Marilyn Monroe, commented on the explosion of media coverage by saying, ""In the future, everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes."" Today, when someone receives a great deal of media attention for something fairly trivial, and he or she is said to be experiencing his or her ""15 minutes of fame"", that is an allusion to Andy Warhol's famous remark. According to the Book of Genesis, God destroyed the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, but Lot, the nephew of Abraham, was given time to escape with his"
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"list of names, it is not until the chorus that the unifying thread of the list becomes clear. ""Andy Warhol got it right / Everybody gets the limelight"" ""Andy Warhol got it wrong / Fifteen minutes is too long."" Referencing Andy Warhol's famous statement that ""Everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes"", however TISM believe that fifteen minutes is far too long for some people to be famous, including TISM. A number of the names mentioned in this song have been mentioned by, or been involved with, TISM in some way. All tracks were remixed by David Thrussell and Pieter"
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"(1966–67). Born and raised in Pittsburgh, Warhol initially pursued a successful career as a commercial illustrator. After exhibiting his work in several galleries in the late 1950s, he began to receive recognition as an influential and controversial artist. His New York studio, The Factory, became a well-known gathering place that brought together distinguished intellectuals, drag queens, playwrights, Bohemian street people, Hollywood celebrities, and wealthy patrons. He promoted a collection of personalities known as Warhol superstars, and is credited with coining the widely used expression ""15 minutes of fame."" In the late 1960s, he managed and produced the experimental rock band"
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"Andy Warhol Andy Warhol (; born Andrew Warhola; August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987) was an American artist, director and producer who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. His works explore the relationship between artistic expression, celebrity culture, and advertising that flourished by the 1960s, and span a variety of media, including painting, silkscreening, photography, film, and sculpture. Some of his best known works include the silkscreen paintings ""Campbell's Soup Cans"" (1962) and ""Marilyn Diptych"" (1962), the experimental film ""Chelsea Girls"" (1966), and the multimedia events known as the ""Exploding Plastic Inevitable"""
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"Andy Warhol and his Polaroid camera was revealed at Union Square in New York City. Andy Warhol Andy Warhol (; born Andrew Warhola; August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987) was an American artist, director and producer who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. His works explore the relationship between artistic expression, celebrity culture, and advertising that flourished by the 1960s, and span a variety of media, including painting, silkscreening, photography, film, and sculpture. Some of his best known works include the silkscreen paintings ""Campbell's Soup Cans"" (1962) and ""Marilyn Diptych"" (1962), the"
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"endurance was important to Warhol, ""the idea is not to live forever, it is to create something that will"". He was successful in this mission by creating a legacy for himself as a pioneer of Pop Art as well as immortalising the subjects of his work. Warhol's most renowned muse was Marilyn Monroe, an enduring sex symbol and Westernised beauty. Monroe began as a model under her real name Norma. After being scouted whilst working at a military factory, her pale features and blonde hair gained wide recognition and she signed a seven-year contract with Twentieth Century Fox. She appeared"
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"U.S. artist. Artist Maurizio Cattelan describes that it is difficult to separate daily encounters from the art of Andy Warhol: ""That's probably the greatest thing about Warhol: the way he penetrated and summarized our world, to the point that distinguishing between him and our everyday life is basically impossible, and in any case useless."" Warhol was an inspiration towards Cattelan's magazine and photography compilations, such as ""Permanent Food, Charley"", and ""Toilet Paper"". In the period just before his death, Warhol was working on ""Cars"", a series of paintings for Mercedes-Benz. A self-portrait by Andy Warhol (1963–64), which sold in New"
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"played the simple, but effective lead guitar parts in the final chorus. The song was written and recorded in 12/8 time, using a swing beat in the verses. In keeping with the album's themes of narcissism and consumerism, the lyrics are an admonition against buying into idolisation and fame, and helping to perpetuate life in the public eye, including especially mass culture and show business. Further references are made to the obvious attractions and glamour of the world of fame, obsession, and drugs — and to the vacuity and absurdity of such a world. Echoing Andy Warhol's prediction that everyone"
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"15 Minutes (The Yeah You's song) ""15 Minutes"" is a pop song performed and written by British group The Yeah You's. It was penned by the band for their debut studio album ""Looking Through You"" (2009), and released as the debut single in June 2009. The song reached a peak position of number 36 on the UK Singles Chart. The video follows the band's rise to stardom, with Andy Warhol's words, ""In the Future, everyone will be famous for 15 minutes"", appearing at the start of the video. The band can be seen singing in a bedroom, then busking on"
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"manner clearly illustrating the idealization of mass production. Andy Warhol is probably the most famous figure in pop art. In fact, art critic Arthur Danto once called Warhol ""the nearest thing to a philosophical genius the history of art has produced"". Warhol attempted to take pop beyond an artistic style to a life style, and his work often displays a lack of human affectation that dispenses with the irony and parody of many of his peers. Claes Oldenburg, Jim Dine and Tom Wesselmann had their first shows in the Judson Gallery in 1959 and 1960 and later in 1960 through"
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"with drugs and false promises of fame. The Andy Warhol Story The Andy Warhol Story (1966) is an underground film directed by Andy Warhol with cinematography by Paul Morrissey, and starring Edie Sedgwick and Rene Ricard (as Andy Warhol). According to the Warhol Stars website, the film was made in November 1966, and is two reels long. Andy Warhol (Rene Ricard) invites a friend (Edie Sedgwick) over to his apartment one evening to discuss his career. As they talk, the truth about how Warhol uses and then throws people away comes out. The woman begins to come undone and reveals"
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"1999 book ""Disco Bloodbath"", and Dianne Brill, who was crowned ""Queen of the Night"" by Andy Warhol. Famous for being famous Famous for being famous is a pejorative term for someone who attains celebrity status for no particularly identifiable reason (as opposed to fame based on achievements, skill, or talent) and appears to generate their own fame, or someone who achieves fame through a family or relationship association with an existing celebrity. The term originates from an analysis of the media-dominated world called ""The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-events in America"" (1961), by historian and social theorist Daniel J. Boorstin."
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"the 1930s and became a very rich lady. She would later hang out in the Factory with Andy Warhol. SS 2014 'Andy' - Andy Warhol was an American pop artist, famous for a lot of things but mostly his silk prints. SS 2014 'Diana' - Diana Ross is an American singer. Pre-fall 14 'Sunny' - Sunny von Bülow, most famous today for having been in a coma for 28 years. She was an American heiress. Glenn Close played her in the film Reversal of Fortune. AW 2014 'Claus' - Claus von Bülow. Married to Sunny von Bülow. Born and bread"
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"became the subject of the largest single-artist art museum in the United States in 1994. Many Warhol art exhibits include footage of his cinematic directorial efforts (e.g., The Museum of Contemporary Art's ANDY WARHOL/SUPERNOVA: Stars, Deaths, Disasters, 1962–1964 that ran from March 18, 2006 – June 18, 2006). Some say his contributions as an artist pale in comparison to his contributions as a film-maker. Others make it clear that he was not the most conventionally skilled artist of his day. Nonetheless, his techniques were emulated by other highly respected artists and his works continue to command high prices. Campbell's Soup"
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"achieved some success today, Israeli Pop star Dana International and South Korean pop singer Harisu, there is as yet no major transsexual or transgender star in the film industry. My Face for the World to See My Face for the World to See (full title: ""My Face for the World to See: The Diaries, Letters, and Drawings of Candy Darling, Andy Warhol Superstar"") is the published diaries of Warhol Superstar Candy Darling. The book is made up of several edited diary entries written at different times and in different journals throughout Darling's short life. It ranges from entries from Darling's"
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"into a meme, ""On the web, everyone will be famous to fifteen people"". The quip parodies Andy Warhol's famous prediction that, ""In the future, everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes"". The Fotolog.Book with texts by Momus on photoblogging was published in April 2006 by British publishers Thames & Hudson. Momus has published several books. ""The Book of Jokes"" and ""The Book of Scotlands"" have received positive reviews in the LA Times and the Guardian. ""The Book of Scotlands"" (Sternberg Press) was shortlisted for the Scottish Arts Council's First Book prize. He published ""The Book of Japans"" in 2011, also"
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"Woody van Amen Wilhelmus Josephus (Woody) van Amen (Eindhoven August 26, 1936) is a Dutch sculptor, painter and collage artist. Van Amen studied at the Rotterdam Academy. His teachers included . From 1970 he taught at the same Academy. In 1959 he made the ""longest paintings in the world"", which were abstract paintings made on organ books. From 1961 he spent two years in the United States. He was introduced to the work of American artists such as Andy Warhol and Robert Rauschenberg, pioneers in the pop art movement. These artists used everyday consumer objects in their work. Van Amen"
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"successful and the demand for replicas increased. In order to fulfill the demand more and more artists took up residence and started to make a living, the estimate (2006) being in the thousands. Many of the artists are trained at art academies in the required techniques and produce dozens of replicas daily. The official policy states that these replicas are of paintings of artists who have died more than seventy years ago and consequently out of copyright. An obvious exception to this would be Andy Warhol (cited above) who died in 1987, and Dalí, who died in 1989. The only"
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"superstar status. Many of the superstars were celebrated in Lou Reed's song, Walk on the Wild Side Warhol significantly reduced his public accessibility after being shot by Valerie Solanas in 1968. The age of the Warhol superstar soon faded. ""Chelsea Girls"" (a film about life amongst the superstars at Hotel Chelsea) was the only film to achieve success beyond the confines of artistic New York. The later Warhol/Morrissey collaborations ""Flesh"", ""Trash"", ""Heat"" and ""Women in Revolt"", into which Warhol had little input, are more frequently seen. Warhol superstars Warhol superstars were a clique of New York City personalities promoted by"
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"opportunities for women were greater. To her, the World Wide Web was the start of a new beginning for women. She has been recognized numerous times for her work on ""Geekgirl"". From 1993-2015 (geekgirl.com.au) has been recognized as Australia's longest and continuously running online publication. Cross won the Intel Achievement Award for Excellence in 2002. Her work has been archived by a number of museums, including the National Museum of Australia and The Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Warhol told her that if Andy Warhol were alive, he would enjoy what she has done. Rosie Cross Rosie Cross"
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"creating what Andy Warhol once called '15 minutes of fame,' I think it's down to just three minutes and 30 seconds,"" he says. ""I don't know how this industry is ever going to have another Bob Dylan when it's all about the single, [not] the album and the vision and that inspiration. [It's] all for the sake of a 99-cent download so they can sell bulk and make their bonuses. It's heartbreaking."" Album tracklisting, release dates for United States and Canada, and radio release date for the first single were announced on July 14, 2005. First single, the title track"
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"series. Andy Warhol: A Documentary Film Andy Warhol: A Documentary Film is a four-hour 2006 documentary by Ric Burns about pop artist Andy Warhol. The film is Burns' cinematic argument that Warhol was the greatest artist of the second half of the 20th century. (Picasso is credited with having that honor in the first half of the 20th century.) Laurie Anderson narrates the movie. In one segment, Burns compares Warhol's portraits of such celebrities as Marilyn Monroe and Elizabeth Taylor with the icons of saints that Warhol saw in his boyhood Byzantine Catholic parish, where he spent many hours as"
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"conceived as independent works of art and not a way of choosing people to act in a production. Warhol made two longer films in 1965, ""Screen Test #1"" and ""Screen Test #2"", that more closely resemble traditional screen tests. Film critic Philip Dodd listed the ""Screen Tests"" among his favorite films in 2002 when he voted for the ""Sight and Sound"" poll. Many of the 472 surviving ""Screen Tests"" depict people who remain well known for their accomplishments or for their association with Warhol's circle. Following is a selection of people who appeared in ""Screen Tests"" who are also the"
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"the art world consider Warhol's work completed after his 1968 shooting—which occurred the day before the Bobby Kennedy assassination—to be less significant than that done before it. The best-remembered Warhol Campbell's Soup can works are from the first phase. Warhol is further regarded for his iconic serial celebrity silkscreens of such people as Elvis Presley, Marilyn Monroe and Liz Taylor, produced during his 1962–1964 silkscreening phase. His most commonly repeated painting subjects are Taylor, Monroe, Presley, Jackie Kennedy and similar celebrities. In addition to being a notable fine artist, Warhol was a renowned cinematographer, author, and commercial illustrator. Posthumously, he"
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"thong underwear became popular. Today, the thong is one of the fastest-selling styles of underwear among women, and is also worn by men. While health and practicality had previously been emphasized, in the 1970s retailers of men's underpants began focusing on fashion and sex appeal. Designers such as Calvin Klein began featuring near-naked models in their advertisements for white briefs. The increased wealth of the gay community helped to promote a diversity of undergarment choices. In his book ""The Philosophy of Andy Warhol"" (1975), Andy Warhol wrote: Warhol liked his Jockey briefs so much that he used a pair as"
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"The Andy Warhol Story The Andy Warhol Story (1966) is an underground film directed by Andy Warhol with cinematography by Paul Morrissey, and starring Edie Sedgwick and Rene Ricard (as Andy Warhol). According to the Warhol Stars website, the film was made in November 1966, and is two reels long. Andy Warhol (Rene Ricard) invites a friend (Edie Sedgwick) over to his apartment one evening to discuss his career. As they talk, the truth about how Warhol uses and then throws people away comes out. The woman begins to come undone and reveals to Warhol how he ruined her life"
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What is a seismometer used to measure?
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"measuring from these types of media can be done by hand. After the digital processing has been used, the archives of the seismic data were recorded in magnetic tapes. Due to the deterioration of older magnetic tape medias, large number of waveforms from the archives are not recoverable. Seismometer A seismometer is an instrument that measures ground motions, such as caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and explosions. Records of seismic waves (seismograms) allow seismologists to locate and measure the size of events like these, and to map the Earth's internal structure. A simple seismometer, sensitive to up-down motions of the"
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"Seismicity Seismicity is a measure which encompasses earthquake occurrences, mechanisms, and magnitude at a given geographical location. As such it summarizes a region's seismic activity. The term was coined by Beno Gutenberg and Charles Francis Richter in 1941. Seismicity is studied by geophysicists. Seismicity is quantitatively computed. Generally the region under study is divided in equally sized areas defined by latitude and longitude and the interior of the Earth is divided into various depth intervals on account of Earth's layering: Up to 50 km depth, 50–300 km, and > 300 km. The usual formula to calculate seismicity is: formula_1 where"
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"Seismicity Seismicity is a measure which encompasses earthquake occurrences, mechanisms, and magnitude at a given geographical location. As such it summarizes a region's seismic activity. The term was coined by Beno Gutenberg and Charles Francis Richter in 1941. Seismicity is studied by geophysicists. Seismicity is quantitatively computed. Generally the region under study is divided in equally sized areas defined by latitude and longitude and the interior of the Earth is divided into various depth intervals on account of Earth's layering: Up to 50 km depth, 50–300 km, and > 300 km. The usual formula to calculate seismicity is: formula_1 where"
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"Seismogram A seismogram is a graph output by a seismograph. It is a record of the ground motion at a measuring station as a function of time. Seismograms typically record motions in three cartesian axes (x, y, and z), with the z axis perpendicular to the Earth's surface and the x- and y- axes parallel to the surface. The energy measured in a seismogram may result from an earthquake or from some other source, such as an explosion. Seismograms can record lots of things, and record many little waves, called microseisms. These tiny microseisms can be caused by heavy traffic"
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"Seismic moment Seismic moment is a quantity used by seismologists to measure the size of an earthquake. The scalar seismic moment formula_1 is defined by the equation formula_2, where formula_1 thus has dimensions of torque, measured in newton meters. The connection between seismic moment and a torque is natural in the representation of seismic sources as a pair of force couples. Seismic moment is not a measure of energy. The relations between seismic moment, potential energy drop and radiated energy are indirect and approximative. The seismic moment of an earthquake is typically estimated using whatever information is available to constrain"
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"and horizontal motions can be computed from the outputs of the three sensors. Seismometers unavoidably introduce some distortion into the signals they measure, but professionally designed systems have carefully characterized frequency transforms. Modern sensitivities come in three broad ranges: geophones, 50 to 750 V/m; local geologic seismographs, about 1,500 V/m; and teleseismographs, used for world survey, about 20,000 V/m. Instruments come in three main varieties: short period, long period and broadband. The short and long period measure velocity and are very sensitive, however they 'clip' the signal or go off-scale for ground motion that is strong enough to be felt"
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"frame and a pen is attached to the weight, thus recording any ground motion in a seismogram. Any movement of the ground moves the frame. The mass tends not to move because of its inertia, and by measuring the movement between the frame and the mass, the motion of the ground can be determined. Early seismometers used optical levers or mechanical linkages to amplify the small motions involved, recording on soot-covered paper or photographic paper. Modern instruments use electronics. In some systems, the mass is held nearly motionless relative to the frame by an electronic negative feedback loop. The motion"
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"an earthquake, using the time it takes for seismic waves to propagate away from the hypocenter, the initiating point of fault rupture (See also Earthquake location). Interconnected seismometers are also used, as part of the International Monitoring System to detect underground nuclear test explosions, as well as for Earthquake early warning systems. These seismometers are often used as part of a large scale governmental or scientific project, but some organizations such as the Quake-Catcher Network, can use residential size detectors built into computers to detect earthquakes as well. In reflection seismology, an array of seismometers image sub-surface features. The data"
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"determined to within a kilometer or two, for small earthquakes. For this, computer programs use an iterative process, involving a 'guess and correction' algorithm. As well, a very good model of the local crustal velocity structure is required: seismic velocities vary with the local geology. For P-waves, the relation between velocity and bulk density of the medium has been quantified in Gardner's relation. Earthquake location The primary purpose of a seismometer is to locate the initiating points of earthquake epicenters. The secondary purpose, of determining the 'size' or Moment magnitude scale must be calculated after the precise location is known."
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"collection and measurement of seismic waves or vibrations in the earth surface."" In the context of verification, seismic intelligence makes use of the science of seismology to locate and characterize nuclear testing, especially underground testing. Seismic sensors also can characterize large conventional explosions that are used in testing the high-explosive components of nuclear weapons. In 1960, George Kistiakowsky introduced the ""threshold principle"" that balances the needs of arms control with the realities of seismic verification. He cited the difficulty in monitoring missile submarines, and proposed that the arms control strategy focus on disarmament rather than inspections into verification, which accepts"
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"of the mass relative to the frame is measured, and the feedback loop applies a magnetic or electrostatic force to keep the mass nearly motionless. The voltage needed to produce this force is the output of the seismometer, which is recorded digitally. In other systems the weight is allowed to move, and its motion produces an electrical charge in a coil attached to the mass which voltage moves through the magnetic field of a magnet attached to the frame. This design is often used in a geophone, which is used in exploration for oil and gas. Seismic observatories usually have"
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"seismic waves, they will usually be the first ones that the seismograph records. The next set of seismic waves on the seismogram will be the S-waves. These are usually bigger than the P waves, and have higher frequency. Look for a dramatic change in frequency for a different type of wave. Seismogram A seismogram is a graph output by a seismograph. It is a record of the ground motion at a measuring station as a function of time. Seismograms typically record motions in three cartesian axes (x, y, and z), with the z axis perpendicular to the Earth's surface and"
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"Earthquake location The primary purpose of a seismometer is to locate the initiating points of earthquake epicenters. The secondary purpose, of determining the 'size' or Moment magnitude scale must be calculated after the precise location is known. The earliest seismographs were designed to give a sense of the direction of the first motions from an earthquake. The Chinese frog seismograph would have dropped its ball in the general compass direction of the earthquake, assuming a strong positive pulse. We now know that first motions can be in almost any direction depending on the type of initiating rupture (focal mechanism). The"
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"is always surveyed for ground noise with a temporary installation before pouring the pier and laying conduit. Originally, European seismographs were placed in a particular area after a destructive earthquake. Today, they are spread to provide appropriate coverage (in the case of weak-motion seismology) or concentrated in high-risk regions (strong-motion seismology). The word derives from the Greek σεισμός, ""seismós"", a shaking or quake, from the verb σείω, ""seíō"", to shake; and μέτρον, ""métron"", to measure, and was coined by David Milne-Home in 1841, to describe an instrument designed by Scottish physicist James David Forbes. ""Seismograph"" is another Greek term from"
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"seismic moment tensor formula_8 (a symmetric tensor, but not necessarily a double couple tensor), the seismic moment is Seismic moment Seismic moment is a quantity used by seismologists to measure the size of an earthquake. The scalar seismic moment formula_1 is defined by the equation formula_2, where formula_1 thus has dimensions of torque, measured in newton meters. The connection between seismic moment and a torque is natural in the representation of seismic sources as a pair of force couples. Seismic moment is not a measure of energy. The relations between seismic moment, potential energy drop and radiated energy are indirect"
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"Seismic tomography Seismic tomography is a technique for imaging the subsurface of the Earth with seismic waves produced by earthquakes or explosions. P-, S-, and surface waves can be used for tomographic models of different resolutions based on seismic wavelength, wave source distance, and the seismograph array coverage. The data received at seismometers are used to solve an inverse problem, wherein the locations of reflection and refraction of the wave paths are determined. This solution can be used to create 3D images of velocity anomalies which may be interpreted as structural, thermal, or compositional variations. Geoscientists use these images to"
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"Tiltmeter A tiltmeter is a sensitive inclinometer designed to measure very small changes from the vertical level, either on the ground or in structures. Tiltmeters are used extensively for monitoring volcanoes, the response of dams to filling, the small movements of potential landslides, the orientation and volume of hydraulic fractures, and the response of structures to various influences such as loading and foundation settlement. Tiltmeters may be purely mechanical or incorporate vibrating-wire or electrolytic sensors for electronic measurement. A sensitive instrument can detect changes of as little as one arc second. Tiltmeters have a long history, somewhat parallel to the"
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"Strainmeter A strainmeter is an instrument used by geophysicists to measure the deformation of the Earth. Linear strainmeters measure the changes in the distance between two points, using either a solid piece of material (over a short distance) or a laser interferometer (over a long distance, up to several hundred meters). The type using a solid length standard was invented by Benioff in 1932, using an iron pipe; later instruments used rods made of fused quartz. Modern instruments of this type can make measurements of length changes over very small distances, and are commonly placed in boreholes to measure small"
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"of such strength, these tools have only been getting stronger in recent years. The modern broadband seismograph can record a very broad range of frequencies. It consists of a small ""proof mass"", confined by electrical forces, driven by sophisticated electronics. As the earth moves, the electronics attempt to hold the mass steady through a feedback circuit. The amount of force necessary to achieve this is then recorded. In most designs the electronics holds a mass motionless relative to the frame. This device is called a ""force balance accelerometer"". It measures acceleration instead of velocity of ground movement. Basically, the distance"
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"near the seismograph, waves hitting a beach, the wind, and any number of other ordinary things that cause some shaking of the seismograph. Historically, seismograms were recorded on paper attached to rotating drums. Some used pens on ordinary paper, while others used light beams to expose photosensitive paper. Today, practically all seismograms are recorded digitally to make analysis by computer easier. Some drum seismometers are still found, especially when used for public display. Seismograms are essential for finding the location and magnitude of earthquakes. Prior to the availability of digital processing of seismic data in the late 1970s, the records"
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"indirectly and incompletely reflect the force of an earthquake, involve other factors, and are generally limited in some respect of magnitude, focal depth, or distance. The ""moment magnitude scale"" – Mw or M – developed by and , is based on an earthquake's ""seismic moment"", M, a measure of how much work an earthquake does in sliding one patch of rock past another patch of rock. Seismic moment is measured in Newton-meters (Nm or Nm) in the SI system of measurement, or dyne-centimeters (dyn-cm) in the older CGS system. In the simplest case the moment can be calculated knowing only"
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"Isoseismal map In seismology, an isoseismal map is used to show lines of equal felt seismic intensity, generally measured on the Modified Mercalli scale. Such maps help to identify earthquake epicenters, particularly where no instrumental records exist, such as for historical earthquakes. They also contain important information on ground conditions at particular locations, the underlying geology, radiation pattern of the seismic waves and the response of different types of buildings. They form an important part of the macroseismic approach, i.e. that part of seismology dealing with non-instrumental data. The shape and size of the isoseismal regions can be used to"
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"""seismós"" and γράφω, ""gráphō"", to draw. It is often used to mean ""seismometer"", though it is more applicable to the older instruments in which the measuring and recording of ground motion were combined, than to modern systems, in which these functions are separated. Both types provide a continuous record of ground motion; this record distinguishes them from seismoscopes, which merely indicate that motion has occurred, perhaps with some simple measure of how large it was. The technical discipline concerning such devices is called seismometry, a branch of seismology. The concept of measuring the ""shaking"" of something means that the word"
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"seismometers or those simulated by computers using various techniques, which are then often used to develop ground motion prediction equations (or ground-motion models). Seismological instruments can generate large amounts of data. Systems for processing such data include: Seismology Seismology (; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (""seismós"") meaning ""earthquake"" and -λογία (""-logía"") meaning ""study of"") is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or through other planet-like bodies. The field also includes studies of earthquake environmental effects such as tsunamis as well as diverse seismic sources such as volcanic, tectonic, oceanic, atmospheric, and artificial processes"
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"measuring the size of an earthquake with other earthquake magnitudes. Moment tensors are used in a wide range of seismological research fields, such as earthquake statistics, earthquake scaling relationships, and stress inversion. The creation of regional moment tensor solutions, with the appropriate software, for moderate-to-large earthquakes in the U.S. will be from USArray transportable array and Advance National Seismic System broadband seismic stations. Results are obtained in the time and the frequency domain. Waveform fit and amplitude-phase match figures are provided to allow users to evaluate moment tensor quality. Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment and techniques provide a unique opportunity"
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"was localized to Central America by analyzing ejecta in the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, and then physically proven to exist using seismic maps from oil exploration. Seismometers are sensors that detect and record the motion of the Earth arising from elastic waves. Seismometers may be deployed at the Earth's surface, in shallow vaults, in boreholes, or underwater. A complete instrument package that records seismic signals is called a seismograph. Networks of seismographs continuously record ground motions around the world to facilitate the monitoring and analysis of global earthquakes and other sources of seismic activity. Rapid location of earthquakes makes tsunami warnings possible"
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"the effect of the atmosphere's pressure on the earth, changes in the rate of rotation of the earth, oscillations of the earth's core, distant and nearby seismic events, and more. Many broadband, three axis, seismometers in common use are sensitive enough to track the sun and moon. When operated to report acceleration, they are useful gravimeters. Because they have three axes, it is possible to solve for their position and orientation, by either tracking the arrival time and pattern of seismic waves from earthquakes, or by referencing them to the sun and moon tidal gravity. Recently, the SGs, and broadband"
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"and produces huge amounts of data. Large motions are much rarer, so instruments need to record data less frequently, to save memory space and battery power for longer deployments. Because of this variability, engineers have designed two basic kinds of seismometers: They record high-frequency motions (up to hundreds of times per second). They can record small, short-period earthquakes and are also useful for studying the outer tens of kilometers of the seafloor. Technical details for two models: WHOI D2 and Scripps L-CHEAPO. They record a much broader range of motions, with frequencies of about 10 per second to once or"
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"Gravimeter A gravimeter is an instrument used to measure gravitational acceleration. Every mass has an associated gravitational potential. The gradient of this potential is an acceleration. A gravimeter measures this gravitational acceleration. The first gravimeters were vertical accelerometers, specialized for measuring the constant downward acceleration of gravity on the earth's surface. The earth's vertical gravity varies from place to place over the surface of the Earth by about +/- 0.5%. It varies by about +/- 1000 nm/s^2 (""nanometers per second squared"") at any location because of the changing positions of the sun and moon relative to the earth. The change"
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"classified until the 1990s. Today they become part of the IMS as primary or auxiliary stations. Seismic arrays are not only used to monitor earthquakes and nuclear tests, but also used as a tool for investigating nature and source regions of microseisms as well as locating and tracking volcanic tremor and analyzing complex seismic wave-field properties in volcanic areas. Seismic arrays can be classified by size, which is defined by the array's aperture given by the largest distance between the single seismometers. The sensors in a seismic array are arranged in different geometry patterns horizontally. The arrays built in the"
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"""seismograph"" might be used in a more general sense. For example, a monitoring station that tracks changes in electromagnetic noise affecting amateur radio waves presents an ""rf seismograph"". And Helioseismology studies the ""quakes"" on the Sun. The first seismometer was made in China during the 2nd Century. The first Western description of the device comes from the French physicist and priest Jean de Hautefeuille in 1703. The modern seismometer was developed in the 19th century. In AD 132, Zhang Heng of China's Han dynasty invented the first seismoscope (by the definition above), which was called ""Houfeng Didong Yi"" (translated as,"
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"been made to accelerometers after a large earthquake, only to find that the memory was filled with extraneous noise, or the instrument was malfunctioning. Accelerometers are used to monitor the response of structures to earthquakes. Analysis of these records along with the shaking recorded at base of the structure can improve building design, through earthquake engineering. Accelerograph An accelerograph can be referred to as a strong-motion instrument or seismograph, or simply an earthquake accelerometer. They are usually constructed as a self-contained box, which previously included a paper or film recorder (an analogue instrument) but now they often record directly on"
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"Accelerograph An accelerograph can be referred to as a strong-motion instrument or seismograph, or simply an earthquake accelerometer. They are usually constructed as a self-contained box, which previously included a paper or film recorder (an analogue instrument) but now they often record directly on digital media and then the data is transmitted via the Internet. Accelerographs are useful for when the earthquake ground motion is so strong that it causes the more sensitive seismometers to go off-scale. There is an entire science of strong ground motion, that is dedicated to studying the shaking in the vicinity of earthquakes (roughly within"
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Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo. In which country is Waterloo?
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"Waterloo, Belgium Waterloo (, , ) is a Walloon municipality in the province of Walloon Brabant, Belgium, which in 2011 had a population of 29,706 and an area of . It is north of Braine-l'Alleud, which is the site of the Battle of Waterloo, where the resurgent Napoleon was defeated for the final time in 1815. Waterloo is a Francophone town. The placename has Brabantian Dutch origins. The first element is most likely ""water"", but it should be understood locally as ""wet"". The second element is ""lo(o)"", an ancient word for ""forest"" or ""clearing in a forest"", coming either from"
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"of the Battle of Waterloo, with Jim and Jack walk from a half-mile away as the battle ensues before joining the battle at the very end. The ending of the book describes the French being defeated by the Duke of Wellington and Gebhard von Blucher. The Battle of Waterloo took place on 18 June 1815 near Waterloo, which is now in Belgium. After a long reign as the French emperor, in which he conquered many regions, Napoleon Bonaparte was banished, and ultimately returned in 1815. Those who opposed him formed the Seventh Coalition and ultimately defeated Napoleon. Napoleon was a"
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"the North crossed the frontier into the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, in modern-day Belgium. Napoleon's forces fought the Coalition armies, commanded by the Duke of Wellington and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, at the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815. Wellington's army withstood repeated attacks by the French and drove them from the field while the Prussians arrived in force and broke through Napoleon's right flank. Napoleon returned to Paris and found that both the legislature and the people had turned against him. Realizing his position was untenable, he abdicated on 22 June in favour of his son. He"
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"Waterloo Chamber The Waterloo Chamber, dating from 1830–31, is a large room in Windsor Castle dedicated to the military defeat of the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte by British, Prussian, Russian and Austrian forces under the command of the Duke of Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo. Designed by the architect Jeffry Wyatville to replace the Queen's Drawing Room, Queen's Ballroom, Queen's Audience Chamber, Queen's Presence Chamber, Queen's Guard Chamber, King's Presence Chamber, King's Audience Room, King's Drawing Chamber and King's Dining Chamber which were all in Hugh May's 17th-century structure, the Waterloo Chamber along with the Grand Reception Room, White"
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"Prussian forces. After Napoleon's defeat and exile in 1814, the Southern Netherlands were occupied jointly by the Austrians, Prussians and Dutch. In an attempt to strengthen their position in Belgium, the Austrians began to recruit a Belgian Legion of infantry, cavalry and artillery, which was merged with the Dutch army. The Hundred Days' Campaign, launched by Napoleon after his escape from exile, was largely fought in Belgium in early 1815, and Napoleon's final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo occurred just miles from Brussels. After Napoleon's total defeat in 1815, the Congress of Vienna merged the French territory in Belgium"
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"Waterloo (video game) Waterloo is a battle strategy game by PSS for MS-DOS, Atari ST and Amiga. It was released in the U.K. by Mirrorsoft in and in the U.S. by SSI in . The player takes the role of either Wellington or Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo. The battle may be played with the historical orders or custom orders. It is a turn-based strategy game. The 100-page manual provides historical and military background to the battle as well as gameplay information. A fold-out map of the battlefield and initial dispositions of units is also provided. The game was"
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"as Napoleon was being driven back in the east by the Prussians, Austrians, and Russians, Wellington invaded southern France. After Napoleon's surrender and exile to the island of Elba, peace appeared to have returned, but when he escaped back into France in 1815, the British and their allies had to fight him again. The armies of Wellington and Von Blucher defeated Napoleon once and for all at the Battle of Waterloo. Britain mobilized a vast civilian support network to support its soldiers. Historian Jenny Uglow (2015) explores a multitude of connections between the Army and its support network, as summarized"
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"for example, Chesney's ""Waterloo Lectures"" (1868). See also Timeline of the Napoleonic era Maps: Waterloo Campaign The Waterloo Campaign (15 June – 8 July 1815) was fought between the French Army of the North and two Seventh Coalition armies, an Anglo-allied army and a Prussian army. Initially the French army was commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte, but he left for Paris after the French defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. Command then rested on Marshals Soult and Grouchy, who were in turn replaced by Marshal Davout, who took command at the request of the French Provisional Government. The Anglo-allied army was"
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"March 13, seven days before Napoleon reached Paris, the powers at the Congress of Vienna ; four days later the United Kingdom, Russia, Austria and Prussia, members of the Seventh Coalition, bound themselves to put 150,000 men each into the field to end his rule. This set the stage for the last conflict in the Napoleonic Wars, the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo, the restoration of the French monarchy for the second time and the permanent exile of Napoleon to the distant island of Saint Helena, where he died in May 1821. Spain in the 1810s was"
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"Following the final defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in June 1815, an army of 300,000 soldiers from England, Austria, Russia and Germany occupied Paris, and remained until December 1815. They camped wherever there was open space; the Prussians settled on the Champs-de-Mars, around the Invalides, the Luxembourg Garden, and around the Carrousel of the Tuileries Palace. The British troops camped along the Champs-Elysées, while the Dutch troops and soldiers from Hannover settled in the Bois de Boulogne. The Russians moved into the barracks of the French Army around the city. The City of Paris was required to"
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"After escaping and briefly threatening to restore the French Empire, Napoleon was defeated by combined British, Prussian and Dutch forces at Battle of Waterloo in June 1815. With strong British support, the Bourbon monarchy was restored and Louis XVIII was crowned King of France. The Napoleonic era was the last occasion on which Britain and France went to war with each other, but by no means marked the end of the rivalry between the two nations. Viscount Castlereagh shaped British foreign policy as foreign minister 1812-1822; he led the moves against Napoleon 1812 and 1815. Once the Bourbon allies were"
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"the Continent. The Duke of Wellington and his army of British and Portuguese gradually pushed the French out of Spain and in early 1814, as Napoleon was being driven back in the east by the Prussians, Austrians, and Russians, Wellington invaded southern France. After Napoleon's surrender and exile to the island of Elba, peace appeared to have returned, but when he escaped back into France in 1815, the British and their allies had to fight him again. The armies of Wellington and Von Blucher defeated Napoleon once and for all at Waterloo. A key element in British success was its"
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"Waterloo Campaign The Waterloo Campaign (15 June – 8 July 1815) was fought between the French Army of the North and two Seventh Coalition armies, an Anglo-allied army and a Prussian army. Initially the French army was commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte, but he left for Paris after the French defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. Command then rested on Marshals Soult and Grouchy, who were in turn replaced by Marshal Davout, who took command at the request of the French Provisional Government. The Anglo-allied army was commanded by the Duke of Wellington and the Prussian army by Prince Blücher. The"
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"at Waterloo. Simultaneous with the Napoleonic Wars, trade disputes and British impressment of American sailors led to the War of 1812 with the United States. A central event in American history, it was little noticed in Britain, where all attention was focused on the struggle with France. The British could devote few resources to the conflict until the fall of Napoleon in 1814. American frigates also inflicted a series of embarrassing defeats on the British navy, which was short on manpower due to the conflict in Europe. A stepped-up war effort that year brought about some successes such as the"
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"been lost. Panorama of the Battle of Waterloo The Panorama of the Battle of Waterloo () is a rotunda in Belgium that houses a monumental panoramic painting depicting the Battle of Waterloo. The neoclassical building is located immediately to the north of the Lion's Mound on the battlefield of the Battle of Waterloo in the municipality of Braine-l'Alleud in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant. The rotunda was designed by the architect in 1911. It has an external diameter of and stands high, with a conical roof. The white painted brick walls of the rotunda are decorated with recessed blind"
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"friendly revolution in French-speaking Brussels. The Waterloo Campaign (15 June – 8 July 1815) was fought between the French Army of the North and two Seventh Coalition armies: an Anglo-Allied army and a Prussian army. Initially the French army was commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte, but he left for Paris after the French defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. Command then rested on Marshals Soult and Grouchy, who were in turn replaced by Marshal Davout, who took command at the request of the French Provisional Government. The Anglo-Allied army was commanded by the Duke of Wellington and the Prussian army by"
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"his last reserves, the French Imperial Guard, to a desperate final attack, which was narrowly beaten back. With the Prussians breaking through on the French right flank, Wellington's Anglo-allied army counter-attacked in the centre, and the French army was routed. Waterloo was the decisive engagement of the Waterloo Campaign and Napoleon's last. According to Wellington, the battle was ""the nearest-run thing you ever saw in your life"". Napoleon abdicated four days later, and on 7 July coalition forces entered Paris. The defeat at Waterloo ended Napoleon's rule as Emperor of the French, and marked the end of his Hundred Days"
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"through Russia to Moscow. Napoleon’s army is defeated, and he visits Désirée, asking her to write a letter to Bernadotte, requesting his help. Désirée realizes that Napoleon still loves her and came more for her than to seek her husband’s help. Soon after, Bernadotte leads one of the armies that overwhelms Napoleon, and the triumphant general reunites with Désirée before returning to Sweden. Napoleon’s exile to Elba is short-lived, however, and after the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon retreats with his personal army to the Château de Malmaison. Representatives of the allied armies ask Désirée to speak with Napoleon, hoping that"
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"Panorama of the Battle of Waterloo The Panorama of the Battle of Waterloo () is a rotunda in Belgium that houses a monumental panoramic painting depicting the Battle of Waterloo. The neoclassical building is located immediately to the north of the Lion's Mound on the battlefield of the Battle of Waterloo in the municipality of Braine-l'Alleud in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant. The rotunda was designed by the architect in 1911. It has an external diameter of and stands high, with a conical roof. The white painted brick walls of the rotunda are decorated with recessed blind arches separated"
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"served at the Battle of Ligny and the Battle of Wavre during the Waterloo Campaign in 1815. An army led personally by Napoleon defeated the Prussians at Ligny (south of Mont-Saint-Jean and the village of Waterloo) on 16 June 1815, but Napoleon's failure to destroy the Prussian forces led to his defeat a few days later at the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815), when the Prussian forces unexpectedly arrived on his right flank late in the afternoon to support the Anglo-Dutch-Belgian forces pressing his front. Clausewitz's unit fought at Wavre (18–19 June 1815), preventing large reinforcements from reaching Napoleon"
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"Waterloo Campaign: Waterloo to Paris (25 June – 1 July) After their defeat at the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815, the French Army of the North, under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte retreated in disarray back towards France. As agreed by the two Seventh Coalition commanders in chief, the Duke of Wellington, commander of the Anglo-allied army, and Prince Blücher, commander of the Prussian army, the French were to be closely pursued by units of the Prussian army. During the , although the remnants of the main French army were joined by the undefeated right wing of the"
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"efforts were less successful. In the Peninsular War, France unsuccessfully attempted to establish Joseph Bonaparte as King of Spain. In 1812, the French invasion of Russia had massive French casualties, and was a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars. In 1814, after defeat in the War of the Sixth Coalition, Napoleon abdicated and was exiled to Elba. Later that year, he escaped exile and began the Hundred Days before finally being defeated at the Battle of Waterloo and exiled to Saint Helena, an island in the South Atlantic Ocean. After Napoleon's defeat, the Congress of Vienna was held to determine"
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"countries, defeated Napoleon in 1814. In the subsequent Congress of Vienna, it was decided that the Electorate of Hanover, a state that had shared a monarch with Britain since 1714, would be raised to a kingdom, known as the Kingdom of Hanover. Napoleon returned from exile in 1815, but was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo by Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, brother of Marquess Wellesley. During this period George took an active interest in matters of style and taste, and his associates such as the dandy Beau Brummell and the architect John Nash created the Regency style. In"
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"North America, but in turn debts from that conflict sowed the economic seeds of France's own revolution shortly thereafter. The French military rivalry continued with British opposition of the French Revolution and the ensuing wars with first the new French Republic and then the Empire of Napoleon. His defeat in 1814 was followed by his abdication and exile, but he escaped the following year to begin the Hundred Days. These came to a close with his military disaster at the Battle of Waterloo, facing an Allied force commanded by the Duke of Wellington. The end of the Napoleonic Wars effectively"
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"Waterloo Campaign: Peace negotiations After the defeat of the French Army of the North at the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815) and the subsequent abdication of Napoleon as Emperor of the French, the French Provisional Government repeatedly sent peace emissaries to British commander, the Duke of Wellington, who commanded the Anglo-allied army marching on Paris and others to Prince Blücher who commanded the Prussian army, which was also marching on Paris. The position of the Provisional Government was that now that Napoleon had abdicated (June 22) and two days later that his son was not recognised by the Provisional"
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"Waterloo Campaign: Waterloo to Paris (18–24 June) After their defeat at the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815, the French Army of the North, under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte retreated in disarray back towards France. As agreed by the two Seventh Coalition commanders in chief, the Duke of Wellington, commander of the Anglo-allied army, and Prince Blücher, commander of the Prussian army, the French were to be closely pursued by units of the Prussian army. During the following week, although the remnants of the main French army were joined by the undefeated right wing of the Army of"
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"large-scale war with Britain once again, and at the same time Napoleon sought to conquer the entire world. He lost his last battle at the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815, ending his efforts to rule Europe and the world of France. France in the industrial age of the late 19th century tried to rebuild its own global empire but the most glorious period that France had under Napoleon I had never been able to regain. Rather, it is the second-largest power behind Britain, a close ally, like the case of a close British ally next to the United"
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"Hougoumont Château d'Hougoumont (originally Goumont) is a large farmhouse situated at the bottom of an escarpment near the Nivelles road in Braine-l'Alleud, near Waterloo, Belgium. The escarpment is where British and other allied forces faced Napoleon's Army at the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815. Hougoumont, which had become dilapidated, was fully restored in time for the 200th anniversary of the battle and opened to the public on 18 June 2015. The name is from Germanic ""Hauha-berg"". The whole of Brabant was once Dutch speaking. ""Hauha-"" means ""high"", and ""berg"" means ""mountain"" (as in iceberg). The name of the"
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"Waterloo Campaign: Waterloo to Paris (2–7 July) After their defeat at the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815, the French Army of the North, under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte retreated in disarray back towards France. As agreed by the two Seventh Coalition commanders in chief, the Duke of Wellington, commander of the Anglo-allied army, and Prince Blücher, commander of the Prussian army, the French were to be closely pursued by units of the Prussian army. During the , although the remnants of the main French army were joined by the undefeated right wing of the Army of the"
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"small town of Waterloo. On 17 June there was torrential rain, which severely hampered movement and had a considerable effect the next day, 18 June, when the Battle of Waterloo was fought. This was the first time Wellington had encountered Napoleon; he commanded an Anglo-Dutch-German army that consisted of approximately 73,000 troops, 26,000 of whom were British, approximately 30 percent of that 26,000 were Irish. The Battle of Waterloo commenced with a diversionary attack on Hougoumont by a division of French soldiers. After a barrage of 80 cannons the first French infantry attack was launched by Comte D'Erlon's I Corps."
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"by the Prussians, Austrians, and Russians, Wellington invaded southern France. After Napoleon's surrender and exile to the island of Elba, peace appeared to have returned. Napoleon suddenly reappeared in 1815. The Allies united and the armies of Wellington and Blucher defeated Napoleon once and for all at Waterloo. To defeat France, Britain put heavy pressure on the Americans, seizing merchant ships suspected of trading with France, and impressing sailors born in Britain, regardless of their claimed American citizenship. British government agents armed Indian tribes in Canada that were raiding American settlements on the frontier. The Americans felt humiliated and demanded"
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"Waterloo, New York (town) Waterloo is a town in Seneca County, New York, United States. The population was 7,642 at the 2010 census. The town, as well as its major community, are named after Waterloo, Belgium. There is also a village called Waterloo, the primary county seat of Seneca County. The Town of Waterloo is situated on the west border of the county, east of Geneva, New York. The area was the domain of the Seneca tribe and Cayuga tribe, who were visited in the 17th Century by Jesuit missionaries. The Sullivan Expedition passed through the area in 1779 to"
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"annihilated with point-blank artillery fire. After the battle, Wellington wanders among the piles of dead, lamenting the cost of victory. At the same time Napoleon, who had declared that he would die with his men, is dragged by his marshals from the field and later departs in a carriage for Paris. Columbia Pictures published a 28-page, full-colour pictorial guide when it released ""Waterloo"" in 1970. According to the guidebook, Italian producer Dino De Laurentiis had difficulty finding financial backers for the massive undertaking until he finally began talks with the Soviets in the late 1960s and reached agreement with the"
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On Sept 14, 1901, the youngest president is sworn in following the assassination of William McKinley. Who is it?
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"near the President during the presidential visit earlier, Czolgosz shot McKinley twice as the President reached to shake his hand in the reception line at the temple. One bullet grazed McKinley; the other entered his abdomen and was never found. McKinley initially appeared to be recovering, but took a turn for the worse on September 13 as his wounds became gangrenous, and died early the next morning; Vice President Theodore Roosevelt succeeded him. After McKinley's assassination, for which Czolgosz was sentenced to death in the electric chair, Congress passed legislation to officially charge the Secret Service with the responsibility for"
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"election. Roosevelt campaigned vigorously, and the McKinley-Roosevelt ticket won a landslide victory based on a platform of peace, prosperity, and conservation. After taking office as Vice President in March 1901, he became President at age 42 following McKinley's assassination that September, and remains the youngest person to become President of the United States. As a leader of the Progressive movement, he championed his ""Square Deal"" domestic policies, promising the average citizen fairness, breaking of trusts, regulation of railroads, and pure food and drugs. Making conservation a top priority, he established many new national parks, forests, and monuments intended to preserve"
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"years.”. With the assassination of President McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, 42, became the youngest President in the Nation's history. He brought new excitement and power to the Presidency, as he vigorously led Congress and the American public toward progressive reforms and a strong foreign policy. He crusaded endlessly on matters big and small, exciting audiences with his high-pitched voice, jutting jaw, and pounding fist. ""The life of strenuous endeavor"" was a must for those around him, Leaving the Presidency in 1909, Roosevelt went on an African safari, then jumped back into politics. In 1912, while campaigning he was shot in the"
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"commemorative postage on a regular basis. Harrison appears on four regular issues and on two commemorative issues. William McKinley Jr. (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States, and the last veteran of the American Civil War to be elected to the office of the President. He was the last American president to serve in the 19th century and was the first President to serve in the 20th century. He spent much of his adult life in politics and was a six-term congressman, and was also the governor of Ohio before defeating William"
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"1904 Alton Parker presidential campaign After U.S. President William McKinley was assassinated in 1901, Theodore Roosevelt became the new U.S. President. Roosevelt's first term was notable for his trust busting, his successful arbitration in and resolution of a 1902 strike of 150,000 Pennsylvania coal miners, his advocacy against lynching, his conservation efforts, and the Panama Canal Treaty. In 1904, Roosevelt easily defeated Bourbon Democrat Alton Parker and won a second term as U.S. President. After his two defeats in 1896 and 1900, former Congressman William Jennings Bryan rejected the idea of a third consecutive run for the White House. Meanwhile,"
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"he is often ranked by historians among the top-five greatest U.S. Presidents of all time. Roosevelt had served as Governor of New York from 1899 to 1900 before winning election as Vice President in the 1900 election. He became president following the assassination of William McKinley, who was shot by anarchist Leon Czolgosz in Buffalo, New York on September 6, 1901, and died on September 14. Roosevelt was sworn into office on the day of McKinley's death at the Ansley Wilcox House in Buffalo. John R. Hazel, U.S. District Judge for the Western District of New York, administered the oath"
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"10, 1901 by Theodore Roosevelt, then Vice President of the United States. The vice president had hiked to the summit of nearby Mount Marcy earlier, while there, learned that President William McKinley, having been shot four days earlier by anarchist Leon Czolgosz in Buffalo, was near death. Roosevelt took an overnight wagon ride to North Creek. From the train station there, he traveled to Buffalo, where, after McKinley died, he was sworn in as president on September 14. The routing of NY 28N was originally designated, but not signed, as part of legislative Route 25 in 1908. In 1924, the"
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"youngest major party presidential nominee in U.S. history. Subsequently, Bryan was also nominated for president by the left-wing Populist Party, and many Populists would eventually follow Bryan into the Democratic Party. In the intensely fought 1896 presidential election, Republican nominee William McKinley emerged triumphant. Bryan gained fame as an orator as he invented the national stumping tour when he reached an audience of 5 million people in 27 states in 1896. Bryan retained control of the Democratic Party and won the presidential nomination again in 1900. In the aftermath of the Spanish–American War, Bryan became a fierce opponent of American"
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"as he began his second term, but it would be cut short. In September 1901, while attending an exposition in Buffalo, New York, McKinley was shot by an anarchist. He was the third President to be assassinated, all since the Civil War. Vice President Theodore Roosevelt assumed the presidency. Political corruption was a central issue, which reformers hoped to solve through civil service reforms at the national, state, and local level, replacing political hacks with professional . The 1883 Civil Service Reform Act (or Pendleton Act), which placed most federal employees on the merit system and marked the end of"
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"in 1901, when President McKinley was assassinated. McKinley was greeting visitors in the Temple of Music at the Pan-American Exposition on September 6, 1901, in Buffalo, New York, when he was shot twice at close range by lone assassin Leon Czolgosz. As McKinley collapsed, he was caught and supported by his aides, among them Cortelyou. As he was held in their arms, he whispered, ""My wife... be careful, Cortelyou, how you tell her. Oh, be careful."" After succeeding as President, Theodore Roosevelt tasked Cortelyou with transforming the White House into a more professional organization. Cortelyou developed procedures and rules that"
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"Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site preserves the Ansley Wilcox House, at 641 Delaware Avenue in Buffalo, New York. Here, after the assassination of William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt took the oath of office as President of the United States on September 14, 1901. A New York historical marker outside the house indicates that it was the site of Theodore Roosevelt's Inauguration. The oldest part of the National Historic Site includes the lone surviving structure from the Buffalo Barracks compound. Due to tensions between the U.S. and Anglo-Canada, a military post was constructed to ensure"
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"revolt against Speaker Cannon in 1910, led by George Norris, strengthened the seniority system and made long-serving Congressmen more independent of party. Committee chairmen remained particularly strong in both houses until the reforms of the 1970s. In 1901, President William McKinley was assassinated and his Vice-President, Theodore Roosevelt, succeeded him. As President, Roosevelt changed the Republicans image to be more progressive than pro-business. During his Presidency, which lasted between the years 1901 and 1909, Roosevelt became arguably the strongest leader of the entire Progressive Era. However, Roosevelt's successor, William Howard Taft, did not continue Roosevelt's progressive policies, and this resulted"
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"President McKinley was assassinated by Leon Czolgosz in September 1901, and was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt. In the years after McKinley's death, several memorials were built to him, including a large structure housing his remains at Canton. Another memorial was built at his birthplace in Niles under the auspices of the National McKinley Birthplace Memorial Association (the Association). Designed by the firm of McKim, Mead, and White, the Greek Classic memorial was built of Georgia marble and was dedicated in 1917. Housing a museum, library, and auditorium, as well as a statue of McKinley and busts of his"
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"voting. On March 4, 1869, Grant was sworn in as the eighteenth President of the United States by Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase. At age forty-six, he was the youngest president yet elected. In his inaugural address, Grant urged the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment and said he would approach Reconstruction ""calmly, without prejudice, hate or sectional pride."" He also recommended the ""proper treatment"" of Native Americans be studied, advocating their civilization and eventual citizenship. Newspaper editorials praised Grant's speech: ""The New York Times"" favorably compared it to Lincoln's second inaugural address and praised his cabinet selections. Others, however, were"
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"far."" On September 6 1901, President McKinley was attending the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York when he was shot by Leon Czolgosz. Roosevelt was vacationing in Vermont, and traveled to Buffalo to visit McKinley in the hospital. It appeared that McKinley would recover, so Roosevelt resumed his vacation in the Adirondacks. When McKinley's condition worsened, Roosevelt again traveled to Buffalo. McKinley died on September 14, and Roosevelt was informed while he was in North Creek; he continued on to Buffalo and was sworn in as the nation's 26th president at the Ansley Wilcox House. Roosevelt's accession to the presidency"
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"so, as the 1880 election approached, he sought nomination for a (non-consecutive) third term at the 1880 Republican National Convention, but narrowly lost to James Garfield, who would go on to win the 1880 election. Theodore Roosevelt succeeded to the presidency on September 14, 1901, following William McKinley's assassination ( days into his second term), and was subsequently elected to a full term in 1904. While he declined to seek a third (second full) term in 1908, Roosevelt did seek one four years later, in the election of 1912, where he lost to Woodrow Wilson. Wilson himself, despite his ill"
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"William McKinley William McKinley (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1897, until his assassination six months into his second term. McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish–American War, raised protective tariffs to promote American industry and kept the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of free silver (effectively, expansionary monetary policy). McKinley was the last president to have served in the American Civil War and the only one to have started the war as an enlisted soldier, beginning as a private in the"
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"Assassination of William McKinley On September 6, 1901, William McKinley, the 25th President of the United States, was shot on the grounds of the Pan-American Exposition at the Temple of Music in Buffalo, New York. He was shaking hands with the public when Leon Czolgosz, an anarchist, shot him twice in the abdomen. McKinley died eight days later on September 14 of gangrene caused by the gunshot wounds. He was the third American president to have been assassinated, following Abraham Lincoln in 1865 and James A. Garfield in 1881. McKinley had been elected for a second term in 1900. He"
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"not be seen again in Washington ... [After McKinley's death,] old men came to the [White House] on errands of state and politics, but their primacy was disputed by the young men crowding forward. The nation felt another leadership, nervous, aggressive, and strong. Under command of a bold young captain, America set sail on the stormy voyage of the twentieth century. Books Other sources Assassination of William McKinley On September 6, 1901, William McKinley, the 25th President of the United States, was shot on the grounds of the Pan-American Exposition at the Temple of Music in Buffalo, New York. He"
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"him at the station and immediately told him he must stay on as Secretary. According to Zeitz, ""Roosevelt's accidental ascendance to the presidency made John Hay an essential anachronism ... the wise elder statesman and senior member of the cabinet, he was indispensable to TR, who even today remains the youngest president ever"". The deaths of his son and of McKinley were not the only griefs Hay suffered in 1901—on September 26, John Nicolay died after a long illness, as did Hay's close friend Clarence King on Christmas Eve. Hay's involvement in the efforts to have a canal joining the"
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"in 1896 while holding all the states he had won. Although the majority was not large by later standards, according to historian Lewis L. Gould in his study of the McKinley presidency, ""in light of the election results since the Civil War, however, it was an impressive mandate."" McKinley traveled much during his presidency, and in September 1901, journeyed to the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. On September 6, 1901, while receiving the public in the Temple of Music on the Exposition grounds, McKinley was shot by an anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. Hanna, along with many of the President's close"
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"in his place. President William McKinley's original vice president had died in office, leaving a place on the ticket to fill before the 1900 election. At the 1900 Republican National Convention, Platt and President McKinley's political ally Mark Hanna proposed to get Roosevelt out of Platt's way in New York by nominating him for vice president. Roosevelt was chosen by acclamation, played a major part in McKinley winning re-election, and became president in September 1901 after McKinley was assassinated in office. Platt's control over the Republican Party in New York State effectively ended in 1902. Benjamin Barker Odell Jr., Roosevelt's"
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"formal political career as an elected member of the first Republican Constituent Assembly in 1890. His political career advanced rapidly as a protégé of Campos Sales, who became President in 1898. In 1903 he was successively elected Senator and then President (Governor) of the state of Rio de Janeiro, remaining in the latter position until 1906, when he was elected vice-president under President Afonso Pena. Pena died in 1909 while still in office and Peçanha assumed the presidency promising a government of ""Paz e Amor"" (Peace and Love). He was 41 years old, the youngest Brazilian president up until then."
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"protecting the President. In September 1901, William McKinley was at the height of his power as president. Elected in 1896, during the serious economic depression resulting from the Panic of 1893, he had defeated his Democratic rival, William Jennings Bryan. McKinley led the nation both to a return to prosperity and to victory in the Spanish–American War in 1898, taking possession of such Spanish colonies as Puerto Rico and the Philippines. Re-elected handily in a rematch against Bryan in 1900, according to historical writer Eric Rauchway, ""it looked as if the McKinley Administration would continue peaceably unbroken for another four"
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"just south of latitude −74°. Theodore Roosevelt McElroy McElroy was born September 15, 1901 (baptism 1903) in Somerville, Massachusetts. Vice President Theodore Roosevelt became president of the United States upon the death of President William McKinley, September 14. McElroy was born the next day and in admiration of this ""cowboy president"" his parents named him ""Theodore Roosevelt."" He went by the name Teddy, Ted, T.R., or Mac as he disliked his birth name. He was the third of six children from a family with an Irish background. McElroy began his career at Western Union as messenger when he was 14"
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"Presidency of William McKinley The presidency of William McKinley began on March 4, 1897, when William McKinley was inaugurated and ended with his death on September 14, 1901. He is best known for leading the nation to victory in the Spanish–American War, taking ownership of Hawaii, purchasing the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico, restoring prosperity, and promoting pluralism among all groups. It includes the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition, and the Gold Standard Act of 1900 that rejected free silver inflationary proposals. Rapid economic growth and a decline in labor conflict also marked"
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"impose racial segregation at official events, and treated the Filipinos as social equals. Nellie Taft recalled that ""neither politics nor race should influence our hospitality in any way"". McKinley was assassinated in September 1901, and was succeeded by Theodore Roosevelt. Taft and Roosevelt had first become friends around 1890 while Taft was Solicitor General and Roosevelt a member of the Civil Service Commission. Taft had, after McKinley's election, urged the appointment of Roosevelt as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, and watched as Roosevelt became a war hero, Governor of New York, and Vice President of the United States. They met"
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"Emilio Aguinaldo Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (: March 22, 1869 – February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, politician, and military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest President of the Philippines (1899–1901) and first president of a constitutional republic in Asia. He led Philippine forces first against Spain in the latter part of the Philippine Revolution (1896–1898), and then in the Spanish–American War (1898), and finally against the United States during the Philippine–American War (1899–1901). He was captured in Palanan, Isabela by American forces on March 23, 1901, which brought an end to his presidency."
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"for filling an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency.) First inauguration of William McKinley The first inauguration of William McKinley as the 25th President of the United States took place on Thursday, March 4, 1897. The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of William McKinley as President and the only term of Garret Hobart as Vice President. Chief Justice Melville W. Fuller administered the presidential oath of office. This was the first inauguration to be recorded on film. Hobart died into this term, and the office remained vacant for the balance of it. (Prior to ratification of"
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"at the hands of President Theodore Roosevelt (who succeeded William McKinley after his assassination) in 1904 gave William Jennings Bryan, the 1896 and 1900 Democratic presidential nominee, an opening to reassert his leadership in the Democratic Party. Bryan also was helped by newspaper tycoon and 1904 contender William Randolph Hearst's loss in the 1905 New York mayoral election, which hurt Hearst's chances to get the 1908 Democratic presidential nomination. Bryan therefore was the front-runner. Bryan's most formidable challenger was Minnesota Governor John Albert Johnson. Johnson's rags-to-riches story, honesty, reformist credentials, and ability to win in a heavily Republican U.S. state"
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"until McKinley was assassinated in September 1901, and Knox continued to serve under President Theodore Roosevelt until 1904, when he resigned to accept appointment to the Senate. Knox won re-election to the Senate in 1905 and unsuccessfully sought the 1908 Republican presidential nomination. In 1909, President William Howard Taft appointed Knox to the position of United States Secretary of State. From that post, Knox reorganized the State Department and pursued dollar diplomacy, which focused on encouraging and protecting U.S. investments abroad. Knox returned to private practice in 1913 after Taft lost re-election. He won election to the Senate in 1916"
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"William Henry Harrison William Henry Harrison Sr. (February 9, 1773 – April 4, 1841) was an American military officer, politician, and the ninth President of the United States. He died of pneumonia thirty-one days into his term, thereby serving the shortest tenure in United States presidential history. Because he was the first president to die in office, his death sparked a constitutional crisis and questions and debates about the presidential line of succession. Harrison was a son of Benjamin Harrison V, one of the Founding Fathers and the paternal grandfather of Benjamin Harrison, the 23rd President of the United States"
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"First inauguration of William McKinley The first inauguration of William McKinley as the 25th President of the United States took place on Thursday, March 4, 1897. The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of William McKinley as President and the only term of Garret Hobart as Vice President. Chief Justice Melville W. Fuller administered the presidential oath of office. This was the first inauguration to be recorded on film. Hobart died into this term, and the office remained vacant for the balance of it. (Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment in 1967, no constitutional provision existed"
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What online jewelry store, based here in Seattle, is the largest online dealer of diamonds?
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"Blue Nile (company) Blue Nile is an online jewelry retailer founded in 1999. It is based in Seattle, Washington and competes with online retailers such as James Allen, Belgium Diamonds, and Ringsberry.com. The company that became Blue Nile began in 1995 when Doug Williams of Williams & Son Inc. of Seattle started a website to sell diamonds online. Mark C. Vadon, then a management consultant at Bain & Company, purchased a diamond engagement ring from the site in 1998. In 1999, Vadon raised $6 million to purchase 85% of the company and improve the website. The company's name was changed"
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"trust and confidence with a free in-store preview. Ritani has an inventory of over 60,000 diamonds ranging in price from $184 to $1.7 million. Ritani Ritani is a fine jewelry company specializing in engagement rings and bridal jewelry. The company is based in New York. Initially a wholesale jewelry brand, Ritani launched its e-commerce website in October 2012. Customers are able to design a custom engagement ring online, then have the ring shipped to a nearby jewelry store to preview in person. The combination of online and in-person shopping puts Ritani in competition with online jewelry retailers such as Blue"
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"Top 500 Guide for the third year in a row, solidifying its reputation as a top precious metals resource. APMEX also integrated BitPay into its website in order to accept Bitcoin as a payment method. APMEX APMEX, Inc., based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, is the world's largest online retailer of precious metals, with over $10 billion in transactions since its founding in 1999. The company offers more than 20,000 Gold, Silver, Platinum and Palladium coins, bars, bullion rounds, collectibles and other numismatics products from various mints around the world. APMEX offers gold, silver, platinum and palladium, including coins, bars, jewelry,"
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"APMEX APMEX, Inc., based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, is the world's largest online retailer of precious metals, with over $10 billion in transactions since its founding in 1999. The company offers more than 20,000 Gold, Silver, Platinum and Palladium coins, bars, bullion rounds, collectibles and other numismatics products from various mints around the world. APMEX offers gold, silver, platinum and palladium, including coins, bars, jewelry, IRA eligible products, collectible coins, and commemorative items. The company buys and sells bars and rounds, U.S. Mint bullion products, Royal Canadian Mint products, Krugerrands of South Africa and other bullion coins from around the"
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"as their supplier of fancy color diamond jewelry. In 2014, Leibish & Co. rebranded their company and changed the website to www.leibish.com. In that same year, the company partnered with Chinese ecommerce platform Kela to launch a website in Chinese. Leibish & Co. offers a large privately owned collections of natural fancy color diamonds online. The company also manufactures and sells their in-house designed color diamond jewelry and gemstone jewelry. Leibish & Co.’s business model is divided between the traditional diamond trade and their core business operations through the Leibish website. Through the website, users can utilize the Design Your"
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"Signet Jewelers Signet Jewelers Ltd. (Ratner Group 1949–1993 then Signet Group plc to September 2008) is the world's largest retailer of diamond jewellery. The company is domiciled in Bermuda and headquartered in Akron, Ohio, and is listed on the New York Stock Exchange. As of 14 March 2016 the company has been delisted from the London Stock Exchange, following reports that less than 1% of their annual trading volume was conducted via the platform. The group operates in the middle market jewellery segment and has number one positions in the US, Canada and UK speciality jewellery markets. Certain brands (Jared"
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"The online purchasing system allows customers from around the world to submit information about their diamond, watch or jewelry online and receive a price quote. Customers then send their items in or schedule an appointment to receive a final price offer. A month after the creation of WP Diamonds' online purchasing system, they expanded into the United Kingdom opening their first offices in Birmingham. At this time WP Diamonds also operated from offices in Barcelona, Spain and in 2013 WP Diamonds expanded their operations into Canada, where they began purchasing GIA certified and international laboratory certified diamonds from Canadian citizens."
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"Shane Company Shane Company or Shane Co. is the largest privately owned jeweler in the United States. The company is a direct diamond, ruby, and sapphire importer that operates 20 retail stores across the United States and their website ShaneCo.com. The company was founded in 1971, and is based in Greenwood Village, Colorado. The company promotes their retail locations and website through radio commercials that prominently feature the company’s CEO Tom Shane and the tagline ""Now you have a friend in the diamond business."" Tom Shane graduated from the University of Colorado in 1970 with a degree in business administration."
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"tanzanite and to manufacture jewelry. They have the ability to purchase large amounts of rough and have wholesale and retail distribution networks in place to facilliatate the sale of loose tanzanite and finished jewelry In August 2013 TanzaniteOne announced they had opened an online boutique - dubbed www.tananiteoneonline which sold tanzanite gemstones and tanzanite set gold jewellery. This is the first time the mining company has offered its gemstones to retail customers. In 2015 the website was renamed as richlandgemstones.com after Richland Resources sold TanzaniteOne. Tanzanite One TanzaniteOne (TanzaniteOne Mining Ltd) is a gemstone mining company which exclusively mines the"
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"jewelry shopping in the city. It is one of the largest diamond and jewelry districts in the United States, along with Jewelers' Row, Philadelphia and Los Angeles's Jewelry District, and it is the second oldest surviving jewelry district in the United States after Jewelers' Row in Philadelphia. Total receipts for the value of a single day's trade on the block average $400 million. An estimated 90% of diamonds in the United States enter through New York. There are 2,600 independent businesses located in the district, nearly all of them dealing in diamonds or jewelry. Most are located in booths at"
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"the development of the Capricorn Sapphire mine as a new hub for ethically mined sapphire. The majority of Richlands sapphire are sold in bulk as rough, unpolished stones through a De Beers-style sightholder system. Richlands operate an online retail store, RichlandGemstones.com which provides consumers with Australian sapphires and tanzanite gemstones and jewelry. Richlands tanzanite is sourced directly from their former mine, TanzaniteOne. The sapphires – which are typically ""fancy sapphires"" the name given to green, yellow and multi colored sapphires – are mined by the company at Capricorn Sapphire Mine. The online store was previously named tanzaniteoneonline.com and was launched"
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"Ben Bridge Jeweler Ben Bridge Jeweler is an American jewelry retailer that sells engagement rings, diamonds and watches, including Rolex, among other products. It was established in Seattle, Washington in 1912 and currently operates over 80 stores in the United States. In 1912, a watchmaker named Samuel Silverman opened his first store in downtown Seattle. Silverman's son-in-law Ben Bridge joined the firm as a partner in 1922; Ben later purchased Sam's firm and renamed it Ben Bridge Jeweler. Since then, the company has expanded to over 70 retail stores in 11 different states, primarily in the western United States. In"
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"Rocks TV, which is shown on DirecTV and Dish TV; Gemporia.com, an ecommerce website which hosts live auction rooms and an online television show ""The Lounge""; Jewellery Maker, a television channel and associated e-commerce website for jewellery making hobbyists; NOWSEEN.com, a fashion focused website aimed at a younger audience; and Gem Collector.com, an e-commerce website which sells loose gemstones. Steve Bennett (jewelry entrepreneur) Steve Bennett is a British gemstone expert and serial entrepreneur. He is known for his online shopping businesses. Bennett grew up in Birmingham, where he learned to sail and play the saxophone and guitar. He also studied"
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"and diamond jewelry. The company’s business model consists of opening large format, stand alone stores at high street locations. Its stores stock a wide range of jewellery across all price points, with an increasing focus on diamond jewelry. The company sells only hall marked jewellery and certified diamond jewellery. PC Jeweller has a vision of expanding its presence in the retail segment. It has accordingly been opening showrooms at regular intervals and today has 94 stores spread over 74 cities. The company has a business model which is de-risked from gold price volatility. This is achieved by procuring a major"
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"May 2000, Ben Bridge Jeweler was acquired by Berkshire Hathaway. Today, the company continues to be family-operated and is currently managed by Ben's grandsons. Ben Bridge Jeweler Ben Bridge Jeweler is an American jewelry retailer that sells engagement rings, diamonds and watches, including Rolex, among other products. It was established in Seattle, Washington in 1912 and currently operates over 80 stores in the United States. In 1912, a watchmaker named Samuel Silverman opened his first store in downtown Seattle. Silverman's son-in-law Ben Bridge joined the firm as a partner in 1922; Ben later purchased Sam's firm and renamed it Ben"
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"Green Lake Jewelry Works Green Lake Jewelry Works is a Seattle jewelry designer, manufacturer, and retailer. Selling mostly custom made jewelry, the company is known for a customer experience of personalized contact with traditional artisans that is profitably scaled up to a relatively large business operation, made possible by its use of computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), in combination with effective use of e-commerce technology. They maintain a relatively small physical inventory that is augmented by a ""virtual inventory"" of renderings of their offerings. The company's sales volume grew quickly from about $2 million per year in the years 2003–2005"
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"companies to launch an online portal. At the time, the website was called www.fancydiamonds.net. Their goal was to utilize the Internet as a marketing, customer service, and sales tool in order to reach a wider spectrum of international customers. In 2005, Leibish split with Herskovitz and took the company under his wing, together with his children forming the company as it is today. In September 2011, Leibish introduced a jewelry insurance to protect the purchase of its customers. In April 2013, Leibish & Co. partnered with El Corte Inglés, the biggest department store group in Europe and ranked fourth worldwide"
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"and retailer of the 2010 Shanghai Expo. In 2014, Kimberlite Diamond founds China's first youth diamond fashion brand - KELLAN diamonds, and opens its first flagship store in Shanghai on September 19. As of 2016, the distribution network and branches in mainland China, Hong Kong, Canada and Belgium amount up to nearly 600 franchise stores, covering 30 provinces and cities in China and the brand is China's largest diamond retailer. In May, 2018, Kimberlite Diamond unveiled its new Shanghai flagship at the iconic landmark heritage Bund No.3. On July, 06 2018, Kimberlite Diamond launched its first boutique in Vancouver, Canada"
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"gaining importance in the jewelry industry, which still primarily using traditional techniques of craftsmanship. Green Lake Jewelry Works Green Lake Jewelry Works is a Seattle jewelry designer, manufacturer, and retailer. Selling mostly custom made jewelry, the company is known for a customer experience of personalized contact with traditional artisans that is profitably scaled up to a relatively large business operation, made possible by its use of computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), in combination with effective use of e-commerce technology. They maintain a relatively small physical inventory that is augmented by a ""virtual inventory"" of renderings of their offerings. The company's"
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"signs, and special signed white leatherette trim set the jewelry apart. Celestial Star diamond jewelry is always (according to corporate mandated planograms) displayed at the top (farthest from the customer) of the showcase on the special displays. Celestial Star diamond jewelry never goes on sale because it is a Great Price (""always a low price"") item, which is seen by all prices ending in 98 cents. Celestial Star diamond jewelry is exclusively sold in Sears, Sears Essentials, and Sears Grand, as well as online at Sears.com. The number of Celestial Star diamond jewelry styles that a Sears store carries depends"
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"America during a July 2018 interview with Retail Insider. Spence Diamonds Spence Diamonds is a Canadian retailer of diamond jewellery owned by the British firm Lion Capital. It was founded in Vancouver in 1978. As of July 2018, the chain operated ten locations across 3 Canadian provinces and 3 US states. The company purchased three stores in Houston in 2009, but sold them and ceased U.S. operations in early 2011 before re-entering the American market a few years later. In April 2015, Lion Capital acquired Spence Diamonds in a $125 million deal. Eric Lindberg, the company's chairman, announced plans to"
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"of 0.90 carat, with an average spending of $7500 Singapore dollars, including ring setting and tax. In year 2008, the company sold a 23.21 carat diamond at $190,000. eClarity has plans to broaden the company’s base to include more global representatives to sell diamonds internationally. Eclarity eClarity Pte Ltd is an online specialty retailer of jewelry. eClarity was registered in year 2000 and today owns an online diamonds database with more than 20,000 pieces of diamonds, 400 designs of wedding bands, and other jewelry. eClarity is based in Singapore, and competes with traditional jewelry retail chain stores, and global online"
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"In March 2017, Dominion Diamond announced it had received an unsolicited and non-binding expression of interest from The Washington Companies to acquire the Company for US$1.1 billion. In June 2017, a deal was signed with online diamond retailer James Allen to make it the exclusive online retailer of CanadaMark diamonds. In October, 2018 a 552-carat yellow diamond was discovered at the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada's Northwest Territories. Dominion Diamond Mines Dominion Diamond Mines (formerly known as Dominion Diamond Corporation, Harry Winston, and Aber) is a Canadian specialist diamond mining company. The company holds a 40% stake in the Diavik"
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"from Amazon US and in Europe through Amazon EU. As of Nov 2016, Pearls only has served 275,000 customers, mostly in the North American (USA, Canada) and Western European (UK, Germany, France, and Italy) regions. PearlsOnly enjoy a significant market share in several other nations, such as Australia and New Zealand. The company operates two Asian purchasing centers - located in Beijing for freshwater pearls and Japan for Japanese, Tahitian and South Sea Pearls. PearlsOnly.com PearlsOnly.com is a Jewelry seller specializing in the sale of pearl, active in the North American, European and Australian markets. Founded in 2003, PearlsOnly is"
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"establishes partnerships with jewelry stores, allowing their walk-in customers to sell or trade in diamond jewelry using Worthy’s online auction platform. In May 2016, a 10-carat diamond ring that generated over $4 million in total bids and was auctioned for $676,000 at Worthy.com. In that same month, a fancy yellow radiant cut diamond was auctioned for $78,000. In August 2016, Worthy.com announced the launch of the Worthy Women’s Professional Studies Scholarship. The program offers scholarships for up to $2,500 and the application is open for women that are minimum 30 years old. Applicants must be enrolled at, or accepted to"
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"in its biggest single acquisition, making Tesco the second largest retailer in the country. The majority of the E-Land stores formerly belonged to French retailer Carrefour before 2006 and most of the stores will be converted to Tesco Homeplus outlets. Tesco's South Korean discount store chain, Home Plus, currently has 66 outlets. On 16 December 2011, E-Land purchased Elizabeth Taylor's Krupp Diamond ring for $8,818,500 (including buyer's premium). It planned to put it on display at their E-World theme park in Daegu. On April 14, 2014, E-Land Group announced that they will found professional football club based in Seoul and"
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"Leibish & Co. Leibish & Company is a multinational online retailer of fancy color diamonds, color diamond jewelry, and rare gemstones. The company was founded in 1979 and opened its retail website in 1995. Leibish & Co. offers a wide range of natural fancy color diamonds that are found in any one of 12 colors, with over 90 secondary hues, 9 intensity levels, and over 230 color combinations. The company’s head office operates out of the Israel Diamond Exchange, and they have main offices in New York City and Hong Kong. The company also has hubs in the UK, India,"
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"Spence Diamonds Spence Diamonds is a Canadian retailer of diamond jewellery owned by the British firm Lion Capital. It was founded in Vancouver in 1978. As of July 2018, the chain operated ten locations across 3 Canadian provinces and 3 US states. The company purchased three stores in Houston in 2009, but sold them and ceased U.S. operations in early 2011 before re-entering the American market a few years later. In April 2015, Lion Capital acquired Spence Diamonds in a $125 million deal. Eric Lindberg, the company's chairman, announced plans to expand Spence Diamonds to over 40 locations in North"
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"the fastest growing online retailer in the USA. The company is privately held with its offices in New York City and Montreal. The site current serves 15 million members internationally and works with various major partner companies. Beyond the Rack visitors must be members in order to view the company's merchandise. Products are grouped into sale ""events"" from a single brand or small groups of brands. An email is sent to all members prior to each event's start. Once launched, each of the events lasts 48 hours. In 2011 the company started retailing designer wedding dresses, and in the same"
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"worth of pre-owned diamonds in households around the world, 40% of which is in the United States. In an interview with National Jewelers Magazine, Ben De-Kalo, CEO of Worthy.com affirms that about $8 to $9 billion worth of pre-owned diamonds is brought into the market by jewelry inheritors who want to sell them. De-Kalo says that another source of pre-owned diamonds that come back to the market are divorcees, most of whom want to sell their engagement rings post-divorce. In an interview published in Forbes in November 2016, Ben De-Kalo describes Worthy.com as a “consumer-to-business” auction liquidation website. Worthy.com offers"
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"Jewelers acquired Black, Starr & Frost and expanded to 33 locations. 1986: New York’s The Plaza Hotel became home to another Black, Starr & Frost jewelry salon. 1990: Sterling Inc. acquired Kay Jewelers and Black, Starr & Frost. 1991: Paul Lam, Costa Mesa, California, acquired Black, Starr & Frost. 2006: The Molina Group acquired Black, Starr & Frost. 2012: Black, Starr & Frost sold the Archduke Joseph Diamond, a 76-carat, D-color, internally flawless diamond, the largest D color internally flawless Golconda diamond in the world for $21.5 million at Christie’s Geneva Magnificent Jewels auction, setting three world records for the"
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"ULTRA Diamonds ULTRA Diamonds was the largest seller of fine jewelry in factory outlet and value centers in the United States. ULTRA was a manufacturer as well as a direct importer of diamonds, gemstones, and gold jewelry. At one point, Ultra operated over 100 stores in outlet centers and 38 other format locations (primarily licensed jewelry departments). After its acquisition by Signet Jewelers, ULTRA Diamonds stores were re-branded as Kay Jewelers. ULTRA opened its first store in August 1991 in Gurnee, Illinois. Daniel H. Marks, founder, president, and CEO is a third generation jeweler. Prior to founding ULTRA, he was"
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"2014, WP Diamonds received an A+ rating from the Better Business Bureau and announced they would also be offering a purchasing solution for used watches and designer jewelry. They again featured in Reuters following a strong year for the Recycled Diamond market as a whole. In addition, WP Diamonds claims on their website to have traded approximately $75 million of recycled diamonds and diamond jewelry in 2014. WP Diamonds traditionally recycles diamonds and trades them back into the US jewelry market. They are typically purchased by jewelry manufacturers, diamond manufacturers, and dealers. Larger diamonds are handled by a number of"
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What is the name of the resident jailbird and all around lawbreaker on The Simpsons?
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"Snake Jailbird Snake Jailbird (usually referred to as simply Snake) is a recurring fictional character in the animated television series ""The Simpsons"", who is voiced by Hank Azaria. Snake's first appearance was in the episode ""The War of the Simpsons"". His catchphrase is ""Bye!"", which he usually says when he is in trouble. His real name is Albert Knickerbocker Aloysius Snake, although a Simpsons card says his name is Chester Turley. He was named the 19th (out of 25) of IGN's Top 25 Simpsons Peripheral Characters. Snake is Springfield's resident recidivist felon, always getting arrested but rarely staying in jail."
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"misconception about the writing process), writers will most likely take credit for writing for Ralph. Ralph Wiggum Ralph Wiggum is a recurring character on the animated series ""The Simpsons"", voiced by Nancy Cartwright. The son of Police Chief Wiggum and a classmate of Lisa Simpson, Ralph is best known as the show's resident oddball, and is noted for his non-sequiturs and erratic behavior. His lines range from nonsensical, or bizarre interpretations of a current event, to surprisingly profound statements that go over people's heads; and his behavior varies between blissfully unaware, to dim-witted, to awkwardly spontaneous, even occasionally straightforward. The"
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"Ralph Wiggum Ralph Wiggum is a recurring character on the animated series ""The Simpsons"", voiced by Nancy Cartwright. The son of Police Chief Wiggum and a classmate of Lisa Simpson, Ralph is best known as the show's resident oddball, and is noted for his non-sequiturs and erratic behavior. His lines range from nonsensical, or bizarre interpretations of a current event, to surprisingly profound statements that go over people's heads; and his behavior varies between blissfully unaware, to dim-witted, to awkwardly spontaneous, even occasionally straightforward. The very nature of the character has undergone seemingly differing interpretations over the years and within"
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"the episode is Snake Jailbird. The character first appeared in the season two episode ""The War of the Simpsons"" only as ""Jailbird"", but his full name was first mentioned in ""Black Widower"". The writers gave him the name Snake because of the snake tattoo on his arm, and the character has gone by that name ever since. ""Black Widower"" was the second episode Kelsey Grammer guest starred in as the voice of Sideshow Bob. He had previously appeared in the season one episode ""Krusty Gets Busted"", in which Bart gets Bob sentenced to jail for framing Krusty for armed robbery."
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"Wiggum, enroll him in the Springfield Animal Police Academy, where he is teamed with Lou, managing to help fight crime in Springfield. Santa's Little Helper catches Snake Jailbird who is taken to court, but freed on a technicality. This makes Santa's Little Helper jaded, and when he returns home, he bites Bart on the leg out of frustration. Considering the fact that the pressure from the fight against crime is what led to the dog's actions on Bart, the Simpsons send the dog away to live with Lou. As a replacement, Marge buys Bart a reticulated python, which he names"
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"vegetables by the unforgiving townspeople. Later that day, Grampa stops by the Simpsons' house and tells everybody that he knows who the cat burglar is: a resident in the local retirement home named Molloy. Homer captures Molloy at the retirement home, and the surprisingly amiable cat burglar returns the objects he stole. Chief Wiggum arrests him and he is imprisoned. While in his cell at the police station, Molloy casually mentions that he assumes Homer and the cops probably want to know where he hid all of his loot. This piques their interest, and Molloy tells them the stash is"
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"Cletus Spuckler Cletus Delroy Spuckler, commonly called Cletus the Slack-Jawed Yokel is a recurring character in the Fox animated series ""The Simpsons"", voiced by Hank Azaria. Cletus is Springfield's resident hillbilly stereotype. He is usually portrayed wearing a white sleeveless shirt and blue jeans. He was named the 7th (out of 25) of IGN's Top 25 Simpsons Peripheral Characters. Cletus was introduced during the fifth season of the show, in ""Bart Gets an Elephant"", as one of the ""slack-jawed yokels"" gawking at Bart's elephant Stampy. Cletus' voice is slightly deeper in this initial appearance than in later episodes. He, like"
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"ends up getting himself and his family in trouble for killing the state's beloved mascot – an alligator named Captain Jack. The Simpsons run from the law and take jobs at a small restaurant while hiding from the police. Diedrich Bader guest starred in ""Kill the Alligator and Run"" as a sheriff that tries to arrest the Simpson family, while Robert Evans and Charlie Rose guest starred in a scene in which Homer watches the two in an interview on television. Kid Rock and Joe C. also made guest appearances as themselves in the episode, performing at a concert in"
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"his name is given as ""Cletus Spuckler"" in a news report. In the episode Sweets and Sour Marge he signs his name on Marge's petition also as Cletus Spuckler. Cletus Spuckler Cletus Delroy Spuckler, commonly called Cletus the Slack-Jawed Yokel is a recurring character in the Fox animated series ""The Simpsons"", voiced by Hank Azaria. Cletus is Springfield's resident hillbilly stereotype. He is usually portrayed wearing a white sleeveless shirt and blue jeans. He was named the 7th (out of 25) of IGN's Top 25 Simpsons Peripheral Characters. Cletus was introduced during the fifth season of the show, in ""Bart"
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"about patriotism, and the Simpsons are taken into custody, in violation of the ""Government Knows Best Act."" The Simpsons are taken to the ""Ronald Reagan Re-education Center"", which houses Michael Moore, the Dixie Chicks, Elmo, Al Franken, and Bill Clinton, as well as a man who moans ""My only crime was driving a van full of explosives in from Canada!"". Marge feels bad that she took it too far after Homer warned her not to. With some help from the last-registered Democrat, the Simpsons escape the prison (in a parody of the escape scene from The Blues Brothers), but realize"
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"Groundskeeper Willie Dr. William MacDougal, better known as Groundskeeper Willie, is a recurring character on ""The Simpsons"", voiced by Dan Castellaneta. He is the head groundskeeper at Springfield Elementary School. Willie is almost feral in nature and is immensely proud of his Scottish origin. He is easily identifiable by his red hair and beard, as well as his aggressive temperament and thick, though inaccurate Scottish accent. Groundskeeper Willie (who was once originally called ""Groundskeeper Louie"") is the groundskeeper at Springfield Elementary School and lives in a shack on the school grounds. He is a Scotsman with an aggressive temper. Willie"
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"arch-enemy, Bart Simpson, and Sideshow Bob was sent to prison. Bob made his second major appearance in season three's ""Black Widower""; the writers echoed the premise of the Coyote chasing the Road Runner by having Bob unexpectedly insert himself into Bart's life, threatening to disrupt – and sometimes end – it. In each appearance thereafter, Bob has assumed the role on ""The Simpsons"" of an evil genius. Episodes in which he is a central character typically involve Sideshow Bob being released from prison and executing an elaborate revenge plan, usually foiled by Bart and Lisa. His plans often involve murder"
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"Academy. However, his new crime-fighting job makes him jaded and one day at home he bites Bart. The Simpsons must therefore send the dog away to live with officer Lou. However, he gets to return after saving Bart from a toxic smoke cloud at school and then leaving the police force. In ""How Munched is That Birdie in the Window?"" (season 22, 2010), after Santa's Little Helper devours a pigeon with a broken leg that Bart was nursing, Bart gets mad at the dog and is unable to forgive him. The Simpsons therefore give him away to an ostrich farm."
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"Homer the Vigilante ""Homer the Vigilante"" is the eleventh episode of ""The Simpsons""<nowiki>'</nowiki> fifth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 6, 1994. In the episode, a crime wave caused by an elusive cat burglar plagues Springfield. Lisa is distraught to find her saxophone has been stolen, and Homer promises to get it back. The police are ineffective, so Homer takes charge of a neighborhood watch. However, under his leadership it becomes more like a vigilante group, and fails to catch the burglar. With the help of Grampa, Homer discovers that the burglar"
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"Barney Gumble Barnard Arnold ""Barney"" Gumble is a recurring character in the American animated TV series, ""The Simpsons"". He is voiced by Dan Castellaneta and first appeared in the series premiere episode ""Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire"". Barney is the town drunk of Springfield and Homer Simpson's best friend. His desperation for alcohol is a frequent butt of jokes on the show. Barney sobered up in the Season 11 episode ""Days of Wine and D'oh'ses"", which was co-written by Castellaneta, and stayed sober for several seasons. Barney was inspired by the cartoon character Barney Rubble from ""The Flintstones"" and"
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"janitors all over the world"". Three Groundskeeper Willie action figures were created by Playmates Toys for the World of Springfield series: Willie depicted in his usual appearance, released in 2001 in wave 4; ""Ripped Willie"", released in 2002 as part of wave 8; and ""Kilted Willie"", released in 2003 in wave 14. Groundskeeper Willie Dr. William MacDougal, better known as Groundskeeper Willie, is a recurring character on ""The Simpsons"", voiced by Dan Castellaneta. He is the head groundskeeper at Springfield Elementary School. Willie is almost feral in nature and is immensely proud of his Scottish origin. He is easily identifiable"
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"and while he's distracted with Groundskeeper Willie, Bart makes a run for it. Bart manages to escape Skinner, whose car accidentally reverses into the auto shop. Bart takes refuge in his treehouse, where he discovers that Snake Jailbird is hiding there. He reveals he is committing crimes to help his son Jeremy. Chief Wiggum arrives, thinking Snake is there, so Bart lies that Snake made it to the top of Mount Springfield. Back at school, Lisa sees a boy choking on pizza. She performs the Heimlich maneuver on him, reveals his name is Lucas Bortner and he's a competitive eater."
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"the world's foremost safe-cracker and cat-burglar, which resulted in his serving a sentence at Parkmoor Scrubs Prison. Following his release, he quickly returned to his criminal ways, and was discovered by Penelope while attempting to crack the safe of an oil tycoon. Penelope had learned of Parker's talents and offered him a partnership in her spy work for International Rescue. He is now a loyal and indispensable assistant to Penelope and IR. ""Give or Take a Million"" is the only episode of the series in which Penelope appears without Parker. Lilian (or Lil, as she is known by Parker) is"
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"Hans Moleman Hans Moleman is a recurring character on the animated television series ""The Simpsons"". He was created by series creator Matt Groening and is voiced by Dan Castellaneta and first appeared in the episode ""Principal Charming"". His appearance usually comes in the form of a running gag, in which, as a bystander to disastrous events, he suffers unfortunate, often seemingly fatal accidents, only to return in later episodes completely unharmed. ""Hans Moleman is the retconned name of an earlier character named ""Ralph Melish"". A seemingly elderly man, Moleman is sometimes portrayed as a resident of the Springfield Retirement Castle,"
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"but the cashier (Snake Jailbird) convinces him to hand over the gun. Later, Apu is about to shut down the Kwik-E-Mart when his wife Manjula tells him that Swapper Jack's is closing because it was discovered they were selling monkey meat imported from Brazil as chicken. Homer initially refuses to attend Bart's show because he discovers the artwork is an insult to him, but changes his mind after Bart apologizes and writes ""I'm sorry"" on the hood of Homer's car. At the show, Chief Wiggum and the Springfield Police Department suddenly appear to arrest Bart for making graffiti throughout the"
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"is a charming senior named Molloy. Molloy is arrested, but he outwits the citizens of Springfield and escapes. The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Jim Reardon. Sam Neill guest starred in the episode as Molloy. ""Homer the Vigilante"" was selected for release in a 1997 video collection of selected episodes titled: ""The Simpsons: Crime and Punishment"". It features cultural references to films such as ""It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World"" and """". Since airing, the episode has received positive reviews from television critics. It acquired a Nielsen rating of 12.2, and was the highest-rated show"
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"Mr. Burns Charles Montgomery Burns (a.k.a. C. Montgomery Burns and Monty Burns but usually referred to simply as Mr. Burns) is a recurring character of the animated television series ""The Simpsons"". He is voiced by Harry Shearer. He is the evil, greedy and wealthy owner of the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant and is also Homer Simpson's boss. He is assisted at almost all times by Waylon Smithers, his loyal and sycophantic aide, adviser, confidant and secret admirer. Although originally conceived as a one-dimensional, recurring villain who might occasionally enter the Simpsons' lives and wreak some sort of havoc, Mr. Burns'"
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"the Simpson Mind"" in 2008. In 2000, Homer and the rest of the Simpson family were awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 7021 Hollywood Boulevard. In 2017, Homer Simpson was celebrated by the National Baseball Hall of Fame, to honor the 25th anniversary of the episode ""Homer at the Bat"". Homer is an ""everyman"" and embodies several American stereotypes of working class blue-collar men: he is crude, overweight, incompetent, dim witted, clumsy and a borderline alcoholic. Matt Groening describes him as ""completely ruled by his impulses"". Dan Castellaneta calls him ""a dog trapped in a"
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"inside the floor. Meanwhile, Bart Simpson is participating in a sled race on a hill, but Milhouse Van Houten is slowing them down, because he's scared. Bart knocks Milhouse off, but he loses control of the sled and hits the shopping cart of a homeless woman named Hettie Mae Boggs, throwing it and all of her things into a frozen river. Feeling guilty, he invites Hettie to the Simpsons' house. Hettie is getting too comfortable in Bart's closet, so she decides to give Bart one dollar per day as a rent. Lisa Simpson soon realizes Bart's suspicious income, and discovers"
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"behind ""The Simpsons"". ""Arthur"" has been announced to run for at least four more seasons, up to Season 25. Arthur Read, the series's titular character, is an anthropomorphic eight-year-old brown aardvark who lives in the fictional town of Elwood City. He is a third-grade student at Lakewood Elementary School. Arthur's family includes two home-working parents, his father David (a chef) and his mother Jane (an accountant), his two younger sisters, Dora Winifred (D.W.), who is in preschool, and Kate, who is still an infant, and his dog Pal. Arthur also has several friends who come from various ethnic and socioeconomic"
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"regulars are sometimes employed directly in the gang's criminal enterprises, other times they are not. But they are all seen frequently, and could certainly be accused of aiding and abetting Dortmunder and his cronies in all their endeavors: Several other specialists appear less frequently in the series, such as Ralph Winslow (a lockman), Wally Whistler (an extremely absentminded lockman who once accidentally released a lion from its cage at the zoo), Jim O'Hara (a recently released burglar who still hasn't lost his prison pallor) and Herman Jones (a black lockman formerly known as ""Herman X"" when he was a black"
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"Jimbo, Kearney, and Dolph after they try to steal Bart and Milhouse's sleds. However due to how vaguely the law defines a bully, the police can arrest almost anyone, which Chief Wiggum soon begins to do even if they are wrongly accused. Homer, who has abused the new law on anyone who even mildly inconveniences him, gets a taste of his own medicine when Rod & Todd Flanders (who are fed up with how Homer treats Ned) have him arrested and he's been sentenced to 90 days of treatment. While in the center, Homer has an epiphany that he is"
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"Bart (now a spider), Lisa (now an owl) and Maggie (now an anteater, who is nearly eaten by Lisa until Homer intervenes). Homer, initially appalled at what everyone has become, eventually embraces the concept of being a mutant animal who does nothing but eat, sleep, mate and roll around in its own filth upon realizing how well it fits in with his personal lifestyle. The segment ends with a mutated Homer in the form of a walrus, and the rest of the Simpsons and Springfield mutants lounging aside the resort's pool, intending to spend the rest of their days on"
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"Bob targets Bart directly, threatening him repeatedly and forcing the Simpsons into hiding as part of the Witness Relocation Program. Bob follows them to their hideout, a houseboat on Terror Lake, and, after subduing the family, prepares to kill Bart. He allows a final request, however, and Bart asks to hear Bob sing the entire score of ""H.M.S. Pinafore"". The delaying tactic leads to Bob's third arrest. Bob is released from prison once again in ""Sideshow Bob Roberts"" (season six, 1994), and runs for Mayor of Springfield as the Republican Party candidate. He defeats Democratic Party incumbent Joe Quimby in"
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"Homer Simpson Homer Jay Simpson is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the American animated sitcom ""The Simpsons"". He is voiced by Dan Castellaneta and first appeared on television, along with the rest of his family, in ""The Tracey Ullman Show"" short ""Good Night"" on April 19, 1987. Homer was created and designed by cartoonist Matt Groening while he was waiting in the lobby of James L. Brooks' office. Groening had been called to pitch a series of shorts based on his comic strip ""Life in Hell"" but instead decided to create a new set of characters. He"
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"houseboat floats to Springfield. After the performance, Sideshow Bob advances on Bart again, but the boat runs aground, interrupting Sideshow Bob before he can finish him off. Sideshow Bob is arrested, and the Simpsons return home. Sideshow Bob is a recurring character on ""The Simpsons"". Since season three's ""Black Widower"" (1992), the writers have echoed the premise of Wile E. Coyote chasing the Road Runner from the 1949–1966 ""Looney Tunes"" cartoons by having Bob unexpectedly insert himself into Bart's life and attempt to kill him. Executive producer Al Jean has compared Bob's character to that of Wile E. Coyote, noting"
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"for killing the alligator. The family flees from the sheriff and during a car chase they are hit by a train that pushes their car on the rails for several miles. When the Simpsons dislodge their car from the train, they escape to a restaurant where they are given employment. They live in a nearby trailer and progressively turn into hillbillies. The sheriff eventually tracks them down and kidnaps them while they are sleeping. For their crimes (and Homer's foolish attempt at defending himself in court), the family is put into forced labor. One night when they are working at"
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"Skinner, and suspended from school for a week to be subsequently grounded. Bart, whose involvement with the prank was not discovered, promises to visit Milhouse every day. Homer drops Bart off at Springfield Retirement Castle to visit Grampa. There, Bart is immediately smitten with a kind and charitable girl named Jenny. Bart makes a concerted effort to appear ""good"" to Jenny, demonstrating his newfound good nature by defending ducklings and eventually inviting Jenny over for dinner. However, Milhouse shows up on the Simpsons' doorstep and threatens to reveal Bart's true, dark nature because Bart forgot to visit him during his"
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What state is known as the Magnolia State?
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"Magnolia State 100 The Magnolia State 100 is an annual dirt track race for super late model cars held at Magnolia Motor Speedway in Columbus, Mississippi. First held in 1989, the race is considered unique as one of the last remaining major dirt track events that is not sanctioned by a touring series. Originally held at Whynot Motorsports Park, the race moved to South Mississippi Speedway, Pike County Speedway and Jackson Motor Speedway before settling at Columbus Speedway for eleven years. Starting in 2012, the event was scheduled to be held at Magnolia Motor Speedway, but was cancelled; starting with"
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"and in House District 22A, represented by Republican Joe Schomacker. Magnolia, Minnesota Magnolia is a town in Rock County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 222 at the 2010 census. Magnolia took its name from Magnolia Township. A post office has been open in Magnolia since 1886. Magnolia was platted in 1891 and incorporated in 1894. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 222 people, 77 households, and 56 families residing in the city. The population density was . There"
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"Magnolia, Texas Magnolia is a city in southwestern Montgomery County, Texas, United States within the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area. It is named for the magnolia trees that grew in the area. The population was 1,393 at the 2010 United States Census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of all of which is land. The first settlement in the Magnolia area was a town named Mink Prairie, founded in about 1845 when a farmer named Mink built a homestead. By 1850, the town's name was shortened to Mink. After the Civil War, Mink's"
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"Renaissance Festival in Todd Mission. The city of Magnolia is part of the Magnolia Independent School District. The Montgomery County Memorial Library System operates the Malcom Purvis Branch in the city. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Magnolia has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated ""Cfa"" on climate maps. Magnolia, Texas Magnolia is a city in southwestern Montgomery County, Texas, United States within the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area. It is named for the magnolia trees that grew in the area. The population"
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"the age of eighteen and none of those sixty five or over. Magnolia, Iowa Magnolia is a city in Harrison County, Iowa in the United States of America. The population was 183 at the 2010 census. Harrison County was established in 1851 and organized on March 7, 1853. Abram Fletcher, Charles Wolcott and A. D. Jones were appointed by the Iowa General Assembly as Commissioners to organize the county and establish a county seat. They chose the location for Magnolia and gave it its name. The third building that was erected in the town for the county courthouse in 1873"
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"Magnolia, Ohio Magnolia is a village in Carroll and Stark counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The population was 978 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Canton–Massillon Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1834 Richard Elson and John W. Smith laid out the village of Magnolia in Sandy Township. In 1836, Isaac Miller platted the village of Downingville in Rose Township. The towns merged and became Magnolia on February 1, 1846. The village took its name from Magnolia Mills, a local gristmill. The Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District constructed the Magnolia Levee to protect the town from Bolivar Dam."
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"Magnolia, Arkansas Magnolia is a city in Columbia County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 11,577. The city is the county seat of Columbia County. Magnolia is home to the World's Largest Charcoal Grill and the World Championship Steak Cookoff, part of the Magnolia Blossom Festival. The city was founded in 1853. At the time of its incorporation in 1858, the city had a population of about 1,950. The city grew slowly as an agricultural and regional cotton market until the discovery of oil just east of the city in March 1938, with the Barnett"
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"annexed east of the city, which includes approximately 1,100 people, increasing the population to 11,578. The city was expected to receive between $60,000 to $70,000 in state turnbacks per year as a result. Magnolia, Arkansas Magnolia is a city in Columbia County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 11,577. The city is the county seat of Columbia County. Magnolia is home to the World's Largest Charcoal Grill and the World Championship Steak Cookoff, part of the Magnolia Blossom Festival. The city was founded in 1853. At the time of its incorporation in 1858, the city"
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"Magnolia, Iowa Magnolia is a city in Harrison County, Iowa in the United States of America. The population was 183 at the 2010 census. Harrison County was established in 1851 and organized on March 7, 1853. Abram Fletcher, Charles Wolcott and A. D. Jones were appointed by the Iowa General Assembly as Commissioners to organize the county and establish a county seat. They chose the location for Magnolia and gave it its name. The third building that was erected in the town for the county courthouse in 1873 still stands in the town, and is listed on the National Register"
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"Magnolia, Minnesota Magnolia is a town in Rock County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 222 at the 2010 census. Magnolia took its name from Magnolia Township. A post office has been open in Magnolia since 1886. Magnolia was platted in 1891 and incorporated in 1894. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 222 people, 77 households, and 56 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 84 housing units at an average density of ."
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"generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Magnolia has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated ""Cfa"" on climate maps. Magnolia, Mississippi Magnolia is a city in Pike County, Mississippi. The population was 2,420 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Pike County, which lies within the McComb, Mississippi Micropolitan Statistical Area. Magnolia was founded in 1856 by Ansel H. Prewett, a local civic leader and cotton planter. Knowing that the approaching New Orleans, Jackson, and Great Northern Railroad (now the Illinois Central Railroad) would need a station for water and fuel, Prewett sold"
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"and 40.6% of those sixty five or over. Magnolia, Delaware Magnolia is a town in Kent County, Delaware, United States. It is part of the Dover, Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area. Recent estimates put the population at around 235, however, the population was 225 at the 2010 census. The John B. Lindale House, Matthew Lowber House, Gov. George Truitt House, and three archaeological sites are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Magnolia is located at (39.0712238, -75.4760327). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land. According to the"
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"to the northwest. Magnolia, West Virginia Magnolia is an unincorporated community northeast of Paw Paw in Morgan County in the U.S. state of West Virginia on the Potomac River. Magnolia is located along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad mainline and east of where the Western Maryland Railway crosses the Potomac, bypassing a series of bends in the river. As a depot and water station on the B&O, Magnolia has been known by a number of names including Magnolia Dale, Magnolia Vale, and sometimes as Water Station Number 12 on the railroad. The name Magnolia, as passed down from oral tradition,"
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"Magnolia, Mississippi Magnolia is a city in Pike County, Mississippi. The population was 2,420 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Pike County, which lies within the McComb, Mississippi Micropolitan Statistical Area. Magnolia was founded in 1856 by Ansel H. Prewett, a local civic leader and cotton planter. Knowing that the approaching New Orleans, Jackson, and Great Northern Railroad (now the Illinois Central Railroad) would need a station for water and fuel, Prewett sold a right-of-way to the railroad company – for one dollar, according to legend – and divided a section of his plantation into town"
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"large enough that the US Government permitted the Bank at Magnolia to issue its own Currency from 1832 through 1838. Magnolia, Florida Magnolia, Florida was a thriving river port town in southern Wakulla County, Florida (until 1843, Leon County, Florida), established in the 1820s and is classified as an ""extinct city"" by the State Library and Archives of Florida. All that remains of the city is the run down cemetery - the last known burial was in 1859. The cemetery is on land now owned by the St. Joe Paper Company. The town was located near the small city of"
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"18 and 17.8% of those age 65 or over. Magnolia, North Carolina Magnolia is a town in Duplin County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 939 at the 2010 census. The Roger Dickson Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. Magnolia is located in western Duplin County at (34.895620, -78.055008). U.S. Route 117 passes through the center of town, leading north to Warsaw and south to Wallace. Interstate 40 passes to the east of Magnolia, with access from Exit 373 (NC 24) northeast of town, and from Exit 369 (US 117) north of town."
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"States Army and later governor of South Carolina. Hagood, South Carolina Hagood is an unincorporated community in the High Hills of Santee area in western Sumter County, South Carolina, United States. It lies west of South Carolina Highway 261, north of Stateburg and is the location of Magnolia Hall, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Its mail now comes from Rembert zip code 29128. The community was originally called Sander's Station by the South Carolina Railway, apparently for Dr. Swepson Saunders, the owner of Magnolia Hall plantation, on which it was located, but was renamed Hagood"
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"from which the town derived its name. It is the only town in the United States to have a U.S. Postal Service water delivery route. Magnolia Springs, Alabama Magnolia Springs is a town in south Baldwin County, Alabama, United States, in the Daphne–Fairhope–Foley Micropolitan Statistical Area. The town voted to incorporate in 2006. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 723. Magnolia Springs is located at the headwaters of the Magnolia River, which was originally called River de Lin, or River del Salto by local residents. Various boats and steamships brought travelers into the area. The largest"
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"Magnolia High School (Arkansas) Magnolia High School is a comprehensive public high school in Magnolia, Arkansas, United States that serves grades 10 through 12. It is one of three public high schools in Columbia County and the only high school managed by the Magnolia School District. It serves Magnolia, Village, McNeil, and Waldo. The high school's attendance area expanded due to consolidations in the 20th and 21st centuries. Village School District consolidated into the Magnolia district on July 1, 1986. The Walker School District consolidated into the Magnolia district on July 1, 2004. The Waldo School District consolidated into the"
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"Magnolia High School (Arkansas) Magnolia High School is a comprehensive public high school in Magnolia, Arkansas, United States that serves grades 10 through 12. It is one of three public high schools in Columbia County and the only high school managed by the Magnolia School District. It serves Magnolia, Village, McNeil, and Waldo. The high school's attendance area expanded due to consolidations in the 20th and 21st centuries. Village School District consolidated into the Magnolia district on July 1, 1986. The Walker School District consolidated into the Magnolia district on July 1, 2004. The Waldo School District consolidated into the"
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"Magnolia, West Virginia Magnolia is an unincorporated community northeast of Paw Paw in Morgan County in the U.S. state of West Virginia on the Potomac River. Magnolia is located along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad mainline and east of where the Western Maryland Railway crosses the Potomac, bypassing a series of bends in the river. As a depot and water station on the B&O, Magnolia has been known by a number of names including Magnolia Dale, Magnolia Vale, and sometimes as Water Station Number 12 on the railroad. The name Magnolia, as passed down from oral tradition, was a combination"
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"Magnolia, Florida Magnolia, Florida was a thriving river port town in southern Wakulla County, Florida (until 1843, Leon County, Florida), established in the 1820s and is classified as an ""extinct city"" by the State Library and Archives of Florida. All that remains of the city is the run down cemetery - the last known burial was in 1859. The cemetery is on land now owned by the St. Joe Paper Company. The town was located near the small city of St. Marks, Florida. In June 1827, only 6 years after Spain ceded Florida to the United States, four brothers from"
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"Dorado, owned by Delek's Logistic Unit. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classified this pipeline rupture as a major spill because of the number of barrels estimated to have been spilled. The city of Magnolia is in Columbia County, Arkansas, United States and is the county seat of the county. According to the 2009 U.S. Census Bureau reports, the population of the city is 10,951. The city itself has an approximate area of . Local authorities were called to action and responded quickly to clean up the spill and monitor the damage. Cleanup workers made use of a ""vacuum"
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"Magnolia, North Carolina Magnolia is a town in Duplin County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 939 at the 2010 census. The Roger Dickson Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. Magnolia is located in western Duplin County at (34.895620, -78.055008). U.S. Route 117 passes through the center of town, leading north to Warsaw and south to Wallace. Interstate 40 passes to the east of Magnolia, with access from Exit 373 (NC 24) northeast of town, and from Exit 369 (US 117) north of town. I-40 leads south to Wilmington and north to Raleigh."
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"have reported seeing a ghostly figure of an elderly women in a gray suit, colloquially referred to as the Gray Lady. Magnolia Cemetery (Augusta, Georgia) Magnolia Cemetery is a historic cemetery located in Augusta, Georgia. It was officially founded in August 1818. Spanning over 60 acres, it is home to the final resting place of seven Confederate Generals, five Jewish cemeteries, a Greek Cemetery, and the oldest tree in the state of Georgia. The land where Magnolia Cemetery is located was at one time part of a plantation with the first official burial in August 1818. Academy of Richmond County"
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"U.S. Department of Agriculture. Since the 1940's, when the tree suffered a gash that caused a large section of its trunk to rot, the tree had been supported by metal poles and cables. In 2017 it was decided on the advice of the National Arboretum to cut down and remove the Magnolia because the trunk was in an extremely fragile condition and the supports had been compromised. The species is also cultivated in the warmer parts of the United States; on the East Coast, a small number of specimens can be found growing as far north as coastal areas of"
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"Magnolia Springs, Alabama Magnolia Springs is a town in south Baldwin County, Alabama, United States, in the Daphne–Fairhope–Foley Micropolitan Statistical Area. The town voted to incorporate in 2006. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 723. Magnolia Springs is located at the headwaters of the Magnolia River, which was originally called River de Lin, or River del Salto by local residents. Various boats and steamships brought travelers into the area. The largest enterprise in the area was turpentine distillation. These stills were burned by their owners in 1865 to prevent them from being captured when Union soldiers"
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"Magnolia, Delaware Magnolia is a town in Kent County, Delaware, United States. It is part of the Dover, Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area. Recent estimates put the population at around 235, however, the population was 225 at the 2010 census. The John B. Lindale House, Matthew Lowber House, Gov. George Truitt House, and three archaeological sites are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Magnolia is located at (39.0712238, -75.4760327). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land. According to the sign outside the Lindale house on South Main"
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"Magnolia School District (California) Magnolia School District is a public elementary school district in Orange County, California, United States, headquartered in Anaheim. Magnolia School District provides students with an education intended to build a foundation to prepare them for college and careers in the 21st century. All students are provided with rigorous standards-based instruction, one-to-one technology in grades two through six, and specially designed music and arts programs. Seven of the nine Magnolia Elementary Schools received the California Gold Ribbon Schools Award and the Title I Academic Achieving Schools Award in 2016, and one school received the Exemplary Arts Education"
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"Magnolia, Massachusetts Magnolia is a small village in Gloucester, Massachusetts, located on the Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts town line in the southwestern part of the city. Straddling the town line between the two communities is Surf Park, a two-acre swath of land that has scenic views of Kettle Cove. Magnolia has its own library, restaurants, and shops. The fire station on Fuller St. reopened recently after being closed for many years. That preceded the burning down of the pizza shop not that long before the reopening. Another feature of Magnolia is its beach, which goes by the official name Gray Beach and"
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"oldest state programs, beginning in 1926. The band is currently under the direction of MHS alum, Mr. Jacob Mooskins. The band has won many awards over the years, and has competed in both the Tournament of Bands and Cavalcade of Bands. Magnolia regularly qualifies students to participate in the West Virginia Governors' School for the Arts, a summer program for the state's top rising juniors in theatre, music, dance and the visual arts. Magnolia's chapter of TSA won Outstanding Chapter in West Virginia 16 consecutive years (1995–2011). Magnolia captured the AA West Virginia Quiz Bowl title in 1998 and was"
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"the rose-coloured fruit, ovoid polyfollicle, long, and wide. Exceptionally large trees have been reported in the far southern United States. The national champion is a specimen in Smith County, Mississippi, that stands an incredible . Another record includes a 35-m-high specimen from the Chickasawhay District, De Soto National Forest, in Mississippi, which measured 17.75 ft in circumference at breast height, from 1961, and a 30-m-tall tree from Baton Rouge, which reached 18 ft in circumference at breast height. ""Magnolia grandiflora"" was one of the many species first described by Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his ""Systema Naturae"" in 1759,"
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"Magnolia grandiflora Magnolia grandiflora, commonly known as the southern magnolia or bull bay, is a tree of the family Magnoliaceae native to the southeastern United States, from southeastern North Carolina to central Florida, and west to East Texas. Reaching in height, it is a large, striking evergreen tree, with large dark green leaves up to long and wide, and large, white, fragrant flowers up to in diameter. Although endemic to the lowland subtropical forests on the Gulf and south Atlantic coastal plain, magnolia grandiflora is widely cultivated in warmer areas around the world. The timber is hard and heavy, and"
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What is the common, 3 letter name given to a mafia crime boss?
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"Crime lords are highly popular key figures in the popular culture world. Boss (crime) A crime boss, crime lord, mob boss, kingpin, or Don, is a person in charge of a criminal organization. A boss typically has absolute or nearly absolute control over their subordinates, is greatly feared by their subordinates for their ruthlessness and willingness to take lives to exert their influence, and profits from the criminal endeavors in which their organization engages. Some groups may only have as little as two ranks (a boss and his soldiers). Other groups have a more complex, structured organization with many ranks,"
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"Capo dei capi Capo di tutti i capi or capo dei capi is Italian for ""boss of all bosses"" or ""boss of [the] bosses"". It is a phrase used mainly by the media, public and the law enforcement community to indicate a supremely powerful crime boss in the Sicilian or American Mafia who holds great influence over the whole organization. The term was introduced to the U.S. public by the Kefauver Commission (1950). The word was applied by mobsters to Giuseppe Morello around 1900, according to Nick Gentile. Bosses Joe Masseria (1928–1931) and Salvatore Maranzano (1931) used the title as"
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"crimine"" actually has comparatively little authority to interfere in family feuds or to control the level of interfamily violence. Capo dei capi Capo di tutti i capi or capo dei capi is Italian for ""boss of all bosses"" or ""boss of [the] bosses"". It is a phrase used mainly by the media, public and the law enforcement community to indicate a supremely powerful crime boss in the Sicilian or American Mafia who holds great influence over the whole organization. The term was introduced to the U.S. public by the Kefauver Commission (1950). The word was applied by mobsters to Giuseppe"
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"refers to them as ""mafiosi"". The Mafia's core activities are protection racketeering, the arbitration of disputes between criminals, and the organizing and oversight of illegal agreements and transactions. Following waves of emigration, the Mafia has spread to other countries such as Canada and the United States. The word ""mafia"" originated in Sicily. The Sicilian adjective ""mafiusu"" (in Italian: ""mafioso"") roughly translates to mean ""swagger,"" but can also be translated as ""boldness, bravado"". In reference to a man, ""mafiusu"" in 19th century Sicily was ambiguous, signifying a bully, arrogant but also fearless, enterprising and proud, according to scholar Diego Gambetta. In"
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"own terms (e.g. the Sicilian Mafia and Italian-American Mafia refer to their organizations as ""Cosa Nostra""; the ""Japanese Mafia"" calls itself ""Yakuza""; and ""Russian Mafia"" groups often call themselves ""Bratva""). When used alone and without any qualifier, ""Mafia"" or ""the Mafia"" typically refers to either the Sicilian Mafia or the Italian-American Mafia and sometimes Italian organized crime in general (e.g., Camorra, 'Ndrangheta, Sacra Corona Unita, Stidda, etc.). The word ""mafia"" derives from the Sicilian adjective ""mafiusu"", which, roughly translated, means 'swagger', but can also be translated as 'boldness' or 'bravado'. In reference to a man, ""mafiusu"" (""mafioso"" in Italian) in"
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"Salvatore Riina Salvatore ""Totò"" Riina (; 16 November 1930 in Corleone – 17 November 2017 in Parma), called Totò 'u Curtu (; Totò being the diminutive of ""Salvatore""), was an Italian mobster and chief of the Sicilian Mafia, known for a ruthless murder campaign that reached a peak in the early 1990s with the assassinations of Antimafia Commission prosecutors Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino, resulting in widespread public outcry and a major crackdown by the authorities. He was also known by the nicknames la belva (""the beast"") and il capo dei capi (Sicilian: ""<nowiki>'</nowiki>u capu di 'i capi"", ""the boss"
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"at will, and has the sole power to sanction murders inside and outside the family. If the boss is incarcerated or incapacitated he places an ""acting boss"" who responsible for running the crime family. When a boss dies the crime family members choose a new boss from inside the organisation. The typical structure within the Mafia in Sicily and America is usually as follows: A boss will typically put up layers of insulation between himself and his men to defeat law enforcement efforts to arrest him. Whenever he issues orders, he does so either to his underboss, consigliere or capos."
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"Gambino crime family The Gambino crime family (pronounced ) is one of the ""Five Families"" that dominate organized crime activities in New York City, United States, within the nationwide criminal phenomenon known as the Mafia (or ""Cosa Nostra""). The group, which went through five bosses between 1910 and 1957, is named after Carlo Gambino, boss of the family at the time of the McClellan hearings in 1963, when the structure of organized crime first gained public attention. The group's operations extend from New York and the eastern seaboard to California. Its illicit activities include labor and construction racketeering, gambling, loansharking,"
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"Matteo Messina Denaro Matteo Messina Denaro (born 26 April 1962), also known as ""Diabolik"", is a Sicilian Mafia boss. He got his nickname from the Italian comic book character of the same name. He is considered to be one of the new leaders of Cosa Nostra after the arrest of Bernardo Provenzano on 11 April 2006, and the arrest of Salvatore Lo Piccolo in November 2007. Matteo Messina Denaro became known nationally on 12 April 2001 when the magazine ""L'Espresso"" put him on the cover with the headline: ""Ecco il nuovo capo della Mafia"" (""Here is the new Mafia boss"")."
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"from a heart attack, aged 68. He is buried in Corleone. Luciano Leggio Luciano Leggio (; 6 January 1925 – 15 November 1993) was an Italian criminal and leading figure of the Sicilian Mafia. He was the head of the Corleonesi, the Mafia faction that originated in the town of Corleone. He is universally known with the surname Liggio, a result of a misspelling in court documents in the 1960s. As well as setting the Corleonesi on track to become the dominant Mafia clan in Sicily, he became infamous for avoiding convictions for a multitude of crimes, including homicide, before"
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"Commission, which consists of the bosses of each of the strongest families. Today, most of the Mafia's activities are contained to the northeastern United States and Chicago, where they continue to dominate organized crime, despite the increasing numbers of other crime groups. The term ""Mafia"" was originally used in Italy by the media and law enforcement to describe criminal groups in Sicily. The origins of the term are debatable, though most agree the term is derived from the word ""ma'afir"", a term rooted in Arabic and meaning 'shelter' or 'place of refuge'. Like the Sicilian Mafia, the American Mafia did"
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"book about Magaddino's life as a mob boss. Magaddino is also mentioned in ""Niagara Falls Confidential"", also written by Mike Hudson. He also gets a passing mention in ""The Valachi Papers"" by Peter Maas. Magaddino is an unseen character in the third season of the hit HBO series, Boardwalk Empire. Stefano Magaddino Stefano ""The Undertaker"" Magaddino (October 10, 1891 – July 19, 1974) was a Sicilian mafioso who became the boss of the Buffalo crime family in western New York. His underworld influence stretched from Ohio to Southern Ontario and as far east as Montreal, Quebec. Known as ""Don Stefano"""
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"Carlos Marcello Carlos Marcello, also known as The Godfather and ""The Little Man"" (February 6, 1910 – March 2, 1993), was a powerful Italian-American mafioso who ruled the New Orleans crime family from 1947 until the late 1980s. G. Robert Blakey and other conspiracy theorists have asserted that Marcello along with Santo Trafficante, Jr. and Sam Giancana masterminded the 1963 assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy in retaliation for federal prosecution that threatened their secret criminal organization's increasingly profitable businesses and their multi-billion dollar international organized crime empires. Born as Calogero Minacori (or Minacore) to Sicilian parents in"
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"American Mafia The American Mafia (commonly referred to as the Mafia or the Mob, though ""the Mob"" can refer to other organized crime groups or organized crime in general) or Italian-American Mafia, is a highly organized Italian-American criminal society. The organization is often referred to by members as Cosa Nostra (, ""our thing"") and by the government as La Cosa Nostra (LCN). The organization's name is derived from the original ""Mafia"" or ""Cosa nostra"", the Sicilian Mafia, and it originally emerged as an offshoot of the Sicilian Mafia; however, the organization eventually encompassed or absorbed other Italian-American gangsters and Italian-American"
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"they were probably put in the title to add a local flair. The play is about a Palermo prison gang with traits similar to the Mafia: a boss, an initiation ritual, and talk of """"umirtà"""" (omertà or code of silence) and """"pizzu"""" (a codeword for extortion money). The play had great success throughout Italy. Soon after, the use of the term ""mafia"" began appearing in the Italian state's early reports on the phenomenon. The word made its first official appearance in 1865 in a report by the prefect of Palermo Filippo Antonio Gualterio. The term ""mafia"" has become a generic"
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"to the most powerful boss, although the Mafia never recognized the position itself. Genovese crime family bosses Lucky Luciano (1931–1946), Frank Costello (1946–1957) and Vito Genovese (1957–1959) were given the title. Following Genovese, Joseph Bonanno, boss of the Bonanno crime family, chaired the commission in 1959–1962. With the rise of Carlo Gambino, the Gambino crime family became the most powerful crime family and he was given the title from 1962–1976, as were his successors Paul Castellano (1976–1985), and John Gotti (1985–1992). With the fall of Gotti, Genovese Boss Vincent Gigante held the title from 1992–1997. The term has since fallen"
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"Sicilian Mafia The Sicilian Mafia, also known as simply the Mafia and frequently referred to by members as Cosa Nostra (, ; ""our thing""), is a Mafia-terrorist-type organized crime syndicate based in Sicily, Italy. It is a loose association of criminal groups that share a common organisational structure and code of conduct. The basic group is known as a ""family"", ""clan"", or ""cosca"". Each family claims sovereignty over a territory, usually a town or village or a neighbourhood (""borgata"") of a larger city, in which it operates its rackets. Its members call themselves ""men of honour"", although the public often"
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"Five Families The Five Families are the five major New York City organized crime families of the Italian American Mafia. The term was first used in 1931, when Salvatore Maranzano formally organized the previously warring gangs into what are now known as the Bonanno, Colombo, Gambino, Genovese, and Lucchese crime families, each with demarcated territory, organizationally structured in a now-familiar hierarchy, and having them reporting up to the same overarching governing entity. Initially Maranzano intended each family's boss to report to him as the capo di tutti capi (boss of all bosses), but this led to his assassination and by"
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"most dangerous living Sicilian mafiosi: Sicilian Mafia The Sicilian Mafia, also known as simply the Mafia and frequently referred to by members as Cosa Nostra (, ; ""our thing""), is a Mafia-terrorist-type organized crime syndicate based in Sicily, Italy. It is a loose association of criminal groups that share a common organisational structure and code of conduct. The basic group is known as a ""family"", ""clan"", or ""cosca"". Each family claims sovereignty over a territory, usually a town or village or a neighbourhood (""borgata"") of a larger city, in which it operates its rackets. Its members call themselves ""men of"
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"Felice Maniero Felice Maniero (born September 2, 1954) is a former Italian crime boss who was the head of the Mala del Brenta, a criminal organisation based in the region of Veneto throughout the 1980s and 1990s. His nickname is ""Faccia d'Angelo"" (""Angel Face""), which he shares with the Milanese mobster Francis Turatello and Camorra boss Edoardo Contini. He was born at Campolongo Maggiore, in the province of Venice. Originally the leader of a small band of thieves, through connections with Sicilian mafiosi in exile in Veneto he was able to expand and enlarge his organization and modeled it after"
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"Luciano Leggio Luciano Leggio (; 6 January 1925 – 15 November 1993) was an Italian criminal and leading figure of the Sicilian Mafia. He was the head of the Corleonesi, the Mafia faction that originated in the town of Corleone. He is universally known with the surname Liggio, a result of a misspelling in court documents in the 1960s. As well as setting the Corleonesi on track to become the dominant Mafia clan in Sicily, he became infamous for avoiding convictions for a multitude of crimes, including homicide, before he was finally imprisoned for life in 1974. Leggio was one"
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"charged with Mafia association, drug and arms trafficking and money laundering. He will be stripped of € 20 million in assets in property, businesses and bank accounts in Italy, Spain and Monaco. Raffaele Amato Raffaele Amato (born in Naples on November 11, 1965) is an Italian Camorra boss and head of the Scissionisti di Secondigliano, a Camorra clan from Naples. He is known by multiple nicknames in the Neapolitan criminal underworld, including """"Lo Spagnolo"""" (The Spaniard), """"'o Lell"""", """"Lell o' chiatt'"""" (Lell the Fat One) and """"'a vecchiarella"""". The Scissionisti are also known as """"Spagnoli"""" (Spaniards) because of their endless"
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"popularity and almost replaced the term Mafia. The FBI even added the article ""La"" to the term, calling it ""La Cosa Nostra"" (in Italy, the article ""la"" precedes the general ""mafia"" term but is not used before ""Cosa Nostra""). He also revealed the organisational structure of the Mafia with ""soldiers"" organized into ""regimes"" and led by a """"caporegime"""" (""lieutenant""). The regimes, in turn, are organized into ""families"" and bossed by """"capos"""" (bosses), each representing a geographic area, who make up Cosa Nostra's Commission, the final arbiter of the syndicate's affairs. According to Valachi, the original bosses of New York's Five"
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"union post in June 1965 after a series of blunders. In 1984, a more severe loss of power occurred to Salvatore ""Salvie"" Testa, a once rising Philadelphia crime family capo. He ended up getting murdered by Nicky Scarfo due to the suspicions raised about his loyalty. Caporegime A caporegime or capodecina, usually shortened to just a capo, is a rank used in the Mafia (both the Sicilian Mafia and Italian-American Mafia) for a ""made member"" of the crime family who heads a ""crew"" of soldiers and has major social status and influence in the organization. ""Caporegime"" is an Italian word,"
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"Underboss Underboss (also capo bastone or sotto capo) is a position within the leadership structure of Sicilian, Greek, and American Mafia crime families. The underboss is second in command to the boss. The underboss is sometimes a family member, such as a son, who will take over the family if the boss is sick, killed, or imprisoned. However the position of street boss has somewhat challenged the rank of underboss in the modern era. The position was installed within the Genovese crime family since at least the mid 1960s. It has also been used in the Detroit crime family and"
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"himself the right to act in the event of a crisis that threatened the family. Although he ordered three murders without Massino's knowledge, their closeness was such that no one questioned it. Longtime boss Phillip ""Rusty"" Rastelli died in 1991. On one of Vitale's visits to Massino in prison, Massino told Vitale, ""If Rastelli dies, make me boss."" Vitale complied and arranged a meeting at which Massino was acclaimed as the new boss. Massino was released on two years' supervised release in 1992; during that time, he could not associate with convicted mafiosi. With this in mind, he named Vitale"
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"term for any organized criminal network with similar structure, methods, and interests. Giovanni Falcone, the anti-Mafia judge murdered by the Mafia in 1992, however, objected to the conflation of the term ""Mafia"" with organized crime in general: According to Mafia turncoats (""pentiti""), the real name of the Mafia is ""Cosa Nostra"" (""Our Thing""). Italian-American mafioso Joseph Valachi testified before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the U.S. Senate Committee on Government Operations in 1963 (known as the Valachi hearings). He revealed that American mafiosi referred to their organization by the term ""cosa nostra"" (""our thing"" or ""this thing of ours"""
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"was 09813-050. Nicodemo Scarfo Nicodemo Domenic ""Little Nicky"" Scarfo (March 8, 1929 – January 13, 2017) was a member of the American Mafia who eventually became the boss of the Philadelphia crime family after the death of Angelo Bruno and Phil Testa. During his criminal career, Scarfo was described by some as psychotic, cruel and vicious. From many accounts of his former criminal associates who testified against him, he would want to murder someone if he was shown the slightest bit of disrespect or even if he was stared at. Scarfo orchestrated a particularly ruthless regime and ordered over a"
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"Semion Mogilevich Semion Yudkovich Mogilevich (, ""Semen Yudkovych Mohylevych"" ; born June 30, 1946) is a Ukrainian-born, Russian organized crime boss, believed by European and United States federal law enforcement agencies to be the ""boss of bosses"" of most Russian Mafia syndicates in the world. Mogilevich is believed to direct a vast criminal empire and is described by the FBI as ""the most dangerous mobster in the world."" He has been accused by the FBI of ""weapons trafficking, contract murders, extortion, drug trafficking, and prostitution on an international scale."" Mogilevich's nicknames include ""Don Semyon"" and ""The Brainy Don"" (because of"
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"United States in the 1950s, he could not announce his membership to his own mafioso father, but had to wait for a mafioso from the United States who knew of his induction to come to Sicily and introduce the son to the father. Mafiosi of equal status sometimes call each other """"compare"""", while inferiors call their superiors """"padrino"""". """"Compare"""" means ""comrade"", while ""Padrino"""" is the Italian term for ""godfather"". In November 2007, Sicilian police reported discovery of a list of ""Ten Commandments"" in the hideout of mafia boss Salvatore Lo Piccolo, thought to be guidelines on good, respectful, and honourable"
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"Kiss of death (mafia) The kiss of death (Italian: Il bacio della morte) is the sign given by a mafioso boss or capo that signifies that a member of the crime family has been marked for death, usually as a result of some perceived betrayal. How much is based on fact and how much on the imagination of authors, it remains a cultural meme and appears in literature and films. Illustrative is the scene in the film ""The Valachi Papers"" when Vito Genovese (Lino Ventura) gives the kiss of death to Joe Valachi (Charles Bronson) to inform him that his"
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"crime family"" from 1931 to 1957, when it was renamed after boss Vito Genovese. Originally in control of the waterfront on the West Side of Manhattan and the Fulton Fish Market, the family was run for years by ""the Oddfather"", Vincent ""the Chin"" Gigante, who feigned insanity by shuffling unshaven through New York's Greenwich Village wearing a tattered bath robe and muttering to himself incoherently to avoid prosecution. The Genovese family is the oldest and the largest of the ""Five Families"". Finding new ways to make money in the 21st century, the family took advantage of lax due diligence by"
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"Caporegime A caporegime or capodecina, usually shortened to just a capo, is a rank used in the Mafia (both the Sicilian Mafia and Italian-American Mafia) for a ""made member"" of the crime family who heads a ""crew"" of soldiers and has major social status and influence in the organization. ""Caporegime"" is an Italian word, which is used to signify the head of a family in Sicily, but has now come to mean a ranking member, similar to captain or senior sergeant in a military unit. In general, the term indicates the head of a branch of an organized crime syndicate"
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What legendary tribe of fierce female warriors reportedly amputated a breast in order to better wield a bow?
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"near modern Iquitos, and then followed the upper Amazon, now known as the Solimões, for a further to its confluence with the Rio Negro (near modern Manaus), which they reached on 3 June 1542. On the Nhamunda River, a tributary of the Amazon downstream from Manaus, Orellana's party had a fierce battle with warriors who, they reported, were led by fierce female warriors who beat the men to death with clubs if they tried to retreat. Orellana's men began referring to the women as Amazons, a reference to the tribe of women warriors from Greek mythology. Regarding the initial mission"
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"was of the Amazons, a tribe of fierce female warriors who socialized with men only for procreation and even removed one breast to become better warriors (the idea being that the right breast would interfere with the operation of a bow and arrow). The legend was a popular motif in art during Greek and Roman antiquity and served as an antithetical cautionary tale. Many women regard their breasts as important to their sexual attractiveness, as a sign of femininity that is important to their sense of self. Because breasts are mostly fatty tissue, their shape can -within limits- be molded"
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"bare and burning off one nipple to improve bow usage). In this version they also made drinking vessels from the skulls of the generals they captured to offer up sacrifices to the goddess Heeres or Diana, and showed them as a civilizing force of city builders willing to go to war to free the oppressed from injustice (noted in the work as unlike many men of the time who fought only for glory, defense or conquest). Among the most prominent of the Amazon queens were Lampetho, who was in charge of internal order among the Amazons, and Marpesia, who was"
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"and ardent"" to the point that he could rely on them more than the men on the journey. As a reward for their valor, the women were given land sticking out into the water, from which they later staged war and conquered the lands of Pontus and Cappadocia. These Amazons were rendered monstrous by their rage, allowed no trespassers on their lands. Their descendants later went on to conquer all of Asia Minor. They added to the legend of the better-known Greek legend of the Amazons (each capturing a man a month for reproduction, wearing men's clothes, leaving one breast"
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"scalp that she took was one of only eleven taken in the battle. Pretty Shield described her as having tied a feather on the end of her coup stick to symbolize her achievement. Later, she cut the scalp into pieces and gave them to the male warriors so they would have more scalps for the dance after the battle. The Other Magpie The Other Magpie was a Crow woman who fought in the Battle of the Rosebud on the side of General Crook against the Sioux and Cheyenne. Pretty Shield, a Crow author and medicine woman, described her as being"
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"several sub-tribes or bands, including the Saône, Brulé and Oglala. During this time the people adopted the use of horses and expanded their range in hunting the buffalo across their wide grazing patterns. The young man took his warrior name, Spotted Tail, after receiving a gift of a raccoon tail from a white trapper; he sometimes wore a raccoon tail in his war bonnet. He took part in the Grattan Massacre. Two of his sisters, Iron Between Horns and Kills Enemy, were married to the elder Crazy Horse, in what was traditional Sioux practice for elite men. Spotted Tail may"
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"massacre to remove the appearance that destiny had somehow treated these other married women differently and that they were special. Afterwards they then sued for peace with their enemies. To assure royal succession they then had intimate relations with the men of the adjacent areas and returned home after they knew they were pregnant. The babies that were males were killed immediately and the females were raised carefully to become outstanding warriors. The right breast of the young girls was bound or removed so that it did not hinder them from being excellent archers. The left breast was left intact"
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"pecks and walk 500 leagues per day. Moreover, Trinh had a beauty that could shake any man's soul. Because of repeated altercations, she killed her sister and went to a forest in which she gathered a small army and attacked the Chinese. When her brother tried to persuade her from rebelling, she told him: I only want to ride the wind and walk the waves, slay the big whales of the Eastern sea, clean up frontiers, and save the people from drowning. Why should I imitate others, bow my head, stoop over and be a slave? Why resign myself to"
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"by writers of antiquity is evidence that people of the same genetic pool migrated from Asia to North America. Contemporary literature say certain writers attribute Blemmyes' physique as an ability to raise both shoulders to an extraordinary height, and ensconcing their head in-between. Other explanations have been offered for the legend of their unusual physique. As noted earlier, native warriors perhaps employed the tactic of keeping head tucked close to the breast while marching with one knee on the ground. Or perhaps had the custom of carrying shields ornamented with faces. Europeans also formerly considered Blemmyes to be an exaggerated"
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"Flint Ridge, would be sacred ground. Many moons passed and the tribes heeded this warning. They shared this valuable resource, known as flint, and no blood was shed. The great chief Pawcongah, had a beautiful daughter named Ahyoma. Many braves wanted her hand in marriage. Her father said that the one that shall bring forth the greatest amount of scalps, would be given his daughter's hand in marriage. Many braves went into battle, but only two returned to claim the young girl's hand for his bride. The first Waconsta, who took from his belt his trophies and laid them one"
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"ripped off. Breast ripper The Breast Ripper, known in another form as the Iron Spider or simply The Spider, was a torture instrument mainly used on women who were accused of adultery or self-performed abortion. The instrument was designed to rip the breasts from a woman and was made from iron, which was usually heated. The Breast Ripper was often used heated during torture and it contained four claws, which were used to slowly rip the breasts from women for various crimes. The instrument would be imposed onto a single breast of the woman. They were designed to shred, or"
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"tattooed with black figures of various designs, and the lips and ears of both sexes were pierced. The men were brave fighters, their chief weapons being the bow and spear. Even Abipón women were reputedly aggressive and held considerable power in their people's religious rites. In battle the Abipones wore an armour of tapir's hide over which a jaguar's skin was sewn. The Abipones were good swimmers and horsemen. During the five months of the floods season, they lived on islands or even in shelters built in the trees. The Abipones seldom married before the age of thirty, and were"
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"her before the sacrifice in the weeks or months beforehand. Petalesharo’s father Knife Chief (""Lachelasharo"") opposed the ceremony, but the tribe ignored his concerns. The ritual had a long tradition and the people believed that their crops and hunting would suffer if the Morning Star did not receive a human sacrificial offering. The Comanche girl was tied to a pyre and prepared for execution when Petalesharo approached the warriors gathered for the ritual. Announcing that his father, also a chief, disapproved of the ceremony, he released the woman and led her away. Petalesharo gave the freed woman a horse and"
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"the ""Brute Instinct"". He is dressed in armor made from animal bones and is missing his lips, leaving a permanent macabre grin on his face. Medeia: A beautiful, female gladiator, nicknamed the ""Brilliant Goddess"", whose skill with two curved blades is both graceful and deadly. Medeia is said to be a descendant of the legendary Amazons. Blunt and quick-tempered, Medeia believes in fighting with honor. Along with her brothers and sisters, she was once a slave to a particularly cruel Roman patrician. As her family died one by one due to abuse by the patrician, Medeia killed her master in"
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"aid her Amazon sisters in the uneasy living conditions they continued to work in due to lingering animosities between the two tribes. Civil war eventually broke out between the two groups of Amazons, leaving Artemis to take up the title of her tribe's chief warrior, or Shim'Tar. She did this in the hopes of ending the war and to guide both tribes to peaceful negotiations. As Shim'Tar, Artemis battled Queen Hippolyta, who was acting as the newest Wonder Woman. During their battle, Artemis reminded Hippolyta that the Themyscirian queen was not given the armor of Wonder Woman out of honor,"
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"capped with vivid turbans and earrings of metal and seashells. For working or when expecting a fight, their pants were loose. The women wore similar loose pants, with or without skirts and tight-fighting jackets often open. They were ""born warriors"" and the steel weapons which they superbly crafted and had wielded with lightning speed and lethal dexterity for centuries, resulted in the formerly occupying Spanish generally leaving them alone to engage with relative impunity in piracy and robbing other tribes. Their razor-sharp, two-handed sword known as a barong could cleave a head in a stroke. For thrusting, they used the"
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"The Other Magpie The Other Magpie was a Crow woman who fought in the Battle of the Rosebud on the side of General Crook against the Sioux and Cheyenne. Pretty Shield, a Crow author and medicine woman, described her as being wild and attractive, but not having a man. She fought because her brother had recently been killed by the Sioux and she sought revenge against them. Most of the Crow carried rifles, but The Other Magpie carried only her belt knife and her coup stick. She counted coup on a Sioux warrior and eventually killed and scalped him. The"
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"occupied,"" said the chroniclers. The Coronado chroniclers described the Teyas as intelligent and formidable archers. One of them shot an arrow that passed through both shoulders of a bison, ""which would be a good shot for a musket."" The women were well-dressed and modest, covering their whole bodies by wearing a petticoat beneath a fringed cloak with sleeves. One of the women was ""as white as a Castillian lady except that she had her chin painted like a Moorish woman."" Coronado commented that they ""tattoo their bodies and faces, and are large people of very fine appearance."" One of the"
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"or buffalo skulls were added to the initiates' legs. After fainting, the warriors would be pulled down and the men (women were not allowed to attend this ceremony) would watch them until they awoke, proving the spirits' approval. Upon awakening, the warriors would offer the left little finger to the Great Spirit, whereupon a masked tribesman would sever it with a hatchet blow. Finally, participants would endure a grueling race around the village called ""the last race"", until the thongs tied to the buffalo skulls ripped out of their skin. Those finishing the ceremony were seen as being honored by"
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"Breast ripper The Breast Ripper, known in another form as the Iron Spider or simply The Spider, was a torture instrument mainly used on women who were accused of adultery or self-performed abortion. The instrument was designed to rip the breasts from a woman and was made from iron, which was usually heated. The Breast Ripper was often used heated during torture and it contained four claws, which were used to slowly rip the breasts from women for various crimes. The instrument would be imposed onto a single breast of the woman. They were designed to shred, or tear off"
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"the same quarry as men. Aeta women hunt in groups and with dogs, and have a 31% success rate as opposed to 17% for men. Their rates are even better when they combine forces with men: mixed hunting groups have a full 41% success rate among the Aeta."" Aeta women are known around the country as experts of the herbal medicines. A traditional form of visual art is body scarification. The Aetas intentionally wound the skin on their back, arms, breast, legs, hands, calves and abdomen, and then they irritate the wounds with fire, lime and other means to form"
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"was worn only by the Comanche. Comanche women did not let their hair grow as long as the men did. Young women might wear their hair long and braided, but women parted their hair in the middle and kept it short. Like the men, they painted their scalp along the parting with bright paint. Comanche men usually had pierced ears with hanging earrings made from pieces of shell or loops of brass or silver wire. A female relative would pierce the outer edge of the ear with six or eight holes. The men also tattooed their face, arms, and chest"
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"for ""good luck and a good life."" After that the ants, ""busy, powerful little people,"" were her medicine. As a medicine woman, Pretty Shield treated tribal illnesses with medicinal plants and often acted as a counselor. As was customary, she did not charge a fee but was paid in gifts, including tobacco, elks' teeth, buffalo robes, and food. Pretty Shield's Crow clan, the Sore Lips, had inhabited southeastern Montana for generations. The Crow were regularly at war with the Sioux, Arapahoe, Cheyenne, and Blackfoot tribes. The Crows' bravery is evident in their survival despite being drastically outnumbered by the Native"
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"hair up. Another dagger that Mackenzie obtained from a Haida village was said to be connected to a Haida legend; many daggers had individual histories which made them unique from one another. The Haida wore rod-and-slat armour. This meant greaves for the thighs and lower back and slats (a long strip of wood) in the side pieces to allow for more flexibility during movement. They wore elk hide tunics under their armour and wooden helmets. Arrows could not penetrate this armour, and Russian explorers found that bullets could only penetrate the armour if shot from a distance of less than"
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"Zannah, now called Zealot and two of her fellow Coda generals, Andromache and Artemis, started training human Coda Warriors, giving birth to the myth of the Amazons. They established a hidden Coda city on Mt. Themyscira in Greece. Kenesha took the name Savant, but had no desire to join the Coda. As the Earthborn sisterhood are not born immortals, the immortal members take part in a ""Blood Dance"" with the newer members worthy of being called Coda Warriors. In the ritual they cut each other in a ritualistic dance and rub each other's wounds, thus mingling the blood, transferring the"
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"raises his sword and yells out ""Vive le Roi!"" (Long live the King!) in victory. Winner: French Musketeers Comanche Team: Joaquin Gonzalez (Comanche Horseman), Jay Redhawk (Master Horse Archer)<br> Comanche Weapons: War Hawk, War Lance, Bow & Arrow, Scalping Knife<br> Comanche Armor: Hair Pipe Breastplate, Buffalo Hide Shield<br> Comanche Statistics: Circa 1840, ""Height"": 5 Feet 9 Inches, ""Weight"": 145 Pounds, ""Armor"": Buffalo Hide Shield and Bone Armor Mongol Team: Munkhtur Luvsanjambaa (Native Mongol Historian), Jason Nguyen (Asian Combat Expert)<br> Mongol Weapons: Flanged Mace, Glaive, Bow & Arrow, Ild<br> Mongol Armor: Leather Lamellar, Leather Shield<br> Mongol Statistics: Circa 1225, ""Height"": 5"
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"a skirt made of Spanish moss or other plant fibers. The men painted their bodies with red ochre and placed feathers in their hair when they prepared for battle. The men smoked tobacco in ceremonial rituals, including ones for healing. The Apalachee scalped opponents whom they killed, exhibiting the scalps as signs of warrior ability. Taking a scalp was a means of entering the warrior class, and was celebrated with a scalp dance. The warriors wore headdresses made of bird beaks and animal fur. The village or clan of a slain warrior was expected to avenge his death. The Apalachee"
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"armoured sleeve or badge. The Navajo people have developed highly ornamented bracers as non-functional items of adornment. Some archers (nearly all female archers) wear protection on their chests, called chestguards or plastrons. The myth of the Amazons was that they had one breast removed to solve this problem. Roger Ascham mentions one archer, presumably with an unusual shooting style, who wore a leather guard for his face. The drawing digits are normally protected by a leather tab, glove, or thumb ring. A simple tab of leather is commonly used, as is a skeleton glove. Medieval Europeans probably used a complete"
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"with twine. As a rule head coverings were made from elk hide, sometimes placed in several layers thick. Notably Shasta women could join in both preparations for an upcoming attack and as active participants in the battle itself. Dixon recorded in such instances women would be armed with obsidian knives and attempt to disarm or destroy the weapons of enemy combatants. Armed warriors came largely from the Klamath River and Ahotireitsu Shasta in conflicts with the Modoc. These clashes have been speculated to have been the most violent for the Shasta by scholars. While disputes and raids occurred with the"
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"cover their chests, which, in many cases, were adorned with tattoos. In cold weather, men would cover their chests with deerskin capes. Both sexes wore deerskin moccasins. Warriors shaved their head or wore what would now be considered a ""mohawk"" haircut. In times of conflict, a warrior employued bow and arrow, war club, and often a shield. Since the Kechemeche lived close to the shores of Delaware Bay, they collected what are now known as ""Cape May diamonds,"" or tumbled quartz, along the beaches. These they considered to have supernatural powers and used them for trading with other tribes, as"
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"her heart by the man who captured her while simultaneously another man struck her over the head with the war club from the Morning Star bundle. The dead girl's chest would then be cut open by the priest with a flint knife while her captor caught her blood on dried meat. (""A very small cut is made ... The heart is not exposed or removed."") All male members of the tribe would then press forward and shoot arrows into the dead body, then circle the scaffold four times and disperse. By shooting arrows into her body, the village men, as"
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"had stolen one of her hairs to string his hunting bow. Although strong enough to string a bow with, her hair was not invulnerable; indeed, making use of Dali's hair to threaten, harm, or kill her was a recurring motif in stories about her. Multiple tales depict hunters grabbing or cutting Dali's hair in order to subdue and rape her. This tactic did not necessarily prevent the goddess from taking revenge at a later date. In a story about Dali's Mingrelian equivalent, the goddess agrees to become a hunter's wife when he threatens to cut off her luxurious hair. Later,"
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"shooting invisible arrows, Artemis the goddess of hunting. Heracles and Odysseus and other mythological figures are often depicted with a bow. During the invasion of India, Alexander the Great personally took command of the shield-bearing guards, foot-companions, archers, Agrianians and horse-javelin-men and led them against the Kamboja clans—the Aspasioi of Kunar valleys, the Guraeans of the Guraeus (Panjkora) valley, and the Assakenois of the Swat and Buner valleys. The early Romans had very few archers, if any. As their empire grew, they recruited auxiliary archers from other nations. Julius Caesar's armies in Gaul included Cretan archers, and Vercingetorix his enemy"
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What color consists of the longest wavelengths of lights visible by the human eye?
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"be detected in astronomical objects by emission lines and absorption lines. The shifting of spectral lines can be used to measure the Doppler shift (red shift or blue shift) of distant objects. Visible spectrum The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nanometers. In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 430–770 THz. The spectrum does not contain all"
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"Visible spectrum The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nanometers. In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 430–770 THz. The spectrum does not contain all the colors that the human eyes and brain can distinguish. Unsaturated colors such as pink, or purple variations like magenta, for example, are absent because they can only be made from a"
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"ephemeral moving images, which could have triggered and reinforced ground breaking modes of thought, forms of representation, and belief in otherworldly realms. Visible light, a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, encompasses wavelengths between 380-750 nanometers, which humans perceive as the colors of the spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. Light behaves according to a well-defined set of rules: it travels in straight lines, unless otherwise refracted or reflected by another object, or curved by gravity. An eye is essentially a darkened chamber with a small hole in front that allows light to enter. The lens, just"
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"is one of the seven spectral colors described by Isaac Newton in 1672. Violet light is at the higher end of the visible spectrum, with a wavelength ~380-450 nanometers (in experiments, people have so far seen to 310 nm). Light with a shorter wavelength than violet but longer than X-rays and gamma rays is called ultraviolet. Violet objects are normally composed-light violet. Objects reflecting spectral violet appear very dark, because human vision is relatively insensitive to those wavelengths. Monochromatic lamps emitting spectral-violet wavelengths can be roughly approximated by the color named electric violet, which is a composed-light violet producing a"
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"Light Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The word usually refers to visible light, which is the visible spectrum that is visible to the human eye and is responsible for the sense of sight. Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometres (nm), or 4.00 × 10 to 7.00 × 10 m, between the infrared (with longer wavelengths) and the ultraviolet (with shorter wavelengths). This wavelength means a frequency range of roughly 430–750 terahertz (THz). The main source of light on Earth is the Sun. Sunlight provides the"
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"human visual system is a very small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. A rainbow shows the optical (visible) part of the electromagnetic spectrum; infrared (if it could be seen) would be located just beyond the red side of the rainbow with ultraviolet appearing just beyond the violet end. Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 380 nm and 760 nm (400–790 terahertz) is detected by the human eye and perceived as visible light. Other wavelengths, especially near infrared (longer than 760 nm) and ultraviolet (shorter than 380 nm) are also sometimes referred to as light, especially when the visibility to humans"
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"The science of color is sometimes called chromatics, colorimetry, or simply color science. It includes the study of the perception of color by the human eye and brain, the origin of color in materials, color theory in art, and the physics of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range (that is, what is commonly referred to simply as ""light""). Electromagnetic radiation is characterized by its wavelength (or frequency) and its intensity. When the wavelength is within the visible spectrum (the range of wavelengths humans can perceive, approximately from 390 nm to 700 nm), it is known as ""visible light"". Most light"
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"the three kinds allows the brain to differentiate a wide gamut of different colors, while being most sensitive (overall) to yellowish-green light and to differences between hues in the green-to-orange region. As an example, suppose that light in the orange range of wavelengths (approximately 577 nm to 597 nm) enters the eye and strikes the retina. Light of these wavelengths would activate both the medium and long wavelength cones of the retina, but not equally—the long-wavelength cells will respond more. The difference in the response can be detected by the brain, and this difference is the basis of our perception"
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"when passed through a dispersive prism, could be recombined to make white light by passing them through a different prism. The characteristic colours are, from long to short wavelengths (and, correspondingly, from low to high frequency), red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. Sufficient differences in wavelength cause a difference in the perceived hue; the just-noticeable difference in wavelength varies from about 1 nm in the blue-green and yellow wavelengths, to 10 nm and more in the longer red and shorter blue wavelengths. Although the human eye can distinguish up to a few hundred hues, when those pure spectral colors"
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"color of the beam that is seen. Colors with a shorter wavelength, such as blue and green, scatter more strongly, and are removed from the light that finally reaches the eye. At sunrise and sunset, when the path of the sunlight through the atmosphere to the eye is longest, the blue and green components are removed almost completely, leaving the longer wavelength orange and red light. The remaining reddened sunlight can also be scattered by cloud droplets and other relatively large particles, which give the sky above the horizon its red glow. Lasers emitting in the red region of the"
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"visible spectrum is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen by the human eye. The wavelength of visible light ranges from 390 to 700 nm. The absorption spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies or wavelengths of incident radiation that are absorbed by the compound due to electron transitions from a lower to a higher energy state. The emission spectrum refers to the spectrum of radiation emitted by the compound due to electron transitions from a higher to a lower energy state. Light from many different sources contains various colors, each"
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"best pick up a certain wavelength (420, 530 and 560 nm or roughly the colours blue, green and red). The brain is able to distinguish the wavelength and colour in the field of vision by figuring out which cone has been stimulated. The physical dimensions of colour include wavelength, intensity and purity while the related perceptual dimensions include hue, brightness and saturation. Primates are the only mammals with colour vision. The Trichromatic theory was proposed in 1802 by Thomas Young. According to Young, the human visual system is able to create any colour through the collection of information from the"
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"Blue Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model. It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light. The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres. Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet. The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering. An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes."
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"vary in their exact chemical composition due to genetic mutation; different individuals will have cones with different color sensitivity. Destruction of the cone cells from disease would result in color blindness. Humans normally have three types of cones. The first responds the most to light of long wavelengths, peaking at about 560 nm ; this type is sometimes designated L for long. The second type responds the most to light of medium-wavelength, peaking at 530 nm, and is abbreviated M for medium. The third type responds the most to short-wavelength light, peaking at 420 nm, and is designated S for"
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"spaces for more details. The choice of primary colors is related to the physiology of the human eye; good primaries are stimuli that maximize the difference between the responses of the cone cells of the human retina to light of different wavelengths, and that thereby make a large color triangle. The normal three kinds of light-sensitive photoreceptor cells in the human eye (cone cells) respond most to yellow (long wavelength or L), green (medium or M), and violet (short or S) light (peak wavelengths near 570 nm, 540 nm and 440 nm, respectively). The difference in the signals received from"
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"with heat, activity, passion, sexuality, anger, love and joy. In China, India and many other Asian countries it is the color of symbolizing happiness and good fortune. The human eye sees red when it looks at light with a wavelength between approximately 625 and 740 nanometers. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the light just past this range is called infrared, or below red, and cannot be seen by human eyes, although it can be sensed as heat. In the language of optics, red is the color evoked by light that stimulates neither the S"
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"the dark-adapted human eye is greatest at about 507nm, a blue-green color, while the light-adapted eye is most sensitive about 555nm, a yellow-green; these are the peak locations of the rod and cone (scotopic and photopic, respectively) luminosity functions. The perception of greenness (in opposition to redness forming one of the opponent mechanisms in human color vision) is evoked by light which triggers the medium-wavelength ""M"" cone cells in the eye more than the long-wavelength ""L"" cones. Light which triggers this greenness response more than the yellowness or blueness of the other color opponent mechanism is called green. A green"
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"is based upon the varying sensitivity of different cells in the retina to light of different wavelengths. Humans are trichromatic—the retina contains three types of color receptor cells, or cones. One type, relatively distinct from the other two, is most responsive to light that is perceived as blue or blue-violet, with wavelengths around 450 nm; cones of this type are sometimes called ""short-wavelength cones"", ""S cones"", or ""blue cones"". The other two types are closely related genetically and chemically: ""middle-wavelength cones"", ""M cones"", or ""green cones"" are most sensitive to light perceived as green, with wavelengths around 540 nm, while"
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"a shorter wavelength, such as blue and green, scatter more strongly, and are removed from the light that finally reaches the eye. At sunrise and sunset, when the path of the sunlight through the atmosphere to the eye is longest, the blue and green components are removed almost completely, leaving the longer wavelength orange, red and pink light. The remaining pinkish sunlight can also be scattered by cloud droplets and other relatively large particles, which give the sky above the horizon a pink or reddish glow. Raw beef is red, because the muscles of vertebrate animals, such as cows and"
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"light source typically has a spectral power distribution dominated by energy with a wavelength of roughly 487570 nm. Human eyes have color receptors known as cone cells, of which there are three types. In some cases, one is missing or faulty, which can cause color blindness, including the common inability to distinguish red and yellow from green, known as deuteranopia or redgreen color blindness. Green is restful to the eye. Studies show that a green environment can reduce fatigue. In the subtractive color system, used in painting and color printing, green is created by a combination of yellow and blue,"
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"the spectra (425-490 nm) and the other in the near UV (320-380 nm). Insects and shrimp, members of the fish food chain, have blue, green (530 nm) and near UV receptors. In fact, some aquatic animals have up to ten different classes of visual pigment in their eyes. By comparison, humans have three with maximum sensitivities in the blue (442 nm), green (543 nm) and yellow (570 nm). It is the differential responses of these receptor cells that enable color vision. It has been known for a long time that a light attracts fish, shrimp and insects at night. But"
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"the eye contained nerve fibers which were sensitive to three different colors. This foreshadowed the modern understanding of color vision, in particular the finding that the eye does indeed have three color receptors which are sensitive to different wavelength ranges. At about the same time as Young discovered additive colors, another British scientist, David Brewster (1781–1868), the inventor of the kaleidoscope, proposed a competing theory that the true primary colors were red, yellow, and blue, and that the true complementary pairs were red–green, blue–orange, and yellow–purple. Then a German scientist, Hermann von Helmholtz, (1821–1894), resolved the debate by showing that"
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"and John Guild. The experimental results were combined into the specification of the CIE RGB color space, from which the CIE XYZ color space was derived. The CIE 1931 color spaces are still widely used, as is the 1976 CIELUV color space. The human eye with normal vision has three kinds of cone cells that sense light, having peaks of spectral sensitivity in short (""S"", – ), middle (""M"", – ), and long (""L"", – ) wavelengths. These cone cells underlie human color perception in conditions of medium and high brightness; in very dim light color vision diminishes, and the"
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"yourself [many wreaths] of violets and roses."" Violet (color) Violet is the color at the end of the visible spectrum of light between blue and the invisible ultraviolet. Violet color has a dominant wavelength of approximately 380-450 nanometers. Light with a shorter wavelength than violet but longer than X-rays and gamma rays is called ultraviolet. In the color wheel historically used by painters, it is located between blue and purple. On the screens of computer monitors and television sets, a color which looks similar to violet is made, with the RGB color model, by mixing red and blue light, with"
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"wavelengths. Since blue light is at the short-wavelength end of the visible spectrum, it is more strongly scattered in the atmosphere than long-wavelength red light. The result is that when looking toward parts of the sky other than the sun, the human eye perceives them to be blue. The color perceived is similar to that obtained by a monochromatic blue of a wavelength of mixed with white light, ""i.e."", an unsaturated blue light. The explanation of the blue color by Rayleigh in 1871 is one of the most famous examples of the application of dimensional analysis in solving a problem"
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"most national and corporate leaders. Violet is at one end of the spectrum of visible light, between blue and the invisible ultraviolet. It has the shortest wavelength of all the visible colors. It is the color the eye sees looking at light with a wavelength of between 380 and 450 nanometers. In the traditional color wheel used by painters, violet and purple lie between red and blue. Violet is inclined toward blue, while purple is inclined toward red. Violet colors composed by mixing blue and red light are within the purple colors (the word ""purple"" is used in the common"
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"vision in the dark. Several closely related opsins differ only in a few amino acids and in the wavelengths of light that they absorb most strongly. Humans have eight other opsins besides rhodopsin, as well as cryptochrome (light-sensitive, but not an opsin). The photopsins are found in the cone cells of the retina and are the basis of color vision. They have absorption maxima for yellowish-green (photopsin I), green (photopsin II), and bluish-violet (photopsin III) light. The remaining opsin, melanopsin, is found in photosensitive ganglion cells and absorbs blue light most strongly. In rhodopsin, the aldehyde group of retinal is"
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"was considered the most successful astronomical satellite ever. The human eye can perceive light with wavelengths between roughly 350 (violet) and 700 (red) nanometres. Ultraviolet light has wavelengths between roughly 10 nm and 350 nm. UV light can be harmful to human beings, and is strongly absorbed by the ozone layer. This makes it impossible to observe UV emission from astronomical objects from the ground. Many types of object emit copious quantities of UV radiation, though: the hottest and most massive stars in the universe can have surface temperatures high enough that the vast majority of their light is emitted"
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"is not relevant. White light is a combination of lights of different wavelengths in the visible spectrum. Passing white light through a prism splits it up into the several colors of light observed in the visible spectrum between 400 nm and 780 nm. If radiation having a frequency in the visible region of the EM spectrum reflects off an object, say, a bowl of fruit, and then strikes the eyes, this results in visual perception of the scene. The brain's visual system processes the multitude of reflected frequencies into different shades and hues, and through this insufficiently-understood psychophysical phenomenon, most"
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"of 2018 there is no medical entity offering this treatment, and no clinical trials available for volunteers. The retina of the human eye contains photoreceptive cells called cones that allow color vision. A normal trichromat individual possesses three different types of cones to distinguish different colors within the visible spectrum from 380 nm to 740 nm. The three types of cones are designated L, M, and S cones, and each type is sensitive to a certain range of wavelength of light depending on what photopigment it contains. More specifically, the L cone absorbs around 560 nm, the M cone absorbs"
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"this word in English is from ""The Epinal Glossary"" in 700. Yellow is found between green and orange on the spectrum of visible light. It is the color the human eye sees when it looks at light with a dominant wavelength between 570 and 590 nanometers. In color printing, yellow is one of the three colors of ink, along with magenta and cyan, which, along with black, can be overlaid in the right combination, along with black, to print any full color image. (See the CMYK color model). A particular yellow is used, called Process yellow (also known as ""pigment"
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"Red Red is the color at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan. Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy. The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused"
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"land vertebrates, including humans (specifically, UVB). The UV spectrum thus has effects both beneficial and harmful to human health. Ultraviolet rays are invisible to all humans, although insects, birds, and some mammals can see near-UV. Ultraviolet rays are invisible to most humans. The lens of the human eye blocks most radiation in the wavelength range of 300–400 nm; shorter wavelengths are blocked by the cornea. Humans lack color receptor adaptations for ultraviolet rays. Nevertheless, the photoreceptors of the retina are sensitive to near-UV, and people lacking a lens (a condition known as aphakia) perceive near-UV as whitish-blue or whitish-violet. Under"
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Which space shuttle disintegrated over Texas on Feb 1, 2003, resulting in the loss of all 7 crew members?
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"Space Shuttle Columbia disaster On February 1, 2003, the Space Shuttle ""Columbia"" disintegrated upon reentering Earth's atmosphere, killing all seven crew members. The disaster was the second fatal accident in the Space Shuttle program after Space Shuttle ""Challenger"", which broke apart and killed the seven-member crew 73 seconds after liftoff in 1986. During the launch of STS-107, ""Columbia""'s 28th mission, a piece of foam insulation broke off from the Space Shuttle external tank and struck the left wing of the orbiter. A few previous shuttle launches had seen damage ranging from minor to nearly catastrophic from foam shedding, but some"
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"Space Shuttle Challenger disaster On January 28, 1986, the NASA shuttle orbiter mission STS-51-L and the tenth flight of (OV-99) broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, killing all seven crew members, which consisted of five NASA astronauts and two payload specialists. The spacecraft disintegrated over the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Cape Canaveral, Florida, at 11:39 EST (16:39 UTC). The disintegration of the vehicle began after a joint in its right solid rocket booster (SRB) failed at liftoff. The failure was caused by the failure of O-ring seals used in the joint that were not designed to handle"
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"can be heard in the soundtrack of Stage 2, several times. History Channel released a documentary titled ""Days That Shaped America""; the first episode was about the disaster and it was aired on 28 January 2018. Space Shuttle Challenger disaster On January 28, 1986, the NASA shuttle orbiter mission STS-51-L and the tenth flight of (OV-99) broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, killing all seven crew members, which consisted of five NASA astronauts and two payload specialists. The spacecraft disintegrated over the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Cape Canaveral, Florida, at 11:39 EST (16:39 UTC). The disintegration of"
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"on August 11, 1985. The mission insignia was designed by Houston artist Skip Bradley. Space Shuttle ""Challenger"" is depicted ascending toward the heavens in search of new knowledge in the field of solar and stellar astronomy, with its Spacelab 2 payload. The constellations Leo and Orion are shown in the positions they were in relative to the Sun during the flight. The nineteen stars indicate that the mission is the 19th shuttle flight. C. Gordon Fullerton died on August 21, 2013, aged 76. Karl Gordon Henize died October 5, 1993 on an expedition to Mount Everest studying the effects of"
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"discontinued development. There were unresolved problems with the repair tools and techniques; also further tests indicated the tiles were unlikely to come off. The first shuttle mission did suffer several tile losses, but they were in non-critical areas, and no ""zipper effect"" occurred. On February 1, 2003, the Space Shuttle ""Columbia"" was destroyed on reentry due to a failure of the TPS. The investigation team found and reported that the probable cause of the accident was that during launch, a piece of foam debris punctured an RCC panel on the left wing's leading edge and allowed hot gases from the"
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"aboard the Space Shuttle ""Columbia"" were killed on reentry after completing a successful mission in space on 1 February 2003. A wing leading edge reinforced carbon-carbon heat shield had been damaged by a piece of frozen external tank foam insulation which broke off and struck the wing during launch. Hot reentry gasses entered and destroyed the wing structure, leading to breakup of the orbiter vehicle. There are two basic choices for an artificial atmosphere: either an Earth-like mixture of oxygen in an inert gas such as nitrogen or helium, or pure oxygen, which can be used at lower than standard"
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"Shuttle orbiter fleet. Sources: NASA launch manifest, NASA Space Shuttle archive On January 28, 1986, ""Challenger"" disintegrated 73 seconds after launch due to the failure of the right SRB, killing all seven astronauts on board. The disaster was caused by low-temperature impairment of an O-ring, a mission critical seal used between segments of the SRB casing. Failure of the O-ring allowed hot combustion gases to escape from between the booster sections and burn through the adjacent external tank, causing it to explode. Repeated warnings from design engineers voicing concerns about the lack of evidence of the O-rings' safety when the"
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"a result. On January 28, 1986, McAuliffe boarded ""Challenger"" with the other six crew members of STS-51-L. Just 73 seconds into its flight at an altitude of 48,000 feet, the shuttle broke apart, resulting in the deaths of all seven crew members. According to NASA, it was in part because of the excitement over her presence on the shuttle that the accident had such a significant effect on the nation. Many schoolchildren were viewing the launch live, and media coverage of the accident was extensive. The Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle ""Challenger"" Accident—also known as the Rogers Commission—was formed"
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"STS-51-L STS-51-L was the 25th mission of the United States Space Shuttle program, as well as the final flight of the Space Shuttle ""Challenger"". Planned as the first Teacher in Space Project in addition to observing Halley's Comet for six days, a structural failure during its ascent phase 73 seconds after launch on January 28, 1986, from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 killed all seven crew members—Commander Dick Scobee, Pilot Michael J. Smith, Mission Specialists Ellison S. Onizuka, Judith A. Resnik and Ronald E. McNair, and Payload Specialists Gregory Jarvis and Christa McAuliffe—and destroyed the orbiter. Immediately after the"
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"g-force loading on the human body that led to the cancellation of the Firestone Firehawk 600 CART race. Brown flew aboard Space Shuttle ""Columbia"" on STS-107, logging 15 days, 22 hours, and 20 minutes in space from January 16 to February 1, 2003. The flight was a dedicated science and research mission. Working 24 hours a day, in two alternating shifts, the crew successfully conducted approximately 80 experiments. The mission ended abruptly on February 1, 2003, when ""Columbia""'s crew perished during entry, 16 minutes before the scheduled landing. As the lone unmarried member of the STS-107 crew, brown had previously"
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"in space, Christa McAuliffe, is followed by a symbolic apple. STS-51-L STS-51-L was the 25th mission of the United States Space Shuttle program, as well as the final flight of the Space Shuttle ""Challenger"". Planned as the first Teacher in Space Project in addition to observing Halley's Comet for six days, a structural failure during its ascent phase 73 seconds after launch on January 28, 1986, from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 killed all seven crew members—Commander Dick Scobee, Pilot Michael J. Smith, Mission Specialists Ellison S. Onizuka, Judith A. Resnik and Ronald E. McNair, and Payload Specialists Gregory"
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"crew of two. Less than a year after the accident, President Bush announced the Vision for Space Exploration, calling for the space shuttle fleet to complete the ISS, with retirement by the year 2010 following the completion of the ISS, to be replaced by a newly developed Crew Exploration Vehicle for travel to the Moon and Mars. NASA planned to return the space shuttle to service around September 2004; that date was pushed back to July 2005. On July 26, 2005, at 10:39 am EST, Space Shuttle ""Discovery"" cleared the tower on the ""Return to Flight"" mission STS-114, marking the"
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"landing at Edwards, the orbiter was flown back to the KSC on the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, a specially modified Boeing 747. The first orbiter, ""Enterprise"", was built in 1976, used in Approach and Landing Tests and had no orbital capability. Four fully operational orbiters were initially built: ""Columbia"", ""Challenger"", ""Discovery"", and ""Atlantis"". Of these, two were lost in mission accidents: ""Challenger"" in 1986 and ""Columbia"" in 2003, with a total of fourteen astronauts killed. A fifth operational (and sixth in total) orbiter, ""Endeavour"", was built in 1991 to replace ""Challenger"". The Space Shuttle was retired from service upon the conclusion"
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"loss of Space Shuttle ""Columbia"" in 2003. No mission of this type was launched during the Space Shuttle program. The orbiter and four of the crew which were due to fly the next planned mission would be retasked to the rescue mission. The planning and training processes for a rescue flight would allow NASA to launch the mission within a period of 40 days of its being called up. During that time the damaged (or disabled) shuttle's crew would have to take refuge on the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS is able to support both crews for around 80"
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"overhauled under the service life extension program after ""Constellation"", but she was decommissioned 9 August 1996 instead, during a time of budget cuts after the Cold War. ""America"" was in very poor condition when she was decommissioned, and therefore despite her historical significance was not held as a donation asset. She was expended as a live-fire target and sunk on 14 May 2005. ""Constellation"" was decommissioned 7 August 2003. ""John F. Kennedy"" was decommissioned on 23 March 2007. Only ""Kitty Hawk"" remained in service as of early 2008 and was replaced by as the forward-deployed carrier in Japan. ""Kitty Hawk"""
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"Shuttle ""Columbia"" disaster. The Shuttle fleet lost two orbiters and 14 astronauts in two disasters: ""Challenger"" in 1986, and ""Columbia"" in 2003. While the 1986 loss was mitigated by building the Space Shuttle ""Endeavour"" from replacement parts, NASA did not build another orbiter to replace the second loss. NASA's Space Shuttle program had 135 missions when the program ended with the successful landing of the Space Shuttle ""Atlantis"" at the Kennedy Space Center on July 21, 2011. The program spanned 30 years with over 300 astronauts sent into space. The International Space Station (ISS) combines NASA's ""Space Station Freedom"" project"
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"as ""Challenger""s replacement, and was first launched in 1992. In 2003, ""Columbia"" was destroyed during re-entry, leaving just three remaining orbiters. ""Discovery"" completed its final flight on March 9, 2011, and ""Endeavour"" completed its final flight on June 1, 2011. ""Atlantis"" completed the last ever Shuttle flight, STS-135, on July 21, 2011. In addition to their crews and payloads, the reusable orbiter carried most of the Space Shuttle System's liquid-fueled rocket propulsion system, but both the liquid hydrogen fuel and the liquid oxygen oxidizer for its three main rocket engines were fed from an external cryogenic propellant tank. Additionally, two"
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"wreckage of the Space Shuttle ""Challenger"" after its destruction in 1986. One of the submersibles discovered the solid rocket booster with the faulty seal that had caused the shuttle to explode. The submersible and its research program were featured in a ""Voice of America"" story in 2005. In 2010, Harbor Branch sold the ""Seward Johnson"", the ship outfitted to deploy the submersibles, and laid off the submersibles' crew and support staff in July 2011, ending their operation. Johnson Sea Link Johnson Sea Link was a type of deep-sea scientific research submersible built by Edwin Albert Link. Link built the first"
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"Space Congress in Houston, Texas, ""It turned out that it was practically impossible to create a reliable temperature control system in such limited time constraints."" Over five months later, after 2,570 orbits, Sputnik 2—including Laika's remains—disintegrated during re-entry on 14 April 1958. Due to the overshadowing issue of the Soviet vs. U.S. Space Race, the ethical issues raised by this experiment went largely unaddressed for some time. As newspaper clippings from 1957 show, the press was initially focused on reporting the political perspective, while the health and retrieval—or lack thereof—of Laika only became an issue later. Sputnik 2 was not"
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"to be alive on April 28, 2003. The worms were part of a biological research in canisters experiment designed to study the effect of weightlessness on physiology; the experiment was conducted by Cassie Conley, NASA's planetary protection officer. Debris Search Pilot Jules F. Mier Jr. and Debris Search Aviation Specialist Charles Krenek died in a helicopter crash that injured three others during the search. Some Texas residents recovered some of the debris, ignoring the warnings, and attempted to sell it on the online auction site eBay, starting at $10,000. The auction was quickly removed, but prices for ""Columbia"" merchandise such"
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"shuttle Columbia completed a 12-day, 50-mile expedition in the Wind River Mountains of Wyoming with NOLS Professional Training. These same seven crewmembers were the crew on the space shuttle Columbia that broke up upon returning to Earth on February 1, 2003. When on the course, the crewmembers commented on the group cohesion the course helped them develop, as well as the similarities to space flight: “we spent a whole lot of time together as a team solving problems without any other outside influences, which is similar to the way that it will be in space,” said crewmember Laurel Clark. NOLS"
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"Decaying Orbit (film) Decaying Orbit is a 2007 independent film directed by Tim Pyle and produced by Hogofilm, LLC., a production company in Southern California. It was filmed in the San Fernando Valley, with hundreds of computer graphics (CG) special effects produced in-house by Hogofilm. When a mysterious explosion destroys a space station on the edge of the galaxy, five survivors manage to board an escape shuttle. Left adrift without communications, food or any means of leaving the system, the survivors are forced to work together to survive. But soon evidence surfaces that one of them may actually be the"
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"the original instruments) being replaced by the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). This meant that COSTAR was no longer required, since all new instruments had built-in correction for the main mirror aberration. The mission also revived NICMOS by installing a closed-cycle cooler and replaced the solar arrays for the second time, providing 30 percent more power. Plans called for Hubble to be serviced in February 2005, but the ""Columbia"" disaster in 2003, in which the orbiter disintegrated on re-entry into the atmosphere, had wide-ranging effects on the Hubble program. NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe decided that all future shuttle missions had"
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"buried in Rest Lawn Memorial Park in Lake City, South Carolina. Christa McAuliffe's remains are buried at Calvary Cemetery in her hometown of Concord, New Hampshire. Gregory Jarvis was cremated, and his ashes scattered in the Pacific Ocean. Unidentified crew remains were buried communally at the Space Shuttle ""Challenger"" Memorial in Arlington on May 20, 1986. As a result of the disaster, several National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) satellites that only the shuttle could launch were grounded because of the accident. This is a dilemma NRO had feared since the 1970s when the shuttle was designated as the United States' primary"
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"Braniff Flight 542 Braniff International Airways Flight 542, a Lockheed L-188 Electra, registration N9705C, was a scheduled domestic flight from Houston, Texas, bound for New York with scheduled stops in Dallas and Washington, D.C. On September 29, 1959, 23 minutes into the 41-minute flight from Houston to Dallas Love Field, the aircraft disintegrated in mid-air approximately southeast of Buffalo, Texas, killing everyone on board. Identifying the cause of the disaster proved difficult, as the accident had occurred before the age of cockpit voice recorders. The Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) investigated the accident and, after interviewing numerous eyewitnesses and examining the"
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"the Boston Naval Shipyard for an extensive overhaul and hull repairs. ""Essex"" was scheduled to be the prime recovery carrier for the ill-fated ""Apollo 1"" space mission. It was to pick up Apollo1 astronauts north of Puerto Rico on 7March 1967 after a 14-day spaceflight. However, the mission did not take place because on 27January 1967, the ""Apollo1""s crew was killed by a flash fire in their spacecraft on LC-34 at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. ""Essex"" was the prime recovery carrier for the ""Apollo 7"" mission. She recovered the ""Apollo 7""s crew on 22October 1968 after a"
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"(1961–2003), an American astronaut and pilot of STS-107, who died in the Space Shuttle ""Columbia"" disaster on 1 February 2003. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 6 August 2003 (). The following asteroids were named in memory of the other six ""Columbia"" crew members: 51823 Rickhusband, 51824 Mikeanderson, 51825 Davidbrown, 51826 Kalpanachawla, 51827 Laurelclark and 51828 Ilanramon. 51829 Williemccool 51829 Williemccool, provisional designation , is a Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 2 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 21 July 2001, by astronomers of the Near-Earth Asteroid"
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"Louisiana. Various notable places that had debris included Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches and several casinos in Shreveport, Louisiana. Along with pieces of the shuttle and bits of equipment, searchers also found human body parts, including arms, feet, a torso, and a heart. In the months after the disaster, the largest-ever organized ground search took place. Thousands of volunteers descended upon Texas to participate in the effort to gather the Shuttle's remains. According to Mike Ciannilli, Project Manager of the Columbia Research and Preservation Office, ""[these people] put their life on hold to help out the nation's space"
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"as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flights. Thorne was killed in an aircraft accident of a stunt plane -in which he was a passenger- on May 24, 1986. The stunt plane crashed while performing maneuvers near Santa Fe, Texas, killing Thorne and a NASA engineer. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Received Navy Commendation Medal in January 1986. Stephen Thorne (astronaut) Stephen Douglas Thorne (February 11, 1953 – May 24, 1986), (Lt Cmdr, USN), was an American naval officer and aviator, test pilot and a NASA astronaut candidate. He was born on February 11, 1953, in Frankfurt, West"
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"three equal periods, each marked by a single problem or event of overriding importance:; in the period December 2001 through January 2003, O'Keefe eliminated a $5 billion cost overrun in the construction of the International Space Station. In 2003 the Space Shuttle ""Columbia"" accident and its aftermath. From January 2004 through February 2005, O'Keefe re-organized NASA to start working on President George W. Bush's newly announced Vision for Space Exploration to send humans to the Moon and Mars. One of O'Keefe's most controversial decisions occurred in January 2004, when he cancelled an upcoming Space Shuttle mission to service the aging"
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"But that all came to an end with the tragic loss of the ""Challenger"" (STS-51-L) on January 28, 1986, taking with it seven astronauts, including Christa McAuliffe, who was to have been the first teacher in space. In full view of the world, a faulty O-ring on the right solid rocket booster allowed hot gases to burn through the external fuel tank and cause it to explode, destroying the shuttle in the process. Extensive efforts were made to improve NASA's increasingly careless management practices, and to make the shuttle safer. Flights resumed with the launch of ""Discovery"" in September 1988."
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"Hadley Rille on the Moon, placed by the ""Apollo 15"" mission in 1971. Texas Tech University dedicated an Electrical Engineering Research Laboratory building in Bassett's honor in November 1996. In attendance that day, in addition to university administrators and NASA officials, was fellow Texas Tech graduate and future NASA astronaut Rick Husband, who would himself die in the February 2003 Space Shuttle ""Columbia"" accident. Charles Bassett Charles Arthur ""Charlie"" Bassett II, Major, USAF (December 30, 1931 – February 28, 1966) was an American electrical engineer and United States Air Force test pilot. He was selected as a NASA astronaut in"
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"Space Center outside Houston, Texas. The replica shuttle was stripped of the name ""Explorer"" as part of the dismantling process. Upon arriving in the Houston area by barge on June 1, 2012, the shuttle was taken to the Johnson Space Center dock on Clear Lake, and preparations were made to move the shuttle to Space Center Houston during the early morning hours. As with Florida, several light poles along NASA Parkway were taken down and trees trimmed back to allow passage. The shuttle was moved by another 144-wheel trailer down the closed highway to the visitor center. Johnson Space Center"
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What was the eastern starting point of the Oregon Trail?
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"as the Oregon National Historic Trail). Initially, the main ""jumping off point"" was the common head of the Santa Fe Trail and Oregon Trail—Independence, Missouri/Kansas City, Kansas. Travelers starting in Independence had to ferry across the Missouri River. After following the Santa Fe trail to near present-day Topeka, Kansas, they ferried across the Kansas River to start the trek across Kansas and points west. Another busy ""jumping off point"" was St. Joseph, Missouri—established in 1843. In its early days, St. Joseph was a bustling outpost and rough frontier town, serving as one of the last supply points before heading over"
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"southwest to an area now shared by Utah, Nevada and Arizona. It crossed southern Nevada and passed through the Mojave Desert to San Gabriel Mission and Los Angeles The Oregon Trail, the longest of the overland routes used in the westward expansion of the United States, was first traced by explorers and fur traders for traveling to the Oregon Country. The main route of the Oregon Trail stopped at the Hudson's Bay Company Fort Hall, a major resupply route along the trail near present-day Pocatello and where the California Trail split off to the south. Then the Oregon Trail crossed"
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"attracted thousands of settlers from the eastern United States, mainly the Upland South borderlands of Missouri, Iowa, and the Ohio Valley. Many of these emigrants followed the Oregon Trail, a trail across western North America that began at Independence, Missouri, and ended at various locations near the mouth of the Willamette River. Although people had been traveling to Oregon since 1836, large-scale migration did not begin until 1843, when nearly 1,000 pioneers headed westward. Over the next 25 years, some 500,000 settlers traveled the Oregon Trail, braving the rapids of the Snake and Columbia Rivers to reach the Willamette Valley."
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"Oregon Coast Trail The Oregon Coast Trail (OCT) is a long-distance hiking route along the Pacific coast of Oregon in the United States. It follows the coast of Oregon from the mouth of the Columbia River to the California border south of Brookings. The trail was envisioned in 1959 by Samuel N. Dicken, a University of Oregon geography professor, approved in 1971 by the Oregon Recreation Trails Advisory Council and developed and managed by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department as part of the state park system of Oregon. The walking length of the trail varies depending on choice of"
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"The Oregon Trail (TV series) The Oregon Trail is an American western television series that aired on NBC from September 21 until October 26, 1977, starring Rod Taylor as widower Evan Thorpe who leaves his Illinois farm in 1842 to take the Oregon Trail to the Pacific Northwest. The show also stars Andrew Stevens, Tony Becker, and Gina Marie Smika as Thorpe's children. Darleen Carr stars as Margaret Devlin, one of the passengers on the wagon train, and Charles Napier portrays Luther Sprague, a frontier scout recruited by Thorpe. The series was filmed in the Flagstaff, Arizona area. The following"
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"the route went through or near modern-day Ashland, Grants Pass,Roseburg, Oregon Eugene, Salem and Portland. The trail used the valleys of the Willamette, Umpqua, Rogue, Klamath, Shasta and Sacramento rivers to make the connection between Oregon and California, and to traverse the rugged mountains of Northern California and Southern Oregon (Siskiyou Mountains). The trail crested at the Siskiyou Summit (elevation ) just north of the Oregon-California border, and went past or near landmarks such as Mount Shasta, Upper Soda Springs, Castle Crags and Sutter Buttes. Between 1869 and 1887, the Oregon & California Railroad Company built a railroad along this"
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"train was organized in Independence, Missouri, a wagon trail had been cleared to Fort Hall, Idaho. Trails were cleared further and further west, eventually reaching all the way to the Willamette Valley in Oregon. This network of wagon trails leading to the Pacific Northwest was later called the Oregon Trail. The eastern half of the route was also used by travelers on the California Trail (from 1843), Mormon Trail (from 1847), and Bozeman Trail (from 1863) before they turned off to their separate destinations. In the ""Wagon Train of 1843"", some 700 to 1,000 emigrants headed for Oregon; missionary Marcus"
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"to the south, but it represented a major milestone in the trip. In 1848, Congress created the Oregon Territory which included all the territory in Wyoming west of the Continental Divide. Crossing South Pass meant that the settlers had truly arrived in the Oregon Territory, though their ultimate destination was still a great distance away. Nearby Pacific Springs offered the first water since the trail had left the Sweetwater River and marked the beginning of a relatively dry stretch of trail until the settlers reached the Green River more than away. Leaving Pacific Springs, the trail moves southwest alongside Pacific"
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"many of the rivers and mountains in the Intermountain West and Pacific Northwest they often kept diaries of their travels and were available as guides and consultants when the trail started to become open for general travel. The fur trade business wound down to a very low level just as the Oregon trail traffic seriously began around 1840. In fall of 1823, Jedediah Smith and Thomas Fitzpatrick led their trapping crew south from the Yellowstone River to the Sweetwater River. They were looking for a safe location to spend the winter. Smith reasoned since the Sweetwater flowed east it must"
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"Country (today's Oregon, Washington, and Idaho; much of today's British Columbia; and parts of Montana and Wyoming). In 1841, the United States Exploring Expedition visited the west coast of North America by ship, and sent an overland party down the Siskiyou Trail, from the site of today's Portland, Oregon, to San Francisco. Americans continued arriving on the west coast of North America in significant numbers in the mid-1830s. They first came overland along the Oregon Trail, settling primarily in the rich Willamette Valley south of today's Portland. By 1841, the first overland party of American settlers reached California along what"
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"man rendezvous was held in Wyoming. The gatherings continued annually until 1840, with the majority of them held within Wyoming territory. The route later known as the Oregon Trail was already in regular use by traders and explorers in the early 1830s. The trail snakes across Wyoming, entering the state on the eastern border near the present day town of Torrington following the North Platte River to the current town of Casper. It then crosses South Pass, and exits on the western side of the state near Cokeville. In 1847, Mormon emigrants blazed the Mormon Trail, which mirrors the Oregon"
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"St. Joseph, and Omaha. The Oregon Trail's nominal termination point was Oregon City, at the time the proposed capital of the Oregon Territory. However, many settlers branched off or stopped short of this goal and settled at convenient or promising locations along the trail. Commerce with pioneers going further west helped establish these early settlements and launched local economies critical to their prosperity. At dangerous or difficult river crossings, ferries or toll bridges were set up and bad places on the trail were either repaired or bypassed. Several toll roads were constructed. Gradually the trail became easier with the average"
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"Elliott Cutoff The Elliott Cutoff was a covered wagon road that branched off the Oregon Trail at the Malheur River where present-day Vale, Oregon, United States is today. The first portion of the road was originally known as the Meek Cutoff after Stephen Meek, a former trapper who led over 1,000 emigrants into the Harney Basin in 1845. There were considerable difficulties for the 1845 train, and after reaching a hill known as Wagontire, the people left Meek and split into groups. They turned north at the Deschutes River and finally returned to the traditional Oregon Trail near The Dalles."
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"Oregon Skyline Trail The Oregon Skyline Trail is a long-distance trail in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. The trail extends from Cascade Locks on the Columbia River south to Siskiyou Summit near the Oregon-California border. The century-old trail is a foot and equestrian path that passes through nine wilderness areas, Crater Lake National Park, and Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument. Historically known as the Oregon Skyline Trail or Skyline Trail, the entire length of the trail was incorporated into the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail in 1968. The Oregon Skyline Trail was established in 1920 when a United States Forest Service team"
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"In 1853, another group left the Oregon Trail at Vale. This emigration was led by Elijah Elliott who followed, with some exceptions, Meek's 1845 route. But instead of turning north at the Deschutes River, Elliott turned south and traveled up the Deschutes about 30 miles where a newly built trail had been prepared for the wagon train. This new road crossed the Cascades near present-day Willamette Pass and was known as the Free Emigrant Road. No toll would be collected on this road. As emigrants came to Oregon, the majority traveled on the Oregon Trail to the Portland area. It"
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"Meek Cutoff The Meek Cutoff was a covered wagon road that branched off the Oregon Trail in northeastern Oregon and was used as an alternate emigrant route to the Willamette Valley in the mid-19th century. The road was named for frontiersman Stephen Meek, who was hired to lead the first wagon train along it in 1845. The journey was a particularly hard one, and many of the pioneers lost their lives. Starting where the Oregon Trail leaves the Snake River Plain and heads northwest toward the Columbia River Gorge (the general route of modern Interstate 84), Meek's party intended to"
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"mountains in the Intermountain West and Pacific Northwest, they often kept diaries of their travels and were available as guides and consultants when the trail started to become open for general travel. The fur trade business wound down to a very low level just as the Oregon trail traffic seriously began around 1840. In fall of 1823, Jedediah Smith and Thomas Fitzpatrick led their trapping crew south from the Yellowstone River to the Sweetwater River. They were looking for a safe location to spend the winter. Smith reasoned since the Sweetwater flowed east it must eventually run into the Missouri"
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"the Oregon Trail northwest to join the Columbia River, Clark headed west until he could steer towards the mountains known as the Three Sisters in the Cascade Range. According to the story, the Clark company was the first group of whites to camp by the Deschutes River on the future site of Pioneer Park in Bend, Oregon. Menefee argues persuasively that Clark followed the usual Oregon trail in 1851 and the story has been confused with the 1853 trip of Thomas and Charles Clark when they crossed eastern Oregon south of the Blue Mountains with the ""Lost Wagon Train"" following"
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"the Oregon Trail), before turning westward to attack the mineral-rich Nevada and California. He planned to take minimal supplies along with him, intending to live off the land and to capture the stockpiles of supplies at Union forts and depots along the Santa Fe Trail. Once these territories had been secured, Sibley intended to take the northern Mexican states of Chihuahua, Sonora, and Lower California, either through purchase or by invasion. On December 20, 1861, General Sibley, in command of the Army of New Mexico, issued a proclamation taking possession of New Mexico in the name of the Confederate States."
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"near Siskiyou Summit. This route would have kept the trail primarily on public lands. However, by 1945 the trail had been oriented in a more southerly direction, primarily along unpaved roads and through private property, to Copco Lake in northern California. Here the trail was connected to a path that continued the Pacific Crest Trail System south into California. In 1973, the announced route of the newly designated Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail showed the trail once again oriented southwest from Old Baldy and on to Siskiyou Summit. Siskiyou Summit is identified as the southern terminus of the Oregon Section"
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"at Fort Vancouver near today's Portland, Oregon. From this base HBC trapping parties traveled throughout the Cascades in search of beaver and other fur-bearing animals. For example, using what became known as the Siskiyou Trail, Hudson's Bay Company trappers were the first non-natives to explore the southern Cascades in the 1820s and 1830s, establishing trails which passed near Crater Lake, Mount McLoughlin, Medicine Lake Volcano, Mount Shasta, and Lassen Peak. The course of political history in the Pacific Northwest saw the spine of the Cascade Range being proposed as a boundary settlement during the Oregon Dispute of 1846. The United"
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"Oregon Trail at Red Buttes, near Fort Caspar in central Wyoming, and headed in a northwestern direction. The trail crossed Badwater Creek near present-day Lysite, Wyoming, and followed Bridger Creek into the Bridger Mountains located just to the west of the southern end of the Bighorn Mountains. After cresting the range, the trail led down along the Kirby Creek drainage to where it meets the Bighorn River near the current town of Lucerne. From there, the trail turned north and follows the Bighorn River. At the mouth of the Nowood River the trail turned northeast and headed toward the Greybull"
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"Washington, Oregon (whose name derives from the Spanish ""Orejón"", but could also derive from ""Aragón"", which is further reinforced by the participation of Aragon soldiers in the expedition), Idaho, Montana (whose name derives from the Spanish ""Montaña"" (mountain)), and Wyoming. Thus, the Spanish explorer Manuel Lisa, first settler of Nebraska, left St. Louis, Missouri to head northwest toward Montana, inaugurating the Oregon Trail. The Spanish moved since the Missouri to eastern Montana, and along the Yellowstone to western and southern Montana. Between 1779 and 1783 several Spanish troops helped to the Americans in their fight against the British Crown´s troops"
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"trail at Fort Hall; alternately, a branch trail headed almost due south to meet the main trail near the present town of Soda Springs, Idaho. Numerous landmarks are located along the trail in Wyoming including Independence Rock, Ayres Natural Bridge and Register Cliff. In 1847, Brigham Young and the Mormon pioneers departed from the Oregon Trail at Fort Bridger in Wyoming and followed (and much improved) the rough trail originally recommended by Lansford Hastings to the Donner Party in 1846 through the Wasatch Mountains into Utah. After getting into Utah they immediately started setting up irrigated farms and cities—including Salt"
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"River. It rejoined the trail near present-day Ontario, Oregon. It hugged the southern edge of the Snake River canyon and was a much rougher trail with poorer water and grass, requiring occasional steep descents and ascents with the animals down into the Snake River canyon to get water. Travellers on this route avoided two dangerous crossings of the Snake River. In present-day Idaho, the state highway ID-78 roughly follows the path of the South Alternate route of the Oregon Trail. In 1869, the Central Pacific established Kelton, Utah as a railhead and the terminus of the western mail was moved"
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"in the 1850s, especially by the Mormon companies. Immediately after crossing the Sweetwater at Burnt Ranch the trail crosses the continental divide at South Pass, unarguably the most important landmark on the entire trail. South Pass itself is an unimpressive open saddle between the Wind River Range to the north and the Antelope Hills to the south, but it represented a major milestone in the trip. In 1848, Congress created the Oregon Territory which included all the territory in Wyoming west of the Continental Divide. Crossing South Pass meant that the settlers had truly arrived in the Oregon Territory, though"
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"Siskiyou Trail The Siskiyou Trail stretched from California's Central Valley to Oregon's Willamette Valley; modern-day Interstate 5 follows this pioneer path. Originally based on existing Native American foot trails winding their way through river valleys, the Siskiyou Trail provided the shortest practical travel path between early settlements in California and Oregon. The earliest European or American visitors along the Siskiyou Trail were likely hunters and trappers connected with the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) who, in the 1820s, began to travel the rivers of Southern Oregon and Northern California in search of fur and pelts. The HBC had established itself on"
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"Bridger Trail The Bridger Trail, also known as the Bridger Road and Bridger Immigrant Road, was an overland route connecting the Oregon Trail to the gold fields of Montana. Gold was discovered in Virginia City, Montana in 1863, prompting settlers and prospectors to find a trail to travel from central Wyoming to Montana. In 1863, John Bozeman and John Jacobs scouted the Bozeman Trail, which was a direct route to the Montana gold fields through the Powder River Country. At the time the region was controlled by the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho, who stepped up their raids in response to"
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"small time slot the travelers had to spread out to find clean water, wood, good campsites, and grass. The dust kicked up by the many travelers was a constant complaint, and where the terrain would allow it there may have been between 20 and 50 wagons traveling abreast. Remnants of the trail in Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming, Idaho, and Oregon have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and the entire trail is a designated National Historic Trail. Initially, the main ""jumping off point"" was the common head of the Santa Fe Trail and Oregon trail—Independence, and Kansas City."
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"the Snake River Plain of present-day southern Idaho and the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon before reaching the Willamette Valley. It was the only practical way for settlers in wagons without tools, livestock, or supplies to cross the mountains and usually thought critical to the colonization of the American West. Some of the first to travel the Oregon Trail were Christian missionaries, members of the Methodist Episcopal Church who established the Methodist Mission in 1834. Even though they didn't make many converts, they were impressed by the short amount of time needed to reach the Pacific Coast. Rumors about how"
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"the United States. Not all who began the journey reached their destination as there was much suffering and death along the way—by one estimate, 20,000 people lie in unmarked graves. Ohio-born farmer Ezra Meeker (1830–1928) traveled the Oregon Trail in 1852; he and his young wife and infant child went by ox-drawn wagon from Iowa to Oregon Territory. In his old age, he came to believe that the Oregon Trail, and the sacrifice of those who had died along it, were being forgotten. Amid considerable publicity as one of the last survivors of the pioneers who had blazed the way"
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"Bozeman Trail The Bozeman Trail was an overland route connecting the gold rush territory of Montana to the Oregon Trail. Its most important period was from 1863–68. Despite its name, ""the major part of the route in Wyoming used by all Bozeman Trail travelers in 1864 was pioneered by Allen Hurlbut"". Many miles of the Bozeman Trail in present Montana followed the tracks of Bridger Trail, opened by Jim Bridger in 1864. The flow of pioneers and settlers through territory of American Indians provoked their resentment and caused attacks. The challengers to the route were newly arrived Lakotas and their"
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"to rich farmlands west of the Rocky Mountains. From the early to mid-1830s (and particularly through the years 1846–69) the Oregon Trail and its many offshoots were used by about 400,000 settlers, farmers, miners, ranchers, and business owners and their families. The eastern half of the trail was also used by travelers on the California Trail (from 1843), Mormon Trail (from 1847), and Bozeman Trail (from 1863), before turning off to their separate destinations. Use of the trail declined as the first transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869, making the trip west substantially faster, cheaper, and safer. Today, modern highways,"
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What flavor is the 80 proof liqueur Grand Marnier, used in such drinks at a B-52?
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"Grand Marnier Grand Marnier () Cordon Rouge is an orange-flavored liqueur created in 1880 by Alexandre Marnier-Lapostolle. It is made from a blend of Cognac brandy, distilled essence of bitter orange, and sugar. Grand Marnier Cordon Rouge is 40% alcohol (70 proof in UK, 80 proof in US). Aside from Cordon Rouge, the Grand Marnier line includes other liqueurs, most of which can be consumed ""neat"" as a cordial or a digestif, and can be used in mixed drinks and desserts. In France this kind of use is the most popular, especially with Crêpes Suzette and ""crêpes au Grand Marnier""."
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"B-52 (cocktail) The B-52 (also B52 or Bifi or Bifty) cocktail is a layered shot composed of a coffee liqueur (Kahlúa), an Irish cream (Baileys Irish Cream), and a Grand Marnier (in later versions replaced with triple sec or Cointreau). When prepared properly, the ingredients separate into three distinctly visible layers (due to their relative densities). The name refers to the band The B-52s and not the US B-52 Stratofortress bomber. The B-52 is that was invented by Peter Fich, a head bartender at the Banff Springs Hotel in Banff, Alberta. He named all of his new drinks after favourite"
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"temperature will not ignite easily, so it should be warmed up beforehand or topped with an additional layer of a dark overproof rum with 65-85% alcohol by volume. Such a preparation can be referred to as a ""B-52 On a Mission"". B-52 (cocktail) The B-52 (also B52 or Bifi or Bifty) cocktail is a layered shot composed of a coffee liqueur (Kahlúa), an Irish cream (Baileys Irish Cream), and a Grand Marnier (in later versions replaced with triple sec or Cointreau). When prepared properly, the ingredients separate into three distinctly visible layers (due to their relative densities). The name refers"
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"designation (see variations below for a small sampling). Altogether, the drinks are referred to as the ""B-50 series"" of layered cocktails. The drink became a North London favourite in late 2009 when Arsenal striker Nicklas Bendtner changed his shirt number from 26 to 52, earning himself the nickname ""B52"" in the process. There are special machines that can prepare a B-52 (or other multi-layered cocktails) in only a few seconds. However, an experienced bartender usually relies on the traditional, hand-made preparation. This method of the preparation is called ""building"", as opposed to blending or shaking, thus, B-52s are ""built."" B-52s"
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"are usually served in a shot glass or sherry glass, although a heatproof glass is required when a ""flaming B-52"" is served. First, a coffee liqueur, such as Tia Maria or Kahlúa, is poured into the glass. Next, Bailey's Irish Cream is poured very slowly over the back of a cold bar spoon, taking care to avoid disturbing the lower layer as the second liquor is poured on top. Just as carefully, Grand Marnier is poured atop the Irish Cream using the bar spoon. The drink is sometimes made with a shaker and served in a cocktail glass, although this"
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"France and liquor stores in Quebec, Canada and the Netherlands. Grand Marnier is used in several kinds of pastries, such as liquor cream buns. It can also be used in the French Christmas dessert known as ""Bûche de Noël"" (Yule log). It is frequently used in recipes for cranberry sauce, as sweetness and citrus can be a contrast to the bitterness of cranberries. It is also an ingredient for the preparation of flambé dishes, such as Crêpes Suzette, Grand Marnier soufflé and crème brûlée. It can also be used in the sauce of the ""Canard à l'Orange"" roasted duck dish."
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"It can be simply drizzled over vanilla ice cream. It can also be used in some fruitcake recipes instead of brandy. Grand Marnier can be used in mixed drinks. Some examples of these include the Cosmopolitan, Margarita, Sangria, Sidecar, Dirty Harry, Grand Mimosa, B-52, the Grand Marnier Smash, The Grand Smash, The Smash Marnier, The Bloody Smash, The Maced Marnier, The Ace Marnier Smash, Frosty Smash, The Smace, The Grand Hound, The Blood Pug, The Clarke, The Nogley and the Grand Marnier Fireball. In many mixed drinks, such as the Cosmo and the Margarita, it can be used as an"
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"bands, albums and songs. This drink was, of course, named after the band of the same name. One of his first customers for a B-52 owned restaurants in various cities in Alberta and liked the drink so much that he put it on the menu. This is why this, the first shooter, is commonly believed to originate at the Keg Steakhouse in Calgary, Alberta in 1977. The B-52 is also rumoured to have been created by Adam Honigman, a bartender at New York City's Maxwell's Plum. The B-52's widespread popularity has resulted in many variations, each earning a slightly different"
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"is less traditional. For a Flaming B-52, the top layer is ignited, producing a blue flame. Filling the glass to the top reduces the amount of glass exposed to the flames, making the glass less likely to break, but the drink is easier to spill. It is best to leave the flaming B-52 on the bartop and drink it through a straw. Once lit, the drink should be finished quickly to avoid overheating the glass and burning the straw. Unless the flame is extinguished before drinking, a fireproof straw—such as one made of metal—may be preferred. Triple Sec at room"
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"Navan liqueur Navan (nah-váhn), is a vanilla liqueur produced by the House of Grand Marnier. Navan's name stands for ""Natural Vanilla"". The vanilla beans are imported from Madagascar. Alexandra Marnier Lapostolle, current president of Marnier-Lapostolle North America and creator of Casa Lapostolle Wines, chose the natural vanilla flavor to create Navan, a new liqueur founded on Grand Marnier's success. Navan launched in 2004 in the USA, where it is distributed by Moet Hennessy USA. It is also available in Canada and the Caribbean. In 2008 Navan introduced a revised, less sweet formula, based on feedback from bartenders and chefs. By"
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"the Battle of Jarnac (1569). He purchased the metal flask and registered the rights for its reproduction. In 1874, in honour of the House’s 150th anniversary, he designed a glass replica of the flask to use as the vessel for his best cognac. Today, each crystal decanter is handmade by French crystal manufacturers: Baccarat, Saint-Louis, and Cristallerie de Sèvres. Louis XIII is bottled in several sizes: Classic (700 ml or 750ml [USA]), Magnum (1.5L or 1.75L [USA]), Miniature (50ml), Jeroboam (3L), and Mathusalem (6L) formats. Rare Cask 42.6 is distinguished by its alcohol content at 42.6% ABV rather than the"
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"of Drambuie and Grand Marnier into a snifter. The mixture is set alight, and after a few seconds, extinguished by having the imbiber seal the top of the glass with their hand, although often a coaster or saucer is used instead. Once the flame is out, a straw is inserted, keeping as much of the seal intact as possible to contain the vapors. Both the liquid and the vapors are then consumed through the straw. Drambuie and Grand Marnier will be extremely difficult to ignite, if not impossible, so backdrafts are commonly done with 1 part Grand Marnier and 1"
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"and was seriously wounded, but escaped interrogation by the Gestapo. In 1945, he was made a knight of the Légion d'honneur and was elected to the position of mayor of Dijon and to the French National Assembly. He remained the mayor of Dijon up to his death in 1968. A local drink, then locally known as ""blanc-cassis"", consists of white burgundy wine, traditionally Aligoté, mixed with crème de cassis, a sweet, blackcurrant-flavored liqueur. Kir habitually served this local drink to delegations, and so the drink itself is now known internationally as a ""Kir"". Alternately, some contend that German soldiers confiscated"
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"liqueurs such as Galliano, Liquore Strega or Kräuterlikör, though it is distinctively more vegetal. Like other liqueurs, its flavour is sensitive to serving temperature. If straight, it can be served very cold, but is often served at room temperature. It is also featured in some cocktails. Some mixed drink recipes call for only a few drops of Chartreuse due to the assertive flavour. It is popular in French ski resorts where it is mixed with hot chocolate and called Green Chaud. According to tradition, a marshal of artillery to French king Henry IV, François Hannibal d'Estrées, presented the Carthusian monks"
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"Sesquicentennial Edition"") was created in 1977 to honor the 150th anniversary of the brand, and is currently the most expensive variety of Grand Marnier. It is made with up to 50-year-old cognacs in frosted glass bottles featuring hand-painted Art Nouveau decorations. In 2005 it was marketed with the slogan ""Hard to find, impossible to pronounce, and prohibitively expensive."" Cuvée Louis-Alexandre Marnier-Lapostolle is a special selection of cognacs taken from the best known districts (Grande Champagne, Petite Champagne, Borderies, Fins Bois and Bons Bois) and aged at length in oak casks. It is only available in duty-free shops in Canada and"
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"Smith in 2018, with Calipari to be honored for a second time in 2019. Maker's Mark Maker's Mark is a small-batch bourbon whiskey produced in Loretto, Kentucky, by Beam Suntory. It is bottled at 90 U.S. proof (45% alcohol by volume) and sold in distinctively squarish bottles sealed with red wax. The distillery offers tours, and is part of the American Whiskey Trail and the Kentucky Bourbon Trail. Maker's Mark's origin began when T. William ""Bill"" Samuels Sr., purchased the ""Burks' Distillery"" in Loretto, Kentucky, for $35,000 on October 1, 1953. Production began in 1954, and the first run was"
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"Robert Cooper agreed to work with Bacardi as a ""brand guardian"" and spokesperson. Robert Cooper died in 2016 at the age of 39. St-Germain (liqueur) St-Germain is an elderflower liqueur. It was originally created in 2007 and the brand is currently owned by Bacardi. Praised by ""The New York Times"" as having ""almost single-handedly invigorated the moribund liqueur category"", the spirit won the Grand Gold Medal at the Monde Selection in 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 and the ""Chairman's Award"" in the Liqueur category at the Ultimate Spirits Challenge 2010. St-Germain was created by distiller Robert Cooper and launched in"
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"processes and the same secret formula as the traditional liqueur, and by extra long aging in oak casks it reaches an exceptional quality. Chartreuse VEP comes in both yellow and green. Élixir Végétal de la Grande-Chartreuse (138 proof or 69% – also 142 proof or 71%) has the same base of about 130 medicinal and aromatic plants and flowers but is more alcoholic. It can be described as a cordial or a liqueur, and is claimed to be a tonic. Sold in small wood-covered bottles. Liqueur du 9° Centenaire (47%) was created in 1984 to commemorate the 900 year anniversary"
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"in 1950. The flavour incorporates ""cognac flavours among its tasting notes"" as Churchill was partial to brandy. In May 1951 two crates were delivered to Churchill's London home. In a thank-you letter Churchill called the drink ""Commemoration Lager"". In Denmark the drink was called (""Easter Brew""), but the Easter Brew has since been replaced by a weaker beer (). For the British market Carlsberg called the drink Special Brew and production was started in Northampton in the 1950s. At 8% alcohol (previously 9%), Special Brew is part of a group of strong lagers that are termed ""super-strength"" in the UK"
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"taste toward drier (less sweet) liqueurs, simply by blending Bénédictine with brandy. Originally both products were 43% alcohol by volume (86 proof), but are now 40% alcohol (80 proof). In 1977 the company introduced a 30% alcohol (60 proof) coffee liqueur which was called Café Bénédictine, a blend of Bénédictine and a coffee-flavoured liqueur, but it has been discontinued. The company also produces Bénédictine Single Cask, which comes in a unique black bottle and is only available at the Palais de la Bénédictine's store in Fécamp, Normandy, France. Bénédictine Bénédictine is a herbal liqueur produced in France. Flavored with some"
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"Beefeater Gin Beefeater Gin is a brand of gin owned by Pernod Ricard and bottled and distributed in the United Kingdom, by the company of James Burrough. Beefeater remained in the Burrough’s family control until 1987. It is a 47% alcohol product (94 proof) in the US, and a 40% alcohol product (80 proof) elsewhere in the world (including the UK) (note proof is calculated differently in the US from elsewhere). 40% alcohol is 80 proof in the US. The name refers to the Yeomen Warders who are the ceremonial guards of the Tower of London. The Beefeater distillery is"
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"the military until 1891, retiring after 44 years of military service. Pascal-Olivier de Negroni died on October 22, 1913, in Alençon a commune in Normandy, France, capital of the Orne department. In addition to his military accomplishments, Pascal Olivier has been credited with inventing the famous “Negroni Cocktail” (equal parts of Campari, Gin, and Sweet Vermouth, served in a short glass over ice and garnished with an orange wedge). Experts consider Camillo Negroni the inventor. However, Colonel Hector Andres Negroni and his brother Noel Xavier Negroni, members of the prestigious Negroni family recently researched the family archives and discovered there"
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"Major Grey's Chutney Major Grey's Chutney is a type of chutney, reputedly created by a 19th-century British Army officer of the same name who, though likely apocryphal, presumably lived in British India. Its characteristic ingredients are mango, raisins, vinegar, lime juice, onion, tamarind extract (occasionally), sweetening, and spices. It has been described as a mild chutney compared to others that have a spicier flavor profile. In 1982, Major Grey's Chutney was described as being the most popular type of chutney used in the United States. Commercial Major Grey's Chutney products typically contain similar ingredients, with some variations occurring in the"
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"bitters, then strained into a chilled cocktail glass. Over time the generally expected garnish became the drinker's choice of a green olive or a twist of lemon peel. A dry martini is made with dry, white vermouth. By the Roaring Twenties, it became common to ask for them. Over the course of the century, the amount of vermouth steadily dropped. During the 1930s the ratio was 3:1 (gin to vermouth), and during the 1940s the ratio was 4:1. During the latter part of the 20th century, 6:1, 8:1, 12:1, 15:1 (the ""Montgomery"", after British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery's supposed penchant"
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"in many areas there; these include the ""super-strength lagers"" such as Tennent's Super and Carlsberg Special Brew in the United Kingdom, and in France the ""bières fortes"" Amsterdam Navigator, Amsterdam Maximator and Bavaria 8.6; Arboga 10.2% of Sweden or Olvi Tuplapukki and Karhu Tosi Vahva in Finland or ""malt liquor""-labeled German brewer Spaten's Optimator, a doppelbock that weighs in at 7.6 ABV. There was a short lived fashion for brewing American style malt liquors in Britain in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Some of these were genuine American brands brewed under license, notably Colt 45, and some were simply"
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"and Waitrose stores), parts of Japan, the United States, Switzerland, Austria (at SPAR supermarkets), Argentina and in special food stores in Germany. The taste is mild and slightly apple-like, with a berry after-flavour. Carbonated water, sugar, (E150d) caramel colour, citric acid, (E211) sodium benzoate and (E202) potassium sorbate (preservatives), ascorbic acid (antioxidant), guaraná extract and natural flavours. One of Guaraná Antarctica's 2006 commercials featured Argentine football player Diego Maradona finding himself wearing the yellow jersey of the Brazilian team and singing the Brazilian national anthem before waking up and proclaiming it was a nightmare, because he had drunk too much"
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"Grey's Chutney, ""probably in the early 1800s"". Sn Major Grey's Chutney Major Grey's Chutney is a type of chutney, reputedly created by a 19th-century British Army officer of the same name who, though likely apocryphal, presumably lived in British India. Its characteristic ingredients are mango, raisins, vinegar, lime juice, onion, tamarind extract (occasionally), sweetening, and spices. It has been described as a mild chutney compared to others that have a spicier flavor profile. In 1982, Major Grey's Chutney was described as being the most popular type of chutney used in the United States. Commercial Major Grey's Chutney products typically contain"
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"in the US and throughout the world. The band The B-52's formed after the members shared a Flaming Volcano at a Chinese Restaurant in Athens GA, in early November 1976. Due to a lack of funds, the band had decided to share a cocktail rather than order any food. This is mentioned in the book ""The B-52's Universe"" by Mats Sexton. One version of the flaming volcano is prepared by blending the ingredients with ice as described in the box above. It is also served over ice. The base liquor is usually some form of rum, with brandy commonly added,"
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"40-ounce, 8.1% ABV variety is widely available throughout the US; however, some states require the beverage to be sold as a diluted 6.0% ABV and in Utah 3.2% ABW within accordance of state law. In 2016 a new lineup of fruit flavored 8.0% ABV 16 fl. oz. cans was introduced in the United States. Flavors include: BLK Berry, Hard Pineapple, Spiked Punch, Spiked Razz, and Spiked Watermelon. In 2012, Steel Reserve 8.1% ABV received the Gold medal in the category of 'American-Style Premium Lager or Specialty Lager' at the World Beer Cup. Additionally, the american malt liquor style ale has"
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"Bacon vodka Bacon vodka is vodka infused with bacon flavor, part of a larger trend of ""carnivorous cocktails"" and the addition of savory flavor to mixed drinks. The infused alcohol can be sipped but is typically used in mixed drinks like the Bloody Mary or bacon martini. Meat-infused beverages are not new to the cocktail world; one example is the ""Bull Shot"" at a favorite of Ernest Hemingway, Harry's Bar, in Venice, Italy, in the 1940s. These type of drinks have been referenced by writers as far back as the 17th century, including by John Locke and Samuel Pepys, who"
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"in a large cocktail glass, also called a ""martini glass"". For this reason, the drink is sometimes mistakenly categorized as a type of martini. The use of citrus flavored vodka as the basis for this cocktail appears to have been widely popularized in the mid 1990s by Dale DeGroff and is used in the IBA approved recipe. However, many bartenders continue to use a standard unflavored vodka and this alternative would undoubtedly be historically consistent with any of the supposed predecessors of this drink that were popular in Ohio, Provincetown, or Minneapolis during the 1970s, or in San Francisco during"
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"loss of wine and pressure. A mixture of wine, brandy and sugar is added to adjust the sweetness of the wine, making it dry, sweet, etc. The bottles are finally corked, labelled, packed and shipped. The company was awarded sustainability certification in 2014. Two hundred years after its creation, the house launched its “La Grande Dame” cuvée in 1972. It is produced from the company's finest Grand Cru vineyards, using two varieties of pinot noir and chardonnay. In 2008, cellar master Dominique Demarville decided to switch from a blend of 60% pinot noir and 40% chardonnay to nearly 100% pinot"
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"brandy, and honey. Its strength was 20 percent alcohol (40 proof), and it was sold in decorative faceted glass bottles of various sizes. The product's stay on the market lasted from 1992 to 1995. It was officially discontinued after 1997. In 2007, John Cooper (son of the US importer of the original product, N. J. Cooper) revived the name and idea by producing a new ginger liqueur called Canton Ginger & Cognac Liqueur. Canton Ginger Liqueur follows a new recipe and is produced in Jarnac, France. The new formula is 28 percent alcohol (56 proof), is golden in color, and"
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On Sept 14, 1814, during the war of 1812, the poem The Defence of Fort McHenry, later to be the lyrics of the Star Spangled Banner, was written by whom?
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"The Star-Spangled Banner ""The Star-Spangled Banner"" is the national anthem of the United States. The lyrics come from the Defence of Fort M'Henry, a poem written on September 14, 1814, by the then 35-year-old lawyer and amateur poet Francis Scott Key after witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry by British ships of the Royal Navy in Baltimore Harbor during the Battle of Baltimore in the War of 1812. Key was inspired by the large U.S. flag, with 15 stars and 15 stripes, known as the Star-Spangled Banner, flying triumphantly above the fort during the U.S. victory. The poem was set"
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"Fort McHenry and two smaller forts to the west, batteries Covington and Babcock. The British fought back strongly with cannon and rockets. (Watching the battle from a safe distance, Georgetown lawyer and poet, Francis Scott Key who had been attempting to free a Prince George's County doctor, arrested earlier for jailing British army deserters, William Beanes, was inspired to compose the poem, ""The Defence of Fort McHenry"", which was later set to music as ""The Star-Spangled Banner"", (the later American national anthem). Eventually American firepower prevailed; Napier was compelled to retire to the warships with substantial casualties, and Cochrane’s fleet"
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"was flying over the fort at daybreak on September 14, 1814, after the British had ceased firing on the fort. A diary entry from a British sub-altern on board ship and recently returned from the North Point battlefield, George Glebe, described that sunny morning when the Americans at the distant fort ""fired their (""wake-up"") morning gun salute and raised a splendid ensign"" over the battlements. While negotiating a prisoner exchange aboard a British ship, Francis Scott Key saw the flag, and this inspired him to pen the words to the poem ""The Defence of Fort McHenry"" that later became the"
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"a Spanish-language version from 1919. It has since been translated into Hebrew and Yiddish by Jewish immigrants, Latin American Spanish (with one version popularized during immigration reform protests in 2006), French by Acadians of Louisiana, Samoan, and Irish. The third verse of the anthem has also been translated into Latin. With regard to the indigenous languages of North America, there are versions and Cherokee. The Star-Spangled Banner ""The Star-Spangled Banner"" is the national anthem of the United States. The lyrics come from the Defence of Fort M'Henry, a poem written on September 14, 1814, by the then 35-year-old lawyer and"
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"at close range. He ordered a diversionary raid by boats to assist the army encamped near Baltimore in their proposed attack on Hampstead Hill (which they cancelled and withdrew), but this diversion had no success. In the bombardment of Fort McHenry, Cochrane's fleet used bomb vessels and a rocket ship for a long-range bombardment to minimize casualties and damage to the fleet from the fort's return fire, which inspired Francis Scott Key's poem that became ""The Star-Spangled Banner,"" the US national anthem. Cochrane led the British force that won the Battle of Lake Borgne, in Louisiana, in December 1814. His"
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"the British attack on the fort. When Key saw the flag emerge intact in the dawn of September 14, he was so moved that he began that morning to compose the poem ""Defence of Fort M'Henry"" that was later set to the tune ""To Anacreon in Heaven"" which would later be renamed ""The Star-Spangled Banner"" and become the United States' national anthem. During the American Civil War the area where Fort McHenry sits served as a military prison, confining both Confederate soldiers, as well as a large number of Maryland political figures who were suspected of being Confederate sympathizers. The"
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"Holliday Street visible behind the stands showing the famed Holliday Street Theatre, where in November 12, 1814, the new poem by Francis Scott Key, (1779–1843), ""The Defence of Fort McHenry"" was first performed on the stage and next door (to the north), Prof. Knapp's School [attended by famed writer/author/editor H. L. Mencken in the 1880s and the townhouses where the Loyola College and Loyola High School were founded in 1852, just to the left (south) next to the theatre was the vacant lot formerly housing the Theatre Tavern where the new song the ""Star-Spangled Banner"" was often sung to the"
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"September 1314,1814. At dawn, Key was able to see an American flag still waving. Back in Baltimore and inspired, Key wrote a poem about his experience, ""Defence of Fort M'Henry"", which was soon published in William Pechin's ""American and Commercial Daily Advertiser"" on September 21, 1814. He took it to Thomas Carr, a music publisher, who adapted it to the rhythms of composer John Stafford Smith's ""To Anacreon in Heaven"", a popular tune Key had already used as a setting for his 1805-song ""When the Warrior Returns"", celebrating U.S. heroes of the First Barbary War. (Key used the ""star-spangled"" flag"
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"USS Francis Scott Key (SSBN-657) USS ""Francis Scott Key"" (SSBN-657), a ballistic missile submarine, was the only submarine of the United States Navy to be named for Francis Scott Key (1779–1843), an American lawyer, author, and amateur poet who wrote the poem ""The Defense of Fort McHenry"", which became the words to the United States' national anthem, ""The Star-Spangled Banner"". During WW 2 there was a liberty ship USS Francis Scott Key 0016 The contract to build ""Francis Scott Key"" was awarded to the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation in Groton, Connecticut on 29 July 1963 and her"
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"""The Defence of Fort McHenry"" to what later became ""The Star-Spangled Banner"", when set a few days later to a musical tune popular with an old English gentlemen's society from the 18th century. It gained increasing popularity over the next 117 years, accepted by American armed forces bands by the 1890s and eventually proclaimed the national anthem of the United States by act of Congress, signed by the President, Herbert Hoover in 1931. Commemorations of the day of the victory, centering on Stricker's stand east of the city, began in the years shortly after the War. During the mid-19th century,"
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"""Defence of Fort McHenry,"" after witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry in the Chesapeake Bay during the War of 1812. Once again, owing to the origin of America from British nationals, the lyrics were later set to music common to British and American sailors, but eventually became world-famous as ""The Star-Spangled Banner,"" and was designated the United States' official national anthem in 1931. After centuries of struggling and fighting ""hostile"" Indians, diseases, and nature, Americans had breached the Appalachian mountain chain and pushed into the wide open areas of the far west. Thus, songs such as ""My Country, 'Tis of"
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"John Adams Webster John Adams Webster (1789–1877) was a captain in the United States Navy, who, as a young third lieutenant, heard the sound of the British oars as its small flotilla approach Fort McHenry in Baltimore, September 13, 1814. He remained in the battle in spite of being wounded twice and received commendations for this from the City of Baltimore and the State of Maryland. It was during this battle that Francis Scott Key wrote the “Star Spangled Banner”. Webster remained active in his military service serving as a captain in the Revenue Service until his death. John Adams"
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"the fort and penetrate the harbor, the attack was ended, and on the morning of September 14, when the battered flag still flew above the ramparts, it was clear that Fort McHenry remained in American hands. This revelation was famously captured in poetry by Key, an American lawyer, and amateur poet. Being held by the British on a truce ship in the Patapsco River, Key observed the battle from afar. When he saw the Garrison Flag still flying at the dawn of the morning of the 14th, he composed a poem he originally titled ""Defence of Fort M'Henry"". The poem"
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"stated in a speech in 1815 that the Treaty of Ghent was ""the glorious termination of the most glorious war ever waged by any people"", is the way that most Americans remembered the war. Another memory is the successful American defence of Fort McHenry in September 1814, which inspired the lyrics of the U.S. national anthem, ""The Star-Spangled Banner"". The successful captains of the U.S. Navy became popular heroes with plates with the likeness of Decatur, Issac Hull, Charles Stewart, and others becoming popular items. Ironically, many were made in England. The navy became a cherished institution, lauded for the"
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"Point on September 12, 1814, in the War of 1812 (later celebrated as a state, county, and city holiday as ""Defenders' Day"" - simultaneous with the bombardment of Fort McHenry from the Patapsco River on September 13-14th, and the inspiration for the writing of the National Anthem, """"The Star-Spangled Banner"""" by Francis Scott Key, 1779-1843). Henry Wells and Richard McComas have historically been given credit for shooting and killing the commanding British General Robert Ross and were later both killed in the following skirmish and battle. A memorial known as the ""Wells-McComas Monument"" to the two fallen Militia Soldiers/Deputies is"
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"commemorate ""Defenders' Day"" (a city, county, and state official holiday) of the British attack on Baltimore. The ""rockets red glare, the bombs bursting in air"" were lines of a poem, titled ""The Defence of Fort McHenry"", that soon appeared on printed broadsheets and handbills (from the offices of the ""Baltimore American"") all around town and was soon published in the ""Baltimore Patriot"". It was written by the noted poet and lawyer Francis Scott Key (1779–1843), of Frederick and Georgetown, who had witnessed the bombardment of Fort McHenry from the truce ship ""Minden"" anchored downriver on the Patapsco River (probably off"
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"flags which were advertised in local newspapers. Rebecca Young's daughter Mary Young Pickersgill (1776–1857) made the flag of 15 stars and stripes in 1813, begun at her house and finished on the floor of a nearby brewery, delivered to the commander of the fort the year before the British attack of September 12–14, 1814, on Fort McHenry in Baltimore, during the War of 1812, (receiving a government-issued receipt for the work of two flags, a large ""garrison flag"" and a smaller ""storm flag""), then seen by Francis Scott Key (1779–1843) and which inspired him to write the poem which later"
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"The Dutch and French forces in Java surrendered in September. ""Minden"" then sailed for the UK and escorted convoys to the East Indies, the Cape of Good Hope, South America, and the coast of Africa. ""Minden"" saw service during the War of 1812 in the Chesapeake Bay. Some accounts state that Francis Scott Key was aboard ""Minden"" when he wrote the poem ""Defense of Fort M'Henry"", which became the lyrics for ""The Star-Spangled Banner"". In late July 1816 ""Minden"" sailed from Plymouth Sound, as part of an Anglo-Dutch fleet that made an attack on Algiers on 27 August. The Naval"
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"Key witnessed the bombarding of Fort McHenry and was inspired to write a poem called ""Defence of Fort M'Henry"", later named ""The Star Spangled Banner"". During the bombardment, provided the ""rockets red glare"" whilst ""Meteor"" provided at least some of the ""bombs bursting in air"" that feature in the lyrics. After Major General Robert Ross's death in the Battle of North Point, his body was stored in a barrel of 129 gallons (586 l) of Jamaican rum aboard ""Tonnant"". When she was diverted to New Orleans for the forthcoming battle (see above), the body was later shipped on the British"
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"rebuilt in brick and stone in 1813, (replacing first playhouse built of wood in 1795), designed by famous local architect Robert Cary Long, with a front facade in stone of Greek Revival style which was the most notable playhouse in Baltimore for decades. It is said that the first public singing of the future National Anthem reputedly by Ferdinand Durang, (c.1785-1831), occurred on the stage here in late September 1814, near the end of the War of 1812, when the poem of """"The Defence of Fort McHenry"""" written by American Georgetown lawyer and amateur poet Francis Scott Key, when he"
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"but Lincoln had ignored the federal court ruling. Howard was initially confined to Fort McHenry, the same fort his grandfather Francis Scott Key saw withstand a British bombardment during the War of 1812, which inspired him to write The Star Spangled Banner, which would become the national anthem of the United States of America. He was then transferred first to Fort Lafayette in Lower New York Bay off the coast of Brooklyn, then Fort Warren in Boston. He wrote a book on his experiences as a political prisoner completed in December 1862 and published in 1863 titled ""Fourteen Months in"
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"States Constitution. Afterwards, he was appointed United States Secretary of War (1796–1800), serving under Presidents George Washington and John Adams. Beginning at 6:00 a.m. on September 13, 1814, British warships under the command of Vice Admiral Alexander Cochrane continuously bombarded Fort McHenry for 25 hours. The American defenders had 18-, 24- and 32-pounder () cannons. The British guns had a range of , and the British rockets had a range, but neither guns nor rockets were accurate. The British ships were unable to pass Fort McHenry and penetrate Baltimore Harbor because of its defenses, including a chain of 22 sunken"
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"of Fort McHenry on the night of September 13–14, 1814, that inspired him to write the ""Star-Spangled Banner."" Col. Marbury's eldest son, who was known as Captain William Marbury because of his service in the War of 1812, served in a number of positions of Legislature from 1798 to 1800, and was elected several times as Clerk of the County Court. Shortly after his marriage to Susan Fendall, his health began to fail and he died of tuberculosis at the age of 34. William Luke Marbury, eldest son of Capt. William Marbury, inherited Wyoming at his father's death. He devoted"
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"Bay during the Battle of Fort McHenry in the War of 1812. The poem would eventually be set to the tune of ""To Anacreon in Heaven"" and become the national anthem of the United States. Erected by the Barbara Fritchie Memorial Association in September 1914, it was unveiled as part of the ceremonies of the Star Spangled Banner Centenary. The monument is a large granite obelisk bearing a tablet containing John Greenleaf Whittier's 1863 poem ""Barbara Fritchie"". Above the tablet is a medallion created by the New York City sculptor James E. Kelly that depicts Fritchies profile, executed from an"
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"a later bombardment and attempted naval barge invasion. It was during this conflict, the Battle of Baltimore, that Fort McHenry was shelled by the British Royal Navy's revolutionary newly-constructed bomb and mortar ketches warships. Although the attacking fleet stayed out of the shorter range of McHenry's artillery, the Americans refused to surrender, and inspired Maryland lawyer and amateur poet from Frederick named Francis Scott Key, (1779-1843), after witnessing the two days' attack with two companions from an American truce ship anchored and guarded along the sidelines of the enemy fleet. Key composed the words of a four stanza poem entitled"
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"has become a nickname for Manhattan residents in general and was adopted by the New York Knickerbockers. After the success of ""A History of New York"", Irving searched for a job and eventually became an editor of ""Analectic Magazine"", where he wrote biographies of naval heroes like James Lawrence and Oliver Perry. He was also among the first magazine editors to reprint Francis Scott Key's poem ""Defense of Fort McHenry"", which would later be immortalized as ""The Star-Spangled Banner"", the national anthem of the United States. Like many merchants and New Yorkers, Irving originally opposed the War of 1812, but"
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"during the Anglo-Russian War. Promoted to commander as a result, he took the bomb vessel to North America and was present at the assault on Fort McHenry during the Battle of Baltimore, actions which inspired the writing of the poem that became the words to ""The Star-Spangled Banner"". Promoted to post-captain towards the end of the Napoleonic Wars he retired ashore, and died in 1862 with the rank of vice-admiral. Sheridan was born c. 1778 and entered the navy in 1795, shortly after the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars. He rose quickly through the ranks, was promoted to lieutenant"
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"Defenders Day Defenders Day is a longtime legal holiday on September 12th, in the U.S. state of Maryland, in the City of Baltimore and surrounding Baltimore County. It commemorates the successful defense of the city of Baltimore on September 12th-13th-14th, 1814 from an invading British force during the War of 1812, an event which led to the writing of the words of a poem, which when set to music a few days later, became known as ""The Star-Spangled Banner"", which in 1931 was designated as the national anthem of the United States. In September 1814, following the burning of Washington"
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"care they received from Dr. Beanes. The British agreed to release Beanes, but Key and Beanes were forced to stay with the British until the attack on Baltimore was over. Key watched the proceedings from a truce ship in the Patapsco River. On the morning of the 14th, Key saw the American flag waving above Fort McHenry. Inspired, he began jotting down verses on the back of a letter he was carrying. Key's poem was originally named ""Defense on Fort McHenry"" was printed on pamphlets by the ""Baltimore American"". Key's poem was later set to the tune of a British"
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"of Francis Scott Key, whose poem ""Defense of Fort McHenry"" was set to music as ""The Star-Spangled Banner."" Key has commented that he ""think[s] it's a despicable thing that someone is going into our society from another country and ... changing our national anthem."" During a press conference on 28 April 2006, President George W. Bush commented, ""I think people who want to be a citizen of this country ought to learn English. And they ought to learn to sing the anthem in English."" However, author Kevin Phillips has noted that ""[w]hen visiting cities like Chicago, Milwaukee, or Philadelphia, in"
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"Mary Young Pickersgill Mary Pickersgill (born Mary Young; February 12, 1776 – October 4, 1857), was the maker of the Star Spangled Banner Flag hoisted over Fort McHenry during the Battle of Baltimore in the War of 1812. The daughter of another noted flag maker, Rebecca Young, Pickersgill learned her craft from her mother, and, in 1813, was commissioned by Major George Armistead to make a flag for Baltimore's Fort McHenry that was so large that the British would have no difficulty seeing it from a great distance. The flag was installed in August 1813, and, a year later, during"
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"American positions to the right. After a discussion with lower ranking officers, Brooke decided that the British should bombard the fort instead of risk a frontal assault and, at 3:00 a.m. on September 14, 1814, ordered the British troops to return to the ships. At Fort McHenry, some 1,000 soldiers under the command of Major George Armistead awaited the British naval bombardment. Their defense was augmented by the sinking of a line of American merchant ships at the adjacent entrance to Baltimore Harbor in order to further thwart the passage of British ships. The attack began on September 13, as"
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"OF THE<br> NATIONAL ANTHEM<br> THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER <br> (Base, right side:)<br> TO<br> COL. GEORGE ARMISTEAD<br> APRIL 10 1779 APRIL 25 1818<br> COMMANDER OF THIS FORT<br> DURING THE BOMBARDMENT<br> BY THE BRITISH FLEET<br> SEPT. 13-14 WAR OF 1812 <br> (Base, rear: list of names of the commission)<br> signed founder's mark appears. <br> Armistead Monument The Armistead Monument is a bronze statue of Col. George Armistead, by Edward Berge. It is located at Fort McHenry, Baltimore. It was dedicated on September 12, 1914. The inscription reads:<br> (Sculpture, rear of bronze base, proper right:)<br> CAST BY ROMAN BRONZE WORKS NY <br> (Sculpture,"
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What is the tallest building in downtown Seattle?
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"of the university's campus. Downtown is Seattle's finance and commercial maritime hub as well as its center of nightlife and shopping. The downtown shopping mall Westlake Center is connected to Seattle Center by way of a monorail. Downtown Seattle's Columbia Center has 76 floors, a greater number than any other building west of the Mississippi River; however there are taller buildings in Texas and California by height. (Smith Tower, in the older section of downtown called Pioneer Square, once held the title of tallest American building west of the Mississippi.) Other notable buildings are the Washington Mutual Tower, Two Union"
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"Seattle Tower The Seattle Tower, originally known as the Northern Life Tower, is a 27-story skyscraper in downtown Seattle, Washington. The building is located on 1218 Third Avenue and is known as Seattle's first art-deco tower. Its distinctive, ziggurat exterior is clad in 33 shades of brick designed to effect a gradient which lightens from the bottom to the top of the building. This is said to have been inspired by local rock formations. According to the US National Park Service website: The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 and is also a designated"
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"Seattle Municipal Tower Seattle Municipal Tower is a 62-story, skyscraper at 700 5th Avenue at the corner of 5th Avenue and Columbia Street in downtown Seattle, Washington. It is the fourth tallest building in Seattle. At its completion in 1990, the building was named AT&T Gateway Tower and later changed to KeyBank Tower reflecting the names of former anchor tenants AT&T and KeyBank. The City of Seattle purchased Key Tower in early 1996 to house utilities and general government functions. The purchase price was $124 million, or $124 a square foot. The City purchased the property during a downturn in"
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"city landmark. Seattle Tower The Seattle Tower, originally known as the Northern Life Tower, is a 27-story skyscraper in downtown Seattle, Washington. The building is located on 1218 Third Avenue and is known as Seattle's first art-deco tower. Its distinctive, ziggurat exterior is clad in 33 shades of brick designed to effect a gradient which lightens from the bottom to the top of the building. This is said to have been inspired by local rock formations. According to the US National Park Service website: The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 and is also"
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"F5 Tower F5 Tower (previously The Mark and Fifth and Columbia Tower) is a skyscraper in Downtown Seattle, Washington. It consists of 44 floors. It's the fifth-tallest building in Seattle, and the tallest building completed since 1990. The tower consists of of office space leased entirely by F5 Networks and a 189-room luxury hotel previously operated by SBE Entertainment Group. It was designed by Zimmer Gunsul Frasca and was being developed by Daniels Real Estate. Out of all skyscrapers under construction amidst Seattle’s historic construction boom, F5 Tower is the most expensive. The tower is built next to the former"
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"Safeco Plaza (Seattle) Safeco Plaza, previously 1001 Fourth Avenue Plaza and the Seattle-First National Bank Building, is a 50-story, skyscraper in downtown Seattle, Washington. The building is referred to by locals as ""The Box the Space Needle Came In"". When the tower was completed in 1969 by the Howard S. Wright Construction Company for Seattle First National Bank, it dwarfed Smith Tower, which had reigned as downtown's tallest building since 1914, and edged out the Space Needle (built in 1962) in Seattle Center by to become the tallest structure in the city until 1985 with the completion of the Columbia"
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"Seattle Department of Construction and Inspections, Seattle City Light, Seattle Public Utilities, the Department of IT, Human Services Department, and the Office of Economic Development. The Seattle City Council and offices of the Mayor of Seattle are located in the nearby Seattle City Hall. The Municipal Tower was designed by Bassetti/Norton/Metler/Rekevics Architects, who also designed the Jackson Federal Building, and (under their current name) were the architect of record for the new Seattle City Hall. Seattle Municipal Tower Seattle Municipal Tower is a 62-story, skyscraper at 700 5th Avenue at the corner of 5th Avenue and Columbia Street in downtown"
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"Seattle Center Seattle Center is an arts, educational, tourism and entertainment center in Seattle, Washington, United States. Spanning an area of 74 acres (30 ha), it was originally built for the 1962 World's Fair. Its landmark feature is the tall Space Needle, which at the time of its completion was the tallest building west of the Mississippi River. Seattle Center is located just north of Belltown in the Uptown neighborhood. Seattle Center hosts many cultural, music and arts festivals. Major attractions include: Seattle PrideFest is the Official Seattle Gay Pride Festival held annually at Seattle Center over Pride Weekend. The"
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"1201 Third Avenue 1201 Third Avenue (formerly Washington Mutual Tower) is a , 55-story skyscraper in Downtown Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington. It is the second-tallest building in the city, the eighth-tallest on the West Coast of the United States, and the 74th-tallest in the United States. Developed by Wright Runstad & Company, construction began in 1986 and finished in 1988. 1201 Third Avenue was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates and The McKinley Architects. The building was the world headquarters of the financial company Washington Mutual from the building's opening until 2006, when the company moved across"
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"Seattle Transit Tunnel. The tower also cantilevers over the Downtown YMCA. Fourth and Madison Building The Fourth and Madison Building (formerly the IDX Tower) is a 40-story skyscraper in downtown Seattle, Washington. The building is located at 925 Fourth Avenue, at the intersection with Madison Street. Upon its completion in 2002, the late-modernist highrise was Seattle's first building to exceed in over a decade. In 2007, Fourth and Madison was awarded the BOMA International Office Building of the Year Award in the category. The rooftop garden on the seventh floor is a privately owned public open space (POPOS). Construction of"
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"come. Seattle Center Seattle Center is an arts, educational, tourism and entertainment center in Seattle, Washington, United States. Spanning an area of 74 acres (30 ha), it was originally built for the 1962 World's Fair. Its landmark feature is the tall Space Needle, which at the time of its completion was the tallest building west of the Mississippi River. Seattle Center is located just north of Belltown in the Uptown neighborhood. Seattle Center hosts many cultural, music and arts festivals. Major attractions include: Seattle PrideFest is the Official Seattle Gay Pride Festival held annually at Seattle Center over Pride Weekend."
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"Fourth and Blanchard Building The Fourth and Blanchard Building, also known as the Sedgwick James Building or the Darth Vader building, is a skyscraper located in the Belltown neighborhood just north of downtown Seattle. The high-rise style construction rises to 105 meters (344 feet) and has 25 floors above the ground. Chester L. Lindsey Architects, notable as the architects of the Columbia Center, designed the building. The building holds commercial office space. It is located in the Denny Regrade, on the site of what was once the highest point of Denny Hill, and is about one hundred feet taller than"
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"Exchange Building (Seattle) The Exchange Building is a 23-story (275 ft) Art Deco office building located in the central business district of Seattle, Washington. It was designed to house the Seattle Stock Exchange by John Graham & Associates and completed in 1930. John Graham, an English-born architect, also designed many other landmark Seattle buildings, including the downtown Frederick & Nelson (now Nordstrom), the downtown Bon Marché (now a Macy's), and the Dexter Horton Building. At the time of its completion, the Exchange Building was the second-tallest reinforced concrete skyscraper in the United States. In addition to many of Seattle’s commodity"
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"Smith Tower Smith Tower is a skyscraper in Pioneer Square in Seattle, Washington. Completed in 1914, the 38-story, tower is the oldest skyscraper in the city, and was among the tallest skyscrapers outside New York City at the time of its completion. It was the tallest building west of the Mississippi River until the completion of the Kansas City Power & Light Building in 1931. It remained the tallest building on the West Coast for nearly half a century until the Space Needle overtook it in 1962. Smith Tower is named after its builder, firearm and typewriter magnate Lyman Cornelius"
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"901 Fifth Avenue 901 Fifth Avenue is a skyscraper in downtown Seattle, Washington. It was completed in 1973 and has 42 floors. It is the 11th tallest building in Seattle, and was designed by John Graham and Associates. The building was opened as the Bank of California Building. Flood lights illuminate all sides of the tower at night. It was renovated in 2007 and achieved LEED Certified Silver status, which is rare for preexisting buildings. Formerly the Union Bank of California Building, the name was changed to 901 Fifth Avenue following the sale by Beacon Capital Partners to Kennedy Wilson"
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"after threats to its continued existence in the late 1960s it underwent major rehabilitation in the early 1970s, with a plan that centered on ""preserving the buildings in their original form, as much as possible."" As of 2017, Downtown Seattle contains all but one of the 20 tallest buildings in Washington (the nearby Space Needle being the sole exception); the vast majority are office buildings, although the office-residential-hotel Rainier Square Tower, which broke ground is slated to become the city's second-tallest building; the F5 Tower, due to be completed in 2017, will be partly a hotel; and the all-hotel Hyatt"
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"Madison Centre Madison Centre (formerly known as M5 Commerce Centre and 505 Madison) is a skyscraper in Downtown Seattle, Washington. It was completed in October 2017 and has 37 floors of office space totaling of gross leasable area. It is the eleventh-tallest building in Seattle. It is located at the intersection of 5th Avenue and Madison Street in Downtown Seattle, adjacent to the Seattle Central Library and William Kenzo Nakamura United States Courthouse. Schnitzer West bought the existing property from the College Club of Seattle in 2007 and hoped to begin construction of a skyscraper as early as 2008. In"
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"Rainier Square Tower Rainier Square Tower is a mixed-use skyscraper in the Metropolitan Tract of Downtown Seattle, Washington that is currently under construction. The tall, 58-story tower will be located at Union Street between 4th and 5th Avenues adjacent to the existing Rainier Tower, and will be the second-tallest building in Seattle upon completion. The $600 million project is scheduled to be completed by 2020, and will be the tallest building constructed in the city since 1985. The University of Washington, which owns the Metropolitan Tract, announced their intent to redevelop the Rainier Square shopping center in late 2013. The"
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"800 Fifth Avenue 800 Fifth Avenue is a skyscraper in Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington. It was constructed from 1979 to 1981 and has 42 floors. It is the tenth-tallest building in Seattle and was designed by 3D/International. The building has been able to retain a minimum of 98% occupancy since it was opened. The building was previously known as Bank of America Fifth Avenue Plaza when its naming rights were held by the Bank of America. It was originally built for Seafirst Bank, which was acquired by the Bank of America prior to the tower's completion. In"
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"connects to the museum's existing building on the southern portion of the block. WaMu and SAM made an agreement where the museum may expand in two-floor increments up to the 12th floor over the next 20 years as needed. Russell Investments Center Russell Investments Center is a skyscraper in Seattle, Washington. After its completion, it was the largest skyscraper to mark the downtown Seattle skyline in nearly 15 years, and is the city's sixth tallest building, at , with 42 floors. It was originally named WaMu Center because it was built to become the new headquarters for Washington Mutual (WaMu)."
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"Helios (building) Helios, also known as 2nd & Pine, is a residential skyscraper in downtown Seattle, Washington. The 40-story tower is tall with 398 luxury apartments. Plans for the project were first proposed in 2013 and construction began in late 2014. It is located at the intersection of 2nd Avenue and Pine Street near the Pike Place Market and the city's retail core. Architects Weber Thompson and GBD Architects, working on the project in a joint venture, described the tower's design as ""slender and sculpted"". It sits atop a podium, housing of retail space, with a terra-cotta facade. The building"
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"April 2014, its name was changed to 800 Fifth Avenue. 800 Fifth Avenue 800 Fifth Avenue is a skyscraper in Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington. It was constructed from 1979 to 1981 and has 42 floors. It is the tenth-tallest building in Seattle and was designed by 3D/International. The building has been able to retain a minimum of 98% occupancy since it was opened. The building was previously known as Bank of America Fifth Avenue Plaza when its naming rights were held by the Bank of America. It was originally built for Seafirst Bank, which was acquired by"
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"Alaska Building Courtyard by Marriott Seattle Downtown/Pioneer Square, formerly the Alaska Building is a 15-floor building in Seattle, Washington completed in 1904 to designs by St. Louis architects Eames and Young. At the time of its completion, it was the tallest building in Seattle. The building was purchased by American Life, Inc. on December 6, 2007 for $38.7 million and renovated to begin a new life as a Courtyard by Marriott in June 2010. The original exterior of the structure was maintained, as were the marble lobby, original crown molding, window framing and wood pillars. The fourteen-story Alaska Building was"
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"the peak of the former hill. The building was completed in 1979 and is clad in reflective glass. Its design is reminiscent of Houston's Pennzoil Place. Fourth and Blanchard Building The Fourth and Blanchard Building, also known as the Sedgwick James Building or the Darth Vader building, is a skyscraper located in the Belltown neighborhood just north of downtown Seattle. The high-rise style construction rises to 105 meters (344 feet) and has 25 floors above the ground. Chester L. Lindsey Architects, notable as the architects of the Columbia Center, designed the building. The building holds commercial office space. It is"
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"Union Square (Seattle) Union Square is a skyscraper complex at Sixth Avenue between Union and University Streets in Downtown Seattle, Washington, adjacent to Freeway Park. It consists of two skyscrapers built in the 1980s and primarily used for office space. The entire complex features a 1,100-stall parking garage, a courtyard, a retail plaza spanning three stories and an underground pedestrian concourse that connects with the Fifth Avenue Theater and Rainier Square. Both structures were awarded LEED certification in 2009 and eventually received LEED Platinum certification 6 years later as a result of reduced annual energy consumption by 40 percent through"
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"the building is the third-tallest building in the Seattle skyline. The Seattle-based architectural firm NBBJ designed the tower, which was dedicated on July 29, 1989. Two Union Square has 56 floors with of rentable space, and an underground concourse connecting to the Seattle Hilton Hotel and shopping at Rainier Square. It is the first skyscraper to use 19,000 lbs/in. concrete. Union Square (Seattle) Union Square is a skyscraper complex at Sixth Avenue between Union and University Streets in Downtown Seattle, Washington, adjacent to Freeway Park. It consists of two skyscrapers built in the 1980s and primarily used for office space."
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"the tallest building in Seattle. A competition was held in 2014 to select a design for the supertall tower, resulting in Urban Visions favoring NBBJ's 60-story proposal over a 77-story proposal from Gensler. The NBBJ proposal featured a atrium in the middle of the tower that would function like a skylight; the 60-story tower also incorporated floor layouts that would have allowed for 10 to 15 more people per floor despite the loss of a central core, allowing for the height to be reduced. In October 2017, Urban Visions announced that it would scale back its plans and build a"
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"Building, a squat, fortresslike building with diagonal lines"". Seattle Deputy Mayor Tim Ceis stated ""I think everybody acknowledges it may be the ugliest building in downtown Seattle."" It was also voted the ugliest government building in the country in the '70s, shortly after it was built. The old Seattle Municipal Building and Seattle Public Library were also known as relatively ugly buildings. The plaza surrounding the building was the site of a five-month protest by homeless people opposed to funding cuts for a homeless non-profit organization in 2016. King County Administration Building The nine-story King County Administration Building Seattle, the"
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"voted the 55-story skyscraper as one of their favorite buildings. The building is managed by Wright Runstad & Company. MetLife Real Estate Investments and Clarion Partners bought the building in 2012 for $548.8 million. 1201 Third Avenue 1201 Third Avenue (formerly Washington Mutual Tower) is a , 55-story skyscraper in Downtown Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington. It is the second-tallest building in the city, the eighth-tallest on the West Coast of the United States, and the 74th-tallest in the United States. Developed by Wright Runstad & Company, construction began in 1986 and finished in 1988. 1201 Third Avenue"
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"Fourth and Madison Building The Fourth and Madison Building (formerly the IDX Tower) is a 40-story skyscraper in downtown Seattle, Washington. The building is located at 925 Fourth Avenue, at the intersection with Madison Street. Upon its completion in 2002, the late-modernist highrise was Seattle's first building to exceed in over a decade. In 2007, Fourth and Madison was awarded the BOMA International Office Building of the Year Award in the category. The rooftop garden on the seventh floor is a privately owned public open space (POPOS). Construction of the foundation required shoring around the Great Northern Tunnel and Downtown"
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"Pacific Place (Seattle) Pacific Place is an upscale shopping center located in downtown Seattle, Washington on Sixth Avenue and Pine Street. Opened in October 1998, the shopping center has a total area of . Of its 5 floors, the top floor features an 11-screen AMC Theatre (formerly by General Cinema) and various restaurants. On the mid level the center has an entrance to the Barney's store. The concourse level includes a Barnes & Noble bookstore, AT&T and GameStop. Pacific Place also features a skybridge that connects it to Seattle's Nordstrom. During the holidays, it 'snows' every night at 6 p.m."
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"Russell Investments Center Russell Investments Center is a skyscraper in Seattle, Washington. After its completion, it was the largest skyscraper to mark the downtown Seattle skyline in nearly 15 years, and is the city's sixth tallest building, at , with 42 floors. It was originally named WaMu Center because it was built to become the new headquarters for Washington Mutual (WaMu). Major construction ended in early 2006, with minor construction continuing into the fall. Tenants from Washington Mutual began to move into the tower in March 2006. On September 25, 2008, Washington Mutual failed, and its assets and accounts were"
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"1600 Seventh Avenue Qwest Plaza, now officially known as 1600 Seventh, is a 32-story, skyscraper in Seattle, Washington, completed in 1976 and designed by John Graham & Company. As of 2012 it is the 14th tallest building in the city. Qwest Plaza was originally known as the Pacific Northwest Bell Building, and later 1600 Bell Plaza, and US West Communications. In April 2012, a year after acquiring Qwest Communications, Centurylink sold the Bell Plaza/Qwest Plaza property to New York real estate investment firm Clarion Partners for $137 million and is now leasing floors 3–15 to Centurylink and floors 16–32 to"
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Which celebrity has been named as the replacement for Paula Abduhl on American Idol?
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"spots of the season. Viewership for the Tuesday episodes averaged 22.974 million, while the Wednesday episodes averaged 21.951 million. American Idol (season 9) The ninth season of ""American Idol"" premiered on January 12, 2010 and concluded on May 26, 2010 on Fox. Simon Cowell, Randy Jackson and Kara DioGuardi returned to the judging panel. Ellen DeGeneres joined the panel as a replacement for Paula Abdul after guest judges filled in during the auditions. Idol Gives Back also returned for the season and was held on April 21, 2010, during the top seven results show. The top 24 semi-finals format used"
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"Paula Abdul were confirmed to join Cowell in the judging panel. Cole was dismissed from the show after two sets of auditions and was replaced by co-host Nicole Scherzinger from the Newark auditions. After season one, the show's producers had said that they would undergo some changes which resulted in, what media outlets called, an ""X Factor Shake-up"". On January 30, 2012, it was announced that neither Abdul nor Scherzinger would return as a judge for season two. When searching for replacements, Cowell sought to hire pop star Britney Spears as Scherzinger's replacement. After months of negotiations, Cowell and Spears"
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"Paula Goodspeed Paula Goodspeed (July 4, 1978 – November 11, 2008) was an American reality TV show contestant and singer best known for her season 5 audition on ""American Idol"". Goodspeed was known for being a fan of singer and ""American Idol"" judge Paula Abdul, so much so that she changed her first name to Paula at the age of 16 and modeled her singing career and appearance after her. In 2008, Goodspeed committed suicide via a drug overdose in her car outside of Paula Abdul's home in Sherman Oaks, California. She reportedly sent Abdul flowers prior to her suicide."
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"The original judging panel consisted of Cowell, Paula Abdul, Cheryl Cole and L.A. Reid, with Nicole Scherzinger and Steve Jones as co-hosts. Scherzinger later replaced Cole on the panel after two audition sites. Demi Lovato and Britney Spears joined the panel in the second season as replacements for Abdul and Scherzinger, while Khloé Kardashian and Mario Lopez replaced Jones as co-hosts. Spears and Reid did not return for the third season and were replaced by Kelly Rowland and Paulina Rubio, while Lopez became sole host after Kardashian was not asked to come back. On February 7, 2014, Fox announced that"
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"the sole conservator. In May 2012, Spears was hired to replace Nicole Scherzinger as a judge for the second season of the U.S. version of ""The X Factor"", joining Simon Cowell, L.A. Reid and fellow new judge Demi Lovato, who replaced Paula Abdul. With a reported salary of $15 million, she became the highest-paid judge on a singing competition series in television history. However, Katy Perry broke her record in 2018 after Perry was signed for a $25-million salary to serve as a judge on ABC's revival of ""American Idol"". She mentored the Teens category; her final act, Carly Rose"
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"and ""Trumpets,"" Eminem's ""Monster,"" and Zedd's ""Beautiful Now,"" among others. In July 2006, DioGuardi was a judge in an ""Idol""-like TV show called """". The show debuted on ABC with the second-lowest rating ever for a premiere on a major American network and was abruptly canceled after just two weeks. In 2009, she joined the hit Fox television show ""American Idol"" as a fourth judge for the show's eighth season alongside judges Simon Cowell, Randy Jackson and Paula Abdul. She returned to ""Idol"" for its ninth season alongside Simon, Randy and new judge Ellen DeGeneres who replaced Paula Abdul after"
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"11 to August 12 and Forever in Your Mind from August 13 to September 16. American Idol (season 16) The sixteenth season of ""American Idol"" premiered on March 11, 2018, on the ABC television network. It is the show's first season to air on ABC, after 15 years on Fox. Ryan Seacrest continued his role as the show's host, while Katy Perry, Luke Bryan, and Lionel Richie joined as judges. Maddie Poppe from Clarksville, Iowa won the season on May 21, 2018, while her boyfriend Caleb Lee Hutchinson was the Runner-up, and Gabby Barrett finished in third place. Poppe was"
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"a Christian album after signing with Brash Music. Jordin Sparks Blake Lewis Melinda Doolittle LaKisha Jones Chris Richardson Phil Stacey Sanjaya Malakar Chris Sligh Stephanie Edwards Leslie Hunt Amanda Coluccio Sarah Burgess Sean Michel Sherman Pore Source – IdolsMusic.com American Idol (season 6) The sixth season of ""American Idol"" premiered on the Fox Broadcasting Company as a two-night, four-hour premiere special on January 16 and January 17, and ran until May 23, 2007. Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson returned to judge once again, and Ryan Seacrest returned as host. A new record of 74 million votes were cast"
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"American Idol (season 16) The sixteenth season of ""American Idol"" premiered on March 11, 2018, on the ABC television network. It is the show's first season to air on ABC, after 15 years on Fox. Ryan Seacrest continued his role as the show's host, while Katy Perry, Luke Bryan, and Lionel Richie joined as judges. Maddie Poppe from Clarksville, Iowa won the season on May 21, 2018, while her boyfriend Caleb Lee Hutchinson was the Runner-up, and Gabby Barrett finished in third place. Poppe was the first female winner since Candice Glover in season twelve. In early 2017, ""Variety"" reported"
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"man at the party argued with her, grabbed her by the arm and threw her against a wall,"" Vernon said. ""She said she had sustained a concussion and spinal injuries."" In November 2008, a 30-year-old woman named Paula Goodspeed was found dead in her car outside of Abdul's Los Angeles home. The death was ruled a suicide by overdose, and she was found surrounded by photos and CDs of Abdul. Goodspeed was an obsessive fan of Abdul's, having legally changed her name to Paula, drawn many pictures of the singer, and auditioned for Abdul on ""American Idol"" in 2005 at"
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"Corey Clark Corey Delaney Clark (born July 13, 1980) is an American singer. He is known for his highly publicized disqualification from the second season of ""American Idol"" and later allegations of a sexual relationship with then-""Idol"" judge Paula Abdul. He is the older brother of WNBA player Alysha Clark. Corey Clark was born July 13, 1980 in San Bernardino, California, to Duane and Jan Clark, two singers who met on the road in Nashville, Tennessee in early 1978 while following their own musical aspirations. Duane, an R&B and disco singer who sang in San Bernardino nightclubs and opened for"
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"UK. Fuller sold Pop Idol to Fox in the US, and ""American Idol"" quickly became a No.1 rated show making stars of its presenter Ryan Seacrest as well as judges Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell, as well as many of its performers including Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood and others. And later the show has featured many more high profiled judges including Ellen DeGeneres, Kara DioGuardi, Steven Tyler, Jennifer Lopez, Nicki Minaj, Mariah Carey, and Keith Urban. American Idol has since won many awards and has been credited with originating a new form of reality TV. Fuller has been"
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"days of auditions due to not being comfortable with giving out criticism. The show decided to continue with the three judges format until the eighth season. All three original judges stayed on the judging panel for eight seasons. In the eighth season, Latin Grammy Award-nominated singer-songwriter and record producer Kara DioGuardi was added as a fourth judge. She stayed for two seasons and left the show before the tenth season. Paula Abdul left the show before the ninth season after failing to agree to terms with the show producers. Emmy Award-winning talk show host Ellen DeGeneres replaced Paula Abdul for"
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"Facebook, Twitter and Musical.ly. During the 2018 CMA Awards, three contestants who didn't make it to Hollywood were given another chance. The contestants were Cameron Lenz, Natalee Spiroff, and Megan Woods. The winner of that vote was revealed to be Megan Woods on Good Morning America on November 16, 2018. American Idol (season 17) The seventeenth season of ""American Idol"" will premiere on March 3, 2019, on the ABC television network. This will be the show's second season to air on ABC. Ryan Seacrest will continue his role as the show's host, while Katy Perry, Luke Bryan, and Lionel Richie"
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"one in which she was selected to replace Gifford, a rotating lineup of co-hosts auditioned on-air with Ripa to take over her former co-hosting duties, including: Michael Strahan, Seth Meyers, Josh Groban, Nick Lachey, Neil Patrick Harris, Chris Harrison, Jerry O'Connell, Joel McHale, Carrie Ann Inaba, Bryant Gumbel, Jerry Seinfeld, Mike Greenberg, Boomer Esiason, Dan Abrams, Martin Short, Howie Mandel, Pat Kiernan, Jesse Palmer, D.L. Hughley, Derek Hough, Sam Champion, Taye Diggs, Ben Mulroney, Kevin Jonas, Randy Jackson, Michael Bublé, Peter Facinelli, Rob Lowe, Dana Carvey, Reggie Bush, Fred Savage, and Mario Lopez. In the end, Strahan was announced as"
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"Paul Nurse, Kofi Annan, Paul Krugman, and Daniel Kahneman; President George W. Bush, Ta-Nehisi Coates, Salman Rushdie, Judy Blume, Sheryl Sandberg, Mindy Kaling, Joan Rivers, Chimamanda Adichie, Atul Gawande, Nancy Pelosi, Annie Leibovitz, Lewis Black, Temple Grandin, Van Jones, Tina Fey, Jenna Bush Hager and Barbara Pierce Bush, Cecile Richards, and Ina Garten. Bands and singers have included Adele, Idina Menzel, Valerie June, Brooklyn Rider, Andra Day, Kris Kristofferson, Bryan Adams, Thirty Seconds to Mars, Art Garfunkel, LeAnn Rimes, Grizzly Bear, Idan Raichel Project, Yael Naim, Ani DiFranco, Joanna Newsom, Antony and the Johnsons, M. Ward, Devendra Banhart, Fiona Apple,"
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"framing the scene. In the middle there is a breakdown section, which is longer than on the single release version of the song. In the end, Paula is standing with the American Idol cast while glitter falls over the scene. A second version of the video has been released with one minor edit: the ""American Idol"" cast have been removed. Most reviews of the song have been favorable. For example, ""Billboard"" stated, ""The giddy, beat-intensive track is an ace-on match for Abdul's breathy execution, with rapid-fire verses and a peppy, positive lyric."" 6. https://www.billboard.com/music/Paula-Abdul/chart-history/canadian-hot-100 Dance Like There's No Tomorrow ""Dance"
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"Campbell (4), Gracie Carvalho, Helena Christensen, Cindy Crawford, Emanuela de Paula, Waris Dirie, Yamila Díaz, Lily Donaldson, Isabeli Fontana (8), Magdalena Frackowiak, Saskia de Brauw, Sonny Freeman Drane, Gigi Hadid, Bridget Hall, Filippa Hamilton, Miranda Kerr, Karlie Kloss, Heidi Klum, Karolína Kurková (3), Noémie Lenoir, Adriana Lima (3), Daisy Lowe, Angela Lindvall, Lakshmi Menon, Kate Moss (3), Petra Nemcová, Sasha Pivovarova, Natasha Poly, Frankie Rayder, Coco Rocha, RuPaul, Anja Rubik, Joan Smalls, Lara Stone (3), Fernanda Tavares, Caroline Trentini, Christy Turlington, Guinevere Van Seenus, Edita Vilkeviciute, Natalia Vodianova (5), Alek Wek (3), Daria Werbowy and Rosie Huntington-Whiteley. Actresses: Patricia Arquette,"
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"2016. In May 2017, ABC acquired the rights to the series and the program would return for the 2017–18 television season. The show had originally planned on having four judges following the ""Pop Idol"" format; however, only three judges had been found by the time of the audition round in the first season, namely Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell. A fourth judge, radio DJ Stryker, was originally chosen but he dropped out citing ""image concerns"". In the second season, New York radio personality Angie Martinez had been hired as a fourth judge but withdrew only after a few"
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"April 2011 that this was not true: Cowell was no longer to be a judge on the UK version, but would remain a major presence backstage. He was joined by Paula Abdul, L.A. Reid, Nicole Scherzinger and formerly Cheryl Cole. Cowell's act Melanie Amaro won the season, making Cowell the winning judge. Cowell and Reid returned for season 2, while Demi Lovato and Britney Spears joined the judging panel as replacements for Abdul and Scherzinger. This season launched another one of Simon's groups into worldwide fame, the group is known as Fifth Harmony. Cowell returned for a third season of"
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"American Idol (season 5) The fifth season of reality television singing competition ""American Idol"" began on January 17, 2006, and concluded on May 24, 2006. Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell returned to judge, and Ryan Seacrest returned to host. It is the most successful season to date ratings-wise, and resulted in 18 contestants (including all of the top 10 and a few semifinalists) getting record deals – nine of them with major labels. It was the first season with a male winner (Taylor Hicks) and a female runner-up (Katharine McPhee). It was also the first season of the"
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"that Paloma Faith would be replacing Rita Ora on the panel. Upon her appointment on the show, she said “I’m really excited about working with creative people who are there not just to be great singers, but also innovative personalities and performers. I have a long history of helping break artists as in my club nights I booked Kate Nash, Adele and The Noisettes before they hit the big time, and four of my band members have gone on to pursue successful solo careers. I’m really looking forward to getting my teeth into something that cultivates the talents of another"
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"and that she was reportedly seeking as much as $20 million to return. Abdul was replaced by Ellen DeGeneres. Abdul claimed her departure from ""Idol"" was not about money, but that she had to stand on principle. In January 2010, Abdul presented a Lifetime Achievement Award to choreographer Julie McDonald at the 11th Anniversary show of . In November, Abdul launched and co-founded AuditionBooth.com, a website that allows aspiring talents to connect with casting directors, producers, and managers. In January 2011, Abdul began appearing on the short-lived CBS reality competition series ""Live to Dance"", where she was also an executive"
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"consecutive season, Ai-Ai de las Alas will not return due to her transfer to GMA Network after her contract expired and 16 years of association, while Kris Aquino cited her health problems. Therefore, numerous teasers are being released prior to the change of the lineup and two weeks leading to the premiere, actress Angel Locsin, actor Robin Padilla, and comedian Vice Ganda will be joining the judging panel. The season will premiere on January 23, 2016, replacing the weeknight slots of second season of ""Your Face Sounds Familiar"", however, the filler movie block Kapamilya Weekend Specials filled the vacated timeslot"
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"High School alumni]] [[Category:Virgin Records artists]] [[Category:Transcendental Meditation practitioners]] [[Category:Actresses from California]] [[Category:Dancers from California]] [[Category:Singers from California]] [[Category:Television producers from California]] [[Category:20th-century American actresses]] [[Category:21st-century American actresses]] [[Category:20th-century American singers]] [[Category:21st-century American singers]] [[Category:20th-century Mizrahi Jews]] [[Category:21st-century Mizrahi Jews]] [[Category:20th-century women singers]] [[Category:21st-century women singers]] Paula Abdul Paula Julie Abdul (born June 19, 1962) is an American dancer, choreographer, singer, actress, and television personality. She began her career as a cheerleader for the Los Angeles Lakers at the age of 18 and later became the head choreographer for the Laker Girls, where she was discovered by The Jacksons. After"
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"a folk rocker from Mount Prospect, Illinois won the competition, beating the runner-up Crystal Bowersox. Three contestants from this season were signed to record labels. The signed artists were Crystal Bowersox, Casey James, Michael Lynche, Siobhan Magnus. After the season began, Paula Abdul did not return to the judging panel, having announced in the beginning of August 2009 that she was leaving the show due to unresolved contract negotiations. Victoria Beckham, Mary J. Blige, Shania Twain, Katy Perry, Avril Lavigne, Joe Jonas, Neil Patrick Harris and Kristin Chenoweth were brought in to star as guest judges during the auditions phase."
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"plan for the programme, with Ant & Dec revealed to be the hosts for the new programme. While Cowell remained as part of the judging panel, the new plan intended for David Hasselhoff and Cheryl Cole. However, both resigned before the programme was due to air, leading to Morgan being part of the panel as originally planned, and actress Amanda Holden joining him and Cowell as a judge; Hasselhoff would later join the panel for the programme's fifth series after being a part of the panel for ""America's Got Talent"", while Cowell later employed Cole to be a replacement for"
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"Cowell was the only confirmed judge. He later said that he was taking the choices of who to join him on the show very seriously, saying, ""It's pointless hiring judges who don't know anything about the music business. I'll probably go and find someone who did what I did for a living. I was an A&R guy for 20 years."" Eventually, Grammy Award-winning record executive, songwriter, and record producer L.A. Reid, former UK ""X Factor"" judge Cheryl Cole, and Cowell's former ""American Idol"" colleague Paula Abdul Numerous people were speculated to host the series, including ""High School Musical"" star Corbin"
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"on ""American Idol"" on the internet radio station Artist Underground. Starting in 2002, Jackson was one of the panel judges on the Fox Network reality television series ""American Idol"", along with Paula Abdul (2002–2009), Simon Cowell (2002–2010), Kara DioGuardi (2009–2010), Ellen DeGeneres (2010), Jennifer Lopez (2011–2012), Steven Tyler (2011–2012), Nicki Minaj (2013), Mariah Carey (2013) and Keith Urban (2013). As a result of Cowell's departure, Jackson was left as the sole original judge on ""American Idol"". His role was originally going to be reduced to that of a mentor, so the 2013 season would have all new judges, but it"
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"with her for Israel and Paris to look for answers. Though viewers were initially wary of Sasha Alexander's replacement, Cote de Pablo received ""huge praise"" over the years for her portrayal of Ziva David, later winning an ALMA Award and an Imagen Award. In 2013, E-Poll Market Research released the results of a study naming the top 10 most appealing celebrities in America. De Pablo was ranked third, behind only actresses Betty White and Sandra Bullock. Other figures on the list included de Pablo's co-star, Pauley Perrette (Abby Sciuto), British singer Adele, and Olympian Gabby Douglas. ""Entertainment Weekly"" included Ziva"
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"was causing too much stress. Osbourne admitted that when she informed the producers of her decision to resign, she hoped to be kept on instead of Minogue. Much media coverage and speculation surrounded the question of who would replace Osbourne. Spice Girls singer Mel B revealed on 16 September 2008 in an interview for ""New!"" Magazine that she, among others, was approached by Cowell as a possible replacement. However, on 10 June 2008, four days after Osbourne's departure, ITV confirmed that Girls Aloud singer Cheryl Cole was the new judge and Osbourne's replacement for series 5. Minogue praised the new"
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"announced that Bean would be replaced by former Danity Kane member Aubrey O'Day. Both Madison and O'Day, unlike their predecessors, performed topless in the show. Blogger Perez Hilton created a brief controversy when he posted unauthorized photos of O'Day's topless performance, criticizing both O'Day's performance and her physique. The show closed briefly from JanuaryMarch 2010, while it was retooled. A new version of the production opened on March 1, 2010, with Holly Madison as the sole female celebrity lead performer as Bo Peep, along with ""American Idol"" alum Josh Strickland as the male lead (Strickland had been playing the role"
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"Charlyne Yi and Odette Annable, replacing Edelstein and Wilde. Omar Epps took the place of Edelstein, and Robert Sean Leonard, Jesse Spencer and Peter Jacobson were moved up. Jude Ciccolella, Thom Barry, Sebastian Sozzi, Liza Snyder, Heather McComb, Wentworth Miller, Jaclyn Jonet, Michael Nouri, Alexie Gilmore, Jamie Bamber, Harrison Thomas, Jim Lampley, Channon Roe, Madison Davenport, Julie McNiven, Vincent Spano, Melanie Lynskey, Corri English, Bridgit Mendler, Jeffrey Wright, David Anders, Julie Mond, Jake Weber, Rena Sofer, Michael B. Jordan, Margo Harshman, Billy Connolly, Arlen Escarpeta, Sharif Atkins, Greg Finley, Will Shadley, Kevin Christy, Amy Davidson, Riley Lennon Nice, Jessica Collins,"
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It is generally accepted that the game of golf originated in what country?
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"(see Kolven, a Dutch indoor ballgame); although the dictionary also records the noun ""golf"" (with alternative spellings ""golfe"" or ""golph"") as deriving from Middle English ""golf"" or ""goulf"" or Old French ""golfe"", meaning ""a deep pool or hollow; an abyss""; a cognate of modern English ""gulf"". The exact origins of the sport of golf are unclear. The most widely accepted theory is that the modern game of golf originated in Scotland in the High Middle Ages. The first golf courses and clubs were established in the country. The first written rules originated in Scotland, as did the establishment of the"
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"cathedral as a symbol of the city's identity and aspirations.” The modern game of golf originated in Scotland, with the Fife town of St Andrews known internationally as the ""home of golf"". and to many golfers the Old Course, an ancient links course dating to before 1574, is considered to be a site of pilgrimage. In 1764, the standard 18 hole golf course was created at St Andrews when members modified the course from 22 to 18 holes. Golf is documented as being played on Musselburgh Links, East Lothian, Scotland as early as 2 March 1672, which is certified as"
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"Golf originated in Scotland, where the first written record of golf is James II's banning of the game in 1457. The ban was lifted by James IV in 1502 who also played golf. Cricket can be traced back to Tudor times in early 16th-century England and the modern rules of association football and rugby football are based on mid-19th century rules made to standardise the football games played by English public schools. These team sports were spread worldwide by the influence of the British empire. The earliest reference to a purely electronic game appears to be a United States patent"
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"one of the oldest Scottish golf organisations, said ""Stick and ball games have been around for many centuries, but golf as we know it today, played over 18 holes, clearly originated in Scotland."" The word ""golf"", or in Scots ""gowf"" [gʌuf], is usually thought to be a Scots alteration of Dutch """"colf"""" or """"colve"""" meaning """"stick"", """"club"""", """"bat"""", itself related to the Proto-Germanic language ""*kulth-"" as found in Old Norse ""kolfr"" meaning ""bell clapper"", and the German ""Kolben"" meaning ""mace or club"". The Dutch term ""Kolven"" refers to a related sport where the lowest number of strokes needed to hit"
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"While the Scots rightly claim to have invented the modern game of golf, the origins of the game that was to become golf were brought to Scotland by Scots merchants who had traded in the Low Countries. The game was brought to St Andrews from Hanseatic ports where colf was commonly played at the time. The Dutch sport was adapted to local conditions, whereby it came to be played on what were termed 'links' in the Scots language. Links is a descriptive term for coastal sandy grasslands. The term has since become almost synonymous with the modern golf course, thanks"
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"golf contributed over 15b Euros to the total European economy. In 2007, Pádraig Harrington became the first golfer from Ireland to win The Open Championship, the oldest of the four Men's major championships. Although most historians agree that the birthplace of golf occurred in Scotland, the sport has a rich and colorful history in Ireland. Dating back to the mid-1800s, one of the fascinating aspects of Ireland's golf history is that many of its oldest courses are still around today, giving players and tourists a first hand account of its history. Today, Ireland is one of the nations with the"
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"urban golf, but has associations in Argentina and Brazil. Urban golf Urban golf is a game, derived from the original game of golf, in which individual players or teams hit a ball into a hole or at a specified target using various clubs. Urban golf is any form of golf played without a traditional golf course. Urban golf is currently becoming popular across the world in many varying formats. Its origin is ambiguous but is believed to be started in Scotland in 1741 outside The White Hart Inn in the Grassmarket area of Edinburgh by a Duncan Thomas. There are"
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"Urban golf Urban golf is a game, derived from the original game of golf, in which individual players or teams hit a ball into a hole or at a specified target using various clubs. Urban golf is any form of golf played without a traditional golf course. Urban golf is currently becoming popular across the world in many varying formats. Its origin is ambiguous but is believed to be started in Scotland in 1741 outside The White Hart Inn in the Grassmarket area of Edinburgh by a Duncan Thomas. There are now many organizations across the world actuating this seemingly"
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"Lake Geneva in Lausanne, Switzerland. Unlike most internationally recognised sports federations, the IGF is not responsible for developing, maintaining or administering the rules of golf. The rules are developed and administered for the North American countries of the United States and Mexico by the United States Golf Association (USGA), and for the balance of the world by the 'R&A', formerly a function of The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews. Golf was first an Olympic sport at the 1904 Games in St. Louis, Missouri, USA, when the United States and Canada were the only two competing countries. The"
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"roots to prehistoric bull worship and sacrifice and is often linked to Rome, where many human-versus-animal events were held. Bullfighting spread from Spain to its Central and South American colonies, and in the 19th century to France, where it developed into a distinctive form in its own right. Jousting and hunting were popular sports in the Western Europe of the Middle Ages, and the aristocratic classes of Europe developed passions for leisure activities. A great number of the popular global sports were first developed or codified in Europe. The modern game of golf originated in Scotland, where the first written"
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"his diary: In December 1650, the settlers of Fort Orange (near present-day Albany, New York) played the first recorded round of ""kolf"" (golf) in America. The Dutch settlers played kolf year round. During the spring, summer and fall it was played in fields. In the winter it was played on ice with the same rules. Then on December 10, 1659, the ruler passed an ordinance against playing golf in the streets of the same city. The modern game of golf is generally considered to be a Scottish invention. A spokesman for the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews,"
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"at Gleneagles, Ayrshire, East Lothian and Loch Lomond. While there is considerable disagreement as to where in Scotland golf was invented – St Andrews, Leith or Bruntsfield – or even if it was invented within Scotland - both the Netherlands and China have staked claims - the modern game was codified in Scotland. Much of golf terminology has its roots in Lowland Scots, e.g. caddy, links, tee etc. Shinty or camanachd is the traditional game of the Scottish Highlands, although historically it has a wider range. It is still played widely across the area today, with clubs also based in"
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"Although The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews in Scotland is the sport's home course, the world's oldest golf course is actually Musselburgh Links' Old Golf Course. In 1764, the standard 18-hole golf course was created at St Andrews when members modified the course from 22 to 18 holes. The oldest golf tournament in the world, and the first major championship in golf, The Open Championship, is played annually on the weekend of the third Friday in July. Rugby league originated in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire in 1895 and is generally played in Northern England. A single 'Great Britain"
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"Golf Club in Charleston, the first golf club in the United States. Several Scots golfers are members of the World Golf Hall of Fame. Players marked * are also members of the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame: Belle Robertson (born 1936) and Jessie Valentine (1915–2006) are all inducted into the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame, but not the World Golf Hall of Fame. Golf in Scotland Golf in Scotland was first recorded in the 15th century, and the modern game of golf was first developed and established in the country. The game plays a key role in the national sporting"
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"Korea, Australia, and Japan for the relatively inexpensive fees. China holds such tournaments as the WGC-HSBC Champions in Shanghai, TCL Classic on Hainan Island, the Volvo China Open and the BMW Asian Open. Among the country's most successful golfers are Zhang Lianwei and Liang Wen-Chong. Chuiwan, a stick and ball game with some similarities to golf was played in China as early as 1000 AD, with evidence existing from the Song dynasty.<ref name=""http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/ASSH%20Bulletins/No%2014/ASSHBulletin14c.pdf"">""Verification of the fact that Golf originated from Chuiwan"", Ling Hongling, Professor of Physical Education, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P.R. China</ref> The sport was banned up until the"
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"record of golf is James II's banning of the game in 1457, as an unwelcome distraction to learning archery. The Industrial Revolution that began in Britain in the 18th Century brought increased leisure time, leading to more time for citizens to attend and follow spectator sports, greater participation in athletic activities, and increased accessibility. These trends continued with the advent of mass media and global communication. The bat and ball sport of cricket was first played in England during the 16th century and was exported around the globe via the British Empire. A number of popular modern sports were devised"
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"Banquet"" shows a member of the Chinese Imperial court swinging what appears to be a golf club at a small ball with the aim of sinking it into a hole. The game is thought to have been introduced into Europe during the Middle Ages. Another early game that resembled modern golf was known as cambuca in England and chambot in France. The Persian game chaugán is another possible ancient origin. In addition, kolven (a game involving a ball and curved bats) was played annually in Loenen, Netherlands, beginning in 1297, to commemorate the capture of the assassin of Floris V,"
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"the oldest golf course in the world by Guinness World Records. The oldest known ""rules of golf"" were compiled in March 1744 in Leith. The oldest golf tournament in the world, and the first major championship in golf, The Open Championship, first took place in Ayrshire, Scotland in 1860, and today it is played on the weekend of the third Friday in July. Golf's first superstar Harry Vardon, a member of the fabled Great Triumvirate who were pioneers of the modern game, won the Open a record six times. Since the 2010s, three Northern Irish golfers have had major success;"
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"with the PGA of America. The PGA European Tour has a 60% interest in Ryder Cup Europe, with each of its junior partners holding 20%. Professional golf began in Europe, specifically in Scotland. The first professionals were clubmakers and greenkeepers who also taught golf to the wealthy men who could afford to play the game (early handmade equipment was expensive) and played ""challenge matches"" against one another for purses put up by wealthy backers. The first multi-competitor stroke play tournament was The Open Championship, which was introduced in 1860. That year it was for professionals only, and it attracted a"
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"Origins of baseball The question of the origins of baseball has been the subject of debate and controversy for more than a century. Baseball and the other modern bat, ball, and running games, cricket and rounders, were developed from folk games in early Britain and Continental Europe (such as France and Germany). Early forms of baseball had a number of names, including ""base ball"", ""goal ball"", ""round ball"", ""fetch-catch"", ""stool ball"", and, simply, ""base"". In at least one version of the game, teams pitched to themselves, runners went around the bases in the opposite direction of today's game, and players"
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"Golf Club traces its origins. There is evidence that Scottish soldiers, expatriates and immigrants took the game to British colonies and elsewhere during the 18th and early 19th centuries. In the early 1770s, the first African golf course was built on Bunce Island, in Sierra Leone, by British slave traders. The Royal Calcutta Golf Club (1829), the Mauritius Gymkhana Club (1844) and the club at Pau (1856) in south western France are notable reminders of these excursions and are the oldest golf clubs outside of the British Isles. The club at Pau is the oldest in continental Europe. However, it"
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"the United States Golf Association Museum, located alongside the United States Golf Association headquarters in Far Hills, New Jersey. The World Golf Hall of Fame in St. Augustine, Florida also presents a history of the sport, as does the Canadian Golf Hall of Fame in Oakville, Ontario, and the American Golf Hall of Fame in Foxburg, Pennsylvania at the Foxburg Country Club. Museums for individual players include the Jack Nicklaus Museum in Columbus, Ohio, and rooms in the USGA Museum for Bobby Jones, Arnold Palmer, and Ben Hogan. History of golf The origins of golf are unclear and much debated."
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"a professional philologist, nodded to the derivation from the Dutch word for club in his 1937 fantasy novel ""The Hobbit"". There he mentions (tongue-in-cheek) that the game of golf was invented when a club-wielding hobbit knocked the head off a goblin named Golfimbul, and the head sailed through the air and landed in a rabbit hole. The history of golf is preserved and represented at several golf museums around the world, notably the British Golf Museum in the town of St Andrews in Fife, Scotland, which is the home of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, and"
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"when members modified the course from 22 to 18 holes. Golf is documented as being played on Musselburgh Links, East Lothian, Scotland as early as 2 March 1672, which is certified as the oldest golf course in the world by Guinness World Records. The oldest surviving rules of golf were compiled in March 1744 for the Company of Gentlemen Golfers, later renamed The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, which was played at Leith, Scotland. The world's oldest golf tournament in existence, and golf's first major, is The Open Championship, which was first played on 17 October 1860 at Prestwick Golf"
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"its first English-born Open Champion, John Ball. The game also spread further across the empire. By the 1880s golf clubs had been established in Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and South Africa. Singapore followed in 1891. Courses were also established in several continental European resorts for the benefit of British visitors. 17th-century America: In December 1650, near Fort Orange (modern city of Albany, New York), a group of four men were playing Kolf in pairs for points. On July 22, 1657 several men were cited and warned not to play Kolf on Sundays. On December 10, 1659 an ordinance was"
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"Club, in Ayrshire, Scotland, with Scottish golfers winning the earliest majors. Two Scotsmen from Dunfermline, John Reid and Robert Lockhart, first demonstrated golf in the U.S. by setting up a hole in an orchard in 1888, with Reid setting up America's first golf club the same year, Saint Andrew's Golf Club in Yonkers, New York. A golf course consists of either 9 or 18 holes, each with a teeing ground that is set off by two markers showing the bounds of the legal tee area, fairway, rough and other hazards, and the putting green surrounded by the fringe with the"
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"a ball with a mallet into a hole determines the winner; according to the ""Le grand dictionnaire françois-flamen"" printed 1643 is stated the Dutch term to Flemish: ""Kolf, zest Kolve; Kolfdrager, Sergeant; Kolf, Kolp, Goulfe."" The first documented mention of golf in Scotland appears in a 1457 Act of the Scottish Parliament, an edict issued by King James II of Scotland prohibiting the playing of the games of ""gowf"" and ""futball"" as these were a distraction from archery practice for military purposes. Bans were again imposed in Acts of 1471 and 1491, with golf being described as ""an unprofitable sport""."
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"to the Scots. Oddly, while Scotland was developing its own interpretation of colf as a spacious outdoor game which would eventually morph into the modern game of golf, the Dutch were doing exactly the opposite with colf. Instead of playing in the open, more and more were adapting the game to a form that could be played on the old maliespel courses, which mostly adjoined taverns and inns. Increasingly, these courses were roofed over, until finally the new game was entirely played indoors. Thus was born the unique Dutch game of kolf. From the beginning of the 18th century, the"
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"is one of many bat-and-ball sports existing worldwide which have no known origin. Others are the definitely Celtic sports of hurling and shinty. Golf and hockey are other British ball games involving a club or stick while croquet was apparently imported from France and globally there are games such as Sweden's brännboll, Italy's , India's gilli-danda, Finland's pesäpallo and Samoa's kilikiti. However, it is generally believed that cricket essentially belongs to the same family of bat-and-ball games as stoolball, rounders and baseball but whether it evolved from any of these, or ""vice versa"", cannot be determined. There is a 1523"
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"Clock golf Clock golf is a game based on golf, originating in the mid 19th century. Players putt a golf ball from each in turn of 12 numbered points arranged in a circle as in a clock face, to a single hole placed within the circle. Alternative names include Clock-Golf, Round the Clock Golf, and Golf Around the Clock. The firm Jaques of London claim that they ""originated the popular garden game of Clock Golf in the mid 19th century"". The Oxford English Dictionary's earliest illustration of the use of the term dates from 1905. The wording on an early"
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"Golf in the Philippines History of Golf in the Philippines is the history of golf in the Philippines as a pastime play, as an amateur game, and as a professional sport. Golf was introduced to the Philippines more than a hundred years ago. From then onwards, the Philippines has produced its own notable ""corps of golf masters"" and players. The game of golf was introduced to the Filipinos in Manila by the British employees working for the Manila Railway Company in 1886, when the Philippines was a colony of Spain. At first, British railway workers played on a three-way golf"
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"effect on the popularity of golf, as he is an indefatigable player and catalyzes great interest in the game through his writing and public speaking. Alexander H. Findlay, later to become the Father of American Golf, was the first in the world to score a 72 in competition for 18 holes at the Mercantile Golf Club in Montrose, Scotland. 1887 ""The Art of Golf"" by Sir Walter Simpson is published. The Quogue Field Club was founded in Quogue, New York. The original course had 18 holes, but after the Hurricane of 1938 the club lost 3 holes to the bay"
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"and the course, in the lowest number of total throws. The game is played in about 40 countries and according to a 2017 study there are about 44,000 active members of the PDGA worldwide. Disc golf was first invented in the early 1900s. The first game was held in Bladworth, Saskatchewan, Canada in 1926. Ronald Gibson and a group of his Bladworth Elementary School buddies played a game of throwing tin lids into 4 foot wide circles drawn into sandy patches on their school grounds. They called the game Tin Lid Golf and played on a fairly regular basis. However,"
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September 17, 1859, saw Joshua Norton declare himself Norton 1st, Emperor of what?
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"1859, Norton had become completely discontented with what he considered the inadequacies of the legal and political structures of the United States. On September 17, 1859, he took matters into his own hands and distributed letters to the various newspapers in the city, proclaiming himself ""Emperor of these United States"": The announcement was first printed for humorous effect by the editor of the ""San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin"". Norton later added ""Protector of Mexico"" to this title, and thus began his whimsical 21-year ""reign"" over America. Norton issued numerous decrees on matters of the state, including a decree on October"
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"to be Joseph Smith's successor as leader of the Latter Day Saint movement, proclaimed himself king of his followers on Beaver Island, Michigan. On 8 July 1850, he was crowned in an elaborate coronation ceremony. Strang evaded Federal government charges of treason, and continued to rule until in 1856, he was assassinated by two disgruntled ""Strangites"". In 1853, Joshua Abraham Norton declared himself ""Norton I, Emperor of the United States"" and ""Protector of Mexico"". His claim was acknowledged by the San Francisco Police. In 1970, after a dispute over wheat production quotas, Leonard Casley proclaimed his wheat farm in Western"
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"considered a Saint Second Class, the highest spiritual honor attainable by an actual (non-fictional) human being. The Principia also says that the Goddess Eris / Discordia replied with Norton's name when questioned as to whether She, like Jehovah, had a Begotten Son. As reported in the ""Principia Discordia"", the Joshua Norton Cabal, a group of Discordians based in San Francisco, has as its slogan: In official practice, the phrase is never translated out of Latin, except on certain holidays. Emperor Norton in popular culture Joshua Abraham Norton (c.1818 – January 8, 1880), also known as Norton I or Emperor Norton,"
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"his followers held all county offices, and Strang's word was law. U.S. President Millard Fillmore ordered an investigation into Strang's colony, which resulted in Strang's trial in Detroit for treason, trespass, counterfeiting and other crimes, but the jury found the ""king"" innocent of all charges. Strang was eventually assassinated by two disgruntled followers in 1856, and his kingdom—together with his royal regalia—vanished. Joshua Abraham Norton, an Englishman who emigrated to San Francisco, California in 1849, proclaimed himself ""Emperor of These United States"" in 1859, later adding the title ""Protector of Mexico"". Though never recognized by the U.S. or Mexican governments,"
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"film and other creative efforts that are inspired by him. The Campaign also began to produce public commemorative events to mark and celebrate various aspects of the Emperor Norton story. In October 2014, The Emperor's Bridge Campaign incorporated as a nonprofit, with a ""specific purpose...to foster public awareness, understanding and appreciation of the life and legacy of Joshua Abraham Norton (1818–1880), the self-proclaimed ""Norton I, Emperor of the United States,"" known as Emperor Norton. The Emperor's Bridge Campaign The Emperor's Bridge Campaign is a San Francisco-based nonprofit whose mission is to honor the life and advance the legacy of Joshua"
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"second largest LGBT organization in the world, surpassed only by the Metropolitan Community Church. The Imperial Court System in the United States was founded in San Francisco, California, in 1965 by José Sarria. Sarria, affectionately known as ""Mama José"" or similar among Imperial Court members, adopted the surname ""Widow Norton"" as a reference to Joshua Norton, a much-celebrated citizen of 19th-century San Francisco who had declared himself Emperor of the United States and Protector of Mexico in 1859. Sarria soon became the nexus of a fundraising group with volunteer members bearing titles of nobility bestowed by yearly elected figurehead leaders"
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"ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau. In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre. In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. Norton County was founded by Noah H. Billings, Thomas Beaumont, Henry Gordon, P. Hansen, and George Cole on August 22, 1872. In 1878 Norton"
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"I) as King of Italy, and the 24-year-old Eugène de Beauharnais his viceroy. Napoleon I was crowned at the Duomo di Milano, Milan on May 26, with the Iron Crown of Lombardy. His title was ""Emperor of the French and King of Italy"" (), showing the importance of this Italian Kingdom for him. Even though the republican Constitution was never formally abolished, a series of ""Constitutional Statutes"" completely altered it. The first one was proclaimed two days after the birth of the kingdom, on March 19, when the Consulta declared Napoleon as king and established that one of his natural"
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"and Protector of Mexico in 1859. Sarria organized elaborate annual pilgrimages to lay flowers on Norton's grave in the Woodlawn Cemetery in Colma, California. He purchased a plot adjacent to Norton's where he is now interred. Sarria's assumption of the title of Empress led to the establishment of the Imperial Court System, a network of non-profit charitable organizations throughout the United States, Canada, and Mexico that raises money for various beneficiaries. Sarria is much revered within the hierarchy of the Imperial Court System and is affectionately and informally known as ""Mama"" or ""Mama José"" among Imperial Court members. The ""José"
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"On 9 November 1799 (18 Brumaire), Napoleon overthrew the French government, replacing it with the Consulate, in which he was First Consul. On 2 December 1804, after a failed assassination plot, he crowned himself Emperor. In 1805, Napoleon planned to invade Britain, but a renewed British alliance with Russia and Austria (Third Coalition), forced him to turn his attention towards the continent, while at the same time failure to lure the superior British fleet away from the English Channel, ending in a decisive French defeat at the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October put an end to hopes of an"
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"Norton County, Kansas Norton County (standard abbreviation: NT) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the county population was 5,671. The largest city and county seat is Norton. The county was established in 1867 and named for Orloff Norton, captain of Company L, 15th Kansas Militia Infantry Regiment. For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly"
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"nay. On 2 August 1802 (14 Thermidor, An X), Napoleon Bonaparte was proclaimed Consul for life. Pro-revolutionary sentiment swept through Germany aided by the ""Recess of 1803"", which brought Bavaria, Württemberg and Baden to France's side. William Pitt the Younger, back in power over Britain, appealed once more for an Anglo-Austro-Russian coalition against Napoleon to stop the ideals of revolutionary France from spreading. On 18 May 1804, Napoleon was given the title of ""Emperor of the French"" by the Senate; finally, on 2 December 1804, he was solemnly crowned, after receiving the Iron Crown of the Lombard kings, and was"
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"James Norton (solicitor) James Norton (27 July 179531 August 1862) was a solicitor and public figure in early colonial New South Wales. Admitted to practise in England, he arrived in Sydney in September 1818 where only four other attorneys were then practising. He was the founder of the first law firm in Sydney. He was a member of the first Legislative Council under responsible government in New South Wales in 1856 and drafted numerous laws. He held land at Mulgoa which was farmed and owned ""Elswick"", a 30 ha estate in what is now Leichhardt where he grew prize flowers"
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"in 1829, he appeared as counsel for the Crown in a number of significant cases. His son, James Norton Jr. was articled in the same law firm. The main street of Leichhardt is named in his honour. The 30 hectare Elswick estate was bounded by Parramatta Road, Norton Street, Marion Street and Elswick Street, Leichhardt; in 1882, it was sub-divided and offered as 600 lots. James Norton (solicitor) James Norton (27 July 179531 August 1862) was a solicitor and public figure in early colonial New South Wales. Admitted to practise in England, he arrived in Sydney in September 1818 where"
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"and plants. He was a leading Sydney member of the Anti-Transportation League and a protectionist in whose cause he published a series of pamphlets. James Norton was born on 27 July 1795 in Hastings, Sussex, England. After legal training, he was admitted as an attorney. Signing on as captain's clerk, he arrived at Port Jackson in September 1818 per the ""Maria"" with capital of £800. He joined a small legal profession in Sydney: the list of the attorneys of the colony in the New South Wales Pocket Almanac for 1819 read ""Thomas Wylde Esq, W H Moore Esq, Frederic Garling"
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"with himself as emperor. The plan failed, and he was forced to step down. In 1736, Theodor Stephan Freiherr von Neuhoff established himself as king of Corsica in an attempt to free the island of Corsica from Genoese rule. In 1804, French Consul Napoleon Bonaparte proclaimed himself ""Emperor Napoleon I"". Although this imperial regime ended with his fall from power, Napoleon's nephew, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, was elected in 1848 as President of France. In 1852, he declared himself ""Emperor Napoleon III""; he was deposed in 1870. In 1804, in Haiti, the governor general, Jean-Jacques Dessalines proclaimed himself ""Emperor Jacques I"". He"
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"Southern Illinois. The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him by Wabash College, Indiana, in 1868. He published in 1879 a ""History of the Presbyterian Church in Illinois"" (737 pp. 8vo). He married, November 12, 1834, Eliza, daughter of Deacon Noah Rogers, of Cornwall, who survived him with two sons and two daughters. Augustus Theodore Norton Augustus Theodore Norton (March 28, 1808 – April 29, 1884) was an American minister and author. Norton, only son of Theodore and Mary (Judd) Norton, was born in Cornwall, Conn., March 28, 1808. He graduated from Yale College in 1832. After graduation,"
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"Sunday, 17 June, in the presence of Cavour, Rattazzi, Durando and Paleocapa. Vittorio Emanuele II, who was mourning the death of his youngest son, was represented by the Prince of Carignano. On that day, the waters of the full lake lapped the railway. In 1859, for the first time in history, a railway was used for military operations: the Alessandria–Novara line was used for the speedy transport of Piedmontese troops between Casale and Novara, surprising the Austrian troops at the Battle of Magenta. Under the , the ownership of the lines of the ""Ferrovie dello Stato Piemontese"" (Piedmontese State Railways),"
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"The Emperor's Bridge Campaign The Emperor's Bridge Campaign is a San Francisco-based nonprofit whose mission is to honor the life and advance the legacy of Joshua Abraham Norton (c.1818 – 1880), better known as the 19th-century San Francisco eccentric, Emperor Norton. The Campaign was launched on 28 September 2013 as a project to carry forward the call of a 1 August 2013 Change.org petition to name the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge—long known locally simply as ""the Bay Bridge""—for Emperor Norton, who set out the original vision for the bridge with three newspaper proclamations published in 1872. Subsequently, the organization has"
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"declared the creation of the Kingdom of Italy on 18 February 1861 (officially proclaiming it on 17 March 1861) composed of both Northern Italy and Southern Italy. King Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy was then declared King of Italy, though he did not renumber himself with the assumption of the new title. This title had been out of use since the abdication of Napoleon I of France on 6 April 1814. Following the unification of most of Italy, tensions between the royalists and republicans erupted. In April 1861, Garibaldi entered the Italian parliament and challenged Cavour's leadership of the government,"
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"Coronation of Napoleon I The coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French took place on Sunday December 2, 1804 (11 Frimaire, Year XIII according to the French Republican Calendar) at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. It marked ""the instantiation of modern empire"" and was a ""transparently masterminded piece of modern propaganda"". Napoleon wanted to establish the legitimacy of his imperial reign, with its new royal family and new nobility. To this end, he designed a new coronation ceremony unlike that for the kings of France, which had emphasized the king's consecration (""sacre"") and anointment and was conferred by the"
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"Andrews Norton Andrews Norton (December 31, 1786 – September 18, 1853) was an American preacher and theologian. Along with William Ellery Channing, he was the leader of mainstream Unitarianism of the early and middle 19th century, and was known as the ""Unitarian Pope"". He was the father of the writer Charles Eliot Norton. In his early career, Andrews Norton helped to establish liberal Unitarianism in New England, and stridently opposed harshly conservative Calvinism and Trinitarianism. Nevertheless, later in life, he became the chief conservative Unitarian opponent of Transcendentalism. As a vocal and well-published theologian, he earned from some the joking"
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"Knight First Class of the Royal Order of Vasa as appointed by the King of Sweden. After John Jeppson’s death in 1920 the Norton Company began its expansion. The Norton Company opened up factories in Canada, France and Germany. At the time of Jeppson’s death Norton Company had twelve employees and two ovens. After the expansion of the Norton Company in Worcester the company now had multiple buildings and a huge complex consisting of some 50 buildings. His brother George Jeppson and nephew John Jeppson II would continue the family legacy at Norton, both servings as president and CEO. The"
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"Modena, Parma and Romagna decided to side with Sardinia-Piedmont. Victor Emmanuel then marched victoriously in the Marche and Umbria after the victorious battle of Castelfidardo (1860) over the Papal forces. The king subsequently met with Garibaldi at Teano, receiving from him the control of southern Italy. Another series of plebiscites in the occupied lands resulted in the proclamation of Victor Emmanuel as the first King of Italy by the new Parliament of unified Italy, on 17 March 1861. He did not renumber himself after assuming the new royal title, however. Turin became the capital of the new state. Only Rome,"
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"was an indirect insult by the Ottomans to the HRE and the Russians. The French kings also used it for Morocco (1682) and Persia (1715). Napoleon Bonaparte, who was already First Consul of the French Republic (""Premier Consul de la République française"") for life, declared himself Emperor of the French (""Empereur des Français"") on 18 May 1804, thus creating the French Empire (""Empire Français""). Napoleon relinquished the title of Emperor of the French on 6 April and again on 11 April 1814. Napoleon's infant son, Napoleon II, was recognized by the Council of Peers, as Emperor from the moment of"
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"Harrison-District 6 as combined into that of Almena-District 4. Norton County, Kansas Norton County (standard abbreviation: NT) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the county population was 5,671. The largest city and county seat is Norton. The county was established in 1867 and named for Orloff Norton, captain of Company L, 15th Kansas Militia Infantry Regiment. For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In"
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"Emperor"" on 18 January 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles following the Prussian victory. This victory surprised many military professionals around the world, since France had been considered a great military power, while Prussia was widely considered a lesser power, despite its military successes under Friedrich Wilhelm III, in 1813–15 over Napoleon, and more recently over Austria during the Seven Weeks' War of 1866. Most states hastened to adopt Prussian staff methods and structures, with mixed success. Concurrently, Moltke pushed for reassessment and self-improvement of Prussian military units to maintain tactical superiority relative to other"
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"The first saw and grist mills were built by Thomas Johnson in 1823 (saw) and 1830 (grist). Norton Township consisted of seven small villages: Loyal Oak (Also known as Bates' Corners located at 261 & Cleveland-Massillon Rd), Western Star (Greenwich and Medina Line Roads), Sherman (Originally known as Dennison located at Hametown Rd & Sherman St), Johnson's Corners (31st St & Wooster Rd W), Norton Center (Cleveland-Massillon & Greenwich Rd & Norton Ave), Hametown (Hametown and Wooster Roads), and New Portage (Wooster Rd N & Norton Ave.). One of Norton's famous families is the Seiberling family; Frank A. and Charles"
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"James Norton Jr. James Norton Jr., M.L.C. (5 December 1824 – 18 July 1906), was a politician in colonial New South Wales. Norton was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, the eldest son of the late Hon. James Norton, M.L.C., formerly a solicitor in large practice in Sydney, by his first wife, Jane, daughter of Alexander Kenneth Mackenzie. Norton was nominated to the New South Wales Legislative Council in October 1879, and was Postmaster-General in the Stuart ministry from May 1883 to May 1884. Norton practised as a solicitor in Sydney, being a Fellow of St. Paul's College within"
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"establishment of a meritorious order, the Legion of Honour. Then, in May 1804, Bonaparte was proclaimed Napoleon, Emperor of the French and crowned in Notre Dame Cathedral on 2 December 1804. He also created eighteen ""Marshals of the Empire"" from among his top generals, securing the allegiance of the army. Napoleon added the crown of (Northern) Italy to his mantle in May 1805, thereby placing a traditional Austrian sphere of influence under his rule (eventually through a viceroy, his stepson Eugène de Beauharnais). Keen on revenge and having been defeated twice in recent memory by France, Austria joined the Third"
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"back in Ajaccio in 1797 under the protection of General Napoleon. Soon after Napoleon became First Consul and then emperor, using his office to spread revolution throughout Europe. In 1811 he made Ajaccio the capital of the new Department of Corsica. Despite his subsequent defeat by the Prussians, Russians, and British, his exile and his death, no victorious power reversed that decision or tried to remove Corsica from France. Among the natives, though Corsican nationalism is strong, and feeling often runs high in favour of a union with Italy; loyalty to France, however, as evidenced by elections, remains stronger. In"
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"the University of Sydney and a trustee of the Free Public Library and Australian Museum in that city. He married first, at Longford, Tasmania, in June 1854, Harriott Mary, eldest daughter of Thomas Walker, Deputy Assistant Commissary-General of New South Wales (who died in 1860); and, secondly, at Sydney, in December 1862, Isabella, eldest daughter of Rev. William Stephens, of Levens, Westmoreland. Norton was a member of the Royal Society of New South Wales from 1873, and was a founder of Linnean Society of New South Wales in 1875, president in 1899 and 1900. James Norton Jr. James Norton Jr.,"
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"of California Pioneers. There are oft-repeated historical claims that Joshua Norton arrived in San Francisco on a specific vessel, the ""Franzeska"", on November 23, 1849; that he arrived with $40,000, in whole or in part a bequest from his father's estate; and that he parlayed this into a fortune of $250,000. None of this is substantiated by contemporaneous documentation. What is known is that, after Norton arrived in San Francisco, he enjoyed a good deal of success in commodities markets and in real estate speculation, and that by late 1852, he was one of the more prosperous, respected citizens of"
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Each star on the US flag has how many points?
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"center is at a distance equal to one-thirtieth of the length of the flag from the center of the disk. The location of the star's five points is determined by an imaginary disk centered on the star's center, its diameter equal to roughly 15% the length of the flag. The points of the star are equidistant from each other, and one of the points is located on the horizontal median of the flag to the left of the center of the imaginary disk. The star is surrounded on its left by a red crescent made by the intersection of two"
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"Flag of the United States The flag of the United States of America, often referred to as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States. It consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton (referred to specifically as the ""union"") bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows, where rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternate with rows of five stars. The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 states of the United States of America, and the"
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"13 stripes represent the thirteen British colonies that declared independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain, and became the first states in the U.S. Nicknames for the flag include the Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, and the Star-Spangled Banner. The current design of the U.S. flag is its 27th; the design of the flag has been modified officially 26 times since 1777. The 48-star flag was in effect for 47 years until the 49-star version became official on July 4, 1959. The 50-star flag was ordered by the then president Eisenhower on August 21, 1959, and was adopted in July"
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"describing the flag of the United States and the Great Seal of the United States, the term ""star"" is constantly used, and these nearly always appear with five straight-sided points. The term ""mullet"" or ""molet"" refers to a star with straight sides, typically having five or six points, but may have any number of points specified in the blazon. If the number of points is not specified, five points are presumed in Gallo-British heraldry, and six points are presumed in German-Nordic heraldry. Unlike estoiles, mullets have straight (rather than wavy) rays and may have originally represented the rowel of a"
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"Five-pointed star A five-pointed star (☆), geometrically a regular concave decagon, is a common ideogram in modern culture. Comparatively rare in classical heraldry, it was notably introduced for the flag of the United States in the Flag Act of 1777 and since has become widely used in flags. It has also become a symbol of fame or ""stardom"" in Western culture, among other uses. If the collinear edges are joined together a pentagram is produced. Sopdet, the Egyptian personification of the star Sirius, is always shown with the five-pointed star hieroglyph on her head. The star (or ""mullet"") is comparatively"
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"flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation. The Flag Act of 1794 () was signed into law by President George Washington on January 13, 1794. It changed the design of the flag to accommodate the admission into the Union of the states of Vermont and Kentucky. It provided for fifteen stripes as well as fifteen stars. This would be the only official flag of the United States not to have thirteen stripes. The Flag Act of 1818 () was"
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"to 13 so as to honor the original colonies. The act specified that new flag designs should become official on the first July 4 (Independence Day) following admission of one or more new states. The most recent change, from 49 stars to 50, occurred in 1960 when the present design was chosen, after Hawaii gained statehood in August 1959. Before that, the admission of Alaska in January 1959 prompted the debut of a short-lived 49-star flag. Prior to the adoption of the 48-star flag in 1912, there was no official arrangement of the stars in the canton, although the U.S."
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"the admission of every new state into the Union, one star be added to the union of the flag; and that such addition shall take effect of the fourth day of July then next succeeding such admission."" On July 4, 1912, the official flag design jumped from 46 to 48 stars, and there never was an official 47-star flag. The provenance of the museum's 47-star flag is unknown, although it presumably was manufactured to celebrate New Mexico's entry into the Union. The flag hung for many years in a bar in Blue Lake, California. The bar owner, Wade Topping, a"
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"newsprint, and charcoal, ""White Flag"" is the first monochrome rendering of the US flag by Johns. Measuring by , it is also the largest of his flag paintings. Johns worked on three separately stretched areas of canvas - the 48 stars to the upper left, seven of the thirteen stripes to the upper right, and the remaining six longer stripes below - which were then combined to form a whole. The U.S. flag is depicted in the form it took between 1912 and 1959, with 48 white stars on a blue canton representing the then U.S. states (prior to the"
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"the number of stars and the number of states and federal districts. The most recent modification was made on 11 May 1992, with the addition of four stars to the celestial globe (representing states created between 1982 and 1991), and a slight change in the stars' positions was made to match the astronomical coordinates correctly. The decree no. 4, issued on 19 November 1889, legally replaced the flag used under the constitutional monarchy with the new national flag. On 11 May 1992, the law no. 8,421, altered the celestial globe with the addition of six stars. The precise positions of"
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"features 13 five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, with the stars arranged pointing outwards from the circle (as opposed to up), the so-called Betsy Ross flag. The American flag shown in the painting ""Surrender of Lord Cornwallis"" by John Trumbull (c. 1820, depicting an event of 1781) shows twelve stars arranged along the outline of a rectangle with an additional star in the center. Five-pointed stars became more frequently used in the 19th century. The coat of arms of Valais, adopted for the Rhodanic Republic (1802), was designed with twelve five-pointed stars. The flag of Chile, introduced in 1817, has"
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"which is now the American national anthem. The flag is currently on display in the exhibition, ""The Star-Spangled Banner: The Flag That Inspired the National Anthem"" at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History in a two-story display chamber that protects the flag while it is on view. On April 4, 1818, a plan was passed by Congress at the suggestion of U.S. Naval Captain Samuel C. Reid in which the flag was changed to have 20 stars, with a new star to be added when each new state was admitted, but the number of stripes would be reduced"
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"Auguste Comte's motto of positivism: """"L'amour pour principe et l'ordre pour base; le progrès pour but"""" (""Love as a principle and order as the basis; progress as the goal""). Each star corresponds to a Brazilian Federative Unit and, according to Brazilian Law, the flag must be updated in case of creation or extinction of a state. At the time the flag was first adopted in 1889, it held 21 stars. Then it received one more star in 1960 (representing the city-state of Guanabara), then another in 1968 (representing Acre), and finally four more stars in 1992 (representing Amapá, Roraima, Rondônia"
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"Pennsylvania Flag may have been one of the first American flags to feature stars and stripes, although it was a militia company's flag, not a flag of Washington's army. The Flag Resolution of 1777 defined the official flag of the United States as having 13 stripes and 13 stars, although the specific pattern of the stars was not specified. Many variations existed. The flag shown in the canton of the Brandywine Flag uses a 4-5-4 star pattern, and was probably patterned after a Hopkinson-style United States flag. The Brandywine Flag is currently displayed in Philadelphia's Independence National Historical Park, and"
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"enacted by Congress on April 4, 1818. It provided for the modern rule of having thirteen stripes to represent the original thirteen colonies and having the number of stars match the number of states. It also provided that subsequent changes in the number of stars be made on July 4, Independence Day. As the result of the lack of a Flag Act between 1794 and 1818, there were no official U.S. flags with sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, or nineteen stars. No flag laws were enacted to accompany the admission of new states to the Union during this period. Flag Acts (United"
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"History of the flags of the United States This article describes the evolution of the flag of the United States of America, as well as other flags used within the country, such as the flags of governmental agencies. There are also separate flags for embassies and boats. Since 1818, a star for each new state has been added to the flag on the Fourth of July immediately following each state's admission. In years which multiple states were admitted, the number of stars on the flag jumped correspondingly; the most pronounced example of this is 1890, when five states were admitted"
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"stars and stripes, approved by the United States Congress's Flag Act of 1794, represent Vermont and Kentucky's entrance into the Union. The stars are arranged in vertical rows, with five horizontal rows of stars, offset, each containing three stars. At the time, the practice of adding stripes (in addition to stars) with the induction of a new state had not yet been discontinued. The flag originally measured . Each of the fifteen stripes is wide, and each of the stars measures about in diameter. After the battle, the Armistead family occasionally gave away pieces of the flag as souvenirs and"
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"the oldest surviving example of an American flag with eight-pointed stars. The flag was presented to the Grand Masonic Lodge of North Carolina in 1909 by Micajah Bullock's son, Edward, who was 81 years old at the time. While there is no historic documentation of the flag being used in the battle and studies of the flag suggest that it may have had 15 stars and 15 stripes at one time- either originally made or perhaps added on when U.S. flags had 15 stripes. The use of cotton cloth as the primary fabric is evidence of post-1790 construction. These factors"
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"as far back as 1777. On May 1, 1804, the number of U.S. states rose to seventeen, and it was expected that the U.S. flag would change to 17 stars and 17 stripes. In recognition, Vermont adopted what was expected to be the new U.S. flag with the addition of the name ""VERMONT"" embroidered along the top. The U.S. flag did not change in that way, resulting in the Vermont flag having more stripes than the national flag. On October 20, 1837, Vermont changed its flag to a design based on the current 13-stripe U.S. flag, but with the multiple"
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"bird and symbol of the United States. Above the eagle is a radiant cluster of 13 stars arranged in a six-pointed star. The eagle's breast is covered by a heraldic shield with 13 stripes that resemble those on the American flag. As on the first US flag, the stars and stripes stand for the 13 original states of the union. The eagle holds a ribbon in its beak reading ""E PLURIBUS UNUM"", a Latin phrase meaning ""Out of many [states], one [nation]"", a ""de facto"" motto of the United States (and the only one until 1956). In its left talons"
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"the number of points on the four biggest stars of the southern cross set to seven, ostensibly to improve ease of manufacture. The original variety of points was an indication of the relative brightness of each star as it appeared in the night sky. In 1908, the current Commonwealth star of seven points replaced the earlier six-pointed star. Despite executive branch proclamations as to the respective roles of the two red, white and blue ensigns there remained confusion until the Flags Act 1953 declared the blue ensign to be the ""Australia national flag"" and the ""Australian red ensign"" to be"
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"it had not been updated to reflect the five new states which had joined the union since that version of the flag was implemented in 1795. Wendover was the head of a congressional committee tasked with investigating possible alterations to the flag. Together, Wendover and Reid decided that the best way to honor all twenty states was to restore the number of stripes to the original thirteen, have twenty stars on the canton, and add a new star each time a new state joined the union. Reid sketched three flag designs, one for general use which featured the twenty stars"
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"for the white rose of Edward IV by the Earl of Warwick, so that he erroneously attacked his own ally, losing the battle, which probably changed the outcome of the entire War of the Roses. The five-pointed stars on the Flag of the United States were introduced in the Flag Act of 1777. The Flag Act did not specify any particular arrangement, number of points, nor orientation for the stars and the arrangement. Some flag makers arranged the stars into one big star, in a circle or in rows and some replaced a state's star with its initial. One arrangement"
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"still on display at National Park Service museum at the fort. Commercial replicas of the flag are widely available. Fort Sumter Flag The Fort Sumter Flag is a historic United States flag with a distinctive, diamond-shaped pattern of 33 stars. When the main flagpole was felled by shot during the bombardment of Fort Sumter by confederate forces, Second Lieutenant Norman Hall rushed to retrieve the flag and remount it on a makeshift pole. The flag was lowered by Major Robert Anderson on April 14, 1861 when he surrendered Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina, at the outset"
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"a single five-pointed star known as ""La Estrella Solitaria"" (The Lone Star). The similar flag of Texas was introduced in 1839. The star and crescent used by the Ottoman Empire was shown with an eight-pointed stars in early forms (18th century), but was changed to a five-pointed star in the official flag in 1844. Numerous other national or regional flags adopted five-pointed star designs in the later 19th to early 20th century, including Venezuela (1859), Honduras (1866), Philippines (1898), Cuba (1902), Panama (1925) and Jordan (1928). The Flag of Minnesota and 1901 Maine Flag both utilized the 5-pointed design. The"
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"Seal of the United States. Therefore, he would not be eligible to be paid for the Great Seal.. Furthermore, the Great Seal project was still a work in progress. The Seal was not finalized until June 20, 1782. Francis Hopkinson provided assistance to the second committee that designed the Great Seal of the United States. On today's seal, the 13 stars (constellation) representing the 13 original states have five points. They are arranged in a larger star that has six points. The constellation comprising 13 smaller stars symbolizes the national motto, ""E pluribus unum."" Originally, the design had individual stars"
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"Although early American flags featured stars with various numbers of points, the five-pointed star is the defining feature of the Betsy Ross design, and became the norm on Navy Ensigns. This may have been simply because five-pointed stars were more clearly defined from a distance. The arrangement of the stars varied widely throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. The circular arrangement of the ""Betsy Ross"" design was seen as early as 1777 at the surrender of General John Burgoyne at Saratoga. Eyewitness Alfred Street wrote: The stars were disposed in a circle, symbolizing the perpetuity of the Union; the ring,"
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"flag, she superintended the topping of it, having it fastened in the most secure manner to prevent its being torn away by (cannon) balls: the wisdom of her precaution was shown during the engagement: many shots piercing it, but it still remained firm to the staff. Your father (Col. Armistead) declared that no one but the maker of the flag should mend it, and requested that the rents should merely be bound around. The large flag contained over of fabric, and included 15 stripes and 15 stars, one for each of the 15 states of the union. The stars were"
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"Fort Sumter Flag The Fort Sumter Flag is a historic United States flag with a distinctive, diamond-shaped pattern of 33 stars. When the main flagpole was felled by shot during the bombardment of Fort Sumter by confederate forces, Second Lieutenant Norman Hall rushed to retrieve the flag and remount it on a makeshift pole. The flag was lowered by Major Robert Anderson on April 14, 1861 when he surrendered Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina, at the outset of the American Civil War. Anderson brought the flag to New York City for an April 20, 1861 patriotic"
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"small 5-point stars or 16-point suns on the ribbon & ribbon bar indicate additional awards. 2nd Award -bronze star; 3rd Award -bronze & silver stars; 4th Award -bronze, silver, & gold stars; 5th Award -bronze, silver, & 2 gold stars; 6th Award -bronze, silver, & 3 gold stars; 7th Award -gold sun on a circlet of laurel; 8th Award -2 gold suns on laurel circlets; 9th Award -3 gold suns on laurel circlets; 10th Award -4 gold suns on laurel circlets. Awarded for acts of valor or daring in action during time of peace or civil disturbance. The medal is"
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"John Trumbull. Despite the 1777 resolution, the early years of American independence featured many different flags. Most were individually crafted rather than mass-produced. While there are many examples of 13-star arrangements, some of those flags included blue stripes as well as red and white. Benjamin Franklin and John Adams, in a letter dated October 3, 1778, to Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, described the American flag as consisting of ""13 stripes, alternately red, white, and blue, a small square in the upper angle, next the flag staff, is a blue field, with 13 white stars, denoting a new Constellation."""
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"was the Grand Union Flag, 13 alternating red and white stripes with the British Flag in the union. The Stars and Stripes received its first salute when John Paul Jones saluted France with 13 guns at Quiberon Bay in 1778 (the Stars and Stripes was not adopted as the national flag until 14 June 1777). The practice of firing one gun for each state in the union was not officially authorized until 1810, when the United States Department of War declared the number of rounds fired in the ""National Salute"" to be equivalent to the number of states—which, at the"
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"Commonwealth Star The Commonwealth Star (also known as the Federation Star, the Seven Point Star, or the Star of Federation) is a seven-pointed star symbolising the Federation of Australia which came into force on 1 January 1901. Six points of the Star represent the six original states of the Commonwealth of Australia, while the seventh point represents the territories and any other future states of Australia. The original star had only six points; however, the proclamation in 1905 of the Territory of Papua led to the addition of the seventh point in 1909 to represent it and future territories. The"
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A gosling is the young of what animal?
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"of ""Hogfather"", an adaptation of the ""Discworld"" novel by author Terry Pratchett. On 22 April 2007, ""Hogfather"" won the BAFTA Television Craft Award for best special effects. Gosling is also a musician, appearing on the soundtrack of the PlayStation videogame ""Croc 2"". Simon Gosling Simon ""Goose"" Gosling (born 9 April 1969) is a British designer and builder of special effects models. He is best known for building the interior set of the Millennium Falcon cockpit for """" in 2014. Also his work on commercials featuring stop-frame animation for Brisk, Apple Jacks and Chips Ahoy in America, and the Windy Miller"
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"away from food. Like all geese, the goslings are not fed by the adults. Instead of bringing food to the newly hatched goslings, the goslings are brought to the ground. Unable to fly, the three-day-old goslings jump off the cliff and fall; their small size, feathery down, and very light weight helps to protect some of them from serious injury when they hit the rocks below, but many die from the impact. Arctic foxes are attracted by the noise made by the parent geese during this time, and capture many dead or injured goslings. The foxes also stalk the young"
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"more than 2 to 3 fledglings. One pair in North America was able to successfully fledge all four of its young. Somewhat larger numbers of female fledglings are produced in Europe with their larger size, but the opposite is true in North America where sexual dimorphism is less pronounced. When food supplies are very high, though, European goshawks actually can produce somewhat more males than females. At about 50 days old, the young goshawks may start hunting on their own but more often eat carrion either provided by parents or biologists. Most fledglings stay within of the nest at 65"
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"including animal, plant, mineral and man-made objects. The one to two, occasionally three, eggs are laid from July–November, with a peak from August–October, and they are incubated by the female for around 36–38 days, while the male brings food to her at the nest. Initially, the young are brooded and guarded by the female, while the male hunts to provide all the food. The young fledge at about 50 days old, and are fully independent roughly 3–8 months after fledging. They move away from their natal area at the beginning of the following breeding season. The chanting goshawks are sometimes"
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"Adult males have a black head and hindneck, buff cheeks and heavily furrowed neck. The neck has black and white diagonal stripes. Aside from being smaller, the female Nene is similar to the male in colouration. The adult's bill, legs and feet are black. It has soft feathers under its chin. Goslings resemble the male, but are a duller brown and with less demarcation between the colours of the head and neck, and striping and barring effects are much reduced. The nene is an inhabitant of shrubland, grassland, coastal dunes, and lava plains, and related anthropogenic habitats such as pasture"
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"any other goose; most eggs are laid between November and January. Unlike most other waterfowl, the nene mates on land. Nests are built by females on a site of her choosing, in which one to five eggs are laid (average is three on Maui and Hawaii, four on Kauai). Females incubate the eggs for 29 to 32 days, while the male acts as a sentry. Goslings are precocial, able to feed on their own; they remain with their parents until the following breeding season. The nene is a herbivore that will either graze or browse, depending on the availability of"
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"their goslings in a line, usually with one adult at the front, and the other at the back. While protecting their goslings, parents often violently chase away nearby creatures, from small blackbirds to lone humans who approach, after warning them by giving off a hissing sound and then attack with bites and slaps of the wings if the threat does not retreat or has seized a gosling. Canada geese are especially protective animals, and will sometimes attack any animal nearing its territory or offspring, including humans. Most of the species that prey on eggs also take a gosling. Although parents"
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"on a beaver lodge. Its eggs are laid in a shallow depression lined with plant material and down. The incubation period, in which the female incubates while the male remains nearby, lasts for 24–28 days after laying. As the annual summer molt also takes place during the breeding season, the adults lose their flight feathers for 20–40 days, regaining flight about the same time as their goslings start to fly. As soon as the goslings hatch, they are immediately capable of walking, swimming, and finding their own food (a diet similar to the adult geese). Parents are often seen leading"
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"Rooster A rooster, also known as a cockerel or cock, is an adult male gallinaceous bird, usually an adult male chicken (""Gallus gallus domesticus""). Mature male chickens less than one year old are called cockerels. The term ""rooster"" originates in the United States, and the term is widely used throughout North America, as well as Australia and New Zealand. The older terms ""cock"" or ""cockerel"", the latter denoting a young cock, are used in the United Kingdom and Ireland. ""Roosting"" is the action of perching aloft to sleep at day, which is done by both sexes. The rooster is polygamous,"
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"huge wintering flocks graze on farmland; individual flocks can be spectacular, such as the 66,000 at Loch of Strathbeg, Aberdeenshire in early September 2003. Nesting is often on cliffs close to glaciers to provide protection from mammalian predators (mainly Arctic fox), also on islets in lakes. Three to six eggs are laid in early to mid-May in Iceland, late May in Svalbard, with incubation lasting 26–27 days. On hatching, the goslings accompany the parents on foot to the nearest lake, where they fledge after about 56 days. Southbound migration is from mid-September to early October, and northbound from mid-April to"
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"males older than 1-year-old (sometimes called gobblers or toms) and, occasionally to a lesser extent, males younger than 1-year-old (sometimes called jakes) gobble to announce their presence to females and competing males. The gobble can carry for up to a mile. Males also emit a low-pitched ""drumming"" sound; produced by the movement of air in the air sack in the chest, similar to the booming of a prairie chicken. In addition they produce a sound known as the ""spit"" which is a sharp expulsion of air from this air sack. Hens ""yelp"" to let gobblers know their location. Gobblers often"
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"kingly child. The Goose-Girl cheers up and vows to win the King's Son. One of her geese brings her the golden crown; she tears off the shawl she has been wearing, revealing a head of glorious golden hair, prays to her parents for help, and suddenly a star falls down from the starry sky and into the lily, which glows. ""Redeemed!"" the Goose-Girl cries, and rushes away, followed by the Fiddler and her flock of geese. In the central square of the town, just outside the inn, the people are in a turmoil of excitement, eager to welcome their new"
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"Classico is a black rooster. A black cockerel was believed in medieval times to be a symbol of witchcraft along with the black cat, with the rooster ""used as symbols of either virtue or vice"" until modern times. Rooster A rooster, also known as a cockerel or cock, is an adult male gallinaceous bird, usually an adult male chicken (""Gallus gallus domesticus""). Mature male chickens less than one year old are called cockerels. The term ""rooster"" originates in the United States, and the term is widely used throughout North America, as well as Australia and New Zealand. The older terms"
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"Goblin A goblin is a monstrous creature from European folklore, first attested in stories from the Middle Ages. They are ascribed various and conflicting abilities, temperaments and appearances depending on the story and country of origin. They are almost always small and grotesque, mischievous or outright malicious, and greedy, especially for gold and jewelry. They often have magical abilities similar to a fairy or demon. Similar creatures include brownies, dwarfs, duendes, gnomes, imps, and kobolds. Alternative spellings include ""gobblin"", ""gobeline"", ""gobling"", ""goblyn"", ""goblino"", and ""gobbelin"" English ""goblin"" is first recorded in the 14th century and is probably from unattested Anglo-Norman"
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"trees on a platform of sticks and twigs with a central depression lined with green leaves. The female lays a clutch containing 2 or 3 eggs, which are incubated for about 35 days. Chicks fledge 35–40 days after hatching. The female is usually responsible for incubating the eggs and feeding the young. The male does most of the hunting. State of Victoria (Australia) Grey goshawk The grey goshawk (""Accipiter novaehollandiae"") the white morph of which is known as the white goshawk, is a strongly built, medium-sized bird of prey in the family ""Accipitridae"". The grey morph has a pale grey"
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"the elephant seal as an animal that experiences a compressed childhood, being abandoned after three weeks and left for up to another eight alone, while it becomes large enough to be able to swim. For terns, there is safety in numbers as the dense population works together to drive out marauding gulls. The snow geese in the Russian Arctic show intense devotion as they escort their goslings by foot to the coast some 50 kilometres away. Scorpions carry their young on their backs, while a shrew will leave hers under a stone while she goes to feed. The eider duck"
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"Old English ""gōs"" with the plural ""gēs"" and ""gandres"" (becoming Modern English goose, geese, gander, and gosling, respectively), Frisian ""goes"", ""gies"" and ""guoske"", New High German ""Gans"", ""Gänse"", and ""Ganter"", and Old Norse ""gās"". This term also gave , (goose, from Old Irish ""géiss""), , Ancient (""khēn""), , (heron), Sanskrit ""hamsa"" and ""hamsi"", , Avestan ""zāō"", , , (""guska"" / ""gusak""), (""gusyna"" / ""gus""), , and (""ghāz""). The term ""goose"" applies to the female in particular, while ""gander"" applies to the male in particular. Young birds before fledging are called ""goslings"". The collective noun for a group of geese on"
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"In addition to other bovid species (such as bison, yak and water buffalo), these include the young of camels, dolphins, elephants, giraffes, hippopotamuses, larger deer (such as moose, elk (wapiti) and red deer), rhinoceroses, porpoises, whales, walruses and larger seals. However, common domestic species tend to have their own specific names, such as foal and lamb. Calf A calf (plural, calves) is the young of domestic cattle. Calves are reared to become adult cattle, or are slaughtered for their meat, called veal, and for their calfskin. The term ""calf"" is also used for some other species. See ""Other animals"" below."
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"the edge. The young goshawks ""play"" by seizing and striking violent at a perch or by yanking off leaves and tossing them over their back. Wing feathers do not develop highly dimorphically, but male branchers are better developed than females who have more growing to do and can leave the nest up to 1–3 days sooner. The young rarely return to the nest after being 35 to 46 days of age and start their first flight another 10 days later, thus becoming full fledglings. Goshawk nestlings frequently engage in “runting”, wherein the older siblings push aside and call more loudly"
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"It is a medium-sized grey or speckled bird with a small naked head with colourful wattles and a knob on top, and was domesticated by the time of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Guinea fowl are hardy, sociable birds that subsist mainly on insects, but also consume grasses and seeds. They will keep a vegetable garden clear of pests and will eat the ticks that carry Lyme disease. They happily roost in trees and give a loud vocal warning of the approach of predators. Their flesh and eggs can be eaten in the same way as chickens, young birds being"
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"Sterling's concerns for his older brother Herschel, off fighting in World War I in Europe.) The boy reconnects with society through the unlikely intervention of his pet raccoon, a ""ringtailed wonder"" charmer. The book begins with the capture of the baby raccoon, and follows his growth to a yearling. The story is also a personal chronicle of the era of change between the (nearly) untouched forest wilderness and agriculture; between the days of the pioneers and the rise of towns; and between horse-drawn transportation and automobiles, among other transitions. The author recounts through the eyes of himself as a boy"
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"20th century. Birds are represented by barnacle goose, pink-footed goose, snow goose, whooper swan, king eider, common eider, long-tailed duck, Brunnich's guillemot, black guillemot, little auk, puffin, fulmar, herring gull, glaucous gull, great black-backed gull, kittiwake, Arctic tern, red-throated diver, great northern diver, red-breasted merganser, ptarmigan, raven, snowy owl, Greenlandic gyrfalcon, etc. Most of them are migrating species and form large colonies which may contain up to millions of individuals (for little auk). Fishes of the area include Arctic char, Greenland halibut, polar cod, cuttlefish, wolf fish, sea scorpion and Greenland shark. Aquatic mammals are dominated by seals (ringed, hooded,"
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"if a mate dies, the remaining swan will take up with another. The number of eggs in each clutch ranges from three to eight. The English word 'swan', akin to the German ""Schwan"", Dutch ""zwaan"" and Swedish ""svan"", is derived from Indo-European root ""*swen"" (to sound, to sing). Young swans are known as ""swanlings"" or as ""cygnets""; the latter derives via Old French ""cigne"" or ""cisne"" (diminutive suffix -""et"" ""little"") from the Latin word """", a variant form of ""cycnus"" ""swan"", itself from the Greek ""kýknos"", a word of the same meaning. An adult male is a ""cob"", from Middle"
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"carries them to the water in her mouth, as some other crocodilian species are known to do. The young are tiny replicas of adult American alligators with a series of yellow bands around their bodies that serve as camouflage. Hatchlings gather into pods and are guarded by their mother and keep in contact with her through their ""yelping"" vocalizations. Young American alligators eat small fish, frogs, crayfish, and insects. They are preyed on by large fish, birds, raccoons, and adult American alligators. Mother American alligators eventually become more aggressive towards their young, which encourages them to disperse. Young American alligators"
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"of predators. After the eggs hatch, some grouping of families occur, enabling the geese to defend their young by their joint actions, such as mobbing or attacking predators. After driving off a predator, a gander will return to its mate and give a ""triumph call"", a resonant honk followed by a low-pitched cackle, uttered with neck extended forward parallel with the ground. The mate and even unfledged young reciprocate in kind. Young greylags stay with their parents as a family group, migrating with them in a larger flock, and only dispersing when the adults drive them away from their newly"
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"Bekisar The Bekisar, or Ayam Bekisar, is the first generation hybrid offspring of the green junglefowl (""Gallus varius"") and domesticated red junglefowl from Java (""Gallus gallus bankiva""). The roosters have a glossy blackish green plumage and are highly prized for their loud clear calls and striking colouration, while the hens are usually dull and infertile. Bekisars were traditionally used by the original inhabitants of the Sunda Islands as symbolic or spiritual mascots on outrigger canoes, and consequently spread over a wide area. The original hybrids are rarely fertile (and hens are generally sterile), but backcrosses with domestic chicken are sometimes"
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"another adult. The young start communicating with each other while still in the egg; this may help synchronise hatching. Newly hatched juveniles use various yelps and grunts. When startled, a warning sound emitted by one will send all the juveniles diving to the bottom of the water. Adults in the vicinity respond with growls, threats, and attacks. The distress noises of a youngster when handled at a ranching facility was observed to cause all the larger animals to become involved in frenzied activity, with some rushing towards the juvenile and others thrashing about in the water and slapping their heads"
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"Changeling A changeling is a creature found in folklore and folk religion throughout Europe. A changeling was believed to be a fairy child that had been left in place of a human child stolen by the fairies. The theme of the swapped child is common in medieval literature and modernly reflects concern over infants thought to be afflicted with unexplained diseases, disorders, or developmental disabilities. A changeling is typically identifiable via a number of traits; in Irish legend, a fairy child may appear sickly and won't grow in size like a normal child, and may have notable physical characteristics such"
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"Hatchling In oviparious biology, a hatchling is a newly hatched fish, amphibian, reptile, or bird. A group of mammals called monotremes lay eggs, and their young are hatchlings as well. Fish hatchlings generally do not receive parental care, similar to reptiles. Like reptiles, fish hatchlings can be affected by xenobiotic compounds. For example, exposure to xenoestrogens can feminize fish. As well, hatchlings raised in water with high levels of carbon dioxide demonstrate unusual behaviour, such as being attracted to the scent of predators. This change could be reversed by immersion into gabazine water, leading to the hypothesis that acidic waters"
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"the Old French ""gobelin"" via the English ""goblin"". The term goblette has been used to refer to female goblins. Many Asian lagyt creatures have been likened to, or translated as, goblins. Some examples for these: Goblin A goblin is a monstrous creature from European folklore, first attested in stories from the Middle Ages. They are ascribed various and conflicting abilities, temperaments and appearances depending on the story and country of origin. They are almost always small and grotesque, mischievous or outright malicious, and greedy, especially for gold and jewelry. They often have magical abilities similar to a fairy or demon."
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"Goblin shark The goblin shark (""Mitsukurina owstoni"") is a rare species of deep-sea shark. Sometimes called a ""living fossil"", it is the only extant representative of the family Mitsukurinidae, a lineage some 125 million years old. This pink-skinned animal has a distinctive profile with an elongated, flattened snout, and highly protrusible jaws containing prominent nail-like teeth. It is usually between long when mature, though it can grow considerably larger. Goblin sharks inhabit upper continental slopes, submarine canyons, and seamounts throughout the world at depths greater than , with adults found deeper than juveniles. Various anatomical features of the goblin shark,"
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"recognizes it as the same creature from the video. Balinger theorizes that the creature is a dinosaur, however, the military disregard his theories and assume it came from another planet. As Balinger and Kevin watch the military transport the body, Balinger names the creature ""Godzilla"", based on an old Japanese myth about a dragon. Off the coast of California, the adult Godzilla surfaces and destroys an oil derrick and a tanker. The dead Baby Godzilla is stored at a warehouse at the Embarcadero for studying purposes. Balinger becomes alarmed when researchers who came into contact with the body begin suffering"
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"the female produces the growl in order for the make to know her location for mating. Growling Growling is a low, guttural vocalization produced by predatory animals as an aggressive warning but can also be found in other contexts such as playful behaviors or mating. Different animals will use growling in specifics contexts as a form of communication. In Humans low or dull rumbling noises may also be emitted when they are discontent with something or they are angry, although this human sound is often termed ""groaning"". Animals that growl include felines, bears, canines, and crocodilians. The animals most commonly"
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Newspaper editor Horace Greeley famously advised young men to do what "and grow up with the country" in an 1865 editorial?
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"""Go West, young man"" is a reference to a famous phrase by Horace Greeley, who, in a 13 July 1865 editorial, advised: ""Go West, young man, go West and grow up with the country."" The song was performed live by Genesis on their 1978 tour and was used as a frequent opening number on their 1980 tour, but the song was not performed live thereafter. In Japan and North America it was released as a single, but re-titled as ""Go West Young Man (In the Motherlode)"". Deep in the Motherlode ""Deep in the Motherlode"", also titled ""Go West Young Man"
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"Congress to make public lands available for purchase at cheap rates to settlers. He told his readers, ""Fly, scatter through the country, go to the Great West, anything rather than remain here ... the West is the true destination."" In 1838, he advised ""any young man"" about to start in the world, ""Go to the West: there your capabilities are sure to be appreciated and your energy and industry rewarded."" In 1838, Greeley met Albany editor Thurlow Weed. Weed spoke for a liberal faction of the Whigs in his newspaper the Albany ""Evening Journal"". He hired Greeley as editor of"
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"late 1860s was Mark Twain; Henry George sometimes contributed pieces, as did Bret Harte. In 1870, John Hay joined the staff as an editorial writer. Greeley soon pronounced Hay the most brilliant at that craft ever to write for the ""Tribune"". Greeley maintained his interest in associationism. Beginning in 1869, he was heavily involved in an attempt to found a utopia, called the Union Colony of Colorado, on the prairie in a scheme led by Nathan Meeker. The new town of Greeley, Colorado Territory was named after him. He served as treasurer and lent Meeker money to keep the colony"
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"Horace Greeley Horace Greeley (February 3, 1811 – November 29, 1872) was an American author and statesman who was the founder and editor of the ""New-York Tribune"", among the great newspapers of its time. Long active in politics, he served briefly as a congressman from New York, and was the unsuccessful candidate of the new Liberal Republican party in the 1872 presidential election against incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant. Greeley was born to a poor family in Amherst, New Hampshire. He was apprenticed to a printer in Vermont and went to New York City in 1831 to seek his fortune."
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"to Williams, the ""Tribune"" could mold public opinion through Greeley's editorials more effectively than could the president. Greeley sharpened those skills over time, laying down what future Secretary of State John Hay, who worked for the ""Tribune"" in the 1870s, deemed the ""Gospel according to St. Horace"". The ""Tribune"" remained a Whig paper, but Greeley took an independent course. In 1848, he had been slow to endorse the Whig presidential nominee, General Zachary Taylor, a Louisianan and hero of the Mexican–American War. Greeley opposed both the war and the expansion of slavery into the new territories seized from Mexico, and"
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"partner purchased the ""Colusa Sun"" newspaper. As editor-publisher of the ""Sun"", he concentrated on representing his local area. Largely self-taught (as a youth, he received no formal education beyond the old backwoods field school), he was interested in practical education. His view of editorship was that a newspaperman should teach his community social responsibilities and educate men to live happily together. He also became known as an advocate of states' rights, although he was clear to distinguish that from slavery. On June 1, 1865 he wrote, ""There could be such a thing as a Republic in this country without slavery,"
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"favored westward expansion. He saw the fertile farmland of the west as an ideal place for people willing to work hard for the opportunity to succeed. The phrase came to symbolize the idea that agriculture could solve many of the nation's problems of poverty and unemployment characteristic of the big cities of the East. It is one of the most commonly quoted sayings from the nineteenth century and may have had some influence on the course of American history. Some sources have claimed the phrase is derived from Greeley's July 13, 1865 editorial in the ""New York Tribune"", but this"
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"enclosed grounds at Cold Spring October 7 & 8. The Fair returned to Aurora in 1854 and 1855. The year 1855 was distinguished by two important circumstances in the history of the Ag society. First it was then for the first time, that admission fee of 12 ½ cents was imposed. Secondly, it was the year that famed newspaper editor and once candidate for President Horace Greeley spoke as a main attraction. Greeley is noted for his famous admonition, ""Go west, young man, go west!"" His speech at the Fair was a practical talk – on drainage, the use of"
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"of high-speed presses for city papers, and free postage for rural sheets, newspapers proliferated. In 1850, the Census counted 1,630 party newspapers (with a circulation of about one per voter), and only 83 ""independent"" papers. The party line was behind every line of news copy, not to mention the authoritative editorials, which exposed the ""stupidity"" of the enemy and the ""triumphs"" of the party in every issue. Editors were senior party leaders, and often were rewarded with lucrative postmasterships. Top publishers, such as Horace Greeley, Whitelaw Reid, Schuyler Colfax, Warren Harding and James Cox, were nominated on the national ticket."
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"do. Abolitionists had long been urging Lincoln to free all slaves. In the summer of 1862, Republican editor Horace Greeley of the highly influential New York Tribune wrote a famous editorial entitled ""The Prayer of Twenty Millions"" demanding a more aggressive attack on the Confederacy and faster emancipation of the slaves: ""On the face of this wide earth, Mr. President, there is not one ... intelligent champion of the Union cause who does not feel ... that the rebellion, if crushed tomorrow, would be renewed if slavery were left in full vigor and that every hour of deference to slavery"
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"open into a large reception hall with tiled floor, and curving staircase. The pointed-arch motif is repeated in the door panels, banister spindles and on the chimney breasts of the fireplaces. The living room is the size of a ballroom, with exposed beams on its ceilings and an exposed chimney. In the early 1850s, Horace Greeley, editor of the ""New York Tribune"" and a former congressman, bought a house in Chappaqua near the New York and Harlem Railroad station. In addition to giving his family a quiet and cool place to escape the city during hot summers, he also bought"
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"from the paths of men, and a thousand perverting and degrading circumstances and influences will be purged from the social world."" Brisbane's 1840 book was well-received and it enjoyed immediate success, gaining a broad readership among those concerned with the problems of society and helping to launch the Fourierist movement in the United States. Among those who read Brisbane's book and was thereby converted to the ideas of socialism was a young New York newspaper publisher, Horace Greeley, later elected to the US House of Representatives. Greeley would provide valuable service to the Fourierist movement by advancing its ideas in"
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"coverage of the First Battle of Bull Run. By 1862 he was managing editor of the ""Press"" and another newspaper. In 1865 he moved to New York, where he became a close friend of Henry George and helped to distribute ""Progress and Poverty"". He began writing for Horace Greeley's ""New York Tribune"" and became managing editor of that paper. He also began working for the government, undertaking missions to Europe for the US Department of State and the US Department of the Treasury. In 1872, he joined the ""New York Herald"" and reported for them from Europe. Young was invited"
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"page”, which was included in the ""Herald"", and also for his coverage of women in the news. His innovations sparked imitation as he spared nothing to get the news first. Horace Greeley, publisher of 1841's ""The New York Tribune"", also had an extremely successful penny paper. He was involved with the first penny paper in America, Boston’s ""Morning Post"", which was a failure. Instead of sensational stories, Greeley relied on rationalism in the ""Tribune"". His editorial pages were the heart of his paper and the reason for its large influence. Greeley is also known for using his newspaper as a"
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"1831, Greeley went to New York City to seek his fortune. There were many young printers in New York who had likewise come to the metropolis, and he could only find short-term work. In 1832, Greeley worked as an employee of the publication ""Spirit of the Times"". He built his resources and set up a print shop in that year. In 1833, he tried his hand with Horatio D. Sheppard at editing a daily newspaper, the ""New York Morning Post"", which was not a success. Despite this failure and its attendant financial loss, Greeley published the thrice-weekly ""Constitutionalist"", which mostly"
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"one point, the couple invited young Spiritualist Kate Fox to live with them for four months while they attempted to contact the spirit of their dead son through seances. The Greeleys were visited there by Henry David Thoreau, who shared Greeley's interest in land conservation. The ""Tribune"" published Thoreau's essay ""The Succession of Forest Trees"", after he and Greeley had an extensive discussion of forestry on one visit; the relationship continued to later years, when Greeley invited Thoreau to tutor the family's children. During the Civil War, Greeley continued his advocacy for abolition in the ""Tribune""'s editorial pages. A mob"
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"Tribune, Kansas Tribune is a city in and the county seat of Greeley County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 741. Tribune was founded in 1886. The railroad depot was built in 1887, at which time Tribune was designated as the county seat. The city is named after the ""New York Tribune"", of which Horace Greeley of Chappaqua, New York was the editor. Greeley encouraged western settlement with the motto ""Go West, young man"". As of January 1, 2009, the City of Tribune and Greeley County have operated as a unified government. The resulting"
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"play of that well-stored and brilliant mind"". In addition to writing, Hay was signed by the prestigious Boston Lyceum Bureau, whose clients included Mark Twain and Susan B. Anthony, to give lectures on the prospects for democracy in Europe, and on his years in the Lincoln White House. By the time President Grant ran for reelection in 1872, Grant's administration had been rocked by scandal, and some disaffected members of his party formed the Liberal Republicans, naming Greeley as their candidate for president, a nomination soon joined in by the Democrats. Hay was unenthusiastic about the editor-turned-candidate, and in his"
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"(James Ford Rhodes) and in Wisconsin and Illinois. The work of Greeley and his associates in these years gave a new strength and a new scope and outlook to American journalism. Greeley was a vigorous advocate of freedom of the press, especially in the 1830s and 1840s. He fought numerous libel lawsuits waged battles with the New York City postmaster, and shrugged off threats of duels and physical violence to his body. Greeley used his hard-hitting editorials to alert the public to dangers to press freedom. He would not tolerate any threats to freedom and democracy which curtailed the ability"
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"years, and when she moved to Italy, he made her a foreign correspondent. He promoted the work of Henry David Thoreau, serving as literary agent and seeing to it that Thoreau's work was published. Ralph Waldo Emerson also benefited from Greeley's promotion. Historian Allan Nevins explained: Greeley, who had met his wife at a Graham boarding house, became enthusiastic about other social movements that did not last, and promoted them in his paper. He subscribed to the views of Charles Fourier, a French social thinker, then recently deceased, who proposed the establishment of settlements called ""phalanxes"" with a given number"
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"through its own words, interpreted to him by his own divine instincts. (p. 107) During his lifetime, and subsequently, the ""Republican"" office was a sort of school for young journalists, especially in the matter of pungency and conciseness of style, one of his maxims being ""put it all in the first paragraph."" In 1865, he made a journey to the Pacific coast with a large company, and in 1868 travelled as far as Colorado. In 1869, he again crossed the continent. He visited Europe in 1862, and again in 1870, 1871, and 1874; indeed, frequent trips were a necessity to"
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"newspapers was in the period immensely widened and enriched, and rendered relatively free from the worst subjection to political control. Naturally, the outstanding feature of this personal journalism was the editorial. Rescued from the slough of ponderousness into which it had fallen in its abject and uninspired party service, the editorial was revived, invigorated, and endowed with a vitality that made it the center about which all other features of the newspaper were grouped. It was individual; however large the staff of writers, the editorials were regarded as the utterance of the editor. ""Greeley says"" was the customary preface to"
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"submitted articles under Marx's by-line. Founded in a time of civil unrest, the paper joined the newly formed Republican Party in 1854, named it after the party of Thomas Jefferson, and emphasized its opposition to slavery. The paper generated a large readership, with a circulation of approximately 200,000 during the decade of the 1850s. This made the paper the largest circulation daily in New York City — gaining commensurate influence among voters and political decision-makers in the process. During the Civil War Greeley crusaded against slavery, lambasted Democrats and called for a draft of soldiers for the first time. In"
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"at Phillips Exeter Academy, but the Greeleys were too proud to accept charity. In 1820, Zaccheus's financial reverses caused him to flee New Hampshire with his family lest he be imprisoned for debt, and settle in Vermont. Even as his father struggled to make a living as a hired hand, Horace Greeley read everything he could—the Greeleys had a neighbor who let Horace use his library. In 1822, Horace ran away from home to become a printer's apprentice, but was told he was too young. In 1826, at age 15, he was made a printer's apprentice to Amos Bliss, editor"
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"to recover his health at his home on Staten Island, Gay accepted the position of assistant to the managing editor, and later the managing editor, for Horace Greeley's ""New-York Tribune"". Although Greeley unrelentingly criticized President Lincoln's handling of the Civil War, Gay ensured the ""Tribune"" was a pro-Union paper. Gay defied Greeley's command against arming the ""Tribune"" building during the 1863 Draft Riots and prevented a mob from burning it to the ground. when Greeley demoted Gay after the war, he resigned. Gay was emotionally and physically exhausted. After a long rest in Hingham, he accepted a job at the"
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"in the new administration. Nevertheless, Hay attempted to ingratiate himself with the new President by sending him a gold ring with a strand of George Washington's hair, a gesture that Hayes deeply appreciated. Hay spent time working with Nicolay on their Lincoln biography, and traveling in Europe. When Reid, who had succeeded Greeley as editor of the ""Tribune"", was offered the post of Minister to Germany in December 1878, he turned it down and recommended Hay. Secretary of State William M. Evarts indicated that Hay ""had not been active enough in political efforts"", to Hay's regret, who told Reid that"
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"election, there was talk of secession in the South. The ""Tribune"" was initially in favor of peaceful separation, with the South becoming a separate nation. According to an editorial on November 9: Similar editorials appeared through January 1861, after which ""Tribune"" editorials took a hard line on the South, opposing concessions. Williams concludes that ""for a brief moment, Horace Greeley had believed that peaceful secession might be a form of freedom preferable to civil war"". This brief flirtation with disunion would have consequences for Greeley—it was used against him by his opponents when he ran for president in 1872. In"
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"Bennett turned over daily operations of the ""Herald"" to his son James Gordon Bennett, Jr., and lived in seclusion until his death in 1872. That year, Greeley, who had been an early supporter of the Republican Party, had called for reconciliation of North and South following the war and criticized Radical Reconstruction. Gradually becoming disenchanted with Ulysses S. Grant, Greeley became the surprise nominee of the Liberal Republican faction of the party (and the Democrats) in the 1872 presidential election. The editor had left daily operations of the ""Tribune"" to his protege, Whitelaw Reid; he attempted to resume his job"
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"the Whigs and the radical wing of the Republican Party, especially in promoting the free-labor ideology. Before 1848 he sponsored an American version of Fourierist socialist reform. but backed away after the failed revolutions of 1848 in Europe. To promote multiple reforms Greeley hired a roster of writers who later became famous in their own right, including Margaret Fuller, Charles Anderson Dana, George William Curtis, William Henry Fry, Bayard Taylor, George Ripley, Julius Chambers and Henry Jarvis Raymond, who later co-founded ""The New York Times"". In 1852-62, the paper retained Karl Marx as its London-based European correspondent. Friedrich Engels also"
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"the ""Tribune"" doubtless lay in its disinterested sympathy with all the ideals and sentiments that stirred the popular mind in the forties and fifties. ""We cannot afford"", Greeley wrote, ""to reject unexamined any idea which proposes to improve the moral, intellectual, or social condition of mankind."" He pointed out that the proper course of an editor, in contrast to that of the time-server, was to have ""an ear open to the plaints of the wronged and suffering, though they can never repay advocacy, and those who mainly support newspapers will be annoyed and often exposed by it; a heart as"
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"in Massachusetts and Virginia, and his father Nathaniel Willis was the founder of ""Youth's Companion"", the first newspaper specifically for children. Willis developed an interest in literature while attending Yale College and began publishing poetry. After graduation, he worked as an overseas correspondent for the ""New York Mirror"". He eventually moved to New York and began to build his literary reputation. Working with multiple publications, he was earning about $100 per article and between $5,000 and $10,000 per year. In 1846, he started his own publication, the ""Home Journal"", which was eventually renamed ""Town & Country"". Shortly after, Willis moved"
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"Connolly claims that as the editor of the Protective Union labour rights newspaper for the printers of Boston, Devin Reilly was a pioneer of American labour journalism and that Horace Greeley believed of his series of articles in the """" on the European situation ""that if collected and published as a book, they would create a revolution in Europe"". It is possible that Connolly has confused the ""United States Magazine And Democratic Review"", which was known for its political activism, with the ""American Review"", which for a time had Edgar Allan Poe as an editorial assistant - other sources refer"
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"remained loyal to the Union, though he signed legislation abolishing slavery in the District of Columbia. Lincoln supposedly asked a ""Tribune"" correspondent, ""What in the world is the matter with Uncle Horace? Why can't he restrain himself and wait a little while?"" Greeley's prodding of Lincoln culminated in a letter to him on August 19, 1862, reprinted on the following day in the ""Tribune"" as the ""Prayer of Twenty Millions"". By this time, Lincoln had informed his Cabinet of the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation he had composed, and Greeley was told of it the same day the prayer was printed. In"
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White dwarfs, red giants, and blue stragglers are all types of what?
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"equilibrium. Stars larger than red dwarfs do this by increasing their size and becoming red giants with larger surface areas. Rather than expanding, however, red dwarfs with less than 0.25 solar masses are predicted to increase their radiative rate by increasing their surface temperatures and becoming ""bluer"". This is because the surface layers of red dwarfs do not become significantly more opaque with increasing temperature. Blue dwarfs eventually evolve into white dwarfs once their hydrogen fuel is completely exhausted, which in turn will eventually cool to become black dwarfs. Blue dwarf (red-dwarf stage) A blue dwarf is a predicted class"
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"Red and white giant flying squirrel The red and white giant flying squirrel (""Petaurista alborufus"") is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is the largest species of giant squirrel and has blue eyes. It is also known as the Chinese giant flying squirrel. At over a meter long including its tail, the red and white giant flying squirrel is the largest of its kind. Endemic to central and southern China and Taiwan, they inhabit dense hillside forests in mountainous terrain. They spend their days sleeping, emerging after sundown to forage in the trees. Their diet consists primarily"
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"Indian giant squirrel The Indian giant squirrel, or Malabar giant squirrel, (""Ratufa indica"") is a large tree squirrel species in the genus ""Ratufa"" native to India. It is a large-bodied diurnal, arboreal, and mainly herbivorous squirrel found in South Asia. ""R. indica"" has a conspicuous two-toned (and sometimes three-toned) color scheme. The colors involved can be creamy-beige, buff, tan, rust, brown, or even a dark seal brown. The underparts and the front legs are usually cream colored, the head can be brown or beige, however there is a distinctive white spot between the ears. Adult head and body length varies"
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"red deer, wild boar, red foxes, stoats, least weasels, red squirrels, alpine marmots, mountain hares, Eurasian badgers, beech martens, European pine martens, European mole, hazel grouse, lammergeiers, ravens, carrion crow, great spotted woodpeckers, black woodpeckers, buzzards, nutcrackers, Eurasian dotterels, rock partridges, western capercaillies, Eurasian eagle-owls and golden eagles. For example, ""Arnica montana"", ""Biscutella leavigata"", ""Androsace vitaliana"", ""Pulsatilla vernalis"", ""Artemisia umbelliformis"" (genépi), ""Aster alpinus"", ""Dianthus superbus"", ""Dianthus carthusianorum"", ""Trollius europaeus"", ""Dryas octopetala"", ""Crocus albiflorus"", ""Draba aizoides"", ""Hepatica nobilis"", ""Gentiana acaulis"", ""Gentiana kochiana"", ""Lilium martagon"", ""Lilium croceum"" subsp. ""bulbiferum"", ""Linaria alpina"", twinflower ""Linnaea borealis"", ""Aconitum napellus"", ""Paludella squarrosa"", ""Primula vulgaris"", ""Primula elatior"","
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"to be discriminated. Most of them are whales and concentrated on the left main rock face. Ungulate mammals like deer and predatory animals like tigers, leopard, and wolves are mainly on the right main rock face. Animals whose species can be identified include large cetaceans such as the northern right whale, the humpback whale, the right whale, the gray whale, and the sperm whale. There are also sea animals such as sea turtles, seal, salmon-like fish; sea birds; and land animals such as red deer, musk deer, roe deer, water deer, tigers, leopards, wolves, foxes, raccoon dogs, and wild boars."
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"of flora and fauna.In this region red deer, fallow deer, wild boar, grey wolf, red fox, silver fox, golden jackal, marten, black bear, brown bear, European badger, hedgehog, shrew, roe deer, Eurasian lynx, wild cat, jungle cat, hare, mole, stoat, weasel, mallard duck, common pochard, ruddy shelduck, red-breasted goose, greylag goose, golden eagle, eastern imperial eagle, greater spotted eagle, rough-legged buzzard, long-legged buzzard, common buzzard, Eurasian eagle-owl, long-eared owl, little owl, barn owl, European bee-eater, goldcrest, short-toed eagle, western marsh harrier, northern goshawk, Eurasian sparrowhawk, black kite, hen harrier, saker falcon, barbary falcon, Eurasian hobby, common kestrel, red-footed falcon, great"
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"Shelduck The shelducks, most species of which are found in the genus Tadorna (except for the Radjah shelduck, which is now found in its own monotypic genus ""Radjah""), are a group of large birds in the Tadorninae subfamily of the Anatidae, the biological family that includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl such as the geese and swans. The shelducks are a group of larger often semi-terrestrial waterfowl, which can be seen as intermediate between geese (""Anserinae"") and ducks. They are mid-sized (some 50–60 cm) Old World waterfowl. The sexes are colored slightly differently in most species, and all have"
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"Blue wildebeest The blue wildebeest (""Connochaetes taurinus""), also called the common wildebeest, white-bearded wildebeest, or brindled gnu, is a large antelope and one of the two species of wildebeests. It is placed in the genus ""Connochaetes"" and family Bovidae, and has a close taxonomic relationship with the black wildebeest. The blue wildebeest is known to have five subspecies. This broad-shouldered antelope has a muscular, front-heavy appearance, with a distinctive, robust muzzle. Young blue wildebeest are born tawny brown, and begin to take on their adult colouration at the age of 2 months. The adults' hues range from a deep slate"
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"of her own, ""Nelly Gnu and Daddy Too"". Wildebeest Wildebeests, also called gnus, are antelopes in the genus Connochaetes. They belong to the family Bovidae, which includes antelopes, cattle, goats, sheep, and other even-toed horned ungulates. ""Connochaetes"" includes two species, both native to Africa: the black wildebeest or white-tailed gnu (""C. gnou""), and the blue wildebeest or brindled gnu (""C. taurinus""). Fossil records suggest these two species diverged about one million years ago, resulting in a northern and a southern species. The blue wildebeest remained in its original range and changed very little from the ancestral species, while the black"
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"crested coot, toed eagles, sandpipers, duck, quail, redstart, black redstart, merlin, black starling, starling, Flamingo, coot, horned coot, whiskered tern, black tern, pin-tailed sandgrouse, little egret, squacco heron, herring gull, Audouin's gull, black-headed gull, dark gull, purple heron, gray heron, barn swallow, red-rumped swallow, sparrow, house sparrow, tree sparrow, Spanish sparrow, jackdaw, honey buzzard, peregrine falcon, crested tit,blue- tit, goldfinch, eared owl, barn owl, kingfisher, heron, black kite, red kite, common blackbird, glossy ibis, chiffchaff, cattle egrets, teals, bittern, little egret, white wagtail, yellow wagtail, purple gallinule, penduline tit, woodcock, brown nighthawks, wood pigeon, shoveler, robin, spotted woodpecker, finch, woodpecker,"
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"have hardened. A lost limb may be fully or partially regenerated during a moult. Its natural enemies are mammals, birds, reptiles, wasps, ants, amphibians, big crickets, scorpions, and other tarantulas which prey on them. They are also collected as pets by humans. Rhino beetles, and stage beetle also can kill them with defence. Hysterocrates gigas Hysterocrates gigas is a member of the tarantula family, Theraphosidae found in Cameroon. It is known as the giant baboon spider, Cameroon red baboon spider, or red baboon tarantula. This is a burrowing spider and ranges in color from a dull black and gray to"
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"Wildebeest Wildebeests, also called gnus, are antelopes in the genus Connochaetes. They belong to the family Bovidae, which includes antelopes, cattle, goats, sheep, and other even-toed horned ungulates. ""Connochaetes"" includes two species, both native to Africa: the black wildebeest or white-tailed gnu (""C. gnou""), and the blue wildebeest or brindled gnu (""C. taurinus""). Fossil records suggest these two species diverged about one million years ago, resulting in a northern and a southern species. The blue wildebeest remained in its original range and changed very little from the ancestral species, while the black wildebeest changed more in order to adapt to"
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"Red giant flying squirrel The red giant flying squirrel or common giant flying squirrel (""Petaurista petaurista"") is a species of flying squirrel, found in northern South Asia, southern China and Southeast Asia. It is a dark red colour with black extremities and can grow to a head-and-body length of . The tail is long and provides stability when it glides between trees. It is nocturnal, feeding mainly on leaves, fruits and nuts, and occasionally insects. This squirrel faces no particular threats apart from ongoing destruction of suitable habitat. It has a wide range and is relatively common, and the International"
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"dream-eater, wooden dove, dragons (except: rain, side, wind, cloud, flying and reclining), demons, beast cadet, mountain eagle, white tiger, ceramic dove, turtle dove, captive officer, mountain stag, side serpent, great dove, running tiger, running bear, yaksha, Buddhist devil, guardian of the Gods, wrestler, gold chariot, running stag, beast officer, free pup, rushing bird, old kite, peacock, phoenix master, kirin master, silver chariot, vertical bear, pig general, chicken general, horse general, ox general, silver rabbit, golden deer, captive cadet, great stag, stone chariot, cloud eagle, mountain falcon, vertical tiger, copper chariot, golden bird, prancing stag, water buffalo, fierce eagle, water general,"
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"meerkats, Kafue lechwe, and wallaby. Amur tiger, African lion, Jaguar, Carpathian lynx, grey wolves, Iberian wolves, European bear, Syrian bear, Asian short-clawed otters, Raccoon, Vervet monkeys, Common marmosets, Ring-tailed coati, Slender-tailed meerkats, tapir, capybara, Kafue lechwe, Grant's zebra, sugar gliders, lesser hedgehog tenrec, Parma wallabies, Bennett's wallabies, Reeves's muntjac, Fallow deer, domestic rabbits, raccoon dogs, reindeer, Azara's agouti, African pygmy goats and red fox. Ostrich, greater rhea, white-cheeked turaco, avocets, Indian runner ducks, Helmeted guinea fowl, white-naped crane, great horned owl, great grey owl, burrowing owl, European eagle owl, striated caracara, Himalayan Monal, and golden pheasant. Red-tailed boa constrictor, royal"
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"of nuts and fruits, but also includes leafy vegetation as well as some insects and their larvae. Red and white giants move between trees by gliding, typically over distances of about 10–20 meters. This squirrel has a wide range and is relatively common, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature lists it as being of ""least concern"". Gliding is accomplished with the help of a parachute-like membrane called a patagium. Before taking off, flying squirrels bob and rotate their heads to gauge the route, and then leap into the air, spreading their patagia between cartilaginous spurs on their wrists"
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"rare species of conservation significance, such as the tiger quoll, the koala, the yellow-bellied glider and the long-nosed potoroo as well as rare reptiles and amphibians including the green and golden bell frog and the Blue Mountain water skink. The largest predator of the area is the dingo. These wild dogs hunt for grey kangaroos and other prey. The greater Blue Mountains region has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it supports a high proportion of the global populations of the range-restricted rockwarbler as well as populations of flame robins, diamond firetails and pilotbirds."
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"giraffe, duiker, shrew, anteater, wombat, ground squirrel, capybara, sugar glider, red panda, tenrec, naked mole rat, dusky titi monkey, rhesus macaque, lemur catta, bush baby, capuchin, tamarin, red colobus, marmoset. Divisions: Social Mammals, Marine Mammals, Who In The What Now, and Fossil Mammals Animals who did not advance to round two: titi monkey, dingo, meerkat, beaver, marmot, bush dog, hyrax, bandicoot, fisher, saki, Sunda colugo, pangolin, echidna, olinguito, mara, ""A. afarensis"", ""A. sediba"", dire wolf, aurochs, giant giraffid, megalania, rhino wombat, giant baboon, Godzilla platypus, sea otter, beluga whale, harbor seal, river dolphin, hooded seal, ringed seal, narwhal, manatee. Divisions:"
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"in airport security. Jackal Jackals are medium-sized omnivorous mammals of the genus ""Canis"", which also includes wolves, coyotes and the domestic dog. While the word ""jackal"" has historically been used for many small canids, in modern use it most commonly refers to three species: the closely related black-backed jackal and side-striped jackal of sub-Saharan Africa, and the golden jackal of south-central Eurasia, which is more closely related to other members of the genus ""Canis"". Jackals and coyotes (sometimes called the ""American jackal"") are opportunistic omnivores, predators of small to medium-sized animals and proficient scavengers. Their long legs and curved canine"
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"and more than 170 species of mammals, birds and reptiles, such as the barking deer, blackbuck, sambar, sangai, nilgai, wolf, tiger, jaguar, hog deer, jackal, hyena, lion, giraffe, camel, otter, llama, elephant, and a number of monkey species such as Nilgiri langur, lion-tailed macaque, baboon, Hanuman langur and leaf-capped langur. There are about 46 endangered animals of the Western Ghats, the Eastern Ghats and the Indian subcontinent such as the Nilgiri macaques, as well as other rare species including monitor lizard, chimpanzees, European brown bear, Muscovy duck, giraffe, Bengal tiger, white tiger, lemur, macaque, vulture, and star tortoises. The park"
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"cat, small Indian civet, toddy cat, Asian small mongoose, blackbuck, chital, striped hyena, Nilgiri marten, Travancore flying squirrel, grizzled giant squirrel, flying squirrel, three-striped palm squirrel, black-naped hare, grey slender loris, Indian pangolin, Asian small-clawed otter and Malabar spiny dormouse, Indian fox, bare-bellied hedgehog, Indian porcupine, smooth-coated otter. These include the Malabar trogon, Malabar pied hornbill, Nilgiri wood-pigeon, Nilgiri laughing thrush, peregrine falcon, Bonelli's eagle, dollarbird, Nilgiri pipit, little spiderhunter, white-bellied shortwing, little ringed plover, Indian swiftlet, white-bellied treepie, white-bellied woodpecker, green imperial pigeon, Nilgiri flycatcher, great eared nightjar, grey junglefowl, heart-spotted woodpecker, peafowl, grey-fronted green pigeon, wood sandpiper, vernal"
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"Microsciurus Microsciurus or dwarf squirrels is a genus of squirrels from the tropical regions of Central and South America. There are four recognized species, however, recent DNA analysis has shown that there is some confusion regarding the traditional classification of the ""Microsciurus"" species, and that the genus may be polyphyletic. Genus Microsciurus - dwarf squirrels With a head and body length of and a long tail, dwarf squirrels are not as small as their name suggests; they are hardly smaller than the common red or gray squirrels. The neotropical pygmy squirrel, not in this genus, is much smaller than these"
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"in Europe and the black giant squirrel of Southeast Asia are found, respectively, in the northern and southern parts of China. Other tree squirrel species include the Pallas's, inornate, Phayre's, Irrawaddy, Anderson's, orange-bellied Himalayan, Perny's long-nosed, red-hipped, Asian red-cheeked, Himalayan striped, Maritime striped, and Swinhoe's striped squirrel. Flying squirrels are found in almost every part of China, from the Himalayas to the tropical island of Hainan to the rural outskirts of Beijing. Flying squirrel species include the groove-toothed, complex-toothed, hairy-footed, particolored, Indochinese, red giant, red and white giant, spotted giant, Indian giant, Chinese giant, Japanese giant, Bhutan giant, Siberian, Yunnan"
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"stork, Stanley crane, cattle egret, dromedary camel, wolf guenon, DeBrazza's monkey, klipspringer, Madagascar ground boa, Madagascar tree boa, ostrich, African grooved frog, Lady Ross turaco, Aldabra tortoise, African wild dog, African pancake tortoise, Sudanese plated lizard, and African Slender-snouted Crocodile. Tasmanian devil, koala, echidna, Matschie's tree kangaroo, saltwater crocodile, lorikeet, carpet python, princess of wale's parakeet, wompoo fruit dove, emu, red kangaroo, laughing kookaburra, budgerigar, Micronesian kingfisher, palm cockatoo, Major Mitchell's cockatoo. Asian elephant, Bactrian camel, snow leopard, Malayan tiger, red panda, king cobra, reticulated python, Indian python, wrinkled hornbill, pygmy slow loris, slow loris, orangutan, siamang, Komodo dragon, Chinese"
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"Trolls include Big Boss Harky and Penk, his herald. Avians are a race of bird-creatures, shown to be intelligent, fast and agile. Avians alone amongst the Savage Races have the ear of Big Boss Harky, due to their intelligent leader. A savage race of Canine Humanoids, the gnolls (also sometimes known as 'the fuzzy people') have a tribal societal structure, with shamanistic leaders and champions elected by wrestling tournaments. Notable Gnolls include Auraugu, champion wrestler. A race of humanoid, landwalking sharks, the Land Sharks are amongst the least intelligent of the races, speaking in simple language and without any clear"
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"is adjacent, it cannot move in that direction at all. The ranging pieces are the standards, queen, free dream-eater, wooden dove, dragons (except: violent, flying and reclining), demons, running horse, mountain eagle, whale, running rabbit, tigers (except blind), turtle snake, ceramic dove, lance, oxcart, chariots, flying swallow, running pup, running serpent, great dove, running bear, running stag, running wolf, free pup, phoenix master, kirin master, vertical bear, side boar, silver rabbit, golden deer, great stag, cloud eagle, bishop, rook, side wolf, mountain falcon, soldiers (except: sword, burning and cross-bow), violent ox, golden bird, white horse, howling dog, side mover, water"
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"striata""), marsh tit (""Poecile palustris""), blue tit (Parus caeruleus), great tit (""Parus major""), coal tit (""Periparus ater""), short-toed treecreeper (""Certhia brachydactyla""), starling (""Sturnus vulgaris""), Eurasian jay (""Garrulus glandarius""), European magpie (""Pica pica""), carrion crow (""Corvus corone""), tree sparrow (""Passer montanus""), house sparrow (""Passer domesticus""), common chaffinch (""Fringilla coelebs""), greenfinch (""Carduelis chloris""), goldfinch (""Carduelis carduelis""), yellowhammer (""Emberiza citrinella"") und reed bunting (""Emberiza schoeniclus""). Grey heron (""Ardea cinerea""), white stork (""Ciconia ciconia""), garganey (""Anas querquedula""), tufted duck (""Aythya fuligula""), red kite (""Milvus milvus""), hen harrier (""Circus cyaneus""), Eurasian sparrowhawk (""Accipiter nisus""), goshawk (""Accipiter gentilis""), European honey buzzard (""Pernis apivorus""), buzzard (""Buteo buteo""),"
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"Tarantula Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy arachnids belonging to the Theraphosidae family of spiders, of which about 900 species have been identified. This article only describes members of the Theraphosidae, although some other members of the same infraorder (Mygalomorphae) are commonly referred to as ""tarantulas"". Some species have become popular in the exotic pet trade. New World species kept as pets have urticating hairs that can cause irritation to the skin and, in extreme cases, cause damage to eyes. Like all arthropods, the tarantula is an invertebrate that relies on an exoskeleton for muscular support. Like"
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"the aardwolf, yellow baboon, bat, Cape buffalo, bushbaby, bushbuck, caracal, African wildcat, cheetah, civet, dik-dik, African hunting dog, African dormouse, blue duiker, bush duiker, red duiker, eland, African bush elephant, bat-eared fox, greater galago, gazelle, large-spotted genet, small-spotted genet, gerenuk, giraffe, African hare, springhare, Coke's hartebeest, East African hedgehog, spotted hyena, striped hyena, rock hyrax, tree hyrax, impala, black-backed jackal, side-striped jackal, klipspringer, lesser kudu, leopard, lion, banded mongoose, dwarf mongoose, Egyptian mongoose, marsh mongoose, slender mongoose, white-tailed mongoose, vervet monkey, Sykes' monkey, fringe-eared oryx, clawless otter, ground pangolin, crested porcupine, cane rat, giant rat, naked mole rat, ratel, bohor"
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"one of the largest and oldest clonal colonies on Earth. Among animals, the largest species are all marine mammals, specifically whales. The blue whale is believed to be the largest animal to have ever lived. The largest land animal classification is also dominated by mammals, with the African bush elephant being the most massive of these. The largest single-stem tree by wood volume and mass is the giant sequoia (""Sequoiadendron giganteum""), native to Sierra Nevada and California; it typically grows to a height of and in diameter. Multiple-stem trees such as banyan can be enormous. Thimmamma Marrimanu in India spreads"
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"(ziphiids). There are six species, sometimes referred to as ""blackfish"", that are dolphins commonly misconceived as whales: the killer whale, the melon-headed whale, the pygmy killer whale, the false killer whale, and the two species of pilot whales, all of which are classified under the family Delphinidae (oceanic dolphins). The differences between families of odontocetes include size, feeding adaptations and distribution. Monodontids consist of two species: the beluga and the narwhal. They both reside in the frigid arctic and both have large amounts of blubber. Belugas, being white, hunt in large pods near the surface and around pack ice, their"
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"Giraffe The giraffe (""Giraffa"") is a genus of African even-toed ungulate mammals, the tallest living terrestrial animals and the largest ruminants. The genus currently consists of one species, ""Giraffa camelopardalis"", the type species. Seven other species are extinct, prehistoric species known from fossils. Taxonomic classifications of one to eight extant giraffe species have been described, based upon research into the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, as well as morphological measurements of ""Giraffa,"" but the IUCN currently recognises only one species with nine subspecies. The giraffe's chief distinguishing characteristics are its extremely long neck and legs, its horn-like ossicones, and its distinctive"
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"hill pigeon, red collared dove, black-necked crane, Tibetan sandgrouse, Chinese monal, common redshank, green sandpiper, common sandpiper, ibisbill, little ringed plover, lesser sand plover, Pallas's gull, brown-headed gull, common tern, black kite, bearded vulture, Himalayan vulture, cinereous vulture, common buzzard, upland buzzard, steppe eagle, golden eagle, greater spotted eagle, eastern imperial eagle, Pallas fish eagle, common kestrel, merlin, saker falcon, peregrine falcon, great crested grebe, little egret, grey heron, black stork, ground tit, red-billed chough, common raven, Sichuan jay, white-throated dipper, black redstart, Hodgson's redstart, Daurian redstart, white-winged redstart, white-capped water redstart, common starling, wallcreeper, sand martin, Asian house martin,"
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Which nautical term is used to describe the width of a vessel at its widest point?
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"Beam (nautical) The beam of a ship is its width at the widest point as measured at the ship's nominal waterline. The beam is a bearing projected at right-angles from the fore and aft line, outwards from the widest part of ship. Beam may also be used to define the maximum width of a ship's hull, or maximum width including superstructure overhangs. Generally speaking, the wider the beam of a ship (or boat), the more initial stability it has, at the expense of secondary stability in the event of a capsize, where more energy is required to right the vessel"
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"Scantling Scantling is a measurement of prescribed size, dimensions, or cross sectional areas. In shipbuilding, the scantling refers to the collective dimensions of the framing (apart from the keel) to which planks or plates are attached to form the hull. The word is most often used in the plural to describe how much structural strength in the form of girders, I-beams, etc. is in a given section. The scantling length refers to the structural length of a ship. In shipping, a ""full scantling vessel"" is understood to be a geared ship, that can reach all parts of its own cargo"
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"Length overall Length overall (LOA, o/a, o.a. or oa) is the maximum length of a vessel's hull measured parallel to the waterline. This length is important while docking the ship. It is the most commonly used way of expressing the size of a ship, and is also used for calculating the cost of a marina berth (for example, £2.50 per metre LOA). LOA is usually measured on the hull alone. For sailing ships, this may ""exclude"" the bowsprit and other fittings added to the hull. This is how some racing boats and tall ships use the term LOA. However, other"
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"Baltimax Baltimax is a naval architecture term for the largest ship measurements capable of entering and leaving the Baltic Sea in a laden condition. It is the Great Belt route that allows the largest ships. The limit is a draft of 15.4 metres and an air draft of 65 metres (limited by the clearance of the east bridge of the Great Belt Fixed Link) . The length can be around 240 m and the width around 42 m. This gives a weight of around 100.000 metric ton. Nevertheless, there are also certain larger ship types plying the baltic sea. Particularly"
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"was probably influenced by cantel, cantle, a small piece, a corner piece. Scantling Scantling is a measurement of prescribed size, dimensions, or cross sectional areas. In shipbuilding, the scantling refers to the collective dimensions of the framing (apart from the keel) to which planks or plates are attached to form the hull. The word is most often used in the plural to describe how much structural strength in the form of girders, I-beams, etc. is in a given section. The scantling length refers to the structural length of a ship. In shipping, a ""full scantling vessel"" is understood to be"
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"the ""Freedom of the Seas"" of the Royal Caribbean line as the largest passenger ship ever built; however, ""QM2"" still hold the record for the largest ocean liner. The ""Freedom of the Seas"" was superseded by the ""Oasis of the Seas"" in October 2009. Because of changes in historic measurement systems, it is impossible to make meaningful and accurate comparisons of ship sizes over time beyond length. Three alternative forms of measurement are ship ""volume"", ""weight"", and weight of water it ""displaces"". A fourth, ""deadweight tonnage"" (DWT), is a measure of how much mass a ship can safely carry, and"
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"Ship measurements Ship measurements consist of a multitude of terms and definitions specifically related to ships and measuring or defining their characteristics. Beam - A measure of the width of the ship. There are two types: Carlin - similar to a beam, except running in a fore and aft direction. Complement - The full number of people required to operate a ship. Includes officers and crewmembers; does not include passengers. For warships, the number of people assigned to a ship in peacetime may be considerably less than her full complement. Cube - The cargo carrying capacity of a ship, measured"
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"of hull. This may be shorter than a vessel's LOA, because it excludes other parts attached to the hull, such as bowsprits. Another measure of length is LWL (loaded waterline length) which is more useful in assessing a vessel's performance. In some cases (particularly old yachts or vessels with bowsprits) LWL can be considerably shorter than LOA. Length overall Length overall (LOA, o/a, o.a. or oa) is the maximum length of a vessel's hull measured parallel to the waterline. This length is important while docking the ship. It is the most commonly used way of expressing the size of a"
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"Freeboard (nautical) In sailing and boating, a vessel's freeboard is the distance from the waterline to the upper deck level, measured at the lowest point of sheer where water can enter the boat or ship. In commercial vessels, the latter criterion measured relative to the ship's load line, regardless of deck arrangements, is the mandated and regulated meaning. In yachts, a low freeboard is often found on racing boats, for drag/weight reduction and therefore increased speed. A higher freeboard will give more room in the cabin, but will increase weight and drag, compromising speed. A higher freeboard also helps weather"
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"It was not until the 1590s that the word ""broadside"" in English was commonly used to refer to gunfire from the side of a ship rather than the ship's side itself. Additionally, the term broadside is a measurement of a vessel's maximum simultaneous firepower which can be delivered upon a single target, because this concentration is usually obtained by firing a broadside. This is calculated by multiplying the shell weight of the ship's main armament shells times the number of barrels that can be brought to bear. If some turrets are incapable of firing to either side of the vessel,"
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"used to denote the shape of a hull in naval architecture plans. In aircraft design, the term ""waterline"" refers to the vertical location of items on the aircraft. This is (normally) the ""Z"" axis of an XYZ coordinate system, the other two axes being the fuselage station (X) and buttock line (Y). The purpose of a load line is to ensure that a ship has sufficient freeboard (the height from the water line to the main deck) and thus sufficient reserve buoyancy. The freeboard of commercial vessels is measured between the lowest point of the uppermost continuous deck at side"
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"in the middle and about 18 inches (45 cm) wide at each end. There are no restrictions on width or length for non-handicap races; punts used for these races are called ""best boats"" or ""best-and-best"" punts; the name comes from the ""best"" boat that you can find and the ""best"" boat that your opponent can. The narrowest of these boats are no more than 15 inches (40 cm) wide. All racing punts generally have a till at both ends, and may have canvas covers to reduce the amount of water splashing into the boat. Punt racing has been a part"
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"Scantling length Scantling Length is a distance slightly less than the waterline length of a ship, and generally less than the overall length of a ship. In the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels, it is defined as the distance on the summer load line from the fore side of the stem to the centerline of the rudder stock. Scantling length need not be less than 96%, nor more than 97% of the length of the summer load line. Most other classification societies use a similar definition of scantling length to define the general length of a ship."
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"Great-circle navigation Great-circle navigation or orthodromic navigation (related to orthodromic course; from the Greek ""ορθóς"", right angle, and ""δρóμος"", path) is the practice of navigating a vessel (a ship or aircraft) along a great circle. Such routes yield the shortest distance between two points on the globe. The great circle path may be found using spherical trigonometry; this is the spherical version of the ""inverse geodesic problem"". If a navigator begins at ""P"" = (φ,λ) and plans to travel the great circle to a point at point ""P"" = (φ,λ) (see Fig. 1, φ is the latitude, positive northward, and"
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"Waterline length The waterline length (originally Load Waterline Length, abbreviated to LWL) is the length of a ship or boat at the point where it sits in the water. It excludes the total length of the boat, such as features that are out of the water. Most boats rise outwards at the bow and stern, so a boat may be quite a bit longer than its waterline length. In a ship with such raked stems, naturally the waterline length changes as the draft of the ship changes, therefore it is measured from a defined loaded condition. Length at the waterline"
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"The scantling length is used by classification societies for all calculations where the waterline length, overall length, displacement length, etc. is called for. Naval architects wishing to comply with class rules would also use the scantling length. Scantling length Scantling Length is a distance slightly less than the waterline length of a ship, and generally less than the overall length of a ship. In the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels, it is defined as the distance on the summer load line from the fore side of the stem to the centerline of the rudder stock. Scantling length"
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"sources may include bowsprits in LOA. Confusingly, LOA has different meanings. ""Sparred length"", ""Total length including bowsprit"", ""Mooring length"" and ""LOA including bowsprit"" are other expressions that might indicate the full length of a sailing ship. Often used to distinguish between the length of a vessel including projections (e.g. bow sprits, etc.) from the length of the hull itself, the Length on Deck or LOD is often reported. This is especially useful for smaller sailing vessels, as their LOA can be significantly different from their LOD. In ISO 8666 for small boats, there is a definition of LOH, or length"
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"position of the vessel. Absolute bearing In nautical navigation the absolute bearing is the clockwise angle between north and an object observed from the vessel. If the north used as reference is the true geographical north then the bearing is a ""true bearing"" whereas if the reference used is magnetic north then the bearing is a ""magnetic bearing"". An absolute bearing is measured with a bearing compass. The measurement of absolute bearings of fixed landmarks and other navigation aids is useful for the navigator because this information can be used on the nautical chart together with simple geometrical techniques to"
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"the keel of a boat such as a dragon boat with a draft of 1.20 m for a length of 8.90 m. A boat like a catamaran can mitigate the problem by retrieving good stability in a small draft, but the width of the boat increases. For submarines, which can submerge to different depths at sea, a term called keel depth is used, specifying the current distance from the water surface to the bottom of the submarine's keel. It is used in navigation to avoid underwater obstacles and hitting the ocean floor, and as a standard point on the submarine"
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"Gap"" measuring device that accurately measures the distance from its sensor on the bridge to the water surface and can be accessed by marine pilots and ship's masters to aid them in making real time determination of clearance. The Bridge of the Americas in Panama limits which ships can traverse the Panama Canal due to its height at 61.3 m (201 ft) above the water. The world's largest cruise ships, , and the will fit within the canal's new widened locks, but they are too tall to pass under the Bridge of the Americas, even at low tide, unless the"
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"Seawaymax The term Seawaymax refers to vessels which are the maximum size that can fit through the canal locks of the St. Lawrence Seaway, linking the inland Great Lakes of North America with the Atlantic Ocean. Seawaymax vessels are in length, wide, and have a draft of and a height above the waterline of . A number of lake freighters larger than this size cruise the Great Lakes and cannot pass through to the Atlantic Ocean. The size of the locks limits the size of the ships which can pass and so limits the size of the cargoes they can"
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"Sea chest (nautical) The term sea chest is used for a rectangular or cylindrical recess in the hull of a ship. The sea chest provides an intake reservoir from which piping systems draw raw water. Most sea chests are protected by removable gratings, and contain baffle plates to dampen the effects of vessel speed or sea state. The intake size of sea chests varies from less than 10 cm² to several square metres. When the ship is in freshwater, the hard steel surfaces of the sea chest, protective grates and baffles, combined with low water velocities created in this immediate"
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"rear bulkhead that opens and closes for loading and unloading. Boats with a wider aft area are also called ""Plätte""; they fall under the general classification of ""Zillen"". Early Zillen were a maximum of 22 meters long and 3 meters wide, but their dimensions increased with time. In the late 19th century they reached sizes of up to 30 meters in length and 7.5 meters wide. The hulls of these boats had a height of about 1.5 meters. Centered on the ship there was a large wooden hut. Zillen were used in many areas of the Danube. The Zille is"
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"ships with the beam no wider than or of draught for ships with maximum allowed beam of . The similar terms Panamax, Malaccamax, and Seawaymax are used for the largest ships capable of fitting through the Panama Canal, the Strait of Malacca and Saint Lawrence Seaway, respectively. Aframax tankers are those with a capacity of to . The term ""Chinamax"" refers to vessels able to use a number of harbours while fully laden. ""Capesize"" refers to bulk carriers too big to pass through the Suez Canal—and needing to go around the Cape of Good Hope—but recent dredging means many Capesize"
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"is a vessel that carries goods by sea. A common notion is that a ship can carry a boat, but not ""vice versa"". A US Navy rule of thumb is that ships heel towards the ""outside"" of a sharp turn, whereas boats heel towards the ""inside"" because of the relative location of the center of mass versus the center of buoyancy. American and British 19th Century maritime law distinguished ""vessels"" from other craft; ships and boats fall in one legal category, whereas open boats and rafts are not considered vessels. In the Age of Sail, a full-rigged ship was a"
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"either a strong or weak stability, depending upon the manner by which the ship is loaded (height of the center of gravity). The draft of ships can be increased when the ship is in motion in shallow water, a phenomenon known as squat (nautical term for the hydrodynamic effect of lower pressure pulling the ship down as it moves). Draft is a significant factor limiting navigable waterways, especially for large vessels. This includes many shallow coastal waters and reefs, but also some major shipping lanes. Panamax class ships—the largest ships able to transit the Panama Canal—do have a draft limit"
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"Way (vessel) Way, (sometimes Weigh) in a nautical context of a ship or vessel, is a noun that refers to her speed or momentum. As an example the ""Oxford English Dictionary"", sense 14, has ""She ran into the ""Nio"" before her way could be stopped."" (Taken from an Admiralty report of a collision at sea). The ""Practice of Navigation and Nautical Astronomy"" has ""On the other hand, we have seen several ships break their chains by having too much way upon them"". From a mistaken association with ""to weigh anchor"", the noun is sometimes spelled 'weigh'; as in ""She got"
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"Absolute bearing In nautical navigation the absolute bearing is the clockwise angle between north and an object observed from the vessel. If the north used as reference is the true geographical north then the bearing is a ""true bearing"" whereas if the reference used is magnetic north then the bearing is a ""magnetic bearing"". An absolute bearing is measured with a bearing compass. The measurement of absolute bearings of fixed landmarks and other navigation aids is useful for the navigator because this information can be used on the nautical chart together with simple geometrical techniques to aid in determining the"
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"Sheer (ship) The sheer is a measure of longitudinal main deck curvature, in naval architecture. The sheer forward is usually twice that of sheer aft. Increases in the rise of the sheer forward and aft build volume into the hull, and in turn increase its buoyancy forward and aft, thereby keeping the ends from diving into an oncoming wave and slowing the ship. In the early days of sail, one discussed a hull's sheer in terms of how much ""Hang"" it had. William Sutherland's ""The Ship-builders Assistant"" (1711) covers this information in more detail. The practice of building sheer into"
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"""Measurement Ton"", equivalent to 40 cubic feet. The calculation of tonnage is complicated by many technical factors. Ship measurements Ship measurements consist of a multitude of terms and definitions specifically related to ships and measuring or defining their characteristics. Beam - A measure of the width of the ship. There are two types: Carlin - similar to a beam, except running in a fore and aft direction. Complement - The full number of people required to operate a ship. Includes officers and crewmembers; does not include passengers. For warships, the number of people assigned to a ship in peacetime may"
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"are significantly larger than the fishing Beden-seyed ships, which measure 6-15m (20-49 ft) on average, but both are dwarfed by a much larger trading variant called the 'uwassiye’. This ship is the most common trading and voyaging vessel, with some measuring up to 77 ft. The ship is noticeable and unique in its strengthened and substantial gunwale, which is attached by treenail . Originally, all Beden ships were sewn with coiled coconut fibre, holding the hull planking, stem and stern-post. but Omani variants, beginning in the 20th century, began nailing instead of sewing the planks. Beden The Beden, badan"", or"
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"is often abbreviated as lwl, w/l, w.l. or wl. This measure is essential in determining a lot of properties of a vessel, such as how much water it displaces, where the bow and stern waves are, hull speed, amount of bottom-paint needed, etc. In sailing boats, longer waterline length will usually enable a greater maximum speed, because it allows greater sail area, without increasing beam or draft. Higher beam and draft causes higher resistance against the water. This maximum speed, also known as theoretical hull speed, can be calculated using the formula (sqrt of LWL) x 1.34. Waterline length The"
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"volume contained in her overhanging ends. On some types of vessels this is, for all practical purposes, a waterline measurement. In a ship with raked stems, naturally that length changes as the draught of the ship changes, therefore it is measured from a defined loaded condition. Length between perpendiculars Length between perpendiculars (often abbreviated as p/p, p.p., pp, LPP, LBP or Length BPP) is the length of a ship along the waterline from the forward surface of the stem, or main bow perpendicular member, to the after surface of the sternpost, or main stern perpendicular member. When there is no"
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What moderately famous ship, a Dutch cargo fluyt, set sail from Plymouth, England on Sep 16, 1620, with 102 passengers and 40 crew?
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"on the ""Mayflower"" from Plymouth, Devon, England on September 6/16, 1620. The small, 100-foot ship had 102 passengers and a crew of about 30-40 in extremely cramped conditions. By the second month out, the ship was being buffeted by strong westerly gales, causing the ship's timbers to be badly shaken with caulking failing to keep out sea water, and with passengers, even in their berths, lying wet and ill. This, combined with a lack of proper rations and unsanitary conditions for several months, attributed to what would eventually be fatal for many, especially the majority of women. On the way"
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"open to the public. Another ship called the ""Mayflower"" made a voyage from London to Plymouth Colony in 1629 carrying 35 passengers, many from the Pilgrim congregation in Leiden that organized the first voyage. This was not the same ship that made the original voyage with the first settlers. This voyage began in May and reached Plymouth in August. This ship also made the crossing from England to America in 1630 (as part of the Winthrop Fleet), 1633, 1634, and 1639. It attempted the trip again in 1641, departing London in October of that year under master John Cole, with"
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"Battle of Plymouth The Battle of Plymouth was a naval battle in the First Anglo-Dutch War. It took place on 16 August 1652 (26 August 1652 (Gregorian calendar)) and was a short battle, but had the unexpected outcome of a Dutch victory over England. General-at-Sea George Ayscue of the Commonwealth of England attacked an outward bound convoy of the Dutch Republic commanded by Vice-Commodore Michiel de Ruyter. The two commanders had been personal friends before the war. The Dutch were able to force Ayscue to break off the engagement, and the Dutch convoy sailed safely to the Atlantic while Ayscue"
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"poorly known; the following are lists of known participants, with the Dutch list being the one still extant and containing the names of the original 23 warships and six fireships with which De Ruyter sailed from the Wielingen Capt. Thomas Varvell is the son-in-law of Capt. John Flower who is owner of Increase and father of Katherine Flower. Ships marked * are probables. Battle of Plymouth The Battle of Plymouth was a naval battle in the First Anglo-Dutch War. It took place on 16 August 1652 (26 August 1652 (Gregorian calendar)) and was a short battle, but had the unexpected"
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"The Dutch had long been building such ships called fluits, which originated towards the end of the 16th century in the Netherlands. These vessels carried little more than half the crew of English merchant ships of comparable stowage because of their longer keel, which allowed for a much larger hold, and fewer sails, which required fewer men to maintain. When the English engaged in several wars with the Dutch and their European allies during the later half of the century, they were exceptionally good at capturing Dutch merchant ships. These ships were soon bought into the English merchant fleet and"
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"Fluyt A fluyt (archaic Dutch: fluijt ""flute""; ) is a Dutch type of sailing vessel originally designed by the shipwrights of Hoorn as a dedicated cargo vessel. Originating in the Dutch Republic in the 16th century, the vessel was designed to facilitate transoceanic delivery with the maximum of space and crew efficiency. Unlike rivals, it was not built for conversion in wartime to a warship, so it was cheaper to build and carried twice the cargo, and could be handled by a smaller crew. Construction by specialized shipyards using new tools made it half the cost of rival ships. These"
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"join the ""Mayflower"". It is unknown if the twenty (including Robert Cushman and Phillipe de Lannoy) who could not sail on the ""Mayflower"" returned to Leiden or remained in England. The ""Mayflower"" proceeded solo with a combined company of 103, leaving Plymouth on September 6, 1620, arriving Cape Cod Harbor on November 11, 1620. The ""Fortune"" eventually substituted for the ""Speedwell"", sailing for Plymouth Colony in early July 1621, arriving on November 9, 1621, with Philippe among its passengers. Philippe de Lannoy joined and resided with his uncle Francis Cooke and cousin John, who had arrived on the ""Mayflower"" the"
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"joiner, or carpenter. Some time prior to 1622, at around the age of 29, Phineas Pratt and his brother Joshua Pratt joined the company of Thomas Weston, a London Merchant involved with the Leiden Separatists and Pilgrims who settled Plymouth Colony in 1620. Known to the Pilgrims as the ""Strangers"", this group of adventurers arrived in New England in 1622 on three ships: the ""Sparrow"", ""Charity"" and ""Swan"". Phineas Pratt was a passenger on the ""Sparrow"", which was the first ship of the three to arrive. Poorly supplied with inferior provisions and with many ill, Weston's total company comprised approximately"
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"financed by Thomas Weston, came into Plymouth Harbor. The ships carried about fifty or sixty colonists scheduled to settle in areas outside Plymouth. About this time the ""Sparrow"" and a shallop were also involved in colonization efforts. And the ship ""Discovery"", in a 1622 voyage from Virginia to England, made a short visit at Plymouth with a letter by passenger John Pory, an official of Jamestown, written in praise of the colony. In October 1622 the ship ""Paragon"", with sixty-seven passengers, came out by ""private men's purses"" but had to return to England two weeks later, leaking from storm damage."
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"a group of Puritan separatists, known today as the Pilgrims, made their famous sea voyage on the Mayflower across the Atlantic to settle Plymouth Colony. They were led by governor William Bradford and church elder William Brewster. The Pilgrims were originally a part of the Puritan separatist movement in England. They began to feel the pressures of religious persecution while still in the English village of Scrooby, near East Retford, Nottinghamshire. In 1607, Archbishop Tobias Matthew raided homes and imprisoned several members of the congregation. The congregation therefore left England in 1609 and emigrated to the Netherlands, settling first in"
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"about 40 miles inland along the James River, a major tributary of the Chesapeake Bay in present-day Virginia. In 1620, George Calvert asked King James I for a charter for English Catholics to add the territory of the Plymouth Company. Also in 1609, a much larger Third Supply mission was organized. A new purpose-built ship named the ""Sea Venture"" was rushed into service without the customary sea trials. She became flagship of a fleet of nine ships, with most of the leaders, food, and supplies aboard. Notable persons aboard the ""Sea Venture"" included fleet Admiral George Somers, Vice-Admiral Christopher Newport,"
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"Netherlands had become Europe's economic powerhouse. With new, innovative ship designs like the fluyt (a cargo vessel able to be operated with a small crew and enter relatively inaccessible ports) rolling out of the ship yards in Amsterdam and Rotterdam, new capitalist economic arrangements like the joint-stock company taking root and the military reprieve provided by the Twelve Year Truce with the Spanish (1609–1621), Dutch commercial interests were expanding explosively across the globe, but particularly in the New World and East Asia. However, in the early 17th century, the most powerful Dutch companies, like the Dutch East India Company, were"
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"circumstances that have never been fully explained. The ship left the Hook of Holland having taken on cargo both there and at Rotterdam. At Rotterdam of varied cargo had been loaded and at the Hook a further of meat was loaded and as the holds were already quite full, some of this cargo of cased meat was stowed on the forecastle and poop deck. Carrying a crew of 21 and one passenger (a relative of one of the ship's engineers) the ""Yarmouth"" sailed from the Hook at 10:30 am on 27 October 1908 and was next observed at 4:30 pm"
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"his crew (with the exception of six boys) were publicly hanged in September 1600. Jacques Colaert Jacques Colaert or Jacob Collaart (died September 1600) was a Flemish privateer who during the Dutch Revolt sailed in royal service as one of the Dunkirkers. A privateer based in Dunkirk, Colaert in August 1600 sailed with a fleet under command of Vice Admiral Anton of Burgundy, Lord of Wacken. The fleet consisted of six Spanish royal ships and six independent privateers; Colaert commanded the six-gun vessel ""Crabbelcat"" with a crew of 43 sailors. Leaving Dunkirk on the night of 9 or 10 August,"
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"agent Robert Cushman's arrival on the ""Fortune"" in November 1621. In preparation for the Mayflower voyage, Samuel Fuller may have tried to learn the rudiments of medical knowledge, knowing that the Mayflower would not have a doctor on board. Samuel Fuller boarded the ""Mayflower"" with only his servant William Butten, leaving his wife Bridget and his young daughter Bridget behind in Leiden, awaiting until the colony conditions would better suit families. His brother, Edward Fuller was also a passenger and traveled with his wife and a son, also named Samuel. The ""Mayflower"" departed Plymouth, England on September 6/16, 1620. The"
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"""Amsterdam"", ""Hollandia"", and the ""Duyfken"". All told, there were 248 officers and men on the expedition. The ship's government was to be carried out by a Ships' Council consisting of the skippers of the ships, merchants who were assigned to each ship, and a few others. Some had preferred status, allowing them to speak first on an issue and break a tie; Cornelis de Houtman was one of these. Before the ships left, all of the navigators were trained by Petrus Plancius. The chief navigator was Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser. The fleet sailed from the port of Texel on April 2,"
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"caused by a loose board approximately two feet long. Eleven people from ""Speedwell"" boarded ""Mayflower"", leaving 20 people to return to London (including Cushman) while a combined company of 102 continued the voyage. For a third time, ""Mayflower"" headed for the New World. She left Plymouth on 6 September 1620 and entered Cape Cod Harbor on 11 November. ""Speedwell's"" replacement, ""Fortune"", eventually followed, arriving at Plymouth Colony one year later on 9 November 1621. Philippe de Lannoy on ""Speedwell"" made the trip. In 1837, Robert Walter Weir was commissioned by the United States Congress to paint an historical depiction of"
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"Discovery (1602 ship) Discovery or Discoverie was a small 20-ton, 38 foot (12 m) long ""fly-boat"" of the British East India Company, launched before 1602. It was one of the three ships (along with ""Susan Constant"" and ""Godspeed"") on the 1606-1607 voyage to the New World for the English Virginia Company of London. The journey resulted in the founding of Jamestown in the new Colony of Virginia. In 1602, George Weymouth became the first European to explore what would later be called Hudson Strait when he sailed ""Discovery"" 300 nautical miles into the Strait. Weymouth’s expedition to find the Northwest"
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"The ship was assessed at and had 2 decks. She had a 1 x 4 cyl quadruple expansion engine driving a single screw propeller but she could also use her 10 sails for propulsion. The engine was rated at 1300 ihp. She commenced her maiden voyage on 15 October 1872 sailing from Rotterdam, The Netherlands via Plymouth, United Kingdom to New York, United States with on board were 10 Cabin class passengers, 60 emigrants and 600 tons of cargo was carried. The crossing was made in 14 days and 6 hours. This was also the first voyage of an own"
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"to Amsterdam on 16 August 1647, it was loaded with 200,000 pounds of dyewood from Curaçao and around 14,000 beaver pelts. It was also carrying 107 passengers and crew, including the recently fired Director Willem Kieft for his return to Amsterdam to defend himself against the charges leveled by among others, the Rev. Everardus Bogardus (the colony’s principal Dutch Reformed dominie), and banished colonists Jochem Pietersen Kuyter and Cornelis Melyn, who would also have to answer charges of insubordination for their role in Kieft’s ouster. The passengers also included numerous Dutch West India Company soldiers who had recently arrived in"
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"1620. The small, 100-foot ship had 102 passengers and a crew of about 30-40 in extremely cramped conditions. By the second month out, the ship was being buffeted by strong westerly gales, causing the ship's timbers to be badly shaken with caulking failing to keep out sea water, and with passengers, even in their berths, lying wet and ill. This, combined with a lack of proper rations and unsanitary conditions for several months, attributed to what would be fatal for many, especially the majority of women and children. On the way there were two deaths, a crew member and a"
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"ship by 1620, along with Christopher Nichols, Robert Child, and Thomas Short. It was from Child and Jones that Thomas Weston chartered her in the summer of 1620 to undertake the Pilgrim voyage. Weston had a significant role in the ""Mayflower"" voyage due to his membership in the Company of Merchant Adventurers of London, and he eventually traveled to the Plymouth Colony himself. Approximately 65 passengers embarked the ""Mayflower"" in the middle of July 1620 at either Blackwall or Wapping on the River Thames. The ship then proceeded down the Thames into the English Channel and then on to the"
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"this country. This family has a wonderful historic background, since the genealogy of this noble and patriotic family can be traced back to the Plymouth church at Leyden, Holland through the first known ancestor, Deacon Thomas Blossom (1580–1632) who was a leader of the above named church in Holland. The family is of purely English descent, having come from Plymouth, England at the time of the Pilgrim emigration to America. Thomas Blossom was on the Speedwell when she started out with the Mayflower in 1620. The Speedwell, however, sprang a leak and those on board were compelled to return to"
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"Fortune (Plymouth Colony ship) In the fall of 1621 the Fortune was the second English ship destined for Plymouth Colony in the New World, one year after the voyage of the Pilgrim ship ""Mayflower"". Financed as the ""Mayflower"" was by Thomas Weston and others of the London-based Merchant Adventurers, ""Fortune"" was to transport thirty-five ""settlers"" to the colony on a ship that was much smaller than ""Mayflower"". The ""Fortune"" required two months to prepare for the voyage and once underway, reached Cape Cod on 9 November 1621 and the colony itself in late November. The ship was unexpected by those"
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"is typically the most well known of the Northern Settlements. Plymouth was the site of the colony founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, passengers of the famous ship the Mayflower. Before the arrival of the Mayflower earlier explorations killed between 90 and 95% of the local native inhabitants due to disease. The near disappearance of the tribe from the site not only left their cornfields and other cleared areas for the Pilgrims to take over, but also meant that the Indians were in no condition to disrupt the arrival of the colonists. With the dwindling numbers of Native Indians in"
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"a variety of small two-masted gaff-rigged vessels used in the coast and estuaries of the Netherlands. Most were working craft but some pleasure yachts with schooner rigs were built for wealthy merchants. Following the arrival of the Dutch Stadtholder William of Orange on the British throne, the British Royal Navy built a royal yacht with a schooner rig in 1695, HMS ""Royal Transport"". This vessel, captured in a detailed Admiralty model, is the earliest fully documented schooner. ""Royal Transport"" was quickly noted for its speed and ease of handling, and mercantile vessels soon adopted the rig in Europe and in"
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"the harsh treatment from King James for rejecting England's official church. Although they were allowed some religious liberties in Holland, the liberalism and openness of the Dutch to all styles of life horrified them. They approached the Virginia Company and asked to settle ""as a distinct body of themselves"" in America. In the fall of 1620, they sailed to North America on the ""Mayflower"", first landing near the tip of Cape Cod (modern-day Provincetown, Massachusetts). Blown north off its course, the Mayflower landed at a site that had been named Plymouth. Since the area was not land that lay within"
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"is recorded in Dutch church records as Jan Lano. In November 1621 Philip Delano arrived in Plymouth Colony as a single man on the ship ""Fortune"". While Banks states that he was 16 years of age when he arrived he was actually closer to 20 though it is speculated he must at this time have been a servant of one of the other passengers, as he was a minor. He may have lived first in Plymouth with his uncle, ""Mayflower"" passenger Francis Cooke and his son. Philippe's maternal aunt, Hester (Mahieu) was married to Cooke. In the 1623 Division of"
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"until a new wave of colonists arrived in the late 17th century and set up commercial agriculture based on tobacco. The ""Mayflower"" sailed from Plymouth in 1620. The connection between the American colonies and Britain, with shipping as its cornerstone, would continue to grow unhindered for almost two hundred years. Several major internal political events hinged on the participation (or lack of participation) of the Navy. First, at the end of the years of the Protectorate, the English Royal Navy brought Charles II back from his exile in Holland in May 1660, aboard the hastily renamed . Again in 1688,"
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"1660s (see below). During the 16th century, locally produced wool was the major export commodity. Plymouth was the home port for successful maritime traders, among them Sir John Hawkins, who led England's first foray into the Atlantic slave trade, as well as Sir Francis Drake, Mayor of Plymouth in 1581 and 1593. According to legend, Drake insisted on completing his game of bowls on the Hoe before engaging the Spanish Armada in 1588. In 1620 the Pilgrim Fathers set sail for the New World from Plymouth, establishing Plymouth Colony – the second English colony in what is now the United"
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"risk of piracy or shipwreck was high) they traveled in convoys with a light guard. A major technological advance was the design of the Dutch merchant ship known as the fluyt. Unlike rivals, it was not built for possible conversion in wartime to a warship, so it was cheaper to build and carried twice the cargo, and could be handled by a smaller crew. Construction by specialized shipyards using new tools made it half the cost of rival ships. The factors combined to sharply lower the cost of transportation for Dutch merchants, giving them a major competitive advantage. The ship"
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"first trekschuit 'sailed' in 1632 between Amsterdam and Haarlem, and could carry 30 passengers. Because of the sluice gate between the Haarlem Lake and the IJ, the canal was not continuous. The passengers needed to disembark and change boats at this point, which was halfway, and where the town of Halfweg (meaning ""halfway"") formed. Commercial freight was not allowed to use the canal, and a complicated tax system on water transport kept the trekschuit system a stable means of passenger transport for centuries. The success of the Haarlemmertrekvaart led to the extension of the canal from Haarlem to Leiden by"
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"enemies there—which included numerous Puritans. With the religious and political climate so unpromising, many Puritans decided to leave the country. Some of the migration was also from English expatriate communities of non-conformists and Separatists who had set up churches in the Netherlands since the 1590s. The Winthrop Fleet of 1630 included 11 ships led by the flagship ""Arbella"", and it delivered some 700 passengers to the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Migration continued until Parliament was reconvened in 1640, at which point the scale dropped off sharply. The English Civil War began in 1641, and some colonists returned from New England to"
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What can be a bone in the human body, a tool, and the name of oil tycoon?
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"when Geo P. Dog digs a hole and dumps a bone on the Gophers and then dirt as he fills the hole in. Geo does remove the bone upon Tosh's request, but realizing that it was gophers who asked him to move the bone, he returns to the same hole to rebury the bone. This time, Mac goes up, only to be grabbed by Geo. Mac then yells for help, which arrives in the form of Tosh and a hammer, which Tosh uses to knock Geo's head into his collar, allowing the Gophers to return to their hole and escape"
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"to manipulate tissue in a way that augments hands-on work. There are a number of brands including: graston, rockblade and hawkgrip. A body rock is a serpentine-shaped tool, usually carved out of stone. It is used to amplify the therapist's strength and focus pressure on certain areas. It can be used directly on the skin with a lubricant such as oil or corn starch or directly over clothing. Bamboo and rosewood tools are also commonly implemented. They originate from practices in southeast Asia, Thailand, Cambodia, and Burma. Some of them may be heated, oiled, or wrapped in cloth. The main"
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"Hippocampus (mythology) The hippocampus or hippocamp, also ""hippokampoi"" (plural: hippocampi or hippocamps; , from , ""horse"" and , ""sea monster""), often called a sea-horse in English, is a mythological creature shared by Phoenician, Etruscan, and Greek mythology, though its name has a Greek origin. The hippocampus has typically been depicted as having the upper body of a horse with the lower body of a fish. Coins minted at Tyre around the 4th century BC show the patron god Melqart riding on a winged hippocampus and accompanied by dolphins. Coins of the same period from Byblos show a hippocampus diving under"
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"Arm and hammer The arm and hammer is a symbol consisting of a muscular arm holding a hammer. Used in ancient times as a symbol of the god Vulcan, it came to be known as a symbol of industry, for example blacksmithing and gold-beating. It has been used as a symbol by many different kinds of organizations, including banks, local government, and socialist political parties. It has been used in heraldry, appearing in the Coat of arms of Birmingham and Seal of Wisconsin. The similarity to the name of the industrialist Armand Hammer is not a coincidence: he was named"
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"War II. The oil was used to render wells undrinkable and thus deny their use to the enemy. By not being lethal, the oil was claimed to not be in breach of the Geneva Protocol. Dippel's oil Dippel's oil (sometimes known as bone oil) is a nitrogenous by-product of the destructive distillation of bones. A dark, viscous, tar-like liquid with an unpleasant smell, it is named after its inventor, Johann Conrad Dippel. The oil consists mostly of aliphatic chains, with nitrogen functionalities and includes species such as pyrroles, pyridines and nitriles, as well as other nitrogenous compounds. Dippel's oil had"
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"bacula of walruses, seals, sea lions, and polar bears. Sometimes as long as , fossilized bacula are often polished and used as a handle for knives and other tools. The ""oosik"" is a polished and sometimes carved baculum of these large northern carnivores. ""Oosiks"" are also sold as tourist souvenirs. In 2007, a fossilized penis bone from an extinct species of walrus, believed by the seller to be the largest in existence, was sold for $8,000. Baculum The baculum (also penis bone, penile bone, or os penis, or os priapi) is a bone found in the penis of many placental"
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"Bone tool In archaeology, a bone tool is a tool created from bone. A bone tool can conceivably be created from almost any bone, and in a variety of methods. Bone tools have been documented from the advent of ""Homo sapiens"" and are also known from ""Homo neanderthalensis"" contexts or even earlier. Bone has been used for making tools by virtually all hunter-gatherer societies, even when other materials were readily available. Any part of the skeleton can potentially be utilized; however, antlers and long bones provide some of the best working material. Long bone fragments can be shaped, by scraping"
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"these finds were found in an intact wooden chest which contained over 60 objects relating to the barber-surgeon's medical practice: the wooden handles of a complete set of surgical tools and several shaving razors (although none of the steel blades had survived), a copper syringe for wound irrigation and treatment of gonorrhoea, and even a skilfully crafted feeding bottle for feeding incapacitated patients. More objects were found around the cabin, such as earscoops, shaving bowls and combs. With this wide selection of tools and medicaments the barber-surgeon, along with one or more assistants, could set bone fractures, perform amputations and"
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"played by clacking the bones together. As a musical instrument, they have a history that dates to ancient China, Egypt and Greece. Bone tool In archaeology, a bone tool is a tool created from bone. A bone tool can conceivably be created from almost any bone, and in a variety of methods. Bone tools have been documented from the advent of ""Homo sapiens"" and are also known from ""Homo neanderthalensis"" contexts or even earlier. Bone has been used for making tools by virtually all hunter-gatherer societies, even when other materials were readily available. Any part of the skeleton can potentially"
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"following the discovery of the tomb and in several publications they are regarded as surgical instruments. It was stated that they might be the oldest surgical tools in the world. They are now preserved in Imhotep museum. However, these types of model tools are common in many Old Kingdom burials of officials with different functions. They are not surgical instruments. They are model tools. Also 22 bronze statues were unearthed representing different deities in various shapes and sizes including Ptah, Horus-the- child (also known as Harpocrates) and Isis. A statuette of Imhotep the physician, the great engineer and builder of"
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"of a skull in front of his chest as a blood container, and the left hand holds a mongoose expelling wish fulfilling jewels. On his head is a crown of five skulls in the shape of the five-Buddha crown; around his neck is a string of 50 pray beads made of human skulls, with five-color snakes as bracelets on hands, feet and neck. He shows anger on his face, standing with his right leg bent, his left leg extended, the right leg is extended pressing upon the head of the yellow Lord of Wealth, adorned with various gold ornaments, lying"
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"and another set on his left composed of energy. He has white hair and a strange tattoo on his face, possibly meant to be the Greek symbol Omega. In this story, Wolverine and Cyclops are brothers. Wolverine cost Cyclops one of his eyes, while it is hinted that Cyclops cost Wolverine one of his hands. (This seems to be why one of Wolverine's sets of claws is energy while the other is metal. Throughout this story with the exception of a pair of panels, Wolverine was depicted with two flesh and blood hands, the flesh and blood appearance of both"
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"1840. Trapezium (bone) The trapezium bone (greater multangular bone) is a carpal bone in the hand. It forms the radial border of the carpal tunnel. The trapezium is distinguished by a deep groove on its anterior surface. It is situated at the radial side of the carpus, between the scaphoid and the first metacarpal bone (the metacarpal bone of the thumb). It is homologous with the first distal carpal of reptiles and amphibians. The trapezium is an irregular-shaped carpal bone found within the hand. The trapezium is found within the distal row of carpal bones, and is directly adjacent to"
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"holding a snake in his hand and riding a black horse. The etymology of his name seems to be stemming from the Latin word 'vinea', vine, which is also the name given to an ancient war machine made of wood and covered with leather and branches, used to ""overthrow walls"". ""Other spellings"": Viné, Vinea. Vine (demon) In demonology, Vine (also known as vain) is an Earl and also a King of Hell, commanded by Satan. He is known to be the trickiest, deadliest demon. He has the power to take one's soul without permission. Though according to spiritual teachings, one"
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"fractions or subsidiary. He believed the bone to be an ""interchange rule between bases 10 and 12."" Ishango bone The Ishango bone is a bone tool, dated to the Upper Paleolithic era. It is a dark brown length of bone, the fibula of a baboon, with a sharp piece of quartz affixed to one end, perhaps for engraving. It was first thought to be a tally stick, as it has a series of what has been interpreted as tally marks carved in three columns running the length of the tool, though it has also been suggested that the scratches might"
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"until the 19th century. Many executioners recovered the fat called ""Armsünderfett"" or ""Armsünderschmalz"" (German for ""fat or grease from poor executed sinners"") from the bodies of their executants and sold it. For some executioners the marketing of human fat was a major source of revenue. In traditional medicine many other parts of executed bodies as well as their fat were awarded a special action force, which evolved from a pagan sacrificial belief. The human fat was used to make ointments for treatment of various diseases such as bone pain, toothache and gout. It was also regarded as a panacea for"
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"with both the great showman – and the enigma. The man known as Walford Bodie, 'Merry Devil.' In 2005, a book was published, detailing Bodie's exploits called ""Showmen or Charlatans?: The Stories of 'Dr' Walford Bodie and 'Sir' Alexander Cannon"" by Roger Woods and Brian Lead. Walford Bodie Walford Bodie, whose real name was Samuel Murphy Bodie (1869–1939), was a Scottish showman, hypnotist, ventriloquist and stage magician, famous for his 'mock' electrocutions involving a replica of 'The Electric Chair'. He also performed an act of 'Bloodless Surgery', claiming he could use electricity, hypnosis and manipulation to cure 'all kinds of"
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"Trapezium (bone) The trapezium bone (greater multangular bone) is a carpal bone in the hand. It forms the radial border of the carpal tunnel. The trapezium is distinguished by a deep groove on its anterior surface. It is situated at the radial side of the carpus, between the scaphoid and the first metacarpal bone (the metacarpal bone of the thumb). It is homologous with the first distal carpal of reptiles and amphibians. The trapezium is an irregular-shaped carpal bone found within the hand. The trapezium is found within the distal row of carpal bones, and is directly adjacent to the"
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"origin. Earlier writers portrayed the Torch's body as anatomically identical to human, but made out of synthetic materials (such as ceramic bone). Correspondingly, the Torch was shown to have human needs and human weaknesses; he has been felled by drugs, poison gas, hypnotic and telepathic attacks in both Golden Age stories and the ""Invaders"" series from the 1970s. The Torch has a heart, lungs, circulatory and digestive systems, and has been shown sleeping, eating, and drinking on more than one occasion. Toro has humorously implied that the Torch has normal human excretory functions. This concept of a living, artificial human"
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"come in many shapes and sizes. It can be used in its natural form, can be polished with sand and other abrasives to create a smooth and glossy surface, or can be treated with a burning process which leaves it a blue-black to whitish gray color. Bones have been used to create numerous objects throughout history, from tools such as hammers and fishhooks to weapons such spear, arrow, and harpoon points to pendants, hairpins, gaming pieces, musical instruments and ceremonial objects. Antler, a modified form of bone, grows out of the skull bones of certain species of animals and is"
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"demon, she saw her baby's legs in his mouth as he ate them. Wanyūdō Wanyūdō (Japanese: 輪入道 literally ""wheel (輪) monk (入道)""), also known as ""Firewheel"" or ""Soultaker"", is a figure in Japanese mythology, a relatively well-known yōkai in the folklore of Japan; earliest reports of Wanyūdō date back to the Heian period. Wanyūdō takes the form of a burning oxcart wheel bearing the tormented face of a man. Various folklore purports him as the condemned soul of a tyrannical ""daimyō"" who, in life, was known for having his victims drawn on the back of an oxcart. He is said"
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"accordance with the field of medical research, tiger bone can now be legally used for testing after government authorization. It can be used as a beauty emollient. Easy to be absorbed, it releases its effects immediately. The calcium and protein found in tiger bones are said to have healing properties, and they are often used as an anti-inflammatory drug to treat: Apart from stimulating blood flow, the popular belief is that it is also considered to have properties that boost intelligence quotient and that increase virility in men. The ""Compendium of Materia Medica "" is a catalogue that was written"
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"thumb (connected to the trapezium) is located on one of the sides, parallel to the arm. The palm has five bones known as metacarpal bones, one to each of the five digits. Human hands contain fourteen digital bones, also called phalanges, or phalanx bones: two in the thumb (the thumb has no middle phalanx) and three in each of the four fingers. These are the distal phalanx, carrying the nail, the middle phalanx, and the proximal phalanx. Sesamoid bones are small ossified nodes embedded in the tendons to provide extra leverage and reduce pressure on the underlying tissue. Many exist"
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"recent mammal fossils were also used by the Comanche for medicine like those of bears, giant bison, camels, glyptodonts, Columbian mammoths, and mastodons. Comanches used bits of mammoth leg bone to draw out boils, infections, poisons and pain from wounds. This usage is fairly plausible as the porous nature of fossil bone causes a capillary effect that could be used to dry infected wounds and sores. Mammoth bone used for this purpose was known as medicinebone or madstone. In 1931, University of Oklahoma geologist J. W. Stovall received word that a road crew grading for the construction of U.S. Route"
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"Shezmu Shesmu (alternatively Schesmu and Shezmu) is an Ancient Egyptian deity with a contradictory character. He was worshipped from the early Old Kingdom period. Shesmu was seldom depicted but when he was he appeared as a man with a lion's head holding a butcher's knife. In later times he appeared as a lion. If only his name was mentioned it often appeared with the determinative of an oil press, and sometimes only the oilpress was depicted. Shesmu was a god with a contradictory personality. On one hand, he was ""lord of perfume"", ""maker of all precious oil"", ""lord of the"
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"recovered include a bronze object, which may be a headdress or a vessel, showing a sea-god driving a chariot between torch-bearing ""putti"" and tritons. Miranda Green speculates that Senilis may have been the individual who wore this artifact. Other artifacts include bronze reliefs depicting a sea deity, fishermen and tritons, nine stone or bronze statues of dogs, one of which has a human face, and some of which are similar to Irish Wolfhounds, a bronze plaque of a woman, a bronze arm, an oculist's stamp (used by physicians to mark their cakes of eye ointment), about 320 pins, nearly 300"
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"billionaire Donald Trump’s wedding cake, a chimney with a bird on top of it with a satellite dish, and a chair made of skeletons, were all constructed and arranged. The installation invited the viewer/participant to negotiate his or her own path through a seemingly random assortment of images and ideas, echoing the mental processes which create free associations between disparate phenomena which so fascinate Tyson. A mixture of paints, pigments and chemicals are allowed to interact in specific ways upon an acid primed aluminium panel. The combined processes of gravity, chemical reaction, temperature, hydrophobia and evaporation simultaneously conspire to create"
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"a half-man, half-tortoise, the lower half being a tortoise. He is normally shown as having four arms. He sat on the bottom of the ocean after the Great Flood. A mountain was placed on his back by the other gods so they could churn the sea and find the ancient treasures of the Vedic peoples. Tortoise shells were used by ancient Chinese as oracle bones to make predictions. The tortoise is a symbol of the Ancient Greek god, Hermes. Tortoise Tortoises () are a family, Testudinidae, under the order Testudines and suborder Cryptodira. There are fourteen extant families of the"
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"carving of bones, ritual treatment of bodies, articulated language). Hand axe A hand axe (or handaxe) is a prehistoric stone tool with two faces that is the longest-used tool in human history. It is usually made from flint or chert. It is characteristic of the lower Acheulean and middle Palaeolithic (Mousterian) periods. Its technical name (biface) comes from the fact that the archetypical model is generally bifacial Lithic flake and almond-shaped (amygdaloidal). Hand axes tend to be symmetrical along their longitudinal axis and formed by pressure or percussion. The most common hand axes have a pointed end and rounded base,"
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"by the ability to be brought opposite to the fingers, a muscle action known as opposition. The skeleton of the human hand consists of 27 bones: the eight short carpal bones of the wrist are organized into a proximal row (scaphoid, lunate, triquetral and pisiform) which articulates with the bones of the forearm, and a distal row (trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate), which articulates with the bases of the five metacarpal bones of the hand. The heads of the metacarpals will each in turn articulate with the bases of the proximal phalanx of the fingers and thumb. These articulations with"
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"and a thunderbolt is engraved on his chest. At the base of the statue are the hammer and tongs of Vulcan and Mercury’s cock and wand (caduceus). A variation of the same figure, but with a human head instead of the lion-mask, is also found, but is rare. Although animal-headed figures are prevalent in contemporary Egyptian and Gnostic mythological representations, no exact parallel to the Mithraic leontocephaline figure has been found. The name of the figure has been deciphered from dedicatory inscriptions to be ""Arimanius"", a Latinized form of the name ""Ahriman"" – a demonic figure in the Zoroastrian pantheon."
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"impressive head chiselled from one piece of bone, and the top part was covered down to his eyes by a floppy-brimmed sun hat. His top half was draped in a loose-fitting hunting jacket of multi-coloured patchwork. He wore seersucker blue pants, and the whole torso was pivoted on a pair of huge white plimsolls [a type of shoe] with a fine red trim around the bulkheads. Damn near 6-foot-6 of solid bone and meat holding a beaten-up leather bag across his knee and a loaded cigarette holder between the arthritic fingers of his other hand. The article was first released"
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"tubercle found on the anterior surface of the bone. It is where sometimes abductor pollicis brevis muscle attaches. The carpal bones function as a unit to provide a bony superstructure for the hand. The trapezium is the most radial of the bones surrounding the carpal tunnel. It is important in thumb movement. The trapezium is susceptible to arthritis at the joint with the metacarpal bone of the thumb, due to overuse. The etymology derives from the Greek ""trapezion"" which means ""a little table"", from ""trapeza"" meaning ""table"", itself from ""(te)tra-"" ""four"" and ""pod-"" ""foot"". The bone was first documented in"
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In what card game does a player ask his opponent for one of his or her cards of a particular rank, drawing a card from the pool if the opponent has none?
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"then they hand it over. If the player doesn't, then it becomes her or his turn to ask. When a quart is created, or a complete quart was dealt, then the cards creating the quart are placed in front of the player. The game ends when all the quarts have been created. The winner is the person with the most quarts. Quartets (card game) Quartets is a commercial card game similar to Go Fish. The game was invented in the Netherlands where it is known as ""kwartet"". The game was originally created by Austrian card game company Piatnik during the"
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"the topmost card from the ""pool"" is revealed and play begins. The first to play (generally, the player on the dealer's left) should select from his or her hand a card that matches ""either"", the suit or the rank of the open card (the card that is ""top""); for example, on a 10 of spades, only a spade card or a 10 may be played. If a player is not able to place a card or doesn't want to lay a card, he takes a card from the drawing stack. If the drawing stack is empty or nearly so, the"
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"card, cards shall continue to be selected from the pool until a non-trick card is revealed.) The first to play (generally, the player on the dealer's left) should select from his or her hand a card that matches ""either"", the suit or the rank of the open card (the card that is ""top""); for example, on a 10 of spades, only a spade card or a 10 may be played. If a player is not able to place a card, he draws cards from the stack until he is able to play a card. If the drawing stack is run"
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"face down. The first player lays down his top card face up, and the opponent plays his top card, also face up, on it, and this goes on alternately as long as no ace or face card (king, queen, or jack) appears. These cards are called ""penalty cards."" If either player turns up such a card, his opponent has to pay a penalty: four cards for an ace, three for a king, two for a queen, or one for a jack. When he has done so, the player of the penalty card wins the hand, takes all the cards in"
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"of card by showing it and then flipping over the card they want. If they are correct, they take the card. If they are incorrect, they must put down the card they thought it was and take the wrong card. For one player to take from another, they must be on the same space as each other or in the same room. A player challenges another player's card by first proving that they have one of its set. If they do have the card, they must give it to the player or they can give them a ""No Clue"" card"
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"in numerical order. If card from left stack cannot be used, leave on stack face up. Then turn top card on right stack, and see if it can be used. If not, place face up in discard pile (center stack). Opponent gets his turn. If opponent's card is of the same suit and color (or any card on table except for cards on the Aces in the center) he can give that card to the other players either pile as long as it is still in numerical order up or down. Winning: the first player who runs out of their"
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"a player may request that another player ""lay out"" a particular card. This is equivalent to asking a yes-or-no question, but if the answer is yes, the asked player must play the requested card face up on the table. A player may, during their turn, form a four-of-a-kind from cards in their hand and on the table, so the only way to gain access to more cards is by requesting lay-outs. A lay-out request must ask for a particular card (e.g. the 3 of spades) and not just the rank (e.g. a 3). It can be played with any subset"
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"the left. The pool is formed by dealer's contribution of five chips or counters. Then the players are dealt five cards each and the next turned for trump. Cards rank as at Whist, except that the knave of clubs, which is called Pam, is the highest trump. Everyone's aim is to win at least one trick, under penalty of increasing the pool. The players, having seen their hands, can either abandon them free of charge or elect to play, thereby undertaking to win at least one trick for one fifth of the pool. Any player failing to take a trick"
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"each player receives was not specified in the published rules, although it is implicit that at least five tricks are played and at least one card must remain in the stock. Three of the four suitless cards have immediate effects on the players who find them in their hands. The suits are irrelevant for trick-play. If the highest rank in a trick occurs more than once, the first card played of that rank wins the trick. The cards rank King, Queen, Army General, Prisoner of War, Jack, Ace, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6. Eldest hand leads to the first trick."
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"of the deck or take the upcard. (Also, the other players in the game have the ability to get the up card.) After the player draws his card, either from the deck or the upcard, he must then choose any card in his hand to discard, and he then places this card face up on the discard pile. That card then becomes the new upcard, which the next player in turn can take or other players can buy. To get a card that isn't yours a player must say, “BUY"", before the next player draws their card, or else it"
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"on the pile before your opponent(s), and the game ends when one player wins by playing all of their cards, although some games continue until there is only one player left. The player to the left of the dealer plays first, choosing a card that matches either the suit or the rank of the card on the pile. If the player cannot play a card on this turn, then they lift a card from the deck. When there are no more cards in the deck, the top pile card is removed and placed to the side, and the remaining cards"
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"the game to increase competitiveness if someone except the caller plays a trump group card, not knowing that it's the trump, may be replied to by the caller (if he doesn't have the trump group on his hand)either by letting the hand pass, by covering a non trump card or by opening the card that was covered in the beginning. Furthermore, the counting method is varied giving A's and 10 the same value(10) to make counting easier. Sometimes a minimum bidding value is established (generally 160) and every 20 points the number of cards given to the winning team is"
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"a discard pile. The player to the dealer's left goes first. The player may choose the top card from either the draw pile or the discard pile. The player adds this card to their hand. The player ends their turn by discarding one card from their hand so that the player ends up with the same number of cards as were dealt. A player may not use a dictionary during their turn, but the other players may. Turns are taken in the same manner in a clockwise rotation among the players. The round continues until one player can go out.[1]"
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"games with community cards, the term can also refer to a situation where no possible additional community card draws results in a win for a player. (This may be because another player has folded the cards that would complete his hand, his opponent's hand is already stronger than any hand he can possibly draw to or that the card that completes his hand also augments his opponent's.) Draw (poker) A poker player is drawing if they have a hand that is incomplete and needs further cards to become valuable. The hand itself is called a draw or drawing hand. For"
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"remaining 2 cards each. Bidding, or ""calling"", as it is commonly known, is done when an opposition player wishes to set trump although it is not technically his turn to trump. Players usually choose to call for trump due to them being dealt favorable cards. A player may not call against his partners call for trump. Should both players from the team call out a bid at the same time, the bid is escalated to the next multiple of 10 and the dealer will allocate who from the opposing team will call trump which must be placed on the table"
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"open card (the card that is ""top""); for example, on a 9 of spades, only a spade card or a 9 may be played. If a player is not able to place a card, he draws cards from the stack until he is able to play a card. A player may choose to withhold a card due to personal strategy but will incur the penalty of having to pick a card from the deck. If the drawing stack is run down and becomes empty, the playing stack or discard pile (except for the topmost card) is shuffled, and placed face"
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"cards and the challenger starts a new round. If the challenge is wrong, the challenger picks up all the cards and the next person (in some variants, the previous person gets the right to start a new round) starts a new round with the rank of his choice. Whenever players pick up cards in this way, they may – if they wish – reveal four of the same rank from their hand, and discard them. If a player accepts the previous player's call, they themselves must then play (or pretend to play) between one and three of cards of the"
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"a partner that the bidder is holding two jacks of the same color. You may call high or low as trump, but in this case (unless the player calling trump is going pfeff or pfeffer [going solo with no partner and must take all six tricks] if the bidder calls hi or low, he or she must exchange his best card (A if high is called, 9 if low is called) for the worst card (a 9 if high is called, A if low is called) from the player on the callers left. There are different scoring and waging rules"
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"the top card of either the stock or the discard and subsequently discarding a card. All players are trying to collect a hand value of 31 (or the nearest to it) in the same suit. If a player has three cards of the same value from different suits, the hand is worth 30.5 points. Play continues clockwise around the table until any player knocks or obtains a ""blitz"". When it is a player's turn, and that player believes their hand is high enough to beat at least one of the opponents, they knock on the table in lieu of drawing"
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"or stock. Each player now attempts to collect four cards of the same value, e.g. four 7s or four 9s. The dealer starts by giving a card that he cannot use to the player on his right, without showing the other players. The receiving player now chooses a card from his hand of five and passes it to the player on his right and so on. If a card goes around the table and back to the player who first had it, he may place it in a discard pile next to the talon and draw the top card from"
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"takes a card from the stock; the second player is then called upon and acts similarly till an ace is played. This (and the other aces when played) is put face upwards on the table, and the piles are built up from the ace to the king. The pool goes to the player who first gets rid of all his cards. If a player fails to play, having a playable card, he is fined the amount of the ante for every card in the other players' hands. The name can also refer to a gambling game, see Fan-Tan. In the"
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"The trick is taken by the highest card of the suit led. There are no trumps. Whoever takes the fewest card-points wins 5 chips, second fewest 4, third fewest 3. Ties are settled in favour of the eldest player, but a player taking no trick beats one who merely takes no card-points. A player winning every trick is paid 4 each by the others and a player taking 100 or more in card-points, but failing to win every trick, pays 4 each to the other players. In these cases, the pool remains intact and the same dealer deals again, as"
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"face value. For example, Alice may ask, ""Bob, do you have any threes?"" Alice must have at least one card of the rank she requested. Bob must hand over all cards of that rank if possible. If he has none, Bob tells Alice to ""go fish"" (or just simply ""fish""), and Alice draws a card from the pool and places it in her own hand. Then it is the next player's turn – unless the card Alice drew is the card she asked for, in which case she shows it to the other players, and she gets another turn. When"
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"case they win and no discard is required). If everyone has a high goal card at the start of play, there may be many turns where the players draw just one card and then decide which card to add to the discard piles until someone gets a sufficient number of cards saved up in the discard piles of cards to reach their high number. Or one person may end up with a low goal card and, in reaching that one and then ending their turn, they will have unavoidably helped someone else to reach their higher number goal card. As"
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"cards before either player on the opposing team is out of cards, the winning team scores 200 points and there is no card scoring this round. The last player out gives their remaining cards to the opposing team, and gives all the tricks they have won this round to the first player out. Points are scored based on the cards in the tricks won by each team. Kings and tens are worth ten points each, fives are worth five points, the Dragon is worth 25 points, and the Phoenix is worth ""negative"" 25. All other cards score zero. In 2015"
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"the opponents can either fold or challenge the draw. Only players who have exposed melds are given this opportunity. A player cannot call for a draw if his exposed hand(s) has been melded (sapaw) by any opponent within the round. Players with no card sets exposed are automatically folded. When a draw has been called, the points are computed and tallied. The person with the lowest points wins. If a tie occurs, the challenger wins. In the event of a three-way tie, the player to the right of the challenger wins. When the central stack runs out of cards, the"
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"between the two no matter which of the two players asked for showdown. In another variation, where the suits hold ranks, the player with the higher suit wins the pot. The categories are ranked as follows: Three of the same cards. Three aces are the highest and three twos are the lowest trio. This hand is sometimes called a ""trail"" and a straight called a ""sequence"" or ""round"", but in some areas the term for a straight is ""trail"". Three consecutive cards of the same suit. The order of ranking from highest (defined by highest card in the sequence) to"
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"card of the same suit if possible. Any player who has no card of the suit led ""must"" play a trump if they can. A player who has no cards of the suit led and no trumps can discard any card. The trick is won by whoever played the highest trump, or if no trump was played, by whoever played the highest card of the suit led. The winner of the trick leads to the next. The objective is to win exactly the number of tricks you said you would win. The hand ends when all cards are played. Examples:"
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"player's card must be played, higher than the first two cards if possible; or if this is not possible, then lower; if no card of the same suit is held, then if possible, a trump card must be played; if no trump card is held, then any card may be played. The fourth player likewise plays a card following these same rules. When all four cards of the trick are on the table, the pair that played the card with the strongest card wins the hand. The trump suit beats the other three suits, with the ranking of trump cards"
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"claim to play though hiding cards under the table or up the sleeve is not allowed. After any challenge, the winner begins a new round by making a claim of any amount of any card rank. If at any point a player picks up cards and has all eight natural cards of a certain rank, he declares this out loud and removes them from the game. If a player fails to do this and later leads a round with this rank, he or she automatically loses the game. Once a player has played all his or her cards, he or"
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"the highest bidder starts the game by playing to the center of the table any card of any color. The play passes to the left, each person playing one card. The highest card of the color led ""takes"" the cards thus played, called a ""trick"", unless the trick is ""trumped"", in which case the highest trump played takes the trick. Note that a player must follow the color led, if possible—that is to say, if the player has a card of the color led, he must play a card of that color. If a player does not have a card"
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"player at his turn may play any card from his hand that matches the suit ""or"" the rank of the card previously played; for example, if the previous card was a seven of clubs, the next player may put down any seven card, or any club card, from his hand. Should the player not have any card available to play or not wish to go, he must pick up one card. Players are initially dealt seven cards. The remainder of the deck is placed face down and serve as a ""pool"" or drawing stack. At the beginning of the game"
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"in which players compete with each other to acquire a hand of 15 points or as close to 15 as possible, hence the game is also known as Fifteen. It is usually played by two persons only, with a full pack of 52 cards. The cards are shuffled by both players and when they have it cut for deal, which falls to the lot of that who cuts the lowest card, being Ace low and King high, the dealer is then free to shuffle them again. When this is done, the adversary cuts them, after which the dealer gives one"
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What German scientist, who died on 16 Sept 1736, invented a temperature scale in which water boils at 212ø and absolute zero is defined as -459.67ø?
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"Fahrenheit The Fahrenheit scale is a temperature scale based on one proposed in 1724 by Dutch–German–Polish physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736). It uses the degree Fahrenheit (symbol: °F) as the unit. Several accounts of how he originally defined his scale exist. The lower defining point, 0 °F, was established as the temperature of a solution of brine made from equal parts of ice, water and salt (ammonium chloride). Further limits were established as the melting point of ice (32 °F) and his best estimate of the average human body temperature (96 °F, about 2.6 °F less than the modern value"
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"Rømer scale The Rømer scale (; notated as °Rø), also known as Romer or Roemer, is a temperature scale named after the Danish astronomer Ole Christensen Rømer, who proposed it in 1701. It is based on the freezing point of pure water being 7.5 degrees and the boiling point of water as 60 degrees. In this scale, the zero was initially set using freezing brine. The boiling point of water was defined as 60 degrees. Rømer then saw that the freezing point of pure water was roughly one eighth of the way (about 7.5 degrees) between these two points, so"
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"(1701–1744) created a temperature scale that was the reverse of the scale now known as ""Celsius"": 0 represented the boiling point of water, while 100 represented the freezing point of water. In his paper ""Observations of two persistent degrees on a thermometer"", he recounted his experiments showing that the melting point of ice is essentially unaffected by pressure. He also determined with remarkable precision how the boiling point of water varied as a function of atmospheric pressure. He proposed that the zero point of his temperature scale, being the boiling point, would be calibrated at the mean barometric pressure at"
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"Celsius scale are defined by absolute zero and the triple point of Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW), a specially purified water. This definition also precisely relates the Celsius scale to the Kelvin scale, which defines the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature with symbol K. Absolute zero, the lowest temperature possible, is defined as being exactly 0 K and −273.15 °C. The temperature of the triple point of water is defined as exactly . This means that a temperature difference of one degree Celsius and that of one kelvin are exactly the same. In 1742, Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius"
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"the zero was equivalent to about −240 on the Celsius scale. This close approximation to the modern value of −273.15 °C for the zero of the air-thermometer was further improved upon in 1779 by Johann Heinrich Lambert, who observed that might be regarded as absolute cold. Values of this order for the absolute zero were not, however, universally accepted about this period. Pierre-Simon Laplace and Antoine Lavoisier, in their 1780 treatise on heat, arrived at values ranging from 1,500 to 3,000 below the freezing-point of water, and thought that in any case it must be at least 600 below. John"
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"the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who developed a similar temperature scale two years before his death. The degree Celsius (°C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature ""interval ""(a difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty). From 1744 until 1954, 0 °C was defined as the freezing point of water and 100 °C was defined as the boiling point of water, both at a pressure of one standard atmosphere. Although these defining correlations are commonly taught in schools today, by international agreement the unit ""degree Celsius"" and"
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"Olof Celsius was made a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1739. Olof Celsius Olof Celsius (the elder) (19 July 1670 – 24 June 1756) was a Swedish botanist, philologist and clergyman, He was a professor at Uppsala University, Sweden. Celsius was a mentor of the botanist and scientist Carl Linnaeus. Celsius wrote his most famous book on biblical plants, ""Hierobotanicon"", in 1745-47. Olof Celsius's nephew Anders Celsius was an astronomer who invented a temperature scale where 100 represented the freezing point of water and 0 represented the boiling point. Jean-Pierre Christin, in 1744 reversed the scale"
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"had been invited by Peter the Great to St. Petersburg to found an observatory in 1725. In 1738, Josias Weitbrecht recalibrated the Delisle thermometer with two fixed points, keeping 0 degrees as the boiling point and adding 150 degrees as the freezing point of water. He then sent this calibrated thermometer to various scholars, including Anders Celsius. The Celsius scale, like the Delisle scale, originally ran from zero for boiling water down to 100 for freezing water. This was reversed to its modern order after his death, in part at the instigation of Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus and the manufacturer"
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"reference points became popular following the work of Anders Celsius and these fixed points were adopted by a committee of the Royal Society led by Henry Cavendish in 1776. Under this system, the Fahrenheit scale is redefined slightly so that the freezing point of water is exactly 32 °F, and the boiling point is exactly 212 °F or 180 degrees higher. It is for this reason that normal human body temperature is approximately 98° (oral temperature) on the revised scale (whereas it was 90° on Fahrenheit's multiplication of Rømer, and 96° on his original scale). The Rankine temperature scale was"
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"1665 Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695) suggested using the melting and boiling points of water as standards, and in 1694 Carlo Renaldini (1615–1698) proposed using them as fixed points on a universal scale. In 1701, Isaac Newton (1642–1726/27) proposed a scale of 12 degrees between the melting point of ice and body temperature. In 1714 Dutch scientist and inventor Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the first reliable thermometer, using mercury instead of alcohol and water mixtures. In 1724 he proposed a temperature scale which now (slightly adjusted) bears his name. He could do this because he manufactured thermometers, using mercury (which has a"
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"related to the rapid cooling (and contraction) of the glass. When Celsius decided to use his own temperature scale, he originally defined his scale ""upside-down"", i.e. he chose to set the boiling point of pure water at 0 °C (212 °F) and the freezing point at -100 °C (-32 °F). One year later, Frenchman Jean-Pierre Christin proposed to invert the scale with the freezing point at and the boiling point at . He named it Centigrade (100 grades). Finally, Celsius proposed a method of calibrating a thermometer: These points are adequate for approximate calibration but both vary with atmospheric pressure."
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"Olof Celsius Olof Celsius (the elder) (19 July 1670 – 24 June 1756) was a Swedish botanist, philologist and clergyman, He was a professor at Uppsala University, Sweden. Celsius was a mentor of the botanist and scientist Carl Linnaeus. Celsius wrote his most famous book on biblical plants, ""Hierobotanicon"", in 1745-47. Olof Celsius's nephew Anders Celsius was an astronomer who invented a temperature scale where 100 represented the freezing point of water and 0 represented the boiling point. Jean-Pierre Christin, in 1744 reversed the scale to create the centigrade scale, renamed in 1948 to the Celsius scale in use today."
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"independent of latitude (and of atmospheric pressure). He determined the dependence of the boiling of water with atmospheric pressure which was accurate even by modern-day standards. He further gave a rule for the determination of the boiling point if the barometric pressure deviates from a certain standard pressure. He proposed the Celsius temperature scale in a paper to the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala, the oldest Swedish scientific society, founded in 1710. His thermometer was calibrated with a value of 100° for the freezing point of water and 0° for the boiling point. In 1745, a year after Celsius'"
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"1742. His scale counter-intuitively designated 100 as the freezing point of water and 0 as the boiling point. Independently, in 1743, the French physicist Jean-Pierre Christin described a scale with 0 as the freezing point of water and 100 the boiling point. The scale became known as the centi-grade, or 100 gradations of temperature, scale. The metric system was developed from 1791 onwards by a committee of the French Academy of Sciences, commissioned to create a unified and rational system of measures. The group, which included preeminent French men of science, used the same principles for relating length, volume, and"
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"ushered in a new era of accuracy and precision in thermometry, and is still to this day regarded as one of the most accurate thermometers available. The thermometer was used by the originators of the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales. Anders Celsius, a Swedish scientist, devised the Celsius scale, which was described in his publication ""The origin of the Celsius temperature scale"" in 1742. Celsius used two fixed points in his scale: the temperature of melting ice and the temperature of boiling water. This wasn't a new idea, since Isaac Newton was already working on something similar. The distinction of Celsius"
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"the value in Celsius: This is also an exact conversion making use of the identity -40 °F = -40 °C. Again, is the value in Fahrenheit and the value in Celsius: Fahrenheit proposed his temperature scale in 1724, basing it on two reference points of temperature. In his initial scale (which is not the final Fahrenheit scale), the zero point was determined by placing the thermometer in a mixture of ice, water, and ammonium chloride (""salis Armoniaci""). This is a frigorific mixture which stabilizes its temperature automatically: that stable temperature was defined as 0 °F (−17.78 °C). The second point,"
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"high coefficient of expansion) for the first time and the quality of his production could provide a finer scale and greater reproducibility, leading to its general adoption. In 1742, Anders Celsius (1701–1744) proposed a scale with zero at the boiling point and 100 degrees at the freezing point of water, though the scale which now bears his name has them the other way around. French entomologist René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur invented an alcohol thermometer and temperature scale in 1730 that ultimately proved to be less reliable than Fahrenheit's mercury thermometer. The first physician that put thermometer measurements to clinical"
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"Delisle scale The Delisle scale (°D) is a temperature scale invented in 1732 by the French astronomer Joseph-Nicolas Delisle (1688–1768). Delisle was the author of ""Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire et aux progrès de l'Astronomie, de la Géographie et de la Physique"" (1738). In 1732, Delisle built a thermometer that used mercury as a working fluid. Delisle chose his scale using the temperature of boiling water as the fixed zero point and measured the contraction of the mercury (with lower temperatures) in hundred-thousandths. Delisle thermometers usually had 2400 or 2700 gradations, appropriate to the winter in St. Petersburg, as he"
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"called ""centigrade"", from the Latin ""centum"", which means 100, and ""gradus"", which means steps. From 1743 to 1954, the Celsius scale was based on 0 °C for the freezing point of water and 100 °C for the boiling point of water at 1 atm pressure. Prior to 1743, the scale was also based on the boiling and melting points of water, but the values were reversed (i.e. the boiling point was at 0 degrees and the melting point was at 100 degrees). The 1743 scale reversal was proposed by Jean-Pierre Christin. By international agreement, since 1954 the unit and the"
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"the thermometer of Lyon. One of these thermometers was kept at the Science Museum in London. Jean-Pierre Christin Jean-Pierre Christin (May 31, 1683 – January 19, 1755) was a French physicist, mathematician, astronomer and musician. His proposal in 1743 to reverse the Celsius thermometer scale (from water boiling at 0 degrees and ice melting at 100 degrees, to where zero represented the freezing point of water and 100 represented the boiling point of water) was widely accepted and is still in use today. Christin was born in Lyon. He was a founding member of the """" and served as its"
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"a degree on the Fahrenheit scale is of the interval between the freezing point and the boiling point. On the Celsius scale, the freezing and boiling points of water are 100 degrees apart. A temperature interval of 1 °F is equal to an interval of degrees Celsius. The Fahrenheit and Celsius scales intersect at −40° (i.e., −40 °F = −40 °C). Absolute zero is −273.15 °C or −459.67 °F. The ""Rankine"" temperature scale uses degree intervals of the same size as those of the Fahrenheit scale, except that absolute zero is 0 °R — the same way that the ""Kelvin"""
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"of Linnaeus thermometers, Daniel Ekström. The Delisle thermometer remained in use for almost 100 years in Russia. One of its users was Mikhail Lomonosov, who reversed it, as Jean-Pierre Christin did with Celsius' scale, making the freezing point of water 0 °D and the boiling point 150 °D. Delisle scale The Delisle scale (°D) is a temperature scale invented in 1732 by the French astronomer Joseph-Nicolas Delisle (1688–1768). Delisle was the author of ""Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire et aux progrès de l'Astronomie, de la Géographie et de la Physique"" (1738). In 1732, Delisle built a thermometer that used mercury"
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"Jean-Pierre Christin Jean-Pierre Christin (May 31, 1683 – January 19, 1755) was a French physicist, mathematician, astronomer and musician. His proposal in 1743 to reverse the Celsius thermometer scale (from water boiling at 0 degrees and ice melting at 100 degrees, to where zero represented the freezing point of water and 100 represented the boiling point of water) was widely accepted and is still in use today. Christin was born in Lyon. He was a founding member of the """" and served as its Permanent Secretary from 1713 until 1755. His thermometer was known in France before the Revolution as"
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"He then re-calibrated his scale using the melting point of ice and normal human body temperature (which were at 30 and 90 degrees); he adjusted the scale so that the melting point of ice would be 32 degrees and body temperature 96 degrees, so that 64 intervals would separate the two, allowing him to mark degree lines on his instruments by simply bisecting the interval six times (since 64 is 2 to the sixth power). Fahrenheit observed that water boils at about 212 degrees using this scale. The use of the freezing and boiling points of water as thermometer fixed"
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"the ""Académie des sciences, belles-lettres et arts de Lyon"", developed a similar scale in which ""0"" represented the freezing point of water and ""100"" represented boiling. On 19 May 1743 he published the design of a mercury thermometer, the ""Thermometer of Lyon"" built by the craftsman Pierre Casati that used this scale. The medical thermometer was used by Dutch chemist and physician Hermann Boerhaave (1668–1738), as well as his notable students Gerard van Swieten (1700–72) and Anton de Haen (1704–76). It was also utilized around the same time by Scottish physician George Martine (1700–1741). De Haen made particular strides in"
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"Réaumur scale The Réaumur scale (; °Ré, °Re, °r), also known as the ""octogesimal division"", is a temperature scale for which the freezing and boiling points of water are defined as 0 and 80 degrees respectively. The scale is named for René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur, who first proposed a similar scale in 1730. Réaumur’s thermometer contained diluted alcohol (ethanol) and was constructed on the principle of using 0° for the freezing temperature of water, and graduating the tube into degrees, each of which was one-thousandth of the volume contained by the bulb and tube up to the zero mark."
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"Celsius scale at the triple point of Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW, 273.16 K and 0.01 °C), and at absolute zero (0 K and −273.15 °C), is that neither the melting nor boiling point of water under one standard atmosphere (101.325 kPa) remains a defining point for the Celsius scale. In 1948 when the 9th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) in Resolution 3 first considered using the triple point of water as a defining point, the triple point was so close to being 0.01 °C greater than water's known melting point, it was simply defined as precisely"
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"obtain the eutectic equilibrium exactly (i.e. he might have had a mixture of salts, or it had not fully dissolved). In any case, the definition of the Fahrenheit scale has changed since. According to a letter Fahrenheit wrote to his friend Herman Boerhaave, his scale was built on the work of Ole Rømer, whom he had met earlier. In Rømer's scale, brine freezes at zero, water freezes and melts at 7.5 degrees, body temperature is 22.5, and water boils at 60 degrees. Fahrenheit multiplied each value by four in order to eliminate fractions and increase the granularity of the scale."
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"Hague and was buried there at the Kloosterkerk (Cloister Church). According to Fahrenheit's 1724 article, he determined his scale by reference to three fixed points of temperature. The lowest temperature was achieved by preparing a frigorific mixture of ice, water, and ammonium chloride (a salt), and waiting for it to reach equilibrium. The thermometer then was placed into the mixture and the liquid in the thermometer allowed to descend to its lowest point. The thermometer's reading there was taken as 0 °F. The second reference point was selected as the reading of the thermometer when it was placed in still"
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"character: ""The sequence + is preferred over , and those two sequences should be treated as identical for searching."" Fahrenheit The Fahrenheit scale is a temperature scale based on one proposed in 1724 by Dutch–German–Polish physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736). It uses the degree Fahrenheit (symbol: °F) as the unit. Several accounts of how he originally defined his scale exist. The lower defining point, 0 °F, was established as the temperature of a solution of brine made from equal parts of ice, water and salt (ammonium chloride). Further limits were established as the melting point of ice (32 °F) and"
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"Newton scale The Newton scale is a temperature scale devised by Isaac Newton in 1701. He called his device a ""thermometer"", but he did not use the term ""temperature"", speaking of ""degrees of heat"" (""gradus caloris"") instead. Newton's publication represents the first attempt to introduce an objective way of measuring (what would come to be called) temperature (alongside the Rømer scale published at nearly the same time). Newton likely developed his scale for practical use rather than for a theoretical interest in thermodynamics; he had been appointed Warden of the Mint in 1695, and Master of the Mint in 1699,"
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"known as the first ""anemometer"". In 1607, Galileo Galilei constructed a thermoscope. In 1611, Johannes Kepler wrote the first scientific treatise on snow crystals: ""Strena Seu de Nive Sexangula (A New Year's Gift of Hexagonal Snow)"". In 1643, Evangelista Torricelli invented the mercury barometer. In 1662, Sir Christopher Wren invented the mechanical, self-emptying, tipping bucket rain gauge. In 1714, Gabriel Fahrenheit created a reliable scale for measuring temperature with a mercury-type thermometer. In 1742, Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, proposed the ""centigrade"" temperature scale, the predecessor of the current Celsius scale. In 1783, the first hair hygrometer was demonstrated by"
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"the Celsius scale are currently defined by two different points: absolute zero, and the triple point of VSMOW (specially prepared water). This definition also precisely relates the Celsius scale to the Kelvin scale, which defines the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature (symbol: K). Absolute zero, the hypothetical but unattainable temperature at which matter exhibits zero entropy, is defined as being precisely 0 K ""and"" −273.15 °C. The temperature value of the triple point of water is defined as being precisely 273.16 K ""and"" 0.01 °C. This definition fixes the magnitude of both the degree Celsius and the kelvin as"
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Sometimes called a competitive balance tax, what is the name for the financial penalty that large market baseball/basketball teams such as the Yankees or the Knicks must pay for spending more than a particular threshold?
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"""Technically called the 'Competitive Balance Tax', the Luxury Tax is the punishment that large market teams get for spending too much money. While MLB does not have a set salary cap, the luxury tax charges teams with high payrolls a considerable amount of money, giving teams ample reason to want to keep their payrolls below that level."" The threshold level for the luxury tax will be $189MM in 2014 (up from $178MM from 2011-2013) and will remain at $189MM through 2016. From 2012 through 2016, teams who exceed the threshold for the first time must pay 17.5% of the amount"
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"a competitive disadvantage against rich teams. Major League Baseball implemented the “competitive balance tax” in 1997 to keep a competitive balance in the league. At the beginning of each year, a threshold is set by the Commissioner's Office of Major League Baseball that limits how much a team can spend on their players. In Major League Baseball, the “competitive balance tax” allows teams to go over the threshold, but at a premium. The goal of this is to encourage big spending but to still maintain balance in competition. Major League Baseball's tax has undergone several changes since 1997. The 1994"
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"exceptions, there are consequences for exceeding the cap by large amounts. A luxury tax payment is required of teams whose payroll exceeds a certain ""tax level"", determined by a complicated formula, and teams exceeding it are punished by being forced to pay bracket-based amounts for each dollar by which their payroll exceeds the tax level. While most NBA teams hold contracts valued in excess of the salary cap, few teams have payrolls at luxury tax levels. The tax threshold in 2005–06 was $61.7 million. In 2005–06, the New York Knicks' payroll was $124 million, putting them $74.5 million above the"
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"times. New York has exceeded it fourteen times, or, every year since it has been in enforcement. In aggregate, the Yankees have paid out some $325.00 MM, 73.78%, of the total fines assessed since the luxury tax began. In 2016 a record six teams were issued the luxury tax by the MLB. The Los Angeles Dodgers ($31.8 million), the New York Yankees ($27.4 million), the Boston Red Sox ($4.5 million), the Detroit Tigers ($4 million), the San Francisco Giants ($3.4 million) and theChicago Cubs ($186.5 million). In 2017 the same six teams from 2016 were issued the luxury tax by"
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"picks, and are prohibited from signing free agents for more than the league minimum. The NBA also has a salary floor, but teams are not penalized as long as their total payroll exceeds the floor at the end of the season. The NBA also uses a ""luxury tax"" which is triggered if the average team payroll exceeds a certain amount higher than the cap. In this case, the teams with payrolls exceeding a certain threshold had to pay a tax to the league which is divided amongst the teams with lower payrolls. However, this penalty was levied against teams in"
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"the penalty rate decreases to 17.5%, 25% or 40% (depending on prior record over the previous five years) for the next time the tax is paid. The threshold for 2018 is $210 million. The following teams have been subject to luxury tax since 2003: As of 2017, the New York Yankees have paid 61.75% of all luxury tax collected by MLB. Money collected under the MLB luxury tax are apportioned as follows: The first $2,375,400 and 50% of the remaining total are used to fund player benefits, 25% goes to the Industry Growth Fund, and the remaining 25% is used"
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"are under the tax threshold. There was no luxury tax implemented in the 2004-2005 season due to insufficient basketball-related income. Although exceeding the luxury tax threshold costs a team twice as much money, it does not seem to limit teams' willingness to spend big money on players. The Canadian Football League has a luxury tax. Penalties for teams that breach the salary cap regulations are: The National Football League (NFL) and the National Hockey League (NHL) both have hard salary caps, making it unnecessary to utilize the luxury tax. Several other leagues in the United States and abroad use salary"
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"one year the penalty re-sets the next year to the ""first offense""). From 2003-2017, in every year at least one team has surpassed the tax threshold; only eight different teams have passed the threshold in that period. Below is a breakdown of how much each team has paid since the inception of the new competitive balance tax in 2003. On December 2nd in each contract year the Commissioner's Office notifies every team that exceeded the tax threshold that they must pay their tax by January 21st of the following calendar year. The Commissioner's Office then redistributes this money in a"
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"the MLB. Against the $195 million threshold + $13 million for player benefits, payrolls for the Los Angeles Dodgers ($244 million), New York Yankees ($209.3 million ), Boston Red Sox ($187.9 million), Detroit Tigers ($190.4 million), San Francisco Giants ($186.4 million) and Chicago Cubs ($199.5 million) were in excess. This was the 15th straight year the New York Yankees paid the luxury tax. In 2018 only two teams met the luxury tax by the MLB: The Boston Red ($9.4 million) and The Washington Nationals ($1.2 million). Several teams came just under the $197 million tax threshold: The San Francisco Giants"
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"enacted only modest forms of revenue sharing and luxury taxes. Compared to the other leagues, there is a far greater disparity between MLB payrolls. The New York Yankees had the highest payroll of any American sports team in 2006 when they paid $194 million in players' salaries – nearly twice the NFL salary cap and nearly thirteen times the payroll of the Florida Marlins who spent about $15 million (significantly less than the mandatory minimum team payrolls in the NFL and NHL). For the 2010–11 NHL season, the average player salary was slightly above the pre-lockout level of US $1.8"
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"limits set a maximum amount of money that may be spent on athletes' contracts. These limits exist to different extents in several other leagues as well. For example, Major League Baseball (MLB) in the U.S. does not have a cap, but charges a luxury tax beyond a certain level. Another example of disparity would be demonstrated by the NBA from the 2014–15 NBA season to the 2017–18 NBA season, where the Golden State Warriors and Cleveland Cavaliers have been the only franchises to reach the NBA Finals during that specific time span and during the 2017 NBA finals and the"
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"teams in each year would pay a 34% fine on each dollar a team spent beyond halfway between the salaries of the 5th and 6th team. For example, if the 5th highest salary team had a payroll of $100 million and the 6th highest salary team had a payroll of $98 million, the top 5 teams would pay 34% on each dollar they spent over $99 million. Here is the amount of money each team paid from 1997 to 1999, when this system was in place. The system today is based on the 2002 collective bargaining agreement. The luxury tax"
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"to reduced privileges in free agency. If the team goes above the tax line - typically about 10 million dollars higher than the salary cap - they will be subject to the luxury tax (for every dollars a team goes over they are subject to a variable amount of tax per dollar). Hard salary caps forbids teams from going above that salary cap no matter what the circumstance. The majority of leagues (NFL, NHL, MLS) have hard caps while the NBA has a soft salary cap. The NBA had a salary cap in the mid-1940s, but it was abolished after"
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"caps, but the luxury tax is uncommon. Luxury tax (sports) A luxury tax in professional sports is a surcharge put on the aggregate payroll of a team to the extent to which it exceeds a predetermined guideline level set by the league. The ostensible purpose of this ""tax"" is to prevent teams in major markets with high incomes from signing almost all of the more talented players and hence destroying the competitive balance necessary for a sport to maintain fan interest. The money derived from the ""tax"" is either divided among the teams that play in the smaller markets, presumably"
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"of the total tax revenue can go exclusively to teams that did not go over the cap. Initial reports did not specify the use of the remaining 50% under the 2011 CBA, but it was later confirmed that this amount would be used to fund revenue sharing for the season during which tax was paid. For the 2013–14 season, the luxury tax threshold was set at $71.748 million. The Brooklyn Nets, whose payroll for that season was projected to be over $100 million, would face a luxury tax bill above $80 million, resulting in a total payroll cost of $186"
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"to devote toward the contracts of high-quality players, or in the case of Major League Baseball, used by the league for other pre-defined purposes. In North America, Major League Baseball has implemented the luxury tax system. The National Basketball Association also has a luxury tax provision; its utility is somewhat limited by the fact that the league also has a salary cap provision. The ""hard"" salary cap of the National Football League and the National Hockey League has prevented any need for a luxury tax arrangement. In the Big 4 North American sports leagues (Major League Baseball (MLB), National Basketball"
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"remained in effect through the 2012–13 season. Teams exceeding the tax level were punished by being forced to pay one dollar to the league for each dollar by which their payroll exceeded the tax level. Starting in 2013–14, the tax changed to an incremental system. Under the current system, tax is assessed at different levels based on the amount that a team is over the luxury tax threshold. The scheme is not cumulative—each level of tax applies only to amounts over that level's threshold. For example, a team that is $8 million over the tax threshold will pay $1.50 for"
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"($196.66 million), The Chicago Cubs ($183.9 million), Houston Astros ($182.4 million), Los Angeles Dodgers ($181.99 million) and New York Yankees ($178.8 million). The luxury tax is separate from revenue sharing, which is a system to balance out the income distribution between large and small market teams by dividing money from merchandise sales and media contracts. The money generated from the luxury tax is not distributed to the rest of the league, as is the case with the NBA, but rather is used for other purposes. The first $2,375,400 and 50% of the remaining total are used to fund player benefits,"
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"salary cap, and $62.3 million above the tax line, which Knicks owner James Dolan paid to the league. Tax revenues are normally redistributed evenly among non-tax-paying teams, so there is often a several-million-dollar incentive to owners not to pay the luxury tax. The luxury tax level for the 2008–09 season was $71.15 million. For the 2009–10 season, the luxury tax level was set at $69.92 million. The luxury tax level for the 2010–11 and 2012–13 NBA seasons was $70,307,000. The 2011 CBA instituted major changes to the luxury tax regime. The previous CBA had a dollar-for-dollar tax provision system, which"
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"Luxury tax (sports) A luxury tax in professional sports is a surcharge put on the aggregate payroll of a team to the extent to which it exceeds a predetermined guideline level set by the league. The ostensible purpose of this ""tax"" is to prevent teams in major markets with high incomes from signing almost all of the more talented players and hence destroying the competitive balance necessary for a sport to maintain fan interest. The money derived from the ""tax"" is either divided among the teams that play in the smaller markets, presumably to allow them to have more revenue"
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"originally a 10-year deal but allowed either side to opt out in 2017. The ""amnesty"" provision was eliminated in the 2017 CBA, which was agreed to by the owners and players shortly before the opt-out date. The salary floor, previously 75% of the cap, increased to 85% in 2011–12 and 2012–13, and 90% in future years. Instead of a salary cap, Major League Baseball implements a luxury tax (also called a competitive balance tax), an arrangement in which teams whose total payroll exceeds a certain figure (determined annually) are taxed on the excess amount in order to discourage large market"
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"a penalty which is known in advance. Typically these penalties are financial in nature; fines or a luxury tax are common penalties used by leagues. A salary floor is a minimum amount that must be spent on the team as a whole, and this is separate from the minimum player salary that is agreed to by the league. Some leagues, in particular the NFL, have a ""hard"" salary floor that requires teams to meet the salary floor every year, which helps prevent teams from using the salary cap to minimize costs. When the salary cap and floor are the same,"
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"sports. In 1970, players gained the right to have grievances heard by an impartial arbitrator. In 1973, they achieved a limited right to have salary demands subjected to arbitration. MLB is the only professional sport in the U.S. not to have a salary cap. (Although a competitive balance tax has been implemented since 2002, whereby any teams that exceed a mutually agreed upon amount in total salaries are assessed the tax which is paid to MLB and put in an industry growth fund to keep the sport competitive.) Former MLB Commissioner Fay Vincent said upon learning of Miller's death in"
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"set at $94.14 million, with the salary floor at 84.73 million and the luxury tax limit at $113.29 million. The current CBA took effect with the 2017–18 season. The NBA uses a ""soft"" cap, meaning that teams were allowed to exceed the cap in order to retain the rights to a player who was already on the team. This provision was known as the ""Larry Bird"" exception, named after the former Boston Celtics great who was retained by that team until his retirement under the provisions of this rule. The purpose of this rule was to address fan unease over"
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"the tax threshold won a playoff game. This contrasts strongly with dominance of the Atlanta Braves and New York Yankees dynasties in the 1990s. Despite the success in 2015, the efficacy could be an outlier. According to fivethirtyeight’s Noah Davis and Michael Lopez, despite the new system, cash buys more wins now than they did in the past. They also state that some teams win less when they spend more, proving there is no strong correlation between payroll and performance. In professional sports, there is a want for a competitive balance from the commissioner's office, as they do not want"
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"effectiveness of this tax is still uncertain among MLB owners, as they take different approaches to the situation. Because of increasing tax levels when the cap is exceeded in consecutive years, there is an incentive to re-set to the year one tax rate. That increasing incremental penalty can affect a team's decision regarding whether to retain a key player when they are already over the threshold, as they may be averse to paying a substantial fee. Some owners have stated that they will spend whatever they want as long as it is beneficial to the team, whereas others admit that"
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"Association (NBA), National Football League (NFL), and National Hockey League (NHL)), there are three different methods employed to limit individual teams payroll: hard salary cap, soft salary cap with luxury tax, and luxury tax. A hard salary cap is where the league sets a maximum amount of money allowed for player salaries, and no team can exceed that limit. A soft salary cap has a set limit to player salaries, but there are several major exceptions that allow teams to exceed the salary cap. For example, in the case of the NBA, teams can exceed the salary cap when keeping"
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"each of its first $5 million over the tax threshold, and $1.75 per dollar for the remaining $3 million. Starting in 2014–15, ""repeat offenders"", subject to additional penalties, are defined as teams that paid tax in previous seasons. In the first season, repeat offenders from in all previous three seasons will pay a stiffer tax rate; from 2015–16 thereafter, teams paying taxes in three out of four years will be subject to the higher repeater rate. As in the previous CBA, the tax revenue is divided among teams with lower payrolls. However, under the new scheme, no more than 50%"
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"pay the luxury tax by the third season, as the Houston Rockets did in order to sign Jeremy Lin and Ömer Aşık away from the New York Knicks and Chicago Bulls, respectively. This could discourage them from matching the offer sheet. The 2017 CBA changed the accounting rules for the player's original team in this scenario. If the original team matches, and has enough cap space to absorb the average annual salary of the offer, it can choose to take cap hits of either the actual contract payouts or the average of the contract in each season. Before the 2005"
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"of the 54 fines given to coaches. The two teams that have been fined the most are the New York Knicks and the Denver Nuggets; both teams were fined on 2 separate occasions for a total of $700,000. The Knicks and Nuggets both received fines for $500,000 for the fight they were in at Madison Square Garden in 2006. The Los Angeles Lakers are the team with the most total number of fines with 6 fines, totaling $725,000. The largest team fine in NBA history is from 2000, to the Minnesota Timberwolves for $3.5 million. They were caught trying to"
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"25% goes to the Industry Growth Fund, and the remaining 25% is used to defray teams' funding obligations from player benefits. The NBA utilizes a soft salary cap, meaning there is a salary cap but there are a variety of exceptions that allow teams to exceed that cap. For example, teams can re-sign players already on the team to an amount up to the maximum salary allowed by the league for up to five years regardless of where their payroll is relative to the cap. This provision is known as the ""Larry Bird"" exception, named after the former Boston Celtics"
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"a luxury tax amounting to 30% of the payroll that is over the cap paid to the special stabilization account, which helps KHL teams facing financial hardship. From the 2012-13 KHL season onward, the KHL uses a hard cap, set at 1.25 billion rubles ($US36.5 million). Several European association football leagues have considered introducing salary caps in the early 21st century. In 2002, the BBC reported that the G14 group of 18 leading European football teams would cap their payrolls at 70% of team's income, starting from the 2005/2006 season, however this did not occur. Serie A, the leading Italian"
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"the salary cap. The NBA and MLS version of the ""soft"" cap does, however, offer less leeway to teams than that of the MLB. MLB does allow teams to spend as much as they want on salary, but it penalizes them a percentage of the amount by which they exceed the soft cap. The percentage increases as the number of consecutive years a team exceeds the cap grows, resetting only when a team falls under the cap. While the soft cap allows teams to exceed the salary cap indefinitely by re-signing their own players using the ""Larry Bird"" family of"
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What is the name for electronic toll collection system implemented by the WADOT for the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, SR-167, and the 520 floating bridge?
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"on Interstate 405, the main bypass around Seattle. The first section of HOT lanes, between Bellevue and Lynnwood, opened on September 27, 2015, and included the construction of an auxiliary lane between Bothell and Bellevue. WSDOT proposes a system of HOT lanes on the entire length of I-405 and nearby SR 167, with the southern half from Bellevue to Renton scheduled to be completed in 2024. A direct flyover ramp in Renton between the HOT lanes on I-405 and SR 167 began construction in 2016. Good to Go (toll collection system) Good to Go, stylized as Good To Go!, is"
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"on the new Tacoma Narrows Bridge and is a part of the high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes on State Route 167, which opened in the spring of 2008. All-electronic tolling began on the SR 520 Bridge on December 29, 2011. The Good to Go system is similar to other electronic tolling technology already in place around the country such as FasTrak in California and E-ZPass in the eastern United States. The fares are a significant profit center for Good to Go's out of state owners. Drivers may set up a pre-paid Good to Go account, with a pre-paid balance of $30,"
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"Kapsch manages the toll collection system on the SR 520 Bridge. The toll collection system in place for the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, which carries State Route 16 between the Kitsap Peninsula and Tacoma, has standard toll booth collection lanes as well as three electronic toll lanes that allow for tolls to be deducted from a prepaid account at reduced cost. One of these lanes is for High Occupancy Vehicles only and vehicles in this lane must have a Good to Go account when crossing the toll plaza through the electronic toll lanes. Only the eastbound span, built in 2007, is"
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"interchanges in Seattle. WSDOT chose the project's preferred alternative, a replacement span with six lanes and a mixed-use trail, in 2011. The $4.51 billion megaproject, which encompasses the SR 520 corridor between I-5 and I-405, was funded using a state gas tax and electronic tolls on the floating bridge introduced on December 29, 2011, to repay construction bonds over a 40-year period. Construction of the SR 520 corridor project began in April 2011 on the Eastside, where WSDOT expanded the freeway to six lanes and added HOV lanes. The project, completed in 2014, also included the construction of new bus"
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"29, 2011, tolling started on the SR 520 floating bridge, which runs between Seattle and the Eastside suburbs. The revenue generated from the tolls are planned to help pay for the replacement bridge, which opened in 2016. All tolling is done automatically with no tollbooths. Tolling for people without Good to Go passes is done by license plate and will either be deducted from their Good to Go account along with a processing fee, or billed by mail at extra cost if they have not established an account. The Good to Go system allows users to purchase RFID ""passes"" for"
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"in four months. The bridge remained open to one lane of traffic throughout the construction. Effective January 1, 2011, through June 30, 2014, INDOT adopted an electronic toll collection system for the bridge, with users being required to obtain a transponder in order to legally use the bridge. The automated toll collection system, called ""Wabash Pass"", cost $900,000. Tolls were 50 cents for cars, 30 cents for motorcycles or bicycles, and $1.70 for six-axle trucks. The last toll increase was in 1984. Customers pre-paid their tolls on-line or over the telephone using an e-check, debit card or credit card. Each"
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"When using the Tacoma Narrows Bridge with Good to Go, the price for a passenger car $5.00; if paying with cash or a credit card, the toll for a passenger car is $6.00; If using Pay by Mail, the passenger car rate is $7.00. Tolls on SR 167 are variable and must be paid by using Good to Go. Tolls on the SR 520 bridge are variable depending on time of day. Electronic Transaction Consultants Corp. (ETCC) operates the Good to Go statewide customer service center. TransCore operates the toll booths and camera equipment on the Tacoma Narrows Bridge and"
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"span, at $5.00 for ""Good to Go"" account holders with in-vehicle transponders, $6.00 toll for cash/credit card customers, and $7 for those who choose Pay-By-Mail. The existing span had been free of tolls since 1965. The new bridge marks the first installation of the new Good To Go electronic toll collection system. Tacoma Narrows Bridge The Tacoma Narrows Bridge is a pair of twin suspension bridges that span the Tacoma Narrows strait of Puget Sound in Pierce County, Washington. The bridges connect the city of Tacoma with the Kitsap Peninsula and carry State Route 16 (known as Primary State Highway"
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"Guard officers are assigned to policing and counter-terrorism activities. MTA Bridges and Tunnels collects the vast majority of its tolls through E-ZPass, an electronic toll collection system. E-ZPass was introduced at MTA Bridges and Tunnels crossings between 1995 and 1997. In October 2016, Governor Andrew Cuomo announced that tollbooths would removed at all bridges to speed up traffic. Since September 30, 2017, all MTA Bridges & Tunnels facilities have collected tolls through open-road cashless tolling. Tollbooths previously in place have been dismantled, and drivers will no longer be able to pay cash at the crossings. Instead, cameras mounted onto new"
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"was re-aligned to avoid traffic signals in Gorst. WSDOT included the road in its annual AADT survey in 2012 and calculated that between 4,100 and 8,600 vehicles used the spur route. SR 16 AR is an unsigned alternate route serving traffic passing through the eastbound toll plaza (rather than using electronic toll collection) approaching the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in Pierce County. The route was added to the state highway system in 2007 after the completion of the eastbound Tacoma Narrows Bridge on July 15. WSDOT included the road in its annual AADT survey in 2012 and calculated that 9,100 vehicles"
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"were the last to be funded. The $4.5 billion in funding comes largely from the state gas tax earmarked for highways, tolling, and Federal highway funds. In 2014, the budget for the project was increased by $250 million to cover cost overruns. The first stage of the SR 520 floating bridge replacement project was the construction of 77 concrete pontoons in 2011 and 2012 by Kiewit-General-Manson at two purpose-built facilities in Aberdeen and Tacoma. The pontoons were floated to the bridge on Lake Washington via the Lake Washington Ship Canal. Pontoon assembly and fastening, to form the floating bridge's deck,"
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"the Travel Washington intercity Bus program in 2007. There are currently four lines: There are currently about 250 projects that WSDOT is currently planning or constructing. Some of the most notable projects that were recently finished include the Tacoma Narrows Bridge project, which built a second bridge adjacent to the original bridge, the SR 167 HOT lanes project, which added HOT lanes over SR 167's existing HOV lanes from the SR 18 area to 180th Street, and the I-5 HOV extensions project, which extended the HOV lanes in Everett from the I-5/SR 99/SR 526/SR 527 interchange to the I-5/US 2/SR"
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"morning of July 21, 2014, the bridge's tollbooths were closed and eventually removed for an all-electronic and cashless tolling system, and from that point on all toll charges are paid for via either E-ZPass at the current rate, or ""pay-by-mail"" where an invoice will be sent to motorist's home via license plate number recognition at the former cash toll rate. This inaugurated a 2½ year process by MassDOT which converted all of the toll roads and bridges throughout the Commonwealth to automatic open road tolling. In September 2017, the Massachusetts Department of Transportation announced a three-year $41.6 million project to"
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"Tacoma, before either exiting onto I-5 southbound towards Portland, Oregon, I-5 northbound towards Seattle and Vancouver, British Columbia, or onto SR 7. Every year the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) conducts a series of surveys on its highways in the state to measure traffic volume. This is expressed in terms of average annual daily traffic (AADT), which is a measure of traffic volume for any average day of the year. In 2011, WSDOT calculated that as few as 26,000 cars used the spur at the continuation point from SR 7, and as many as 72,000 cars between the onramp"
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"called Foss Waterway Bridge, although the Murray Morgan Bridge also crosses Foss Waterway. East 21st Street Bridge The East 21st Street Bridge is a or or long cable-stayed bridge in Tacoma, Washington completed in January, 1997. The bridge, whose most significant feature is two tall towers, carries four lanes State Route 509 (SR 509) across the Thea Foss Waterway from downtown Tacoma to the Port of Tacoma. SR 509 ends at a single point urban interchange with Interstate 705 west of the bridge, built as part of the same $165.3 million WSDOT project that also funded the bridge's construction. The"
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"May 2009, Gov. Christine Gregoire signed ESHB 2211, which authorized tolling on the SR 520 bridge beginning in 2010. Tolling actually began on December 29, 2011 and has assisted WSDOT in funding the project. The State Transportation Commission has proposed a toll of US$3.59 each way during peak periods. The proposed rates during other hours are to range from $0 to $2.87. All tolling is done automatically with no tollbooths. Tolling for people without ""Good to Go"" passes is done by license plates. Toll readers were located on gantries at the east highrise, but additional gantries on the east mainland"
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"East 21st Street Bridge The East 21st Street Bridge is a or or long cable-stayed bridge in Tacoma, Washington completed in January, 1997. The bridge, whose most significant feature is two tall towers, carries four lanes State Route 509 (SR 509) across the Thea Foss Waterway from downtown Tacoma to the Port of Tacoma. SR 509 ends at a single point urban interchange with Interstate 705 west of the bridge, built as part of the same $165.3 million WSDOT project that also funded the bridge's construction. The architect for the bridge was Jim Merritt, a Tacoma architect. It is sometimes"
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"529 Spur interchange. Some of the main projects in the future include the Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel, the replacement of the SR 520 Evergreen Point floating bridge, the ferry terminals, the I-5 Crash barrier project, SR 704, and more. Washington State Department of Transportation The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT or WashDOT) was established in 1905. The agency, led by a Secretary and overseen by the Governor, is a Washington governmental agency that constructs, maintains, and regulates the use of the state's transportation infrastructure. WSDOT is responsible for more than 20,000 lane-miles of roadway, nearly 3,000 vehicular bridges"
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"Avenue and towards the Tacoma Narrows on the twin-suspension Tacoma Narrows Bridges. The westbound span and the tolled eastbound span combine to carry six lanes of SR 16 onto the Kitsap Peninsula. The eastbound span is tolled via electronic toll collection through the ""Good to Go"" program on the Kitsap Peninsula side of the bridge. Tolls for two axle vehicles and motorcycles are set at $5 for Good to Go accounts, $6 collected at the toll plaza, and $7 for Pay by Mail, with prices increasing for each additional axle by $2.50 for Good to Go accounts, $3 for toll"
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"with speed limits and overhead instructions are citable offences. ATM systems were activated on of the I-5 northbound carriageway in August 2010. In November 2010, ATM was expanded to of the SR 520 in both directions. In March 2011, ATM completed testing and began operations on of the I-90 in both directions. The ATM schemes build upon WSDOT’s existing arsenal of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) which is supported by traffic sensor loops embedded in the pavement approximately every 800 m (2640 ft) apart. On motorway sections with ATM, gantries are also spaced roughly 800 m (2640 ft) apart. The primary"
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"overhead gantries collect the tolls. While some are located where toll booths were previously located, others are located at the opposite ends of the facilities. Drivers without E-ZPass will have a picture of their license plate taken, and the toll will be mailed to them. For E-ZPass users, sensors will detect their transponders wirelessly. MTA Bridges and Tunnels The Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA), doing business as MTA Bridges and Tunnels, is an affiliate agency of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority that operates seven toll bridges and two tunnels in New York City. In terms of traffic volume, it is"
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"Tobin Bridge, Callahan Tunnel, Sumner Tunnel, and Ted Williams Tunnel joined the system and were converted to charging a single toll in both directions, rather than a double toll in one direction. The Tobin Bridge was converted to all-electronic tolling for southbound only in July 2014. In addition to license plate information, the gantries also collect vehicle speed data, which a MassDOT spokesperson said ""will not be using the AET system to issue speeding violations"". Toll data is not a public record that must be disclosed by Freedom of Information Act requests, and MassDOT ""All data collected will remain secure"
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"in a state that is in the E-ZPass region. With Congress seeking a national electronic toll-collection system in place by mid-2016 for federal highways, E-ZPass officials are talking to other states that have electronic tolls ""to find a common way to do business"". None of the toll bridges or tunnels partially in or fully in Michigan (Ambassador Bridge, Detroit-Windsor Tunnel, Blue Water Bridge, Mackinac Bridge, or International Bridge) use E-ZPass even though Michigan is adjacent to two states (Indiana and Ohio) that use it for their toll roads. E-ZPass E‑ZPass is an electronic toll collection system used on most tolled"
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"Washington Toll Bridge Authority The Washington Toll Bridge Authority was created in 1937 by the Washington State Legislature, with a mandate to finance, construct and operate toll bridges. The first act of the Authority was to purchase the Manette Bridge, previously a privately owned toll bridge. The Authority next began construction of the Lake Washington Floating Bridge and the Tacoma Narrows Bridge. Bonds on the bridges were to be paid off solely by tolls and did not constitute indebtedness for the state of Washington. The Lake Washington Floating Bridge opened in July 1940 with a toll, which was lifted in"
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"tolls on the Wabash Memorial Bridge. Other than the Indiana Toll Road, it was the last state-owned toll bridge with tolls collected in Indiana (the one other toll bridge, the New Harmony Toll Bridge, was closed to automobile traffic on May 21, 2012). The Cannonball Bridge across the Wabash River at St. Francisville, Illinois, continues to collect tolls. The bridge has an average daily traffic of 4,000 vehicles. In a $1.67 million resurfacing of the bridge, the contractors used hydrojet demolition instead of jackhammering to remove a layer of the existing concrete surface. As a result, the project was completed"
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"Lake Washington Boulevard just south of the University of Washington campus and Husky Stadium. The freeway gains a set of HOV lanes and continues east on a pair of causeways through the marshlands of Union Bay and Foster Island, at the north end of the Washington Park Arboretum. From Seattle, SR 520 crosses Lake Washington on the six-lane Evergreen Point Floating Bridge; at , it is the longest floating bridge in the world. Tolls are collected electronically using the state's Good to Go pass or by mail, and vary based on time of day and the vehicle's number of axles."
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"year, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) conducts a series of surveys on its highways in the state to measure traffic volume. This is expressed in terms of average annual daily traffic (AADT), which is a measure of traffic volume for any average day of the year. In 2012, WSDOT calculated that the busiest section of SR 525 was its southern terminus at I-5 and I-405, serving 61,000 vehicles, while the least busiest section of the highway was at the Mukilteo ferry terminal, serving 5,700 vehicles. SR 525 is designated as part of the National Highway System from Lynnwood"
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"year, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) conducts a series of surveys on its highways in the state to measure traffic volume. This is expressed in terms of average annual daily traffic (AADT), which is a measure of traffic volume for any average day of the year. In 2011, WSDOT calculated that between 1,000 and 26,000 vehicles per day used the highway, mostly at the SR 16 interchange in Tacoma. The Point Defiance–Tahlequah ferry carried 650,000 passengers and 383,000 vehicles in 2012, according to WSF statistics. SR 163 was first designated during the 1964 highway renumbering as a road"
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"not been used in the Lower Mainland since the 1960s when they were removed from all bridges. This was also the first electronic toll bridge in Western Canada. Drivers had the option of opening a tolling account. This includes an electronic tolling device, or transponder, to be mounted on the vehicle's windshield. It detects usage of the bridge, allowing toll charges to be automatically billed to the driver's account, streamlining the tolling process. Vehicles without an electronic tolling device have their license plates identified through an automated video recognition system, and will be billed accordingly. Drivers of such vehicles also"
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"system on October 27, 2004, although Richmond Metropolitan Authority owned toll roads—Boulevard Bridge, the Downtown Expressway, and the Powhite Parkway (excluding the extension)—did not begin accepting E-ZPass until August 3, 2005; E-ZPass integration had been delayed due to damages from Tropical Storm Gaston. Smart Tag branded transponders operate throughout the E-ZPass network, and E-ZPass branded transponders operate at all E-ZPass Virginia (formerly Smart Tag) toll collection points. Roads and crossings that accept Smart Tag/E-ZPass Virginia/E-ZPass: Smart Tag Smart Tag is the former name of a transponder-based electronic toll collection system implemented by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT). It was"
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"WSDOT conducts a series of surveys on its highways in the state to measure traffic volume, expressed in terms of AADT. In 2012, WSDOT calculated that the Washington section of US 197 served between 3,700 and 6,100 vehicles, mostly on The Dalles Bridge. US 197 within Washington was added to the state highway system in 1907 as State Road 8, later designated as PSH 8 in 1937, traveling east along the Columbia River from Vancouver to Maryhill. US 197 within Oregon is designated as a segment of The Dalles-California Highway No. 4, created as part of the initial named state"
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"either by purchasing and activating a Good to Go Pass that affixes to their vehicle or by registering their license plate number on a website. Drivers may choose from among five types of Good to Go passes. Credit card account information is typically provided by the customer, so that when the available balance becomes insufficient, the account is automatically replenished by charging a predetermined amount to the credit card. Currently Good to Go is available for use on the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, the SR 167 High-occupancy toll lanes, the SR 520/Evergreen Point Floating Bridge and on the I-405 HOT lanes."
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"by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), which conducts an annual survey on the state's highways to measure traffic volume in terms of average annual daily traffic. The busiest section of the highway, near the Vancouver Mall and I-205, carried a daily average of 72,000 vehicles in 2016; the least busiest section of the highway, at its eastern terminus in Camas, carried only 2,700 vehicles. The freeway section of SR 500 in Vancouver and the street shared with SR 503 in Orchards are designated as part of the National Highway System, a network of roads identified as important to"
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The 16th Amendment to the US constitution, ratified in 1913, authorizes the US Congress to levy what?
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"Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Sixteenth Amendment (Amendment XVI) to the United States Constitution allows Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states on the basis of population. It was passed by Congress in 1909 in response to the 1895 Supreme Court case of ""Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co."" The Sixteenth Amendment was ratified by the requisite number of states on February 3, 1913, and effectively overruled the Supreme Court's ruling in ""Pollock"". Prior to the early 20th century, most federal revenue came from tariffs rather than taxes, although Congress had"
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"the Sixteenth Amendment, which was ratified in 1913, and which states: The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. The Supreme Court in ""Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad,"" , indicated that the Sixteenth Amendment did not expand the federal government's existing power to tax income (meaning profit or gain from any source) but rather removed the possibility of classifying an income tax as a direct tax on the basis of the source of the income. The Amendment removed"
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"time of ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment (below). In response, Congress proposed the Sixteenth Amendment (ratified by the requisite number of states in 1913), which states: The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. The Supreme Court in ""Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad,"" , indicated that the amendment did not expand the federal government's existing power to tax income (meaning profit or gain from any source) but rather removed the possibility of classifying an income tax as a"
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"shall be Laid unless in proportion to the Census ..."" The 16th Amendment provided that ""Congress shall have the power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration."" The 10th Amendment provided that ""powers not delegated to the United States by this Constitution, nor prohibited to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."" Congress has enacted numerous laws dealing with taxes since adoption of the Constitution. Those laws are now codified as Title 19, Customs Duties, Title 26,"
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"successor William Howard Taft, the United States saw a populist movement for tax reform. This movement culminated during then candidate Woodrow Wilson's election of 1912 and in February 1913, the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution: This granted Congress the specific power to impose an income tax without regard to apportionment among the states by population. By February 1913, 36 states had ratified the change to the Constitution. It was further ratified by six more states by March. Of the 48 states at the time, 42 ratified it. Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Utah rejected the amendment;"
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"""Flint v. Stone Tracy Company"", in which the court ruled that the tax was an excise upon the privilege of doing business in corporate form. 2. Sixteenth Amendment. More importantly, in 1909 Congress proposed the Sixteenth Amendment. This amendment reads as follows: The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. By February 1913, the required three-fourths of the states ratified the Sixteenth Amendment, thus adding the amendment to the constitution. Later that year, Congress enacted the Revenue Act"
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"the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States … 1913: Constitutional Amendment XVI The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes … without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. Baker, Benjamin; Faulcon, Nicholas, Jr.; Nicholas, Robert Carter; Banister, John; Henry, Patrick; Randolph, Peyton; Blair, John, Jr.; Jefferson, Thomas; Randolph, Thomas Mann; Bland, Richard; Lee, Francis Lightfoot; Walker, John; Booker, Edward, Jr.; Lee, Richard Henry; Washington, George; Braxton, Carter; Mason,"
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"of 1913. The tax ranged from 1% on income exceeding $3,000 to 7% on incomes exceeding $500,000. Subsequently, the U.S. Supreme Court in 1916 upheld the constitutionality of the Revenue Act of 1913 in the case of Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Company, . The Court held that the Act was constitutional based on the following: 1) there was power by virtue of the Sixteenth Amendment to levy the tax without apportionment; 2) the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment is not a limitation upon Congress's taxing power; and 3) the statute did not violate the uniformity clause of"
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"taxes on incomes derived from property was later eliminated by the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment in 1913. The text of the amendment was clear in its aim: Shortly after, in 1916, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in ""Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad"" that under the Sixteenth Amendment income taxes were constitutional even though unapportioned, just as the amendment had provided. In subsequent cases, the courts have interpreted the Sixteenth Amendment and the ""Brushaber"" decision as standing for the rule that the amendment allows income taxes on ""wages, salaries, commissions, etc. without apportionment."" Article I, Section 9, Clause 5 provides"
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"Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co. Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co., 240 U.S. 1 (1916), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld the validity of a tax statute called the Revenue Act of 1913, also known as the Tariff Act, Ch. 16, 38 Stat. 166 (October 3, 1913), enacted pursuant to Article I, section 8, clause 1 of, and the Sixteenth Amendment to, the United States Constitution, allowing a federal income tax. The Sixteenth Amendment had been ratified earlier in 1913. The Revenue Act of 1913 imposed income taxes that were not apportioned"
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"tax an American product; this led to the Whiskey Rebellion. The history of income taxation in the United States began in the 19th century with the imposition of income taxes to fund war efforts. However, the constitutionality of income taxation was widely held in doubt [Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Company, 157 U.S. 429 (1895)] "" until 1913 with the ratification of the 16th Amendment. Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 of the United States Constitution assigns Congress the power to impose ""Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises,"" but Article I, Section 8 requires that, ""Duties, Imposts and Excises shall"
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"that same section, which reiterates the Constitutional rule that direct taxes must be apportioned according to state populations. These clauses were explicitly shielded from Constitutional amendment prior to 1808. On January 1, 1808, the first day it was permitted to do so, Congress approved legislation prohibiting the importation of slaves into the country. On February 3, 1913, with ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment, Congress gained the authority to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the United States Census. The third textually entrenched provision is Article One, Section 3, Clauses 1, which provides"
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"Revenue Act of 1913 The Revenue Act of 1913, also known as the Tariff Act, the Underwood Tariff, the Underwood Act, the Underwood Tariff Act, or the Underwood-Simmons Act (ch. 16, , October 3, 1913), re-imposed the federal income tax after the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment and lowered basic tariff rates from 40% to 25%, well below the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act of 1909. It was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson on October 3, 1913 and was sponsored by Alabama Representative Oscar Underwood. Wilson summoned a special session of the Congress in April 1913. His immediate objective was"
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"than 10% of households would pay any. The purpose of the income tax was to make up for revenue that would be lost by tariff reductions. The US Supreme Court ruled the income tax unconstitutional, the 10th amendment forbidding any powers not expressed in the US Constitution, and there being no power to impose any other than a direct tax by apportionment. In 1913, the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution made the income tax a permanent fixture in the U.S. tax system. In fiscal year 1918, annual internal revenue collections for the first time passed the billion-dollar mark,"
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"Congress additional powers. Congress also has implied powers derived from the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution. Congress has authority over financial and budgetary matters, through the enumerated power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States. The Sixteenth Amendment, ratified in 1913, extended power of taxation to include income taxes. The Constitution also grants Congress exclusively the power to appropriate funds. This power of the purse is one of Congress' primary checks on the executive branch. Other powers granted to"
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"Tax protester Sixteenth Amendment arguments Tax protester Sixteenth Amendment arguments are assertions that the imposition of the U.S. federal income tax is illegal because the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which reads ""The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration"", was never properly ratified, or that the amendment provides no power to tax income. Proper ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment is disputed by tax protesters who argue that the quoted text of the Amendment differed from"
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"Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Eighteenth Amendment (Amendment XVIII) of the United States Constitution established the prohibition of ""intoxicating liquors"" in the United States. The amendment was proposed by Congress on December 18, 1917, and was ratified by the requisite number of states on January 16, 1919. The Eighteenth Amendment was repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment on December 5, 1933. The Eighteenth Amendment was the product of decades of efforts by the temperance movement, which held that a ban on the sale of alcohol would ameliorate poverty and other societal issues. The Eighteenth Amendment declared the production,"
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"of money to be raised and apportioned it between the States according to their respective shares of the national population. To permit the levying of such an income tax, Congress proposed and the states ratified the Sixteenth Amendment, which removed the restriction by specifically providing that Congress could levy a tax on income ""from whatever source derived"" without it being apportioned among the States or otherwise based on a State's share of the national population. Section two, Clause four, provides that when vacancies occur in the House of Representatives, it is not the job of the House of Representatives to"
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"income, and dividend income (however excepting income taxes on income from ""occupations and labor"" if only for the reason of not having been challenged in the case, ""We have considered the act only in respect of the tax on income derived from real estate, and from invested personal property"") were to be treated as direct taxes. Because the statute in question had not apportioned income taxes on income from property by population, the statute was ruled unconstitutional. Finally, ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913 made possible modern income taxes, by limiting the Sixteenth Amendment"
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"Enforcement, and Contemporary Implications Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865. The amendment was ratified by the required number of states on December 6, 1865. On December 18, 1865, Secretary of State William H. Seward proclaimed its adoption. It was the first of the three Reconstruction Amendments adopted following the American Civil War. Since the American Revolution, states had"
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"Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865. The amendment was ratified by the required number of states on December 6, 1865. On December 18, 1865, Secretary of State William H. Seward proclaimed its adoption. It was the first of the three Reconstruction Amendments adopted following the American Civil War. Since the American Revolution, states had divided into states that"
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"including Congress' override of President William Howard Taft's Webb-Kenyon Act veto. The Webb-Kenyon Act outlawed the transport of alcoholic beverages into states with prohibition laws, even small amounts for individual consumption. Taft argued that it was a states' rights issue that did not require federal legislation. Congress disagreed, and the override votes in the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives were completely unexpected, giving tangible proof of how powerful the ASL and other prohibitionists had become. The override was followed by enactment of a national income tax authorized by the recently ratified 16th Amendment. Until 1913, the"
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"1, Section 9, Clause 4 have been removed by this amendment, which also overturned an 1895 Supreme Court decision, in ""Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co."", that declared an unapportioned federal income tax on rents, dividends, and interest unconstitutional. This amendment has become the basis for all subsequent federal income tax legislation and has greatly expanded the scope of federal taxing and spending in the years since. The Eighteenth Amendment (1919) prohibited the making, transporting, and selling of alcoholic beverages nationwide. It also authorized Congress to enact legislation enforcing this prohibition. Adopted at the urging of a national temperance"
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"for each amendment, whether the ratification must be by each state's legislature or by a constitutional convention in each state; for the Sixteenth Amendment, Congress specified ratification by the legislatures. There were 48 states in the Union in 1913 — the year when the Sixteenth Amendment was finally ratified — which meant that the Amendment required ratification by the legislatures of 36 states to become effective. In February 1913, Secretary of State Philander C. Knox issued a proclamation that 38 states had ratified the amendment. (According to Congressional analysis, a total of 42 states had ratified the amendment as of"
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"sometimes referred to as the ""modern"" tax statutes. Hundreds of Congressional acts have been passed since 1913, as well as several codifications (i.e., topical reorganizations) of the statutes (see Codification). The modern interpretation of the Sixteenth Amendment taxation power can be found in ""Commissioner v. Glenshaw Glass Co."" . In that case, a taxpayer had received an award of punitive damages from a competitor, and sought to avoid paying taxes on that award. The U.S. Supreme Court observed that Congress, in imposing the income tax, had defined income to include: gains, profits, and income derived from salaries, wages, or compensation"
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"the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified. This Amendment gave the United States Congress the legal authority to tax all incomes without regard to the apportionment requirement. The filing deadline for individuals was March 1 in 1913 (the first year of a federal income tax), and was changed to March 15 in 1918 and again to April 15 in 1955. Today, the filing deadline for U.S. federal income tax returns for individuals remains April 15 or, in the event that the 15th falls on a Saturday, Sunday or holiday, the first succeeding day that is not a"
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"it. By 1913 nine states had statewide prohibition and 31 others had local option laws, placing more than 50 percent of the United States population under some form of alcohol prohibition. Following two unsuccessful attempts at national prohibition legislation (one in 1913 and the other in 1915), Congress approved a resolution on December 19, 1917, to prohibit the manufacture, sale, transportation, and importation of alcoholic beverages in the United States. The resolution was sent to the states for ratification and became the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. On January 8, 1918, Mississippi became the first state to ratify the"
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"1933. Bootlegging was also found to be a gateway crime for many gangs, who would then expand operations into crimes such as prostitution, gambling rackets, narcotics, loan-sharking, extortion and labor rackets, thus causing problems to persist long after the amendment was repealed. Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Eighteenth Amendment (Amendment XVIII) of the United States Constitution established the prohibition of ""intoxicating liquors"" in the United States. The amendment was proposed by Congress on December 18, 1917, and was ratified by the requisite number of states on January 16, 1919. The Eighteenth Amendment was repealed by the Twenty-first"
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"Dividend tax A dividend tax is the tax imposed by a tax authority on dividends received by shareholders (stockholders) of a company. The background of dividend tax starts from the 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution(02.03.1913). It states that“The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.”Obscurity of this statement made Congress impose tax anything that can be considered income, including dividends company pays for its shareholders. At the beginning of the Amendment(1913-1953), dividends were exempt, except for"
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"Current Tax Payment Act of 1943 The Current Tax Payment Act of 1943, Pub. L. 68, Ch. 120, 57 Stat. 126 (June 9, 1943), re-introduced the requirement to withhold income tax in the United States. Tax withholding had been introduced in the Tariff Act of 1913 but repealed by the Income Tax Act of 1916. The Current Tax Payment Act compelled employers to withhold federal income taxes from workers' paychecks and pay them directly to the government on the workers' behalf. At the time of the act, Social Security payments and a World War II Victory Tax were already being"
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"the viability of a federal income tax. On February 3, 1913, Wyoming became the 36th state to approve the amendment, and later that month Secretary of State Knox declared that the United States had ratified the Sixteenth Amendment. Taft continued and expanded Roosevelt's efforts to break up business combinations through lawsuits brought under the Sherman Antitrust Act, bringing 70 cases in four years (Roosevelt had brought 40 in seven years). Suits brought against the Standard Oil Company and the American Tobacco Company, initiated under Roosevelt, were decided in favor of the government by the Supreme Court in 1911. In June"
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"withheld. The act was signed into law by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Current Tax Payment Act of 1943 The Current Tax Payment Act of 1943, Pub. L. 68, Ch. 120, 57 Stat. 126 (June 9, 1943), re-introduced the requirement to withhold income tax in the United States. Tax withholding had been introduced in the Tariff Act of 1913 but repealed by the Income Tax Act of 1916. The Current Tax Payment Act compelled employers to withhold federal income taxes from workers' paychecks and pay them directly to the government on the workers' behalf. At the time of the act, Social"
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"of the Sixteenth Amendment, Democratic leaders agreed to attach an income tax provision to their tariff reduction bill, partly to make up for lost revenue, and partly to shift the burden of funding the government towards the high earners that would be subject to the income tax. By late May 1913, House Majority Leader Oscar Underwood had passed a bill in the House that cut the average tariff rate by 10 percent. Underwood's bill, which represented the largest downward revision of the tariff since the Civil War, aggressively cut rates for raw materials, goods deemed to be ""necessities,"" and products"
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The countries of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Sweden all share a border with what large body of water?
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"Convention is the Helsinki Commission, also known as HELCOM, or Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission. The present contracting parties are Denmark, Estonia, the European Community, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia and Sweden. The ratification instruments were deposited by the European Community, Germany, Latvia and Sweden in 1994, by Estonia and Finland in 1995, by Denmark in 1996, by Lithuania in 1997 and by Poland and Russia in November 1999. Notes Bibliography Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, enclosed by Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, northwest Russia, Poland, Germany and the North"
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"Denmark bordering to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria to the southeast, Switzerland to the south-southwest, France, Luxembourg and Belgium lie to the west, and the Netherlands to the northwest. It lies mostly between latitudes 47° and 55° N and longitudes 5° and 16° E. Germany is also bordered by the North Sea and, at the north-northeast, by the Baltic Sea. With Switzerland and Austria, Germany also shares a border on the fresh-water Lake Constance, the third largest lake in Central Europe. German territory covers , consisting of of land and of water. It is"
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"Russia, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, and it is also linked to Denmark (south-west) by the Öresund Bridge. Its border with Norway (1,619 km long) is the longest uninterrupted border within Europe. Sweden lies between latitudes 55° and 70° N, and mostly between longitudes 11° and 25° E (part of Stora Drammen island is just west of 11°). At , Sweden is the 55th-largest country in the world, the 4th-largest country entirely in Europe, and the largest in Northern Europe. The lowest elevation in Sweden is in the bay of Lake Hammarsjön, near Kristianstad, at below sea level. The highest point"
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", the Russian border is the world's longest. Along the 20,139-kilometer land frontier, Russia has boundaries with 14 countries: Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland (via the Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, the People's Republic of China and North Korea. Approximately two-thirds of the frontier is bounded by seawater. Virtually all of the lengthy northern coast is well above the Arctic Circle; except for the port of Murmansk—which receives currents that are somewhat warmer than would be expected at that latitude, due to the effects of the Gulf Stream—that coast is locked in ice much of the"
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"Øresund Øresund or Öresund (, ; , ), commonly known in English as the Sound, is a strait which forms the Danish–Swedish border, separating Zealand (Denmark) from Scania (Sweden). The strait has a length of and the width varies from to . It is wide at its narrowest point between Helsingør in Denmark and Helsingborg in Sweden. Øresund is along with the Great Belt, Little Belt and Kiel Canal one of four waterways that connects the Baltic Sea to the Atlantic Ocean via Kattegat, Skagerrak, and the North Sea, and is one of the busiest waterways in the world. The"
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"Estonia Estonia ( ), officially the Republic of Estonia (), is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland with Finland on the other side, to the west by the Baltic Sea with Sweden to the west (Scandinavia to the far west and north), to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia (338.6 km). The territory of Estonia consists of a mainland and 2,222 islands in the Baltic Sea, covering a total area of , water , land area , and is influenced by"
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"Russia to the east. To the north, west and south, Norway is bordered by the Barents Sea, the Norwegian Sea, the North Sea, and Skagerrak. The Scandinavian Mountains form much of the border with Sweden. At (including Svalbard and Jan Mayen) (and without), much of the country is dominated by mountainous or high terrain, with a great variety of natural features caused by prehistoric glaciers and varied topography. The most noticeable of these are the fjords: deep grooves cut into the land flooded by the sea following the end of the Ice Age. Sognefjorden is the world's second deepest fjord,"
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"much that the Baltic Sea, the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland disappeared, and the countries now surrounding them, including Germany, Poland, the other Baltic countries and Scandinavia, were directly joined by land. The largest peninsula in Europe, the Scandinavian Peninsula is approximately long with a width varying approximately from 370 to 805 kilometres (230 to 500 miles). The Scandinavian mountain range generally defines the border between Norway and Sweden. The peninsula is bordered by several bodies of water including: Its highest elevation was Glittertinden in Norway at 2,470 metres (8,104 feet) above sea level, but since the"
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"Estonia–Russia border The Estonia–Russia border is the international border between Republic of Estonia (EU member) and the Russian Federation (CIS member).The border is long. In its present form, it has not changed since 1945, when Estonia became part of the Soviet Union. A small change was to take place in 2014, but this has yet to take effect. Much of the border with Estonia is water, passing through the channel of the Narva River and Lake Peipsi, but in the south there is a land border, parts of which were disputed when Estonia joined the European Union and NATO. The"
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"limestone, chalk, stone, gravel and sand. Irrigated land: 4,354 km² (2007) Total renewable water resources: 6 km (2011) Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): <br>""total:"" 0.66 km/yr (58%/5%/36%) <br> ""per capita:"" 118.4 m/yr (2009) Geography of Denmark Denmark is a Nordic country located in Northern Europe. It consists of the Jutland peninsula and several islands in the Baltic sea, referred to as the Danish Archipelago. Denmark is located southwest of Sweden and due south of Norway and is bordered by the German state (and former possession) Schleswig-Holstein to the south, on Denmark's only land border, 68 kilometres (42 miles) long. Denmark borders both"
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"forested uplands of central Germany and the low-lying lands of northern Germany (lowest point: Neuendorf-Sachsenbande at below sea level), traversed by some of Europe's major rivers such as the Rhine, Danube and Elbe. Germany shares borders with nine European countries, second only to Russia: Denmark in the north, Poland and the Czech Republic in the east, Switzerland (its only non-EU neighbor) and Austria in the south, France in the southwest and Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands in the west. Germany is in Western and Central Europe, bordering Denmark in the north, Poland and the Czech Republic in the east, Austria"
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"2016, Sweden has required carriers to perform identity checks on the Danish side of the Denmark–Sweden border, while still keeping the border controls on the Swedish side. As a reaction to the Swedish control, Denmark also strengthened its border controls at the German border. The Denmark–Germany border extends for 68 km between Schleswig-Holstein and South Jutland County. The territorial waters (12 nautical miles) of Denmark form a border with Sweden along the Øresund, extending to 115 km. The border between the Danish and Norwegian EEZ runs along the Skagerrak, between Faroer and Norway in the North Sea and between Greenland"
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"Lake Peipus Lake Peipus (; ; ) is the largest transboundary lake in Europe, lies on the border between Estonia and Russia. The lake is the fifth-largest in Europe after Lake Ladoga and Lake Onega (in Russia north of St. Petersburg), Lake Vänern (in Sweden), and Lake Saimaa (in Finland). Lake Peipus represents a remnant of a body of water which existed in this area during an Ice Age. It covers , and has an average depth of , the deepest point being . The lake has several islands and consists of 3 parts: The lake is used for fishing"
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"Gulf of Riga, and the Bay of Gdańsk. The Baltic Proper is bordered on its northern edge, at the latitude 60°N, by the Åland islands and the Gulf of Bothnia, on its northeastern edge by the Gulf of Finland, on its eastern edge by the Gulf of Riga, and in the west by the Swedish part of the southern Scandinavian Peninsula. The Baltic Sea is connected by artificial waterways to the White Sea via the White Sea Canal and to the German Bight of the North Sea via the Kiel Canal. Administration The Helsinki Convention on the Protection of the"
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"of Denmark, Norway, Russia, and the United States met in Ilulissat, Greenland on 28 May 2008 at the Arctic Ocean Conference and announced the Ilulissat Declaration, blocking any ""new comprehensive international legal regime to govern the Arctic Ocean,"" and pledging ""the orderly settlement of any possible overlapping claims."" As of 2012, the Kingdom of Denmark is claiming the continental shelf based on the Lomonosov Ridge between Greenland and over the North Pole to the northern limit of the Russian EEZ. The Russian Federation is also claiming a large swath of seabed along the Lomonosov Ridge but, unlike Denmark, confined its"
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"zones. To the east the region borders Russia, and on the west the Canadian coastline can be seen from Greenland on a clear day. Even excluding Greenland and the Norwegian islands of Svalbard and Jan Mayen, the remaining part of the Nordic countries covers around 1.3 million square kilometres. This is about the same area as France, Germany and Italy together. To the south, the countries neighbor the Baltic states, Poland, Germany and the United Kingdom, while to the north there is the Arctic Ocean. Notable natural features of the Nordic countries include the Norwegian fjords, the Archipelago Sea between"
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"Borders of Finland The borders of Finland are the dividing lines between it and the neighbouring countries of Norway, Russia and Sweden. The border between Norway and Finland is 736 kilometers (457 mi) long. It is a land and river border between two tripoints. The western tripoint is marked by Treriksröset, a stone cairn where both countries border Sweden. The eastern tripoint is marked by Treriksrøysa, a stone cairn where both countries border Russia. The border was defined in a 1751 treaty, which also defined the Swedish–Norwegian border. In the period 1738–1751 field investigations and negotiations took place on the"
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"the town. Near Kallaste, there is one of the largest surfacings of Devonian sandstone with a length of and a maximum height of , as well as several caves and one of the largest colonies of swallows in Estonia. Lake Peipus Lake Peipus (; ; ) is the largest transboundary lake in Europe, lies on the border between Estonia and Russia. The lake is the fifth-largest in Europe after Lake Ladoga and Lake Onega (in Russia north of St. Petersburg), Lake Vänern (in Sweden), and Lake Saimaa (in Finland). Lake Peipus represents a remnant of a body of water which"
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"Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling, Air Pollution–Persistent Organic Pollutants (signed 2001, ratified 2002), Climate Change–Kyoto Protocol (signed May 1998, ratified together with 14 other EU countries May 31, 2002). Geography of Finland The geography of Finland is characterized by its northern position, its ubiquitous landscapes of intermingled boreal forests and lakes and its low population density. Finland can be divided into three areas: archipelagoes and coastal lowlands, a slightly higher central lake plateau and uplands to north and northeast. Bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, as well as Sweden, Norway, and Russia, Finland"
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"Finland–Sweden border The Finnish-Swedish border is the border between the countries of Finland and Sweden. Almost the entire border runs through water: along the Tornio River and its tributaries, and in the Gulf of Bothnia. Only a few kilometres of the border are on dry land. Because of the Schengen treaty and the Nordic Passport Union, the border can be crossed mostly freely. In the north, the Finnish–Swedish border begins from the Treriksröset tripoint at the border of Norway, located in the Koltajärvi lake near Kilpisjärvi, which is also the northernmost point of Sweden. The first 230 metres of the"
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"Finland. There are several connections from the Stockholm area across the Sea of Åland to Mariehamn in the Åland Islands as well as Turku and Helsinki on the Finnish mainland and beyond to Estonia and St Petersburg in Russia. Ferry routes from the Stockholm area also connect with Ventspils and Riga in Latvia as well as Gdańsk in Poland across the Baltic Sea. The ferry ports of Karlskrona and Karlshamn in southeastern Sweden serve Gdynia, Poland, and Klaipeda, Lithuania. Ystad and Trelleborg near the southern tip of Sweden have ferry links with the Danish island of Bornholm and the German"
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"and Norwegian Svalbard in the Arctic. The border between Danish and Icelandic EEZ runs along the Denmark Strait between Iceland and Greenland, and between Iceland and Faroer. Hans Island, an island in Nares Strait, is the subject of a territorial dispute between Denmark and Canada. Borders of Denmark Denmark has existed with its current borders since 1921. The only land border of Denmark is that with Germany, with a length of 68 km. The border along the territorial waters (12 nautical miles zone) with Sweden runs along the Øresund for a length of about 115 km. The exclusive economic zone"
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"in the bay are Lübeck, Rostock and Wismar. Bay of Mecklenburg The Bay of Mecklenburg ( or ""Mecklenburgische Bucht""; ), also known as the Mecklenburg Bay or Mecklenburg Bight, is a long narrow basin making up the southwestern finger-like arm of the Baltic Sea, between the shores of Germany to the south and the Danish islands of Lolland, Falster, and Møn to the north, the shores of Jutland to the west, and joining the largest part of the Baltic to the east. The Bay of Mecklenburg, which includes the Bay of Wismar and the Bay of Lübeck, connects to the"
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"lake inlets. Except a few rivers along the coasts most rivers in Finland drain at some stage into one or more lakes. The drainage basins drain into various directions. Much of Finland drain into the Gulf of Bothnia including the country's largest and longest rivers, Kokemäenjoki and Kemijoki respectively. Finland's largest lake drain by Vuoksi River into Lake Ladoga in Russia. Upland Finland in the east drain east across Russian Republic of Karelia into the White Sea. In the northeast Lake Inari discharges by Paatsjoki into Barents Sea in the Arctic. The ice sheet that covered Finland intermittently during the"
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"each other. In the Bothnian Bay and the Bothnian Sea, the Finnish and Swedish territorial waters are separated by international waters. The territorial waters meet again in the Sea of Åland, where the countries have a maritime border of 15 kilometres. The border crosses the island of Märket, which has a 470-metre long, complexly shaped border marked with border signs. The international waters between the countries are divided into economic zones. The border between the economic zones mainly runs in straight lines through defined coordinate points. There have been agreements about the borders in 1972 and in 1994. The zone"
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"and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval"
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"the great outdoors one can discover countless lakes in Finland, fjords in Norway, and immense forests of Sweden. The northern route returns to the heart of Europe through the Baltic countries. One can find cosmopolis full of history, architecture, culture and nightlife. This route crosses 13 countries. This route crosses the countries where historical events are still deeply rooted in people's minds. One can re-discover these countries with their natural and cultural heritages: from the Carpathians Mountains, the Great Plain in Hungary to Danube River which flows into Black Sea, the landscapes change so fast. The route lets visitors discover"
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"Greater Finland Greater Finland (; ; ) is an irredentist and nationalist idea that emphasized territorial expansion of Finland. The most common conception of Greater Finland was defined by natural borders encompassing the territories inhabited by Finns and Karelians, ranging from the White Sea to Lake Onega and along the Svir River and Neva River—or, more modestly, the Sestra River—to the Gulf of Finland. Some proponents also included the Kola Peninsula (as part of a natural border), Finnmark (in Norway), Torne Valley (in Sweden), Ingria (around present-day Saint Petersburg), and Estonia. The idea of Greater Finland gained popularity and influence"
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"Denmark–Sweden border The current national border between Denmark and Sweden dates to 1658. It is entirely a maritime border, along Kattegat and Øresund, and in the Baltic Sea between Bornholm and Scania. The territorial waters (12 mile zone) of the two countries meet exclusively along the Øresund, extending to about , approximately between Höganäs and Falsterbo. There is one road connection, the long Øresund fixed link, opened in 2000, besides a number of ferry links. Sweden and Denmark–Norway became separate countries with the breakup of the Kalmar Union in 1523. Until 1658, the historic provinces of Scania, Blekinge and Bohuslän"
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"the North Sea, Baltic Sea and Black Sea. The Czech Republic also possesses Moldauhafen, a enclave in the middle of Hamburg docks, which was awarded to Czechoslovakia by Article 363 of the Treaty of Versailles to allow the landlocked country a place where goods transported downriver could be transferred to seagoing ships; this territory reverts to Germany in 2028. Location: Central Europe, southeast of Germany Geographic coordinates: Map references: Europe Area: Area - comparative: slightly smaller than South Carolina, USA; slightly larger than Scotland Land boundaries: Panhandles: Aš Hook, Šluknov Hook, Frýdlant Hook, Broumov Hook, Javorník Hook, Osoblaha Hook, Břeclav"
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"Geography of Denmark Denmark is a Nordic country located in Northern Europe. It consists of the Jutland peninsula and several islands in the Baltic sea, referred to as the Danish Archipelago. Denmark is located southwest of Sweden and due south of Norway and is bordered by the German state (and former possession) Schleswig-Holstein to the south, on Denmark's only land border, 68 kilometres (42 miles) long. Denmark borders both the Baltic and North Seas along its tidal shoreline. Denmark's general coastline is much shorter, at , as it would not include most of the 1,419 offshore islands (each defined as"
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"bridges between Narva and Ivangorod. Besides the dam of the Narva Reservoir, these are, in downstream order: Narva River The Narva (; ) or Narova is a river flowing into the Baltic Sea, the largest river in Estonia by discharge. Draining Lake Peipsi, the river forms the border of Estonia and Russia and flows through the towns of Narva/Ivangorod and Narva-Jõesuu into Narva Bay. Though the river is only long, in terms of volume discharged it is the second largest river flowing into the Gulf of Finland. The river gives its name to the Narva culture and the city of"
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"Kattegat The Kattegat (; , ) is a sea area bounded by the Jutlandic peninsula in the west, the Danish straits islands of Denmark to the south and the provinces of Västergötland, Scania, Halland and Bohuslän in Sweden in the east. The Baltic Sea drains into the Kattegat through the Danish Straits. The sea area is a continuation of the Skagerrak and may be seen as a bay of the Baltic Sea or the North Sea or, as in traditional Scandinavian usage, neither of these. The Kattegat is a rather shallow sea and can be very difficult and dangerous to"
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On December 10, 1906, which totally badassed US president won the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating an end to the Russo-Japanese War, the first American ever to win a Nobel Prize?
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"award ceremony and banquet, which begins with the laureates arriving in Stockholm and normally ends with the Nobel banquet), but this is not mandatory. The laureate is only obliged to give the lecture within six months of receiving the prize. Some have happened even later. For example, US President Theodore Roosevelt received the Peace Prize in 1906 but gave his lecture in 1910, after his term in office. The lectures are organized by the same association which selected the laureates. It was announced on 30 May 2012 that the Nobel Foundation had awarded the contract for the production of the"
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"and this frustration caused the Hibiya riots, and the collapse of Katsura Tarō's cabinet on January 7, 1906. Because of the role played by President Theodore Roosevelt, the United States became a significant force in world diplomacy. Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for his back channel efforts before and during the peace negotiations, even though he never actually went to Portsmouth. In 1994, the Portsmouth Peace Treaty Forum was created by the Japan-America Society of New Hampshire to commemorate the Portsmouth Peace Treaty with the first formal meeting between Japanese and Russian scholars and diplomats in"
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"Treaty of Portsmouth The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904–05 Russo-Japanese War. It was signed on September 5, 1905 after negotiations lasting from August 6 to August 30, at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine, United States. U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt was instrumental in the negotiations and won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts. The war of 1904–05 was fought between the Empire of Russia, an international power with one of the largest armies in the world, and the Empire of Japan, a nation which had only recently industrialized after two-and-a-half centuries of isolation. A series of"
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"he received the Medal of Honor and was the commander of the legendary Rough Riders. He negotiated an end to the Russo-Japanese War which later won him the Nobel Peace Prize. Roosevelt was the first American to win the Nobel Peace Prize. William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) was the 27th President of the United States and later the 10th Chief Justice of the United States. Taft is the only person to have served in both offices. Born in 1857 in Cincinnati, Ohio, into the powerful Taft family, Taft graduated from Yale College Phi Beta Kappa"
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"Commander Cameron Winslow in command, she immediately sailed for Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York, to prepare for the peace conference which ended the Russo-Japanese War. President Theodore Roosevelt introduced the Russian and Japanese delegations on board ""Mayflower"" on 5 August. The ship continued to play a prominent role in support of the negotiations which won President Roosevelt the Nobel Peace Prize. After duty as a dispatch boat protecting American interests in Santo Domingo in 1906, ""Mayflower"" served as presidential yacht until 1929. She was the scene of many diplomatic and social events during these years. Many members of the"
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"war. For his efforts, Roosevelt was awarded the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize. The Treaty of Portsmouth gave Japan control of Korea and the southern half of Sakhalin Island, while Russia removed its soldiers from Manchuria. Roosevelt saw Japan as the rising power in Asia, in terms of military strength and economic modernization. He viewed Korea as a backward nation and did not object to Japan's attempt to gain control over Korea. With the withdrawal of the American legation from Seoul and the refusal of the Secretary of State to receive a Korean protest mission, the Americans signaled they would not"
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"to act as a mediator in the conflict. He hoped to uphold the Open Door policy in China and prevent either country from emerging as the dominant power in East Asia. Throughout 1904, both Japan and Russia expected to win the war, but the Japanese gained a decisive advantage after capturing the Russian naval base at Port Arthur in January 1905. In mid-1905, Roosevelt persuaded the parties to meet in a peace conference in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, starting on August 5. His persistent and effective mediation led to the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth on September 5, ending the"
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"also dropped its demand for an indemnity. Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for his successful efforts in bringing about the Treaty of Portsmouth. George E. Mowry concludes that Roosevelt handled the arbitration well, doing an ""excellent job of balancing Russian and Japanese power in the Orient, where the supremacy of either constituted a threat to growing America"". Roosevelt also played a major role in mediating the First Moroccan Crisis by calling the Algeciras Conference, which averted war between France and Germany. Roosevelt's presidency saw the strengthening of ties with Great Britain. The Great Rapprochement had begun with British support"
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"American President Theodore Roosevelt. It was highly advantageous to Japan and transformed the balance of power in East Asia. Britain remained strictly neutral, as allowed by its treaty with Japan. However, there was a brief war scare in October 1905 when the Russian battle fleet headed to fight Japan mistakenly engaged a number of British fishing vessels in the North Sea. The misunderstanding was quickly resolved. Diplomacy became delicate in the early 20th century. Russia was troubled by the Entente Cordiale between Great Britain and France signed in 1904. Russia and France already had a mutual defense agreement that said"
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"a reassessment of Japan's recent entry onto the world stage. It was the first major military victory in the modern era of an Asian power over a European one. In 1905 U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt mediated peace. In the Treaty of Portsmouth both sides agreed to evacuate Manchuria and return its sovereignty to China. However Japan leased the Liaodong Peninsula (containing Port Arthur and Talien) and the Russian-built South Manchurian Railway in southern Manchuria with access to strategic resources. Japan also received the southern half of the Island of Sakhalin from Russia. Japan dropped its demand for an indemnity. Roosevelt"
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"won the Nobel Peace Prize for his successful efforts. Historian George E. Mowry concludes that Roosevelt handled the arbitration well, doing an ""excellent job of balancing Russian and Japanese power in the Orient, where the supremacy of either constituted a threat to growing America."" The alliance with Britain had served Japan greatly by discouraging France, Russia's European ally, from intervening in the war as this would mean war with Great Britain. (If France had intervened, it would have been the second hostile Power, and, as such, would have triggered Article 3 of the Treaty.) The alliance was renewed and strengthened"
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"of the repeated pogroms. More violence in Russia led in 1913 to the United States repealing an 1832 commercial treaty. In 1900, Russia and America were part of the Eight-Nation Alliance suppressing the Boxer Rebellion in China. Russia soon afterward occupied Manchuria at this time, and the US asserted the Open Door Policy to forestall Russian and German territorial demands from leading to a partition of China into various colonies. President Theodore Roosevelt played a major role in ending the Russo-Japanese War and creating peace between two nations; the Treaty of Portsmouth was signed in Kittery, Maine in 1905. In"
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"Ralph Bunche Ralph Johnson Bunche (; August 7, 1904 December 9, 1971) was an American political scientist, academic, and diplomat who received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his late 1940s mediation in Israel. He was the first African American to be so honored in the history of the prize. He was involved in the formation and administration of the United Nations. In 1963, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President John F. Kennedy. For more than two decades (1928 to 1950), Bunche served as chair of the Department of Political Science at Howard University, where he"
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"European powers in suppressing the Boxer Rebellion in China in 1900, but the U.S. was increasingly troubled about Japan's denial of the Open Door Policy that would ensure that all nations could do business with China on an equal basis. President Theodore Roosevelt played a major role in negotiating an end to the war between Russia and Japan in 1905–6. Vituperative anti-Japanese sentiment (especially on the West Coast) soured relations in the 1907–24 era. Washington did not want to anger Japan by passing legislation to bar Japanese immigration to the U.S. as had been done for Chinese immigration. Instead there"
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"the nation's natural resources. In foreign policy, he focused on Central America, where he began construction of the Panama Canal. He expanded the Navy and sent the Great White Fleet on a world tour to project the United States' naval power around the globe. His successful efforts to broker the end of the Russo-Japanese War won him the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize. He avoided controversial tariff and money issues. Elected in 1904 to a full term, Roosevelt continued to promote progressive policies, many of which were passed in Congress. Roosevelt successfully groomed his close friend, William Howard Taft, and Taft"
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"years was named Wentworth Hall. It was bought by Frank Jones in 1879 and expanded in the Second Empire style. With Jones's death, the hotel was sold in 1902. In 1905, the hotel housed the Russian and Japanese delegations who concluded the Treaty of Portsmouth to end the Russo-Japanese War. U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt suggested the peace talks, and won the Nobel Peace Prize for his actions. Both delegations were welcomed at no charge, with Frank Jones' executor Judge Calvin Page providing hospitality as Jones' will stipulated he should. The final document was signed at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard where"
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"the Panama Canal. Roosevelt also increased the size of the navy, and by the end of his second term the United States had more battleships than any other country besides Britain. Following the Spanish–American War, Roosevelt believed that the United States had emerged as a world power, and he sought ways to assert America's newly-eminent position abroad. In 1905, Roosevelt offered to mediate a treaty to end the Russo-Japanese War. The parties agreed to meet in Portsmouth, New Hampshire and they resolved the final conflict over the division of Sakhalin– Russia took the northern half, and Japan the south; Japan"
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"committee feared being labeled naïve for accepting a young politician's promises at face value"", stating that ""no one could deny that 'the international climate' had suddenly improved, and that Mr. Obama was the main reason...'We want to embrace the message that he stands for."" Obama was the fourth U.S. President to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, after Theodore Roosevelt (1906) and Woodrow Wilson (1919)—both of whom received the award during their terms—and Jimmy Carter (2002), who received the award 21 years after leaving office. In addition, then-sitting Vice President Charles Dawes was a co-winner with Austen Chamberlain (1925), and"
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"of the Russian Army and Navy by the Japanese, and the relative unimportance to Russia of the disputed land made the war extremely unpopular. Tsar Nicholas II elected to negotiate peace so he could concentrate on internal matters after the disaster of Bloody Sunday on 9 January 1905. Both sides accepted the offer of Theodore Roosevelt, the President of the United States, to mediate; meetings were held in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, with Sergei Witte leading the Russian delegation and Baron Komura, a graduate of Harvard, leading the Japanese delegation. The Treaty of Portsmouth was signed on 5 September 1905 at"
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"and Ruth. On 15 April 2008, the Oregon War Veterans Association(OWVA) nominated DeShazer for the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal noting his extraordinary impact on America as a war hero and for his heroic service to the people of Japan, where he is well known as a hero of peace and reconciliation. On 21 April 2008, the White House confirmed the nomination in a letter to OWVA's executive director, Greg Warnock. President George W. Bush's Deputy Director for Awards said that the DeShazer nomination for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's most prestigious civilian award,"
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"This neutrality agreement was honored by both sides until 1945. In April, 1941, a triumphant Matsuoka returned to Japan, but Konoe had in hand a peace proposal from the United States. The proposal included American recognition of Manchukuo, the merging of Chiang's government with the Japan-backed Reorganized National Government of China, withdrawal of Japanese troops from China and mutual respect for its independence, and an agreement that Japanese immigration to the United States shall proceed ""on the basis of equality with other nationals and free from discrimination."" A meeting for negotiation between United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Konoe"
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"negotiating the ceasefires contained in the Paris Peace Accords on ""Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam"", signed the previous January. According to Irwin Abrams, this prize was the most controversial to date. For the first time in the history of the Peace Prize, two members left the Nobel Committee in protest. Tho rejected the award, telling Kissinger that peace had not been restored in South Vietnam. Kissinger wrote to the Nobel Committee that he accepted the award ""with humility,"" and ""donated the entire proceeds to the children of American servicemembers killed or missing in action in Indochina."" After"
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"1910), with scant protest from other powers. From 1910 forward, the Japanese adopted a strategy of using the Korean Peninsula as a gateway to the Asian continent and making Korea's economy subordinate to the needs of Japanese capitalism. Russia also signed over its 25-year leasehold rights to Port Arthur, including the naval base and the peninsula around it, and ceded the southern half of Sakhalin Island to Japan. Both would be taken back by the Soviet Union following the defeat of the Japanese in World War II. Roosevelt earned the Nobel Peace Prize for his effort. George E. Mowry concludes"
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"grounds of the base. In 1905, construction began on the Portsmouth Naval Prison, a military prison dubbed ""The Castle"" because of its resemblance to a crenellated castle. It was the principal prison for the Navy and Marine Corps, as well as housing for many German U-Boat crews after capture, until it closed in 1974. Also in 1905, the Portsmouth Navy Yard hosted the Treaty of Portsmouth which ended the Russo-Japanese War. For arranging the peace conference, President Theodore Roosevelt won the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize. Delegates met in the General Stores Building, now the Administration Building (called Building 86). In"
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"The Japanese government decided on war to stop the perceived Russian threat to its plans for expansion into Asia. After negotiations broke down in 1904, the Japanese Navy opened hostilities by attacking the Russian Eastern Fleet at Port Arthur, China, in a surprise attack. Russia suffered multiple defeats by Japan. Tsar Nicholas II kept on with the expectation that Russia would win decisive naval battles, and when that proved illusory he fought to preserve the dignity of Russia by averting a ""humiliating peace"". The war concluded with the Treaty of Portsmouth, mediated by US President Theodore Roosevelt. The complete victory"
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"a long-term war was not to Japan's advantage, as early as July 1904 the Japanese government had begun seeking out intermediaries to assist in bringing the war to a negotiated conclusion. The intermediary approached by the Japanese side was the United States President Theodore Roosevelt, who had publicly expressed a pro-Japanese stance at the beginning of the war. However, as the war progressed, Roosevelt had begun to show concerns on the strengthening military power of Japan and its impact on long-term United States interests in Asia. In February 1905, Roosevelt sent messages to the Russian government via the US ambassador"
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"has achieved, through direct personal contacts across boundaries, widely recognized advances toward President Eisenhower’s vision of peace and productivity through person-to-person international dialogue. Notable recipients include Presidents Gerald Ford and George H.W. Bush, United States Secretaries of State Colin Powell, Henry Kissinger and George Shultz, U.S. Treasury Secretary Douglas Dillon, Federal Reserve Board Chairman Alan Greenspan, Nobel Prize winner and economist Dr. Amartya Sen, Professor Muhammad Yunus, and founding Trustees Ambassadors Walter H. Annenberg and Thomas J. Watson, Jr. The Eisenhower Medal is conferred annually at a private gala dinner with Trustees, sponsors, and Fellows. Annually, outstanding Fellows are recognized"
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"main belt, armored deck and turret armor and steamed at . United States President Theodore Roosevelt, while impressed with Japan's success in the war and its modernization overall, considered its actions a threat to American interests in the Pacific region. This in turn had motivated him to maintain a ""controlling voice"" in the Philippines after the Philippine–American War ended in 1902 and would encourage him to send the Great White Fleet on its worldwide voyage in 1907. (Unfortunately, the visit of the fleet would inspire Japan to step up its building program still further.) Japan's 1905 victory in the Russo-Japanese"
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"acquired in the Spanish–American War; while he ended the U.S. military presence in Cuba, he committed to a long-term occupation of the Philippines. Much of his foreign policy focused on the threats posed by Japan in the Pacific Ocean and Germany in the Caribbean Sea. Seeking to avoid the presence of European empires in the Western Hemisphere, Roosevelt mediated the Venezuela Crisis and declared the Roosevelt Corollary, in which the U.S. promised to uphold legitimate European claims on Latin American countries. Roosevelt also mediated the Russo-Japanese War, for which he won the Nobel Prize. He pursued closer relations with Great"
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"for a nation to own the islands which border its shores."" A year later, Roosevelt wrote, At the conclusion of the Russo-Japanese War in September 1905, President Roosevelt leveraged his position as a strong but impartial leader in order to negotiate a peace treaty between the two nations. """"Speaking softly"""" earned the President enough prestige to even merit a Nobel Peace Prize the following year for his efforts. Big Stick ideology Big stick ideology, big stick diplomacy, or big stick policy refers to U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy: ""speak softly and carry a big stick."" Roosevelt described his style"
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"Jones' name, as it is the only surviving property in the United States associated with him. Built by the master housewright Hopestill Cheswell, an African American, it has been designated as a National Historic Landmark. It now serves as the Portsmouth Historical Society Museum. The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, established in 1800 as the first federal navy yard, is located on Seavey's Island in Kittery, Maine. The base is famous for being the site of the 1905 signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth which ended the Russo-Japanese War. Though US President Theodore Roosevelt orchestrated the peace conference that brought Russian and"
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"Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish, Norwegian: "")"" is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature. Since March 1901, it has been awarded annually (with some exceptions) to those who have ""done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses"". As per Alfred Nobel's will, the recipient is selected by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, a"
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"border dispute with Britain, the so-called Aroostook War. Ladd is buried in Portsmouth, New Hampshire William Ladd William Ladd (May 10, 1778 – April 9, 1841) was one of the earliest American anti-war activists, and the first president of the American Peace Society. Ladd was born in Exeter, New Hampshire as a direct lineal descendant of Daniel Ladd, Sr. (1613–1693). After he graduated from Harvard in 1797 he shipped as a seaman from Portsmouth, New Hampshire in a vessel owned by his father, a local merchant. At 20 years old he was a capable New England captain and had seen"
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The Curious Case of Benjamin Buttons, the story (and movie) about a boy/man who ages in reverse, was written by what great Jazz Age writer?
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"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (short story) ""The Curious Case of Benjamin Button"" is a short story written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. First published in ""Collier's"" Magazine on May 27, 1922. It was subsequently anthologized in his book ""Tales of the Jazz Age"", which is occasionally published as ""The Curious Case of Benjamin Button and Other Jazz Age Stories"". In 1860 Baltimore, Benjamin is born with the physical appearance of a 70-year-old man, already capable of speech. His father Roger invites neighborhood boys to play with him and orders him to play with children's toys, but Benjamin obeys only"
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"has a child of his own who later attends kindergarten with Benjamin. After kindergarten, Benjamin slowly begins to lose memory of his earlier life. His memory fades away to the point where he cannot remember anything except his nurse. Everything fades to darkness shortly after. Fitzgerald, in his introduction to the story, remarks that he came across a similar plot in Samuel Butler's ""Note-Books"" several weeks after publishing ""Benjamin Button"". In 1921, well-known British novelist Oliver Onions published a novel, ""The Tower of Oblivion"", about a man of 45 who begins to age backward, to grow younger. A story with"
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"Case of Benjamin Button"" by F. Scott Fitzgerald (and later released as a feature film in 2008). The main character, Benjamin Button, is born as a seventy-year-old man and ages backwards; it has been suggested that this was inspired by progeria. Charles Dickens may have described a case of progeria in the Smallweed family of ""Bleak House"", specifically in the grandfather and his grandchildren, Judy and twin brother Bart. A 2009 Bollywood movie, ""Paa"", was made about the condition; in it, the lead (Amitabh Bachchan) played a 12-year-old child affected by progeria. In the 1983 film ""The Hunger"", progeria was"
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"Button""<br> 3. Wally Pfister – ""The Dark Knight"" 1. Mike Leigh – ""Happy-Go-Lucky""<br> 2. Danny Boyle – ""Slumdog Millionaire""<br> 3. David Fincher – ""The Curious Case of Benjamin Button"" 1. ""Milk""<br> 2. ""Rachel Getting Married""<br> 3. ""Happy-Go-Lucky""<br> 3. ""Slumdog Millionaire"" 1. Courtney Hunt – ""Frozen River""<br> 2. Lance Hammer – ""Ballast""<br> 3. Joachim Trier – ""Reprise"" 1. ""4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days (4 luni, 3 saptamani si 2 zile)"" • Romania<br> 2. ""A Christmas Tale (Un conte de Noël)"" • France<br> 3. ""The Class (Entre les murs)"" • France 1. ""Man on Wire""<br> 2. ""Waltz with Bashir (Vals"
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"H. G. Wells and Lewis Carroll knew of the story before they wrote their works which used devices or machines to time-travel. The Clock that Went Backward ""The Clock That Went Backward"" is a fantasy short story by Edward Page Mitchell. Aunt Gertrude's antique 16th century clock, when run backwards by two boys, is found to reverse the flow of time. This enables the boys to time-travel and participate in a short Henty-like historical adventure in which they help to relieve the 16th century Spanish siege of Leiden. This short story for boys was published anonymously in ""The Sun"" newspaper"
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"novel by Andrew Sean Greer. Ray Bradbury's 2001 novel ""From the Dust Returned"" contains a short story (""Make Haste to Live"") in which an old woman is born in a grave and regresses in age as time passes. The 2008 film ""The Curious Case of Benjamin Button"" is an adaptation of the story. Moses Thiessen portrays Benjamin Button in the television series ""Riverdale"" and ""Chilling Adventures of Sabrina"" by Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa. In Ahmed Khaled Tawfik's 2000 Arabic short story ""A different kind of legend"", a part of the author's mini novel series ""Paranormal"", the main character ""Dr. Refaat Ismael"" is"
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"to please his father. At five, Benjamin is sent to kindergarten but is quickly withdrawn after he repeatedly falls asleep during child activities. At the age of 18, Benjamin enrolls in Yale College, but is sent home by officials, who think he is a 50-year-old lunatic. When Benjamin turns 20, the Button family realizes that he is aging backwards. In 1880, when Benjamin is 20, his father gives him a control of Roger Button & Co. Wholesale Hardware. He meets the young Hildegarde Moncrief, a daughter of General Moncrief, and falls in love with her. Hildegarde mistakes Benjamin for a"
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"Scott Fitzgerald. The story follows a man who is born an octogenarian and ages in reverse, with Pitt's ""sensitive"" performance making ""Benjamin Button"" a ""timeless masterpiece"", according to Michael Sragow of ""The Baltimore Sun"". The performance earned Pitt his first Screen Actors Guild Award nomination, as well as a fourth Golden Globe and second Academy Award nomination, all in the category for Best Actor. The film received thirteen Academy Award nominations in total, and grossed $329 million at the box office worldwide. Pitt's next leading role came in 2009 with the Quentin Tarantino-directed war film ""Inglourious Basterds"", which premiered at"
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"leads his teammates to victory at the big football game at the end of the year. Peters tells Carver that Day still loves him, and that she has changed, becoming less wild and more mature. Day and Carver are reunited at the end. ""The Plastic Age"" was based on the 1924 novel of the same name, which was written by Brown University professor Percy Marks, a popular novelist at the time. Marks' novels were based on his students, the 'flaming youth in rebellion' of the twenties, who danced to wild jazz, drank from silver flasks, and had petting parties. Benjamin"
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"storylines, which progress through causes before reaching a final effect, reverse chronological storylines reveal the final effect before tracing the causes leading up to it; therefore, the initial cause represents a ""twist ending"". Examples employing this technique include the films ""Irréversible"", ""Memento"", ""Happy End"" and ""5x2"", the play ""Betrayal"" by Harold Pinter, and Martin Amis' ""Time's Arrow"". Stephen Sondheim and George Furth's Merrily We Roll Along and the 1934 Kaufman and Hart play that inspired it both tell the story of the main characters in reverse order. Plot twist A plot twist is a literary technique that introduces a radical"
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"family and was aired during the broadcast of Super Bowl XLVI. Lance E. Nichols Lance E. Nichols (born July 13, 1955) is an American actor from New Orleans, Louisiana, best known for playing dentist Larry Williams on ""Treme"". A graduate of McDonogh 35 High School and the University of New Orleans, he is also known for his roles in ""The Curious Case of Benjamin Button"" and ""House of Cards"" and is a frequent presence in films that were made in the city. In 2012 he appeared as a character similar to his ""Treme"" character, and also named ""Larry"", in a"
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"the boys they lost in the war, including his own son, could come home again and live full lives. Mr. Gateau was never seen again. Daisy then asks Caroline to read aloud from the diary of Benjamin Button. On the evening of November 11, 1918, a boy is born with the appearance and maladies of an elderly man. After the baby's mother dies during childbirth, the father, Thomas Button, abandons the infant on the porch of a nursing home. Queenie and Mr. ""Tizzy"" Weathers find the baby, and Queenie decides to raise him as her own. Benjamin learns to walk"
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"stories and challenged time and sequentiality as fundamental structural concepts. The 20th century novels deals with a wide range of subject matter. Erich Maria Remarque's ""All Quiet on the Western Front"" (1928) focusses on young German's experiences of World War I. The Jazz Age is explored by American F. Scott Fitzgerald, and the Great Depression by fellow American John Steinbeck. The rise of totalitarian states is the subject of British writer George Orwell. France's existentialism is the subject of French writers Jean-Paul Sartre's ""Nausea"" (1938) and Albert Camus' ""The Stranger"" (1942). The counterculture of the 1960s led to revived interest"
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"of Caroline's father to her, Daisy dies as Hurricane Katrina approaches. Benjamin narrates about what people were brought into this world for, as a montage recaps the most significant people throughout his life. The film ends with alarms wailing as Katrina floods a storage room that holds Mr. Gateau’s clock, which continues to tick backwards. Producer Ray Stark bought the film rights to do ""The Curious Case of Benjamin Button"" in the mid-1980s, and it was optioned by Universal Pictures. The first choice to direct it was Frank Oz, with Martin Short attached for the title role, but Oz could"
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"The Clock that Went Backward ""The Clock That Went Backward"" is a fantasy short story by Edward Page Mitchell. Aunt Gertrude's antique 16th century clock, when run backwards by two boys, is found to reverse the flow of time. This enables the boys to time-travel and participate in a short Henty-like historical adventure in which they help to relieve the 16th century Spanish siege of Leiden. This short story for boys was published anonymously in ""The Sun"" newspaper on September 18, 1881, and not thereafter collected or publicised. As such it was a very ephemeral and slight work for juveniles,"
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"Benjamin Button"". It has since been announced that Scorsese will instead produce, rather than direct the project. On August 10, 2015, it was announced that Scorsese will direct an adaptation of ""The Devil in the White City"", which will star Leonardo DiCaprio and be written by Billy Ray. ""Variety"" reported in January 2016 that Scorsese is also producing a biopic based on the life of classical pianist Byron Janis, with Peter Glanz writing a screenplay based on Janis' own book, ""Chopin and Beyond: My Extraordinary Life in Music and the Paranormal"". Paramount Pictures will distribute the film. On April 29,"
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"striving American boy."" The Master Key (novel) The Master Key: An Electrical Fairy Tale, Founded Upon the Mysteries of Electricity and the Optimism of Its Devotees is a 1901 novel by L. Frank Baum, author of ""The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"". It was illustrated by F. Y. Cory. The protagonist is a boy named Rob Joslyn. His age is not specified. Baum dedicated the book ""To My Son, Robert Stanton Baum,"" who was born in 1886 and would thus have been about fifteen at the time it was published. Rob is an electrical experimenter whose father encourages him and sees"
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"Time's Arrow (novel) Time's Arrow: or The Nature of the Offence (1991) is a novel by Martin Amis. It was shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 1991. The novel recounts the life of a German Holocaust doctor in a disorienting reverse chronology. The narrator, together with the reader, experiences time passing in reverse, as the main character becomes younger and younger during the course of the novel. This is, what many refer to as, a ""reversed narrative"", which plays a central role in shaping the plot of the novel. The narrator is not exactly the protagonist himself but a secondary"
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"Chandler Canterbury Chandler Canterbury (born December 15, 1998) is an American actor. Chandler Canterbury was born in Houston, Texas, the son of Kristine and Russell Canterbury. He has an older brother, Colby, who is also an actor, and a younger sister named Shelby, an actress. He starred in Summit Entertainment's thriller ""Knowing"", and won a 2008 Young Artist Award for his performance as a sociopathic child following his father's murderous example on ""Criminal Minds"" (2005). He was seen in ""The Curious Case of Benjamin Button"" (2008), playing the title character at the age of eight, who has the dementia of"
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"Case of Benjamin Button"". While writing ""The Curious Case of Benjamin Button"", he lost both of his parents and as a result views the film as ""...my most personal movie."" Roth lives in Malibu, California. He is one of the investors defrauded by Bernard Madoff in a Ponzi Scheme via Stanley Chais. He stated that his losses were heavy and he has lost his retirement money, although the full extent is unknown. As a result of the fraud and the associated losses, Roth is suing the estate of Chais, who died on September 26, 2010. Roth is rumored to be"
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"Case of Benjamin Button (film)"" """", and others. John R. Graham (composer) John Roderick Graham is an American film composer. He is best known for his film scores to """", ""Alleged"", ""Bitch Slap"", ""Lange Flate Ballær 2"", and ""American Strays"". He won first prize for Best Original Score for his music in ""Alleged"" at the Michigan Film Festival, and won Best Soundtrack Album for his score for Long Flat Balls II at the Just Plain Folks awards. Graham was born in Charlottesville, Virginia. During his youth he studied at Charterhouse School in Surrey, England, studying singing and orchestral writing. Graham"
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"Allen Ginsberg Irwin Allen Ginsberg (; June 3, 1926 – April 5, 1997) was an American poet, philosopher and writer. He is considered to be one of the leading figures of both the Beat Generation during the 1950s and the counterculture that soon followed. He vigorously opposed militarism, economic materialism and sexual repression and was known as embodying various aspects of this counterculture, such as his views on drugs, hostility to bureaucracy and openness to Eastern religions. He was one of many influential American writers of his time known as the Beat Generation, which included famous writers such as Jack"
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"womb. Dialogue was reversed also. Alan Moore's 1983 short story ""The Reversible Man"" from issue 308 of the comic ""2000AD"" told an ordinary man's life backwards, using the same concept as Butterworth but recasting it as a first-person narrative. Brian K. Vaughan wrote an issue of the ongoing Midnighter series told in reverse chronology. The issue explored the fact that the character Midnighter has the ability to calculate millions of possible scenarios for any given situation. The issue does not have the scenes in reverse order, but rather the individual pages run backwards. Issue 43 of Bongo's ""Simpsons Comics"" is"
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"Pitt produced the 2006 crime drama ""The Departed"", and acted alongside Cate Blanchett in the multi-narrative drama ""Babel"" (2006); the former won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Pitt's portrayal of the eponymous man who ages in reverse in the drama ""The Curious Case of Benjamin Button"" (2008) earned him an Academy Award for Best Actor nomination. He starred in the successful war film ""Inglourious Basterds"" (2009), and produced the superhero film ""Kick-Ass"" (2010) and its sequel in 2013. In 2011, he earned critical acclaim for producing and starring in two films—the experimental drama ""The Tree of Life"" and the"
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"Curious Case of Benjamin Button"", was the basis for a 2008 film. ""Tender Is the Night"" was the subject of the eponymous 1962 film, and made into a television miniseries in 1985. ""The Beautiful and Damned"" was filmed in 1922 and 2010. ""The Great Gatsby"" has been the basis for numerous films of the same name, spanning nearly 90 years: 1926, 1949, 1974, 2000, and 2013 adaptations. The standard biographies of Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald are Arthur Mizener's ""The Far Side of Paradise"" (1951, 1965) and Matthew Bruccoli's ""Some Sort of Epic Grandeur"" (1981). Fitzgerald's letters have also been published"
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"been prepared by Dr. Robert Pinsker, to be published through the auspices of the James P. Johnson Foundation. James P. Johnson James Price Johnson (February 1, 1894 – November 17, 1955) was an American pianist and composer. A pioneer of the stride style of jazz piano, he was one of the most important pianists who bridged the ragtime and jazz eras, and, with Jelly Roll Morton, one of the two most important catalysts in the evolution of ragtime piano into jazz. As such, he was a model for Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Art Tatum, and Fats Waller. Johnson composed many"
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"different from the song reproduced in the right way"". The backwards playing of records was advised as training for magicians by occultist Aleister Crowley, who suggested in his 1913 book ""Magick (Book 4)"" that an adept ""train himself to think backwards by external means"", one of which was to ""listen to phonograph records, reversed"". In the movie ""Gold Diggers of 1935"", the end of the dancing pianos musical number ""The Words Are in My Heart"" is filmed in reverse motion with the accompanying instrumental score incidentally being reversed. The 1950s saw two new developments in audio technology: the development of"
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"as ""I within, who came at the wrong time – either too soon, or after it was all too late."" The ambiguity is perhaps not only due to the last minute reversal of time, making ""too soon"" and ""too late"" equivalent. Time's Arrow (novel) Time's Arrow: or The Nature of the Offence (1991) is a novel by Martin Amis. It was shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 1991. The novel recounts the life of a German Holocaust doctor in a disorienting reverse chronology. The narrator, together with the reader, experiences time passing in reverse, as the main character becomes younger"
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"Victor J. Zolfo Victor J. Zolfo is a set decorator who has worked in the film industry since the late 1980s. Zolfo won the Academy Award for Best Art Direction and the BAFTA Award for Best Production Design for the 2008 film ""The Curious Case of Benjamin Button"", sharing the awards for the film with art director and production designer Donald Graham Burt. He was also part of the 20-person team who won the Art Directors Guild's Excellence in Production Design Award for ""The Curious Case of Benjamin Button"". Zolfo is the son of an art director who worked at"
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"Lance E. Nichols Lance E. Nichols (born July 13, 1955) is an American actor from New Orleans, Louisiana, best known for playing dentist Larry Williams on ""Treme"". A graduate of McDonogh 35 High School and the University of New Orleans, he is also known for his roles in ""The Curious Case of Benjamin Button"" and ""House of Cards"" and is a frequent presence in films that were made in the city. In 2012 he appeared as a character similar to his ""Treme"" character, and also named ""Larry"", in a commercial for Chase Bank that also featured Drew Brees and his"
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"marginalized groups. Classic examples of reverse psychology in popular culture include a large, bright red button with a sign next to it saying ""Do not push"", or a sign saying ""Jump at your own risk"". There are numerous examples of reverse psychology in fiction, cinema, and cartoons, including William Shakespeare's ""Julius Caesar"" where Mark Antony uses reverse psychology to get the town's people to cause a riot. Mark Anthony pretends to side with Brutus by complementing on his deeds which have led to Ceasar's murder, while actually inciting the crowd's anger. In one of Joel Chandler Harris's Uncle Remus stories,"
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"50-year-old brother of Roger Button; she prefers older men and marries him six months later, but remains ignorant of his condition. Years later, Benjamin's business has been successful, but he is tired of Hildegarde because her beauty has faded and she nags him. Bored at home, he enlists in the Spanish–American War in 1898 and achieves great triumph in the military, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He retires from the army to focus on his company, and receives a medal. In 1910, Benjamin, now looking like a 20-year-old, turns over control of his company to his son, Roscoe,"
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"Jason Flemyng Jason Iain Flemyng (born 25 September 1966) is an English actor. Flemyng is known for his film work, which has included roles in British films such as ""Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels"" (1998) and ""Snatch"" (2000), both for Guy Ritchie, as well as Hollywood productions such as ""Rob Roy"" (1995), the Alan Moore comic book adaptations ""From Hell"" (2001) and ""The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen"" (2003), and ""The Curious Case of Benjamin Button"" (2008). He has also appeared in prominent roles in both theatre and television in the UK. Flemyng speaks French fluently, and has made three"
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What drink consists of equal parts of stout beer and champagne, usually served in a champagne flute?
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"Black Velvet (beer cocktail) The Black Velvet is a beer cocktail made from a stout (often Guinness) and white, sparkling wine, traditionally Champagne. The drink was first created by the bartender of Brooks's Club in London in 1861, to mourn the death of Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's Prince Consort. It is supposed to symbolise the black or purple cloth armbands worn by mourners. A Black Velvet is made by mixing equal parts of stout and Champagne or cider. A Black Velvet can also be made by filling a champagne flute halfway with sparkling wine and floating the chilled stout beer"
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"Champagne glass A Champagne glass is a form of stemware designed specifically to enhance the drinking of champagne. The two most common forms are the flute and coupe. In each the stem allows the drinker to hold the glass without affecting the temperature of the drink, making them readily adaptable to consuming other sparkling wines and certain beers. The champagne flute (French:"" "") is a stem glass with either a tall tapered conical shape or elongated slender bowl, generally holding about of liquid. The champagne flute was developed along with other wine stemware in the early 1700s as the preferred"
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"outer walls are separated by a small gap filled with air, a poor thermal conductor. Champagne glass A Champagne glass is a form of stemware designed specifically to enhance the drinking of champagne. The two most common forms are the flute and coupe. In each the stem allows the drinker to hold the glass without affecting the temperature of the drink, making them readily adaptable to consuming other sparkling wines and certain beers. The champagne flute (French:"" "") is a stem glass with either a tall tapered conical shape or elongated slender bowl, generally holding about of liquid. The champagne"
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"effect of bubbles rising to the top. The flute's narrow cross-section also minimizes the oxygen-to-wine ratio, which enhances both the wine's aroma and taste. While most commonly used for sparkling wines, flutes are also used for certain beers, especially fruit beers and Belgian lambics and gueuzes. The flute shows off the beer's color, and helps gather the aroma for the nose. The champagne flute is distinguished from the pilsner glass, which lacks a stem. The champagne coupe is a shallow, broad-bowled, saucer shaped stemmed glass generally capable of containing of liquid. Legend has it the shape of the coupe was"
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"Mimosa (cocktail) A mimosa cocktail is composed of one part champagne (or other sparkling wine) and one part chilled citrus juice, usually orange juice unless otherwise specified. It is traditionally served in a tall champagne flute at brunch, at weddings, by the pint, or as part of first class service on some passenger railways and airlines. It is believed to have been invented at the Hôtel Ritz Paris by Frank Meier, in about 1925. It is probably named after the common name in Europe for the yellow flowers of ""Acacia dealbata"". The Buck's Fizz is a similar type of cocktail,"
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"are often served in specially made, elaborately branded glassware. A vessel similar to a champagne flute is the preferred serving vessel for Belgian lambics and fruit beers. The narrow shape helps maintain carbonation, while providing a strong aromatic front. Flute glasses display the lively carbonation, sparkling color, and soft lacing of this distinct style. Chalices and goblets are large, stemmed, bowl-shaped glasses adequate for serving heavy Belgian ales, German bocks, and other big sipping beers. The distinction between goblet and chalice is typically in the glass thickness. Goblets tend to be thick, while the chalice is thin walled. Some chalices"
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"versions resemble the almost-defunct British style ""milk stout"", while the stronger ones are sometimes described as Imperial stouts. Champagne style beers are generally ales that are finished ""à la méthode originale"" for champagne. Examples include Grottenbier, DeuS and . They receive a second fermentation much like Champagne does and are stored for several months ""sûr lie"" while the fermentation lasts. This creates the smaller, softer bubbles that we know from Champagne, but maintains the beer flavour and style. In Belgium ""Grand Cru"" is more often used than ""Quadrupel"", these beers are a mostly a blend of brews, which is often"
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"heat from the hand from warming the liquid inside. The bowl itself is designed in a manner to help retain the signature carbonation in the beverage. This is achieved by reducing the surface area at the opening of the bowl. Additionally the flute design adds to the aesthetic appeal of champagne, allowing the bubbles to travel further due to the narrow design, giving a more pleasant visual appeal. A sherry glass or schooner is drinkware generally used for serving aromatic alcoholic beverages, such as sherry, port, aperitifs, and liqueurs, and layered shooters. The ""copita"", with its aroma-enhancing narrow taper, is"
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"distinctive ""mushroom"" shape becomes more apparent. The aging of the Champagne post-disgorgement can to some degree be told by the cork, as, the longer it has been in the bottle, the less it returns to its original cylinder shape. Champagne is usually served in a Champagne flute, whose characteristics include a long stem with a tall, narrow bowl, thin sides and an etched bottom. The intended purpose of the shape of the flute is to reduce surface area, therefore preserving carbonation, as well as maximizing nucleation (the visible bubbles and lines of bubbles). Legend it has it that the Victorian"
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"Framboise Framboise () is the name of two kinds of alcoholic drinks fermented with the raspberry (""framboise"" is the French word for raspberry). In English, ""framboise"" is used primarily in reference to a Belgian lambic beer that is fermented using raspberries, It is one of many modern types of fruit beer that have been inspired by the more traditional kriek beer, which is made using sour cherries. Framboise is usually served in a small glass that resembles a champagne glass, only shorter (could also be a goblet). Most framboise beers are quite sweet, though the Cantillon Brewery produces a tart"
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"French 75 (cocktail) French 75 is a cocktail made from gin, Champagne, lemon juice, and sugar. It is also called a 75 Cocktail, or in French simply a ""Soixante Quinze"" (Seventy Five). The drink dates to World War I, and an early form was created in 1915 at the New York Bar in Paris—later Harry's New York Bar—by barman Harry MacElhone. The combination was said to have such a kick that it felt like being shelled with the powerful French 75mm field gun. The drink with its current name and recipe developed over the 1920s, though similar drinks date to"
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"of grain, grape juice, and spices with an alcohol kick. It is often poured into a champagne glass rather than a beer mug, and served at room temperature. Malheur Brewery Malheur Brewery (Brouwerij Malheur) is a brewery in Buggenhout, Belgium, formerly named De Landtsheer. It is known for its Malheur brew. The Malheur is a unique pale ale that is as close to a champagne as a beer can get. The yeast used is a similar to champagne yeast, which is what gives the beer the mouth feel, carbonation, and color of a ""champagne"", and more appealing than a Freixenet"
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"invented a few years earlier in London, which has twice as much champagne as orange juice. The Poinsettia is cranberry juice with champagne (sometimes with vodka and/or Cointreau). The Soleil is made with pineapple juice. The Megmosa is a similar type of cocktail, composed of equal parts champagne and grapefruit juice. Mimosa (cocktail) A mimosa cocktail is composed of one part champagne (or other sparkling wine) and one part chilled citrus juice, usually orange juice unless otherwise specified. It is traditionally served in a tall champagne flute at brunch, at weddings, by the pint, or as part of first class"
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"According to the recipe in Harry MacElhone's book ""Harry's ABC of Mixing Cocktails,"" a French 75 is supposed to be served in a highball glass. The Highball glass, which the Tom Collins Cocktail is also served in, would support the theory of French 75 being a variation of the Tom Collins. French 75 (cocktail) French 75 is a cocktail made from gin, Champagne, lemon juice, and sugar. It is also called a 75 Cocktail, or in French simply a ""Soixante Quinze"" (Seventy Five). The drink dates to World War I, and an early form was created in 1915 at the"
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"mineral water and lemonade. In the Palatinate, the ratio of wine is often much larger; depending on the waiting staff, the glass is filled almost completely with wine and diluted with only a spritzer of water, especially in wine bars and at wine festivals. In the Palatinate, schorle is traditionally served in a special glass that holds 0.5 liters, a Palatinate pint glass. A regional term for this glass is “Dubbeglas”. Similarly to schorle, wine is sometimes mixed with cola: red cola and white cola, meaning cola mixed with red or white wine respectively. Schorle is also called Gespritzter in"
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"is vinified by the traditional Champagne method of a first fermentation in the vat followed by a second fermentation in the bottle. Originally produced from 100% Clairette, Aligoté and Muscat are now included. It is usually drunk as an aperitif but it can equally accompany a meal.It contains less alcohol then most other sparkling wines : ca. 7 or 8 % where 12 is usual for champagne or cava. East of the town of Valence, the vineyards of Die in the French department of the (Drôme) on the border area between the northern and southern sub-regions of the Côtes du"
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"with a dash of lemonade on top. This is to take the edge off the lager, by drinking through the lemonade. In France a 50/50 mix of lager and carbonated lemonade with a dash of Grenadine is called a ""Bière Monaco"". In Colombia, refajo is a mix of beer (generally lager) with Colombiana, a popular champagne cola carbonated drink. It is a typical beverage at barbecues. In Chile, a ""Fanshop"" or Fan-Schop is a made of usually draft beer or lager (Schop) and orange soda (usually Fanta). It is a typical Chilean drink served in traditional pubs/diners (""fuentes de soda"""
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"Half and half Half and half is the name of various beverages and foods made of an equal-parts mixture of two substances, including dairy products, alcoholic beverages, and soft drinks. In some cafés in Brussels, a ""half en half"", Dutch for ""half and half"", is a mixture of white wine and champagne."" Originally, it was a mixture of two different typical beer types from Brussels: 50% lambic and 50% faro."" If you order a ""half and half"" in a Copenhagen bar, you will get a mixture of dark beer and pilsner (lager). The dark beer is a Danish version of"
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"distilled from fermented grain or potatoes. Vodka is the highest grade of brännvin, with brands like Absolut Vodka and Explorer Vodka. Brännvin seasoned with herbs is known as akvavit. This is usually drunk as a snaps, also known as ""nubbe"", a small shot glass to a traditional meal (especially pickled herring or crayfish). Lager beer is the most popular beer, both with meals and in bars. In restaurants and bars it is usually served as a ""stor stark"" (literally ""large strong""), a glass usually containing 40 - 50 cL of ""starköl"" (see below). Lättöl (generally around 2% abv) is very"
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"Chouchen Chouchen (Breton: ""chouchenn"") is an alcoholic beverage popular in Brittany in France. A form of mead, it is made from the fermentation of honey in water. Chouchen normally contains 14% alcohol by volume. Traditionally, buckwheat honey is used, and this imparts chouchen's strong colour and pronounced flavour. In Brittany, the fermentation process is begun by the addition of freshly pressed apple juice. Yeasts can also be used, as in the beer-making process. To reach the required alcoholic strength, for a litre of chouchen, approximately a third of a litre of honey is needed. Chouchen is drunk chilled (though without"
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"Chouchen Chouchen (Breton: ""chouchenn"") is an alcoholic beverage popular in Brittany in France. A form of mead, it is made from the fermentation of honey in water. Chouchen normally contains 14% alcohol by volume. Traditionally, buckwheat honey is used, and this imparts chouchen's strong colour and pronounced flavour. In Brittany, the fermentation process is begun by the addition of freshly pressed apple juice. Yeasts can also be used, as in the beer-making process. To reach the required alcoholic strength, for a litre of chouchen, approximately a third of a litre of honey is needed. Chouchen is drunk chilled (though without"
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"Stinger (cocktail) A Stinger is a duo cocktail made by adding crème de menthe to brandy (although recipes vary). The cocktail's origins can be traced to the United States in the 1890s, and the beverage remained widely popular in America until the 1970s. It was seen as a drink of the upper class, and has had a somewhat wide cultural impact. The Stinger originated about 1890. The cocktail may have been derived from The Judge, a cocktail made with brandy, crème de menthe, and simple syrup found in William Schmidt's 1892 cocktail book ""The Flowing Bowl"". It was immediately popular"
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"the 19th century. In the 19th century, the ""Champagne cup"" was a popular cocktail, consisting of champagne, lemon juice, sugar, and ice. Gin was sometimes added, yielding a drink much like the French 75. The drink was first recorded as the 75 in ""Harry's ABC of Mixing Cocktails"", 1922 edition, by Harry MacElhone, and in the same year in Robert Vermeire's ""Cocktails: How to Mix Them,"" which credits the drink to MacElhone. However, the recipes differed from the current form – MacElhone's version consisted of Calvados, gin, grenadine, and absinthe, while Vermeire added lemon juice. The recipe took its now-classic"
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"spruce beer is an authentic Canadian style of beer, as well as one of the oldest forms of beer in North America. In addition to its unique main ingredient of spruce tips, epinette is also distinguished from other styles of beer from its use of a top-fermented yeast with no malt whatsoever, the addition of toasted bread as well as roasted grain in stages during the brewing process, for its short, in-barrel fermentation period of 24 hours, and for the use of maple syrup, brown sugar, molasses or birch syrup as flavouring agents. Epinette is also typically unhopped. Ice beer"
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"on top of the wine. The differing densities of the liquids cause them to remain largely in separate layers (as in a pousse-café). The effect is best achieved by pouring over a spoon turned upside down over the top of the glass so that the liquid runs gently down the sides rather than splashing into the lower layer and mixing with it. Black Velvet (beer cocktail) The Black Velvet is a beer cocktail made from a stout (often Guinness) and white, sparkling wine, traditionally Champagne. The drink was first created by the bartender of Brooks's Club in London in 1861,"
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"creating a visual and olfactory sensation. The body is bulbous, but the top flares out to form a lip which helps head retention. A vessel similar to a champagne flute is the preferred serving vessel for Belgian lambics and fruit beers. The narrow shape helps maintain carbonation, while providing a strong aromatic front. Flute glasses display the lively carbonation, sparkling colour, and soft lacing of this distinct style. Chalices and goblets are large, stemmed, bowl-shaped glasses mainly associated with Trappist and Abbey ales. The distinction between goblet and chalice is typically in the glass thickness. Goblets tend to be more"
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"content. As of 2016, this beer has earned more medals and awards, including some of the world’s highest honors, than any other Canadian beer. ""Don de Dieu"" is a wheat ale which is re-fermented in the bottle, brewed in the Belgian strong pale ale style. The beer and label were inspired by the explorer Samuel de Champlain de Brouage and his ship, the ""Don de Dieu"" (""Gift from God""). Translated into ""Damned"", this is a 8% ABV Strong amber-red ale. (The label denotes the style as ""Belgian Style Double Ale""). Blanche de Chambly is a Belgian-style witbier. The first refermented"
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"the mixture. The very hot liquid is sipped one person at a time, thus alcohol vapors are inhaled in the process. Grole A Grole (pronounced ""Groll"") is a multi-spouted, and often ornately carved, wooden bowl with a small lid. Groles are always round and relatively shallow, with an interior capacity for liquid proportionate to the number of spouts. Traditionally, a grole is used to serve a hot drink (sometimes called ""café de l'amitié"" - i.e. ""coffee of friendship""), comprising a base of black coffee to which are added a variety of liquors. The liquors added depend on whatever is on"
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"two parts champagne and one part orange juice. Some older recipes list grenadine as an additional ingredient, but the International Bartenders Association recipe does not include it. The original Buck's Club recipe is said to contain additional ingredients known only to the club's bartenders. Four years later, the mimosa cocktail was invented in Paris. It also contains sparkling wine and orange juice, but in equal measures. Buck's Fizz is popularly served at weddings as a less alcoholic alternative to champagne. In the United Kingdom, it is a popular part of a Christmas day breakfast. In 1981, the name was adopted"
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"modelled on the breast of Madame de Pompadour, chief-mistress of King Louis XV of France, but the glass was designed in England over a century earlier especially for sparkling wine and champagne in 1663. The coupe was fashionable in France from its introduction in the 1700s until the 1970s, and in the United States from the 1930s to the 1980s. Champagne is also served in a tulip glass. The white wine tulip is distinguishable from the champagne flute by its wider flared body and mouth. Some oenophiles prefer the tulip glass, as it permits the drinker to get more of"
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"shape for sparkling wine as materials for drinking vessels shifted from metal and ceramic to glassware. Initially, the flute was tall, conical, and slender; by the 20th century, preferences changed from a straight-sided glass to one which curved inward slightly near the lip. This inward taper is designed to retain champagne's signature carbonation by reducing the surface area for it to escape. Nucleation in a champagne glass helps form the wine's bubbles; too much surface area allows carbonation to fizzle out quickly. More bubbles create greater texture in the taster's mouth, and a flute's deep bowl allows for greater visual"
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"fails to break this is often thought to be bad luck. Champagne is a single '. As a general rule, grapes used must be the white Chardonnay, or the dark-skinned ""red wine grapes"" Pinot noir or Pinot Meunier, which, due to the gentle pressing of the grapes and absence of skin contact during fermentation, usually also yield a white base wine. Most Champagnes, including Rosé wines, are made from a blend of all three grapes, although ' (""white from whites"") Champagnes are made from 100% Chardonnay and "" (""white from blacks"") Champagnes are made solely from Pinot noir, Pinot Meunier"
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"is pressed to obtain the natural sugars and juice. The fruit-infused spirits and juices from the final pressing are then combined, and finally, the berry infusion is married with a proprietary blend of cognac, natural vanilla extract, black raspberries, citrus peel, honey, and herbs and spices. The liqueur is 16.5% alcohol by volume. Chambord comes in a spherical bottle. Until mid-2010, the bottle came with a metallic gold plastic lettered 'belt' around the middle, and a crown atop its lid. The bottle was modeled after a Globus cruciger. In the U.S. market, the manufacturer began using a different bottle design"
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Which famous Vice Admiral, who died on December 7, 1817, is famous for navigating a life boat 3,618 nautical miles to the island of Timor, having been put overboard by mutineer Fletcher Christian?
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"Ned Young Edward ""Ned"" Young (c. 1762 – 25 December 1800), was a British sailor, mutineer from the famous HMS ""Bounty"" incident, and co-founder of the mutineers' Pitcairn Island settlement. Young was born on the West Indian island of St. Kitts. He apparently came from a poor family, but he did attend school. He joined the crew of HMS ""Bounty"" as a midshipman in 1787 when she sailed from England to Tahiti. After the ""Bounty"" departed from Tahiti in 1789 several sailors and officers, including Fletcher Christian, mutinied against its captain, Lieutenant William Bligh. Young was asleep during the mutiny,"
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"Fletcher Christian Fletcher Christian (25 September 1764 – 20 September 1793) was master's mate on board HMS ""Bounty"" during Lieutenant William Bligh's voyage to Tahiti during 1787–1789 for breadfruit plants. In the mutiny on the ""Bounty"", Christian seized command of the ship from Bligh on 28 April 1789. Christian was born on 25 September 1764, at his family home of Moorland Close, Eaglesfield, near Cockermouth in Cumberland, England. Fletcher's father's side had originated from the Isle of Man and most of his paternal great-grandfathers were historic Deemsters, their original family surname McCrystyn. Fletcher was the brother to Edward and Humphrey,"
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"of novels uses fictionalised versions of minor crew members as narrators of the stories. ""The Bounty,"" released in 1984, is less sympathetic to Christian than previous treatments were. Notes Bibliography Further reading General information Genealogical information The following genealogical information about Fletcher Christian and the other ""Bounty"" crew members comes from descendants of the ""Bounty"" crew, who may not be reliable and from historical archives. Related information Fletcher Christian Fletcher Christian (25 September 1764 – 20 September 1793) was master's mate on board HMS ""Bounty"" during Lieutenant William Bligh's voyage to Tahiti during 1787–1789 for breadfruit plants. In the mutiny"
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"the ship's Master, but the Navy Board turned down this request due to Christian's low seniority in service years and appointed John Fryer instead. Christian was retained as Master's Mate. The following year, halfway through the Bounty's voyage, Bligh appointed Christian as acting lieutenant, thus making him senior to Fryer. On 28 April 1789, Fletcher Christian led a mutiny on-board the Bounty and from this point forward was considered an outlaw. He was formally stripped of his naval rank in March 1790 and discharged after Bligh returned to England and reported the mutiny to the Admiralty Board. In 1787, Christian"
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"divers each year visit to enjoy and photograph. Bligh Water In 1789 the English Royal Navy Cutter the Bounty commanded by Lieutenant William Bligh was overtaken by 18 crew led by Master's Mate Fletcher Christian in what has been named the ""Mutiny on the Bounty."" The area known as the Bligh Water is the body of water (approximately 9500 km² in extent) in the western Fiji islands through which Bligh sailed his 7 m (23 ft) launch during his 3,618 mile journey from Tofua to the Dutch port of Timor. At the time some of the local Fijian tribes were"
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"was appointed Governor of New South Wales. He returned to London in 1810 having suffered a further rebellion by local army officers who opposed Bligh's attempts to reform local practices, as well as his rule by ""fiat""; Bligh was again court-martialed and acquitted. On his retirement he was promoted to rear admiral; he died in 1817. Fletcher Christian, who had taken the ""Bounty"" to Pitcairn Island and founded a colony there with a group of hard core mutineers and conscripted Tahitians, was killed in September 1793 during a feud. Christian's last recorded words, supposedly, were ""Oh, dear!"" Peter Heywood Peter"
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"Bligh Water In 1789 the English Royal Navy Cutter the Bounty commanded by Lieutenant William Bligh was overtaken by 18 crew led by Master's Mate Fletcher Christian in what has been named the ""Mutiny on the Bounty."" The area known as the Bligh Water is the body of water (approximately 9500 km² in extent) in the western Fiji islands through which Bligh sailed his 7 m (23 ft) launch during his 3,618 mile journey from Tofua to the Dutch port of Timor. At the time some of the local Fijian tribes were considered hostile and many were cannibalistic so Bligh"
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"of 1815. HMS Dictator (1783) HMS ""Dictator"" was a 64-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 6 January 1783 at Limehouse. She was converted into a troopship in 1798, and broken up in 1817. At the ""Reduction of Trinidad"" in 1797 ""Dictator"" participated in the later stages, not having arrived until 18 February, the prize money awarded reflecting this late arrival. On 8 March 1801, whilst disembarking the army at the Battle of Aboukir during the French campaign in Egypt, one seaman was killed and a midshipman, Edward Robinson, fatally wounded. Prize money for the"
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"settle on the island of Tubuai, the ""Bounty"" mutineers returned to Tahiti where they parted company. Fletcher Christian and eight of his men, together with eighteen Polynesians, sailed from Tahiti in September 1789, and for a period of eighteen years nothing was heard of them. Then, in 1808, the American sailing vessel ""Topaz"" discovered a thriving community of mixed blood on Pitcairn Island under the rule of ""Alexander Smith"" (the assumed name of John Adams, the only survivor of the fifteen men who had landed there so long before). Pitcairn's Island (novel) Pitcairn's Island is the third installment in the"
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"appointed master of the HMAV ""Bounty"", with Fletcher Christian as master's mate. The ""Bounty""'s captain William Bligh on 10 January 1788 put his crew on three watches, giving one of them to Christian; and on 2 March 1788 promoted Christian to acting lieutenant. Some have speculated that this was the source of the ill-will that later developed between Fryer and Bligh. However, as a Master, Fryer would never have been promoted to lieutenant at sea. Indeed, he never did become a lieutenant. Fryer remained loyal, and accompanied Bligh in reaching Timor. Bligh's account of the mutiny vilified Fryer, but Fryer"
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"gives the island an average yearly population of 2 [(50*14+0*351)/365]. The Mutiny on the Bounty (1789) took place about from Tofua. Captain William Bligh navigated the overcrowded open launch on an epic 41-day voyage first to Tofua and then to Timor equipped only with a sextant and a pocket watch — no charts or compass. He recorded the distance as . He passed through the difficult Torres Strait along the way and landed on June 14. The only casualty of his voyage was a crewman named John Norton who was stoned to death by the natives of Tofua, the first"
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"served simultaneously in his naval career. In the early 1780s, while in the merchant service, Bligh became acquainted with a young man named Fletcher Christian (1764–1793), who was eager to learn navigation from him. Bligh took Christian under his wing, and the two became friends. The mutiny on the Royal Navy vessel HMAV Bounty occurred in the South Pacific Ocean on 28 April 1789. Led by Master's Mate / Acting Lieutenant Fletcher Christian, disaffected crewmen seized control of the ship, and set Bligh and 18 loyalists adrift in the ship's open launch. The mutineers variously settled on Tahiti or on"
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"French ship Redoutable (1791) The Redoutable was a ""Téméraire"" class 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. She took part in the battles of the French Revolutionary Wars in the Brest squadron, served in the Caribbean in 1803, and duelled with HMS ""Victory"" during the Battle of Trafalgar, killing Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson during the action. She sank in the storm that followed the battle. Built as ""Suffren"", the ship was commissioned in the Brest squadron of the French fleet. After her crew took part in the Quibéron mutinies, she was renamed to ""Redoutable"". She took part in"
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"James Reiskimmer James Riskinner or Reiskimmer was a 17th-century English privateer who operated from Providence Island against Spanish shipping during the late 1630s. A lieutenant on the ship ""Warwick"", then part of a fleet under the command of Nathaniel Butler, he later took part in a privateering expedition under Butler between May–September 1639. According to Nathanial Butler's journal, James's father, Captain Nicholas Reiskimmer, was appointed governor of Association Island (Tortuga), but died shortly after arriving there. During the four-month voyage, Riskinner was elected to succeed its former captain Nicholas Roope who died after leaving Providence Island. However, due both to"
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"José Antonio de Gaztañeta Don José Antonio de Gaztañeta (alternatively José Antonio de Castaneta) (Mutriku, Gipuzkoa, 1656 – Madrid, 1728) was a Spanish Basque Vice-Admiral and ship builder. He is best remembered as the Vice-Admiral who commanded the Spanish Mediterranean fleet at the Battle of Cape Passaro against Great Britain on August 11, 1718 off the coast of Sicily. Gaztañeta's fleet was decisively defeated. His greatest contribution to the Spanish Navy though was in the field of ship building. He was an innovator who based his designs on science. He was at the origin of the revival of the Spanish"
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"In March 1718 he was appointed to HMS ""Superbe"", one of the fleet which went out to the Mediterranean with Byng. In the battle of Cape Passaro, 31 July 1718, Master made himself prominent. The ""Superbe"" and HMS ""Kent"" together engaged the ""Real San Felipe"", the Spanish flagship, till, having beaten her to a standstill, she was boarded and taken by a party from the ""Superbe"", led by Thomas Arnold, her first lieutenant. After his return to England Master had no further service, dying of a fever, 22 June 1724. He had married, only four months before, Elizabeth, only daughter"
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"a distance of 100 kilometres. His honours included: Sir Thomas Hardy, 1st Baronet Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Masterman Hardy, 1st Baronet, GCB (5 April 1769 – 20 September 1839) was a Royal Navy officer. He took part in the Battle of Cape St Vincent in February 1797, the Battle of the Nile in August 1798 and the Battle of Copenhagen in April 1801 during the French Revolutionary Wars. He served as flag captain to Admiral Lord Nelson, and commanded HMS ""Victory"" at the Battle of Trafalgar in October 1805 during the Napoleonic Wars. Nelson was shot as he paced the decks"
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"HMS Dictator (1783) HMS ""Dictator"" was a 64-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 6 January 1783 at Limehouse. She was converted into a troopship in 1798, and broken up in 1817. At the ""Reduction of Trinidad"" in 1797 ""Dictator"" participated in the later stages, not having arrived until 18 February, the prize money awarded reflecting this late arrival. On 8 March 1801, whilst disembarking the army at the Battle of Aboukir during the French campaign in Egypt, one seaman was killed and a midshipman, Edward Robinson, fatally wounded. Prize money for the capture of"
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"Sea. Task Force 17 (TF 17), commanded by Rear Admiral Fletcher and consisting of the carrier , escorted by three cruisers and four destroyers and supported by a replenishment group of two oilers and two destroyers, was already in the South Pacific, having departed Tongatabu on 27 April en route to the Coral Sea. TF 11, commanded by Rear Admiral Aubrey Fitch and consisting of the carrier with two cruisers and five destroyers, was between Fiji and New Caledonia. TF 16, commanded by Vice Admiral William F. Halsey and including the carriers and , had just returned to Pearl Harbor"
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"marooned by fellow pirate captain William Moody for attempted mutiny. The three pirate captains celebrated their victory on board the ship for nearly a month before releasing its captain, William Snelgrave, and giving him the ""Bristol Snow"" and the remaining cargo left from the pirates' week-long occupation of the ship. Due to disagreements between the captains, the three parted ways on May 10, 1719. At least one source says Cocklyn died on Madagascar, with captaincy of his ship ""Victory"" going to Richard Taylor, who afterwards sailed with Edward England and Jasper Seagar. Thomas Cocklyn Thomas Cocklyn was an 18th-century English"
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"may have renamed), and claimed Levasseur was commanding the ""Victory"", with Taylor serving as quartermaster. Sailing to Île Sainte-Marie near Madagascar, they burned the ""Victory"" and fitted out the ""Cabo"" for piracy; Seagar died while on Madagascar of unknown causes. Levasseur captained the ""Cassandra"" after Seagar’s death, eventually exchanging ships with Taylor who sailed it to the Caribbean and traded it to the governor of Porto Bello for amnesty. Oliver Levasseur took the refitted ""Cabo"" until his retirement and recapture. Jasper Seagar Jasper Seagar (died 1721) was a pirate active in the Indian Ocean, best known for sailing with Edward"
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"July 1917 and taking part in the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight in November 1917. He commanded the whole Light Cruiser Force from January 1918 to April 1919. He was appointed Commander-in-Chief, America and West Indies Station in December 1919 but died in office during the following Summer. He is buried at the Royal Naval Cemetery in Bermuda. In 1899 he married Mary Elizabeth Culme-Seymour, daughter of Sir Michael Culme-Seymour, 3rd Baronet; they had a son and two daughters. His great-granddaughter is actress and comedian Miranda Hart. Trevylyan Napier Vice Admiral Sir Trevylyan Dacres Willes Napier, (19 April 1867 –"
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"William McCoy (mutineer) William McCoy (c.1763 – 20 April 1798) was a Scottish sailor and a mutineer on board HMS ""Bounty"". Following the mutiny led by Fletcher Christian, the ""Bounty"" was taken to Tahiti for a few days before being compelled to set sail. McCoy joined Christian and seven other mutineers. They took eleven Tahitian women and six men with them. After months at sea, the mutineers discovered the uninhabited Pitcairn Island and settled there in January 1790. McCoy had one consort, Teio, and fathered two children, Daniel and Catherine. After three years, a conflict broke out between the Tahitian"
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"people to die in Antarctica, as parts of her wreckage were found months later by the early sealers visiting Livingston Island. Indeed, if somebody of the ""San Telmo"" survived to set foot there they would have been the first known person in history to reach Antarctica. San Telmo Island off the north coast of Livingston Island is named after the ship. San Telmo (ship) San Telmo (""Saint Peter Gonzalez"" or ""Saint Erasmus of Formiae"") was a Spanish 74-gun ship of the line, launched in 1788. In 1819 the ""San Telmo"" commanded by Captain Joaquín de Toledo y Parra was the"
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"Tenerife. He died in Portsmouth, England in 1796. The diary was published in 1963 as ""Remarks on a passage to Botany Bay, 1787–1792 : a First Fleet Journal"". Watkin Tench (1758?–1833) was a Captain-Lieutenant of the Marine Corps and author. He was born between May 1758 and May 1759 at Chester, England, the son of Fisher Tench and his wife Margaret (Margaritta). Towards the end of 1786 he volunteered for a three-year tour of service with the convict settlement about to be formed at Botany Bay. He sailed in the transport ""Charlotte"" on 13 May 1787 as one of the"
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"the perpetrators; the Lieutenant’s killer was tried and hung. Claver’s ""Castel del Rey"" was now under the command of Otto Van Tuyl. Penniston’s ""Setty"" and Regnier Tongrelow’s ""New York Galley"" along with Van Tuyl and their tender (captained by Nat Burches) left for the West Indies in December 1705, though Van Tuyl was killed when his ship was wrecked leaving New York harbor. The others used Barbados and Bermuda as bases to raid the Caribbean. Penniston sent back a series of captured prize ships before he and Tongrelow combined to take several vessels from a French convoy near Petit-Goave. Tongrelow"
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"in the ship's launch, while 25, a mixture of mutineers and detainees, remained on board under Fletcher Christian. Bligh led his loyalists to safety in the open boat, and ultimately back to England. The mutineers divided—most settled on Tahiti, where they were captured by in 1791 and returned to England for trial, while Christian and eight others evaded discovery on Pitcairn Island. The Admiralty rated ""Bounty"" as a cutter, the smallest category of warship—this meant that she was commanded not by a captain but by a lieutenant, with no other commissioned officers aboard, and without the usual detachment of Royal"
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"sailor from the guided-missile destroyer ""Halsey"" was reported overboard in the Gulf of Oman, initiating a search-and-rescue mission involving helicopters from the ""Halsey"", the fast combat support ship ""Ranier"", and the British guided-missile frigate , as well as land-based P-3 maritime patrol aircraft and FA-18 strike fighters from Carrier Air Wing Two based on the carrier ""Abraham Lincoln"". On 19 January, the body of the missing sailor was recovered 75 miles (120.7 km) east of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates, and was identified as Petty Officer Dominique Cruz, 26, of Panama City, Florida. On 31 January 2011, the cruiser ""Cape St."
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"causing 60 casualties before she surrendered. ""Arethuse"" subsequently had a lengthy career as HMS ""Arethusa"". On 27 May 1793, ""Venus,"" Captain Jonathon Faulkner"","" encountered the French frigate ""La Sémillante"" south-west of Cape Finisterre which resulted in close action. ""The sails, rigging and spars of the British frigate had taken the brunt of the enemy fire and were extremely cut up so that a further engagement was inadvisable. Indeed she was lucky to escape an encounter with a fresh opponent."" On 17 July 1801, ""Tromp"", , and ""Venus"" left Portsmouth with a convoy to the West Indies. On the morning of"
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"the cannon exploded shattering his right arm. The arm was amputated and he died days later. Matthew McCoy (Magistrate) Matthew McCoy (1819 - January 31, 1853) served as Magistrate of the British Overseas Territory of Pitcairn Island twice, in 1843 and in 1853. McCoy was the son of Daniel McCoy and Sarah Quintal, making him the grandson of HMS ""Bounty"" mutineers William McCoy and Matthew Quintal. He married Margaret Christian, making him the brother-in-law of his predecessor Fletcher Christian II. McCoy had 12 children, including Magistrate James Russell McCoy and Rebecca Holman Ascension McCoy, who married Benjamin Stanley Young. McCoy"
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"were found guilty, only three were executed - Millward, Burkitt and Ellison who were executed on 29 October 1792 on board the ""Brunswick"" man of war at Portsmouth. Peter Heywood and James Morrison received a Royal pardon, while William Muspratt was acquitted on a legal technicality. Descendants of the nine mutineers not discovered by ""Pandora"" still live on Pitcairn Island, the refuge Fletcher Christian founded in January 1790 and where they burnt and scuttled the ""Bounty"" a few weeks after arrival. Their hiding place was not discovered until 1808 when the New England sealer ""Topaz"" (Captain Mayhew Folger) happened on"
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"in 1797, and several of her most memorable exploits occurred during his captaincy. ""Terpsichore"" served mostly in the Mediterranean, capturing three frigates, and in 1797 went as far as to attack the damaged Spanish first rate ""Santísima Trinidad"", as she limped away from the Battle of Cape St Vincent. The ""Santísima Trinidad"" mounted 136 guns to ""Terpsichore""s 32, and was the largest warship in the world at time. ""Terpsichore"" inflicted several casualties, before abandoning the attack. ""Terpsichore"" passed through several commanders after Bowen's death at Tenerife, and went out to the East Indies, where her last commander was Captain William"
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"George Tryon Vice-Admiral Sir George Tryon (4 January 1832 – 22 June 1893) was a British admiral who died when his flagship HMS ""Victoria"" collided with HMS ""Camperdown"" during manoeuvres off Tripoli, Lebanon. Tryon was born at Bulwick Park, Northamptonshire, England, the third son of Thomas Tryon and his wife Anne Trollope. He had three brothers: the eldest, Thomas, joined the 7th Royal Fusiliers, fought at Alma and Inkerman and served through the Indian Mutiny. The second, Henry, passed through Sandhurst before joining the Rifle Brigade, fighting at Alma, Inkerman and Balaclava before being killed in an attack on Russian"
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Poseidon, the god of the sea in Greek mythology, was known by what name in Roman mythology?
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"Neptune (mythology) Neptune ( ) was the god of freshwater and the sea in Roman religion. He is the counterpart of the Greek god Poseidon. In the Greek-influenced tradition, Neptune was the brother of Jupiter and Pluto; the brothers presided over the realms of Heaven, the earthly world, and the Underworld. Salacia was his wife. Depictions of Neptune in Roman mosaics, especially those of North Africa, are influenced by Hellenistic conventions. Neptune was likely associated with fresh water springs before the sea. Like Poseidon, Neptune was worshipped by the Romans also as a god of horses, under the name ""Neptunus"
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"Poseidon Poseidon (; , ) was one of the Twelve Olympians in ancient Greek religion and myth. He was god of the Sea and other waters; of earthquakes; and of horses. In pre-Olympian Bronze Age Greece, he was venerated as a chief deity at Pylos and Thebes. His Roman equivalent is Neptune. Poseidon was protector of seafarers, and of many Hellenic cities and colonies. In Homer's ""Iliad"", Poseidon supports the Greeks against the Trojans during the Trojan War. In the ""Odyssey"", during the sea-voyage from Troy back home to Ithaca, the Greek hero Odysseus provokes Poseidon's fury by blinding his"
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"Poseidon (DC Comics) Poseidon is the name of a DC Comics deity who is based on the Greek god of the same name. Due to his status as Greek god of the sea, the character has figured primarily in stories relating to two of DC Comics' main superhero properties: Wonder Woman (an Amazon warrior with various connections to the Greek pantheon) and Aquaman (the king of the underwater city of Atlantis). Poseidon first appears in ""Flash Comics"" #9 and was adapted by George Pérez. Poseidon's history in Greek mythology is the same in the DC Comics universe outside of the"
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"ABC television series ""Once Upon a Time"" as the guest star of the second half of season four played by Ernie Hudson. In this version, Poseidon is portrayed as the father of the Sea Witch Ursula. Bibliography of reconstruction: Bibliography of reconstruction: Poseidon Poseidon (; , ) was one of the Twelve Olympians in ancient Greek religion and myth. He was god of the Sea and other waters; of earthquakes; and of horses. In pre-Olympian Bronze Age Greece, he was venerated as a chief deity at Pylos and Thebes. His Roman equivalent is Neptune. Poseidon was protector of seafarers, and"
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"Neptune (Marvel Comics) Neptune, also called Poseidon, is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is based on the Roman God with the same name and his Greek counterpart. Neptune is the god of the sea in the Olympian pantheon, and the patron god of Atlantis. Neptune first appeared in ""Tales to Astonish"" #70 and was adapted by Stan Lee and Gene Colan. Neptune is the son of Cronus and Rhea, and was born in Mount Olympus. Zeus and Pluto are his brothers, and Hera and Vesta are his sisters. Neptune is responsible"
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"Poseidon (fictional ship) The SS ""Poseidon"" is a fictional transatlantic ocean liner that first appeared in the 1969 novel ""The Poseidon Adventure"" by Paul Gallico and later in four films based on the novel. The ship is named after the god of the seas in Greek mythology. In the 1969 novel, the ship is traveling across the Atlantic on her first month-long cruise with African and South American ports of call, after her recent sale & conversion from the 35-year old British ocean liner RMS ""Atlantis"" into the American cruise ship SS Poseidon. On December 26, the ""SS Poseidon"" capsizes"
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"who mocks Apollo's claim. Like the other Olympian Gods, Poseidon possesses super-strength, super-speed, shapeshifting, immortality, and invulnerability. Poseidon can control the seas and all life that dwells within them. Poseidon (DC Comics) Poseidon is the name of a DC Comics deity who is based on the Greek god of the same name. Due to his status as Greek god of the sea, the character has figured primarily in stories relating to two of DC Comics' main superhero properties: Wonder Woman (an Amazon warrior with various connections to the Greek pantheon) and Aquaman (the king of the underwater city of Atlantis)."
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"son, the Cyclops Polyphemus, resulting in Poseidon punishing him with storms, the complete loss of his ship and companions, and a ten-year delay. Poseidon is also the subject of a Homeric hymn. In Plato's ""Timaeus"" and ""Critias"", the island of Atlantis was Poseidon's domain. The earliest attested occurrence of the name, written in Linear B, is ""Po-se-da-o"" or ""Po-se-da-wo-ne"", which correspond to (""Poseidaōn"") and (""Poseidawonos"") in Mycenean Greek; in Homeric Greek it appears as (""Poseidaōn""); in Aeolic as (""Poteidaōn""); and in Doric as (""Poteidan""), (""Poteidaōn""), and (""Poteidas""). The form (""Poteidawon"") appears in Corinth. A common epithet of Poseidon is ""Enosichthon"","
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"to. Poseidon on the other hand underwent the process of becoming the main god of the sea at a much earlier time, as is shown in the Iliad. In the earlier times it was the god Portunus or Fortunus who was thanked for naval victories, but Neptune supplanted him in this role by at least the first century BC when Sextus Pompeius called himself ""son of Neptune."" For a time he was paired with Salacia, the goddess of the salt water. Neptune was also considered the legendary progenitor god of a Latin stock, the Faliscans, who called themselves ""Neptunia proles""."
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"of evil villains. The trident is also said to represent three gunas mentioned in Indian vedic philosophy namely sāttvika, rājasika, and tāmasika. In Greek myth, Poseidon used his trident to create water sources in Greece and the horse. Poseidon, as well as being god of the sea, was also known as the ""Earth Shaker"" because when he struck the earth in anger he caused mighty earthquakes and he used his trident to stir up tidal waves, tsunamis and sea storms. In relation to its fishing origins, the trident is associated with Poseidon, the god of the sea in Greek mythology,"
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"Triton (mythology) Triton (; ""Tritōn"") is a mythological Greek god, the messenger of the sea. He is the son of Poseidon and Amphitrite, god and goddess of the sea respectively, and is herald for his father. He is usually represented as a merman which has the upper body of a human and the tail, soft dorsal fin, spiny dorsal fin, anal fin, pelvic fins and caudal fin of a fish, ""sea-hued"", according to Ovid ""his shoulders barnacled with sea-shells"". Like his father, Poseidon, he carried a trident. However, Triton's special attribute was a twisted conch shell, on which he blew"
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"god of the sea, and Asopos, an important Greek mainland river. According to myth, Poseidon fell in love with the beautiful nymph Korkyra, daughter of Asopos and river nymph Metope, and abducted her. Poseidon brought Korkyra to the hitherto unnamed island and, in marital bliss, offered her name to the place: ""Korkyra"", which gradually evolved to ""Kerkyra"" (Doric). They had a child they called ""Phaiax"", after whom the inhabitants of the island were named ""Phaiakes"", in Latin ""Phaeaciani"". Corfu's nickname is ""the island of the Phaeacians"". The name Corfù, an Italian version of the Byzantine Κορυφώ (Koryphō), meaning ""city of"
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"Trident of Poseidon The trident of Poseidon and his Roman equivalent, Neptune, has been their traditional divine attribute featured in many ancient depictions. In Hesiod's account, Poseidon's trident was crafted by the three Cyclopes. According to Robert Graves, however, both Poseidon's trident and Zeus' thunderbolt were originally a sacred labrys, but later distinguished from each other when Poseidon became god of the sea, while Zeus claimed the right to the thunderbolt. In another view shared by Friedrich Wieseler, E. M. W. Tillyard and several other researchers, Poseidon's trident is a fish spear, typical for coast-dwelling Greeks. In that sense it"
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"Phaethon Phaethon (; , ""Phaéthōn"", ) was the Ancient Greek name for the planet Jupiter, the motions and cycles of which were personified in poetry and myth. Phaethon was said to be the son of the Oceanid Clymene and the solar deity Helios. Alternatively, less common genealogies make him a son of Clymenus by Oceanid Merope, of Helios and Rhodos (thus a full brother of the Heliadae) or of Helios and Prote. Phaethon, challenged by his playmates, sought assurance from his mother that his father was the sun god Helios. She gave him the requested assurance and told him to"
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"of the sea, identified with the Greek Poseidon. The demand for a mythological name seemed to be in keeping with the nomenclature of the other planets, all of which, except for Earth, were named for deities in Greek and Roman mythology. Most languages today, even in countries that have no direct link to Greco-Roman culture, use some variant of the name ""Neptune"" for the planet. However, in Chinese, Vietnamese, Japanese, and Korean, the planet's name was translated as ""sea king star"" (), because Neptune was the god of the sea. In Mongolian, Neptune is called ""Dalain Van"" (Далайн ван), reflecting"
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"be reconstructed to some degree, as since very early times he was identified with the Greek god Poseidon: his presence in the lectisternium of 399 BC is a testimony to the fact. Such an identification may well be grounded in the strict relationship between the Latin and Greek theologies of the two deities. It has been argued that Indo-European people, having no direct knowledge of the sea as they originated from inland areas, reused the theology of a deity originally either chthonic or wielding power over inland freshwaters as the god of the sea. This feature has been preserved particularly"
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"also helps him directly by transforming him into an old beggar in the later books of the odyssey. Athena has also helped Odysseus indirectly by planting ideas into his head and by causing the javelins of the suitors to miss their target when Odysseus finally engages them in book 22. Poseidon is the Greek god of the sea and the brother of Zeus, Hades, Hera, Hestia and Demeter. Beckoned by the curse of Polyphemus, his cyclops son, he attempts to make Odysseus' journey home much harder than it actually needs to be. He appears to be very spiteful in The"
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"Europe, serpents, bulls, dolphins and dragons were customary used to decorate ships' prows and by the thirteenth century, the swan was commonly used to signify grace and mobility. Symbolically, the sea has long been perceived as a hostile and dangerous environment populated by fantastic creatures: the gigantic Leviathan of the Bible, the shark-like Isonade in Japanese mythology, and the ship-swallowing Kraken of late Norse mythology. The Greek mythology of the sea includes a complex pantheon of gods and other supernatural creatures. The god of the sea, Poseidon, is accompanied by his wife, Amphitrite, who is one of the fifty Nereids,"
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"Armando Salazar. Along with Calypso, the sea goddess, featured in the third movie of the series, this version, except its name, has nothing in common with the original Greek myth. Trident of Poseidon The trident of Poseidon and his Roman equivalent, Neptune, has been their traditional divine attribute featured in many ancient depictions. In Hesiod's account, Poseidon's trident was crafted by the three Cyclopes. According to Robert Graves, however, both Poseidon's trident and Zeus' thunderbolt were originally a sacred labrys, but later distinguished from each other when Poseidon became god of the sea, while Zeus claimed the right to the"
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"there is not sufficient evidence that Poseidon was connected with the sea. We do not know if ""Posedeia"" was a sea-goddess. Homer and Hesiod suggest that Poseidon became lord of the sea following the defeat of his father Kronos, when the world was divided by lot among his three sons; Zeus was given the sky, Hades the underworld, and Poseidon the sea, with the Earth and Mount Olympus belonging to all three. Given Poseidon's connection with horses as well as the sea, and the landlocked situation of the likely Indo-European homeland, Nobuo Komita has proposed that Poseidon was originally an"
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"Poseidon and is mentioned in the famous ""Catalogue of Ships"" in Homer's ""Iliad"" where it is referred to as the god's ""bright grove."" In the ""Homeric Hymns"" to Apollo the grove is also mentioned: Onchestos (mythology) In Greek mythology, Onchestos or Onchestus (Ancient Greek: Ογχηστός) was the eponymous founder of the city of Onchestus in Boeotia where the Onchestian Poseidon had a temple and a statue. Little is known about Onchestos and only two literary sources (Plutarch in ""Quaestiones Graecae"" and Pausanias in ""Description of Greece)"" gives information about him. In these accounts he was described as the Boeotian son"
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"Sky and his other brother Poseidon sovereign over the Sea. His central narrative is the abduction of Persephone to be his wife and the queen of his realm. ""Plouton"" as the name of the ruler of the underworld first appears in Greek literature of the Classical period, in the works of the Athenian playwrights and of the philosopher Plato, who is the major Greek source on its significance. Under the name Pluto, the god appears in other myths in a secondary role, mostly as the possessor of a quest-object, and especially in the descent of Orpheus or other heroes to"
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"found at Pylos, the name Poseidon occurs frequently in connection with the ""wanax"" (""king""), whose power and wealth were increasingly maritime rather than equestrian in nature. Surprisingly, Poseidon's name is found with greater frequency than that of Zeus, and is commonly linked (often in a secondary role) with Demeter. Poseidon is brothers with Zeus along with Hades and his father was Cronus, the leader of the Titans. When the office of ""wanax"" disappeared during the Greek Dark Ages, the link between Poseidon and the kingship was largely, although not entirely, forgotten. In classical Athens, Poseidon was remembered as both the"
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"aristocratic Indo-European horse-god who was then assimilated to Near Eastern aquatic deities when the basis of the Greek livelihood shifted from the land to the sea, or a god of fresh waters who was assigned a secondary role as god of the sea, where he overwhelmed the original Aegean sea deities such as Proteus and Nereus. Conversely, Walter Burkert suggests that the Hellene cult worship of Poseidon as a horse god may be connected to the introduction of the horse and war-chariot from Anatolia to Greece around 1600 BC. It is almost sure that once Poseidon was worshiped as a"
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"its namesake god's role as the ruler of the sea. In modern Greek the planet is called ""Poseidon"" (Ποσειδώνας, ""Poseidonas""), the Greek counterpart of Neptune. In Hebrew, ""Rahab"" (רהב), from a Biblical sea monster mentioned in the Book of Psalms, was selected in a vote managed by the Academy of the Hebrew Language in 2009 as the official name for the planet, even though the existing Latin term ""Neptun"" (נפטון) is commonly used. In Māori, the planet is called ""Tangaroa"", named after the Māori god of the sea. In Nahuatl, the planet is called ""Tlāloccītlalli"", named after the rain god"
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"any case, the early importance of Poseidon can still be glimpsed in Homer's ""Odyssey"", where Poseidon rather than Zeus is the major mover of events. In Homer, Poseidon is the master of the sea. Poseidon was a major civic god of several cities: in Athens, he was second only to Athena in importance, while in Corinth and many cities of Magna Graecia he was the chief god of the polis. In his benign aspect, Poseidon was seen as creating new islands and offering calm seas. When offended or ignored, he supposedly struck the ground with his trident and caused chaotic"
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"Hyperippe). In the historical period, Poseidon was often referred to by the epithets ""Enosichthon"", ""Seisichthon"" and ""Ennosigaios"", and ""Gaiēochos"" all meaning ""earth-shaker"" and referring to his role in causing earthquakes. Some other epithets of Poseidon are: Poseidon was the second son of titans Cronus and Rhea. In most accounts he is swallowed by Cronus at birth but later saved, with his other brothers and sisters, by Zeus. However, in some versions of the story, he, like his brother Zeus, did not share the fate of his other brother and sisters who were eaten by Cronus. He was saved by his"
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"result of fusion of the Olympian divinity with an older one: Poseidon Erechtheus, Artemis Orthia, reflect intercultural equations of a divinity with an older one, that is generally considered its pendant; thus most Roman gods and goddesses, especially the Twelve Olympians, had traditional counterparts in Greek, Etruscan, and most other Mediterranean pantheons, such as Jupiter as head of the Olympian Gods with Zeus, but in specific cults there may be a different equation, based on one specific aspect of the divinity. Thus the Greek word ""Trismegistos"": ""thrice grand"" was first used as a Greek name for the Egyptian god of"
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"Pegasides Pegasides () were nymphs of Greek mythology connected with wells and springs, specifically those that the mythical horse Pegasus created by striking the ground with his hooves. According to Greek mythological tradition the winged horse Pegasus was the son of Poseidon, sea and river god of the Greeks, equivalent to the Roman Neptune. The hero Bellerophon needed the untamed Pegasus to help him defeat the monster Chimera. Hence, while Pegasus was drinking at the spring Pirene in Corinth, Bellerophon caught him. Pegasus, startled, struck a rock with his hoof, creating the spring Hippocrene on Mount Helicon. The name Pegasides"
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"be exhausted. Aspledon Undae Aspledon Undae is one of the named northern circumpolar dune fields in the vicinity of Planum Boreum, the Martian North pole. It is named after one of the classical albedo features on Mars. Its name was officially approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on 20 March 2007. Its name is Greek, and derives from the name of a town in Boeotia, Ancient Greece, which, in turn, took its name from Aspledon (), son of Poseidon, the ancient Greek god of the sea. The dunes of Aspledon Undae extend from latitude 71.47°N to 75.14°N and from"
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"Aspledon Undae Aspledon Undae is one of the named northern circumpolar dune fields in the vicinity of Planum Boreum, the Martian North pole. It is named after one of the classical albedo features on Mars. Its name was officially approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on 20 March 2007. Its name is Greek, and derives from the name of a town in Boeotia, Ancient Greece, which, in turn, took its name from Aspledon (), son of Poseidon, the ancient Greek god of the sea. The dunes of Aspledon Undae extend from latitude 71.47°N to 75.14°N and from longitude 305.83°E"
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"Greek water deities (Naiad, Nereid); or specific Nereids (Halimede, Galatea, Neso, Sao, Laomedeia, Psamathe). The most recently discovered moon, Neptune XIV, was left unnamed on its official numbering, although its discoverers planned to submit a name continuing this tradition to the International Astronomical Union. Among the names that were considered was Polyphemus, the gigantic one-eyed son of Poseidon and Thoosa. For the ""normal"" irregular satellites, the general convention is to use names ending in ""a"" for prograde satellites, names ending in ""e"" for retrograde satellites, and names ending in ""o"" for exceptionally inclined satellites, exactly like the convention for the"
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"the son of Athamas and Ino. He drowned but was transfigured as the marine deity Palaemon, while his mother became Leucothea. (""cf"" Ino.) At Corinth, he was so closely connected with the cult of Poseidon that the Isthmian Games, originally instituted in Poseidon's honor, came to be looked upon as the funeral games of Melicertes. Phalanthus was another legendary character brought safely to shore (in Italy) on the back of a dolphin, according to Pausanias. Dionysus was once captured by Etruscan pirates who mistook him for a wealthy prince they could ransom. After the ship set sail Dionysus invoked his"
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A bone is joined to a muscle by what tough band of inelastic fibrous tissue?
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"Tendon A tendon or sinew is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments; both are made of collagen. Ligaments join one bone to bone, while tendons connect muscle to bone for a proper functioning of the body. Histologically, tendons consist of dense regular connective tissue fascicles encased in dense irregular connective tissue sheaths. Normal healthy tendons are composed mostly of parallel arrays of collagen fibers closely packed together. They are anchored to bone by Sharpey's fibres. The dry mass of normal tendons, which"
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"Fibrous joint Fibrous joints are connected by dense connective tissue, consisting mainly of collagen. These are fixed joints where bones are united by a layer of white fibrous tissue of varying thickness. In the skull the joints between the bones are called sutures. Such immovable joints are also referred to as synarthroses. Most fibrous joints are also called ""fixed"" or ""immovable"". These joints have no joint cavity and are connected via fibrous connective tissue. The skull bones are connected by fibrous joints called sutures. In fetal skulls the sutures are wide to allow slight movement during birth. They later become"
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"the tissue linking the structures is ligamentous. A gomphosis is a specialized fibrous joint in which a conical process or peg of one bone fits into a hole or socket in another bone. (gomphos is a Greek word meaning bolt). Small quantity of fibrous tissue holds the bones together. No movement is possible at such peg-and-socket joints. Fibrous joint Fibrous joints are connected by dense connective tissue, consisting mainly of collagen. These are fixed joints where bones are united by a layer of white fibrous tissue of varying thickness. In the skull the joints between the bones are called sutures."
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"rigid (synarthrodial). Some of the long bones in the body such as the radius and ulna in the forearm are joined by a syndesmosis (along the interosseous membrane). Syndemoses are slightly moveable (amphiarthrodial). The distal tibiofibular joint is another example. A gomphosis is a joint between the root of a tooth and the socket in the maxilla or mandible (jawbones). A suture is a type of fibrous joint that is only found in the skull. The bones are bound together by Sharpey's fibres. A tiny amount of movement is permitted at sutures, which contributes to the compliance and elasticity of"
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"Sharpey's fibres Sharpey's fibres (bone fibres, or perforating fibres) are a matrix of connective tissue consisting of bundles of strong predominantly type I collagen fibres connecting periosteum to bone. They are part of the outer fibrous layer of periosteum, entering into the outer circumferential and interstitial lamellae of bone tissue. Sharpey's fibres are also used to attach muscle to the periosteum of bone by merging with the fibrous periosteum and underlying bone as well. A good example is the attachment of the rotator cuff muscles to the blade of the scapula. In the teeth, Sharpey's fibres are the terminal ends"
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"Enthesis The enthesis (plural entheses) is the connective tissue between tendon or ligament and bone. There are two types of entheses: ""Fibrous entheses"" and ""fibrocartilaginous entheses"". In a fibrous enthesis, the collagenous tendon or ligament directly attaches to the bone. In a fibrocartilaginous enthesis, the interface presents a gradient that crosses four transition zones: A disease of the entheses is known as an ""enthesopathy"" or ""enthesitis"". Enthetic degeneration is characteristic of spondyloarthropathy and other pathologies. The enthesis is the primary site of disease in ankylosing spondylitis. Entheses are widely recorded in the field of bioarchaeology where the presence of anomalies"
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"Dense connective tissue Dense connective tissue, also called dense fibrous tissue, is a type of connective tissue with fibers as its main matrix element. The fibers are mainly composed of type I collagen. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that generate the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is"
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"unit of skeletal muscle. The sarcomere is a highly structured protein array, consisting of interdigitating thick and thin filaments, where the thin filaments are tethered to a protein structure, the Z-line. The dynamic interaction between the thick and thin filaments results in muscle contraction. Myosin belongs to a family of motor proteins, and the muscle isoforms of this family comprise the thick filament. The thin filament is made of the skeletal muscle isoforms of actin. Each myosin protein 'paddles' along the thin actin filament, repeatedly binding to myosin-binding sites along the actin filament, ratcheting and letting go. In effect, the"
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"Synovial joint A synovial joint, also known as diarthrosis, joins bones with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the joined bones, constitutes the outer boundary of a synovial cavity, and surrounds the bones' articulating surfaces. The synovial cavity/joint is filled with synovial fluid. The joint capsule is made up of an outer layer, the articular capsule, which keeps the bones together structurally, and an inner layer, the synovial membrane, which seals in the synovial fluid. They are the most common and most movable type of joint in the body of a mammal. As with most"
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"arranged in sheets. It is classified as either dense regular connective tissue or dense irregular connective tissue. Dense connective tissue Dense connective tissue, also called dense fibrous tissue, is a type of connective tissue with fibers as its main matrix element. The fibers are mainly composed of type I collagen. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that generate the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than"
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"to muscles. Synovial membranes are found in joint capsules, where they contain synovial fluid, which lubricates joints. Bones are covered by a tough membrane called periosteum, which covers the entire bone excluding areas of articulation. Ligaments attach bone to bone, and are vital in stabilizing joints as well as supporting structures. They are made up of fibrous material that is generally quite strong. Due to their relatively poor blood supply, ligament injuries generally take a long time to heal. Ligaments of the upper body include: Ligaments of the legs include: The axial skeleton contains the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and"
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"most numerous in areas where the bones are subjected to the greatest forces of separation. In the spine, similar fibres join the intervertebral disc to the adjacent vertebrae. Each fibre is accompanied by an arteriole and one or more nerve fibres. Scottish anatomist William Sharpey described them in 1846. Sharpey's fibres Sharpey's fibres (bone fibres, or perforating fibres) are a matrix of connective tissue consisting of bundles of strong predominantly type I collagen fibres connecting periosteum to bone. They are part of the outer fibrous layer of periosteum, entering into the outer circumferential and interstitial lamellae of bone tissue. Sharpey's"
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"Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament The interosseous talocalcaneal ligament forms the chief bond of union between the talus and calcaneus. It is a portion of the united capsules of the talocalcaneonavicular and the talocalcaneal joints, and consists of two partially united layers of fibers, one belonging to the former and the other to the latter joint. It is attached, above, to the groove between the articular facets of the under surface of the talus; below, to a corresponding depression on the upper surface of the calcaneus. It is very thick and strong, being at least 2.5 cm. in breadth from side to"
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"the calcaneal tuberosity then diverge to connect to the bones, ligaments and the dermis of the skin around the distal part of the metatarsal bones. The anterior and posterior intercostal membranes are aponeuroses located between the ribs and are continuations of the external and internal intercostal muscles, respectively. The epicranial aponeurosis is a tough layer of dense fibrous tissue which runs from the frontalis muscle anteriorly to the occipitalis posteriorly. Pennate muscles, in which the muscle fibers are oriented at an angle to the line of action, typically have two aponeuroses. Muscle fibers connect one to the other, and each"
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"a sling or collar around the neck of the femur. Anteriorly they blend with the deep surface of the iliofemoral ligament, and gain an attachment to the anterior inferior iliac spine. The longitudinal fibers are greatest in amount at the upper and front part of the capsule, where they are reinforced by distinct bands, or accessory ligaments, of which the most important is the iliofemoral ligament. The other accessory bands are known as the pubocapsular and the ischiocapsular ligaments. The external surface of the capsule is rough, covered by numerous muscles, and separated in front from the psoas major and"
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"Hard tissue Hard tissue (also termed calcified tissue) is tissue which is mineralized and has a firm intercellular matrix. The hard tissues of humans are bone, tooth enamel, dentin, and cementum. The term is in contrast to soft tissue. Bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebral skeleton. Bones support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals and also enable mobility. Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue. Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have a complex internal and external structure. They"
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"covers the muscle. The fibers converge rapidly toward the lesser sciatic foramen, and end in four or five tendinous bands, which are found on the deep surface of the muscle; these bands are reflected at a right angle over the grooved surface of the ischium between its spine and tuberosity. The tendon inserts on the greater trochanter of the proximal femur. The internal obturator muscle is also innervated by the nerve to internal obturator (L5, S1). This bony surface is covered by smooth cartilage, which is separated from the tendon by a bursa, and presents one or more ridges corresponding"
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"Fascia A fascia (; plural fasciae ; adjective fascial; from Latin: ""band"") is a band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, beneath the skin that attaches, stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscles and other internal organs. Fascia is classified by layer, as ""superficial fascia"", deep fascia, and ""visceral"" or ""parietal"" fascia, or by its function and anatomical location. Like ligaments, aponeuroses, and tendons, fascia is made up of fibrous connective tissue containing closely packed bundles of collagen fibers oriented in a wavy pattern parallel to the direction of pull. Fascia is consequently flexible and able to resist great unidirectional tension"
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"Deep fascia Deep fascia (or investing fascia) is a fascia, a layer of dense connective tissue which can surround individual muscles, and also surround groups of muscles to separate into fascial compartments. This fibrous connective tissue interpenetrates and surrounds the muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels of the body. It provides connection and communication in the form of aponeuroses, ligaments, tendons, retinacula, joint capsules, and septa. The deep fasciae envelop all bone (periosteum and endosteum); cartilage (perichondrium), and blood vessels (tunica externa) and become specialized in muscles (epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium) and nerves (epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium). The high density"
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"in the maxillary bone and mandible. The fibrous connection between a tooth and its socket is a periodontal ligament. Specifically, the connection is made between the maxilla or mandible to the cementum of the tooth. The motion of a gomphosis is minimal, though considerable movement can be achieved over time—the basis of using braces to realign teeth. The joint can be considered a synarthrosis. The gomphosis is the only joint-type in which a bone does not join another bone, as teeth are not technically bone. In modern, more anatomical, joint classification, the gomphosis is simply considered a fibrous joint because"
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"called focal adhesions) in the cell membrane of the smooth muscle cell, called the sarcolemma. The adherens junctions consist of large number of proteins including α-actinin, vinculin and cytoskeletal actin. The adherens junctions are scattered around ""dense bands"" that are circumfering the smooth muscle cell in a rib-like pattern. The dense band (or dense plaques) areas alternate with regions of membrane containing numerous caveolae. When complexes of actin and myosin contract, force is transduced to the sarcolemma through intermediate filaments attaching to such dense bands. During contraction, there is a spatial reorganization of the contractile machinery to optimize force development."
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"Constrictores pharyngis. Pharyngobasilar fascia The pharyngeal aponeurosis (or pharyngobasilar fascia, or fibrous coat), is situated between the mucous and muscular layers. It is thick above where the muscular fibers are wanting, and is firmly connected to the basilar portion of the occipital and the petrous portions of the temporal bones. As it descends it diminishes in thickness, and is gradually lost. It is strengthened posteriorly by a strong fibrous band, which is attached above to the pharyngeal spine on the under surface of the basilar portion of the occipital bone, and passes downward, forming a median raphé, which gives attachment"
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"to bones. The extra-cellular connective tissue between muscle fibers binds to tendons at the distal and proximal ends, and the tendon binds to the periosteum of individual bones at the muscle's origin and insertion. As muscles contract, tendons transmit the forces to the relatively rigid bones, pulling on them and causing movement. Tendons can stretch substantially, allowing them to function as springs during locomotion, thereby saving energy. Joints are structures that connect individual bones and may allow bones to move against each other to cause movement. There are three divisions of joints, diarthroses which allow extensive mobility between two or"
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"sits lateral and congruent to the middle facet. The posterior facet is the largest of the three, and separated from the others by the tarsal canal. The main ligament of the joint is the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament, a thick, strong band of two partially joined fibers that bind the talus and calcaneus. It runs through the sinus tarsi, a canal between the articulations of the two bones. There are four additional ligaments that form weaker connections between the talus and calcaneus. A synovial membrane lines the capsule of the joint, and the joint is wrapped in a capsule of short"
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"side, and serves to bind the calcaneus and talus firmly together. Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament The interosseous talocalcaneal ligament forms the chief bond of union between the talus and calcaneus. It is a portion of the united capsules of the talocalcaneonavicular and the talocalcaneal joints, and consists of two partially united layers of fibers, one belonging to the former and the other to the latter joint. It is attached, above, to the groove between the articular facets of the under surface of the talus; below, to a corresponding depression on the upper surface of the calcaneus. It is very thick and"
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"tendons. In turn, the tendons connect to the periosteum layer surrounding the bones, permitting the transfer of force from the muscles to the skeleton. Together, these fibrous layers, along with tendons and ligaments, constitute the deep fascia of the body. The muscular system consists of all the muscles present in a single body. There are approximately 650 skeletal muscles in the human body, but an exact number is difficult to define. The difficulty lies partly in the fact that different sources group the muscles differently and partly in that some muscles, such as palmaris longus, are not always present. A"
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"and bones by indirect attachment. The elastic fiber of collagen is the major protein that composes connective tissues like endomysium. Endomysium has been shown to contain mainly type I and type III collagen components, and type IV and type V in very minor amounts. The term cardiac skeleton is sometimes considered synonymous with endomysium in the heart, but cardiac skeleton also refers to the combination of the endomysium and perimysium. Anti-endomysial antibodies (EMA) are present in celiac disease. They do not cause any direct symptoms to muscles, but detection of EMA is useful in the diagnosis of the disease. Endomysium"
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"Pharyngobasilar fascia The pharyngeal aponeurosis (or pharyngobasilar fascia, or fibrous coat), is situated between the mucous and muscular layers. It is thick above where the muscular fibers are wanting, and is firmly connected to the basilar portion of the occipital and the petrous portions of the temporal bones. As it descends it diminishes in thickness, and is gradually lost. It is strengthened posteriorly by a strong fibrous band, which is attached above to the pharyngeal spine on the under surface of the basilar portion of the occipital bone, and passes downward, forming a median raphé, which gives attachment to the"
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"of a broad aponeurosis, into the linea aspera and the upper part of its medial prolongation below. The medial portion of the muscle, composed principally of the fibers arising from the tuberosity of the ischium, forms a thick fleshy mass consisting of coarse bundles which descend almost vertically, and end about the lower third of the thigh in a rounded tendon which is inserted into the adductor tubercle on the medial condyle of the femur, and is connected by a fibrous expansion to the line leading upward from the tubercle to the linea aspera. By its anterior surface the adductor"
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"fibrous expansion from the gluteus maximus, and where the tensor fasciae latae is inserted between its layers; it is very thin behind and at the upper and medial part, where it covers the adductor muscles, and again becomes stronger around the knee, receiving fibrous expansions from the tendon of the biceps femoris laterally, from the sartorius medially, and from the quadriceps femoris in front. The fascia lata surrounds the tensor fasciae latae muscle. It is a fibrous sheath that encircles the thigh subcutaneously. This encircling of the muscle allows the muscles to be bound together tightly. The fascia lata is"
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"are intricately woven and endlessly remodeled by a group of specialized bone cells. Their unique composition and design allows bones to be relatively hard and strong, while remaining lightweight. Bone matrix is 90 to 95% composed of elastic collagen fibers, also known as ossein, and the remainder is ground substance. The elasticity of collagen improves fracture resistance. The matrix is hardened by the binding of inorganic mineral salt calcium phosphate in a chemical arrangement known as calcium hydroxylapatite. It is the bone mineralization that give bones rigidity. Bone is actively constructed and remodeled throughout life by special bone cells known"
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"wrist, the radius forms a joint with the ulna bone. The corresponding bone in the lower leg is the fibula. The long narrow medullary cavity is enclosed in a strong wall of compact bone. It is thickest along the interosseous border and thinnest at the extremities, same over the cup-shaped articular surface (fovea) of the head. The trabeculae of the spongy tissue are somewhat arched at the upper end and pass upward from the compact layer of the shaft to the ""fovea capituli"" (the humerus's cup-shaped articulatory notch); they are crossed by others parallel to the surface of the fovea."
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"which forms the thick filament, and actin, which forms the thin filament. Myosin has a long, fibrous tail and a globular head, which binds to actin. The myosin head also binds to ATP, which is the source of energy for muscle movement. Myosin can only bind to actin when the binding sites on actin are exposed by calcium ions. Actin molecules are bound to the Z line, which forms the borders of the sarcomere. Other bands appear when the sarcomere is relaxed. A muscle fiber from a biceps muscle may contain 100,000 sarcomeres. The myofibrils of smooth muscle cells are"
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Which president’s policy was to “speak softly and carry a big stick”?
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"for a nation to own the islands which border its shores."" A year later, Roosevelt wrote, At the conclusion of the Russo-Japanese War in September 1905, President Roosevelt leveraged his position as a strong but impartial leader in order to negotiate a peace treaty between the two nations. """"Speaking softly"""" earned the President enough prestige to even merit a Nobel Peace Prize the following year for his efforts. Big Stick ideology Big stick ideology, big stick diplomacy, or big stick policy refers to U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy: ""speak softly and carry a big stick."" Roosevelt described his style"
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"basking in peace and prosperity, the voters gave McKinley an even larger victory than that which he had achieved in 1896. After the campaign, Roosevelt took office as vice president in March 1901. The office of Vice President was a powerless sinecure and did not suit Roosevelt's aggressive temperament. Roosevelt's six months as Vice President were uneventful, and Roosevelt presided over the Senate for a mere four days before it adjourned. On September 2, 1901, Roosevelt first publicized an aphorism that thrilled his supporters at the Minnesota State Fair: ""Speak softly and carry a big stick, and you will go"
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"diplomacy, as used in international politics by imperial powers. Roosevelt (then Governor of New York) to Henry L. Sprague, dated January 26, 1900. Roosevelt wrote, in a bout of happiness after forcing New York's Republican committee to pull support away from a corrupt financial adviser:published in the ""Brooklyn Daily Eagle"" on April 1, 1900, a reporter noted that ""His motto, he says, he has taken from the South African people: 'Speak softly— carry a big stick— and you will go far. Roosevelt would go on to be elected Vice President later that year, and subsequently used the aphorism publicly in"
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"and then left Congress not to debate the canal, but to debate me."" Several parties in the United States called this an act of war on Colombia: The ""New York Times"" described the support given by the United States to Bunau-Varilla as an ""act of sordid conquest."" The ""New York Evening Post"" called it a ""vulgar and mercenary venture."" The US maneuvers are often cited as the classic example of US gunboat diplomacy in Latin America, and the best illustration of what Roosevelt meant by the old African adage, ""Speak softly and carry a big stick [and] you will go"
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"personality: ""When he wished he were elsewhere, he pursed his lips, folded his arms, and said nothing. He looked then precisely as though he had been weaned on a pickle."" As president, Coolidge's reputation as a quiet man continued. ""The words of a President have an enormous weight,"" he would later write, ""and ought not to be used indiscriminately."" Coolidge was aware of his stiff reputation; indeed, he cultivated it. ""I think the American people want a solemn ass as a President,"" he once told Ethel Barrymore, ""and I think I will go along with them."" Some historians would later"
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"deep isolationism, rejecting international conferences, and focusing moment mostly on reciprocal tariff agreements with smaller countries of Latin America. President Roosevelt tried to avoid repeating what he saw as Woodrow Wilson's mistakes in World War I. He often made exactly the opposite decision. Wilson called for neutrality in thought and deed, while Roosevelt made it clear his administration strongly favored Britain and China. Unlike the loans in World War I, the United States made large-scale grants of military and economic aid to the Allies through Lend-Lease, with little expectation of repayment. Wilson did not greatly expand war production before the"
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"to a compromise, but maintained the blockade, during negotiations over the details of refinacial the debt on Washington Protocols. This incident was a major driver of the Roosevelt Corollary and the subsequent U.S. Big Stick policy and Dollar Diplomacy in Latin America. In 1907–09, President Theodore Roosevelt sent the ""Great White Fleet"" on an international tour, to demonstrate the power projection of the United States' blue-water navy, which had become second only to the Royal Navy in size and firepower. The United States had a policy of strict neutrality. The United States was willing to export any product to any"
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"Hadrian's Wall was a symbol of this policy. The first American President, George Washington, enunciated a policy of peace through strength in his fifth annual message to Congress, the 1793 State of the Union Address. He said: In Federalist No. 24, Alexander Hamilton argued for peace through strength, stating that strong garrisons in the west and a navy in the east would protect the Union from the threat of Britain and Spain. ""Peace Through Strength"" (1952) is the title of a book about a defense plan by Bernard Baruch, a World War II adviser to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt,"
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"consider Latin America as an agency for expanding U.S. commercial interests in the region, along with its original stated purpose of keeping European hegemony from the hemisphere. In essence, Roosevelt's Monroe Doctrine would be the basis for a use of economic and military hegemony to make the U.S. the dominant power in the Western Hemisphere. The new doctrine was a frank statement that the U.S. was willing to seek leverage over Latin American governments by acting as an international police power in the region. This announcement has been described as the policy of ""speaking softly but carrying a big stick"","
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"opposition vote was split successfully, with 80% of George Wallace supporters voting for Nixon rather than George McGovern, unlike Wallace himself. Nixon's use of the phrase was part of his strategy to divide Americans and to polarize them into two groups. He used ""divide and conquer"" tactics to win his political battles, and in 1971 he directed Agnew to speak about ""positive polarization"" of the electorate. The ""silent majority"" shared Nixon's anxieties and fears that normalcy was being eroded by changes in society. The other group was composed of intellectuals, cosmopolitans, professionals and liberals, those willing to ""live and let"
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"United States and then to begin holding meetings internationally. As a result of the meeting, Lindsay rejoined Branham's campaigning team. Most revivalists of the era were flamboyant but Branham was usually calm and spoke quietly, only occasionally raising his voice. His preaching style was described as ""halting and simple"", and crowds were drawn to his stories of angelic visitation and ""constant communication with God"". He refused to discuss controversial doctrinal issues during the early years of his campaigns, and issued a policy statement that he would only minister on the ""great evangelical truths"". He insisted his calling was to bring"
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"I must confess, without any disguise, that the prevalence of those two odious practices of chewing and expectorating began about this time to be anything but agreeable, and soon became most offensive and sickening. In Washington, D.C., he called upon President John Tyler in the White House, writing that: ...he looked somewhat worn and anxious, and well he might; being at war with everybody – but the expression of his face was mild and pleasant, and his manner was remarkably unaffected, gentlemanly, and agreeable. I thought that in his whole carriage and demeanour, he became his station singularly well. Although"
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"Chance for Peace speech The Chance for Peace speech, also known as the Cross of Iron speech, was an address given by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower on April 16, 1953, shortly after the death of Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin. Speaking only three months into his presidency, Eisenhower likened arms spending to stealing from the people, and evoked William Jennings Bryan in describing ""humanity hanging from a cross of iron."" Although Eisenhower, a former military man, spoke against increased military spending, the Cold War deepened during his administration and political pressures for increased military spending mounted. By the time he"
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"pay their debts to European and US banks and business interests. This was also referred to as the Big Stick ideology because of the phrase from president Roosevelt to """"speak low and carry a big stick""."" The Roosevelt corollary provoked outrage across Latin America. The Roosevelt Corollary was invoked to intervene militarily in Latin America to stop the spread of European influence. It was the most significant amendment to the original doctrine and was widely opposed by critics, who argued that the Monroe Doctrine was originally meant to stop European influence in the Americas. They argued that the Corollary simply"
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"was controlled by Democrats and he hoped to take control of the Senate in the 1970 midterm elections. Worried that Agnew was too divisive a figure, Nixon and his aides initially planned to restrict Agnew's role to fundraising and the giving of a standard stump speech that would avoid personal attacks. The president believed that appealing to white, middle- and lower-class voters on social issues would lead to Republican victories in November. He planned not to do any active campaigning, but to remain above the fray and let Agnew campaign as spokesman for the Silent Majority. On September 10 in"
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"In January 1977, four years prior to becoming president, Reagan bluntly stated, in a conversation with Richard V. Allen, his basic expectation in relation to the Cold War. ""My idea of American policy toward the Soviet Union is simple, and some would say simplistic,"" he said. ""It is this: We win and they lose. What do you think of that?"" Although a similar policy of ""rollback"" had been considered on a few occasions during the Cold War, the U.S. government, fearing an escalation of the Cold War and possible nuclear conflict, chose not to confront the Soviet Union directly. With"
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"American trade policy relied on high tariffs under the Republicans, and reciprocal trade agreements under the Democrats, but in any case exports were at very low levels in the 1930s. The United States adopted a non-interventionist foreign policy from 1932 to 1938, but then President Franklin D. Roosevelt moved toward strong support of the Allies in their wars against Germany and Japan. As a result of intense internal debate, the national policy was one of becoming the Arsenal of Democracy, that is financing and equipping the Allied armies without sending American combat soldiers. Roosevelt mentioned four fundamental freedoms, which ought"
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"party unto himself, disagreeing with the Federalists as much as he did the Jeffersonian Republicans. He was often described as ""prickly"", but his tenacity was fed by good decisions made in the face of universal opposition. Adams was often combative, which diminished presidential decorum, as Adams himself admitted in his old age: ""[As president] I refused to suffer in silence. I sighed, sobbed, and groaned, and sometimes screeched and screamed. And I must confess to my shame and sorrow that I sometimes swore."" Adams' resolve to advance peace with France, rather than to continue hostilities, especially reduced his popularity. This"
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"time and it is where he makes a lot of tough decisions regarding the country. It is also where the President will communicate national news such as terrorist attacks and each President usually gives their Farewell Speech in the Oval Office. The first Oval Office address was delivered to the nation by President Herbert Hoover, who spoke on peace efforts and arms reduction throughout the world. President Dwight D. Eisenhower used the format in 1957 to inform the United States of his decision to send troops to Little Rock to enforce school desegregation. Being only the second ever televised address"
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"system of tariffs. n his 1907 State of the Union speech, he said: He spent years calling for income taxation, including during his run for the presidency in 1912 in his New Nationalism speech. Political positions of Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) was the 26th President of the United States (1901–1909) and also served as Governor of New York and Vice President. He is known for becoming a leading spokesman for his version of progressivism after 1890. However, author Daniel Ruddy argues in his book ""Theodore the Great: Conservative Crusader"" that Roosevelt was actually a ""populist conservative"" and a ""Hamiltonian""—a"
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"pragmatic and personalist approach to solve political conflicts. Although a political liberal who had stood with radical liberals in Oaxaca (rojos), he was not a liberal ideologue, preferring pragmatic approaches towards political issues. He was explicit about his pragmatism. He maintained control through generous patronage to political allies. Although he was an authoritarian ruler, he maintained the structure of elections, so that there was the façade of liberal democracy. His administration became famous for suppression of civil society and public revolts. One of the catch phrases of his later terms in office was the choice between ""pan o palo"", (""bread"
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"era of peace and prosperity at home and urged a vigorous assertion of U.S. interests in its foreign relations, including the ""eminently important"" acquisition of new territories. ""The policy of my Administration"", said the new president, ""will not be deterred by any timid forebodings of evil from expansion."" Avoiding the word ""slavery"", he emphasized his desire to put the ""important subject"" to rest and maintain a peaceful union. He alluded to his own personal tragedy, telling the crowd, ""You have summoned me in my weakness, you must sustain me by your strength."" In his Cabinet appointments, Pierce sought to unite"
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"despite it being ""not a healthy thing to have."" Cannabis policy of the Gerald Ford administration During the administration of American President Gerald Ford (1974–1977), the president moderated the strict anti-cannabis stance of his predecessor, resigned president Richard Nixon, though this did not result in any significant weakening of federal cannabis policy. In contrast with Nixon's harsh policies, Ford advocated instead reducing the harms associated with drug use. Ford struck a more conciliatory tone, identifying drug users as victims of traffickers, rather than criminals. Ford retained White House ""Drug Czar"" Robert DuPont, originally appointed by Nixon. Unlike Nixon, Ford did"
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"point of his rhetorical powers, delivered the commencement address at American University in Washington, D.C. Also known as ""A Strategy of Peace"", not only did the President outline a plan to curb nuclear arms, but he also ""laid out a hopeful, yet realistic route for world peace at a time when the U.S. and Soviet Union faced the potential for an escalating nuclear arms race."" The President wished: to discuss a topic on which too often ignorance abounds and the truth is too rarely perceived—yet it is the most important topic on earth: world peace ... I speak of peace"
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"the sentiment that the development of new journalistic media such as television supplanted governmental authority in attaining the support of the American public during the Vietnam War has been accepted and upheld by many scholars through present day. On 3 November 1969, President Richard M. Nixon made a televised speech laying out his policy toward Vietnam. He promised to continue to support the South Vietnamese government (through Vietnamization) and held out a plan for the withdrawal of American combat troops. This ""silent majority"" speech, not the Tet Offensive, marked the real watershed of the American involvement. In it, Nixon permanently"
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"Kennedy Doctrine The Kennedy Doctrine refers to foreign policy initiatives of the 35th President of the United States, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, towards Latin America during his administration between 1961 and 1963. Kennedy voiced support for the containment of communism as well as the reversal of communist progress in the Western Hemisphere. In his Inaugural Address on January 20, 1961, President Kennedy presented the American public with a blueprint upon which the future foreign policy initiatives of his administration would later follow and come to represent. In this Address, Kennedy warned """"Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or"
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"was to win the election by avoiding discussion of difficult national issues such as slavery or the national bank and concentrate instead on exploiting dissatisfaction over the failed policies of the Van Buren administration with colorful campaigning techniques. Harrison was the first president to campaign actively for office. He did so with the slogan ""Tippecanoe and Tyler too"". Tippecanoe referred to Harrison's military victory over a group of Shawnee Indians at a river in Indiana called Tippecanoe in 1811. For their part, Democrats laughed at Harrison for being too old for the presidency, and referred to him as ""Granny"", hinting"
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"victory. The chaos of 1968, a bitterly divided Democratic Party, and bad blood between the new Left and the liberals, gave Nixon the presidency. Nixon rhetorically attacked liberals, but in practice he enacted many liberal policies and represented the more liberal wing of the GOP. Nixon established the Environmental Protection Agency by executive order, expanded the national endowments for the arts and the humanities, began affirmative action policies, opened diplomatic relations with Communist China, starting the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks to reduce ballistic missile availability, and turned the war over to South Vietnam. He withdrew all American combat troops by"
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"President Dwight D. Eisenhower. After determining that the speech was authentic, the CIA leaked the speech to ""The New York Times"" in early June. While Khrushchev was not hesitant to point out the flaws in Stalinist practice in regard to the purges of the army and Party and the management of the Great Patriotic War (i.e., the USSR's involvement in World War II), he was very careful to avoid any criticism of Stalin's industrialization policy or Communist Party ideology. Khrushchev was a staunch party man, and he lauded Leninism and Communist ideology in his speech as often as he condemned"
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"for his American troops while he suggested that the Australian troops should continue clearing and rounding up the Japanese from New Guinea, New Britain, Borneo and Bougainville. President Roosevelt tried to avoid repeating what he saw as Woodrow Wilson's mistakes in World War I. He often made exactly the opposite decision. Wilson called for neutrality in thought and deed, while Roosevelt made it clear his administration strongly favored Britain and China. Unlike the loans in World War I, the United States made large-scale grants of military and economic aid to the Allies through Lend-Lease, with little expectation of repayment. Wilson"
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"As president, he sought to ease partisan tensions, embarking on a tour of the country that was well received. Monroe sought to appease the antagonisms and bridge the divisions that had marked American political life since the War of 1812, quietly using his influence as president to encourage compromises and endorsing a consensual form of American patriotism. This method of leadership led historian William E. Weeks to name him the first American ""hidden hand president"" in reference to Eisenhower's similar practices. With the ratification of the Treaty of 1818 under the successful diplomacy of his Secretary of State John Quincy"
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"administration, to which Ford agreed. A proponent of ""Realpolitik"", Kissinger played a dominant role in United States foreign policy between 1969 and 1977. In that period, he extended the policy of ""détente"". This policy led to a significant relaxation in US–Soviet tensions and played a crucial role in 1971 talks with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai. The talks concluded with a rapprochement between the United States and the People's Republic of China, and the formation of a new strategic anti-Soviet Sino-American alignment. He was jointly awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize with Lê Đức Thọ for helping to establish a ceasefire"
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"Political positions of Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) was the 26th President of the United States (1901–1909) and also served as Governor of New York and Vice President. He is known for becoming a leading spokesman for his version of progressivism after 1890. However, author Daniel Ruddy argues in his book ""Theodore the Great: Conservative Crusader"" that Roosevelt was actually a ""populist conservative"" and a ""Hamiltonian""—a conservative in the eighteenth century sense of the word. Similarly, Francis Fukuyama identifies Roosevelt, together with Alexander Hamilton, as part of a tradition of a strong-state conservatism in the United States. In an 1894"
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What famous Christmas icon was created by Montgomery Ward employee Robert L. May in 1939 for one of their catalogs?
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"1930s, Montgomery Ward had become the country's largest retailer and Sewell Avery became the company's chief executive officer. In 1939, as part of a Christmas promotional campaign, staff copywriter Robert L. May created the character and illustrated poem of ""Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer."" The store distributed six-million copies of the storybook in 1946 and actor and singer Gene Autry popularized the song nationally. In 1946, the Grolier Club, a society of bibliophiles in New York City, exhibited the Wards catalog alongside ""Webster's Dictionary"" as one of 100 American books chosen for their influence on life and culture of the people."
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"the 1930s, May moved to Chicago and took a job as a low-paid in-house advertising copywriter for Montgomery Ward. In early 1939, May’s boss at Montgomery Ward asked him to write a “cheery” Christmas book for shoppers and suggested that an animal be the star of the book. Montgomery Ward had been buying and giving away coloring books for Christmas every year and it was decided that creating their own book would save money and be a nice good-will gesture. May’s wife, Evelyn, had contracted cancer in 1937 and was quite ill as he started on the book in early"
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"owned by The Rudolph Company, LP and has been adapted in numerous forms including a popular song, the iconic 1964 television special and sequels, and and sequel. Character Arts, LLC manages the licensing for the Rudolph Company, LP. In many countries, Rudolph has become a figure of Christmas folklore. 2014 marked the 75th anniversary of the character and the 50th anniversary of the television special. A series of postage stamps featuring Rudolph was issued by the United States Postal Service on November 6, 2014. Robert L. May created Rudolph in 1939 as an assignment for Chicago-based Montgomery Ward. The retailer"
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"National Historic Landmark in 1978 and a Chicago historic landmark in May 2000. In the decades before 1930, Montgomery Ward built a network of large distribution centers across the country in Baltimore, Fort Worth, Kansas City, St. Paul, Portland, and Oakland. In most cases, these reinforced concrete structures were the largest industrial structures in their respective locations. The Baltimore Montgomery Ward Warehouse and Retail Store was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. Ward died in 1913, after 41 years running the catalog business. The company president, William C. Thorne (the eldest son of the co-founder), died"
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"on its website, including Devonshire Collection, Apothecarie Collection and Elysian Forest Collection furniture, Chef Tested kitchen products, Comfort Creek towels and sheets, Freshica shoes, Sleep Connection bedding, and Color Connection window treatments. Notes Montgomery Ward Montgomery Ward Inc. is the name of two historically distinct American retail enterprises. It can refer either to the defunct mail order and department store retailer, which operated between 1872 and 2001, or to the current catalog and online retailer also known as Wards. Montgomery Ward was founded by Aaron Montgomery Ward in 1872. Ward had conceived of the idea of a dry goods mail-order"
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"August Imgard Augustus ""August"" Imgard (1828-1904) was a German immigrant who has been recognized as an early proponent in popularizing the Christmas tree in the United States. He has also been credited with being the first to decorate it with candy canes. August Imgard emigrated from the Bavarian mountains of Germany to Wooster, Ohio before he was 20 years old and started a tailoring business. In 1847, Imgard cut a blue spruce tree from a woods outside town, had the village tinsmith construct a star, and placed the tree in his house, decorating it with paper ornaments, gilded nuts and"
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"Reindeer, the 9th and lead reindeer immortalized in a Gene Autry song, written by a Montgomery Ward copywriter. By the end of the 20th century, the reality of mass mechanized production became more fully accepted by the Western public. Elves had been portrayed as using assembly lines to produce toys early in the 20th century. That shift was reflected in the modern depiction of Santa's residence—now often humorously portrayed as a fully mechanized production and distribution facility, equipped with the latest manufacturing technology, and overseen by the elves with Santa and Mrs. Claus as executives or managers. An excerpt from"
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"against Merdel's ""carom"" game. There was a lawsuit filed against Montgomery Ward & Company in 1969 by Affiliated, owner of the original carroms game. The lawsuit alleged that Montgomery Ward's Christmas catalog and newspaper ads misrepresented the carrom name by marketing a similar product made by Merdel with the name ""carom"" with one ""r"" to mislead the public. The lawsuit claimed that Montgomery Ward salespeople were representing to the public that what they were buying was the genuine original game of carroms, which was not correct. Their stores were in fact selling the copied reproduction of the game that was"
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"with Montgomery Ward. The song tells the story of a reindeer whose shiny red nose guides Santa's sleigh through the fog on Christmas Eve. Gene Autry's 1949 recording remained at #1 for a week and brought the song widespread fame. Only ""White Christmas"" has sold more copies. Autry had another hit in 1950 with ""Frosty the Snowman"", written by Jack Rollins and Steve Nelson as a direct attempt to create a success in the vein of ""Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer"". The song tells the story of a magical snowman who has playful adventures with children. In 1963, ""Frosty"" hit its"
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"""Charlie and the Chocolate Factory,"" Paddington Bear, ""The Night Before Christmas,"" ""Harry Potter,"" and ""Cinderella."" Annually a three-story tall conifer Christmas tree is brought in for the Holidays season. In an effort to quell opposition to the merger/ conversion, Macy's made a formal statement of its intent to continue the traditions of a Christmas tree, a seventh floor ""Frango"" viewing kitchen, and animated holiday window displays. On November 3, 1945, American illustrator Norman Rockwell drew a picture of one of the Marshall Field's Building clocks on the cover of the famous """"Saturday Evening Post"""" magazine, entitled """"The Clock Mender"""". The"
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"was pondering how best to craft a Christmas story about a reindeer, while staring out his office window in downtown Chicago, a thick fog from Lake Michigan blocked his view—giving him a flash of inspiration. ""Suddenly I had it!"" he recalled. ""A nose! A bright red nose that would shine through fog like a spotlight."" The cultural significance of a red nose has changed since the story's publication. In 1930s popular culture, a bright red nose was closely associated with chronic alcoholism and drunkards, so the story idea was initially rejected. May asked his illustrator friend at Montgomery Ward, Denver"
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"assignment in light of his wife’s death. May refused and completed the poem in August 1939. The Rudolph poem booklet was first distributed during the 1939 holiday season. Shoppers loved the poem and 2.4 million copies were distributed. War time restrictions on paper use prevented a re-issue until 1946. In that year, another 3.6 million copies were distributed to Montgomery Ward shoppers. In 1946, May received an offer from a company that wanted to do a spoken-word record of the poem. May could not give his approval (and be compensated) because Montgomery Ward held the rights to the poem. In"
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"a Christmas tree. August Imgard, a German immigrant living in Wooster, Ohio, is said to be the first to popularize the practice of decorating a tree with candy canes. In 1847, Imgard cut a blue spruce tree from a woods outside town, had the Wooster village tinsmith construct a star, and placed the tree in his house, decorating it with paper ornaments, gilded nuts and Kuchen. German immigrant Charles Minnegerode accepted a position as a professor of humanities at the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1842, where he taught Latin and Greek. Entering into the social"
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"departments, events, and displays earned the company media coverage and drew thousands of visitors to Ayres with the hope they would stay and shop. On the night before Thanksgiving in 1947, a bronze cherub appeared on the Indianapolis flagship store's large, outdoor clock at the corner of Meridian and Washington Streets. The three-foot cherub remained on the clock until Christmas, beginning an annual holiday tradition. Ayres was also known for beautiful Christmas decorations, especially its elaborate window displays. Planned months in advance, these holiday windows had a different theme each year. The store expanded its holiday area to include toy"
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"Kuchen. It stood on a slowly revolving platform while a music box played and people came from miles around to view it. Imgard died in 1904, is buried in the Wooster Cemetery, and every year, a large pine tree above his grave is lit with Christmas lights. Although no longer credited as the first to introduce the Christmas tree to America, Imgard is still recognized as an early proponent. The National Confectioners Association also recognizes Imgard as the first to put candy canes on a Christmas tree; the canes were white, with no red stripes. August Imgard Augustus ""August"" Imgard"
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"of the initial retail outlets constructed by the Montgomery Ward Company. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. This is an impressive example of Art Deco style architecture which includes two-story bay windows and pilasters, bands of glazed terra-cotta panels and a female figure holding a torch. This image was a standard Montgomery Ward logo known as the “Spirit of Progress.” The building suffered a major fire on December 20, 1936 but was renovated and the business thrived until Montgomery Ward went out of business in the early 1980s. The entire building was remodeled into"
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"Montgomery Ward Montgomery Ward Inc. is the name of two historically distinct American retail enterprises. It can refer either to the defunct mail order and department store retailer, which operated between 1872 and 2001, or to the current catalog and online retailer also known as Wards. Montgomery Ward was founded by Aaron Montgomery Ward in 1872. Ward had conceived of the idea of a dry goods mail-order business in Chicago, Illinois, after several years of working as a traveling salesman among rural customers. He observed that rural customers often wanted ""city"" goods, but their only access to them was through"
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"had been buying and giving away coloring books for Christmas every year and it was decided that creating their own book would save money. Robert May considered naming the reindeer ""Rollo"" or ""Reginald"" before deciding upon using the name ""Rudolph"". In its first year of publication, Montgomery Ward distributed 2.4 million copies of Rudolph's story. The story is written as a poem in anapestic tetrameter, the same meter as ""A Visit from St. Nicholas"" (also known as ""'Twas the Night Before Christmas""). Publication and reprint rights for the book ""Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer"" are controlled by Pearson PLC. While May"
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"Gregory died on December 2, 2001. His family continues to operate the company, and Gregory's profile, with a cigar and his ""Ribs King"" crown, remains a part of the company logo. In 2009, Montgomery Inn opened a new restaurant just north of Columbus, along the Scioto River in Dublin, Ohio. In January 2017, the restaurant in Dublin closed. Closure of the Fort Mitchell location was announced on July 1, 2018. Montgomery Inn Montgomery Inn is a barbecue restaurant chain based in the Cincinnati suburb of Montgomery, Ohio, United States. It is best known for its specialty, loin back ribs, and"
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"Aluminum Christmas tree An aluminum Christmas tree is a type of artificial Christmas tree that was popular in the United States from 1958 until about the mid-1960s. As its name suggests, the tree is made of aluminum, featuring foil needles and illumination from below via a rotating color wheel. The aluminum Christmas tree was used as symbol of the commercialization of Christmas in the highly acclaimed and successful 1965 television special, ""A Charlie Brown Christmas"", which discredited its suitability as holiday decoration. By the mid-2000s aluminum trees found a secondary market online, often selling for high premiums. The trees have"
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"1933, Sears, Roebuck and Co. produced the first of its famous Christmas catalogs known as the ""Sears Wishbook"", a catalog featuring toys and gifts and separate from the annual Christmas Catalog. From 1908 to 1940, Sears also sold kit houses by mail order, selling 70,000 to 75,000 such homes, many of which are still lived in today. By creating a direct marketing industry through the mail order catalogue, Pryce Pryce-Jones and Aaron Montgomery Ward enabled the creation of a powerful global network that came to include everything from mail order, to telemarketing and social media. Mail order changed the worldwide"
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"nearest railroad station. The only thing he lacked was capital. None of Ward's friends or business acquaintances joined in his enthusiasm for his revolutionary idea. Although his idea was generally considered to border on lunacy and his first inventory was destroyed by the Great Chicago Fire, Ward persevered. In August 1872, with two fellow employees and a total capital of $1,600 he formed Montgomery Ward & Company. He rented a small shipping room on Normandy lane trail fleet and published a general merchandise mail-order catalog with 163 products listed. It is said that in 1880, Aaron Montgomery Ward initially wrote"
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"hundreds of thousands in yearly pension premiums to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. Employees and retirees vested in the pension plan were given a choice of receiving an annuity from an insurance company or a lump sum payment. Four of the six massive catalog distribution centers Montgomery Ward built between 1921 and 1929 remain. Three have been subject to renovations for adaptive reuse and the buildings are perhaps the most tangible legacy of Montgomery Ward. Two others have been demolished for various types of redevelopment. At its height, the original Montgomery Ward was one of the largest retailers in the"
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"heart of Montgomery Ward's operations. Completed in 1908, the eight-story building was painted white and capped with a flat roof, with an interior that contained miles of chutes, conveyors, and storage lofts within ceiling heights ranging from 12 to . The west facade, following a bend in the river, is almost long and a single floor covers . At one time the building had its own post office branch and a ground-floor shipping platform that could accommodate 24 railroad freight cars. The Catalog House was designated a Chicago Landmark on May 17, 2000. In later years, Montgomery Ward and Company"
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"animated Christmas special created specifically for television, ""Mister Magoo's Christmas Carol"". Based on Dickens' novelette, ""A Christmas Carol"", the animated special featured a score by Broadway duo Jule Styne and Bob Merrill. On December 6, 1964, NBC aired ""Rudolph the Red–Nosed Reindeer"", a stop motion animated special produced by Rankin/Bass. The special was based on a 1949 song by Johnny Marks, which was based in turn on a 1939 poem by Robert L. May. The program has aired every year since 1964, making it the longest-running Christmas television special. On December 9, 1965, CBS aired ""A Charlie Brown Christmas"" then"
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"first manufactured by Modern Coatings, Inc. of Chicago. Between 1959 and 1969, the bulk of aluminum Christmas trees were produced in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, by the Aluminum Specialty Company; in that decade the company produced more than one million aluminum trees. At the time they were produced in Manitowoc the trees, including the company's flagship product the ""Evergleam"", retailed for $25 and wholesaled for $11.25. During the 1960s, the aluminum Christmas tree enjoyed its most popular period of usage. As the mid-1960s passed, the aluminum Christmas tree began to fall out of favor, with many thrown away or relegated to basements"
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"Christmas tree displays, hoping to increase demand among small boys for toy trains as Christmas gifts. Lionel was soon the largest of three American toy train manufacturers, and for a short time in the early 1950s, Lionel was the largest toy manufacturer in the world. However, by the mid-1950s, public interest had shifted from trains to airplanes and slot cars. Cowen retired in 1959, selling his 55,000 shares of Lionel stock to his great-nephew Roy Cohn. He died September 8, 1965 in Palm Beach, Florida. He is buried in Union Field Cemetery, a Jewish cemetery maintained for the Congregation of"
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"Red-Nosed Reindeer"" and the animated 1964 version. It was based on Robert L. May's 1939 story, rather than the song. The 1964 film more closely resembles the song rather than the original story. This short film was created to advertise Montgomery Ward department stores, the publisher of the original story. The original release included a credit for the company, and it lacked the ""Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer"" song, with the opening credits instead playing over an instrumental version of Silent Night, Holy Night. The 1951 re-release of the film added a choral version of the song to the credits"
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"Macy's Great Tree The Rich's Great Tree, now the Macy's Great Tree (and briefly the Great Tree at Macy's), was a large tall cut pine Christmas tree that had been an Atlanta tradition since 1948. As of 2013, the tree has been replaced by a much smaller artificial one in the parking lot, which was then moved back to the roof for 2014. Beginning in 1948, the Rich's department store put a large pine tree atop its flagship downtown Atlanta store, lighting it on Thanksgiving night. The idea was conceived by head of advertising Frank Pallotta. Later, the tree was"
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"for Christmas. Many titles help define the mythical aspects of modern Christmas celebration: Santa Claus bringing presents, coming down the chimney, being pulled by reindeer, etc. New mythical characters are created, defined, and popularized by these songs; ""Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer"", adapted from a major retailer's promotional poem, was introduced to radio audiences by Gene Autry in 1949. His follow-up a year later introduced ""Frosty the Snowman"", the central character of his song. Though overtly religious, and authored (at least partly) by a writer of many church hymns, no drumming child appears in any biblical account of the Christian nativity"
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"Christopher Radko since 2001. Shiny Brite The Shiny Brite company produced the most popular Christmas tree ornaments in the United States throughout the 1940s and 1950s. In 1937, Max Eckardt established Shiny Brite ornaments, working with the Corning Glass company to mass-produce glass Christmas ornaments. Eckardt had been importing hand-blown glass balls from Germany since around 1907, but had the foresight to anticipate a disruption in his supply from the upcoming war. Corning adapted their process for making light bulbs to making clear glass ornaments, which were then shipped to Eckardt's factories to be decorated by hand. The fact that"
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"June 1, 1987. One noted Christmas ornament authority is Clara Johnson Scroggins who has written extensively about Keepsake Ornaments and has one of the largest private collections of Christmas ornaments. In 1980, Hallmark Cards acquired Valentine & Sons of Dundee, Scotland, one of the world's oldest publishers of picture postcards. In 1998, Hallmark made a number of acquisitions, including Britain-based Creative Publishing (a recent spinoff of Fine Art Developments), and U.S.-based InterArt. Worldwide, Hallmark has over 27,000 employees; 20,000 of them work in the United States, about 5,600 of whom are full-time employees. About 2,700 Hallmarkers work at the Kansas"
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"Fort Montgomery, New York. In 1977, he listed his present occupation on a questionnaire as ""trying to convince myself that I'm retired,"" and his avocations as ""model-making, dioramas, and designing wooden toys for children."" Melville Porter Cummin died the first day of December 1980, survived by his wife of 65 years, Marion (Van Buskirk) Cummin, and two daughters, Eleanor Claire and Miriam Louise. Cartoonist Herb Roth, assistant and successor to H. T. Webster, was an intimate friend for decades. Roth wrote of Mel Cummin in 1937, ""Knowing him as I do, I believe the newspaper that contains his work is"
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Who authored the 1823 immortal poem, "A Visit from St. Nicholas"?
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"A Visit from St. Nicholas ""A Visit from St. Nicholas"", more commonly known as ""The Night Before Christmas"" and ""Twas the Night Before Christmas"" from its first line, is a poem first published anonymously in 1823 and later attributed to Clement Clarke Moore, who claimed authorship in 1837. Some commentators now believe the poem was written by Henry Livingston Jr.. The poem has been called ""arguably the best-known verses ever written by an American"" and is largely responsible for some of the conceptions of Santa Claus from the mid-nineteenth century to today. It has had a massive impact on the"
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"have written the poem known as ""A Visit from St. Nicholas"". Their children included: Livingston died on February 29, 1828 in Poughkeepsie, New York. Through his eldest daughter Catherine, he was the grandfather of U.S. Senator from Illinois Sidney Breese (1800–1878) and Rear Admiral Samuel Livingston Breese (1794–1870), who served in the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, and the American Civil War. Henry Livingston Jr. Henry Beekman Livingston Jr. (October 13, 1748 – February 29, 1828) has been proposed as being the uncredited author of the poem ""A Visit from St. Nicholas"", more popularly known (after its first line)"
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"Henry Livingston Jr. Henry Beekman Livingston Jr. (October 13, 1748 – February 29, 1828) has been proposed as being the uncredited author of the poem ""A Visit from St. Nicholas"", more popularly known (after its first line) as ""The Night Before Christmas"". Credit for the poem was taken in 1837 by Clement Clarke Moore, a Bible scholar in New York City, nine years after Livingston's death. It was not until another twenty years that the Livingston family knew of Moore's claim, and it was not until 1900 that they went public with their own claim. Since then, the question has"
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"America. In America, interest in Christmas had been revived in the 1820s by several short stories by Washington Irving which appear in his ""The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent."" and ""Old Christmas"". Irving's stories depicted harmonious warm-hearted English Christmas festivities he experienced while staying in Aston Hall, Birmingham, England, that had largely been abandoned, and he used the tract ""Vindication of Christmas"" (1652) of Old English Christmas traditions, that he had transcribed into his journal as a format for his stories. In 1822, Clement Clarke Moore wrote the poem ""A Visit From St. Nicholas"" (popularly known by its first"
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"estate in what became known as the residential neighborhood of Chelsea. Before this, the urbanized part of the city ended at Houston Street on Manhattan island. For 10 years, Moore also served as a board member of the New York Institution for the Blind. He is credited and is most widely known as the author of the Christmas poem ""A Visit from St. Nicholas"", first published anonymously in 1823. It later became widely known as ""'Twas the Night Before Christmas"" and has been published in numerous illustrated versions in various languages. Scholars debate the identity of the author, calling on"
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"provided the Troy Public Library a grant to digitize the full collection of the newspaper. https://web.archive.org/web/20121013045312/http://www.gramercycommunications.com/general/gramercy-communications-recognized-for-preserving-history-2/ http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/nysnp/142.htm http://www.troyrecord.com/articles/2012/07/24/news/doc500e1c962d37f124187691.txt http://www.troyrecord.com/articles/2012/07/23/news/doc500cca24accca328252384.txt http://www.timesunion.com/local/article/Troy-Sentinel-to-be-preserved-3728556.php http://www.bizjournals.com/albany/news/2012/06/07/gramercy-communications-will-leave.html Troy Sentinel The Troy Sentinel was a semi-weekly newspaper published between 1823-1832, which served Rensselaer County in upstate New York. It was published in historic downtown Troy at 225 River Street. The newspaper is famously known for the first published edition of the poem ""A Visit from St. Nicholas"", also known as ""The Night Before Christmas"" and “Twas the Night Before Christmas,"" its first line. It was published anonymously on December 23, 1823 and is generally attributed to Clement"
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"folklore about elves waned, but as the phenomenon of popular culture emerged, elves were reimagined, in large part on the basis of Romantic literary depictions and associated medievalism. As American Christmas traditions crystallized in the nineteenth century, the 1823 poem ""A Visit from St. Nicholas"" (widely known as ""'Twas the Night before Christmas"") characterized St Nicholas himself as ""a right jolly old elf"". However, it was his little helpers, inspired partly by folktales like ""The Elves and the Shoemaker"", who became known as ""Santa's elves""; the processes through which this came about are not well understood, but one key figure"
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"Old Santeclaus with Much Delight ""Old Santeclaus with Much Delight"" is an anonymous illustrated children's poem published in New York in 1821, predating by two years the first publication of ""A Visit from St. Nicholas"" (""Twas the Night before Christmas""). It is the first publication to mention (and illustrate) Santa's reindeer and sleigh, as well as being the first to describe his arrival on Christmas Eve. The accompanying illustrations are the earliest published artistic depictions of a Santa Claus figure. The poem, with eight colored lithographic illustrations, was published in New York by William B. Gilley in 1821 as a"
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"history of Christmas gift-giving. Before the poem gained wide popularity, American ideas had varied considerably about Saint Nicholas and other Christmastide visitors. ""A Visit from St. Nicholas"" eventually was set to music and has been recorded by many artists. On Christmas Eve night, while his wife and children sleep, a father awakens to noises outside his house. Looking out the window, he sees Santa Claus (Saint Nicholas) in an air-borne sleigh pulled by eight reindeer. After landing his sleigh on the roof, the saint enters the house through the chimney, carrying a sack of toys with him. The father watches"
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"raised arguments challenging whether the person traditionally identified as the author of a text was correct. He has pointed to an obscure Beat writer, Tom Hawkins, as the author of the Wanda Tinasky letters, which some had previously speculated to be the work of Thomas Pynchon. Foster also joined a long-running effort by descendants of Henry Livingston Jr. to show that their ancestor, and not Clement Clarke Moore, wrote the famous poem ""A Visit from St. Nicholas"". Foster provided his account of sleuthing out these and other identifications in his book ""Author Unknown"" (including the Shakespeare-""Elegy"" connection, which he still"
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"Initially it was a best-of-nine-points, sudden death tie-break which made it possible to have simultaneous match points for both players. Via a few intermediary steps this would evolve into the current best-of-twelve-point tie-break. He was inducted into the Tennis Hall of Fame in 1965. He was a great fan of Clement C. Moore's famous poem ""A Visit from Saint Nicholas"" which is more commonly known as ""Twas the Night Before Christmas"". He purchased and restored the Clement C. Moore house on Catherine Street in Newport, RI and would make an annual public reading of the poem to children during the"
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"various kind. But where I found the children naughty, In manners crude, in temper haughty, Thankless to parents, liars, swearers, Boxers, or cheats, or base tale-bearers, I left a long, black, birchen rod, Such as the dread command of GOD Directs a Parent’s hand to use When virtue’s path his sons refuse. </poem> Old Santeclaus with Much Delight ""Old Santeclaus with Much Delight"" is an anonymous illustrated children's poem published in New York in 1821, predating by two years the first publication of ""A Visit from St. Nicholas"" (""Twas the Night before Christmas""). It is the first publication to mention"
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"Santa Claus, who with a right good will / Comes down the chimney with a footstep airy ..."" ""A Visit from St. Nicholas"" was published in England in December 1853 in ""Notes and Queries"". An explanatory note states that the St Nicholas figure is known as Santa Claus in New York State and as Krishkinkle in Pennsylvania. 1854 marked the first English publication of ""Carl Krinkin; or, The Christmas Stocking"" by the popular American author Susan Warner. The novel was published three times in London in 1854-5, and there were several later editions. Characters in the book include both Santa"
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"""St Nicholas"". His work includes the children’s nonsense poem “The Walloping Window Blind”, published in 1885, in a verse style similar to Lewis Carroll’s: ""A capital ship for an ocean trip/Was the Walloping Window-Blind;/No wind that blew dismayed her crew/Or troubled the captain’s mind."" A second novel, ""The Admiral's Caravan"", also serialized in ""St Nicholas"" beginning in December 1891, was dedicated to his daughter Constance. His poem ""The Walloping Window Blind"" can be sung to the same tune as ""Ten Thousand Miles Away"", using the same refrain (or with minor changes). It has been variously named ""Capital Ship"", ""Blow, Ye"
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"elements of the Germanic god Wodan, who was associated with the pagan midwinter event of Yule and led the Wild Hunt, a ghostly procession through the sky. Santa Claus is generally depicted as a portly, jolly, white-bearded man—sometimes with spectacles—wearing a red coat with white fur collar and cuffs, white-fur-cuffed red trousers, a red hat with white fur and black leather belt and boots and who carries a bag full of gifts for children. This image became popular in the United States and Canada in the 19th century due to the significant influence of the 1823 poem ""A Visit from"
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"Renascence (poem) ""Renascence"" (also ""Renasance"") is a 1912 poem by Edna St. Vincent Millay, credited with introducing her to the wider world, and often considered one of her finest poems. The poem is a 200+ line lyric poem, written in the first person, broadly encompassing the relationship of an individual to humanity and nature. The narrator is contemplating a vista from a mountaintop. Overwhelmed by nature, and thoughts of human suffering, the narrator empathetically feels the deaths of others, and feels pressed into a grave. Friendly rain brings the narrator back to joy in life—the rebirth, or ""renascence"", of the"
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"Jolly Old Saint Nicholas ""Jolly Old Saint Nicholas"" is a Christmas song that originated with a poem by Emily Huntington Miller (1833-1913), published as ""Lilly's Secret"" in ""The Little Corporal Magazine"" in December 1865. The song's lyrics have also been attributed to Benjamin Hanby, who wrote a similar song in the 1860s, Up on the Housetop. However, the lyrics now in common use closely resemble Miller's 1865 poem. The music has been attributed to John Piersol McCaskey, a school principal and former Mayor of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, who claimed to have written the song in 1867. The ""Johnny"" mentioned in the"
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"The Eve of St. Agnes The Eve of St. Agnes is a Romantic narrative poem of 42 Spenserian stanzas set in the Middle Ages. It was written by John Keats in 1819 and published in 1820. The poem was considered by many of Keats' contemporaries and the succeeding Victorians to be one of his finest and was influential in 19th century literature. The title comes from the day (or evening) before the feast of Saint Agnes (or St. Agnes' Eve). St. Agnes, the patron saint of virgins, died a martyr in 4th century Rome. The eve falls on 20 January;"
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"composed in 1196 but the author is unknown. In an abridged form, it is found in Roger of Wendover’s ""Flores Historiarum"" under the year 1196. It is a curious religious allegory, treating the pilgrimage of a soul from death through purgatory and paradise to heaven. The monk, conducted by St Nicholas, is taken from place to place in purgatory, where he meets and converses with persons of various ranks, who relate their stories and their suffering. From purgatory he advances slowly to paradise, and finally reaches the gates of heaven; after which he awakes. Roger's work is known to us"
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"A Christmas Carol A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843 and illustrated by John Leech. ""A Christmas Carol"" recounts the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, an elderly miser who is visited by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the spirits of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come. After their visits, Scrooge is transformed into a kinder, gentler man. Dickens wrote ""A Christmas Carol"" during a period when the British were"
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"Alvin, Simon and Theodore's names are mentioned instead. ""Alvin wants a pair of skates, Simon wants a sled, Theodore a picture book, yellow blue and red."" Jolly Old Saint Nicholas ""Jolly Old Saint Nicholas"" is a Christmas song that originated with a poem by Emily Huntington Miller (1833-1913), published as ""Lilly's Secret"" in ""The Little Corporal Magazine"" in December 1865. The song's lyrics have also been attributed to Benjamin Hanby, who wrote a similar song in the 1860s, Up on the Housetop. However, the lyrics now in common use closely resemble Miller's 1865 poem. The music has been attributed to"
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"American"", is largely responsible for the conception of Santa Claus from the mid-nineteenth century to today, including his physical appearance, the night of his visit, his mode of transportation, the number and names of his reindeer, as well as the tradition that he brings toys to children. The poem has influenced ideas about St. Nicholas and Santa Claus from the United States to the rest of the English-speaking world and beyond. ""Is There a Santa Claus?"" was the title of an editorial appearing in the September 21, 1897, edition of The (New York) Sun. The editorial, which included the famous"
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"and satirizes those who exploit the holiday. The tale was adapted into a 1966 short animated film for television with a screenplay by Seuss and narration by Boris Karloff. Later adaptations include a Broadway musical and a feature film in 2000 starring Jim Carrey. At 100 years of age in 1960, Grandma Moses illustrated Clement Clark Moore's Christmas poem, ""A Visit from Saint Nicholas"" as ""The Night Before Christmas"" for Random House. The book was published after her death in 1961. The years immediately following WWII saw the release of two of the most popular Christmas films in US history:"
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"St. Nicholas of Myra with attributes of various European Christmas traditions, especially from English Father Christmas and Dutch Sinterklaas. The association of Christmas presents with elves has precedents in the first half of the 19th century with the Tomte in Sweden and Nisse in Denmark, and St Nicholas himself is called an elf in ""A Visit from St. Nicholas"" (1823). The Christmas elf appeared in literature as early as 1850 when Louisa May Alcott completed, but never published a book entitled ""Christmas Elves"". The image of the elves in the workshop was popularised by ""Godey's Lady's Book"", with a front"
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"the New Zealand Academy of the Humanities (FNZAH). In 2009 he was appointed a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand (FRSNZ). Jackson's most recent work was a year long examination of the disputed authorship of the classic poem ""The Night Before Christmas"", also called ""A Visit from St. Nicholas."" Jackson applied modern computational stylistics techniques to the corpora of verse left by both claimants, Clement Clarke Moore and Henry Livingston Jr., including a new test, statistical analysis of phonemes. His book, ""Who Wrote"" """"The Night Before Christmas""?"" identifies the true author and makes a significant contribution to the"
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"Poems by Edgar Allan Poe This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849), listed alphabetically with the date of their authorship in parentheses. An unpublished 9-line poem written circa 1829 for Poe's cousin Elizabeth Rebecca Herring (the acrostic is her first name, spelled out by the first letter of each line). It was never published in Poe's lifetime. James H. Whitty discovered the poem and included it in his 1911 anthology of Poe's works under the title ""From an Album."" It was also published in Thomas Ollive"
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"a Nightingale,' 'Ode on a Grecian Urn,' and 'To Autumn' as three of the most anthologized lyric poems of tragic vision in English."" To Autumn ""To Autumn"" is a poem by English Romantic poet John Keats (31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821). The work was composed on 19 September 1819 and published in 1820 in a volume of Keats's poetry that included ""Lamia"" and ""The Eve of St. Agnes"". ""To Autumn"" is the final work in a group of poems known as Keats's ""1819 odes"". Although personal problems left him little time to devote to poetry in 1819, he"
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"out of here. Then in a flash, while the fog-horn did clatter, I saw just the way to settle the matter. All it would take- now, what was that word? What we needed was a whirly-bird! A ‘chopper to sky-lift us over the bluffs To avoid all the drifts, the potholes and ruts. Oh for a helicopter, Saint Nicholas, please - So we can be home for Christmas Eve! </poem> Richard Chapman (1902 – 1910) William J. Chapman (1910 – 1940) Captain J.D. Chapman (1940) Wesley Morrison (1940 – 1942) Norman Whetton (1942 – 1965) Frank Rourke (1965 – 1968)"
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"Adaptations of A Christmas Carol ""A Christmas Carol"", the popular 1843 novella by Charles Dickens (1812–1870), is one of the British author's best-known works. It is the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, a greedy miser who hates Christmas, but is transformed into a caring, kindly person through the visitations of four ghosts. The classic work has been dramatised and adapted countless times for virtually every medium and performance genre, and new versions appear regularly. The novel was the subject of Dickens' first public reading, given in Birmingham Town Hall to the Industrial and Literary Institute on 27 December 1852. This was"
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"expert James Lowe and Dr. Joe Nickell, author of ""Pen, Ink and Evidence."" On January 20, 1829, Troy editor Orville L. Holley alluded to the author of the Christmas poem, using terms that accurately described Moore as a native and current resident of New York City, and as ""a gentleman of ""more"" merit as a scholar and a writer than many of more noisy pretensions."" In December 1833, a diary entry by Francis P. Lee, a student at General Theological Seminary when Moore taught there, referred to a holiday figure of St. Nicholas as being ""robed in fur, and dressed"
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"Sylvian Joululaulu Sylvian Joululaulu (Swedish: ""Sylvias hälsning från Sicilien""), ""Sylvia's Christmas Song"", is a poem by Zachris Topelius from 1853, which was composed to a christmas carol by Karl Collan. The poem has been translated to Finnish by both Elina Vaara and Martti Korpilahti, and the latter one from 1918 is one of the most beloved Finnish christmas carols. It has been chosen as the best Finnish christmas carol in the 1960s and again in 2002 in a poll by Yleisradio. The poem is a part of the collection ""Sylvian laulut"": Sylvia, or Eurasian blackcap, (""Sylvia atricapilla""), is a migratory"
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"the song is usually dated. The Latin text is probably a musical parody of an earlier 12th century song beginning ""intonent hodie voces ecclesie"", written in honour of Saint Nicholas, the patron saint of Russia, sailors and children – to whom he traditionally brings gifts on his feast day, 6 December. Hugh Keyte and Andrew Parrott note that two of the verses have an unusual double repeat ('Submersum, -sum, -sum puerum'; 'Reddens vir-, vir-, vir- ginibus'). In 'intonent hodie', these were used to illustrate the three boys and three girls saved by St Nicholas from drowning and prostitution, respectively. The"
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"to get in. Inside the house, Pooch recites the poem ""A Visit from St. Nicholas"". A rat in a hole appears to be bothered by some words in the poem, and therefore comes out to play. The rat's play then disturbs a cat which resulted a chase. While still struggling to get in the house, the husky notices the sleigh of Santa Claus landing nearby. The husky captures and ties up Santa. The husky then dons Santa's clothes and beard before going down into the chimney. The impostor Santa shows up in the house, much to the amazement of Pooch"
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On December 8th, 1941, FDR delivered his famous "a date that will live in infamy" speech. To what was he referring?
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"well as we remember December 7th, 1941, for on that date in 1931, the war we are now fighting began"". The symbolism of the date was highlighted in a scene in the 1943 film ""Bombardier"", in which the leader of a group of airmen walks up to a calendar on the wall, points to the date (""December 7, 1941"") and tells his men: ""Gentlemen, there's a date we will always remember—and they'll never forget!"" Twenty-two years later, the continuing resonance of the Infamy Speech was demonstrated following the assassination of John F. Kennedy, which many commentators also compared with Pearl"
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"Infamy Speech The Infamy Speech was a speech delivered by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt to a Joint Session of the US Congress on December 8, 1941, one day after the Empire of Japan's attack on the US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and the Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire. The name derives from the first line of the speech: Roosevelt describing the previous day as ""a date which will live in infamy"". The speech is also commonly referred to as the ""Pearl Harbor Speech"". Within an hour of the speech,"
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"chose to emphasize the ""date""—December 7, 1941—rather than the ""day"" of the attack, a Sunday, which he mentioned only in the last line when he said, ""... Sunday, December 7th, 1941, ..."". He sought to emphasize the historic nature of the events at Pearl Harbor, implicitly urging the American people never to forget the attack and memorialize its date. Notwithstanding, the term ""day of infamy"" has become widely used by the media to refer to any moment of supreme disgrace or evil. Roosevelt's speech had an immediate and long-lasting impact on American politics. Thirty-three minutes after he finished speaking, Congress"
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"War terminology of the sort used by Roosevelt, such as using the term ""axis"" to refer to America's enemies (as in ""Axis of Evil""). Spanish Prime Minister José Maria Aznar referenced the speech hours after the 2004 Madrid train bombings, saying, ""On March 11, 2004, it already occupies its place in the history of infamy."" Infamy Speech The Infamy Speech was a speech delivered by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt to a Joint Session of the US Congress on December 8, 1941, one day after the Empire of Japan's attack on the US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii,"
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"find and hold the leaders of Japanese-American communities. It took two days to put 1,291 Issei under custody. Although they were not formally charged, they were denied visitation from their families. Many of these prisoners spent the war years in enemy alien internment camps. December 8, 1941: President Roosevelt addresses the U.S. Congress, saying that December 7 is ""a date that will live in infamy."" Roosevelt signs the declaration of war. February 19, 1942: Executive Order 9066 is signed by Roosevelt which authorized the transfer of more than 100,000 German, Italian and Japanese-Americans living in coastal Pacific areas to internment"
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"Reich Chancellery meeting of 12 December 1941 The Reich Chancellery meeting of 12 December 1941 was an encounter between Adolf Hitler and the highest-ranking officials of the Nazi Party. Almost all important party leaders were present to hear Hitler declare the ongoing destruction of the Jewish race, yet it remains less known than the later Wannsee Conference. The announcement Hitler made on 12 December to the ""Reichsleiter"" and ""Gauleiter"" refers to an earlier statement he had made on 30 January 1939: With the entry of Japan and the United States into the Second World War on 7 December 1941 and"
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"1941 — a date which will live in infamy — the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan."" On December 8, Congress voted almost unanimously to declare war against Japan. On December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States, which responded in kind. Roosevelt portrayed the war as a crusade against the aggressive dictatorships that threatened peace and democracy throughout the world. In late December 1941, Churchill and Roosevelt met at the Arcadia Conference, which established a joint strategy between the U.S. and Britain."
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"A consistent Democrat – ""I'm a Democrat first, last, and all the time"", he said – in January 1941 he praised FDR's support for Great Britain and in an address at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier on Memorial Day of that year he attacked isolationists and said that veterans understood that ""liberty and freedom are so very precious that you do not fight and win them once and stop."" They are ""prizes awarded only to those peoples who fight to win them and then keep fighting eternally to hold them!"" At times he was blunt: ""I think any man"
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"attributed to former Bush speechwriter David Frum, originally as the ""axis of hatred"" and then ""evil"". Frum explained his rationale for creating the phrase ""axis of evil"" in his book ""The Right Man: The Surprise Presidency of George W. Bush"". Essentially, the story begins in late December 2001 when head speechwriter Michael Gerson gave Frum the assignment of articulating the case for dislodging the regime of Saddam Hussein in Iraq in only a few sentences for the upcoming State of the Union address. Frum says he began by rereading President Franklin D. Roosevelt's ""date which will live in infamy"" speech"
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"United States declaration of war on Japan On December 8, 1941, the United States Congress declared war () on the Empire of Japan in response to that country's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor the prior day. It was formulated an hour after the ""Infamy Speech"" of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Japan had sent a message to the United States to its embassy in Washington earlier, but because of problems at the embassy in decoding the very long message – the high-security level assigned to the declaration meant that only personnel with very high clearances could decode it, which slowed"
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"In so doing, he sought to silence the isolationist movement which had campaigned so strongly against American involvement in the war in Europe. If the territory and waters of the continental United States—not just outlying possessions such as the Philippines—was seen as being under direct threat, isolationism would become an unsustainable course of action. Roosevelt's speech had the desired effect, with only one Representative (Jeannette Rankin) voting against the declaration of war he sought; the wider isolationist movement collapsed almost immediately. The speech's ""infamy"" line is often misquoted as ""a ""day"" that will live in infamy"". However, Roosevelt quite deliberately"
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"Congress on 8 December 1941. The motion passed with only one vote against it, in both chambers. Just three days later, on 11 December 1941 Adolf Hitler declared war on the United States, and had already remarked on the evening of the date of the Japanese attack that ""We can't lose the war at all. We now have an ally which has never been conquered in 3,000 years"". Within hours of Pearl Harbor Japanese air forces from Formosa destroyed much of the U.S. Far East Air Force, based near Manila. The Japanese army invaded and trapped the American and Filipino"
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"August von Galen delivered his famous 1941 sermons denouncing the program as ""murder"". Thousands of copies of the sermons were circulated across Germany. Galen denounced the regime's violations of basic human rights: ""the right to life , to inviolability, and to freedom is an indispensable part of any moral social order"", he said - and any government that punishes without court proceedings ""undermines its own authority and respect for its sovereignty within the conscience of its citizens"". The words had profound resonance for the mass extermination programs yet to come, and forced the euthanasia program underground. Unlike the Nazi euthanasia"
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"Hitler Stalingrad Speech is portrayed in the film ""Stalingrad"" where a group of embattled Wehrmacht soldiers, entrenched from positions within the city of Stalingrad itself, listen to Hitler while they are in turn surrounded by Soviet forces. This speech is also featured in an episode of the 1988 miniseries ""War and Remembrance,"" when Hitler was addressing party faithful. It occurred on the same day as the Allied invasion of North Africa. Hitler Stalingrad Speech The Hitler Stalingrad Speech was an address made by Adolf Hitler to senior members of the Nazi Party on November 8, 1942. The speech took place"
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"of the Holocaust, Craig quoted Hitler's remark to the Czechoslovak foreign minister in January 1939 that ""We are going to destroy the Jews!...The day of reckoning has come!"" plus the broad hints that Hitler dropped in his speeches of 30 January 1941; 30 January 1942; 24 February 1942; 30 September 1942, and 8 November 1942 that he knew of the Holocaust. Finally, Craig cited Himmler's remark of May 1944 where he stated he had orders from an unnamed higher authority (who Craig argued could only be Hitler) for the ""Final Solution."" Because of the controversy ""Hitler's War"" generated, it was"
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"Arsenal of Democracy During the Second World War (1939–1945), ""Arsenal of Democracy"" was the slogan used by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in a radio broadcast delivered on 29 December 1940. Roosevelt promised to help the United Kingdom fight Nazi Germany by giving them military supplies while the United States stayed out of the actual fighting. The president announced that intent a year before the Attack on Pearl Harbor (7 December 1941), at a time when Germany had occupied much of Europe and threatened Britain. Nazi Germany was allied with Fascist Italy and the Empire of Japan (the Axis powers)."
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"Dwight's speech, ""Blood alone moves the wheels of history"", is paraphrased from a speech Mussolini gave in Parma on December 11, 1941, advocating Italian entry into World War II. The actual quote is, ""It is blood which moves the wheels of history!"" The line ""I say to you, and you'll understand, that it is a privilege to fight"" in turn is taken from the Mussolini's Declaration of War against the United States, where he said, ""I say, and you all feel, that it is a privilege to fight with them."" The Season Two DVD contains a number of deleted scenes"
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"April 18, 2007, in a ""DRVH"" ceremony held in the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, President George W. Bush delivered an address that linked definitions and words—including the ""new word"", ""genocide"", that had come out of the Holocaust experience—to the challenge to remember: This is a place devoted to memory. Inside this building are etched the words of the Prophet Isaiah: ""You are my witness."" As part of this witness, these walls show how one of the world's most advanced nations embraced a policy aimed at the annihilation of the Jewish people. These walls help restore the humanity of the millions"
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"Hitler's Obersalzberg Speech The Obersalzberg Speech is a speech given by Adolf Hitler to Wehrmacht commanders at his Obersalzberg home on 22 August 1939, a week before the German invasion of Poland. The speech details, in particular, the pending German invasion of Poland and a planned extermination of Poles. It shows Hitler's knowledge of the extermination and his intention to carry out this genocide in a planned manner. Three documents were grouped together during Nuremberg Trials which contained Hitler's speech on 22 August 1939 (1014-PS, 798-PS, and L-3,) and only the document L-3 contained the Armenian quote. Documents 1014-PS and"
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"consequence of allied military failure."" The entry of the U.S. into the War is also crucial to the time-frame proposed by Christian Gerlach, who argued in his 1997 thesis, that the Final Solution decision was announced on 12 December 1941, when Hitler addressed a meeting of the Nazi Party (the ""Reichsleiter"") and of regional party leaders (the ""Gauleiter""). The day after Hitler's speech, on 13 December 1941 Joseph Goebbels wrote in his diary: Cesarani notes that by 1943, as the military position of the German forces deteriorated, the Nazi leadership became more openly explicit about the Final Solution. In March,"
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"the resulting declaration of war on the US by Nazi Germany on 11 December, the war, especially in regard to the above statement, had become truly a ""World War"". Hitler announced this declaration of war on 11 December in the German ""Reichstag"", a speech also broadcast on radio. On 12 December 1941, he had a meeting with the most important Nazi leaders. On the afternoon of 12 December, Hitler ordered the leading members of the Nazi Party to a meeting in his private rooms at the Reich Chancellery. Because the meeting took place in private rooms rather than Hitler's office,"
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"in 1921 when Adolf Hitler made a speech in a beer hall in Munich to 4,000 supporters. Undercover police reporters wrote that the crowd cheers when Hitler condemned, ""the cowardly Jews for breaking the world-liberator on the cross"", swearing he would ""not to rest until the Jews... lay shattered on the ground."" The crowd then sang carols and nationalist hymns around a Christmas tree, with gifts being donated to working-class attendees of the speech. After taking power in 1933, Nazi ideologues initially sought to reject Germany's long held Christmas traditions - renaming the festival ""Julfest"", and propagating its Germanic origins"
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"Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (, ; January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. A Democrat, he won a record four presidential elections and became a central figure in world events during the first half of the 20th century. Roosevelt directed the federal government during most of the Great Depression, implementing his New Deal domestic agenda in response to the worst economic crisis in U.S. history. As a"
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"more than a few losing their lives. His sermon of Sunday evening 8 October 1939 ""This or Any Other War: Where I Stand and Why"" must have ruffled a few feathers: [. . . closing paragraphs:] This then is where I stand and why. I know how fateful is my decision. It is quite possible that by some I shall be judged a fool, by others a knave. I may fall very far short of my ideal, but at least I shall try. I shall seek to love everybody and remember that a man in uniform may be as true"
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"for invincibility and dealt a devastating blow to German morale. On 30 January 1943, the tenth anniversary of his coming to power, Hitler chose not to speak. Joseph Goebbels read the text of his speech for him on the radio. The speech contained an oblique reference to the battle, which suggested that Germany was now in a defensive war. The public mood was sullen, depressed, fearful, and war-weary. Germany was looking in the face of defeat. The reverse was the case on the Soviet side. There was an overwhelming surge in confidence and belief in victory. A common saying was:"
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"Sportpalast speech The ""Sportpalast"" speech () or total war speech was a speech delivered by German Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels at the Berlin Sportpalast to a large but carefully selected audience on 18 February 1943 calling for a total war, as the tide of World War II was turning against Nazi Germany and its Axis allies. It is considered the most famous of Joseph Goebbels's speeches. The speech was the first public admission by the Nazi leadership that Germany faced serious dangers. Goebbels exhorted the German people to continue the war even though it would be long and difficult because—as"
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"the program, according to her, ""so that people would remember who she is."" May Craig was married Donald A. Craig. This is a transcript of a press conference held by Franklin D. Roosevelt on December 9, 1941, at 4:10 p.m. It was the first American news conference of the war. MISS MAY CRAIG: You've got a new system out there. (Referring to security at the entrance.) THE PRESIDENT: What? MISS MAY CRAIG: A new system out there. It's going to take a long time to get in. THE PRESIDENT: What's that? What do you have to do? Have they frisked"
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"Hitler Stalingrad Speech The Hitler Stalingrad Speech was an address made by Adolf Hitler to senior members of the Nazi Party on November 8, 1942. The speech took place at the Löwenbräukeller in Stiglmaierplatz in Munich during the height of the Battle of Stalingrad. For three-quarters of his oratory, Hitler speaks in a normal tone of voice, at one point making a joke, and only raising his voice at the end of his narrative. The speech is, along with the Mannerheim recording, one of very few recordings in which Hitler is heard speaking completely normally. The first segment of Hitlers"
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"Congress passed a formal declaration of war against Japan and officially brought the U.S. into World War II. The address is one of the most famous of all American political speeches. The Infamy Speech was brief, running to just a little over seven minutes. Secretary of State Cordell Hull had recommended that the President devote more time to a fuller exposition of Japanese-American relations and the lengthy, but unsuccessful, effort to find a peaceful solution. However, Roosevelt kept the speech short in the belief that it would have a more dramatic effect. His revised statement was all the stronger for"
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"Nacht und Nebel Nacht und Nebel () was a directive issued by Adolf Hitler on 7 December 1941 targeting political activists and resistance ""helpers"" in World War II to be imprisoned or killed, while the family and the population remained uncertain as to the fate or whereabouts of the Nazi state's alleged offender. Victims who disappeared in these ""Night and Fog"" actions were never heard from again. The alliterative hendiadys ""Nacht und Nebel"" (German for ""Night and Fog"") was first used by Wagner in ""Das Rheingold"" (1869) and has since been adopted into everyday German (e.g. it appears in Thomas"
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"take a life, Renouvin would assassinate the informer himself, then berate the would-be assassin for being a ""sissy"" who was not tough enough for the hard, dangerous work of the Resistance. On 7 December 1941, the ""Nacht und Nebel"" degree was signed by Hitler, allowing the German forces to ""disappear"" anyone engaged in resistance in Europe into the ""night and fog"". During the war, about 200,000 French citizens were deported to Germany under the ""Nacht und Nebel"" degree, about 75,000 for being ""résistants"", half of whom did not survive. After Germany declared war on the United States on 11 December"
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"Four Freedoms The Four Freedoms were goals articulated by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt on Monday, January 6, 1941. In an address known as the (technically the 1941 State of the Union address), he proposed four fundamental freedoms that people ""everywhere in the world"" ought to enjoy: Roosevelt delivered his speech 11 months before the surprise Japanese attack on U.S. forces in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii that caused the United States to declare war on Japan, December 8, 1941. The State of the Union speech before Congress was largely about the national security of the United States and the threat"
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"ghetto. They also were used for murder in Yugoslavia. SS-""Obergruppenführer"" Reinhard Heydrich, head of the Reich Main Security Office (""Reichssicherheitshauptamt"" or RSHA), convened what became known as the Wannsee Conference on 20 January 1942 at a villa, am Grossen Wannsee No. 56/58, in Berlin's Wannsee suburb. The meeting had been scheduled for 9 December 1941, and invitations had been sent on 29 November, but it had been postponed. Christian Gerlach argues that Hitler announced his decision to annihilate the Jews on or around 12 December 1941, probably on 12 December during a speech to Nazi Party leaders. This was one"
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Originally titled Your Radio Playhouse, what long running PBS radio series is hosted by Ira Glass?
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"This American Life This American Life (TAL) is an American weekly hour-long radio program produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media and hosted by Ira Glass. It is broadcast on numerous public radio stations in the United States and internationally, and is also available as a free weekly podcast. Primarily a journalistic non-fiction program, it has also featured essays, memoirs, field recordings, short fiction, and found footage. The first episode aired on November 17, 1995, under the show's original title, Your Radio Playhouse. The series was distributed by Public Radio International until June 2014, when the program became self-distributed with"
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"Ira Glass and [...] explore a single theme or topic through the unique juxtaposition of first-person storytelling and whimsical narrative."" For budgetary reasons, Glass and four of the radio show's producers left Chicago for New York City, where Showtime is headquartered. In January 2007, it was announced that Glass had completed production on the show's first season, with the first episode set to premiere on March 22. Originally the series had a contract for a total of 30 shows over the four years, but after two seasons Glass announced that he and the other creators of the show had ""asked"
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"NPR Playhouse NPR Playhouse was a series of radio dramas from National Public Radio. The series was a successor to the NPR series ""Earplay"" and was discontinued in September 2002. Beginning on March 1, 1981 , the ""Playhouse"" production of the first of the ""Star Wars"" radio dramas, a 13-part 6½-hour version of the original ""Star Wars"" film, generated the largest response in NPR's history, with an audience averaging over 750,000 listeners per episode. A 14th episode was produced for this series consisting of an audio documentary of the production. The series author, Brian Daley, also wrote the script to"
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"teleplays over the three television seasons between 1967 and 1970. The broadcasts have been preserved in a variety of archives, with all twelve broadcasts archived between the Paley Center for Media, the UCLA film archive, and the Peabody Awards Collection. The ""CBS Playhouse"" series of broadcasts were nominated for a number of awards over the course of its run. In total, the dramatic series was nominated for twenty-eight Primetime Emmy Awards, including ten wins, and seven Directors Guild of America awards, including three wins. ""CBS Playhouse"" was also honored with a Peabody Award in 1967. CBS Playhouse CBS Playhouse is"
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"House of Glass (radio program) House of Glass is an American old-time radio serial drama. It was broadcast on the Blue Network from April 17, 1935, until December 25, 1935, and revived on NBC from October 23, 1953, until March 12, 1954. Gertrude Berg, created ""House of Glass"" soon after her previous show, ""The Goldbergs"", was canceled by NBC. Berg had two objectives with ""House of Glass"" — ""to show Pepsodent [the former show's sponsor] that she could survive without their money"" and ""to distance herself from Molly Goldberg""."" ""House of Glass"" centered around Bessie Glass, a Jewish owner of"
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"drama, leaving aside the sketches on ""A Prairie Home Companion"" and ""Le Show"" and the intermittent presentation of drama on the largely documentary series ""The Next Big Thing"". The series aired selected productions from the CBC horror-anthology series ""Nightfall"" in the early 1980s. NPR Playhouse NPR Playhouse was a series of radio dramas from National Public Radio. The series was a successor to the NPR series ""Earplay"" and was discontinued in September 2002. Beginning on March 1, 1981 , the ""Playhouse"" production of the first of the ""Star Wars"" radio dramas, a 13-part 6½-hour version of the original ""Star Wars"""
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"Hallmark Playhouse Hallmark Playhouse is an American old-time radio dramatic anthology series. It was broadcast on CBS from June 10, 1948 until February 1, 1953, and was described by one author as ""a program that consistently produced the highest levels of production quality and value."" Beginning on February 8, 1953, the program underwent changes of title, host, and format. It was broadcast as The Hallmark Hall of Fame until March 27, 1955, still on CBS. ""Hallmark Playhouse"" was the first radio program whose title included the name of sponsor (Hallmark Cards). It began as a summer replacement for ""Radio Reader's"
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"Kent Smith was the host for the program, which one reference source said ""was hastily ordered by sponsor Philip Morris after its first offering in that time slot, ""Pentagon Confidential"", was blasted by the critics."" Broadcast live from New York, the episodes' genres varied from comedy to melodrama. Stars included Eddie Albert, Nina Foch, Franchot Tone and Vincent Price. Selected episodes are listed below. Philip Morris Playhouse Philip Morris Playhouse is a 30-minute old-time radio dramatic anthology series. The program ""[g]enerally ... featured straight and crime drama,"" radio historian John Dunning wrote. He noted that one of the directors was"
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"show on the grounds that Ira Glass was ""not famous enough"" to be parodied on ""Saturday Night Live"". Glass then invited Armisen to impersonate him as a guest co-host for an episode of ""This American Life"" in January 2013. In 2012, in Season 6, Episode 12 of ""30 Rock"": ""St. Patrick's Day"", Ira Glass's voice appears on the radio, apparently presenting TAL, with his studio having been overrun by drunken thugs. In 2013, Stanley Chase III, Mickey Dwyer, Ken Fletcher, and Matt Gifford launched the parody podcast ""That American Life"" on iTunes, which is hosted by ""Ira Class"". In two"
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"His third wife, the artist Candy Jernigan, died of liver cancer in 1991, aged 39. Cameron is Glass's son with his fourth wife, restaurant manager Holly Critchlow (married in 2001), whom Glass later divorced. Glass lives in New York and in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. He was romantically involved with cellist Wendy Sutter from 2008 until 2010. Glass is the first cousin once removed of Ira Glass, host of the radio show ""This American Life"". Ira interviewed Glass onstage at Chicago's Field Museum; this interview was broadcast on NPR's ""Fresh Air"". Ira interviewed Glass a second time at a fundraiser"
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"husband typed them for the program. Berg created an original sketch of ""House of Glass"" and performed it on NBC's ""first official television broadcast"" in 1940. House of Glass (radio program) House of Glass is an American old-time radio serial drama. It was broadcast on the Blue Network from April 17, 1935, until December 25, 1935, and revived on NBC from October 23, 1953, until March 12, 1954. Gertrude Berg, created ""House of Glass"" soon after her previous show, ""The Goldbergs"", was canceled by NBC. Berg had two objectives with ""House of Glass"" — ""to show Pepsodent [the former show's"
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"The Glass House (2001 TV series) The Glass House was a half-hour Australian comedy talk show which screened on the ABC from 2001 to 2006. It was hosted by stand-up comedian Wil Anderson, and co-hosted by fellow television and radio comedians Corinne Grant and Dave Hughes. Two additional guests joined the regular cast each week, including musicians, politicians, actors, radio personalities and other celebrities of varying calibre, such as Young Australian of the Year winners and Olympic athletes. Regular guests included comedians Adam Spencer and Akmal Saleh, netballer Liz Ellis, ""Play School"" host Rhys Muldoon, musician Pinky Beecroft, and music"
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"The series is the direct descendant of two old-time radio dramatic anthologies sponsored previously by Hallmark: ""Radio Reader's Digest"", adapting stories from the popular magazine (though the magazine never sponsored the show); and, its successor, ""Hallmark Playhouse"", which premiered on CBS in 1948. ""The Hallmark Playhouse"" changed to more serious literature from all genres. ""Hallmark Television Playhouse"" debuted on December 24, 1951 on NBC television network first opera written specifically for television, ""Amahl and the Night Visitors"" featuring the ballet dancer Nicholas Magallanes. ""Playhouse"" was hosted by Sarah Churchill and was a weekly half hour. In 1953, the series was"
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"Earplay presented a unique creative outlet for audio drama. 22 episodes ""Internet archive"" Retrieved 2011 September 15 Earplay Earplay was the longest-running of the formal series of radio drama anthologies on National Public Radio, produced by WHA in Madison, Wisconsin and heard from 1972 into the 1990s. It approached radio drama as an art form with scripts written by such leading playwrights as Edward Albee, Arthur Kopit, Archibald MacLeish and David Mamet. Airing in stereo, ""Earplay"" provided a showcase for original and adapted work. Eventually, the less-sustained successor series ""NPR Playhouse"" drew episodes from the ""Earplay"" run. Often presented by"
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"series, Host of the Discovery Channel's ""On The Inside"", repeatedly appeared as a square on ""Hollywood Squares"", hosted HGTV's Smart Design, hosted a popular morning radio show in Philadelphia on STAR 104.5. She also hosted the emmy-nominated ""Gardens Great and Small"" on PBS. She was also the host of HGTV on the radio and The Pet Hour. Both were heard on Sirius/XM Satellite radio. When not overseeing her company, Glass Entertainment Group, Glass has appeared as a guest or guest-host on such programs as ""The Daily Show"", ""The Big Idea with Donny Deutsch"", CNN ""Larry King Live"", ""Late Night with"
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"Television Playhouse Television Playhouse is a half-hour American anthology series that was broadcast live on NBC. The series aired from December 4, 1947 to April 11, 1948, generally appearing every third Sunday during its run. The program was in cooperation with the National Theater and Academy, a federally sponsored theater group, and featured live performances of plays, some of which were by well-known authors. The first presentation was ""The Last of My Solid Gold Watches"" by Tennessee Williams. Each episode featured actors and actresses who had not reached stardom. A wide variety of plays was presented on the program. Although"
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"Public Radio Exchange delivering new episodes to public radio stations. A television program of the same name ran for two seasons on the Showtime cable network between June 2007 and May 2008. Each week's show has a theme, explored in several ""acts."" On occasion, an entire program will consist of a single act. Each act is produced by a combination of staff and freelance contributors. Programs usually begin with a short station identification by Glass who then introduces a segment related to the theme which precedes act one. The segment will then lead into the presentation of the theme for"
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"January 13, 1952. CBS aired the remainder of the canon through September 2, 1953. In 1951, a trade publication reported that the program's annual budget was $1 million. ""Philip Morris Playhouse"" evolved from an earlier radio program, ""Johnny Presents"", which featured both music and a dramatic segment in each episode. That program's name referred to Johnny Roventini (sometimes known as ""Little Johnny""), a midget bellhop who made famous the advertising slogan ""Call for Philip Morris."" In 1939, the segments were separated to create two programs, a musical show featuring Johnny Green on NBC and the drama-oriented ""Philip Morris Playhouse"" on"
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"The Playhouse (radio show) The Playhouse was a Portland, Oregon-based syndicated morning drive time radio show which debuted on February 12, 2000. It originally aired weekday mornings between 5-10am on then-flagship radio station KXJM (Jammin 107.5 FM), with the last four hours of the show being broadcast live online with fully produced video, and repeated every four hours until the next show. The show was also on at various hours in the morning on its syndicated affiliates. From its conception on February 12, 2000 to May 12, 2008 the show's flagship station was the ""Original"" Jammin' 95.5 KXJM (now KXTG)."
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"Comedy Playhouse Comedy Playhouse is a long-running British anthology series of one-off unrelated sitcoms that aired for 120 episodes from 1961 to 1975. Many episodes later graduated to their own series, including ""Steptoe and Son"", ""Meet the Wife"", ""Till Death Us Do Part"", ""All Gas and Gaiters"", ""Up Pompeii!"", ""Not in Front of the Children"", ""Me Mammy"", ""That's Your Funeral"", ""The Liver Birds"", ""Are You Being Served?"" and ""Last of the Summer Wine"", which is the world's longest running sitcom, having run from January 1973 to August 2010. In March 2014, it was announced that ""Comedy Playhouse"" would make a"
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"Playhouse. This play later toured throughout the country, featuring Karl Howman, Diane Keen, Kenneth MacDonald and Lynn Turner. It was produced by Bruce Hyman, later notorious for different reasons, and Harvey Kass. His television work started with a single play commissioned by Brenda Reid for the BBC after seeing ""LadyBird"". Kenneth Ives directed a cast of Omar Sharif, Sir John Mills and Lucy Gutteridge in ""Edge Of The Wind"", which was broadcast on Christmas Day 1985 on BBC2. The television work that followed included ""Radio Phoenix"", twenty odd episodes of a teen series about a radio station in Southampton, then"
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"ice. ""It's a Wonderful Life: A Live Radio Play"", a stage adaptation presented as a 1940s radio show, was adapted by Joe Landry and has been produced around the United States since 1997. The script is published by Playscripts, Inc. In 1997, PBS aired ""Merry Christmas, George Bailey"", taped from a live performance of the 1947 ""Lux Radio Theatre"" script at the Pasadena Playhouse. The presentation, which benefited the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, featured an all-star cast, including Bill Pullman as George, Nathan Lane as Clarence, Martin Landau as Mr. Potter, Penelope Ann Miller as Mary, and Sally Field"
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"American Playhouse American Playhouse is an anthology television series periodically broadcast by Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) in the United States. It premiered on January 12, 1982 with ""The Shady Hill Kidnapping"", written and narrated by John Cheever and directed by Paul Bogart. Its final broadcast, ""In the Wings: Angels in America on Broadway"", a rerun of a behind-the-scenes look at Tony Kushner's award-winning play in two parts, aired on January 1, 1994. The series proved to be the springboard for the careers of numerous performers, including David Marshall Grant, Laura Linney, A Martinez, Conchata Ferrell, Eric Roberts, Lynne Thigpen, John"
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"1996 when Public Radio International formed a distribution partnership with the program. It airs on 509 PRI affiliate stations in the United States reaching an estimated 2.1 million listeners each week. The show is also carried on Sirius XM Satellite Radio over the Public Radio International block on the XM Public Radio channel. The program consistently rates as the first- or second-most downloaded podcast on iTunes for each week. Originally titled ""Your Radio Playhouse"", a local show on WBEZ, the program's name was changed beginning with the March 21, 1996 episode. It was picked up nationally by PRI in June"
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"and Chris Wiggins. ""Purple Playhouse"" was named by Fletcher Markle as the phrase represents melodrama from Victorian times. Purple Playhouse Purple Playhouse is a Canadian dramatic television series which aired on CBC Television in 1973. American and European melodramas were adapted in this series of Canadian productions. This hour-long series was broadcast most Sunday evenings from 25 February to 6 May 1973, generally at 9:00 p.m. (Eastern) except the final broadcast was aired at 8:00 p.m. Some dramas were based on characters such as Dracula and Sweeney Todd while others were adapted from such works as ""The Bells"", ""Box and"
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"actresses who were featured during the third series. As each episode is a stand-alone adaptation of a different short story, Alderton and Collins play different parts in each show in which they appear. While they are often romantically linked, there are several episodes where they pair up with a different character. Most stories are culled from the ""Mulliner"" stories, the ""Golf"" stories and the stories that revolve around the Drones Club. Wodehouse Playhouse Wodehouse Playhouse is a British television comedy series based on the short stories of P. G. Wodehouse. From 1974 to 1978, a pilot and three series were"
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"Earplay Earplay was the longest-running of the formal series of radio drama anthologies on National Public Radio, produced by WHA in Madison, Wisconsin and heard from 1972 into the 1990s. It approached radio drama as an art form with scripts written by such leading playwrights as Edward Albee, Arthur Kopit, Archibald MacLeish and David Mamet. Airing in stereo, ""Earplay"" provided a showcase for original and adapted work. Eventually, the less-sustained successor series ""NPR Playhouse"" drew episodes from the ""Earplay"" run. Often presented by NPR member stations on a weekly basis, ""Earplay"" episodes were produced with much attention to recording technique"
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"on ""The Colbert Report"" with Stephen Colbert to promote Mike Birbiglia's film ""Sleepwalk with Me"", and to invite Colbert to take part in a ""This American Life"" episode. Archival footage of Ira Glass is used in the film ""We Cause Scenes"", which premiered at the 2013 South by Southwest conference. Glass appeared in the extended cut of John Hodgman's Netflix comedy special """". In 2014, Glass appeared as himself in the film adaption of the U.S. television series ""Veronica Mars"". On Monday, November 24, 2014 Glass appeared on the ""Here's The Thing"" podcast. For a time, Glass dated cartoonist and"
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"and first published in 1999. The cover of ""The Lives They Lived"" edition of ""The New York Times Magazine"" published on December 25, 2011 read ""These American Lives"" after a special section of the magazine edited by Glass and other staff of the show. Glass had a cameo appearance in the 22nd-season premiere of ""The Simpsons"", entitled ""Elementary School Musical"". Lisa plays ""This American Life"" on her iPod and Glass introduces the theme of the show, ""Today in Five Acts: Condiments"". In the ""American Dad!"" episode, ""Honey, I'm Homeland,"" Ira Glass provides his own voice when members of an Occupy"
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"Malkovich, Peter Riegert, Lupe Ontiveros, Ben Stiller, and Megan Mullally. American Playhouse American Playhouse is an anthology television series periodically broadcast by Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) in the United States. It premiered on January 12, 1982 with ""The Shady Hill Kidnapping"", written and narrated by John Cheever and directed by Paul Bogart. Its final broadcast, ""In the Wings: Angels in America on Broadway"", a rerun of a behind-the-scenes look at Tony Kushner's award-winning play in two parts, aired on January 1, 1994. The series proved to be the springboard for the careers of numerous performers, including David Marshall Grant, Laura"
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"Playhouse for many years. He was actor, director, and voice actor in the community. He also directed many plays at McGill University (Wry and Ginger 1959). From 1957 to 1980 Atkinson was a CBC TV sports commentator, working out of Montreal, covering all Olympic, Pan-American, Canadian and international events. Throughout the 1980s, Gordon was a political / social commentator on CJAD 800 in Montreal. His radio work was paused when he was elected a Member of the Quebec National Assembly in 1989. He served one term and then got back into radio from 1993 to 1997 as political and social"
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"of the original Barrie lines."" He also commended the program's advertising, writing that Hallmark commercials ""were well-spaced and timed — dignified attention-getters without distracting from the interest in the story."" In 1952, ""Hallmark Playhouse"" was among the winners of Radio Honor Medals from the Freedoms Foundation. Hallmark Playhouse Hallmark Playhouse is an American old-time radio dramatic anthology series. It was broadcast on CBS from June 10, 1948 until February 1, 1953, and was described by one author as ""a program that consistently produced the highest levels of production quality and value."" Beginning on February 8, 1953, the program underwent changes"
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"Goodyear Television Playhouse The Goodyear Television Playhouse is an American anthology series that was telecast live on NBC from 1951 to 1957 during the ""Golden Age of Television"". Sponsored by Goodyear, Goodyear alternated sponsorship with Philco, and the ""Philco Television Playhouse"" was seen on alternate weeks. In 1955, the title was shortened to The Goodyear Playhouse and it aired on alternate weeks with ""The Alcoa Hour"". The three series were essentially the same, with the only real difference being the name of the sponsor. Producer Fred Coe nurtured and encouraged a group of young, mostly unknown writers that included Robert"
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What famous 1898 volunteer military unit was named after the members of Buffalo Bill's famous Wild West show?
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"despite being a cavalry unit they ended up fighting on foot as infantry. Wood's second in command was former Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt, a man who had pushed for American involvement in the Cuban War of Independence. When Colonel Wood became commander of the 2nd Cavalry Brigade, the Rough Riders then became ""Roosevelt's Rough Riders."" That term was familiar in 1898, from Buffalo Bill who called his famous western show ""Buffalo Bill's Wild West and Congress of Rough Riders of the World."" The Rough Riders were mostly made of college athletes, cowboys, ranchers, miners, and other outdoorsmen."
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"legends of the Rough Riders, recruiting Mason Mitchell, a fellow Rough Rider with theatrical talent, to perform for the Republican State Committee of New York. More than anyone else, William Frederick Cody, better known as Buffalo Bill, can be credited with helping to create and preserve the dramatic myth of the Rough Riders and the American Old West. His extravaganzas glamorized it into an appealing show for Eastern American audiences and helped permanently preserve the legends. Rough Riders The Rough Riders was a nickname given to the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry, one of three such regiments raised in 1898"
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"Wild Westing Wild Westing was the term used by Native Americans for their performing with Buffalo Bill's Wild West and similar shows. Between 1887 and World War I, over 1,000 Native Americans went ""Wild Westing."" Most were Oglala Lakota (""Oskate Wicasa"") from their reservation in Pine Ridge, South Dakota, the first Lakota people to perform in these shows. During a time when the Bureau of Indian Affairs was intent on promoting Native assimilation, Col. William Frederick Cody (""Buffalo Bill"") used his influence with U.S. government officials to secure Native American performers for his Wild West. Col. Cody treated Native American"
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"to New Orleans, many ex-soldiers joined popular Wild West Shows, most notably Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show. The show wintered in New Orleans from 1884 to 1885 and was hailed by the ""Daily Picayune"" as ""the people's choice"". There was at least one black cowboy in the show, and numerous black cowhands. On Mardi Gras in 1885, fifty to sixty Plains Indians marched in native dress on the streets of New Orleans. Later that year, the first Mardi Gras Indian gang was formed; the tribe was named ""The Creole Wild West"" and was most likely composed of members of Buffalo"
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"the end of the war in 1865. Later he served as a civilian scout for the US Army during the Indian Wars, receiving the Medal of Honor in 1872. One of the most colorful figures of the American Old West, Buffalo Bill's legend began to spread when he was only twenty-three. Shortly thereafter he started performing in shows that displayed cowboy themes and episodes from the frontier and Indian Wars. He founded ""Buffalo Bill's Wild West"" in 1883, taking his large company on tours in the United States and, beginning in 1887, in Great Britain and continental Europe. Cody was"
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"His perilous ride to tell the news of the great victory by Gen. George Crook against the camp of Chief American Horse at the Battle of Slim Buttes during the Great Sioux War made him a national celebrity. William F. ""Buffalo Bill"" Cody (1846 – 1917) was a Pony Express rider, soldier, buffalo hunter and showman. Buffalo Bill received the Medal of Honor in 1872 for service to the U.S. Army as a scout. Cody's images and narratives of the American Wild West and Native Americans are nonpareil. During the Progressive Era, Buffalo Bill was one of the most popular"
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"Wild Bill (G.I. Joe) Wild Bill is a fictional character from the toyline, comic books and cartoon series. He is the G.I. Joe Team's helicopter pilot and debuted in 1983. His real name is William S. Hardy, and his rank is that of army chief warrant officer CW-4. Wild Bill was born in Brady, Texas. His primary military specialty is helicopter pilot and his secondary military specialties are fixed wing pilot and aircraft armorer. Wild Bill served as a combat infantryman and participated in LRRP operations during the Vietnam War. He reenlisted for Flight Warrant Officer School and has remained"
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"Arizona John Burke John M. Burke (1842 – April 12, 1917), also known as ""Arizona John"" and ""Major John M. Burke"" was an American publicist, manager, and press agent. He is best known for his association with Buffalo Bill's Wild West show. John M. Burke was born in New York City, in 1842. He was orphaned in infancy after his parents died and was taken in by relatives in Maryland. In 1866, he made his way west to Montana Territory where he first met William F. ""Buffalo Bill"" Cody, who was Chief of Scouts for the Third Cavalry. He served"
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"War I, over 1,000 Native Americans went ""Wild Westing"" with Buffalo Bill's Wild West. Most Wild Westers were Oglala Lakota from Pine Ridge, South Dakota, the first Lakota people to go Wild Westing. During a time when the Bureau of Indian Affairs was intent on promoting Native assimilation, Col. Cody used his influence with U.S. government officials to secure Native American performers for his Wild West. Buffalo Bill treated Native American employees as equals with white cowboys. Wild Westers received good wages, transportation, housing, abundant food, and gifts of cash and clothing from Buffalo Bill at the end of each"
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"There are reports of him being in Oklahoma in 1910, and being in the 5th Cavalry Regiment during the period of the Border War (1910–19) with Mexico. Then, in 1910–12, he again worked in the Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show and Pawnee Bill traveling shows as a bareback trick rider. Later newspaper coverage also refers to 1914 for military service in the West possibly in the 16th Infantry Regiment. Strongheart was reportedly wounded and his service ended. According to Strongheart's 1954 article, in 1915 he advised David Belasco on the true story used in the production of the silent film"
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"the actual exploits of a friend from the war years. Earning himself the nickname ""Wild Bill"", Wellman was first an ambulance driver in the Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps, then joined the French Foreign Legion. On December 3, 1917, assigned as the first American fighter pilot to join N.87 ""escadrille"" in the Lafayette Flying Corps, Wellman went on to score three recorded ""kills"", along with five probables and to receive the Croix de Guerre with two palms. Although he considered ""Lafayette Escadrille"" a ""personal project"", the studio did not give Wellman the budget he demanded and continued to interfere with the project,"
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"their children to the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, for a formal education. Wágluȟe U.S. Army Indian Scouts were a ""Band of Brothers"" with U.S. Army Cavalry Scouts and later were the first Oglala Lakota to travel with Col. William Frederick ""Buffalo Bill"" Cody and his Wild West throughout the U.S. and Europe. Wágluȟe from the Great Plains Wars chose to offer their services to Colonel ""Buffalo Bill"" Cody and appreciated that Wild West Shows preserved Oglala Lakota heritage during a time when the Bureau of Indian Affairs was intent on promoting Native assimilation. Chief Big Mouth was"
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"the growing popular fascination with the ""Wild West,"" Sydney Barnett began organizing a Wild West Show and Grand Buffalo Hunt in 1872. He originally contacted ""Buffalo Bill"" Cody to feature lasso men and gathered over 100 Pottawatomie Indians for a large buffalo hunt. Problems arose when the US Government would not allow the Indians off the reservation. The show was then changed to feature General Custer's scout ""Wild Bill"" Hickock as master of ceremonies, assisted by local Woodland Indians of the Tuscarora and Cayuga Nations. Following the transfer of ownership in 1878 to the Davis family, after an acrimonious decades-long"
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"bedizened and bedangled with feathers and ornaments, and clad in their picturesque garments, accompanied by their chief interpreter, Broncho Bill and other officials, reached the White Heart about half-past 12 o’clock.” In 1887, Buffalo Bill and his Wild West camped in the City of Salford, England, for five months. While in Salford, a Wild West gun-slinging and horse-riding stuntman known as Surrounded By the Enemy died from a chest infection, probably caused by the chilly weather, in his teepee at the Salford Quays. ""Surrounded"" was described as six feet seven inches tall, aged 22 and an imposing sight of a"
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"obtained passage for his cast on an American ship. Once the cast returned to Oklahoma, the eldest brother Joe Miller refused to pay the Indian cast overtime. As a result, the entire Indian cast quit the show. By 1916, the two younger Miller brothers abandoned trying to work with their volatile oldest brother. George Jr. and Zack worked at the ranch, while Joe schemed to make the Wild West Show a financial success. Joe Miller hired an out-of-work, aging, and ill Buffalo Bill to star in a World War I recruitment show called the ""Pageant of Preparedness."" Soon Cody quit"
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"more battle honours, which have not been acknowledged: Buffalo Volunteer Rifles The Buffalo Volunteer Rifles (BVR) (formerly the Kaffrarian Rifles) is an infantry regiment of the South African Army. As a reserve unit, it has a status roughly equivalent to that of a British Army Reserve or United States Army National Guard unit. This unit was formed in East London in 1876, as the ""Buffalo Corps of Rifle Volunteers"", for service in the 9th Frontier War. It disbanded in 1879. (East London is situated on the Buffalo River, hence the name). The unit was re-formed in July 1883 and was"
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"were successful, and Wilson sent Hunt a telegram with the now-famous words, ""Count me in with Buffalo."" The Buffalo Bills were a charter member of the American Football League (AFL) in 1960. After a public contest, the team adopted the same name as the AAFC Buffalo Bills, the former All-America Football Conference team in Buffalo. The AAFC Bills franchise was named after the Buffalo Bills, a popular barbershop quartet, whose name was a play on the name of the famed Wild West showman Buffalo Bill Cody. The franchises are not officially related, other than in name, to each other. After"
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"still possible to ride with the butteri as they check their cattle in the Parco Regionale della Maremma (Maremma regional park). In 1890, Buffalo Bill took his Wild West show to Rome and northern Italy (during his tour of Europe) to display cowboy skills, such as the capture of young cattle and the taming of wild horses. Unimpressed, the Italian cowboys (the butteri) challenged Buffalo Bill and his show to a contest of skill. As the story is told, the butteri proved far more experienced than the Buffalo Bill troupe, and the national moment of glory for the butteri was"
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"their families boarded the ""S.S. State of Nebraska"" in New York City, led a journey for the Lakota people when they crossed the sea to England on Buffalo Bill's first international tour to perform at the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria and in Birmingham, Salford and London over a five–month period. The entourage consisted of 97 Indians, 18 buffaloes, 2 deer, 10 elk, 10 mules, 5 Texas steers, 4 donkeys, and 108 horses. Since 1887, Wild Westing has been a family tradition with several hundred Pine Ridge families. Between 1906 and 1915, 570 individuals from Pine Ridge went Wild Westing"
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"Joe"" Hoyt. The 101 Ranch Wild West Show featuring African Americans such as Bill Pickett, the famous bulldogger and his brother Voter Hall who billed as a ""Feejee Indian from Africa"". The Esquivel Brothers from San Antonio. Wild West shows contained as many as 1,200 performers at one time (cowboys, scouts, Indians, military, Mexicans, and men from other heritages), and a large number of many animals including buffalo and Texas Longhorns. Some of the recognizably famous men who took part in the show were Will Rogers, Tom Mix, Pawnee Bill, James Lawson, Bill Pickett, Jess Willard, Mexican Joe, Capt. Adam"
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"Buffalo Bill William Frederick ""Buffalo Bill"" Cody (February 26, 1846 – January 10, 1917) was an American scout, bison hunter, and showman. He was born in Le Claire, Iowa Territory (now the U.S. state of Iowa), but he lived for several years in his father's hometown in Toronto Township, Ontario, Canada, before the family returned to the Midwest and settled in the Kansas Territory. Buffalo Bill started working at the age of eleven, after his father's death, and became a rider for the Pony Express at age 14. During the American Civil War, he served the Union from 1863 to"
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"Buffalo Bill William Frederick ""Buffalo Bill"" Cody (February 26, 1846 – January 10, 1917) was an American scout, bison hunter, and showman. He was born in Le Claire, Iowa Territory (now the U.S. state of Iowa), but he lived for several years in his father's hometown in Toronto Township, Ontario, Canada, before the family returned to the Midwest and settled in the Kansas Territory. Buffalo Bill started working at the age of eleven, after his father's death, and became a rider for the Pony Express at age 14. During the American Civil War, he served the Union from 1863 to"
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"Chief Red Fox Chief Red Fox (Lakota: ""Tokála Luta,"" also known as Chief William Red Fox; June 11, 1870 – 1976) was an Oglala Lakota Sioux performer, actor, and Sioux Indian rights advocate, born on the Pine Ridge Reservation in the Dakota Territory. He was a nephew of famed Sioux war leader, Crazy Horse. In 1893, Colonel William Frederick Cody, better known as Buffalo Bill, visited Pine Ridge Reservation to recruit Native Americans as performers in his ""Wild West Show"" and asked Chief Red Fox to join the troupe of performers who were about to make an appearance at the"
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"Chief Red Fox Chief Red Fox (Lakota: ""Tokála Luta,"" also known as Chief William Red Fox; June 11, 1870 – 1976) was an Oglala Lakota Sioux performer, actor, and Sioux Indian rights advocate, born on the Pine Ridge Reservation in the Dakota Territory. He was a nephew of famed Sioux war leader, Crazy Horse. In 1893, Colonel William Frederick Cody, better known as Buffalo Bill, visited Pine Ridge Reservation to recruit Native Americans as performers in his ""Wild West Show"" and asked Chief Red Fox to join the troupe of performers who were about to make an appearance at the"
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"Major Gordon W. Lillie, who performed as Pawnee Bill, motivated the Millers to produce a Wild West Show of their own. The Millers made their transition from putting on local shows to the national scene in 1907, when they performed at the Jamestown Exposition in Virginia. Later in 1907, the Miller Brothers 101 Ranch Wild West Show began the tour circuit in Brighton Beach, New York. Joe Miller, the eldest son, was an exceptional equestrian and star performer. Over the course of the show's history, its cast included Lillian Smith, Bill Picket, Bessie Herberg, Bee Ho Gray, Tom Mix, Jack"
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"offered a path of opportunity and hope during time when people believed Native Americans were a vanishing race whose only hope for survival was rapid cultural transformation. Between 1887 and World War I, over 1,000 Native Americans went ""Wild Westing"" with Buffalo Bill's Wild West. Most Wild Westers were Oglala Lakota from Pine Ridge, South Dakota, the first Lakota people to go Wild Westing. During a time when the Bureau of Indian Affairs was intent on promoting Native assimilation, Col. Buffalo Bill Cody used his influence with U.S. government officials to secure Native American performers for his Wild West. In"
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"different animals. It was the first and prototypical Wild West show lasting until 1915 and featured theatrical reenactments of battle scenes, characteristic western scenes, and even hunts. In 1883, ""Buffalo Bill's Wild West"" was founded in North Platte, Nebraska when Buffalo Bill Cody turned his real life adventure into the first outdoor western show. The show's publicist Arizona John Burke employed innovating techniques at the time, such as celebrity endorsements, press kits, publicity stunts, op-ed articles, billboards and product licensing, that contributed to the success and popularity of the show. ""Buffalo Bill's Wild West"" toured Europe eight times, the first"
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"with Buffalo Bill and other shows. Often entire families worked together, and the tradition of the Wild Wester community is not unlike that of circus communities. Frank C. Goings, the recruiting agent for Buffalo Bill and other Wild West shows at Pine Ridge, was a Carlisle alumnus and Wild Wester with experience as a performer, interpreter and chaperone. Goings carefully chose the famous chiefs, the best dancers, the best singers, and the best riders; screened for performers willing to be away from home for extended periods of time; and coordinated travel, room and board. Travelling with his wife and children,"
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"Buffalo Volunteer Rifles The Buffalo Volunteer Rifles (BVR) (formerly the Kaffrarian Rifles) is an infantry regiment of the South African Army. As a reserve unit, it has a status roughly equivalent to that of a British Army Reserve or United States Army National Guard unit. This unit was formed in East London in 1876, as the ""Buffalo Corps of Rifle Volunteers"", for service in the 9th Frontier War. It disbanded in 1879. (East London is situated on the Buffalo River, hence the name). The unit was re-formed in July 1883 and was named after the region of Kaffraria, the 19th-century"
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"star in the Buffalo Bill Show, wrote a letter to President William McKinley on April 5, 1898 ""offering the government the services of a company of 50 'lady sharpshooters' who would provide their own arms and ammunition should war break out with Spain."" The Spanish–American War did occur, but Oakley's offer was not accepted. During World War I, 21,498 U.S. Army nurses (military nurses were all women then) served in military hospitals in the United States and overseas. Eighteen African-American Army nurses served stateside caring for German prisoners of war (POWs) and African-American soldiers; after the Armistice, Nov. 11, 1918,"
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"Buffalo Bill Gun The Buffalo Bill Gun was one of the first toys made by the Milton Bradley Company. The toy was based on the popular Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show. The strenuous life, so widely favored as the century drew to its close, was reflected in many games which Americans played at home. The Milton Bradley Company, like many other game manufacturers, was alert to the trend. As soon as Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show had proved to be popular, Company technicians devised the Buffalo Bill Gun, a wooden model which shot wooden pellets. The Buffalo Bill Gun was"
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"Miller Brothers 101 Ranch The Miller Brothers 101 Ranch was a cattle ranch in the Indian Territory of Oklahoma before statehood. Located near modern-day Ponca City, it was founded by Colonel George Washington Miller, a veteran of the Confederate Army, in 1893. The 101 Ranch was the birthplace of the 101 Ranch Wild West Show and one of the early focal points of the oil rush in northeastern Oklahoma. It was the largest diversified farm and ranch in America at the time. Bill Pickett's grave and the White Eagle Monument are located on the ranch grounds. The location of the"
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"Bill titled ""Buffalo Bill from Prairie to Palace"". Despite being called ""Major"", Burke never served in the military; similarly, aside from his name, he was not associated with Arizona. Burke died in Washington, D.C., on April 12, 1917 and was buried in an unmarked grave in Mount Olivet Cemetery. On April 12, 2017, a permanent marker was erected. Arizona John Burke John M. Burke (1842 – April 12, 1917), also known as ""Arizona John"" and ""Major John M. Burke"" was an American publicist, manager, and press agent. He is best known for his association with Buffalo Bill's Wild West show."
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Following a year trial, Seattle resident Amanda Knox had her fate decided at the hands of an Italian jury. How did they find her?
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"Sollecito pleaded not guilty at a Corte d'Assise on charges of murder, sexual assault, carrying a knife (which Guede had not been charged with), simulating a burglary, and theft of 300 euros, two credit cards, and two mobile phones. There was no charge in relation to Kercher's missing keys to the entry door and her bedroom door, although Guede's trial judgement said he had not stolen anything. There was a separate but concurrent trial of Knox with the same jury as her murder trial in which Knox was accused of falsely denouncing her employer for the murder. Knox's police interrogation"
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"Her family incurred large debts from the years of supporting her in Italy and were left insolvent, the proceeds from ""Waiting to Be Heard: A Memoir"" having gone to pay legal fees to her Italian lawyers. Knox has been a reviewer and journalist for the then ""West Seattle Herald"", later subsumed into ""Westside Seattle"", and attended events of the Innocence Project and related organizations. In a 2017 interview, Knox said she was devoting herself to writing and activism for the wrongfully accused. Amanda Knox Amanda Marie Knox (born July 9, 1987) is an American woman who spent almost four years"
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"Amanda Knox Amanda Marie Knox (born July 9, 1987) is an American woman who spent almost four years in an Italian prison following her conviction for the 2007 murder of Meredith Kercher, a fellow exchange student who shared her apartment. In 2015, Knox was definitively acquitted by the Italian Supreme Court of Cassation. Knox, then aged 20, had called the police after returning to her and Kercher's flat after spending the night with her boyfriend, Raffaele Sollecito, and finding Kercher's bedroom door locked and blood in the bathroom. Following an interrogation, the conduct of which is a matter of dispute,"
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"Knox's appeal (alongside the co-accused, Italian Raffaele Sollecito), thus overturning their previous acquittals, declaring the acquittal as ""full of deficiencies, contradictions and illogical conclusions"". As Amanda Knox remained at her home in the United States, her appeal was heard , in Florence, Italy. On 30 January 2014 her guilty verdict was re-instated for the murder of Kercher and her sentence set at 28 years and six months imprisonment. In the case of ""Goddi v. Italy"", the European Court of Human Rights held that the failure of Italy's judiciary to inform the officially appointed lawyer of the applicant in regards to"
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"the parents and friends of Knox, investigators, prosecutors and legal scholars. The film depicts events that occurred after Amanda Knox moved to Perugia, Italy, in September 2007, as a foreign exchange student attending language classes at the University for Foreigners. Knox shares a flat in a cottage with Meredith Kercher, a British student, and two Italian women, Filomena and Laura. In October, Knox meets Raffaele Sollecito, an Italian student of computer engineering, at a classical music concert, and they start dating. On November 1, Kercher is found stabbed to death in her bedroom. Police question both Knox and Sollecito. Meanwhile,"
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"written by Wendy Battles, who has worked on scripts for the American television series """" and ""Law & Order"", and filmed in Rome, after officials refused to grant the production team permission to shoot in Perugia. The film contains a re-enactment of the murder. In Italy, the television film has been transmitted on Canale 5, on December 3, 2012, after Amanda Knox sent a team of lawyers to Mediaset, to prevent the airing. After its first broadcast, the film was followed by a one-hour documentary, ""Beyond the Headlines: Amanda Knox"", which examines the Italian judicial system and includes interviews with"
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"to a fair trial will not be violated. However the Committee disagreed, describing Italy's position as In 2009, a former CIA station chief and two other Americans were tried and convicted by a Milan appeals court for the abduction of Egyptian terror suspect Osama Hassan Mustafa Nasr. The decision meant that 26 Americans tried for the abduction were found guilty. The highly publicised trial of American Amanda Knox for the 2007 murder of British student Meredith Kercher has highlighted the issue of Italy’s willingness to try defendants . In 2013 Italy's highest court, the Court of Cassation, decided to annul"
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"journalist Nina Burleigh, who had spent months in Perugia during the trial while researching a book on the case, said the conviction had not been based on solid proof, and there had been resentment at the Knox family that amounted to ""anti-Americanism"". A number of US experts spoke out against DNA evidence used by the prosecution. According to consultant Gregory Hampikian, the Italian forensic police could not replicate the key result, claimed to have successfully identified DNA at levels below those an American laboratory would attempt to analyse, and never supplied validation of their methods. Knox was indicted in 2010"
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"back to the house she shared with Kercher on the morning the body was discovered. She was not provided with legal counsel, as Italian law only mandates the appointment of a lawyer for someone suspected of a crime. On the night of November 5, Knox voluntarily went to the police station, although what followed is a matter of dispute. At her trial Knox testified that she had spent hours maintaining her original story, that she had been with Sollecito at his flat all night and had no knowledge of the murder, but a group of police would not believe her."
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"judges (magistrates), and 6 lay judges (members chosen from citizens): in reality he ruled as single judge (as judge for the preliminary hearing). Moreover, the preliminary hearing was also held without the presence of journalists and general audience. The trial regarding Knox and Sollecito is represented as held in front of a Court composed of 9 judges (3 magistrates and 6 lay judges): actually the Italian legal system does not contemplate this composition. The trial was held in front a ""Corte d'Assise"", composed of a panel of two professional judges and six lay judges. Amanda Knox: Murder on Trial in"
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"White House ... That's why I'm so glad Michelle Obama will be the next first lady."" On October 20, 2013, Cantwell was one of 16 female Democratic senators to sign a letter endorsing Hillary Clinton as the Democratic nominee in the 2016 Presidential Election. On December 4, 2009, the day that 22-year-old Washingtonian Amanda Knox was found guilty by an Italian court of the murder of Meredith Kercher, Cantwell released a statement expressing her dismay at the verdict, saying that she had ""serious questions about the Italian justice system and whether anti-Americanism tainted [the] trial."" She stated that the evidence"
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"Amanda Knox (film) Amanda Knox is a 2016 American documentary film about Amanda Knox, twice convicted and later acquitted of the 2007 murder of Meredith Kercher. It premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 10, 2016 and on Netflix on September 30, 2016. Featuring interviews with Amanda Knox, her ex-boyfriend Raffaele Sollecito, Italian prosecutor Giuliano Mignini, and others involved in the case, the documentary chronicles the murder of Knox's roommate Meredith Kercher and the subsequent investigation, trials and appeals. Her notoriety bolstered by tabloid journalism, Knox was convicted of murder and spent four years in an Italian prison"
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"had somehow obtained. Lawyers for Knox said the book had ""reported in a prurient manner, aimed solely at arousing the morbid imagination of readers"". According to American legal commentator Kendal Coffey, ""In this country we would say, with this kind of media exposure, you could not get a fair trial"". In the United States, there was a pretrial publicity campaign supporting Knox and attacking Italian investigators, but her lawyer thought it was counter-productive. Knox and Sollecito were held in prison. Their trial began on 16 January 2009 before Judge Giancarlo Massei, Deputy Judge Beatrice Cristiani, and six lay judges at"
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"Amanda Knox: Murder on Trial in Italy Amanda Knox: Murder on Trial in Italy (also known as The Amanda Knox Story) is a 2011 American true crime television film. It stars Hayden Panettiere as Amanda Knox, Paolo Romio as Raffaele Sollecito, Djibril Kébé as Rudy Guede and Amanda Fernando Stevens as Meredith Kercher, and first aired on the Lifetime network on February 21, 2011. Set between 2007 and 2009, ""Amanda Knox: Murder on Trial in Italy"" is based on the murder of Meredith Kercher in Perugia, Italy, and the subsequent trials of the suspects, Guede, Knox and Sollecito. It was"
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"the corpse finding at the lake by using the body of an unknown. Mignini came to wider public attention as the prosecutor who led the 2007 investigation into the murder of Meredith Kercher, and the subsequent prosecution of Rudy Guede, Amanda Knox and Raffaele Sollecito. The conviction of Knox and Sollecito was eventually annulled by the Supreme Court of Cassation On March 27, 2015. The conviction of Knox and Sollecito was eventually annulled by the Supreme Court of Cassation invokeing the provision of art. 530 § 2. of Italian Procedure Code (""reasonable doubt"") and ordered that no further trial should"
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"note Knox composed in the police station (not mentioning Guede) was regarded by the Supreme Court as confirmation that she and Guede were present in Via della Pergola 7 while Kercher was attacked. A retrial was ordered. Knox was represented, but remained in the United States. Judge Nencini presided at the retrial, and granted a prosecution request for analysis of previously unexamined DNA sample found on a kitchen knife of Sollecito, which the prosecution alleged was the murder weapon based on the forensic police reporting that Kercher's DNA was on it, a conclusion discredited by court-appointed experts at the appeal"
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"and began to focus not only on the ""Bible"" but on the larger world in which biblical events unfolded.” She has written and lectured on the subject of Biblical archaeology both in her book and elsewhere, speaking on the topic at the Center for Inquiry, in Los Angeles, Washington, D.C., and New York, as well as at the Oriental Institute in Chicago and at Duke University’s Seminar on Biblical archaeology and the media. In June 2009 Burleigh and her family moved to the Italian city of Perugia, where Knox was being tried on a murder charge, to write a book."
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"Knox had already served. She was immediately released, and returned to her Seattle home.) Knox wrote a letter to Corrado Maria Daclon, Secretary General of the Italy–USA Foundation, the day after regaining her freedom: On March 26, 2013, Italy's highest court, the Supreme Court of Cassation set aside the acquittals of the Hellmann second level trial on the grounds that it had gone beyond the remit of a ""Corte d'Assise d'Appello"" by not ordering new DNA tests and failing to give weight to circumstantial evidence in context such as Knox's accusation of the bar owner in the disputed interviews. A"
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"Nonfiction Special and Outstanding Writing for Nonfiction Programming. Amanda Knox (film) Amanda Knox is a 2016 American documentary film about Amanda Knox, twice convicted and later acquitted of the 2007 murder of Meredith Kercher. It premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 10, 2016 and on Netflix on September 30, 2016. Featuring interviews with Amanda Knox, her ex-boyfriend Raffaele Sollecito, Italian prosecutor Giuliano Mignini, and others involved in the case, the documentary chronicles the murder of Knox's roommate Meredith Kercher and the subsequent investigation, trials and appeals. Her notoriety bolstered by tabloid journalism, Knox was convicted of murder"
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"but in critical condition. She was swiftly transported to the hospital where she was soon pronounced dead. A few months later, on February 19, 1991, the body of Victoria Rhone was found in a train in a Portland rail yard. She had been tied up with the attacker's shirt and strangled to death. These murders were left unsolved for about two years. On May 30, 1991, a female victim of Cox was found alive in downtown Seattle. She had been beaten, bitten, raped, and left for dead. She had ligature marks around her neck and a wine bottle had been"
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"first interrogation. The prosecution then presents Amanda Knox 1.45 statement from early 6 November 2007, often misinterpreted as a ""confession"". The next day Collodi calls the scientific witnesses of the prosecution to the stand. Dr.Patrizia Stefanoni from the Polizia Scientifica testifies that a lot of Rudy Guede’s traces were found in the victim’s blood, that DNA traces of Knox were found in her house, also shoeprints of her and her bare footprints in Kerchers blood. She also heavily incriminates Sollecito. Regarding the two main pieces of evidence, the bra clasp and the alleged murder weapon, the double DNA knife, Stefanoni"
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"be worse."" On June 3, 2010, Bremner had automobile difficulties and called 9-1-1. A county sheriff suspected she was intoxicated and arrested her. She pleaded guilty to DUI on September 1 and was sentenced to two days in jail. Anne Bremner Anne Melani Bremner (born June 4, 1958) is an American attorney and television personality. She has been visible as a television commentator on a number of high-profile cases, including in the murder of Meredith Kercher in Italy as legal counsel and as a spokesperson for the Friends of Amanda Knox. Bremner was born in McAlester, Oklahoma. Bremner attended Stanford"
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"from abroad, giving it a vibrant social scene. In Perugia, Kercher shared a four-bedroom ground-floor flat in a house at Via della Pergola 7 Her flatmates were two Italian women in their late twenties, Filomena Romanelli and Laura Mezzetti, and a 20-year-old American student from the University of Washington, Amanda Knox, who was attending the University for Foreigners in Perugia on an exchange year. Kercher and Knox moved in on 10 and 20 September 2007, respectively, meeting each other for the first time. Kercher typically called her mother daily on a mobile phone; a second mobile phone she used was"
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"a year. On 19 November 2007, the Rome forensic police matched fingerprints found in Kercher's bedroom to Rudy Guede. On 20 November 2007, Guede was arrested in Germany, and Lumumba was released. The prosecution charged Guede with the murder. Knox became the subject of intense media attention. Shortly before her trial, she began legal action against Fiorenza Sarzanini, the author of a best-selling book about her which had been published in Italy. The book included accounts of events as imagined or invented by Sarzanini, witness transcripts not in the public domain, and selected excerpts from Knox's private journals, which Sarzanini"
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"be hosting a show, ""The Scarlet Letter Reports"", produced by Vice Media on its service. Amanda Knox grew up in Seattle, Washington, with three younger sisters. Her mother, Edda Mellas, a mathematics teacher, and her father, Curt Knox, a vice president of finance at the local Macy's, divorced when Amanda was a few years old. Her stepfather, Chris Mellas, is an information technology consultant. Knox first travelled to Italy at the age of 15, when she visited Rome, Pisa, the Amalfi Coast, and the ruins of Pompeii on a family holiday. Her interest in the country was increased by the"
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"Capanne prison on the outskirts of Perugia, with American prisoner Amanda Knox, and then campaigned for her until the acquittal verdict. The Secretary General of the Foundation, Corrado Maria Daclon, who became a close friend of Knox's while she was in prison, managed Knox's departure from the penitentiary of Perugia to the airport after the acquittal, when Knox returned to her home in Seattle. Knox wrote a letter to Corrado Maria Daclon the day after she was freed by prison, with her first words since she regaining freedom: ""To hold my hand and offer support and respect throughout the obstacles"
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"her involvement. A prolonged legal process, including a successful prosecution appeal against her acquittal at a second-level trial, continued after Knox was freed in 2011. On March 27, 2015, Italy's highest court definitively exonerated Knox and Sollecito. However, Knox's conviction for committing ""calunnia"" (calumny) against Lamumba was upheld by all courts. On January 14, 2016, Knox was acquitted of ""calunnia"" for saying she had been struck by policewomen during the interrogation. Knox subsequently became an author, an activist, and a journalist. Her memoir, ""Waiting to be Heard"", became a best seller. In December 2017, Facebook Watch announced that Knox would"
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"was ""just trying to make a living"" and that she felt sorry for Amanda Knox, pointing out that they were both investigated by the same prosecutor. She also said that she would seek monetary damages for ""muddying her name"" and planned to write a book about her experiences after arrest. Giuliano Mignini Giuliano Mignini (born 1950) is an Italian magistrate. He currently works as a public prosecutor in Perugia, Umbria. He is known for his involvement as the prosecutor in the investigation of the death of Dr. Francesco Narducci, who was found dead in the Trasimeno lake in 1985. Mignini"
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"Anne Bremner Anne Melani Bremner (born June 4, 1958) is an American attorney and television personality. She has been visible as a television commentator on a number of high-profile cases, including in the murder of Meredith Kercher in Italy as legal counsel and as a spokesperson for the Friends of Amanda Knox. Bremner was born in McAlester, Oklahoma. Bremner attended Stanford University, where she studied medieval history, graduating in 1980 with honors. She describes her student self as ""a liberal, an idealist, and a Democrat"" who was opposed to capital punishment. She went on to Seattle University School of Law,"
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"be determined. The medical examiner did note that she had suffered some broken ribs prior to her death; these injuries were not caused by her body being dragged along the rocks in the bay. Prosecutors suggested that she could have been suffocated or strangled in their home. The discovery of the bodies created a greater sense of urgency for Brocchini and Buehler, who had put a tracker on Peterson's car. Knowing that he was in San Diego at the time, they feared he would escape across the border to Mexico. Brocchini commented in 2017, ""I just thought, 'We've got to"
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"Knox. The extradition was argued before the United States Supreme Court in 1913 as Charlton v. Kelly. Charlton was convicted of murder in Italy in October 1915 and sentenced to six years and eight months in prison; since he had been in prison since his confession in June 1910, he served only twenty-nine additional days and returned from Naples to the US on the Italian liner SS America. Porter Charlton Porter Charlton was the son of a Puerto Rican federal judge who in 1910 confessed in New York, United States to murdering his wife at Lake Como in Italy and"
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"and American Amanda Knox were sentenced to 26 years imprisonment for the 2007 Murder of Meredith Kercher. They were released in 2011 after an appeal court found there was no credible evidence against them. Petty burglar Rudy Guede has been convicted of murder and sexual assault in connection with the death of Ms. Kercher. The Schiedammerpark murder case, as well as the similarly overturned case of the Putten murder, led to the installation of the ""Posthumus I committee"", which analyzed what had gone wrong in the Schiedammerpark Murder case, and came to the conclusion that confirmation bias led the police"
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"contacted by family members of Knox's classmates, including Mike Heavey, a superior court judge with whom she was previously acquainted. The group subsequently held fundraisers to pay for Knox's defense, lobby lawmakers, and conduct public relations activities, turning media focus toward the conduct of the prosecution, especially Perugia chief prosecutor Giuliano Mignini. Bremner made various television appearances regarding the case, describing Knox as ""naive"" and comparing her to the title character in the French film ""Amélie"". She represents the parents of Susan Powell, a homemaker who went missing in Utah in 2009, in their lawsuit for insurance money. The lawsuit"
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In the numbering system used in baseball scorekeeping (where the pitcher is #1, shortstop #6, etc), what position is #2?
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"commonly used (with the number scorekeepers use) are: pitcher (1), catcher (2), first baseman (3), second baseman (4), third baseman (5), shortstop (6), left fielder (7), center fielder (8), and right fielder (9). Note that, in rare cases, teams may use dramatically differing schemes, such as switching an outfielder for an infielder. The numbering convention was established by Henry Chadwick. The reason the shortstop seems out of order has to do with the way fielders positioned themselves in the early years of the game. Each position is weighted on the defensive spectrum in terms of difficulty. The most difficult position"
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"not list teams) Source: baseballreference.com Shortstop Shortstop, abbreviated SS, is the baseball or softball fielding position between second and third base, which is considered to be among the most demanding defensive positions. Historically the position was assigned to defensive specialists who were typically poor at batting and were often placed at the bottom of the batting order. Today shortstops are often able to hit well and many are placed at the top of the lineup. In the numbering system used by scorers to record defensive plays, the shortstop is assigned the number 6. More hit balls go to the shortstop"
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"Shortstop Shortstop, abbreviated SS, is the baseball or softball fielding position between second and third base, which is considered to be among the most demanding defensive positions. Historically the position was assigned to defensive specialists who were typically poor at batting and were often placed at the bottom of the batting order. Today shortstops are often able to hit well and many are placed at the top of the lineup. In the numbering system used by scorers to record defensive plays, the shortstop is assigned the number 6. More hit balls go to the shortstop than to any other position,"
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"there are fewer positions a left-handed player can occupy, and if that player is not fast, the outfield may not be a good fit. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the first baseman is assigned the number 3. Second base is the second of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a base runner in order to score a run for that player's team. Second base is typically defended by the second baseman and the shortstop. Second base is also known as the keystone sack. A runner on second base is"
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"player on the team is number 42. The original baseball numbers were based on the lineup. The starting players would be numbered 1-8, based on their spot in the order. The backup catcher would be number 9, and the pitchers would wear 10-14 (but not 13, as that is superstitious). Notable examples of this system are teammates Babe Ruth (he was number 3 and batted third for the Yankees) and Lou Gehrig (number 4, batted fourth). Several teams experimented with numbering-by-position during the 1930s. In , the Cincinnati Reds, under general manager Warren Giles, introduced what would be the longest-lasting"
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"scoring position, etc.-because the runners will be going on contact—that is, they run once the batter hits the ball. But if the batter records an out, then the inning ends with those runners left on base. ""Minimum 100 at bats; through 2013."" Scoring position In the sport of baseball, a baserunner is said to be in scoring position when they are on second or third base. The distinction between being on first base and second or third base is that a runner on first can usually only score if the batter hits an extra-base hit, while a runner on second"
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"""SB"" the number of stolen bases, and ""CS"" the number of caught stealing. formula_5 to formula_6 represent weighting coefficients. Baseball Reference eliminates pitcher batting results from its data, computes linear weights and wOBA coefficients for each league, then scales the values for each league and season. The positional adjustment is a value dependent on the player's position: +10.0 for a catcher, −10 for a first baseman, +3.0 for a second baseman, +2.0 for a third baseman, +7.5 for a shortstop, −7.5 for a left fielder, +2.5 for a center fielder, −7.5 for a right fielder, and −15.0 for a designated"
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"Second baseman In baseball and softball, second baseman is a fielding position in the infield, between second and first base. The second baseman often possesses quick hands and feet, needs the ability to get rid of the ball quickly, and must be able to make the pivot on a double play. In addition, second basemen are usually right-handed; only four left-handed throwing players have ever played second base in Major League Baseball since 1950. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the second baseman is assigned the number 4. Good second basemen need to have very good range,"
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"baseman in double play situations, which usually forces the player to throw towards first while his momentum carries him in the opposite direction. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the second baseman is assigned the number 4, and the shortstop 6. Third base is the third of four bases a base runner must touch in a counterclockwise succession in order to score a run. Many batted balls that result in the batter being put out (such as a sacrifice fly) may nevertheless allow a runner to reach home plate and score a run from third base, provided"
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"Position (team sports) Position in team sports refers to the joint arrangement of a team on its field of play during a game and to the standardized place of any individual player in that arrangement. Much instruction, strategy, and reporting is organized by a set of individual player positions that is standard for the sport. Some player positions may be official, others unofficial. For example, baseball rules govern the pitcher by that name, but not the shortstop, where pitcher and shortstop are two of baseball's nine fielding positions. For information about team or player positions in some particular sports, see:"
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"Position (team sports) Position in team sports refers to the joint arrangement of a team on its field of play during a game and to the standardized place of any individual player in that arrangement. Much instruction, strategy, and reporting is organized by a set of individual player positions that is standard for the sport. Some player positions may be official, others unofficial. For example, baseball rules govern the pitcher by that name, but not the shortstop, where pitcher and shortstop are two of baseball's nine fielding positions. For information about team or player positions in some particular sports, see:"
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"First baseman First base, or ""1B"", is the first of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner to score a run for that player's team. A first baseman is the player on the team playing defense who fields the area nearest first base, and is responsible for the majority of plays made at that base. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the first baseman is assigned the number 3. Also called first sacker or cornerman, the first baseman is ideally a tall player who throws left-handed and possesses good"
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"Scoring position In the sport of baseball, a baserunner is said to be in scoring position when they are on second or third base. The distinction between being on first base and second or third base is that a runner on first can usually only score if the batter hits an extra-base hit, while a runner on second or third can score on a single. This is also known as ""ducks on the pond"". Runners left in scoring position refers to the number of runners on second or third at the end of an inning and is an inverse measure"
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"effectiveness of the opposing team's offense. Many great defensive catchers toiled in relative anonymity, because they did not produce large offensive numbers. Notable examples of light-hitting, defensive specialists were Ray Schalk, Jim Hegan, Jim Sundberg and Brad Ausmus. Schalk's career batting average of .253 is the lowest of any position player in the Baseball Hall of Fame. That he was selected for enshrinement in 1955 was largely a tribute to his outstanding defensive skills. Catchers are often able to play first base and less commonly third base. In the numbering system used to record baseball plays, the catcher is assigned"
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"that the third and final out is not recorded before he can do so. A runner on third base is therefore particularly valuable to the batting team when fewer than two outs have been recorded. The third baseman is the defensive player whose responsibility is to defend the area nearest to third base. A third baseman ideally possesses quick reaction to batted balls and a strong arm to make the long throw to first base. The distance from 3rd to 1st is about . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the third baseman is assigned the number"
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"""to have every player in the lineup take a turn at bat during a single inning."" It is not an official statistic. Opinions differ as to whether nine batters must get an at-bat, or if the opening batter must bat again for ""batting around"" to have occurred. In modern American baseball, some batting positions have nicknames: ""leadoff"" for first, ""cleanup"" for fourth, and ""last"" for ninth. Others are known by the ordinal numbers or the term #-hole (3rd place hitter would be 3-hole). In similar fashion, the third, fourth, and fifth batters are often collectively referred to as the ""heart"""
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"the minimum innings pitched or at-bats will be ranked in the standings with 15 points for 1st place and so on until all qualifying teams have received points. Rosters shall consist of a lineup of 23 players and a bench of 6 reserve players. A team's active roster consists of the following players: 5 outfielders, 2 catchers, 1 second baseman, 1 shortstop, 1 middle infielder (either second baseman or shortstop), 1 first baseman, 1 third baseman, 1 corner infielder (first or third baseman), one utility player who may be of any position and 9 pitchers (who may be either starters,"
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"Third baseman A third baseman, abbreviated ""3B"", is the player in baseball whose responsibility is to defend the area nearest to third base — the third of four bases a baserunner must touch in succession to score a run. In the scoring system used to record defensive plays, the third baseman is assigned the number '5'. The third baseman requires good reflexes in reacting to batted balls, as he is often the closest infielder (roughly 90–120 feet) to the batter. The third base position requires a strong and accurate arm, as the third baseman often makes long throws to first"
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"time. In 2012, the No. 5 was worn by two Notre Dame starters—quarterback Everett Golson and linebacker Manti Te'o. In baseball, players generally wear large numbers on the back of their jersey. Some jerseys may also feature smaller numerals in other locations, such as on the sleeves, pants, or front of the shirt. The purpose of numerals in baseball is to allow for easy identification of players. Some players have been so associated with specific numbers that their jersey number has been officially ""retired"". The first team to retire a number was the New York Yankees, who retired Lou Gehrig's"
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"Save (baseball) In baseball, a save (abbreviated SV or S) is credited to a pitcher who finishes a game for the winning team under certain prescribed circumstances, described below. The number of saves, or percentage of save opportunities successfully converted, is an oft-cited statistic of relief pitchers, particularly those in the closer role. It became an official Major League Baseball (MLB) statistic in . Mariano Rivera is MLB's all-time leader in regular season saves with 652. The term ""save"" was being used as far back as 1952. Executives Jim Toomey of the St. Louis Cardinals, Allan Roth of the Los"
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"positioning is aimed at defending against the natural tendency of the hitter. Typically, the first and second batters are contact hitters, who try to make contact with the ball to put it in play, and then run fast to reach base. The third batter is generally the best all-around hitter on the team, who tries to help baserunners to score runs, and if possible to reach base himself. The fourth batter is the cleanup hitter, and is often a power hitter, who tries to hit home runs. The fifth and sixth batters often help baserunners to score runs. They often"
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"the batter out via. a ground out. However, in an instance where if the runner at 3rd base scoring ends the game immediately, a team may elect to have a fifth infielder, as to decrease the chances of a groundball getting through. The drawback is that it decreases the chance of an outfielder getting to a potential fly ball that may result in a play at the plate, however, any fair fly ball hit deep enough is good enough to end the game. For scorekeeping purposes, whatever position a player is listed as in the box score is the number"
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"in the area near home plate (such as dropped third strikes and wild pitches) or baserunning plays, most commonly when an opposing player attempts to steal a base. Due to the exceptional difficulty of the position, catchers are universally valued for their defensive prowess as opposed to their ability to hit. The four infielders are the ""first baseman"", ""second baseman"", ""shortstop"", and ""third baseman"". Originally the first, second and third basemen played very near their respective bases, and the shortstop generally played ""in"" (hence the term), covering the area between second, third, and the pitchers box, or wherever the game"
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"this case, he must battle the pitcher to get on base so that the ninth hitter can come up. That way, even if the ninth hitter gets out, the top of the order comes up next. Very often the #7 hitter is a catcher, commonly the slowest baserunner on a team whose lack of speed would contribute to a large number of double plays higher in the order even if he is a good hitter (Bill Freehan). The eighth batter is often a good contact hitter, and can be used as a back-up #2 hitter. In leagues without designated hitters"
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"reach base for the cleanup hitter, and part of it is to help drive in baserunners himself. Third-place hitters are best known for ""keeping the inning alive"". However, in recent years, some managers have tended to put their best slugger in this position. Typically the greatest hitters for a combination of power and OBP on their teams bat third, as is shown by the use of such hitters as Babe Ruth, Stan Musial, Mel Ott, Ted Williams, Willie Mays, Chipper Jones, Barry Bonds, Mickey Mantle, Carl Yastrzemski, Albert Pujols, Joey Votto, Andrew McCutchen, Miguel Cabrera, Ken Griffey Jr., Josh Hamilton,"
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"from first to second will most likely be advancing to third, and in that case, the shortstop will be the cut off for the throw from right field to third base. Shortstop can be one of the most difficult positions to play due to the number of balls being hit in that direction. The third baseman is the position on the right side of the diamond when you are facing home plate. They are responsible for fielding all balls hit their way including bunts. In fact, the third baseman fields more bunts than a pitcher and first baseman do. Third"
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"of Game 3 in a 16-1 loss against the Boston Red Sox in the 2018 American League Division Series. The only regulation game in which ""both"" pitchers of record were position players occurred on May 6, 2012, when the Baltimore Orioles' designated hitter Chris Davis was the winner in a 16-inning game against Boston while Red Sox outfielder Darnell McDonald took the loss. The pitcher's duty does not cease after he pitches the ball. Unlike the other fielders, a pitcher and catcher must start every play in a designated area. The pitcher must be on the pitcher's mound, with one"
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"base. Depending on the system the shortstop may cut balls from left field heading home; however, this is usually the job of the third baseman. The emphasis on defense makes the position unusually difficult to fill. Historically, a strong shortstop did not have to be a good hitter. Some of the weakest hitters in Major League Baseball have played the position, including Mario Mendoza, for whom George Brett popularized the eponymous Mendoza Line to describe a batting average below .200. Since the 1960s, however, such mediocre hitting has become rarer as teams increasingly demand players with ability to both field"
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"positions are 7 (left field), 8 (center field) and 9 (right field). These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms. Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron, Ty Cobb, Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mantle, Willie Mays, Stan Musial, Pete Rose, Babe Ruth, Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr. Players can be characterized as either corner outfielders or a center fielder. Corner outfielders are often slower and have less defensive value than the center fielder. However, there are some important differences between right fielders"
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"while the shortstop is credited with an assist. For a strikeout, the catcher is credited with a putout, because the batter is not out until the pitched ball is caught by the catcher. (If the catcher drops the third strike and has to throw the batter-runner out at first base, the first baseman receives the putout while the catcher receives an assist.) When an out is recorded without a fielder's direct involvement, such as where a runner is hit by a batted ball, the fielder nearest to the action is usually credited with the putout. Although pitchers seldom get credited"
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"bothered with something so small, and he said, 'Oh, you'd be surprised.' Oh no I wouldn't."" However, the number-by-position convention was never a formal rule, and a few National League clubs — notably the Los Angeles Dodgers — resisted the idea. The custom was slowly abandoned during the 1970s and 1980s. (In fact, in 1970, the Astros assigned Bouton his traditional number 56.) Today teams do not assign numbers based on any system; personal preference combined with retired numbers has made it impossible. However, a few trends do present themselves quite clearly: Infielders, especially shortstops and second basemen, tend to"
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"or ""meat"" of the batting order, while the seventh, eighth, and ninth batters are called the ""bottom of the lineup,"" a designation generally referring both to their hitting position and to their typical lack of offensive prowess. At the start of each inning, the batting order resumes where it left off in the previous inning, rather than resetting to start with the #1 hitter again. If the current batter has not finished his at-bat, by either putting a ball in play or being struck-out, and another baserunner becomes a third out, such as being picked-off or caught stealing, the current"
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"below what is optimal for the team in order to increase their chance of reaching the milestone. When a team goes out to bat, the best players bat first. The first three batsmen (number 1, 2, 3) are known as the ""top order""; the next four (numbers 4, 5, 6 and possibly 7) form the ""middle order"", and the last four (numbers 8, 9, 10 and 11) are the ""lower order"" or ""tail"". The specialist batsmen of a team usually bat near the top of the order, so as to score more runs. The ""openers"" or opening batsmen are the"
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Who is missing: Benjamin Franklin, Ulysses S. Grant, Andrew Jackson, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln?
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"prominent theatres can be purchased. The lobby is furnished with polished nickel-bronze cornices and rockwood stone. The grand clock, a 4000-lb bronze, was built by the Goldsmith's Company of London originally for the 1893 World Columbia Exposition in Chicago, but was purchased by the Waldorf owners. Its base is octagonal, with eight commemorative plaques of presidents George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, Andrew Jackson, Benjamin Harrison, and Grover Cleveland, and Queen Victoria and Benjamin Franklin. A shield once belonging to the Waldorf was moved to the Alexis restaurant on W. Franklin Street in 1984. Several boutiques surround the lobby,"
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"Independence Hall. Former president Abraham Lincoln also quoted Franklin to his host when he visited Salt Lake City in 1881. Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States. Following the War of Secession, Thomas Jefferson's status as a Virginian (and more substantively, his insistence on a weak central government) tarnished his memory considerably in the United States. Northern Founding Fathers such as John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and Alexander Hamilton were viewed much more favorably. Despite his contributions to the Federalist papers with Alexander Hamilton, James Madison later developed anti-Federalist sentiments and allied himself with Hamilton's archrival, Thomas Jefferson."
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"in 1809. The four stamps were modeled after various famous works of art. Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875) was the 17th President of the United States serving from 1865–1869. As a Unionist, he was the only Southern senator who didn't give up his post upon secession. Johnson was the most prominent War Democrat from the South and supported Lincoln's military policies during the Civil War of 1861–1865. Following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, Johnson presided over the Reconstruction era of the United States in the four years following the Civil War. Ulysses S. Grant (April"
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"Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was the 18th President of the United States from 1869 to 1877, Commanding General of the Army, soldier, international statesman, and author. During the American Civil War Grant led the Union Army to victory over the Confederacy with the supervision of President Abraham Lincoln. During the Reconstruction Era President Grant led the Republicans in their efforts to remove the vestiges of Confederate nationalism, racism, and slavery. From early childhood in Ohio, Grant was a skilled equestrian who had a talent for taming horses."
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"president was again able to secure a majority of the popular vote in two consecutive elections until Ulysses S. Grant in 1872. To date, only two other presidents from the Democratic party were ever able to replicate this feat: Franklin D. Roosevelt (for the first time in 1936) and Barack Obama (in 2012). Furthermore, no president succeeded in securing re-election again until Abraham Lincoln in 1864. In spite of his achievement, Jackson was the second of only five presidents to win re-election with a smaller percentage of the popular vote than in the prior election. The other four are James"
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"Ulysses S. Grant Memorial The Ulysses S. Grant Memorial is a presidential memorial in Washington, D.C., honoring American Civil War general and 18th United States President Ulysses S. Grant. It sits at the base of Capitol Hill (Union Square, the Mall, 1st Street, between Pennsylvania Avenue and Maryland Avenue), below the west front of the United States Capitol. Its sculpture of Grant on horseback faces west, overlooking the Capitol Reflecting Pool and facing toward the Lincoln Memorial, which honors Grant's wartime president, Abraham Lincoln. Grant's statue rests on a pedestal decorated with bronze reliefs of the infantry; flanking pedestals hold"
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"Abraham Lincoln to be nominated for a second term, although he lost the 1840 election, and so only served one term. In spite of the strong two-term tradition, a few presidents prior to Franklin Roosevelt did attempt to secure a third term. Following Ulysses S. Grant's reelection victory in 1872, there were serious discussions within Republican political circles about the possibility of his running again in 1876. Interest in a third term for Grant evaporated however, in the light of negative public opinion and opposition from members of Congress, and Grant left the presidency in 1877, after two terms. Even"
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"Adams, still smarting over the outcome of the election of 1800, did not remain in Washington to witness the inauguration of Thomas Jefferson, his successor. In 1829, John Quincy Adams also left town, unwilling to be present to see Andrew Jackson's accession to the White House. In 1869, Andrew Johnson was angrily conducting a cabinet meeting even as his successor, Ulysses S. Grant, was being inaugurated. More recently, Woodrow Wilson did not attend Warren G. Harding's 1921 inauguration (though he rode to the Capitol with him), nor did Richard Nixon attend Gerald Ford's 1974 inauguration (having left Washington, D.C., prior"
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"Lincoln rather than Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President (the two were not related). Counties and/or towns in Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Missouri, North Carolina, and Tennessee are named in his honor, as are communities in North Carolina (Lincolnton), Georgia (Lincolnton),Vermont (Lincoln), and Maine (Lincolnville). Streets in Columbia, South Carolina, and Savannah, Georgia, bear his name, as does Lincoln Hall at the United States Coast Guard Training Center in Yorktown, Virginia. Lincoln's lifelong home still stands. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1972, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Benjamin Lincoln Benjamin Lincoln (January 24, 1733"
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"James Alexander Hamilton James Alexander Hamilton (April 14, 1788 – September 24, 1878) was an American soldier, acting Secretary of State, and the third son of Alexander Hamilton, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He entered politics as a Democrat and supporter of Andrew Jackson. Hamilton was born on April 14, 1788, the fourth child of American founding father Alexander Hamilton and Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton. Hamilton later wrote of his childhood: [Alexander] Hamilton's gentle nature rendered his house a joyous one to his children ... His intercourse with his children was always affectionate and confiding, which excited"
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"when it was organized in 1871. He was also a founder of the Union League Club. Alexander Hamilton Jr. (1816–1889) Alexander Hamilton Jr. (January 26, 1816 – December 30, 1889), was the son of James Alexander Hamilton, and the grandson of Alexander Hamilton, one of the founding fathers of the United States. Hamilton was born on January 26, 1816 in New York City. He was the third of five children, and the only son, born to James Alexander Hamilton (1788–1878) and Mary Morris, the daughter of Robert Morris and Frances Ludlum and the sister of Lewis Gouverneur Morris (1808–1900). His"
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"Despite this, a states-rights-based defense of slavery persisted amongst Southerners until the American Civil War; conversely, Northerners explored nullification of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. Abraham Lincoln kept a portrait of Andrew Jackson above his desk at the War Department during efforts to defend the Constitution as understood by a national majority of people and states at that time. In the mid-19th Century during the administrations of Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson and Ulysses S. Grant, the United States suffered a tragic passage through the Civil War and Reconstruction. An important survey of the philosophical and legal underpinnings of ""States"
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"of victory was under 5% (93 electoral votes) 1868 United States presidential election The United States presidential election of 1868 was the 21st quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 3, 1868. In the first election of the Reconstruction Era, Republican nominee Ulysses S. Grant defeated Democrat Horatio Seymour. It was the first presidential election to take place after the conclusion of the American Civil War and the abolition of slavery. Incumbent President Andrew Johnson had succeeded to the presidency in 1865 following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, a Republican. Johnson, a War Democrat from Tennessee, had served as Lincoln's"
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"Abraham Lincoln in 1862, and re-appointed by President Andrew Johnson, and died in office. Thomas Clowes Thomas Clowes (August 5, 1791 Marblehead, Essex County, Massachusetts - April 9, 1866) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. His father and uncles were seafaring men. While a boy he went to sea with his uncle, making two voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. In 1808, he went to live with an uncle, who had settled in Brunswick, Rensselaer County, New York, with the promise of becoming heir to his property. After the death of his uncle, he went to the county"
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"Other Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 16th President of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the nation through the Civil War, its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. Born in Kentucky, Lincoln grew up on the western frontier in a poor family. Self-educated, he became a lawyer in Illinois. As a Whig Party leader, he served"
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"Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 16th President of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the nation through the Civil War, its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. Born in Kentucky, Lincoln grew up on the western frontier in a poor family. Self-educated, he became a lawyer in Illinois. As a Whig Party leader, he served eight"
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"Lincoln's arrival in Massachusetts was commemorated with the dedication of a tablet at the Old Ship Church in Hingham, Massachusetts, USA. President Abraham Lincoln is honored by a bust in the church of St Andrew's in Hingham, Norfolk, England, unveiled in a 1919 ceremony by then-American Ambassador John W. Davis. Samuel Lincoln's father Edward, who remained in Hingham, England, died on February 11, 1640, and was buried in the graveyard of St Andrew's Church. Samuel Lincoln Samuel Lincoln (died May 26, 1690) was an Englishman and progenitor of many notable United States political figures, including his 4th great-grandson, President Abraham"
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"Alexander Hamilton Jr. (1816–1889) Alexander Hamilton Jr. (January 26, 1816 – December 30, 1889), was the son of James Alexander Hamilton, and the grandson of Alexander Hamilton, one of the founding fathers of the United States. Hamilton was born on January 26, 1816 in New York City. He was the third of five children, and the only son, born to James Alexander Hamilton (1788–1878) and Mary Morris, the daughter of Robert Morris and Frances Ludlum and the sister of Lewis Gouverneur Morris (1808–1900). His paternal grandparents were Alexander Hamilton (1755–1804), the first Secretary of the Treasury, and Eliza Schuyler (1757–1854)."
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"Jefferson Memorial The Jefferson Memorial is a presidential memorial in Washington, D.C., dedicated to Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826), one of the most important of the American Founding Fathers as the main drafter and writer of the Declaration of Independence, member of the Continental Congress, governor of the newly independent Commonwealth of Virginia, American minister to King Louis XVI, and the Kingdom of France, first U.S. Secretary of State under the first President George Washington, the second Vice President of the United States under second President John Adams, and also the third President (1801–1809), as well as being the founder of the"
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"Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (April 13, [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, and the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Previously, he had been elected the second Vice President of the United States, serving under John Adams from 1797 to 1801. Jefferson was a proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights motivating American colonists to break from the Kingdom of Great Britain and form a new nation; he produced formative documents and decisions at both the state and national level. Jefferson"
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"missing or been stolen over the years. The layer of green corrosion on the memorial's bronze was removed to return it to its original brown color. Ulysses S. Grant Memorial The Ulysses S. Grant Memorial is a presidential memorial in Washington, D.C., honoring American Civil War general and 18th United States President Ulysses S. Grant. It sits at the base of Capitol Hill (Union Square, the Mall, 1st Street, between Pennsylvania Avenue and Maryland Avenue), below the west front of the United States Capitol. Its sculpture of Grant on horseback faces west, overlooking the Capitol Reflecting Pool and facing toward"
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"1898. He came close to purchasing the Danish West Indies, but the Senate never voted on the treaty. Another treaty that fared badly was the Johnson-Clarendon convention, negotiated in settlement of the ""Alabama"" Claims, for damages to American shipping from British-built Confederate raiders. Negotiated by the United States Minister to Britain, former Maryland senator Reverdy Johnson, in late 1868, it was ignored by the Senate during the remainder of Johnson's term. The treaty was rejected after he left office, and the Grant administration later negotiated a treaty with considerably better terms for the United States. Ulysses S. Grant emerged as"
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"20% of Washington's population, attended the dedication. Dignitaries at the dedication included President Andrew Johnson, General Ulysses S. Grant, General William Tecumseh Sherman, and General Winfield Scott Hancock. Supreme Court Justices and members of Congress were not in attendance because Johnson's impeachment trial was taking place. A Masonic ceremony, along with music and prayers, took place at the dedication before the main speech by Major General Benjamin Brown French. Following the speech, Washington mayor Richard Wallach introduced Johnson, who uncovered the statue. The crowd cheered, followed by more music and finally a benediction. In 1919, the memorial was dismantled and"
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"Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 July 31, 1875) was the 17th President of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. Johnson assumed the presidency as he was Vice President of the United States at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. A Democrat who ran with Lincoln on the National Union ticket, Johnson came to office as the Civil War concluded. The new president favored quick restoration of the seceded states to the Union. His plans did not give protection to the former slaves, and he came into conflict with the Republican-dominated Congress, culminating in his"
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"At his left elbow, James Madison observes the proceedings. Between Jackson's right hand and head is William Paterson. Seated in the center is the eighty-one-year-old Benjamin Franklin, and Alexander Hamilton leaning toward him. Standing directly behind Hamilton is Gouverneur Morris of Pennsylvania. The South Carolina delegation is depicted in the left corner of the painting. Seated in the left of the painting is the twenty-six-year-old Jonathan Dayton, with Rufus King on his left and Nathaniel Gorham on his right. They are easily distinguished by their multi-colored silk coats. Representative Sol Bloom, the Director General of the United States Constitution Sesquicentennial"
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"References Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 July 31, 1875) was the 17th President of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. Johnson assumed the presidency as he was Vice President of the United States at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. A Democrat who ran with Lincoln on the National Union ticket, Johnson came to office as the Civil War concluded. The new president favored quick restoration of the seceded states to the Union. His plans did not give protection to the former slaves, and he came into conflict with the Republican-dominated Congress, culminating in"
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"T. Coleman DuPont gave Nevis to Columbia University for the ""establishment of a horticultural and landscape architecture center."" Today the Nevis estate is a physics and biological research facility operated by Columbia University. James Alexander Hamilton James Alexander Hamilton (April 14, 1788 – September 24, 1878) was an American soldier, acting Secretary of State, and the third son of Alexander Hamilton, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He entered politics as a Democrat and supporter of Andrew Jackson. Hamilton was born on April 14, 1788, the fourth child of American founding father Alexander Hamilton and Elizabeth Schuyler"
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"""lying upon the counter in midday telling stories."" During the last ten years of his life, Hamilton resided in New Brunswick, New Jersey and in New York City, where he moved after the death of his wife in 1871. Hamilton died, having had no children, on August 2, 1875, at his home, 83 Clinton Place, in Greenwich Village. Alexander Hamilton Jr. Colonel Alexander Hamilton Jr. (May 16, 1786 – August 2, 1875) was the third child and the second son of Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton and Alexander Hamilton, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. By the age of"
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"Lincoln Memorial at Waterfront Park Lincoln Memorial at Waterfront Park is a statue of Abraham Lincoln, depicted as he would have looked before he became President of the United States. The sculpture of him is bareheaded, seated on a rock with an open law book in one hand and the other in an outstretched, welcoming gesture. The statue is located at Waterfront Park in Louisville, Kentucky. The Lincoln Memorial in Louisville is part of the Lincoln Heritage Trail. The statue and its accompanying bas-relief historical panels were created by American sculptor Ed Hamilton. Landscape design for Waterfront Park was by"
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"on the $10 bill. Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757July 12, 1804) was an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the founder of the nation's financial system, the Federalist Party, the United States Coast Guard, and the ""New York Post"" newspaper. As the first Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton was the main author of the economic policies of George Washington's administration. He took the lead in the Federal government's funding of the states' debts, as well as"
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"– July 4, 1831), fifth President of the United States, served two terms from 1817 to 1825. John Quincy Adams (July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was the sixth President of the United States from March 4, 1825, to March 4, 1829. He has appeared on the following two U.S. postage stamps: Andrew Jackson, seventh President of the United States, served from 1829–1837. He was the commander of the American forces at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815. Jackson died in 1845, and the Post Office first released a stamp in his honor 18 years after his death,"
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"Alexander Hamilton (Conrads) Alexander Hamilton is an outdoor granite sculpture by Carl Conrads, located in Central Park, Manhattan. Hamilton's son, John C. Hamilton, commissioned Conrads to sculpt this statue, which was dedicated on November 22, 1880 and donated to the city. Conrads used the bust of Hamilton created by the sculptor Giuseppe Ceracchi as a model for Hamilton's head. American founding father Alexander Hamilton lived nearby in Manhattan, at Hamilton Grange, when he died in 1804. Hamilton is dressed in Colonial style with a wig, ruffled collar, knickers, and buckle shoes. His right hand is on his chest, while his"
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"William H. Johnson William Henry Johnson (March 4, 1833 – January 28, 1864) was a free African American, and the personal valet of Abraham Lincoln. Having first met Lincoln in Springfield, Illinois, he accompanied the President-Elect to Washington, D.C. Once there, he was employed in various jobs, part-time as President's valet and barber, and as a messenger for the Treasury Department at $600 per year. On November 18, 1863, Johnson traveled by train with Lincoln to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, for the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery, where Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address. On the return trip, Lincoln became ill with"
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President Obama is not the first sitting US president to win a peace prize. Who was the first president to win a Nobel Prize?
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"committee feared being labeled naïve for accepting a young politician's promises at face value"", stating that ""no one could deny that 'the international climate' had suddenly improved, and that Mr. Obama was the main reason...'We want to embrace the message that he stands for."" Obama was the fourth U.S. President to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, after Theodore Roosevelt (1906) and Woodrow Wilson (1919)—both of whom received the award during their terms—and Jimmy Carter (2002), who received the award 21 years after leaving office. In addition, then-sitting Vice President Charles Dawes was a co-winner with Austen Chamberlain (1925), and"
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"2009 Nobel Peace Prize The 2009 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to United States President Barack Obama for his ""extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between people"". The Norwegian Nobel Committee announced the award on October 9, 2009, citing Obama's promotion of nuclear nonproliferation and a ""new climate"" in international relations fostered by Obama, especially in reaching out to the Muslim world. The Nobel Committee's decision drew mixed reactions from US commentators and editorial writers across the political spectrum, as well as from the rest of the world. Obama accepted the prize in Oslo on December 10, 2009."
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"in Oslo, Norway on December 10, 2009, with ""deep gratitude and great humility."" The award drew a mixture of praise and criticism from world leaders and media figures. Obama's peace prize was called a ""stunning surprise"" by ""The New York Times"". Obama is the fourth U.S. president to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and the third to become a Nobel laureate while in office. Obama's Nobel Prize has been viewed skeptically in subsequent years, especially after the director of the Nobel Institute, Geir Lundestad, said Obama's Peace Prize did not have the desired effect. Barack Obama's presidency ended at"
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"and other countries. Carter and the Center support human rights defenders around the world and have intervened with heads of state on their behalf. In 2002, President Carter received the Nobel Peace Prize for his work ""to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development"" through The Carter Center. Three sitting presidents, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Barack Obama, have received the prize; Carter is unique in receiving the award for his actions after leaving the presidency. He is, along with Martin Luther King Jr., one of only two"
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"in 1994 for their efforts in making peace between Israel and Palestine. Immediately after the award was announced, one of the five Norwegian Nobel Committee members denounced Arafat as a terrorist and resigned. Additional misgivings about Arafat were widely expressed in various newspapers. Another controversial Peace Prize was that awarded to Barack Obama in 2009. Nominations had closed only eleven days after Obama took office as President of the United States, but the actual evaluation occurred over the next eight months. Obama himself stated that he did not feel deserving of the award, or worthy of the company it would"
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"along with a check for €122,000, by an international jury composed of 11 persons from five continents, led by former United States Secretary of State and Nobel Peace Prize winner Henry Kissinger. The prize was first awarded in 1991 to Nelson Mandela, president of the African National Congress, and Frederik Willem de Klerk, president of the Republic of South Africa, and has been awarded each year since, with the exception of 2001 and 2004. Félix Houphouët-Boigny Félix Houphouët-Boigny (; 18 October 1905 – 7 December 1993), affectionately called Papa Houphouët or Le Vieux (The Old One), was the first President"
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"25, 2011, Obama became the first President of the United States to address both houses of the UK Parliament in Westminster Hall, London. This was only the fifth occurrence since the start of the 20th century of a head of state being extended this invitation, following Charles de Gaulle in 1960, Nelson Mandela in 1996, Queen Elizabeth II in 2002 and Pope Benedict XVI in 2010. On October 9, 2009, the Norwegian Nobel Committee announced that Obama had won the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize ""for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples"". Obama accepted this award"
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"special gift is to make them seem achievable by appealing to our higher nature."" It was also received well by columnists in ""The Washington Post"". Abroad, British historian Simon Schama said of the speech that ""in its seriousness, bravery and clarity, [it] was on a par with FDR and Churchill"" and ""summoned the spirit of Cicero"". 2009 Nobel Peace Prize The 2009 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to United States President Barack Obama for his ""extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between people"". The Norwegian Nobel Committee announced the award on October 9, 2009, citing Obama's promotion of"
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"Syria chief amongst them – they can sometimes provide the necessary momentum to see it through."" The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded by the Norwegian Nobel Committee: 2016 Nobel Peace Prize The 2016 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the President of Colombia Juan Manuel Santos ""for his resolute efforts to bring the country’s more than 50-year-long civil war to an end, a war that has cost the lives of at least 220,000 Colombians and displaced close to six million people."" The conflict is the longest running war, and last remaining guerrilla struggle, in the Americas. The Nobel Peace Prize"
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"global level and global peace make him the appropriate recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize,"" said Siamak Hirai, a spokesman for Karzai. Taliban spokesman Zabiullah Mujahid said the decision was ridiculous, saying, ""The Nobel prize for peace? Obama should have won the 'Nobel Prize for escalating violence and killing civilians."" Indonesia's, Masdar Mas'udi, deputy head of the Islamic organisation Nahdlatul Ulama, praised Obama's policy towards his country as confirmation of his worthiness as a Nobel laureate. ""I think it's appropriate because he is the only American president who has reached out to us in peace,"" he said. ""On the issues"
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"Berlin), 19 to Belgium, nine to Switzerland, six to Austria, and five to the Netherlands. No president has yet visited Liechtenstein, Luxembourg or Monaco. United States presidential visits to Western Europe Thirteen United States presidents have made presidential visits to Western Europe. The first visits by an incumbent President to countries in Western Europe were made in 1918 and 19 by Woodrow Wilson in the aftermath of World War I. He was awarded the 1919 Nobel Peace Prize for his peacemaking efforts. Visits occurring during the 1940s through 1980s were offshoots of American diplomatic interactions following World War II and"
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"of the most militarized country in the world, which has taken the human family against its will to war, will be rightly seen by many people around the world as a reward for his country's aggression and domination."" Lech Wałęsa, (1983) cofounder of the Solidarity trade union, and former president of Poland said the award was premature. ""He has not yet made a real input."" The 14th Dalai Lama congratulated Obama. United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon praised the Nobel Committee's choice. ""We are entering an era of renewed multilateralism [...] President Obama embodies the new spirit of dialogue and engagement"
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"Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential bid. In October 2009, President Barack Obama received the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize, an event widely reported as ""surprising"" to even the President and his advisers. Conservatives and others in the media ridiculed the selection process and the President. Criticisms ranged from claims that Obama was undeserving, to the fact that he had been nominated only twelve days after his inauguration, to claims that the Nobel Peace Prize is anti-American. In an October 9, 2009 public statement, RNC Chairman Michael Steele issued a public statement which rhetorically asked what Obama achievement the Nobel Prize recognized. Woodhouse,"
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"began to recognize nuclear disarmament efforts In the award presentation speech on December 10, 2017, Nobel Committee Chair Berit Reiss-Andersen recalled that ""twelve Peace Prizes have been awarded, in whole or in part,"" to honor ""efforts against the proliferation of nuclear weapons and for nuclear disarmament,"" and included 2009 Nobelist Barack Obama. 2017 Nobel Peace Prize The 2017 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) ""for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition on"
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"There have been a number of calls for Obama to either return the award or to have the Nobel Committee recall it, most recently in 2013. In April 2013 a petition was begun asking the Nobel Committee to rescind the Peace Prize. The petition garnered 10,000 signatures in its first day and nearly 20,000 by the end of its first week. Nobel laureate and former U.S. Vice President Al Gore called the award ""extremely well deserved"". Obama received congratulations and kind words from other elected officials, such as from House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and former rival, Senator John McCain, who"
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"your approach celebrates our common humanity."" Zimbabwe Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai, who was touted as a possible Nobel laureate, said Obama deserved the honor. In 2011 Bolivian President Evo Morales and Russian Liberal Democratic Party leader Vladimir Zhirinovsky condemned the award calling it hypocritical in light of US policy during the Libyan Civil War. After the death of Anwar al-Awlaki and his son Abdulrahman al-Awlaki by CIA predator drones in Yemen, Nasser al-Awlaki, the father and grandfather of Anwar and Abdulrahman respectively, released an audio message condemning the killings: President Obama accepted the Nobel Peace prize in person at the"
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"W. Bush for the Nobel Peace Prize. In his statement to the Associated Press, Nesvik justified the claimed nomination, which was controversial to some, as follows: ""The background for my nomination is their decisive action against terrorism, something I believe in the future will be the greatest threat to peace... Unfortunately, sometimes... you have to use force to secure peace."" The 2002 Nobel Prize was in the end awarded to former US President Jimmy Carter. Non-winning Nobel nominations are kept secret for 50 years by the Nobel committee, so Nesvik's claim is not officially verifiable until 2052. Harald T. Nesvik"
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"2016 Nobel Peace Prize The 2016 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the President of Colombia Juan Manuel Santos ""for his resolute efforts to bring the country’s more than 50-year-long civil war to an end, a war that has cost the lives of at least 220,000 Colombians and displaced close to six million people."" The conflict is the longest running war, and last remaining guerrilla struggle, in the Americas. The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded annually to those who have ""done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and"
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"former Vice President Al Gore was a co-winner with the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) Obama was the first U.S. president to receive the award during his first year in office (at eight and a half months, after being nominated less than two weeks in office), although several other world leaders were awarded in the year following their election to national office, including Óscar Arias (1987) and Aung San Suu Kyi (1991). Obama said he was ""surprised"" and ""deeply humbled"" by the award. In remarks given at the White House Rose Garden on the day of the announcement,"
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"committee for a ""hideous display of cynical politics"". Stuart Rees, director of the Sydney Peace Foundation in Australia, questioned the award. ""Perhaps the Nobel organisation wants to give him a magic wand. I think the guy is full of promise, but I don't think the promise has been realised yet particularly in regards the Middle East."" In Asia and the Middle East: Afghanistan, President Hamid Karzai said that Obama was the ""appropriate"" person to win the Nobel Peace Prize. ""His hard work and his new vision on global relations, his will and efforts for creating friendly and good relations at"
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"nine months into Obama's first term as president, received criticism that it was undeserved, premature and politically motivated. Obama himself said that he felt ""surprised"" by the win and did not consider himself worthy of the award, but nonetheless accepted it. Obama's peace prize was called a ""stunning surprise"" by ""The New York Times"". Much of the surprise arose from the fact that nominations for the award had been due by 1 February 2009, only 12 days after Obama took office. In an October 2011 interview, Thorbjørn Jagland, chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, was asked whether Obama had lived"
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"Obama stated, ""I do not view it as a recognition of my own accomplishments but rather an affirmation of American leadership on behalf of aspirations held by people in all nations."" ""Throughout history, the Nobel Peace Prize has not just been used to honor specific achievement; it's also been used as a means to give momentum to a set of causes,"" Obama said. ""And that is why I will accept this award as a call to action — a call for all nations to confront the common challenges of the 21st century."" He said those common challenges included the goal"
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"of race, religion, skin colour, he has an open attitude."" Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama, Indian President Pratibha Patil and Israeli President and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Shimon Peres sent congratulatory messages to Obama, but Iranian Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki told reporters that ""the decision was taken hastily and the award was [too] early."" In Latin America, former Cuban President Fidel Castro called the award ""positive"" and said the prize should be seen as a criticism to the ""genocidal policy"" carried out by past U.S. presidents. Venezuelan Foreign Minister Nicolás Maduro said the award was a surprise and perhaps premature."
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"borne repeated imprisonment ... and [call] on the government of China to cease censoring media and internet reporting of the award of the Nobel Peace Prize to Liu Xiaobo and to cease its campaign of defamation against Liu Xiaobo."" The Chinese Foreign Ministry responded by accusing US lawmakers of possessing an ""arrogant and unreasonable attitude"" and ""lacking respect for China's judicial sovereignty."" Ahead of the award ceremony, Barack Obama said ""Mr Liu Xiaobo is far more deserving of this award than I was ... [He] reminds us that human dignity also depends upon the advance of democracy, open society, and"
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"place him in. Past Peace Prize laureates were divided, some saying that Obama deserved the award, and others saying he had not secured the achievements to yet merit such an accolade. Obama's award, along with the previous Peace Prizes for Jimmy Carter and Al Gore, also prompted accusations of a left-wing bias. The award of the 2004 Literature Prize to Elfriede Jelinek drew a protest from a member of the Swedish Academy, Knut Ahnlund. Ahnlund resigned, alleging that the selection of Jelinek had caused ""irreparable damage to all progressive forces, it has also confused the general view of literature as"
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"nationality of the candidates, but that the most worthy shall receive the prize, whether he be a Scandinavian or not..."" The justification for award to Barack Obama was anchored in the work he had done to restart the START agreements with Russia and for promotion of dialogue with the Muslim world. The Nobel Peace Prize for 2012 was awarded to the European Union for ""...have for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe."" The Nobel Peace Prize for 2013 was awarded to the Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons OPCW"
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"award. Some past recipients have been: Danielle Mitterrand, former First Lady of France, in 1989 for her work with children in Third World countries. President George H. W. Bush in 1991 for his role in bringing peace and democracy to the Middle East during and after the Gulf War. King Juan Carlos I of Spain, 1991, for peacefully bringing democracy to his country. Laura Bush, 2002, for her career in bettering children’s education. Oprah Winfrey, 2007, for her global humanitarian efforts, and education of children. Nicolas Sarkozy, former French President, won the award in 2008 for renewing ties with WW2"
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"has achieved, through direct personal contacts across boundaries, widely recognized advances toward President Eisenhower’s vision of peace and productivity through person-to-person international dialogue. Notable recipients include Presidents Gerald Ford and George H.W. Bush, United States Secretaries of State Colin Powell, Henry Kissinger and George Shultz, U.S. Treasury Secretary Douglas Dillon, Federal Reserve Board Chairman Alan Greenspan, Nobel Prize winner and economist Dr. Amartya Sen, Professor Muhammad Yunus, and founding Trustees Ambassadors Walter H. Annenberg and Thomas J. Watson, Jr. The Eisenhower Medal is conferred annually at a private gala dinner with Trustees, sponsors, and Fellows. Annually, outstanding Fellows are recognized"
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"on the world's biggest problems: climate change, nuclear disarmament and a wide range of peace and security challenges."" In Europe, French President Nicolas Sarkozy said the award would reinforce Obama's determination to work for justice and peace. He added that the award ""finally confirms the return of America in the hearts of all the peoples of the world"". Russian prime minister Dmitry Medvedev said the award will encourage warmer U.S.–Russian relations, and he hoped it would ""serve as an additional incentive"" for both governments to foster a better ""climate in world politics"". British Prime Minister Gordon Brown sent a private"
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"Living presidents of the United States This article shows the variation in the number of living presidents of the United States from the inauguration of the first president of the United States in 1789 until the present. The following table includes all persons who have taken the presidential oath of office. (Persons who served as Acting President of the United States or as President of the Continental Congress are not included.) Currently, in addition to the incumbent, Donald Trump, there are four living former presidents: Jimmy Carter (1977–1981), Bill Clinton (1993–2001), George W. Bush (2001–2009), and Barack Obama (2009–2017). Number"
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"for 1985, the late Irish senator and peace campaigner Gordon Wilson for 1987, former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev for 1988, the late South African president Nelson Mandela for 1989, former US president Bill Clinton for 2000, former New York mayor Rudy Giuliani for 2001, John O’Shea, founder of the charity Goal for 2003, the late Pakistani president Benazir Bhutto for 2007, the late US Senator Edward Kennedy for 2009, Afghan human rights campaigner Dr Sima Samar for 2010, former Irish president, Mary McAleese and her husband, senator Martin McAleese for 2011, Pakistani activist for female education and youngest-ever Nobel Prize"
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"States President, 2003: Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa, 2005: George W. Bush, 43rd United States President, 2007: Stephen Harper, Prime Minister of Canada, 2009: Barack Obama, 44th United States President, 2011: Julia Gillard, Prime Minister of Australia, 2013: Barack Obama, 44th United States President, 2015: Park Geun-hye, President of South Korea, 2017: Donald Trump, 45th United States President. There is no prize money awarded at the Presidents Cup. The net proceeds are distributed to charities nominated by the players, captains, and captains' assistants. The first ten Presidents Cups raised over US$32 million for charities around the world. Of the"
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"Nobel Peace Prize for his role in non-violent, moral leadership. However, some scholars note that the movement was too diverse to be credited to any one person, organization, or strategy. Before the American Civil War, almost four million blacks were enslaved in the South, only white men of property could vote, and the Naturalization Act of 1790 limited U.S. citizenship to whites only. But some free states of the North extended the franchise and other rights of citizenship to African Americans. Following the Civil War, three constitutional amendments were passed, including the 13th Amendment (1865) that ended slavery; the 14th"
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December 11, 1941 saw what 2 countries declare war on the United States?
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"Military history of the United States during World War II The military history of the United States in World War II covers the war against Germany, Italy, and Japan, starting with the 7 December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor. During the first two years of World War II, the United States had maintained formal neutrality as made official in the Quarantine Speech delivered by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937, while supplying Britain, the Soviet Union, and China with war materiel through the Lend-Lease Act which was signed into law on 11 March 1941, as well as deploying the"
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"1941 — a date which will live in infamy — the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan."" On December 8, Congress voted almost unanimously to declare war against Japan. On December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States, which responded in kind. Roosevelt portrayed the war as a crusade against the aggressive dictatorships that threatened peace and democracy throughout the world. In late December 1941, Churchill and Roosevelt met at the Arcadia Conference, which established a joint strategy between the U.S. and Britain."
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"Italian declaration of war on the United States On December 11, 1941, Italy declared war on the United States in response to that country's declaration of war upon the Empire of Japan following the attack on Pearl Harbor four days earlier. Germany also declared war on the U.S. the same day. The US immediately responded by declaring war on Germany and Italy, thus thrusting the United States in fighting two major fronts across the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans in World War II. On December 7, 1941, 353 aircraft of the Empire of Japan attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl"
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"German declaration of war against the United States On 11 December 1941, four days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States declaration of war against the Japanese Empire, Nazi Germany declared war against the United States, in response to what was claimed to be a series of provocations by the United States government when the US was still officially neutral during World War II. The decision to declare war was made by Adolf Hitler, apparently offhand, almost without consultation. Later that day, the United States declared war on Germany. The course of relations between Germany and"
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"in a state of war with the United States of America. Accept, Mr. Charge d'Affaires, the expression of my high consideration. December 11, 1941. RIBBENTROP. Notes Bibliography German declaration of war against the United States On 11 December 1941, four days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States declaration of war against the Japanese Empire, Nazi Germany declared war against the United States, in response to what was claimed to be a series of provocations by the United States government when the US was still officially neutral during World War II. The decision to declare war"
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"take place in the Dutch East Indies, Thailand, or the Philippines. After Pearl Harbor, antiwar sentiment in the United States evaporated overnight. For the first time since the early 19th century, foreign policy became the top priority for the American public. Roosevelt called for war in his famous ""Infamy Speech"" to Congress, in which he said: ""Yesterday, December 7, 1941 — a date which will live in infamy — the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan."" On December 8, Congress voted almost unanimously to declare war against"
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"1941 (December 8 in Japan), the Empire of Japan began an undeclared war upon the United Kingdom (invading Hong Kong and Malaya), Canada, and the United States (attacking Pearl Harbor). Mackenzie King and the Cabinet decided to go to war with Japan that evening and issued a proclamation the following day declaring that, as of December 7, a state of war existed between Japan and Canada. One day later, the US and UK also declared war on the Japanese Empire. These proclamations were presented by Mackenzie King to the House of Commons when parliament returned on January 21, 1942. Declaration"
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"no alternative; in any case, had an acceptable settlement of differences been reached, the Carrier Striking Task Force could have been called back. On December 11, 1941, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy declared war on the United States, and the United States reciprocated, formally entering the war in Europe. German dictator Adolf Hitler and Italian dictator Benito Mussolini were under no obligation to declare war on the United States under the mutual defense terms of the Tripartite Pact until the US counterattacked Japan. However, relations between the European Axis Powers and the United States had deteriorated since 1937. On December"
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"United States declaration of war on Japan On December 8, 1941, the United States Congress declared war () on the Empire of Japan in response to that country's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor the prior day. It was formulated an hour after the ""Infamy Speech"" of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Japan had sent a message to the United States to its embassy in Washington earlier, but because of problems at the embassy in decoding the very long message – the high-security level assigned to the declaration meant that only personnel with very high clearances could decode it, which slowed"
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"Congress on 8 December 1941. The motion passed with only one vote against it, in both chambers. Just three days later, on 11 December 1941 Adolf Hitler declared war on the United States, and had already remarked on the evening of the date of the Japanese attack that ""We can't lose the war at all. We now have an ally which has never been conquered in 3,000 years"". Within hours of Pearl Harbor Japanese air forces from Formosa destroyed much of the U.S. Far East Air Force, based near Manila. The Japanese army invaded and trapped the American and Filipino"
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"Japan. On December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States, which responded in kind. Roosevelt portrayed the war as a crusade against the aggressive dictatorships that threatened peace and democracy throughout the world. He and his military advisers implemented a war strategy with the objectives of halting the German advances in the Soviet Union and in North Africa; launching an invasion of western Europe with the aim of crushing Nazi Germany between two fronts; and saving China and defeating Japan. Public opinion, however, gave priority to the destruction of Japan, so American forces were sent chiefly"
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"army was stopped close to Moscow in December 1941. Over the next year the tide was turned and the Germans started to suffer a series of defeats, for example in the siege of Stalingrad and at Kursk. Meanwhile, Japan (allied to Germany and Italy since September 1940) attacked Britain and the United States on 7 December 1941; Germany then completed its over-extension by declaring war on the United States. War raged between the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and the Allied Forces (British Empire, Soviet Union, and the United States). The Allied Forces won in North Africa, invaded Italy"
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"Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire The declaration of war by the Empire of Japan on the United States and the British Empire was published on December 8, 1941 (Japan time; December 7 in the United States), after Japanese forces had executed an attack on the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor and attacks on British forces in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The declaration of war was printed on the front page of all Japanese newspapers' evening editions on December 8. The document was subsequently printed again on the eighth day of"
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"the resulting declaration of war on the US by Nazi Germany on 11 December, the war, especially in regard to the above statement, had become truly a ""World War"". Hitler announced this declaration of war on 11 December in the German ""Reichstag"", a speech also broadcast on radio. On 12 December 1941, he had a meeting with the most important Nazi leaders. On the afternoon of 12 December, Hitler ordered the leading members of the Nazi Party to a meeting in his private rooms at the Reich Chancellery. Because the meeting took place in private rooms rather than Hitler's office,"
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"1941 in the United States Events from the year 1941 in the United States. At the end of this year, the United States officially enters World War II by declaring war on the Empire of Japan following the attack on Pearl Harbor. Baseball fans across the nation witnessed not one, but two of the most amazing individual efforts and achievements the game has ever known. The two measures recorded during the 1941 campaign both stand to this day and are regarded by practically all, even the most casual of fans, to be unattainable in the game today. 1941 saw the"
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"on 5 December 1941. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor and the bombing of Singapore on the early morning of 7 December 1941, the United States declared war on Japan. The Japanese forces completely destroyed the squadrons of the Royal Air Force at Sungei, Alor Star, and Kota Bharu airfields. On 11 December 1941, 1/14th Punjab Regiment fought a pitched battle at Changlun near the Thai frontier. Dhillon commanded the Headquarters Company with his C.O. Colonel Fitzpatrick. The Battle of Changlun went on for eight hours, before ending in defeat. The town of Alor Star had also fallen. On 13"
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"war on Japan, and Japan's allies Germany and Italy declared war on the US, bringing the US into World War II. On 8 December 1941, following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States Congress declared war on Japan at the request of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. This was followed by Germany and Italy declaring war on the United States on 11 December, bringing the country into the European theatre. The US-led Allied forces in the Pacific theatre against Japanese forces from 1941 to 1945. From 1943 to 1945, the US-led and coordinated the Western Allies' war effort in Europe"
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"attacking German submarines. In November, in response to the October 31, 1941 sinking of , the Neutrality Act was partly repealed to protect U.S. military aid to Britain. 1941–1945: World War II: On December 8, 1941, the United States declared war against Japan in response to the bombing of Pearl Harbor. On December 11, Germany and Italy declared war against the United States. 1945: China: In October 50,000 U.S. Marines were sent to North China to assist Chinese Nationalist authorities in disarming and repatriating the Japanese in China and in controlling ports, railroads, and airfields. This was in addition to"
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"by Hitler himself, who reportedly said: Although the amendment to the Tripartite Pact was not yet in force, Hitler chose to declare war on the United States and ordered the ""Reichstag"", along with Italy, to do so on 11 December 1941, three days after the United States' declaration of war on the Empire of Japan. His hopes that, despite the previous rejections, Japan would reciprocally attack the Soviet Union, were not realized, as Japan stuck to its Nanshin strategy of going south, not north, and would continue to maintain an uneasy peace with the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, Germany's declaration of"
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"On 7 December 1941, the United States of America entered World War II following the bombing of Pearl Harbour in Hawaii by Japanese carrier-borne aircraft. The United Kingdom and its Commonwealth had been at war with Germany since September 1939, but now the war was truly global. Japan attacked the Philippines and Thailand, and advanced through Malaya and the Netherlands East Indies (now Indonesia). Singapore fell on 15 February 1942 and two brigades of the 8th Division of the 2nd Australian Imperial Force (2nd AIF) were captured, while the third brigade was destroyed piecemeal on the islands of Timor, Ambon"
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"The USS ""Reuben James"" was sunk by ""U-552"" on 31 October 1941. On 11 December 1941, Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany , the same day that the United States declared war on Germany and Italy. The established grand strategy of the Allies was to defeat Germany and its allies in Europe first, and then focus could shift towards Japan in the Pacific. This was because two of the Allied capitals (London and Moscow) could be directly threatened by Germany, but none of the major Allied capitals were threatened by Japan. Germany was the United Kingdom's primary threat, especially after the"
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"Japan. After the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor, antiwar sentiment in the United States largely evaporated overnight. On December 11, 1941, Hitler and Mussolini declared war on the United States, which responded in kind. A majority of scholars have rejected the conspiracy theories that Roosevelt, or any other high government officials, knew in advance about the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The Japanese had kept their secrets closely guarded. Senior American officials were aware that war was imminent, but they did not expect an attack on Pearl Harbor. Roosevelt had expected that the Japanese would attack either the Dutch East"
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"the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor with a surprise attack, knocking out the main American battleship fleet and killing 2,403 American servicemen and civilians. At the same time, separate Japanese task forces attacked Thailand, British Hong Kong, the Philippines, and other targets. Roosevelt called for war in his famous ""Infamy Speech"" to Congress, in which he said: ""Yesterday, December 7, 1941 — a date which will live in infamy — the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan."" In a nearly unanimous vote, Congress declared war on"
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"the five wars in which the United States has formally declared war against eleven foreign nations. The only country against which the United States has declared war more than once is Germany, against which the United States has declared war twice (though a case could be made for Hungary as a successor state to Austria-Hungary). In World War II, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Germany and Italy, led respectively by Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini, declared war on the United States, and the U.S. Congress responded in kind. In other instances, the United States has engaged"
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"on 11 December, Nicaragua declared war on Germany and Italy, and, on 19 December, on Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary. Out of these six Axis countries, only Romania reciprocated, declaring war on Nicaragua on the same day (19 December 1941). See French West Africa in World War II. See East African Campaign (World War II). See Korea, which included North Korea and South Korea at the time. Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) was a British colony. As such, it was covered by the British declaration of war. Northern Rhodesian units served in East Africa, Madagascar and Burma. Norway was strategically important as"
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"say to you, and you will understand, that it is a privilege to fight with them. Today, the Tripartite Pact, with the plenitude of its forces and its moral and material resources, is a formidable instrument for the war and a certainty for victory. Tomorrow, the Tripartite Pact will become an instrument of just peace between the peoples. Italians! Once more arise and be worthy of this historical hour! We shall win. Italian declaration of war on the United States On December 11, 1941, Italy declared war on the United States in response to that country's declaration of war upon"
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"war, the Imperial Japanese Navy attacked Pearl Harbor with the aim of destroying the main American battle fleet at anchor. At the same time, other Japanese forces attacked the U.S.-held Philippines and the British Empire in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The USA and the United Kingdom to declare war upon Japan the next day. Four days later the U.S was brought into the European war when on December 11, 1941, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy declared war on the United States. Hitler chose to declare that the Tripartite Pact required that Germany follow Japan's declaration of war; although American"
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"II until the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Thus, in late 1941, Haiti declared war on Japan (8 December), Germany (12 December), Italy (12 December), Bulgaria (24 December), Hungary (24 December) and Romania (24 December). Out of these six Axis countries, only Romania reciprocated, declaring war on Haiti on the same day (24 December 1941). Haiti gave food supplies to Allied forces and hosted a detachment of the United States Coast Guard but did not contribute troops, however ""five"" Haitians from the Haitian Air Force were integrated into the U.S. military (Tuskegee Airmen division) and fought in the war. The President"
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"all pointed to the fact that American ships were becoming involved in the war. The Imperial Japanese Navy's attack at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, plunged the United States into a real war at last, in both oceans, because both Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy declared war on the United States on 11 December. On 6 January 1942, ""Tuscaloosa"" steamed out of Hvalfjörður along with ""Wichita"" and two American destroyers— and —for a training mission through the Denmark Strait. After returning to port three days later, the heavy cruiser moved on to Boston for a navy yard overhaul from"
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"repealed on November 17, 1941: merchant vessels were allowed to be armed and to carry any cargoes to belligerent nations. The U.S. formally declared war on Japan on December 8, 1941 following the attack on Pearl Harbor of the previous day; Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. on December 11, 1941, and the U.S. responded with a declaration of war on the same day. The provision against unlicensed arms trades of the 1939 act remains in force. In 1948, Charles Winters, Al Schwimmer and Herman Greenspun were convicted under the 1939 Act after smuggling B-17 Flying Fortress bombers"
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"German rule. Japan responded by launching a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, an American naval base in Hawaii 1941. The U.S. responded by declaring war on Japan. The next day, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. The United States, The British Commonwealth, and the Soviet Union now constituted the Allies, dedicated to destroying the Axis Powers. Other allied nations included Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and China. In the Pacific War, British, Indian and Australian troops made a disorganised last stand at Singapore, before surrendering on 15 February 1942. The defeat was the worst in British"
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"United States declaration of war upon Bulgaria On June 5, 1942, the United States Congress declared war upon Bulgaria. Bulgaria was neutral during 1939-1941, but on March 1, 1941, Bulgaria signed the Tripartite Pact and officially joined the Axis bloc. Following this, the Bulgarian government declared war on the United Kingdom and the United States on December 13, 1941. The United States officially declared war on Bulgaria on June 5, 1942. The capital of Bulgaria, Sofia, and other Bulgarian cities, were bombed by Allied aircraft in 1943 and 1944. , the declarations of war against Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania are"
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"War itself began on 7/8 December 1941, when Japan invaded Thailand and attacked the British colonies of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong as well as the United States military and naval bases in Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam and the Philippines. The Pacific War saw the Allies pitted against Japan, the latter briefly aided by Thailand and to a much lesser extent by the Axis allied Germany and Italy. The war culminated in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and other large aerial bomb attacks by the Allies, accompanied by the Soviet declaration of war and invasion of Manchuria on"
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The Green Bay Packers play at what storied stadium?
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"1933 Green Bay Packers season The 1933 Green Bay Packers season was their 15th season overall and their 13th season in the National Football League (NFL). This was the first year of divisional play and Green Bay competed in the Western Division. The club posted a 5–7–1 record under coach Curly Lambeau, the first losing season in team history. Beginning this season, the Packers began playing some home game in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, at Borchert Field to draw additional revenue, starting October 1, 1933, against the New York Giants. ""at East Stadium, Green Bay, Wisconsin"" ""at East Stadium, Green Bay, Wisconsin"""
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"Lambeau Field Lambeau Field is an outdoor athletic stadium in the north central United States, located in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The home field of the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL), it opened in 1957 as City Stadium, replacing the original City Stadium at East High School as the Packers' home field. Informally known as New City Stadium for its first eight seasons, it was renamed in August 1965 in memory of Packers founder, player, and long-time head coach, Curly Lambeau, who had died two months earlier. The stadium's street address has been 1265 Lombardi Avenue since"
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"chillers have been installed for the air-conditioned regions of Lambeau Field. Lambeau Field Lambeau Field is an outdoor athletic stadium in the north central United States, located in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The home field of the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL), it opened in 1957 as City Stadium, replacing the original City Stadium at East High School as the Packers' home field. Informally known as New City Stadium for its first eight seasons, it was renamed in August 1965 in memory of Packers founder, player, and long-time head coach, Curly Lambeau, who had died two months"
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"City Stadium (Green Bay) City Stadium is an American football stadium in Green Bay, Wisconsin, on the north side of the Green Bay East High School property. It was the home of the Green Bay Packers of the NFL from 1925 through 1956. Renovated and downsized, City Stadium remains the home of East High. Prior to 1925, the Packers played home games at nearby Hagemeister Park (the site of East High School itself) and Bellevue Park. The horseshoe-shaped stadium was made of wood and originally did not have any toilet facilities. It stood behind East High School and next to"
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"The venue opened in 1957 as the second City Stadium and was informally called ""New"" City Stadium for its first eight years. Just two months after his death, the stadium was renamed prior to the 1965 Green Bay Packers season to honor his contributions as founder, player, and coach. Lambeau Field has become such an iconic facility that the Green Bay Packers and surrounding community have continued to remodel the stadium, instead of building a new one. This has made Lambeau Field the oldest continually operating NFL stadium. The name ""Lambeau"" is so strongly tied to the stadium, that the"
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"team is the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, which opened on May 1, 1923. The Coliseum is currently used by the Los Angeles Rams. The stadium that has been used the longest by an NFL team is Lambeau Field, home of the Green Bay Packers since 1957. Stadiums represent a considerable expense to a community, and thus their construction, use, and funding often enters the public discourse. Also, given the perceived advantage a team gets from playing in their home stadium, particular attention is given in the media to the peculiarities of each stadium's environment. Weather, playing surface (either natural or"
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"north of the park two years later, at City Stadium. Hagemeister Park Hagemeister Park was the name of a park in Green Bay, Wisconsin. It was the home of the Green Bay Packers from their founding in 1919 and their first two seasons playing in the National Football League, 1921 and 1922. Owned by Hagemeister brewery, the park was located on the northern end of Washington Park (now Johannes Park). It was a classic sandlot, located near Baird and Walnut Streets, adjacent to the East River. The playing field was roped off from the spectators' standing area. There were no"
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"Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame is on the first level of the Atrium. The Hall of Fame is an independent, charitable association that promotes the history of the Green Bay Packers. Since 1970, 157 Packers have been inducted into the Hall, which attracts over 170,000 visitors annually. On August 20, 2015, the Green Bay Packers presented the master plan for the Titletown District, an area that will be constructed on approximately 34 acres of land just west of Lambeau Field. Titletown will consist of three tenants including Lodge Kohler, a hotel built and managed by the Kohler Company; a"
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"Hagemeister Park Hagemeister Park was the name of a park in Green Bay, Wisconsin. It was the home of the Green Bay Packers from their founding in 1919 and their first two seasons playing in the National Football League, 1921 and 1922. Owned by Hagemeister brewery, the park was located on the northern end of Washington Park (now Johannes Park). It was a classic sandlot, located near Baird and Walnut Streets, adjacent to the East River. The playing field was roped off from the spectators' standing area. There were no ushers, band, or public address system. There also were no"
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"Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1963 and the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame in 1970 in recognition for his role as founder, player, and coach of the Packers. Shortly after his death in 1965, the Packers home stadium, which is still in use today, was renamed to Lambeau Field in his honor. Lambeau was born April 9, 1898 in Green Bay, Wisconsin, to Marcelin Lambeau and Mary Sara La Tour, both of Belgian ancestry. Lambeau was a standout multi-sport athlete at Green Bay East High School, and captain of its football team as a senior, graduating in 1917."
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"its opening in 1957 until January 2003, when they fell 27–7 to the Atlanta Falcons, the Packers had never lost a postseason game at Lambeau Field. However, the Packers hosted just one postseason game (in the ad-hoc round-of-16 in the strike-shortened 1982 season) during a lean stretch of 27 years between the Ice Bowl of 1967 and a wild-card game in December 1994. Although the Packers have won only five of their last ten playoff games at Lambeau Field, their overall home post-season record is a respectable 16–5. The stadium has hosted five championship contests: three NFL title games in"
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"Houston Texans, was beaten by the Packers in Week 13 of the 2016 NFL season. The original name of Lambeau Field lasted through the 1964 season. Officially ""City Stadium"", the name ""New City Stadium"" was used informally to distinguish it from its predecessor at East High School. Two months after the death of Packers founder Curly Lambeau, New City Stadium was renamed ""Lambeau Field"" by the Green Bay city council on August 3, 1965. Besides founding the team in 1919, Lambeau played for the Packers in their early years and was the team's coach for 31 seasons through 1949. He"
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"""at Borchert Field, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"" ""at East Stadium, Green Bay, Wisconsin"" ""at East Stadium, Green Bay, Wisconsin"" ""at Wrigley Field, Chicago"" ""at East Stadium, Green Bay, Wisconsin"" ""at Wrigley Field, Chicago, Illinois"" ""at Universal Stadium, Portsmouth, Ohio"" ""at Fenway Park, Boston, Massachusetts"" ""at Polo Grounds, Manhattan, New York"" ""at Baker Bowl, Philadelphia"" ""at Wrigley Field, Chicago, Illinois"" 1933 Green Bay Packers season The 1933 Green Bay Packers season was their 15th season overall and their 13th season in the National Football League (NFL). This was the first year of divisional play and Green Bay competed in the Western Division. The"
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"Don Hutson Center The Don Hutson Center is the indoor practice facility of the Green Bay Packers. Located across the street from Lambeau Field, it was built in 1994 at a cost of $4.7 million. The center is named after Don Hutson, who played for the Packers from 1935 to 1945. A member of both the Pro Football and Packers Halls of Fame, Hutson was the dominant player of his era, setting records that stood for 50 years after his retirement. The Don Hutson Center is the largest element of the Packers' practice complex, which includes Ray Nitschke Field and"
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"distributed as follows: The Green Bay Packers played several games a year in Milwaukee for 62 seasons, from 1933 through 1994. The team played at Borchert Field in 1933, State Fair Park (in West Allis) from 1934 through 1951, Marquette Stadium in 1952, and then moved to County Stadium when it opened in 1953. The 1939 game was the only NFL championship game played in the Milwaukee area; under head coach Vince Lombardi, the 1961, 1965, and 1967 title games were played in Green Bay at Lambeau Field (""City Stadium"" in 1961). A tiebreaker playoff game was also played in"
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"the most successful teams in league history. Thirteen Pro Football Hall of Famers played for Lombardi, including quarterback Bart Starr and linebacker Ray Nitschke. The Packers lost the 1960 NFL Championship, however they would go on to win five championships in seven years under Lombardi, including three straight between 1965 and 1967. This included the infamous Ice Bowl and the first two Super Bowls. After the passing of Curly Lambeau in 1965, the Packers new stadium (built in 1957 as ""City Stadium"") was named Lambeau Field in his honor. Five years later, the Packers second great coach, Vince Lombardi, passed"
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"site until 1976 when its new home, an addition to the Brown County Veterans Arena, was formally dedicated on April 3, 1976, by President Gerald R. Ford. Outside of the Hall of Fame was a 'Receiver Statue' that was dedicated to the invention of the Forward Pass. Over the next 26 years, the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame encountered many expansions and renovations. In 2003, renovations to Lambeau Field provided a new home within the new Lambeau Field Atrium for the Hall. Packers legends Bart Starr and Ron Wolf rededicated the Hall on September 4, 2003. The Hall contains"
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"River on its north and east edges. The leaders of the NFL, including George Halas, gave the Packer board an ultimatum—build a new stadium or move to Milwaukee full-time. The residents of Green Bay responded by voting in 1956 to build a new City Stadium, which opened the following year, as ""old"" City Stadium became a high school field. The new stadium was renamed Lambeau Field in 1965, after the death of team founder Curly Lambeau, and has become one of the most revered venues in all of American sports. In recent years, ornamental fencing and monuments to the history"
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"with various beer promotions. At the 2015 Packers shareholders meeting President Mark Murphy said ""We will not sell the naming rights to the stadium. ... We will never do that. It will always be Lambeau Field"". The stadium's nickname was spawned by the Ice Bowl between the Packers and the Dallas Cowboys, played on December 31, 1967. The game was played in temperatures of with sharp winds. Journalist Tex Maule associated Lambeau Field with the term ""tundra"" in his article summarizing the game in ""Sports Illustrated"". Lambeau Field is alleged to have gotten its nickname, ""The Frozen Tundra"", from ""The"
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"Bellevue Park (stadium) Bellevue Park was the name of a stadium used for football games in what is today Green Bay, Wisconsin. The park was just east of the Hagemeister Brewery, which was renamed the ""Bellevue Products Co."" during Prohibition, and was located just east of Baird Creek along Main Street in the village of Preble, Wisconsin. A minor league baseball park, it was the home of the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League in 1923 and 1924. Bellevue Park was the second home venue of the Packers, who had previously played their home games at Hagemeister Park."
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"as four porches on the exterior of the west side for filming practices at Clarke Hinkle Field. The Center was dedicated on July 18, 1994, at a ceremony presided over by the then 81-year-old Hutson himself. Don Hutson Center The Don Hutson Center is the indoor practice facility of the Green Bay Packers. Located across the street from Lambeau Field, it was built in 1994 at a cost of $4.7 million. The center is named after Don Hutson, who played for the Packers from 1935 to 1945. A member of both the Pro Football and Packers Halls of Fame, Hutson"
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"Harder Stadium Harder Stadium is a 17,000 seat, outdoor multi-purpose stadium on the campus of the University of California, Santa Barbara in Santa Barbara, California. It serves as the on-campus soccer stadium for both the men's and women's programs. It is also currently used occasionally by the university's club rugby and lacrosse teams and previously served as the home for the football team. The stadium was built in 1966 and is named after Theodore ""Spud"" Harder, a former coach of the Gauchos' football team. It hosted Vince Lombardi and the Green Bay Packers who trained there ahead of the 1967"
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"Harder Stadium Harder Stadium is a 17,000 seat, outdoor multi-purpose stadium on the campus of the University of California, Santa Barbara in Santa Barbara, California. It serves as the on-campus soccer stadium for both the men's and women's programs. It is also currently used occasionally by the university's club rugby and lacrosse teams and previously served as the home for the football team. The stadium was built in 1966 and is named after Theodore ""Spud"" Harder, a former coach of the Gauchos' football team. It hosted Vince Lombardi and the Green Bay Packers who trained there ahead of the 1967"
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"During their tenure at Bellevue Park, the Packers became more popular, with game attendance ranging from 4,000 to 5,000 spectators. Because Bellevue Park was lacking virtually every facility required for football and was too far out of town, in 1925, the Packers moved their games to the then brand new City Stadium. Bellevue Park (stadium) Bellevue Park was the name of a stadium used for football games in what is today Green Bay, Wisconsin. The park was just east of the Hagemeister Brewery, which was renamed the ""Bellevue Products Co."" during Prohibition, and was located just east of Baird Creek"
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"team in the league in 1958, and in three years turn them into NFL Champions. 1961 NFL Championship Game The 1961 National Football League Championship Game was the 29th title game. It was played at ""New"" City Stadium, later known as Lambeau Field, in Green Bay, Wisconsin on December 31, with an attendance of 39,029. The game was a match-up of the Eastern Conference champion New York Giants (10–3–1) and the Western Conference champion Green Bay Packers (11–3). The home team Packers were a 3⅓-point favorite. Packers Ray Nitschke, Boyd Dowler, and Paul Hornung, were on leave from the U.S."
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"had their fourth stock sale, expanding the number of shareholders and using the money to fund further expansion of Lambeau Field. In 2005, the Packers drafted quarterback Aaron Rodgers. After Favre left the team in 2007, Rodgers became the starter. , he has led the Packers to eight playoffs appearances and one Super Bowl victory in 2010. The Packers had their fifth and most recent stock sale in 2012, again expanding the number of shareholders and using the funding to expand Lambeau Field. With a capacity of 81,441, Lambeau Field is the fifth-largest stadium in the NFL. , the Packers"
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"Packers and the New York Giants was played at State Fair Park in what is currently known as the Milwaukee Mile. The Packers won, 27-0. A 1931 championship against the Portsmouth Spartans was also scheduled for Milwaukee, but was called off. The Packers final post-season game in Milwaukee was a 1967 divisional playoff against the Los Angeles Rams which the Packers won convincingly 28-7. They went on to capture their last NFL Championship and Super Bowl victory under Vince Lombardi. The Packers played their final game at County Stadium on December 18, 1994, against the Atlanta Falcons. Although the Packers"
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"the Green Bay Packers, who played the New York Giants on Oct. 1, 1933. The following year, the Packers moved their Milwaukee games to the Wisconsin State Fair Grounds. Interstate 43 now runs through where Borchert Field once stood. In an effort to prevent the relocation of the Milwaukee Braves to a larger television market, Braves minority owner Bud Selig, a Milwaukee-area car dealer, formed an organization named ""Teams Inc."" devoted to local control of the club. He successfully prevented the majority owners of the Braves from moving the club in 1964 but was unable to do more than delay"
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"a capacity of 81,441, Lambeau Field is the fifth-largest stadium in the NFL with standing room, but is fourth in normal capacity. It is now the largest venue in the state, edging out Camp Randall Stadium (80,321) at the University of Wisconsin in Madison. Lambeau Field is the oldest continually operating NFL stadium. In 2007, the Packers completed their 51st season at Lambeau, breaking the all-time NFL record set by the Chicago Bears at Wrigley Field (1921–70). (While Soldier Field in Chicago is older, it was not the home of the Bears until 1971.) Only the Boston Red Sox at"
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"a vast array of Packers memorabilia, a re-creation of Vince Lombardi's office, plaques representing each of the inductees and the Lombardi trophies from Green Bay's four Super Bowl wins. As of 2017, the Packers Hall of Fame has inducted 159 people, 24 of whom have been inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. The 2018 inductees were offensive tackle Mark Tauscher and kicker Ryan Longwell. <br> Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame The Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame was the first hall of fame built to honor a single professional American football team. William L. Brault, a Green"
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"The Packers' tenure at Lambeau, now at 59 seasons, is the longest in NFL history at a single stadium, breaking the Chicago Bears' previous record of 50 seasons at Wrigley Field (1921–1970). On February 2, 2007, Brett Favre announced that he would return for the 2007 season. ""I am so excited about coming back,"" the 37-year-old quarterback said on the website of ""The Sun Herald"" in Biloxi, Mississippi. He also commented, ""We have a good nucleus of young players. We were 8–8 last year, and that's encouraging."" Ted Thompson, Green Bay's general manager, confirmed the news, saying, ""The Packers are"
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"original home stadium, the Polo Grounds, also dates from this early era. It was originally located north of Central Park adjacent to Fifth and Sixth Avenues and 110th and 112th Streets, in Harlem in upper Manhattan. After their eviction from that first incarnation of the Polo Grounds after the 1888 season, they moved further uptown to various fields which they also named the ""Polo Grounds"" located between 155th and 159th Streets in Harlem and Washington Heights, playing in the Washington Heights located famous Polo Grounds until the end of the 1957 season, when they moved to San Francisco. The Giants"
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"Rockwood Lodge Rockwood Lodge was the training facility of the Green Bay Packers from 1946 through 1949. It is believed to have been the first self-contained team training facility in pro football history. Located approximately north of the city of Green Bay, Wisconsin, on a limestone bluff overlooking the eponymous Green Bay, the complex included player housing and a natural outdoor ""amphitheater"" in which team meetings were held. It had originally been built in 1937 as a retreat for the Norbertine Order, whose abbey was located in nearby De Pere. Packers head coach Curly Lambeau had been mesmerized by the"
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On December 7, 1787, which US state became the first to ratify the US Constitution, a fact that they display on their license plates?
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"Article Seven of the United States Constitution Article Seven of the United States Constitution sets the number of state ratifications necessary in order for the Constitution to take effect and prescribes the method through which the states may ratify it. Under the terms of Article VII, constitutional ratification conventions were held in each of the thirteen states, with the ratification of nine states required for the Constitution take effect. Delaware was the first state to ratify the Constitution, doing so on December 7, 1787. On June 21, 1788, New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, ensuring that"
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"led to the Articles of Confederation. The signing of the Constitution on September 17, 1787. was commemorated on the 150th anniversary in 1937. The design was taken from the Julius Brutus Stearns' painting showing the signers, including Virginians George Washington and James Madison. Virginia was the tenth state to ratify on June 25, 1788. The 150th anniversary of the U.S. Constitution ratification was celebrated on June 21, 1938 with a 3-cent stamp, dated from the required assent of nine of the original thirteen states. The remaining four states including Virginia, the largest, New York, North Carolina and Rhode Island ratified"
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"On December 7, 1787, Delaware became the first state to ratify the Constitution, and has since promoted itself as """"The First State"""". The Delaware Valley was home to many other instrumental moments in the American Revolution, including the First and Second Continental Congress, the preservation of the Liberty Bell, the Battles of Germantown, Brandywine, and Red Bank, the Siege of Fort Mifflin, the winter of 1777–78 at Valley Forge, the Philadelphia Convention, and many others. Philadelphia was one of the nation's capitals in the Revolutionary War, and served as temporary U.S. capital while Washington, D.C., was under construction. Today, the"
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"ratify the new Constitution, with its vote being unanimous. Pennsylvania ratified on December 12, 1787, by a vote of 46 to 23 (66.67%). New Jersey ratified on December 19, 1787, and Georgia on January 2, 1788, both unanimously. The requirement of ratification by nine states, set by Article Seven of the Constitution, was met when New Hampshire voted to ratify, on June 21, 1788. In New York, fully two thirds of the convention delegates were at first opposed to the Constitution. Hamilton led the Federalist campaign, which included the fast-paced appearance of ""The Federalist Papers"" in New York newspapers. An"
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"the Constitution would take effect. Rhode Island was the last state to ratify the Constitution under Article VII, doing so on May 29, 1790. On September 20, 1787, three days after its adoption by the Constitutional Convention, the drafted Constitution was submitted to the Congress of the Confederation for its endorsement. After eight days of debate, the opposing sides came to the first of many compromises that would define the ratification process. The Confederation Congress voted to release the proposed Constitution to the states for their consideration, but neither endorsed nor opposed its ratification. The Constitution was ratified by the"
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"13 states between December 7, 1787 and May 29, 1790 as follows: In 1787 and 1788, following the Constitutional Convention, a great debate took place throughout the United States over the Constitution that had been proposed. The supporters of the Constitution began the ratification campaign in those states where there was little or no controversy, postponing until later the more difficult ones. On July 21, 1788, New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, thus establishing it as the new framework of governance for the United States. Though officially enacted, four states, Virginia, New York, North Carolina and"
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"Signing of the United States Constitution The Signing of the United States Constitution occurred on September 17, 1787, at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, when 39 delegates to the Constitutional Convention, representing 12 states (all but Rhode Island, which declined to send delegates), endorsed the Constitution created during the four-month-long convention. In addition to signatures, this endorsement, the Constitution's eschatocol, included a brief declaration that the delegates’ work has been successfully completed and that those whose signatures appear on it subscribe to the final document. Included are, a statement pronouncing the document's adoption by the states present, a formulaic dating"
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"to ratify the U.S. Constitution on December 12, 1787, five days after Delaware became the first. At the time it was the most ethnically and religiously diverse of the Thirteen Colonies. Because One-third of Pennsylvania's population spoke German, the Constitution was presented in German to include those citizens in the discussion. Reverend Frederick Muhlenberg acted as the chairman of the state's ratifying convention. Dickinson College of Carlisle was the first college founded in the United States. Established in 1773, the college was ratified five days after the Treaty of Paris on September 9, 1783. The school was founded by Benjamin"
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"and Riots,"" Pop Culture and Ratification document collection, Center for the Study of the American Constitution. Federal Procession of 1788 The Federal Processions of 1788 (also called the ""Grand Federal Processions"") were large municipal celebrations of the ratification of the United States Constitution that took place in Philadelphia and New York City, though other types of celebrations took place throughout the states. New Hampshire was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, on 21 June 1788, thus completing sufficient ratification for the Constitution's consummation. Celebrations climaxed with the Federal Processions of July 1788. Historian Whitfield J. Bell, Jr., noted that,"
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"Constitution in 1787, while the United States Bill of Rights was drafted and ratified, and the first Supreme Court of the United States sat for the first time, in the first capital under the Constitution at New York City. While early settlers were mostly farmers, traders, and fishermen, the Mid-Atlantic states provided the young United States with heavy industry and served as the ""melting pot"" of new immigrants from Europe. Cities grew along major ports, shipping routes, and waterways. Such flourishing cities included New York City and Newark on opposite sides of the Hudson River, Philadelphia on the Delaware River,"
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"Federal Procession of 1788 The Federal Processions of 1788 (also called the ""Grand Federal Processions"") were large municipal celebrations of the ratification of the United States Constitution that took place in Philadelphia and New York City, though other types of celebrations took place throughout the states. New Hampshire was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, on 21 June 1788, thus completing sufficient ratification for the Constitution's consummation. Celebrations climaxed with the Federal Processions of July 1788. Historian Whitfield J. Bell, Jr., noted that, prior to the Federal Processions in July, many of the celebrations to mark each states' ratification"
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"ratification of the United States Constitution. Contrary to popular opinion, New York had not yet ratified the Constitution by the time of that state's Federal Procession. Once news that sufficient ratification by the requisite nine states had been achieved upon New Hampshire's ratification on June 21, 1788, officials in New York City planned a celebratory procession for July 22, hoping that by that time, New York would have also ratified the constitution. Although New York still had not ratified as the planned procession's date approached, Platt determined that, due to the overwhelming public excitement surrounding the constitution's consummation, the celebratory"
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"In January 1791, a convention called by the state of Vermont ratified the Constitution of the United States, declaring that it would be part of the law of Vermont as soon as Congress admitted that state. On 18 February 1791, Congress decided to admit Vermont to the Union two weeks later on 4 March. In the battle over the ratification of the United States Constitution in 1787–1788, Governor George Clinton in Albany, wishing to preserve his power, led the local Anti-Federalists in opposition, with support for the Constitution coming from Alexander Hamilton and the Federalists, who were largely urbanites and"
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"Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States is a famous oil-on-canvas painting by Howard Chandler Christy, depicting the Constitutional Convention signing the U.S. Constitution at Independence Hall in Philadelphia on September 17, 1787. Along with ""Washington Crossing the Delaware"" by Emanuel Leutze, the painting is one of the most famous depictions of the early days of the United States. Christy created the painting in April 1940; it is so large (20 × 30') that he painted it in a sail loft. It currently is displayed"
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"enacted on July 13, 1787. The Ordinance encouraged American settlers into the Northwest Territory and formed the basis of the constitutions of the five states there: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin. The Ordinance also banned slavery in the Northwest Territory. Dane's amendment banning slavery was offered at the last minute, and was quickly accepted without much discussion, to the surprise of Dane himself, who ""had no idea the States would agree to the sixth article, prohibiting slavery..."" In February 1787, Dane proposed a resolution authorizing the Philadelphia Convention to amend the Articles of Confederation, and that resolution was adopted."
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"followed by Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Argentina and Ecuador. The Philippine 1987 Constitution was derived from the 1973 Ferdinand Marcos Constitution, its 1981 amendment, from the 1935 constitution, and from the United States Constitution. The United States Constitution was adopted in its original form on September 17, 1787, by the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and later ratified by conventions in each state in the name of """"the People""."" The U.S. Constitution is the oldest written national constitution except possibly for San Marino 's Statutes of 1600, whose status as a true constitution is disputed by scholars. The Writ of Amparo"
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"with a red stripe and another that started with a white one. In 1786, delegates from all states of the Union were invited to meet in Annapolis to consider measures for the better regulation of commerce. Delegates from only five states—New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, New Jersey, and Delaware—actually attended the convention, known afterward as the ""Annapolis Convention."" Without proceeding to the business for which they had met, the delegates passed a resolution calling for another convention to meet at Philadelphia in the following year to amend the Articles of Confederation. The Philadelphia convention drafted and approved the Constitution of the"
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"September 17, 2017, as ""Constitution Day"" and ""Citizenship Day"". Online Lessons for K-12 Teachers to Use on Constitution Day Constitution Day (United States) Constitution Day (or Citizenship Day) is an American federal observance that recognizes the adoption of the United States Constitution and those who have become U.S. citizens. It is normally observed on September 17, the day in 1787 that delegates to the Constitutional Convention signed the document in Philadelphia. When Constitution Day falls on a weekend or on another holiday, schools and other institutions observe the holiday on an adjacent weekday. The law establishing the present holiday was"
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"constitutional convention nonetheless ratified the document in July 1788 since failure to do so would leave the state outside of the union. Rhode Island, the lone state which had not sent a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, was viewed as a lost cause by the Federalists due to its strong opposition to the proposed constitution, and it would not ratify the Constitution until 1790. In September 1788, the Congress of the Confederation formally certified that the Constitution had been ratified. It also set the date for the presidential election and the first meeting of the new federal government. Additionally, Congress"
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"Constitution Day (United States) Constitution Day (or Citizenship Day) is an American federal observance that recognizes the adoption of the United States Constitution and those who have become U.S. citizens. It is normally observed on September 17, the day in 1787 that delegates to the Constitutional Convention signed the document in Philadelphia. When Constitution Day falls on a weekend or on another holiday, schools and other institutions observe the holiday on an adjacent weekday. The law establishing the present holiday was created in 2004 with the passage of an amendment by Senator Robert Byrd to the Omnibus spending bill of"
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"Articles of Confederation on July 24, 1778, and was the 4th state to ratify the current Constitution on January 2, 1788. In 1829, gold was discovered in the North Georgia mountains, which led to the Georgia Gold Rush and an established federal mint in Dahlonega, which continued its operation until 1861. The subsequent influx of white settlers put pressure on the government to take land from the Cherokee Nation. In 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act into law, sending many eastern Native American nations to reservations in present-day Oklahoma, including all of Georgia's tribes. Despite the Supreme"
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"people ... being in a state of uncertainty, they will assume rather than give up powers by implication."" Other anti-Federalists pointed out that earlier political documents, in particular the Magna Carta, had protected specific rights. In response, Hamilton argued that the Constitution was inherently different: In December 1787 and January 1788, five states—Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, and Connecticut—ratified the Constitution with relative ease, though the bitter minority report of the Pennsylvania opposition was widely circulated. In contrast to its predecessors, the Massachusetts convention was angry and contentious, at one point erupting into a fistfight between Federalist delegate Francis Dana"
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"Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution The drafting of the Constitution of the United States began on May 25, 1787, when the Constitutional Convention met for the first time with a quorum at the Pennsylvania State House (now Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to revise the Articles of Confederation, and ended on September 17, 1787, the day the Constitution drafted by the convention's delegates to replace the Articles was adopted and signed. The ratification process for the Constitution began that day, and ended when the final state, Rhode Island, ratified it on May 29, 1790. In"
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"ratified and then signed the Articles of Confederation on November 26, 1779. In the summer of 1783, the Continental Congress met in Nassau Hall of Princeton University. It had originally convened in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but mutinous troops prevented the meeting from taking place. Princeton became the temporary capital for the nation for four months. During the brief stay in Princeton, the Continental Congress was informed of the end of the war by the signing of the Treaty of Paris on September 3, 1783. On December 18, 1787, New Jersey became the third state to ratify the United States Constitution, and"
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"1797. In 1787, New York became the eleventh state to ratify the United States Constitution. New York hosted significant transportation advancements in the 19th century, including the first steamboat line in 1807, the Erie Canal in 1825, and America's first regularly scheduled rail service in 1831. These advancements led to the expanded settlement of western New York and trade ties to the Midwest settlements around the Great Lakes. Due to New York City's trade ties to the South, there were numerous southern sympathizers in the early days of the American Civil War and the mayor proposed secession. Far from any"
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"1787. Thanks to his efforts, along with those of John Dickinson, Richard Bassett, and others, Delaware became the first state to approve the Constitution. Widely respected for his knowledge of the law, Bedford was asked by Delaware's senators and fellow signers George Read and Richard Bassett to review a bill, then under consideration, on the organization of the federal judiciary system. Bedford praised the document, which would become the Judiciary Act of 1789, one of the most important pieces of legislation of the period, as a ""noble work;"" but expressed some concerns as well. He admitted that the common law"
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"public campaign to shape the ratification debate, though the Federalists tended to be better financed and organized. Over time, the Federalists were able to convince many in the skeptical public of the merits of the new Constitution. The Federalists won their first ratification victories in December 1787, when Delaware, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey all ratified the Constitution. By the end of February 1788, six states, including Massachusetts, had ratified the Constitution. In Massachusetts, the Federalists won over skeptical delegates by promising that the first Congress of the new Constitution would consider amendments limiting the federal government's power. This promise to"
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"recommendation of the Constitutional Convention be received by Congress and distributed to the states, for their approval or disapproval. The other was written by George Washington, on behalf of the delegates, to the President of the Continental Congress, Arthur St. Clair, regarding the proposed Constitution. Signing of the United States Constitution The Signing of the United States Constitution occurred on September 17, 1787, at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, when 39 delegates to the Constitutional Convention, representing 12 states (all but Rhode Island, which declined to send delegates), endorsed the Constitution created during the four-month-long convention. In addition to signatures,"
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"or more that signed. It would not cover the four or fewer states that might not have signed. The signing of the United States Constitution occurred on September 17, 1787, when 39 delegates to the Constitutional Convention endorsed the constitution created during the convention. In addition to signatures, this closing endorsement, the Constitution's eschatocol, included a brief declaration that the delegates' work has been successfully completed and that those whose signatures appear on it subscribe to the final document. Included are, a statement pronouncing the document's adoption by the states present, a formulaic dating of its adoption, and the signatures"
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"Flag of Delaware The flag of Delaware consists of a buff-colored diamond on a field of colonial blue, with the coat of arms of the state of Delaware inside the diamond. Below the diamond, the date December 7, 1787, declares the day on which Delaware became the first state to ratify the United States Constitution. The colors of the flag reflect the colors of the uniform of General George Washington. The coat of arms in the center of the flag was adopted on January 17, 1777. It depicts a shield of horizontal green, blue, and white stripes. On the stripes"
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"governments ... forms a barrier against the enterprises of ambition"". By January 1788, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia and Connecticut ratified the Constitution without insisting upon amendments. Several amendments were proposed, but were not adopted at the time the Constitution was ratified. For example, the Pennsylvania convention debated fifteen amendments, one of which concerned the right of the people to be armed, another with the militia. The Massachusetts convention also ratified the Constitution with an attached list of proposed amendments. In the end, the ratification convention was so evenly divided between those for and against the Constitution that the federalists"
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"amend the Constitution after its ratification proved to be extremely important in other ratification debates, as it helped Federalists win the votes of those who saw the need for the Constitution but opposed some of its provisions. In the following months, Maryland and South Carolina ratified the Constitution, but North Carolina voted against ratification, leaving the document just one state short of taking effect. In June 1788, New Hampshire and Virginia both ratified the document. In Virginia, as in Massachusetts, Federalists won support for the Constitution by promising ratification of several amendments. Though Anti-Federalism was strong in New York, its"
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"Constitutional Convention (United States) The Constitutional Convention (also known as the Philadelphia Convention, the Federal Convention, or the Grand Convention at Philadelphia) took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in the old Pennsylvania State House (later known as Independence Hall because of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence there eleven years before) in Philadelphia. Although the Convention was intended to revise the league of states and first system of government under the Articles of Confederation, the intention from the outset of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison of Virginia and Alexander Hamilton of New"
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What is the most popular application on all of Facebook, with over 69 million users?
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"Developers offering Facebook Credits include Zynga (FarmVille, FrontierVille), CrowdStar (Happy Aquarium, HelloCity), and PopCap Games (Bejeweled Blitz) as well as Playdom, Playfish, RockYou, and 6waves. In September 2010, it was announced that Facebook Credits would become the exclusive payment method for all games developed by Zynga and hosted on Facebook. Zynga is the number one Facebook application developer and was expected to earn $500 million in 2010 from virtual goods. It was announced in April 2011 that Facebook users will be able to use Credits to purchase vouchers that can be redeemed for real goods and services by using the"
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"rolling it out to a growing part of its user base. On February 8, 2017, Facebook announced that Facebook Lite is being used by 200 million people. In October 2018, Facebook started testing Facebook Lite for iOS. Just like its Android counterpart, the iOS app is targeting older and slower phones. Snaptu Snaptu pronounced ""snap tu"", previously known as Moblica was a free Israeli-made mobile application platform that ran on virtually every type of Internet-enabled mobile phone. It allowed the user to access popular services, varying from social networks like Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, ESPN CricInfo and Picasa to entertainment news,"
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"along with Instagram and Twitter's direct messaging functions. Messaging apps are the most widely used smartphone apps with in 2018 over 1.3 billion monthly users of WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger, 980 million monthly active users of WeChat and 843 million monthly active users of QQ Mobile. Messaging apps differ from the previous generation of instant messaging platforms like the defunct AIM, Yahoo! Messenger, and Windows Live Messenger, in that they are primarily used via mobile apps on smartphones as opposed to personal computers, although some messaging apps offer web-based versions or software for PC operating systems. As people upgraded in"
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"the Facebook platform in terms of total installations. In May, 2007, RockYou was one of the companies invited to participate in F8, the event at which Facebook announced an open platform allowing third parties to develop and operate their own software applications on the Facebook website. Applications made for Facebook include Super Wall, ""Hug Me"", Likeness, Vampires, Slideshows, Birthdays, MyGifts, and Emote, among others. In December 2009, the company experienced a data breach resulting in the exposure of over 32 million user accounts. This resulted from storing user data in an unencrypted database (including user passwords in plain text instead"
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"the Facebook owned Instagram, was created and as of June 2017, had 250 million active users. Mark Zuckerberg states, “It is important to release products that people are familiar with, but (Facebook Stories) is going to have the first mainstream augmented reality platform”. In a campaign to get more Facebook users to use Facebook Stories, “Facebook is turning friends into ghosts who aren’t using stories. So, instead of the blank space that used to be there above the news feed, Facebook will show grayed-out icons of some frequently contacted friends, regardless of whether they’ve ever posted to their Facebook story"
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"significantly, and its 2.98 million monthly active users place the Movies app as the #9 most-used entertainment application on Facebook, but ranked at only #92 overall. Flixster's growth has been described in the trade press as attributable to ""its aggressive viral marketing practices"", including ""the automated selection of your email account's entire address book in order to send a Flixster invitation to all of your contacts."" Although Flixster claims this procedure is an industry standard used by other services, Flixster differs in that their system automatically selects all contacts in the user's address book and requires the user to manually"
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"around the world. It is the #1 shopping app in 42 countries. Wish is the largest advertiser on Facebook and spends nearly $500 million a year on Facebook ads alone. Wish became the most-downloaded shopping app in the USA in 2017. Over the course of the year, across the iOS App Store and Google Play store, Wish had 32.5 million U.S. downloads compared to Amazon’s 29.2 million. In 2017, Wish expanded into high-profile partnerships by sponsoring the professional boxing match Mayweather vs. McGregor. During that year, Wish signed a $30-42 million deal to become a sponsor of the Los Angeles"
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"mechanisms. In June 2018, TikTok reached 500 million monthly active users worldwide and 150 million daily active users in China. It became the world's most downloaded app on Apple's App Store in the first half of 2018 with an estimated 104 million downloads, surpassing the downloads recorded by PUBG Mobile, YouTube, WhatsApp and Instagram in the same period. In the US, TikTok's installs were higher than those of Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and YouTube in terms of daily downloads on September 29, 2018. About one month later, it continued to increase its market share from around 30 percent to 42 percent"
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"Facebook changed the way in which the popularity of applications is measured, to give attention to the more engaging applications, following criticism that ranking applications only by the number of people who had installed the application was giving an advantage to the highly viral, yet useless applications. Tech blog Valleywag has criticized Facebook Applications, labeling them a ""cornucopia of uselessness."" Others have called for limiting third-party applications so the Facebook user experience is not degraded. Applications that have been created on the Platform include chess, which both allow users to play games with their friends. In such games, a user's"
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"as desktop computers, laptops and tablet computers, and smartphones. After registering, users can create a customized profile indicating their name, occupation, schools attended and so on. Users can add other users as ""friends"", exchange messages, post status updates, share photos, videos and links, use various software applications (""apps""), and receive notifications of other users' activity. Additionally, users may join common-interest user groups organized by workplace, school, hobbies or other topics, and categorize their friends into lists such as ""People From Work"" or ""Close Friends"". Additionally, users can report or block unpleasant people. Facebook has more than 2.2 billion monthly active"
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"1.23% weekly growth and a 0.15% daily growth (as of April 2012). As of January 2013 Facebook has announced the launch of hashtags. Facebook will now have clickable links that users will be able to click on and see the stories surrounding that hashtag. Facebook has over 4.7 billion content items shared daily and the hash tag will help people to find more people who are talking about the same things as them. In 2014, the new app Snapchat became more popular than Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and television. On January 26, 2015 24.79 million people watched a series of videos"
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"page views for Flixster.com peaked at 8,331,961 on January 23, 2008 and dropped to 1,325,685 by July 5, 2008. Flixster's Facebook application, called ""Movies"", has consistently been one of the most popular apps on the site. Daily user totals peaked in December 2007. Flixster Collections, a desktop application featuring a content discovery and management system, began open beta testing on July 29, 2011. This was a common trend among Facebook applications, attributed to what has been described as ""app fatigue"". Facebook no longer displays daily active use, but instead monthly active use. As of September 2010, its popularity has waned"
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"Khosla Ventures, Bob Pittman as well as various other investors. iLike had a free Facebook application which allowed users to play clips of music they like on their profile, show concerts they are going to and play a music trivia quiz. The application had great success after its release, making it one of the most popular applications on the Facebook Platform. As of November 2007, iLike had more than 15 million users. With the launch of Facebook Pages, iLike created pages for bands. A similar feature was also available for the Bebo network. In April 2009, iLike renamed this application"
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"such as chess, checkers, pinball, poker, sudoku, solitaire, and mahjong. In 2008, social network games began gaining mainstream popularity following the release of ""Happy Farm"" in China. Influenced by the Japanese RPG series ""Story of Seasons"", ""Happy Farm"" attracted 23 million daily active users in China. It soon inspired many clones such as ""Sunshine Farm"", ""Happy Farmer"", ""Happy Fishpond"", ""Happy Pig Farm"", and Facebook games such as ""FarmVille"", ""Farm Town"", ""Country Story"", ""Barn Buddy"", ""Sunshine Ranch"", ""Happy Harvest"", ""Jungle Extreme"", and ""Farm Villain"". The most popular social network game is ""FarmVille"", which has over 70 million active users worldwide. Other"
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"RPG series ""Story of Seasons"", ""Happy Farm"" attracted 23 million daily active users in China. It soon inspired many clones such as ""Sunshine Farm"", ""Happy Farmer"", ""Happy Fishpond"", ""Happy Pig Farm"", and Facebook games such as ""FarmVille"", ""Farm Town"", ""Country Story"", ""Barn Buddy"", ""Sunshine Ranch"", ""Happy Harvest"", ""Jungle Extreme"", and ""Farm Villain"". The most popular social network game is ""FarmVille"", which has over 70 million active users worldwide. Other popular social network games include ""YoVille"", ""Mob Wars"", ""Mafia Wars"", and ""FrontierVille"". In 2009, a few cloud computing services were announced targeted at video games. These services allow the graphics rendering"
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"internet. iPhones have transformed the mobile social network market, and today there is numerous mobile development for social network apps. The US mobile social networking market experienced steady growth in 2008 with 6.4 million mobile social network users. Since then, the number of mobile users has continued to grow and below is graph forecasting the growth until 2013. According to Statista.com, the most popular social media networking app as of 2016 is Facebook at 123.55 million monthly users, surpassing the next most popular app, Facebook Messenger, which has 97.86 million monthly users. Mobile social network Mobile social networking (MSN) is"
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"WeChat WeChat () is a Chinese multi-purpose messaging, social media and mobile payment app developed by Tencent. It was first released in 2011, and by 2018 it was one of the world's largest standalone mobile apps by monthly active users, with over 1 billion monthly active users (902 million daily active users). Described as one of the world's most powerful apps by Forbes, it is also known as China's ""app for everything"" and a ""super app"" because of its wide range of functions and platforms. In addition to China, it is also the most popular messaging app in Bhutan. WeChat"
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"Danian, was previously COO and co-founder of Shanda. WiFi Master Key was first released in 2012, and by 2016 it became the world’s largest Wi-Fi sharing community with over 900 million users and 520 million monthly active users. According to the 2017 Retrospective Report by App Annie, a mobile app market data and insights company, the Top 10 apps with the most monthly active users (MAU) worldwide are Facebook, WhatsApp Messenger, WeChat, Facebook Messenger, QQ, Instagram, Taobao, Alipay, WiFi Master Key and Tencent Video. These top apps are developed by four Tech companies: Facebook, Tencent, Alibaba and LinkSure Network (operating"
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"in its Help Center, there is no way to log out of the Facebook Messenger application. Instead, users can choose between different availability statuses, including ""Appear as inactive"", ""Switch accounts"", and ""Turn off notifications"". Media outlets have reported on a workaround, by pressing a ""Clear data"" option in the application's menu in Settings on Android devices, which returns the user to the log-in screen. After being separated from the main Facebook app, Facebook Messenger had 600 million users in April 2015. This grew to 900 million in June 2016, 1 billion in July 2016, and 1.2 billion in April 2017."
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"were mobile users, 1.71 billion users in July 2016, 1.94 billion users in March 2017, and ultimately 2 billion users in June 2017. Early in 2015, it was reported that teenagers preferred competing web sites such as Instagram and Snapchat. The estimated number of teens leaving Facebook was a million per year. In November 2015, after skepticism about the accuracy of its ""monthly active users"" measurement, Facebook changed its definition of an ""active user"", now defining it as a logged-in member who visits the Facebook site through the web browser or mobile app, or uses the Facebook Messenger app, in"
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"more than 80 million downloads with global users accounting for 30% of the user base, and currently supports 10 languages in over 168 countries. Band Game was also released in May 2014 to provide a competitive platform for both users and game companies. According to a survey conducted by the app data analysis firm Wiseapp in September 2017, Naver BAND is the second most-used social media service app for South Korean users, after Facebook. Its total usage time was 29 million hours, which was a 32 percent increase from the previous year. Naver Café came in third place, outperforming Instagram,"
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"exclusive content entices Facebook users to ""like"" the pages of their favorite shows. As of May 2011, 275 million users ""liked"" a television show page on Facebook. The average users ""liked"" at least six shows leading to an average of 1.65 billion Likes of television shows. Seventeen of the top 100 most liked pages are television programs with Fox's ""The Simpsons"", ""Family Guy"" and Comedy Central's ""South Park"" being the top three most ""liked"" television pages. A show's Likes on Facebook also trend over time, being the most ""liked"" show on Facebook, ""The Simpsons"" (48 million ""likes"") sees an average"
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"million users in the previous year. In 2016, there was Instagram started as mobile and later developed into web-based platforms as well. In 2016, there was practically 1.6 billion active users around the world. Moreover, in the United States, a study named the usage of the most popular mobile social networking percentages showed that social media audiences spent a total of 230 billion minutes on Facebook in 2014, 80% higher than Instagram. Until January 2016, 52% of users in North America accessed social media through mobile when the global mobile social penetration rate was 27%. The report in 2017 showed"
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"their apps. This includes the discontinuation of their Twitter, Cricinfo and LinkedIn apps. Instead of continuing development on these applications, the focus would turn to their standalone Facebook app. At the end of December 2011, Snaptu's functionality ceased in its entirety, replaced with a message telling users that the service had ceased, and provided a link to download the successor application, ""Facebook for Every Phone"". On July 22, 2013, Facebook announced that Facebook for Every Phone has reached over 100 million monthly active users. A few months later, the company released a white paper that included an entire chapter about"
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"March 2018, the British High Court granted the Information Commissioner's Office a warrant to search Cambridge Analytica's London offices. The personal data of approximately 87 million Facebook users were acquired via the 270,000 Facebook users who used a Facebook app called ""This Is Your Digital Life."" By giving this third-party app permission to acquire their data, back in 2015, this also gave the app access to information on the user's friends network; this resulted in the data of about 87 million users, the majority of whom had not explicitly given Cambridge Analytica permission to access their data, being collected. The"
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"Facebook for Every Phone. The chapter revealed many details regarding the technical operation of the Snaptu system and the methods used to achieve high efficiency. On September 12, 2014, the Facebook app page of Facebook for Every Phone indicated over half a billion likes. Despite this high number, the company hasn't released any additional information about the app. Facebook has further repurposed the Snaptu technology stack and on June 4, 2015 it launched its Facebook Lite app for low-end Android devices based on the Snaptu technology. The company had been testing the app for a while and had been gradually"
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"first time. Many Facebook application developers have attempted to create viral applications. Stanford University even offered a class in the Fall of <time>2007</time>, entitled Computer Science (CS) 377W: ""Create Engaging Web Applications Using Metrics and Learning on Facebook"". Numerous applications created by the class were highly successful, and ranked amongst the top Facebook applications, with some achieving over 3.5 million users in a month. In 2011, ""The Guardian"" expressed concerns that users publishing content through a third party provider are exposed to losing their web positioning if their service is removed; and the open graph could force connecting web presence"
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"7.7 million daily active users on the Facebook platform. As of 24 February 2014, Wooga was the 43rd highest grossing app developer on the Apple iTunes Store, and 78th highest grossing on the Google Play platform, according to App Annie. Wooga Wooga is a mobile-first game developer in Berlin, Germany. The company develops free-to-play mobile and social games for mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets and social networks like Facebook. It is the world's 5th-biggest game developer (by monthly active users) on the Facebook platform as of March 2014.<br> Wooga’s company structure is non-traditional. Game development is decentralized, and"
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"as of July 2008. This made it the second most popular application on the MySpace platform. In addition to the Facebook and MySpace apps, Flixster has also developed applications for Bebo and Orkut. In August 2008, Flixster released an iOS application, which allows users to access movie showtimes, reviews, and trailers. Furthermore, this iPhone and iPod app for Flixster is the number one movie application on the platform. Flixster has also released apps for Android mobile phones, Windows Phone, and BlackBerry phones. In August 2010, Flixster hit 20 million combined mobile application downloads and has ranked as the top movie"
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"users' preferred Facebook content as well as their ""home town"" could then be accessed by the app. This was than used to acquire similar information of the user's contacts and continued to affect approximately 50 million people in total. It has also been claimed that pre-existing policies around access to personal information of Facebook users by ""third-party app developers"" are foundational to the ""crisis"". The company has received significant backlash following the disclosure of the use of private data by other entities. This backlash has also taken the form of demands for legal accountability, including the opening of an investigation"
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"calls, video calls and messaging. On January 4, 2018, WeChat was unblocked in Iran. WeChat WeChat () is a Chinese multi-purpose messaging, social media and mobile payment app developed by Tencent. It was first released in 2011, and by 2018 it was one of the world's largest standalone mobile apps by monthly active users, with over 1 billion monthly active users (902 million daily active users). Described as one of the world's most powerful apps by Forbes, it is also known as China's ""app for everything"" and a ""super app"" because of its wide range of functions and platforms. In"
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"Instagram boasted 500 million daily active users of its self-promotion, selfie-sharing app and 800 million monthly active users. Snapchat reports 178 million daily active users of its service. As of July 2017, in order of popularity, the four most popular social networking services are Facebook, Facebook Messenger, Instagram, and Snapchat. Initially popular with young people, selfies gained wider popularity over time. Life and business coach Jennifer Lee, in January 2011, was the first person to coin it as a hashtag on Instagram. By the end of 2012, ""Time"" magazine considered selfie one of the ""top 10 buzzwords"" of that year;"
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"The game is free to play; however, to progress quickly within the game, players are encouraged to spend Farm Cash (in ""FarmVille"") or Farm Bucks (in ""FarmVille 2""), which are purchasable with real-world currency, or to ""get help from their friends"". After its launch on Facebook in 2009, ""FarmVille"" became the most popular game on the site, and held that position for over two years. At its peak in March, 2010, ""FarmVille"" had 83.76 million monthly active users. Daily active users peaked at 34.5 million. Starting after 2011, the game began experiencing a considerable decline in popularity. By May 2012,"
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What is the largest city in Canada?
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"were scorned even by an underfunded candidate, Enza Anderson. By October, city officials were considering what they'd present the next year, with unicorns, air hockey tables, and UFOs on their list. In 2011, there was a similar snowman project, benefiting Starlight Children's Foundation Canada. Expectations for the auction were to raise $25,000 on some moose. Moose in the City Moose in the City was a year 2000 project by the City of Toronto in which 326 life-sized moose sculptures were placed throughout the city and decorated by local artists. McDonald's Canada founder and senior chairman George Cohon conceived of moose"
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"City, Sherbrooke, and Halifax are major regional centres. St John's and Saint John are smaller centres in Atlantic Canada. Whitehorse and Yellowknife are small and more isolated cities in the Canadian north, the serving as the capitals and largest cities of the Yukon and Northwest territories respectively. History of cities in Canada Canada's cities span the continent of North America from east to west, with many major cities located relatively close to the border with the United States. Cities are home to the majority of Canada's approximately 35.75 million inhabitants(as of 2015)—just over 80 percent of Canadians lived in urban"
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"include Muskoka, Huntsville, Haliburton, Kawarthas and the Georgian Bay area. Niagara Peninsula The Niagara Region borders the U.S. to the south, and is a popular travel destination. Ottawa Ottawa is the capital city of Canada, with stately architecture, including Parliament Hill. Ottawa is also known for its green spaces and its waterways - the Ottawa River, the Rideau River and the Rideau Canal, recently named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Culturally Ottawa offers many national galleries and museums such as the National Gallery of Canada, the National Arts Centre and the Canadian Museum of Civilization. Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada’s largest"
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"of over 5.5 million. Ottawa is Canada's fourth largest city and capital city. It is home to most federal government departments and the Parliament of Canada. It has a population of 964,743, and a metropolitan population of over 1.4 million. Southern Ontario contains the only city (but not the only community) in the nation from which one can travel north to the contiguous United States: Detroit, Michigan is north of Windsor, Ontario. Southern Ontario communities have 13 telephone area codes: 226, 249, 289, 343, 365, 416, 437, 519, 548, 613, 647, 705, and 905. Statistics Canada's measure of a ""metro"
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"three cities in Canada that saw their population grow by more than 100,000 people between 2011 and 2016. During this time Calgary saw a population growth of 142,387 people, followed by Edmonton at 120,345 people and Toronto at 116,511 people. The population of the City of Calgary according to its 2018 municipal census is 1,267,344, a change of The Calgary census metropolitan area (CMA) is the fourth-largest CMA in Canada and largest in Alberta. It had a population of 1,392,609 in the 2016 Census compared to its 2011 population of 1,214,839. Its five-year population change of 14.6 percent was the"
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"Canada Canada () is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. As a whole, Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land area being dominated by forest and tundra. Consequently, its population is highly urbanized, with over 80"
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"Toronto Toronto ( ) is the capital city of the province of Ontario and the largest city in Canada by population, with 2,731,571 residents in 2016. Current to 2016, the Toronto census metropolitan area (CMA), of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), held a population of 5,928,040, making it Canada's most populous CMA. Toronto is the anchor of an urban agglomeration, known as the Golden Horseshoe in Southern Ontario, located on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. A global city, Toronto is a centre of business, finance, arts, and culture, and is recognized as one of"
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"Population of Canada Canada ranks 38 comprising about 0.5% of the world's total population, with over 37 million Canadians as of 2018. Despite having the 2nd largest landmass, the vast majority of the country is sparsely inhabited, with most of its population south of the 55th parallel north. Though Canada's population density is low, many regions in the south such as Southern Ontario, have population densities higher than several European countries. Canada's largest population centres are Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton and Ottawa with those six being the only ones with more than one million people. The large size of"
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"well as North America's second-largest (after Greenland). The capital Iqaluit (formerly ""Frobisher Bay""), on Baffin Island in the east, was chosen by the 1995 capital plebiscite. Other major communities include the regional centres of Rankin Inlet and Cambridge Bay. Nunavut also includes Ellesmere Island to the far north, as well as the eastern and southern portions of Victoria Island in the west and Akimiski Island in James Bay far to the southeast of the rest of the territory. It is Canada's only geo-political region that is not connected to the rest of North America by highway. Nunavut is the largest"
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"Road. Toronto's traffic congestion is one of the highest in North America, and is the second highest in Canada after Vancouver, British Columbia. Toronto Toronto ( ) is the capital city of the province of Ontario and the largest city in Canada by population, with 2,731,571 residents in 2016. Current to 2016, the Toronto census metropolitan area (CMA), of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), held a population of 5,928,040, making it Canada's most populous CMA. Toronto is the anchor of an urban agglomeration, known as the Golden Horseshoe in Southern Ontario, located on the northwestern"
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"urban core where the urban core has a population of at least 100,000. Canada's largest metropoles are Toronto, Ontario, Montreal, Quebec and Vancouver, British Columbia. The primary metropolis in Chile is Santiago, with a population of 7 million in the metropolitan area. Santiago is the main political, financial, industrial, commercial, and cultural hub of Chile. In Colombia, Bogotá is the main metropolis with over 13 million inhabitants residing in its Metropolitan Area, which includes boroughs like Soacha, Mosquera, Cota, and Chía. The second metropolis in Colombia is Medellín, which includes such boroughs as Envigado, Itagüi, La Estrella, and Sabaneta. This"
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"Tourism in Canada Canada has a large domestic and foreign tourism industry. The second largest country in the world, Canada's incredible geographical variety is a significant tourist attractor. Much of the country's tourism is centred in the following (busiest) regions: Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver/Whistler, Niagara Falls, Vancouver Island, Calgary/Canadian Rockies, British Columbia's Okanagan Valley, and the national capital region Ottawa. The large cities are known for their culture, diversity, as well as the many national parks and historic sites. In 2012, over 16 million tourists arrived in Canada, bringing US$17.4 billion in international tourism receipts to the economy. Domestic and international"
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"to the entire Canada-U.S. border. Actually, many of Canada's most populated regions (and about 72% of the population) are south of the 49th parallel, including the two largest cities Toronto (43°42′ north) and Montreal (45°30′ north), the federal capital Ottawa (45°25′ north) and the capitals of all provinces except the Prairie provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba), these being the only provinces entirely north of the 49th parallel. The three Maritime provinces are each entirely south of the parallel, but the vast majority of Canadian territory lies north of it. Parts of the 49th parallel were originally surveyed using astronomical techniques"
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"2013. Economy of Montreal The Economy of Montreal is the second largest of all cities in Canada and the first in Quebec. The city is today a centre of commerce, industry, technology, culture, finance, and world affairs. In 2015, Metropolitan Montreal was responsible for $193 Billion CDN of Quebec's $370 Billion CDN GDP. Montreal became an important centre of trade early in its history and surpassed Quebec City in importance even before their populations became comparable. When Canada became part of the British Empire in 1763, it was already the centre of the North American Fur Trade. Over the course"
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"with indigenous nations separated. Population of Canada Canada ranks 38 comprising about 0.5% of the world's total population, with over 37 million Canadians as of 2018. Despite having the 2nd largest landmass, the vast majority of the country is sparsely inhabited, with most of its population south of the 55th parallel north. Though Canada's population density is low, many regions in the south such as Southern Ontario, have population densities higher than several European countries. Canada's largest population centres are Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton and Ottawa with those six being the only ones with more than one million people."
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"to a 2006 study conducted by Statistics Canada Canadians from South Asia will grow to between 3.1 and 4.1 million by 2031 or 8.1% to 9.2% of the Canadian population overall. As of 2011, Ontario, followed by British Columbia, had the largest population of Canadians from South Asia with Alberta and Quebec being home to significant communities as well. Metropolitan areas with large communities include the Toronto (834,000), Vancouver (252,000), Calgary (85,000), Montréal (79,000) and Edmonton (61,000). Municipalities with large communities include Brampton, Ontario (38.7%), Surrey, British Columbia (29.5%), Abbotsford, British Columbia (22.7%), Mississauga, Ontario (22.0%) and Markham, Ontario (19.4%)."
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"is today the largest city in Canada, and, largely as a result of changing immigration patterns since the 1960s, is also one of the most multi-cultural cities in the world. After the fall of New France to the British in 1759, a colonial governing class established itself in Quebec City. Larger numbers of English-speaking settlers arrived in the Eastern Townships and Montreal after the American Revolution. English, Scottish, and Irish communities established themselves in Montreal in the 1800s. Montreal would become Canada's largest city and commercial hub in Canada. An Anglo-Scot business elite would control Canadian commerce up until the"
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"Ottawa Ottawa (, ; ) is the capital city of Canada. It stands on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec; the two form the core of the Ottawa–Gatineau census metropolitan area (CMA) and the National Capital Region (NCR). As of 2016, Ottawa had a city population of 964,743 and a metropolitan population of 1,323,783 making it the fourth-largest city and the fifth-largest CMA in Canada. Founded in 1826 as Bytown, and incorporated as Ottawa in 1855, the city has evolved into the political centre of Canada. Its original"
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"Montreal Montreal ( ; ; officially Montréal) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada. Originally called ""Ville-Marie"", or ""City of Mary"", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. The city is centred on the Island of Montreal, which took its name from the same source as the city, and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard. It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold, snowy winters. In 2016, the"
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"not be necessary if the federal and provincial government agree to split the province. With 2.6 million residents, the city of Toronto is more populous than six provinces — Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Saskatchewan; With a population of over 6 million, the Greater Toronto Area is more populous than those six, as well as Alberta and British Columbia. The Province of Toronto would become the second smallest in Canada by area, larger only than Prince Edward Island, whose area is 5,660 km², but would become the third most populous province in Canada"
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"Northwest Territories: As of the 2016 Census, the total population of Western Canada was nearly 11.1 million, including approximately 4.65 million in British Columbia, 4.07 million in Alberta, 1.1 million in Saskatchewan, and 1.28 million in Manitoba. This represents 31.5% of Canada's population. While Vancouver serves as the largest metropolitan area in Western Canada at nearly 2.5 million people, Calgary serves as the largest municipality at over 1.2 million people. As of the 2016 Census, Statistics Canada recognized ten census metropolitan areas within Western Canada, including four in British Columbia, three in Alberta, two in Saskatchewan, and one in Manitoba."
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"Gatineau Gatineau (; ), officially ""Ville de Gatineau"", is a city in western Quebec, Canada. It is the fourth-largest city in the province after Montreal, Quebec City, and Laval. It is located on the northern bank of the Ottawa River, immediately across from Ottawa, together with which it forms Canada's National Capital Region. As of 2016, Gatineau had a population of 276,245, and a metropolitan population of 332,057. The Ottawa–Gatineau census metropolitan area had a population of 1,323,783. Gatineau is coextensive with a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of the same name, whose"
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"Quebec City Quebec City (pronounced or ; ; , Abenaki language: Kephek), officially Québec, is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec. The city had a population estimate of 531,902 in July 2016 (an increase of 3.0% from 2011), and the metropolitan area had a population of 800,296 in July 2016 (an increase of 4.3% from 2011), making it the second largest city in Quebec after Montreal, and the seventh largest metropolitan area and eleventh largest city in the country. Until the early 19th century it was the metropolis of present-day Canada, after which it was surpassed by"
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"Canada as the basis for census divisions or census subdivisions. Municipal elections usually elect a mayor and city council and often also a school board. Some locations may also elect other bodies, such as Vancouver, which elects its own parks board. Some municipalities will also hold referenda or ballot initiatives at the same time, usually relating to spending projects or tax changes. Elections for city councils are held through either a ward system or at-large system, depending on the location. Vancouver is the largest city in Canada to use the at-large system, while most other larger cities use wards. Most"
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"by John Furlong. The 2010 Winter Olympics were the third Olympics hosted by Canada and the first by the province of British Columbia. Canada hosted the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta. Metro Vancouver is the largest metropolitan area to host the Winter Olympics, although Calgary is the largest city to host the Winter Olympics. They will both be surpassed by Beijing in 2022. Following Olympic tradition, the incumbent mayor of Vancouver Sam Sullivan received the Olympic flag during the closing ceremony of the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. The flag"
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"the largest Chinese Canadian populations are the Greater Toronto Area (>700,000), Metro Vancouver (>500,000), Greater Montreal (120,000), Calgary Region (75,410), and the Edmonton Capital Region (53,670). The Chinese are the largest visible minority group in Alberta and British Columbia, and are the second largest in Ontario. The highest concentration of Chinese Canadians is in Vancouver, where one in five residents are Chinese. The province of Saskatchewan has a growing Chinese community, at over one percent as of 2006, mainly in the city of Saskatoon (2.1%), the province's largest city, and to a lesser extent, Regina (1.9%), the capital of the"
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"sports rivalries with other Great Lakes cities such as Hamilton (begun in 1873) as well as an intense historical rivalry with Montreal; the cities were two of the Original Six teams to contest the Stanley Cup. There is also a growing rivalry with the Ottawa Senators (dubbed the ""Battle of Ontario"") and the Buffalo Sabres. Culture in Toronto Toronto is the largest city of Canada and one of its most ethnically diverse; many immigrant cultures have brought their traditions, languages and music. It is a city of many museums, theatres, festival events and sports activities. Toronto's Royal Ontario Museum (""the"
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"2018, Toronto had the highest homicide rate among major Canadian cities with a rate of 3.5 per 100,000 people. It's current homicide rate is higher than in Winnipeg, Calgary, Edmonton, Vancouver, Ottawa, Montreal, Hamilton, New York City, San Diego, and Austin. Toronto has a number of post-secondary academic institutions. The University of Toronto, established in 1827, is Canada's largest university and has two satellite campuses, one of which is located in the city's eastern district of Scarborough while the other is located in the neighbouring city of Mississauga. York University, Canada's third-largest university, founded in 1959, is located in the"
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"Calgary, the largest city in Alberta. Calgary and Edmonton centre Alberta's two census metropolitan areas, both of which have populations exceeding one million, while the province has 16 census agglomerations. Tourist destinations in the province include Banff, Canmore, Drumheller, Jasper, Sylvan Lake and Lake Louise. Alberta is named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta (1848–1939), the fourth daughter of Queen Victoria. Princess Louise was the wife of John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, Governor General of Canada (1878–83). Lake Louise and Mount Alberta were also named in her honour. Alberta, with an area of , is the fourth-largest province after Quebec, Ontario"
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"and the Assiniboine River, Winnipeg has created the world's longest skating trail since 2008, including the all time record. Churchill on the Hudson Bay is a popular attraction due to the large polar bear and beluga whale population. The capital city Winnipeg, with a population of near 815,000, offers many cultural and artistic events, museums and year-round festivals. Brandon, Manitoba is a city of 56,000. Other cities with more than 10,000 people are Thompson, Portage la Prairie, Selkirk and Steinbach. Winnipeg has one of the best architectural settings in Canada. Half of its downtown consists of high-rise buildings from 1880-1920."
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"Moncton Moncton (; ) is the largest city in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Situated in the Petitcodiac River Valley, Moncton lies at the geographic centre of the Maritime Provinces. The city has earned the nickname ""Hub City"" due to its central inland location in the region and its history as a railway and land transportation hub for the Maritimes. The city proper has a population of 71,889 (2016) and has a land area of . The Moncton CMA has a population of 144,810 (2016), making it the largest city and CMA in New Brunswick, and the second-largest city"
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"Economy of Montreal The Economy of Montreal is the second largest of all cities in Canada and the first in Quebec. The city is today a centre of commerce, industry, technology, culture, finance, and world affairs. In 2015, Metropolitan Montreal was responsible for $193 Billion CDN of Quebec's $370 Billion CDN GDP. Montreal became an important centre of trade early in its history and surpassed Quebec City in importance even before their populations became comparable. When Canada became part of the British Empire in 1763, it was already the centre of the North American Fur Trade. Over the course of"
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"Greater Toronto Area The Greater Toronto Area (GTA) is the most populous metropolitan area in Canada. It consists of 25 incorporated municipalities within the central city of Toronto and the four regional municipalities which surround it: Durham, Halton, Peel, and York. According to the 2016 census, the Greater Toronto Area has a population of 6,417,516. The regional span of the Greater Toronto Area is sometimes combined with the city of Hamilton, located west of Halton Region, to form the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area. The Greater Toronto Area anchors a much larger unofficial urban agglomeration known as the Golden Horseshoe"
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December 12, 2003 saw the death of Keiko, an Orca whale, off the coast of Finland. Keiko achieved fame as a star in what movie series?
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"animals that are in captivity."" In 2010 the film """" was released. In 2013 a New York Times video, ""The Whale Who Would Not Be Freed"", included interviews about Keiko's only partly successful return to the ocean. Keiko (orca) Keiko (earlier Siggi and Kago), ( September 24, 1976 – December 12, 2003), was a male orca who portrayed Willy in the 1993 film ""Free Willy"". He was eventually freed in Iceland, in July 2002, but did not fully adapt to the wild and died in December 2003 in Norway. Keiko was captured near Reyðarfjörður, Iceland in 1979 and sold to"
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"fed during his 900-mile (1500 km) journey to Norway from Iceland. Keiko occasionally approached groups of wild killer whales, but remained on the periphery, at distances of 100–300 meters, with his head pointing toward the closest orca. Keiko died in Taknes Bay, Norway, while swimming in the fjords on December 12, 2003, at about 27 years of age. Pneumonia was determined as his probable cause of death. Most sources conclude that the project to free Keiko was a failure because this whale failed to adapt to life in the wild. In Norway, Keiko had little contact with other orcas and"
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"7, 1996, Keiko the killer whale arrived on a United Parcel Service C-130 cargo plane, with freight expenses donated by the company. This move from Reino Aventura, an amusement park in Mexico City, came after fund raising by environmentalists and school children to build a $7.8 million habitat for the movie star in Oregon. Keiko was moved to Iceland in 1998 in an attempt to return him to the wild. For 2012, the aquarium had 450,000 visitors and earned $850,000 on about $7.3 million in revenues. The Oregon Coast Aquarium's collection focuses on the flora and fauna native to the"
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"where he soon regained weight. In September 1998, he was flown to Klettsvik Bay in Vestmannaeyjar in Iceland, and gradually reintroduced to the wild, returning to the open sea in July 11, 2002. Keiko died from pneumonia in December 12, 2003 at the age of 27 years. He had become lethargic and had a loss of appetite. 1,477 killer whales were hunted in Japanese waters between 1948 and 1972, 545 of them around Hokkaido. Killer whale encounters in Japanese waters are now rare. In 1997 a group of ten killer whales was corralled by Japanese fisherman banging on iron rods"
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"much as the North American wolf's image has been changed. It is now widely seen as a respected predator posing little or no threat to humans. The ""Free Willy"" films (1993, 1995, 1997, 2010) present killer whales as victims of captivity, oil spills and poaching, and were influential in changing public attitudes to captive marine mammals. Following the success of the first of these, ""Free Willy"", the movie's captive star Keiko was returned to the coast of his native Iceland. The Japanese anime series ""Damekko Doubutsu"" features a killer whale in a humorous and ironic context: unable to swim without"
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"to humans for food and for company, and his inability to integrate with a pod of orcas, however, confirms that the project had failed according to a scientific study published in the journal Marine Mammal Science (July 2009). Keiko eventually died of pneumonia in a Norwegian bay on December 12, 2003. A decade later in 2013, a New York Times video reviewed Keiko's release into the wild. Reasons cited for Keiko's failure to adapt include his early age at capture, the long history of captivity, prolonged lack of contact with other orcas, and strong bonds with humans. Free Willy Free"
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"Keiko was fed daily by the Keiko Project group. Keiko died of pneumonia in December 2003. In 1986, an unidentified trainer was taken to the hospital after he fell off the park's male killer whale, Kandu 7 and was dragged by his leg around the pool during a trick. In 2001, Marineland added walruses to the marine mammals it kept. The first walrus was ""Sonja"", from the Moscow Zoo. It was joined by ""Zeus"" and ""Apollo"" two months later and ""Pandora"", ""Buttercup"" and ""Buddy"" in 2002. Marineland brought over ""Smooshi"" and ""Azul"" in 2004. In 2003, Marineland opened the ""Arctic"
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"specially designed frame, then placing them in foam-lined boxes full of seawater. However, restrictions on US killer whale import permits and advances in captive breeding programs meant that the market never became as large as expected. Growing concern from conservationists and animal rights activists has caused the Icelandic government to limit the number of orcas that may be captured each year. Perhaps the best known of the Icelandic captives is Keiko, caught in 1979 and sold to the Icelandic aquarium in Hafnarfjörður. Three years later, he was sold to Marineland Canada, where he first started performing for the public and"
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"multimedia franchise, being recognized by Guinness World Records as the longest running film franchise in history. Godzilla has since became an international pop culture icon and the film has been largely credited for establishing the template for ""Tokusatsu"". When the Japanese freighter ""Eiko-maru"" is destroyed near Odo Island, another ship – the ""Bingo-maru"" – is sent to investigate, only to meet the same fate with few survivors. A fishing boat from Odo is also destroyed, with one survivor. Fishing catches mysteriously drop to zero, blamed by an elder on the ancient sea creature known as ""Godzilla"". Reporters arrive on Odo"
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"the whales. In April 2014 the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia denied an appeal by SeaWorld. On December 22, 2015, an 18-year old SeaWorld orca, Unna, died at the SeaWorld Park in San Antonio, Texas. In 2013, SeaWorld's treatment of killer whales in captivity was the basis of the movie ""Blackfish"", which documents the history of Tilikum, a killer whale captured by SeaLand of the Pacific, later transported to SeaWorld Orlando who has been involved in the deaths of three people. In the aftermath of the release of the film, Martina McBride, 38 Special, REO Speedwagon,"
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"fiction films of all time, as well as a landmark in Japanese animation. It is also a landmark film in the cyberpunk genre, particularly the Japanese cyberpunk subgenre, as well as adult animation. The film had a significant impact on popular culture worldwide, paving the way for the growth of anime and Japanese popular culture in the Western world as well as influencing numerous works in animation, comics, film, music, television and video games. In July 1988, a blinding white singularity destroys Tokyo, resulting in World War III. By the 21st century, however, peace has been achieved. By 2019, Tokyo,"
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"quarantine for 30 days after his trip. There are two techniques for moving large marine mammals – wet transit, in which the animal is kept in a large tank of water, and dry transit, in which the animal is placed in a padded sling and kept calm, wet, and cool by human assistance. The decision whether to use wet or dry transit will depend on the size of the animal being transported and the distance to be traveled. The transportation of killer whales (orca) was a key feature of the popular film Free Willy. Keiko, who played the role of"
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"and at the film's end, seemingly for forgiveness. In contrast, the 1974 Walt Disney produced motion picture ""The Island at the Top of the World"" portrayed killer whales as bloodthirsty hunters of the protagonists in one particularly brutal scene. In ""Jaws"" (1975), the name of the boat used to hunt the great white shark is the ""Orca"", given the killer whale's status as a known predator of the shark. However, in the sequel ""Jaws 2"", the shark's first victim is a killer whale, which was probably intended more as a Hollywood joke than an accurate portrayal of the eating habits"
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"to search for Pinocchio in the ocean. After Pinocchio discovers that, he decides to search for Geppetto. While searching for Geppetto out in the ocean, Pinocchio gets swallowed by a whale. In the whale's stomach, he meets Geppetto (who had also been swallowed by the whale). Pinocchio manages to find the courage and wisdom needed to get himself and Geppetto out of the whale’s stomach safely. Eventually, as a token to Pinocchio's good deeds, the fairy with turquoise hair decides to transform Pinocchio into a real boy. A Japanese DVD Region 2 box set of the series was produced in"
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"Keiko, went when he was set free. Keiko died in December 2003 and was buried there. The people of Halsa have built a memorial cairn over Keiko's body, where people from all over the world are free to visit him. In the first year after his burial, around 5,000 people visited the grave but then fewer and fewer came and in 2007 only around 500 visitors paid him homage. In June 2008, hardly anyone had come to see the grave, so the municipality decided it would not continue keeping the grave in order. Halsa Halsa is a municipality in Møre"
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"are forced to survive on their own feces, on hunting penguins and seals on the ice shelves and even on eating seal excrement. As the months pass, most die or disappear. Riki is fatally injured by a killer whale while trying to protect Taro and Jiro, Anko and Deri fall through the ice and drown in the freezing waters, Shiro falls off a cliff to his death, and Jakku and Kuma disappear in the wilderness. Eleven months later, on 14 January 1959, Kitagawa, one of the dog handlers in the first expedition, returns with the Third Cross-Winter Expedition, wanting to"
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"was not fishing; for months before his death, the whale was being fed daily. A report in ""The Guardian"" describes the freed orca's life in Taknes Bay as follows: ""... until his death Keiko was, rather than frolicking freely in his fjord, being taken for 'walks' by caretakers in a small boat at least three times a week. ... It took more than 60 failed attempts to reunite Keiko with free orcas before he followed a group where, spotting a fishing vessel off the Norwegian coast, he followed it into the fjords that would prove his final resting place."" Another"
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"served six months in prison. On 16 June 2010, Kichinosuke committed suicide by jumping off her apartment in Shinjuku. She died of esophageal cancer in Tokyo on 11 January 2014, aged 80. She has appeared in more than 160 movies since 1949: Keiko Awaji Notable highlights of her career were an appearance in Akira Kurosawa's ""Stray Dog"", and a role as Kimiko in ""The Bridges at Toko-Ri"", in which she appeared alongside William Holden and Mickey Rooney. Her first husband was Filipino musician and actor Rodrigo ""Bimbo"" Danao; they had two children together. Their eldest is actor Etsuo Shima. Her"
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"in the amusement park Reino Aventura in Mexico City; this movement was called ""Free Keiko"". Keiko was moved to The Oregon Coast Aquarium in Oregon by flying in a UPS C-130 cargo plane. In Oregon, he was returned to health with the hopes of being able to return to the wild. In 1998, Keiko was moved to Iceland via a US Air Force C-17 to learn to live in the wild. After working with handlers, he was released from a sea pen in the summer of 2002 and swam to Norway following a pod of wild orcas. His subsequent return"
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"dead to sometimes happy and sometimes heart breaking ends. ""Sky High"" premiered on the Japanese television network, TV-Asahi, on January 17, 2003. The series starred popular Japanese actress and supermodel Yumiko Shaku, also known internationally for her starring role as action heroine JXSDF Lt. Akane Yashiro in two subsequent Godzilla movies, Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla (2002) and (2003). ""Sky High"" Season 1 (Series 1) ran for ten episodes, ending with a three-part thriller featuring special guest star Yamada Maiko. Season 2 (marketed as ""Sky High 2"") premiered on TV-Asahi on Friday, January 16, 2004, following the theatrical release of the big"
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"their tankmates, or humans, which critics say is a result of stress. Between 1991 and 2010, the bull orca known as Tilikum was involved in the death of three people, and was featured in the critically acclaimed 2013 film, ""Blackfish"". Tilikum lived at SeaWorld from 1992 until his death in 2017. A 2015 study coauthored by staff at SeaWorld and the Minnesota Zoo indicates that there is no significant difference in survivorship between free-ranging and captive killer whales. The authors speculate about the future utility of studying captive populations for the purposes of understanding orca biology and the implications of"
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"in Japan on December 16, 2001. In the film, Inuyasha, Kagome, Shippo, Sango, and Miroku must face Menomaru, a demonic enemy brought to life by a Shikon Shard, as they continue their quest to gather said shards. In the second film, """", released on December 21, 2002, the group defeats Naraku and returns to their normal lives only to have to deal with a new enemy named Kaguya, a character based upon a popular Japanese myth about a princess from the moon. The third film, """", was released on December 20, 2003. In it, a third sword of Inuyasha's father"
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"One day, Mika's Tokyo-bound flight catches mechanical trouble, putting over 300 souls in danger as the pilots attempt an emergency landing on water. Despite the plane landing safely, Senzaki, Yoshioka and their fellow sea monkeys only have 20 minutes to get everyone out before it sinks into water. ""Brave Hearts: Umizaru"" grossed a total of 7.33 billion yen at the Japanese box office in 2012, making it the top-grossing film there. Brave Hearts: Umizaru It is the fourth feature film in the live action ""Umizaru"" series, following films ""Umizaru"" (2004), """" (2006) and """" (2010), and the 2005 TV series"
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"classmates to be thrown through a gravity storm and crash land on a seemingly uninhabited planet. There, with Luna as their leader, the robot cat Chako, the lone wolf Kaoru, the spoiled rich boy Howard, the shy Sharla, the obedient Bell, the prideful musician Menori and the young genius Shingo must fight for their survival. But is the planet really uninhabited, or is there someone or something out there, waiting in the shadows? Uninhabited Planet Survive! , also known as Planet Survival is a science fiction/fantasy and action/adventure anime series that aired in Japan on NHK from October 2003 to"
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"Movie, which begins at dusk (7:30 p.m.), offers a free kid-friendly film each night of the Festival. The Outdoor Movie is projected onto a gigantic inflatable screen, nicknamed after the orca whale Keiko, with seating on straw bales. Pass sales range from a one pass ($40) to Patron Pass with access to all parties ($1,500). The ""Festival"" level pass includes Friday's ""Dinner on Taylor Street."" More than 650 passholders and filmmakers are served. All passes include a year-long Festival membership with film library privileges and discounted ticket and popcorn price to ""First Tuesday Salon,"" held each month at the Rose"
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"on television, including the ""Hissatsu"" series. Yamada was married four times, first to the actor Ichirō Tsukita, second to the producer Kazuo Takimura, third to the actor Yoshi Katō, and fourth to the actor Tsutomu Shimomoto. Her daughter with Tsukita, Michiko, became famous as the actress Michiko Saga. Yamada died from multiple organ failure in Tokyo on 9 July 2012 at the age of 95. Yamada earned numerous accolades during her long career. She earned double honors, a Blue Ribbon Award and a Mainichi Film Award for best actress, two times: in 1952 for ""Gendai-jin"" and ""Hakone Fūunroku"", and in"
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"the age of one year, has shown aggression toward humans. Kasatka tried to bite a trainer during a show in 1993, and again in 1999. On November 30, 2006, Kasatka grabbed a trainer and dragged him underwater during their show. The trainer suffered puncture wounds to both feet and a torn metatarsal ligament in his left foot. On Christmas Eve of 2009, 29-year-old Alexis Martínez of Loro Parque, Tenerife, Spain was killed by a whale named Keto. After spending two and a half minutes at the bottom of the 12-meter-deep main pool, his body was retrieved but he could not"
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"2003. It has been adapted as an anime film in 1996 and an anime television series between 2001–2002. Hayao Miyazaki's manga series ""Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind"" (later adapted into an anime film by Studio Ghibli in 1984) depicts a post-apocalyptic future where humanity was wiped out in the ""Seven Days of Fire"" 1,000 years before the main events. A ""Toxic Jungle"" threatens the last of humanity. Nausicaä is the princess of The Valley of the Wind who, rather than destroying the Toxic Jungle, decides to study the flora and fauna in the hopes of co-existing with the"
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"intervention. Another orca, Keiko, had been released into the wild in 2002 after spending most of his life in captivity, but lived alone until his death in Norway in 2003. Scientists considered the possibility that Springer had been rejected by her pod (although resident orcas had never been known to do this). Springer's pod might respond to her reappearance by a physical attack. Also, the increasing habituation with humans and vessels could jeopardize a successful return to the wild and humans could be endangered by Springer's close contacts with small boats. Springer's uncertain health was also a concern; Canadian officials"
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"success, but in recent years, the film has achieved a cult following among fans of the natural horror subgenre. Captain Nolan (Richard Harris) is an Irish Canadian who catches marine animals in order to pay off the mortgage of his boat and eventually return to Ireland. Nolan's crew is currently looking for a great white shark for a local aquarium, but a scientist named Ken (Robert Carradine) is targeted by the shark. An orca intervenes and kills the shark, saving Ken's life. This switches Nolan's target to the orca. Later while hunting with his crew, Nolan tries to capture what"
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"starboard bow region. This campaign was featured in the documentary ""At the Edge of the World"". The 2007–08 Antarctic campaign was named Operation Migaloo, after the only known albino humpback in the world. This campaign was the focus of the first season of Animal Planet's reality TV series ""Whale Wars"", which premiered on November 7, 2008. On January 15, 2008, after attempting to entangle the whaling vessel's propeller and throwing containers of butyric acid onto the decks, two Sea Shepherd members, Benjamin Potts and Giles Lane, from the Sea Shepherd vessel boarded the Japanese whaling vessel ""Yushin Maru No. 2"""
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"when three California gray whales became trapped in the ice offshore. After a two-week rescue effort (Operation Breakthrough), a Soviet icebreaker freed two of the whales. Journalist Tom Rose details the rescue, and the media frenzy that accompanied it, in his 1989 book ""Freeing The Whales"". The movie ""Big Miracle"" is based on the rescue and was released on February 3, 2012. In October 2016, a city referendum renamed the city from Barrow to its traditional Iñupiaq name, Utqiaġvik. The name change officially went into effect on December 1, 2016. Utqiagvik is roughly south of the North Pole. Only 2.6%"
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"reliable source states, ""He was seen diving among the wild orcas only once, on 30 July 2002. And after physical contact at the surface, Keiko swam away, seeking out human company on the tracking boat"". A very thorough scientific study published in the journal ""Marine Mammal Science"" (July 2009) confirms that he was seen on the periphery of some wild groups but was never seen to be socially integrated with such whales. In summary, ""He never integrated into a wild pod ... and could not break his need for human contact."" His return to humans for food and for company"
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Named for the gynecologist that invented them, what exercises for the pelvic muscles were originally developed to combat incontinence?
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"Kegel first published his ideas in 1948. He was Assistant Professor of Gynecology at the Keck School of Medicine of USC. Arnold Kegel Arnold Henry Kegel (born February 1894; death date variously reported as 1972; March 1, 1972; and 1976) was an American gynecologist who invented the Kegel perineometer (an instrument for measuring the strength of voluntary contractions of the pelvic floor muscles) and Kegel exercises (squeezing of the muscles of the pelvic floor) as non-surgical treatment of ""genital relaxation"". Today pelvic floor exercises are widely held as first-line treatment for urinary stress incontinence and any type of female incontinence"
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"observers. The pubococcygeus muscle controls urine flow and contracts during orgasm as well as assisting in male ejaculation. It also aids in childbirth as well as core stability. A strong pubococcygeus muscle has also been linked to a reduction in urinary incontinence and proper positioning of the baby's head during childbirth. The Kegel exercises are a series of voluntary contractions of all the perineal muscles. Such movement is done in an effort to strengthen all the striated muscles in the perineum's area. They are often referred to simply as ""kegels"", named after their founder, Dr. Arnold Kegel. These exercises also"
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"the pelvic floor, through specific designed magnetic pulse patterns. Many patients affected by urinary incontinence are unable to contract pelvic floor muscles selectively, and application of HIFEM can help with muscle strengthening and re-education independent of the brain function. HIFEM induces deep pelvic floor muscle stimulation and restoration of the neuromuscular control. To regain continence, regular pelvic floor muscles exercising is recommended. Normally, 300-500 contractions of the pelvic floor muscles should be performed to begin to develop a new motor pattern, whereas 3,000-5,000 contractions are required to erase and correct poor motor pattern. HIFEM technology can induce thousands of pelvic"
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"pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in men undergoing radical prostatectomy was not effective in reducing urinary incontinence. Alternative exercises have been studied for stress urinary incontinence in women. Evidence was insufficient to support the use of Paula method, abdominal muscle training, Pilates, Tai Chi, breathing exercises, postural training, and generalized fitness. Individuals who continue to experience urinary incontinence need to find a management solution that matches their individual situation. The use of mechanical devices has not been well studied in women as of 2014. A number of medications exist to treat incontinence including: fesoterodine, tolterodine and oxybutynin. While a number"
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"bladder before he or she would otherwise leak. Biofeedback and muscle conditioning, known as bladder training, can alter the bladder's schedule for storing and emptying urine. These techniques are effective for urge and overflow incontinence A 2013 randomized controlled trial found no benefit of adding biofeedback to pelvic floor muscle exercise in stress urinary incontinence, but observing improvements in both groups. In another randomized controlled trial the addition of biofeedback to the training of pelvic floor muscles for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence, improved pelvic floor muscle function, reduced urinary symptoms, and improved of the quality of life. Preoperative"
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"not technically part of the pelvic floor muscle group, but the EAS is a voluntary, striated muscle which therefore can be strengthened in a similar manner. It has not been established whether pelvic floor exercises can be distinguished from anal sphincter exercises in practice by the people doing them. This kind of exercise is more commonly used to treat urinary incontinence, for which there is a sound evidence base for effectiveness. More rarely are they used in FI. The effect of anal sphincter exercises are variously stated as an increase in the strength, speed or endurance of voluntary contraction (EAS)."
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"costally, showing instead it was only women’s fashionable corset clothing of the time that prevented diaphragmatic breathing. She found that women would breathe with their diaphragm with enough exercise. After her graduation as a doctor of medicine, Mosher worked in private practice, until she became an assistant professor of personal hygiene at Stanford in 1910. Mosher subsequently researched menstruation, gathering data from 2,000 women over 12,000 menstrual cycles. She revealed unhygienic habits that caused painful menstruation and created the Mosher breathing exercise, making her possibly the first American physician to advocate core-body-strength-increasing exercises to reduce the pain of menstrual cramps."
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"while diseases of the urinary tract are treated by urologists. Gynecologists may also treat female urinary incontinence. Diseases of other bodily systems also have a direct effect on urogenital function. For instance it has been shown that protein released by the kidneys in diabetes mellitus sensitises the kidney to the damaging effects of hypertension. Diabetes also can have a direct effect in urination due to peripheral neuropathies which occur in some individuals with poorly controlled diabetes. Urinary incontinence can result from a weakening of the pelvic floor muscles caused by factors such as pregnancy, childbirth, aging and being overweight. Pelvic"
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"balls and other shaped vaginal weightlifting equipment are recommended by gynecologists and obstetricians to increase vaginal elasticity and bladder control. Vaginal weights come in a spherical shape and are used in increasing weights to strengthen the vagina, which improves sexual performance. Mild urinary incontinence, such as that which occurs while coughing, laughing, or sneezing and occurs more often as women grow older, can be treated with Ben Wa balls, vaginal weights, or Kegel exercise. Practitioners of such spiritual traditions as Tantra and Chinese Taoism believe that Ben Wa Balls are helpful tools to exercise control and to explore the sensual"
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"some cases eliminated) by exposing a prenatal female to high levels of androgen. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common disease in women caused by pelvic floor muscle weakness. Coughing, laughing, sneezing, exercising or other movements that increase intra-abdominal pressure, and thus increase pressure on the bladder, are common reasons for urine loss. There are three layers of muscle that are known to control urine flow through the urethra; an inner band of longitudinal smooth muscle, a middle band of circular smooth muscle, and an external band of striated muscle called the rhabdosphincter. The urethra is controlled by the sympathetic,"
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"Pelvic thrust The pelvic thrust is the thrusting motion of the pelvic region, which is used for a variety of activities, such as dance or sexual activity. The pelvic thrust is used during sexual intercourse by many species of mammals, including humans, or for other sexual activities (such as non-penetrative sex). In 2007, German scientists noted that female monkeys could increase the vigor and amount of pelvic thrusts made by the male by shouting during intercourse. In whitetail deer, copulation consists of a single pelvic thrust. One of the first to perform this move on stage was Elvis Presley, which"
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"act. This chapter declares that many wives are not as satisfied by sexual encounters as they could be because they fail to achieve orgasm. Eleven reasons are given why women might experience dissatisfaction with sex and suggestions are given on how to overcome those problems. This chapter explains how Dr. Arnold H. Kegel started training women to exercise their pubococcygeus muscle in order to curb postpartum incontinence. It was discovered that a side effect of this exercise was to improve women's ability to experience orgasm. The authors recommend an exercise regimen for women seeking to improve their sexual response. This"
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"a more limited ""nerve-sparing"" technique may help reduce urinary incontinence and impotence. Postoperative urinary incontinence has been reported at 16% among patients at 12 months following radical prostatectomy. Although pelvic floor muscle training has been prescribed to improve urinary continence, the evidence for efficacy in men after radical prostatectomy has come into question recently. According to information from the Men After Prostate Surgery (MAPS) randomised control trial, pelvic floor muscle training was not shown to be therapeutic or cost effective in improving urinary continence. Of the patients in the intervention group, 148 of the 196 patients reported some form of"
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"floor for physiological stresses of the later stages of pregnancy and childbirth. Kegel exercises are said to be good for treating vaginal prolapse and preventing uterine prolapse in women and for treating prostate pain and swelling resulting from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis in men. Kegel exercises may be beneficial in treating urinary incontinence in both men and women. Kegel exercises may also increase sexual gratification, allowing women to complete pompoir and aid in reducing premature ejaculation in men. The many actions performed by Kegel muscles include holding in urine and avoiding defecation. Reproducing this type of muscle action"
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"Urological surgeons in Oxford to form the Oxford Continence Group. Her later work was on the treatment of the unstable urinary bladder, bladder outflow obstruction, anal sphincter function (particularly the role of nitric oxide), the role of the pelvic floor in maintaining urinary continence and the role of Interstitial Cells (of Cajal) in the urogenital tract. In the laboratory, Professor Brading was instrumental in training a generation of Urological surgeons in laboratory techniques, and also inspired basic science research. She was particularly proud of her contributions to the study of smooth muscle in Japan, where three of her former DPhil"
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"associated with this possible complication, and sometimes at high levels. Examples are midline internal sphincterotomy (8% risk), lateral internal sphincterotomy, fistulectomy, fistulotomy (18-52%), hemorrhoidectomy (33%), ileo-anal reservoir reconstruction, lower anterior resection, total abdominal colectomy, ureterosigmoidostomy, and anal dilation (Lord's procedure, 0-50%). Some authors consider obstetric trauma to be the most common cause. While the first mention of urinary incontinence occurs in 1500 BC in the Ebers Papyrus, the first mention of FI in a medical context is unknown. For many centuries, colonic irrigation was the only treatment available. Stoma creation was described in 1776, FI associated with rectal prolapse in"
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"in 1948 by Valerie Hunter Gordon (née de Ferranti), granddaughter of inventor Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti. Ever since their introduction several decades ago, product innovations include the use of superabsorbent polymers, resealable tapes, and elasticised waist bands. They are now much thinner and much more absorbent. The product range has more recently been extended into children's toilet training phase with the introduction of training pants and pant diapers, which are now undergarments. Modern disposable baby diapers and incontinence products have a layered construction, which allows the transfer and distribution of urine to an absorbent core structure where it is locked"
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"Ernst Gräfenberg Ernst Gräfenberg (September 26, 1881 in Adelebsen near Göttingen, Germany – 28 October 1957 in New York City, United States) was a German-born physician (medical doctor) and scientist. He is known for developing the intrauterine device (IUD), and for his studies of the role of the woman's urethra in orgasm. The G-spot is named after him. Gräfenberg studied medicine in Göttingen and Munich, earning his doctorate on 10 March 1905. He began working as a doctor of ophthalmology at the university of Würzburg, but then moved to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Kiel,"
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"seek help because they were embarrassed or thought it was a normal condition. Athletic incontinence Athletic incontinence (athletic leakage, athletic leaks, exercise-induced urinary incontinence) is the specific form of urinary incontinence that results from engaging in high-impact or strenuous activities. Unlike stress incontinence, which is defined as the loss of small amounts of urine associated with sneezing, laughing or exercising, athletic incontinence occurs exclusively during exercise. Athletic incontinence is generally thought to be the result of decreased structural support of the pelvic floor due to increased abdominal pressure during high-impact exercise. As such exercises that build and develop the pelvic"
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"urinary symptoms, and improved of the quality of life. Research has shown that biofeedback can improve the efficacy of pelvic floor exercises and help restore proper bladder functions. The mode of action of vaginal cones, for instance involves a biological biofeedback mechanism. Studies have shown that biofeedback obtained with vaginal cones is as effective as biofeedback induced through physiotherapy electrostimulation. In 1992, the United States Agency for Health Care Policy and Research recommended biofeedback as a first-line treatment for adult urinary incontinence. Biofeedback is a major treatment for anismus (paradoxical contraction of puborectalis during defecation). This therapy directly evolved from"
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"lessen the tension on the sphincter ends. The vaginal mucosa is then closed with continuous suture. Warren operation Warren operation is a surgery performed to correct anal incontinence. It is done by disrupting the anterior segment of the anal sphincter, perineal body and rectovaginal septum. This technique was first described by Warren in 1875, and got subsequently named after him. It was also called 'Warren flap method' and 'Warren apron technique'. The technique was further modified by Farrar for high lacerations of the rectovagnial septum. Unlike other surgeries for anal incontinence, a preliminary colostomy is not necessary for Warren operation."
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"flaps""). As a pedicled flap, gracilis muscle can be used in perineal and vaginal reconstruction, after oncological surgery, in the treatment of recurrent anovaginal and rectovaginal fistulas as well in the coverage of the neurovascular bundle after vascular surgery. As a functioning pedicled flap, the gracilis muscle can be transferred for the treatment of anal incontinence. This technique called graciloplasty was described in the 1950s by Pickrell and was revolutionized in the late 1980s by the introduction of chronic muscle electro-stimulation. The gracilis microsurgical free flap is commonly used in the reconstruction of upper and lower limbs, in breast reconstruction"
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"function to inhibit the release of urine. In males, the internal sphincter muscle of urethra functions to prevent reflux of seminal fluids into the male bladder during ejaculation. Females do have a more elaborate external sphincter muscle than males as it is made up of three parts: the sphincter urethrae, urethrovaginal muscle, and the compressor urethrae. The urethrovaginal muscle fibers wrap around the vagina and urethra and contraction leads to constriction of both the vagina and the urethra. The origin of the compressor urethrae muscle is the right and left inferior pubic ramus and it wraps anteriorly around the urethra"
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"Athletic incontinence Athletic incontinence (athletic leakage, athletic leaks, exercise-induced urinary incontinence) is the specific form of urinary incontinence that results from engaging in high-impact or strenuous activities. Unlike stress incontinence, which is defined as the loss of small amounts of urine associated with sneezing, laughing or exercising, athletic incontinence occurs exclusively during exercise. Athletic incontinence is generally thought to be the result of decreased structural support of the pelvic floor due to increased abdominal pressure during high-impact exercise. As such exercises that build and develop the pelvic floor may be an important step to counteracting athletic incontinence. In addition to"
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"may be estimated using a perineometer, which measures the pressure within the vagina. Medication may also be used to improve continence. In severe cases, surgery may be used to repair or even to reconstruct the pelvic floor. Perineology or pelviperineology is a speciality dealing with the functional troubles of the three axes (urological, gynaecological and coloproctological) of the pelvic floor. Pelvic floor The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is composed of muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus muscle, and associated connective tissue which span the area underneath the pelvis. The pelvic diaphragm is a muscular partition formed by"
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"floor muscles contractions via interaction of its magnetic field with motor neurons. The effects of HIFEM on urinary incontinence have been reported by several recent studies. In the U.S., two HIFEM devices are FDA-cleared for use. The EMSELLA procedure is FDA-cleared for the treatment of urinary incontinence, and the EMSCULPT procedure is FDA-cleared for strengthening, firming, and toning of abdomen and buttocks. High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Field High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Field (HIFEM) is a non-invasive medical technology brand that is used for strengthening and re-education of muscles via interaction of the magnetic field with the tissue of the patient. In aesthetic"
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"found. Urodynamic testing Urodynamic testing or urodynamics is a study that assesses how the bladder and urethra are performing their job of storing and releasing urine. Urodynamic tests can help explain symptoms such as: Urodynamic tests are usually performed in Urology, Gynecology, OB/GYN, Internal medicine, and Primary care offices. Urodynamics will provide the physician with the information necessary to diagnose the cause and nature of a patient's incontinence, thus giving the best treatment options available. Urodynamics is typically conducted by urologists or urogynecologists. The tests are most often arranged for men with enlarged prostate glands, and for women with incontinence"
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"600,000 men, experienced urinary incontinence, with this percentage increasing with age. The management of urinary incontinence with pads is mentioned in the earliest medical book known, the Ebers Papyrus (1500 BC). Incontinence has historically been a taboo subject in Western culture. However, this situation changed some when Kimberly-Clark aggressively marketed adult diapers in the 1980s with actor June Allyson as spokeswoman. Allyson was initially reticent to participate, but her mother, who had incontinence, convinced her that it was her duty in light of her successful career. The product proved a success. Urinary incontinence Urinary incontinence (UI), also known as involuntary"
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"bladder muscles. Other tests include: Patients are often asked to keep a diary for a day or more, up to a week, to record the pattern of voiding, noting times and the amounts of urine produced. Research projects that assess the efficacy of anti-incontinence therapies often quantify the extent of urinary incontinence. The methods include the 1-h pad test, measuring leakage volume; using a voiding diary, counting the number of incontinence episodes (leakage episodes) per day; and assessing of the strength of pelvic floor muscles, measuring the maximum vaginal squeeze pressure. Yearly screening is recommended for women by the Women's"
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"and menopause often contribute to stress urinary incontinence. If a woman has weak pelvic floor muscle support and tissue damage from childbirth or pelvic surgery, a lack of estrogen can further weaken the pelvic muscles and contribute to stress urinary incontinence. Pelvic organ prolapse, such as a rectocele or cystocele, is characterized by the descent of pelvic organs from their normal positions to impinge upon the vagina. A reduction in estrogen does not cause rectocele, cystocele or uterine prolapse, but childbirth and weakness in pelvic support structures can. Prolapse may also occur when the pelvic floor becomes injured during a"
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"than under normal circumstances. These researchers went on to conclude that paradoxical pelvic floor contraction is a common finding in healthy people as well as in people with chronic constipation and stool incontinence, and it represents a non-specific finding or laboratory artifact related to untoward conditions during examination, and that true anismus is actually rare. Paradoxical anal contraction during attempted defecation in constipated patients was first described in a paper in 1985, when the term anismus was first used. The researchers drew analogies to a condition called vaginismus, which involves paroxysmal (sudden and short lasting) contraction of pubococcygeus (another muscle"
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"an effective remedial measure in the prevention of certain cases of epilepsy and chorea. These increasingly common medical beliefs were even applied to females. The controversial obstetrical surgeon Isaac Baker Brown founded the London Surgical Home for Women in 1858, where he worked on advancing surgical procedures. In 1866, Baker Brown described the use of clitoridectomy, the removal of the clitoris, as a cure for several conditions, including epilepsy, catalepsy and mania, which he attributed to masturbation. In ""On the Curability of Certain Forms of Insanity, Epilepsy, Catalepsy, and Hysteria in Females"", he gave a 70 per cent success rate"
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"is named in honour of Tait. They have embarked upon a project of digitising Tait's work and resources related to Tait. Lawson Tait Lawson Tait, born Robert Lawson Tait (1 May 1845 – 13 June 1899) was a pioneer in pelvic and abdominal surgery and developed new techniques and procedures. He emphasized asepsis and introduced and advocated for surgical techniques that significantly reduced mortality. He is well known for introducing salpingectomy in 1883 as the treatment for ectopic pregnancy, a procedure that has saved countless lives since then. Tait and J. Marion Sims are considered the fathers of gynecology. Tait"
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Whom did Time Magazine tab as their Person of the Year for 2011?
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"(1969), ""The American Soldier"" (2003), ""You"" (2006), ""The Protester"" (2011) represented on the cover by a woman, and ""Ebola fighters"" (2014). Although the title on the magazine remained ""Man of The Year"" for both the 1956 ""Hungarian Freedom Fighter"" and the 1966 ""Twenty-five and Under"" editions which both featured a woman standing behind a man, and ""Men of the Year"" on the 1960 ""U.S. Scientists"" edition which exclusively featured men on its cover. It was not until the 1969 edition on ""The Middle Americans"" did the title embrace ""Man and Woman of the Year"". Despite the name, the title is"
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"listing 'Time Person of the Year, 2006' in Twitter bios, a reference to the gimmicky selection of 'You' that year?"" Additionally, the decision raised some criticism as it was described as ideological and even hypocritically political. Some weeks before the announcement, ""Time"" decided to ask the users in a poll, ""Who Should Be Person of the Year?"" After several weeks, the poll winner by a wide margin was Hugo Chávez, the leader of Venezuela, with 35% of the votes. The president of Iran, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, came in second. ""Time"" decided to ignore those results and did not mention them in"
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"award or prize, simply based on many previous selections of admirable people. However, ""Time"" magazine points out that controversial figures such as Adolf Hitler (1938), Joseph Stalin (1939 and 1942), Nikita Khrushchev (1957) and Ayatollah Khomeini (1979) have also been granted the title for their impacts. As a result of the public backlash it received from the United States for naming Khomeini as Man of the Year in 1979, ""Time"" has since shied away from using figures who are controversial in the United States for commercial reasons, fearing reductions in sales or advertising revenue. ""Time""s Person of the Year 2001,"
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"2011"" The original online sources refer to the list with the following quote: ""Meet the most influential people in the world. They are artists and activists, reformers and researchers, heads of state and captains of industry. Their ideas spark dialogue and dissent and sometimes even revolution. Welcome to this year's TIME 100."" The announcement was celebrated with a black-tie event in New York City on April 26, 2011. The honorees were joined by A-list celebrities at Frederick P. Rose Hall, Jazz at Lincoln Center for the event. ""Time"" readers contributed to the selection by an online vote of over 200"
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"title was given to Bill Clinton and Ken Starr, which led to outrage from the fans of Foley who mistakenly believed the winner of the poll would be the winner of the title. In 2006, the poll winner by a wide margin was Hugo Chávez, with 35% of the votes. The president of Iran, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, came in second. ""Time"" again ignored those results, not mentioning them in the announcement of the Person of the Year. ""Time"" continues to annually run an online poll for the ""People's Choice"", but stresses the decision on whom the magazine recognizes is not made"
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"Time Person of the Year Person of the Year (called Man of the Year or Woman of the Year until 1999) is an annual issue of the United States news magazine ""Time"" that features and profiles a person, a group, an idea, or an object that ""for better or for worse... has done the most to influence the events of the year"". The tradition of selecting a ""Man of the Year"" began in 1927, with ""Time"" editors contemplating the news makers of the years. The idea was also an attempt to remedy the editorial embarrassment earlier that year of not"
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"he had refused. ""Time"" denied that they had made any such promises or conditions to Trump, who was named a runner-up. ""Time"" magazine also holds an online poll for the readers to vote for who they believe to be the ""Person of the Year"". While many mistakenly believe the winner of the poll to be the ""Person of the Year"", the title, as mentioned above, is decided by the editors of ""Time"". In the first online poll held in 1998, wrestler and activist Mick Foley won with over 50% of the votes. Foley was removed from the poll, and the"
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"the announcement of their ""Person of the Year"". Its critics underlined that ""Time"" ignores its digital democracy among its readers. ""Time"" supporters argue that an online poll is not representative as it has no scientific value. The hyperlink to the online poll results has been removed. A 2014 ""New York Daily News"" article, which named the ""You"" naming as one of the ten most controversial ""Person of the Year"" moments in the history of ""Time"", also remarked that ""2006 had its fair share of newsmakers"" while highlighting both ""Venezuela President Hugo Chavez and Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad"". You (Time Person"
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"Year: Conrad Broughton (England) 2011: Person of the Year: Matti Chasan Bergstein (Denmark) 2012: The first Person of the Year since the sport was rebranded: VX Uganda. Unusually, the award did not go to one individual but was presented to VX Uganda as a body to recognise the work and effort that had been made by several people to grow the sport in Africa 2013: Person of the Year: Eric Clark (Ripon Lions) & John Sheepy (Boroughbridge Lions) 2014: Person of the Year: Tony Notarianni (USA) 2015: Person of the Year: Dr Suman Shankar Tiwari (India) 2016: Person of the"
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"immediately following the September 11, 2001 attacks, was New York City mayor Rudolph Giuliani. The stated rules of selection, the individual or group of individuals who have had the biggest effect on the year's news, made Osama bin Laden the more likely choice that year. The issue that declared Giuliani the Person of the Year included an article that mentioned ""Time's"" earlier decision to select the Ayatollah Khomeini and the 1999 rejection of Hitler as ""Person of the Century"". The article seemed to imply that Osama bin Laden ""was"" a stronger candidate than Giuliani, as Adolf Hitler was a stronger"
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"You (Time Person of the Year) ""You"" were chosen in 2006 as ""Time"" magazine's Person of the Year. The magazine set out to recognize the millions of people who anonymously contribute user-generated content to wikis and other websites such as Wikipedia, YouTube, MySpace, Facebook, and the multitudes of other websites featuring user contribution. While the status had been given before to inanimate objects, with the personal computer being the ""Machine of the Year"" for 1982, as well as collections of people or an abstract representative of a movement, the choice of ""You"" attracted criticism from commentators in publications such as"
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"televised ceremony that is also streamed on the internet, most commonly in February or March following the relevant calendar year, and six weeks after the announcement of the final shortlist of nominees. Winners of the Young Person of the Year award include Tanzanian entrepreneur Ashish Thakkar, malaria scientist Ify Aniebo, writer Chimamanda Adichie, NASA scholar Tosin Otitoju, agriculture entrepreneur and advocate Nnaemekan Ikegwuonu. The awards have drawn criticism from several quarters, especially as regards the ages of the nominees. In December 2011, Chude Jideonwo released a statement, stating: “We certainly have had more than a few complaints about the ages"
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"The next change in border was in the September 19, 2011, issue, commemorating the 10th anniversary of September 11 attacks with a metallic silver border. Another silver border was used in the December 31, 2012, issue, noting Barack Obama's selection as Person of the Year. The most recent change was the November 28 / December 5, 2016 issue, featuring a silver border covering the Most Influential Photos of All Time. Former president Richard Nixon has been among the most frequently-featured on the front page of Time, having appeared 55 times from the August 25, 1952 issue to the May 2,"
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"by the poll, but by the magazine's editors. Time Person of the Year Person of the Year (called Man of the Year or Woman of the Year until 1999) is an annual issue of the United States news magazine ""Time"" that features and profiles a person, a group, an idea, or an object that ""for better or for worse... has done the most to influence the events of the year"". The tradition of selecting a ""Man of the Year"" began in 1927, with ""Time"" editors contemplating the news makers of the years. The idea was also an attempt to remedy"
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"On the emeritus list are: On November 1, 2011, ""Golf Magazine"" selected Rory McIlroy over Yani Tseng for its 2011 player of year. The magazine's editor, David Clarke wrote, “We are pleased to name Rory McIlroy as our inaugural Player of the Year.” Americans have embraced this young Northern Irishman, taking him into their hearts not just out of admiration for his amazing talent, but also for the grace he has shown in victory and defeat, his generosity of time with fans, and his commitments to causes beyond golf.” The McIlroy selection was heavily criticized by golf bloggers. The #1"
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"contributed to the launch of the “Me Too” movement when he came forward publicly about abuse suffered in the industry as a young actor, offering a platform to survivors of sexual assault. Blaise was the first to give a voice to male victims of sexual assault, who have traditionally been stigmatized. Blaise was named one of Time Magazine's Time Person of the Year in 2017 for his work in the movement, alongside fellow celebrities Taylor Swift, Ashley Judd and Alyssa Milano, as well as lesser known activists Susan Fowler and Adama Iwu. Blaise Godbe Lipman Blaise Godbe Lipman is an"
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"year, and her husband Blake Shelton took home male vocalist. The night's top prize, entertainer of the year, went to Taylor Swift, which was her only victory of the evening. New Artist of the Year went to The Band Perry, who was also nominated for Vocal Group of the Year. When Taylor Swift won entertainer of the year in 2011, she became only the second female artist to ever win the honor twice, after Barbara Mandrell won it in 1980 and 1981. Swift is currently one of six female artists to ever win the award. Winners are shown in bold."
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"not just granted to individuals. Pairs of people such as married couples and political opponents, classes of people, and inanimate objects have all been selected for the special year-end issue. In 1949, Winston Churchill was named ""Man of the Half-Century"", and the last issue of 1989 named Mikhail Gorbachev as ""Man of the Decade"". The December 31, 1999 issue of ""Time"" named Albert Einstein the ""Person of the Century"". Franklin D. Roosevelt and Mahatma Gandhi were chosen as runners-up. Despite the magazine's frequent statements to the contrary, the designation is often regarded as an honor, and spoken of as an"
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"content, stating that he wanted the magazine to be more selective and to represent ""knowledge"" rather than ""undigested information."" He increased reporting on war and politics, giving ""Time"" a more focused editorial profile. In his first year as managing editor, Stengel selected ""You"" as ""Time""<nowiki>'</nowiki>s ""Person of the Year"", which was the subject of much media coverage and debate. In 2010, ""Time"" chose another social media-oriented ""Person of the Year"", Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg. In 2008, Stengel approved the changing of ""Time""'s emblematic red border for only the second time since its adoption. The border was changed to green for"
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"The list also included Katsunobu Sakurai, mayor of Minamisōma, Fukushima, which was the city most affected by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. ""List of individuals included in the TIME 100 in 2010"" In its online presentation, ""Time"" introduced the list as follows: ""In our annual TIME 100 issue, we name the people who most affect our world"". The overall list was organized with 4 main sub-lists: Leaders, featuring Sarah Palin and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva; Artists, featuring Conan O'Brien and Lady Gaga; and Thinkers, featuring Steve Jobs and Zaha Hadid. The list included 10 . Oprah Winfrey continued"
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"1994 issue. In 2007, ""Time"" engineered a style overhaul of the magazine. Among other changes, the magazine reduced the red cover border to promote featured stories, enlarged column titles, reduced the number of featured stories, increased white space around articles, and accompanied opinion pieces with photographs of the writers. The changes have met both criticism and praise. ""Time""s most famous feature throughout its history has been the annual ""Person of the Year"" (formerly ""Man of the Year"") cover story, in which ""Time"" recognizes the individual or group of individuals who have had the biggest impact on news headlines over the"
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"""The Atlantic"" for being too much of a pop culture gimmick. A ""New York Daily News"" article named the 2006 award as one of the ten most controversial ""Person of the Year"" moments in the history of ""Time"". However, the news-magazine experienced generally successful sales. While most earlier choices for ""Person of the Year"" have been historically important individuals, many of them infamous rather than internationally popular (Adolf Hitler was 1938's ""Man of the Year"", and Ayatollah Khomeini won in 1979), a few were inanimate. The personal computer was the ""Machine of the Year"" for 1982, while the ""Endangered Earth"""
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"call Mel up, he agrees. They set the date and time in LA. I'm to fly there. He's flying from Australia. Something happens when he gets home... Next thing, Mel calls up and says, 'I'm not doing it. I've thought it over and it is not the right thing to do.' So they put Bush on the cover."" On November 24, 2017, U.S. president Donald Trump posted on the social media network Twitter that ""Time"" editors had told him he would ""probably"" be named Person of the Year for a second time, conditional on an interview and photo shoot which"
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"having aviator Charles Lindbergh on its cover following his historic trans-Atlantic flight. By the end of the year, it was decided that a cover story featuring Lindbergh as the Man of the Year would serve both purposes. Since the list began, every serving President of the United States has been a Man or Person of the Year at least once with the exceptions of Calvin Coolidge (in office at time of the first issue), Herbert Hoover (the subsequent U.S. President), and Gerald Ford. Most were named Man or Person of the Year either the year they were elected or while"
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"2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or The 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or Gala was the second year for FIFA's awards for the top football players and coaches of the year. The awards were given out in Zürich on 9 January 2012, with Lionel Messi claiming the title of world player of the year for the third time in a row. The gala ceremony was hosted by former Ballon d'Or winner Ruud Gullit and broadcast journalist Kay Murray of Real Madrid TV and Fox Soccer Channel, with singer-songwriter James Blunt and his band providing musical entertainment. Individual awards were presented by, among others, Ronaldo,"
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"away"", and the 2008 presidential campaign. Following the election, president-elect Barack Obama was selected by Stengel as ""Person of the Year"" for Obama's 14th appearance on ""Time""'s cover in 2008. Stengel writes editorials for ""Time"", including a 2010 piece explaining their use on ""Time""<nowiki>'</nowiki>s cover of a portrait of an 18-year-old Afghan woman whose nose and ears had been cut off by the Taliban as a punishment for running away from her in-laws. For a ""Time"" cover story in December 2010, he interviewed WikiLeaks spokesperson Julian Assange over Skype, in which Assange called for the resignation of United States Secretary"
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"make it once"". In 2017, ""Time"" named The Silence Breakers, women and men who came forward with personal stories of sexual harassment, as Person of the Year. In recent years, ""Time"" has assembled an annual list of the 100 most influential people of the year. Originally, they had made a list of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. These issues usually have the front cover filled with pictures of people from the list and devote a substantial amount of space within the magazine to the 100 articles about each person on the list. In some cases, over"
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"candidate than Albert Einstein. The selections were ultimately based on what the magazine describes as who they believed had a stronger influence on history and who represented either the year or the century the most. According to ""Time"", Rudolph Giuliani was selected for symbolizing the American response to the September 11th attacks, and Albert Einstein selected for representing a century of scientific exploration and wonder. Another controversial choice was the 2006 selection of ""You"", representing most if not all people for advancing the information age by using the Internet (via e.g. blogs, MySpace, YouTube, and Wikipedia). In 1941, the fictional"
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"Einstein as the Person of the Century. ""Time""s article cites twenty persons in each of five broad categories: Leaders and Revolutionaries, Scientists and Thinkers, Builders and Titans, Artists and Entertainers, and Heroes and Icons. Of the 100 chosen, Albert Einstein was chosen as the Person of the Century, on the grounds that he was the preeminent scientist in a century dominated by science. The editors of ""Time"" believed the 20th century ""will be remembered foremost for its science and technology"", and Einstein ""serves as a symbol of all the scientists—such as Fermi, Heisenberg, Bohr, Richard Feynman, ...who built upon his"
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"that the selection marked ""some sort of near-term market top for user-generated content"". Commentator Kevin Friedl noted that the award and cover design recalled the mirror viewed by the protagonist, the Dude, of ""The Big Lebowski"", via which the viewer's reflection was framed as ""Time"" ""Man of the Year"". In December 2012, journalist David A. Graham wrote for ""The Atlantic"" that he thought ""Time"" had shown ""a pattern of lackluster choices"" and the overall promotional nature of the process shouldn't be treated as news, rather simply viewed as marketing. He remarked, ""Is anyone out there ""not"" sick of people ironically"
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"Influential People"" in its May 2004 special issue and again in the 2006 Time 100 special issue. In 2005, ""Time"", named Bono, with Bill and Melinda Gates, a Person of the Year. Also in 2005, he received the Portuguese Order of Liberty for his humanitarian work. That year Bono was also among the first three recipients of the TED Prize, which grants each winner ""A wish to change the world"". Bono made three wishes, the first two related to the ONE campaign and the third that every hospital, health clinic and school in Ethiopia should be connected to the Internet."
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"of Illinois Rod Blagojevich claimed that the endorsement was so significant in electing Obama president that he considered offering Obama's former seat in the Senate to Winfrey. Winfrey was at times called ""arguably the world's most powerful woman"" by CNN and Time.com, ""arguably the most influential woman in the world"" by The American Spectator, """" and ""one of the most influential people"" of 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 by ""Time"". Winfrey is the only person in the world to have made all nine lists. At the end of the 20th century ""Life"" listed Winfrey as both"
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"of the Year: Katherine Grainger Paralympian of the Year: Sarah Storey Young Olympian of the Year: Jade Jones Young Paralympian of the Year: Ellie Simmonds Team of the Year: GB team pursuit cycling squad (Dani King, Laura Trott and Joanna Rowsell) Community Award: Di Redfern Coach of the Year: Jenny Archer The Helen Rollason Award for Inspiration: Claire Lomas Lifetime Achievement Award: Baroness Sue Campbell 2011 The Sunday Times Sportswomen of the Year awards Venue: ""The Sunday Times"" offices Sportswoman of the Year: Sarah Stevenson Runner-up: Hayley Turner Team of the Year: Europe's Solheim Cup team, captained by Alison Nicholas"
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Los Angeles is the largest city in California? What city holds the honor of being the second largest?
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"Long Beach, California Long Beach is a city on the Pacific Coast of the United States, within the Los Angeles metropolitan area of Southern California. As of 2010, its population was 462,257. It is the 39th most populous city in the United States and the 7th most populous in California. Long Beach is the second-largest city in the Los Angeles metropolitan area and the third largest in Southern California behind Los Angeles and San Diego. Long Beach is a charter city. The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the"
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"Los Angeles Los Angeles (; ), officially the City of Los Angeles and known colloquially by its initials L.A., is the most-populous city in California. It is the second-most populous city in the United States, after New York City, and the largest and most populous city in the Western United States. With an estimated population of four million, Los Angeles is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. Nicknamed the ""City of Angels"" partly because of its name's Spanish meaning, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, Hollywood and the entertainment industry, and sprawling metropolis."
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"Greater Los Angeles Greater Los Angeles is the second-largest urban region in the United States, encompassing five counties in southern California, extending from Ventura County in the west to San Bernardino County and Riverside County on the east, with Los Angeles County in the center and Orange County to the southeast. It consists of three metropolitan areas in Southern California; the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the Inland Empire, and the Ventura/ Oxnard metropolitan area (Ventura County). Throughout the 20th century, it was one of the fastest-growing regions in the United States, although growth has slowed since 2000. As of the"
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"Island is provided by Catalina Express. As home to Hollywood and its entertainment industry, numerous singers, actors, celebrities and other entertainers live in various districts of Los Angeles. Los Angeles has 25 sister cities, listed chronologically by year joined: In addition, Los Angeles has the following ""friendship cities"": General Architecture and urban theory Race relations LGBT Environment Art and literature Los Angeles Los Angeles (; ), officially the City of Los Angeles and known colloquially by its initials L.A., is the most-populous city in California. It is the second-most populous city in the United States, after New York City, and"
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"California California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States. With 39.5 million residents, California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area. The state capital is Sacramento. The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, with 18.7 million and 8.8 million residents respectively. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second-most populous, after New York City. California also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County; its largest county by area, San Bernardino County; and its second"
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"Center. Both teams will share the new Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park in Inglewood, California, once construction is completed. Greater Los Angeles Greater Los Angeles is the second-largest urban region in the United States, encompassing five counties in southern California, extending from Ventura County in the west to San Bernardino County and Riverside County on the east, with Los Angeles County in the center and Orange County to the southeast. It consists of three metropolitan areas in Southern California; the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the Inland Empire, and the Ventura/ Oxnard metropolitan area (Ventura County). Throughout the 20th century,"
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"behind England in the United Kingdom, which has no administrative functions). California's population is greater than that of all but 34 countries of the world. The Greater Los Angeles Area is the 2nd-largest metropolitan area in the United States, after the New York metropolitan area, while Los Angeles, with nearly half the population of New York City, is the second-largest city in the United States. Also, Los Angeles County has held the title of most populous United States county for decades, and it alone is more populous than 42 United States states. Including Los Angeles, four of the top 15"
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"9 of the 50 biggest US cities, both the most of any megaregion in the country. On a global scale, the megapolitan area would contain three of the fifty largest cities in the Americas. The largest cities in descending order are: Los Angeles, San Diego, Tijuana, San Jose, San Francisco, Mexicali, Las Vegas, Fresno, Sacramento, Long Beach, Oakland, Bakersfield, Anaheim, and Santa Ana. California's economy as a whole is the largest of any state in the United States and is the fourth largest economy in the world. The Northern California megaregion is home to the Silicon Valley with major corporations"
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"area, and Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura metropolitan area form Greater Los Angeles; while the El Centro metropolitan area and San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form the Southern Border Region. North of Greater Los Angeles are the Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, and Bakersfield metropolitan areas. Los Angeles (with a 2017 census-estimated population of 4.0 million people) and San Diego (at 1.4 million people) are the two largest cities in all of California and are in the top eight largest cities in the United States. In southern California, there are also 12 cities with more than 200,000 residents and 34 cities over 100,000"
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"Also, Los Angeles boasts one of the busiest major airports in the world: LAX, also the Port of Los Angeles is the largest maritime port in the United States, and North America, and is the 4th largest in the world. Los Angeles is the largest city in California, and the second largest in the U.S., and is the world's capital for entertainment. Many factors make Los Angeles an important place on the global stage. The Los Angeles customs district is the largest in the U.S. in terms of international trade capital and volume. In demographic terms, Los Angeles is arguably"
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"Los Angeles is located in a large basin bounded by the Pacific Ocean on one side and by mountains as high as on the others. The city proper, which covers about , is the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the country. Los Angeles is the principal city of the Los Angeles metropolitan area; with a population of 13.1 million residents it is the second largest in the United States after that of New York City. It is part of the Los Angeles-Long Beach combined statistical area, also the second most populous in the nation with"
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"most densely populated city and fifth most densely populated county, San Francisco. California's $2.9 trillion economy is larger than that of any other state, larger than those of Texas and Florida combined, and the largest sub-national economy in the world. If it were a country, California would be the 5th largest economy in the world (larger than the U.K., France, or India), and the 36th most populous . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second- and third-largest urban economies ($1.253 trillion and $878 billion respectively ), after the New York City metropolitan"
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"Los Angeles metropolitan area The Los Angeles metropolitan area, also known as Metropolitan Los Angeles or the Southland, is the 30th largest metropolitan area in the world and the second-largest metropolitan area in the United States. It is the 3rd largest city by GDP in the world with a $1 trillion+ economy. It is entirely located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of California. The tallest building in the Los Angeles metropolitan area is the Wilshire Grand Center at 1,100 feet (335.3 m) in Downtown Los Angeles. The metropolitan area is defined by the Office of Management and"
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"Los Angeles County, California Los Angeles County, officially the County of Los Angeles (), is the most populous county in the Los Angeles metropolitan area of the U.S. state of California in the United States, with more than 10 million inhabitants . As such, it is the largest non-state level government entity in the United States. Its population is larger than that of 41 individual U.S. states. It is the third-largest metropolitan economy in the world, with a Nominal GDP of over $700 billion — larger than the GDPs of Belgium, Saudi Arabia, Norway and Taiwan. It has 88 incorporated"
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"number of registered Democrats (2,430,612) and Republicans (1,037,031) of any county in the state. California California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States. With 39.5 million residents, California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area. The state capital is Sacramento. The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, with 18.7 million and 8.8 million residents respectively. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second-most populous, after New York City. California also has the nation's most populous county,"
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"California contains roughly 60 percent of California's population. The Colorado Desert and the Colorado River are located on southern California's eastern border with Arizona, and the Mojave Desert is located north on California's Nevada border. Southern California's southern border is part of the Mexico–United States border. Within southern California are two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 4,042,000, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States. South of Los Angeles and with a population of"
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"means shaking was felt. Los Angeles metropolitan area The Los Angeles metropolitan area, also known as Metropolitan Los Angeles or the Southland, is the 30th largest metropolitan area in the world and the second-largest metropolitan area in the United States. It is the 3rd largest city by GDP in the world with a $1 trillion+ economy. It is entirely located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of California. The tallest building in the Los Angeles metropolitan area is the Wilshire Grand Center at 1,100 feet (335.3 m) in Downtown Los Angeles. The metropolitan area is defined by the"
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"Griffith Park Griffith Park is a large municipal park at the eastern end of the Santa Monica Mountains, in the Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. The park covers of land, making it one of the largest urban parks in North America. It is the second-largest city park in California, after Mission Trails Preserve in San Diego, and the 11th largest municipally owned park in the United States. It has also been referred to as the Central Park of Los Angeles but is much larger, more untamed, and rugged than its New York City counterpart. After successfully investing in"
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"Oakland, California Oakland is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States. A major West Coast port city, Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the third largest city overall in the San Francisco Bay Area, the eighth most populated city in California, and the 45th largest city in the United States. With a population of 412,040 , it serves as a trade center for the San Francisco Bay Area; its Port of Oakland is the busiest port in the San Francisco Bay, the entirety of"
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"Bernardino County have become commuter regions characteristic of other suburban counties throughout the nation. Most residents in these counties commute to Los Angeles County and Orange County for employment. With a population of 3.8 million people as of the 2010 Census, Los Angeles is the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, and is the focal point of the Greater Los Angeles Area. As an international center for finance, entertainment, media, culture, education, tourism, and science, Los Angeles is considered one of the world's most powerful and influential global cities. As with some municipalities and"
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"Santa Clarita, California Santa Clarita, officially the City of Santa Clarita, is the third largest city in Los Angeles County, California, and the 24th largest in the state of California. The city has annexed a number of unincorporated areas, contributing to the large population increase. It is located about northwest of downtown Los Angeles, and occupies most of the Santa Clarita Valley. It is a notable example of a U.S. edge city or boomburb. Santa Clarita was ranked by ""Money"" magazine in 2006 as 18th of the top 100 places to live. Santa Clarita was incorporated in December 1987 as"
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"Pasadena, California Pasadena is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, located 10 miles (16 kilometers) northeast of Downtown Los Angeles. The estimated population of Pasadena was 142,647, in 2017, making it the 183rd-largest city in the United States. Pasadena is the ninth-largest city in Los Angeles County. Pasadena was incorporated on June 19, 1886, becoming one of the first cities to be incorporated in what is now Los Angeles County, following the city of Los Angeles (April 4, 1850). It is one of the primary cultural centers of the San Gabriel Valley. The city is known for"
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"a 2015 estimated population of 18.7 million. Los Angeles is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States, with a diverse economy in a broad range of professional and cultural fields. Los Angeles is also famous as the home of Hollywood, a major center of the world entertainment industry. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index and 9th in the Global Economic Power Index. The Los Angeles combined statistical area also has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion (), making it the third-largest in the world, after the Tokyo and"
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"any other state. The San Francisco Bay Area has seven major league teams spread in its three major cities: San Francisco, San Jose, and Oakland, while the Greater Los Angeles Area is home to ten major league franchises. San Diego and Sacramento each have one major league team. The NFL Super Bowl has been hosted in California 11 times at four different stadiums: Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, the Rose Bowl, Stanford Stadium, and San Diego's Qualcomm Stadium. A twelfth, Super Bowl 50, was held at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara on February 7, 2016. California has long had many respected"
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"in the movie industry. Many films and television broadcasts were shot at the high school. The major movies and television broadcasts are shown below, in order from recent releases to old releases. El Segundo, California El Segundo is a city located in Los Angeles County, California, United States. ""El Segundo"", from Spanish, means ""The Second"" in English. Located on the Santa Monica Bay, it was incorporated on January 18, 1917, and part of the South Bay Cities Council of Governments. The population was 16,654 at the 2010 census, slightly up from 16,033 at the 2000 census. The El Segundo and"
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"Lancaster, California Lancaster is a charter city in northern Los Angeles County, in the Antelope Valley of the western Mojave Desert in Southern California. As of 2013, Lancaster was the 31st largest city in California. Lancaster is part of a twin city complex with its southern neighbor Palmdale and together they are the principal cities within the Antelope Valley region. Lancaster is located approximately north (by highway) of downtown Los Angeles, near the Kern County line. It is separated from the Los Angeles Basin by the San Gabriel Mountains to the south, and from Bakersfield and the San Joaquin Valley"
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"most populous cities in the U.S. are in California: Los Angeles (2nd), San Diego (8th), San Jose (10th), and San Francisco (13th). The center of population of California is located in the town of Buttonwillow, Kern County. The state has 482 incorporated cities and towns, of which 460 are cities and 22 are towns. Under California law, the terms ""city"" and ""town"" are explicitly interchangeable; the name of an incorporated municipality in the state can either be ""City of (Name)"" or ""Town of (Name)"". Sacramento became California's first incorporated city on February 27, 1850. San Jose, San Diego and Benicia"
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"are reserved for recreational activities such as fishing, camping, hiking, and boating, but other government lands also allow commercial activities like ranching, logging, and mining. In recent years, some local residents who earn their livelihoods on federal land have come into conflict with the land's managers, who are required to keep land use within environmentally acceptable limits. The largest city in the region is Los Angeles, located on the West Coast. Other West Coast cities include San Diego, San Bernardino, San Jose, San Francisco, Oakland, Bakersfield, Sacramento, Seattle, Tacoma, and Portland. Prominent cities in the Mountain States include Denver, Colorado"
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"Los Angeles metropolitan area, the California-Mexico border counties of San Diego and Imperial, and the San Joaquin Valley. By ethnicity, 38.1% of the total population is Hispanic (of any race). New Mexico and Texas have higher percentages of Hispanics, but California has the highest total number of Hispanics of any U.S. state. As of July 1, 2013, it is estimated that California's Hispanic population has equaled the population of non-Hispanic whites. Hispanics, mainly Mexican Americans, form major portions of the population of Southern California, especially in Los Angeles, as well as the San Joaquin Valley. The city of Los Angeles"
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"also several Community health centers in Oakland. Some examples include Lifelong Medical Care, Asian Health Services, and Roots Community Health Center. Oakland has 12 sister cities: Oakland has 18 friendship cities.: Oakland, California Oakland is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States. A major West Coast port city, Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the third largest city overall in the San Francisco Bay Area, the eighth most populated city in California, and the 45th largest city in the United States. With a population"
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"the neighboring country, largely by population uniqueness of Los Angeles, which places it as the second-biggest city with Mexicans in the world. Given its capacity and importance of the area in which it is located, it has been striking for different club and international matches, both friendly and official. While it is emphasizing the fact it had not been considered as the venue for the 1994 World Cup, awarded to its neighbor the Rose Bowl Stadium. Although the stadium has never hosted the MLS Cup (final title game of Major League Soccer) or the end of the Lamar Hunt U.S."
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"Chula Vista, California Chula Vista (; ) is the second largest city in the San Diego metropolitan area, the seventh largest city in Southern California, the fourteenth largest city in the state of California, and the 74th-largest city in the United States. The population was 243,916 as of the 2010 census. Located just from downtown San Diego and from the Mexican border in the South Bay region of the metropolitan area, the city is at the center of one of the richest economic and culturally diverse zones in the United States. Chula Vista is so named because of its scenic"
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"the fifth-busiest port in the world and the most significant port in the Western Hemisphere and is vital to trade within the Pacific Rim. The Los Angeles–Long Beach metropolitan area has a gross metropolitan product of $866 billion (), making it the third-largest economic metropolitan area in the world, after Tokyo and New York. Los Angeles has been classified an ""Alpha world city"" according to a 2012 study by a group at Loughborough University. The largest employers in the city were, in descending order, the City of Los Angeles, the County of Los Angeles, and University of California, Los Angeles."
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Santa's Little Helper is the family dog on what TV series?
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"the show, but voice artist Frank Welker has also voiced him. Santa's Little Helper has become a popular character following his appearances on ""The Simpsons"". He ranked 27th in Animal Planet's 2003 television special ""50 Greatest TV Animals"" that was based on popularity, name recognition, and the longevity of the shows. He has also been featured in merchandise relating to ""The Simpsons"", such as video games, board games, and comics. Santa's Little Helper is a greyhound that appears on the animated television series ""The Simpsons"" and is the pet dog of the Simpson family. He can often be seen on"
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"and is the center of the plots of several episodes. During the course of the show, he has fathered litters of puppies, passed obedience school, had surgery for bloat, replaced Duffman as the mascot for Duff Beer, and been trained as a police dog at Springfield's Animal Police Academy. Some of the episodes that focus on Santa's Little Helper have been inspired by popular culture or real experiences that staff members of the show have gone through. Although cartoon animals are often anthropomorphized, Santa's Little Helper generally exhibits canine behavior. Cast member Dan Castellaneta currently provides the dog's sounds on"
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"prompted satires of contemporary dog culture, from Barbara Woodhouse's authoritarian training methods [in ""Bart's Dog Gets an F""] to Lassie's flawless service to the status quo [in ""The Canine Mutiny""]."" Although cast member Dan Castellaneta occasionally voiced Santa's Little Helper for bit parts, American voice artist Frank Welker most often provided the sounds of the dog and other animals on the show from ""Bart's Dog Gets an F"", which aired on March 7, 1991, to ""Home Sweet Homediddly-Dum-Doodily"", which aired on October 1, 1995. He said on his official website in 2007 that he liked portraying Santa's Little Helper because"
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"reason he stopped performing as Santa's Little Helper was because ""The producers thought... 'Hmmm, Dan barks pretty good, and we are already paying him and he seems to like doing the dog thing... why do we need to pay Welker who comes in here, spends less than an hour, eats all the doughnuts, refuses to come to rehearsals... let's just give the damn dog to Dan!'"" Santa's Little Helper has become a well-known dog because of his appearances in the series. A writer for ""The Grand Rapids Press"" wrote in 2002 that ""we all know who Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa"
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"him to never wear fur again and instead raise the puppies to be world-class racing dogs. Santa's Little Helper sires another litter of puppies with Dr. Hibbert's poodle in the episode ""Today I Am a Clown"" (season 15, 2003). These puppies are given away to townspeople. The dog has been neglected or treated unfavorably by the family in some episodes. In ""Dog of Death"" (season three, 1992), he nearly dies of bloat and they decide to make budget cuts in order to pay for the required operation. Although the dog's life is saved, the family begins to feel the strain"
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"Stop! Or My Dog Will Shoot ""Stop! Or My Dog Will Shoot"" is the twentieth episode of ""The Simpsons""<nowiki>'</nowiki> eighteenth season. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 13, 2007. When Santa's Little Helper rescues a lost Homer, he becomes a local hero and the Simpsons decide to enroll him in Police Dog Academy, where he is teamed with Lou and they become a crime-busting duo. Bart's excitement quickly vanishes after an incident with a jaded Santa's Little Helper, so to appease Bart's depression after the loss of his dog, Marge agrees to buy"
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"and Maggie are—heck, most Americans probably recognize their pets, Santa's Little Helper and Snowball II"". McHugh wrote in ""Dog"" that while Master McGrath was the most famous greyhound of the 19th century, ""the most popular greyhound a hundred years later"" is Santa's Little Helper. In the television special ""50 Greatest TV Animals"" that was hosted by Mario Lopez and aired on Animal Planet in 2003, the dog ranked 27th. Other dogs featured on the list were Lassie (first), Eddie (fifth), Snoopy (sixth), Scooby-Doo (13th), Rin Tin Tin (14th), Max (20th), Triumph, the Insult Comic Dog (24th), Buck (29th), Chipper (44th),"
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"backyard. In ""Bart's Dog Gets an F"" (season two, 1991), he manages to infuriate the entire family by destroying valued items in the home. As a result, Homer and Marge want to get rid of the dog, but Bart and Lisa convince them that he can be trained at an obedience school. Santa's Little Helper does not do well there as Bart is unwilling to use a choke chain suggested by the instructor. The night before the final exam, Bart and Santa's Little Helper play, thinking it will be their last few hours together. This bonding breaks down the communication"
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"him how to skateboard, and they become good friends. When Nelson Muntz bullies Bart, Stewie retaliates by kidnapping and torturing Nelson. Meanwhile, Lisa tries to find a talent that Meg has. When she finds that Meg is a natural at the saxophone, she downplays the talent out of jealousy. Chris and Brian take the Simpsons' dog, Santa's Little Helper, for a walk. Brian tries to teach Santa's Little Helper independence, but the latter runs off when freed. Marge notices Santa's Little Helper is missing, and Chris and Brian fake his presence until he eventually returns. Homer and Peter try different"
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"a water pump in the tongue, a built-in pedometer, reflective sidewalls and little vanity plates."" In promotion of ""The Simpsons Sing the Blues"", the music video for the album's second single, ""Deep, Deep Trouble"" premiered shortly after this episode's first broadcast. Bart's Dog Gets an ""F"" ""Bart's Dog Gets an ""F"""" is the sixteenth episode of ""The Simpsons""<nowiki>'</nowiki> second season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 7, 1991. In this episode, the Simpson family's dog, Santa's Little Helper, manages to infuriate Homer and Marge by destroying Homer's new shoes, ruining a family heirloom,"
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"the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired. Springfield is ""in the grip of lottery fever"" with a $130 million jackpot, and as a result, no one in the Simpson family notices that their pet dog, Santa's Little Helper, has become ill. Once the dog is discovered to be sick, the family rushes him to the animal hospital, where they learn that he needs an emergency operation to cure gastric dilatation volvulus which will cost $750. Homer is saddened to tell his children, Bart and Lisa, that the family cannot afford the operation. However, after seeing how"
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"interview footage of Homer disowning Santa's Little Helper. He becomes Suds' new owner and takes the family's fortunes to himself, much to the Simpsons' discomfort, and Homer is wracked with complete remorse for saying such a horrible thing on TV. Figuring that if they can get Duffman to replace Suds as the Duff mascot, they can get their dog back, the Simpsons seek Duffman, who has become an ordinary man named Barry Duffman who helps the less fortunate (by teaching math at a local halfway house). The Simpsons ask him to help the family get Santa's Little Helper back at"
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"is joyous that their dog is well again, but soon begins to feel the strain of their sacrifices. As a result, the morale of the family suffers and they take their annoyance out on Santa's Little Helper. Feeling unwanted, he runs away from home and goes off on an adventure, only to be captured, taken to the dog pound, and adopted by Mr. Burns, who trains him to be one of his vicious attack hounds. After a long brainwashing process, consisting of the Ludovico technique, Santa's Little Helper is turned into a bloodthirsty killer. The family begins to regret all"
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"for ""The Tampa Tribune"" listed Santa's Little Helper at number six, writing: ""We admire his upbeat nature even after having his legs broken by Mr. Burns and being abandoned by Bart for another dog, Laddie."" He also ranked 75th on Retrocrush author Robert Berry's list of ""The 100 Greatest Dogs of Pop Culture History"" in 2006. The character has attracted some criticism too, though. While reviewing the episode ""Bart's Dog Gets an F"" in 2010, Nathan Rabin of ""The A.V. Club"" wrote: ""As cartoon dogs go, Santa’s Little Helper is spectacularly unspectacular. In a realm of aggressively anthropomorphic canines, some"
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"the last few drops. ""Springfield Shopper"" reporter Dave Shutton takes a photo of it that appears on the front page of the newspaper. This gets the attention of Duff Beer, who announce that Duffman will be replaced with Santa's Little Helper, as their new mascot, Suds McDuff. Suds McDuff boosts sales of Duff Beer, and the family's fortunes explode, causing Homer to embrace Suds for his success. However, this prompts Santa's Little Helper's original sleazy owner and racing trainer (from ""Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire"") to visit the Simpsons and prove that he owns the dog by showing the"
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"Two Dozen and One Greyhounds ""Two Dozen and One Greyhounds"" is the 20th episode of ""The Simpsons"" sixth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 9, 1995. The episode was written by Mike Scully and directed by Bob Anderson. Frank Welker guest stars as Santa's Little Helper and various other dogs. In the episode, Santa's Little Helper has puppies with a dog that he met at the greyhound racetrack. The episode is inspired by Walt Disney Pictures' 1961 animated film ""One Hundred and One Dalmatians"". The producers decided to have Mr. Burns communicate"
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"neighbor, much to his and his sons' chagrin. However, Homer advises him to keep her since he will be a better owner than Homer, who in Baz's eyes is just another dog with whom she can play. The end of this episode shows us Santa's Little Helper and Baz preparing to fight in a Far West style. The episode received a 1.4 rating and was watched by a total of 3.23 million people, making it the third most watched show on Fox that night after ""Family Guy"" and ""The Last Man on Earth"". Dennis Perkins of ""The A.V. Club"" gave"
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"to waste money on getting his son Bart's tattoo removed. He decides to keep their financial troubles a secret and gets a job as a shopping mall Santa Claus, but later discovers that the job does not pay enough. Desperate for a miracle, Homer and Bart go to the dog-racing track on Christmas Eve in hopes of earning some money but end up adopting an abandoned greyhound, Santa's Little Helper. The episode was written by Mimi Pond, and it was directed by David Silverman. ""Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire"" was nominated for two Emmy Awards in 1990, and has"
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"Bart enlists Laddie to help him bury his ill-gotten credit card. Later, repo men arrive to take back all of the things Bart has purchased. Lisa demands an explanation, and Bart is forced to admit the truth. When a repossessor asks for the $1,200 dog to be returned, Bart identifies Santa's Little Helper as the dog he purchased. The greyhound is herded into the truck and Bart sadly watches as it drives away. Noticing that Santa's Little Helper is gone, the family begins to bond with Laddie, except for Bart, who fears for Santa's Little Helper's fate. When an exhausted"
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"Santa's Little Helper, becomes very excited and runs away from home to the dog racing track, where he falls for (and mates with) a female greyhound named She's the Fastest. She is given to the Simpsons by her owner, the Rich Texan, and soon gives birth to 25 puppies. Eventually, the puppies become difficult to manage, and Homer and Marge attempt to sell them. After his offer is rejected, Mr. Burns steals the puppies. Bart and Lisa track the puppies to Mr. Burns' mansion, where they discover he plans to make a tuxedo out of them. Bart and Lisa sneak"
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"Santa's Little Helper was his dog to begin with. To solve the problem, Bart and Mitchell let Santa's Little Helper decide which owner he prefers, by having both of them call him. After briefly getting distracted by his own tail, Santa's Little Helper chooses Bart. Chief Wiggum arrives with Laddie, who immediately sniffs out a bag of marijuana in Mr. Mitchell's pocket. Bart and Santa's Little Helper head home, leaving the police to ""finish up"" with Mitchell, as more officers arrive with beer and dates. The episode uses the full opening sequence because the story came out short. Despite this,"
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"by Don Payne, based on the area where his mother lived, where one side of town would spread rumors about the other side. Larry Doyle then pitched that the two sides of Springfield would be divided because of a telephone area code. The episode features cultural references to The Who and the Norman Rockwell painting ""Freedom of Speech"", and has received positive reviews from critics. A badger takes up residence in Santa's Little Helper's doghouse. After several failed attempts to lure it out (including sending in Homer, whom the badger attacks), Homer calls animal control. When he is unable to"
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"any reference books. In addition, the doctor, who was played by Hank Azaria, and the music that plays when he desperately attempts to save the hamster, is a reference to Ben Casey. One of the places to where Santa's Little Helper voyages, Swartzwelder County, where he rescues a baby from a burning house, is a reference to the writer of this episode, John Swartzwelder. ""Dog of Death"" first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 12, 1992. The episode finished 19th in the ratings that week, and beat its main competitor, ""The Cosby Show"" (NBC), which"
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"episode heightened by both Tracey Ullman's Miss Winthropp and Frank Welker's muted dog noises."" DVD Movie Guide's Colin Jacobson said the episode ""presented an odd viewpoint, since [Santa's Little Helper] never behaved this badly in prior episodes, but consistency never exactly was the hallmark of the series."" He also commented that Tracey Ullman ""offered a great performance as obedience school owner Emily Winthrop,"" and concluded by saying that the episode overall ""provided yet another consistently fine show."" In a review of the second season, Bryce Wilson of Cinema Blend thought ""Bart's Dog Gets an ""F"""" felt ""a bit flat"", but"
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"""Herald Sun"" named this episode's chalkboard gag, ""I saw nothing unusual in the teacher's lounge"", the third-best chalkboard gag in the show's history. While reviewing the episode in 2011, Nathan Rabin of ""The A.V. Club"" noted, ""perhaps because he’s a fucking dog, Santa’s Little Helper is never developed as fully as the other characters, so the requisite episode-ending orgy of sentimentality when Santa's Little Helper is joyously reunited with Bart feels a little cheap and unearned."" Dog of Death ""Dog of Death"" is the 19th episode of ""The Simpsons""<nowiki>'</nowiki> third season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the"
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"Santa's Little Helper (film) Santa's Little Helper is an American comedy film starring The Miz, Paige, AnnaLynne McCord and Maryse Ouellet. The film was directed by Gil Junger. The film was released direct-to-DVD and digital on November 17, 2015. Dax (The Miz) is a greedy, materialistic corporate hatchet-man, who we first see while closing down a community youth center just days before Christmas. Dax is subsequently fired in a corporate powerplay and, as he has been living beyond his means, loses his girlfriend, car and will soon be evicted from his house. Meanwhile at the North Pole, Santa Claus (Eric"
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"to find Paws as a stuffed animal. Gus drives the reindeer sled to the toy store, so that they could rush back to the North Pole to save him with the magic icicle. With Christmas around the corner, the icicle doesn't have enough power to spare. Santa mourns over the loss of his best friend, which caused the magic to flow and turn Paws back into a full-grown dog named Santa Paws (Mitchel Musso) and Christmas is back on. Since Ms. Stout left the children alone and Will and Quinn are missing, Eli had informed Mrs. Gibson from Child Services,"
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"on Santa's Little Helper is based on the main character in the ""Ben Casey"" television series. ""Dog of Death"" also parodies lottery advertisements. In one commercial featured in the episode, an announcement states: ""The state lottery, where everybody wins,"" while a tiny disclaimer at the bottom of the screen can be seen saying: ""Actual odds of winning, one in 380,000,000."" During the peak of the lottery fever in Springfield, news anchor Kent Brockman announces on television that people hoping to get tips on how to win the jackpot have borrowed every available copy of Shirley Jackson's book ""The Lottery"" at"
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"realistic dilemma faced by many families who own dogs. Other episode ideas come from popular culture. For example, Santa's Little Helper fathering 25 puppies in ""Two Dozen and One Greyhounds"" is a parody of the Disney film ""One Hundred and One Dalmatians"", and Mr. Burns' technique of brainwashing him into an attack dog in ""Dog of Death"" parodies ""A Clockwork Orange"". Susan McHugh, who teaches theories of animals, literature, and culture at the University of New England, wrote in her 2004 book ""Dog"" that, ""remaining loyal to his unlikely saviours, the boy Bart and his father Homer, this greyhound has"
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"with the December 26 show. NBC began broadcasting the show nationally on July 2, 1951. The dog originally was named ""Little Nipper"" and resembled the mascot of the show's sponsor, RCA Victor which used a Dalmatian referred to as Little Nipper, but it was rechristened when RCA Victor dropped its sponsorship. Other major sponsors included Coca-Cola and the Walter H. Johnson Candy Company, makers of Powerhouse candy bars. The show aired on NBC until November 1952, and was seen on ABC beginning in December. The last telecast was seen on May 7, 1954. In January 1995, Ira Gallen resurrected the"
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"Verdict gave the episode a grade of B−. DVD Movie Guide's Colin Jacobson appreciated the spoofs of Disney films, and also complimented ""the most bizarre references to Rory Calhoun imaginable"", concluding that the combination of these elements formed a ""fine show"". Two Dozen and One Greyhounds ""Two Dozen and One Greyhounds"" is the 20th episode of ""The Simpsons"" sixth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 9, 1995. The episode was written by Mike Scully and directed by Bob Anderson. Frank Welker guest stars as Santa's Little Helper and various other dogs. In"
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"Bart stumbles upon the trained Santa's Little Helper and is attacked, but the dog eventually recognizes his old friend and stops. The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Jim Reardon. The writers enjoyed the previous episodes centered on Santa's Little Helper and decided to create another one, which resulted in ""Dog of Death"". The episode features numerous references to popular culture, including the films ""The Incredible Journey"" and ""A Clockwork Orange"", and the short story ""The Lottery"". Since airing, the episode has received positive reviews from television critics. It acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.2 and was"
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"that Bart anticipates the most is a finely-bred, pre-trained collie. Not letting its US$1,200 purchase price stand in the way, Bart promptly orders one. Upon its arrival Bart learns the dog's name is Laddie, and that he has been trained to perform a wide variety of tasks. The rest of the family fall in love with the new dog, while Santa's Little Helper goes unnoticed. Bart fails to pay off ""Santos L. Halper's"" credit card bill, and it is not long before he gets a call from a debt collection agency demanding payment. When the calls and collection letters persist,"
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The boll weevil, a species of beetle, causes damage to which crop?
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"Boll Weevil (song) ""Boll Weevil"" is a traditional blues song, also known by similar titles such as ""Boweavil"" or ""Boll Weevil Blues"". Although many songs about the boll weevil were recorded by blues musicians during the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s, this one has become well known, thanks to Lead Belly's rendition of it as recorded by folklorist Alan Lomax in 1934. A 1961 adaptation by Brook Benton became a pop hit, reaching number two on the ""Billboard"" Hot 100. The lyrics deal with the boll weevil ""(Anthonomus grandis)"", a beetle, which feeds on cotton buds and flowers, that migrated into"
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"population had exploded, going from approximately 500 in 1880 to 2,500 by 1920. Edgefield, it seemed, was finally getting back on its economic feet. Unfortunately, beginning in 1921 and 1922, the boll weevil, which had come from Central America and had been marching across the South since the turn of the century, finally arrived in Edgefield County, devastating the cotton crop on which the economy was almost entirely based. Farmers saw their production of cotton plummet by as much as 90 percent. Lands which had been devoted to cotton for more than a century were allowed to go idle. Sharecroppers,"
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"cotton production has been the boll weevil. Due to the US Department of Agriculture's highly successful Boll Weevil Eradication Program (BWEP), this pest has been eliminated from cotton in most of the United States. This program, along with the introduction of genetically engineered Bt cotton (which contains a bacterial gene that codes for a plant-produced protein that is toxic to a number of pests such as cotton bollworm and pink bollworm), has allowed a reduction in the use of synthetic insecticides. Other significant global pests of cotton include the pink bollworm, ""Pectinophora gossypiella""; the chili thrips, ""Scirtothrips dorsalis""; the cotton"
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"cotton bolls or maize ears. The cotton bollworm is a highly polyphagous species. The most important crop hosts are tomato, cotton, pigeon pea, chickpea, rice, sorghum, and cowpea. Other hosts include groundnut, okra, peas, field beans, soybeans, lucerne, ""Phaseolus"" spp., other Leguminosae, tobacco, potatoes, maize, flax, ""Dianthus"", ""Rosa"", ""Pelargonium"", ""Chrysanthemum"", ""Lavandula angustifolia"", a number of fruit trees, forest trees, and a range of vegetable crops. In Russia and adjacent countries, the larvae populate more than 120 plant species, favouring ""Solanum"", ""Datura"", ""Hyoscyamus"", ""Atriplex"", and ""Amaranthus"" genera. The greatest damage is caused to cotton, tomatoes, maize, chick peas, alfalfa, and tobacco."
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"Maize weevil The maize weevil (""Sitophilus zeamais""), known in the United States as the greater rice weevil, is a species of beetle in the family Curculionidae. It can be found in numerous tropical areas around the world, and in the United States, and is a major pest of maize. This species attacks both standing crops and stored cereal products, including wheat, rice, sorghum, oats, barley, rye, buckwheat, peas, and cottonseed. The maize weevil also infests other types of stored, processed cereal products such as pasta, cassava, and various coarse, milled grains. It has even been known to attack fruit while"
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"adults. The species is known for causing damage to crops. The damaged plants include sorghum, soybeans, sweet corn, small grains, and some vegetables. They feed on both sides of a leaf (upper and lower parts), including epidermis and the veins. They also transmit Stewart's wilt; by removing the leaf tissue from the plant, they open a wound which allows the disease to begin spreading from plant to plant. The disease organism is ""Pantoea stewartii"". Chaetocnema pulicaria Chaetocnema hortensis, also known as the corn flea beetle and clover flea beetle, is a species of flea beetle from Chrysomelidae family, found in"
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"nightshade, bell pepper, mulberry, pea, beet, okra, onion, and lettuce. The beetle causes the most serious damage to plants when the adult defoliates them and the larva attacks the roots, especially in seedlings. The larva is very damaging to the root tuber of the sweet potato. It riddles the tuber with holes which expand as the root grows, turning into craters. Such root damage reduces plant growth and fruit production, and it makes the crop less marketable. Another consequence of beetle damage to plants is viral and bacterial infection. Even if the actual damage is minor, the injury can facilitate"
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"own experience, Knapp was convinced that demonstrations carried out by farmers themselves were the most effective way to disseminate good farming methods. His efforts were aided by the onslaught of the boll weevil, a voracious cotton pest whose presence was felt not only in Louisiana but also throughout much of the South. Damage associated with this pest instilled fear among many merchants and growers that the cotton economy would disintegrate around them. In the view of many, a farm demonstration at the Walter G. Porter farm, now a National Historic Landmark in Terrell, Texas, set up by the Department of"
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"Wheat weevil The wheat weevil (""Sitophilus granarius""), also known as the grain weevil or granary weevil, occurs all over the world and is a common pest in many places. It can cause significant damage to harvested stored grains and may drastically decrease crop yields. The females lay many eggs and the larvae eat the inside of the grain kernels. Adult wheat weevils are about long with elongated snouts and chewing mouth parts. Depending on the grain kernels, the size of the weevil varies. In small grains, such as millet or grain sorghum, they are small in size, but are larger"
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"in the South. Based on his own experience, Knapp was convinced that demonstrations carried out by farmers themselves were the most effective way to disseminate good farming methods. His efforts were aided by the onslaught of the boll weevil, a voracious cotton pest whose presence was felt not only in Louisiana but also throughout much of the South. Damage associated with this pest instilled fear among many merchants and growers that the cotton economy was disintegrating around them. In the view of many, a farm demonstration at the Walter G. Porter farm, now a National Historic Landmark in Terrell, Texas,"
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"growers in California. California produces approximately 90% of the United States’ winter vegetable crop, and has incurred an estimated $500 million in crop damage due to silverleaf whitefly populations. Across the agricultural industry, this pest is thought to cost the state $774 million in private sector plant sales, 12,540 jobs, and $112.5 million in personal income. On a national scale, the United States has suffered crop and ornamental plant damages in excess of $1 billion. This species of whitefly is a particularly devastating pest because it feeds on over 500 plant species. Common hosts are agricultural crops including tomatoes, squash,"
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"per million of deoxynivalenol present. Gibberella zeae Gibberella zeae, also known by the name of its anamorph Fusarium graminearum, is a plant pathogen which causes fusarium head blight, a devastating disease on wheat and barley. The pathogen is responsible for billions of dollars in economic losses worldwide each year. Infection causes shifts in the amino acid composition of wheat, resulting in shriveled kernels and contaminating the remaining grain with mycotoxins, mainly deoxynivalenol, which inhibits protein biosynthesis; and zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin. These toxins cause vomiting, liver damage, and reproductive defects in livestock, and are harmful to humans through contaminated food."
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"in the 1930s, the ravages of the boll weevil and federal crop restrictions and conservation programs encouraged many farmers to turn from cotton farming to growing other crops, such as soybeans; to sowing grasses for livestock; and to planting trees for timber. Agricultural productivity increased, and the soils were improved by crop rotation, strip planting, terracing, contour plowing, and the use of improved fertilizers, insecticides, and seeds. After 1945, farm mechanization advanced rapidly, especially in the Cotton Belt, and small farms were consolidated, as small farmers who could not afford the new machinery and sharecroppers left the land. Planters rapidly"
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"present major problems in crop protection. Worldwide economic losses are estimated at hundreds of millions of dollars annually. Prominent pest species include: Although several species of whitefly may cause some crop losses simply by sucking sap when they are very numerous, the major harm they do is indirect. Firstly, like many other sap-sucking Hemiptera, they secrete large amounts of honeydew that support unsightly or harmful infestations of sooty mold. Secondly,they inject saliva that may harm the plant more than either the mechanical damage of feeding or the growth of the fungi. However, by far their major importance as crop pests"
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"Gibberella zeae Gibberella zeae, also known by the name of its anamorph Fusarium graminearum, is a plant pathogen which causes fusarium head blight, a devastating disease on wheat and barley. The pathogen is responsible for billions of dollars in economic losses worldwide each year. Infection causes shifts in the amino acid composition of wheat, resulting in shriveled kernels and contaminating the remaining grain with mycotoxins, mainly deoxynivalenol, which inhibits protein biosynthesis; and zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin. These toxins cause vomiting, liver damage, and reproductive defects in livestock, and are harmful to humans through contaminated food. Despite great efforts to find"
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"the potential to become agricultural pests. He made notes on 400 insect species in New Mexico and authored 90 publications. In 1892 Townsend traded positions with a friend and fellow entomologist, T.D.A. Cockerell, and became curator of the Public Museum in Kingston, Jamaica. Townsend focused on educating the local farmers about insect pests and how to control them. In 1894 he was rehired by the USDA to study the appearance of a new pest, the cotton boll weevil in Texas and northern Mexico. He quickly determined the seriousness of the threat and made recommendations for controlling the outbreak. In 1896"
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"history. The Library of Congress American Memory Project contains a number of oral history materials on the boll weevil's impact. A 2009 study found ""that as the weevil traversed the American South [in the period 1892-1932], it seriously disrupted local economies, significantly reduced the value of land (at this time still the most important asset in the American South), and triggered substantial intraregional population movements."" The boll weevil infestation has been credited with bringing about economic diversification in the Southern US, including the expansion of peanut cropping. The citizens of Enterprise, Alabama, erected the Boll Weevil Monument in 1919, perceiving"
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"deer and the blister beetle ""Epicauta fabricius"". Plants have also been noted to lose approximately 17% of their fruits to lepidopteran larvae. The most common herbivorous insect on this species is the gall wasp ""Antistrophus silphii"". The wasp injects its eggs into the apical meristem of the plant, and as its larvae develop, a spherical gall up to wide forms in the meristem. This stops the shoot from growing. Up to 30 larvae overwinter in each gall, pupate, and emerge as adult wasps the following season. The plant had uses among Native American peoples. The Meskwaki, for example, used the"
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"suddenly in dire straights as the cost of production had not decreased along with the prices they received for their produce. The boll weevil pest was responsible for a great deal of the misery suffered by South Carolina cotton farmers after 1920. In 1922, South Carolina cotton farmers produced 22% fewer bales than they had in 1920. The South Carolina Office of Tourism encourages travelers to visit one monument in Blackstock. This monument, dedicated to the slave Burrel Hemphill, can be found on the front grounds of Hopewell ARP Church. The monument consists of a small stone building with a"
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"the southern California deserts. The female moth lays eggs in a cotton boll, and when the larvae emerge from the eggs, they inflict damage through feeding. They chew through the cotton lint to feed on the seeds. Since cotton is used for both fiber and seed oil, the damage is twofold. Their disruption of the protective tissue around the boll is a portal of entry for other insects and fungi. In parts of India, the pink bollworm is now resistant to first generation transgenic Bt cotton (Bollgard cotton) that expresses a single Bt gene (Cry1Ac). Monsanto has admitted that this"
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"in the far east of Russia and has been expanding its range in the second half of the 20th century and is now found over most of Russia, north-east China, northern Korea and Japan. This species causes damage to agricultural crops in the three families Solanaceae (potato, tomato, aubergine and pepper), Cucurbitaceae (cucumber, melon, water-melon and pumpkin) and Fabaceae (soya and haricot beans). However the optimal host plant for the reproduction of over-wintered beetles and the development of their larvae is the potato. The loss in yield of potato tubers may reach 25% in heavy infestations. Control is by the"
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"weevil (""Conotrachelus retentus"") grows to long as an adult. The adult sucks plant juices through a snout. The eggs are laid in fruits in the spring and summer. Many nuts are lost due to damage from the larvae, which burrow through the nut shell. Black walnut is affected by European canker (""Neonectria galligena""). The infection spreads slowly but infected trees eventually die. The walnut caterpillar (Datana integerrima) and fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) are two of the most serious pests, they commonly eat the foliage in midsummer and continue into autumn. Codling moth (""Cydia pomonella"") larvae eat walnut kernels, as well"
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"Rice weevil The rice weevil (""Sitophilus oryzae"") is a stored product pest which attacks several crops, including wheat, rice, and maize. The adults are around 2 mm long with a long snout. The body color appears to be brown/black, but on close examination, four orange/red spots are arranged in a cross on the wing covers. It is easily confused with the similar looking maize weevil, but there are several distinguishing features: Adult rice weevils are able to fly, and can live for up to two years. Females lay 2-6 eggs per day and up to 300 over their lifetime. The"
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"season, many species of birds, including the long-tailed widowbird, and rodents feed upon wheat crops. These animals can cause significant damage to a crop by digging up and eating newly planted seeds or young plants. They can also damage the crop late in the season by eating the grain from the mature spike. Recent post-harvest losses in cereals amount to billions of dollars per year in the United States alone, and damage to wheat by various borers, beetles and weevils is no exception. Rodents can also cause major losses during storage, and in major grain growing regions, field mice numbers"
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"profits, and cotton towns, “more benign than the British” came to be established in the country. Following the end of slavery in the southern states the boll weevil, a pest from Mexico, began to spread across the United States, affecting yields drastically as it moved east. The fashion cloth of the blue jeans furthered boom of cotton for three decades. Adoption of chemical pesticides to reduce diseases and thus increase yield of the crop further boosted production. Further innovations in the form of genetic engineering and of nanotechnology are an encouraging development for the growth of cotton. The average production"
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"fruit and nut orchards and some kinds of vegetable crops but also to houses and communications equipment. The little corella is a declared pest of agriculture in Western Australia, where it is an aviculturally introduced species. The birds damage sorghum, maize, sunflower, chickpeas and other crops. They also defoliate amenity trees in parks and gardens, dig for edible roots and corms on sports grounds and race tracks, as well as chew wiring and household fittings. In South Australia, where flocks can number several thousand birds and the species is listed as unprotected, they are accused of defoliating red gums and"
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"Bruchus rufimanus Bruchus rufimanus, commonly known as the broad bean weevil, broad bean beetle, or broad bean seed beetle is a leaf beetle which inhabits crops and fields, as well as some homes. It is a pest of faba beans (""Vicia faba"" L.). The adult beetles feed on pollen, while their larvae tunnel in seeds destroying crops and moving on to new ones once they dry out. The adult beetle, being one of the biggest of its genus, ranges from 3 to 5 mm in length. The broad bean beetle, ""B. rufimanus"" is univoltine. It reproduces in spring in faba"
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"as ""Solanum carolinense"". Few enemies of this weevil have been identified, but it is sometimes parasitised by the braconid wasp, ""Nealiolus curculionis"" and less frequently by the chalcid wasp, ""Eurytoma tylodermatis"". The adults feed on leaves producing ragged holes, but it is the larvae that cause most damage to the potato crop with their tunnelling activities. At one time this weevil was considered a serious pest of potatoes, however modern management practices have reduced its impact. The burning or removal of crop residues destroys the overwintering adults. Trichobaris trinotata Trichobaris trinotata, commonly known as the ""potato stalk borer"", is a"
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"display at Enterprise's Depot Museum, a few hundred feet away at 106 Railroad Street. There is a security camera nearby that monitors the monument for further vandalism. Boll Weevil Monument The Boll Weevil Monument in downtown Enterprise, Alabama, United States is a prominent landmark and tribute erected by the citizens of Enterprise in 1919 to show their appreciation to an insect, the boll weevil, for its profound influence on the area's agriculture and economy. Hailing the beetle as a ""herald of prosperity,"" it stands as the world's first monument built to honor an agricultural pest. The Monument consists of a"
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"in 1916 with whom he had two daughters. By 1920, they had moved to Monroe in northeastern Louisiana. Woolman was 76 years old when he died in 1966 in Houston, Texas. Shortly after graduating from college, Woolman became an Agricultural Extension Agent at Louisiana State University. At the time, the Southern United States was battling a cotton-destroying pest, the boll weevil. Woolman assisted Dr. B. R. Coad, a United States Department of Agriculture entomologist, in his fight against the boll weevil. Coad was using calcium arsenate to rid the cotton plants of boll weevils, but the application of the dry"
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"variety of plant taxa. It has been found on most every kind of plant except conifers. It is problematic in many kinds of plant crops, including fruits, vegetables, herbs, medicinal plants, fiber plants, oil plants, and ornamental plants. Crops affected include sisal hemp, tea, cotton, mastic, oil palms, neem, and many foods and flowers. The insect damages the plant by sucking sap, weakening it. The physical damage includes discoloration and deformation of leaves. Flowers and fruits fail to develop. When the insects feed on the fruits they are discolored and warped, reducing their value on the market. Infestations can kill"
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"are typical. Some species also cause damping off, killing seeds or seedlings during or before germination. ""Botryotinia fuckeliana"" (or its anamorph ""Botrytis cinerea"") is an important species for wine industry as well as horticulture. Other economically important species include ""Botryotinia convoluta"" (the type species of the genus), ""Botryotinia polyblastis"", ""Botrytis allii"" and ""Botrytis fabae"". ""Botrytis tulipae"" is a serious pest of tulip crops and ""Botrytis narcissicola"" the bulbs of ""Narcissus"". For a complete list of species, see Beever and Weeds, Table 1. Selected species (anamorph, teleomorph) include; Botryotinia Botryotinia is a genus of ascomycete fungi causing several plant diseases. The"
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"an important plant pathogen because it causes a common and widespread rice disease that causes high level of crop yield losses. It was a major cause of the Bengal famine of 1943, where the crop yield was dropped by 40% to 90% and death of 2 million people was recorded. It is a possible agroterrorism weapon. It was used as biological anti-crop weapon that aimed to attack staple crops of specific places. United States treated this pathogen as a biological weapon when attacking Japan during the Second World War; ""Cochliobolus miyabeanus"" was used as the biological anti-crop agent that attacked"
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A staunch conservationist, which US President is credited with creating the National Forest Service, 5 national parks, 18 national monuments, 51 Bird Reserves, four Game Preserves, and 150 National Forests?
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"in 1910, and was renamed to honor President Theodore Roosevelt in 1932. The forest has a total area of 813,799 acres (1,271.56 sq mi, or 3,293.33 km²). Several volunteer groups work with the US Forest Service to help manage the Roosevelt National Forest, including the Poudre Wilderness Volunteers. There are six officially designated wilderness areas lying within Roosevelt National Forest that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. Four of them extend into neighboring National Forests, and one of these also onto National Park Service land (as indicated). https://www.fs.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsinternet/cs/main/!ut/p/z0/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfIjo8zijQwgwNHCwN_DI8zPwBcqYKBfkO2oCADIwpjI/?pname=Arapaho%2F&ss=110210&pnavid=null&navid=091000000000000&ttype=main& Roosevelt National Forest The Roosevelt National Forest is a National"
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"Forest Service, signed into law the creation of five National Parks, and signed the 1906 Antiquities Act, under which he proclaimed 18 new U.S. National Monuments. He also established the first 51 bird reserves, four game preserves, and 150 National Forests. The area of the United States that he placed under public protection totals approximately . Roosevelt extensively used executive orders on a number of occasions to protect forest and wildlife lands during his tenure as President. By the end of his second term in office, Roosevelt used executive orders to establish 150 million acres of reserved forestry land. Roosevelt"
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"President Theodore Roosevelt (1901–1909), and influenced by the ideas of 'philosopher-scientists' such as George Perkins Marsh, John Wesley Powell, John Muir, Lester Frank Ward and W. J. McGee, the largest government-funded conservation-related projects in U.S. history were undertaken: On March 14, 1903, President Roosevelt created the first National Bird Preserve, (the beginning of the Wildlife Refuge system), on Pelican Island, Florida. In all, by 1909, the Roosevelt administration had created an unprecedented 42 million acres (170,000 km²) of United States National Forests, 53 National Wildlife Refuges and 18 areas of ""special interest"", such as the Grand Canyon. In addition, Roosevelt"
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"National Forest. Signed by President George H.W. Bush, the law designated 316,050 acres of new wilderness, expanded existing wilderness by 84,400 acres, and designated 84 miles of new Wild and Scenic Rivers. Most of the areas protected by the law provide habitat for the California condor, a species that was extant only in captivity as of 1987 when all 27 condors left in the world were being kept in California breeding facilities and for which the legislation was named. Six months before the bill was signed into law in 1992, two of the captive California condors were reintroduced into the"
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"construction of dams to irrigate small farms and placed 230 million acres (360,000 mi or 930,000 km) under federal protection. Roosevelt set aside more federal land for national parks and nature preserves than all of his predecessors combined. Roosevelt established the United States Forest Service, signed into law the creation of five national parks, and signed the year 1906 Antiquities Act, under which he proclaimed 18 new national monuments. He also established the first 51 bird reserves, four game preserves, and 150 national forests, including Shoshone National Forest, the nation's first. The area of the United States that he placed"
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"signed into law the creation of five National Parks, and signed the 1906 Antiquities Act, under which he proclaimed 18 new United States National Monuments. He also established the first 51 Bird Reserves, four Game Preserves, and 150 National Forests, including Shoshone National Forest, the nation's first. Around 1909, Rungius gave up illustrating to pursue a career as a full-time easel painter. His illustrations, however, stayed in circulation long after, playing a large role in spreading information about ethical hunting. In early twentieth-century North America, there were few major zoos and photography was still in its infancy, so illustrations from"
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"allowed for him to ""declare by public proclamation historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic and scientific interest that are situated upon lands owned or controlled by the Government of the United States to be National Monuments."" Under this act he created up to 18 national monuments. During his presidency, Roosevelt established 51 Federal Bird Reservations, 4 National Game Preserves, 150 National Forests, and 5 National Parks. Overall he protected over 200 million acres of land. Ecology became a central part of the World's politics as early as 1971, UNESCO launched a research program called ""Man"
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"be made to save the wildlife, particularly the American bison. The death of the last passenger pigeon as well as the endangerment of the American bison helped to focus the minds of conservationists and popularize their concerns. In 1916 the National Park Service was founded by US President Woodrow Wilson. Pioneers of the movement called for more efficient and professional management of natural resources. They fought for reform because they believed the destruction of forests, fertile soil, minerals, wildlife and water resources would lead to the downfall of society. The group that has been the most active in recent years"
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"youthful interest in forestry on his family estate. Although FDR was never an outdoorsman or sportsman on TR's scale, his growth of the national systems were comparable. FDR created 140 national wildlife refuges (especially for birds) and established 29 national forests and 29 national parks and monuments, including Everglades National Park and Olympic National Park. His favorite agency, the CCC, expended most of its effort on environmental projects. In the dozen years after its creation, the CCC built 13,000 miles of trails, planted two billion trees, and upgraded 125,000 miles of dirt roads. Roosevelt was particularly supportive of water management"
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"and placed 230 million acres (360,000 mi² or 930,000 km²) under federal protection. Roosevelt set aside more Federal land for national parks and nature preserves than all of his predecessors combined. Roosevelt established the United States Forest Service, signed into law the creation of five National Parks, and signed the 1906 Antiquities Act, under which he proclaimed 18 new U.S. National Monuments. He also established the first 51 Bird Reserves, four Game Preserves, and 150 National Forests, including Shoshone National Forest, the nation's first. The area of the United States that he placed under public protection totals approximately . Gifford"
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"U.S. presidents, including Theodore Roosevelt and Herbert Hoover, and also was an avid conservationist. He is credited with saving many natural species from extinction, and co-founded the Save the Redwoods League with Frederick Russell Burnham, John C. Merriam, and Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1918. He is also credited with helping develop the first deer hunting laws in New York state, legislation which spread to other states as well over time. He was also the creator of wildlife management, helped to found the Bronx Zoo, build the Bronx River Parkway, save the American bison as an organizer of the American Bison"
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"added eighteen new units to the National Park System during his eight years in the White House. President George H. W. Bush added fourteen new units to the National Park System during his four years in the White House. President Bill Clinton added nineteen new units to the National Park System, and de-authorized one during his eight years in the White House. President George W. Bush approved/created seven new units of the national park service during his eight years. In that period he also approved the deauthorization of the Oklahoma City National Memorial in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. President Barack Obama"
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"History of the National Park Service Since 1872 the United States National Park System has grown from a single, public reservation called Yellowstone National Park to embrace over 450 natural, historical, recreational, and cultural areas throughout the United States, its territories, and island possessions. These areas include a diverse varieties of areas —National Parks, National Monuments, National Memorials, National Military Parks, National Historic Sites, National Parkways, National Recreation Areas, National Seashores, National Scenic Riverways, National Scenic Trails, and others. The national park idea has been credited to the artist George Catlin. In 1832 he traveled the northern Great Plains of"
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"the Forest Reserve Act, presidents Harrison, Cleveland, and McKinley had transferred approximately into the forest reserve system. However, President Theodore Roosevelt is credited with the institutionalization of the conservation movement in the United States. For President Roosevelt, the conservation movement was not about the preservation of nature simply for nature itself. After his experiences traveling as an enthusiastic, zealous hunter, Roosevelt became convinced of ""the need for measures to protect the game species from further destruction and eventual extinction"". President Roosevelt recognized the necessity of carefully managing America's natural resources. According to Roosevelt, ""We are prone to speak of the"
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"halt and reverse the trend toward species extinction, whatever the cost.""[2] The Act is administered by two federal agencies, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). During Obama’s presidency, 29 species recovered enough to be taken off the endangered species list, more than under all four presidents before him (George H. W. Bush did not delist any species). And 340 were added, far more than under his predecessor, George W. Bush. But the Endangered Species Act itself has changed during the Obama years, and critics say that despite the impressive numbers,"
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"of whom have become prominent environmentalists themselves. Laurie Wayburn co-founded and is the president of the Pacific Forest Trust, and was previously the executive director of the Point Reyes Bird Observatory, where she was instrumental in creating the 850,000-acre Central California Coast Biosphere Reserve. Another daughter, Cynthia Roush of Seattle, is vice chair of the Earth Justice Legal Defense Fund. Upon presenting the 1999 Presidential Medal of Freedom, President Clinton said, ""Edgar Wayburn has worked to preserve the most breath-taking examples of the American landscape. In fact, over the course of more than a half-century, both as President of the"
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"for Roosevelt to proclaim twenty-one new forest preserves and to enlarge eleven existing ones, of about , which he did on March 1–2, 1907. After having done so, Roosevelt then signed the Agricultural Appropriations Act, which included the now-irrelevant amendment. ""Roosevelt later gleefully recalled how opposing interests 'turned handsprings in their wrath' over the setting aside of these 'midnight reserves' --a stroke described by a Forest Service historian as 'the last flamboyant act of the conservation movement.'"" During his administration, President Roosevelt set aside 150 national forests, the first 51 federal bird reservations, five national parks, the first 18 national"
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"of the NPS is delegated by the Secretary of the Interior to the National Park Service Director, who must be confirmed by the Senate. In 2008, there were 21,989 employees of the NPS who oversaw units, of which 59 are designated national parks. National parks must be established by an act of the United States Congress. The first national park, Yellowstone, was signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant in 1872, followed by Mackinac National Park in 1875 (decommissioned in 1895), and then Sequoia and Yosemite in 1890. Criteria for the selection of National Parks include natural beauty, unique"
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"has become a pioneer and leader in the science of forest and ecosystem management. The work of the Forest Service supports and is supported by many partners. Other federal, state and local agencies are working together in the effort to face challenges, conserve and restore natural and cultural resources, and enhance the recreational values of the Lake Tahoe Basin. In 1899 President William McKinley created the Lake Tahoe Forest Reserve, becoming the core of later National Forest Lands in the Tahoe Basin. Three separate forests were developed out of the reserve, the Tahoe, Eldorado and Toiyabe National Forests. Each of"
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"placed under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior who shortly acquired some additional land. In 1906 Congress created Platt National Park which included the Sulphur Springs Reservation. Forty-four years after the establishment of Yellowstone, President Woodrow Wilson created the National Park Service on August 25, 1916. For years J. Horace McFarland, President of the American Civic Association; Secretaries of the Interior Walter Fisher and Franklin K. Lane; Presidents William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson; Frederick Law Olmsted Jr..; Representatives William Kent and John E. Raker of California; Senator Reed Smoot of Utah; Stephen T. Mather and Horace M."
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"on to set up the Sierra Club in 1892. The conservationist principles as well as the belief in an inherent right of nature were to become the bedrock of modern environmentalism. In the 20th century, environmental ideas continued to grow in popularity and recognition. Efforts were starting to be made to save some wildlife, particularly the American bison. The death of the last passenger pigeon as well as the endangerment of the American bison helped to focus the minds of conservationists and popularize their concerns. In 1916 the National Park Service was founded by US President Woodrow Wilson. The Forestry"
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"United States National Forest National Forest is a classification of protected and managed federal lands in the United States. National Forests are largely forest and woodland areas owned collectively by the American people through the federal government, and managed by the United States Forest Service, a division of the United States Department of Agriculture. The National Forest System was created by the Land Revision Act of 1891, which was signed under the presidency of Benjamin Harrison. It was the result of concerted action by Los Angeles-area businessmen and property owners who were concerned by the harm being done to the"
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"both the National Forest Management Act and the National Environmental Policy Act. United States Forest Service The United States Forest Service (USFS) is an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture that administers the nation's 154 national forests and 20 national grasslands, which encompass . Major divisions of the agency include the National Forest System, State and Private Forestry, Business Operations, and the Research and Development branch. Managing approximately 25% of federal lands, it is the only major national land agency that is outside the U.S. Department of the Interior. The concept of the National Forests was born from Theodore"
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"In 1916, more than four decades after Yellowstone's founding, President Woodrow Wilson signed a bill creating the National Park Service (NPS), giving it the power ""to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and wildlife therein, and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations."" The NPS was tasked with both preservation and tourism, two divergent goals that would prove divisive during the resurgence of the conservation movement in the 1940s and 1950s. NPS managers became interested in attracting more"
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"of Denali National Park, Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Gates Of The Arctic National Park and Preserve, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Kobuk Valley National Park, Katmai National Park and Preserve, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Kenai Fjords National Park, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Admiralty Island National Monument, Misty Fjords National Monument, Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve, Bering Land Bridge National Preserve, Noatak National Preserve, Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, and made significant changes to the notable Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. President Ronald Reagan"
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"policies eventually led to the creation of the National Park Service. While Republican President Richard Nixon was not an environmentalist, he signed legislation to create the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970 and had a comprehensive environmental program. However, this position has changed since the 1980s and the administration of President Ronald Reagan, who labeled environmental regulations a burden on the economy. Since then, Republicans have increasingly taken positions against environmental regulation. Since the 1990s, a significant part of the American conservative movement has worked to challenge climate science and climate policy. While the scientific consensus for human activity created climate-warming"
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"Baldwin on the ballot as its presidential candidate. The Indy Greens call for balancing the federal budget and paying off the federal debt. The Republican Party had long supported the protection of the environment at the first half of 20th Century. Republican President Theodore Roosevelt was a prominent conservationist whose policies eventually led to the creation of the modern National Park Service. Republican President Richard Nixon was responsible for establishing the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970. More recently, California Republican Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, with the support of 16 other states, sued the federal government and the United States Environmental Protection"
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"with those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain."" - Howard Zahniser When Congress passed and President Lyndon Johnson signed the Wilderness Act on September 3, 1964, it created the National Wilderness Preservation System. The initial statutory wilderness areas, designated in the Act, comprised 9.1 million acres (37,000 km²) of national forest wilderness areas in the United States of America previously protected by administrative orders. The current amount of"
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"United States Forest Service The United States Forest Service (USFS) is an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture that administers the nation's 154 national forests and 20 national grasslands, which encompass . Major divisions of the agency include the National Forest System, State and Private Forestry, Business Operations, and the Research and Development branch. Managing approximately 25% of federal lands, it is the only major national land agency that is outside the U.S. Department of the Interior. The concept of the National Forests was born from Theodore Roosevelt’s conservation group, Boone and Crockett Club, due to concerns regarding Yellowstone"
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"President Jimmy Carter signed into law the creation of the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area, comprising 15 park units, ranging over 5,000 acres, and included 48 miles of the Chattahoochee River, in the Atlanta metropolitan area. In 1977, President Jimmy Carter created a dozen national monuments, in Alaska. The controversy that ensued lead to the passage of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA). Through this act, Congress affirmed the Executive Order, adding to it. The act set aside to the National Park System and to the National Wildlife Refuge System. The act provided for the creation or expansion"
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"eventually led to the creation of the modern National Park Service. Republican President Richard Nixon was responsible for establishing the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970. In 2006, Arnold Schwarzenegger, then the Republican Governor of California, signed into law a set of carbon emission regulations that were the country's first cap on greenhouse gases, and included vehicle emissions standards higher than those of the Federal Government. These regulations were opposed by the Bush administration. President George W. Bush publicly opposed ratification of the Kyoto Protocols on the grounds that they unfairly targeted Western industrialized nations such as the United States while"
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"and mountains in the northeastern United States. The Scottish-born, American naturalist John Muir (1838 –1914), was another important early advocate of the preservation of wilderness in the United States. He petitioned the U.S. Congress for the National Park bill that was passed in 1890, establishing Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks. The Sierra Club, which he founded, is now one of the most important conservation organizations in the United States. The spiritual quality and enthusiasm toward nature expressed in his writings inspired others, including presidents and congressmen, to take action to help preserve large areas of undeveloped countryside. He is today"
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"the next two decades, forestry professions became widespread. Following World War I, forestry became a cooperation between private landowners, the states, and the federal government. On March 21, 1933, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt sent a message to the United States Congress to strengthen the United States forest resources. In the following days, congress enacted the establishment of emergency conservation work. This project consisted of twenty five thousand men working on forest protection by planting trees, watershed restoration and erosion control. About 2.2 billion seedlings were planted which marked a start of conservation in the United States. In 1935, the"
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What had Grandma been drinking too much of in the song 'Grandma got run over by a reindeer'?
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"Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer ""Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer"" is a novelty Christmas song. Written by Randy Brooks, the song was originally performed by the husband-and-wife duo of Elmo and Patsy Trigg Shropshire in 1979. In the lyrics, a grandmother is celebrating at a Christmas Eve party with her family when, while off her medication and drunk on spiked eggnog, she staggers outside into a snowstorm against the pleas of everyone in the room. She is found the next day, trampled; Santa Claus and his reindeer are determined to be the culprit when ""incriminating Claus"
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"Allegre, Brazil. On December 24, 2016, he performed on Fox News Channel's ""FOX and Friends."" Elmo Shropshire Elmo Shropshire, DVM (born October 26, 1936) is an American veterinarian, competitive runner and country music singer. Shropshire, who typically performs under the name ""Dr. Elmo,"" is best known for his Christmas novelty song ""Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer"". He originally recorded the song in 1979 with his then-wife, Patsy, then re-recorded it solo for the 1992 album ""Dr. Elmo's Twisted Christmas"" and again in 2000 for the album ""Up Your Chimney"". He also recorded two albums of year-round songs: ""Dr."
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"Elmo Shropshire Elmo Shropshire, DVM (born October 26, 1936) is an American veterinarian, competitive runner and country music singer. Shropshire, who typically performs under the name ""Dr. Elmo,"" is best known for his Christmas novelty song ""Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer"". He originally recorded the song in 1979 with his then-wife, Patsy, then re-recorded it solo for the 1992 album ""Dr. Elmo's Twisted Christmas"" and again in 2000 for the album ""Up Your Chimney"". He also recorded two albums of year-round songs: ""Dr. Elmo's Twisted Tunes"" (1993) and ""Love, Death and Taxes"" (2000). Elmo is a native of"
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"his bluegrass group year-round. ""A lot of younger people say it's not really Christmas until they hear it."" The 2000 animated television program ""Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer"" portrays the events depicted in the song, though made for children; the cartoon is toned down a bit, so that Grandma survives. Moreover, Santa is actually innocent of the crime, which was instead masterminded by scheming relative Cousin Mel, who is mentioned briefly in the song but made into a gold-digging villainness in the special. Elmo Shropshire narrates the special and voices Grandpa. The special is a staple of Cartoon"
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"Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer (film) Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer is a Canadian–American animated Christmas special, directed by Phil Roman. The special first aired October 31, 2000 on The WB. Despite this film's Christmas theme, the date for its original airing was Halloween. It has subsequently aired on The CW (the successor to The WB), Cartoon Network, Boomerang and Freeform during Advent. Since Warner Home Video distributed this special, Warner Bros. owns the copyrights. The title and plot are based on the novelty song of the same name. The show begins by introducing Jake Spankenheimer,"
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"other acts. Z100 Portland Morning Zoo made a New Kids on the Block-bashing parody of the song for Christmas 1989, entitled ""New Kids Got Run Over by a Reindeer"". A parody ""Grandpa Got Run Over by a Beer Truck"" was released by Da Yoopers in 1993. Radio personality Bob Rivers recorded his own topical parody titled ""Osama Got Run Over by a Reindeer"" on the 2002 ""White Trash Christmas"" album. Cledus T. Judd in 1996 released a parody called ""Grandpa Got Run Over by a John Deere"" as a sequel to ""Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer"" and as"
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"Lexington, Kentucky and has a Bachelors of Science in Agriculture from the University of Florida and a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine from Auburn University in Alabama. He was racetrack veterinarian at Aqueduct and Belmont Park in New York before moving to San Francisco to open his own hospital, Arguello Pet Hospital. In San Francisco he started playing banjo in a Bluegrass band, and later became a competitive runner. In 1979, Elmo recorded ""Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer"" (written by his friend Randy Brooks), and instantly, Elmo & Patsy became regional superstars. They divorced in 1985. Since then, Elmo"
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"had gone off. The video was edited with Yankovic by Darren Bramen, with final edits and effects by John Peterson. In the late 1980s, the song was a staple on MTV during the holiday season. The song has been well received. Julio Diaz of the ""Pensacola News Journal"" wrote ""While 'Grandma Got Run Over By a Reindeer' got old decades ago, this is one musical dose of sick holiday humor that hasn't lost its novelty."" He went on to compliment the music video as well, calling it ""a lot of fun"". Joey Green, in his book ""Weird and Wonderful Christmas"","
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"Red to the club where she is performing. Red performs onstage (a rendition of the 1941 classic hit song ""Daddy"" by Bobby Troup) and the wolf goes mad with desire. He brings her to his table and tries wooing her, but she wants nothing to do with him. Red escapes the Wolf, saying she is going to her Grandma's place, but nevertheless the Wolf manages to get there first. Grandma's place is a penthouse at the top of a skyscraper. Red's grandma is an oversexed man-chaser who falls head over heels for the Wolf (upon seeing him, she whistles and"
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"for Christmas,"" a comedic, hilarious family favorite"". Allmusic critic Stewart Mason calls the album ""a rather skimpy but nonetheless useful compilation of Christmas songs"" and says it ""wisely steers mostly clear of the annoying novelty Christmas songs of the rock era."" While it does include the ""horrifyingly bad 'Grandma Got Run Over By a Reindeer',"" it also includes ""Charles Brown's 'Please Come Home for Christmas', maybe the best R&B Christmas song ever"". Rhino Records subsequently released four other albums as ""Billboard"" Christmas hits: Billboard Greatest Christmas Hits Billboard Greatest Christmas Hits is a set of two Christmas-themed compilation albums released"
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"cake instead of her own recipe, with the result that Santa hits her again as he is trying to fly back to the North Pole. Grandpa and Jake pick her up; this time Grandma did not suffer amnesia. Santa's sleigh takes off into the night with him saying the Spanish phrase for ""Merry Christmas"": ""Feliz Navidad"". Warner Home Video released ""Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer"" to VHS on October 31, 2000 and to DVD on October 16, 2001. Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer (film) Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer is a Canadian–American animated Christmas"
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"well did a cover of the song in 2002. Stan Boreson sings a Norwegian-American version, ""Lena Got Run Over by a Reindeer"" on his Christmas album, ""Stan Boreson Fractures Christmas"". 2 Live Jews released a parody titled ""Moisha Got Run Over by a Wheelchair"" on their 1998 album ""Christmas Jews"". Others include ""Grandma Got Molested at the Airport"" by Donny Aldridge, also sung by Dick Mango; and ""Grandma Got Dismembered by a Chainsaw"". Edison Media Research and Pinnacle Media Worldwide independently survey radio listeners on which Christmas songs they like and dislike. In both surveys, results of which were reported"
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"settled a class action suit against Sony based upon the royalties paid from downloads and ringtone sales. In 2000, he served as co-writer of an animated Christmas special based on the song. For this television special, he also provided the voices of Grandpa and the narrator. In 2007, Elmo was sued by the Fred Rappaport Company, the producer of the show, over the right to use the song in show-related merchandise. On December 23, 2014, Elmo performed ""Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer"" on The Meredith Vieira Show as part of a segment called ""Real or Fake"". Today, Elmo"
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"such in the lyrics, is an attractive and much younger woman in the music video and animated film). The upshot is a warning to the listener to be aware, because ""a man who drives a sleigh and plays with elves"" should never receive a driver's license. In the music video, in which Elmo plays both Grandma and Grandpa while Patsy plays Cousin Mel, Grandma survives the attack and makes a triumphant return through the chimney. According to Brooks, he played the song while sitting in with Elmo and Patsy at the Hyatt Lake Tahoe in December 1978, and after the"
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"Comedy Hour,"" ""The Mike Douglas Show,"" ""The Dating Game,"" ""The Pig And Whistle,"" and ""The Beachcombers."" In 1968, they were named ""Folk Group of the Year"" by the predecessor of the JUNO Awards, and in 1969 they received a Grammy Award nomination for ""Folk Performance of the Year."" In the early 1980s, the group adjusted its style and began aiming itself towards the country-rock field. Renamed The Rovers, the group scored a major international hit with ""Wasn't That a Party"" and also found success with the Christmas novelty recording ""Grandma Got Run Over By a Reindeer"". By the late 1980s,"
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"CMT, TNN, GAC, and VH1 Classic during the holiday season, as well as on Spike's official website and YouTube. Elmo Shropshire played Grandpa and Grandma while Patsy played Cousin Mel. While the family matriarch was run over by Santa Claus's reindeer, she has survived the accident (unlike in the actual song) and thus reappears toward the end of the video, alive and very much well, but somewhat fazed by the trampling. While being escorted inside the house by two policemen, she finally speaks the cautionary last line of the last verse as though commenting on Santa's driving: ""They should NEVER"
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"In 1984, with the song now a big hit nationally, CBS Records was interested in re-issuing both the 1982 Oink 45 re-recording, and the 1982 Oink LP. Soon after, Epic Records acquired the rights to both, from Elmo and Patsy. The Epic #04703 45 opted to replace the Oink 45's B-side, ""Christmas"", with a track from the LP, (""Percy, the Puny Poinsettia""). Epic's 1984 re-release of the 1982 Oink LP was a straight re-issue, on Epic #39931. By the end of 1984, it was reported that sales of ""Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer"" were, by record label: Oink:"
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"marks"" are found on Grandma's back. The second and third verses describe the Christmas gathering where ""all the family's dressed in black"" and the family wonders if all the Christmas gifts they bought for her should be returned (the consensus is a firm yes). Christmas dinner otherwise goes on as normal, with a centerpiece of roast goose, figgy pudding for dessert, and ""blue and silver candles"" to match Grandma's hairpiece; the newly widowed Grandpa seems completely unfazed by his wife's demise and spends the holiday ""watching football, drinking beer and playing cards with Cousin Mel"" (who, while not stated as"
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"up their children and sedate them with vodka and, later, Benadryl. Apparently, this is to keep them quiet on their trip to a family reunion taking place at a ranch belonging to the narrator's Uncle Slayton. Each verse tells a different story about a different family member, though the tune still sounds the same. The family members are... Uncle Slayton: The whole song revolves around Slayton and his lifestyle. Slayton is described as being too old to travel yet ""still pretty spry."" He owns property near Lake Eufaula (where he caught a big blue catfish on a jug line) as"
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"which Grandad has literally burnt to a cinder. Later that evening Del is snoozing on the sofa while Rodney begrudgingly watches a circus on the TV. Awaking Del with his protests of boredom, Rodney suggests that he and Del pop out to the ""Monte Carlo Club"" in New Cross for a drink. They begin to argue, with Del explaining that Grandad would be hurt if they left him all alone on Christmas Night. However, Grandad appears and announces he is off out to a Christmas party as he is sick of the brothers fighting. Now that Grandad has gone, Del"
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"included on numerous Hendrix compilations, such as ""Smash Hits"", """", """", and """". Despite its sexual overtones, the song had an innocuous origin. Noel Redding, bass player for the Experience, invited Hendrix to his mother's house on a cold New Year's Eve in Folkestone, England, after a performance. Hendrix asked Noel's mother if he could stand next to her fireplace to warm himself. She agreed, but her Great Dane was in the way, so Hendrix let out with, ""Aw, move over, Rover, and let Jimi take over"". Hendrix later joked with the lyric: ""Old Mother Hubbard went to the cupboard"
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"Network's holiday programming and airs every holiday season on The CW (The special originally aired on the WB Network every holiday season until the 2006 merger with UPN to form The CW, where it continues to air today). In the 2015 episode of the television show ""Scorpion"", titled ""Dam Breakthrough"", three of the main characters sing part of this song, while inhaling helium. The promotional music video for Elmo & Patsy's ""Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer"" was released in the mid-1980s, and aired on MTV for at least 18 years. The video could also be seen on VH1,"
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"format at 101.3 FM since 1983) ""swapped"" frequencies. KUUL's 50s and 60s format moved to 101.3 FM, while WLLR's country format took over 103.7 FM. In December 1985, WLLR briefly gained national attention when a disc jockey played the Christmas song ""Grandma Got Run Over By a Reindeer"" 27 times back-to-back during the morning show. Station management was eventually able to pull the jockey off the air and suspended him. The disc jockey was reportedly depressed and upset that a co-worker had left employment at the station for an out-of-state job. Some of WLLR's best-known personalities include: Mike Kenneally, Ron"
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"in 2007, the only song that reached the top of both liked and disliked lists was ""Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer."" Its ""loved"" ratings in the Edison and Pinnacle polls were relatively high—47 and 32 percent, respectively—but so were the ""hate"" or ""dislike"" ratings—17 and 22 percent. A major Washington, D.C. radio station, WASH (97.1 FM), dropped the song from its playlist. ""It was too polarizing,"" says Bill Hess, program director. ""It wasn't strong, except with a few people, and it had a lot of negatives."" The song also gained notoriety at Davenport, Iowa radio station WLLR in"
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"and his reindeer fly overhead, suddenly out of control, crash into her. Jake witnesses the accident, but the family refuse to believe him. The next morning, however, Grandma is missing, and the police find an imprint of her in the snow, along with her belongings. Cousin Mel also finds a letter that she quickly hides from the others. Nine months pass without Grandma and the store's business drops; during this time, Cousin Mel comes up with a new plan to sell the store to Austin, by tricking Grandpa into giving her his power of attorney. However, when Jake objects, Austin"
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"widowed father, John. Their apple farm has fallen on hard times. John is temporarily being helped by his sister-in-law, Sarah. While walking home after a school Christmas pageant, Jessica witnesses a plastic reindeer fall from a Christmas decoration being hung above the main street in town. She concludes that it was Prancer from the order given in the poem ""A Visit from St. Nicholas"" (a.k.a. ""The Night Before Christmas""). Afraid he will be unable to provide for Jessica, John discusses a plan for Sarah to take her in to raise temporarily. She overhears this, but initially does not know the"
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"Old Hippie ""Old Hippie"" is a song written by David Bellamy, and recorded by American country music duo The Bellamy Brothers. It was released in April 1985 as the first single from their album ""Howard & David"". The song reached No. 2 on the ""Billboard"" Hot Country Singles chart in July 1985 and No. 1 on the ""RPM"" Country Tracks chart in Canada. In June 2014, ""Rolling Stone"" magazine ranked ""Old Hippie"" 95th in their list of the 100 greatest country songs. The song is about the unnamed title character, an aging hippie who uses marijuana, listens to the Woodstock-influenced"
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"Virgin, singing ""Dulce reina de las cumbres"" (""Sweet Queen of the Peaks"") and miraculously the sun shines again. The couple and friends head to town, dancing (parade), except for the miners who can not leave work. It is during this scene that the tune ""El condor pasa"" is played. During the party, Mr. King has too much to drink, and cruelly abuses Higinio. When Mr. King leaves, Higinio follows him on a higher path, and pushes a boulder onto him when they reach a gorge, causing his death. A shepherd witnesses the horrible murder and tells the other miners about"
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"abandoned him. Throughout the rest of the trip, the threefind themselves in several more mishaps, but each setback only strengthens their relationship. At one point, Kevin has to get an inhaler refill from a pharmacist working as a clown at a chaotic children's New Year's Eve party, and during this, Lindsey reveals her singing talent, doing a karaoke version of Aretha Franklin's 1965 song ""Respect"". Back on the road, Kevin vomits on the car's windshield and then they pull into a conservation area to clean out the car. While Kevin and Nick feed a deer some cookies, Lindsey accidentally scares"
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"which was closer to Judd's name. One of the song's lyrics was edited in the music video. The original line, ""But the beaver was quick and grabbed him by the kiwis, and he ain't pissed for a week (and a half!)"" was replaced by ""...and he egg-pressed for a week..."". An alternative version also removes the line ""candied up his nose"" (which refers to cocaine) and the word ""smell"", replacing them with random sound effects. The song appears at the beginning of Kevin Smith's film ""Zack and Miri Make a Porno"". Similarly, Voodoo Brewery makes ""Wynona's Big Brown Ale"" in"
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"series on the Global Television Network in conjunction with Ulster Television in Ireland. Although most of their music focuses on the band's Irish roots, in the early 1980s, The Irish Rovers recorded an unknown novelty Christmas song written by Randy Brooks. Record producer Jack Richardson produced The Rovers' album, ""It Was A Night Like This."" The single release of ""Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer"" rose to the top 20 in Canada within a week of airplay. Exposure of the music on television also added to the popularity of their music. In 1980, their crossover hit recording of Tom"
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"Old Shep ""Old Shep"" is a song written and composed by Red Foley and Arthur Williams in 1933, about a dog Foley owned as a child. In reality, the dog, poisoned by a neighbor, was a German shepherd called ""Hoover."" Foley first recorded the song in 1935, and again in 1941 and 1946. The song, later recorded by many artists including Hank Snow and Elvis Presley, became a country classic. Hank Williams 1942, Elvis Presley 1956, Hank Snow 1959, Walter Brennan 1960, Dave Dudley 1965, Johnny Cash 1975, Everly Brothers & Garrison Keillor 1988, Pat Boone 1994, Burton Cummings (as"
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"disappearance, and along with Quincy, follows her to a cabin in the woods where she and I.M. Slime are keeping Grandma out of sight. They rescue Grandma, and find Santa's letter explaining what happened that Cousin Mel had found at the site of Grandma's accident—and also the vial of the ingredient Cousin Mel added to Grandma's fruit cake that Christmas Eve night, which had the effect of ""reindeer-nip"" that reindeer are strongly attracted to. They then manage to restore Grandma's memory by feeding her some of her own fruit cake, and rush to the courthouse to prove that Cousin Mel"
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Dec 13, 1953 saw the birth of Ben Bernanke, Harvard grad with a PhD from MIT. What position does he hold, and rather poorly at that?
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"Ben Bernanke Ben Shalom Bernanke ( ; born December 13, 1953) is an American economist at the Brookings Institution who served two terms as Chair of the Federal Reserve, the central bank of the United States, from 2006 to 2014. During his tenure as chair, Bernanke oversaw the Federal Reserve's response to the late-2000s financial crisis. Before becoming Federal Reserve chair, Bernanke was a tenured professor at Princeton University and chaired the department of economics there from 1996 to September 2002, when he went on public service leave. From August 5, 2002 until June 21, 2005, he was a member"
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"even if actual implementation of the plan might have to wait until the economic outlook improves. His remarks were most likely intended for the federal government's executive and legislative branches, since entitlement reform is a fiscal exercise that will be accomplished by the Congress and the President rather than a monetary task falling within the implementation powers of the Federal Reserve. Bernanke also pointed out that deficit reduction will necessarily consist of either raising taxes, cutting entitlement payments and other government spending, or some combination of both. Ben Bernanke Ben Shalom Bernanke ( ; born December 13, 1953) is an"
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"Kenneth Manning Kenneth R. Manning (born December 11, 1947) is an American academic professor and author. He is currently the Thomas Meloy Professor of Rhetoric and of the History of Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Born in Dillon, South Carolina and educated in local schools, Manning eventually moved to North Haven, Connecticut, soon afterwards. Manning entered Harvard University in 1966 and completed his Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in 1970, his Master of Arts (M.A.) in 1971, and his Ph.D. in 1974. While he was doing his graduate studies, Manning helped guide fellow Dillon native Ben Bernanke, who"
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"received a Ph.D. degree in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1979 after completing and defending his dissertation, ""Long-Term Commitments, Dynamic Optimization, and the Business Cycle"". Bernanke's thesis adviser was the future governor of the Bank of Israel, Stanley Fischer, and his readers included Irwin S. Bernstein, Rüdiger Dornbusch, Robert Solow, and Peter Diamond of MIT and Dale Jorgenson of Harvard. Bernanke met his wife, Anna, a schoolteacher, on a blind date. She was a student at Wellesley College, and he was in graduate school at MIT. The Bernankes have two children. He is an ardent fan of"
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"in his local synagogue. Although he keeps his beliefs private, his friend Mark Gertler, chairman of New York University's economics department, says they are ""embedded in who he (Bernanke) is"". The Bernanke family was concerned that Ben would ""lose his Jewish identity"" if he went to Harvard. Fellow Dillon native Kenneth Manning, who would eventually become a professor of the history of sciences at MIT, assured the family ""there are Jews in Boston"". Once Bernanke was at Harvard for his freshman year, Manning took him to Brookline for Rosh Hashanah services. Bernanke was educated at East Elementary, J.V. Martin Junior"
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"too far on mortgage credit conditions"". Since February 2014, Bernanke has been employed as a Distinguished Fellow in Residence with the Economic Studies Program at the Brookings Institution. On April 16, 2015, it was announced publicly that Bernanke will work with Citadel, the $25 billion hedge fund founded by billionaire Kenneth C. Griffin, as a senior adviser. In the same month it was revealed that Bernanke would also join Pimco as a senior advisor. In his 2015 book, ""The Courage to Act"", Bernanke revealed that he was no longer a Republican, having ""lost patience with Republicans' susceptibility to the know-nothing-ism"
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"High, and Dillon High School, where he was class valedictorian and played saxophone in the marching band. Since Dillon High School did not offer calculus at the time, Bernanke taught it to himself. Bernanke scored 1590 out of 1600 on the SAT and was a National Merit Scholar. He also was a contestant in the 1965 National Spelling Bee. Bernanke attended Harvard University in 1971, where he lived in Winthrop House, as did the future CEO of Goldman Sachs, Lloyd Blankfein, and graduated with an A.B. degree, and later with an A.M. in economics ""summa cum laude"" in 1975. He"
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"agencies of foreign governments) that prevented an economic catastrophe greater than the Great Depression. Bernanke was born in Augusta, Georgia, and was raised on East Jefferson Street in Dillon, South Carolina. His father Philip was a pharmacist and part-time theater manager. His mother Edna was an elementary school teacher. Bernanke has two younger siblings. His brother, Seth, is a lawyer in Charlotte, North Carolina. His sister, Sharon, is a longtime administrator at Berklee College of Music in Boston. The Bernankes were one of the few Jewish families in Dillon and attended Ohav Shalom, a local synagogue; Bernanke learned Hebrew as"
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"Emma and Samuel. He and his wife, Debi, are the parents of three children: Truman, Tatum and Talmage. Benson is a descendant of the famous Taft family. His middle name is Taft. Benson is a grandson of former U.S. Secretary of Agriculture and LDS Church President Ezra Taft Benson,[6] and served an LDS mission in Rome, Italy. His older brother Steve is the Pulitzer Prize winning cartoonist with the Arizona Republic. [7] Michael T. Benson Michael T. Benson (born February 28, 1965) is the current president of Eastern Kentucky University, a position he assumed on August 1, 2013. He previously"
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"of the Great Recession seem similar to the Great Depression, but significant differences exist. The previous chairman of the Federal Reserve, Ben Bernanke, had extensively studied the Great Depression as part of his doctoral work at MIT, and implemented policies to manipulate the money supply and interest rates in ways that were not done in the 1930s. Generally speaking, the recovery of the world's financial systems tended to be quicker during the Great Depression of the 1930s as opposed to the late-2000s recession. 1928 and 1929 were the times in the 20th century that the wealth gap reached such skewed"
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"in the workplace. It is the leading forum for debating solutions to critical business problems, analyzing key business and economic issues, and sharing of best-practice models, tools, and hands-on techniques from practitioners in the field of economics. Since 1982, NABE has awarded the Adam Smith Award to prominent economists and policy makers that have contributed to business economics. Just some of the recipients of the award include former Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke in 2014, CEO and President of TIAA-CREF Roger Ferguson in 2013, Vice Chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Janet Yellen in 2010,"
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"born in Den Helder on July 5, 1946, but grew up in The Hague, the seat of government of the Netherlands. He was the middle child of a family of three. He comes from a family of scholars. His grandmother was a sister of Nobel prize laureate Frits Zernike, and was married to Pieter Nicolaas van Kampen, who was a well-known professor of zoology at Leiden University. His uncle Nico van Kampen was an (emeritus) professor of theoretical physics at Utrecht University, and while his mother did not opt for a scientific career because of her gender, she did marry"
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"a child from his maternal grandfather, Harold Friedman, a professional hazzan (service leader), shochet, and Hebrew teacher. Bernanke's father and uncle owned and managed a drugstore they purchased from Bernanke's paternal grandfather, Jonas Bernanke. Jonas Bernanke was born in Boryslav, Austria-Hungary (today part of Ukraine), on January 23, 1891. He immigrated to the United States from Przemyśl, Austria-Hungary (today part of Poland) and arrived at Ellis Island, aged 30, on June 30, 1921, with his wife Pauline, aged 25. On the ship's manifest, Jonas's occupation is listed as ""clerk"" and Pauline's as ""doctor med"". The family moved to Dillon from"
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"Michael Bloomberg Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born February 14, 1942) is an American businessman, politician, author, and philanthropist. As of June 2018, his net worth was estimated at $51.8 billion, making him the 8th-richest person in the United States and the 11th richest person in the world. He has joined The Giving Pledge, whereby billionaires pledge to give away at least half of their wealth. To date, Bloomberg has given away $8.2 billion, including his November 2018 $1.8 billion gift to Johns Hopkins University — the largest private donation ever made to a higher education institution. Bloomberg is the founder, CEO,"
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"Charlie Baker Charles Duane Baker, Jr. (born November 13, 1956) is an American businessman and politician serving as the 72nd and current Governor of Massachusetts since January 8, 2015. He was a cabinet official under two Governors of Massachusetts and spent ten years as CEO of Harvard Pilgrim Health Care. Raised in Needham, Massachusetts, Baker graduated from Harvard and obtained an MBA from Northwestern University's Kellogg School of Management. In 1991, he became Massachusetts Undersecretary of Health and Human Services under Governor Bill Weld. In 1992, he was appointed Secretary of Health and Human Services of Massachusetts. He later served"
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"Scholars. Alumni in American politics and public service include former Chairman of the Federal Reserve Ben Bernanke, former MA-1 Representative John Olver, former CA-13 Representative Pete Stark, former National Economic Council chairman Lawrence H. Summers, and former Council of Economic Advisors chairman Christina Romer. MIT alumni in international politics include Foreign Affairs Minister of Iran Ali Akbar Salehi, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, President of Colombia Virgilio Barco Vargas, President of the European Central Bank Mario Draghi, former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India Raghuram Rajan, former British Foreign Minister David Miliband, former Greek Prime Minister Lucas Papademos, former"
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"Obama administration's response to the Great Recession. After his departure from the NEC in December 2010, Summers has worked in the private sector and as a columnist in major newspapers. In mid-2013, his name was widely floated as the potential successor to Ben Bernanke as the Chairman of the Federal Reserve, though Obama eventually nominated Federal Reserve Vice-Chairwoman Janet Yellen for the position. As of 2017, Summers retains his Harvard University status as former president emeritus and Charles W. Eliot University Professor. Summers was born in New Haven, Connecticut, on November 30, 1954, into a Jewish family, the son of"
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"Howard Warren Buffett Howard Warren Buffett (born October 14, 1983) is an American professor in public policy and international affairs, political advisor, and philanthropist. He serves as an adjunct faculty member at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs and was previously the executive director of the Howard G. Buffett Foundation, a private philanthropic foundation that funds initiatives aimed at improving the standard of living and quality of life for the world’s most impoverished and marginalized populations. He previously led agriculture-based economic stabilization and redevelopment programs in Iraq and Afghanistan while at the United States Department of Defense, and"
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"ahead of the Republican and Constitution Party candidates. This was the strongest performance of any third party candidate in Wisconsin since 1944. Ben Manski Ben Manski (born July 16, 1974) is an American sociologist, lawyer, and democracy advocate. He is the founder of the Liberty Tree Foundation for the Democratic Revolution, and co-founder of Move to Amend, the 180/Movement for Democracy and Education, and United for Peace and Justice. In 2011, he chaired the first biennial ""Democracy Convention."" Manski was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on July 16, 1974, to economist Charles Manski and educator Kate Manski. When he was three"
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"causes on Christmas Eve 2016, in Laguna Hills, California, at the age of 92. Edwin Reinecke Howard Edwin ""Ed"" Reinecke (January 7, 1924 – December 24, 2016) was an American politician from California. He served three terms in the United States House of Representatives. He was the 39th state lieutenant governor from 1969 until his resignation in 1974 in connection with a Federal conviction for perjury.. Reinecke was born in Medford, Oregon, and served in the Navy during World War II. He graduated from Beverly Hills High School in 1942 and then attended the California Institute of Technology, from which"
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"1903, in Chicago, Illinois. He moved to New Mexico and settled in Whittier, California, by 1912. Behnke graduated from Whittier College in 1925 and moved to San Francisco to attend medical school at Stanford University. Stanford Medical School required a one-year internship prior to conferring a medical doctorate. Behnke joined the United States Navy and completed his internship at the Mare Island Naval Hospital in 1930. In 1932, the Navy sent Behnke to the Harvard School of Public Health. Following medical school in 1930, Behnke found his lifelong interest in deep sea diving when he was assigned as an assistant"
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"the Washington Nationals baseball team, and frequently attends games at Nationals Park. When Bernanke left Stanford to accept a position at Princeton, he and his family moved to Montgomery Township, New Jersey in 1985, where Bernanke's children attended the local public schools. Bernanke served for six years as a member of the board of education of the Montgomery Township School District. In 2009 The Wall Street Journal reported that Bernanke was a victim of identity theft, a spreading crime the Federal Reserve has for years issued warnings about. Bernanke taught at the Stanford Graduate School of Business from 1979 until"
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"as the 54th Governor of New York, from January 1, 2007, until his resignation on March 17, 2008, in the midst of a prostitution scandal. Since his resignation, he has worked as a television host and an adjunct instructor; Spitzer also ran for New York City Comptroller in 2013 and made private investments in a start-up company. Spitzer was born in the Bronx, the son of Anne (née Goldhaber), an English literature professor, and Bernard Spitzer, a real estate mogul. His paternal grandparents were Galician Jews, born in Tluste, Poland, now Ukraine. His maternal grandparents, born in the 1890s, were"
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"Janet Yellen Janet Louise Yellen (born August 13, 1946) is an American economist. She served as the Chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System from 2014–2018, previously serving as Vice Chair from 2010 to 2014. Previously, she was President and Chief Executive Officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco; Chair of the White House Council of Economic Advisers under President Bill Clinton; and business professor at the University of California, Berkeley, Haas School of Business. Yellen was nominated by President Obama to succeed Ben Bernanke as Chairwoman of the United States Federal Reserve. On"
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"Publishing Company, Carnesale, Albert; Blackwill, Robert D. (1993), New Nuclear Nations: Consequences for U.S. Policy, Council on Foreign Relations Carnesale is also the author of more than 50 scholarly articles. Albert Carnesale Albert Carnesale (born July 2, 1936) is an American academic and a specialist in arms control and national security. He is a former chancellor of the University of California, Los Angeles, provost of Harvard University, and dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard. In November 1994, while serving as dean and provost, Carnesale was appointed acting president of Harvard while President Neil L. Rudenstine was on"
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"members who have won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences include: Professor Ben Bernanke was a Professor of Economics prior to serving as Chairman of the Federal Reserve. Professor Alan Blinder served on Bill Clinton's Council of Economic Advisers and previously served as Vice Chairman of the Federal Reserve. Former faculty members included John Kenneth Galbraith, a leading academic on post-Keynesian economics and Uwe Reinhardt, a scholar on health care economics and Medicare. Other notably faculty members include: Princeton University Department of Economics The Princeton University Department of Economics is an academic department of Princeton University, an Ivy League"
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"President of the United Nations General Assembly. In business, alumni include: Bernard Marcus (B.S. 1951), founder of hardware retail company Home Depot; Bill Rasmussen (MBA 1960), founder of ESPN; Duncan MacMillan (B.S. 1966), co-founder of financial data and media company Bloomberg L.P.; and Rana Kapoor (MBA 1980), founder/CEO of Yes Bank. In science and technology, alumni include: Peter C. Schultz (B.S. 1967), co-inventor of fiber optics; geneticist Stanley N. Cohen (B.Sc. 1956) who pioneered in the field of gene splicing; and Louis Gluck (B.S. 1930) the ""father of neonatology"". In higher education, Carol T. Christ serves as the current chancellor"
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"Ben Bernanke suggested that the Bank of Japan should implement quantitative easing in order to put an end to the deflation spiral. 5 years after his speech, Bernanke started quantitative easing as chair of the Federal Reserve, to fend off a Japanese-like lost decade due to a bubble in housing prices. Japanese wages began to decrease from 1997–98, and Hiroshi Yoshikawa, a professor at University of Tokyo, said that Japan's tenacious deflation was caused by this decline. He argues that the monetary easing by BoJ becomes powerless because the interest rate is already close to zero. The solution he offers"
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"Albert Carnesale Albert Carnesale (born July 2, 1936) is an American academic and a specialist in arms control and national security. He is a former chancellor of the University of California, Los Angeles, provost of Harvard University, and dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard. In November 1994, while serving as dean and provost, Carnesale was appointed acting president of Harvard while President Neil L. Rudenstine was on leave. He served in that position for three months.. He has also been active in international diplomacy on nuclear arms control and nuclear non-proliferation. From 1970-72, he was a member"
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"Benjamin M. Friedman Benjamin Morton Friedman (; born 1944) is a leading American political economist. Friedman is the William Joseph Maier Professor of Political Economy at Harvard University. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Brookings Institute's Panel on Economic Activity, and the editorial board of the ""Encyclopædia Britannica"". Friedman received his A.B., A.M., and Ph.D. degrees, all in economics, from Harvard University. He also received an M.Sc. in economics and politics from King's College, Cambridge as a Marshall Scholar. He has been on the Harvard faculty since 1972. Currently Friedman is a member of the"
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"agreed with this theory, including Ben Bernanke, Chairman of the Federal Reserve from 2006 until 2014, who, in a speech honoring Friedman and Schwartz, said: Friedman has said that ideally he would prefer to ""abolish the Federal Reserve and replace it with a computer."" He preferred a system that would increase the money supply at some fixed rate, and he thought that ""leaving monetary and banking arrangements to the market would have produced a more satisfactory outcome than was actually achieved through government involvement"". In contrast to Friedman's argument that the Fed did too little to ease after the crisis,"
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"presidential campaign. In 2012, ""Time"" magazine included Romney in their List of The 100 Most Influential People in the World. Mitt Romney Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12, 1947) is an American politician and businessman who is the United States Senator-elect from Utah. He previously served as the 70th Governor of Massachusetts from 2003 to 2007 and was the Republican Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election. Raised in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan by his parents, George and Lenore Romney, he spent two-and-a-half years in France as a Mormon missionary starting in 1966. He married Ann"
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"years. He resigned from the House of Commons in 1995 to become a European Commissioner. He went on to become the Vice-President of the European Commission under Romano Prodi from 1999-2004. Until the summer of 2009, he was also the Chairman of the British Council and the President of Cardiff University. Kinnock, an only child, was born in Tredegar, Wales. His father, Gordon Herbert Kinnock was a former coal miner who suffered from dermatitis and later worked as a labourer; and his mother Mary Kinnock (née Howells) was a district nurse. Gordon died of a heart attack in November 1971"
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On December 14, 1911, Norwegian Roald Amundsen became the first person to visit where?
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"Ikuallaq's DNA to that of other European members of Amundsen's crew. Works by Amundsen Roald Amundsen Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (; ; 16 July 1872 – c. 18 June 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. As the leader of the Antarctic expedition of 1910–12, which was the first to reach the South Pole, on 14 December 1911, he was a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. In 1926, he was the first leader for the air expedition to the North Pole, making him the first person, without dispute, to reach both poles. He is also"
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"his quest for the South Pole, Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen established a temporary base, which he named Framheim, at the Bay of Whales. The base was used between January 1911February 1912. The Bay of Whales has also served as a logistical support base for several other important Antarctic expeditions, including: The configuration of the Bay of Whales is continuously changing. A survey by the second Byrd expedition in 1934 determined that the feature lay at the junction of two separate ice systems, the movements of which are influenced by the presence of Roosevelt Island. Commander Glen Jacobsen, USN, who visited"
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"expedition: the South Pole was first reached by the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen in 1911, and in 1939 Norway had claimed a region of Antarctica under the name Queen Maud Land (). After Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union preparations were made for establishing Norwegian colonies in Northern Russia. Quisling designated the area reserved for Norwegian colonization as ""Bjarmeland"", a reference to the name featured in the Norse sagas for Northern Russia. Quisling's regime ceased to exist in 1945, with the end of World War II in Europe. Norway was still under occupation in May 1945, but Vidkun Quisling and"
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"and signed it ""Your loyal subject, Roald Amundsen."" The crew returned to Oslo in November 1906, after almost 3.5 years abroad. It took until 1972 to have the ""Gjøa"" returned to Norway. After a 45-day trip from San Francisco on a bulk carrier, the ""Gjøa"" was placed in her current location on land, outside the Fram Museum in Oslo. Amundsen next planned to take an expedition to the North Pole and explore the Arctic Basin. Finding it difficult to raise funds, when he heard in 1909 that the Americans Frederick Cook and Robert Peary had claimed to reach the North"
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"after the great achievements of Roald Amundsen in 1911–1912. Andersen was the second Norwegian to visit the Pole after the Amundsen expedition. An American expedition which reached the Pole a week before him honored his achievements by naming a mountain escarpment Andersen Escarpment after him. During the fieldworks for his Master's thesis ""Om isens tilbaketrekking i området mellom Lysefjorden og Jøsenfjorden i Ryfylke"" (On the glacial retreat in the area between the Lysefjorden and Jøsenfjorden in Ryfylke), with Werner Werenskiold as advisor, he found among other things that Trollgaren was a moraine, and that it was formed in the early"
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"Bergen on 6 August 2018, finally returning to Norway nearly a century after her departure with Amundsen. She was then towed along the Norwegian coast, and arrived at Vollen on 18 August. Maud (ship) Maud, named for Queen Maud of Norway, was a ship built for Roald Amundsen for his second expedition to the Arctic. Designed for his intended voyage through the Northeast Passage, the vessel was built in Asker, a suburb of the capital, Oslo. ""Maud"" was launched in June 1916 or 17 June 1917 at Vollen and ceremonially christened by Amundsen crushing a chunk of ice against her"
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"the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen had entered the area on his ship ""Gjøa"" in an expedition intending to travel through the Northwest Passage. By October the straits through which he was travelling began to ice up. Amundsen put ""Gjøa"" into a natural harbour on the southeast coast of King William Island. He stayed there, in what Amundsen called ""the finest little harbor in the world"", for nearly two years. He and his crew spent much of that time with the local Netsilik Inuit, learning from them the skills to live off the land and travel efficiently in the Arctic environment."
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"of mosses, and briefly explored their surroundings before returning to Framheim on 16 December. They were the first men to set foot on King Edward VII Land. After leaving the Bay of Whales on 15 February 1911, ""Fram"" sailed for Buenos Aires where she arrived on 17 April. Here, Nilsen learned that the expedition's funds were exhausted; a sum supposedly set aside for the ship's needs had not materialised. Fortunately, Amundsen's friend Don Pedro Christopherson was at hand to fulfil his earlier promises to provide supplies and fuel. ""Fram"" departed in June for an oceanographic cruise between South America and"
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"Tourist hotels, restaurants, spas and sanatoriums were built in the area, making it a destination also for the growing population of the capital Christiania, (now Oslo). Nature trails and roads led up the ""Holmenkollåsen"" (the hill at Holmenkollen). In 1910, the Royal Lodge (""Kongsseteren""), located close to the chapel, was presented to King Haakon and Queen Maud as a coronation gift from the Norwegian people. The Royal Lodge is a regular haunt of the Norwegian royal family. Whenever they are there – especially during the Christmas holidays and the traditional Holmenkollen competitions in March – they visit the Holmenkollen Chapel."
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"the 'Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration'. Many resulted in injury and death. Norwegian Roald Amundsen finally reached the Pole on 13 December 1911, following a dramatic race with the Englishman Robert Falcon Scott. Aristotle speculated, ""Now since there must be a region bearing the same relation to the southern pole as the place we live in bears to our pole..."". It was not until Prince Henry the Navigator began in 1418 to encourage the penetration of the torrid zone in the effort to reach India by circumnavigating Africa that European exploration of the southern hemisphere began. In 1473 Portuguese navigator"
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"by 14 January had found the inlet, or ""Bay of Whales"", where Borchgrevink had made his landing eleven years earlier. This became the location of Amundsen's base camp, ""Framheim"". After nine months' preparation, Amundsen's polar journey began on 20 October 1911. Avoiding the known route to the polar plateau via the Beardmore Glacier, Amundsen led his party of five due south, reaching the Transantarctic Mountains on 16 November. They discovered the Axel Heiberg Glacier, which provided them with a direct route to the polar plateau and on to the pole. Shackleton's Farthest South mark was passed on 7 December, and"
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"Maud (ship) Maud, named for Queen Maud of Norway, was a ship built for Roald Amundsen for his second expedition to the Arctic. Designed for his intended voyage through the Northeast Passage, the vessel was built in Asker, a suburb of the capital, Oslo. ""Maud"" was launched in June 1916 or 17 June 1917 at Vollen and ceremonially christened by Amundsen crushing a chunk of ice against her bow: She lived up to her christening, as she remained in the ice until 2016. Whereas other vessels used in Amundsen's polar explorations, ""Gjøa"" and ""Fram"", have been preserved at the Norwegian"
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"in 1916. Between 1925 and 1928, four attempts were made to reach the North Pole by air from Ny-Ålesund. In May 1925, Roald Amundsen used Ny-Ålesund as a base for two flying boats, but the expedition failed to come closer than 88 degrees north. On 9 May 1926, Floyd Bennett and Richard E. Byrd used Ny-Ålesund as both the starting and landing for their expedition. Although they claimed to have reached the pole, there is strong evidence that they could not have accomplished this. On 11 May, Amundsen and Umberto Nobile's airship ""Norge"" left Ny-Ålesund and traveled via the North"
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"Axel Heiberg Glacier The Axel Heiberg Glacier in Antarctica is a valley glacier, long, descending from the high elevations of the Antarctic Plateau into the Ross Ice Shelf (nearly at sea level) between the Herbert Range and Mount Don Pedro Christophersen in the Queen Maud Mountains. This huge glacier was discovered in November 1911 by the Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen, and named by him for Axel Heiberg, a Norwegian businessman and patron of science who contributed to numerous Norwegian polar expeditions. Amundsen used this glacier as his route up onto the polar plateau during his successful expedition to the"
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"Amundsen Bay Amundsen Bay, also known as Ice Bay, is a long embayment wide, close west of the Tula Mountains in Enderby Land, Antarctica. The bay was seen as a large pack-filled recession in the coastline by Sir Douglas Mawson on January 14, 1930. Seen by Captain Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen in charge of a Norwegian expedition during an airplane flight on January 15 and subsequently mapped nearer its true position by the Norwegians. The bay was mapped in detail by an Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions party landed by aircraft in 1956 and another landed by launch from ""Thala Dan"" in"
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"at Svalbard. These expeditions were paid for by Prince Albert of Monaco. Isachsen led his own government-financed expeditions to Spitsbergen in 1909 and 1910. As a result of these expeditions, he founded the Norwegian systematic research work on Svalbard. In 1911, Isachsen was on assignment in Russia and Japan. Three years later, a fire destroyed his house in Asker, and with it all his maps and records. He served as a regular salaried officer to 1917. He was the Norwegian government's technical delegate to the Svalbard Treaty of Paris in 1914 and the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. Isachsen visited"
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"only North American selected to join a team of Norwegians restaging Roald Amundsen’s 1911 expedition to the South Pole for a History Channel and BBC documentary. The expedition team skied and dog sledded 1400 miles over 72 days on the Greenland icecap, using 1911 period clothing, equipment and food. During December 2007 and January 2008, Huston led a full-length ski expedition to the South Pole, covering 720 miles in 57 days. In April 2009, Huston and his expedition partner, Tyler Fish, traveled unsupported from land to the North Pole. In doing so, they became the first North Americans to complete"
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"travelled to Siberia. In 1910, Knud Rasmussen and Peter Freuchen established the Thule Trading Station at Cape York (""Uummannaq""), Greenland, as a trading base. The name Thule was chosen because it was the most northerly trading post in the world, literally the ""Ultima Thule"". Thule Trading Station became the home base for a series of seven expeditions, known as the ""Thule Expeditions"", between 1912 and 1933. The First Thule Expedition (1912, Rasmussen and Freuchen) aimed to test Robert Peary's claim that a channel divided Peary Land from Greenland. They proved this was not the case in a journey across the"
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"miles (800 km) away, Eagle City, Alaska, had a telegraph station; Amundsen traveled there (and back) overland to wire a success message (collect) on 5 December 1905. His team reached Nome in 1906. Because the water along the route was sometimes as shallow as , a larger ship could not have made the voyage. At this time, Amundsen learned that Norway had formally become independent of Sweden and had a new king. The explorer sent the new King Haakon VII news that his traversing the Northwest Passage ""was a great achievement for Norway"". He said he hoped to do more"
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"she was joined by Douglas Mawson's ship ""Aurora"", which was in service with the Australasian Antarctic Expedition. Amundsen presented them with a gift of his 11 surviving dogs. On 8 November 1911, Prestrud, Stubberud and Johansen had departed for King Edward VII Land. The search for the point at which the solid ice of the Barrier became ice-covered land proved difficult. On 1 December the party had their first sighting of what was indubitably dry land, a nunatak which had been recorded by Scott during the ""Discovery"" expedition in 1902. After reaching this point they collected geological specimens and samples"
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"1756, the other from 1865. In 1960, the farming and tourist businesses were separated. Bauker's main building has been listed as National Heritage by the Norwegian state as early as 1923. Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson (famous Norwegian poet and Nobel prize winner) used Bauker as a ""relief housing"" for both guests and family that visited his mansion Aulestad, a few kilometers down the road. His present to Bauker for this was a wonderful chandelier, which unfortunately followed a later owner to Sweden. Many years later, Benedicte and Harald Thiis started here Norway's headquarters for humanistic and transpersonal psychology (Mandala Centre), a centre"
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"in Oslo on 30 November 1916. Arctic Coal Company Arctic Coal Company was a coal mining company which operated mines at Longyearbyen (then Longyear City) in Svalbard, Norway, between 1906 and 1916. The American industrialist John Munroe Longyear visited Spitsbergen as a tourist in 1901, where he met with an expedition prospecting for coal. He returned to Spitsbergen 1903, where he met Henrik B. Næss in Adventfjorden, who gave him samples and information on coal fields. Along with his associate Frederick Ayer, Longyear bought the Norwegian claims on the west side of Adventfjorden, installed William D. Munroe as general manager,"
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"(HSM 24), following a proposal by Norway to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. Mount Betty Mount Betty is a small ridge overlooking the Ross Ice Shelf, on the north side of Bigend Saddle, at the north-eastern extremity of the Herbert Range in the Queen Maud Mountains of Antarctica. It was discovered in November 1911 by Captain Roald Amundsen, and named by him for Betty Andersson, nurse and housekeeper in the Amundsen family for many years. A cairn was erected on the ridge by Amundsen on 6 January 1912, on his way back to Framheim from the South Pole. It is"
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"point in Asker, Norway. Isachsen died of a heart attack in Asker in 1939. Gunnar Isachsen Gunnerius Ingvald Isachsen (3 October 1868 – 19 December 1939), was a Norwegian military officer and polar scientist. From 1923, he was the first president of the Norwegian Maritime Museum. He was born in Drøbak, Norway in 1868 and grew up there. His father was the shipmaster Nils Høgh Isachsen (1838–1913), and his mother was Marie Cecilie Sivertsen (1839–1909). His sister, Louise Isachsen, was a physician. After passing the matriculation exam in 1888, he entered the Norwegian Military Academy. Isachsen was made a first"
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"was in decay since many of the surrounding forests required for charcoal had been depleted. He restored it and set up the production of stoves and similar iron goods. He also took residence in Eidsvoll in 1811, rebuilding the manor house which is now the Eidsvollsbygningen, the site where the constitutional assembly met to draft and sign the Constitution of Norway on 17 May 1814. Eidsvollsbygningen is today a famous museum. In 1854, Eidsvoll became the end point for the first railroad line in Norway from Oslo. This became the transit point for travel with the steamship Skibladner to Hamar,"
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"course than that of his predecessors, alongside the Canadian mainland. Starting at the beginning of the 20th century, radical changes occurred for the Arctic people. Greenland was visited with increasing frequency: Alfred Wegener led an expedition in 1912–13, and the Thule expeditions by Knud Rasmussen took place in 1915-1924. In 1933, the Permanent Court of International Justice attested Denmark's authority in Greenland, with cultural, political and structural impacts for the Inuit. In Canada, the Hudson's Bay Company tapped the previously unexplored ""Barren Lands"" of the Kivalliq Region to the west of Hudson Bay for trade. The Inuit no longer hunted"
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"amount of logical reasoning can not avoid the conclusion that neither Cook, nor Peary, nor Byrd reached the North Pole; and they all knew it."" The first consistent, verified, and scientifically convincing attainment of the Pole was on 12 May 1926, by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen and his US sponsor Lincoln Ellsworth from the airship ""Norge"". ""Norge"", though Norwegian-owned, was designed and piloted by the Italian Umberto Nobile. The flight started from Svalbard in Norway, and crossed the Arctic Ocean to Alaska. Nobile, with several scientists and crew from the ""Norge"", overflew the Pole a second time on 24 May"
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"of his 1910–12 expedition. Johansen Peak Johansen Peak () is a prominent peak, high, standing east-southeast of Mount Grier in the La Gorce Mountains of the Queen Maud Mountains in Antarctica. It was discovered by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd on the South Pole Flight of November 28–29, 1929, and mapped in December 1934 by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition geological party under Quin Blackburn. The peak was so named in an attempt to reconcile Byrd's discoveries with the names applied by Roald Amundsen in 1911. Amundsen had named a peak in the general vicinity for Hjalmar Johansen, a member of"
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"Amundsen Coast Amundsen Coast is that portion of the coast to the south of the Ross Ice Shelf lying between Morris Peak, on the east side of Liv Glacier, and the west side of the Scott Glacier. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1961 for Captain Roald Amundsen, the Norwegian explorer who led his own expedition in 1910–12 to the Antarctic. Setting up a base at Framheim at the edge of the Ross Ice Shelf, he sledged southward across the shelf and discovered a route up the Axel Heiberg Glacier along this coast to reach the polar plateau."
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"of the Arctic straits. Amundsen set out from Kristiania (Oslo) in June 1903 and was west of the Boothia Peninsula by late September. ""Gjøa"" was put into a natural harbour on the south shore of King William Island; by October 3 she was iced in. There the expedition remained for nearly two years, with the expedition members learning from the local Inuit people and undertaking measurements to determine the location of the North Magnetic Pole. The harbour, now known as Gjoa Haven, later developed as the only permanent settlement on the island. After completing the Northwest Passage portion of this"
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"Framheim Framheim was the name of explorer Roald Amundsen's base at the Bay of Whales on the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica during his quest for the South Pole. It was used between January 1911 and February 1912. The hut was constructed in sections by a master carpenter, Jørgen Stubberud and erected at Amundsen's home in Norway, then dismantled for shipment to Antarctica on the ""Fram"". Framheim literally means ""home of the Fram"". During its construction in Norway, Amundsen maintained that the hut was for ""observation"", which would fit in nicely with his supposed intent to head to the North"
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"Jørgen Stubberud Jørgen Stubberud (17 April 1883 – 12 February 1980) was a Norwegian polar explorer who participated in the Amundsen Antarctica Expedition between 1910 and 1912. Stubberud was born at Bekkensten, Svartskog in Oppegård, in Akershus county, Norway. He first met with Roald Amundsen at the latter's home in Svartskog in 1909, when he was employed as a carpenter to repair some old houses. Stubberud obviously did the job well, as Amundsen afterward asked him to construct Framheim in his garden. The task given was: ""It should be a winter quarters, five meters long, four meters wide and five"
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"Farthest South Farthest South was the most southerly latitudes reached by explorers before the conquest of the South Pole in 1911. Significant steps on the road to the pole were the discovery of lands south of Cape Horn in 1619, Captain James Cook's crossing of the Antarctic Circle in 1773, and the earliest confirmed sightings of the Antarctic mainland in 1820. From the late 19th century onward, the quest for Farthest South latitudes became in effect a race to reach the pole, which culminated in Roald Amundsen's success in December 1911. In the years before reaching the pole was a"
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What degree does a US law school graduate get?
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"teaching, instead of part-time practitioners. Many prominent international academics were invited to study at the School, and many Australians were given the opportunity to study abroad. In 2007 MLS accepted its last cohort of LLB students. From 2008 the only degree offered by MLS qualifying for legal practice is the graduate-entry JD. This change to an entirely graduate law school is consistent with University-wide changes occurring under Vice-Chancellor Glyn Davis's Melbourne Model, although MLS does offer some subjects to the University's undergraduate students (known as 'breadth' subjects). Applications are assessed on two criteria: academic results in all previous tertiary study"
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"Law school in the United States In the United States, a law school is an institution where students obtain a professional education in law after first obtaining an undergraduate degree. Law schools in the U.S. confer the Juris Doctor degree (J.D.), which is a professional doctorate, and is the highest degree necessary to practice law in the United States, and the final degree obtained by most practitioners in the field. Although most law schools only offer the traditional three-year program, other variants offered at some U.S. law schools include an Accelerated JD program, and a part-time program (usually completed in"
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"they were first established. Law school in the United States In the United States, a law school is an institution where students obtain a professional education in law after first obtaining an undergraduate degree. Law schools in the U.S. confer the Juris Doctor degree (J.D.), which is a professional doctorate, and is the highest degree necessary to practice law in the United States, and the final degree obtained by most practitioners in the field. Although most law schools only offer the traditional three-year program, other variants offered at some U.S. law schools include an Accelerated JD program, and a part-time"
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"the principal law degree is an undergraduate degree, usually known as a Bachelor of Laws (LLB). Graduates of such a program are eligible to become lawyers by passing the country's equivalent of a bar exam. In these countries, graduate law programs are advanced degrees which allow for more in-depth study or specialisation. In the United States, the primary law degree is a graduate degree known as the Juris Doctor (JD). Students may pursue such a degree only after completing an undergraduate degree, usually a bachelor's degree. The undergraduate degree can be in any field, though most American lawyers hold bachelor's"
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"Ethics: The Young Lawyer's Conundrum"", by Patrick J. Schiltz, January 2000 Washington State Bar News Legal education in the United States Legal education in the United States generally refers to a graduate degree, the completion of which makes a graduate eligible to sit for an examination for a license to practice as a Lawyer. Around 60 percent of those who complete a law degree typically practice law, with the remainder primarily working in business (especially finance, insurance, real estate, and consulting) or government or policy roles, where their degrees also confer advantages. (Other types of legal education, such as that"
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"Legal education in the United States Legal education in the United States generally refers to a graduate degree, the completion of which makes a graduate eligible to sit for an examination for a license to practice as a Lawyer. Around 60 percent of those who complete a law degree typically practice law, with the remainder primarily working in business (especially finance, insurance, real estate, and consulting) or government or policy roles, where their degrees also confer advantages. (Other types of legal education, such as that of paralegals, of Limited Practice Officers (in Washington), and of the citizenry in general, and"
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"four years). Other degrees that are awarded include the Master of Laws (LL.M.) and the Doctor of Juridical Science (J.S.D. or S.J.D.) degrees, which can be more international in scope. Most law schools are colleges, schools, or other units within a larger post-secondary institution, such as a university. Legal education is very different in the United States from that in many other parts of the world. In the United States, most law schools require a bachelor's degree, a satisfactory undergraduate grade point average (GPA), and a satisfactory score on the Law School Admission Test (LSAT) as prerequisites for admission. Some"
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"received through a law school program. The professional degree granted by U.S. law schools is the Juris Doctor (J.D.). Prospective lawyers who have been awarded the J.D. (or other appropriate credential), must fulfill additional, state-specific requirements in order to gain admission to the bar in the United States. The Juris Doctor (J.D.), like the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.), is a professional doctorate. The American Bar Association issued a Council Statement that the JD is equivalent to the PhD for educational employment purposes. The Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) (""""Scientiae Juridicae Doctor"""" in Latin), and Doctor of Comparative Law (D.C.L.), are"
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"countries based on a British law system, where law is taught at the undergraduate level, resulting in a Bachelor of Laws being awarded. The Doctor of Laws exists in the United States as an honorary degree. The highest law degrees obtainable in the United States are Doctor of Juridical Science (""Scientiae Juridicae Doctor"", abbreviated ""S.J.D."" or ""J.S.D."") and a Masters of Laws (""Magister Legum"", abbreviated ""LL.M."". The S.J.D. is akin to an academic degree that, like the Ph.D., is research-based and requires a dissertation (an original contribution to the academic study of law). The LL.M. is generally earned by completing"
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"practice as a barrister, legal executive, or solicitor. Bar Professional Training Course is regarded as one of the hardest degrees and presently it is the most expensive law-related degree. The education of lawyers in the United States is generally undertaken through a law school program, although in some states (such as California and Virginia) applicants who have not attended law school may qualify to take the bar exam. Legal education in the United States normally proceeds along the following route: In the United States,in most cases, the degree awarded by American law schools is the Doctor of Jurisprudence or Juris"
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"the Master of Laws (LL.M.) and the Doctor of the Science of Law (J.S.D.) degrees. The LL.M. Program is considered one of the best in the United States and has been ranked very highly according to private studies. Each year the law school enrolls approximately 210 graduate students from more than 50 countries with experience in all areas of the legal profession, including academia, the judiciary, public service, civil rights and human rights advocacy, non-governmental organizations, international organizations, and private practice. Graduate students are an important component of the law school community. They participate in many co-curricular activities, including student"
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"degrees in the humanities and social sciences. American law schools are usually an autonomous entity within a larger university. Primary degrees in law are offered by law schools, known in some countries as faculties of law. Law schools may have varying degrees of autonomy within a particular university or, in some countries, can be entirely independent of any other post-secondary educational institution. Higher degrees allow for more advanced academic study. These include the Masters of Law (LLM) by coursework or research, and doctoral degrees such as the PhD or SJD. Practitioners may undertake a Masters of Law by coursework to"
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"admission. Most law schools are part of universities but a few are independent institutions. Law schools in the United States and Canada (with the exception of McGill University) award graduating students a J.D. (Juris Doctor/Doctor of Jurisprudence) (as opposed to the Bachelor of Laws) as the practitioner's law degree. Many schools also offer post-doctoral law degrees such as the LL.M (Legum Magister/Master of Laws), or the S.J.D. (Scientiae Juridicae Doctor/Doctor of Juridical Science) for students interested in advancing their research knowledge and credentials in a specific area of law. The methods and quality of legal education vary widely. Some countries"
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"law. A further possible degree is the academic doctoral degree in law of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) (in the U.S or Canada)., or the Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) in Canada or the UK, or the Ph.D. in Law from European or Australasian universities. In addition to attending law school, many jurisdictions require law school graduates to pass a state or provincial bar examination before they may practice law. The Multistate Bar Examination is part of the bar examination in almost all United States jurisdictions. Generally, the standardized, common law subject matter of the MBE is combined with state-specific essay"
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"(J.D.), master of laws (LL.M.) in either business law, child and family law, health law or tax law. Specialized certificates are available in advocacy, child and family law, health law, international law and practice, public interest law, tax law, and transactional law. Students may pursue a master of jurisprudence (M.J.) in either business and compliance law, child and family law, health law, global competition, and rule of law for development. There are two major doctoral degrees: doctor of juridical sciences in health law and policy (S.J.D.) which is the highest degree any attorney may obtain in the United States and"
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"United States. This freedom allows law students to take many tax courses such as federal taxation, estate and gift tax, and estates and successions before completing the Juris Doctor and taking the bar exam in a particular U.S. state. Master of Laws (LL.M) programs are offered in Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Netherlands and an increasing number of countries. Many of these programs focus on domestic and international taxation. In the United States, most LL.M. programs require that the candidate be a graduate of an American Bar Association-accredited law school. In other countries a graduate law degree is sufficient"
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"graduate level law degrees. Similarly, Columbia refers to the LL.M. and the J.S.D. as its graduate program. Yale Law School lists its LL.M., M.S.L., J.S.D., and Ph.D. as constituting graduate programs. A distinction thus remains between professional and graduate law degrees in the United States. The English legal system is the root of the systems of other common-law countries, such as the United States. Originally, common lawyers in England were trained exclusively in the Inns of Court. Even though it took nearly 150 years since common law education began with Blackstone at Oxford for university education to be part of"
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"studies in a particular area of law. For example, most accredited law schools in the United States require basic coursework in Federal Taxation. After earning a J.D., an attorney may seek admission to an LL.M. program in taxation. Earning the LL.M. requires completion of coursework in the area of tax law. There is no requirement for attorneys to complete an LL.M. program to practice law in the United States, and relatively few attorneys hold an LL.M. Some courts allow law students to act as ""certified student attorneys"" after the satisfactory completion of their first year of law school and the"
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"criminal law. The Master of Science of Laws (MSL) is also offered in some universities accredited by the American Bar Association. While the LL.B. was conferred until 1971 at Yale University, since that time, all universities in the United States have awarded the professional doctorate J.D., which then became the generally standardized degree in most states for the necessary bar exam prior to practice of law. Many law schools converted their basic law degree programmes from LL.B. to J.D. in the 1960s, and permitted prior LL.B. graduates to retroactively receive the new doctorate degrees by returning their LL.B. in exchange"
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"of recent graduates of U.S. law schools at a single point in time, 9 months of graduation. Employment at that point is typically around 90 percent, although from 2009 to 2011, the numbers were lower, at around 86 to 88 percent. Approximately 2 percent of graduates were employed in non-professional jobs. Approximately 75 to 85 percent work in jobs classified by NALP as ""JD required"" or ""JD preferred"", and another 5 percent work in other professional jobs. A law degree increases earnings, even including those who do not practice law. Because federal tax rates are around 30 percent, and the"
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"law, criminal law, intellectual property law, business and corporate law, and in Comparative Law for graduates of international law schools. Concurrent degree programs are offered to achieve a J.D. degree with either a Masters in Business Administration, International Master of Business Administration, or Master of Arts in International Relations. USD Law placed 71st among the nation's ""Top 100"" law schools in the 2016 ""U.S. News and World Report"" rankings. In April 2010, USD was ranked 6th in the nation in tax law and first in the Western United States among law schools with graduate tax programs. In January 2011, USD"
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"bachelor's degree. Graduates at the 75th percentile earned around $80,000 more per year than they likely would have earned with a bachelor's degree. However, only around 60 to 70 percent of law graduates practice law. Some authors have criticized employment information supplied directly by law schools; however, these studies report information supplied directly by law graduates, and in the case of the latter study, collected by the United States Census Bureau as part of a broader economic survey. Starting in 2011, American law schools became the subject of a series of critical articles in mainstream news publications, starting with a"
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"Post-law school employment in the United States Post-law school employment in the United States reflects the extent to which students who obtain a law degree after attending law school in the United States are able to find employment which pays well enough to enable them to at least recoup the costs of their degrees. According to the Employment Summary Report prepared by the ABA's Section on Legal Education, around 86% of recent law graduates were employed 9 months after graduation, but only 62% of U.S. law school graduates who graduated in May 2016 were employed in full-time, long term positions"
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"Law is an unaccredited correspondence law school which offers two graduate-level degrees, the Master of Science in Law (MSL) and the Juris Doctor (J.D.). The school is registered with the Committee of Bar Examiners of the State Bar of California as a ""Registered Unaccredited Correspondence Law School"", which is sufficient to qualify its graduates to sit for the California Bar Examination provided they complete 864 hours of preparation and study over four years. A typical JD degree at an accredited institution is three years. It is not registered with or accredited by the American Bar Association. In the July administration"
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"States the acquisition of an LL.M. degree is often a way to specialize in an area of law such as tax law, business law, international business law, health law, trial advocacy, environmental law or intellectual property. A number of schools have combined J.D.-LL.M. programs, while others offer the degree through online study. Some LL.M. programs feature a general study of American law. An LL.M. degree from an ABA-approved law school also allows a foreign lawyer to become eligible to apply for admission to the bar (license to practice) in certain states. Each state has different rules relating to the admittance"
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"be accepted into the four-year Rule Six Law Clerk Program, obtain employment in a law firm or with a judge for at least 30 hours a week and study a prescribed Course of Study under a tutor. After successful completion of the program, a law clerk may take the Washington State Bar Exam and, upon passing, will be admitted as an attorney into the Washington State Bar Association. The degree earned by prospective attorneys in the United States is generally a Juris Doctor (Latin for ""Doctor of Jurisprudence""; abbreviated ""J.D."" or, when conferred in English, ""D.Jur.""). This is different from"
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"scientists, and other scholars in law. The J.S.D., or S.J.D. is a research doctorate, and as such it is generally accepted as equivalent to the more commonly awarded research doctorate, the Ph.D. It is considered the ""most advanced law degree"" by Duke Law School, Berkeley Law, Harvard Law School, Yale Law School, George Washington University Law School, New York University, Stanford Law, and UCLA. According to Indiana University it is the “terminal degree in law"". The National Association of Legal Professionals states that the J.S.D./S.J.D. is ""the most advanced (or terminal) law degree that would follow the earning of the"
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"taught by a faculty of law, which is a department of a university's general undergraduate college. Law students in those countries pursue a Master or Bachelor of Laws degree. In some countries it is common or even required for students to earn another bachelor's degree at the same time. Nor is the LL.B the sole obstacle; it is often followed by a series of advanced examinations, apprenticeships, and additional coursework at special government institutes. In other countries, particularly the UK and U.S.A., law is primarily taught at law schools. In America, the American Bar Association decides which law schools to"
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"states require a baccalaureate degree (with any major concentration, or in general studies), followed by a professional doctorate in law - specifically a Juris Doctor or Doctor of Jurisprudence degree from a law school accredited by the American Bar Association. Some states, such as New York, permit persons with an accredited foreign law degree of comparable duration to join the state bar so long as their education is in the common law. A very small number of states accept US law degrees from unaccredited law schools. At least one state, California, requires no general degree and no law degree. It"
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"that required a law degree. This is consistent with findings in labor economists Michael Simkovic and Frank McIntyre's peer-reviewed study of U.S. Census Bureau data from 1996 to 2013, ""The Economic Value of a Law Degree"" which found that 40 percent of law school graduates do not practice law. The ""National Law Journal"" compiles employment information tracking the proportion of recent graduates working in the 250 largest law firms in the country. Although relatively few law graduates obtain these highly paid positions, law graduates, even graduates of low-ranked law schools, have much lower student loan default rates than average according"
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"research and academic-based doctorate level degrees. In the U.S., the Legum Doctor is only awarded as an honorary degree. As of July 2012, Yale Law School offers a Ph.D. in Law designed for students who have already earned a J.D. and who wish to pursue extended legal scholarship. Academic degrees for non-lawyers are available at the baccalaureate and master's level. A common baccalaureate level degree is a Bachelor of Science in Legal Studies (B.S.). Academic master's degrees in legal studies are available, such as the Master of Studies (M.S.), and the Master of Professional Studies (M.P.S.). Foreign lawyers seeking to"
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"29.5 percent, with a ""median"" LSAT and GPA of 162 and 3.73, respectively. Nearly 170 courses are offered, including business-related law, property-related law, personal rights and public interest law, trial and appellate practice, and global practice preparation. Degrees awarded include the Juris Doctor (J.D.), the Master of Laws (LL.M.) for foreign-trained lawyers, and the Master in the Study of Law (M.S.L.) for those who wish to gain an understanding of legal principles and perspectives in order to advance their careers. Students also may choose to pursue interdisciplinary coursework in other University schools and colleges, or to earn one of nine"
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"to a bachelor's degree. This is present value, as of the start of law school, and includes opportunity costs and financing costs. After taxes, the mean present value will be around $700,000. At the median, or 50th percentile, the pretax present value is $610,000 and the after tax value is $430,000. After tuition, the median law graduate becomes around $330,000 richer. Even toward the bottom of the distribution, the value of a law degree will typically exceed its costs by hundreds of thousands of dollars. According to the United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, the national average"
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On December 14, 1972, Eugene Cernan became the last man to do what, when he followed Harrison Schmitt into the ALM?
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"Harrison Schmitt Harrison Hagan ""Jack"" Schmitt (born July 3, 1935) is an American geologist, retired NASA astronaut, university professor, former U.S. senator from New Mexico, and the most recent living person to have walked on the Moon. He is also the last living crew member of Apollo 17. In December 1972, as one of the crew on board Apollo 17, Schmitt became the first member of NASA's first scientist-astronaut group to fly in space. As Apollo 17 was the last of the Apollo missions, he also became the twelfth and second-youngest person to set foot on the Moon, and the"
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"19 in September 1970, pressure from the scientific community to shift Harrison Schmitt, the sole professional geologist in the active Apollo roster of astronauts, to the crew of Apollo 17, the final scheduled Apollo mission, mounted. In August 1971, NASA named Schmitt as the lunar module pilot for Apollo 17, which meant the original LM pilot Joe Engle never had the opportunity to walk on the Moon. Cernan fought to keep his crew together; given the choice of flying with Schmitt as LMP or seeing his entire crew removed from Apollo 17, Cernan chose to fly with Schmitt. Cernan eventually"
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"Pilot Harrison Schmitt's recollections, were used by the band Public Service Broadcasting for the song ""Tomorrow"", the final track of their 2015 album ""The Race for Space"". Gene Cernan Eugene Andrew Cernan (; March 14, 1934 – January 16, 2017) was an American astronaut, naval aviator, electrical engineer, aeronautical engineer, and fighter pilot. During the Apollo 17 mission, Cernan became the eleventh person to walk on the Moon. Since he re-entered the lunar module after Harrison Schmitt on their third and final lunar excursion, he is the last person to have walked on the Moon. Cernan traveled into space three"
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"represented in Mission Control Center in Houston, Texas, at the time. A plaque located on the LM, commemorating the achievements made during the Apollo program, was then unveiled. Before reentering the LM for the final time, Gene Cernan expressed his thoughts: Cernan then followed Schmitt into the LM after spending approximately seven hours and 15 minutes outside during the mission's final lunar excursion. Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt successfully lifted off from the lunar surface in the ascent stage of the LM on December 14, at 5:55 pm EST. After a successful rendezvous and docking with Ron Evans in the"
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"cancelled in September 1970, the community of lunar geologists supporting Apollo felt so strongly about the need to land a professional geologist on the Moon, that they pressured NASA to reassign Schmitt to a remaining flight. As a result, Schmitt was assigned in August 1971 to fly on the last mission, Apollo 17, replacing Joe Engle as Lunar Module Pilot. Schmitt landed on the Moon with commander Gene Cernan in December 1972. Schmitt claims to have taken the photograph of the Earth known as ""The Blue Marble"", possibly one of the most widely distributed photographic images in existence. NASA officially"
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"the Apollo 17 mission, courtesy of NASA and Captain Eugene Cernan. The song ""Tomorrow"" by Public Service Broadcasting also includes audio of Commander Eugene A. Cernan and Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt from the mission. Apollo 17 Apollo 17 was the final mission of NASA's Apollo program. Launched at 12:33 a.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST) on December 7, 1972, with a crew made up of Commander Eugene Cernan, Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans, and Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt, it was the last use of Apollo hardware for its original purpose; after Apollo 17, extra Apollo spacecraft were used in"
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"Gene Cernan Eugene Andrew Cernan (; March 14, 1934 – January 16, 2017) was an American astronaut, naval aviator, electrical engineer, aeronautical engineer, and fighter pilot. During the Apollo 17 mission, Cernan became the eleventh person to walk on the Moon. Since he re-entered the lunar module after Harrison Schmitt on their third and final lunar excursion, he is the last person to have walked on the Moon. Cernan traveled into space three times; as pilot of Gemini 9A in June 1966, as lunar module pilot of Apollo 10 in May 1969, and as commander of Apollo 17 in December"
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"this position. In 1982, Bingaman was elected the Senate, defeating one-term incumbent Harrison Schmitt. Bingaman accused Schmitt of not paying enough attention to local matters; his campaign slogan was ""What on Earth has he done for you lately?""—a jab at Schmitt's previous service as an astronaut. He was reelected four times. Bingaman was Chairman of the Energy and Natural Resources Committee and a member of the Finance Committee; Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee; and Joint Committee on the Economy. Generally, Bingaman kept a fairly low national profile, even though he was the ninth most senior member of the Senate"
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"second-to-last person to step off of the Moon (he boarded the Lunar Module shortly before commander Eugene Cernan). Schmitt also remains the first and only professional scientist to have flown beyond low Earth orbit and to have visited the Moon. He was influential within the community of geologists supporting the Apollo program and, before starting his own preparations for an Apollo mission, had been one of the scientists training those Apollo astronauts chosen to visit the lunar surface. Schmitt resigned from NASA in August 1975 in order to run for election to the United States Senate as a member from"
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"a total of over 20 hours EVA. Apollo 17 was the last of the Apollo program, landing in the Taurus–Littrow region in December 1972. Eugene Cernan commanded Ronald E. Evans and NASA's first scientist-astronaut, geologist Dr. Harrison H. Schmitt. Schmitt was originally scheduled for Apollo 18, but the lunar geological community lobbied for his inclusion on the final lunar landing. Cernan and Schmitt stayed on the surface for just over three days and spent just over 23 hours of total EVA. Source: ""Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference"" (Orloff 2004) The Apollo program returned over of lunar rocks and"
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"astronauts featured in the documentary ""In the Shadow of the Moon"". He also contributed to the book ""NASA's Scientist-Astronauts"" by David Shayler and Colin Burgess. Harrison Schmitt Harrison Hagan ""Jack"" Schmitt (born July 3, 1935) is an American geologist, retired NASA astronaut, university professor, former U.S. senator from New Mexico, and the most recent living person to have walked on the Moon. He is also the last living crew member of Apollo 17. In December 1972, as one of the crew on board Apollo 17, Schmitt became the first member of NASA's first scientist-astronaut group to fly in space. As"
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"came to have a positive evaluation of Schmitt's abilities; he concluded that Schmitt was an outstanding LM pilot while Engle—notwithstanding his outstanding record as an aircraft test pilot—was merely an adequate one. Cernan's role as commander of Apollo 17 closed out the Apollo program's lunar exploration mission with a number of record-setting achievements. During the three days of Apollo 17's surface activity (Dec. 11-14, 1972), Cernan and Schmitt performed three EVAs for a total of about 22 hours of exploration of the Taurus–Littrow valley. Their first EVA alone was more than three times the length astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz"
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"and finishing in 6th place. Glenn returned to space on October 29, 1998 aboard Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-95) while still a sitting Senator. The next year he retired from Congress. Two Apollo astronauts were elected to the United States Congress. ""Astronaut turned Sen. Harrison 'Jack' Schmitt"", whose participation on the Apollo 17 mission made him the only geologist to walk on the Moon, resigned from NASA in August 1975 and shortly thereafter ran as a Republican, winning the New Mexico Senate seat in 1976 over two-term Democratic incumbent, Joseph Montoya by a margin of 57% to 42%, despite being described"
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"on March 16, 2018, at home in Lynnwood, Washington. Lucien A. Schmit Jr. Lucien André Schmit Jr. (1928 – March 16, 2018) was an American engineer. He worked at Grumman between 1951 and 1953, then joined the Aeroelastic and Structures Research Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Schmit left MIT for the Case Institute of Technology in 1958, and was named Wilbert J. Austin Distinguished Professor of Engineering in 1969. The next year, Schmit began teaching at the University of California, Los Angeles. He was granted membership in the National Academy of Engineering in 1985, and retired from UCLA"
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"investigate the possibility of relatively new volcanic activity in the same area. Cernan, Evans, and Schmitt returned to Earth on December 19 after a 12-day mission. Apollo 17 is the most recent manned Moon landing and the most recent time humans travelled beyond low Earth orbit. It was also the first mission to have no one on board who had been a test pilot; X-15 test pilot Joe Engle lost the lunar module pilot assignment to Schmitt, a geologist. The mission broke several records: the longest moon landing, longest total extravehicular activities (moonwalks), largest lunar sample, and longest time in"
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"the Moon, because NASA ""didn't have plans to land on Apollo 10"" so ""there wasn't any point in ... training in the LLTV."" Cernan only got this training after being assigned as backup commander for Apollo 14, and in 1972 was the last to fly the LLTV while training as commander for Apollo 17, the final landing mission. Built of aluminum alloy trusses, the LLRVs were powered by a General Electric CF700-2V turbofan engine with a thrust of 4,200 lbf (19 kN), mounted vertically in a gimbal. The engine lifted the vehicle to the test altitude and was then throttled"
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"Lucien A. Schmit Jr. Lucien André Schmit Jr. (1928 – March 16, 2018) was an American engineer. He worked at Grumman between 1951 and 1953, then joined the Aeroelastic and Structures Research Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Schmit left MIT for the Case Institute of Technology in 1958, and was named Wilbert J. Austin Distinguished Professor of Engineering in 1969. The next year, Schmit began teaching at the University of California, Los Angeles. He was granted membership in the National Academy of Engineering in 1985, and retired from UCLA in 1993. Schmitt died at the age of 89"
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"the last of his many accolades. On January 13, 2000, Alvin Liberman died due to problems that occurred after heart surgery. His son Mark Liberman is Trustee Professor of Phonetics and director of the Institute for Research and Cognitive Science at the University of Pennsylvania. His son M. Charles Liberman is Professor of Otology and Laryngology at Harvard Medical School. His daughter, Sarah Ash, is an Associate Professor of Nutrition in the Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences at North Carolina State University; as well as nine grandchildren that follow his lineage. Liberman was one of the first to"
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"Aldrin spent outside the LM on Apollo 11. During this time Cernan and Schmitt covered more than using the Lunar Rover and spent a great deal of time collecting geologic samples (including a record 34 kilograms (75 lb) of samples, the most of any Apollo mission) that would shed light on the Moon's early history. Cernan piloted the rover on its final sortie, recording a maximum speed of , giving him the unofficial lunar land speed record. As Cernan prepared to climb the ladder for the final time, he spoke these words, currently the last spoken by a human being"
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"the enhanced-sized Cygnus PCM. In an Orbital ATK tradition, this Cygnus spacecraft was named the S.S. ""Gene Cernan"" after one of NASA's Apollo astronauts, Apollo 17 commander Eugene Cernan (1934-2017), the last man (as of 2017) to walk on the Moon and one of only three humans to visit the Moon (in orbit or on the surface) twice. Total cargo mass: Cygnus CRS OA-8E Cygnus CRS OA-8E, also known as Orbital ATK CRS-8E, was the ninth flight of the Orbital ATK unmanned resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its eighth flight to the International Space Station under the Commercial Resupply Services contract"
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"as early as May 1967 that there would be at least four additional missions. Apollo 8 was planned as the ""D"" mission, a test of the LM in a low Earth orbit in December 1968 by James McDivitt, David Scott, and Russell Schweickart, while Borman's crew would fly the ""E"" mission, a more rigorous LM test in an elliptical medium Earth orbit as Apollo 9, in early 1969. The ""F"" Mission would test the CSM and LM in lunar orbit, and the ""G"" mission would be the finale, the Moon landing. Production of the LM fell behind schedule, and when"
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"1972, the final Apollo lunar landing. Cernan was also a backup crew member of the Gemini 12, Apollo 7 and Apollo 14 space missions. Cernan was born on March 14, 1934, in Chicago, Illinois; he was the son of Rose (née Cihlar) and Andrew Cernan. His father was of Slovak descent and his mother was of Czech ancestry. Cernan grew up in the Illinois towns Bellwood and Maywood. He was a Boy Scout and earned the rank of Second Class. After attending McKinley Elementary School in Bellwood and graduating from Proviso East High School in Maywood in 1952, he studied"
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"Cernan Earth and Space Center The Cernan Earth and Space Center is a public planetarium on the campus of Triton College in the Chicago suburb of River Grove. It is named for astronaut Eugene Cernan, who flew aboard the Gemini 9 and Apollo 10 missions and, as commander of Apollo 17, was the last astronaut to leave his footprints on the moon. The Cernan Center's 93-seat dome theater houses a Konica-Minolta Super MediaGlobe II fulldome digital projector, a Voyager V-17OWC laser projection system, and numerous auxiliary projectors. Using this equipment, the Cernan Center presents a wide range of programs to"
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"19, the crew jettisoned the no-longer-needed SM, leaving only the CM for return to Earth. The Apollo 17 spacecraft reentered Earth's atmosphere and landed safely in the Pacific Ocean at 2:25 pm, from the recovery ship, . Cernan, Evans, and Schmitt were then retrieved by a recovery helicopter and were safely aboard the recovery ship 52 minutes after landing. The command module ""America"" is currently on display at Space Center Houston at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. The ascent stage of lunar module ""Challenger"" impacted the Moon December 15, 1972 at 06:50:20.8 UT (1:50 am EST),"
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"our duty – and our destiny – to settle that frontier with American leadership, courage, and values. The signing of this new directive is yet another promise kept by President Trump."" Among other dignitaries on hand for the signing, were NASA astronauts Sen. Harrison ""Jack"" Schmitt, Buzz Aldrin, Peggy Whitson, and Christina Koch. Schmitt landed on the Moon 45 years to the minute that the policy directive was signed as part of NASA's Apollo 17 mission, and is the most recent living person to have set foot on our lunar neighbor. Aldrin was the second person to walk on the"
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"and acting as the ""executive agent"" for space launch for other U.S. and allied agencies. The first civil weather, communications, and earth resources satellites date from this period. In 1967, Newell was promoted to the position of associate administrator of NASA, the third-ranking position in the agency, which he held until his retirement in 1974. He held this post under four successive NASA administrators. Among other activities in this position, he traveled to the Rice Hotel in Houston to meet with disgruntled scientist-astronauts in 1971. Among the results of that meeting was the assignment of Dr. Harrison Schmitt as the"
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"succeeded by USAF General Lori Robinson on May 13, 2016. Gortney was born on September 25, 1955, and graduated from Elon College (now Elon University) in North Carolina, earning a Bachelor of Arts in History and Political Science in 1977. He was an officer of Kappa Sigma Fraternity and a member of the varsity soccer team and the rugby club. The son of a retired U.S. Navy Captain and a second generation Naval Aviator, Gortney entered the U.S. Navy as an aviation officer candidate at Aviation Officer Candidate School (AOCS, Class 12-77 [The Gamesmen]) in the summer of 1977 at"
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"of Washington, and finally a Fulbright Fellowship at the Max-Planck-Institüt für Kernphysik in Heidelberg, Germany. In December of 1972, Taylor was offered to be in the “back room” of Johnson Space Center during the Apollo 17 mission where he had the opportunity to directly advise astronauts on their extravehicular activities on the Moon. Subsequently, Taylor became very close friends with Harrison Schmitt, the last man to step on the lunar surface and the sole geologist to ever reach the Moon. The two would collaborate throughout their careers with Schmitt playing an influential role in helping Taylor develop the Department of"
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"Apollo 7—although that flight carried no lunar module. Standard crew rotation put him in place as the Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 10—the final dress rehearsal mission for the first Apollo lunar landing—on May 18–26, 1969. During the Apollo 10 mission, Cernan and his commander, Tom Stafford, piloted the Lunar Module ""Snoopy"" in lunar orbit to within of the lunar surface, successfully executing every phase of a lunar landing up to final powered descent and providing NASA planners with critical knowledge of technical systems and lunar gravitational conditions to enable Apollo 11 to land on the Moon two months later."
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"standing on the lunar surface: Cernan's status as the last person to walk on the Moon means Purdue University is the ""alma mater"" of both the first person to walk on the Moon—Neil Armstrong—and the most recent. Cernan is one of only three astronauts to travel to the Moon on two occasions; the others being Jim Lovell and John Young. , he is also one of only twelve people to have walked on the Moon. Apollo 10 holds the record for the highest speed attained by any manned vehicle at during its return from the Moon on May 26, 1969."
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"have landed on the Moon. This was accomplished with two US pilot-astronauts flying a Lunar Module on each of six NASA missions across a 41-month period starting on 20 July 1969 UTC, with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on Apollo 11, and ending on 14 December 1972 UTC with Gene Cernan and Jack Schmitt on Apollo 17. Cernan was the last to step off the lunar surface. All Apollo lunar missions had a third crew member who remained on board the Command Module. The last three missions had a rover for increased mobility. In order to go to the Moon,"
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"July 1964 due to an arm injury sustained in a motorbike accident. Slayton himself continued to be grounded due to a heart problem.) Titles used for the left-hand (command) and right-hand seat crew positions were taken from the U.S. Air Force pilot ratings, ""Command Pilot"" and ""Pilot"". Sixteen astronauts flew on 10 manned Gemini missions: In late 1963, Slayton selected Shepard and Stafford for Gemini 3, McDivitt and White for Gemini 4, and Schirra and Young for Gemini 5 (which was to be the first Agena rendezvous mission). The backup crew for Gemini 3 was Grissom and Borman, who were"
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"last of his group to fly in space, as See died in a T-38 crash on February 28, 1966, that also took the life of crewmate Charles Bassett. They were replaced by the backup crew of Tom Stafford and Gene Cernan, while Jim Lovell and Buzz Aldrin moved up from the backup crew of Gemini 10 to become the backup for Gemini 9, and would eventually fly Gemini 12. Gemini 8 launched on March 16, 1966. It was the most complex mission yet, with a rendezvous and docking with an unmanned Agena target vehicle, and the second American space walk"
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MTV's The Real World is still on the air after 26 seasons. What city hosts the current incarnation, whose season finale is tonight?
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"The Real World: San Diego (2004 season) The Real World: San Diego is the fourteenth season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the fourth season of ""The Real World"" to be filmed in the Pacific States region of the United States, specifically in California after """". The season featured a total of eight cast members over the course of the season, as one cast member was replaced after she"
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"13 until June 21, 2002. The season premiered on September 17 of that year, consisted of 28 episodes, which along with the season, is the highest number to date. This was the first of three seasons of ""The Real World"" to be filmed in Las Vegas. In 2011, the show made a return to the city in the twenty-fifth season, and in 2016, set its thirty-first season, """", in Downtown Las Vegas. Due to the popularity of the season, MTV ordered the spin-off miniseries """" that reunited the cast to live in the same Palms Hotel and Casino suite they"
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"previous two seasons. Las Vegas was first reported as the location for the 31st season by the website DTLV.com on September 15, 2015. It is the third season of ""Real World"" to be filmed in Las Vegas and the ninth season to take place in a city that had hosted a previous season, following the and seasons, which aired in 2002–03 and 2011, respectively. Production began on October 9, 2015, and concluded on December 16, 2015 totaling up to 70 days of filming. On January 13, 2016, ""Entertainment Weekly"" reported that the season will be titled ""Go Big or Go"
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"The Real World: D.C. The Real World: D.C., (occasionally known as The Real World: Washington D.C.), is the twenty-third season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the fifth season of ""The Real World"" to be filmed in the Mid-Atlantic States region of the United States. The season featured eight people who lived in a house in Dupont Circle. Washington, D.C. was officially announced as the location for the newest"
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"lives in Denver, was voted as the winner of Women's Health's America's Next Fitness Star in August 2014, and will be featured in a series of fitness DVDs. The Real World: D.C. The Real World: D.C., (occasionally known as The Real World: Washington D.C.), is the twenty-third season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the fifth season of ""The Real World"" to be filmed in the Mid-Atlantic States region"
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"take place in a city that had hosted a previous season, as the show's was set in 2002. Las Vegas was first reported as the location for the 25th season by the website Vevmo on September 8, 2010. Pre-production started in August 2010, and Production began from October to December 2010 at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino. The season premiered on March 9, 2011, consisting of 13 episodes. Director of the Nevada Film Office Charlie Geocaris commented, ""The Nevada Film Office is very excited to have MTV’s ""The Real World"" return to Las Vegas. The first time here proved"
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"14 seasons (1995–2007), and the ongoing spin-off reality game show ""The Challenge"", which has run for over 30 seasons since 1998. On June 8, 2018, it was announced that MTV and Bunim-Murray Productions are working on a potential revival of ""Real World"", with the hopes of selling the new version to a streaming platform. ""The Real World"" was inspired by the 1973 PBS documentary series ""An American Family"". It focuses on the lives of a group of strangers who audition to live together in a house for several months, as cameras record their interpersonal relationships. The show moves to a"
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"the contestant was a finalist on The Challenge. Real World Seattle: Bad Blood Real World Seattle: Bad Blood is the thirty-second and final season of MTV's reality television series ""Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season as cameras document their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the ninth season to be filmed in the Pacific States region of the United States, specifically in Washington, and is also the third season to be filmed in the Pacific Northwest after """". The season featured a total of fourteen"
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"Real World: Ex-Plosion Real World: Ex-Plosion is the twenty-ninth season of MTV's reality television series ""Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the eighth season of ""Real World"" to be filmed in the Pacific States region of the United States, specifically in California after """" in 2011. The season featured a total of twelve cast members over the course of the season. It is the seventh season to take place in a city that had hosted"
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"Real World Seattle: Bad Blood Real World Seattle: Bad Blood is the thirty-second and final season of MTV's reality television series ""Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season as cameras document their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the ninth season to be filmed in the Pacific States region of the United States, specifically in Washington, and is also the third season to be filmed in the Pacific Northwest after """". The season featured a total of fourteen people, consisting of seven original roommates and seven"
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"The Real World: Las Vegas (2011 season) The Real World: Las Vegas is the twenty-fifth season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the third season to be filmed in the Mountain States region of the United States, specifically in Nevada. The season featured a total of eight cast members over the course of the season, as one cast member was evicted and replaced. It is the fifth season to"
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"season of ""Real World"" whose entire cast has at one time or another competed in MTV's spin-off reality series ""The Real World/Road Rules Challenge"". The Real World: Boston The Real World: Boston is the sixth season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the only season of ""The Real World"" to be filmed in the New England region of the United States, specifically in Massachusetts. The season featured seven people"
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"Real World (TV series) Real World (formerly known as The Real World from 1992 to 2013) is a reality television series on MTV originally produced by Mary-Ellis Bunim and Jonathan Murray. First broadcast in 1992, the show, which was inspired by the 1973 PBS documentary series ""An American Family"", is the longest-running program in MTV history, one of the longest-running reality series in history, and is credited with launching the modern reality TV genre. Seven to eight young adults are picked to temporarily live in a new city together in one residence while being filmed non-stop. The series was hailed"
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"The Real World: Brooklyn The Real World: Brooklyn is the twenty-first season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the fourth season of ""The Real World"" to be filmed in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, specifically in New York City after """". The season featured eight people who lived on Pier 41 in Red Hook. Although it is the only season to set in the borough of Brooklyn,"
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"in bold indicate that the cast member was a finalist on the Challenge. The Real World: Denver The Real World: Denver is the eighteenth season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the second season to be filmed in the Mountain States region of the United States, specifically in Colorado. The season featured seven people who lived in a two-story building in the Lower Downtown area of Denver, Colorado, which"
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"The Real World: Hollywood The Real World: Hollywood is the twentieth season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the fifth season of ""The Real World"" to be filmed in the Pacific States region of the United States, specifically in California, after """". The season features a total of nine cast members over the course of the season, as one cast member is evicted and replaced, and another is replaced"
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"the MTV app, and concluded with the season finale on January 4, 2017, consisting of 12 episodes. Most seasons of ""Real World"" have a phone room so the cast members can make calls. On this season, the production crew provided the cast members smartphones so they could take their own pictures, have calls, and send text messages to families, one another, and close friends. This is the first time cast have been given personal communication devices since the cast of the were given two-way pagers. During shooting, the cast lived at the Ballou Wright Building located at 1517 12th Avenue"
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"The Real World: Cancun The Real World: Cancun is the twenty-second season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the only season of ""The Real World"" to be filmed in Mexico. The season featured eight people who lived in a hotel converted into a suite. It is the fourth season of ""The Real World"" to be set outside the United States, after """" in 1995, """" in 2003, and """""
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"The Real World: Denver The Real World: Denver is the eighteenth season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the second season to be filmed in the Mountain States region of the United States, specifically in Colorado. The season featured seven people who lived in a two-story building in the Lower Downtown area of Denver, Colorado, which production started from late May to September 2006. It premiered on November 22"
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"Real World: Go Big or Go Home Real World: Go Big or Go Home is the thirty-first season of MTV's reality television series ""Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras document their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the fourth season to be filmed in the Mountain States region of the United States, specifically in Nevada after . The season featured a total of eight (initially seven) people who lived in a penthouse suite in Downtown Las Vegas and follows a twist from the"
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"HIV positive for 25 years, was diagnosed with mesothelioma, a rare cancer of the lungs. He died at his home on August 7, 2013, at the age of 44. He is survived by his mother, Patricia Sasser of Detroit, and a younger sister. The Real World: San Francisco The Real World: San Francisco is the third season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the second season of ""The Real"
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"The Real World: Boston The Real World: Boston is the sixth season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the only season of ""The Real World"" to be filmed in the New England region of the United States, specifically in Massachusetts. The season featured seven people who lived in a converted historic firehouse at 127 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, Massachusetts, which is located right off of Charles Street and was"
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"A custom suite was built at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, where the cast resided. Hard Rock President and Chief Executive Officer Joseph Magliarditi commented, ""We are very excited to partner with MTV and their hit reality show series ""The Real World"" for the 25th season in Las Vegas...We look forward to hosting the new cast."" The penthouse suite for the cast has a large set living room, four bedrooms, and built-in bowling alley. This season, the capacity of the cast returns to a roster of seven, the first season to do so since the season."
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"The Real World: Portland The Real World: Portland is the twenty-eighth season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the seventh season of ""The Real World"" to be filmed in the Pacific States region of the United States, specifically in Oregon, and is also the second season to be filmed in the Pacific Northwest after """". The season featured a total of eight cast members over the course of the"
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"version of the show Ex on the Beach. Wharton also later appeared on Teen Mom OG along with Cheyenne Floyd and their daughter, Ryder. Real World: Ex-Plosion Real World: Ex-Plosion is the twenty-ninth season of MTV's reality television series ""Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the eighth season of ""Real World"" to be filmed in the Pacific States region of the United States, specifically in California after """" in 2011. The season featured a total"
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"Four Letter Word"". In 2016, Karamo Brown appeared as a cast member on the TV One original series """". In 2017, he is the host of MTV's Are You the One? Spinoff, ""Are You the One? Second Chances"". He is a member of the new “Fab 5” in the 2018 Netflix reboot of Queer Eye. The Real World: Philadelphia The Real World: Philadelphia is the fifteenth season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and"
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"his eviction from the house, and Menounos questioned his attitude regarding his lifestyle and sobriety. Some of the pranks and antics were also discussed. The Real World: St. Thomas The Real World: St. Thomas is the twenty-seventh season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the only season of ""The Real World"" to be filmed in the Caribbean, and the second season set in the United States to be filmed"
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"Namesake"", ""The Human Stain"", and ""The Last Kiss"". In 2004 she married actor Gabriel Macht. On August 20, 2007 she gave birth to a daughter, Geraldine Macht, in Los Angeles. Sharon Gitau works as a singer, songwriter, composer and producer. The Real World: London The Real World: London is the fourth season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the only season of ""The Real World"" to be filmed in"
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"The Real World: London The Real World: London is the fourth season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the only season of ""The Real World"" to be filmed in the United Kingdom. The season featured seven people and is the first of four seasons of ""The Real World"" to be filmed entirely outside of the United States, being followed by """" in 2003, """" in 2007, """" in 2009."
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"The Real World: Seattle The Real World: Seattle is the seventh season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the third season of ""The Real World"" to be filmed in the Pacific States region, specifically in Washington and is also the first season to be filmed in the Pacific Northwest. The season featured seven people who lived on Pier 70 of Seattle, Washington's Elliott Bay. The season premiered on June"
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"The Real World: Las Vegas (2002 season) The Real World: Las Vegas is the twelfth season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the first season to be filmed in the Mountain States region of the United States, specifically in Nevada. The season featured seven people who lived in a converted penthouse suite on the 28th floor of the Las Vegas Palms Casino and Resort, which production started from February"
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"The Real World: New Orleans (2010 season) The Real World: New Orleans is the twenty-fourth season of MTV's reality television series ""The Real World"", which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the third season of ""The Real World"" to be filmed in West South Central States region of the United States, specifically in Louisiana. The season featured eight people who lived in a house in Uptown New Orleans. It is the fourth season to take place in a"
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"that documents the evolution of the series over the years. Prior to the beginning of the season Jon Murray, co-creator of ""The Real World"", and Chairman and President of Bunim-Murray Productions, explained the choice of Brooklyn: ""The Brooklyn season, like the Hollywood season, will focus on what people loved about 'The Real World' when it launched in 1992 - genuine people, meaningful conflict and powerful stories...We're thrilled that MTV is allowing 'The Real World' turn 21!"" Cast member Chet Cannon remarked on the city that was his home for three months, ""Brooklyn is usually spoken of as more a place"
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Arch enemey of Count Dracula, what is the name of the vampire hunter in Bram Stokers 1897 novel Dracula?
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"Dracula Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker. It introduced the character of Count Dracula, and established many conventions of subsequent vampire fantasy. The novel tells the story of Dracula's attempt to move from Transylvania to England so that he may find new blood and spread the undead curse, and of the battle between Dracula and a small group of men and a woman led by Professor Abraham Van Helsing. ""Dracula"" has been assigned to many literary genres including vampire literature, horror fiction, the gothic novel, and invasion literature. The novel has spawned numerous theatrical,"
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"Count Dracula Count Dracula () is the title character of Bram Stoker's 1897 gothic horror novel ""Dracula"". He is considered to be both the prototypical and the archetypal vampire in subsequent works of fiction. He is also depicted in the novel to be the origin of werewolf legends. Some aspects of the character are believed to have been inspired by the 15th-century Wallachian Prince Vlad the Impaler, who was also known as Dracula. Other character aspects have been added or altered in subsequent popular fictional works. The character has subsequently appeared frequently in popular culture, from films to animated media"
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"Castle Dracula Castle Dracula is the fictitious Transylvanian residence of Count Dracula, the vampire antagonist in Bram Stoker's 1897 horror novel ""Dracula"". In Stoker's narrative, Castle Dracula is the single most important location. The first and the last part of the plot take place here. The inaccessible stronghold, which initially symbolises the vampire's power, finally becomes the scene of his extermination. In the novel's first chapters, the young English solicitor Jonathan Harker, traveling from London via Paris, Munich, Vienna, Budapest, Klausenburg and Bistritz, arrives at the Castle after being picked up in the Borgo Pass by a mysterious driver, whom"
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"expression is crossed out, however, and replaced by ""Hungarian yoke"" (as appearing in the printed version), which matches the historical perspective of the Wallachians. This has been interpreted by some to mean that Stoker opted for the Wallachian, not the Szekler interpretation, thus lending more consistency to the Romanian identity of his Count: although not identical with Vlad III, the Vampire is portrayed as one of the ""Dracula race"". Count Dracula Count Dracula () is the title character of Bram Stoker's 1897 gothic horror novel ""Dracula"". He is considered to be both the prototypical and the archetypal vampire in subsequent"
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"Jonathan Harker Jonathan Harker is a fictional character and one of the main protagonists of Bram Stoker's 1897 Gothic horror novel ""Dracula"". His journey to Transylvania and encounter with the vampire Count Dracula and his Brides at Castle Dracula constitutes the dramatic opening scenes in the novel and most of the film adaptations. Stoker appropriated the surname from his friend Joseph Cunningham Harker (1855-1920), a set designer at the Lyceum Theatre and father of actor William Gordon Harker (1885-1967) as well as great-grandfather of actress Polly Adams, whose actress-daughters Susannah Harker and Caroline Harker adopted the Harker surname for their"
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"over the years, and many films have used the character as a villain, while others have named him in their titles, including ""Dracula's Daughter"" and ""The Brides of Dracula"". As of 2009, an estimated 217 films feature Dracula in a major role, a number second only to Sherlock Holmes (223 films). A large number of these appearances are not adaptations of Stoker's novel, but merely feature the character in an unrelated story. Dracula Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker. It introduced the character of Count Dracula, and established many conventions of subsequent vampire fantasy."
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"Abraham Van Helsing Professor Abraham Van Helsing is a fictional character from the 1897 gothic horror novel ""Dracula"". Van Helsing is an aged polymath Dutch doctor with a wide range of interests and accomplishments, partly attested by the string of letters that follows his name: ""MD, D.Ph., D.Litt., etc, etc,"" indicating a wealth of experience, education and expertise. The character is best known throughout many adaptations of the story as a vampire hunter and the archenemy of Count Dracula. In the novel, Professor Van Helsing is called in by his former student, Dr. John Seward, to assist with the mysterious"
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"""Dracula"" (1897) has been the definitive description of the vampire in popular fiction for the last century. Its portrayal of vampirism as a disease (contagious demonic possession), with its undertones of sex, blood, and death, struck a chord in a Victorian Britain where tuberculosis and syphilis were common. The character of Count Dracula is based upon Vlad Dracula III (Vlad the Impaler), also known as Vlad Ţepeş', a notorious 15th-century Wallachian (Romanian) warlord, or Voivode. Unlike the historical personage, however, Stoker located his Count Dracula in a castle near the Borgo Pass in Transylvania, and ascribed to that area the"
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"numerous movies like ""Blood of Dracula's Castle"" (1969) (with John Carradine as the butler and Alexander D'Arcy as Count Dracula) and other Dracula-based films. There are video games called ""Dracula's Castle"" (Game Pac Adventure), ""Escape Dracula's Castle"" (Fun Flash Games),""Restore Dracula's Castle"" and ""Devil's Castle Dracula"" (""Akumajō Dracula""); the latter is best known to the west as ""Castlevania"". A prosecco produced by a descendant of the Bassarab dynasty bears the name Castle of Dracula. Castle Dracula Castle Dracula is the fictitious Transylvanian residence of Count Dracula, the vampire antagonist in Bram Stoker's 1897 horror novel ""Dracula"". In Stoker's narrative, Castle"
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"Dracula in popular culture The character of Count Dracula from the 1897 novel ""Dracula"" by Bram Stoker, has remained popular over the years, and many films have used the Count as a villain, while others have named him in their titles, such as ""Dracula's Daughter"", ""The Brides of Dracula"", and ""Dracula's Dog"". ""Dracula"" has enjoyed enormous popularity since its publication and has spawned an extraordinary vampire subculture in the second half of the 20th century. More than 200 films have been made that feature Count Dracula, a number second only to Sherlock Holmes. At the center of this subculture is"
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"Hyde and shock upon the discovery of Jekyll's dual personality. In Bram Stoker's ""Dracula"" (1897), Jonathan Harker travels to Count Dracula's castle. Dracula inquires about buying a house in England, but soon Jonathan finds himself Dracula's prisoner. Harker escapes, but Dracula, recognized as a vampire, soon ventures away from his castle and begins to torment others close to Jonathan. Dracula is endowed with the power to turn into a bat, command wolves, and have incredible strength among other traits. However, Dracula and other vampires in the novel are weakened during the day and are repulsed by garlic and the crucifix."
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"St. Gallen Switzerland and Graz Austria productions, Jonathan was played by the Swedish musical theater actor, Jesper Tydén. Jonathan Harker Jonathan Harker is a fictional character and one of the main protagonists of Bram Stoker's 1897 Gothic horror novel ""Dracula"". His journey to Transylvania and encounter with the vampire Count Dracula and his Brides at Castle Dracula constitutes the dramatic opening scenes in the novel and most of the film adaptations. Stoker appropriated the surname from his friend Joseph Cunningham Harker (1855-1920), a set designer at the Lyceum Theatre and father of actor William Gordon Harker (1885-1967) as well as"
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"Bram Stoker's 1897 novel ""Dracula"". The expression ""Dracula"", which is now primarily known as the name of a fictional vampire, was for centuries known as the sobriquet of VladIII. Diplomatic reports and popular stories referred to him as ""Dracula"", ""Dracuglia"", or ""Drakula"" already in the 15thcentury. He himself signed his two letters as ""Dragulya"" or ""Drakulya"" in the late 1470s. His name had its origin in the Romanian sobriquet of his father, Vlad Dracul (""Vlad the Dragon""), who received it after he became a member of the Order of the Dragon. Dracula is the Slavonic genitive form of Dracul, meaning"
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"Harker, a newly qualified English solicitor, visiting Count Dracula at his castle in the Carpathian Mountains on the border of Transylvania, Bukovina, and Moldavia, to provide legal support for a real estate transaction overseen by Harker's employer, Mr Peter Hawkins of Exeter. At first enticed by Dracula's gracious manners, Harker soon realizes that he is Dracula's prisoner. Wandering the Count's castle against Dracula's admonition, Harker encounters three female vampires, called ""the sisters"", from whom he is rescued by Dracula. Harker soon realizes that Dracula himself is also a vampire. After the preparations are made, Dracula leaves Transylvania and abandons Harker"
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"the chapel's stone cross with his sword and drinks the blood that pours out of it. In 1897, newly qualified solicitor Jonathan Harker takes the Transylvanian Count Dracula as a client from his colleague Renfield, who has gone insane. Jonathan travels to Transylvania to arrange Dracula's real estate acquisitions in London, including Carfax Abbey. Jonathan meets Dracula, who discovers a picture of Harker's fiancée, Mina and believes that she is the reincarnation of Elisabeta. Dracula leaves Jonathan to be attacked and fed upon by his brides, while he sails to England with boxes of his native Transylvanian soil, taking up"
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"recorded in the 1897 novel by Bram Stoker, ""Dracula"". When the humans destroyed Dracula, his remains were placed in his coffin, concealed within a cave blocked by an enormous boulder. Frankenstein's Monster was later tricked into unsealing the cave and opening the coffin, thus freeing Dracula. In later years he also came in conflict with Cagliostro and Solomon Kane. Just before World War I, he was responsible for transforming Lord John Falsworth into Baron Blood. In the later half of the 20th century, Dracula was once more returned from death by Clifton Graves, and subsequently came into conflict with Quincy"
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"the current reincarnation of his true love (an earlier being named Mina Harker). Dracula is ineptly pursued in turn by Sondheim's psychiatrist and quasi-boyfriend Jeffrey Rosenberg. Jeffrey is the grandson of Dracula's old nemesis Fritz ([]) van Helsing but changed his name to Rosenberg ""for professional reasons"". Rosenberg's numerous methods to combat Dracula – mirrors, garlic, a Star of David (which he uses instead of the cross), and hypnosis – are easily averted by the Count. Rosenberg also tries burning Dracula's coffin with the vampire still inside, but is arrested by hotel security. Subsequently he tries to shoot him with"
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"popular and mass culture. There are several locations associated with Dracula and Bram Stoker related tourism in Ireland, Britain, and Romania. Dracula in popular culture The character of Count Dracula from the 1897 novel ""Dracula"" by Bram Stoker, has remained popular over the years, and many films have used the Count as a villain, while others have named him in their titles, such as ""Dracula's Daughter"", ""The Brides of Dracula"", and ""Dracula's Dog"". ""Dracula"" has enjoyed enormous popularity since its publication and has spawned an extraordinary vampire subculture in the second half of the 20th century. More than 200 films"
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"vampire hunters of the Belmont clan and the immortal vampire Dracula. ""Circle of the Moon""s protagonist, however, is Nathan Graves, whose parents died a decade ago to banish Dracula. Morris Baldwin, who helped in Dracula's banishment, trained him to defeat Dracula and the monsters; Morris ultimately chose him as his successor and gave him the ""Hunter Whip"", to the displeasure of Hugh, Morris' son who trained alongside him. At an old castle, Camilla, a minion of Dracula, revives him, only to be interrupted by the arrival of Morris, Nathan, and Hugh. Before they are able to banish him again, Dracula"
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"Alucard (Hellsing) As revealed in volume 8 of the manga, he is Count Dracula (""Alucard"" is ""Dracula"" spelled backwards). Soon after the events presented in Bram Stoker's original novel, Dracula was defeated by Abraham Van Helsing and became the family's loyal servant. Decades later, Abraham's descendant Arthur Hellsing gives the Count his current name: ""Alucard"". The manga is set over a hundred years later, where the Hellsing Organization is forced to fight the remnants of a Nazi battalion. He typically dresses in a distinctive Victorian and western fashion, with a charcoal suit, leather riding boots, a red cravat, and a"
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"John Seward John ""Jack"" Seward, M.D. is a fictional character appearing in Bram Stoker's 1897 novel ""Dracula"". Seward is the administrator of an insane asylum not far from Count Dracula's first English home, Carfax. Throughout the novel, Seward conducts ambitious interviews with one of his patients, R. M. Renfield, in order to understand better the nature of life-consuming psychosis. As a psychiatrist, Seward enjoys using the most up-to-date equipment, including using a recording phonograph to record his interviews with his patients and his own notes. Several chapters of the novel consist of transcriptions of Seward's phonograph recordings. One of the"
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"walking dead, and that he can only be restrained by killing him with a sword made of yew wood, burying him upside down, surrounding his grave with thorns, and placing a large stone on top of the grave. Since 1958, it has been frequently claimed that the vampiric antagonist of Bram Stoker's novel ""Dracula"" was extensively based on the person of the historic Wallachian ruler Vlad III, also known as Vlad Țepeș (""the Impaler"") after his favored method of punishment and execution. This theory was the central theme of Radu Florescu and Raymond McNally's best-selling 1972 book, ""In Search of"
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"Renfield R. M. Renfield is a fictional character that appears in Bram Stoker's 1897 Gothic horror novel ""Dracula"". A description of Renfield from the novel: R. M. Renfield, 59. Sanguine temperament, great physical strength, morbidly excitable, periods of gloom, ending in some fixed idea which I cannot make out. I presume that the sanguine temperament itself and the disturbing influence end in a mentally-accomplished finish, a possibly dangerous man, probably dangerous if unselfish. In selfish men, caution is as secure an armour for their foes as for themselves. What I think of on this point is, when self is the"
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"greatest anime character of all time, saying that ""There have been many vampires in anime, but none have been as deliciously sadistic as Alucard."" Alucard (Hellsing) As revealed in volume 8 of the manga, he is Count Dracula (""Alucard"" is ""Dracula"" spelled backwards). Soon after the events presented in Bram Stoker's original novel, Dracula was defeated by Abraham Van Helsing and became the family's loyal servant. Decades later, Abraham's descendant Arthur Hellsing gives the Count his current name: ""Alucard"". The manga is set over a hundred years later, where the Hellsing Organization is forced to fight the remnants of a"
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"vampire novel Dracula by Irish author Bram Stoker. Despite the popular image of Count Dracula having a stake driven through his heart at the conclusion of the story, Dracula is actually killed by his heart being pierced by Quincey Morris's Bowie knife and his throat being sliced by Jonathan Harker's kukri knife. Bowie knives appeared in the classic works of Americans Harriet Beecher Stowe and Mark Twain, Englishman Charles Dickens, and Frenchman Jules Verne. The Bowie knife has also appeared in television and cinema such as the largely fictional 1952 Alan Ladd film loosely based on the life of James"
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"to popular belief, the name Dracula does not translate to ""son of the devil"" in Romanian, which would be ""fiul diavolului"". Stoker came across the name Dracula in his reading on Romanian history, and chose this to replace the name (""Count Wampyr"") originally intended for his villain. Some Dracula scholars led by Elizabeth Miller argue that Stoker knew little of the historic Vlad III except for the name ""Dracula"" in addition to a few bits of Romanian history. Stoker mentions that his Dracula fought against the Turks and was later betrayed by his brother, historical facts in the novel which"
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"Count Orlok Count Orlok () is the main antagonist and title character portrayed by German actor Max Schreck (1879–1936) in the classic 1922 silent film ""Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens"". He was based on Bram Stoker's character Count Dracula. In ""Nosferatu"", Count Orlok is a vampire from Transylvania, and is known as ""The Bird of Death"", who feasts upon the blood of living humans. He is believed to have been created by Belial, the lieutenant demon of Satan. Orlok dwells alone in a vast castle hidden among the rugged peaks in a lost corner of the Carpathian Mountains. The castle"
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"on which he was considered an authority. In addition, Leslie Shepard was cited as an expert on the writings of Bram Stoker, Irish author of the 1897 Gothic horror novel ""Dracula"". In collaboration with Albert Power, Shepard publicized and organized the Bram Stoker Society collecting, cataloging, and archiving numerous writings about both Stoker and the mythical Vampire, which the novelist used as the basis for the title character and antagonist 'Count Dracula' in his novel. Leslie Shepard Leslie Shepard (21 June 1917 – 20 August 2004) was a British author, archivist, and curator who wrote books on a range of"
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"pushed back several times. The Transylvanian Saxons were also furious with him for strengthening the borders of Wallachia, which interfered with their stranglehold on the trade routes. In retaliation, the Saxons distributed grotesque poems of cruelty and other propaganda, demonizing Vlad III Dracula as a drinker of blood. These tales strongly influenced an eruption of vampiric fiction throughout the West and, in particular, Germany. As well, some are convinced that the main character in the 1897 Gothic novel ""Dracula"" by Bram Stoker was modelled on Vlad III Dracula but there is no supporting evidence. Stoker borrowed only the name and"
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"Mina Harker Wilhelmina ""Mina"" Harker (née Murray) is a fictional character in Bram Stoker's 1897 Gothic horror novel ""Dracula"". She begins the story as Miss Mina Murray, a young school mistress who is engaged to Jonathan Harker, and best friends with Lucy Westenra. She visits Lucy in Whitby on July 24 of that year, when schools would have closed for the summer. After her fiancé Jonathan escapes from Count Dracula's castle, Mina travels to Budapest and joins him there. Mina cares for him during his recovery from his traumatic encounter with the vampire and his brides, and the two return"
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"the Romanians should be ashamed of Vlad, instead of presenting him as ""a model of courage and patriotism"". According to an opinion poll conducted in 1999, 4.1% of the participants chose Vlad the Impaler as one of ""the most important historical personalities who have influenced the destiny of the Romanians for the better"". The stories about Vlad made him the best-known medieval ruler of the Romanian lands in Europe. However, Bram Stoker's ""Dracula"", which was published in 1897, was the first book to make a connection between Dracula and vampirism. Stoker had his attention drawn to the blood-sucking vampires of"
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"Brides of Dracula The Brides of Dracula are characters in Bram Stoker's 1897 novel ""Dracula"". They are three seductive female vampire ""sisters"" who reside with Count Dracula in his castle in Transylvania, where they entrance men with their beauty and charm, and then proceed to feed upon them. Dracula provides them with victims to devour, mainly infants and children. Like Dracula, they are the living dead, repulsed by religious objects. In chapter three of the novel, two are described as having dark hair, and the other as blonde. In the novel the three vampire women are not individually named. Collectively,"
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"Apocalypse defeats Vlad Tepes (Vlad the Impaler) in Romania, who later becomes the vampire more popularly known as Count Dracula. In 1859, Apocalypse encounters British scientist Nathaniel Essex and learns more about the nature of mutants. Apocalypse uses his Celestial technology to transform Essex into the superhuman being Mister Sinister. He then coerces Sinister and the Hellfire Club into aiding his plans for global conquest, but Sinister concludes that these plans are madness and betrays Apocalypse, forcing him back into hibernation. In 1897, Count Dracula attacks the Clan Akkaba in revenge for his defeat at Apocalypse's hands, forcing the Clan"
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What flour brand has sponsored an annual/semi-annual bake-off since 1949, the winner of which nets a cool $1million?
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"Pillsbury Bake-Off The Pillsbury Bake-Off is a cooking contest, first run by the Pillsbury Company from 1949–1976, 2013 to 2014, and since 2017 as an annual contest. From 1978 to 2012, the contest was held biennially. There was no contest in 2015 to 2016. The first contest was held in 1949 as the Grand National Recipe and Baking Contest and hosted in the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. The grand prize was originally $25,000. From 1996 to 2014, the grand prize was $1,000,000. Since 2017, the grand prize is $50,000 plus a kitchen makeover from GE Appliances. The only required ingredient in the"
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"Flour Mills Company, Limited which subsequently was incorporated in 1935 as Pillsbury Flour Mills Company. In 1949, the company introduced a national baking competition, which would come to be known as the Pillsbury Bake-Off; it was nationally broadcast on CBS for many years. Only seven products used the Pillsbury name in 1950, but the company began adding to its product line. The early 1950s brought the acquisition of Ballard & Ballard Company and the beginning of packaged biscuit dough, which would become one of the company's most important and profitable product lines in later decades. The company began advertising heavily"
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"flour, product mixing and box manufacturing. Martha White is an American brand under which several baking mixes are purveyed. The Martha White brand was established as the premium brand of Nashville, Tennessee-based Royal Flour Mills in 1899. At that time, Nashville businessman Richard Lindsey introduced a fine flour that he named for his daughter, Martha White Lindsey. The Martha White brand is probably most associated with its long-term sponsorship of the Grand Ole Opry, a radio program featuring country music. Auntie Anne's is an American chain of pretzel bakeries that also produces a pretzel baking mix. The chain started as"
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"baking competition. As of February 2018, Sol Orwell retired his #cookielife after receiving over 200 cookies in the mail. In July 2018, Orwell hosted his Toronto Chocolate Chip Cookie Off, raising over $100,000 for charity. In 2017, Orwell began to harness #cookielife for philanthropy by hosting another Cookie Off in New York City, inviting 33 bakers to compete and donating the proceeds from ticket sales to charity. The event raised $30,000 for She's the First, a charity supporting girls' education in developing economies. In 2018, Sol Orwell hosted a chocolate chip cookie off in Toronto that raised over $100,000 Orwell"
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"gallons of water, and a bake time of 10 hours. It was cooked at the New York State Fair and was sliced and served to onlookers, who were encouraged to make donations to benefit local food banks. Bruegger's Bruegger's Enterprises, Inc. is a restaurant operator and subsidiary of the Luxembourg-based company JAB Holding Company. It and its wholly owned subsidiary Threecaf Brands Canada, Inc., are franchisers and operators of Bruegger's bakery-cafés, Timothy's World Coffee, mmmuffins, and Michel's Baguette. They produce approximately 70 million bagels each year, and they hold the Guinness World Record for producing the world's largest bagel. The"
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"1 million pounds of bread every week. Brownberry made $115 million in 2013. Brownberry (bakery) Brownberry is a bakery in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, United States. The bakery was established in 1946, and is best known for its wheat bread. The company has changed management several times, and as of 2014 is owned by Bimbo Bakeries USA Brownberry was created by Catherine Clark in 1946. Catherine was baking bread for her family and friends. Clark’s friends and family urged her to sell the bread. Catherine Clark and her husband mortgaged their home for $7,000 to become Brownberry Ovens. Catherine Clark came up"
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"many years. Niagara by Frey: Formerly called Niagara Chocolates, the original chocolate brand is sold mainly locally in Western New York. Many of the products are well liked due to the company’s long history in Fundraising. Ovation by Frey: Acquired from Hershey in 2003 this innovative brand offers filled break-a-parts and sticks in various flavors. Oak Leaf: High quality gumballs, jawbreakers and candy with various flavors and colors have been sold under the name Oak Leaf for over 40 years. With Niagara by Frey (formerly Niagara Chocolates) SweetWorks has a long tradition in Fundraising. Twice a year for Easter and"
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"sold at a charity auction for $825. Broadbent is the most decorated company in the history of the show, and as of 2001, the only company to win Grand Champion two years in a row. Broadbent's Broadbent's are makers of award-winning country ham, bacon and sausage from Kentucky, United States. In 2009 the firm celebrated its 100th Anniversary. Broadbent hams can be found nationwide at a wide variety of area gourmet food stores. Broadbent's claim ""the most awarded country hams in the state of Kentucky,"" including Grand Champion. As of 2006, the company held a record for 12 Grand Champion"
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"the Pura Cup the following season. ""Pura"" is a brand name of National Foods, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Philippines-based San Miguel Corporation. The sponsorship increased total annual prize money to A$220,000, with the winners receiving A$75,000 and the runners up A$45,000. On 16 July 2008 it was announced that Weet-Bix would take over sponsorship of the competition from the start of the 2008–09 season, and that the name would revert to the ""Sheffield Shield"" or the ""Sheffield Shield presented by Weet-Bix"". Weet-bix is a cereal biscuit manufactured by Sanitarium Health Food Company. In the 2017-18 season, JLT took"
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"and packaging slogan of """"Good on you, Mum. Tip Top's the One"""", which was used for 13 years before being replaced with the new slogan, """"Australia's Favourite Bread"""", in December 2010. But the Original Slogan returned in a 2011 campaign. Tip Top Bakeries Tip Top Bakeries is an Australasian manufacturer of bread products owned by George Weston Foods, a subsidiary of multinational food giant Associated British Foods. Tip Top® Bakeries was formed in 1949 when George Weston (Australia) Pty Ltd acquired two Australian bakeries. These were the Sydney-based, publicly listed Gartrell White Limited, the largest baker in Australia and Golden"
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"enough of a profit to purchase Berger's from the Russell family in 1969. Charles' son, Charles DeBaufre Jr., purchased part of the business in 1978. Charles Sr. died in 1988 leaving ownership to Benjamin, Charles Jr., and John Koehler. Charles Jr. became the sole proprietor of Berger Cookies in 1994 when Benjamin retired. The Berger cookie is well known for its thick chocolate frosting layered on top of a shortbread cookie. The recipe has won several awards around the Baltimore area including the 2011 ""Best of Baltimore Award"" and the ""Best Cookie"" award in 2011. The product has also been"
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"of bread on Easter Sunday, and continue to be made and eaten for the weeks following. Creating the flaounes can often be a family tradition shared with multiple generations. The Guinness World Records holds a record for the largest flaouna ever made. It was set on 11 April 2012 by the company Carrefour in Limassol. The pastry measured long and wide, weighing . As part of the celebrations, 20 percent of sales of flaounes in Carrefour stores on the day in Cyprus, went to charity. Flaounes were featured as a technical challenge in ""The Great British Bake Off"" pastry week"
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"Martha White Martha White is a U.S. brand of flour, cornmeal, cornbread mixes, cake mixes, muffin mixes, and similar products. The Martha White brand was established as the premium brand of Nashville, Tennessee-based Royal Flour Mills in 1899. At that time, Nashville businessman Richard Lindsey introduced a fine flour that he named for his daughter, Martha White Lindsey. The Martha White brand is probably most associated with its long-term sponsorship of the Grand Ole Opry, a radio program featuring country music. The relationship began in 1948, and has existed continuously since then, making it one of the longest continually running"
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"competition is open to amateur, professional, and commercial bakers. As an example of typical categories, the categories at the 2014 competition were: The APC also sponsors or promotes other pie-centric events throughout the year. The APC council also conducts surveys of pie consumption. APC research has shown that Apple is Americans' favorite pie, that 59% of Americans consider pie an appropriate late-night snack, and that 20% of Americans have eaten an entire pie. National Pie Day, which is held annually on January 23, is now sponsored by the APC since 1986. The holiday was started in the mid-1970s by Boulder,"
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"the company's chairman, who had twice ridden in the Grand National as an amateur jockey. It was the first commercial sponsorship in British sport, and the longest-running until it ended in 2001. In recent years the race has been sponsored by At the Races (2002–03), Betfred (2004–07) and Bet365 (2008–). The record for the longest-running sponsorship of a British horse race is now held by the Hennessy Gold Cup, which was launched seven months after the ""Whitbread"" and was sponsored by Hennessy until the 2016 running. The Bet365 Gold Cup takes place at a meeting which features both jump and"
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"The show also challenged its contestants to create cupcakes with unusual ingredients with the winning team receiving $10,000. Each team consisted of a chef and a sous-chef. Cupcake Wars began airing its 8th season on March 3, 2013. Bellanger was named one of the 10 Best Pastry Chefs in America in 2003 and 2004 by ""Pastry Art & Design"" magazine. In 2000 and 2001, the James Beard Foundation acclaimed Bellanger's accomplishments with a nomination for ""Outstanding Pastry Chef."" He is also the Jury President of the US Pastry Competition which is held every February in NYC, and has been featured"
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"winning chocolate farm offering tours from Monday to Friday, at 11am, 1pm and 3pm. The Welsh Chocolate Farm is run by the Alan Jones family, the chocolates are based on Victorian recipes discovered in a battered old notebook belonging to their grandmother Alice Pemberton, the recipes have been handed down three generations, the business is run from an old hill farm, with chocolate workshops in the farm buildings producing around 200 different products. The chocolates are described as being at the ‘top of the “non-snob” market.’ Mario’s Ice Cream, produced by Mario Dalavalle, a third generation ice-cream maker, was awarded"
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"January 12, 2017, after eight weeks of competition, Amanda Faber won the season with Stephanie Chen as runner-up. This is the first season in ""Bake Off"" history to have two voluntary exits and a final two instead of a final three on finale week. Color key: In their first signature bake, the ten bakers created a winter-themed Bundt cake in under two hours. The cakes required a swirl or filling on the inside, with frosting and lace on the outside. Mary Berry's apple almond cake served as the first technical bake of the season. Lastly, in the showstopper, the bakers"
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"as Hansens in Folkingham. In 2013 Redstar Chocolate's ""Duffy's Venezuela Ocumare Milk"" won a Gold medal as best bean-to-bar. The factory is in Cleethorpes. Every year the Lincolnshire Agricultural Society, founded in 1869, stages the Lincolnshire Agricultural Show. It is held on the Wednesday and Thursday of the last whole week of June at its showground at Grange de Lings, a few miles north of Lincoln on the A15. The show was first held here in 1958. First held around the year 1884, it is one of the largest agricultural shows in the country, and is attended by around 100,000"
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"In every episode, bakeries competed in regional heats, with rounds including the ""Speciality Bake"" and ""Baker's Dozen"", with the daily winners advancing to cook a ""Judge's Choice Cake"" in the regional finals on Friday. National finals in the last week featured challenges such as ""Chelsea buns for the Chelsea Pensioners"", and a great wedding cake from someone British. The first series was won by Hambleton Bakery. The second series was won by brother and sister, David and Lindsay Wright, from The Cake Shop Bakery from Woodbridge in Suffolk. The format has been adapted in France, Portugal, Germany, Finland and Italy."
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"must fit a new theme presented (usually in the same vein as the pre-heat theme). One baker is eliminated every episode except for the last one. In the finale it's down to the final three or four contestants competing in a winner-take-all final round. The winner gets $25,000. Unlike its sister show, Holiday Baking Championship, the panel of judges has changed each of the first three seasons (with the exception of Carla Hall). In each episode, the judges come out dressed in costume for the Main Heat, to keep with the spirit of Halloween. The first season was hosted by"
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"Frosted Flakes Frosted Flakes or Frosties is a breakfast cereal, produced by the Kellogg Company and consisting of sugar-coated corn flakes. It was introduced in the United States in 1952, as Sugar Frosted Flakes. The word ""sugar"" was dropped from the name in 1983. Generic versions, such as store brands, are also available. Unlike many cereals (Cheerios and Rice Krispies, for example), Frosted Flakes shares its name with generic competitors. Frosted Flakes was the second best selling cereal in the first half of 2017 within the US in gross sales, after Honey Nut Cheerios. Tony the Tiger has been the"
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"Sunbeam Bread Sunbeam Bread is a franchised brand of white bread, rolls, and other baked goods owned by the Quality Bakers of America cooperative. The bread products are produced and distributed by regional bakeries. The brand was launched in 1942 and was first marketed in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Annual sales of the branded bread products exceed $400 million. Sunbeam's long-time mascot is called Little Miss Sunbeam. In 1942, illustrator Ellen Barbara Segner was commissioned by the Quality Bakers of America to create a marketing symbol of a young child. Over six months she submitted hundreds of sketches before coming across"
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"Arthur Flour Company, which makes premium-quality cake mixes, continued to produce 22-ounce cake mixes. Arrowhead Mills is a brand of organic baking mixes, cereals, grains and nut butters. The company was founded in 1960 by nutritionist Frank Ford in Hereford, the seat of Deaf Smith County in the southern Texas Panhandle west of Amarillo, Texas. Many Arrowhead Mills products are certified at least 70 percent organic by the Texas Department of Agriculture (TDA) or Pro-Cert Organic Systems. Atkins Nutritionals produces an all-purpose baking mix, along with several other foods. Dr. Atkins founded Atkins Nutritionals, Inc. in 1989 to promote the"
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"Trophy and may call themselves ""Best Bolus Baker"" for a year. Some of the winners were: Iman Izeboud from Koudekerke (2002), Jan Dees from Zaamslag (he won in 1989, 2004 and 2009), mr. Bliek from Middelburg (2005), Wilfred Droppers from Zierikzee (2007) mr. Voordijk from Goes, 2008. The bolus is seen as an originally Jewish pastry and has been spread all over the globe during the diaspora. Boluses also get sold in Jerusalem, Moscow and in Paris and the south of France. The word bolus comes from Yiddish. The Dutch Van Dale etymological dictionary says that the word bolus or"
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"again, concerned by the internal arguments that had bedevilled the BLRC from the start. The 1950 race was sponsored by ""Sporting Record"", another newspaper, followed by the ""Daily Express"" in 1951. The cycling official John Dennis said in 2002: Sponsorship was taken up by the makers of Quaker Oats in 1954, and then in 1958 by the Milk Marketing Board. The Milk Marketing Board (MMB) was a sales monopoly for dairy farmers in England and Wales. A semi-professional cyclist from Derby, Dave Orford, asked the MMB to pay for ""Drink more milk"" to be embroidered on the jersey of every"
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"one time was produced exclusively in Croisy-sur-Eure, France, by the Boursin company. In 1990, the Boursin name was acquired by Unilever, which sold it to Groupe Bel in November 2007 for €400 million. The brand was advertised on television using the slogan: « ""Du pain, du vin, du Boursin"" » (English: ""Some bread, some wine, some Boursin""). Later this slogan was replaced with « ""Du pain, du Boursin, on est bien"" » (""Some bread, some Boursin, we are good."") Boursin cheese Boursin is a brand of Gournay cheese. It is a soft creamy cheese available in a variety of flavours,"
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"Délifrance Délifrance is a bakery company that produces ""French style"" bakery, savoury and snacking products in over 100 countries on five continents. It has been in operation since 1983. The sister company of Délifrance is ""Grands Moulins de Paris,"" which is a major French milling company and supplies 100% of the flour used in Délifrance's products. Délifrance has 12 subsidiaries in Europe and the Middle East. Its restaurants serve ""French style"" baked products such as croissants, gâteaux, fougasses, pains au chocolat, brioches, crisp praline, and baguettes. Most Délifrance restaurants also serve beverages, coffee and pasta. In 1997 Sembawang Corporation Limited"
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"two major players in the San Francisco Bay bread industry. In 2009, Semifreddi’s moved into a 33,000 square foot facility, where the bakery recycles 95 percent of its waste. It operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, for all 52 weeks of the year. The bakery utilizes over 25 different recipes and bakes more than 50 different artisan breads and pastries. In a typical week, Semifreddi’s bakes and delivers over 200,000 baguettes, rolls, and loaves and 40,000 pastries and cookies a week. Semifreddi’s sells to grocery stores, restaurants, and cafés throughout the bay area. Semifreddi’s bakes French and"
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"cookies per day. Another large manufacturer are Baily International in the Midwest and Peking Noodle in the Los Angeles area. There are other smaller, local manufacturers including Tsue Chong Co. in Seattle, Keefer Court Food in Minneapolis and Sunrise Fortune Cookie in Philadelphia. Many smaller companies will also sell custom fortunes. Authorities briefly investigated Wonton Food Inc. in 2005, after 110 Powerball lottery players won about $19 million after using the ""lucky numbers"" on the back of fortunes. Manufacturing processes vary between plants but they generally follow the same procedure. The ingredients (typically made with a base of flour, sugar,"
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"late October there are over 800 signatures on a Change.org petition for Bush's to give Foster a lifetime supply of 'thos beans.' Bush Brothers and Company Bush Brothers & Company is a family-owned corporation best known for its Bush's Best brand canned baked beans. The company produces approximately 80 percent of the canned baked beans consumed in the United States, representing estimated annual sales in excess of $400 million and the processing of more than 55 million pounds of beans per year. In addition, the company also offers other canned beans (black, garbanzo, pinto, and refried), as well as peas,"
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"Tip Top Bakeries Tip Top Bakeries is an Australasian manufacturer of bread products owned by George Weston Foods, a subsidiary of multinational food giant Associated British Foods. Tip Top® Bakeries was formed in 1949 when George Weston (Australia) Pty Ltd acquired two Australian bakeries. These were the Sydney-based, publicly listed Gartrell White Limited, the largest baker in Australia and Golden Crust Bakery of Adelaide, the largest bakers in South Australia. Over the years, Tip Top Bakeries have acquired, built and rebuilt bakeries in Queensland, Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia. The initial logo for"
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"Federation of Bakers The Federation of Bakers is the main industry trade organisation in the UK for large-scale (industrial) baking of bread. The equivalent of around 11 million loaves of bread are sold in the UK each day. Large bread baking companies in the UK produce around 80% of bread sold (by value), and around 75% comes from three main companies; in-store bakeries produce around 17%; and craft bakers produce the rest. The FOB was established in 1942 to help with the rationing of bread, called the National Loaf. The industry is worth £3.5bn, with around 20,000 employees. There are"
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Served in a traditional cocktail glass, what drink consists of equal parts brandy (or cognac), Contreau, and lemon juice?
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"the drink to an American army captain in Paris during World War I and named after the motorcycle sidecar that the captain used. Both MacElhone and Vermiere state the recipe as equal parts cognac, Cointreau, and lemon juice, now known as ""the French school"". Later, an ""English school"" of sidecars emerged, as found in the ""Savoy Cocktail Book"" (1930), which call for two parts cognac and one part each of Cointreau and lemon juice. According to Embury, the original sidecar had several ingredients, which were ""refined away"". Embury also states the drink is simply a daiquiri with brandy as its"
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"Cocktail glass A cocktail glass is a stemmed glass with an inverted cone bowl, mainly used to serve straight-up cocktails. The term cocktail glass is often used interchangeably with martini glass, despite them differing slightly. Today, the glass is used to serve a variety of cocktails, such as the Martini and its variations (French Martini, Vodka Martini, Espresso Martini, Appletini), Manhattan, Brandy Alexander, Pisco Sour, Negroni, Cosmopolitan, Gimlet, and the Grasshopper. Invented in the late 19th century, its form derives from the fact that all cocktails are traditionally served chilled and contain an aromatic element. Thus, the stem allows the"
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"A standard cocktail glass contains , though originally they were around in size. Oversized cocktail glasses, ranging in capacity from to large glasses of or more are available. Cocktail glass A cocktail glass is a stemmed glass with an inverted cone bowl, mainly used to serve straight-up cocktails. The term cocktail glass is often used interchangeably with martini glass, despite them differing slightly. Today, the glass is used to serve a variety of cocktails, such as the Martini and its variations (French Martini, Vodka Martini, Espresso Martini, Appletini), Manhattan, Brandy Alexander, Pisco Sour, Negroni, Cosmopolitan, Gimlet, and the Grasshopper. Invented"
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"Clover Club Cocktail The Clover Club Cocktail is a cocktail consisting of gin, lemon juice, raspberry syrup, and an egg white. The egg white is not added for the purpose of giving the drink flavor, but rather acts as an emulsifier. Thus when the drink is shaken a characteristic foamy head is formed. It was first made by Zlatko Roskos a Slovakian bartender in 1997 in Bratislava. The Clover Club Cocktail is a drink that pre-dates Prohibition in the United States, and is named for the Philadelphia men's club of the same name, which met in the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel on"
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"Hand Grenade (cocktail) The Hand Grenade is a specialty cocktail drink sold frozen or on the rocks exclusively through five licensed nightclub bars in the New Orleans French Quarter. Pam Fortner and Earl Bernhardt, owners of the Tropical Isle bar founded during the 1984 Louisiana World Exposition, created the melon-flavored Hand Grenade as their signature cocktail. Since January 1992, the Hand Grenade has been served in a green, translucent, plastic yard glass container with a bulbous, textured base shaped like an oversized hand grenade. Five French Quarter bars sell the Hand Grenade. Cocktail enthusiasts' opinions about the sweet and potent"
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"Saint Clement's (cocktail) The Saint Clement's is a non-alcoholic cocktail. Though the ingredients may vary, it consists of orange juice mixed with bitter lemon, usually in equal proportions; the name of the drink refers to the English nursery rhyme Oranges and Lemons. The drink is therefore named (indirectly) after either St Clement Eastcheap or St Clement Danes, both churches in London. The traditional recipe calls for equal parts orange juice and lemon juice served over ice in a highball glass. There are many variations, in which the lemon juice is replaced with a sweeter drink (like lemonade), or even a"
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"the 1980s. A lemon twist is sometimes used to garnish. Cosmopolitan (cocktail) A cosmopolitan, or informally a cosmo, is a cocktail made with vodka, triple sec, cranberry juice, and freshly squeezed or sweetened lime juice. The International Bartenders Association recipe is based on vodka citron, lemon-flavored vodka. The cosmopolitan is a relative of cranberry coolers like the Cape Codder. Though often presented far differently, the cosmopolitan also bears a likeness in composition to the kamikaze cocktail. The origin of the cosmopolitan is disputed. While the cocktail is widely perceived to be a more modern creation, there is a strikingly similar"
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"in a large cocktail glass, also called a ""martini glass"". For this reason, the drink is sometimes mistakenly categorized as a type of martini. The use of citrus flavored vodka as the basis for this cocktail appears to have been widely popularized in the mid 1990s by Dale DeGroff and is used in the IBA approved recipe. However, many bartenders continue to use a standard unflavored vodka and this alternative would undoubtedly be historically consistent with any of the supposed predecessors of this drink that were popular in Ohio, Provincetown, or Minneapolis during the 1970s, or in San Francisco during"
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"According to the recipe in Harry MacElhone's book ""Harry's ABC of Mixing Cocktails,"" a French 75 is supposed to be served in a highball glass. The Highball glass, which the Tom Collins Cocktail is also served in, would support the theory of French 75 being a variation of the Tom Collins. French 75 (cocktail) French 75 is a cocktail made from gin, Champagne, lemon juice, and sugar. It is also called a 75 Cocktail, or in French simply a ""Soixante Quinze"" (Seventy Five). The drink dates to World War I, and an early form was created in 1915 at the"
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"carbonated citrus-flavored soft drink (like Sprite, 7-Up, or Fanta Lemon). Saint Clement's (cocktail) The Saint Clement's is a non-alcoholic cocktail. Though the ingredients may vary, it consists of orange juice mixed with bitter lemon, usually in equal proportions; the name of the drink refers to the English nursery rhyme Oranges and Lemons. The drink is therefore named (indirectly) after either St Clement Eastcheap or St Clement Danes, both churches in London. The traditional recipe calls for equal parts orange juice and lemon juice served over ice in a highball glass. There are many variations, in which the lemon juice is"
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"Cointreau Cointreau () is a brand of triple sec (an orange-flavoured liqueur) produced in Saint-Barthélemy-d'Anjou, France. It is drunk as an apéritif and digestif, and is a component of several well-known cocktails. It was originally called ""Curaçao Blanco Triple Sec"". Cointreau Distillery was set up in 1849 by Adolphe Cointreau, a confectioner, and his brother Edouard-Jean Cointreau. Their first success was with the cherry liqueur guignolet, but they found success when they blended sweet and bitter orange peels and pure alcohol from sugar beets. The first bottles of Cointreau were sold in 1875. An estimated 13 million bottles are sold"
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"is pressed to obtain the natural sugars and juice. The fruit-infused spirits and juices from the final pressing are then combined, and finally, the berry infusion is married with a proprietary blend of cognac, natural vanilla extract, black raspberries, citrus peel, honey, and herbs and spices. The liqueur is 16.5% alcohol by volume. Chambord comes in a spherical bottle. Until mid-2010, the bottle came with a metallic gold plastic lettered 'belt' around the middle, and a crown atop its lid. The bottle was modeled after a Globus cruciger. In the U.S. market, the manufacturer began using a different bottle design"
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"de menthe. The mixture was originally stirred, although modern recipes call for it to be shaken with cracked ice. Early recipes required that the Stinger be served straight, but since the end of Prohibition in the United States it became more common for it to be served over crushed ice. Cognac, a type of brandy, was the identified as the basis for the Stinger as early as William ""Cocktail"" Boothby's 1905 supplement to his 1900 book, ""American Bar-Tender"". In the 21st century, cognac was the most commonly used brandy cited by recipes for the Stinger's base liquor. Cocktail guides recommend"
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"ice in a salt-rimmed glass. However, Thomson's recipe was made with Damiana Liqueur, not Cointreau orange liqueur. It is said that the idea was an experiment after running out of rum while making frozen daiquiris. The IBA (IBA Official list of Cocktails) standard is 7:4:3, that is, 50% tequila, 29% Cointreau, 21% fresh lime juice. The ""Original Margarita"" recipe as given by Cointreau on their website has slightly less of their own sweet liqueur: 1 part white tequila, part Cointreau, and part fresh squeezed lime juice. Besides Cointreau, other orange-flavored liqueurs that might be used include Grand Marnier (yielding the"
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"Cosmopolitan (cocktail) A cosmopolitan, or informally a cosmo, is a cocktail made with vodka, triple sec, cranberry juice, and freshly squeezed or sweetened lime juice. The International Bartenders Association recipe is based on vodka citron, lemon-flavored vodka. The cosmopolitan is a relative of cranberry coolers like the Cape Codder. Though often presented far differently, the cosmopolitan also bears a likeness in composition to the kamikaze cocktail. The origin of the cosmopolitan is disputed. While the cocktail is widely perceived to be a more modern creation, there is a strikingly similar recipe for a cosmopolitan which appears in ""Pioneers of Mixing"
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"Alexander (cocktail) The Alexander is a cocktail consisting of some form of alcohol, Cocoa Liqueur (Crème de cacao), and cream. Alexander Cocktail Twist of orange peel. Stir and serve. Alexander Cocktail Shake well in a mixing glass with cracked ice, strain and serve. The most common variation of the Alexander is the Brandy Alexander, made with brandy. Similarly, a Coffee Alexander substitutes coffee liqueur (such as Kahlúa) for gin, and a Blue Alexander substitutes blue Curaçao for crème de cacao. Other variations exist. In ""Jack's Manual"" (1910) there is another cocktail called The Alexander which is a mixture of rye"
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"the first distilled spirit made in the new world. As there were no glass bottles in the 16th century, the brandy was shipped in ceramic (clay) containers sealed with beeswax. The drink originated in Lima, Perú in 2008; the cocktail gained popularity by the end of 2012, and is now enjoyed in most countries Peruvian pisco and elderflower liquor are available. In a cocktail glass filled with ice, pour in 45ml Pisco, 30ml elderflower liqueur (such as St Germain) and 20ml lime juice. The cocktail should not be confused with the brand of pisco. Although it can be made with"
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"that it be served in a cocktail glass if served straight, or in a rocks glass if served with ice. The Amaretto Stinger uses a 3-to-1 ratio of amaretto to white crème de menthe, while an Irish Stinger uses equal parts Irish cream liqueur and white crème de menthe. The Mexican Stinger substitutes tequila for brandy. A ""Vodka Stinger"", also known as a White Spider, uses vodka instead of brandy. A White Way Cocktail, which celebrates Broadway theatre, is a Stinger made with gin rather than brandy. Mixologists Oliver Said and James Mellgren cite a cocktail known as the Stinger"
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"French 75 (cocktail) French 75 is a cocktail made from gin, Champagne, lemon juice, and sugar. It is also called a 75 Cocktail, or in French simply a ""Soixante Quinze"" (Seventy Five). The drink dates to World War I, and an early form was created in 1915 at the New York Bar in Paris—later Harry's New York Bar—by barman Harry MacElhone. The combination was said to have such a kick that it felt like being shelled with the powerful French 75mm field gun. The drink with its current name and recipe developed over the 1920s, though similar drinks date to"
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"Brandy Brandy is a spirit produced by distilling wine. Brandy generally contains 35–60% alcohol by volume (70–120 US proof) and is typically drunk as an after-dinner digestif. Some brandies are aged in wooden casks, others are coloured with caramel colouring to imitate the effect of aging, and some are produced using a combination of both aging and colouring. Varieties of wine brandy can be found across the winemaking world. Among the most renowned are Cognac and Armagnac from southwestern France. In a broader sense, the term ""brandy"" also denotes liquors obtained from the distillation of pomace (yielding pomace brandy), or"
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"prepared lemon juice. Some versions are prepared using the juice from Meyer lemons. Cointreau-brand triple sec is used in some versions, and it may be prepared using a simple syrup that has been infused with lemon juice. Some versions are prepared using sour mix, a cocktail mixer. A garnish of a sliced lemon wheel, wedge, zest, rind or a lemon twist is sometimes used. Additional ingredients may also be used in the drink's preparation, such as ginger syrup and lavender extract. A lemon drop is typically prepared straight up, meaning that it is shaken or stirred with ice, strained, and"
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"restaurants in the United States, and in such establishments in other areas of the world. A lemon drop is a cocktail with a lemony, sweet and sour flavor, whereby the sweet and sour ingredients serve to contrast and balance one another. It is a vodka-based cocktail that is prepared with the addition of lemon juice, triple sec and simple syrup. Plain or citrus-flavored vodka may be used in its preparation, such as citron vodka. Lemon-flavored vodka is also sometimes used. Lemon juice that has been freshly squeezed may be used, which can produce a superior drink compared to using commercially"
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"Stinger (cocktail) A Stinger is a duo cocktail made by adding crème de menthe to brandy (although recipes vary). The cocktail's origins can be traced to the United States in the 1890s, and the beverage remained widely popular in America until the 1970s. It was seen as a drink of the upper class, and has had a somewhat wide cultural impact. The Stinger originated about 1890. The cocktail may have been derived from The Judge, a cocktail made with brandy, crème de menthe, and simple syrup found in William Schmidt's 1892 cocktail book ""The Flowing Bowl"". It was immediately popular"
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"cinnamon, toasted coffee beans, saffron, mint, lemon leaves, mandarin leaves, thyme blossoms, and marjoram in a bottle. 'White Unsweetened Centerbe' is an ingredient in the forgotten (presumably French) Coup de Foudre ['Love Struck'] cocktail, included in the United Kingdom Bartenders Guild's '1700 Cocktails' (1934). Verbatim, the recipe is: 1/3 White Unsweetened Centerbe', 1/3 Red Curaçao, 1/3 Coates Plymouth Gin. Serve with a small piece of candied orange peel. 'Unsweetened' suggests that, at that time, a strictly medicinal version of Centerbe was available, perhaps similar to the homemade recipe above without the sugar syrup. Alternatively, many of the 18th century sweet"
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"the 19th century. In the 19th century, the ""Champagne cup"" was a popular cocktail, consisting of champagne, lemon juice, sugar, and ice. Gin was sometimes added, yielding a drink much like the French 75. The drink was first recorded as the 75 in ""Harry's ABC of Mixing Cocktails"", 1922 edition, by Harry MacElhone, and in the same year in Robert Vermeire's ""Cocktails: How to Mix Them,"" which credits the drink to MacElhone. However, the recipes differed from the current form – MacElhone's version consisted of Calvados, gin, grenadine, and absinthe, while Vermeire added lemon juice. The recipe took its now-classic"
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"Night"", the protagonist suspects that an overly flattering article in the ""Herald Tribune"" about his neighbor was ""written by a pansy full of Brandy Alexanders."" Brandy Alexander A Brandy Alexander is a brandy-based cocktail consisting of cognac, crème de cacao, and cream that became popular during the early 20th century. It is a variation of an earlier, gin-based cocktail called simply an Alexander. There are many rumors about its origins. Some sources say it was created at the time of the London wedding of Princess Mary and Viscount Lascelles in 1922. Drama critic and Algonquin Round Table member Alexander Woollcott"
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"Brandy Alexander A Brandy Alexander is a brandy-based cocktail consisting of cognac, crème de cacao, and cream that became popular during the early 20th century. It is a variation of an earlier, gin-based cocktail called simply an Alexander. There are many rumors about its origins. Some sources say it was created at the time of the London wedding of Princess Mary and Viscount Lascelles in 1922. Drama critic and Algonquin Round Table member Alexander Woollcott claimed that it was named after him. Other sources say it was named after the Russian tsar Alexander II. The drink was possibly named after"
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"or coupe glass, and served with an orange slice or twist. It may also be served with ice in an old fashioned glass. It has a rich flavour with a mild bitterness. Toronto (cocktail) The Toronto is a dry, rich, and mildly bitter cocktail consisting of Canadian whisky, Fernet-Branca, angostura bitters, and either sugar or simple syrup. An article in Gizmodo by Brent Rose describes it as the ""most popular legit cocktail that uses fernet"". It is named after the Canadian city of Toronto. It was first recorded as the ""Fernet Cocktail"" in Robert Vermeire's 1922 edition of ""Cocktails: How"
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"the cocktail contains no ice and is served ""straight up"". The cocktail has a pale greenish color, primarily due to the Chartreuse. Audrey Saunders of the Pegu Bar in New York City considers it one of her bar's best cocktails and describes its taste as follows: The taste may also vary slightly depending on the brand of gin being used. The original cocktail at the Detroit Athletic Club during the prohibition era used bathtub gin, and even today the club is using its own recreation of ""prohibition era bathtub gin"" (vodka, spices, herbs, citrus) for it. Some variations of the"
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"Cognac Cognac ( or ; ) is a variety of brandy named after the town of Cognac, France. It is produced in the surrounding wine-growing region in the departments of Charente and Charente-Maritime. Cognac production falls under French Appellation d'origine contrôlée designation, with production methods and naming required to meet certain legal requirements. Among the specified grapes Ugni blanc, known locally as Saint-Emilion, is most widely used. The brandy must be twice distilled in copper pot stills and aged at least two years in French oak barrels from Limousin or Tronçais. Cognac matures in the same way as whiskies and"
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"invented a few years earlier in London, which has twice as much champagne as orange juice. The Poinsettia is cranberry juice with champagne (sometimes with vodka and/or Cointreau). The Soleil is made with pineapple juice. The Megmosa is a similar type of cocktail, composed of equal parts champagne and grapefruit juice. Mimosa (cocktail) A mimosa cocktail is composed of one part champagne (or other sparkling wine) and one part chilled citrus juice, usually orange juice unless otherwise specified. It is traditionally served in a tall champagne flute at brunch, at weddings, by the pint, or as part of first class"
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"Chicago Cocktail The Chicago Cocktail is a brandy-based mixed drink probably named for the city of Chicago, Illinois. It has been documented in numerous cocktail manuals dating back to the 19th century. Chicago restaurant critic John Drury included it in his 1931 guide ""Dining in Chicago"", noting that it had been served at the American Bar in Nice and the Embassy Club in London. Whether it originated in Chicago is unknown. Recipes call for brandy; orange-flavored liqueur, such as curacao or triple sec; and bitters, stirred or shaken with ice, which may or may not be strained out afterward. In"
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"cocktail, with two parts cognac, one part Calvados or equivalent apple brandy, and one part sweet vermouth. The Corpse Reviver #2 is the more popular of the corpse revivers, and consists of equal parts gin, lemon juice, curaçao (commonly Cointreau), Kina Lillet (now usually replaced with Cocchi Americano, as a closer match to Kina Lillet than modern Lillet Blanc), and a dash of absinthe. The dash of absinthe can either be added to the mix before shaking, or added to the cocktail glass and moved around until the glass has been coated with a layer of absinthe to give a"
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According to the nursery rhyme, who “stole a pig and away did run”?
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"the Hills and Far Away"", in which the hero is called Tom. Tom, Tom, the Piper's Son ""Tom, Tom, the Piper's Son"" is a popular English language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 19621. Modern versions of the rhyme include: The 'pig' mentioned in the song is almost certainly not a live animal but rather a kind of pastry, often made with an apple filling, smaller than a pie. Another version of the rhyme is: This rhyme is often conflated with a separate and longer rhyme: Both rhymes were first printed separately in a ""Tom"
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"the broken English is ""clever but never too cute"" and that ""[Grunk's] observations make a certain sense—and his matter-of-fact reporting has an awesome clarity..."" Lost Pig Lost Pig is a comedic work of interactive fiction about an orc retrieving a pig that escaped from a pig farm. It was written by ""Admiral Jota"". It took first place in the 2007 Interactive Fiction Competition with an average score of 8.27. ""Lost Pig"" won best game, best writing, best individual non-player character, and best individual player character in the 2007 XYZZY Awards. ""Lost Pig"" finished with 18.7% of the votes for the"
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"off but in the course of their escape they come across a grocer in a cart who recognises Pig-wig as the recently stolen pig for whom a reward has been issued. By being co-operative, and with Pigling Bland faking a limp, the two pigs manage to gain time and, once the grocer is at a safe distance, flee to the county boundary and finally, over the hills and far away, where they dance to celebrate their new-found freedom. Beatrix Potter owned a farm called Hill Top which she had bought thanks to the success of her early books. The farm"
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"threw the bag into the sea. When the thieves later saw the shoemaker with the herd of pigs, he told them there were pigs in the sea and they had to tie a stone around their necks to make sure they reached those depths. They did so and drowned. The Cunning Shoemaker The Cunning Shoemaker is an Italian fairy tale collected by Laura Gonzenbach in ""Sicilianische Mahrchen"". Andrew Lang included it in ""The Pink Fairy Book"". A shoemaker left his home and went to another town to make money. He earned enough to buy a donkey and headed home, but"
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"Lost Pig Lost Pig is a comedic work of interactive fiction about an orc retrieving a pig that escaped from a pig farm. It was written by ""Admiral Jota"". It took first place in the 2007 Interactive Fiction Competition with an average score of 8.27. ""Lost Pig"" won best game, best writing, best individual non-player character, and best individual player character in the 2007 XYZZY Awards. ""Lost Pig"" finished with 18.7% of the votes for the Audience Award in the interactive fiction category in the 2008 Jay Is Games Best of Casual Gameplay awards, placing it second after ""Violet"". The"
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"the bard perceives the truth and declines to trade his harp. Arawn strikes and shatters it, which does not gain its music, and Menwy laughs in defiance. ""The Lord of Death fled in terror of life."" The warrior Coll has retired to farming. Horsemen steal his white pig Hen Wen and he follows on foot until he must rest under a hazelnut tree, whose fruit he eats. He rescues a baby owl and learns from its father that every nut he has eaten is ""a day given you to understand the speech of birds and animals"". The owl joins his"
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"Tamworth Two The Tamworth Two were a pair of pigs that escaped while being unloaded from a lorry at an abattoir in the English town of Malmesbury, Wiltshire in January 1998. The pigs (later named Butch and Sundance after ""Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid"") were on the run for more than a week, and the search for them caused a huge media sensation, as well as immense public interest, both in Britain and abroad. Butch (a sow) and Sundance (a boar) were sister and brother Tamworth pigs. Both were five months old when their owner took them by lorry"
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"then its head. Then the Hobyahs tore down the house, ate the old man and woman, and carried off the girl in a bag. They hung up the bag at home and knocked it, shouting, ""Look me!"" They went to sleep, because they slept by daytime. A man heard her crying and took her home, putting his big dog in the sack. When the Hobyahs opened the sack, the dog ate them all. Jacobs noted that the Hobyahs, though now destroyed, resembled ""the bogies or spirits of the comma bacillus"". Escaping from a bag is a common fairy tale motif,"
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"The Ass and the Pig The Ass and the Pig is one of Aesop's Fables (Perry Index 526) that was never adopted in the West but has Eastern variants that remain popular. Their general teaching is that the easy life and seeming good fortune of others conceal a threat to their welfare. The earliest Latin version of this tale is in a poem by Phaedrus and concerns a pig that was fattened on barley and then sacrificed. The left-over grain was given to the ass, who refused it because of the fate that had overtaken the one it had previously"
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"scene. It was published in the United States under the title Brian and Bob: the Tale of Two Guinea Pigs. My Best Friend Bob My Best Friend Bob is a children's picture book written and illustrated by Georgie Ripper, first published in 2003. Brian and Bob are guinea pigs who live in a cage in Pete's Pet Palace. One day they are separated, when Bob is sold and suddenly taken away from the pet shop. Brian is inconsolable as he now has no-one to play I-Spy with, and even a peanut can't cheer him up. Misery sets in until he,"
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"and the Country Mouse. The Ass and the Pig The Ass and the Pig is one of Aesop's Fables (Perry Index 526) that was never adopted in the West but has Eastern variants that remain popular. Their general teaching is that the easy life and seeming good fortune of others conceal a threat to their welfare. The earliest Latin version of this tale is in a poem by Phaedrus and concerns a pig that was fattened on barley and then sacrificed. The left-over grain was given to the ass, who refused it because of the fate that had overtaken the"
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"The Marzipan Pig The Marzipan Pig (1986, ) is a children's book by Russell Hoban. The plot involves a marzipan pig that has somehow fallen behind a couch. The pig laments being forgotten and as dust begins to cover him, he remains hopeful about someone discovering him. When he is eventually found (and eaten) by a mouse, parts of his personality are transferred to the mouse. The mouse in turn, falls in love with a nearby grandfather clock and comes to visit each night. The clock, of course, cannot reciprocate the mouse's love. One night the mouse leaves never to"
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"a dignified owl, Dr. Loy, who is suddenly scared off by the sound of an approaching motor. The children watch bemused as King Fatback's royal limousine approaches. The King himself, a pig, accuses them of stealing his nuts. They are taken to the castle and introduced to the caretaker, a matronly cat named Miss Bellmouse, who places them in separate rooms. Life at the castle is a regimented series of rings, gongs, bells, and buzzers that announce one dismal activity after another: sleep; lessons taught by the unpleasant teacher-dog, Mr. Prouch; brainwashing lectures given by the king's overbearing cousin Clemens;"
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"The Tale of Little Pig Robinson The Tale of Little Pig Robinson is a children's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter as part of the Peter Rabbit series. The book contains eight chapters and numerous illustrations. Though the book was one of Potter's last publications in 1930, it was one of the first stories she wrote. Potter introduces the story as her explanation of how the pig from Edward Lear's poem, ""The Owl and the Pussycat"" comes to travel to the ""land where the Bong-Tree grows"". Little Pig Robinson's aunts, Miss Porcas and Miss Dorcas, send him to the"
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"ship's captain, Barnabas Butcher, and Toyah Wilcox as the ship's cat. The Tale of Little Pig Robinson The Tale of Little Pig Robinson is a children's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter as part of the Peter Rabbit series. The book contains eight chapters and numerous illustrations. Though the book was one of Potter's last publications in 1930, it was one of the first stories she wrote. Potter introduces the story as her explanation of how the pig from Edward Lear's poem, ""The Owl and the Pussycat"" comes to travel to the ""land where the Bong-Tree grows"". Little Pig"
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"amongst the slaughter on a battlefield. Dallben brought the baby to be raised and educated at the small hamlet of Caer Dallben, where he would be protected by Dallben, the famed enchanter, and Coll, an aged warrior turned farmer. As Taran grew up he became restless and longed for adventures beyond the borders of Caer Dallben. His time would eventually come when, just after being granted the position of Assistant Pig-Keeper to Hen Wen, Dallben's oracular pig (actually a name Coll conceived for the job that had been Taran's for some time), the animal escapes her enclosure. Taran follows her"
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"uses the dead petals to make a dress. Then, trying to hang on the plant, she falls into a postman's bag and is thrown back to the owl. Back at the house, she finds a package with a new marzipan pig - one without any knowledge of love or loneliness. The mouse eats the new marzipan pig and falls asleep. The little boy who lives in the house opens the package (it is his birthday) and finds the mouse who escapes back into its hole. The boy tells his mother that he saw a mouse in a pink dress, though"
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"The Runaway Bunny The Runaway Bunny is a 1942 picture book written by Margaret Wise Brown and illustrated by Clement Hurd. The plot deals with a small rabbit, who wants to run away. His mother, however, tells him that ""if you run away, I will run after you."" This book is the first in Brown and Hurd's ""classic series,"" which also includes ""Goodnight Moon"" and ""My World"". The picture of a cow jumping over the moon, which features prominently in ""Goodnight Moon"", first appeared in ""The Runaway Bunny"". A copy of ""The Runaway Bunny"" appears in ""Goodnight Moon"", as does"
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"asked where she found it and she said an old lady told it to her in her childhood."" In the 1875 ""St. Nicholas"" tale, a childless old woman bakes a gingerbread man, who leaps from her oven and runs away. The woman and her husband give chase, but are unable to catch him. The gingerbread man then outruns several farm workers and farm animals, while taunting them with the phrase: The tale ends with a fox catching and eating the gingerbread man who cries as he is devoured, ""I'm quarter gone...I'm half gone...I'm three-quarters gone...I'm all gone!"" The Gingerbread Man"
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"that in the morning she will get her friend Tegan's teacup pig while she is on break from work at Starbucks. The next morning at work Addie ends up getting caught in conversation with a woman who claims to be a ""Christmas Angel"" and says that people forget to do things for others when they get wrapped up in themselves. This causes her to forget to pick up the pig, who has been adopted by someone else. Upset, Addie manages to get the address of the woman who adopted the pig, who ends up being the woman she spoke to"
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"Maggie and the Pirate Maggie and the Pirate is a 1979 children's picture book by American author and illustrator Ezra Jack Keats. Maggie's pet cricket Niki, in the cage her father built, is stolen by someone calling himself the Pirate. Maggie and her friends hunt all over the place, and finally she finds the Pirate's hide-out. However, during the rescue, Niki is accidentally drowned. Maggie and her friends bury the cricket, and the Pirate, a new kid in the neighborhood, comes to apologize and to bring back the cage, which has a new cricket inside. ""Kirkus Reviews"" found ""Keats' scruffy"
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"the woods, and her grandmother gives her a lecture on privacy. Meanwhile, Big Sister Pig, Little Sister Pig, and Brother Pig are introduced building a straw house. The wolf comes along and blows it down. The pigs run away. The wolf reveals that she is really a witch in disguise, and when she smells children, she hides. Hansel and Gretel enter, and find a house made out of gingerbread. They eat a piece, and the witch jumps out and locks them up in a cage to eat later. The witch gathers sticks, which she takes down to the pigs. While"
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"a corner. The children emerge from the smoked-filled building, carrying the almost-forgotten teddy bear that belonged to Katharine (in which Katy and Christopher have placed all of Auntie Roo's jewellery), while Auntie Roo, surrounded by fire, shouts at Katy to come back to her. Outside, the orphans meet Auntie Roo's butcher, Mr. Harrison, who is delivering a whole piglet by horse-cart. He sees the smoke inside and drives off to call the fire brigade. Katy realizes she was to cook the pig, but Christopher says they were to be eaten after it. When he leaves, Christopher quips, ""Bloody good fire"","
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"but the pigs escape. The witch returns to her home to eat Hansel and Gretel, who trick her into wandering into her own cage, which they lock her in. They then go off to Baby Bear's house, and the moment they are gone, the witch climbs out of the cage. Goldilocks and Baby Bear arrive at the Bear house, where they see Goldilocks' grandmother talking with Mama and Papa Bear about the neighborhood watch. Hansel and Gretel soon arrive with the three pigs, who they found on the way there. They decide to build a house out of bricks for"
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"This Little Piggy ""This Little Piggy"" or ""This Little Pig"" is an English language nursery rhyme and fingerplay. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 19297. The most common modern version is: The rhyme is usually counted out on an infant or toddler's toes, each line corresponding to a different toe, usually starting with the big toe and ending with the little toe. A foot tickle is usually added during the ""Wee...all the way home"" section of the last line. The rhyme can also be seen as a counting rhyme, although the number of each toe (from one"
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"the gardens. Percy Pilbeam arrives, recognises Sue, and tries to get her help in his memoir-stealing scheme. Baxter, meanwhile, has grown suspicious that the pig was stolen by Carmody as a means of insuring his job; he spots Beach heading off to feed the pig, and follows him, just as the storm breaks. Beach reaches the cottage to find Hugo and Millicent, gone there to shelter from the rain. Their relationship is healed, Hugo having explained about Sue and Ronnie, and Beach, protecting Ronnie, claims he stole the pig for Hugo to return and win Lord Emsworth's favour. Beach leaves,"
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"The Runaway Wok The Runaway Wok is a picture book written by Ying Chang Compestine and illustrated by Sebastia Serra. The story follows a boy named Ming and his adventures with a magical talking wok who grants wishes. In preparation for the Chinese New Year, the poor Zhang family sends Ming to the market to trade eggs for rice. At the market, an old man persuades Ming to trade the eggs for a magical talking wok. When Ming's mother goes to reprimand him, the wok asks her to polish it. When she finishes cleaning the wok, it jumps away and"
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"she is gone, Goldilocks finds Hansel and Gretel, and runs off to get help. The witch gives the sticks to the pigs, and as she retreats, they begin to build a new house. Goldilocks returns to Hansel and Gretel with Baby Bear, who breaks open both the house and the cage. Hansel and Gretel tell their story, and Goldilocks and Baby Bear head off to Baby Bear's house, Hansel and Gretel promising they'll meet up with them soon. As the pigs complete their house, they see the wolf and hide inside. The wolf is able to blow down the house,"
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"few who had known him'. The days before the Rebellion have been forgotten as well. Only a few pigs, Moses the Raven (who was his 'special pet'), Clover and Benjamin remember Jones. The pigs and Moses obviously have no inclination to bring their former master up - they don't even mention Snowball, who was a scapegoat for a long number of years. Clover is an old and rather sick mare, past the retirement age that no longer existed. Benjamin is merely more cynical. In the 1954 animated adaptation of the novel, Jones was voiced by Maurice Denham, who provided all"
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"a group of barnyard animals, with the main character being Orson, a small pig who had been taken from his mother shortly after being born. At the peak of the comic's popularity, there were children's books, plush animals (particularly of the characters Roy, Booker, Sheldon, and Orson), and posters of the main characters. Its animated adaptation was included in the TV show ""Garfield and Friends"", and continued to be so for several years after the strip ended. The final daily strip was printed on April 15, 1989, while the final Sunday appeared on May 7, 1989. Most papers only ran"
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"My Best Friend Bob My Best Friend Bob is a children's picture book written and illustrated by Georgie Ripper, first published in 2003. Brian and Bob are guinea pigs who live in a cage in Pete's Pet Palace. One day they are separated, when Bob is sold and suddenly taken away from the pet shop. Brian is inconsolable as he now has no-one to play I-Spy with, and even a peanut can't cheer him up. Misery sets in until he, too, is sold to the same owner as Bob, and the two guinea pigs are reunited in a touching final"
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"The Story about Ping The Story About Ping is a popular children's book written by Marjorie Flack and illustrated by Kurt Wiese. First published in 1933, ""Ping"" is a colorfully illustrated story about a domesticated Chinese duck lost on the Yangtze River. Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association named the book one of its ""Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children"". The story begins when Ping, the duck, is taken by his owner to feed on the riverbank. Later, when it is evening, Ping is the last duck to return, so he hides to avoid being spanked."
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"who lives in the forest, has a failure time by trying to eat the chickens of the farm, one of them can easily protect herself in a violent way, and he always ended up eating radishes that the Pig always lefts to him. He later takes the advice of the Wolf, of stealing 3 chicken eggs, which he does in the night, and then eat them once they're fat. But the Chicks take him as their mother and he gradually gets attaches to them, to the point of deciding to protect them from the Wolf. The Fox decides to run"
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The first episode of what TV series, now in a record 22nd year, debuted on December 17, 1989, following 3 years as shorts on The Tracey Ullman Show?
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"Two additional ""Dr. N!Godatu"" cartoons that were prepared for the show never aired. The Simpson family debuted in short animated cartoons on ""The Tracey Ullman Show"", beginning with episode 3 of the first season. The shorts originally were presented on an occasional basis, alternating episodes with ""Dr. N!Godatu"". However, the reaction to the Simpsons shorts was very positive, and after appearing 7 times during season 1, the feature was quickly promoted to full-time status, appearing in every episode of seasons 2–3 before being spun off into their own half-hour series. These shorts, also called ""bumpers"", aired before and after commercial"
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"Tracey Ullman's Show Tracey Ullman's Show is a British sketch comedy television series starring Tracey Ullman. ""Tracey Ullman's Show"" premiered on BBC One on 11 January 2016. The programme marks her first project for the broadcaster in over thirty years, and her first original project for British television in twenty-two years. The BBC announced that the programme had been recommissioned for a second series on 5 March 2016. Following a ""best bits"" Christmas special in December 2016, the show's second series premiered on 3 February 2017. It comprises 6 episodes. On 26 May 2017, the BBC announced that it had"
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"The Tracey Ullman Show The Tracey Ullman Show is an American television variety show starring Tracey Ullman. It debuted on Fox on April 5, 1987 (the network's second original primetime series to air following ""Married... with Children"") and ran until May 26, 1990. The show was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Century Fox Television. The show blended sketch comedy with musical numbers and dance routines, choreographed by Paula Abdul, along with animated shorts. The format was conceived by creator and executive producer James L. Brooks, who was looking to showcase the show's multitalented star. Brooks likened the show to"
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"""The Tracey Ullman Show"" on April 19, 1987. Another family member, Grampa Simpson, was introduced in the later shorts. Years later, during the early seasons of ""The Simpsons"", when it came time to give Grampa a first name, Groening says he refused to name him after his own grandfather, Abraham Groening, leaving it to other writers to choose a name. By coincidence, they chose Abraham, unaware that it was the name of Groening's grandfather. Although ""The Tracey Ullman Show"" was not a big hit, the popularity of the shorts led to a half-hour spin-off in 1989. A team of production"
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"purchase through iTunes and Amazon Video-on-Demand service in the United States in 2009, but are currently unavailable in either store. The episodes were heavily edited; some combined to make up for lost length due to editing. In 2012, the entire series of 65 episodes could be streamed through Hulu. For the first time, all 15 Character Comedies episodes were made available. Tracey Takes On... Tracey Takes On... is an American sketch comedy series starring Tracey Ullman. The show ran for four seasons on HBO and was commissioned after the success of the 1993 comedy special ""Tracey Ullman Takes On New"
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"This bonding breaks down the communication barrier, meaning Santa's Little Helper can understand Bart's commands, and much to Homer's chagrin, passes obedience school. Lisa marks the occasions by starting a new quilt to replace the one destroyed. The episode was written by Jon Vitti and directed by Jim Reardon. Tracey Ullman guest starred as Emily Winthrop, the instructor at the obedience school, a parody of Margaret Thatcher in her mannerisms. ""The Simpsons"" began as a series of one-minute shorts that aired on Ullman's variety show, ""The Tracey Ullman Show"", for three seasons during 1987–89. Due to the success of the"
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"Columbia. It was one of the first major television series to use Vancouver as a filming location and helped to establish the city as a center for film production. ""21 Jump Street"", along with ""Married... with Children"" and ""The Tracey Ullman Show"", debuted in the spring of 1987. All three shows were hits with audiences and helped to establish the then-newly launched Fox network. ""21 Jump Street"" was the first hit series for the Fox network. In August, ""21 Jump Street"" became the first Fox series to win its timeslot against a Big three network series. In the United Kingdom,"
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"on ""The Tracey Ullman Show""; ranked at a three-way tie for 29th place in the Nielsen ratings, it became a breakout hit and was the first Fox series to break the Top 30. ""The Simpsons"", at 30 years as of 2018, is the longest-running American sitcom, the longest-runninAmerican animated program, and in 2009, it surpassed ""Gunsmoke"" as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series. That year, Fox also first introduced the documentary series ""Cops"" and crime-focused magazine program ""America's Most Wanted"" (the latter of which debuted as a half-hour series as part of the network's mainly comedy-based Sunday lineup for"
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"season debuted on March 30, 2008, on premium cable network Showtime. A second season of seven episodes debuted on April 12, 2009. Arianna Huffington, one of Ullman's frequent parodies, stated that she and Ullman had tea together. Ullman was looking to collect more material for the series' second season. Season three began airing January 25, 2010 on Showtime. It was directed by Ullman. The first season of the series is directed by Troy Miller. The show is shot in cutaway fashion. ""It's her kind of sketch show, where she plays many, many characters. No sketch is longer than a minute"
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"shorts, the characters spun off into their own half-hour prime-time show on the Fox network named ""The Simpsons"". Matt Groening, the series' creator, wanted Ullman to make a guest appearance in one of the shorts, but was told that she was too busy with the rest of ""The Tracey Ullman Show"". When her show was canceled in 1990, Ullman agreed to do a guest appearance on ""The Simpsons"" after being asked by Groening once again. The animal noises for the episode, including those by Santa's Little Helper, were performed by Frank Welker. It was the first ""The Simpsons"" episode Welker"
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"in the USA in 2015. Intruders (miniseries) Intruders is a four-hour CBS miniseries dealing with the subject of alien abduction that was first broadcast in 1992. The miniseries starred Richard Crenna, Daphne Ashbrook and Mare Winningham. It was partially based on Ufology Budd Hopkins' book ""Intruders: The Incredible Visitations at Copley Woods"". Barry Oringer and Tracy Tormé wrote the screenplay. Lesley Hahn lives in California, and is plagued by nightmares about faceless telephone repairmen entering her house and taking her. She contacts psychiatrist Dr. Neil Chase in hope of receiving treatment for her nightmares. Mary Wilkes, is a housewife from"
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"Jump Street"". The animation industry had experienced a decline in the 1980s. In 1987, ""The Tracey Ullman Show"" premiered with mild success. During this time, a series of short cartoons originally intended to be bumpers gained a following with young and old audiences, and Fox ordered thirteen episodes of a new animated television series based on these, titled ""The Simpsons"". When ""The Simpsons"" premiered in December 1989, the series was instantly popular. Merchandise featuring the show’s breakout character Bart Simpson has accumulated over US$1 billion in sales. ""The Simpsons"" was the first successful primetime animated series since ""The Flintstones"", paving"
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"Family Matters Family Matters is an American sitcom series that originated on ABC from September 22, 1989 to May 9, 1997, before moving to CBS from September 19, 1997 to July 17, 1998. A spin-off of ""Perfect Strangers,"" the series revolves around the Winslow family, a middle-class African American family living in Chicago, Illinois. Midway through the first season, the show introduced the Winslows' nerdy neighbor Steve Urkel (Jaleel White), who quickly became its breakout character and eventually the show's main character. Having run for nine seasons, ""Family Matters"" became the second longest-running non-animated U.S. sitcom with a predominantly African"
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"Intruders (miniseries) Intruders is a four-hour CBS miniseries dealing with the subject of alien abduction that was first broadcast in 1992. The miniseries starred Richard Crenna, Daphne Ashbrook and Mare Winningham. It was partially based on Ufology Budd Hopkins' book ""Intruders: The Incredible Visitations at Copley Woods"". Barry Oringer and Tracy Tormé wrote the screenplay. Lesley Hahn lives in California, and is plagued by nightmares about faceless telephone repairmen entering her house and taking her. She contacts psychiatrist Dr. Neil Chase in hope of receiving treatment for her nightmares. Mary Wilkes, is a housewife from Nebraska who has a history"
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"The show starred Christopher Meloni as Detective Elliot Stabler and Mariska Hargitay as Detective Olivia Benson for its first twelve seasons until the former left the cast, unable to come to an agreement on his contract. As of November 29, 2018, ""Law & Order: Special Victims Unit"" has aired 444 original episodes. On May 9, 2018, NBC renewed the series for a twentieth season, which allowed it to tie the flagship ""Law & Order"" and ""Gunsmoke"" for the longest-running scripted drama in U.S. television history. The season premiered on September 27, 2018. The idea for ""Law & Order: Special Victims"
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"""Rugrats"" and stated, ""When ""The Simpsons"" was a segment on ""The Tracey Ullman Show"", it was just a belch joke with hip pretensions. As a series, it grew flesh and guts. It was my favorite cartoon... until I discovered Nickelodeon's ""Rugrats"", a sardonic, sly, kid's eye view of the world that skewers thirty-something parents and Cosby kids."" In 2017, James Charisma of """"Paste"" (magazine)"" ranked the show's opening sequence #11 on a list of ""The 75 Best TV Title Sequences of All Time"". ""Rugrats"", which at the time had moderately high ratings, was scheduled to air 65 episodes as Nickelodeon"
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"other accoutrements for the characters; so Ullman felt less panicked. She decided to do a send up of the British class system. All new characters were created and she was joined by Monty Python's Michael Palin for each of the show's sketches. """" premiered on 9 January 1993 on ITV. The American cable network HBO became interested in Ullman doing a special for their network with the caveat that she take on a more American subject. She chose New York. The special, ""Tracey Ullman Takes On New York"" debuted on 9 October 1993 and both it and Ullman went on"
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"into a film. The script was re-written over a hundred times, and this creativity continued after animation had begun in 2006. The film was a box office success, and received overwhelmingly positive reviews. ""The Simpsons"" eventually became the longest-running American sitcom, the longest-running American animated program, and in 2009 it surpassed ""Gunsmoke"" as the longest-running American primetime, scripted television series. Since its debut on December 17, 1989, the show has broadcast episodes and its 30th season started airing on September 30, 2018. When producer James L. Brooks was working on the television variety show ""The Tracey Ullman Show"" for the"
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"""The Tracey Ullman Show"" aired in prime time, therefore it was not censored as much as programs intended to air on Saturday mornings. In addition to the show's portrayal of brief nudity and mild language, the series has dealt with mature themes and subjects such as death, gambling addiction, religion and suicide. In 1989, ""The Simpsons"" began airing on Fox Broadcasting Company in prime time, becoming a massive hit among American audiences. In response, ABC, CBS and NBC each developed animated series to air in prime time, but none of the shows were successful. One series, ""Capitol Critters"", focused on"
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"banner ""Tracey Ullman's Show"" to HBO Europe and ITV Choice in Asia as of September 2018. Tracey Breaks the News Tracey Breaks the News is a British topical comedy series starring Tracey Ullman. The programme premiered on BBC One on 27 October 2017, and following a pilot episode that aired on 23 June. After the success of the one-off special, on 13 September 2017, the BBC announced that it had ordered three new episodes of ""Tracey Breaks the News"". Like the pilot, the three new shows would ""tackle topical stories and current issues in a sketch show written and filmed"
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"debuted as a one-hour pilot special which aired on HBO and CBC Television in 1988, and began airing as a regular weekly series on both services in 1989. The regular series premiered July 21, 1989 on HBO, and September 14 on CBC. In the United States, the first three seasons were on HBO before it moved to CBS in 1993, where it stayed for two more seasons airing late Friday nights. CBC aired the show for the whole duration of its run. Despite their ""SNL"" connection, the show's sketches were more reminiscent of ""Monty Python's Flying Circus"": often quirky or"
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"affiliated with Fox in the weeks before the April 1987 launch of its prime time lineup (such as WCGV-TV (channel 24) in Milwaukee and WDRB-TV (channel 41) in Louisville) signed affiliation agreements with the network on the condition that they would not have to carry ""The Late Show"" due to the program's weak ratings. The network expanded its programming into prime time on April 5, 1987, inaugurating its Sunday night lineup with the premieres of the sitcom ""Married... with Children"" and the sketch comedy series ""The Tracey Ullman Show"". Fox added one new show per week over the next several"
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"the thirteenth episode of the first season, Cleavon Little makes a guest appearance as a closeted gay man whose marriage to a woman has just ended. His performance won him a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series at the 41st Primetime Emmy Awards in 1989. Judd Hirsh won a Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Comedy in 1989 and was nominated again the following year. Dear John (U.S. TV series) Dear John is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from 1988 to 1992. It was originally based on the British sitcom of the"
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"Performers: Pam Arciero and David Rudman The special ranked 68th out of 80 shows that week and brought in a 7.7/14 rating/share, finishing third in its timeslot behind ABC's ""Perfect Strangers"" (13.0/25, 44th) and ""Full House"" (14.6/26, 30th), and CBS's ""Beauty and the Beast"" (10.7/20, 55th). Sesame Street… 20 Years & Still Counting Sesame Street... 20 Years & Still Counting is a 1989 American television special to celebrate the 20th Anniversary of ""Sesame Street"". Hosted by Bill Cosby, the special aired on Friday, April 7, 1989 on NBC. This special was originally produced by Children's Television Workshop, in association with"
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"Tracey Takes On... Tracey Takes On... is an American sketch comedy series starring Tracey Ullman. The show ran for four seasons on HBO and was commissioned after the success of the 1993 comedy special ""Tracey Ullman Takes On New York"". Each episode focuses on specific subject in which Ullman and her cast characters comment on or experience through a series of sketches and monologues. Unlike her previous Fox show, ""Tracey Takes On..."" was filmed without a studio audience, on location, single-camera; instead of upwards of a hundred characters, the show focused on a steady rotation of nearly 20. ""I wanted"
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"Breaks the News"" is the second special Ullman has done for British television; her first since 1993's """", and her fifth overall. The show aired on 23 June. The success of the special led to the order and creation of the series ""Tracey Breaks the News"". After thirty successful years in the United States, British comedian Tracey Ullman returned to the BBC with the sketch comedy series ""Tracey Ullman's Show"". The show features Ullman performing an eclectic cast of characters, some real-life, others totally original. The show's political and celebrity impersonations, such as her take on a devious Judi Dench,"
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"22, 1979 to January 1, 1988 were composed by Edd Kalehoff, also known for themes on other television series and game shows. The longest-running theme, also composed by Kalehoff, was used from January 4, 1988 to November 15, 2002. Along with an update to the graphics and presentation, the theme was updated on November 18, 2002 and was used until January 1, 2010. A new theme, logo, and set for the show's Miami headquarters debuted on January 4, 2010. This theme lasted until April 27, 2012. On April 30, 2012, a new virtual theme was introduced to the show with"
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"aired its first episode on October 7, 1996. Since its debut, the show has broadcast 235 thirty-minute-long episodes. A pilot for the spin-off series ""Postcards from Buster"" aired in December 2003 as a season 8 episode of ""Arthur"". ""Postcards from Buster"" aired from October 11, 2004, to November 21, 2008, when the series faced several years of hiatus, until a brief revival in February 2012, only to be cancelled after airing three unseen episodes that had been held over from the show's third season. ""Arthur"" often deals with important issues families face such as asthma, dyslexia, cancer, diabetes, and autism"
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"show introduced Trevor Ayliss, Virginia Bugge, and Janie Pillsworth. Two of Ullman's characters would go on to appear in ""Tracey Ullman Takes On New York"" HBO special, and then all three would appear regularly in the latter, ""Tracey Takes On..."". The special was produced for ITV in the United Kingdom. The show would go on to make its American television debut on HBO in late 1993, after the success of ""Tracey Ullman Takes On New York"". The American cut of the special opens with Ullman explaining the English class system. The show opens aboard ""Class Air"", a British airline that"
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"""I Am What I Am"". The unedited British cut of the special was made available on Hulu in the United States in 2012. The special was nominated for a CableAce Award in 1995 in the category of International Dramatic or Comedy Special or Series/Movie or Miniseries. Tracey Ullman: A Class Act Tracey Ullman: A Class Act is a sketch-comedy special starring Tracey Ullman, along with Michael Palin playing a variety of original characters. It originally aired on ITV; subsequently HBO in the United States on 23 November 1993. ""A Class Act"" skewers the British class system. The show is broken"
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"over a decade. In 1987, ""The Simpsons"", an animated short cartoon segment of ""The Tracey Ullman Show"", debuted. Matt Groening's creation gained its own half-hour series in 1989, the first prime-time animated series since ""The Flintstones"". Although 70 percent of the first episode's animation had to be redone, pushing the series premiere back three months, it became one of the first major hit series for the fledgling Fox network. ""The Simpsons"" caused a sensation, entering popular culture and gaining wide acclaim for its satirical handling of American culture, families, society as a whole, and the human condition. The show has"
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"series premiered on TV9 on 2 February 2009, with each episode lasting up to seven minutes. As a year-long production season, it had frequent in-season breaks filled by repeats, and also experienced some schedule changes. From 14 May, the TV series received major sponsorship from TM, which placed its brand on the show to this date. In the year-end school break season, it became apparent that new episodes are strategically debuted on school holidays, with new episodes premiering on Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays, 5.30 pm (repeats for the rest of the week) throughout the six-week holiday season. This is also"
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"appalling that 70% of the episode needed to be redone. The producers considered aborting the series if the next episode (""Bart the Genius"") turned out as bad, but it only suffered from a few, easily fixable problems. The producers convinced Fox to move the debut to December 17, and aired ""Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire"" as the first episode of the series. The half hour series premiere debuted on December 17, 1989 with ""Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire"" a Christmas special. The next episode ""Bart the Genius"" was the first to feature the series' full title sequence, including"
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With an accepted height of 11,249 feet, what is the tallest mountain in Oregon, and the 4th highest in the Cascades?
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"views of the Three Sisters, Mount Washington, Three Fingered Jack, Mount Jefferson and much of the central Oregon Cascades. On clear days, it is possible to see Mount Hood. Carpenter Mountain (Oregon) Carpenter Mountain is a mountain located in Linn County, Oregon in the Willamette National Forest. It is part of the Cascade Range, and is one of the highest and easternmost peaks of the low-lying Western Cascades. A fire lookout on the summit was built in 1934 and has been recently reactivated for use. It marks the northernmost point in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest. Due to its remoteness"
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"the Cascade Range in Western Oregon. It extends from the Mount Jefferson area east of Salem to the Calapooya Ridge which divides the watersheds of the Willamette and Umpqua rivers. Most of the forest (about 61%) is located in Lane County, but there are large areas in Linn, Marion, and Douglas counties, as well as much smaller areas in Clackamas and Jefferson counties. The elevation of the forest ranges from about 1,500 feet (460 m) above sea level on the western edge of the forest to almost 10,500 feet (3,200 m) at the top of Mount Jefferson, Oregon's second highest"
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"Mount Jefferson (Oregon) Mount Jefferson is a stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc, part of the Cascade Range in the U.S. state of Oregon. The second highest mountain in Oregon, it is situated within Linn County, Jefferson County, and Marion County and forms part of the Mount Jefferson Wilderness. Due to the ruggedness of its surroundings, the mountain is one of the hardest volcanoes to reach in the Cascades. It is also a popular tourist destination despite its remoteness, with recreational activities including hiking, backpacking, mountaineering, and photography. Vegetation at Mount Jefferson is dominated by Douglas-fir, silver fir, mountain hemlock,"
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"Maiden Peak (Oregon) Maiden Peak is a steep-sided shield volcano in the Cascade Range of central Oregon. It is the highest point in the distance between Mount Bachelor and Diamond Peak. Ice Age glaciers carved a large cirque into the northeast flank of the mountain, exposing magma which hardened in the volcano's conduits to form the numerous rock pinnacles now found in the upper part of the cirque. The summit of Maiden Peak consists of a steeper cinder cone which sits atop the underlying shield volcano. It is located on the Cascade Crest, which forms the boundary between Lane County"
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"different heights: , a 1991 adjustment of a 1986 measurement by the U.S. National Geodetic Survey (NGS), based on a 1993 scientific expedition, and of slightly older origin. The peak is home to 12 named glaciers and snowfields. It is the highest point in Oregon and the fourth highest in the Cascade Range. Mount Hood is considered the Oregon volcano most likely to erupt, though based on its history, an explosive eruption is unlikely. Still, the odds of an eruption in the next 30 years are estimated at between 3 and 7 %, so the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) characterizes"
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"and Wasco Lake. Mount Jefferson can be climbed, but the route is challenging, especially the pinnacle of the summit. Nearly annually, at least one climber attempting Jefferson perishes. Because of the hazards and difficulty of climbing Mount Jefferson, the U.S. National Geodetic Survey recommends that only experienced climbers try to climb it. Mount Jefferson (Oregon) Mount Jefferson is a stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc, part of the Cascade Range in the U.S. state of Oregon. The second highest mountain in Oregon, it is situated within Linn County, Jefferson County, and Marion County and forms part of the Mount Jefferson"
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"for its method of transportation, featuring snowcats. Mount Bailey (Oregon) Mount Bailey is a relatively young tephra cone and shield volcano in the Cascade Range, located on the opposite side of Diamond Lake from Mount Thielsen in southern Oregon, United States. Bailey consists of a -high main cone on top of an old basaltic andesite shield volcano. With a volume of , Mount Bailey is slightly smaller than neighboring Diamond Peak. Mount Bailey is a popular destination for recreational activities. Well known in the Pacific Northwest region as a haven for skiing in the winter months, the mountain's transportation, instead"
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"Carpenter Mountain (Oregon) Carpenter Mountain is a mountain located in Linn County, Oregon in the Willamette National Forest. It is part of the Cascade Range, and is one of the highest and easternmost peaks of the low-lying Western Cascades. A fire lookout on the summit was built in 1934 and has been recently reactivated for use. It marks the northernmost point in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest. Due to its remoteness and rough road conditions, the summit is relatively inaccessible compared to most other area mountains with a maintained trail and is mostly hiked by researchers resident in the Experimental"
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"and Deschutes County. Also, it is on the boundary between the Deschutes National Forest and the Willamette National Forest. A Forest Service fire lookout tower was built on the summit in 1923, but was removed in 1958. A trail zigzags up to the summit from the southwest. Maiden Peak (Oregon) Maiden Peak is a steep-sided shield volcano in the Cascade Range of central Oregon. It is the highest point in the distance between Mount Bachelor and Diamond Peak. Ice Age glaciers carved a large cirque into the northeast flank of the mountain, exposing magma which hardened in the volcano's conduits"
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"U.S. state of Oregon, and is one of the most accessible volcanoes in the state. The largest volcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc, with roughly the same area as the state of Rhode Island at when its lava flows are taken into account, it lies east of the major crest of the Cascade Range in the High Lava Plains region, rising above its surroundings. From its northernmost to southernmost point, the volcano is in length, with a width of , and a total volume of about . Because of its enormous size and topographic prominence, it is often confused for"
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"Williamson Mountain Williamson Mountain, elevation , is a peak in the Cascade Range in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is named after Lt. Robert S. Williamson, who with Lt. Philip Sheridan took part in the Pacific Railroad Surveys in central Oregon in 1855. The United States Board on Geographic Names approved the name in 1931. Before that, the peak was known by its Chinook Jargon name of ""Leloo Mountain"" (Wolf Mountain), derived from the French ""le loup"" (the wolf). The mountain lies slightly east of the border between Lane County and Deschutes County in the Deschutes National Forest and"
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"Mount Bailey (Oregon) Mount Bailey is a relatively young tephra cone and shield volcano in the Cascade Range, located on the opposite side of Diamond Lake from Mount Thielsen in southern Oregon, United States. Bailey consists of a -high main cone on top of an old basaltic andesite shield volcano. With a volume of , Mount Bailey is slightly smaller than neighboring Diamond Peak. Mount Bailey is a popular destination for recreational activities. Well known in the Pacific Northwest region as a haven for skiing in the winter months, the mountain's transportation, instead of a conventional chairlift, is provided by"
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"Pacific Crest Trail. Mount Jefferson Wilderness The Mount Jefferson Wilderness is a wilderness area located on and around Mount Jefferson in the central Cascade Range of Oregon in the United States. It is situated where the Willamette, Deschutes, and Mount Hood National Forests meet. Mount Jefferson Wilderness is the second most visited Oregon wilderness area after the Three Sisters Wilderness. At , Mount Jefferson is the second tallest mountain in Oregon. It is a stratovolcano with slopes mantled by five glaciers - Whitewater, Waldo, Milk Creek, Russell, and Jefferson Park. Three Fingered Jack is a heavily eroded and deeply glaciated"
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"Marys Peak Marys Peak (formerly Mary's Peak and sometimes still spelled this way) is a mountain in Benton County, Oregon, United States, just southwest of Philomath. It is the highest peak in the Oregon Coast Range. It is also the highest point in Benton County, and ranks eleventh in the state for prominence. On a clear day at the top of the peak, facing east, northeast, and southeast, one can see the cities and suburbs of the Willamette Valley, as well as the Cascade Range. To the west, the Pacific Ocean is visible on clear days. The road to the"
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"from the north side of the mountains, and its tributary the Minam River, which flows through the west side of the range. The Imnaha River flows from the east side of the range. The highest point in the range is Sacajawea Peak, which is above sea level. Sacajawea is the sixth highest mountain in Oregon and the state's highest peak outside of the Cascade Range. Many geologists believe that the Wallowa Mountains in northeastern Oregon are a displaced fragment of the Insular Belt. The core of the Wallowas is composed of the Wallowa Batholith surrounded by Columbia River basalt. In"
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"Area, located on the mountain, features 23 trails on served by four lifts. Mount Ashland Mount Ashland is the highest peak in the Siskiyou Mountains of southern Oregon. It was named for the city of Ashland, located north of the mountain. The Siskiyou Mountains are a subrange of the Klamath Mountains in northwestern California and southwestern Oregon. The mountain is part of the Rogue River–Siskiyou National Forest, which encompasses most of the Siskiyou Mountains. The Oregon–California border is south of the mountain. Mount Ashland is composed largely of granite, with other igneous intrusive rocks like diorite and granodiorite. The peak"
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"Diamond Peak (Oregon) Diamond Peak is a volcano in Klamath and Lane counties in central Oregon in the United States. It is a shield volcano, though it might also be considered a modest stratocone. Diamond Peak forms part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a segment of the Cascade Range in western North America extending from southern British Columbia through Oregon to Northern California. Reaching an elevation of , the mountain is located near Willamette Pass in the Diamond Peak Wilderness within the Deschutes and Willamette National Forests. Diverse species of flora and fauna inhabit the area. Prominent in the skyline"
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"the Benson Lake route. The U.S. National Geodetic Survey Data Sheet for Mount Washington notes that climbing the volcano is challenging and dangerous and thus is not recommended for inexperienced climbers or climbers without proper equipment. Mount Washington (Oregon) Mount Washington is a deeply eroded volcano in the Cascade Range of Oregon. It lies within Deschutes and Linn counties and is surrounded by the Mount Washington Wilderness area. Like the rest of the Oregon Cascades, Mount Washington was produced by the subduction of the oceanic Juan de Fuca tectonic plate under the continental North American tectonic plate, forming during the"
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"Marion Lake (Oregon) Marion Lake is an alpine lake located in Linn County of the U.S. state of Oregon. The lake is in central Oregon's Cascades within the Mount Jefferson Wilderness. The lake is approximately , at an elevation of . It is the largest lake in an Oregon wilderness area and the largest lake not accessible by automobile. With the exception of large Waldo Lake, it is the largest natural lake in the Willamette National Forest on the west slope of the Central Cascade Range. Marion Lake was named in 1874 by John Minto's Marion County road-viewing party in"
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"of the smaller volcanic peaks in the Oregon Cascades, Mount Washington is the most prominent landmark between North Sister and Three Fingered Jack, with the Cache Mountain cinder cones to the northeast and Hayrick Butte and Hoodoo Butte to the northwest. The volcano forms a crest of steep, icy mountains with North Cinder Peak and Three Fingered Jack to the south of Mount Jefferson. According to the Geographic Names Information System, Mount Washington has an elevation of , while Wood and Kienle (1990) and Hildreth (2007) place its current elevation at . The volcano has a pinnacle appearance resembling the"
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"Mount Ashland Mount Ashland is the highest peak in the Siskiyou Mountains of southern Oregon. It was named for the city of Ashland, located north of the mountain. The Siskiyou Mountains are a subrange of the Klamath Mountains in northwestern California and southwestern Oregon. The mountain is part of the Rogue River–Siskiyou National Forest, which encompasses most of the Siskiyou Mountains. The Oregon–California border is south of the mountain. Mount Ashland is composed largely of granite, with other igneous intrusive rocks like diorite and granodiorite. The peak and its surrounding flanks make up the Mount Ashland pluton. Mount Ashland Ski"
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"Aspen Butte Aspen Butte is a steep-sided shield volcano in the Cascade Range of southern Oregon. It is located south of Pelican Butte and southeast of Mount McLoughlin. It rises over above the nearby shore of Upper Klamath Lake. Ice Age glaciers carved three large cirques into the north and northeast flanks of the mountain removing most of the original summit area including any evidence of a crater. The summit is now the high point along the curving ridge which bounds the southern edge of the cirques above steep cliffs. Aspen Butte is the highest of four overlapping shield volcanoes"
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"Three Sisters (Oregon) --> The Three Sisters are volcanic peaks that form a complex volcano in the U.S. state of Oregon. They are part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a segment of the Cascade Range in western North America extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California. Each more than in elevation, they are the third-, fourth- and fifth-highest peaks in Oregon. Located in the Three Sisters Wilderness at the boundary of Lane and Deschutes counties and the Willamette and Deschutes national forests, they are about south of the nearest town, Sisters. Diverse species of flora"
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"flows. South Saddle Mountain Saddle Mountain (Clatsop County, Oregon) Saddle Mountain is the tallest mountain in Clatsop County in the U.S. state of Oregon. Part of the Oregon Coast Range, Saddle Mountain is in Saddle Mountain State Natural Area in the northwest corner of Oregon. The peak is listed on Oregon’s Register of Natural Heritage Resources. Saddle Mountain was created around 15 million years ago in the Miocene epoch when lava flows poured down the old Columbia River valley. When the lava encountered the water at the Astoria Sea, great steam explosions and thermal shocks occurred to create a large"
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"Mount Washington (Oregon) Mount Washington is a deeply eroded volcano in the Cascade Range of Oregon. It lies within Deschutes and Linn counties and is surrounded by the Mount Washington Wilderness area. Like the rest of the Oregon Cascades, Mount Washington was produced by the subduction of the oceanic Juan de Fuca tectonic plate under the continental North American tectonic plate, forming during the late Pleistocene. Made mostly of mafic (rich in magnesium and iron) volcanic rock like subalkaline basalt and basaltic andesite, it has a volcanic plug occupying its summit cone and numerous dikes. It is surrounded by other"
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"Upper Klamath Lake Upper Klamath Lake (sometimes called Klamath Lake) (Klamath: ?ews, ""lake"" ) is a large, shallow freshwater lake east of the Cascade Range in south-central Oregon in the United States. The largest body of fresh water by surface area in Oregon, it is approximately long and wide and extends northwest from the city of Klamath Falls. It sits at an average elevation of . In the early 20th century, most of the wetlands and marshes surrounding the lake were drained for agricultural purposes, damaging the larger habitat. The lake's water has been used to support the federal Klamath"
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"in Oregon include the moderating influence of the Pacific Ocean combined with variations in surface elevation, especially the Cascade Range. In general, temperatures on Earth drop by about 4 °F (2 °C) per each increase in elevation. Throughout the year, high elevations across the state tend to be cooler than low elevations. In addition, the Cascades, running north–south from border to border, generally retain relatively warm Pacific air masses on the western side of the state and relatively cool continental air masses on the eastern side. This prevailing pattern breaks down occasionally when dense cold air flows down the Columbia"
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"Mount Jefferson Wilderness The Mount Jefferson Wilderness is a wilderness area located on and around Mount Jefferson in the central Cascade Range of Oregon in the United States. It is situated where the Willamette, Deschutes, and Mount Hood National Forests meet. Mount Jefferson Wilderness is the second most visited Oregon wilderness area after the Three Sisters Wilderness. At , Mount Jefferson is the second tallest mountain in Oregon. It is a stratovolcano with slopes mantled by five glaciers - Whitewater, Waldo, Milk Creek, Russell, and Jefferson Park. Three Fingered Jack is a heavily eroded and deeply glaciated shield volcano and"
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"to the south — and South Sister to the north, it lies in the Cascade Range, in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Oregon. Most of the volcano lies in Jackson County, though the eastern side of its base lies in Klamath County. It is the sixth tallest peak in Oregon, but despite its height, Mount McLoughlin only has a volume of . The volcano includes the North Squaw Tip and South Squaw Tip peaks, which occur on its flanks at elevations of and , respectively. It can be seen from the Interstate 5 and U.S. Route 97"
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"Bohemia Mountain Bohemia Mountain is a mountain in the Cascade Range of the U.S. state of Oregon, within the Umpqua National Forest. Its elevation is . A trail traverses the mountain and leads to the summit. There is a location east of the trail's end where on a clear day one can see Mount Shasta, Mount Hood, and other peaks of the Cascades. Camping is available in the area. An abundance of wildflowers and plants bloom on the mountain from late June to mid-August, which attracts butterflies to the area. Bohemia City is a ghost town that lies off the"
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"they voted for ""Hayworth Ridge"", after a local family who has been farming near there since 1875. The name was changed to ""Hayworth Saddle"" by the Oregon Geographic Names Board, which in turn recommended it to the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. The board adopted the name in September 2008. Individual summits in the range include Spores Point, Buck Mountain, Mount Tom, Round Mountain and Bald Mountain. Coburg Hills The Coburg Hills are a range of foothills of the western Cascade Range of Lane and Linn counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. They are located northeast of Eugene and"
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"Laurel Mountain (Oregon) Laurel Mountain is the fourth highest peak in Oregon's Central Coast Range with an elevation of . The peak is located in Polk County west of the city of Dallas. In 1997 it was labeled the wettest place in Oregon, and in 1996 it set an all-time calendar year rainfall record for the contiguous United States with . Laurel Mountain has a hyperhumid maritime climate, on the border between Mediterranean (""Csb""), oceanic (""Cfb"") and subpolar oceanic (""Cfc""/""Csc""). Rainfall is extremely heavy between October and April, and even in the dry months of July and August fog is"
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"the Deschutes, Umpqua and Fremont–Winema national forests. On the west, the wilderness borders the Oregon Cascades Recreation Area, a area set aside by Congress in 1984. The wilderness and forests offer several activities related to the mountain, such as hiking and skiing. The wilderness covers around the volcano, featuring lakes and alpine parks. It also contains of the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail, accessible from a trailhead along Oregon Highway 138. In 2009 the trail was selected as Oregon's best hike. Three skiing trails exist on the mountain, all of black diamond rating. They follow several trails through the wilderness"
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December 14, 2003, saw the capture of The Ace of Spades, Iraqi dictator, Saddam Hussein, near what town, his home town?
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"found hiding in a hole in the ground near a farmhouse in ad-Dawr, near Tikrit. Following his capture, Saddam was transported to a U.S. base near Tikrit, and later taken to the American base near Baghdad. Documents obtained and released by the National Security Archive detail FBI interviews and conversations with Hussein while he was in U.S. custody. On 14 December, U.S. administrator in Iraq Paul Bremer confirmed that Saddam Hussein had indeed been captured at a farmhouse in ad-Dawr near Tikrit. Bremer presented video footage of Saddam in custody. Saddam was shown with a full beard and hair longer"
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"Al-Awja Al-Awja (; also known as Owja, Al-Auja or Al-Ouja) is a village 8 miles (13 km) south of Tikrit, in Iraq on the western bank of the Tigris. It was the birthplace of the former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein in 1937 and home of many of the leaders of Iraqi provinces during his Presidency over Iraq. When Saddam was found by the 4th Infantry Division, he was hiding only a few miles from his hometown in the town of Ad-Dawr. Saddam Hussein was buried in this village before dawn on December 31, 2006, less than 24 hours after his"
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"the country's prime minister in September and remained in this position for two years, until he was replaced by Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai in September 1993. He was a member of the Revolutionary Command Council and the commander of the Central Euphrates military district, but had not been in power for two years. He was the Queen of Spades in the deck of most-wanted Iraqi playing cards issued by the US government during the war in Iraq. After the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime, he was captured on April 20, 2003 near the small city of Mahaweel. He remained in"
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"workers, politicians, and military leaders came from the area. Saddam himself was born just outside Tikrit. After the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the area became a focus of armed Sunni opposition to Coalition rule. It was widely predicted in the Western press that Saddam would seek shelter from Sunni supporters and on December 13, 2003, he was captured in a raid on the village of ad-Dawr about 15 km south of Tikrit. The term ""Sunni triangle"" was used intermittently from the 1970s among academic Iraq specialists, usually to differentiate it from the northern and southern parts of the country. An"
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"a number of insurgent attacks against the occupation forces. It is commonly regarded as being the northern angle of the ""Sunni Triangle"" within which the insurgency was at its most intense. In June 2003, Abid Hamid Mahmud, Saddam Hussein's Presidential Secretary and the Ace of Diamonds on the most wanted 'Deck of Cards,' was captured in a joint raid by special operations forces and the 1st Battalion, 22nd Infantry Regiment of 1st Brigade, 4th Infantry Division. After the fall of Baghdad, Saddam Hussein was in and around Tikrit. He was hidden by relatives and supporters for about six months. During"
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"his final period in hiding, he lived in a small hole just outside the town of ad-Dawr, fifteen kilometres south of Tikrit on the eastern bank of the Tigris, a few kilometers southeast of his hometown of Al-Awja. The missions which resulted in the capture of Saddam Hussein were assigned to the 1st Brigade Combat Teams of the 4th Infantry Division, commanded by Colonel James Hickey of the 4th Infantry Division. The U.S. Army finally captured Saddam Hussein on December 13, 2003 during Operation Red Dawn. During the 2003 invasion of Iraq, AFN Iraq (""Freedom Radio"") broadcast news and entertainment"
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"anti-peace sign. More recently, in 2003 a deck of most-wanted Iraqi playing cards was issued to US Soldiers during Operation Iraqi Freedom, each card had the picture of a wanted Iraqi official on it. Saddam Hussein got the nickname ""Ace of Spades"" as that card bore his image. Various idioms involving the ace of spades include ""black as the ace of spades"" (which can refer either to color or to race), or alternatively a lack of cleanliness in a person and the French expression ""fagoté comme l'as de pique""—that is, ""(badly) dressed like the ace of spades."" Ace of spades"
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"Radwaniyah Palace Radwaniyah Palace (also known as ""Al Radwaniyah Presidential Complex"") is a palace in Baghdad, Iraq, which functioned as a presidential resort for the late Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein until it was taken over by coalition forces during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Inside it was decorated with marble, luxury furniture and monuments dedicated to Saddam. Located in western Baghdad, Radwaniyah Palace was the main presidential site for Saddam and was a typical Presidential site. It is bordered on the north by Qasr Tall Mihl and Al Urdun (Jordan) Street; on the south by sparse, outlying neighborhoods; on the"
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"corroborated the date afterwards. He was accompanied by bodyguards and other loyal supporters including at least one of his sons and his personal secretary. After the walkabout Hussein returned to his bunker and made preparations for his family. On April 9, 2003, Baghdad was formally occupied by Coalition forces. Much of Baghdad remained unsecured however, and fighting continued within the city and its outskirts well into the period of occupation. Saddam, certain members of his family and close subordinates had vanished, and his whereabouts were unknown. Many Iraqis celebrated the downfall of Saddam by vandalizing the many portraits and statues"
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"overseeing the Iraqi Special Security Organization. He was designated ""ace of diamonds"" in the US administrations most-wanted Iraqi playing cards and fourth on the most-wanted list after Saddam and his sons Uday and Qusay. He was captured in a joint raid by members of B squadron Delta Force and G Squadron SAS and the 1st Battalion, 22nd Infantry Regiment of 1st Brigade, 4th Infantry Division, in Tikrit on June 16, 2003. At the time it was recognized as the ""greatest success"" since the end of major hostilities, and a sign that Saddam Hussein might soon be found. On April 29,"
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"leaders of the regime would be found in the complex, located near Saddam Hussein's home town of Tikrit. American commanders on the ground said that they would remain in the city center rather than return to the outskirts as they had done previously. Within hours of a palace seizure and with television coverage of this spreading through Iraq, U.S. forces ordered Iraqi forces within Baghdad to surrender, or the city would face a full-scale assault. Iraqi government officials had either disappeared or had conceded defeat. On April 8, 2003, some 500 Iraqis mounted a fierce counterattack across the Jumhuriya Bridge,"
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"Saladin Governorate The Saladin or Salah ad Din Governorate (, ""Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn"") is a governorate in Iraq, north of Baghdad. The governorate has an area of . The estimated population in 2003 was 1,042,200 people. The capital is Tikrit; the governorate also contains the significantly larger city of Samarra. Before 1976 the governorate was part of Baghdad Governorate. The province is named after leader Saladin (written ""Salah ad-Din"" in modern Arabic Latin transcription), a Muslim leader who defeated the Crusaders at Hattin, and who hailed from the province. Salah ad Din was the home province of Saddam Hussein; he was"
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"After much criticism against the war over the years that followed, every figure that previously supported the claims of WMDs in Iraq (with the exception of Dick Cheney) acknowledged that they had been wrong. A related debate concerned whether the figures that had built the case for the war had been inadvertently misled by intelligence or that they intentionally deceived the public. On 13 December 2003, Saddam Hussein was captured by U.S. forces during Operation Red Dawn. ""Time Online Edition"" reports that in his first interrogation he was asked whether Iraq had any WMD. According to an official, his reply"
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"would take at least several months to remove the estimated 5,000–10,000 IEDs left behind by ISIL in Tikrit. Tikrit, the hometown of the ex-president Saddam Hussein, fell to ISIL during the offensive in June 2014. A first attempt to recapture the city in late June 2014 was repelled by ISIL after a few days, as well as another Iraqi attempt to recapture the city in July 2014. Subsequent efforts in December 2014 also failed to make headway against ISIL, which consolidated control over Tikrit and its environs. On the morning of 19 August 2014, Iraqi government troops and allied militiamen"
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"starting with the aces and kings, were used for the people at the top of the most-wanted list. The ace of spades is Saddam Hussein, the aces of clubs and hearts are his sons Qusay and Uday respectively, and the ace of diamonds is Saddam's presidential secretary Abid Hamid Mahmud al-Tikriti. This strict correspondence to the order of the most-wanted list was not carried through the entire deck, but some time later in 2003, the list itself was renumbered to conform (almost) to the deck of cards. The card backs feature a green military camouflage pattern. According to US Navy"
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"Battle of Mosul (2004) The Battle for Mosul was a battle fought during the Iraq War in 2004 for the capital of the Ninawa Governorate in northern Iraq that occurred concurrently to fighting in Fallujah. During the occupation by the U.S. 101st Airborne Division in 2003, a 21,000-strong force under General David Petraeus, the U.S. forces made a civil peace with the local Sunni tribes. However, after its pullout, the CIA allied itself almost exclusively with the Kurds, and the U.S. had been seen as essentially another tribal ally of the Kurds, making conflict inevitable. While one battalion of the"
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"Ibrahim Ahmad Abd al-Sattar Muhammad Ibrahim Ahmad Abd Al-Sattar Muhammad Al-Tikriti (9 September 1956 – 28 October 2010) was the chief of staff of the Iraqi armed forces under the rule of Saddam Hussein from 1999 until 2003. He was taken into custody on 15 May 2003. He was the ""jack of spades"" in the deck of most-wanted Iraqi playing cards and was reported by CENTCOM to be in custody in May 2003. On 2 March 2009, Abdul Sattar was sentenced to life in prison for his role in the violent repression of a Shiite uprising in 1991. He died"
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"Samarra Sāmarrāʾ () is a city in Iraq. It stands on the east bank of the Tigris in the Saladin Governorate, north of Baghdad. In 2003 the city had an estimated population of 348,700. Samarra was once in the ""Sunni Triangle"" of violence during the sectarian violence in Iraq (2006–07). In the medieval times, Samarra was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate and the only remaining Islamic capital that retains its original plan, architecture and artistic relics. In 2007, UNESCO named Samarra one of its World Heritage Sites. The remains of prehistoric Samarra were first excavated between 1911 and 1914"
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"was among seven POWs who were taken prisoner by Iraqi forces in the 2003 invasion. Back then, he was a Chief Warrant Officer whose Apache Longbow helicopter crashed in Karbala on March 24, 2003. Fellow pilot and Chief Warrant Officer David Williams, 31 from the 1-227 Helicopter Attack Battalion tried to elude capture, but they were taken prisoner by an Iraqi group who took them to Samarra, about south of Tikrit, Saddam Hussein's hometown. The Iraqi forces kept the two with the members of the 507th Maintenance Company who were earlier captured along with their comrade Jessica Lynch. The 507th"
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"was on their own in the city until they were able to build up the Iraqi Police and Iraqi Military presence once again. Battle of Mosul (2004) The Battle for Mosul was a battle fought during the Iraq War in 2004 for the capital of the Ninawa Governorate in northern Iraq that occurred concurrently to fighting in Fallujah. During the occupation by the U.S. 101st Airborne Division in 2003, a 21,000-strong force under General David Petraeus, the U.S. forces made a civil peace with the local Sunni tribes. However, after its pullout, the CIA allied itself almost exclusively with the"
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"most-wanted man in Iraq, shown as the King of Spades in the deck of most-wanted Iraqi playing cards. In 2006 he was charged with genocide and crimes against humanity for his part in the Anfal campaign and was transferred to the Iraq Special Tribunal for trial. He received four death sentences for his role in killing Shia Muslims in 1991 and 1999, the genocide of the Kurds in the 1980s, and ordering the gassing of Kurds at Halabja. The trial began on 21 August 2006, in acrimonious circumstances when al-Majid refused to enter a plea. He subsequently had a not"
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"from cancer on 28 October 2010 while being held in US and Iraqi custody. Ibrahim Ahmad Abd al-Sattar Muhammad Ibrahim Ahmad Abd Al-Sattar Muhammad Al-Tikriti (9 September 1956 – 28 October 2010) was the chief of staff of the Iraqi armed forces under the rule of Saddam Hussein from 1999 until 2003. He was taken into custody on 15 May 2003. He was the ""jack of spades"" in the deck of most-wanted Iraqi playing cards and was reported by CENTCOM to be in custody in May 2003. On 2 March 2009, Abdul Sattar was sentenced to life in prison for"
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"execution took place. During the fighting in the Second Battle of Tikrit, Saddam Hussein's tomb was levelled by ISIL. After Iraqi forces took the control of the village, Shia militiamen of the Popular Mobilization Committee put Shia militia's insignia around the village, including that of Maj. Gen. Qassem Soleimani. Al-Awja Al-Awja (; also known as Owja, Al-Auja or Al-Ouja) is a village 8 miles (13 km) south of Tikrit, in Iraq on the western bank of the Tigris. It was the birthplace of the former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein in 1937 and home of many of the leaders of Iraqi"
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"Tikrit, Saddam Hussein's hometown. A Marine battalion was sent to check on the intelligence and found the seven POWs with a confused Iraqi guard unit, whose officers had fled. On April 13, 2003, 21 days after the 507th members were captured, the 3rd Light Armored Recon Marines burst in on the Iraqi guards who gave up without a fight. Ordering everyone on the floor, a Marine gave an order to ""stand up if you're American!"" Given dirty prison clothes and fed little food, the prisoners lost a lot of weight and with their garb, and beards they looked like Iraqis."
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"the capital is named after him. The city was devastated in the 14th century by Timur. During Ottoman period Tikrit existed as a small settlement that belonged to the Rakka Eyalet and whose population never exceeded 4,000-5,000. In September 1917, British forces captured the city during a major advance against the Ottoman Empire during World War I. The Tikriti Jewish community was mostly gone by 1948. By the time Saddam Hussein rose to power there were only two Jewish families in the city. The city is the birthplace of Saddam Hussein. Many senior members of the Iraqi government during his"
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"manner by organizing local civilians as armed guards. Serious looting was described at National Museum of Iraq, and the Saddam Arts Center, the University of Baghdad, three five-star hotels: the Al-Rashid, the Al-Mansour and Babel Hotel, state-owned supermarkets, many embassies, and state-owned factories. At the National Museum of Iraq, which had been a virtual repository of treasures from the ancient Mesopotamian cultures as well as early Islamic culture, many of the 170,000 irreplaceable artifacts were either stolen or broken (partially found safe and well later). On April 14, the Iraq National Library and National Archives were burned down, destroying thousands"
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"rule were drawn from Saddam's own Tikriti tribe, the Al-Bu Nasir, as were members of his Iraqi Republican Guard, chiefly because Saddam apparently felt that he was most able to rely on relatives and allies of his family. The Tikriti domination of the Iraqi government became something of an embarrassment to Hussein and, in 1977, he abolished the use of surnames in Iraq to conceal the fact that so many of his key supporters bore the same surname, al-Tikriti (as did Saddam himself). Saddam Hussein was buried near Tikrit in his hometown of Owja following his hanging on December 30,"
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"Saddam Hussein’s hometown of Tikrit. Following the cessation of major combat operations, First Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion moved from the northern portion of Iraq to the country’s extreme southern area along the Saudi-Arabian border to halt and deter illegal smuggling into Iraq. First Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion redeployed to the United States at the end of May 2003. In February 2004 1st Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion (-) again returned to Iraq. The battalion conducted security and stability operations in the Al Anbar province of western Iraq as part of Regimental Combat Team Seven. 1st LAR performed a wide range of"
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"Republican Palace The Republican Palace (Arabic: القصر الجمهوري """") is a palace in Baghdad, Iraq, constructed on the orders of King Faisal II. It was Saddam Hussein's preferred place to meet visiting heads of state. The United States spared the palace during its shock and awe raid during the 2003 invasion of Iraq, in the belief that it might hold valuable documents. The Green Zone developed around it. The palace itself served as the headquarters of coalition troops during the Occupation of Iraq as well as the primary base of operations for the American diplomatic mission in Iraq until the"
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"Camp Justice (Iraq) Camp Justice (also known as Camp Al-Adala) was a joint Iraqi-U.S. military base in the Kadhimiya district of Baghdad, Iraq. The location was renamed from ""Camp Banzai"" in mid-September 2004 as part of an effort to give Army facilities around Baghdad friendlier names. Camp Justice was the location of the 2006 execution of Saddam Hussein; the 2007 hanging of Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti, Awad Hamed al-Bandar, and Taha Yassin Ramadan; and the 2010 hanging of Saddam's cousin Ali Hassan al-Majid, a.k.a. Chemical Ali. The former president of Iraq, Saddam Hussein was executed at approximately 03:00 UTC on December"
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"May 4, 2003, at 3:00 pm. It was directed by Basim Al-Hajar and took place the Al Rasheed theater, which was Iraq's most famous playhouse and was largely destroyed in the American bombing campaign in March and April 2003. On May 29, 2003, Najeen unveiled an untitled sculpture in the center of Fardus Square, which is where the famous sculpture of Saddam was toppled by a mix of American troops and Iraqi citizens. The sculpture's construction was led by Basim Hamad and took place over the course of several weeks on location over several weeks in May. Led by director"
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"long term."" Saddam was captured by U.S. forces on 13 December 2003. He remained in custody by United States forces at Camp Cropper in Baghdad, along with eleven senior Ba'athist officials. Particular attention was paid during the trial to activities in violent campaigns against the Kurds in the north during the Iran–Iraq War, against the Shiites in the south in 1991 and 1999 to put down revolts, and in Dujail after a failed assassination attempt on 8 July 1982, during the Iran–Iraq War. Saddam asserted in his defense that he had been unlawfully overthrown, and was still the president of"
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"from Baghdad along the east side of the Tigris River, and included the city of Hussainiyah, a town of 500,000 about twelve miles north of Baghdad. 3–153rd was tasked with providing a Military Assistance Training Team to support the Headquarters and Companies C and D of 301st Iraqi National Guard Battalion, and Company C, 102nd Iraqi National Guard Battalion. 3–153rd was responsible for the development of various tactics, techniques and procedures related to sniper operations. On 9 June 2004, 3rd Battalion snipers engaged and destroyed an enemy 60mm mortar team attempting to attack elements of the 1st Squadron, 5th Cavalry"
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What is the name given to the meteorological phenomenon which is characterized by a strong and persistent flow of atmospheric moisture and associated heavy rainfall from the waters adjacent to the Hawaiian Islands, which resulted in record rainfall at Seatac airport this week.
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"Pineapple Express Pineapple Express is a non-technical term for a meteorological phenomenon characterized by a strong and persistent flow of atmospheric moisture and associated with heavy precipitation from the waters adjacent to the Hawaiian Islands and extending to any location along the Pacific coast of North America. A Pineapple Express is an example of an atmospheric river, which is a more general term for such narrow corridors of enhanced water vapor transport at mid-latitudes around the world. A Pineapple Express is driven by a strong, southern branch of the polar jet stream and is marked by the presence of a"
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"trade winds), a more moist climate usually prevails on the windward side of a mountain than on the leeward or downwind side. Moisture is removed by orographic lift, leaving drier air (see katabatic wind) on the descending and generally warming, leeward side where a rain shadow is observed. In Hawaii, Mount Waiʻaleʻale, on the island of Kauai, is notable for its extreme rainfall, as it has the second highest average annual rainfall on Earth, with . Storm systems affect the state with heavy rains between October and March. Local climates vary considerably on each island due to their topography, divisible"
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"removed by orographic lift, leaving drier air (see Foehn) on the descending (generally warming), leeward side where a rain shadow is observed. In Hawaii, Mount Waiʻaleʻale (""Waialeale""), on the island of Kauai, is notable for its extreme rainfall. It has the highest average annual rainfall on Earth, with per year. Storm systems affect the region with heavy rains between October and March. Local climates vary considerably on each island due to their topography, divisible into windward (""Koolau"") and leeward (""Kona"") regions based upon location relative to the higher mountains. Windward sides face the east-to-northeast trade winds and receive much more"
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"to land as a tropical cyclone, its remnant moisture field combined with an upper-level trough over Hawaii to produce an unstable atmosphere. General rainfall amounts of 2–5 in (51–127 mm) were recorded across the Big Island and Oahu, with a localized peak of 9.04 in (230 mm) in Kaneohe; this led to flooding and several road closures. Minor stream flooding was observed on the southeast flank of Mount Haleakalā. A rainfall total of 3.06 in (78 mm) was recorded at the Honolulu International Airport, contributing to the wettest August on record in the city. Some coffee and macadamia nut trees"
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"eastern shores of Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and the Island of Hawaii, the system generated swells. The Honolulu Airport reported a daily record of of rainfall, breaking the previous record of set in 1948. Elsewhere, parts of Maui reported in excess of of precipitation, while fell on Oahu. The rainfall was beneficial in some areas, where dry conditions had persisted. Although crop damage from the storm system was limited, some farming operations were postponed and some coffee and not trees were damaged. Along the eastern shores of several Hawaiian Islands, the storm system triggered surf of . The heavy rainfall"
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"dust westward across the Atlantic Ocean into the Caribbean, as well as portions of southeast North America. A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind that lasts for several months within tropical regions. The term was first used in English in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and neighboring countries to refer to the big seasonal winds blowing from the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea in the southwest bringing heavy rainfall to the area. Its poleward progression is accelerated by the development off a heat low over the Asian, African, and North American continents during May through July, and over Australia in December. The"
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"Monsoon Monsoon () is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea. Usually, the term monsoon is used to refer to the rainy phase of a seasonally changing pattern, although technically there is also a dry phase. The term is sometimes incorrectly used for locally heavy but short-term rains, although these rains meet the dictionary definition of monsoon. The major monsoon systems of the world consist of the West African and Asia-Australian monsoons."
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"island of Kauai, is notable for its extreme rainfall, as it is amongst the places in the world with the highest levels of rainfall, with . Systems known as Kona storms affect the state with heavy rains between October and April. Local climates vary considerably on each island due to their topography, divisible into windward (""Koolau"") and leeward (""Kona"") regions based upon location relative to the higher mountains. Windward sides face the east to northeast trade winds and receive much more rainfall; leeward sides are drier and sunnier, with less rain and less cloud cover. In South America, the Andes"
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"of Jamaica, which already experienced above-average rainfall since April, as it brushed the island to the northeast. Many places recorded over of rain, with the highest totals occurring across the Blue Mountains; accumulations peaked at in Mavis Bank. One-hour rainfall rates reached in this location with a twenty-four-hour peak of . The latter value equates to a 1-in-50 year event for the town and was 1,005% of the 30-year mean. Rainfall in Constant Spring reached 1-in-25 year levels. Sustained winds in Montego Bay peaked at , equivalent to a strong tropical storm. Norman Manley International Airport in Kingston observed peak"
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"very heavy rainfall, consist of large air masses several hundred miles across with low pressure at the centre and with winds blowing inward towards the centre in either a clockwise direction (southern hemisphere) or counter clockwise (northern hemisphere). Although cyclones can take an enormous toll in lives and personal property, they may be important factors in the precipitation regimes of places they impact, as they may bring much-needed precipitation to otherwise dry regions. Areas in their path can receive a year's worth of rainfall from a tropical cyclone passage. The fine particulate matter produced by car exhaust and other human"
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"Both precipitation and humidity are highest from March through May and lowest from June through mid-September. Major sources of precipitation are winter snow storms originating in the Gulf of Alaska, late winter and spring rains from the Pineapple Express created in Hawaiian waters, and summer monsoons from the Gulf of California. The airport averages of precipitation per year, with bench areas receiving up to , mainly due to increased snowfall. May is the wettest month, averaging of precipitation. Average year-round humidity is 55%. The summer monsoon rising from Mexico and Arizona passes through the region beginning in mid-July and continuing"
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"km (60–120 mi)/hour, but not always accompanied by significant rainfall. For this it is necessary that the high atmospheric torrential rain instability in the lower air layers to combine with a significant amount of water vapors. Such a combination causes the masses of cold air to rapidly discharge up to 500 liters per square meter in extremely rapid rain episodes. This phenomenon usually lasts a very short time, (from a few hours to a maximum of four days) as it exhausts its water reserves without receiving a new supply. The clouds are formed in the Atlantic Ocean. The more extreme"
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"These trade winds condense to form clouds and precipitation. Its moniker as the cloudiest place in the Hawaiian Islands is verified by the fact that its average solar radiation and potential evapotranspiration are the lowest amongst recorded locations, and relative humidity and cloud attenuation are the highest. While the summit of Mount Waialeale has long been considered the wettest place in the Hawaiian Islands, and thus Oceania, the Big Bog has a higher 30-year average. NOAA reports its annual rainfall as 373.85 inches (9495.8mm), while the University of Hawaii at Manoa report the Big Bog's as 404.3 inches, or 10,271"
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"around the coast from dry tropical (< 20 in or 500 mm annual rainfall) to wet tropical; and up the slopes from tropical rainforest (> 200 in or 5000 mm per year) through a temperate climate into alpine conditions of cold and dry climate. The rainy climate impacts soil development, which largely determines ground permeability, which affects the distribution of streams, wetlands, and wet places. The distance and remoteness of the Hawaiian archipelago is a biological filter. Seeds or spores attached to a lost migrating bird's feather or an insect falling out of the high winds found a place to"
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"occurs on the windward side of mountains and is caused by the rising air motion of a large-scale flow of moist air across the mountain ridge, resulting in adiabatic cooling and condensation. In mountainous parts of the world subjected to relatively consistent winds (for example, the trade winds), a more moist climate usually prevails on the windward side of a mountain than on the leeward or downwind side. Moisture is removed by orographic lift, leaving drier air (see katabatic wind) on the descending and generally warming, leeward side where a rain shadow is observed. In Hawaii, Mount Waiʻaleʻale, on the"
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"descending, generally warming, leeward side where a rain shadow is formed. Terrain-induced precipitation is a major factor for meteorologists as they forecast the local weather. Orography can play a major role in the type, amount, intensity and duration of precipitation events. Researchers have discovered that barrier width, slope steepness and updraft speed are major contributors for the optimal amount and intensity of orographic precipitation. Computer model simulations for these factors showed that narrow barriers and steeper slopes produced stronger updraft speeds which, in turn, enhanced orographic precipitation. Orographic precipitation is well known on oceanic islands, such as the Hawaiian Islands"
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"anomalous rainfall is usually first evident over the western Indian Ocean, and remains evident as it propagates over the very warm ocean waters of the western and central tropical Pacific. This pattern of tropical rainfall then generally becomes very nondescript as it moves over the cooler ocean waters of the eastern Pacific but reappears over the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The wet phase of enhanced convection and precipitation is followed by a dry phase where convection is suppressed. Each cycle lasts approximately 30–60 days. The MJO is also known as the 30- to 60-day oscillation, 30- to 60-day wave,"
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"oceans. This overall circulation pattern manifests itself most clearly as anomalous rainfall. The Madden–Julian oscillation is characterized by an eastward progression of large regions of both enhanced and suppressed tropical rainfall, observed mainly over the Indian and Pacific Ocean. The anomalous rainfall is usually first evident over the western Indian Ocean, and remains evident as it propagates over the very warm ocean waters of the western and central tropical Pacific. This pattern of tropical rainfall then generally becomes nondescript as it moves over the cooler ocean waters of the eastern Pacific (except over the region of warmer water off the"
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"of on average. During the fall, winter, and spring, Pacific storm systems bring most of Hawaii and the western United States much of their precipitation. Over the top of the ridge, the jet stream brings a summer precipitation maximum to the Great Lakes. Large thunderstorm areas known as mesoscale convective complexes move through the Plains, Midwest, and Great Lakes during the warm season, contributing up to 10% of the annual precipitation to the region. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation affects the precipitation distribution, by altering rainfall patterns across the western United States, Midwest, the Southeast, and throughout the tropics. There is"
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"and 17 December 2014 for the airport station; while the lowest maximum temperature on record is on 3 June 1904 for the post office station and on 14 July 1968 for the airport station. The wet season is associated with tropical cyclones and monsoon rains. The majority of rainfall occurs between December and March (the southern hemisphere summer), when thunderstorms are common and afternoon relative humidity averages over 70 percent during the wettest months. It does not rain every day during the wet season, but most days have plentiful cloud cover; January averages under 6 hours of bright sunshine daily."
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"terms of rainfall or climate. Regardless of the complexity behind the nature of this atmospheric phenomenon, some conclusions have been made about its causes. Through research, one of the main causes of most Morning Glory occurrences is the mesoscale circulations associated with sea breezes that develop over the peninsula and the gulf. On the large scale, Morning Glories are usually associated with frontal systems crossing central Australia and high pressure in northern Australia. Locals have noted that the Morning Glory is likely to occur when the humidity in the area is high, which provides moisture for the cloud to form,"
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"activity, whereas climate is the term for the average atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time. When used without qualification, ""weather"" is understood to be the weather of Earth. Weather occurs due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one place and another. These differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot, which varies by latitude from the tropics. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the jet stream. Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as extratropical cyclones, are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow. Because the Earth's axis"
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"continent. These areas would have been nearly uninhabitable, with extremely hot days and frigid nights. However, the coasts experienced seasonality, transitioning from rainy weather in the summer to dry conditions during the winter. Monsoon circulations, defined as a seasonal reversal of winds, exhibit large shifts in precipitation patterns across the impacted region. Monsoons are therefore characterized by two primary seasons: rainy and dry. They are induced by the presence of at least one large land mass and large body of water in close proximity to each other. The most commonly studied present-day monsoon circulation is the East Asian Monsoon. The"
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"realtime localised rainfall by estimating cloud albedo, water content, and the corresponding probability of rain. Geographic distribution of rain is largely governed by climate type, topography and habitat humidity. In mountainous areas, heavy precipitation is possible where upslope flow is maximized within windward sides of the terrain at elevation. On the leeward side of mountains, desert climates can exist due to the dry air caused by compressional heating. The movement of the monsoon trough, or intertropical convergence zone, brings rainy seasons to savannah climes. The urban heat island effect leads to increased rainfall, both in amounts and intensity, downwind of"
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"a geologic episode, change, process, deposit, or feature that is the result of the action or effects of rain. Sometimes it also refers to the fluvial action of rainwater flowing in a stream channel, including a flood, known as a pluvial flood, that is the direct result of excessive precipitation. Pluvial In geology and climatology, a pluvial is either a modern climate characterized by relatively high precipitation, or an interval of time of variable length – decades to thousands of years – during which a climate is characterized by either relatively high precipitation or ""humidity"". Subdivisions of a pluvial, which"
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"of weather event is known as a haboob, and is most common in the late spring within Sudan. Upper-level outflow can consist of thick cirrus clouds which would then obscure the sun and reduce solar insolation around the outermost edge of tropical cyclones. Outflow (meteorology) Outflow, in meteorology, is air that flows outwards from a storm system. It is associated with ridging, or anticyclonic flow. In the low levels of the troposphere, outflow radiates from thunderstorms in the form of a wedge of rain-cooled air, which is visible as a thin rope-like cloud on weather satellite imagery or a fine"
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"Gulf of California moisture surge A Gulf of California moisture surge, or simply gulf surge, is a meteorological event where a pulse of high humidity air is pushed up the Gulf of California. Gulf surges bring moisture to southern Arizona during the North American Monsoon. Prior to the 1970s, the consensus of meteorologists was the moisture that fueled the central and southern Arizona monsoon resulted from the movement of the Bermuda High to a more south and west position, which in turn transported water vapor to the region from the Gulf of Mexico. However, operational meteorologists in the 1970s described"
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"this moisture originates on high mountain peaks that trap damp air. The city of Bogor, near Jakarta, lays claim to having the world's highest number of thunderstorm days per year—322. On the other hand, the islands closest to Australia—including Nusa Tenggara and the eastern tip of Java—tend to be dry, with some areas experiencing less than per year. To complicate the situation, some of the islands of the southern Malukus experience highly unpredictable rainfall patterns, depending on local wind currents. Although air temperature changes little from season to season or from one region to the next, cooler temperatures prevail at"
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"occurrence when the freezing level within the atmosphere exceeds above ground level. Convective rain, or showery precipitation, occurs from convective clouds (e.g., cumulonimbus or cumulus congestus). It falls as showers with rapidly changing intensity. Convective precipitation falls over a certain area for a relatively short time, as convective clouds have limited horizontal extent. Most precipitation in the tropics appears to be convective; however, it has been suggested that stratiform precipitation also occurs. Graupel and hail indicate convection. In mid-latitudes, convective precipitation is intermittent and often associated with baroclinic boundaries such as cold fronts, squall lines, and warm fronts. Orographic precipitation"
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"unsettled weather. These storms generally feature significantly lower than average temperatures, fierce rain or hail, thunder and strong winds. The return of the westerlies affects Europe's Northern Atlantic coastline, more precisely Ireland, Great Britain, the Benelux countries, Western Germany, Northern France and parts of Scandinavia. Monsoon Monsoon () is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea. Usually, the term monsoon is used to refer to the rainy phase of a seasonally changing"
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"wave's associated convection, or thunderstorms, were amplified by an upper-level trough to its west. It was developing into a tropical cyclone while it moved across Puerto Rico. When the system's rainbands reached the mountains of southern Puerto Rico, it produced torrential rainfall, and additional precipitation occurred owing to the system's slow movement. The most intense rainfall occurred on October 6, and on that day two stations recorded 24-hour precipitation totals exceeding . These totals broke the 24-hour rainfall records set during the 1899 San Ciriaco hurricane, and amounted to nearly half of the annual precipitation totals. The town of Peñuelas"
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"Heat burst In meteorology, a heat burst is a rare atmospheric phenomenon characterized by gusty winds along with a rapid increase in temperature and decrease in dew point (moisture). Heat bursts typically occur during night-time and are associated with decaying thunderstorms. Although this phenomenon is not fully understood, it is theorized that the event is caused when rain evaporates (virga) into a parcel of cold, dry air high in the atmosphere- making the air denser than its surroundings. The parcel descends rapidly, warming due to compression, overshoots its equilibrium level and reaches the surface, similar to a downburst. Recorded temperatures"
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"Inflow (meteorology) Inflow is the flow of a fluid into a large collection of that fluid. Within meteorology, inflow normally refers to the influx of warmth and moisture from air within the Earth's atmosphere into storm systems. Extratropical cyclones are fed by inflow focused along their cold front and warm fronts. Tropical cyclones require a large inflow of warmth and moisture from warm oceans in order to develop significantly, mainly within the lowest of the atmosphere. Once the flow of warm and moist air is cut off from thunderstorms and their associated tornadoes, normally by the thunderstorm's own rain-cooled outflow"
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What chapter from Kenneth Grahame's 1908 book The Wind in the Willows lent its' name to the 1967 debut album from Pink Floyd?
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"The Piper at the Gates of Dawn The Piper at the Gates of Dawn is the debut studio album by the English rock band Pink Floyd, and the only one made under founding member Syd Barrett's leadership. The album, named after the title of chapter seven of Kenneth Grahame's ""The Wind in the Willows"" and featuring a kaleidoscopic cover photo of the band taken by Vic Singh, was recorded from February to May 1967 and released on 4 August 1967. It was produced by Beatles engineer Norman Smith and released in 1967 by EMI Columbia in the United Kingdom and"
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"Pink Floyd Sound, later the Pink Floyd Blues Band and by early 1966, Pink Floyd. By early 1966, Barrett was Pink Floyd's frontman, guitarist, and songwriter. He wrote or co-wrote all but one track of their debut LP ""The Piper at the Gates of Dawn"", released in August 1967. Waters contributed the song ""Take Up Thy Stethoscope and Walk"" (his first sole writing credit) to the album. By late 1967, Barrett's deteriorating mental health and increasingly erratic behaviour, rendered him ""unable or unwilling"" to continue in his capacity as Pink Floyd's singer-songwriter and lead guitarist. In early March 1968 Pink"
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"the Gates of Dawn"" was voted 347th on ""Rolling Stone"" magazine's list of the ""500 Greatest Albums of All Time"". Architecture students Roger Waters, Nick Mason and Richard Wright and art student Syd Barrett had performed under various group names since 1962, and began touring as ""The Pink Floyd Sound"" in 1965. They turned professional on 1 February 1967 when they signed with EMI, with an advance fee of £5,000. Their first single, a song about a kleptomaniac transvestite titled ""Arnold Layne"", was released on 11 March to mild controversy, as Radio London refused to air it. About three weeks"
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"for the cover were provided by Nivek Ogre from Skinny Puppy. The Scarecrow (song) ""The Scarecrow"" is a song by Pink Floyd on their 1967 debut album ""The Piper at the Gates of Dawn"", though it first appeared as the B-side of their second single ""See Emily Play"" (as ""Scarecrow"") two months before. It was written by Syd Barrett and recorded in March 1967. This song was one of several to be considered for the band's ""best of"" album, """". The song contains nascent existentialist themes, as Barrett compares his own existence to that of the scarecrow, who, while ""sadder"""
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"Flaming (song) ""Flaming"" (formerly titled ""Snowing"") is a song by English rock band Pink Floyd, featured on their 1967 debut album, ""The Piper at the Gates of Dawn"". Written and sung by Syd Barrett, the lyrics describe a childlike game with fantastical imagery (such as unicorns and buttercups), while prominent organ and driving bass guitar carry the uptempo music. After David Gilmour joined the band, the song remained in their set list for a while in 1968, even after Barrett's departure. ""Flaming"" was also the third US Pink Floyd single (Tower 378) and was released by Tower Records, but it"
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"The Gnome ""The Gnome"" is a song by the English rock band Pink Floyd. Written by Syd Barrett, it is the eighth song on their 1967 debut album, ""The Piper at the Gates of Dawn"". The song tells the tale of a scarlet tunic wearing gnome named Grimble Gromble (often incorrectly spelled Grumble). The lyrics ostensibly ""came off the top [of Barrett's] head"". Reportedly, the song also draws its inspiration from J. R. R. Tolkien's fiction. ""The Gnome"" was included on the B-side of the US Pink Floyd single ""Flaming"" (Tower 378), which was never released in the UK. British"
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"The Scarecrow (song) ""The Scarecrow"" is a song by Pink Floyd on their 1967 debut album ""The Piper at the Gates of Dawn"", though it first appeared as the B-side of their second single ""See Emily Play"" (as ""Scarecrow"") two months before. It was written by Syd Barrett and recorded in March 1967. This song was one of several to be considered for the band's ""best of"" album, """". The song contains nascent existentialist themes, as Barrett compares his own existence to that of the scarecrow, who, while ""sadder"" is also ""resigned to his fate"". Such thematic content would later"
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"album so many times that for the past couple of years, I haven't hardly listened to anything else."" Pink Floyd keyboardist Richard Wright said that the chord progressions on the album influenced the structure of the introductory chords to the song ""Breathe"" on the album ""The Dark Side of the Moon"" (1973). In his book ""Kind of Blue: The Making of a Miles Davis Masterpiece"", writer Ashley Kahn wrote ""still acknowledged as the height of hip, four decades after it was recorded, ""Kind of Blue"" is the premier album of its era, jazz or otherwise. Its vapory piano introduction is"
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"on the Tower division of Capitol on 21 October 1967. This version was officially titled simply ""Pink Floyd"", though the original album title did appear on the back cover as on the UK issue, and Dick Clark referred to the record by its original title when the group appeared on his ""American Bandstand"" television program on 18 November 1967. The US album featured an abbreviated track listing, and reached number 131 on the ""Billboard"" charts. The UK single, ""See Emily Play"", was substituted for ""Astronomy Domine"", ""Flaming"" and ""Bike"". Released in time for the band's US tour, ""Flaming"" was released"
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"prism from ""The Dark Side of the Moon"". Included with the box set was a hardcover book chronicling the career of Pink Floyd from its inception to the late 1980s and an envelope of postcards depicting artwork from the included seven albums and the cover of the set itself. As the collection was meant to showcase the best of Pink Floyd, the decision was made to not include the soundtrack albums ""More"" or ""Obscured by Clouds"", or the albums ""Ummagumma"", ""Atom Heart Mother"" and ""The Final Cut"". The band's first album, ""The Piper at the Gates of Dawn"" was not"
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"says that ""Piper"" became known as a concept album in later years, because listeners wanted to play it all the way through rather than pick out a favourite song. While Beatles biographer Philip Norman agrees that ""Piper"" is a concept album, other authors contend that Pink Floyd did not start making concept albums until 1973's ""The Dark Side of the Moon"". Author George Reisch called Pink Floyd the ""undisputed"" kings of the concept album, but only starting from ""Dark Side"". In July 2006, ""Billboard"" described ""The Piper at the Gates of Dawn"" as ""one of the best psychedelic rock albums"
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"Chapter 24 ""Chapter 24"" is a song from Pink Floyd's 1967 album ""The Piper at the Gates of Dawn"". This song was one of several to be considered for the band's ""best of"" album, """". It was the second song recorded for the album. It was written by Syd Barrett and its lyrics are inspired by text from chapter 24 of the ancient Chinese tome ""I Ching"" (""The Book of Changes""), similar to While My Guitar Gently Weeps by The Beatles. The translation Barrett referenced is not known, but phrases from the lyric can be found in the Richard Wilhelm"
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"May 1967, an event set up by both Jenner and King. Jenner and King's diverse array of social connections were meritorious, gaining the band important coverage in ""The Financial Times"" and ""The Sunday Times"". Jenner's voice can be heard at the start of Pink Floyd's 1967 ""Astronomy Domine"", the opening track on the album ""The Piper at the Gates of Dawn (UK edition)."" Jenner and King formed a partnership with Pink Floyd called Blackhill Enterprises. As the relationship between Syd Barrett and the other three members of Pink Floyd deteriorated, Jenner and King, believing Barrett to be the principal songwriter"
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"actor Nigel Planer recorded this song as ""Neil,"" his character in the UK sitcom ""The Young Ones"", in 1984. It appeared on his ""Heavy Concept"" album. The Gnome ""The Gnome"" is a song by the English rock band Pink Floyd. Written by Syd Barrett, it is the eighth song on their 1967 debut album, ""The Piper at the Gates of Dawn"". The song tells the tale of a scarlet tunic wearing gnome named Grimble Gromble (often incorrectly spelled Grumble). The lyrics ostensibly ""came off the top [of Barrett's] head"". Reportedly, the song also draws its inspiration from J. R. R."
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"the group in 1985. The band recorded several albums, achieving worldwide success with ""The Dark Side of the Moon"" (1973), ""Wish You Were Here"" (1975), ""Animals"" (1977), and ""The Wall"" (1979); all except ""Animals"" reached number one in the US. ""The Dark Side of the Moon"" is one of the best-selling albums in the world and ""The Wall"" is the highest-certified multiple-disc album by the Recording Industry Association of America. In 1986, Waters declared Pink Floyd ""a spent force"" and sued to dissolve their partnership and retire the name Pink Floyd, but the remaining members, led by Gilmour, continued recording"
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"The Wall The Wall is the eleventh studio album by English rock band Pink Floyd. It was released as a double album on 30 November 1979 in the United Kingdom by Harvest Records and in the United States by Columbia Records. Bassist and songwriter Roger Waters conceived the album as a rock opera during Pink Floyd's 1977 In the Flesh Tour, when his frustration with the audience became so acute that he spat on them. Its story explores Pink, a jaded rockstar character that Waters modeled after himself and the band's original leader Syd Barrett. Pink's life begins with the"
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"and performed their first live concert on a float for their town Ayabe's Christmas parade, in junior high school. After giving up music for a while because of how busy basketball club was making them, Alex, Bob and Syu reformed as a three-member band, inspired by the music of The Doors. Ric joined the band later, performing keyboards, and the group became more interested in psychedelic music, as well as the music of The Velvet Underground and Pink Floyd's debut album ""The Piper at the Gates of Dawn"" (1967) when they continued to play through their high school years. In"
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"Piper at the Gates of Dawn"" in August 1967. The album peaked at number 6, spending 14 weeks on the UK charts. One month later, it was released under the Tower Records label. Pink Floyd continued to draw large crowds at the UFO Club; however, Barrett's mental breakdown was by then causing serious concern. The group initially hoped that his erratic behaviour would be a passing phase, but some were less optimistic, including Jenner and his assistant, June Child, who commented: ""I found [Barrett] in the dressing room and he was so ... gone. Roger Waters and I got him"
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"Sam"", which is also on ""The Piper at the Gates of Dawn"". The song also appears on two Pink Floyd compilation albums: ""Relics"" (1971) and """" (2001); it serves as the closing track on both albums. Bike (song) ""Bike"" is a song by British rock band Pink Floyd, which is the final track featured on their 1967 debut album, ""The Piper at the Gates of Dawn"". In the song, Syd Barrett's lyrical subject shows a girl his bike (which he borrowed); a cloak; a homeless, aging mouse that he calls Gerald; and a clan of gingerbread men, because she ""fits"
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"Belloc's ""Cautionary Tales"", i.e. and , whereas the chorus is the same as in the standard version. A different, stereo remix of the same alternative version was also released on the Barrett compilation, ""An Introduction to Syd Barrett"" in 2010. Extended version of this 2010 mix appeared in the Pink Floyd compilation box set The Early Years 1965–1972. Matilda Mother ""Matilda Mother"" is a song by British band Pink Floyd, featured on their 1967 debut album, ""The Piper at the Gates of Dawn"". Written by Syd Barrett, it is sung mostly by Richard Wright with Barrett joining in on choruses"
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"a 1967 ""Dr. Strange"" comic book story, drawn by Marie Severin. This is the first of several Pink Floyd album covers that were designed by Hipgnosis, and was only the second time that an EMI group (The Beatles were the first) was permitted to hire outside designers for an album jacket. The album was released in the UK on Monday, 01 July 1968 on EMI's Columbia label as both mono and stereo LPs, reaching number 9 in the UK charts. It was released in the US by the Tower Records division of Capitol, where it remains the only Pink Floyd"
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"aspects of the work and the other to the artistic direction. The Radiophonic Workshop published ""Radiophonics in the BBC"" in November 1963, listing all equipment used in their two workshops, diagrams of several systems, and a number of anecdotes. The Radiophonic Workshop also contributed articles to magazines of its experiments, complete with instructions and wiring diagrams. British psychedelic rock group Pink Floyd made a memorable trip to the workshop in 1967. They had employed tape loops, sound effects, found sounds and the principles of musique concrete on their debut album ""The Piper At The Gates of Dawn"" from that same"
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"Pink Floyd founder Syd Barrett wrote Dan Dare into his song ""Astronomy Domine"", from the band's debut album ""The Piper at the Gates of Dawn"", with the line ""Stairway scare, Dan Dare, who's there?"" David Bowie's song ""D.J."" contains the somewhat obscure lyric: ""I feel like Dan Dare lies down"" Sir Elton John recorded ""Dan Dare (Pilot Of The Future)"" for his 1975 album ""Rock Of The Westies"". British punk rock group The Mekons included a song ""Dan Dare"" on their album ""The Quality of Mercy is not Strnen"". The album Below the Waste by the Art of Noise opened"
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"the song was released in Spain in 1967, on the La Voz De Su Amo label. All tracks were written by Syd Barrett. See Emily Play ""See Emily Play"" is a song by English rock band Pink Floyd, released as their second single in June 1967. Written by original frontman Syd Barrett and recorded on 23 May 1967, it featured ""The Scarecrow"" as its B-side. It was released as a non-album single, but appeared as the opening track of the American edition of their debut album ""The Piper at the Gates of Dawn"" (1967). ""See Emily Play"" is included in"
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"of Auximines""). Beginning in September 1967, the band played several new compositions. These included ""One in a Million"", ""Scream Thy Last Scream"", ""Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun"" and ""Reaction in G"", the last of which was a song created by the band in response to crowds asking for their hit singles ""See Emily Play"" and ""Arnold Layne"". Barrett resurrected the track ""Lucifer Sam"" with his short-lived 1972 band Stars. All songs written and sung by Syd Barrett unless otherwise noted Pink Floyd Production Footnotes Citations The Piper at the Gates of Dawn The Piper at the"
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"Bike (song) ""Bike"" is a song by British rock band Pink Floyd, which is the final track featured on their 1967 debut album, ""The Piper at the Gates of Dawn"". In the song, Syd Barrett's lyrical subject shows a girl his bike (which he borrowed); a cloak; a homeless, aging mouse that he calls Gerald; and a clan of gingerbread men, because she ""fits in with [his] world."" With each repetition of the chorus, a sudden percussive noise is heard similar to the firing of two gunshots. Towards the end of the song, he offers to take her into a"
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"In the Flesh? ""In the Flesh?"" (working title, ""The Show?"") is a song by the English rock band Pink Floyd, released on their 1979 album, ""The Wall"". The title is a reference to the band's 1977 In the Flesh Tour, during which Roger Waters, in frustration, spat at a fan attempting to climb the fence separating the band from the crowd. Waters has said that the main chord sequence and melody was not initially part of ""The Wall"", but was borrowed from ""The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking"", which Waters wrote at the same time as ""The Wall"", but"
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"and both bass and guitar with The Hollerin' Blues the next summer. In 1964, Barrett and Gausden saw Bob Dylan perform. After this performance, Barrett was inspired to write ""Bob Dylan Blues"". Barrett, now thinking about his future, decided to apply for Camberwell College of Arts in London. Barrett enrolled in the college in the summer of 1964 to study painting. Starting in 1964, the band that would become Pink Floyd evolved through various line-up and name changes including ""The Abdabs"", ""The Screaming Abdabs"", ""Sigma 6"", and ""The Meggadeaths"". In 1965, Barrett joined them as the Tea Set (sometimes spelled"
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"his ""questions to Heaven"""". Thus, beginning with the ""Heavenly Questions"" contained in the ""Chu Ci"" anthology of the third or fourth century BCE, then progressing to the eighth or ninth century work of Li He influenced by Qu Yuan's ""Heavenly Questions"", and continuing on into the twentieth century with Graham's translation, and through the subsequent use of this motif by Roger Waters in the lyrics for a song by the popular music band Pink Floyd, and then subsequently as cover versions of that song in the twenty-first century, ""Heavenly Questions"" has had a long and enduring influence upon poetry and"
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"The Division Bell The Division Bell is the fourteenth studio album by the English progressive rock band Pink Floyd, released on 28 March 1994 by EMI Records in the United Kingdom and on 4 April by Columbia Records in the United States. The second Pink Floyd album recorded without founding member Roger Waters, ""The Division Bell"" was written mostly by guitarist and singer David Gilmour and keyboardist Richard Wright; it features Wright's first lead vocal on a Pink Floyd album since ""The Dark Side of the Moon"" (1973). Gilmour's fiancée, novelist Polly Samson, co-wrote many of the lyrics, which deal"
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"one of three known Pink Floyd songs to refer to an eiderdown, (better known to Americans as a comforter). The other two songs are ""Julia Dream"", the B-side to a 1968 single, and ""A Pillow of Winds"" from the ""Meddle"" album. A live version of ""Flaming"" (at that time known as ""Snowing"") was played in London's All Saints Hall in 1966. A live version of the song, with Gilmour in Barrett's place, was shown on French television. The song opened with a slide whistle played by bassist Roger Waters. Flaming (song) ""Flaming"" (formerly titled ""Snowing"") is a song by English"
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"Breathe (Pink Floyd song) ""Breathe"" (sometimes called ""Breathe (In The Air)"") is a song by progressive rock band Pink Floyd on their 1973 album ""The Dark Side of the Moon"". The authorship and composition of this song is credited to David Gilmour, Richard Wright and Roger Waters for the music, and Waters for the lyrics. ""Dark Side"", admitted the latter, ""is a little adolescent and naïve in its preoccupations, but I'm not belittling it. It's like a rather wonderful, naïve painting. 'Breathe in the air / Don't be afraid to care' – that's the opening couplet. Well, yeah, I can"
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"of Pink Floyd's 1971 breakthrough album ""Meddle"", while the album's opening track, ""One of These Nights"", is a homage to the ""Meddle""'s ""One of These Days"". Judd recruited producer Sanford Parker to lead the album’s production and audio engineering, and veteran drummer Tony Laureano. Other guest artists were featured on the album, including Bruce Lamount of Yakuza, who provided a saxophone solo on the track “Oceanborn”. The band uploaded ""Your True Enemy"", a song from ""Assassins"", onto their MySpace page in February 2008, and the title track ""Assassins"" in April 2008. Daymare Recordings released a Japanese version of ""Assassins: Black"
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What 1963 Alfred Hitchcock movie, which introduced the ever so talented Tippi Hedren, took place at the lovely Northern California town of Bodega Bay?
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"a nuclear power plant received significant negative attention from local citizens, beginning in 1958. By 1964, the plans for the plant were abandoned. Bodega Bay was the setting for the 1963 Alfred Hitchcock film, ""The Birds"", starring Rod Taylor, Tippi Hedren and Suzanne Pleshette. In October 2017, Bodega Bay, on the northwest edge of Sonoma County, served as a site of refuge and supply depot for evacuees from an historic fast-moving destructive fire in northern California. People from Santa Rosa and other regions affected by the raging wildfire started pouring in not long after the blazes started. Like underwater parks,"
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"1961, after seven years of marriage to the actor Peter Griffith, Hedren divorced and returned to California with her daughter, Melanie Griffith, and rented an expensive home in Sherman Oaks. ""I thought I could continue my career as it had been in New York. I thought everything would be just fine, and it wasn’t. So I thought, well, I don’t type, what shall I do?"" On October 13, 1961, she received a call from an agent who told her a producer was interested in working with her. When she was told it was Alfred Hitchcock who, while he was watching"
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"on 25 reviews. Some critics have inferred that Hitchcock was hoping to groom the relatively unknown Frederick Stafford as a star of his own making, similar to Tippi Hedren; however, Stafford remained an unknown in Hollywood, though he had a lengthy career in European films. The movie earned $3,839,363 in North American rentals in 1970. Topaz (1969 film) Topaz is a 1969 American espionage thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock. Based on the 1967 Cold War novel ""Topaz"" by Leon Uris, the film is about a French intelligence agent who becomes entangled in the Cold War politics of the events"
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"actress he brought from relative obscurity to star in his 1963 film ""The Birds"". Hitchcock becomes infatuated with his leading lady; when she rebuffs his advances, he subjects her to a series of traumatic experiences during the filming of ""The Birds"". Hitchcock's obsession with Hedren continues when she stars in his next production, ""Marnie"". Hedren grows increasingly uncomfortable with his attentions, and decides that she needs to escape the situation. However, she cannot work elsewhere because of her exclusive contract with Hitchcock; this effectively ends her Hollywood career. ""The Girl"" made its television debut in the United States on 20"
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"her name should be printed only in single quotes, 'Tippi'. The press mostly ignored this directive from the director, who felt that the single quotes added distinction and mystery to her name. Hitchcock was impressed with Hedren. As production designer Robert F. Boyle explained, ""Hitch always liked women who behaved like well-bred ladies. Tippi generated that quality."" Afterward, Hedren was invited to lunch with Hitchcock, his wife, Alma, and Lew Wasserman, head of Universal, at one of Hitchcock's favorite restaurants, Chasen's. There she was presented with a golden pin of three birds in flight, adorned by three tiny seed pearls,"
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"became ""The Alfred Hitchcock Hour"" in 1962, and NBC broadcast the final episode on 10 May 1965. In the 1980s, a new version of ""Alfred Hitchcock Presents"" was produced for television, making use of Hitchcock's original introductions in a colourised form. In 1955 Hitchcock became a United States citizen. The same year, his third Grace Kelly film, ""To Catch a Thief"", was released; it is set in the French Riviera, and pairs Kelly with Cary Grant. Grant plays retired thief John Robie, who becomes the prime suspect for a spate of robberies in the Riviera. A thrill-seeking American heiress played"
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"was also inspired by Alfred Hitchcock's 1963 film ""The Birds."" ""The Birds"" starred actress Tippi Hedren, who appeared in Nguyen's earlier film ""Julie and Jack."" ""Birdemic"" includes footage of that appearance, playing on a television. The movie contains several anti-war statements. On the DVD commentary, the director explained that one early inspiration for the movie was the anti-war movie ""Apocalypse Now"", and that at the end of the movie the birds stopped their attack because they wanted to have peace, and to give humans a second chance to help the environment. He said that as production continued, he became more"
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"MOMA series had a booklet with a monograph on the director written by Peter Bogdanovich. The film was screened out of competition in May at a prestigious invitational showing at the 1963 Cannes Film Festival with Hitchcock and Hedren in attendance. Ub Iwerks was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Special Effects. The winner that year was ""Cleopatra"". Tippi Hedren received the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actress in 1964, sharing it with Ursula Andress and Elke Sommer. She also received the Photoplay Award as Most Promising Newcomer. The film ranked No. 1 of"
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"in Hollywood. In his book ""Hitchcock and the Making of Marnie"", Tony Lee Moral revealed that a studio executive at Paramount Pictures suggested actress Lee Remick to Hitchcock for the title role. Eva Marie Saint, star of Hitchcock's ""North by Northwest"" (1959), and Susan Hampshire unsuccessfully pursued the role. Hitchcock also considered two other actresses who were, like Hedren, under his personal contract, Vera Miles and Claire Griswold, wife of director/actor Sydney Pollack. Instead, Hitchcock opted to use Tippi Hedren, a one-time model he had seen in a commercial for a diet drink in 1961, then cast successfully in ""The"
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"number of motion pictures have been filmed using venues within the county. Some of the earliest U.S. filmmaking occurred in Sonoma County such as ""Salomy Jane"" (1914) and one of Broncho Billy Anderson's 1915 Westerns. Many of these films are classics in American cinematography such as the 1947 film ""The Farmer's Daughter"" (starring Joseph Cotten and Loretta Young) and two Alfred Hitchcock films, ""Shadow of a Doubt"" of 1943, filmed and set in Santa Rosa and ""The Birds"" of 1963, filmed largely in Bodega Bay and Bodega. Many other modern classics have used Sonoma County as a filming venue, including"
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"If one doesn't accept them then one doesn't understand and can't possibly like Hitchcock. In the 2012 ""Sight & Sound"" poll of the greatest films ever made, ""Marnie"" received nine total votes—six (out of 846) from critics and three (out of 358) from directors. Notes Bibliography Marnie (film) Marnie is a 1964 American psychological thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock. The screenplay by Jay Presson Allen was based on the 1961 novel of the same name by Winston Graham. The film stars Tippi Hedren and Sean Connery. The music was composed by Bernard Herrmann, his last of seven critically acclaimed"
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"Marnie (film) Marnie is a 1964 American psychological thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock. The screenplay by Jay Presson Allen was based on the 1961 novel of the same name by Winston Graham. The film stars Tippi Hedren and Sean Connery. The music was composed by Bernard Herrmann, his last of seven critically acclaimed film scores for Hitchcock. ""Marnie"" also marked the end of Hitchcock's collaborations with cinematographer Robert Burks (his twelfth film for Hitchcock) and editor George Tomasini (who died later in the year). Margaret ""Marnie"" Edgar (Tippi Hedren) steals $10,000 from her employer's company safe and flees. She"
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"and the Bay Area Ridge Trail, which, while still disjointed, here roughly parallels Skyline Boulevard along the spine of the range. There also exist several backcountry campsites in many of the state parks that enable long distance multi-day outings. Castle Rock State Park has open rock faces suitable for rock climbing and bouldering. The previous historic Old Almaden Winery was located on the eastern slopes of the Santa Cruz Mountains. It was the first commercial winery in California, planting high quality European (French) varietal vines. Film director Alfred Hitchcock and his wife Alma had their primary residence near Scotts Valley,"
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"pet dog Rafian, the chauffeur Hanson, Bavarian brothers Boris and Rover, and movie director Davis Christopher (in place of Alfred Hitchcock). The character ""Skinny Norris"" appears as ""Shutki Terry"" and the famous French thief appears as ""Shopa"". The character Victor Simon in the Bangladeshi edition appears in the place of ""Hector Sebastian"". The stories are generally set in Rocky Beach, California, although the investigators travel to exotic places like Africa and Bangladesh on occasions. Nearly 125 books have been published by now. In Denmark, 13 books were published from 1966-70 by ""Hasselbalch"" under the title """"Alfred Hitchcock og De tre"
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"magazine, critics chose it as the best film ever made. Hitchcock followed ""Vertigo"" with three more successful films, which are also recognised as among his best: ""North by Northwest"" (1959), ""Psycho"" (1960) and ""The Birds"" (1963). In ""North by Northwest"", Cary Grant portrays Roger Thornhill, a Madison Avenue advertising executive who is mistaken for a government secret agent. He is hotly pursued across the United States by enemy agents, including (it appears) Eve Kendall (Eva Marie Saint). Thornhill at first believes Kendall is helping him, then that she is an enemy agent; he eventually learns that she is working undercover"
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"Brando having the flu, and Loren remarrying Carlo Ponti. Filming wrapped on 5 January 1967. This is Tippi Hedren's first feature film after her break with director Alfred Hitchcock. She had high hopes for the film, until she received the script. When she realised that she had a small part as Brando's estranged wife, she asked Chaplin to expand her role. Although Chaplin tried to accommodate her, he could not, as the story mostly takes place on a ship that Hedren's character boards near the end of the film. In the end, she remained in the film and later said"
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"Mr. Hyde"" (1941), ""Father Takes a Wife"" (1941), ""Mexican Spitfire's Baby"" (1941), ""Mexican Spitfire at Sea"" (1942), ""Mexican Spitfire's Elephant"" (1942), ""Mexican Spitfire's Blessed Event"" (1943), ""Pistol Packin' Mama"" (1943), ""The Spider Woman"" (1944), ""Passport to Destiny"" (1944), ""The Picture of Dorian Gray"" (1945), ""The Brighton Strangler"" (1945), ""Mr. Peabody and the Mermaid"" (1948), and ""All Over the Town"" (1949). Lydia Bilbrook Lydia Bilbrook (6 May 1888 – 4 January 1990; sometimes credited as Bilbrooke) was an English actress whose stage and film career spanned four decades. Bilbrook appeared in 23 films between 1916 and 1949; she is probably best"
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"(distributed through Warner Brothers Pictures). The first, ""Under Capricorn"" (released in 1949), in which he played opposite Ingrid Bergman and Joseph Cotten, was shot mostly in London but had final retakes and overdubs filmed in Hollywood. It was one of Hitchcock's few flops. His second film for Hitchcock was the more popular ""Stage Fright"" (released in 1950), also filmed in London, with Marlene Dietrich and Jane Wyman. Thirteen years later, in 1963, Wilding starred in an Alfred Hitchcock Hour episode titled ""Last Seen Wearing Blue Jeans"". Wilcox used him in a film without Neagle, ""Into the Blue"" (1950) and the"
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"""Le Jour Se Lève"". ""I went out to California awfully young,"" she remarked. ""I remember Lillian Hellman and Elia Kazan telling me, 'Don't go, learn your craft.' But I loved films."" The following year, she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the George Stevens film ""I Remember Mama"". She played Richard Widmark's wife Nancy in Kazan's 1950 film noir ""Panic in the Streets"". In 1958, Alfred Hitchcock cast her with James Stewart in ""Vertigo"" as the long-suffering bohemian, Midge. Bel Geddes also starred with Danny Kaye and Louis Armstrong in the screen"
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"birds; in 2009 the number was estimated to be closer to 40 per cage. On August 18, 1961, the ""Santa Cruz Sentinel"" reported that thousands of crazed sooty shearwaters were sighted on the shores of North Monterey Bay in California, regurgitating anchovies, flying into objects, and dying on the streets. The incident sparked the interest of local resident Alfred Hitchcock, along with a story about spooky bird behavior by British writer Daphne du Maurier, helping to inspire Hitchcock's 1963 thriller ""The Birds"", a cautionary tale of nature revolting against man. The film is now ranked among the American Film Institute's"
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"pack up and leave for California. Filming started June 1955. Female lead Karin Booth was married to the grandson of Allan Pinkerton—founder of the world-famous Pinkerton Detective Agency—and producer Edward Small announced plans to star her as a female Pinkerton detective, but no film seems to have resulted. Top Gun (1955 film) Top Gun is a 1955 Western film directed by Ray Nazarro. The plot concerns an ex-gunslinger (Sterling Hayden) who arrives in a small town warning of an impending attack by his old gang. The film features Rod Taylor in one of his first American roles. Rick Martin returns"
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"lit with narrow-spectrum sodium vapor lights. Unlike most compositing processes, SVP actually shoots two separate elements of the footage simultaneously using a beam-splitter. One reel is regular film stock and the other a film stock with emulsion sensitive only to the sodium vapor wavelength. This results in very precise matte shots compared to blue screen special effects, necessary due to ""fringing"" of the image from the birds' rapid wing flapping. The film premiered March 28, 1963 in New York City. The Museum of Modern Art hosted an invitation-only screening as part of a 50-film retrospective of Hitchcock's film work. The"
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"within a comfortable and intimate environment rather than an office. Alma, Lady Hitchcock, a breast cancer survivor, died at the age of 82, two years after her husband's death. She was cremated, and her ashes scattered in the Pacific Ocean. She was portrayed by actresses Imelda Staunton in ""The Girl"" (2012), and Helen Mirren in """"Hitchcock"""" (2012). Staunton was nominated for a BAFTA and a Primetime Emmy for her performance, while Mirren was nominated for BAFTA, Golden Globe and SAG awards for her performance. Screenwriter ""The Constant Nymph"", 1928. ""The First Born"", 1928. ""After the Verdict"", 1929. A ""Romance of"
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"The Girl (2012 TV film) The Girl is a 2012 British television film directed by Julian Jarrold, written by Gwyneth Hughes and produced by the BBC and HBO Films. The film stars Sienna Miller as Tippi Hedren and Toby Jones as Alfred Hitchcock. It is based on Donald Spoto's 2009 book, ""Spellbound by Beauty: Alfred Hitchcock and His Leading Ladies"", which discusses the English film director Hitchcock and the women who played leading roles in his films. ""The Girl""s title was inspired by Hitchcock's alleged nickname for Hedren. The film depicts Hitchcock's alleged obsession with Hedren, the American model and"
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"the movie, in an attempt to prove there's nothing to the story. Hocus Pocus (1993 film) Hocus Pocus is a 1993 American comedy horror fantasy film directed by Kenny Ortega, starring Bette Midler, Kathy Najimy, and Sarah Jessica Parker; written by Neil Cuthbert and Mick Garris, and based on a story by Garris and David Kirschner. It follows a villainous trio of witches, who are inadvertently resurrected by a teenage boy in Salem, Massachusetts. Although it was not a critical or commercial success when it was first released, ""Hocus Pocus"" has become a cult film, largely from annual airings on"
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"since the 1980s, she is also one half of the hat company Bernstock-Speirs. Resort 2013 'Tippi' - Tippi Hedren is famous for playing the lead in the Alfred Hitchcock films ""The Birds"" and ""Marnie"". SS 2013 'Mick' - Mick Jagger is an English singer, member of the Rolling Stones. SS 2013 'Barbara' - Barbara Hepworth was an English sculptor. Pre-AW 13-24 'Arne' - Arne Jacobsen was a world-famous Danish architect. AW 13-14 'Viv' - Vivian Nicholson said ""Spend, spend, spend"" in 1961 when she won the pools in England. Resort 2014 'Paulette' - Paulette Goddard was an American actress in"
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"Gidget Goes to Rome Gidget Goes to Rome is a 1963 Columbia Pictures Eastmancolor feature film starring Cindy Carol as the archetypal high school teen surfer girl originally created by Sandra Dee in the 1959 film ""Gidget"". The film is the third of three Gidget films directed by Paul Wendkos and expands upon Gidget's romance with boyfriend Moondoggie. The screenplay was written by Ruth Brooks Flippen based on characters created by Frederick Kohner. Veterans of previous Gidget films making appearances include James Darren as ""Moondoggie"", Joby Baker, and Jean ""Jeff"" Donnell as Gidget's mom, Mrs. Lawrence. The film has been"
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"Hitchcock's obsession with Hedren were reported in December 2011. ""The Girl"", written by Gwyneth Hughes, would star Toby Jones as Hitchcock and Sienna Miller as Hedren. In a post-production BBC press release about the film in November 2012, Hughes described her enthusiasm when she was approached about the project while on holiday: ""[I] got a phone call from producer Amanda Jenks. She only managed to get out the words 'Alfred Hitchcock and Tippi Hedren' before I was already shouting 'yes yes yes!' to this seductive, sinister, deeply touching story of love and obsession among Hollywood royalty."" Hughes interviewed Hedren and"
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"noted in the ""New York Times"" of 12 September 1963, ""When Gidget, played with the proper pout and correct ingenuousness by Cindy Caroll[sic], arrives in Rome with her group of happy friends, she is bound to fall in love with a married and handsome Italian magazine writer, enjoy such exotic delicacies as fettucini and chicken cacciatore, and experience the thrill of attending a 'Dolce Vita' cocktail party. As one of Gidget's friends explains, it's part of her 'growing up.' Gidget falls out of love in time...and all ends happily. Jeff sums up the entire experience in two immortal sentences: 'I"
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"as they carefully escort Melanie to the car past a mass of birds nearby. The car slowly makes its way through a landscape in which thousands of birds are ominously perching. Residents in the town of Capitola, California awoke on August 18, 1961 to find sooty shearwaters slamming into their rooftops and their streets covered with dead birds. News reports suggested domoic acid poisoning (amnesic shellfish poisoning) as the cause. According to the local ""Santa Cruz Sentinel"", Alfred Hitchcock requested news copy in 1961 to use as ""research material for his latest thriller"". At the end of the same month,"
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"character played by Hedren: ""The film is, to put it simply, sick, and it's so because Hitchcock was sick. He suffered all his life from furious sexual desire, suffered from the lack of its gratification, suffered from the inability to transform fantasy into reality, and then went ahead and did so virtually, by way of his art."" A 1964 ""New York Times"" film review called it Hitchcock's ""most disappointing film in years"", citing Hedren's and Connery's lack of experience, an amateurish script and ""glaringly fake cardboard backdrops"". In the film, Marnie Edgar (Hedren) steals $10,000 () from her employer and"
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"and many movies. Circa 1937, Ray ""Crash"" Corrigan invested in property on the western Santa Susana Pass in California's Simi Valley and Santa Susana Mountains, developing his 'Ray Corrigan Ranch' into the 'Corriganville Movie Ranch.' Most of the Monogram ""Range Busters"" film series, which includes ""Saddle Mountain Roundup"" (1941) and ""Bullets and Saddles"" (1943), were shot here, as well as features such as ""Fort Apache"" (1948), ""The Inspector General"" (1949), ""Mysterious Island"" (1961), and hundreds more . Corrigan opened portions of his vast movie ranch to the public in 1949 on weekends to explore such themed sets as a rustic"
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"Donald Spoto Donald Spoto (born June 28, 1941) is an American biographer and theologian. He is mostly known for his best-selling biographies of film and theatre celebrities. Spoto has written 25 books, including biographies of Alfred Hitchcock, Laurence Olivier, Tennessee Williams, Ingrid Bergman, James Dean, Elizabeth Taylor, Grace Kelly, Marlene Dietrich, Marilyn Monroe, Audrey Hepburn, and Alan Bates. The BBC/HBO television film ""The Girl"" (2012), about Tippi Hedren's experience during the filming of ""The Birds"" (1963), was based in part on Spoto's work on Hitchcock. Spoto has also written biographical accounts of the House of Windsor from the Victorian era"
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According to the tongue twister, who picked a peck of pickled peppers?
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"Peck A peck is an imperial and United States customary unit of dry volume, equivalent to 2 dry gallons or 8 dry quarts or 16 dry pints (9.09 (UK) or 8.81 (US) liters). Two pecks make a kenning (obsolete), and four pecks make a bushel. Although the peck is no longer widely used, some produce, such as apples, is still often sold by the peck. Despite being referenced in the well-known Peter Piper tongue twister, pickled peppers are so rarely sold by the peck that any association between pickled peppers and the peck unit of measurement is considered humorous in"
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"Botter (): Betty Botter bought a bit of butter. The butter Betty Botter bought was a bit bitter And made her batter bitter. But a bit of better butter makes better batter. So Betty Botter bought a bit of better butter Making Betty Botter's bitter batter better The following twister won the ""grand prize"" in a contest in ""Games Magazine"" in 1979: Shep Schwab shopped at Scott's Schnapps shop; One shot of Scott's Schnapps stopped Schwab's watch. Some tongue-twisters take the form of words or short phrases which become tongue-twisters when repeated rapidly (the game is often expressed in the"
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"the Old English verb ""pikka"" (meaning to peck, pick or steal) which became ""piken"" in Middle English, before falling out of use. Part of its meaning survives in modern Dutch ""pikken"", meaning to steal as well as in the old French slang ""piquer"", to snatch, to steal. In Robert Henryson's Fable Collection (late 15th century), in the fable of the Two Mice, the thieving mice are referred to on more than one occasion as 'pykeris': <poem> ""And in the samin thay went, but mair abaid,"" ""Withoutin fyre or candill birnand bricht"" ""For commonly sic pykeris luffis not lycht."" And together"
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"Peter Piper ""Peter Piper"" is an English-language nursery rhyme and well-known alliteration tongue-twister. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 1945. Common modern versions include: The earliest version of this tongue twister was published in ""Peter Piper's Practical Principles of Plain and Perfect Pronunciation"" by John Harris (1756–1846) in London in 1813, which includes a one name tongue-twister for each letter of the alphabet in the same style. However, the rhyme was apparently known at least a generation earlier. Some authors have identified the subject of the rhyme as Pierre Poivre, an eighteenthcentury French horticulturalist and government administrator"
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"her left hand when she was discovered, indicating that she had not had time to defend herself. A grocer, Matthew Packer, implied to private detectives employed by the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee that he had sold some grapes to Stride and the murderer; however, he had told police that he had shut his shop without seeing anything suspicious. At the inquest, the pathologists stated emphatically that Stride had not held, swallowed or consumed grapes. They described her stomach contents as ""cheese, potatoes and farinaceous powder [flour or milled grain]"". Nevertheless, Packer's story appeared in the press. Packer's description of the man"
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"Beetles and had been worsted; he asked for Peter's help, and Peter said he was too busy. Then he met an old woman, who asked what he was carrying; he said cinders, she said that, very well, it was cinders, and when he got to the castle, the pearls turned into cinders. He did not tell what had happened when he came home. Paul tried, and met the same fate. Jesper tried; he helped the king of the ants, who won the field with him, and told the old woman of his pearls. The old woman begged some food from"
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"Stealing Peaches ""Stealing Peaches"" (), also variously translated as ""The Peach Theft"", ""Theft of the Peach"", ""Stolen Peaches"", and ""Stealing a Peach"", is a short story by Pu Songling, first published in ""Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio"" (1740). It is told in first person by Pu himself, and revolves around a magic trick similar to the Indian rope trick; Pu claims to have witnessed it personally as a child. While in Jinan, Shandong, a young Pu Songling and his friends are partaking in Chinese New Year festivities at the town hall. A wandering magician and his son come by,"
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"form ""Say this phrase three (or five, or ten, ""etc."") times as fast as you can!""). Some examples include: A Proper Copper Coffee Pot. The sixth sitting sheet-slitter slit six sheets. Irish Wristwatch, Swiss Wristwatch. Pad kid poured curd pulled cold. Peggy Badcock. In 2013, a psychologist at an Acoustical Society of America conference claimed that “Pad kid poured curd pulled cod"" is the trickiest twister to date. Shibboleths, that is, phrases in a language that are difficult for someone who is not a native speaker of that language to say might be regarded as a type of tongue-twist. An"
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"butcher. The butcher, having no currency on him, bartered a measure of turnip-seed with the peasant, offering should the peasant return to him with the measure of rapeseed he would exchange a Brabant thaler for each seed. The peasant returned home with the seed, however, he lost one seed out of the bag on the way. The next day, the butcher paid him per agreement minus the one missing seed. On his way back from the butcher, the peasant passed where he dropped the seed and saw it had sprouted into a tree which reached up to the heavens. The"
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"She was still holding a packet of cachous (breath freshening sweets) in her left hand when she was discovered, indicating that she had not had time to defend herself. A grocer, Matthew Packer, implied to two private detectives employed by the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee, Le Grand and Batchelor, that he had sold some grapes to Stride and the murderer; however, he had told police sergeant Stephen White that he had shut his shop without seeing anything suspicious. At the inquest, the pathologists stated emphatically that Stride had not held, swallowed or consumed grapes. They described her stomach contents as ""cheese,"
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"lead pencils"". Later in the story, when Sam Tucker actually catches ""Lead Pencil"", its huge size proves that Finley's earlier description or suspected ""whopper"" about the fish was no exaggeration. ""Boxoffice"" also gave theater owners ""catchlines"" or promotional phrases to use on their marquees and to send to newspapers and local radio stations to publicize ""The Southerner"". In addition to ""There Were Two Loves in His [Sam Tucker's] Life—His Family and His Farm"", one other catchline given by ""Boxoffice"" to exploit the fishing angle, though misleading, was ""Things Went From Bad to Pieces . . . Until Fisherman's Luck Changed"
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"mushroom which then resembles an egg cup. Simple Simon (Stan Laurel) is seen fishing with a fish on his hook and catching worms instead of the other way around. The Pieman (Oliver Hardy) is busy tending a large stack of his pies on a wagon. Laurel refuses an offered pie, but picks one from the middle of the stack, which alarms Hardy, fearing the stack will collapse. Nothing happens, however and a reassured Hardy tries to do the same. When the stack collapses and one of the pies lands on his head, he looks angrily at Laurel. Laurel swallows his"
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"of Mauritius, who once investigated the Seychelles' potential for spice cultivation. Numerous allusions have been made to Peter Piper in popular culture. Peter Piper ""Peter Piper"" is an English-language nursery rhyme and well-known alliteration tongue-twister. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 1945. Common modern versions include: The earliest version of this tongue twister was published in ""Peter Piper's Practical Principles of Plain and Perfect Pronunciation"" by John Harris (1756–1846) in London in 1813, which includes a one name tongue-twister for each letter of the alphabet in the same style. However, the rhyme was apparently known at least"
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"""5 minutes ago"". Simpson takes the sword and recognizes a certain scent on the sword handle. The next day, just before Homer is hanged for the murders, Simpson arrives, declaring Homer innocent due to the smell of eel pie on the handle, which Wiggum loves to eat. Officer Lou then reveals that Wiggum has muttonchops as well, exposing him as Jack the Ripper. He starts to explain that he just wanted to come up with a case that Simpson herself could not solve, but then flees in a hot-air balloon stolen from Professor Frink, but it gets pierced by a"
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"a black sharecropper who worked on land owned by John Irvin, a white man. While she and her son were working in her vegetable garden, Irvin approached them, and demanded the return of a pair of pliers. Thompson's son said that he had already returned the tool. Irvin began to accuse the boy of stealing the pliers, verbally berating him, and kicked him several times in the back. Thompson confronted the landowner over her son and they argued. Shocked that Thompson challenged him, Irvin demanded that she ""get off his place."" By evicting Thompson, Irvin took her home, income, and"
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"in ""Stealing Peaches""; others show scenes from entries such as ""Yingning"" and ""The Painted Skin"". Stealing Peaches ""Stealing Peaches"" (), also variously translated as ""The Peach Theft"", ""Theft of the Peach"", ""Stolen Peaches"", and ""Stealing a Peach"", is a short story by Pu Songling, first published in ""Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio"" (1740). It is told in first person by Pu himself, and revolves around a magic trick similar to the Indian rope trick; Pu claims to have witnessed it personally as a child. While in Jinan, Shandong, a young Pu Songling and his friends are partaking in Chinese"
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"was brought in a wineglass and a distracted Reach, unable to distinguish it by colour from his glass of claret, had to be stopped by his friend from drinking the ink. Another tale, told by Thackeray, concerned the pronunciation of his name. On their first meeting, Thackeray reportedly pronounced Reach's name to rhyme with ""beach"", and the latter informed him that the correct rendering was disyllabic: ""REE-ack"". Thackeray apologised for his mistake but later, when offering Reach dessert from a bowl of peaches, asked him ""Mr Re-ak, will you take a pe-ak?"" In 1854 Reach suffered an attack described variously"
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"the Egg"" and ""The Sneetches and Other Stories"". In the first tongue twister, Hooey the parrot reads the book of ""Oh Say Can You Say"" and states that the words in it are all phooey, and when one says them, one's lips will make slips and backflips, and one's tongues may end up in St. Louie. In the second one, a diner owner Finney sells 3 platters of fish which are fresh, fresher, and freshest to which he considers French-fried. In the third one, a skeletal Apatosaurus Dinn at a museum loses his left front shinbones, but with his handy"
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"and other hazards if he ever attempts to escape. After rescuing a spider from being squashed by his aunts, James meets a mysterious man with a bag of magic green ""crocodile tongues"", which he gives to James to make his life better. The man instructs him not to lose the ""tongues"" and disappears. When James is returning to the house, he trips and the ""tongues"" escape into the ground. This transforms a peach on a withered old tree into enormous proportions. Spiker and Sponge sell tickets to view the giant peach. James crawls inside a large hole he inadvertently creates"
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"answers it for her (as he seems to think that only he can speak), ending with ""replied Mable"". Salad Fingers calls her his new playmate and compliments her on her dress, and as he does this, Marjory Stewart-Baxter is seen in the window, jealous. Salad Fingers offers ""Mable"" some ""Pease Pudding"", which he feeds to her with a dirty, rusty spoon. The crow then swoops down and steals Salad Fingers's spoon. Salad Fingers and the little girl giggle and she says that the crow must like spoons too. The shock of the girl speaking to him, thus meaning the girl"
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"time he engaged in a drunken brawl in De Fonclaire's Tavern in Johnstown, which was frequented by both Canadian and American trappers. One of the Canadian Indians, hearing the name of Stoner, pulled out his scalping knife and boasted of the nine notches indicating scalps taken during the Revolution. He pointed to one, cut deeper than the others, and said that this ""was the scalp of old Stoner!"" (Nicholas' father) Hearing this Stoner grabbed a red-hot andiron and threw it at the Indian, yelling ""You never will scalp another one!"" The iron burned a brand across the Indian's neck and"
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"about a hundred yards, talking familiarly all the while. One of them now jumped on a fallen tree and, without giving the least warning of his intention, launched his spear at McIntyre and lodged it in his left side. The person who committed this wanton act was described as a young man with a speck or blemish on his left eye. That he had been lately among us was evident from his being newly shaved. The group was pursued by the settlers with muskets, but they escaped. McIntyre was taken back to the settlement, gravely wounded. Tench suspected that McIntyre"
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"pitched it to his friend Al Trace, bandleader of the Silly Symphonists. Trace liked the song and recorded it. It became a huge hit, most notably with the Merry Macs' 1944 recording. The scholars Iona and Peter Opie have noted that the last two lines of the song appear in an old catch which, when said quickly, appears to be in Latin: <poem>In fir tar is, In oak none is, In mud eels are, In clay none are, Goat eat ivy, Mare eat oats.</poem> They trace the origin of the joke to a manuscript of about 1450 which has ""Is"
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"Story of Chicken-Licken"" by Joseph Orchard Halliwell. In this Chicken-licken was startled when ""an acorn fell on her bald pate"" and encounters the characters Hen-len, Cock-lock, Duck-luck, Drake-lake, Goose-loose, Gander-lander, Turkey-lurkey and Fox-lox. It was followed in 1850 by ""The wonderful story of Henny Penny"" in Joseph Cundall's compilation, ""The Treasury of pleasure books for young children"". Each story there is presented as if it were a separate book, and in this case had two illustrations by Harrison Weir. In reality the story is a repetition of the Chambers narration in standard English, except that the dialect phrase ""so she"
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"through with his sword, which caused his death"". Saunders was either a ""convict, an escaped bond servant, a soldier, or a rival trader who competed with Girty and murdered him to steal his trade goods"". Samuel Sauders was subsequently arrested, tried in Philadelphia, convicted of manslaughter, and imprisoned. One source says that Simon Girty the Elder's head was split with a tomahawk by an Indian called ""The Fish"", and that John Turner, his half-brother, avenged Girty by killing ""The Fish"". Thomas McKee and George Gibson applied for Simon Girty the Elder's estate (his house and land) and persuaded William Plumsted,"
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"Fingers is holding a piece of torn newspaper, imagining it is a letter from the Great War (presumably from his ""brother"") and reading it aloud to himself. As he reads, a tentacle-like branch snakes in through the door to Salad Fingers' bedroom. Salad Fingers picks up the branch and bites off the tip, resulting in something sobbing ""Daddy, that really hurt!"" off-screen. Salad Fingers goes to the window and sees the branch-tentacle being retracted into the tree outside. He walks out to the tree, calling it ""Mr. Branches"" and has a conversation with it about its injury, apparently forgetting it"
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"between them and continued for more than half an hour until a native armed with a spear came forward and stopped at a distance of twenty to thirty yards from the party. Phillip extended his hand and called to him, advancing at the same time. However, as the governor came nearer to the native it only seemed to terrify him further and subsequently fixed his lance in his throwing-stick and aimed it at him. Phillip thought to retreat would be more dangerous than to advance and so he called out ""Weeree Weeree"" (bad; you are doing wrong). Watkin Tench reports"
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"has come to love. However, later, Flipper returns to the Ricks' pen, much to Sandy's delight, but devours Porter's entire catch of pompano, which were caught only thanks to Flipper guiding Sandy to the fish. The loss is keenly felt due to a red plague killing local fish in large numbers. Porter harshly berates Sandy for allowing Flipper to jump into the holding pen of valuable fish waiting to go to market, ""What's wrong with you boy? How old are you, 12, almost in your teens? Or are you a child who doesn't have the sense to know what his"
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"He was soon released after the confirmation of his alibis. Pizer was called as a witness at Chapman's inquest to clear his name, and demolish the false lead that ""Leather Apron"" was the killer. Pizer successfully obtained monetary compensation from at least one newspaper that had named him as the murderer, and the name ""Leather Apron"" was soon supplanted by ""Jack the Ripper"" as the media's favourite moniker for the murderer. The police made several other arrests. Ship's cook William Henry Piggott was detained after being found in possession of a blood-stained shirt while making misogynist remarks. He claimed that"
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"a chandler and grocer named Peter Split, at Woodford. Although the identities of the perpetrators are unknown, Turpin may have been involved. Two nights later they struck again, at the Woodford home of a gentleman named Richard Woolridge, a Furnisher of Small Arms in the Office of Ordnance at the Tower of London. In December Jasper and Samuel Gregory, John Jones, and John Wheeler, attacked the home of John Gladwin (a higler) and John Shockley, in Chingford. On 19 December Turpin and five other men raided the home of Ambrose Skinner, a 73-year-old farmer from Barking, leaving with an estimated"
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"a tract where most of the trees had been cut down in preparation for a coffee plantation. Disappointed after collecting with no luck, Pring observed what he thought to be a ""Maxillaria"". He climbed the tree and came down with the plant in his mouth. Upon further examination he discovered he had found the coveted chinela. Pring wrote: ""In my excitement I forgot my guide and rushed to tell Hunter, 'I've found it, I've found it.'"" They feverishly combed all the fallen trees and collected thirty good specimens. Pring added: ""Such a clearing is undoubtedly the orchid collector's paradise."" Traveling"
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"phrase ""pay the piper"", although the phrase is actually a contraction of the English proverb ""he who pays the piper calls the tune"" which simply means that the person paying for something is the one who gets to say how it should be done. The present-day City of Hamelin continues to maintain information about the Pied Piper legend and possible origins of the story on its website. Interest in the city's connection to the story remains so strong that in 2009, Hamelin held a tourist festival to mark the 725th anniversary of the disappearance of the town's earlier children. The"
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"with many different versions, the ""cradle-trick."" Chaucer improves on his sources with his detailed characterisation and sly humour linking the act of grinding corn with sex. The northeastern accent of the two clerks is also the earliest surviving attempt in English to record a dialect from an area other than that of the main writer. Chaucer's works are written with traces of the southern English or London accent of himself and his scribes, but he extracts comedy from imitating accents. Symkyn is a miller who lives in Trumpington near Cambridge and who steals wheat and meal brought to him for"
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Keith Moon, Ginger Baker, Charlie Watts, Buddy Rich, Phil Collins and Karen Carpenter are all what type of musician?
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"The Phil Collins Big Band The Phil Collins Big Band was a side project of English rock drummer, singer and musician Phil Collins, which performed in 1996 and 1998. Although best known for his work in pop as a solo artist and progressive rock with Genesis, one of Collins' earliest influences had been the American big band drummer Buddy Rich. The group presented big band renditions of Collins and Genesis songs, including hits such as ""Sussudio"" and ""Invisible Touch"". The group was primarily an instrumental act, with Collins remaining behind the drums, like the early days of Genesis and rarely"
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"3 Doors Down, Velvet Revolver, Bon Jovi, Stephen Cochran, Jewel, Bobby Brown, Sisqo, and Saliva. The Muzik Mafia, (Musically Artistic Friends In Alliance) was a ragtag collection of unique and talented musician friends and collaborators. It is most responsible for the birth and early feeding of country acts like, Big & Rich, and Gretchen Wilson. It was the creative brainstorm of four friends known affectionately as the original founding “Godfathers,” Big Kenny, John Rich (of Big & Rich), R&B/rock/country singer songwriter Jon Nicholson, and music publisher/executive Cory Gierman. All four steeped in the same eclectic musical mix. Together they decided"
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"violinist. Carter has won ""Down Beat"" magazine's Critics and Readers Choice award for baritone saxophone several years in a row. He has performed, toured and played on albums with Lester Bowie, Julius Hemphill, Frank Lowe & the Saxemble, Kathleen Battle, the World Saxophone Quartet, Cyrus Chestnut, Wynton Marsalis, Dee Dee Bridgewater and the Mingus Big Band. Carter is an authority on vintage saxophones, and he owns an extensive collection of them, including one formerly played by Don Byas. With Karrin Allyson With the Art Ensemble of Chicago With Ginger Baker and the DGQ20 With Kathleen Battle With Hamiet Bluiett with"
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"the instrument; bassist Ray Brown (1926–2002), known for backing Beboppers Dizzy Gillespie, Oscar Peterson, Art Tatum and Charlie Parker, and forming the Modern Jazz Quartet; hard bop bassist Ron Carter (born 1937), who has appeared on 3,500 albums make him one of the most-recorded bassists in jazz history, including LPs by Thelonious Monk and Wes Montgomery and many Blue Note Records artists; and Paul Chambers (1935–1969), a member of the Miles Davis Quintet (including the landmark modal jazz recording ""Kind of Blue"") and many other 1950s and 1960s rhythm sections, was known for his virtuosic improvisations. The experimental post 1960s"
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"Ball, The Beach Boys, The Beatles, The Bobs, Bonerama, Charles Brown, Oscar Brown, Jr., Henry Butler, Jon Cleary, Nat King Cole, Shawn Colvin, Ry Cooder, Elvis Costello, Dr. John, Dave Edmunds, Eliane Elias, Georgie Fame, Finn Brothers, Ella Fitzgerald, John Fogerty, Fountains of Wayne, Michael Franks, Marvin Gaye, Gilberto Gil, The Hi-Lo's, Dan Hicks, Dick Hyman, Jamiroquai, Louis Jordan, Keb' Mo', Sonny Landreth, Lenine, Los Lobos, Lyle Lovett, Phillip Manuel, Peter Martin, Paul McCartney, The Meters, Van Morrison, Mr. Scruff, Randy Newman, Rosa Passos, Nicholas Payton, Alan Price, Brian Protheroe, The Quantic Soul Orchestra, The Radiators, Bonnie Raitt, Marcus Roberts,"
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"country, pop and R&B music he heard on the radio. Weeks counts bassists Ron Carter, James Jamerson, and Ray Brown as early influences. Weeks has worked in the studio and/or toured with artists as varied as: Gregg Allman, David Bowie, Clarence ""Gatemouth"" Brown, Roy Buchanan, Jimmy Buffett, Kevin Chalfant, Eric Clapton, Buddy Guy, Hank Crawford, Robert Cray, Pino Daniele, Bo Diddley, The Doobie Brothers, Aretha Franklin, Vince Gill, Isaac Hayes, George Harrison, Donny Hathaway, Etta James, Billy Joel, Rickie Lee Jones, Wynonna Judd, Chaka Khan, B.B. King, Lyle Lovett, Gail Davies, David Lee Roth, Michael McDonald, Don McLean, John Mayer,"
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"bands. [4] Kevon Glickman Kevon Glickman (born November 5, 1960) is an American music producer and entertainment lawyer responsible for facilitating the careers of platinum artists The Fugees, Lauryn Hill, Wyclef Jean, Cypress Hill, Kris Kross, Flo Rida, Rick Ross, Trina, among many others. Glickman is currently principal at Offit Kurman, attorneys at law and talent manager/digital mobile distributor for Blingnot Media, LLC.[1] Among many other accolades, Glickman is noted for the highest selling hip hop album of all time, Fugees' ""The Score"". Previously, Glickman has represented Rick Ross, whose first two albums entered #1 on Billboard's Pop Album chart;"
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"Rob Cavallo Robert Siers ""Rob"" Cavallo (born March 21, 1963) is an American record producer, musician, and record industry executive. Primarily known for his production work with Green Day, he has also worked with Linkin Park, My Chemical Romance, Eric Clapton, the Goo Goo Dolls, the Dave Matthews Band, Kid Rock, Jawbreaker, Alanis Morissette, Black Sabbath, Phil Collins, Paramore, Sixpence None the Richer, Lil Peep, Shinedown, and Meat Loaf. He is also a multiple Grammy Award winner. Cavallo plays multiple instruments and has professional credits for his bass, keyboard, organ, piano, guitar and percussion work. Cavallo was born in Washington,"
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"Gilli Moon Gillian Aliotti, who works as Gilli Moon, is an Italian-born, Australian-raised, Los Angeles-based singer-songwriter, record producer. She is the co-founder and president of Songsalive!, a song writing organisation, and one of the co-producers of the Los Angeles Women's Music Festival. Moon has released six studio albums, ""Girl in the Moon"" (1998), ""temperamental angel"" (2001), which includes bass player Christopher Maloney, ""Woman"" (2003), which includes a slow arrangement of INXS' Need You Tonight, ""extraOrdinary life"" (2005), ""the Stillness"" (2010) and ""Skillz"" (2009), the latter with artist and poet Jeff Walker. Moon had married Walker in August 2007. She has"
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"Peter Collins (record producer) Peter Collins (born 15 January 1951) is an English record producer, arranger, and audio engineer. He has produced records by Gary Moore, Bon Jovi, Billy Squier, Rush, Air Supply, Alice Cooper, Nik Kershaw, Blancmange, Suicidal Tendencies, Queensrÿche, Indigo Girls, Nanci Griffith, Jermaine Stewart, Jane Wiedlin, October Project, The Cardigans, Rosetta Stone, Josh Joplin, Tracey Ullman, Drake Bell and The Brian Setzer Orchestra. In 1976 Collins was signed to Magnet Records and formed a group called Madison, along with Sippy, Peter Spooner and Page 3 girl Cherri Gilham, to perform the pop song ""Let It Ring"". Collins"
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"Keith Wyatt Keith Wyatt is a Los Angeles-based guitarist, educator performer, teacher, writer, and developer of music curriculum and educational media. Since 1996, Wyatt has toured and recorded with renowned LA-based “American Music” group The Blasters and is featured on ""4-11-44"" (Rainman Records) and ""Fun On Saturday Night"" (Rip Cat Records). He has also worked with a variety of other groups and artists including Albert Collins, Ginger Baker, Jack Bruce and Robben Ford in Los Angeles and internationally as a solo performer. In 1978, after graduating from the Guitar Institute of Technology (GIT) in Hollywood, California, Wyatt joined the faculty"
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"Rubin, Dee Dee Bridgewater, The Pointer Sisters, Don Byron, Hamiett Bluiett, The Boys Choir of Harlem, Nicolas Payton, David Murray, Aretha Franklin, Savion Glover, Ray Charles, Lionel Hampton, Sam Rivers, Charles Tolliver, Sam and Dave, Bobby Watson & Tailor Made, Archie Shepp, Wilson Pickett, Barry Harris, Muhal Richard Abrams, Stevie Wonder, Paquito D’Rivera, James Zollar, Bobby Short, Chip White, Wilson Pickett, Joey DeFrancesco, Kiane Zawadi, Eli Fountain, Leopaldo Fleming. Patience Higgins Patience Higgins is a New York-based jazz saxophonist, flutist, and multi-reed musician. He also plays clarinet, oboe, and English horn. He has performed with Duke Ellington Orchestra, Barry Harris,"
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"is Dwayne Michael Carter, Jr., also known as Lil Wayne. However, the brothers aren't very involved in producing the records of the hip hop artists. Throughout their lengthy and expansive career, the Albert Brothers have engineered or produced music by many revered and distinguished artists. Artists whose music they have worked on include Jimmy Buffett, The Eagles, The Bee Gees, the Rolling Stones, Frank Zappa, Aretha Franklin, Crosby, Stills, and Nash, Derek and the Dominoes, the Allman Brothers Band, Jimi Hendrix, Buddy Miles, Joe Cocker, Wishbone Ash, Johnny Winter, Betty Wright, John Mellencamp, and Pure Prairie League. A key achievement"
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"players, but his early death prevented him from leaving a legacy. With Pepper Adams With Chet Baker and Art Pepper With Clifford Brown and Max Roach With Curtis Counce With Buddy DeFranco With Victor Feldman With Dizzy Gillespie With Dexter Gordon With Jim Hall With Illinois Jacquet With Richie Kamuca With Harold Land With Oscar Moore With Frank Morgan With Art Pepper With Stuff Smith With Leroy Vinnegar Carl Perkins (pianist) Carl Perkins (August 16, 1928 – March 17, 1958) was an American jazz pianist. Perkins was born in Indianapolis but worked mainly in Los Angeles. He is best known"
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"as well as Eastman, Martin, and Gibson guitars. As leader As sideman or guest George Cole (musician) George Cole (born October 10, 1960) is an American music producer, composer, lyricist, vocalist, session musician, and guitarist. He fronts his own Gypsy jazz/Uptown Swing band and since early 2014 has been the guitarist for the David Grisman Quintet. Before his acoustic music endeavors, he played electric guitar for the pop rock band Beatnik Beatch and Big Blue Hearts. He played on Chris Isaak's platinum Forever Blue album. Cole is also a teacher, and his students include Billie Joe Armstrong and Mike Dirnt"
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"Lincoln Goines, Rodney Whitaker), Charlie Persip Big Band, Bill Perkins, Tino D'Geraldo, Jackie Ryan (Ronnie Scott's in London), Julee Cruise of ""Twin Peaks"" (Warner Brothers American Tour and London Palladium), Billy Peterson, Estaire Godinez, El Buho, Jeff Sipes, Victor Wooten, Rita Coolidge, Tony Joe White, Gonzalo Lasheras. Currently, Schimke is working on a solo album. for references see cduniverse.com or allmusic.com Peter Schimke Peter Schimke (born in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American piano player, songwriter, composer, session musician and producer. Growing up in a musical environment, Schimke started performing live in his early teens. After sitting in on vocals, keyboards"
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"Marx has performed and composed for major networks, most notably for the Lionel Richie Special (2012), Hannah Montana, American Music Awards (2005–2017), Academy of Country Music Awards (2003–2018), CMA Christmas (2012–2017), CMA Awards (2011-2017, 1992 Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony, and the 1985 Grammy Awards. Kerry Marx Kerry Alan Marx is an American guitarist and studio musician, best known for his work with the Grand Ole Opry where he has been staff guitarist since 2000. He has played with many notable musicians including Johnny Cash, Taylor Swift, John Legend, James Taylor, and Steven Tyler. He was guitarist"
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"Keith Olsen Keith Olsen is an American Grammy-winning record producer and sound engineer who has worked with Rick Springfield, Fleetwood Mac, Ozzy Osbourne, the Grateful Dead, Whitesnake, Pat Benatar, Heart, Santana, Saga, Foreigner, Magnum, Journey, Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Joe Walsh, as well as Eric Burdon & the Animals, among others. Olsen was born in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and went to school in Minneapolis, where he developed an appreciation for classical, pop, and jazz music. He gained production experience working in recording studios in the Minneapolis area, and musical and touring experience playing upright bass in jazz and folk"
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"top artists such as Johnny Winter, Eric Clapton, Buddy Guy, Billy Gibbons, Vince Gill, Slash, Brian Setzer, Joe Perry, Derek Trucks, Edgar Winter, Ben Harper, Hubert Sumlin, Rick Derringer, Robben Ford, Joe Bonamassa, James Cotton, Steve Vai, Sonny Landreth, Earl Slick, Dicky Betts, Mark Knopfler, Joe Walsh, Pat Travers, Larry Carlton, Elvin Bishop, Derek St. Holmes (Ted Nugent), Kim Simmonds/Savoy Brown, Gov't Mule, Anders Osborne, Quinn Sullivan, Los Lobos, Tinsley Ellis, Ana Popović, Albert Castilla, Lucky Peterson, Jon Herington, Ronnie Baker Brooks, Wayne Baker Brooks, Mike Zito, JT Taylor (Kool and the Gang), Joe Louis Walker, Samantha Fish, Popa Chubby,"
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"Kevon Glickman Kevon Glickman (born November 5, 1960) is an American music producer and entertainment lawyer responsible for facilitating the careers of platinum artists The Fugees, Lauryn Hill, Wyclef Jean, Cypress Hill, Kris Kross, Flo Rida, Rick Ross, Trina, among many others. Glickman is currently principal at Offit Kurman, attorneys at law and talent manager/digital mobile distributor for Blingnot Media, LLC.[1] Among many other accolades, Glickman is noted for the highest selling hip hop album of all time, Fugees' ""The Score"". Previously, Glickman has represented Rick Ross, whose first two albums entered #1 on Billboard's Pop Album chart; Trina, whose"
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"Thousand Clowns (1965), Wall Street (1987), Bossa Nova (2000), The Lake House (2006), and Whatever Works (2009) In his long career, Buddy Deppenschmidt has played with most of the jazz greats including: Mose Allison, Chet Baker, Keter Betts, Billy Butterfield, Charlie Byrd, John Coates, Jr., Al Cohn, Matt Dennis, Bob Dorough, Herb Ellis, Tal Farlow, Stan Getz, Al Haig, Lionel Hampton, Barry Harris, Coleman Hawkins, Milt Hinton, Shirley Horn, J.J. Johnson, Larry Mc Kenna, James Moody, King Pleasure, Maxine Sullivan, Clark Terry, Joe Venuti and Phil Woods. Charlie Byrd in Greenwich Village (Milestone) Latin Byrd (Milestone) Guitar Guitar (Wounded Bird)"
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"Michael Franks (musician) Michael Franks (born September 18, 1944) is an American jazz singer and songwriter, considered a leader of the quiet storm movement. He has recorded with a variety of well-known artists, such as Patti Austin, Art Garfunkel, Brenda Russell, Claus Ogerman, and David Sanborn. His songs have been recorded by Shirley Bassey, The Carpenters, Kurt Elling, Diana Krall, Patti LaBelle, Lyle Lovett, The Manhattan Transfer, Carmen McRae and Ringo Starr. Franks grew up in southern California with his father Gerald, his mother Betty and two younger sisters. Although no one in his family played music, his parents loved"
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"French impressionist music, Trevor Horn, Flood, Kraftwerk, Can, and Neu!, among others. Charles Reeves Charles ""Chicky"" Reeves is a producer, recording, mixing and mastering engineer working with famous artists such as Prince, UB40, Ray Charles, Tito Puente, Johnny Cash, and Radiohead—as well as MTV's Live at the Ten Spot, VH1 Storytellers, Boyz II Men, Apollo Heights, D-Lite, 247Spys. In 2004, Reeves moved to London with his New-York-schooled-style. He continues to collaborate with artists in the studio as well as mixing front of house for Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark, Grace Jones, Francesca Longrigg, Scarlett Etienne, Dana Boulé, BEF (formerly Heaven"
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"Parker"" by ""The New York Times"". With Geri Allen With Cindy Blackman With Art Blakey With Donald Byrd With Chick Corea With Miles Davis With Marcus Miller With Mulgrew Miller With Wallace Roney With Woody Shaw With Jack Walrath With Cedar Walton With other artists (selected) Kenny Garrett Kenny Garrett (born October 9, 1960) is a Grammy Award-winning American post-bop jazz saxophonist and flautist who gained recognition in his youth as a member of the Duke Ellington Orchestra and of Miles Davis's band. Since then, he has pursued a solo career. Kenny Garrett was born in Detroit, Michigan, on October"
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"stagecraft, and gained a wide reputation in the grooming and coaching of aspiring black and white singers; he started a school in New York named ""For Singers Only"". In 1953, he recorded two bebop Christmas songs for RCA Victor — ""Blink Before Christmas"" and ""Chinchy Old Scrooge"". Created in the heyday of the ""beat"" era, these songs were thick with 1950s hipster slang, in the style of jazz-based pre-rap songs. This recording has become a rare collector's item. With Gil Fuller Phil Moore (jazz musician) Phil Moore (February 20, 1918 – May 13, 1987) was an American jazz pianist, arranger,"
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"person ever to work as a freelance engineer for other artists. Scheiner is considered to be among the most accomplished sound engineers and producers in his field [not identified]. Scheiner has produced and engineered a range of artists, including Foo Fighters, Toto, Jimmy Buffett, Beck, Faith Hill, Steely Dan, Band of Horses, Ricky Martin, Sting, Bruce Hornsby, Paul Simon, B.B. King, George Benson, Chaka Khan, Van Morrison, Donald Fagen, Fleetwood Mac, Queen, Eric Clapton, Jackson Browne, Eagles, Aerosmith, Joe Jackson and Glenn Frey. Scheiner was nominated in 2005 for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Variety or"
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"based on the style and themes of the music regardless of its source. Many are a part of the American Folk Music Revival, including works by Pete Seeger, Woody Guthrie, The Weavers, Burl Ives, and others. A more commercially oriented pop music version of folk emerged in the 1960s, including performers such as The Kingston Trio, The Limeliters, The Brothers Four, Peter, Paul and Mary, Joan Baez, The Highwaymen, Judy Collins, The New Christy Minstrels, and Gordon Lightfoot, as well as counterculture and folk rock performers including Bob Dylan, The Byrds, Arlo Guthrie, and Buffy Sainte-Marie. Folk composer and musician"
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"own unique style and rockabilly had largely disappeared from popular music, although its influences would remain into the future. Bebop, Hard bop, Cool jazz and the Blues gained popularity during the 1950s while prominent Jazz musicians who came into prominence in these genres included Lester Young, Ben Webster, Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Thelonious Monk, Charles Mingus, Art Tatum, Bill Evans, Ahmad Jamal, Oscar Peterson, Gil Evans, Gerry Mulligan, Cannonball Adderley, Stan Getz, Chet Baker, Dave Brubeck, Art Blakey, Max Roach, the Miles Davis Quintet, the Modern Jazz Quartet, Ella Fitzgerald, Ray Charles, Sarah Vaughan, Dinah Washington,"
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"diverse and varied approaches of his music-making in the fields of jazz and popular music and include Branford Marsalis, Ray Charles, Roy Hargrove, Joshua Redman, Horace Silver, Michael Brecker, Nicolas Payton, Kurt Elling, Benny Green, Frank Wess, Ken Peplowski, Wycliffe Gordon, Russell Malone, Frank Foster, George Coleman, Lin Halliday, Betty Carter, Jimmy Heath, Benny Golson, Bobby Hutcherson, Wallace Roney, Diana Krall, Harold Mabern, Renee Rosnes, Clark Terry, the Mingus Big Band, Steve Lacy, Muhal Richard Abrams, Jim Snidero, Eric Alexander, James Spaulding, Buster Williams, Gary Bartz, Dick Oatts, Melvin Rhyne, Ira Sullivan, David Murray, Bobby Broom, Lester Bowie, Slide Hampton,"
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"Phil Cook (musician) Phil Cook is an American guitarist, banjoist, pianist and singer. He is a member of the freak-folk band Megafaun. Before he became a member of Megafaun, Cook was part of DeYarmond Edison, a band led by Bon Iver's Justin Vernon. He also plays in the band Gayngs as well as the Vernon-fronted Shouting Matches. Beyond his musical career, Cook works at the Center for Inquiry Based Learning at Duke University where he ""assembles hands-on science kits for elementary schools."" Cook draws on diverse influences including Bill Evans, Bruce Hornsby, Keith Jarrett, Jerry Douglas, Ry Cooder, Greg Leisz,"
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"He is currently on tour with Roger Waters on his Us & Them world tour. Industry Pink Floyd Roger Waters David Gilmour The Who Pete Townshend Kate Bush Richard Butler Trashmonk Dream Academy Martha Wainwright Bryan Ferry Soul Asylum The Psychedelic Furs Gipsy Kings Live David Broza Fields of the Nephilim Kashmir Peter Perrett Corey Feldman Jon Carin Jon Carin (born October 21, 1964) is a Grammy Award winning musician, singer, songwriter and producer who has been a longtime collaborator with the band Pink Floyd and the solo careers of David Gilmour and Roger Waters, The Who, Pete Townshend, Eddie"
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"include Wayne Bergeron, Eddie Daniels, Eric Marienthal, Andy Martin, David Sanborn, Bob Summers, and the vocal group Take 6. Source: AllMusic Production The Phat Pack The Phat Pack is the third studio album by the jazz ensemble Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band. Goodwin received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Instrumental Arrangement for the song ""Attack of the Killer Tomatoes"". The title is a parody of the Rat Pack, a group of friends and performers during the 1960s which included Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis Jr. Goodwin arranged cover versions of two songs that were associated with the Rat Pack,"
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"Matt Rollings Matt Rollings is an Grammy Award winning American composer, musician and record producer. He plays piano, organ, and keyboards. Known mainly for playing in Lyle Lovett's Large Band, he has worked with many artists, not all country. Matt won the 'Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album' Grammy Award in 2016 for producing the Willie Nelson studio album . Other artists Matt has worked with include Billy Joel, Peter Wolf, Clint Black, Mary Chapin Carpenter, Larry Carlton, Kathy Mattea, Mark Knopfler, Reba McEntire, Suzy Bogguss, Mark Schultz, Beth Nielsen Chapman, Martin Taylor, Richie Sambora, Blues Traveler, and Johnny Hallyday. Rollings"
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The male is a cob, the female a pen, & the young a cygnet: which bird are we talking about?
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"The Trumpet of the Swan The Trumpet of the Swan is a children's novel by E.B. White published in 1970. It tells the story of Louis (pronounced ""LOO-ee"" by the author in the audiobook, a reference to trumpeter Louis Armstrong, a point that is made explicit in the book), a trumpeter swan born without a voice who overcomes this difficulty by learning to play a trumpet in order to impress a beautiful swan named Serena. In Canada in the spring of 1968, the cob (the name for an adult male swan) and the pen (the name for an adult female"
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"the proximal part. The iris is dark brown. In birds living in waters that contains large amounts of iron ions (e.g. bog lakes), the head and neck plumage acquires a golden or rusty hue. Pens (females) are slightly smaller than cobs (males), but do not differ in appearance otherwise. Immatures of both subspecies are white mixed with some dull grey feathering, mainly on the head and upper neck, which are often entirely light grey; their first-summer plumage is quite white already, and in their second winter they moult into the adult plumage. Their bills are black with a large dirty-pink"
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"is a cup of plant down and cobwebs, decorated outside with lichen and placed on a small outside twig high in a small tree. The female alone incubates the two white eggs. The steely-vented hummingbird is long and weighs . It is mainly bronze-green above, becoming more bronze on the wing, lower back and rump, and has a blue-black tail. The male has glittering green underparts, white thighs and a blue vent. The female is duller green below and has grey-buff edges to the vent feathers. Young birds are dull dark bronze-green below. The steely-vented hummingbird has a trilled descending"
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"on the Caribbean coast of Colombia that is sometimes treated as a separate species, the bronze-brown cowbird (""M. armenti""): The male bronzed cowbird is long and weighs , with green-bronze glossed black plumage. Their eyes are red in breeding season and brown otherwise. The female is long and weighs . She is a dull black with a brown underbelly, and has brown eyes. Young birds have coloring similar to the females, with the exception of grey feather fringes. Like all cowbirds, this bird is an obligate brood parasite; it lays its eggs in the nests of other birds. The young"
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"20.3 cm long, and weighs 56 g. It has a crest, heavy hooked bill, and brilliant red eyes. The adult male has black upperparts, with two white wingbars and white underparts. There is a white dorsal patch normally concealed except in threat display; young males are similar to the adult, but have rufous wing coverts. The female has rich rufous upperparts and white underparts. This is a bird of thickets, cocoa and citrus plantations and sometimes gardens, with a preference for dense undergrowth. It is usually found as territorial pairs. The female lays two, sometimes three, grey-marked white eggs in"
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"an arboreal species of savannah and farmland which eats insects and fruit, especially figs. It nests in a tree hole, laying three eggs. This is a sparrow-sized barbet at . It is a plump bird, with a short neck, large head and short tail. The adult has a red head, and the neck and breast are a mixture of red and white. The upperparts are dark brown apart from a yellow stripe down the back. The rest of the underparts are yellowish with dark flank spotting. The bill is thick and dark grey. Sexes are similar, but immature birds are"
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"passerine bird, similar to a small reed bunting. It has a small seed-eater's bill. The male has a black head and throat, white neck collar and underparts, and a heavily streaked grey back (reed bunting has a browner back). The female is much duller, with a streaked brown head. It is less streaked below than female reed bunting. The song of the male is a repetitive ""sherp"". Its natural food consists of insects when feeding young, and otherwise seeds. The nest is in a bush. 2-5 eggs are laid, which show the hair-like markings characteristic of those of buntings. The"
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"to three eggs are laid in a cup nest in a fork high in a tree. These are aggressive and fearless birds, given their small size, at 19 cm, and will attack much larger species if their nest or young are threatened. The male is mainly glossy black, although the wings are duller. The female is similar but less glossy. The bill is black and heavy, and the eye is red. This species is similar to the fork-tailed drongo, but is smaller, and the shorter tail lacks the deep fork which gives the latter species its name. Fork-tailed is also"
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"that they are probably declining. The male has an iridescent yellow-green breast shield, elongated black plumes, three erectile spatule head wires behind each eye, coppery-bronzed nasal tuft feathers and long, wedge-shaped tail feathers. The female is a rich brown bird with blackish head. It is approximately 43 cm long. Little is known about its life and habits. The male is polygamous and performs a spectacular courtship dance in the forest ground. The clutch probably contains 1, maybe 2 eggs. These are about 40 x 26 mm and have a pale cream base color. They have a varying pattern of streaks"
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"Regent bowerbird The regent bowerbird (""Sericulus chrysocephalus"") is a medium-sized, up to 25 cm long, sexually dimorphic bowerbird. The male bird is black with a golden orange-yellow crown, mantle and black-tipped wing feathers. It has yellow bill, black feet and yellow iris. The female is a brown bird with whitish or fawn markings, grey bill, black feet and crown. The name commemorates a prince regent of the United Kingdom. The diet consists mainly of fruits, berries and insects. All male bowerbirds build bowers, which can be simple ground clearings or elaborate structures, to attract female mates. Regent bowerbirds in particular"
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"Comb (anatomy) A comb is a fleshy growth or crest on the top of the head of gallinaceous birds, such as turkeys, pheasants, and domestic chickens. Its alternative name cockscomb (with several spelling variations) reflects that combs are generally larger on males than on females (a male gallinaceous bird is called a cock). There can be several fleshy protuberances on the heads and throats of gallinaceous birds, i.e. comb, wattle, ear lobes and nodules, which collectively are called caruncles, however, in turkeys caruncle refers specifically to the fleshy nodules on the head and throat. Chicken combs are most commonly red"
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"residents in coastal regions and in the southern parts of their range. Northern birds remain further north in winter than the ruby-crowned kinglet. They forage actively in trees or shrubs, mainly eating insects, insect eggs and spiders. They give a series of high-pitched calls on a single note, and tend not to fear human approach. Adults are olive-gray on the upperparts with white underparts, with thin bills and short tails. They have white wing bars, a black stripe through the eyes and a yellow crown surrounded by black. The adult male has an orange patch in the middle of the"
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"crescent, outlined in white, down the sides of its breast, and a white streak above his eye. The top of the tail is black, with yellow edges to the feathers forming distinctive yellow panels on the sides of the tail. White tips on the undertail are usually only visible in flight. The underparts are pale brownish-grey fading to white. The female is duller, olive brown with faded yellow wing patches with similar, though less clear, crescentic markings. Both sexes have dark grey legs and feet, deep ruby eyes and a long, downcurved black bill. The gape is also black. Young"
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"single female weighed . Among standard measurements, the wing chord is , the tail is , the bill is and the tarsus is . Adult males are glossy black on the head, upper-wings and tail. Contrasting with the black head, the collar is an earthy brownish color. The rest of the male's plumage is a rich, deep yellow. The female is olive-green on back and yellowish below with no black about the face. The juvenile birds are fairly similar in appearance to the adult female. The flight call of this bird is a mellow but rapid ""Pip-pip-pip-pip-uh"". It is also"
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"in the female. The male is a vibrant red, while the female is a dull reddish olive. The northern cardinal is mainly granivorous, but also feeds on insects and fruit. The male behaves territorially, marking out his territory with song. During courtship, the male feeds seed to the female beak-to-beak. A clutch of three to four eggs is laid, and two to four clutches are produced each year. It was once prized as a pet, but its sale as a cage bird was banned in the United States by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918. The northern cardinal is"
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"a length of about and a weight of around while the female is about shorter and weighs around . The head of the male is black with reddish-orange streaks on either side and on the neck and similar-coloured bare skin on the cheeks and around the eye. Below the beak dangle blue and orange decorative, inflatable wattles and there are a pair of fleshy blue ""horns"" over the eyes. The upper parts of the body are reddish-brown, with large buff markings and the underparts are straw-coloured. The female is altogether a less-colourful bird. The head and upper parts are reddish-brown"
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"name. There are no officially recognized subspecies, however, some authors believe there should be. The Karam or Kalam people of the New Guinea Highlands classify bats and flying birds as one group, yaket, and the dwarf cassowary, a very large, wingless, flightless bird as another, kobtiy. Yaket are bony with wings and fly in the air, while kobtiy are bony without wings and are terrestrial and of the forest. They distinguish kobtiy from other bony, wingless animals because kobtiy are not quadrupedal like dogs and lizards and are not limbless like snakes. (See Kalam languages.) John Gould first identified the"
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"of special concern in the US state of Connecticut. The bog copper is the smallest North American copper. The upper side of the males wings is dark gray-brown with a purplish sheen (it glows under UV light very strongly). The male has very few black basal spots on the fore wing. The hind wing outer margin has orange markings. The upper side of the females wings is very similar to the males except the female has a lighter purplish iridescence. The underside of the wings in both sexes varies from whitish-gray to yellowish-tan. The wingspan measures . Similar species in"
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"the bog copper's range include the purplish copper (""Lycaena helloides"") and the dorcas copper (""Lycaena dorcas""). Another butterfly that is similar to the ""Lycaena epixanthe"" is the ""Lycaena hetereonea"", except the blue color is on the upper side and the brown color is on the underside of the wing. The purplish copper is larger, the female has a lot of orange on the upper side, and both sexes have a conspicuous orange submarginal line on the upper side of the hind wing. The dorcas is larger, the male has more black spots on the upper side, the female has more"
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"advocated in Sibley & Monroe 1993. An adult individual is long with all-white body plumage apart from dark plumes on the rump. Wingspan is and body weight . Males are generally slightly larger than females. The bald head and neck, thick curved bill and legs are black. The white wings show a black rear border in flight. The eyes are brown with a dark red orbital ring. Sexes are similar, but juveniles have dirty white plumage, a smaller bill and some feathering on the neck, greenish-brown scapulars and more black on the primary coverts. This bird is usually silent, but"
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"throat and breast, a rufous-brown back, black wings with white feather edges, a short black tail and a white belly. The female and immature males have a chestnut crest and head with black and white barring on the cheeks, dull brown upperparts, black-streaked buff underparts, and browner wing and tail feathers than the male. This is a bird of undergrowth in mangrove or other swampy forest and thickets near water. It is usually found as territorial pairs. The female lays two purple-lined white eggs in a deep cup nest suspended below a branch or vine. They are incubated by both"
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"or dark red knob can be seen at the bill base, and the bare skin of the face is similar to that in color. The eyes are yellowish-brown. The legs and webbed feet are blackish. The wild female is similar in plumage, but is also much smaller, and she has feathered face and lacks the prominent knob. The juvenile is duller overall, with little or no white on the upperwing. Domesticated birds may look similar; most are dark brown or black mixed with white, particularly on the head. Other colors such as lavender or all-white are also seen. Both sexes"
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"fish by the male to the female is part of the courtship display. Bridled tern The bridled tern (""Onychoprion anaethetus"") is a seabird of the family Laridae. It is a bird of the tropical oceans. The scientific name is from Ancient Greek. The genus is ""onux"", ""claw"", and ""prion"", ""nail"". The specific ""anaethetus"" means ""senseless, stupid"". This is a medium-sized tern, at 30–32 cm in length and with a 77–81 cm wingspan similar to the common tern in size, but more heavily built. The wings and deeply forked tail are long, and it has dark grey upperparts and white underparts."
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"weighs . The head of the male is chestnut-coloured, with a white forehead and black mask in front of the eye. The wings are black with a white wing-bar. The breast is white with black barring, fading towards the white belly. The rump is white and the tail is black with white stripes and a white tip. The female is the same as the male except the back and is chestnut. The chestnut-naped forktail calls in flight, either a single of three whistles. Chestnut-naped forktails forage near water, eating a range of insects including earwigs, beetles, ants and caterpillars. They"
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"of this bird is the rose-colored neck bib found in adult males. Males are mostly gray in color, with a contrasting darker upperside and a pale gray underside. Males also show a black crown. Females are mostly brown in color, with a rusty brown upperside, and a pale buffy underside. The crown is a dark gray, not nearly as stunning as the males. Its usual call is a mournful ""seeeeuuuwww"". They make a large foot-long globular nest, usually suspended from a tree limb. The entrance hole is found on the bottom. The female lays three to four eggs. The becard"
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"words ""turdus"", ""thrush"", and ""torquatus"", ""collared"". The adult male is all black except for a white crescent on the breast and a yellowish bill. The wings have a silvery appearance due to white feather edgings. The male sings its loud and mournful song from trees or rocks. The female is similar but duller, and younger birds often lack the breast crescent. The juvenile has brown plumage. This species was first described by Linnaeus in his ""Systema naturae"" in 1758 under its current scientific name. It breeds in the higher regions of western and central Europe and also in the Caucasus"
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"neck, and breast (remarkably similar to the pattern of the male crimson-collared grosbeak). All tail coverts are also red. The bill is striking pale blue and the legs are blue-gray. In adults, the irides are crimson, contrary to what is shown in Howell and Webb. Females average slightly duller than males, but are sometimes indistinguishable from them. Juvenile birds are similar except that the hood is dull red, the black areas are tinged with brown, and the breast is mottled red and black. Young birds also have a duller bill color. Vocalizations are high-pitched and sibilant. There are several calls;"
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"cm long. It has red eyes. The male is black and has a patch of white-edged black feathers on its back. The female is reddish-brown with brown underparts, a black tail, and a white throat. The song is a number of whistling ""fíu"" sounds and the alarm call is a loud ""peerit"", rising at the end. The nest is on the ground and well camouflaged. It is spherical with a covering of dry leaves and an internal lining of fibers from """" palms. Both male and female incubate and provide parental care. This bird forages in tangled vegetation within three"
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"not breeding. The yellow-bellied siskin is a small bird, 10.5 cm in length and weighing 12 g. The male is entirely black except for a bright yellow belly, tail sides and wing patches. The female is dark olive green above, and has pale yellow underparts which become brighter on the belly. She has a blackish tail and wings and also has bright yellow primary wing patches and tail sides. Young birds resemble the female, but have dusky fringes to the upperpart feathers and smaller yellow wing and tail patches. The song of this bird is a pleasant chattering twitter, and"
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"not well known but has been estimated to be about 2 weeks. Both sexes incubate. Often two broods are raised in quick succession. Adult birds are sometimes taken by predatory species. In urban areas, there are records of collisions with structures including white walls. Pesticide poisoning has also been noted. Coppersmith barbet The coppersmith barbet, crimson-breasted barbet or coppersmith (""Psilopogon haemacephalus""), is a bird with crimson forehead and throat which is best known for its metronomic call that has been likened to a coppersmith striking metal with a hammer. It is a resident found in the Indian subcontinent and parts"
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"and weighs 2.6 g. The male has bronze-green upper parts, brilliant green under parts, white thighs and a deeply forked tail. The female has grey underparts, a white stripe behind the eye and dusky ear patches. She has white tips to her tail, which lacks the deep fork of the male. Young birds resemble the adult female, but have some buff feather tips. The garden emerald has a dry ""chit"" call, and the males song is a thin ""tsippy tsee tsee"". Breeding males perch on open branches and may give a dive display. These birds visit small flowers, including those"
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"and each side of the forehead, and a white throat which is often puffed up when the bird is excited. The upperparts are dark olive, with darker wings. The white central breast is separated from the white throat by a black band. The breast sides are grey, and the flanks and lower belly are olive-green. Young birds have a sooty-brown cap, sooty face and olive-brown upperparts, throat and breast. The chestnut-capped brush finch has a thin ""pink"" call and a very high-pitched ""psssst"". The male’s song consists of a mixture of whistles and sharper notes. The chestnut-capped brush finch feeds"
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"female passing by, he will pursue her. When she lands, the male will land behind her, vibrate his wings, and then they will mate. If the female has already mated or does not want to mate, she will vibrate her wings and then the male will leave. Females lay their eggs singly on the underside of host plant leaves a few inches above the bog surface. The whitish egg can withstand flooding. The larva is bluish-green with a darker green middorsal stripe. The bog copper larva is the only copper that feeds on cranberries. The chrysalis is pale yellow-green to"
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Who memorialized a battle of the Crimean War in his 1854 poem The Charge of the Light Brigade?
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"The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem) ""The Charge of the Light Brigade"" is an 1854 narrative poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson about the Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War. He wrote it on December 2, 1854, and it was published on December 9, 1854 in ""The Examiner"". He was the Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom at the time. During the 1850s, when Great Britain was engaged in the Crimean War, Tennyson wrote several patriotic poems under various pseudonyms. Scholars speculate that Tennyson created his pen names because these verses used"
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"for the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War thanks to the suicidal Charge of the Light Brigade, a British cavalry charge due to a misunderstanding sent up a valley strongly held on three sides by the Russians, in which about 250 men were killed or wounded, and over 400 horses lost, effectively reducing the size of the mounted brigade by two thirds and destroying some of the finest light cavalry in the world to no military purpose. The British poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson immortalized the battle in verse in his ""Charge of the Light Brigade"". The balaclava, a tight"
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"Charge of the Light Brigade The Charge of the Light Brigade was a charge of British light cavalry led by Lord Cardigan against Russian forces during the Battle of Balaclava on 25 October 1854 in the Crimean War. British commander Lord Raglan had intended to send the Light Brigade to prevent the Russians from removing captured guns from overrun Turkish positions, a task for which the light cavalry were well-suited. However, there was miscommunication in the chain of command, and the Light Brigade was instead sent on a frontal assault against a different artillery battery, one well-prepared with excellent fields"
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"laureate he often wrote verses about public events. It immediately became hugely popular, even reaching the troops in the Crimea, where it was distributed in pamphlet form . Rudyard Kipling's poem ""The Last of the Light Brigade"", written some forty years after the appearance of ""The Charge of the Light Brigade"", in 1891, focuses on the terrible hardships faced in old age by veterans of the Crimean War, as exemplified by the cavalry men of the Light Brigade, in an attempt to shame the British public into offering financial assistance. Various lines from the poem are randomly quoted by Mr."
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"from long-term unemployment. Charge of the Light Brigade The Charge of the Light Brigade was a charge of British light cavalry led by Lord Cardigan against Russian forces during the Battle of Balaclava on 25 October 1854 in the Crimean War. British commander Lord Raglan had intended to send the Light Brigade to prevent the Russians from removing captured guns from overrun Turkish positions, a task for which the light cavalry were well-suited. However, there was miscommunication in the chain of command, and the Light Brigade was instead sent on a frontal assault against a different artillery battery, one well-prepared"
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"Crimean War Memorial The Guards Crimean War Memorial is a Grade II listed memorial in St James's, London, that commemorates the Allied victory in the Crimean War of 1853–56. It is located on Waterloo Place, at the junction of Regent Street and Pall Mall, approximately one-quarter of the way from the Duke of York Column to Piccadilly Circus. It was unveiled in 1861 and consisted of the statues of three Guardsmen, with a female allegorical figure referred to as Honour. It was cast in bronze from the cannons captured at the siege of Sevastopol. The sculptor was John Bell. On"
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"(grave number 27283 in Square 121). ^ Dutton, Roy (2007). Forgotten Heroes: The Charge of the Light Brigade. InfoDial Ltd. . Edward Richard Woodham Edward Richard Woodham (20 February 1831 – 12 December 1886) was one of the survivors of the Charge of the Light Brigade on 25 October 1854 during the Crimean War. As the ""Chairman of the committee for the celebration"", he organised a 21st Anniversary dinner for the survivors of the “Charge” (at the Alexandra Palace in London), reported in detail in the ""Illustrated London News"" dated Saturday 30 October 1875 . The senior commander surviving, Lord"
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"Light Brigade"" and Robert Gibb's painting Thin Red Line. (Treating the wounded from these battles was celebrated English nurse Florence Nightingale.) The Nova Scotia memorial is named after two Haligonians, Major Augustus Frederick Welsford of the 97th Regiment and Captain William Buck Carthew Augustus Parker of the 77 Regiment, who both died in the Battle of the Great Redan in 1855 during the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855), in present-day Crimea which was annexed by Russia in 2014. The monument was unveiled on 17 July 1860. During March and April 1855, Nova Scotian Joseph Howe worked tiredlessly to recruit troops for"
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"the Crimean War and saw action, as part of the light brigade under the command of Major General the Earl of Cardigan, at the Battle of Alma in September 1854. The regiment, commanded by Captain William Morris, was in the first line of cavalry on the left flank during the Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava in October 1854. The brigade drove through the Russian artillery before smashing straight into the Russian cavalry and pushing them back; it was unable to consolidate its position, however, having insufficient forces and had to withdraw to its starting position,"
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"Edward Richard Woodham Edward Richard Woodham (20 February 1831 – 12 December 1886) was one of the survivors of the Charge of the Light Brigade on 25 October 1854 during the Crimean War. As the ""Chairman of the committee for the celebration"", he organised a 21st Anniversary dinner for the survivors of the “Charge” (at the Alexandra Palace in London), reported in detail in the ""Illustrated London News"" dated Saturday 30 October 1875 . The senior commander surviving, Lord Lucan, was not present; the newspaper account suggests that he was not invited. In the article, there were reproduced the recollections"
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"deliberate, high level complicity to leave the loop-hole in the prosecution case and reporting the view that ""in England there is one law for the rich and another for the poor"" and ""The Examiner"" describing the verdict as ""a defeat of justice"". Even his obituary described this evasion of justice as ""an absurd technical deficiency"". His most notorious exploit took place during the Crimean War on 25 October 1854 when, in command of the Light Cavalry Brigade at the battle of Balaclava, he led the Charge of the Light Brigade reaching the Russian guns before returning, personally unscathed, in a"
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"the memory of 2152 Officers, Non-Com. Officers and Privates of the BRIGADE OF GUARDS who fell during the war with Russia in 1854–56. Erected by their Comrades."" In 1914, the monument was moved northwards to make room for new statues of Florence Nightingale and Sidney Herbert who was Secretary at War during the Crimean War. It is only then that the allegorical figure was referred to as Victory. The sculpture of Nightingale was by Arthur George Walker, and the sculpture of Herbert was by John Henry Foley. Crimean War Memorial The Guards Crimean War Memorial is a Grade II listed"
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"Allied cavalry charge, stemming from a misinterpreted order from Raglan, led to one of the most famous and ill-fated events in British military history – the Charge of the Light Brigade. The British and French fleets departed from the Bulgarian port of Varna on 5 September 1854, heading towards Kalamita Bay in the Crimea. By the 14th, the troops began to land; within four days the Allied force of 61,400 infantry, 1,200 cavalry and 137 guns, was ashore. Thirty-three miles (~53 km) to the south of the landing zone, beyond the Bulganak, Alma, Katcha and Belbek rivers, lay the Russian"
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"the film Nolan is portrayed as a haughty, glory-hungry officer, but also a ""symbol of youth, energy and professionalism ... desperate ... to reform the army"". A more sympathetic, though still impetuous, portrayal of Nolan was created by George MacDonald Fraser in his picaresque novel of 1973, ""Flashman At The Charge"". Louis Nolan Louis Edward Nolan (4 January 1818 – 25 October 1854) was a British Army officer and cavalry tactician best known for his role and death in the Charge of the Light Brigade during the Crimean War. Born to a minor diplomatic official and his wife, Nolan was"
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"Louis Nolan Louis Edward Nolan (4 January 1818 – 25 October 1854) was a British Army officer and cavalry tactician best known for his role and death in the Charge of the Light Brigade during the Crimean War. Born to a minor diplomatic official and his wife, Nolan was educated at the Austrian ""Inhaber"" Pioneer School at Tulln, where he was noted as an enthusiastic horseman and military theorist. After early graduation he was commissioned as a subaltern in the 10th Austrian Hussar regiment, serving in Austria, Hungary and on the Polish frontier, where he again became known for his"
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"Edward James Boys Edward James Boys (E. J. Boys) (19 September 1916 – 2002) was a leading authority on the men of the cavalry regiments of the British Army who took part in the famous Charge of the Light Brigade of 1854 during the Crimean War of 1854-56 between the UK and Russia. Born into a farming family in Plumpton in Sussex in 1916 in the middle of World War I, Boys' father was a farrier in the Royal Field Artillery. 'Jim' Boys left school aged 14, and in 1937 he enlisted in the 2nd Battalion, Coldstream Guards and transferred"
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"Lord George Paget General Lord George Augustus Frederick Paget (16 March 1818 – 30 June 1880), was a British soldier during the Crimean War who took part in the famous Charge of the Light Brigade. He later became a Whig politician. Paget was the youngest son of Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey by his second wife Lady Charlotte, daughter of Charles Cadogan, 1st Earl Cadogan. Paget served in the Crimean War and fought at Alma and Balaclava in command of the 4th (The Queen's Own) Light Dragoons. He is frequently quoted for his references to the Russian engagement in"
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"mutilated soldiers. But he also photographed the landscape, including an area near to where the Charge of the Light Brigade – made famous in Tennyson's poem – took place. In letters home soldiers had called the original valley ""The Valley of Death"", and Tennyson's poem used the same phrase, so when in September 1855 Thomas Agnew put the picture on show, as one of a series of eleven collectively titled ""Panorama of the Plateau of Sebastopol in Eleven Parts"" in a London exhibition, he took the troops'—and Tennyson's—epithet, expanded it as ""The Valley of the Shadow of Death"" with its"
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"the Crimean War, and at the Battle of Alma his division led the French attack. When the Anglo-French troops formed the siege of Sevastopol, Bosquet's corps of two divisions protected them against interruption. Referring to the Charge of the Light Brigade, Bosquet muttered the memorable line: ""C’est magnifique, mais ce n’est pas la guerre: c'est de la folie"" (""It is magnificent, but it is not war: it is madness""). His timely intervention at the Battle of Inkerman (5 November 1854) secured the victory for the allies. During 1855 Bosquet's corps occupied the right wing of the besieging armies opposite the"
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"Charge of the Light Brigade during the Crimean War, a surviving horse named Drummer Boy, ridden by an officer of the 8th Hussars, was given an unofficial campaign medal by his rider that was identical to those awarded to British troops who served in the Crimea, engraved with the horse's name and an inscription of his service. A more formal award was the PDSA Dickin Medal, an animals' equivalent of the Victoria Cross, awarded by the People's Dispensary for Sick Animals charity in the United Kingdom to three horses that served in World War II. Today, many of the historical"
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"the battle in his poem ""Borodino"". The battle was famously described by Count Leo Tolstoy as ""a continuous slaughter which could be of no avail either to the French or the Russians"" in the culminating books X and XI of his novel ""War and Peace"". The Imperial Russian Navy named a battleship after the battle. A huge panorama representing the battle was painted by Franz Roubaud for the centenary of Borodino and installed on the Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow to mark the 150th anniversary of the event. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky also composed his ""1812 Overture"" to commemorate the battle. In"
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"l'Arsenal. There he was visited by another Polish poet, Cyprian Norwid, who wrote of the meeting in his poem, """"Czarne kwiaty"""" (""Black Blossoms""); and there Mickiewicz's wife Celina died. Mickiewicz welcomed the Crimean War of 1853-1856, which he hoped would lead to a new European order including a restored independent Poland. His last composition, a Latin ode ""Ad Napolionem III Caesarem Augustum Ode in Bomersundum captum"", honored Napoleon III and celebrated the British-French victory over Russia at the Battle of Bomarsund in the Åland Islands in August 1854. Polish émigrés associated with the Hôtel Lambert persuaded him to become active"
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"Other notable battles include the Battle of Balaclava (Charge of the Light Brigade) during the Crimean War in 1854 and the Battle of Leyte Gulf in the Pacific theatre in 1944. The feast day of Saints Crispin and Crispinian is 25 October. Although this feast was removed from the Roman Catholic Church's universal liturgical calendar following the Second Vatican Council, the two saints are still commemorated on that day in the most recent edition of the Roman Martyrology. The feast remains as a ""Black Letter Saints' Day"" in the calendar of the Anglican Book of Common Prayer (1662) and a"
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"this day to the ending of the world, But we in it shall be rememberèd; We few, we happy few, we band of brothers.</poem> When the Battle of Balaclava was fought on the 25 October 1854, the coincidence was noticed by contemporaries, who used Shakespeare's words to comment on the battle. The contrast between the two battles, one a complete victory, the other indecisive and notorious for the disastrous Charge of the Light Brigade, has also been noted. The Battle of Shangani (1893) in the First Matabele War was also fought on that date. Several battles of World War II"
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"1854), which is usually considered the first battle of the Crimean War, took place in the vicinity of the River Alma in the Crimea. An Anglo-French force under General St. Arnaud and Lord Raglan defeated General Menshikov's Russian army, which lost around 6,000 troops. They were also engaged in the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855), and the battle of Battle of Inkerman (5 November 1854) before the end of hostilities. By the late 19th century the concept of fighting in formation was on the wane and the distinctions between light and heavy infantry began to disappear. Essentially, all infantry became light"
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"only Crimean War monument in North America. It commemorates the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855). The first Canadian Victoria Cross recipient, Alexander Roberts Dunn, served in the war. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, William Nelson Hall, a descendant of former American slaves from Maryland, was the first black Canadian and first black Nova Scotian, to receive the Victoria Cross. He received the medal for his actions in the Siege of Lucknow. It was during the period of re-examination of the British military presence in Canada and its ultimate withdrawal that the last invasion of Canada occurred. It was not carried"
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"for its famous (or rather infamous) Charge of the Light Brigade. On 5 November 1854, Russian forces tried to relieve the siege at Sevastopol and tried to defeat the Allied armies in the field in the Battle of Inkerman. However, this attempt failed and the Russians were rebuffed. Dissatisfaction as to the course of the war arose in England. As reports returned detailing the mismanagement of the conflict arose Parliament began to investigate. On 29 January 1855, John Arthur Roebuck introduced a motion for the appointment of a select committee to enquire into the conduct of the war. This motion"
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"Aleksandr Baryatinskiy in 1853–1856. The writers Mikhail Lermontov and Leo Tolstoy, who gained much of his knowledge and experience of war for his book ""War and Peace"" from these encounters, took part in the hostilities. The Russian poet Alexander Pushkin referred to the war in his Byronic poem ""The Prisoner of the Caucasus"" (Russian: Кавказский пленник; ""Kavkazskij plennik""), written in 1821. In general, the Russian armies that served in the Caucasian wars were very eclectic; as well as ethnic Russians from various parts of the Russian empire they included Cossacks, Armenians, Georgians, Caucasus Greeks, Ossetians, and even soldiers of Muslim"
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"in 1984, his poetry and essays were extensively published in the West: in Austria, France, Israel, USA, Germany, Britain, Italy, and Canada. Since 1991, he has been widely published in the post-Soviet Russia and the former Soviet Baltic republics (for details, see Yuri Kolker Russian website and the Russian Wikipedia article). His poetic work is usually understood as philosophical elegiac lyricism traditional in form, and ""typically St. Petersburg perfectionist short poems"". Yuri Kolker himself often emphasised his bellicose anti-avant-garde stance. One of his most popular poems is the translation of Lord Tennyson ""The Charge of the Light Brigade"". Yuri Kolker"
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"after the recordings, and the basic group was augmented by studio musicians. Rapp has stated that he wanted to produce a themed anti-war album, and chose the Charge of the Light Brigade at Balaklava in 1854 as an example of the futility of war. The album was dedicated to Private Edward Slovik, the only United States soldier executed for desertion during the Second World War. The front cover is a detail of ""The Triumph of Death"" by Pieter Brueghel the Elder, showing a grotesque allegorical depiction of the horrors of war, while the back cover showed a photograph of a"
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"Crimea, she did not have an affair with Cardigan. The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968 film) The Charge of the Light Brigade is a 1968 British DeLuxe Color war film made by Woodfall Film Productions in Panavision and distributed by United Artists, depicting parts of the Crimean War and the eponymous charge. It was directed by Tony Richardson and produced by Neil Hartley. It is also notable for the animated credits and linking passages provided by Richard Williams, drawing on the satirical use of jingoistic images. This film followed the famous 1936 version ""The Charge of the Light Brigade"","
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"painted a portrait of Lord Tredegar who had led the lancers out of the fateful charge at Balaklava on 25 October 1854, and no doubt inspired by hearing the nobleman’s account during the sittings as well as reading Kinglake’s history of the Crimean War, Charlton exhibited several paintings of the charge. ""An Incident in the charge of the Light Brigade"" was shown at the academy in 1889, while in 1897 came ""Comrades"", showing just two figures, a trooper of the 17th Lancers lying dead on the field while his horse rears in agony having been hit by a bullet. Tredegar"
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"Russian Memorial, Lewes The Russian Memorial is an obelisk in the churchyard of St John sub Castro in Lewes, the county town of East Sussex, England (). It was erected in 1877 at the behest of Alexander II, Emperor of Russia, in memory of 28 Finnish soldiers of the Russian Army of the Crimean War who died while prisoners of war in Lewes between 1854 and 1856. It has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II listed building. What became known as the Crimean War was declared in March 1854. In June, concerned at the possible threat posed"
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What radio station do you find at 950 on your local AM dial?
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"KJR (AM) KJR (950 AM, ""Sports Radio 950"") is an all-sports radio station owned by iHeartMedia and located in Seattle, Washington. It was Seattle's only all-sports talk radio station until 710 KIRO affiliated itself with ESPN. KJR is now the Puget Sound region's home of Fox Sports Radio and NBC Sports Radio, and the station, mainly during Seahawks season, uses the slogan ""Home of the 12th Man"". KJR's transmitter site is on Vashon Island, and operates from its studios in Seattle's Belltown neighborhood northwest of downtown. KJR is one of the oldest radio stations in the United States. Its first"
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"mid-90s. In 2002, Entercom Communications moved the ""News Radio WORD"" format from the weaker 910 AM, which previously held the WORD callsign, to 950 AM. The programming at 950 AM was then moved to 910 AM, along with the WSPA calls. WSPA at 910 has since been sold and is now all Oldies as WOLI (AM) 910. 950 WORD's transmitter is located near the Spartanburg Community College campus (3 miles NW of downtown Spartanburg) at 245 Broadcast Drive (Business I-85 @ exit 3). Its general coverage area is from Gaffney to Greer (Spartanburg Metro), with secondary coverage in the Greenville"
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"KUFO (AM) KUFO (970 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station owned by Alpha Media and licensed to Portland, Oregon. The station, owned by Alpha Media calls itself ""Freedom 970"". Since March 2006, it has featured a talk radio format. KUFO's offices and studios are on Southwest 5th Avenue in Portland. Its transmitter is in Portland's west hills. KUFO broadcasts with 5,000 watts around the clock. By day, the signal is non-directional but at night, KUFO uses a directional signal to protect other stations on 970 kHz. KUFO features mostly nationally syndicated talk shows. Weekends feature shows on money, the"
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"DWQZ DWQZ (97.9 FM), branded as 979 Home Radio, is a commercial broadcast radio station, broadcasting 24/7 with an Easy Listening format. It is the flagship station of the Home Radio Network, owned by the Aliw Broadcasting Corporation. Its studios are located at the 5th Floor, Citystate Centre, 709 Shaw Blvd., Brgy. Oranbo, Pasig City, and its transmitter is located at Nuestra Señora Dela Paz Subdivision, Sumulong Highway, Brgy. Santa Cruz, Antipolo City, Rizal. It operates 24/7 except on Sundays where it goes off the air from midnight to 04:00 AM and on Holy Week annually where it goes off"
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"country hits, KYGO 950 used a deeper library and more personality. It was also a CBS Radio News Network affiliate. KYGO 950 continued for six years playing country music before its owner, Jefferson-Pilot Communications decided on a new direction for the station. (Jefferson-Pilot later became the Lincoln Financial Group.) On October 12, 1994, the station changed its call sign to KKFN, and on May 8, 1995, adopted a sports radio format with the moniker ""AM 950 The Fan."" (The KYGO-AM call sign and country format moved to 1600 AM. KKFN become the first all-sports station in the Denver market. On"
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"WXLW WXLW (950 AM, ""Freedom 95"") is an AM radio station owned by Pilgrim Communications LLC serving the greater Indianapolis, Indiana area. The station operates on the AM radio frequency of 950 kHz. In the fall of 2006, the studios were moved from Monument Circle in downtown Indianapolis to a different location along US 31 in Franklin. The WXLW transmitter and antenna are located between Georgetown and Moller Roads on West 56th Street on the northwest side of Indianapolis. Previously known as ""ESPN 950"" from 2002 until January 2008, the station now airs a mix of local and national talk"
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"KPRC (AM) KPRC (950 kHz) is a commercial AM talk radio station in Houston, Texas, branded as ""AM 950 KPRC."" It is the oldest radio station licensed to Houston and still on the air to this day. KPRC is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.. The station's studios are located along the West Loop Freeway in the city's Uptown district. The transmitter site is located at the Interstate 610 North Loop and Liberty Road in the Settegast neighborhood on the northeast side. KPRC broadcasts with 5,000 watts around the clock. At night, to protect other stations on AM 950, it uses a"
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"WAKS WAKS (96.5 FM) – branded as 96.5 KISS-FM – is a commercial Top 40/CHR radio station licensed to Akron, Ohio, serving Greater Cleveland and much of surrounding Northeast Ohio. Owned by iHeartMedia, Inc., WAKS serves as the Cleveland affiliate for ""Elvis Duran and the Morning Show"", ""On Air with Ryan Seacrest"", and ""American Top 40""; and the home of radio personality ""Java Joel"" Murphy. The WAKS studios are located in the Cleveland suburb of Independence, while the station transmitter resides in neighboring Brecksville. Besides a standard analog transmission, WAKS broadcasts over two HD Radio channels, and is available online"
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"interfered with via a licensed broadcast station. KTIS (AM) KTIS, known on-air as ""Faith 900 KTIS"", is a radio station in Minneapolis, Minnesota, that is owned and operated by University of Northwestern - St Paul and is a non-profit, listener-supported radio station relying on donations from the local community throughout the year. It broadcasts on 900 AM, covering Minneapolis-St. Paul and surrounding areas in Minnesota. KTIS' studios are located on Snelling Avenue in St. Paul, while its transmitter is located in the Hazel Park neighborhood of Oakdale. KTIS is the flagship station of Faith Radio, a network whose programming features"
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"studio link to their traffic helicopter, the station does respond to QSL correspondence from listeners, and despite its very low power, has been heard in Mexico, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom on shortwave WFLA (AM) WFLA 970 AM (""Newsradio 970 WFLA"") is talk-formatted AM radio station in Tampa, Florida, serving the Tampa Bay media market. The station is owned and operated by iHeartMedia, Inc., the largest U.S. radio station owner. The station's studios are located in South Tampa and the transmitter site is in Town 'n' Country. WFLA began in 1925 as Clearwater radio station WGHB (1130 AM). By"
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"changed its call letters from KUFO to KXL-FM. In 2016, they began covering Portland Steel Arena Football League games. KUFO (AM) KUFO (970 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station owned by Alpha Media and licensed to Portland, Oregon. The station, owned by Alpha Media calls itself ""Freedom 970"". Since March 2006, it has featured a talk radio format. KUFO's offices and studios are on Southwest 5th Avenue in Portland. Its transmitter is in Portland's west hills. KUFO broadcasts with 5,000 watts around the clock. By day, the signal is non-directional but at night, KUFO uses a directional signal to"
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"KMJ (AM) KMJ (580 AM, ""KMJ 580"") is a news/talk radio station located in Fresno, California, owned by Cumulus Media. Its studios are located at the Radio City building on Shaw Avenue in North Fresno and its transmitter is in Orange Cove, California. While 580 kHz is a Regional broadcast frequency, the station broadcasts at 50,000 watts, the highest power for an AM station permitted by the FCC, covering most of Central California. KMJ simulcasts the same programs on both 580 AM and 105.9 FM in Fresno, California. When 105.9 first became a talk station, it sometimes aired programs that"
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"a Victorville-based bank was about to be bought out by Pasadena-based East West Bank, owned by Dominic Ng, a third-generation Asian-American resident of Pasadena. KIXW (AM) KIXW (960 kHz ""Talk 960"") is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Apple Valley, California. It is owned by EDB VV License LLC. The studios and offices are on Hesperia Road in Victorville. The transmitter is off Rincon Road in Apple Valley. KIXW airs mostly nationally syndicated programs, including Rush Limbaugh, Sean Hannity, Laura Ingraham, Dave Ramsey, Alex Jones, Joe Pags and Coast to Coast AM with George Noory. On June 5, 1954,"
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"'90s on 9 The '90s on 9 (or just The '90s) is the name of Sirius XM Radio's 1990s commercial-free music channel, heard on Sirius XM channel 9 and Dish Network channel 6009. The channel focuses mostly on hit-driven R&B, Hip-Hop, Rock, Dance and Techno tracks from the 1990s. Many of the station IDs are spoofs of movies, TV characters, songs and TV commercials that were popular during the '90s. Occasionally, lesser-known '90s songs are played, preceded by the ""five disc CD changer set on random"" tagline. The channel's logo features a compact disc in place of the zero, representing"
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"Dropped the word ""Hit"" Out of its station name ""Hit 90.9 Sea FM"", Reverting to its original name ""90.9 Sea FM"", as well as its sister station 101.3 Sea FM on the Central Coast of New South Wales. 90.9 Sea FM 90.9 Sea FM Gold Coast (call sign: 4SEA) is a radio station on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. It is part of Southern Cross Austereo's Hit Network, and is also the network hub for the regional Hit Stream, broadcasting shows at times from 9am - 12am across the Hit Networks across Australia. The Sea FM brand name and original"
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"AC oldies station ""Easy Rock 999"", which operated for several months on the automation system. Following the purchase by K & K, and amid declines in the easy listening format, Don Kelly took Eazy Rock 999 live in the summer to Classy 100 WXKC adult contemporary, much like what it is today. WXKC WXKC (99.9 FM, ""Classy 100"") is a radio station in Erie, Pennsylvania. It plays adult contemporary music and is owned by Cumulus Media. The station first went on the air in 1949 as WWYN FM and later briefly as WWFM eight years after the debut of its"
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"to keep its original branding. 91.9 Sea FM 91.9 Sea FM (call sign: 4SEE) is a commercial radio station licensed to, and serving the Sunshine Coast and surrounding areas. It broadcasts on 91.9 MHz on the FM band from its studios in Maroochydore. It is owned by EON Broadcasting, and is sister station to 92.7 Mix FM. In 1995, Sea FM Pty Ltd - later the RG Capital Radio Network - purchased the license of studios of 92.7 Mix FM. The group was successful in launching a second station in the growing Sunshine Coast region. Modeled on its Gold Coast"
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"980"") the same day. The Today's Jazz 103.1 FM WHRL logo can be viewed at Logopedia and Radio Sticker of the Day WGY-FM WGY-FM is a news-talk radio station licensed to Albany, New York that broadcasts at 103.1 FM; the station broadcasts 24 hours a day at 5,600 watts ERP from a non-directional antenna in North Greenbush, New York located near U.S. Route 4. The station, owned by iHeartMedia, serves the New York's Capital District and surrounding areas, including the upper Hudson Valley. WGY-FM's signal can be heard as far away as Hudson and Catskill to the south, Pittsfield and"
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"Sedaka. The following Monday, 980 AM came back on the air as WAYL. The WYOO call sign has resided on an FM talk station in Panama City, Florida since 1989. WYOO (defunct) WYOO (980 AM/101.3 FM) was the set of call letters that resided on a pair of radio station licensed to Richfield, Minnesota and serving the Minneapolis-St. Paul area. Studios were located in Eagan, Minnesota. The station was known as ""U100"" from August 26, 1974 until September 15, 1976. Currently, 980 AM is home to Christian-formatted KKMS and 101.3 FM is CHR-formatted KDWB. After two years of wrangling and"
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"""Altitude Sports 950"" (named after KSE's Altitude cable channel). The new format's programming will include the Rich Eisen Show, along with a schedule of live and local programming. The station was to serve as the radio flagship for the Colorado Avalanche, the Denver Nuggets and the Colorado Rapids, as well as the Colorado Mammoth (all of which are owned by Kroenke). The sale to KSE closed on March 14, 2016, and the station flipped to a simulcast of co-owned Country station 92.5 KWOF that day at Noon. ""Altitude Sports 950"" officially launched at 7 a.m. on April 8. KKSE entered"
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"KFXX (AM) KFXX (1080 kHz), known as ""1080 The FAN"", is an AM radio station broadcasting from Portland, Oregon. It is owned by Entercom Portland LLC and runs sports radio programming. The studios are located south of downtown Portland, and the transmitter site is in the northeast side along the Columbia River. KFXX is a class B radio station. By day, it runs the maximum power for commercial AM stations in the U.S., 50,000 watts, audible around much of northwest Oregon and southwest Washington. But at night, because 1080 is a clear channel frequency, KFXX must reduce power to 9000"
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"turn, sold KPRC radio to its current owner, Clear Channel (renamed iHeartMedia), in 1995. KPRC (AM) KPRC (950 kHz) is a commercial AM talk radio station in Houston, Texas, branded as ""AM 950 KPRC."" It is the oldest radio station licensed to Houston and still on the air to this day. KPRC is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.. The station's studios are located along the West Loop Freeway in the city's Uptown district. The transmitter site is located at the Interstate 610 North Loop and Liberty Road in the Settegast neighborhood on the northeast side. KPRC broadcasts with 5,000 watts around"
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"as ""The Mighty 1080."" It airs national news from the USA Radio Network at the beginning of most hours. KWAI KWAI (1080 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Honolulu, Hawaii, owned by Radio Hawaii, Incorporated. The station offers a talk radio format, including nationally syndicated shows from Thom Hartmann, Roy Masters, Gordon Deal and others, as well as local shows, including paid brokered programming. The morning show is hosted by James Hale Tucker II, Monday-Friday 7am to 9am. Tucker is a 20-year radio broadcaster in Hawaii. The station first signed on the air on January 21, 1972. KWAI"
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"WGAN WGAN (560 kHz) is an American AM radio station licensed to Portland, Maine. The station is owned by Saga Communications and calls itself ""Newsradio 560 and 105.5."" The format is news/talk, with local news being provided by a local staff and national news provided by CBS News Radio. The station is also heard on a low-power FM translator, 105.5, which allows listeners who prefer FM radio to hear WGAN in and around the city of Portland. In addition, WGAN is heard on the HD2 channel of co-owned 93.1 WMGX. AM 560 broadcasts at 5,000 watts around the clock, covering"
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"KIRK (FM) KIRK (99.9 FM, ""The Captain 99.9"") is a radio station licensed to serve Macon, Missouri, United States. The station, established in 1998, is currently owned by Alpha Media with the broadcast license held by Alpha Media Licensee LLC. KIRK broadcasts a classic hits music format to the greater Moberly, Missouri, area. Local programming includes a two-hours weekday morning show called ""KWIXLand This Morning"". Throughout the day the local on-air programmers who can be heard on KIRK include, Brad Boyer, Bill Peterson, Brad Tregnago, Aaron Wood, Eric Messersmith, Brian Hauswirth, Matt Tarnawa, Matt Elliott, Brennan Holtzclaw, Dan Patterson and"
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"clamor for the station's return to its legendary easy listening format after 3 years of hiatus, which it led to its eventual reinstatement, came into fruition. New jingles and stingers contained the phrase ""It Feels Good to be Home"". DWQZ DWQZ (97.9 FM), branded as 979 Home Radio, is a commercial broadcast radio station, broadcasting 24/7 with an Easy Listening format. It is the flagship station of the Home Radio Network, owned by the Aliw Broadcasting Corporation. Its studios are located at the 5th Floor, Citystate Centre, 709 Shaw Blvd., Brgy. Oranbo, Pasig City, and its transmitter is located at"
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"WIXO WIXO (105.7 FM, ""105.7 The X"") is a radio station in Peoria, Illinois. It is owned by Cumulus Media, which also owns several other radio stations in the market. Cumulus purchased WIXO and its sister stations from Townsquare Media. Originally on 99.9 MHz before 2006, it moved to 105.7, a much higher-power license that reaches a large portion of Central Illinois. The name is based on several factors, one being the frequency (105.7) and the other being the fact that it recently relocated from 99.9 having been under the name 99X, and the ""X"" in the name had become"
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"KMBZ (AM) KMBZ (980 kHz; ""Talk 980""), is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Kansas City, Missouri. KMBZ is owned by Entercom Communications and it airs a talk radio format. Its studios and transmitter tower are in suburban Mission, Kansas, at separate locations. After a local morning drive time news show, simulcast with co-owned 98.1 KMBZ-FM, KMBZ's weekday schedule is made up of nationally syndicated talk programs including Rush Limbaugh, Glenn Beck, Sean Hannity, Tom Sullivan, Joe Pags, Laura Ingraham and ""Coast to Coast AM"" with George Noory. World and national news is supplied at the beginning of each"
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"and Wilmington station WSTW in its last ratings period. On October 9, 2009, at 5 PM, after playing ""Streetcorner Symphony"" by Rob Thomas, WNUW flipped to an FM simulcast of WPEN, with the new identity of ""97.5 The Fanatic, Powered by ESPN."" The call sign was switched from WNUW to WPEN-FM. Some of the time, the two stations would simulcast. But when national live game broadcasts were available from ESPN Radio or another network, the AM side would carry the games, while WPEN-FM would feature Philadelphia-focused sports talk. On December 21, 2012, AM 950 was sold to Family Radio and"
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"KOEL (AM) KOEL (950 AM) is US a radio station serving Waterloo, Cedar Falls and surrounding cities with a news/talk format. The station broadcasts on AM frequency 950 kHz and is under the ownership of Townsquare Media. Despite different owners and affiliations, KOEL and KWWL maintain a strong partnership. On August 30, 2013, a deal was announced in which Townsquare would acquire 53 Cumulus Media stations, including KOEL, for $238 million. The deal was part of Cumulus' acquisition of Dial Global; Townsquare and Dial Global are both controlled by Oaktree Capital Management. The sale to Townsquare was completed on November"
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"was changed to WEJM later that year, with its FM simulcast partner taking the call sign WEJM-FM. In spring of 1997, the station was sold to Douglas Broadcasting for $7.5 million. In June 1997, its FM sister station left the simulcast, adopting an urban gospel format as 106.3 WYBA. On August 28, 1997, WEJM 950's format was changed to sports, as a One-on-One Sports affiliate. Around this time, the station was purchased by One-on-One for $10 million. In November 1997, the station's call sign was changed to WIDB. One-On-One was headquartered in suburban Northbrook. The One-on-One Sports affiliation moved to"
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"KUOM KUOM (770 AM) is a student-run non-commercial educational radio station, licensed to the University of Minnesota Twin Cities in Minneapolis. The station's programming, branded as Radio K, was recognized as the ""best radio station of the Twin Cities"" in 2010, 2013, and 2015 by ""City Pages"" editors. KUOM operates with a transmitter power of 5,000 watts, audible around Minneapolis, St. Paul and their suburbs in Minnesota and Wisconsin. However, the station is a daytimer, only licensed to operate between sunrise and sunset. So 24-hour Radio K service is provided by three low-power FM transmitters located in the Twin Cities"
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"WKQI WKQI is an FM radio station serving Detroit, Michigan. Owned by iHeartMedia, it broadcasts a Top 40/CHR format branded as ""Channel 955"" (pronounced ""nine-five-five""). WKQI transmits its signal with an effective radiated power of 100,000 watts from an antenna 430 feet in height located at the intersection of Greenfield Road and 10 Mile Road in suburban Oak Park in Oakland County, and has studios in Farmington Hills. WKQI began in February 1949 as an unaffiliated classical outlet, WLDM. Although a few Andre Kostelanetz, Morton Gould, and Percy Faith light music recordings were played, it was not until the station"
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“I’ve got to go, Rock. It’s all right. I’m not afraid. Some time, Rock, when the team is up against it, when things are wrong and the breaks are beating the boys, ask them to go in there with all they’ve got and win just one for ” whom?
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"and gave his account of Gipp's final words: """"I've got to go, Rock. It's all right. I'm not afraid. Some time, Rock, when the team is up against it, when things are going wrong and the breaks are beating the boys, tell them to go in there with all they've got and win just one for the Gipper. I don't know where I'll be then, Rock. But I'll know about it, and I'll be happy."""" The speech inspired the team and they went on to upset Army and win the game 12–6. The 1929 and 1930 teams both went undefeated,"
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"the others and reunite. Then after some moving around, one boy of the gang wants to quit; the gang leader responds by beating him up and kicking him. The four remaining gang members proceed with the three boys. They end up in a deserted place where the four force the three to participate in a running contest, with one of the three against one of the four, where the group of the winner gets all valuables of all the boys. The two walk along a curved path to the starting point from where they have to run back to the"
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"a piece of stone. This is another game for the boys. One boy would bend and the other boys, may be one or two or three get on top of him, if he could bear the weight, he would win. In case he could not bear the weight and fell, he would lose. This game is popular even today and is played now by both boys and girls. This was included in the Asian Games also and is popular all over south Asia. The game is played between two teams. A line is drawn between the two teams and each"
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"Rock, who'd gone down there to sleep after losing his job and getting kicked out of his house after a physical confrontation with his drunken father. They fight and are caught by security. Principal James wants to suspend them both, but agrees to give them extra detention with Pierre instead. Pierre tells the class about a dance competition that he wants them to enter. Gradually, the students begin to trust Pierre; Kurd even visits his apartment to discuss his sexual problems. When the detention basement is flooded, Pierre takes the students to his dance studio to practice. The youngsters become"
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"local bar with a live television crew to goad Rocky into accepting a title fight. Rocky declines and tries to reason with him, but Gunn rebukes it and calls him weak, prompting Paulie to stand up for Rocky. When Gunn attacks Paulie, Rocky accepts the challenge, but tells him ""my ring is outside."" Despite Washington's warnings to keep the fight in the ring, Gunn accepts. During the fight, Rocky is seemingly beaten down before he hears the voice of Mickey urging him to get up and continue the fight, to go just ""one more round."" Rocky gets up and, with"
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"to the fact it was a total goof on them."" The music video for ""Fight For Your Right"" begins as a mother and father tell their two sons to stay out of trouble while they're away. When they leave, the two boys decide to have a party, hoping ""no bad people show up""; this prompts the arrival of Ad-Rock, Mike D, and MCA at the party. The trio start all kinds of trouble within the house, such as chasing and kissing girls, starting fires, bringing more troublesome people into the house, spiking the punch, smashing things, and starting a massive"
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"stop them but Ned finally stands up to her and accompanies them to the battle. The band arrives just as ""No Vacancy"" is finishing up their performance (""I'm Too Hot For You (Reprise.)"") Dewey decides that they should play Zack's song and accepts new costumes from Billy. The parents arrive, but are not allowed backstage by the security guards. As the students go to perform, Zack's father begins shouting at his son, telling him that ""School of Rock"" is ridiculous and stupid. Zack, finally having enough, stands up to his father and tells him that the band means more to"
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"to help coach the team by gathering several intimidating inmates as a boost to the team's strength. Caretaker tells Crewe that they need more ""brothers"" on the team. When Crewe goes to the basketball court to ask the black inmates to join the team, their leader, Deacon Moss rebuffs him. Crewe challenges Deacon to a one-on-one basketball game, saying that if he wins, the brothers will join the team, and if Deacon wins, Crewe will leave them alone. Deacon accepts, and despite Deacon's undisguised personal fouls in which he elbows, punches or grabs Crewe, Crewe continues without complaint. On the"
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"bad that he's the lowest and that he should go—he does not want to benefit from someone else getting sent home. Rebecca tells the camera she's irritated about it, and Liz is ticked that Mo is ""falling on the sword"". Allen says Tracey is actually the stronger player, and he suggest they remove emotions to make the decisions. Rudy says he feels better with a coach than a Tracey. They appear split, and then they go to commercial. Rudy tells the camera that they need to do what the best thing is for the team, even if Mo says he"
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"by one they must climb a ladder, walk across a beam, grab 2 animals out of a box, climb up another ladder, walk across a much smaller beam, climb up a ladder on the other side, walk across another beam and grab another animal out of a box after they have three animals their time stops. The team with lowest average of time wins the challenge. Sassy, Blond Baller and Hot wings see this now as prefect opportunity to throw the challenge, until Craig tells them that there is a Gold lock up at stake. This screws up their plan"
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"office workers in a game of basketball—the loser of which will have to work on Saturday. When Michael ends the game on a dubious ""flagrant foul"" call (while his team was ahead), he informs them that as a result, they have to work Saturday. When Darryl and the other warehouse workers confront him, Michael (intimidated by the much larger men) gives in and allows them to have the day off. Darryl seems to be the only character on the show who calls Michael ""Mike"" besides Andy (although Dwight did at one time refer to Michael as ""Mike"" in ""The Coup"")."
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"it in a bid to secure a better deal for himself: each of the boys ends up with two-week detention, except for Cartman, who gets only one for ""being brave"" (Cartman considered it a pyrrhic victory, as he later laments having to spend one week of detention). Kyle is outraged and he finds this unfair because he was supposed to confess and do the right thing not Cartman. Josh manages to trick the police and flee. At the conclusion of the episode, he calls Officer Barbrady and thanks him for enabling his escape. Despite Barbrady's pleas—""Josh, you have to go"
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"good all week. They are faced with a challenge that evening. Three contestants from each team have to compete. The challenge is an endurance test where the contestants have to keep ducking under or jumping over a swinging bar. Contact with the bar will cause it to break and eliminate the contestant. Roger hits his bar and is out first. Bernie is second. The challenge goes for a long time and Roger tries to broker a deal with the Black Team to make it a draw. They do not accept. Dan is then eliminated, leaving only Jay for the Blue"
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"Their opponents, in green jerseys, come out onto the court and are revealed to be much taller and fitter than Drake's team. They are much more successful at scoring points than Drake's team. Drake complains to the referee, who rolls his eyes. Drake calls a timeout and delivers a rousing pep talk, replete with sexual innuendo, to his team. They protest that all he taught them how to do was stretch. The game resumes and the opposing team continues to prevail, winning with a score of 91 to 14. Drake's team is increasingly distraught. In the closing shots, Drake sits"
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"to the Shamrocks. Doug reaches out to Laflamme and promises him he will always protect him on the ice; the incident touches Laflamme, who reconsiders his animosity towards Doug. In their next game, the Highlanders lead 1–0 thanks to strong teamwork between Doug and Laflamme. In the final seconds, Doug blocks a slapshot with his face and his ankle is injured in the ensuing scramble. The Highlanders win, but need a win against Rhea and the Shamrocks in their last game for a playoff spot. After two periods, the Shamrocks are beating the Highlanders 2–0. Rhea and Doug mutually agree"
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"students ""teamwork, respect, and dignity"". On the night of the contest, Rock is told by the gang he has joined that he must participate in a theft. He intentionally shoots the sprinkler system, setting off the alarm, and all have to flee. At the competition, it is announced that a $5000 prize will be given to the winning team. Monster intervenes in the cotillion and saves Caitlin from tripping. Sasha, Danjou, and Ramos perform an impressive three-person tango but are disqualified because the event is a partner dance. Morgan is awarded the prize but defuses the tension by calling it"
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"won up to that point. In a variant of the Rock, Paper, Scissors intransitive game, the teams select water, wood, or fire to defeat one another in a best 2 out of 3 match, e.g., The first team to win two rounds wins the challenge and the right to stay in the game. The losers are immediately eliminated. In Season 1, the losing team's pieces went to the team winning the next episode's challenge; in all subsequent seasons, the losing team gave their pyramid pieces to any team of their choice, with a farewell note read to the remaining contestants."
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"robbers is to get to the base without getting tagged. If a cop tags a robber they are out and have to go to jail. A robber can only be tagged out of jail if another robber tags them out. If all the robbers get to base, their team completely wins the round. But, for example, if there are 4 robbers on base and 1 in jail, the team captain or the entire team will decide if they want to end the round or try to tag the other robber out of jail, but risk getting out too. If they"
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"Douglas and his FBI crew's presence, they are unable to capture the boys. The next day, Fester and his friends attempt to follow the boys to school but are side-tracked by a fender bender with a police car. Emily becomes separated from the boys and encounters a group of bullies who steal her bike. Emily becomes upset with Rocky for showing off and walks to school alone. At recess, the boys challenge the bullies to a two-on-two basketball game to ten, and they spot the bullies nine points. The brothers effortlessly score ten consecutive points, winning Emily's bike and respect"
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"rest of the group closes in, Marcus leaves the injured Vaughn. Brian savagely beats Vaughn before being pulled off by Logan; the rest of the group continue to pursue Marcus. Logan and Brian take Vaughn back to town, where Vaughn tells them the whole story. Brian wants to kill both Vaughn and Marcus; but Logan, realizing their deaths would not go unpunished, insists on turning them over to the police instead. Brian flatly rejects this, claiming there isn't sufficient evidence to convict them and Vaughn will just change his story to save himself. Just as Brian moves to finish Vaughn"
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"take two of the bones; if they are wrong, they pass one scoring stick to their opponents. When a team has won both pairs of bones, it is their turn to conceal them and the other team's turn to guess. The game continues until a team runs out of scoring sticks, at which point the other team wins. The game is usually accompanied by drumming and singing used to boost the morale of the team. The side that has the bones sings, while the other tries to guess. The musical accompaniment is also sometimes used to taunt the other team."
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"the gang when they ran into them an abandoned cabin. Charlie Brown grows increasingly into his leadership role; ultimately, after the bullies sabotage everyone else's rafts, the boys' and girls' teams merge. Although treated as a scapegoat for problems, Charlie Brown handles it well, such as when the team is trapped on a water wheel, he claims it is incumbent upon him as the leader to remove the obstacle. Thanks to Charlie Brown's growing self-confidence and leadership, the gang is about to win the race at the climax after overcoming considerable odds. Unfortunately, Peppermint Patty incites the girls to celebrate"
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"save the team. However, a save won't be enough. A goal is also needed at the other end in order to win. Billy prepares to make a split second decision: to dart to the left or to the right? The ball is kicked towards him, but Billy notices it's going the other way! Billy has to change direction before it is too late! Groaning loudly in pain, he manages to move towards the ball and divert it! The ball moves over to Brown Fox who passes it on. But before the ball has crossed the line, the final whistle blows"
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"Billy Bob also steps in to defend his teammates. Mox tells Kilmer that the only way they will return to the field for the second half is without him. Realizing that he will be forced to forfeit the game, he loses control and physically assaults Mox. The other players intercede and then refuse to take to the field. Knowing his loss of control has cost him his credibility, Kilmer tries in vain to rally support and spark the team's spirit into trusting him, but none of the players follow him out of the locker room. He continues down the hall,"
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"the next round, and those without a ball would be eliminated. The first winner would be captain of the Gold Team, and second winner captain of the Red Team. Camilla and Rocky win Captain's challenge and select members to be a part of the Red and Gold teams. With the Gold and Red teams formed, the Team Challenge is up next. The Red Team pushes their way to victory, leaving the Gold Team to nominate two of their teammates for elimination. In an effort to break up Camilla's alliance, the Gold Team nominates Amy and Danni for elimination. The first"
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"gain control whenever she wants it. Tracey is given time on her own to choose teams – no input from anyone else. Bob and Jillian show up to find out they are going blue vs. black, and they are a bit disgusted that Tracey is in control. She chooses Bob and says she has a ""connection with Bob"". Bob says ""wow"" and Jillian says there's no connection; she's just getting out of the ass whooping Jillian was going to give her. Daniel goes to black, Mo goes to blue, Shay goes to black. She says she ""chose from the heart"""
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"at wearing kilts – much to the delight of the Scottish ladies! Meanwhile, the rest of the boys learn how to do their stretches and poses in their first yoga lesson, much to their amusement! However, things get serious for the lads as after their next match with Alloa Athletic not one, but two players face elimination. Only four players will make it through to the next round and this pressure on the boys shows in their performance with injuries and illness hampering the lads. Determined to do their best, the boys push through and win the match comfortably. Their"
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"money he was expecting for his deal actually went to Ron to Buy him out of his previous contract. Babs finally tells Ash he is too late to save the pub anyway, it's gone. They leave Ash alone, but when Ron enters, Ash throws him to the ground in a heated rage before storming off. Ron is left alone with his own thoughts (""Never Forget""). In the band's dressing room, the four boys are preparing to go on stage to perform their number for the competition. Ash joins them and wants to make amends; he's decided to break his deal"
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"basketball match, with the stipulation that the loser will walk away from the team. Later, Peyton’s car breaks down and Lucas comes to her assistance. During a discussion, Lucas relays his history with Dan and Nathan. Lucas shows up at Keith’s shop by the time Dan is talking to Keith about Karen. Following this, Lucas makes up his mind and accepts Nathan’s challenge. After winning the game, Lucas lets Peyton know that Nathan has to stay on the team because ""it's the last thing he wants"". In the last scene, Lucas enters the school’s gym while everyone is staring at"
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"Rondalee is the first to fall in, leaving the quarterback and the lineman to face off. It's a tough battle, but in the end Damien drops, which means Scott nabs the Red Team's first victory! Now it's time to assign the penalties. One team will be on cleaning duty - they have to clean the whole house and can't hit the gym until their chores are done. The other team will be leaving the ranch and won't be back until the weigh-in. They won't have their trainer or access to the gym. Instead, they'll be headed to the polar opposite"
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"and Toma drop next, leaving just Rondalee for the White Team. But she can't hold on any longer and drops, which means the Blue Team wins! Not one of their members let go of their rope, and they finally take down the undefeated White Team. Scott feels like he let the Red Team down by being the first to fall, but without Dolvett this week, he is determined to lead his team to victory by example. The White Team is worried about only having Jen for one day and don't want to let her down. Over at Comeback Canyon, Bob"
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"the cave, and Koga, now realizing the price of his greed, apologizes and leaves the group unharmed. Rocky realizes that they are a day ahead of America and that they can still make it home by the championship game. At the game, the boys overcome their flaws. Down by two in the last inning, one of the opposing team antagonists gets a hit off Rocky's pitch which is almost a home run, until a recent roster add, revealed to be Miyo, catches the ball. In the bottom of the inning, Colt focuses and hits a home run, allowing all three"
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"that he deals with ""dirtbags"" at his job and didn't feel like dealing with them, and it made him sick to think he would be paired with one. The girls start crying, saying they feel disgusted by what was said. Caroline tells everyone that now was an opportunity to see the best in each other. She tells them one person would be picking the teams in a temptation. Everyone goes into a room with trays and a note that says, ""choose wisely, only one gives you the power, the others are full of calories"". Everyone except Shannon and Jeff participate."
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Dec 13, 1953 saw the birth of Ben Bernanke, Harvard grad with a PhD from MIT. What governmental position does he hold?
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"Ben Bernanke Ben Shalom Bernanke ( ; born December 13, 1953) is an American economist at the Brookings Institution who served two terms as Chair of the Federal Reserve, the central bank of the United States, from 2006 to 2014. During his tenure as chair, Bernanke oversaw the Federal Reserve's response to the late-2000s financial crisis. Before becoming Federal Reserve chair, Bernanke was a tenured professor at Princeton University and chaired the department of economics there from 1996 to September 2002, when he went on public service leave. From August 5, 2002 until June 21, 2005, he was a member"
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"even if actual implementation of the plan might have to wait until the economic outlook improves. His remarks were most likely intended for the federal government's executive and legislative branches, since entitlement reform is a fiscal exercise that will be accomplished by the Congress and the President rather than a monetary task falling within the implementation powers of the Federal Reserve. Bernanke also pointed out that deficit reduction will necessarily consist of either raising taxes, cutting entitlement payments and other government spending, or some combination of both. Ben Bernanke Ben Shalom Bernanke ( ; born December 13, 1953) is an"
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"Kenneth Manning Kenneth R. Manning (born December 11, 1947) is an American academic professor and author. He is currently the Thomas Meloy Professor of Rhetoric and of the History of Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Born in Dillon, South Carolina and educated in local schools, Manning eventually moved to North Haven, Connecticut, soon afterwards. Manning entered Harvard University in 1966 and completed his Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in 1970, his Master of Arts (M.A.) in 1971, and his Ph.D. in 1974. While he was doing his graduate studies, Manning helped guide fellow Dillon native Ben Bernanke, who"
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"received a Ph.D. degree in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1979 after completing and defending his dissertation, ""Long-Term Commitments, Dynamic Optimization, and the Business Cycle"". Bernanke's thesis adviser was the future governor of the Bank of Israel, Stanley Fischer, and his readers included Irwin S. Bernstein, Rüdiger Dornbusch, Robert Solow, and Peter Diamond of MIT and Dale Jorgenson of Harvard. Bernanke met his wife, Anna, a schoolteacher, on a blind date. She was a student at Wellesley College, and he was in graduate school at MIT. The Bernankes have two children. He is an ardent fan of"
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"in his local synagogue. Although he keeps his beliefs private, his friend Mark Gertler, chairman of New York University's economics department, says they are ""embedded in who he (Bernanke) is"". The Bernanke family was concerned that Ben would ""lose his Jewish identity"" if he went to Harvard. Fellow Dillon native Kenneth Manning, who would eventually become a professor of the history of sciences at MIT, assured the family ""there are Jews in Boston"". Once Bernanke was at Harvard for his freshman year, Manning took him to Brookline for Rosh Hashanah services. Bernanke was educated at East Elementary, J.V. Martin Junior"
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"too far on mortgage credit conditions"". Since February 2014, Bernanke has been employed as a Distinguished Fellow in Residence with the Economic Studies Program at the Brookings Institution. On April 16, 2015, it was announced publicly that Bernanke will work with Citadel, the $25 billion hedge fund founded by billionaire Kenneth C. Griffin, as a senior adviser. In the same month it was revealed that Bernanke would also join Pimco as a senior advisor. In his 2015 book, ""The Courage to Act"", Bernanke revealed that he was no longer a Republican, having ""lost patience with Republicans' susceptibility to the know-nothing-ism"
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"Scholars. Alumni in American politics and public service include former Chairman of the Federal Reserve Ben Bernanke, former MA-1 Representative John Olver, former CA-13 Representative Pete Stark, former National Economic Council chairman Lawrence H. Summers, and former Council of Economic Advisors chairman Christina Romer. MIT alumni in international politics include Foreign Affairs Minister of Iran Ali Akbar Salehi, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, President of Colombia Virgilio Barco Vargas, President of the European Central Bank Mario Draghi, former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India Raghuram Rajan, former British Foreign Minister David Miliband, former Greek Prime Minister Lucas Papademos, former"
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"agencies of foreign governments) that prevented an economic catastrophe greater than the Great Depression. Bernanke was born in Augusta, Georgia, and was raised on East Jefferson Street in Dillon, South Carolina. His father Philip was a pharmacist and part-time theater manager. His mother Edna was an elementary school teacher. Bernanke has two younger siblings. His brother, Seth, is a lawyer in Charlotte, North Carolina. His sister, Sharon, is a longtime administrator at Berklee College of Music in Boston. The Bernankes were one of the few Jewish families in Dillon and attended Ohav Shalom, a local synagogue; Bernanke learned Hebrew as"
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"Emma and Samuel. He and his wife, Debi, are the parents of three children: Truman, Tatum and Talmage. Benson is a descendant of the famous Taft family. His middle name is Taft. Benson is a grandson of former U.S. Secretary of Agriculture and LDS Church President Ezra Taft Benson,[6] and served an LDS mission in Rome, Italy. His older brother Steve is the Pulitzer Prize winning cartoonist with the Arizona Republic. [7] Michael T. Benson Michael T. Benson (born February 28, 1965) is the current president of Eastern Kentucky University, a position he assumed on August 1, 2013. He previously"
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"High, and Dillon High School, where he was class valedictorian and played saxophone in the marching band. Since Dillon High School did not offer calculus at the time, Bernanke taught it to himself. Bernanke scored 1590 out of 1600 on the SAT and was a National Merit Scholar. He also was a contestant in the 1965 National Spelling Bee. Bernanke attended Harvard University in 1971, where he lived in Winthrop House, as did the future CEO of Goldman Sachs, Lloyd Blankfein, and graduated with an A.B. degree, and later with an A.M. in economics ""summa cum laude"" in 1975. He"
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"Charlie Baker Charles Duane Baker, Jr. (born November 13, 1956) is an American businessman and politician serving as the 72nd and current Governor of Massachusetts since January 8, 2015. He was a cabinet official under two Governors of Massachusetts and spent ten years as CEO of Harvard Pilgrim Health Care. Raised in Needham, Massachusetts, Baker graduated from Harvard and obtained an MBA from Northwestern University's Kellogg School of Management. In 1991, he became Massachusetts Undersecretary of Health and Human Services under Governor Bill Weld. In 1992, he was appointed Secretary of Health and Human Services of Massachusetts. He later served"
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"members who have won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences include: Professor Ben Bernanke was a Professor of Economics prior to serving as Chairman of the Federal Reserve. Professor Alan Blinder served on Bill Clinton's Council of Economic Advisers and previously served as Vice Chairman of the Federal Reserve. Former faculty members included John Kenneth Galbraith, a leading academic on post-Keynesian economics and Uwe Reinhardt, a scholar on health care economics and Medicare. Other notably faculty members include: Princeton University Department of Economics The Princeton University Department of Economics is an academic department of Princeton University, an Ivy League"
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"President of the United Nations General Assembly. In business, alumni include: Bernard Marcus (B.S. 1951), founder of hardware retail company Home Depot; Bill Rasmussen (MBA 1960), founder of ESPN; Duncan MacMillan (B.S. 1966), co-founder of financial data and media company Bloomberg L.P.; and Rana Kapoor (MBA 1980), founder/CEO of Yes Bank. In science and technology, alumni include: Peter C. Schultz (B.S. 1967), co-inventor of fiber optics; geneticist Stanley N. Cohen (B.Sc. 1956) who pioneered in the field of gene splicing; and Louis Gluck (B.S. 1930) the ""father of neonatology"". In higher education, Carol T. Christ serves as the current chancellor"
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"JetBlue flight. The following week, Baker responded to questions regarding the incident and stated that his son would fully cooperate with an independent review of the matter by the Massachusetts U.S. Attorney's Office. Charlie Baker Charles Duane Baker, Jr. (born November 13, 1956) is an American businessman and politician serving as the 72nd and current Governor of Massachusetts since January 8, 2015. He was a cabinet official under two Governors of Massachusetts and spent ten years as CEO of Harvard Pilgrim Health Care. Raised in Needham, Massachusetts, Baker graduated from Harvard and obtained an MBA from Northwestern University's Kellogg School"
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"Michael Bloomberg Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born February 14, 1942) is an American businessman, politician, author, and philanthropist. As of June 2018, his net worth was estimated at $51.8 billion, making him the 8th-richest person in the United States and the 11th richest person in the world. He has joined The Giving Pledge, whereby billionaires pledge to give away at least half of their wealth. To date, Bloomberg has given away $8.2 billion, including his November 2018 $1.8 billion gift to Johns Hopkins University — the largest private donation ever made to a higher education institution. Bloomberg is the founder, CEO,"
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"ahead of the Republican and Constitution Party candidates. This was the strongest performance of any third party candidate in Wisconsin since 1944. Ben Manski Ben Manski (born July 16, 1974) is an American sociologist, lawyer, and democracy advocate. He is the founder of the Liberty Tree Foundation for the Democratic Revolution, and co-founder of Move to Amend, the 180/Movement for Democracy and Education, and United for Peace and Justice. In 2011, he chaired the first biennial ""Democracy Convention."" Manski was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on July 16, 1974, to economist Charles Manski and educator Kate Manski. When he was three"
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"Secretary of Energy and Nobel laureate Steven Chu (PhD 1976), was Director of Berkeley Lab, 2004–2009. Janet Yellen, the 15th Chair of the Federal Reserve Board, is a professor emeritus at Berkeley Haas School of Business and the Department of Economics. Berkeley alumni have served in a range of prominent government offices, both domestic and foreign, including Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (Earl Warren, BA, JD); United States Attorney General (Edwin Meese III, JD); United States Secretary of State (Dean Rusk, LL.B.); United States Secretary of the Treasury (W. Michael Blumenthal, BA); United States Secretary of Defense"
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"a university that for thirty-five years has led the country in higher education research spending. In August 2016 he stepped down as provost and was appointed Krieger-Eisenhower Professor in the Johns Hopkins Department of Political Science. He now lives in Baltimore, Maryland in the Roland Park neighborhood with his family. His wife is Lauren Osborne, and their children include a son Benjamin and twins, Martha and Aaron. Lieberman has written extensively on American political development, social welfare policy, issues of race and politics in America, institutional racism, and the welfare state. He has received support from the National Science Foundation,"
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"Barack Obama nominated Tarullo to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve. He took office on January 28, 2009, to fill an unexpired term ending January 31, 2022. On January 3, 2014, Daniel Tarullo administered the oath of office to Janet Yellen, as Chairman of the Federal Reserve, as she took office, replacing Ben Bernanke, who joined the Brookings Institution, as a distinguished fellow in residence. Daniel Tarullo Daniel K. Tarullo (born November 1952) is a former member of the Board of Governors of the United States Federal Reserve Board since January 28, 2009, in which capacity he served"
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"President Ronald Reagan. Mitt Romney, former Governor of Massachusetts, 2012 Republican Presidential Nominee, and U.S. Senator-elect, was class of 1971. BYU alumni in academia include former Dean of the Harvard Business School Kim B. Clark, two time world's most influential business thinker Clayton M. Christensen, Michael K. Young ('73), former president of the University of Washington, Matthew S. Holland, current president of Utah Valley University, Stan L. Albrecht, former president of Utah State University, Teppo Felin, Professor at the University of Oxford, and Stephen D. Nadauld, previous president of Dixie State University. The University also graduated Nobel Prize winner Paul"
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"the peace process. According to senior U.S. administration sources, other officials present offered no rebuttal to Gates' analysis. This was not the first time Gates publicly expressed frustration with the Netanyahu government, with which he had worked hard to provide wide-scale and deep military cooperation. The Likud party of Israel responded to Gates' description of Benjamin Netanyahu as a danger to Israel's future by claiming that most Israelis support the prime minister. Gates' awards and decorations include: Robert Gates Robert Michael Gates (born September 25, 1943) is an American statesman, scholar, intelligence analyst, and university president who served as the"
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"Janet Yellen Janet Louise Yellen (born August 13, 1946) is an American economist. She served as the Chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System from 2014–2018, previously serving as Vice Chair from 2010 to 2014. Previously, she was President and Chief Executive Officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco; Chair of the White House Council of Economic Advisers under President Bill Clinton; and business professor at the University of California, Berkeley, Haas School of Business. Yellen was nominated by President Obama to succeed Ben Bernanke as Chairwoman of the United States Federal Reserve. On"
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"Benjamin M. Friedman Benjamin Morton Friedman (; born 1944) is a leading American political economist. Friedman is the William Joseph Maier Professor of Political Economy at Harvard University. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Brookings Institute's Panel on Economic Activity, and the editorial board of the ""Encyclopædia Britannica"". Friedman received his A.B., A.M., and Ph.D. degrees, all in economics, from Harvard University. He also received an M.Sc. in economics and politics from King's College, Cambridge as a Marshall Scholar. He has been on the Harvard faculty since 1972. Currently Friedman is a member of the"
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"Brett Kavanaugh Brett Michael Kavanaugh (; born February 12, 1965) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was nominated by President Donald Trump to succeed Anthony Kennedy and took the oath of office on October 6, 2018. He previously served as a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit and as a staff lawyer for various offices of the Federal government of the United States. Kavanaugh graduated from Yale University ""cum laude"", with a degree in American history. After graduating from Yale Law School,"
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"for International Peace. He was succeeded by former U.S. secretary of commerce Penny Pritzker in May 2018. On May 24, 2018, he was awarded the Doctor of Laws degree by Harvard University, his fifth degree. Harvey V. Fineberg Harvey Vernon Fineberg (born September 15, 1945) is an American physician. He is the president of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and was formerly president of the Institute of Medicine from 2002 to 2014. He served as Provost of Harvard University from 1997 to 2001, following thirteen years as Dean of the Harvard School of Public Health. He has devoted most"
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"born in Den Helder on July 5, 1946, but grew up in The Hague, the seat of government of the Netherlands. He was the middle child of a family of three. He comes from a family of scholars. His grandmother was a sister of Nobel prize laureate Frits Zernike, and was married to Pieter Nicolaas van Kampen, who was a well-known professor of zoology at Leiden University. His uncle Nico van Kampen was an (emeritus) professor of theoretical physics at Utrecht University, and while his mother did not opt for a scientific career because of her gender, she did marry"
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"Publishing Company, Carnesale, Albert; Blackwill, Robert D. (1993), New Nuclear Nations: Consequences for U.S. Policy, Council on Foreign Relations Carnesale is also the author of more than 50 scholarly articles. Albert Carnesale Albert Carnesale (born July 2, 1936) is an American academic and a specialist in arms control and national security. He is a former chancellor of the University of California, Los Angeles, provost of Harvard University, and dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard. In November 1994, while serving as dean and provost, Carnesale was appointed acting president of Harvard while President Neil L. Rudenstine was on"
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"in a global competition, the Genesis Generation Challenge, to identify young adults' big ideas to better the world. In 2014, Bloomberg was bestowed the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from Harvard University in recognition of his public service and leadership in the world of business. On October 6, 2014, Queen Elizabeth II awarded Bloomberg as Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire for his ""prodigious entrepreneurial and philanthropic endeavors, and the many ways in which they have benefited the United Kingdom and the U.K.-U.S. special relationship."" As Bloomberg is not a citizen of the United Kingdom,"
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"known universe."" Pence adheres to the Billy Graham rule, in which husbands avoid spending time alone with women to whom they are not married. Mike Pence Michael Richard Pence (born June 7, 1959) is an American politician and lawyer serving as the 48th and current Vice President of the United States. He previously was the 50th governor of Indiana from 2013 to 2017 and a member of the United States House of Representatives from 2001 to 2013. He is the younger brother of U.S. politician Greg Pence. Born and raised in Columbus, Indiana, Pence graduated from Hanover College and earned"
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"Obama administration's response to the Great Recession. After his departure from the NEC in December 2010, Summers has worked in the private sector and as a columnist in major newspapers. In mid-2013, his name was widely floated as the potential successor to Ben Bernanke as the Chairman of the Federal Reserve, though Obama eventually nominated Federal Reserve Vice-Chairwoman Janet Yellen for the position. As of 2017, Summers retains his Harvard University status as former president emeritus and Charles W. Eliot University Professor. Summers was born in New Haven, Connecticut, on November 30, 1954, into a Jewish family, the son of"
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"presidential campaign. In 2012, ""Time"" magazine included Romney in their List of The 100 Most Influential People in the World. Mitt Romney Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12, 1947) is an American politician and businessman who is the United States Senator-elect from Utah. He previously served as the 70th Governor of Massachusetts from 2003 to 2007 and was the Republican Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election. Raised in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan by his parents, George and Lenore Romney, he spent two-and-a-half years in France as a Mormon missionary starting in 1966. He married Ann"
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"Howard Warren Buffett Howard Warren Buffett (born October 14, 1983) is an American professor in public policy and international affairs, political advisor, and philanthropist. He serves as an adjunct faculty member at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs and was previously the executive director of the Howard G. Buffett Foundation, a private philanthropic foundation that funds initiatives aimed at improving the standard of living and quality of life for the world’s most impoverished and marginalized populations. He previously led agriculture-based economic stabilization and redevelopment programs in Iraq and Afghanistan while at the United States Department of Defense, and"
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"of the Tian'anmen Square protests of 1989 and the founder of All Girls Allowed, a humanitarian organization that aims to stop the human rights violations related to China's One-Child Policy. They have three daughters and reside in Belmont, Massachusetts. Robert Maginn Robert A. Maginn Jr. (born October 31, 1956) is an American businessman and political figure who served as the Chairman of the Massachusetts Republican Party from 2011 to 2013. Maginn graduated ""summa cum laude"" from the University of Dayton with a B.S. in Business Administration and received a M.L.A. degree in government and a M.B.A. degree from Harvard University."
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Which Gilligans Island character had the unique ability to construct just about anything necessary to survive from coconuts and bamboo (including a way to recharge batteries), but couldn't be arsed to fix a 2 foot hole in a boat?
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"Russell Johnson has confirmed that it was the producers' intention for his character due to concern from the censors. Unusual for its day, the show actually includes a line where the Professor directly states to Ginger his lack of interest in either sex or romance. A running joke about the Professor was his ability to build nearly anything from coconuts and bamboo, yet he was somehow unable to repair the damaged ""Minnow"", construct a seaworthy raft or find other means to leave the island. This was parodied in the sitcom ""Roseanne"". The show's producer, Sherwood Schwartz, answered this paradox in"
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"Professor stated after they crashed, ""This hole on the boat defies all of my advanced knowledge. To fix it would be impossible ... now if you'll excuse me, I’m going to go create explosive fillings out of sand."" In the parody movie ""Back to the Beach"", a character played by Bob Denver and obviously based on Gilligan mentions knowing ""a guy who could build a nuclear reactor out of coconuts but couldn't fix a two-foot hole in a boat."" Also, in ""Weird Al"" Yankovic’s song ""Isle Thing"" (a parody of Tone Lōc’s ""Wild Thing""), he sings: ""She said ‘That guy’s"
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"citrus trees to avoid scurvy and a good supply of fresh water to drink and to prepare tropical drinks. While most are explained by the Professor's (or occasionally Gilligan's) ingenuity, sometimes they are also explained by things being washed up on shore or falling off cargo ships. Naturally, despite their obvious skill and inventiveness, the castaways never quite manage to put together a functional raft out of bamboo (or repair the holes in the ""Minnow"", though the entire ship fell apart in the eighth episode, ""Goodbye Island""). In the television movie ""Rescue from Gilligan's Island"", the castaways tie all their"
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"include the episode where he discovered waterproof glue that turned out to be temporary and that the ship will sink. His warning was ignored until the point when the boat's boards came undone. Another time when a butterfly collector came to the island and refused to signal until he got what he came for, the castaways are arguing amongst themselves about the collector's recalcitrance and ignoring Gilligan, until he gets in the last word by saying he stole the man's flare gun. Despite his bumbling nature, Gilligan has an innate innocence of character that causes the others to forgive his"
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"stretches of the imagination. Russell Johnson noted in his autobiography that the production crew enjoyed the challenge of building these props. These bamboo items include framed huts with thatched grass sides and roofs, along with bamboo closets strong enough to withstand hurricane-force winds and rain; the communal dining table and chairs, pipes for Gilligan's hot water, a stethoscope, and a pedal-powered car. Many scenes occur at the dining table, where the castaways enjoy many dishes that Ginger and Mary Ann prepare while a portable radio provides news and entertainment. Gilligan and the Skipper often catch fish, and the island has"
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"Gilligan (Gilligan's Island) Gilligan is a fictional character played by Bob Denver on the 1960s TV show ""Gilligan's Island"" and its many sequels. Gilligan, affectionately called ""Little Buddy"" by the ""Skipper"", is the bumbling, dimwitted, accident-prone first mate of the . None of the show's episodes ever specified Gilligan's full name or clearly indicate whether ""Gilligan"" is the character's first name or his last. Gilligan wears a trademark red shirt, pale trousers, white sneakers and white navy cap. During a storm, he throws an anchor overboard without a rope attached, which leaves the ""Minnow"" shipwrecked on an ""uncharted desert isle"""
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"hates lugging water, and caused the lighter to break leaving the group with no source of fire. However, he later fixes it. He wants to get off the island so he sneaks around taking miscellaneous objects. His actions are eventually discovered by Lex who informs Melissa. Due to allergies he wasn't aware of, he becomes extremely ill after eating shellfish. Nearly dying from an allergic reaction until Melissa gives him a shot which saves him. In the novel he's described as a class clown and acts like ""the millionaire"" from Gilligan's Island. He wears nice clothes, boat shoes, sperry top-siders"
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"some bumbling error committed by Gilligan (with the notable exception of ""The Big Gold Strike"", where everyone except Gilligan is responsible for their failed escape) and the Professor in one episode where he admitting to reading a tablet wrong. Sometimes this would result in Gilligan saving the others from some unforeseen flaw in their plan. Most episodes have one of five primary themes. The first deals with life on the island. A running gag is the castaways' ability to fashion a vast array of useful objects from bamboo and other local material. Some are simple everyday things, while others are"
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"1000 miles from civilization, and an inexpert repair would be risky on such a long journey. Furthermore, in an early episode, ""Goodbye Island"", he attempts to do so with a native tree syrup, which proves a disastrous failure that results in the ""Minnow"" being completely destroyed. (Also, earlier in the series, Gilligan and Skipper built a raft to sail for help; however, the island was revealed to be near a shark-filled area that made such a journey too dangerous for anything other than an actual boat or rubber raft.) In the sitcom ""Roseanne"", when one of the characters playing the"
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"for 23 days from 6 February to 1 March. They reported that the lagoon water was drinkable, though they preferred to drink water from the coconuts they found. Unable to use any of the dilapidated buildings, they constructed a crude shelter from cement bags and tin salvaged from Quonset huts built by the American military 20 years earlier. Wood from the huts was used for firewood, and fish caught off the fringing reef combined with some potatoes and onions they had saved from their sinking vessel to augment the meagre supply of coconuts. The crewmen reported that they tried eating"
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"used to make a barometer. While using the new barometer, the Professor deduces that they are going to be hit by a tsunami of such magnitude that it will destroy the island (he can't back this up, as even their radio has finally broken down due to age). To survive the killer wave, the Professor has the castaways maneuver three huts together and secure them to one another. When the castaways awaken the next morning, they realize that the Professor's prediction has come true; they have been swept off the island and their huts have become a makeshift raft. Gilligan"
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"waters. The crew included: The survivors lived for seven months on Disappointment Island, a and barren outcrop. For the first three days they ate raw mollymawks until their supply of matches dried enough to get a fire going. They kept the same fire burning for the rest of their stay on the island, burrowed into the ground for shelter. The island had limited timber and their canvas tent could not withstand the constant storms that struck the island, so they improvised by digging into the ground and roofing over the hole they made with sod and shelter. The survivors also"
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"removed to plant coconuts…The only house is a hut constructed of leaves. No provisions except for fish are available. There is sufficient dead wood to burn lime and there is coral for building but all labourers and rations would have to come from Mahé at great expense”. He noted that the last time a ship was put in quarantine, Long Island was actually used, but his preference was to use Moyenne as the quarantine station. Barrier reefs, over which the sea breaks heavily, extend north, east, and south of the island, making it a pseudo-atoll. Within the barrier reefs, the"
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"a potentially fatal insect and showed all the symptoms following the bite, everyone tried to find a cure, only to get bitten themselves (although the insect was later found to be harmless). Upon hearing this, Ginger and Mary Ann burst into tears, and the Skipper attempts to cheer them up by having them envision everyone getting off the island. This temporarily works, until Mary Ann says, ""Except for Gilligan"", before Ginger and she start crying again. Gilligan is occasionally the exception to the rescue ruination, though. In the episode involving both the finding of the S.S. ""Minnow's"" life raft and"
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"describes a series of men and their fatal encounters with coconuts. Falling coconut injuries were featured in the American television series ""Gilligan's Island"". A June 1965 episode revolved around an injury sustained by Gilligan after a falling coconut hit him in the nose. Actor Bob Denver explained the success of the series as follows: ""Little kids seem to love it. It doesn't take a great intellect or reasoning power to be able to laugh at a monkey running off with Gilligan's dinner or a guy getting conked on the head by a coconut."" When Denver died, the show's creator Sherwood"
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"repairing of it, along with the discovery of gold on the island, the Professor warned the castaways to not bring gold on the raft due to weight concerns, but every castaway brought a personal item on with them to smuggle gold, with an alternate excuse as to why (including the Professor and the Skipper), causing the raft to sink in the lagoon and for them to lose both the raft and gold. However, after they all confess to bringing a bag of gold on the raft, they all turn and look at Gilligan, who realizes he was the only one"
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"unhelpful, but his parrot remembers the conversation between the sailors who originally discovered Big Whoop and guides Guybrush to the treasure's burial site in exchange for crackers. Guybrush excavates the site with dynamite and lowers himself into the hole on a rope. Elaine Marley, in her home on Booty Island, hears the explosion and correctly deduces that someone is attempting to dig up Big Whoop. At this point, back to the scene from the overture, of Elaine and Guybrush talking, Elaine agrees to help Guybrush if it will shut him up, remarking ""That was the longest story I've ever heard!""."
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"a major restoration, the new owner plans to use it for charters and sight seeing tours. It is equipped with an old life preserver with ""S. S. ""Minnow"""" on it, as well as other show items. S. S. Minnow The S. S. ""Minnow"" is a fictional charter boat on the hit 1960s television sitcom ""Gilligan's Island"". The ship ran aground on the shore of ""an uncharted desert isle"" (in the south Pacific Ocean), setting the stage for this popular situation comedy. The crew of two were the skipper Jonas Grumby and his first mate Gilligan, and the five passengers were"
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"brainwave and has been the crew's saviour (admittedly sometimes more by luck than by design). ""Just you wait till we get back to Wigan – we won't half have a 'tail' to tell!"" It might be argued that without Tom, Pugwash would have been sunk long ago. He is the most intelligent and resourceful member of the crew, the only one who can cook and the only one who can actually sail a ship. Although Pugwash would never admit it, Tom's ability to think up schemes is probably the only thing that prevents him from being a total failure as"
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"salvaged, but she needs repairing, so camping on the island is impossible.""Captain"" John of the Swallows learns some valuable life lessons about following his instincts while commanding a ship, and has time to reflect on the accident while he fashions a new mast for Swallow. An alternative appears to replace camping on Wild Cat Island, as Roger and Titty find a beautiful hidden valley, ""Swallowdale"", up on the moors above the lake. The Swallows discover a secret cave in Swallowdale, a trout tarn, the ""knickerbockerbreaker"", and enjoy new adventures of lakeland life. They meet local woodcutters and farmers, see a"
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"mistakes. He occasionally saves the others when an escape plan goes awry. He performs virtually all manual labor on the island, mostly without complaint; the Skipper notes that Gilligan can ""run as fast as a rabbit [and] climb a tree like a monkey"". Gilligan often acts as the Howells' servant; duties include golf caddy, chauffeur for the castaways' pedal-powered car, and waiter at the ""Howell Private Country Club"". Gilligan also makes several discoveries, but they often have disastrous results, and he is usually faced with big decisions. Often, Thurston Howell III attempts to bribe him with money, or Ginger with"
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"to eating lichen, their own boots, and the remains of rotten carcasses abandoned by wolves. The party had become stranded on the wrong side of the Coppermine River after their boats had been destroyed in a storm; John Richardson had attempted to swim to safety and suffered severe hypothermia. A single member of the party had fashioned a small canoe from canvas and willow, and the survivors had been obliged to cross the river one at a time using the makeshift canoe. Halkett was an amateur inventor, and during his spare time whilst serving in the navy he worked on"
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"Alistair had a boat they rented rigged with TNT and detonated it. Sheridan was on board when it happen and was killed. However, there was no body to be found, causing Alistair to take the extreme action of cremating a dummy, in order to make everyone believe Sheridan was dead and stop looking for her. By this point Sheridan's body washed ashore of a nearby island and was resurrected via the prayers of the white witches Grace Bennett and Charity Standish. Sheridan was found by a fisherman named Brian, having only vague memories of a past life she shared with"
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"seduction or fake crying. Examples include whom to give the last orange on the island, or whom to give hot water from a hole in the ground (which the Professor later discovered to be an active volcano). On one occasion, Gilligan found seeds which gave people the ability to read minds, but when the seeds proved to have disastrous results, he gathered up the bush and all the seeds on the island and burned them. Despite frequently ruining plans to get off the island, his fellow castaways (the Skipper included) ultimately harbor affection for him. When Gilligan was bitten by"
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"navigating officer of the ""Endurance"", piloted their lifeboat with Crean effectively in charge as Hudson appeared to have suffered a breakdown. Upon reaching Elephant Island, Crean was one of the ""four fittest men"" detailed by Shackleton to find a safe camping-ground. Shackleton decided that, rather than waiting for a rescue ship that would probably never arrive, one of the lifeboats should be strengthened so that a crew could sail it to South Georgia and arrange a rescue. After the party was settled on a penguin rookery above the high-water mark, a group of men led by ship's carpenter Harry McNish"
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"Raynal had experience in building huts from his time in the goldfields and guided the crew in building a solid cabin with a stone chimney, furnished with stretchers, a dining table and writing desk. However it took some time to build as the only available tools were an axe, an adze, a hammer and a gimlet. The men named the cabin ""Epigwaitt"", an American Indian word meaning ""a dwelling by the water"" suggested by Musgrave. The men manufactured clothes from sealskin and hunted and fished for food. For entertainment Captain Musgrave started reading classes and Raynal manufactured a chess set,"
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"a motherly figure to Gilligan, such as psychoanalyzing him, adopting him, and praising him for his accomplishments when no one else did. She often plotted with her husband several times to steal/access/manipulate things from the other survivors. She once tried to get Gilligan and Mary Ann to wed, kept a gold mine secret from the rest of the group, divulged secrets about stolen jewelry from a parrot, schemed to convince a burnt out artist to leave the island and got through to an uncivilized jungle boy played by Kurt Russell. It was once quoted by Thurston Howell himself that their"
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"whale. Unable to stay aboard ""Napoleon Solo"" as it filled with water and was overwhelmed by breaking seas, Callahan escaped into a six-person Avon inflatable life raft, measuring about six feet across. He stood off in the raft, but managed to get back aboard several times to dive below and retrieve a piece of cushion, a sleeping bag, and an emergency kit containing, among other things, some food, navigation charts, a short spear gun, flares, torch, solar stills for producing drinking water and a copy of ""Sea Survival"", a survival manual written by Dougal Robertson, a fellow ocean survivor. Before"
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"with an iron hook on a rope, for what he called 'plunder'. Much of this was stored in the back yard of his mother's house. Dibnah and his friend Alan Heap built a canoe from old bicycle wheels (cut in half to make the ribs), slate laths and a canvas sheet from the back of a lorry. Much to the consternation of his mother, Dibnah sailed the boat along the nearby River Croal. He once astonished his teachers when, following the theft of the school keys, he cut new keys for each classroom door. At school Dibnah was placed in"
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"tells about her father going bankrupt, before the shipwreck, due to a dishonest business partner, but references her Aunt Martha and Uncle George multiple times, leading some to believe that she lived with them and that her parents may be deceased, another connection to ""The Wizard of Oz"". However, her parents seem to be alive in ""Rescue from Gilligan's Island"". In ""Two on a Raft"", the Honolulu-based AM radio news reader only states, ""the attractive brunette"" is ""employed at the Winfield General Store"". <br> Mary Ann Summers Mary Ann Summers is a fictional character in the television sitcom ""Gilligan's Island"""
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"abilities, to operate and maintain the airboats. They had little prior employment opportunities living within the Everglades, other than beading, giving airboat rides and wrestling with alligators for the tourist trade. Few were given speaking parts and nearly all of them were denied entry into the Screen Actors Guild (SAG), the actors union. Because the show was on a tight budget (an episode was completed every two-and-a-half days), Chandler was given little training on airboats, so there were a few unintentional ""flybys"" and at least one crash, leaving the actor swinging from an overhanging tree. Hays, however, became an accomplished"
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"that he suspects the damage occurred from a collision with a whale. Unable to stay aboard Napoleon Solo as it filled with water and was overwhelmed by breaking seas, Callahan escaped into a six-person Avon inflatable life raft, measuring about six feet across. He stood off in the raft, but managed to get back aboard several times to dive below and retrieve a piece of cushion, a sleeping bag, and an emergency kit containing, among other things, some food, navigation charts, a short spear gun, flares, flashlight, solar stills for producing drinking water and a copy of Sea Survival, a"
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"with its seven passengers and crew, establishing the underlying premise of the franchise. The enduring popularity of the series has made him a cultural icon. Gilligan served in the United States Navy with Jonas Grumby (the Skipper) during an unspecified war and saved him from being struck and killed by a runaway depth charge. Upon retirement, Grumby, described as ""an old salt in these waters"", used his savings to buy the ""Minnow"", and as the ""Minnow""'s captain (or ""Skipper"" as he was nearly invariably addressed), Grumby hired his ""little buddy"", Gilligan, as first mate. Gilligan's past and family are fleetingly"
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Christmas Island, a territory of Australia, is located in what ocean?
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"Christmas Island Airport Christmas Island International Airport is an airport located on Christmas Island, a territory of Australia in the Indian Ocean. The island is located northwest of the Western Australian city of Perth, south of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, and east-northeast of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Although located on Australian territory, the airport is classified as a Category 2 international airport for all arrivals, including those from Australia. It is owned by the Commonwealth through the Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development and is operated under contract by Toll Remote Logistics. From the late 1940s, when the island was"
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"Christmas Island (Tasmania) The Christmas Island, part of the New Year Group, is a granite island located in the Great Australian Bight, lying off the north-west coast of Tasmania, Australia. According to the International Hydrographic Organization, the line separating Bass Strait from the Great Australian Bight runs through King Island, so Christmas Island lies in the Great Australian Bight. The island forms part of the King Island Important Bird Area because of its importance for breeding seabirds and waders. Breeding seabird and shorebird species include little penguin, short-tailed shearwater, Pacific gull, silver gull, sooty oystercatcher, pied oystercatcher and black-faced cormorant."
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"The karst terrain supports numerous anchialine caves. The summit of this mountain peak is formed by a succession of tertiary limestones ranging from the Eocene or Oligocene up to recent reef deposits, with intercalations of volcanic rock in the older beds. Steep cliffs along much of the coast rise abruptly to a central plateau. Elevation ranges from sea level to at Murray Hill. The island is mainly tropical rainforest, 63% of which is national park land. The narrow fringing reef surrounding the island poses a maritime hazard. Christmas Island lies northwest of Perth, Western Australia, south of Indonesia, ENE of"
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"Kiritimati Kiritimati, or Christmas Island, is a Pacific Ocean raised coral atoll in the northern Line Islands. It is part of the Republic of Kiribati. The name ""Kiritimati"" is a respelling of the English word ""Christmas"" in the Kiribati language, in which the combination ""ti"" is pronounced ""s"", and the name is thus pronounced . The island has the greatest land area of any coral atoll in the world, about ; its lagoon is roughly the same size. The atoll is about in perimeter, while the lagoon shoreline extends for over . Kiritimati comprises over 70% of the total land"
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"Reptiles include tiger snakes and lizards. A species of mouse is present. Christmas Island (Tasmania) The Christmas Island, part of the New Year Group, is a granite island located in the Great Australian Bight, lying off the north-west coast of Tasmania, Australia. According to the International Hydrographic Organization, the line separating Bass Strait from the Great Australian Bight runs through King Island, so Christmas Island lies in the Great Australian Bight. The island forms part of the King Island Important Bird Area because of its importance for breeding seabirds and waders. Breeding seabird and shorebird species include little penguin, short-tailed"
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"as Christmas Island lies within a zone designated as Indonesia's responsibility for rescue according to an agreement made in 1990 between Australia and Indonesia. Indonesia had also accepted co-ordination of the rescue, and the closest suitable port was Merak in Indonesia. The Minister for Foreign Affairs, Alexander Downer explained to parliament that ""It is important that people understand that Australia has no obligation under International law to accept the rescued persons in to Australian territory."" Australian ambassador David Stuart said in the United Nations that ""the rescue by the MV Tampa occurred outside the search and rescue region designated as"
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"Western Australia were given concurrent authority to deal with cases on the island, and those courts became the main venue in which litigation was conducted. Since the court’s abolition, its functions have been replaced by the Supreme Court of Western Australia, which now has sole jurisdiction on the island. Europeans first discovered the island of Christmas Island on Christmas Day, 25 December 1643. Captain William Mynors gave the island its name because of the day it was found. The British Crown annexed the uninhabited island on 6 June 1888 following the discovery of phosphate on the island. The island was"
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"who was appointed on 5 October 2017 and is also the Administrator of Christmas Island. These two Territories comprise the Australian Indian Ocean Territories. The Australian Government provides Commonwealth-level government services through the Christmas Island Administration and the Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development. As per the Federal Government's Territories Law Reform Act 1992, which came into force on 1 July 1992, Western Australian laws are applied to the Cocos Islands, ""so far as they are capable of applying in the Territory.""; non-application or partial application of such laws is at the discretion of the federal government. The Act also"
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"Christmas Island Seamount Province The Christmas Island Seamount Province (also known as the Christmas Island Seamounts) is an unusual seamount (submarine volcano) formation named for Christmas Island, an Australian territory and wildlife reserve that is also part of the chain. The province consists of more than 50 seamounts, up to in height, within a area. Unlike most seamount groups, the Christmas Island seamount formation does not form a long hotspot-based chain of increasingly older volcanoes, instead being a scattered grouping of volcanoes within a large radius. The origins of the formation have long been enigmatic for scientists; the Christmas Island"
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"oceans surrounding Christmas Island. Snorkeling and swimming in the ocean are two other activities that are extremely popular. Walking trails are also very popular, for there are many beautiful trails surrounded by extravagant flora and fauna. 63% of the island is national park making it one of the main attractions to experience when visiting. Christmas Island was uninhabited until the late 19th century, allowing many species to evolve without human interference. Two-thirds of the island has been declared a National Park, which is managed by the Australian Department of Environment and Heritage through Parks Australia. Christmas Island has always been"
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"may be a relatively common process in shallow-basin areas. Christmas Island Seamount Province The Christmas Island Seamount Province (also known as the Christmas Island Seamounts) is an unusual seamount (submarine volcano) formation named for Christmas Island, an Australian territory and wildlife reserve that is also part of the chain. The province consists of more than 50 seamounts, up to in height, within a area. Unlike most seamount groups, the Christmas Island seamount formation does not form a long hotspot-based chain of increasingly older volcanoes, instead being a scattered grouping of volcanoes within a large radius. The origins of the formation"
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"the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and west of Darwin, Northern Territory. Its closest point to the Australian mainland is from the town of Exmouth, Western Australia. Christmas Island has 80 kilometres of shoreline but only small parts of the shoreline are easily accessible. The island's perimeter is embodied by sharp cliff faces, making many of the island's beaches difficult to get to. Some of the easily accessible beaches include Flying Fish Cove (main beach), Lily Beach, Ethel Beach, and Isabel Beach, while the more difficult beaches to access include Greta Beach, Dolly Beach, Winifred Beach, Merrial Beach, and West White Beach,"
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"Guinea (Western Papua and Papua New Guinea), New Britain, and Bougainville Island. It occurs in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, on Christmas Island. In Australia, it occurs in the Northern Territory near Darwin, and at the northern tip of Queensland and other parts of queensland like sunshine coast. In Oceania, it occurs on Palau, Guam, Fiji, Saipan, and the Hawaiian Islands. In the Americas, it occurs in the United States (California, Connecticut, Florida, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Arizona, Hawaii and Texas), western and southern Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Barbados and on the Cayman Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands. It has been found in the"
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"which all require a vehicle with four wheel drive and a difficult walk through dense rainforest. Christmas Island is located towards the southern edge of the equatorial region. Climate is tropical and temperatures vary little throughout the year. The highest temperature is usually around in March and April, while the lowest temperature is and occurs in August. There is a dry season from July to November with only occasional showers. The wet season is between November and May, and includes monsoons, with downpours of rain at random times of the day. Tropical cyclones also occur in the wet season, bringing"
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"very strong winds, rain and enormous seas. As of the 2016 Australian census, the population of Christmas Island is 1,843. 21.2% of the population had Chinese ancestry (up from 18.3% in 2001), 12.7% had generic Australian ancestry (11.7% in 2001), 12% had Malay ancestry (9.3% in 2001), 10% had English ancestry (8.9% in 2001), and 2.3% of the population was of Irish origin (the same share as in 2001). 48.1% of the population has undetermined ancestry , most of them are people born in Christmas Island and many are of Chinese and Malay origin. 38.5% of people were born in"
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"with trunks of more than 80 cm diameter and with a canopy 30–40 m high. Several species of birds and crabs endemic to the island occur on the site. Hosnies Spring Hosnies Spring formerly Hosnie’s Spring or Hosnies Springs) is a wetland on Christmas Island, an Australian external territory in the eastern Indian Ocean. It has been recognised as being of international importance by designation under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Hosnies Spring was known earlier but the unique ecosystem was noted in late 1980s. It was incorporated into the Christmas Island National Park in 1989, and listed on 11"
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"survey. Christmas Island was chosen as a base. It too was claimed by both Britain and the United States. Lying just north of the equator, it was a tropical island, largely covered in grass, scrub and coconut plantations. Temperatures are high, averaging during the day and at night, and humidity is very high, usually around 98 per cent. It lay from Tahiti, from Honolulu, from San Francisco and from Sydney. Its remoteness would dominate the logistic preparations for Operation Grapple. It had no indigenous population, but about 260 Gilbertese civilians lived on the island, in a village near Port London."
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"Hosnies Spring Hosnies Spring formerly Hosnie’s Spring or Hosnies Springs) is a wetland on Christmas Island, an Australian external territory in the eastern Indian Ocean. It has been recognised as being of international importance by designation under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Hosnies Spring was known earlier but the unique ecosystem was noted in late 1980s. It was incorporated into the Christmas Island National Park in 1989, and listed on 11 December 1990 as Ramsar site 512, one of two such sites on the island and the smallest in the world. In 2010 a proposal was made to increase the"
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"the late 1980s and early 1990s, boats carrying asylum seekers, mainly departing from Indonesia, began landing on the island. In 2001, Christmas Island was the site of the ""Tampa"" controversy, in which the Australian government stopped a Norwegian ship, MV ""Tampa"", from disembarking 438 rescued asylum-seekers. The ensuing standoff and the associated political reactions in Australia were a major issue in the 2001 Australian federal election. The Howard government operated the ""Pacific Solution"" from 2001 to 2007, excising Christmas Island from Australia's migration zone so that asylum seekers on the island could not apply for refugee status. Asylum seekers were"
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"Christmas Island Assembly and Christmas Island Services Corporation. The Australian Government provides Commonwealth-level government services through the Christmas Island Administration and the Department of Regional Australia, Regional Development and Local Government. As per the Federal Government's Territories Law Reform Act 1992, which came into force on 1 July 1992, Western Australian laws are applied to Christmas Island ""so far as they are capable of applying in the Territory.""; non-application or partial application of such laws is at the discretion of the federal government. The Act also gives Western Australian courts judicial power over Christmas Island. Christmas Island remains constitutionally distinct"
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"Christmas Island District High School Christmas Island District High School is a school located in Christmas Island, a territory of Australia. The school serves approximately 300 students from kindergarten through to Year 12. The school is operated by the Department of Education (Western Australia). Landcare recognised the school's efforts to clear a stretch of Greta Beach used as a nesting ground for the green turtle. The beach area is one of the dirtiest on the island as it traps debris brought in by currents. For these continuing efforts, the school was selected as a 2004 Western Australia Landcare Education Award"
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"Capricorn mark the northern and southern limits, respectively, with very few population in the subtropics, such as the Ryukyu Islands. Some evidence indicates the coconut crab once lived on the mainlands of Australia and Madagascar and on the island of Mauritius, but it no longer occurs in any of these places. As they cannot swim as adults, coconut crabs must have colonised the islands as planktonic larvae. Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean has the largest and densest population of coconut crabs in the world, although it is outnumbered there by more than 50 times by the Christmas Island red"
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"within the Christmas Island National Park, including permanent and perennial streams, permanent springs, the Hugh's Dale waterfall, and most of the surface water on the island. The site is set within tropical rainforest and adjoins the coast. The streams originate from groundwater seepages and flow into the ocean having, over time, worn gullies into the coastal cliffs. It was designated on 21 October 2002 as Ramsar Site 1225, and is the first Australian Ramsar site to contain both surface and subterranean karst features. Area of Ramsar site is about 57 ha. It was also listed on the Directory of Important"
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"the island, including at Flying Fish Cove and North West Point. Dicliptera maclearii Dicliptera maclearii is a species of plant in the family Acanthaceae which is endemic to Christmas Island, an Australian territory in the north-eastern Indian Ocean. Its specific epithet honours John Maclear, captain of the survey vessel HMS ""Flying Fish"", which visited Christmas Island in 1886. ""Dicliptera maclearii"" is an erect herb with small pink flowers growing to 1 m in height. Its leaves are lanceolate to ovate, acuminate or spine-tipped, 20–70 mm long and 5–30 mm wide. It closest relative is ""D. ciliata"". Found only on Christmas"
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"capacity"" of 1,094 people, but also the ""contingency capacity"" of 2,724. The Christmas Island Immigration Reception and Processing Centre closed on 30 September 2018. The island is about in greatest length and in breadth. The total land area is , with of coastline. The island is the flat summit of an underwater mountain more than high, which rises from about below the sea and only about above it. The mountain was originally a volcano, and some basalt is exposed in places such as The Dales and Dolly Beach, but most of the surface rock is limestone accumulated from coral growth."
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"outside the Christmas Island National Park. Asplenium listeri Asplenium listeri, commonly known as the Christmas Island spleenwort, is a species of fern in the Aspleniaceae family. It is endemic to Christmas Island, an Australian territory in the north-eastern Indian Ocean. Its specific epithet honours British zoologist and plant collector Joseph Jackson Lister, who visited the island on in 1887 and was the first to collect a specimen. The spleenwort is a small, terrestrial, lithophytic fern with shortly creeping rhizomes, and with fronds up to 90 mm long held in a crown. Found only on Christmas Island, the fern is known"
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"New Year Island (Tasmania) The New Year Island, part of the New Year Group, is a granite island and game reserve located in the Great Australian Bight, lying off the north-west coast of Tasmania, Australia. While much smaller in area than the adjacent King Island, the New Year Island lends its name to the island group due to its European discovery a few days earlier than the King Island. The island forms part of the King Island Important Bird Area because of its importance for breeding seabirds and waders. Other islands in the King Island Group include King, Christmas, Little"
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"known at the time as Christmas Island (not to be confused with Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean) between 1957 and 1958. These were airbursts mostly occurring over water or suspended a few hundred metres above the ground by balloon. In Australia there were three sites. Testing was carried out between 1952 and 1957 and was mostly done at the surface. A few hundred smaller scale tests were conducted at both Emu Field and Maralinga between 1953 and 1963. Two separate atomic test projects occurred at the islands, the first being Operation Hurricane and the second being Operation Mosaic The"
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"Finalist. On 5 March 2007, Michael Jeffery (then Governor-General of Australia) visited the school and addressed the school assembly. Christmas Island District High School Christmas Island District High School is a school located in Christmas Island, a territory of Australia. The school serves approximately 300 students from kindergarten through to Year 12. The school is operated by the Department of Education (Western Australia). Landcare recognised the school's efforts to clear a stretch of Greta Beach used as a nesting ground for the green turtle. The beach area is one of the dirtiest on the island as it traps debris brought"
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"the mid-Atlantic island on Boxing Day, a tradition believed to date back to the 18th century when slaves were permitted to gather at Christmas time. In the UK, Canada, Australia, Trinidad and Tobago and New Zealand, Boxing Day is primarily known as a shopping holiday, much like Black Friday (the day after Thanksgiving) in the United States. Boxing Day sales are common in Canada, Australia, Trinidad and Tobago and New Zealand. It is a time when shops hold sales, often with dramatic price reductions. For many merchants, Boxing Day has become the day of the year with the greatest revenue."
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"is deemed to form part of Australia proper. Cocos (Keeling) Islands voted for integration in 1984. Together with Christmas Island, Commonwealth laws apply automatically to the territory unless expressly stated otherwise and residents of both external territories are associated with Northern Territory for federal elections. They are, thus, constitutionally part of Australia. Uninhabited Heard and McDonald Island is treated as constitutionally part of Australia by the central government. The constitutional status of the Australian Antarctic Territory is unclear, with successive governments treating it either as a separate territory (as in the United Kingdom and Norway) or an integral part of"
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"development of the island in the next century. Its control initially came under the British Dominion (from 1888), then as the British Colony of Singapore (after World War II), and finally as a sovereign part of Australia from 1 October 1958. In the saddle-shaped Christmas Island, the Murray Hill rises to a height of . It is situated in the western central part of the island. The entire island including Murray Hill has been formed out of submarine mountain formations. It is conjectured to be an ancient atoll, with lime formation dominating the terrain, with phosphates of alumina and iron"
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"Women in Christmas Island The Women in Christmas Island or Christmas Island Women are the women living in Australia's external territory of Christmas Island. They are of Malay, Chinese, and Anglo ancestry. In March 2011, International Women's Day was celebrated on Christmas Island for the honor of its female residents. The event was held to convey the theme of ""what it means to be a woman living on Christmas Island"". The main local organization that promotes and supports the ""status and interests"" of Australia's female Christmas Islanders is the Christmas Island Women's Association, a group that was established in 1989."
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Yesterday saw the maiden flight of the new Boeing Dreamliner. What model number is it given?
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"Boeing 787 Dreamliner The Boeing 787 Dreamliner is an American long-haul, mid-size wide-body, twin-engine jet airliner made by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Its variants seat 242 to 335 passengers in typical three-class seating configurations. It is the first airliner with an airframe constructed primarily of composite materials. The 787 was designed to be 20% more fuel-efficient than the Boeing 767, which it was intended to replace. The 787 Dreamliner's distinguishing features include mostly electrical flight systems, raked wingtips, and noise-reducing chevrons on its engine nacelles. The aircraft's initial designation was the 7E7, prior to its renaming in January 2005. The first"
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"introduction of the -200ER, Boeing turned its attention to a stretched version of the airliner. On October 16, 1997, the 777-300 made its first flight. At in length, the -300 became the longest airliner yet produced (until the A340-600), and had a 20 percent greater overall capacity than the standard length model. The -300 was awarded type certification simultaneously from the FAA and JAA on May 4, 1998, and entered service with launch customer Cathay Pacific on May 27, 1998. The first generation of Boeing 777 models, the -200, -200ER, and -300 have since been known collectively known as Boeing"
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"the Boeing 737 Next Generation (NG). After Airbus launched the Airbus A320neo family in December 2010, achieving 1,029 orders by June 2011 and breaking Boeing's monopoly with American Airlines with an order for 130 A320neos that July, Boeing launched the 737 MAX program on August 30, 2011. The first flight was on January 29, 2016. It gained FAA certification on March 8, 2017. The first delivery was a MAX -8 on May 6, 2017 to Malindo Air, which put it into service on May 22, 2017. The 737 MAX is based on earlier 737 designs. The MAX is re-engined with"
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"2018. The first flight took place on January 29, 2016, nearly 49 years after the maiden flight of the 737, a 737-100, on April 9, 1967. The first Max 8, 1A001, was used for aerodynamic trials: flutter testing, stability and control, and takeoff performance-data verification, before it was modified for an operator and delivered. 1A002 was used for performance and engine testing: climb and landing performance, crosswind, noise, cold weather, high altitude, fuel burn and water-ingestion. Aircraft systems including autoland were tested with 1A003. 1A004, with an airliner layout, flew function-and-reliability certification for 300h with a light flight-test instrumentation. The"
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"The 787 Dreamliner is Royal Jordanian's first Boeing aircraft since the 707s and 747s, and replaced the Airbus A340-200s which had reached the end of their lives. The Dreamliners have replaced the Airbus A330-200s as leases on those aircraft have expired. The Dreamliners are generally used on Royal Jordanian's Far East destinations, to London and North America. In May 2017, Royal Jordanian announced the appointment of Stefan Pichler, the ex CEO of Airberlin Group, Fiji Airwys, Jazeera Airways, Virgin Australia and Thomas Group Group as the new President and CEO. Pichler developed a turnaround plan which helped moving Royal Jordanian"
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"with registration number V8-DLA, was delivered on 4 October 2013. All of its Boeing 787 aircraft are powered by the Rolls Royce Trent 1000 engines. On 18 October 2013, the Bandar Seri Begawan - Singapore service was used as the 787's inaugural flight. Flights to London Heathrow via Dubai using the 787s started on 2 December 2013. On 6 November 2013, Royal Brunei Airlines outlined plans to offer a ""100% Dreamliner service"" on all of its long haul routes. The airline at that time considered Southern India for its next airline expansion. RB, which operated four Airbus A320s and two"
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"has been in a total of 246 major aviation occurrences and, 172 hull-loss occurrences with 3,022 fatalities. Boeing 707 The Boeing 707 is a mid-sized, long-range, narrow-body, four-engine jet airliner built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes from 1958 to 1979. Its name is commonly pronounced as ""seven oh seven"". Versions of the aircraft have a capacity from 140 to 219 passengers and a range of . Developed as Boeing's first jet airliner, the 707 is a swept-wing design with podded engines. Although it was not the first jetliner in service, the 707 was the first to be commercially successful. Dominating passenger"
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"erroneous cockpit readings. Boeing 737 MAX The Boeing 737 MAX is an American narrow-body aircraft series designed and produced by Boeing Commercial Airplanes as the fourth generation of the Boeing 737, succeeding the Boeing 737 Next Generation (NG). The new generation of the Boeing 737 was launched on August 30, 2011. The first flight was on January 29, 2016. The new series gained FAA certification on March 8, 2017. The first delivery was a MAX 8 on May 6, 2017 to Malindo Air, which placed the aircraft into service on May 22, 2017. The 737 MAX is based on earlier"
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"its first Boeing 787 on 21 September, the first ever Dreamliner to be delivered in the world. ANA flew its first Boeing 787 passenger flight on 26 October 2011, which operated as a charter flight from Tokyo Narita to Hong Kong. ANA also became the second airline to receive the Boeing 787-9–on 28 July 2014. Despite being second, the airline preceded launch customer Air New Zealand for the first commercial flight on the 787-9, a special sightseeing charter for Japanese and American school children on 4 August. On 31 July 2014, ANA firmed up an order for 7 Airbus A320neos,"
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"Boeing 737 MAX The Boeing 737 MAX is an American narrow-body aircraft series designed and produced by Boeing Commercial Airplanes as the fourth generation of the Boeing 737, succeeding the Boeing 737 Next Generation (NG). The new generation of the Boeing 737 was launched on August 30, 2011. The first flight was on January 29, 2016. The new series gained FAA certification on March 8, 2017. The first delivery was a MAX 8 on May 6, 2017 to Malindo Air, which placed the aircraft into service on May 22, 2017. The 737 MAX is based on earlier 737 designs. The"
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"Teague, the Boeing 787 Dreamliner set new world records for distance and speed during an endurance flight around the world in 2011, the year of the 787's first delivery. Dubbed ""The New Plane for the New World,"" the 787 is considered the most successful commercial airplane launch in aviation history. In 2006, Teague and Boeing celebrated the 60th year anniversary of collaborative aviation design. Teague's architectural innovation for jetliner interiors includes projects for global airlines, such as Singapore and Emirates airlines. In 2008, Teague earned the international Red Dot Design award for Emirates Airline First-Class Cabin and Entry-Way, designed in"
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"August 8, 2006 for its launch customer, Lion Air, an Indonesian low-cost airline. The airline received this aircraft on April 27, 2007 in a special dual paint scheme combining the Lion Air's logo on the vertical stabilizer and the Boeing's livery colors on the fuselage. Lion Air has orders for 103 Boeing 737-900ERs as of September 2017. As of July 2018, 52 -900s, 465 -900ERs, and seven -900 BBJ3s have been delivered with 40 unfilled orders. With a smaller operator base, the -900ER is not as liquid as other variants: in October 2018, A 10 years old -900ER was worth"
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"was marketing the forthcoming DC-7. Boeing decided the only way to overcome the airlines' suspicion of the jet – and of itself – was to show them a completed aircraft. As the first of a new generation of passenger jets, Boeing wanted the aircraft's model number to emphasize the difference from its previous propeller-driven aircraft which bore 300-series numbers. The 400-, 500- and 600-series were already used by missiles and other products, so Boeing decided that the jets would bear 700-series numbers, and the first would be the 707. Boeing had studied developments of its existing Model 367 (the KC-97"
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"Boeing 737 Next Generation The Boeing 737 Next Generation, commonly abbreviated as 737NG, or 737 NextGen, is the name given to the −600/-700/-800/-900 series of the Boeing 737 airliner. It is the third generation derivative of the 737, and follows the 737 Classic (−300/-400/-500) series, which began production in the 1980s. They are short- to medium-range, narrow-body jet airliners powered by two engines. Produced since 1996 by Boeing Commercial Airplanes, the 737NG series includes four variants and can seat between 110 and 210 passengers. Formally launched in 1993, the 737NG is an upgrade of the preceding 737 Classic models featuring"
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"the 747-400. The most modern airliners are characterized by increased use of composite materials, turbofan engines with higher degree of bypass and total compression ratio, and more advanced digital avionics. Examples of the latest widebody airliners are the Airbus A380 (first flight in 2005), Boeing 787 (first flight in 2009) and Airbus A350 (first flight in 2013). These improvements allowed longer ranges and lower cost of transportation per passenger. Sukhoi Superjet 100 and Airbus A220 (formerly Bombardier CSeries) are examples of narrowbodies with similar level of technological advancements. Jet airliner A jet airliner (or jetliner, in its portmanteau form) is"
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"will be delivered from 2018. The airline took delivery of its first Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner (sourced from the ILFC order book) in early August 2013 and officially launched commercial service on 1 October 2013. Between 2013 and 2015, the remaining eight were delivered (seven leased and two owned by Aeroméxico outright). In September 2016, Aeroméxico received its first Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner. This particular frame, registered XA-ADL, is named after and painted in a unique commemorating Quetzalcoatl, a major figure in Aztec culture of pre-Hispanic Mexico, as the result of a ""Design in the Air"" competition hosted by the airline inviting"
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"6 May 2005. It has since been surpassed by Emirates, which as of November 2017 has 159 examples in its fleet. The airline's new Boeing 777-300ERs entered commercial service on 5 December 2006. On 9 July 2013, Singapore Airlines, in collaboration with two design firms, James Park Associates and DesignworksUSA, unveiled the next generation of cabin products for First, Business, and Economy class, that entered service in newly delivered Boeing 777-300ERs. The product was later extended to all Boeing 777-300ERs. Singapore Airlines also introduced its new Premium Economy product on 9 August 2015 on the Boeing 777-300ER. Singapore Airlines placed"
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"Dreamliner model. On Saturday, 1 November 2008, members of the union ratified the contract, ending the eight-week strike. The new contract was approved by 74 percent of those voting in favor. This was the longest strike against Boeing by this union since 1995, and the fourth in twenty years. The strike cost the union members an average of $7000.00 in base pay and cost the company $100 million per day in revenue and penalties with a postponement of the delivery of aircraft. Boeing has a $350 billion backlog. Boeing machinists strike of 2008 A strike by about 27,000 machinists at"
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"Boeing 707 The Boeing 707 is a mid-sized, long-range, narrow-body, four-engine jet airliner built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes from 1958 to 1979. Its name is commonly pronounced as ""seven oh seven"". Versions of the aircraft have a capacity from 140 to 219 passengers and a range of . Developed as Boeing's first jet airliner, the 707 is a swept-wing design with podded engines. Although it was not the first jetliner in service, the 707 was the first to be commercially successful. Dominating passenger air transport in the 1960s and remaining common through the 1970s, the 707 is generally credited with"
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"with modern avionics, and passenger cabin improvements similar to those on the Boeing 777, including more curved surfaces and larger overhead bins than previous-generation 737s. The Next Generation 737 interior was also adopted on the Boeing 757-300. The first NG to roll out was a -700, on December 8, 1996. This aircraft, the 2,843rd 737 built, first flew on February 9, 1997. The prototype -800 rolled out on June 30, 1997, and first flew on July 31, 1997. The smallest of the new variants, the -600s, is the same size as the -500. It was the last in this series"
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"777-200LR, 777-300ER, 777F and 777-200ER equipped with GE engines, and with Rolls-Royce and Pratt & Whitney engines expected to follow. The first ETOPS-330 flight took place on December 1, 2015 with Air New Zealand connecting Auckland to Buenos Aires on a Boeing 777-200ER. On May 28, 2014, the Boeing 787 Dreamliner received its ETOPS-330 certificate from the FAA. The first time that ETOPS-330 approval was given to a four-engined aircraft was in February 2015, to the Boeing 747-8 Intercontinental. In October 2014 EASA certified the Airbus A350XWB to ETOPS-370. The following ratings are awarded under current regulations according to the"
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"was a Boeing 737-300 with manufacturer serial number 28556, registered as 9V-TRF and was powered by two CFM56-3B2 engines. Having completed its maiden flight in January 1997, the aircraft was delivered to SilkAir in February 1997, 10 months before the crash. At the time of the accident, it was the newest aircraft in SilkAir's fleet and had accumulated 2,238 flight hours in 1,306 cycles. Carrying 97 passengers and a crew of seven, the Boeing 737 departed Jakarta's Soekarno-Hatta International Airport's runway 25R at 15:37 local time (08:37 UTC) for a planned 80-minute flight to Singapore Changi Airport, with captain ,"
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"Singapore Airlines, Japan Airlines, and British Airways with 36 . , 339 747-400s remain in service. The 747-400 Dreamlifter (originally called the 747 Large Cargo Freighter or LCF) is a Boeing-designed modification of existing 747-400s to a larger configuration to ferry 787 Dreamliner sub-assemblies. Evergreen Aviation Technologies Corporation of Taiwan was contracted to complete modifications of 747-400s into Dreamlifters in Taoyuan. The aircraft flew for the first time on September 9, 2006 in a test flight. Modification of four aircraft was completed by February 2010. The Dreamlifters have been placed into service transporting sub-assemblies for the 787 program to the"
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"while 1D002 was used for environment control system testing. It was certified by February 2018. Asian low-cost carrier Lion Air Group took delivery of the first on March 21, 2018 before entering service with Thai Lion Air. As the competing A321neo attracts more orders, the value of B737-9 is the same as a 2018 B737-8 at $53 million. To compete with the Airbus A321neo, loyal customers such as Korean Air and United Airlines pressed Boeing to develop a larger variant than the MAX 9 which Boeing revealed studies of in early 2016. As the A321neo had outsold the MAX 9"
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"fuselage than the MAX 8. Boeing plans to improve its range from to after 2021. Lion Air is the launch customer with an order for 201 in February 2012. It made its roll-out on March 7 and first flight on April 13, 2017; it took off from Renton Municipal Airport and landed at Boeing Field after a 2 hr 42 min flight. It was presented at the 2017 Paris Air Show. Boeing 737-9 flight tests were scheduled to run through 2017, with 30% of the -8 tests repeated; aircraft 1D001 was used for autoland, avionics, flutter, and mostly stability-and-control trials,"
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"with 287 passengers. The -900 made its first flight on 19 October 2017, received its EASA type certificate on 26 September 2018, and was first delivered to TAP Air Portugal on 26 November. At the Boeing 787 launch in 2004, Airbus' response was at first an improved A330, but after negative feedback from airlines and lessors, the A350 XWB became a new design in 2006. After the A320neo launch in December 2010 and its commercial success, Air Asia's boss Tony Fernandes said he would like Airbus to re-engine the A330. New engines like the GEnx or Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 developed"
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"These are the 767 variants currently in production: The Boeing 777 is a large-size, long-range wide-body twin-engine jet airliner. The 777-300ER, the current passenger variant in production, is capable of carrying 386 passengers in a typical 3-class configuration, has a range of and a cruising speed Mach 0.84 (554 mph, 892 km/h, 482 kn). Production of this plane began in 1993. These are the 777 variants currently in production: The Boeing 787 Dreamliner is a mid-size, long-range wide-body twin-engine jet airliner. The current passenger variants in production, are capable of carrying 242–290 passengers in a typical 2-class configuration, have a"
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"Air signed a preliminary agreement with Boeing for the purchase of up to 60 Boeing 737 Next Generation aircraft, valued at $3.9 billion at list prices. Lion Air confirmed their order in July 2005 and became the launch customer for the Boeing 737-900ER with firm orders for 30 aircraft and options for 30 more, which were later converted into firm orders. The -900ER can carry up to 215 passengers in a single-class layout, and is powered by CFM56-7B turbofan engines. On 27 April 2007, Boeing delivered the first 737-900ER to Lion Air. The aircraft was delivered in a special dual-paint"
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"system adds a preceding manufacturer letter for ""B772"" or ""B773"". Designations may append a range identifier like ""B77W"" for the 777-300ER by the ICAO, ""77W"" for the IATA. Other notations include ""773ER"" and ""773B"" for the -300ER. The initial 777-200 made its maiden flight on June 12, 1994 and was first delivered to United Airlines on May 15, 1995. With a 545,000 lb (247,200 kg) MTOW and engines, it has a range of with 305 passengers in three-class. The -200 was aimed at U.S. domestic airlines. Nine different -200 customers have taken delivery of 88 aircraft, with 55 in airline"
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"service was planned for 2016 or 2017, with the new models probably being designated 737-7/-8/-9, being based on the 737-700/-800/-900ER respectively. On August 30, 2011, Boeing confirmed the launch of the 737 new engine variant, called the 737 MAX. Its new CFM International LEAP-1B engines are expected to provide a 16% lower fuel burn than the current Airbus A320. Boeing delivered the first 737 MAX 8 to Malindo Air on May 16, 2017. The 737 MAX competes with the Airbus A320neo family. The 737-600 was launched by SAS in March 1995 with the first aircraft delivered in September 1998. A"
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"Boeing 737 The Boeing 737 is a short- to medium-range twinjet narrow-body airliner developed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes in the United States. Originally developed as a shorter, lower-cost twin-engine airliner derived from the 707 and 727, the 737 has developed into a family of thirteen passenger models with capacities from 85 to 215 passengers. The 737 is Boeing's only narrow-body airliner in production, with the 737 Next Generation (-700, -800, and -900ER) and the re-engined and updated 737 MAX variants currently being built. The 737 was originally envisioned in 1964. The initial 737-100 made its first flight in"
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"formally launched in 2011, in partnership with American Airlines and the FAA. , the ecoDemonstrator program has used three aircraft as testbeds. The first, a 737-800 owned by American Airlines, was used in 2012 to test over 15 technologies. The second aircraft, a company-owned 787-8 Dreamliner, was used to test over 25 technologies. In 2015, a 757 was used to test over 15 technologies, in cooperation with NASA and the TUI Group. Using a Next Generation 737-800, Boeing demonstrated laminar flow technology for winglets, improving fuel efficiency by 1.8 percent. The aircraft tested other technologies, including: Boeing began testing in"
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"scheme that combines Lion Air's logo on its vertical stabilizer and the Boeing ""Dreamliner"" livery on the fuselage. Lion Air set a world record when it placed an order for 230 aircraft from Boeing, making this the largest order in terms of aircraft ordered as well the cost of the order. In November 2011, Lion Air and Boeing announced that the airline planned to buy 29 additional Boeing 737 Next Generation and 201 Boeing 737 MAX aircraft, with options for 150 more, valued at $21.7 billion at the time. A firm order was signed on 14 February 2012, with the"
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Arch enemy of Count Dracula, what is the name of the vampire hunter in Bram Stokers 1897 novel Dracula?
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"Dracula Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker. It introduced the character of Count Dracula, and established many conventions of subsequent vampire fantasy. The novel tells the story of Dracula's attempt to move from Transylvania to England so that he may find new blood and spread the undead curse, and of the battle between Dracula and a small group of men and a woman led by Professor Abraham Van Helsing. ""Dracula"" has been assigned to many literary genres including vampire literature, horror fiction, the gothic novel, and invasion literature. The novel has spawned numerous theatrical,"
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"Count Dracula Count Dracula () is the title character of Bram Stoker's 1897 gothic horror novel ""Dracula"". He is considered to be both the prototypical and the archetypal vampire in subsequent works of fiction. He is also depicted in the novel to be the origin of werewolf legends. Some aspects of the character are believed to have been inspired by the 15th-century Wallachian Prince Vlad the Impaler, who was also known as Dracula. Other character aspects have been added or altered in subsequent popular fictional works. The character has subsequently appeared frequently in popular culture, from films to animated media"
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"Castle Dracula Castle Dracula is the fictitious Transylvanian residence of Count Dracula, the vampire antagonist in Bram Stoker's 1897 horror novel ""Dracula"". In Stoker's narrative, Castle Dracula is the single most important location. The first and the last part of the plot take place here. The inaccessible stronghold, which initially symbolises the vampire's power, finally becomes the scene of his extermination. In the novel's first chapters, the young English solicitor Jonathan Harker, traveling from London via Paris, Munich, Vienna, Budapest, Klausenburg and Bistritz, arrives at the Castle after being picked up in the Borgo Pass by a mysterious driver, whom"
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"expression is crossed out, however, and replaced by ""Hungarian yoke"" (as appearing in the printed version), which matches the historical perspective of the Wallachians. This has been interpreted by some to mean that Stoker opted for the Wallachian, not the Szekler interpretation, thus lending more consistency to the Romanian identity of his Count: although not identical with Vlad III, the Vampire is portrayed as one of the ""Dracula race"". Count Dracula Count Dracula () is the title character of Bram Stoker's 1897 gothic horror novel ""Dracula"". He is considered to be both the prototypical and the archetypal vampire in subsequent"
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"Jonathan Harker Jonathan Harker is a fictional character and one of the main protagonists of Bram Stoker's 1897 Gothic horror novel ""Dracula"". His journey to Transylvania and encounter with the vampire Count Dracula and his Brides at Castle Dracula constitutes the dramatic opening scenes in the novel and most of the film adaptations. Stoker appropriated the surname from his friend Joseph Cunningham Harker (1855-1920), a set designer at the Lyceum Theatre and father of actor William Gordon Harker (1885-1967) as well as great-grandfather of actress Polly Adams, whose actress-daughters Susannah Harker and Caroline Harker adopted the Harker surname for their"
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"over the years, and many films have used the character as a villain, while others have named him in their titles, including ""Dracula's Daughter"" and ""The Brides of Dracula"". As of 2009, an estimated 217 films feature Dracula in a major role, a number second only to Sherlock Holmes (223 films). A large number of these appearances are not adaptations of Stoker's novel, but merely feature the character in an unrelated story. Dracula Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker. It introduced the character of Count Dracula, and established many conventions of subsequent vampire fantasy."
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"Abraham Van Helsing Professor Abraham Van Helsing is a fictional character from the 1897 gothic horror novel ""Dracula"". Van Helsing is an aged polymath Dutch doctor with a wide range of interests and accomplishments, partly attested by the string of letters that follows his name: ""MD, D.Ph., D.Litt., etc, etc,"" indicating a wealth of experience, education and expertise. The character is best known throughout many adaptations of the story as a vampire hunter and the archenemy of Count Dracula. In the novel, Professor Van Helsing is called in by his former student, Dr. John Seward, to assist with the mysterious"
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"""Dracula"" (1897) has been the definitive description of the vampire in popular fiction for the last century. Its portrayal of vampirism as a disease (contagious demonic possession), with its undertones of sex, blood, and death, struck a chord in a Victorian Britain where tuberculosis and syphilis were common. The character of Count Dracula is based upon Vlad Dracula III (Vlad the Impaler), also known as Vlad Ţepeş', a notorious 15th-century Wallachian (Romanian) warlord, or Voivode. Unlike the historical personage, however, Stoker located his Count Dracula in a castle near the Borgo Pass in Transylvania, and ascribed to that area the"
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"numerous movies like ""Blood of Dracula's Castle"" (1969) (with John Carradine as the butler and Alexander D'Arcy as Count Dracula) and other Dracula-based films. There are video games called ""Dracula's Castle"" (Game Pac Adventure), ""Escape Dracula's Castle"" (Fun Flash Games),""Restore Dracula's Castle"" and ""Devil's Castle Dracula"" (""Akumajō Dracula""); the latter is best known to the west as ""Castlevania"". A prosecco produced by a descendant of the Bassarab dynasty bears the name Castle of Dracula. Castle Dracula Castle Dracula is the fictitious Transylvanian residence of Count Dracula, the vampire antagonist in Bram Stoker's 1897 horror novel ""Dracula"". In Stoker's narrative, Castle"
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"Hyde and shock upon the discovery of Jekyll's dual personality. In Bram Stoker's ""Dracula"" (1897), Jonathan Harker travels to Count Dracula's castle. Dracula inquires about buying a house in England, but soon Jonathan finds himself Dracula's prisoner. Harker escapes, but Dracula, recognized as a vampire, soon ventures away from his castle and begins to torment others close to Jonathan. Dracula is endowed with the power to turn into a bat, command wolves, and have incredible strength among other traits. However, Dracula and other vampires in the novel are weakened during the day and are repulsed by garlic and the crucifix."
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"St. Gallen Switzerland and Graz Austria productions, Jonathan was played by the Swedish musical theater actor, Jesper Tydén. Jonathan Harker Jonathan Harker is a fictional character and one of the main protagonists of Bram Stoker's 1897 Gothic horror novel ""Dracula"". His journey to Transylvania and encounter with the vampire Count Dracula and his Brides at Castle Dracula constitutes the dramatic opening scenes in the novel and most of the film adaptations. Stoker appropriated the surname from his friend Joseph Cunningham Harker (1855-1920), a set designer at the Lyceum Theatre and father of actor William Gordon Harker (1885-1967) as well as"
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"Dracula in popular culture The character of Count Dracula from the 1897 novel ""Dracula"" by Bram Stoker, has remained popular over the years, and many films have used the Count as a villain, while others have named him in their titles, such as ""Dracula's Daughter"", ""The Brides of Dracula"", and ""Dracula's Dog"". ""Dracula"" has enjoyed enormous popularity since its publication and has spawned an extraordinary vampire subculture in the second half of the 20th century. More than 200 films have been made that feature Count Dracula, a number second only to Sherlock Holmes. At the center of this subculture is"
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"Bram Stoker's 1897 novel ""Dracula"". The expression ""Dracula"", which is now primarily known as the name of a fictional vampire, was for centuries known as the sobriquet of VladIII. Diplomatic reports and popular stories referred to him as ""Dracula"", ""Dracuglia"", or ""Drakula"" already in the 15thcentury. He himself signed his two letters as ""Dragulya"" or ""Drakulya"" in the late 1470s. His name had its origin in the Romanian sobriquet of his father, Vlad Dracul (""Vlad the Dragon""), who received it after he became a member of the Order of the Dragon. Dracula is the Slavonic genitive form of Dracul, meaning"
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"Harker, a newly qualified English solicitor, visiting Count Dracula at his castle in the Carpathian Mountains on the border of Transylvania, Bukovina, and Moldavia, to provide legal support for a real estate transaction overseen by Harker's employer, Mr Peter Hawkins of Exeter. At first enticed by Dracula's gracious manners, Harker soon realizes that he is Dracula's prisoner. Wandering the Count's castle against Dracula's admonition, Harker encounters three female vampires, called ""the sisters"", from whom he is rescued by Dracula. Harker soon realizes that Dracula himself is also a vampire. After the preparations are made, Dracula leaves Transylvania and abandons Harker"
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"Alucard (Hellsing) As revealed in volume 8 of the manga, he is Count Dracula (""Alucard"" is ""Dracula"" spelled backwards). Soon after the events presented in Bram Stoker's original novel, Dracula was defeated by Abraham Van Helsing and became the family's loyal servant. Decades later, Abraham's descendant Arthur Hellsing gives the Count his current name: ""Alucard"". The manga is set over a hundred years later, where the Hellsing Organization is forced to fight the remnants of a Nazi battalion. He typically dresses in a distinctive Victorian and western fashion, with a charcoal suit, leather riding boots, a red cravat, and a"
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"the chapel's stone cross with his sword and drinks the blood that pours out of it. In 1897, newly qualified solicitor Jonathan Harker takes the Transylvanian Count Dracula as a client from his colleague Renfield, who has gone insane. Jonathan travels to Transylvania to arrange Dracula's real estate acquisitions in London, including Carfax Abbey. Jonathan meets Dracula, who discovers a picture of Harker's fiancée, Mina and believes that she is the reincarnation of Elisabeta. Dracula leaves Jonathan to be attacked and fed upon by his brides, while he sails to England with boxes of his native Transylvanian soil, taking up"
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"recorded in the 1897 novel by Bram Stoker, ""Dracula"". When the humans destroyed Dracula, his remains were placed in his coffin, concealed within a cave blocked by an enormous boulder. Frankenstein's Monster was later tricked into unsealing the cave and opening the coffin, thus freeing Dracula. In later years he also came in conflict with Cagliostro and Solomon Kane. Just before World War I, he was responsible for transforming Lord John Falsworth into Baron Blood. In the later half of the 20th century, Dracula was once more returned from death by Clifton Graves, and subsequently came into conflict with Quincy"
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"vampire hunters of the Belmont clan and the immortal vampire Dracula. ""Circle of the Moon""s protagonist, however, is Nathan Graves, whose parents died a decade ago to banish Dracula. Morris Baldwin, who helped in Dracula's banishment, trained him to defeat Dracula and the monsters; Morris ultimately chose him as his successor and gave him the ""Hunter Whip"", to the displeasure of Hugh, Morris' son who trained alongside him. At an old castle, Camilla, a minion of Dracula, revives him, only to be interrupted by the arrival of Morris, Nathan, and Hugh. Before they are able to banish him again, Dracula"
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"vampire novel Dracula by Irish author Bram Stoker. Despite the popular image of Count Dracula having a stake driven through his heart at the conclusion of the story, Dracula is actually killed by his heart being pierced by Quincey Morris's Bowie knife and his throat being sliced by Jonathan Harker's kukri knife. Bowie knives appeared in the classic works of Americans Harriet Beecher Stowe and Mark Twain, Englishman Charles Dickens, and Frenchman Jules Verne. The Bowie knife has also appeared in television and cinema such as the largely fictional 1952 Alan Ladd film loosely based on the life of James"
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"the current reincarnation of his true love (an earlier being named Mina Harker). Dracula is ineptly pursued in turn by Sondheim's psychiatrist and quasi-boyfriend Jeffrey Rosenberg. Jeffrey is the grandson of Dracula's old nemesis Fritz ([]) van Helsing but changed his name to Rosenberg ""for professional reasons"". Rosenberg's numerous methods to combat Dracula – mirrors, garlic, a Star of David (which he uses instead of the cross), and hypnosis – are easily averted by the Count. Rosenberg also tries burning Dracula's coffin with the vampire still inside, but is arrested by hotel security. Subsequently he tries to shoot him with"
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"popular and mass culture. There are several locations associated with Dracula and Bram Stoker related tourism in Ireland, Britain, and Romania. Dracula in popular culture The character of Count Dracula from the 1897 novel ""Dracula"" by Bram Stoker, has remained popular over the years, and many films have used the Count as a villain, while others have named him in their titles, such as ""Dracula's Daughter"", ""The Brides of Dracula"", and ""Dracula's Dog"". ""Dracula"" has enjoyed enormous popularity since its publication and has spawned an extraordinary vampire subculture in the second half of the 20th century. More than 200 films"
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"greatest anime character of all time, saying that ""There have been many vampires in anime, but none have been as deliciously sadistic as Alucard."" Alucard (Hellsing) As revealed in volume 8 of the manga, he is Count Dracula (""Alucard"" is ""Dracula"" spelled backwards). Soon after the events presented in Bram Stoker's original novel, Dracula was defeated by Abraham Van Helsing and became the family's loyal servant. Decades later, Abraham's descendant Arthur Hellsing gives the Count his current name: ""Alucard"". The manga is set over a hundred years later, where the Hellsing Organization is forced to fight the remnants of a"
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"to popular belief, the name Dracula does not translate to ""son of the devil"" in Romanian, which would be ""fiul diavolului"". Stoker came across the name Dracula in his reading on Romanian history, and chose this to replace the name (""Count Wampyr"") originally intended for his villain. Some Dracula scholars led by Elizabeth Miller argue that Stoker knew little of the historic Vlad III except for the name ""Dracula"" in addition to a few bits of Romanian history. Stoker mentions that his Dracula fought against the Turks and was later betrayed by his brother, historical facts in the novel which"
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"walking dead, and that he can only be restrained by killing him with a sword made of yew wood, burying him upside down, surrounding his grave with thorns, and placing a large stone on top of the grave. Since 1958, it has been frequently claimed that the vampiric antagonist of Bram Stoker's novel ""Dracula"" was extensively based on the person of the historic Wallachian ruler Vlad III, also known as Vlad Țepeș (""the Impaler"") after his favored method of punishment and execution. This theory was the central theme of Radu Florescu and Raymond McNally's best-selling 1972 book, ""In Search of"
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"on which he was considered an authority. In addition, Leslie Shepard was cited as an expert on the writings of Bram Stoker, Irish author of the 1897 Gothic horror novel ""Dracula"". In collaboration with Albert Power, Shepard publicized and organized the Bram Stoker Society collecting, cataloging, and archiving numerous writings about both Stoker and the mythical Vampire, which the novelist used as the basis for the title character and antagonist 'Count Dracula' in his novel. Leslie Shepard Leslie Shepard (21 June 1917 – 20 August 2004) was a British author, archivist, and curator who wrote books on a range of"
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"Count Orlok Count Orlok () is the main antagonist and title character portrayed by German actor Max Schreck (1879–1936) in the classic 1922 silent film ""Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens"". He was based on Bram Stoker's character Count Dracula. In ""Nosferatu"", Count Orlok is a vampire from Transylvania, and is known as ""The Bird of Death"", who feasts upon the blood of living humans. He is believed to have been created by Belial, the lieutenant demon of Satan. Orlok dwells alone in a vast castle hidden among the rugged peaks in a lost corner of the Carpathian Mountains. The castle"
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"John Seward John ""Jack"" Seward, M.D. is a fictional character appearing in Bram Stoker's 1897 novel ""Dracula"". Seward is the administrator of an insane asylum not far from Count Dracula's first English home, Carfax. Throughout the novel, Seward conducts ambitious interviews with one of his patients, R. M. Renfield, in order to understand better the nature of life-consuming psychosis. As a psychiatrist, Seward enjoys using the most up-to-date equipment, including using a recording phonograph to record his interviews with his patients and his own notes. Several chapters of the novel consist of transcriptions of Seward's phonograph recordings. One of the"
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"Renfield R. M. Renfield is a fictional character that appears in Bram Stoker's 1897 Gothic horror novel ""Dracula"". A description of Renfield from the novel: R. M. Renfield, 59. Sanguine temperament, great physical strength, morbidly excitable, periods of gloom, ending in some fixed idea which I cannot make out. I presume that the sanguine temperament itself and the disturbing influence end in a mentally-accomplished finish, a possibly dangerous man, probably dangerous if unselfish. In selfish men, caution is as secure an armour for their foes as for themselves. What I think of on this point is, when self is the"
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"pushed back several times. The Transylvanian Saxons were also furious with him for strengthening the borders of Wallachia, which interfered with their stranglehold on the trade routes. In retaliation, the Saxons distributed grotesque poems of cruelty and other propaganda, demonizing Vlad III Dracula as a drinker of blood. These tales strongly influenced an eruption of vampiric fiction throughout the West and, in particular, Germany. As well, some are convinced that the main character in the 1897 Gothic novel ""Dracula"" by Bram Stoker was modelled on Vlad III Dracula but there is no supporting evidence. Stoker borrowed only the name and"
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"the vertical external walls of his castle, in the manner of a lizard. One very famous trait Stoker added is the inability to be seen in mirrors, which is not found in traditional Eastern European folklore. Dracula also had protruding teeth, though was preceded in this by Varney the Vampire and Carmilla. In the novel, the vampire hunter Van Helsing prescribes that a vampire be destroyed by a wooden stake (preferably made of white oak) through the heart, decapitation, drowning, or incineration. The vampire's head must be removed from its body, the mouth stuffed with garlic and holy water or"
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"weapon as his preferred arms. Consumed by grief for his fallen comrades, Blade resumed his quest alone. Blade eventually located Dracula in Paris, where he first encountered the vampire hunter Quincy Harker, son of Jonathan Harker, whom he knew by reputation, and Harker's vampire hunters: Rachel van Helsing, great-granddaughter of Abraham Van Helsing; Taj Nital; and Frank Drake. Because of his mercurial temperament, Blade had a strained but steady relationship with the group, allying himself with them on several occasions. Later, after an unsuccessful battle with Dracula, Blade realized he was immune to turning from a vampire's bite. Armed with"
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"is supposed to die. Gabriel returns as the main character in """", where he refers to himself as the dragon, Dracul. Having abandoned his quest for vengeance, his goal is to put an end to his immortal existence. Dracula appears as a recurring villain in the 1989 animated series """", voiced by Garry Chalk. He is never referred to by name, only being addressed as ""The Count"". He is depicted as a lanky vampire in a yellow suit, later changed to black and blue in the show's third season. He seeks to terrorize the land of Castlevania, but is typically"
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"her, secretly hiring a vampire hunter called Karmilla to assassinate Purgatori. Purgatori watched the vampire war escalate, deciding that Dracula was becoming too powerful for her liking. She was attacked by Karmilla, who had been given various powers by Satrina, but defeated her, trapping her in her dungeon to torture. Karmilla managed to escape but Purgatori deflected her teleportation spell and left her to die in the cold tundra of North America while she traveled to the Invisible Village to find out whether or not it was Rath who had given Karmilla her charmed weapons. Karmilla followed her, freshly armed"
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Ralph Wilson Stadium is home to what NFL team?
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"Ralph Wilson Ralph Cookerly Wilson Jr. (October 17, 1918 – March 25, 2014) was an American businessman and sports executive. He was best known as the founder and owner of the Buffalo Bills, a team in the National Football League (NFL). He was one of the founding owners of the American Football League (AFL), the league with which the NFL merged in 1970, and was the last of the original AFL owners to own his team. At the time of his death he was the oldest owner in the NFL, at age 95, and the third-longest tenured owner in NFL"
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"by 7,000 during its 1998 renovation. Western New York's economic difficulties have forced the Bills to keep their average ticket prices among the lowest in the NFL, and the team did not opt into the loosening of blackout restrictions in 2012. Ralph Wilson Stadium is 40 years old. The team's lease was renewed in March 2013 through the 2022 season in conjunction with an agreement for a $130 million upgrade to the stadium, of which $95 million came from the county and state. The lease provides for a one-time $28.4 million option to buy out the final three years effective"
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"They defeated the NFC Champion Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XL to secure their league-tying fifth Super Bowl title. In doing so, they also became the first team since the 1970 AFL-NFL merger to win a Super Bowl without playing a single home playoff game until the 2007 Giants. They are also the first 6th seeded team to beat the top 3 seeds on the road. Notable additions include Heath Miller and Nate Washington. ""at Paul Brown Stadium, Cincinnati, Ohio"" ""at RCA Dome, Indianapolis, Indiana"" ""at INVESCO Field at Mile High, Denver, Colorado"" ""at Ford Field, Detroit, Michigan"" The Pittsburgh"
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"of the American Football League, the game paired two AFC teams who were part of the ""original eight"" franchises of the AFL, the Tennessee Titans (dressed as their previous incarnation, the Houston Oilers) and the Buffalo Bills, whose owner, Ralph Wilson, was inducted into the Hall that year. An all-NFC matchup was scheduled for 2011, but it was canceled due to the 2011 NFL lockout; the following year, another intra-conference matchup of two NFC teams took its place. From 2011 onward, each team selected to play in the game has had at least one prominent alumnus being inducted into the"
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"Bills owner Ralph Wilson when Wilson was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2009. The Bills were also the favorite team of late NBC political commentator Tim Russert, a South Buffalo native, who often referred to the Bills on his Sunday morning talk show, ""Meet the Press"". (His son, Luke, is also a notable fan of the team.) CNN's Wolf Blitzer, also a Buffalo native, has proclaimed he is also a fan, as has ""CBS Evening News"" lead anchor and Tonawanda native Jeff Glor. ESPN anchor Kevin Connors is also a noted Bills fan, dating to his"
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"Tampa and Memphis. Western New York leaders acquiesced to Wilson's demands and built a new open-air facility that featured a capacity of over 80,000 (at Wilson's request) and, unlike other stadiums, was built into the ground. Rich Stadium (later Ralph Wilson Stadium, now New Era Field) opened in 1973 and continues to house the Bills to this day (Seattle would get an NFL team of its own in 1976, when the Seahawks were enfranchised, as did Tampa, under the banner of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers). 1973 was a season of change: Joe Ferguson became their new quarterback, they moved into"
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"season finale. Prior to the game, the team called for paid volunteers to help shovel snow out of Ralph Wilson Stadium. Former Bills quarterback Ryan Fitzpatrick made his first return to Buffalo since being cut after the 2012 season, hoping to clinch a playoff spot for his new team with a win. Despite the Jets setting various team records, the Bills ultimately pulled out a win to close the season at 8-8 for the first time since 2002 in their final regular season game before Ralph Wilson Stadium was renamed New Era Field the following summer, not only keeping the"
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"Memorial Stadium (Clemson) Frank Howard Field at Clemson Memorial Stadium, popularly known as ""Death Valley"", is home to the Clemson Tigers, an NCAA Division I FBS football team located in Clemson, South Carolina. Built in 1941–1942, the stadium has seen expansions throughout the years, with the most recent being the WestZone, which began in 2004 and was completed in 2006. Prior to the completion of Bank of America Stadium, in Charlotte, Memorial Stadium served as the home venue for the National Football League (NFL)'s Carolina Panthers during the team's inaugural 1995 season. Currently, the stadium is the largest in the"
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"between 1999 and 2001. The Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Dolphins also had their 2017 season opener postponed due to Hurricane Irma. The Atlanta Falcons played their first season in the new Georgia Dome, replacing Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium, playing there until 2016. The season ended with Super Bowl XXVII when the Dallas Cowboys defeated the Buffalo Bills 52–17 at the Rose Bowl. This would be the third of the Bills’ four consecutive Super Bowl losses. There was an unusual deviation between good teams and bad teams in the NFL in 1992. Only one team, the Denver Broncos; finished with eight wins"
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"2003. A lifelong fan of the Buffalo Bills football team, Russert often closed Sunday broadcasts during the football season with a statement of encouragement for the franchise. The team released a statement on the day of his death, saying that listening to Russert's ""Go Bills"" exhortation was part of their Sunday morning game preparation. He once prayed publicly on the show with his father when the Bills were going for the Super Bowl for the fourth consecutive time before Super Bowl XXVIII. On July 23, 2008, U.S. Route 20 leading to the Bills' Ralph Wilson Stadium in Orchard Park, New"
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"games.). The Falcons would remain at Fulton County Stadium until the 1991 NFL season, then move to the Georgia Dome the following season, where they remained through the 2016 season. The Georgia Dome hosted Super Bowl XXVIII where the Buffalo Bills lost 30-13 to the Dallas Cowboys. It was the Bills' second straight Super Bowl loss to the Cowboys and fourth straight Super Bowl loss overall. The same year that the Falcons debuted in the NFL, the Miami Dolphins made their debut in the American Football League (AFL) at the Orange Bowl. The Dolphins would join the NFL in 1970"
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"billion, having been surpassed only by the Dallas Cowboys and New England Patriots. As of 2016 they are also the world’s eighth most valuable sports team. In 2014, they generated an estimated of $439 million in revenue and reportedly netted $125 million. They have also broken the NFL’s mark for single-season attendance six years in a row from 1999 to 2005. The city of Boston, was awarded an NFL franchise on July 9, 1932, under the ownership of George Preston Marshall, Vincent Bendix, Jay O'Brien, and Dorland Doyle. The team took the place of the temporary traveling Cleveland Indians, who"
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"Madden NFL Pigskin Pro-Am The Madden NFL Pigskin Pro-Am is a flag football game where current and former NFL players face-off with celebrities. It is to help market the Madden NFL game from EA sports. This tradition started in 2010 in Malibu and each year it is held at Malibu Bluffs State Park in Malibu, CA. The teams are split into Famers and Gamers, or celebrities and notable people in sports. Participants ""NFL Players"" RB Marcus Allen – LA Raiders, Kansas City Chiefs QB John Elway – Denver Broncos RB Marshall Faulk – Indianapolis Colts, St. Louis Rams QB Joe"
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"franchise of the American Football League (AFL) in 1960. The club joined the NFL as a result of the AFL–NFL merger for the 1970 season. The 1964 and 1965 Bills were the only teams representing Buffalo that won major league professional sports championships (""back-to-back"" American Football League Championships). The Bills are the only team to win four consecutive conference championships and are the only NFL team to lose four consecutive Super Bowl games. The team was owned by Ralph Wilson from the team's founding in 1960, until his death in 2014 at the age of 95. After his death, Wilson's"
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"quickly enough. Today, two of the NFL's eight divisions are composed entirely of former AFL teams, the AFC West (Broncos, Chargers, Chiefs, and Raiders) and the AFC East (Bills, Dolphins, Jets, and Patriots). Additionally, the Bengals now play in the AFC North and the Tennessee Titans (formerly the Oilers) play in the AFC South. As of the 2017 NFL season, the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum and the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum are the last remaining active NFL stadiums that had been used by the AFL, with the remaining stadiums either being used for other uses (the former San Diego Stadium, Fenway"
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"Dallas Cowboys The Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football team based in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. The Cowboys compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) East division. The team is headquartered in Frisco, Texas, and plays its home games at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas, which opened for the 2009 season. The stadium took its current name prior to the 2013 season. The Cowboys joined the NFL as an expansion team in . The team's national following might best be represented by its NFL record of consecutive sell-outs."
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"in the NFL since Ford Field in Detroit, which opened in 2002. As of March 2015, the overall budget was estimated to be $1.061 billion, with $348 million from the state of Minnesota, $150 million from the city of Minneapolis, and $551 million from the team and private contributions. U.S. Bank Stadium hosted Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018, the ESPN X Games on July 19–22, 2018, and is expected to host the 2019 NCAA Final Four, and the 2020 NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships. While the Vikings' owners wanted an outdoor stadium, the state and local governments would"
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"version: ""Who dat talking 'bout beating dem Jags?"" Cincinnati Bengals The Cincinnati Bengals are a professional American football franchise based in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Bengals compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) North division. Their home stadium is Paul Brown Stadium in downtown Cincinnati. Their head coach is Marvin Lewis, who has held the position since 2003 and is currently the second-longest tenured head coach in the NFL, behind the New England Patriots' Bill Belichick. Their divisional opponents are the Pittsburgh Steelers, Cleveland Browns, and the Baltimore Ravens. The"
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"of Fame game (Carolina, Jacksonville, the new Cleveland Browns, and Houston all played in their expansion seasons in 1995, 1999, and 2002 respectively). The 2009 game, however, was between two original American Football League teams: the Buffalo Bills and the Tennessee Titans (formerly the Houston Oilers). This matchup was announced after Ralph C. Wilson, Jr. an AFL founder and the only owner ever of the Bills, was inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame on February 1, 2009. The Titans' owner, Bud Adams, was also the only owner his team has ever had. Wilson and Adams were the two"
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"Football"" and simulcasts of games on cable) or WBFF-TV (also ""Thursday Night Football""). Baltimore Ravens The Baltimore Ravens are a professional American football team based in Baltimore, Maryland. The Ravens compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) North division. The team plays its home games at M&T Bank Stadium and is headquartered in Owings Mills. The Ravens were established in 1996, when Art Modell, who was then the owner of the Cleveland Browns, announced plans to relocate the franchise from Cleveland to Baltimore. As part of a settlement between the"
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"commissioner Pete Rozelle announced his retirement, Wilson was on the six-member committee who was tasked with nominating potential candidates for the open position. Wilson's nominee, his former quarterback Jack Kemp, declined to pursue the post, as he had already taken a position in the U.S. Cabinet. (The job ultimately went to league attorney Paul Tagliabue.) After the original naming rights deal on the Bills' current stadium expired in 1998, the facility's name was changed from Rich Stadium to Ralph Wilson Stadium; it would not receive its current name of New Era Field until 2016, after his death and the subsequent"
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"of the NFL International Series. The contest between the San Diego Chargers and the New Orleans Saints was played at Wembley Stadium in London on October 26, with New Orleans winning 37–32. The Chargers played at Buffalo the week beforehand on October 19 so they could immediately travel to London afterward in order to get used to the time difference. The league has also approved the Bills’ request to play at least one regular season home game at Toronto's Rogers Centre over each of the next five seasons. Team owner Ralph Wilson petitioned the league to play at least one"
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"niece Mary Owen until its sale to the Pegulas was completed on October 8, 2014. On January 31, 2009, Wilson was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame along with former Buffalo Bills defensive end Bruce Smith. The Hall of Fame game, played the day after the 2009 inductions, strayed from the usual AFC–NFC format and instead was contested by two original American Football League teams: the Buffalo Bills and the Tennessee Titans (formerly the Houston Oilers). This matchup was announced after Wilson was elected. Like Wilson, Titans owner Bud Adams was the only owner his team has ever"
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"hoped to make the 2013 home opener. Wilson died at his home on March 25, 2014 of natural causes at the age of 95. His estate held the franchise in trust until its sale to Buffalo Sabres owner Terrence Pegula and his wife in September 2014. The proceeds from the sale will be used to form an endowment for the Ralph C. Wilson Jr. Foundation, which will fund charitable causes in the Buffalo and Detroit areas, in accordance with Wilson's instructions for the money set forth prior to his death. The organization was overseen for a few months by his"
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"to be moved elsewhere, and after deliberations, the NFL chose Ford Field. It was the first ever regular season Monday night game played at Ford Field. The Lions hosted their first ever ""Monday Night Football"" game in Ford Field on October 10, 2011 against the Chicago Bears. A Buffalo Bills home game against the New York Jets was played at Ford Field on November 24, 2014 after a major lake effect snowstorm hit western New York, causing the game to be moved from Ralph Wilson Stadium. The Bills won the game 38–3. On December 13, 2003, Ford Field hosted the"
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"to expire in 2017, but was cancelled in December 2014; the lease on Ralph Wilson Stadium expires in 2022 and will presumably be the last agreement with the aging stadium, as the lease specifies that the process of exploring a new stadium begins during the lease period. The Bills also started the 2013 season with a new starting quarterback, first-round draft pick EJ Manuel, after previous starter Ryan Fitzpatrick refused a pay cut and was subsequently released. Notes Stephen Gostkowski would kick a game-winning 35 yard field goal with 5 seconds left to give the Patriots the win. With the"
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"two-hour post game show with Travis Rodgers, Morrison, and Davis, Jeff Biggs will cover the Rams during halftime. Source: Los Angeles Rams The Los Angeles Rams are a professional American football team based in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The Rams compete in the National Football League (NFL), as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) West division. The Rams franchise has won three NFL championships and is the only franchise to win championships while representing three different cities (Cleveland in 1945, Los Angeles in 1951, and St. Louis in 1999). The Rams play their home games"
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"San Francisco 49ers and Arizona Cardinals known as ""Fútbol Americano"", and 39 international preseason games were played from 1986 to 2005 as part of the American Bowl series. The Raiders and Houston Texans played a game in Mexico City at Estadio Azteca on November 21, 2016. According to Forbes, the Dallas Cowboys, at approximately US$4 billion, are the most valuable NFL franchise and the most valuable sports team in the world. Also, all 32 NFL teams rank among the Top 50 most valuable sports teams in the world; and 14 of the NFL's owners are listed on the Forbes 400,"
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"for the 2015 NFL season. The years shown below refer to the season, not the date that the Super Bowl was actually played. The Pittsburgh Steelers (1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 2005, 2008) are first with six Vince Lombardi Trophies. The Dallas Cowboys (1971, 1977, 1992, 1993, 1995), the San Francisco 49ers (1981, 1984, 1988, 1989, 1994), and the New England Patriots (2001, 2003, 2004, 2014, 2016) are tied for second with 5 each. The Green Bay Packers (1966, 1967, 1996, 2010) and the New York Giants (1986, 1990, 2007, 2011) are tied for fifth with four each. The Oakland Raiders"
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"and once to the Atlanta Xplosion - a Tier I team in 2009. The Tigers also defeated then ranked number seven Clarksville Fox who in the 2008 season had competed for the Independent Women's Football League Tier II[1] championship. The Tigers play their home games at Milton Frank Stadium in Huntsville, Alabama. Because of the devastating effects of the 2011 Super Outbreak, the Tigers had to forfeit their final two regular-season games. On August 30, the Tigers announced they had left the IWFL to join the WSFL. !Totals || 10 || 14 || 0 <nowiki>*</nowiki> = Current Standing <nowiki>**</nowiki> ="
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"for the Bills beyond the current lease term, with NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell describing the renovations as a ""short-term solution"". A committee was formed by the Bills and various levels of government to study the possibility of a ""substantial renovation"" of the existing stadium or the construction of a replacement, though there are doubts that the Buffalo region can afford the $800+ million cost of a new stadium. Following owner Ralph Wilson's death on March 25, 2014 the club was put into a trust and confirmed that it would be sold. Wilson had never expressed any desire for his family"
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"of the Super Bowl, while the Jaguars (1995) and Texans (2002) are both recent NFL expansion teams. (Detroit, Houston, and Jacksonville, however, have hosted a Super Bowl, leaving the Browns the only team to date who has neither played in nor whose city has hosted the game.) The Minnesota Vikings won the last NFL Championship before the merger but lost to the AFL champion Kansas City Chiefs in Super Bowl IV. The Green Bay Packers won the first two Super Bowls (Known as the AFL-NFL World Championship Game for these first two contests), defeating the Kansas City Chiefs and Oakland"
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"Cincinnati Bengals The Cincinnati Bengals are a professional American football franchise based in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Bengals compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) North division. Their home stadium is Paul Brown Stadium in downtown Cincinnati. Their head coach is Marvin Lewis, who has held the position since 2003 and is currently the second-longest tenured head coach in the NFL, behind the New England Patriots' Bill Belichick. Their divisional opponents are the Pittsburgh Steelers, Cleveland Browns, and the Baltimore Ravens. The Bengals were founded in as a member of"
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How the Grinch Stole Christmas was written by who?
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"Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat"". Max, the Grinch's dog, and the Grinch himself also appear in the children's puppet show ""The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss"". The Grinch, Cindy Lou Who, and Max, appear in ""Seussical"", a musical which takes it plot from several Dr. Seuss books. How the Grinch Stole Christmas! How the Grinch Stole Christmas! is a children's story by Theodor ""Dr. Seuss"" Geisel written in rhymed verse with illustrations by the author. It follows the Grinch, a grouchy, solitary creature who attempts to put an end to Christmas by stealing Christmas-themed items from the homes"
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"Timothy Mason (playwright) Timothy Peter Mason (born February 14, 1950) is an American playwright. He has written a number of plays including the book and lyrics for the Broadway musical, ""Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas!’’ Timothy Mason was born in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. As a young child, he moved with his family to Minneapolis. He is the son of Reverend John Martin Mason II (1908 - 2003), who was an author, a minister, and who traveled the country as an advocate for the elderly. Timothy Mason’s mother was Mertrice Rosalys (Herfindahl) Mason. While in high school Timothy"
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"Where Are You, Christmas? ""Christmas, Why Can't I Find You?"" is a song co-written by James Horner, Will Jennings and Mariah Carey, for the movie ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas"" in 2000. In the movie, it is first sung by Taylor Momsen, who played Cindy Lou Who. A longer version of this song, called ""Where Are You, Christmas?"", was co-written by Horner, Jennings and Carey. The song was originally recorded by Carey, but because of a legal case with her ex-husband Tommy Mottola, it could not be released, so it was re-recorded and released by Faith Hill. A video was"
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"The Bolt Who Screwed Christmas The Bolt Who Screwed Christmas is an independent animated short film and a parody of ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas!"" written and directed by John Wardlaw and animated by Adny Angrand. The film features the final performance of actor Jonathan Harris and co-stars Tress MacNeille. The film also features an original score by Gary Stockdale and music by director John Wardlaw's band, Anti-m. Written in 1997, the script was presented to Jonathan Harris in 1998 though it was not until 2000 that his voice work was actually recorded. Harris died in 2002, long before the"
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"Mark Lewis (storyteller) Mark Lewis (February 16, 1954 – December 7, 2014) was an American storyteller, actor, and teacher. He began his storytelling career while a student at John Muir High School in Pasadena, California, winning regional drama competitions with his telling of ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas"" and ""Jabberwocky"", two pieces that became staples of his professional storytelling repertory. In 1971, he formed a performing partnership with singer-songwriter-actor Craig Coulter, and together, as ""Coulter & Lewis, "" they developed an enthusiastic local following performing songs (some original), poetry, children's stories, and skits. This was the beginning of Lewis's professional"
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"""The Couch on CBS"", and ""The Better Show"". As a voice actor, Kenney appeared in several 4Kids Programs, including as the voice of Brock on the ""Pokémon Live!"" soundtrack and stage performances. He also filmed an official Pokémon promotional tape co-hosting with Andrew Rannells distributed at Target stores in the USA in 2001. Kenney is also the founder and creative director of StylewithDen. Dennis Kenney Dennis Kenney is an American actor, singer, and dancer. He is best known for his work as the Grinch in the New York press tour of ""Dr Seuss' How The Grinch Stole Christmas!"" He is"
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"How the Sith Stole Christmas How the Sith Stole Christmas is an animated fan film from that made its debut on the internet in December 2002. Written and directed by Ted Bracewell, the film tells the story of the Emperor's plans to invade the North Pole and take Santa Claus prisoner. Melvin the Elf ends up in the thick of things, and must help rescue Santa. Darth Vader is sent on a separate mission to destroy Christmas for the Ewok inhabitants of Endor, but when an unexpected chain of events leaves him stranded on the planet, Vader is confronted by"
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"form the following year. In 1968 actor Boris Karloff recorded a narrated version of the story for a promotional Capitol Records LP which also featured various Christmas songs from the label's catalog on the flip side. Karloff's reading is warm, vibrant and perfectly nuanced, and very similar to the feel he brought to his classic narration of the How the Grinch Stole Christmas television classic. It was also one of Karloff's last performances—he died a few months later in February 1969. Phyllis McGinley died in New York City in 1978. The Phyllis McGinley Papers can be found at the Special"
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"(such as 1964's ""Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer"", 1965's ""A Charlie Brown Christmas"" and 1969's ""Frosty the Snowman"") that have come to be regarded as classics. It received modestly positive reviews at the time it was released. Critic Rick Du Brow said it was ""probably as good as most of the other holiday cartoons."" It has since been recognized as a classic, with Rotten Tomatoes giving it a 100% ""fresh"" rating on its website; the critical consensus reads, """"How the Grinch Stole Christmas"" brings an impressive array of talent to bear on an adaptation that honors a classic holiday story –"
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"A Christmas Carol A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843 and illustrated by John Leech. ""A Christmas Carol"" recounts the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, an elderly miser who is visited by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the spirits of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come. After their visits, Scrooge is transformed into a kinder, gentler man. Dickens wrote ""A Christmas Carol"" during a period when the British were"
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"Eric Clapton, which won song of the Year and also won the Ivor Novello award for best song from a film. Teaming with James Horner and Mariah Carey, Jennings wrote the lyrics for the central song in ""How The Grinch Stole Christmas"", ""Where Are You Christmas?"", sung by a character within the film and by Faith Hill at the end of the film. In 2002, Horner and Jennings contributed a song for the Oscar-winning film ""A Beautiful Mind"". In 2002, Peter Wolf’s new album, ""Sleepless"", appeared with positive reviews. The album featured six songs written by Jennings and Wolf, who"
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"Magazine"", which called the film a ""standout"" in the genre. How the Sith Stole Christmas How the Sith Stole Christmas is an animated fan film from that made its debut on the internet in December 2002. Written and directed by Ted Bracewell, the film tells the story of the Emperor's plans to invade the North Pole and take Santa Claus prisoner. Melvin the Elf ends up in the thick of things, and must help rescue Santa. Darth Vader is sent on a separate mission to destroy Christmas for the Ewok inhabitants of Endor, but when an unexpected chain of events"
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"In the mid-1960s, he enjoyed a late-career surge in the United States when he narrated the made-for-television animated film of Dr. Seuss' ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas,"" and also provided the voice of the Grinch, although the song ""You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch"" was sung by the American voice actor Thurl Ravenscroft. The film was first broadcast on CBS-TV in 1966. Karloff later received a Grammy Award for ""Best Recording For Children"" after the recording was commercially released. Because Ravenscroft (who never met Karloff in the course of their work on the show) was uncredited for his contribution to"
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"Nightmare Before Christmas"", drawing inspiration from television specials of ""Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer"", ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas!"" and the poem ""A Visit from St. Nicholas"". Burton intended to adapt the poem into a television special with the narration spoken by his favorite actor, Vincent Price, but also considered other options such as a children's book. He created concept art and storyboards for the project in collaboration with Rick Heinrichs, who also sculpted character models; Burton later showed his and Heinrichs' works-in-progress to Henry Selick, also a Disney animator at the time. After the success of ""Vincent"" in 1982, Disney"
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"Stole Christmas!"" published in 1957. Both books went on to be among Dr. Seuss's most popular works. ""Seussical"", is a Broadway musical produced by Lynn Ahrens and Stephen Flaherty in 2000. The musical is a collection of Dr. Seuss's most famous stories that were combined to represent a synthesis of his work. The majority of the musical centers around the life in Whoville, especially the Whos' Christmas pageant and Horton the elephant. Both themes were based on the plots of ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas!"" and ""Horton Hears a Who!"" Universal Orlando Resort endorses Dr. Seuss's work by attributing a"
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"He was not against writing about issues, however; he said that ""there's an inherent moral in any story"", and he remarked that he was ""subversive as hell."" Many of Geisel's books express his views on a remarkable variety of social and political issues: ""The Lorax"" (1971), about environmentalism and anti-consumerism; ""The Sneetches"" (1961), about racial equality; ""The Butter Battle Book"" (1984), about the arms race; ""Yertle the Turtle"" (1958), about Adolf Hitler and anti-authoritarianism; ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas!"" (1957), criticizing the materialism and consumerism of the Christmas season; and ""Horton Hears a Who!"" (1954), about anti-isolationism and internationalism. Geisel"
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"The Grinch overlooks the city of Whoville with a lack of empathy for all Whos. He is known to be of a different species than the Whos, being stated as a What in the 2000 film. The Grinch is played by actor Jim Carrey in the 2000 production of ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas!"" In the book ""Horton Hears a Who!"", there is a mayor in Whoville. In the live-action film ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas,"" there is a mayor named Augustus Maywho, played by Jeffrey Tambor. Actor Steve Carell plays the Mayor of Whoville in the 2008 animated film"
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"Lauper and Chertoff then teamed up to write the hit, ""She Bop."" In 1992, Chertoff started his Blue Gorilla label at Polygram to allow him the opportunity to get back to concentrating in the studio on a select roster of artists. Blue Gorilla immediately performed well, exceeding expectations, with Joan Osborne' ""Relish"", a multi-platinum album and worldwide smash which also garnered an amazing 7-Grammy nominations, including ‘producer of the year.’ Chertoff co-wrote and co-produced the song ""Christmas of Love"" for Ron Howard’s film ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas"" and he co-wrote and co-produced the theme for Jerry Zucker’s film, ""Rat"
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"snouts and twelve toes. In the live-action film, the fur was missing from the Whos. Just north of Whoville, atop a high mountain, Mount Crumpit, a bitter, cave-dwelling creature named the Grinch lives with his dog Max. Cindy Lou Who is a generous young girl who was introduced in the book ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas!"" In the 2000 live action film, ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas!"" she is played by actress Taylor Momsen. The Grinch is a fictional, green colored creature with a cat-like face and cynical personality. He lives in isolation upon Mt. Crumpet with his dog Max."
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"Boris Karloff William Henry Pratt (23 November 1887 – 2 February 1969), better known by his stage name Boris Karloff (), was an English actor who was primarily known for his roles in horror films. He portrayed Frankenstein's monster in ""Frankenstein"" (1931), ""Bride of Frankenstein"" (1935) and ""Son of Frankenstein"" (1939). He also appeared as Imhotep in ""The Mummy"" (1932). In non-horror roles, he is best known to modern audiences for narrating and as the voice of Grinch in the animated television special of Dr. Seuss' ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas!"" (1966). For his contribution to film and television, Boris"
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"In 2008, ""Horton Hears a Who!"" was made into a full-length film. A CGI adaptation called ""The Grinch"", was released in November 2018. Whoville Whoville is a fictional town created by author Theodor Seuss Geisel, under the name Dr. Seuss. Whoville appeared in the books ""Horton Hears a Who!"" and ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas!"", however, there were significant differences between the two renditions. The population of Whoville consists of Mr. and Mrs. Mayors and all of their children and the Grinch. The exact location of Whoville seems to vary depending on which book or media is being referenced. Most,"
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"How the Ghosts Stole Christmas ""How the Ghosts Stole Christmas"" is the sixth episode of the sixth season of the science fiction television series ""The X-Files"". It premiered on the Fox network on December 13, 1998. It was written and directed by series creator Chris Carter, and featured guest appearances by Edward Asner and Lily Tomlin. The episode is a ""Monster-of-the-Week"" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. ""How the Ghosts Stole Christmas"" earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.6, being watched by 17.3 million people in its initial broadcast. The episode received mostly positive reviews from critics, although some"
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"Dennis Kenney Dennis Kenney is an American actor, singer, and dancer. He is best known for his work as the Grinch in the New York press tour of ""Dr Seuss' How The Grinch Stole Christmas!"" He is also the founder of Style with Den. Born in Boston, Dennis Kenney graduated from the Carnegie Mellon College of Fine Arts with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Drama. Kenney has performed as a professional dancer and singer on stage. He performed the role of Eddie in the Las Vegas Company of ""Mamma Mia!"" as well as ""The 42nd Street Revival Tour"" and"
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"Melissa Runstrom, in a review of the sixth season, described ""How the Ghosts Stole Christmas"" as ""hokey"" and ""over-the-top."" She identified it as the weakest episode of the sixth season. How the Ghosts Stole Christmas ""How the Ghosts Stole Christmas"" is the sixth episode of the sixth season of the science fiction television series ""The X-Files"". It premiered on the Fox network on December 13, 1998. It was written and directed by series creator Chris Carter, and featured guest appearances by Edward Asner and Lily Tomlin. The episode is a ""Monster-of-the-Week"" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. ""How the"
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"start until after the 2000 Christmas/comedy film ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas"", based on another Dr. Seuss book of the same name, became a commercial success. Brian Grazer, who was the producer of ""The Grinch"", stated, ""Because we grew up with these books, and because they have such universal themes and the illustrations ignite such fantasy in your mind as a child — the aggregation of all those feelings — it leaves an indelible, positive memory. And so when I realized I had a chance to convert first ""The Grinch"" and then, ""The Cat in the Hat"", into movies, I"
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"Halloween Is Grinch Night Halloween Is Grinch Night (titled It's Grinch Night for the 1992 videocassette release and Grinch Night for the sing-a-long videocasette release) is a 1977 Halloween television special and is the prequel to ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas!"". It won the 1978 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Program. It premiered on ABC on October 29, 1977. In Whoville, on a night known as ""Grinch Night"", which commences when a ""Sour-Sweet Wind"" blows and a chain of events causes the Gree-Grumps and Hakken-Krakks to prompt The Grinch into terrorizing the Whos, as he believes such nights are"
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"A Kidnapped Santa Claus ""A Kidnapped Santa Claus"" is a Christmas-themed short story written by L. Frank Baum, famous as the creator of the Land of Oz; it has been called ""one of Baum's most beautiful stories"" and constitutes an influential contribution to the mythology of Christmas. ""A Kidnapped Santa Claus"" was first published in the December 1904 edition of ""The Delineator"", the women's magazine that would print Baum's ""Animal Fairy Tales"" in the following year. The magazine text was ""admirably illustrated"" with ""pen drawings of marked originality"" by Frederick Richardson, who would illustrate Baum's ""Queen Zixi of Ix"" in"
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"persuades a group to believe that the other party is treacherous. ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas!"" is an iconic piece of literature that uses the rhetorical device of bdelygmia to portray the main character, Mr. Grinch, as a terrible person. The lyrics not only allow the audience to understand that the Grinch is a bad person, but they use words such as ""foul"" and ""nasty"" [?to attribute with the Grinch]. Another example of bdelygmia in popular culture is found in the movie """"National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation"""". When Clark Griswold finds out he will not get his expected bonus, he goes"
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"Avram C. Freedberg Avram Chaim Freedberg (born June 25, 1947 in Brooklyn, New York) is a Broadway theatre producer, a direct marketer, and founder of National Collector's Mint. He founded Maximum Entertainment Productions LLC and has produced and invested in a number of Broadway shows. Freedberg's Broadway credits include ""Dr. Seuss’ How the Grinch Stole Christmas"", ""The Addams Family"" and ""Carrie Fisher’s Wishful Drinking"". One of his off-Broadway shows, ""Los Big Names"", earned Outer Critic’s Circle and Dram Desk nominations. In 2006 and 2007 Freedberg's company Maximum Entertainment was the producer for ""Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas!"" during"
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"is his joking invention. In 1821, the book ""A New-year's present, to the little ones from five to twelve"" was published in New York. It contained ""Old Santeclaus with Much Delight"", an anonymous poem describing Santeclaus on a reindeer sleigh, bringing presents to children. Some modern ideas of Santa Claus seemingly became canon after the anonymous publication of the poem ""A Visit From St. Nicholas"" (better known today as ""The Night Before Christmas"") in the Troy, New York, ""Sentinel"" on 23 December 1823; Clement Clarke Moore later claimed authorship, though some scholars argue that Henry Livingston, Jr. (who died nine"
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"what he will be if he isn't Santa. Several films have been created which explore the consequences should an impostor Santa take over. Probably one of the first films featuring a fake Santa Claus is the 1914 silent film, ""The Adventure of the Wrong Santa Claus"", written by Frederic Arnold Kummer. In this film, a bogus Santa steals all the Christmas presents and amateur detective Octavius (played by Herbert Yost) tries to recover them. Arguably the most notorious impostor appears in the 1966 cartoon based on Dr. Seuss's children's book, ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas!"", wherein the Grinch attempts to"
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"study classical voice at the University of Hawaii with Laurance Paxton. She also studied Drama with Bill Ogilvie at the Diamond Head Theater. At six years, her mother booked her at venues as featured singer and opening act to some of Hawaii's greats, such as Willie K. (Kahaiali'i) among others. In 1999, her mother moved the family to California. Kilcher started to showcase her talent busking on the Third Street Promenade in Santa Monica. At the age of nine, Kilcher was cast as Choire Who in Ron Howard's ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas"". She was 12 when she received a"
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"in the character Cindy Lou Who and pitched a film in which she would have a larger role as well as a materialistic representation of the Whos and an expanded backstory of the Grinch. On September 16, 1998, it was announced that Howard would direct and co-produce a live-action adaptation of ""How the Grinch Stole Christmas"" with Jim Carrey attached to star. It was also reported that Universal Pictures, who had acquired the distribution rights, paid $9 million for the film rights for an adaptation of ""Grinch"" and ""Oh, the Places You'll Go!"" to Geisel. Jeffrey Price and Peter S."
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If Misogyny is the hatred of women, what is the hatred of men?
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"as ""hatred, dislike, or mistrust of women"". In 2012, primarily in response to events occurring in the Australian Parliament, the Macquarie Dictionary (which documents Australian English and New Zealand English) expanded the definition to include not only hatred of women but also ""entrenched prejudices against women"". The counterpart of misogyny is misandry, the hatred or dislike of men; the antonym of misogyny is philogyny, the love or fondness of women. In his book ""City of Sokrates: An Introduction to Classical Athens"", J.W. Roberts argues that older than tragedy and comedy was a misogynistic tradition in Greek literature, reaching back at"
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"Misogyny Misogyny () is the hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women or girls. Misogyny is manifest in numerous ways, including social exclusion, sex discrimination, hostility, androcentrism, patriarchy, male privilege, belittling of women, violence against women, and sexual objectification. Misogyny can be found within sacred texts of religions, mythologies, and Western philosophies. According to sociologist Allan G. Johnson, ""misogyny is a cultural attitude of hatred for females because they are female"". Johnson argues that: Sociologist Michael Flood at the University of Wollongong defines misogyny as the hatred of women, and notes: Dictionaries define misogyny as ""hatred of women"" and"
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"to its opposite which he terms philogyny. Criticizing R. W. Connell's theory of hegemonic masculinities, he shows how philogynous masculinities play out among youth in Maputo, Mozambique. Misogyny Misogyny () is the hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women or girls. Misogyny is manifest in numerous ways, including social exclusion, sex discrimination, hostility, androcentrism, patriarchy, male privilege, belittling of women, violence against women, and sexual objectification. Misogyny can be found within sacred texts of religions, mythologies, and Western philosophies. According to sociologist Allan G. Johnson, ""misogyny is a cultural attitude of hatred for females because they are female"". Johnson"
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"Misandry Misandry () is the hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against men or boys. ""Misandrous"" or ""misandrist"" can be used as adjectival forms of the word. Misandry can manifest itself in numerous ways, including sexual discrimination, denigration of men, violence against men, sexual objectification of men. Misandry is formed from the Greek ""misos"" (μῖσος, ""hatred"") and ""anēr"", ""andros"" (ἀνήρ, gen. ἀνδρός; ""man""). Use of the word can be found as far back as the nineteenth century, including an 1871 use in ""The Spectator"" magazine. It appeared in ""Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary"" (11th ed.) in 1952. Translation of the French """"misandrie"""""
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"in 1908, in his theory of female sexual development. Nancy Kang has discussed ""the misandric impulse"" in relation to the works of Toni Morrison. In his book, ""Gender and Judaism: The Transformation of Tradition"", Harry Brod, a Professor of Philosophy and Humanities in the Department of Philosophy and Religion at the University of Northern Iowa, writes: Misandry Misandry () is the hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against men or boys. ""Misandrous"" or ""misandrist"" can be used as adjectival forms of the word. Misandry can manifest itself in numerous ways, including sexual discrimination, denigration of men, violence against men, sexual"
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"parameters of acceptable cultural norms that promote unrealistic and constricting ideas about what it means to be a man or a woman in modern society. One of the most common consequences of internalized heterosexism is intense depression fueled by self-loathing and sexual repression. Most dictionaries define misogyny as the hatred of women, and as ""hatred, dislike, or mistrust of women"". which can lead to the interpretation that it is a male trait. However, the sociologist Michael Flood at the University of Wollongong notes the following: Women who experience internalized misogyny may express it through minimizing the value of women, mistrusting"
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"she found herself much more critical of scripts directed by women. When speaking about the director Lone Scherfig, whom she worked with on the film ""One Day"", she said, “I’m so scared that I treated her with internalized misogyny."" Misandry is the hatred of, violence against, or discrimination of men and masculinity. Internalized misandry, then, is the act of identifying as a man and discriminating against oneself and one's masculinity. Raewyn Connell notes in her 1987 book ""Gender and Power: Society, the Person and Sexual Politics"", different masculinities retain different authorities across performance so that one version of being a"
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"their penises cut off' that is not transphobia – it is transmisogyny. When the majority of violence and sexual assaults committed against trans people is directed at trans women, that is not transphobia – it is transmisogyny."" Transmisogyny Transmisogyny (sometimes trans-misogyny) is the intersection of transphobia and misogyny. Transphobia is defined as ""the irrational fear of, aversion to, or discrimination against transgender or transgender people"". Misogyny is defined as ""a hatred of women"". Therefore, transmisogyny includes negative attitudes, hate, and discrimination of transgender individuals who fall on the feminine side of the gender spectrum, particularly transgender women. The term was"
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"good job suppressing them and coming off as an arrogant misanthrope."" Misanthropy Misanthropy is the general hatred, dislike, distrust or contempt of the human species or human nature. A misanthrope or misanthropist is someone who holds such views or feelings. The word's origin is from the Greek words μῖσος (""misos"", ""hatred"") and ἄνθρωπος (""anthrōpos"", ""man, human""). The condition is often confused with asociality. Gustave Flaubert once declared that he would ""die of suppressed rage at the folly of [his] fellow men."" Misanthropy has also been ascribed to a number of writers of satire, such as William S. Gilbert (""I hate"
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"all men against marriage, and another more limited form advising wise men against marriage. The literature of misogamy has been surveyed by Katharina Wilson and Elizabeth Makowski in their book ""Wykked Wyves and the Woes of Marriage: Misogamous Literature from Juvenal to Chaucer"", published by the State University of New York in 1990. Misogamy Misogamy is an aversion or hatred of marriage. The word dates from the mid-17th century and combines the Greek ""misos"" (hatred) with ""gamos"" (marriage). Merriam-Webster date the first use of the word to around 1656. The idea of misogamy was important in the Christian church during"
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"status. Hostile sexism reflects misogyny (i.e., the hatred of women by men) and is expressed through blatant negative evaluations of women. Examples of hostile sexism include beliefs about women as incompetent, unintelligent, overly emotional, and sexually manipulative. Benevolent sexism reflects evaluations of women that are seemingly positive. Examples of benevolently sexist attitudes include the reverence of women in wife, mother, and child caretaker roles, the romanticizing of women as objects of heterosexual affection, and the belief that men have a duty to protect women. While benevolent sexism may not appear to be harmful to women on the surface, these beliefs"
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"Philogyny Philogyny is fondness, love, or admiration towards women. Its antonym is ""misogyny"". Philogyny is not be confused with gynephilia, which is sexual attraction to women or femininity (and whose antonym is ""gynophobia""). Cicero reports the word could be used in Greek philosophy to denote being overly fond of women, which was considered a disease along with misogyny. Christian Groes-Green has argued that the conceptual content of philogyny must be developed as an alternative to the concept of misogyny. Criticizing R.W. Connell's theory of hegemonic masculinities he shows how philogynous masculinities play out among youth in Maputo, Mozambique. ""Philogyny"" comes"
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"pervasive messages of hatred toward men. ""Legalizing Misandry"" (2005), the second in the series, gave similar attention to laws in North America. Wendy McElroy, an individualist feminist, wrote in 2001 that some feminists ""have redefined the view of the movement of the opposite sex"" as ""a hot anger toward men [that] seems to have turned into a cold hatred."" She argued it was a misandrist position to consider men, as a class, to be irreformable or rapists. In a 2016 article, author and journalist Cathy Young described a ""current cycle of misandry"" in feminism. This cycle, she explains, includes the"
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"culture offers no comparable anti-male ideology to misogyny and that ""people often confuse men as individuals with men as a dominant and privileged category of people"" and that ""[given the] reality of women's oppression, male privilege, and men's enforcement of both, it's hardly surprising that ""every"" woman should have moments where she resents or even hates 'men'"". Marc A. Ouellette argues in ""International Encyclopedia of Men and Masculinities"" that ""misandry lacks the systemic, transhistoric, institutionalized, and legislated antipathy of misogyny""; in his view, assuming a parallel between misogyny and misandry overly simplifies relations of gender and power. Anthropologist David D."
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"be men but also not to be women (California Institute of Integral Studies). In other words, he meant that coaches ensure that young males gain enough strength to face their opponents and discourage these players to fear, which is a character trait associated with femininity. In sporting activities, to be masculine means to possess skills, energy, and toughness in order to become the victor in many tournaments. Misogyny in sports is a significant factor that contributes to shaming, objectifying, and degrading women, regardless of their performance on the playing field. Misogyny refers to hatred or prejudice towards women. It is"
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"The Psychology of Hatred and Cruelty"", Wilhelm Stekel discusses ""horror feminae"" of a male masochist. In ""The Dread of Woman"" (1932), Karen Horney traced the male dread of woman to the boy's fear that his genital is inadequate in relation to the mother. Professor Eva Keuls argues that violent Amazons are the evidence of the obsessive fear of women in Classical Athens. Gynophobia Gynophobia or gynephobia is an abnormal fear of women, a type of specific social phobia. In the past, the Latin term horror feminae was used. Gynophobia should not be confused with misogyny, the hatred, contempt for and"
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"Misanthropy Misanthropy is the general hatred, dislike, distrust or contempt of the human species or human nature. A misanthrope or misanthropist is someone who holds such views or feelings. The word's origin is from the Greek words μῖσος (""misos"", ""hatred"") and ἄνθρωπος (""anthrōpos"", ""man, human""). The condition is often confused with asociality. Gustave Flaubert once declared that he would ""die of suppressed rage at the folly of [his] fellow men."" Misanthropy has also been ascribed to a number of writers of satire, such as William S. Gilbert (""I hate my fellow-man"") and William Shakespeare (""Timon of Athens""). Jonathan Swift is"
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"considered one of ""them"". Male masculinity in society is a stereoype that is important to many males and homosexuality is the opposite of that. Hate crimes are violence towards a group that is viewed as not equal to or different than a more dominant group. This threat is fear activated. These crimes often end in extreme violence and cause the need for homosexual identity concealment. This concealment leads to psychological distress. This distress leads to psychological disorders and self-hatred. Sexual stigma causes discrimination. Heteronormativity is the discrimination of any group other than a heterosexual group. It creates inequality in the"
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"Misogamy Misogamy is an aversion or hatred of marriage. The word dates from the mid-17th century and combines the Greek ""misos"" (hatred) with ""gamos"" (marriage). Merriam-Webster date the first use of the word to around 1656. The idea of misogamy was important in the Christian church during the medieval period as a prerequisite for the celibacy required to occupy the highest positions in the church. It was developed in the philosophy of Theophrastus who became the ""canonical authority on philosophic misogamy throughout the Middle Ages"". Sara E. Diaz writes that two types of misogamy existed during the period, one advising"
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"Transmisogyny Transmisogyny (sometimes trans-misogyny) is the intersection of transphobia and misogyny. Transphobia is defined as ""the irrational fear of, aversion to, or discrimination against transgender or transgender people"". Misogyny is defined as ""a hatred of women"". Therefore, transmisogyny includes negative attitudes, hate, and discrimination of transgender individuals who fall on the feminine side of the gender spectrum, particularly transgender women. The term was coined by Julia Serano in her 2007 book ""Whipping Girl"" and used to describe the unique discrimination faced by trans women because of ""the assumption that femaleness and femininity are inferior to, and exist primarily for the"
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"Gynophobia Gynophobia or gynephobia is an abnormal fear of women, a type of specific social phobia. In the past, the Latin term horror feminae was used. Gynophobia should not be confused with misogyny, the hatred, contempt for and prejudice against women, although some may use the terms interchangeably, in reference to the social, rather than pathological aspect of negative attitudes towards women. The antonym of misogyny is philogyny, the love, respect for and admiration of women. This term is analogous with androphobia, the abnormal or irrational fear of men. The term ""gynophobia"" comes from the Greek γυνή - ""gunē"", meaning"
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"hatred of women with hatred of humanity generally, and even hatred of wine. ""It was the prevailing medical opinion of his day that wine strengthens body and soul alike."" So Chrysippus, like his fellow stoic Antipater, views misogyny negatively, as a disease; a dislike of something that is good. It is this issue of conflicted or alternating emotions that was philosophically contentious to the ancient writers. Ricardo Salles suggests that the general stoic view was that ""[a] man may not only alternate between philogyny and misogyny, philanthropy and misanthropy, but be prompted to each by the other."" Aristotle has also"
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"fear, and anxiety arising from same-gender incivility, women additionally reported higher levels of demoralization after witnessing such mistreatment. Furthermore, the negative effects of same-gender incivility were more pronounced for men observing men mistreating other men than for women observing women mistreating other women. Miner and Eischeid (2012) suggest this disparity reflects men perceiving uncivil behavior as a “clear affront to the power and status they have learned to expect for their group in interpersonal interactions.” Motherhood status has also been examined as a possible predictor of being targeted for incivility in the workplace. This research shows that mothers with three"
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"benevolent views towards men. In a study of 503 self-identified heterosexual females, social psychologists found an association between insecure attachment styles and women's hostile sexism towards men, while others dispute that feminism is build around misandry. Religious studies professors Paul Nathanson and Katherine Young examined the institutionalization of misandry in the public sphere in their 2001 three-book series ""Beyond the Fall of Man"", which refers to misandry as a ""form of prejudice and discrimination that has become institutionalized in North American society"", writing, ""The same problem that long prevented mutual respect between Jews and Christians, the teaching of contempt, now"
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"to murder, which converts what would have been murder into manslaughter. It is meant to be applied when a person kills in the ""heat of passion"" upon being ""provoked"" by the behavior of the victim. This defense has been criticized as being gendered, favoring men, due to it being used disproportionately in cases of adultery, and other domestic disputes when women are killed by their partners. As a result of the defense exhibiting a strong gender bias, and being a form of legitimization of male violence against women and minimization of the harm caused by violence against women, it has"
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"improvidence, hatred of God, disobedience to husbands, lack of natural affection, high-mindedness, flattery, lustfulness, infidelity, indiscretion, backbiting, whispering, lack of truth, striking, brawling, quarrelsomeness, unthankfulness, inhospitality, deceitfulness, irreverence, boasting, arrogance, pride, double-tongued talk, profanity, slander, corruptness, thievery, embezzlement, despoiling, covenant-breaking, incontinence, filthiness, ignobleness, filthy communications, impurity, foolishness, slothfulness, impatience, lack of understanding, unmercifulness, idolatry, blasphemy, denial of the Holy Ghost, Sabbath breaking, envy, jealousy, malice, maligning, vengefulness, implacability, bitterness, clamor, spite, defiling, reviling, evil speaking, provoking, greediness for filthy lucre, disobedience to parents, anger, hate, covetousness, bearing false witness, inventing evil things, fleshliness, heresy, presumptuousness, abomination, insatiable appetite, instability, ignorance,"
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"Stobaeus that relate to marriage. A Greek play with a similar name, ""Misogunos"" (Μισόγυνος) or ""Woman-hater"", is reported by Marcus Tullius Cicero (in Latin) and attributed to the poet Marcus Atilius. Cicero reports that Greek philosophers considered misogyny to be caused by gynophobia, a fear of women. In summary, Greek literature considered misogyny to be a disease—an anti-social condition—in that it ran contrary to their perceptions of the value of women as wives and of the family as the foundation of society. These points are widely noted in the secondary literature. In ""Misogyny: The World's Oldest Prejudice"", Jack Holland argues"
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"cultures the penalty was—and to this day still is, as noted below—capital punishment. At the same time, men were free to maintain sexual relations with any women (polygyny) provided that the women did not already have husbands or ""owners"". Indeed, (ba`al), Hebrew for ""husband"", used throughout the Bible, is synonymous with ""owner"". These laws were enacted in fear of cuckoldry and thus sexual jealousy. Many indigenous customs, such as female genital mutilation and even menstrual taboos, have been theorized to have originated as preventive measures against cuckolding. This arrangement has been deplored by many modern intellectuals. Opponents of adultery laws"
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"Misogyny in horror films Misogyny can occur in horror films when there is a degrading representation of women. This is found particularly in slasher films, where there is often gendered specific violence towards women. Female characters experience violence and brutality at the hands of male antagonists far more often than male characters in these films. Female characters are likely to experience sexual violence, particularly in the rape-and-revenge subgenre. Female and male characters who have been sexually involved die in the slasher genre. Research has been unable to show if female characters are killed more often in an explicitly sexual way"
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"acts of vengeance, usually death, committed by male family members against female family members, who are held to have brought dishonor upon the family. A woman can be targeted by (individuals within) her family for a variety of reasons, including: refusing to enter into an arranged marriage, being the victim of a sexual assault, seeking a divorce—even from an abusive husband—or (allegedly) committing adultery. The mere perception that a woman has behaved in a way that ""dishonors"" her family is sufficient to trigger an attack on her life. Although rare, men can also be the victims of honor killings by"
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"is more the sufferer in sins, and more dishonored than the body in diseases. ... [The men] have done an insult to nature itself. And a yet more disgraceful thing than these is it, when even the women seek after these intercourses, who ought to have more shame than men."""" He went on to describe homosexuality as the worst of sins (greater than murder). Punishment will be found in hell for such transgressors, and that women can be guilty of the sin as much as men (although the former disrupt the patriarchal hierarchy through such as act). Chrysostom argues that"
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"women as sinful, untrustful, deceiving and desiring to seduce and incite men into sexual sin. Katharine M. Rogers argues that Christianity is misogynistic and that the ""dread of female seduction"" can be found in St. Paul's epistles. K. K. Ruthven argues that the ""legacy of Christian misogyny was consolidated by the so-called 'Fathers' of the Church, like Tertullian, who thought a woman was not only 'the gateway of the devil' but also 'a temple built over a sewer'"". Jack Holland argues the concept of fall of man is misogynistic as ""a myth that blames woman for the ills and sufferings"
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"μισογυνίαν). He then offers an example of this, quoting from a lost play of Euripides in which the merits of a dutiful wife are praised. The other surviving use of the original Greek word is by Chrysippus, in a fragment from ""On affections"", quoted by Galen in ""Hippocrates on Affections"". Here, ""misogyny"" is the first in a short list of three ""disaffections""—women (""misogunia""), wine (""misoinia"", μισοινία) and humanity (""misanthrōpia"", μισανθρωπία). Chrysippus' point is more abstract than Antipater's, and Galen quotes the passage as an example of an opinion contrary to his own. What is clear, however, is that he groups"
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Dec 18, 1620 is the official landing date of the Mayflower. At what Massachusetts location did they make land?
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"the harsh treatment from King James for rejecting England's official church. Although they were allowed some religious liberties in Holland, the liberalism and openness of the Dutch to all styles of life horrified them. They approached the Virginia Company and asked to settle ""as a distinct body of themselves"" in America. In the fall of 1620, they sailed to North America on the ""Mayflower"", first landing near the tip of Cape Cod (modern-day Provincetown, Massachusetts). Blown north off its course, the Mayflower landed at a site that had been named Plymouth. Since the area was not land that lay within"
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"was yet to come after arriving at their destination when, in the space of several months, almost half the passengers perished in cold, harsh, unfamiliar New England winter. On November 9/19, 1620, after about three months at sea, including a month of delays in England, they spotted land, which was Cape Cod. And after several days of trying to get south to their planned destination of the Colony of Virginia, strong winter seas forced them to return to the harbor at Cape Cod hook, where they anchored on November 11/21. The Mayflower Compact was signed that day. There were forty-one"
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"the space of several months, almost half the passengers perished in cold, harsh, unfamiliar New England winter. On November 9/19, 1620, after about three months at sea, including a month of delays in England, they spotted land, which was the Cape Cod Hook, now called Provincetown Harbor. And after several days of trying to get south to their planned destination of the Colony of Virginia, strong winter seas and a damaged ship forced them to return to the Cape Cod Hook where they anchored on November 11/21. Since there were no established laws where they landed they wrote the Mayflower"
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"November 9, 1620, they sighted present-day Cape Cod. They spent several days trying to sail south to their planned destination of the Colony of Virginia, where they had obtained permission to settle from the Company of Merchant Adventurers. However, strong winter seas forced them to return to the harbor at Cape Cod hook, well north of the intended area, where they anchored on November 11. The settlers wrote and signed the Mayflower Compact after the ship dropped anchor at Cape Cod, in what is now Provincetown Harbor, in order to establish legal order and to quell increasing strife within the"
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"of the passengers perished in the cold, harsh, unfamiliar New England winter. On November 9, 1620, after about three months at sea, including a month of delays in England, they spotted land, which was the Cape Cod Hook, now called Provincetown Harbor. After several days of trying to get south to their planned destination of the Colony of Virginia, strong winter seas forced them to return to the harbor at Cape Cod Hook, where they anchored on November 11. The Mayflower Compact was signed that day. William White died on February 21, 1621. With her husband's death, Susanna White, with"
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"half the passengers perished in cold, harsh, unfamiliar New England winter. On November 9/19, 1620, after about three months at sea, including a month of delays in England, they spotted land, which was the Cape Cod Hook, now called Provincetown Harbor. After several days of trying to get south to their planned destination of the Colony of Virginia, strong winter seas forced them to return to the harbor at Cape Cod hook, where they anchored on November 11/21. William Mullins signed The Mayflower Compact 11/21 1620. William Mullins, his wife Alice and son Joseph all died within months of arriving"
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"the worst was yet to come after arriving at their destination when, in the space of several months, almost half the passengers perished in cold, harsh, unfamiliar New England winter. On November 9/19, 1620, after about three months at sea, including a month of delays in England, they spotted land, which was the Cape Cod Hook, now called Provincetown Harbor. After several days of trying to get south to their planned destination of the Colony of Virginia, strong winter seas forced them to return to the harbor at Cape Cod hook, where they anchored on November 11/21. The Mayflower Compact"
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"sea, including a month of delays in England, they spotted land, which was the Cape Cod Hook, now called Provincetown Harbor. After several days of trying to get south to their planned destination of the Colony of Virginia, strong winter seas forced them to return to the harbor at Cape Cod hook, where they anchored on November 11/21. The Mayflower Compact was signed that day. Degory Priest was a signatory to the Mayflower Compact on November 11, 1620. From William Bradford’s later recollection of seven men from the ""Mayflower"" who died soon after arrival, ""Digerie Preist"" among them, with this"
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"for this purpose (the 1619 voyage being the first), with the tobacco brides promised free passage and trousseaus for their trouble. On November 21, 1620, the Mayflower arrived in what is today Provincetown, Massachusetts), bringing the Pilgrims. There were 102 people aboard – 18 married women traveling with their husbands, seven unmarried women traveling with their parents, three young unmarried women, one girl, and 73 men. Three fourths of the women died in the first few months; while the men were building housing and drinking fresh water the women were confined to the damp and crowded quarters of the ship."
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"almost half the passengers perished in cold, harsh, unfamiliar New England winter. On November 9/19, 1620, after about three months at sea, including a month of delays in England, they spotted land, which was the Cape Cod Hook, now called Provincetown Harbor. And after several days of trying to get south to their planned destination of the Colony of Virginia, strong winter seas forced them to return to the harbor at Cape Cod hook, where they anchored on November 11/21. The Mayflower Compact was signed that day. Issac Allerton was one of the signers. Of Isaac Allerton and his first"
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"1620, the Pilgrims aboard the ""Mayflower"" sighted Cape Cod while en route to the Colony of Virginia. After two days of failed attempts to sail south against the strong winter seas, they returned to the safety of the harbor, known today as Provincetown Harbor, and set anchor. It was here that the Mayflower Compact was drawn up and signed. They agreed to settle and build a self-governing community, and came ashore in the West End. Though the Pilgrims chose to settle across the bay in Plymouth, Cape Cod enjoyed an early reputation for its valuable fishing grounds, and for its"
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"anchored on November 11/21, 1620. The Mayflower Compact was signed that day, Bradford being one of the first to sign. Bradford had yet to assume any significant leadership role in the colony by the time that he was 30. The ""Mayflower"" anchored in Provincetown Harbor and he volunteered to be a member of the exploration parties searching for a place for settlement. In November and December, these parties made three separate ventures from the ""Mayflower"" on foot and by boat, finally locating Plymouth Harbor in mid-December and selecting that site for settlement. During the first expedition on foot, Bradford got"
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"November 9/19, 1620, after about 3 months at sea, including a month of delays in England, they spotted land, which was the Cape Cod Hook, now called Provincetown Harbor. After several days of trying to get south to their planned destination of the Colony of Virginia, strong winter seas forced them to return to the harbor at Cape Cod hook, where they anchored on November 11/21. The Mayflower Compact was signed that day. Peregrine White's father William White, died on February 21, 1621. With her husband's death, Susanna, with her newborn son Peregrine and five-year-old Resolved, became the only surviving"
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"the deck of the ""Mayflower"" during his absence and drowned. William Bradford recorded her death in his journal. The ""Mayflower"" arrived in Plymouth Bay on December 20, 1620. The settlers began building the colony's first house on December 25 (Christmas). Their efforts were slowed, however, when a widespread sickness struck the settlers. The sickness had begun on the ship. On January 11, 1621, Bradford was helping to build houses when he was suddenly struck with great pain in his hipbone and collapsed. He was taken to the ""common house"" (the only finished house built then) and it was feared that"
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"Company was replaced by a royal charter for the Plymouth Council for New England, a joint stock company established to colonize and govern the region. In December 1620, the permanent settlement of Plymouth Colony was established by the Pilgrims, English Puritan separatists who arrived on the ""Mayflower"". They held a feast of gratitude which became part of the American tradition of Thanksgiving. Plymouth Colony had a small population and size, and it was absorbed into Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691. Puritans began to immigrate from England in large numbers, and they established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629 with 400"
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"delays in and around England, they spotted land, which was the Cape Cod Hook, now called Provincetown Harbor. After several days of trying to get south to their planned destination of the Colony of Virginia, strong winter seas forced them to return to the harbor at Cape Cod hook, where they anchored on 11/21 November. On 11 November 1620, Soule and others signed the Mayflower Compact. Soule and three others were under 21 years of age, and one of the three had a baptismal record showing he was just 20 years old at the time of signing. It appears the"
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"England winter. On 9/19 November 1620, after about 3 months at sea, including a month of delays in England, they spotted land, which was the Cape Cod Hook, now called Provincetown Harbor. After several days of trying to sail south to their planned destination of the Colony of Virginia, strong winter seas forced them to return to the harbor at Cape Cod hook, where they anchored on 11/21 November. The Mayflower Compact was signed that day. Richard Warren's name appears 12th in the list. He participated in some of the early explorations of Cape Cod, when a suitable settlement location"
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"was Plymouth Colony, founded in 1620 by people who later became known as the Pilgrims. Fleeing religious persecution in the East Midlands in England, they first went to Holland, but feared losing their English identity. Because of this, they chose to relocate to the New World, with their voyage being financed by English investors. In September 1620, 102 passengers set sail aboard the ""Mayflower"", eventually settling at Plymouth Colony in November. Of the passengers on the Mayflower, 41 men signed the ""Mayflower Compact"" aboard ship on November 11, 1620, while anchored in Provincetown Harbor. Signers included Carver, Alden, Standish, Howland,"
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"Baptists before coming to what is now Marshall County. As a result of this heritage, some place names in Marshall County are named after places in New England, such as Plymouth, which is named after Plymouth, Massachusetts, the site where the ""Mayflower"" landed in 1620. When these settlers arrived, there was nothing but a dense virgin forest and wild marshland, which would need to be cleared and drained before it could be farmed. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 authorized forcible removal if necessary. The United States government purchased this area under the Treaty of Tippecanoe in 1832. Although many"
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"3 months at sea, including a month of delays in England, they spotted land, which was the Cape Cod Hook, now called Provincetown Harbor. After several days of trying to get south to their planned destination of the Colony of Virginia, strong winter seas forced them to return to the harbor at Cape Cod hook, where they anchored on November 11/21. The Mayflower Compact was signed that day. At the death of the Edward Tilleys in the winter of 1620/1621, Henry Samson and Humility Cooper were given over to the care of others – it being uncertain what family that"
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"first recorded non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City. The territory of New Netherland was originally a private, profit-making commercial enterprise focused on cementing alliances and conducting trade with the diverse Native American ethnic groups. Surveying and exploration of the region was conducted as a prelude to an anticipated official settlement by the Dutch Republic, which occurred in 1624. In 1620 the Pilgrims attempted to sail to the Hudson River from England. However, the ""Mayflower"" reached Cape Cod (now part of Massachusetts) on November 9, 1620, after a voyage of 64 days. For a variety of"
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"a skirmish with local Native Americans known as the ""First Encounter"" near modern-day Eastham, Massachusetts. The colonists decided to look elsewhere, having failed to secure a proper site for their settlement, and fearing that they had angered the local Native Americans by robbing their corn stores and firing upon them. The ""Mayflower"" left Provincetown Harbor and set sail for Plymouth Harbor. The ""Mayflower"" dropped anchor in Plymouth Harbor on December 16 and spent three days looking for a settlement site. They rejected several sites, including one on Clark's Island and another at the mouth of the Jones River, in favor"
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"Plymouth Bay Plymouth Bay is a small, well-protected bay of the Atlantic Ocean on the western shore of larger Cape Cod Bay along the coastline of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Plymouth Bay retains historical significance for the landing at Plymouth Rock in 1620 by the Pilgrims aboard the ""Mayflower"" who proceeded to establish the first permanent Northern European settlement in North America at Plymouth Colony. Plymouth Bay is an offshoot of the larger Cape Cod Bay and is sometimes considered part of Massachusetts Bay, which is defined by Cape Ann to the north and Cape Cod to the south. Plymouth"
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"with the purpose of establishing settlements on the coast of North America. A few years later, Plymouth was also the departure point of the ""Mayflower"" in 1620, aboard which the Pilgrim Fathers set sail for the New World, establishing the second permanent English colony in the United States of America. They eventually landed at a site which Captain John Smith had already named New Plymouth in a map published in his 1616 work ""A Description of New England"" and the Pilgrims accepted this name. Twin flags of the US and UK now fly at the Mayflower Steps to commemorate the"
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"a joint-stock company established to colonize and govern the region. The Pilgrims wrote and signed the Mayflower Compact before leaving the ship, and it became their first governing document. The Massachusetts Bay Colony came to dominate the area and was established by royal charter in 1629 with its major town and port of Boston established in 1630. Massachusetts Puritans began to settle in Connecticut as early as 1633. Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts for heresy, led a group south, and founded Providence Plantation in the area that became the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations in 1636. At"
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"see, stick fast where they were left by that great man of God, who yet saw not all things. This is a misery much to be lamented."" The ""Mayflower"" reached the coast of what is now Massachusetts on 21 November 1620. For the next several years, the Pilgrims awaited the arrival of Robinson and the rest of the congregation. The departure for most of the rest of the congregation was delayed for several years. Robinson became ill on 22 February 1625 but recovered enough to preach twice the next day, which was Sunday. By the next Sunday, Reverend John Robinson"
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"its first transoceanic voyage. Before coming ashore at the extreme northwest corner of the harbor, the Pilgrims and other settlers signed the Mayflower Compact in the harbor on November 11, 1620. Dorothy Bradford, the first wife of William Bradford, was one of the first adult Pilgrims to die in the New World. According to the only known written description of her death from close to when it actually occurred, she fell overboard from the ""Mayflower"" in Provincetown Harbor on December 17, 1620 and drowned. Peregrine White, the first child born to the Pilgrims in New England, was born while they"
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"land, which was the Cape Cod Hook, now called Provincetown Harbor. After several days of trying to get south to their planned destination of the Colony of Virginia, strong winter seas forced them to return to the harbour at Cape Cod hook, where they anchored on 11/21 November. The Mayflower Compact was signed that day. John Tilley was a signatory to the Mayflower Compact, as was his brother, Edward. Both John Tilley and his brother Edward were involved in the early exploring expeditions of the Cape Cod area in November and December 1620, with both suffering the effects of being"
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"freighters were needed to carry the treasure to London. Henry Hudson put into Dartmouth on his return from North America, and was arrested for sailing under a foreign flag. The Pilgrim Fathers put into Dartmouth's Bayard's Cove, en route from Southampton to America. They rested a while before setting off on their journey in the ""Mayflower"" and the ""Speedwell"" on 20 August 1620. About 300 miles west of Land's End, upon realising that the ""Speedwell"" was unseaworthy, it returned to Plymouth. The ""Mayflower"" departed alone to complete the crossing to Cape Cod. Dartmouth's sister city is Dartmouth, Massachusetts. The town"
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"charter for the Virginia Company, which comprised the London Company and the Plymouth Company. These two privately funded ventures were intended to claim land for England, to conduct trade, and to return a profit. In 1620, the Pilgrims arrived on the ""Mayflower"" and established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts, beginning the history of permanent European settlement in New England. In 1616, English explorer John Smith named the region ""New England"". The name was officially sanctioned on November 3, 1620 when the charter of the Virginia Company of Plymouth was replaced by a royal charter for the Plymouth Council for New England,"
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"is called Plimouth...I would that the first plantation might here be seated, if there come to the number of fifty persons or upwards..."" Five months later, in November 1620, the Mayflower will arrive at the tip of Cape Cod, and then six weeks later, deliver 102 Pilgrims, who also possess of a copy of Captain Smith's map, to this very place where they will found the colony of Plimoth Plantation, at the abandoned village of Patuxet. Nathaniel Morton, states that after Dermer wrote the June 1620 relation (letter), ""...he came to the island of Capaock, which lieth south from this"
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"the Colony of Virginia, strong winter seas forced them to return to the harbor at Cape Cod hook, where they anchored on November 11/21. The Mayflower Compact was signed that day. There were forty-one of the adult males, including the servants, who signed the Mayflower Compact on November 11, 1620. In the 1623 Division of Land, with the Winslow family, she was assigned one ""aker"" as ""Humillitie Cooper"" adjoining the property of Henry Samson. In the 1627 Division of Cattle, she was in lot five with the Brewster family as ""Humillyty Cooper."" From William Bradford's 1651 writing, she ""was sent"
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"previously spent extensive time there. They discovered remains of a European fort and uncovered a grave that contained the remains of both an adult European male and a Native American child. The ""Mayflower"" anchored at Provincetown Harbor on November 11, 1620. The Pilgrims did not have a patent to settle this area; thus, some passengers began to question their right to land, complaining that there was no legal authority to establish a colony. In response to this, a group of colonists drafted and ratified the first governing document of the colony, the Mayflower Compact, while still aboard the ship as"
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In the Transformer universe, who do the Autobots battle?
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"explains that the Binaltech universe, although originally a corruption of the timeline, must be allowed to continue as it will lead to an evolution of the Transformers species, and eventually to ""the great "". When Unicron arrives, the Autobots prevail, but per Ravage's plan, the Decepticons are released from the rift to conquer the battle-weary Autobots. In order to put an end to all Transformer fighting across the universe, the Autobots resort to activating an ancient device to freeze all Transformers across the universe, but it has the unexpected effect of only freezing the non-Binaltech Transformers. Since Binaltech Autobots outnumber"
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"Autobots from Cybertron. They also have an unusual captive - Joe Colton, the original G.I. Joe. Here they are also led by Golobulus. They attempted to sacrifice Firewall to Unicron, but they are stopped by an escaped Colton, Hawk and Autobot leader Optimus Prime. Golobulus attacks Hawk as he attempts to free Firewall, while Colton battles Nemesis Enforcer. Ranting about how he intends to destroy the mechanical Transformers, Golobulus is then crushed by Prime's fist. Pythona has a change of heart and kills the Enforcer. With Unicron defeated by Cosmos and Flint, Cobra-La are detained by the rest of G.I."
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"Cade and the Autobots must confront the ""T.R.F."" (Transformers Reaction Force), an organization reformed from the remnants of the disbanded CIA unit Cemetery Wind, whose purpose is to wipe out all Transformers on Earth, regardless of faction, and also must protect a girl named Izabella, a street-smart tomboy who was orphaned during the battle of Chicago. The Autobots and the TRF battle against Quintessa and Megatron and their defense forces, in which they must find and retrieve his staff to prevent the impending destruction of Earth by Cybertron. Not much has been revealed about the Autobots in the ""Transformers Animated"""
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"Autobot Autobots are a team of sentient mechanical self-configuring modular robotic lifeforms from the planet Cybertron led by Optimus Prime, and the main protagonists in the universe of the Transformers, a collection of various toys, cartoons, movies, graphic novels, and paperback books first introduced in 1984. The ""Heroic Autobots"" are opposed by the Evil Decepticons. Both Autobots and Decepticons are humanoid robots that can transform into machines, vehicles and other familiar mechanical objects, as well as mimic organic lifeforms (Dinobots). Autobots typically transform into regular cars, trucks, or other road vehicles (""auto""mobiles) but some few are aircraft, military vehicles, communication"
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"the rest of Bumblebee's team decides to establish a new, permanent Autobot base on Earth. Autobot Autobots are a team of sentient mechanical self-configuring modular robotic lifeforms from the planet Cybertron led by Optimus Prime, and the main protagonists in the universe of the Transformers, a collection of various toys, cartoons, movies, graphic novels, and paperback books first introduced in 1984. The ""Heroic Autobots"" are opposed by the Evil Decepticons. Both Autobots and Decepticons are humanoid robots that can transform into machines, vehicles and other familiar mechanical objects, as well as mimic organic lifeforms (Dinobots). Autobots typically transform into regular"
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"the victims from the Decepticons. On the planet are two groups of Autobots. One is from the ""Robots in Disguise"" story, with Landfill (Walmart recolor), ""Universe"" Side Burn, and ""Universe"" Prowl. The other is from another parallel world with Spy Changer Optimus Prime, Ultra Magnus, Prowl, and Ironhide. They all fight off the Decepticons. The Autobot shuttle is sent back to its own time. Another alternate-universe incarnation of Grimlock entered the fray in the Transformers: Energon line. Grimlock's toy – packaged with the similarly-redesigned Swoop – was a modern updating of his original figure. It still transformed into a ""Tyrannosaurus"
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"the lone Autobot to boost morale in times of crisis. Around this time, a third group of Cybertronians form who are opposed to the war and both sides of it. They leave Cybertron and are never seen again. The war eventually devastates the planet, and a Decepticon scientist named Thunderwing suggests to graft Transformers with protective organic shells, which Megatron rejects. Thunderwing experiments on himself, becoming a beast who devastates Cybertron. The Decepticons recover more quickly and stage a new offensive against the Autobots, who suffer the loss of the charismatic Blaster, the voice of the Autobot resistance: he is"
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"by Sam and many Decepticons are killed, including Devastator, Scorponok, and the Fallen but Megatron and Starscream escape, albeit with Megatron severely injured and the Decepticon spymaster Soundwave also survives, having never participated in the battle. The word ""Autobot"", according to Ratchet, is an abbreviation of the phrase Autonomous robotic organisms, making it seem like Autobot is likely the Transformers species name in this continuity (the irony being that the term robot is derived from the Czech word ""robota"" for ""work"" and thus expresses the opposite of autonomy). In """" the Autobots, now consisting of Bumblebee (Sam's guardian), Que/Wheeljack, Sideswipe,"
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"the Autobots that Decepticon activity has been scanned nearby. Megatron attacks with a horde of Divebomb Terrorcon clones. The Autobots attempt by fight back by having Mirage and Inferno Powerlinx while Landmine goes into brute mode, but they are overwhelmed when Insecticon Terrorcon hordes join in the attack. The Autobots retreat and Megatron takes the energon for himself. Inferno is also the name of a Transformer in the live-action movie continuity. In it Inferno is an Autobot programmer. According to Hasbro employees, his colors are inspired by the ""Generation 1"" Micromaster Autobot Tote, as well as one of the early"
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"the Autobots were. After they leave, Predaking leaves his refuge in the Predacon burial ground to seek out Darksteel and Skylynx only to encounter Unicron who possesses Megatron's body. Predaking engages Unicron in battle, and though initially he gains the upper hand, Unicron proves he is the stronger of the two combatants and defeats him. Unicron then reads Predaking's mind and then heads for the Predacon burial ground, where he faces off against Darksteel and Skylynx, defeating them and raising the Predacons from the dead as Terrorcons. When Predaking returns, he finds the burial ground desecrated and also encounters DarkSteel"
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"and using them to grow in size and power. Their forces bolstered by the ancient Autobots from Earth and the arrival of Wing Saber, who combines with Optimus Prime, the Autobots fight their way through a vengeful Megatron and defeat Starscream – but the battle is not without casualties, as Hot Shot, Red Alert and Scattershot are gravely wounded and rebuilt into the even more powerful ""Cybertron Defense Team"". Upon returning to Cybertron, the Autobots use the Omega Lock and Cyber Planet Keys, which awakens the spirit of Primus, the deity who is creator of the Transformers, and Cybertron itself"
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"other Autobots. They are defeated when they are buried in an avalanche created by the planet's native Chaos monster. Later, they participate in the invasion of Paradron, with Divebomb pursuing escapee Sandstorm and Razorclaw co-ordinating the shooting down of the Autobot reinforcement vessel he returns with. Later the Quintessons strike at the Transformers by animating the dreams of Daniel Witwicky. Having penetrated Cybertron's defenses for an unspecified mission, the Predacons attack Rodimus Prime, Ultra Magnus and Springer. Soon the whole group are attacked by monsters conjured from Daniel's subconscious. All on scene are forced to work together to survive. Razorclaw"
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"In the series, the maximals use the activation code ""maximize"" to transform, and have forms of seemingly peaceful creatures. In """", the Autobots are the main race on Cybertron, and their enemies are the Predacons. The Autobots fought in the Cybertronian Civil Wars, presumably against the Predacons. Vector Sigma, the Allspark, chooses which Autobot is to be granted the Matrix and thus the position of commander-in-chief. The Autobots were already on Earth when the Predacons arrived, having taken the form of Earth vehicles to work as camouflage and established a Global space bridge network and a central base monitoring the"
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"while, the Aerialbots witness the damaged Trypticon plunge into Cybertron, and the Autobots band together to narrowly defeat him in one final battle. In the aftermath of the battle Optimus commissions a massive vessel known as the ""Ark"" to transport the remaining Autobots into space. Optimus and a small band of remaining Autobots stay to defend Cybertron from Megatron for as long as possible. ""War for Cybertron"" is played from a third person perspective. Transformers are classified into four main categories, Leader, Soldier, Scientist, and Scout. Each character in the campaign is classified as one of these types, and their"
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"(the new Autobots), led by Optimus Primal, and Predacons, led by Megatron, 300 years after the ""Great War"". After a dangerous pursuit through transwarp space, both the Maximal and Predacon factions end up crash landing on a primitive, uncivilized planet similar to Earth, but with two moons and a dangerous level of Energon (which is later revealed to ""be"" prehistoric Earth with an artificial second moon, taking place sometime during the 4 million year period in which the Autobots and Decepticons were in suspended animation from the first episode of the original Transformers cartoon), which forces them to take organic"
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"years earlier), when robots and humans live side-by-side. The Autobots come to Earth and assume superhero roles, battling evil humans with the Decepticons having a smaller role until Megatron resurfaces. Main characters include Autobots Optimus Prime, Bumblebee, Bulkhead, Prowl, and Ratchet; Decepticons Megatron, Starscream, Blitzwing, Lugnut, and Blackarachnia; and humans Professor Sumdac and Sari Sumdac. Several characters that were in the original Transformers cartoon and 1986 animated movie, as well as characters only seen in comics and such, make special appearances and cameos throughout the show. In 2010, Hasbro released a toy line expansion to the film universe. This line"
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"Transformer spaceship the Atlantis, and Autobot Overhaul heads for the next world, Jungle Planet, where the power of its Cyber Planet Key reformats him into Leobreaker. Megatron ingratiates himself with Jungle Planet ruler Scourge, while at the same time, his scheming lieutenant Starscream teams up with the mysterious Sideways, working towards his own goals. Ultimately, the Autobots succeed in acquiring the Keys of both Velocitron and Jungle Planet, at which point the existence of Earth's own Cyber Planet Key is revealed. Starscream makes his power play and overthrows Megatron, stealing the Omega Lock and all three keys from the Autobots"
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"Karza - in exchange for Earth's deposits of Ore-13 to save Karza's dimension from a destructive entropy storm, Manheim will receive dominion over Earth. When the Autobot base Metrotitan abruptly goes silent, Optimus Prime calls Windblade to Earth in the hopes of using her cityspeaking skills to diagnose the problem. Before long, however, Prime and his allies are dispatched to Portland when Joe Colton takes the fight to Transformers. The battle is interrupted by Rom the Space Knight, who annihilates the Wraiths within the ranks of the Joes and forces the Autobots to pursue the alien. Meanwhile, Kup and Aileron"
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"and became the Autobot Pretenders. They fought the Decepticon Pretenders with the help of Optimus Prime and Goldbug (Transformers #40). They soundly defeated their Decepticon Pretender rivals, who thought they were simply giant humans. Cloudburst was present when Grimlock fought Blaster for leadership of the Autobots on Earth's moon. The Autobots were then attacked by the Decepticons led by Ratbat (Transformers #41). Cloudburst has a major role together with Landmine, when they rescued Sky Lynx and Berko from the Mecannibals, before battling the Decepticon Powermasters. During the adventure, Cloudburst is forced to fight in gladiatorial combat on Femax. The leader"
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"the Autobots, only to be stopped and killed by Optimus Prime, who was also fatally injured. While Galvatron II did not exist in the Generation 1 cartoon, he would make several appearances in media related to the Japanese Generation 1 cartoon continuity splinter future. He appears """"Fight! Super Robot Lifeform Transformers"""" story pages and the """"e-HOBBY"""" comics. In the late 1980s, soon after the activation of Metroplex, Megatron and his ""new subordinate,"" Galvatron II, battled Ultra Magnus and Optimus Prime atop the giant robot's shoulder. Magnus and Prime would later successfully defeat and apprehend Galvatron in a later battle. When"
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"is building to get off Earth. In the battle that follows, Swindle betrays Rodimus and reveals his new creation, Menasor, but the day is saved thanks to Skywatch, with whom Optimus Prime has brokered an alliance, and some timely side-switching from the disillusioned Thundercracker. The disgraced Rodimus flees Earth alone, and the Autobots rally under Bumblebee. Working with Skywatch, the Autobots begin helping them deal with Transformer-related crises around Earth, finding themselves caught between the Combaticons, allied with North Korea, and the Predacons, working for China. Disenchanted Skywatch operative Sandra broadcasts footage of his battle to the world, exposing Skywatch's"
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"with a small band of Autobots, Optimus faces Lockdown, a ruthless bounty hunter allied with the humans, and KSI, an organization that produces man-made Transformers. Optimus is captured by Lockdown, but the Autobots rescue him. Optimus is quickly losing faith in humanity, but at the urging of Cade, chooses to stay and fight a resurrected Megatron and his new army. Prime awakens the ancient Dinobots, and rides a newly tamed Grimlock into battle through Hong Kong. He kills Lockdown and Harold Attinger at the film's climax as revenge for killing many of his friends, including Ratchet and Leadfoot. At the"
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"Transformers inside were reformatted into Cobra vehicles remotely controlled by the Televipers. In this storyline Ratchet turned into a Cobra HiSS tank. In the second series, he appeared as ""The Autobot"", the sole Autobot guardian of a future Earth overrun by Decepticons. This Ratchet had been changed by his experiences, ruthlessly gunning down several Decepticons and even destroying one in hand-to-hand-combat. He is located by a team of G.I. Joes trying to repair the damage done by the time-displaced Transformers. They forcibly teleported him back to Cybertron - where he was promptly gunned down by Shockwave. This Ratchet had reverted"
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"a mysterious new breed of Transformer, or so it would appear, but upon capture, Prime and the Autobots learn that these Transformers are descendants of the Decepticons. Their leader, Jhiaxus, claims that both factions have long ended their war and have become one race of Cybertronians, cooperating in the goal of expanding the Transformer dynasty, Prime is disgusted to find Jhiaxus's troops have been launching attacks on defenseless planets, and escapes with his troops to oppose the new breed. Meanwhile, on Earth, Megatron, reborn and rebuilt by Cobra, infiltrates the salvaged Ark and begins to take over it, hoping to"
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"the "" vs. The Transformers"" comics printed by Devil's Due Publishing, Megatron was again among the Decepticons who crashed on in the Ark on Earth, but this time the Ark was discovered by the terrorist group Cobra, who reformatted the Autobots and Decepticons into weapons and vehicles for themselves called Battle Android Troopers controlled by the Televipers. Megatron was locked in gun mode, and kept by Cobra Commander. When Optimus Prime broke free of the controls, Megatron convinced his keeper to free him to fight Optimus. Wounded by the Autobots and a malfunctioning orbiting weapons system, Megatron was eventually defeated"
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"Transformers to present-day Cybertron. Bumblebee takes center stage in the third crossover series, as he, Grimlock, Arcee, and Perceptor are sent to Earth to aid G.I. Joe in removing the influence of Cybertronian technology on the planet. Sporting his original alternate mode again, he is shown to have something of a crush on Arcee. When Cobra attacks the base, the Autobots help repel the Cobra Battle Android Trooper armies. Journeying to Cybertron to stop Serpentor, the mismatched group is ambushed first by Cannibalizers, then by Serpentor, Piranacon, Predaking and the Stunticons, with Bumblebee being badly injured as he runs right"
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"during the fight the Autobots are exposed to refined Forestonite, which enhances and mutates Cybertronian systems. He gets enhanced to his ""Generation 2"" form. Spark commands an Autobot shuttle crewed by Blaze, Hubcap, Sideswipe, Streetstar and Windbreaker into space where they intercept a distress call from Spike Witwicky on the planet Nebulos. When the Autobots arrive on Nebulos they meet Spike and Carly Witwicky, Chip Chase and the Autobots Brainstorm, Chromedome, Crosshairs and Highbrow who inform them that the Nebulan scientist Hi-Q is missing. They learn from Hi-Q's assistant Hi-Test that Hi-Q had security monitors and through them discover the"
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"led by Sam and Robert Epps. The Autobots battle an army of Decepticons and Decepticon ships to reach Sentinel and stop his plan to bring Cybertron to Earth; in the process, with human help, they manage to eliminate most of the army, including Laserbeak, the Driller, Starscream, Soundwave, Shockwave, (Barricade survives the battle) although Que is killed in the process. Optimus confronts Sentinel after shooting down the Control Pillar and stopping the Space Bridge temporarily. The Autobots and humans outmatch Sentinel, who flees before engaging Optimus one on one, while Sam kills his human aide Dylan Gould, who reactivates the"
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"plan to lure Omega Supreme to a rooftop defended with turrets, where the giant Transformer is ambushed. Omega Supreme sustains heavy damage and plummets to Cybertron's lower levels. The Decepticons follow Omega Supreme and engage him in a lengthy final battle, in which Omega Supreme is finally defeated, infected with Dark Energon, and captured by the Decepticons. Megatron forces Omega Supreme to open the door to Cybertron's core and travels there with his minions. Upon arrival he infects the core of Cybertron, also a Transformer, with Dark Energon, which then begins to spread over the entire planet. The Autobot campaign"
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"a civil war. Eventually, the Autobots find another planet, Junkion, which is covered in garbage and scrap metal. The Transformers inhabiting Junkion are scavenging tribes led by the eccentric Wreck-Gar. The Junkions are friendly towards the Autobots and set to work fixing the ""Ark"". Meanwhile, the Decepticons on board the ""Nemesis"" detect the Ark’s signal and land on Velocitron in search of the Autobots. Ransack and several other Velocitronians pledge their allegiance to the Decepticons, but the ""Nemesis"" leaves shortly after arriving to continue tracking the ""Ark"". The Matrix of Leadership projects another map leading to a working Space Bridge"
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"vicinity of Cybertron. The Transformers' homeworld riddled with Energon towers, fired, leaving Unicron badly damaged. The Autobots form an alliance with Alpha Q, who is already working with Rodimus and his crew, and learn his origin and his motives for stealing Energon: he seeks to use it to recreate that which Unicron has destroyed. Meanwhile, Megatron's forces attack Cybertron, and the Decepticon criminal Shockblast is inducted into their ranks. In the course of Shockblast's escape from prison, guard Wing Dagger swears revenge for the death of his partner, Padlock, and when an Energon tower collapses on him and Tidal Wave,"
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"the Transformers' god and core of their homeworld, Cybertron was reawakened, alerting his nemesis, Unicron to his location. Optimus Prime, the Autobot leader, had deduced that the only thing capable of stopping Unicron was the Creation Matrix, which he had once carried inside his body. The Matrix had been lost with Prime's old body when it had been launched into space for burial. Prime assembles several small teams of Autobots to search different parts of the galaxy for the Matrix. The story takes the form of four individual stories, each focusing on one team. Although the stories do not connect"
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"Bay live action films, as well as in the CGI-animated series """", the title Autobots is explained to be the short version of the title Autonomous Robotic Organisms In all Transformers stories, the Autobots and their adversaries, the Decepticons, originated on the planet Cybertron. The planet is almost always depicted as a purely metallic body. The capital of Cybertron is Iacon. In later issues of the Marvel comic line, Cybertron is shown to have weather, such as rain. In most North American continuities, the Autobot commander is usually Optimus Prime. The Japanese Continuity, however, is more diverse; after Optimus Prime"
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Name the only US president who has won the medal of honor.
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"and son to be awarded the Medal of Honor. The only other such pairing is Theodore Roosevelt (awarded in 2001) and Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. Five pairs of brothers have received the Medal of Honor: Another notable pair of related recipients are Admiral Frank Friday Fletcher (rear admiral at the time of award) and his nephew, Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher (lieutenant at the time of award), both awarded for actions during the United States occupation of Veracruz. Since 1979, 86 late Medal of Honor awards have been presented for actions from the Civil War to the Vietnam War. In addition, five"
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"President Calvin Coolidge. For his gallantry at San Juan Hill, Roosevelt's commanders recommended him for the Medal of Honor. In the late 1990s, Roosevelt's supporters again recommended the award. On January 16, 2001, President Bill Clinton awarded Theodore Roosevelt the Medal of Honor posthumously for his charge on San Juan Hill, Cuba, during the Spanish–American War. He is the only president to have received the Medal of Honor. The United States Navy named two ships for Roosevelt: the , a submarine that was in commission from 1961 to 1982, and the , an aircraft carrier that has been on active"
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"of Honor. On 21 December 2017 the House of Representatives waived the 5 year time limit for the award of the Medal of Honor and the Senate later took similar action. Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis (retired Marine General) recommended the upgrade to President Donald Trump who approved the award in July 2018. On Wednesday, 17 October 2018, President Trump awarded the Medal of Honor to Sergeant Major John L. Canley, United States Marine Corps (Retired), for conspicuous gallantry. The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, March 3, 1863, has awarded in the name"
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"States Government Note – Although Dewey was entitled to all of the above medals the only one there are pictures of him wearing is the Battle of Manila Bay Medal. George Dewey George Dewey (December 26, 1837January 16, 1917) was Admiral of the Navy, the only person in United States history to have attained the rank. He is best known for his victory at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish–American War. Born in Montpelier, Vermont, Dewey entered the United States Naval Academy in 1854. He graduated from the academy in 1858 and was assigned as the executive lieutenant"
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"Vernon Baker Vernon Joseph Baker (December 17, 1919 – July 13, 2010) was a United States Army officer who received the Medal of Honor, the highest military award given by the United States Government for his valorous actions during World War II. He was awarded the medal for his actions on April 5–6, 1945 near Viareggio, Italy. Baker was the only living black American World War II veteran of the seven belatedly awarded the Medal of Honor when it was bestowed upon him by President Bill Clinton in 1997. He died in 2010 at the age of 90. Baker was"
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"Medal of Honor 44 years after the action in which he earned the Distinguished Service Cross. Sergeant Ashley's medal was posthumously awarded to his family at the White House by Vice President Spiro T. Agnew on December 2, 1969. In 1989, President George H. W. Bush appointed Army General Colin Powell to the position of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, making Powell the highest-ranking officer in the United States military. Powell was the first, and is so far the only, African American to hold that position. The Chairman serves as the chief military adviser to the President and"
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"of every president since Dwight D. Eisenhower, excepting that of Lyndon B. Johnson, who didn't invite any Medal of Honor recipient. He is not related to either President Bush. Robert and Wanda Bush were the parents of three sons and a daughter. He died from kidney cancer on November 8, 2005, in Olympia, Washington, aged 79. His wife predeceased him in 1999, and a son, Larry, died in 1986. At the time of his death he was survived by three children, eight grandchildren, and two great-grandchildren. He was buried in Fern Hill Cemetery, Menlo, Washington. Bush's citation reads: The President"
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"of Honor. The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to First Sergeant Leonidas Mahlon Godley, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 22 May 1863, while serving with Company E, 22d Iowa Infantry, in action at Vicksburg, Mississippi. First Sergeant Godley led his company in the assault on the enemy's works and gained the parapet, there receiving three very severe wounds. He lay all day in the sun, was taken prisoner, and had his leg amputated without anesthetics. Leonidas M. Godley Leonidas Mahlon Godley (June 13,"
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"determined. The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR to SERGEANT WILLIAM G. HARRELL<br> UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS for service as set forth in the following CITATION: /S/ HARRY S. TRUMAN William G. Harrell William George Harrell (June 16, 1922 – August 9, 1964) was a United States Marine who was awarded his nation's highest military honor – the Medal of Honor – for his heroic actions in the Battle of Iwo Jima. William Harrell was born in Rio Grande City, Texas on June 26, 1922 and later moved to Mercedes, Texas. He attended"
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"George Dewey George Dewey (December 26, 1837January 16, 1917) was Admiral of the Navy, the only person in United States history to have attained the rank. He is best known for his victory at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish–American War. Born in Montpelier, Vermont, Dewey entered the United States Naval Academy in 1854. He graduated from the academy in 1858 and was assigned as the executive lieutenant of the at the beginning of the Civil War. He participated in the capture of New Orleans and the Siege of Port Hudson, helping the Union take control of the"
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"Defense Service Medal, European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with one Bronze Service Star, World War II Victory Medal, Presidential Unit Citation and the Combat Infantryman Badge. Alfred B. Nietzel Alfred B. Nietzel (April 27, 1921 – November 18, 1944) is a recipient of the Medal of Honor. He was awarded the Medal of Honor by President Barack Obama in a March 18, 2014 ceremony in the White House. The award comes through the Defense Authorization Act which in 2002, called for a review of Jewish American and Hispanic American veterans from World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War"
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"is the Presidential Medal of Freedom. President John F. Kennedy established the current decoration in 1963 through , with unique and distinctive insignia, vastly expanded purpose, and far higher prestige. It was the first U.S. civilian neck decoration and, in the grade of Awarded With Distinction, is the only U.S. sash and star decoration (the Chief Commander degree of the Legion of Merit—which may only be awarded to foreign heads of state—is a star decoration, but without a sash). The Executive Order calls for the medal to be awarded annually on or around July 4, and at other convenient times"
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"Reagan""); only two U.S. presidents have received this honor since attaining office, Reagan and George H. W. Bush, while Dwight D. Eisenhower received his before becoming President in his capacity as a general after World War II. Reagan was also named an honorary Fellow of Keble College, Oxford. Japan awarded him the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum in 1989; he was the second U.S. president to receive the order and the first to have it given to him for personal reasons (Dwight D. Eisenhower received it as a commemoration of U.S.-Japanese relations). In 1990, Reagan was awarded"
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"the President of the United States, the Silver Star Medal to: LIEUTENANT (JG) KENNETH D. MOLLOY, U.S. NAVAL RESERVE CITATION For distinguishing himself by conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action against the enemy. On 17 August 1944, as Commanding Officer of Motor Torpedo Boat 326, he was conducting a patrol against Japanese barges on the west shore of Geelvink Bay. On the previous night another PT patrol had sighted and attacked approximately twelve enemy barges on the beach on the southeastern coast of Mansiman Island, off Manokwari, New Guinea. Under orders to make a close reconnaissance of these barges, and"
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"the Presidential Unit Citation, the National Defense Service Medal, the Vietnam Service Medal with two bronze stars, the Vietnamese Gallantry Cross with Gold Star, and the Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal. The President of the United States in the name of The Congress takes pleasure in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR to MAJOR ROBERT J. MODRZEJEWSKI<br> UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS for service as set forth in the following CITATION: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving as Commanding Officer, Company K, Third Battalion, Fourth Marines, Third Marines,"
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"the US Post Office commemorating Medal of Honor winners included reference on the backing sheet to Seventh-day Adventist US Army medic Desmond Doss who was the only winner of the American's highest decoration for bravery who refused to kill or carry any weapon, beliefs that were informed by his Adventist faith. The stamp was also available as a cover with Doss's story and image of Doss receiving the Metal of Honor from President Truman. While not mentioning the church or a high profile member, the October 1998 ""Giving and Sharing an American Tradition"" USPS stamp has a deep Adventist connection."
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"two chevrons of five stars and one chevron of three stars, emulate the suspension ribbon of the Medal of Honor. The flag has no set proportions. The first Medal of Honor flag recipient was U.S. Army Sergeant First Class Paul R. Smith, who was presented the flag posthumously. President George W. Bush presented the Medal of Honor and flag to the family of Smith during the award ceremony for him in the White House on April 4, 2005. A special Medal of Honor Flag presentation ceremony was held for over 60 living Medal of Honor recipients on board the in"
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"chronological order) include John F. Kennedy, Pope John XXIII, Lyndon Johnson, Paul ""Bear"" Bryant, Thurgood Marshall, Cesar Chavez, Roberto Clemente, Jack Kemp, Harvey Milk, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner, Elouise Cobell, Grace Hopper, Antonin Scalia, Elvis Presley and Babe Ruth. (Chaney, Goodman and Schwerner, civil rights workers murdered in 1964, were awarded their medals in 2014, 50 years later.) The badge of the Presidential Medal of Freedom is in the form of a golden star with white enamel, with a red enamel pentagon behind it; the central disc bears thirteen gold stars on a blue enamel background (taken from"
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"Coin Act of 2005. In 2013, Cleveland was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame. Scholarly studies Primary sources Official Letters and Speeches Media coverage Other Grover Cleveland Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was an American politician and lawyer who was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States, the only president in American history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office (1885–1889 and 1893–1897). He won the popular vote for three presidential elections—in 1884, 1888, and 1892—and was one of two Democrats (with Woodrow Wilson) to be elected president during the era"
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"Presidential Citizens Medal The Presidential Citizens Medal is an award bestowed by the President of the United States. It is the second-highest civilian award in the United States, second only to the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Established by executive order on November 13, 1969, by President Richard Nixon, it recognizes an individual ""who has performed exemplary deeds or services for his or her country or fellow citizens."" Only United States citizens are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded posthumously. The medal is a disc of gilt and enamel, based on the Seal of the President of the United"
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"When the U.S. entered the Second World War, Turner volunteered once again to defend his country. He joined the Army from Los Angeles in October 1942, and was assigned to the 14th Armored Division. For his actions on January 3, 1945, he received the Medal of Honor on 14 September 1945. His MOH citation read: “The President of the United States takes pleasure in awarding the MEDAL of HONOR to PRIVATE FIRST CLASS GEORGE B. TURNER, BTRY. C, 499th ARMORED FIELD ARTILLERY BN. UNITED STATES ARMY for service as set forth in the following CITATION: Turner was the only recipient"
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"Silver Buffalo, Ronald Reagan 1982 and Nancy Reagan 1988, Wayne M. Perry 2006 and Christine Perry 2016, Edward Arnold 2011 and Jeanne Arnold 2013, George F. Francis, III 2001 Elaine Smith Francis 2013,and Justin D. (Dan) McCarthy 2012 and Carol McCarthy 2017. Three Chief Justices of the Supreme Court have been awarded the Silver Buffalo: #10 William Howard Taft 1927, #11 Charles Evans Hughes 1944, and #15 Warren E. Burger 1988. Fifteen Presidents of the United States have been awarded the Silver Buffalo: #27 William Howard Taft 1927, #30 Calvin Coolidge 1929, #31 Herbert Hoover 1930, #32 Franklin Delano Roosevelt"
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"Hershel W. Williams Hershel Woodrow ""Woody"" Williams (born October 2, 1923) is a retired United States Marine Corps warrant officer and United States Department of Veterans Affairs veterans service representative who received the United States military's highest decoration for valor—the Medal of Honor—for heroism above and beyond the call of duty during the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. He and three soldiers are the only living Medal of Honor recipients from that war. In addition, he is the only surviving Marine to have received the Medal of Honor during the Second World War, and is the only"
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"Service. Jackson lived in Boise, Idaho, during his retirement, and died at a hospital there on June 14, 2017 at the age of 92. The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR to PRIVATE FIRST CLASS ARTHUR J. JACKSON<br> UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS for service as set forth in the following CITATION: /S/ HARRY S. TRUMAN Arthur J. Jackson Captain Arthur Junior Jackson (October 18, 1924 – June 14, 2017) was a United States Marine who received the Medal of Honor for his actions on Peleliu during World War II. PFC Jackson single-handedly destroyed"
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"Presidential Medal of Freedom The Presidential Medal of Freedom is an award bestowed by the President of the United States and is—along with the Congressional Gold Medal—the highest civilian award of the United States. It recognizes those people who have made ""an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States, world peace, cultural or other significant public or private endeavors"". The award is not limited to U.S. citizens and, while it is a civilian award, it can also be awarded to military personnel and worn on the uniform. It was established in 1963 by President"
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"Evelyn Byrd 1929, Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. 1934, Eddie Rickenbacker 1944, and Douglas MacArthur 1963. Three of the 28 Congressional Space Medal of Honor recipients have received the Silver Buffalo: John Glenn 1965, Neil Armstrong 1970, and Jim Lovell 1992. Five father/son pairs have earned the Silver Buffalo, Mortimer L. Schiff 1926 and John M. Schiff 1943, John Randolph Donnell 1958 and John R. Donnell Jr. 1990, J. Willard Marriott 1980 and J.W. Marriott Jr. 1994, George H.W. Bush 1990 and George W. Bush 2002 and R. Lawry Hunsaker 2004 and Russ Hunsaker 2013. Additionally, five husband/wife pairs have earned the"
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"decoration in the United States bestowed ""for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of life, above and beyond the call of duty, in actual combat against an armed enemy force."" The medal is awarded by the President of the United States on behalf of the Congress. Joe P. Martinez was the first of 17 Hispanic Medal of Honor recipients during World War II. His posthumous award was the first for combat heroism on American soil (other than Pearl Harbor) since the American Indian Wars. Private Joe P. Martinez, whose birth name was Joseph Pantillion Martinez, was one of nine"
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"that all this time, I was living with such greatness."" The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, March 3, 2008, has awarded in the name of Congress the Medal of Honor to: Master Sergeant Woodrow W. Keeble United States Army Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty: Master Sergeant Woodrow W. Keeble distinguished himself by acts of gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action with an armed enemy near Sangsan-ni, Korea, on October 20, 1951. On that"
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"been denied the Medal of Honor by prejudice. Mendoza was awarded the Medal of Honor by President Barack Obama in a March 18, 2014, ceremony in the White House. As Mendoza had died in 2001, his widow accepted his award. His citation reads: Mendoza received the Medal of Honor, Bronze Star Medal, Purple Heart with one Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster, Army Good Conduct Medal, American Campaign Medal, European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with two Bronze Service Stars, World War II Victory Medal, National Defense Service Medal, Korean Service Medal with five Bronze Service Stars, Presidential Unit Citation with one Bronze Oak"
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"Jefferson Davis Jefferson Finis Davis (June 3, 1808 – December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as the only President of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865. As a member of the Democratic Party, he represented Mississippi in the United States Senate and the House of Representatives prior to switching allegiance to the Confederacy. He was appointed as the United States Secretary of War, serving from 1853 to 1857, under President Franklin Pierce. Davis was born in Fairview, Kentucky, to a moderately prosperous farmer, the youngest of ten children. He grew up in Wilkinson County, Mississippi, and"
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"forth in the following CITATION: Harold E. Wilson Chief Warrant Officer Harold Edward Wilson (December 5, 1921 – March 29, 1998) was a United States Marine who earned the United States' military highest award, the Medal of Honor, for heroism as a platoon sergeant of a rifle platoon in Korea on the night of April 23–24, 1951. He received the award from President Harry S. Truman during ceremonies at the White House on April 11, 1952. Wounded four times during the night-long battle, he refused medical treatment to rally his men against overwhelming Communist forces. With both arms virtually disabled,"
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"Medal of Freedom (1945) The Medal of Freedom was a decoration established by President Harry S. Truman to honor civilians whose actions aided in the war efforts of the United States and its allies. It was intended to be awarded by the Secretary of State, the Secretary of War, or the Secretary of the Navy, but Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy also authorized awards. The medal is a bronze disc whose obverse features the profile of the Statue of Freedom of the US Capitol Building, with the word ""FREEDOM"" in capital letters in an arc at the"
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"Harold E. Wilson Chief Warrant Officer Harold Edward Wilson (December 5, 1921 – March 29, 1998) was a United States Marine who earned the United States' military highest award, the Medal of Honor, for heroism as a platoon sergeant of a rifle platoon in Korea on the night of April 23–24, 1951. He received the award from President Harry S. Truman during ceremonies at the White House on April 11, 1952. Wounded four times during the night-long battle, he refused medical treatment to rally his men against overwhelming Communist forces. With both arms virtually disabled, he continued to pass ammunition"
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Dec 18, 2008 marked the death of Mark Felt. What prominent role in the watergate scandals did he play?
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"Mark Felt William Mark Felt Sr. (August 17, 1913 – December 18, 2008) was a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) special agent and Associate Director, the Bureau's second-highest-ranking post, from May 1972 until his retirement from the FBI in June 1973. During his time as Associate Director, Felt served as an anonymous informant, nicknamed ""Deep Throat"", to reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein of ""The Washington Post"". He provided them with critical information about the Watergate scandal, which ultimately led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon in 1974. Though Felt's identity as Deep Throat was strongly suspected by some"
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"Watergate source known as ""Deep Throat,"" some believed that Mardian had been the informant. When Felt was revealed to have been the source, Mardian told the ""Arizona Republic"" that Felt ""betrayed his position"" by leaking to the ""Washington Post"". Mardian died of complications from lung cancer on July 17, 2006, at his vacation home in San Clemente, California. Robert Mardian Robert Charles Mardian (October 23, 1923 – July 17, 2006) was a United States Republican party official who served in the administration of Richard Nixon, and was embroiled in the Watergate scandal as one of the Watergate Seven who were"
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"wanted to create the perception that Gray ""could not control the FBI"". This could result in Nixon's firing Gray, leaving Felt as the obvious choice to run the agency. Holland said this plan (if it was one) backfired as Nixon and his team found out that Felt was the leaker. Felt died at home, in his sleep, on December 18, 2008. He was 95 years old and his death was attributed to heart failure. Mark Felt William Mark Felt Sr. (August 17, 1913 – December 18, 2008) was a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) special agent and Associate Director, the"
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"and how the scandal unfolded, going behind the scenes of the film. It explores how the Watergate scandal would be covered in the present day, whether such a scandal could happen again, and who Richard Nixon was as a man. W. Mark Felt, Deputy Director of the FBI during the early 1970s, revealed in 2005 his role as Deep Throat during the investigation; this is also covered. Footage from the film is used, as well as interviews with central characters and actors such as Woodward, Bernstein, Redford, Hoffman, Bradlee and John Dean and also with contemporary media figures such as"
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"treason and spent 18 years in prison, including more than 11 years in solitary confinement. At the awards ceremony for the 200 metres at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City John Carlos, Tommie Smith and Peter Norman ignored death threats and official warnings to take part in an anti-racism protest that destroyed their respective careers. W. Mark Felt an agent of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation who retired in 1973 as the Bureau's Associate Director, acted on conscience to provide reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein with information that resulted in the Watergate scandal. Conscience was a"
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"encounter at a hotel swimming pool and quotes their entire Watergate-related conversation: ""The Watergate thing is a hell of a thing,"" he said. ""You bet it is, Fred,"" I answered. ""We're going to investigate the hell out of it."" That was all either of us said about it. For the first six months of the investigation, Gray remained heavily involved. It was only when it became apparent that the White House was involved that Gray recused himself from the investigation and handed control over to Mark Felt. On June 23, 1972, White House Chief of Staff Bob Haldeman and President"
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"many articles pointing to him as the possible identity of Deep Throat, Bob Woodward's confidential source in the Executive Branch. Woodward's source was conclusively identified in 2005 as being Mark Felt, the second-in-command at the Federal Bureau of Investigation during the investigation into the Watergate scandal. Clawson died in New Orleans at the age of 63 on December 18, 1999. He was survived by his wife Carol, three living children, his mother and sister, along with six grandchildren. He had suffered from poor health following a stroke in 1975, the year after he left the White House. Ken W. Clawson"
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"much of The Post’s Watergate coverage. According to Bob Woodward's 2005 book ""The Secret Man"", Downie was one of the few people to know the true identity of Watergate scandal informant Deep Throat before it was revealed to be Mark Felt. Downie was named London correspondent in 1979 and worked in this capacity until mid-1982, covering the rise of Margaret Thatcher, the troubles in Northern Ireland, the royal wedding of Prince Charles and Princess Diana and the Falklands War. He returned to Washington in 1982 as National Editor. He became Managing Editor in 1984. He became Executive Editor in 1991,"
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"all his appearances. After the character was killed, Steven Williams was introduced in the second season episode ""The Host"" to portray his successor, X. The creation of Deep Throat was inspired by the historical Deep Throat, Mark Felt, who leaked information on the Watergate scandal, and by Donald Sutherland's character X in the film ""JFK"". Series creator Chris Carter has stated that the character of Deep Throat was ""of course"" inspired by the historical Deep Throat. The real Deep Throat was an informant leaking information on the FBI's investigation of the Watergate scandal to journalists Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward."
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"practice in Connecticut. After his time in Washington, Gray returned to practicing law at the firm of Suisman, Shapiro, Wool, Brennan, Gray & Greenberg (SSWBGG) in New London, Connecticut. Deputy Director Mark Felt claimed to be Deep Throat in a 2005 ""Vanity Fair"" article, the infamous source of leaks to Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein. Woodward, Bernstein, and ""Post"" executive editor Benjamin C. Bradlee confirmed the claim. Gray spoke about the Watergate scandal for the first time in 32 years on June 26, 2005, mere days before his death from pancreatic cancer. He told ABC's ""This Week"" that he was"
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"for Richard Nixon, H. R. Haldeman, also concluded that Fielding was Deep Throat. That speculation ended after former top Federal Bureau of Investigation official W. Mark Felt announced in May 2005 that he was the mysterious Watergate informant, as later confirmed by Woodward, Bernstein and Executive Editor Ben Bradlee in a statement released through ""The Washington Post"". He was the Counsel to the President for President Ronald Reagan from 1981 to 1986. Fielding served on the Tribunal on the U.S.-UK Air Treaty Dispute (1989–1994), George H.W. Bush's Commission on Federal Ethics Law Reform (1989) and Secretary of Transportation Rodney E."
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"the film and also produced it, along with Scott Free Productions, Playtone, and Cara Films, and producers Ridley Scott, Goetzman, Hanks, Giannina Scott, Marc Butan, Christopher Woodrow, Roach, and Landesman. On November 5, 2015, Diane Lane was cast to play Felt's brilliant and troubled wife, Audrey, who shares the burden of Felt's dangerous dilemma about the White House's Watergate scandal. On November 6, 2015, Jason Bateman joined the film to play an FBI agent and Felt lieutenant, Charlie Bates, who suspects that Felt is leaking classified information on the Watergate investigation. On December 9, 2015, Maika Monroe also joined the"
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"revealed to be Mark Felt, associate director at the FBI—to link the men to the Nixon administration. Nixon downplayed the scandal as mere politics, calling news articles biased and misleading. A series of revelations made it clear that the Committee to Re-elect President Nixon, and later the White House, was involved in attempts to sabotage the Democrats. Senior aides such as White House Counsel John Dean faced prosecution; in total 48 officials were convicted of wrongdoing. In July 1973, White House aide Alexander Butterfield testified under oath to Congress that Nixon had a secret taping system that recorded his conversations"
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"Frank Wills (security guard) Frank Wills (February 4, 1948 – September 27, 2000) was an American security guard best known for his role in foiling the June 17, 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee inside the Watergate complex in Washington, D.C. Then 24, Wills called the police after discovering that locks at the complex had been tampered with. Five men were arrested inside the Democratic headquarters, which they had planned to bug. The arrests triggered the Watergate scandal and eventually the resignation of President Richard M. Nixon in 1974. Hailed as a hero, Wills later struggled with his celebrity"
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"1972, 11 days after the Watergate burglary, that had come from convicted Watergate conspirator E. Howard Hunt's safe, given to him by White House counsel John Dean. Gray remained publicly silent about the Watergate scandal for 32 years, speaking to the press only once, near the end of his life; this was shortly after Gray's direct subordinate at the FBI, FBI Deputy Director Mark Felt, unexpectedly proclaimed himself to have been the secret source to ""The Washington Post"" known as ""Deep Throat"". Gray was born on July 18, 1916 in St. Louis, Missouri, the eldest son of Louis Patrick Gray,"
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"to Watergate Hotel burglar James W. McCord, Jr. in an attempt to prevent McCord from testifying against the administration. McCord was eventually sentenced to prison for his involvement in Watergate. Caulfield testified before the United States Senate Watergate Committee but avoided prosecution. Before testifying, he resigned from the ATF after serving only nine months. Caulfield's later career was as an executive at an aerosol valve plant in Yonkers, New York. The plant was owned by Robert Abplanalp, a close friend of Nixon's. Caulfield died in 2012 in Vero Beach, Florida, survived by his wife, two sons, and nine grandchildren. Jack"
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"and burn the White House tapes. Buchanan remained as a special assistant to Nixon through the final days of the Watergate scandal. He was not accused of wrongdoing, though some mistakenly suspected him of being Deep Throat. In 2005 when the actual identity of the press leak was revealed as Federal Bureau of Investigation Associate Director Mark Felt, Buchanan called him ""sneaky,"" ""dishonest"" and ""criminal."" Because of his role in the Nixon campaign's ""attack group,"" Buchanan appeared before the Senate Watergate Committee on September 26, 1973. He told the panel: ""The mandate that the American people gave to this president"
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"But the next time there may be no watchman in the night."" Frank Wills (security guard) Frank Wills (February 4, 1948 – September 27, 2000) was an American security guard best known for his role in foiling the June 17, 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee inside the Watergate complex in Washington, D.C. Then 24, Wills called the police after discovering that locks at the complex had been tampered with. Five men were arrested inside the Democratic headquarters, which they had planned to bug. The arrests triggered the Watergate scandal and eventually the resignation of President Richard M. Nixon"
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"methods were an unnecessary distraction from the work of the FBI and showed a lack of leadership. He believed that he was not the only career manager at the FBI who disapproved of Gray's methods, particularly among those who had served under Hoover. As Associate Director, Felt saw everything compiled on Watergate before it was given to Gray. The Agent in Charge, Charles Nuzum, sent his findings to Investigative Division Head Robert Gebhardt, who passed the information on to Felt. From the day of the break-in, June 17, 1972, until the FBI investigation was mostly completed in June 1973, Felt"
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"the Watergate scandal. In 1970 Nelson wrote a story about how the Federal Bureau of Investigation and police in Meridian, Mississippi shot two Ku Klux Klan members in a sting bankrolled by the local Jewish community. One of the Klan members, a woman, died in the ambush. The head of the FBI, J. Edgar Hoover, tried to kill the story, which appeared on Page One, by smearing Nelson, falsely, as an alcoholic. Nelson played an important role in uncovering the truth about the Orangeburg Massacre. He discussed current events on television and radio news shows. Jack Nelson died of pancreatic"
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"the Justice Department, Rehnquist was mentioned for many years as a possibility for the source known as Deep Throat during the Watergate scandal. Once Bob Woodward revealed on May 31, 2005, that W. Mark Felt was Deep Throat, this speculation ended. It was William Rehnquist who determined that Government National Mortgage Association guarantees constituted a full faith and credit promise of the United States. In fall 1971, Nixon received the resignations of two Supreme Court justices, Hugo Black and John Marshall Harlan II. After compiling an initial list of possible appointees that ran afoul of Chief Justice Burger and the"
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"chief. At the time of his retirement in 1983, he was president of the National Conference of State Liquor Administrators. Nuzum was also a valued member of the ""Society of Former Special Agents of the FBI."" In 2008, Nuzum suffered an accidental fall. He was hospitalized at Tallahassee Memorial Hospital, where he died on August 2. Charles Nuzum Charles ""Charlie"" A. Nuzum (1923 – 2 August 2008) was in the FBI and in charge of an investigation involving the Watergate scandal. Nuzum was chief of the FBI's bankruptcy, antitrust and wiretapping unit at the time of the break-in at the"
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"actor Ned Beatty played him as a ""buffoon"". Martin Dardis Martin F. Dardis (November 25, 1922 – May 16, 2006) was an American soldier, policeman, investigator and reporter. As the chief investigator for the Dade County, Florida state attorney in 1972, he was a key figure in the Watergate scandal, linking the Watergate burglars to President Richard Nixon's reelection campaign. He passed this information along to ""Washington Post"" reporter Carl Bernstein. Later, as a reporter for ""Sports Illustrated"", he broke the story of baseball player Pete Rose's gambling. Born in Endicott, New York, Dardis dropped out of high school with"
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"in ""total shock, total disbelief"" when asked about Felt's claim. ""It was like I was hit with a tremendous sledgehammer."" Gray died on July 6, 2005. He was working on his memoirs with his son Edward Gray, using his extensive and never-released personal Watergate files. His son finished the book ""In Nixon's Web: A Year in the Crosshairs of Watergate"", which disputes the claim that Felt was Deep Throat, citing Woodward's own notes and other evidence as proof that Deep Throat was a fictional composite made up of several Woodward sources, only one of whom was Felt. In 2009, Bob"
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"cast, as Felt's daughter Joan. On April 29, 2016, a complete cast was announced; Tony Goldwyn as FBI intel chief Ed Miller; Kate Walsh as Miller's wife, Pat; Josh Lucas as Charlie Bates, replacing Bateman; Michael C. Hall as John Dean; Marton Csokas and Tom Sizemore as Felt's rivals at the FBI, Pat Gray and Bill Sullivan, respectively; Wendi McLendon-Covey as Felt's secretary, Carol Tschudy; Ike Barinholtz as head of the Watergate investigation, Angelo Lano; Bruce Greenwood as ""Time"" magazine reporter Sandy Smith; Brian d'Arcy James as FBI special agent Robert Kunkel; Noah Wyle as Stan Pottinger; and Colm Meaney"
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"1972 to January 1973. Prior to resigning from the FBI on June 22, 1973, Felt also anonymously planted leaks about Watergate with ""Time"" magazine, the ""Washington Daily News"" and other publications. During this early period, most of the media failed to grasp the full implications of the scandal, and concentrated reporting on other topics related to the 1972 presidential election. Most outlets ignored or downplayed Woodward and Bernstein's scoops; the crosstown ""Washington Star-News"" and the ""Los Angeles Times"" even ran stories incorrectly discrediting the ""Post's"" articles. After the ""Post"" revealed that H.R. Haldeman made payments from the secret fund, newspapers"
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"The FBI Pyramid The FBI Pyramid: From the Inside is a 1979 non-fiction book by, W. Mark Felt. Mark Felt was the Associate Director of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the effective second in command to J. Edgar Hoover and subsequently L. Patrick Gray III. The book chronicles the FBI bureaucracy during the 1960s and 1970s. The book gained interest in 2005, with the revelation that Felt was ""Deep Throat"", the Watergate scandal whistleblower who assisted ""Washington Post"" reporter Bob Woodward in his and Carl Bernstein's investigation. By 2005, Felt was in declining health and unable or"
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"Watergate, he returned to public service after being named special counsel to new Vice President Nelson Rockefeller, a position he held from 1974 to 1977. From 1977 to 1988 he was a partner and senior counselor with the accounting firm of Coopers & Lybrand and also maintained a law practice in Meadville. He served briefly as president of his alma mater, Allegheny College, from 1985 to 1986, and on the Council on Foreign Relations. Shafer died at the age of 89 in Meadville, Pennsylvania, on December 12, 2006. He was buried with military honors at St. John's Cemetery in Union"
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"Felt was Deep Throat. Colson expressed disapproval in Felt's role in the Watergate scandal, first in the context of Felt being an FBI employee who should have known better than to disclose the results of a government investigation to the press (violating a fundamental tenet of FBI culture), and second in the context of the trust placed in him (which demanded a more active response, such as a face-to-face confrontation with the FBI director or Nixon or, had that failed, public resignation). His criticism of Felt provoked a harsh response from former ""Washington Post"" executive editor Benjamin Bradlee, one of"
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"as Mark Felt, the whistleblower Deep Throat who exposed President Nixon. Diane Lane played Felt's wife, Audrey. The film was released September 29, 2017 by Sony Pictures Classics. In October 2008, Warner Bros. acquired the rights to an action thriller Colombian hostage pitch, and set Landesman to write the script of the film. In June 2011, it was reported that David O. Russell and Brad Pitt were in talks to direct and star in the film, respectively. The film about 15 hostages in the Colombian jungle was titled as ""The Mission"". In October 2013, Landesman was set to re-write and"
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"for acts of corruption and cronyism. Albert Fall was responsible for the Teapot Dome scandal. Teapot Dome was considered America’s biggest political scandal up until Watergate. The group met regularly at the infamous Little Green House on K Street. Also associated with the secret hide out was Jesse W. Smith who was said to have committed suicide because he faced scrutiny from Harding’s supporters about his activities. There is no information that proves that Harding knew of the scandals that were going on during his time in office. He may not have learned much of it until the eve of"
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"attorney acting on Felt's behalf. Felt reportedly said, ""I'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat."" After the ""Vanity Fair"" story broke, Woodward, Bernstein, and Benjamin C. Bradlee, the ""Post""s executive editor during Watergate, confirmed Felt's identity as Deep Throat. L. Patrick Gray, former acting Director of the FBI and Felt's boss, disputed Felt's claim in his book ""In Nixon's Web"", co-written with his son Ed Gray. Gray and others have argued that Deep Throat was a compilation of sources characterized as one person in order to improve sales of the book and movie. Woodward and Bernstein, however, defended"
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"cancer at his home in Bethesda, Maryland on October 21, 2009, aged 80. Jack Nelson (journalist) John Howard ""Jack"" Nelson (October 11, 1929 – October 21, 2009) was an American journalist. He was praised for his coverage of the Watergate scandal, in particular, and he was described by ""New York Times"" editor Gene Roberts as ""one of the most effective reporters in the civil rights era."" He won a Pulitzer Prize in 1960. Born in Talladega, Alabama, Nelson's father ran a fruit store during the Great Depression. He moved with his family to Georgia and eventually to Biloxi, Mississippi, where"
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What is the name of the Christmas Poo, who emerges from the toilet bowl on Christmas Eve and brings presents to good boys and girls whose diets have been high in fiber, who appears on TVs South Park?
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"Kyle's song and some of Kenny's antics, but said the episode was not as funny as ""The Spirit of Christmas"" shorts. Rohan said ""South Park"" ""can be brilliantly over the edge, but often tonight, it sorely needs a comic bungee cord"". In 2003, the Chicago-based ""RedEye"" ranked ""Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo"" the greatest ""South Park"" episode. In October 2004, the Comedy Central website held a poll to determine the top 27 ""South Park"" episodes for a television marathon; ""Mr Hankey, the Christmas Poo"" came third, just behind ""Good Times with Weapons"" at #2 and ""Fat Butt and Pancake Head"""
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"the naughty list is a way to scare them to behave. However, Sniffer (Tim Conway) replies that Christmas is about giving and a holiday they must learn to respect. Puppy Paws makes it to Fernfield to find Budderball in his home. Budderball introduces Puppy Paws to his brothers and sister. The North Pole puppy causes trouble to each of the Buddies: Budderball gets framed for eating the shortbread cookies as he tries to get back on the nice list, B-Dawg gets beaten by Puppy Paws at dancing and breaks a vase, Puppy Paws shakes dirt out of his fur in"
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"would call ""The Spirit of Christmas"". With backing from Mayor McDaniels, worried about South Park's economic state, the boys set about using cut-out animation to create their cartoon. Meanwhile, Cornwallis, who has sunk further into depression, reveals his feelings to his father, who comforts him by singing ""The Circle of Poo"". This shows how poo is the lifeblood of the whole planet, and the song even finishes with Mr. Hankey holding up Cornwallis atop a cliff. Rejuvenated, Cornwallis and the others begin preparing the dilapidated drive-in for the screening. After Cartman accidentally destroys a frame of the cartoon and quits"
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"""The Circle of Poo"" that shows the endless circle of food and defecation in the episode ""A Very Crappy Christmas"". It is currently the main theme song for Disney's Animal Kingdom at the Walt Disney World Resort. Disney's Epcot park currently features a cinema-type film called """" from 1995 with Timon, Pumbaa, and Simba discussing environmental topics at the Walt Disney World Resort as well. At the 2011 White House Correspondents' Dinner, President Barack Obama jokingly claimed he was going to show his long-form birth video, spoofing an earlier controversy about refusing to show his long-form birth certificate to prove"
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"was more efficient to have both cakes the same color, and they decided to color both cakes in each package pink. Other colors (sometimes with their own names) besides pink were sold at particular times of the year, including: In television and movie references, Sno Balls are often used as an emblematic ""junk food,"" or as a means of communicating caring from one person to another. Used to connotate caring, Sno Balls appear in Con Air, where the protagonist, Cameron Poe (played by Nicolas Cage), narrates a letter to his wife, in which he informs her: ""I got your package."
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"by ""South Park"" co-creator Trey Parker. It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on February 11, 1998. It is considered the show's first Valentine's Day episode, since it came out three days before Valentine's Day and involved semi-romantic plot-lines. Natasha Henstridge makes a guest appearance as substitute teacher Ms. Ellen. Following the success of ""Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo"", a large number of celebrities started contacting Comedy Central with the hopes of making guest appearances in ""South Park"" episodes, allowing Parker and fellow co-creator Matt Stone to practically take their pick of guest stars. Parker asked for"
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"""Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo"" episode. Parker said he and Stone did not intend for ""Damien"" to be offensive to Christians or any other religion: ""In ""South Park"", Jesus is a great guy, he's on our show, and in this episode he's the hero. We're not in the business of offending people. We're in the business of making people laugh."" The mean way Damien is treated by his fellow students when he joins the school, as well as Damien's reactions to the treatment, were inspired by Parker's experience of the second grade, when he started at a Cheyenne, Wyoming elementary"
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"Spoo Spoo is a fictional foodstuff that served as a running joke within the ""Babylon 5"" science fiction television series. In the series' fictional universe, spoo is made from worm-like creatures of the same name and is generally regarded as the most delicious food in the galaxy; the creature itself, however, is regarded with contempt by most species. Despite appearing only in a few episodes, spoo was embraced by fans and became part of the series' extended mythology. Use of the word ""spoo"" to denote a foodstuff predates ""Babylon 5"", which began airing in 1993. The show's creator J. Michael"
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"is a special time of year that should include things special items, so Pooh and the gang set off to find those very items. The special originally aired Thanksgiving Day 1998 at 8 pm on ABC. It reaired every year on Thanksgiving until 2003. According to TVTango.com's ratings database, the first airing brought in a 3.8 household Nielsen rating. The video has been released by itself in the United States, with the exception of specially released tapes that were given to members of the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences for that year's show. It was released as part of"
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"a couple with supplies from Kmart. The icon is a character in 2017's ""The Emoji Movie"", voiced by Patrick Stewart. Pile of Poo emoji , also known just simply as Poo (on iOS devices), is an emoji resembling a coiled pile of feces, usually adorned with eyes and a ""friendly smile"". It is used to convey dissatisfaction. The emoji is in the Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs Unicode block: . In 1998 or 1999, Japanese mobile operators NTT DoCoMo, au, and SoftBank Mobile each defined their own variants of emoji using proprietary standards, the first of which was created by NTT"
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"A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving is a 1998 made-for-TV special featuring the voice talents of Jim Cummings, Paul Winchell, and John Fiedler. The special shows Pooh and his friends learning the true meaning of Thanksgiving. It was nominated for Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Children's Program. It's Thanksgiving in the Hundred Acre Wood and Winnie the Pooh and his friends bring food for the big dinner. Piglet brings haycorns (acorns), Pooh brings honey, Owl brings biscuits, Tigger brings ice cream, Gopher brings lemonade, and Eeyore brings thistles. But things change when Rabbit informs them that Thanksgiving"
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"is Spoo. And in the morning it's Spoo. Cause in the evening it's Spoo. I like the way that it tastes. It's blue meatballs in greyish paste..."" Spoo Spoo is a fictional foodstuff that served as a running joke within the ""Babylon 5"" science fiction television series. In the series' fictional universe, spoo is made from worm-like creatures of the same name and is generally regarded as the most delicious food in the galaxy; the creature itself, however, is regarded with contempt by most species. Despite appearing only in a few episodes, spoo was embraced by fans and became part"
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"in a stroller. In the episode ""Dance Fever"" it is revealed that the pig's name is Rosie. The wild animals are a hare, squirrels, hedgehogs, and two wolves. Masha and a certain Hare (in the episode 'One, two three! Light the Christmas Tree' the present list of Father Frost in English describes this creature as 'Bunny') often play hockey together (and make a mess or accidentally hurt someone), and the Hare is occasionally an antagonist of the Bear, due to stealing carrots from the Bear's garden. The two Wolves live in a derelict ambulance car on top of a hill"
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"Christmas Who? ""Christmas Who?"" (also known as ""The SpongeBob Christmas Special"") is a ""SpongeBob SquarePants"" special episode from season two. The episode aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on December 6, 2000. It is the series' first double-length episode. The episode marks the first appearance of both Patchy the Pirate and his pet parrot, Potty. The episode follows SpongeBob as he learns what Christmas is about, and as he creates excitement for everyone in Bikini Bottom. In Encino, California, the French Narrator introduces the president of the SpongeBob SquarePants fan club, Patchy the Pirate (played by Tom Kenny), a"
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"festival for his fudge cookie recipes. At night, as Kyle uses the restroom, he hears Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo calling to him from the toilet. Kyle persuades Stan, Cartman, and Kenny to help him find Mr. Hankey; they enter the sewer system to look for him. They soon find Mr. Hankey, who tells Kyle that the influx of all the Hollywood tourists, with their health-food diets, has disrupted the ecosystem of the sewer, which has made him deathly ill. Kyle and the others appear before a film's showing, and Kyle pleads with the Hollywood visitors to understand that their"
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"their letter failed to reach Santa and that Pooh dressed up as Santa to bring gifts to his friends, but was unsuccessful. After a second failed attempt to deliver their letter, he returns with the bad news, but his friends say that he is more important than presents until Christopher Robin arrives with their presents. The next day, it is Christmas Day and everyone heads outside to have fun. Piglet gives Pooh some honey pots as a Christmas present. Pooh suddenly begins searching for his own, but the search lasts until New Year's Eve, when Pooh hears Christopher Robin calling"
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"no rope is too long."" On the next one, he holds a giant red hoop with stains just before she pours ""Soapy Cooper's Super Souped-Up Hoop Soak Suds"" hoop detergent into a giant vat to dissolve the stubborn stains off of it which will be squeaky clean. In the twenty-first one, at Christmas brunch, Santa Claus serves a boy and his dog a bowl full of sickening green mush, much to their disgust. In the twenty-second one, the boy sees his father Jim floating in the water, wearing a pair of swim fins which is his perfect Christmas gift. In"
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"Even though Pooh doesn't feel like he deserves his gift, he gives Robin a hug as they celebrate Christmas. When ""Winnie the Pooh and Christmas Too"" originally aired, it was introduced by way of a short introductory skit featuring Michael Eisner and the Disneyland walk-around versions of the ""Winnie the Pooh"" characters. The special was then accompanied by the Donald Duck cartoons ""The Hockey Champ"" and ""Bearly Asleep"", as well as a promo for ""Beauty and the Beast"". The first airing of the special ranked 53rd out of 92 shows that week, averaging a 10.8/20 rating/share, ranking second place in"
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"the VHS cassette """" along with select episodes of ""The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh"" in 1999. A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving is a 1998 made-for-TV special featuring the voice talents of Jim Cummings, Paul Winchell, and John Fiedler. The special shows Pooh and his friends learning the true meaning of Thanksgiving. It was nominated for Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Children's Program. It's Thanksgiving in the Hundred Acre Wood and Winnie the Pooh and his friends bring food for the big dinner. Piglet brings haycorns (acorns), Pooh brings honey, Owl brings biscuits, Tigger brings"
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"to her at their table. Used as prototypical junk food, Sno Balls made a cameo on the sitcom Cheers, season 9, episode 25, where the character Woody Boyd, played by Woody Harrelson, (whose character in Zombieland, mentioned below, disliked Snoballs) announces that ""Sno Balls are better because they're bite-sized"" and proceeds to stuff the entire cake into his mouth. In Gilmore Girls, Season 4, Episode 9 (""Ted Koppel's Big Night Out), Lorelai Gilmore (played by Lauren Graham) and Jason Stiles (played by Chris Eigeman) go on a date at a grocery store. Jason says he was curious about the Sno"
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"to find Paws as a stuffed animal. Gus drives the reindeer sled to the toy store, so that they could rush back to the North Pole to save him with the magic icicle. With Christmas around the corner, the icicle doesn't have enough power to spare. Santa mourns over the loss of his best friend, which caused the magic to flow and turn Paws back into a full-grown dog named Santa Paws (Mitchel Musso) and Christmas is back on. Since Ms. Stout left the children alone and Will and Quinn are missing, Eli had informed Mrs. Gibson from Child Services,"
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"is where the special currently airs, usually twice, in December. The original broadcasts included references to the sponsor, Coca-Cola. Subsequent broadcasts and home media releases have excised all references to Coca-Cola products. Later subsequent broadcasts of the special also had some scenes, animation, including sound effects being redone for correction. Snoopy's dog bowl was given a new color, Charlie Brown no longer looked off-model in Lucy's psychiatric booth, new animation was placed in scenes where Charlie Brown was giving directions at the auditorium, the hearts when Sally gets enamored in Linus were redone, and Snoopy no longer sings like a"
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"the non-denominational Christmas play. Stone and Parker both strongly dislike Glass; Parker, who was a music major in college, said, ""I really thought you could basically tell a third grader to sit down at a keyboard and mess around and sell it as a Philip Glass album, and no one would know the difference."" The do-it-yourself kit in the live action commercial, in which families can make their own Mr. Hankey, is similar to the Mr. Potato Head toy set. Slack, the popular messaging software, also uses the word ""hankey"" as a shortcut for the Pile of Poo emoji. Although"
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"a teenager who is using marijuana and stealing his father's beer. ""Winnie the Pooh and Christmas Too"" is a Christmas television special based on the television series ""The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh"", originally broadcast on Saturday, December 14, 1991 on ABC. ""Boo to You Too! Winnie the Pooh"" is a Halloween television special based on the Saturday morning television series ""The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh"", originally broadcast on October 25, 1996. ""A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving"" is a 1998 made-for-TV special featuring the voice talents of Jim Cummings, Paul Winchell, and John Fiedler. The special shows"
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"and they are unable to get rid of him. Following its broadcast, the episode received mixed reviews from critics. The Simpson family is enjoying “Krusty’s Kristmas on Ice” (in an indoor ice rink), starring Elvis Stojko. The main act features a reindeer, a candy cane, and a snowman who are all fretting over a green monster named Grumple, who advances upon the other Christmas characters, threatening to steal their Holiday Cheer (Grumple references the ""Grinch"" from Dr. Seuss' book), the characters mistakenly stumble backward over a wooden basketball court setup crew led by The Sarcastic Middle-Aged Clerk. All the Christmas"
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"The companies Fun 4 All, Mezco Toyz, and Mirage have produced various South Park action figures, collectibles, and plush dolls. Comedy Central entered into an agreement with Frito-Lay to sell 1.5 million bags of Cheesy Poofs, Cartman's favorite snack from the show, at Walmart until the premiere of the second half of the fifteenth season on October 5, 2011. South Park South Park is an American adult animated sitcom created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone and developed by Brian Graden for the Comedy Central television network. The show revolves around four boys—Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman, and Kenny"
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"live-action character who is preparing for Christmas, along with his ""pet,"" Potty the Parrot (voiced by series' creator Stephen Hillenburg), a crudely made puppet with very obvious strings. Patchy receives a fan letter from a person, asking if SpongeBob likes Christmas as much as he does. Patchy explains that they did not always celebrate Christmas in Bikini Bottom, and decides to show how they were introduced to it, beginning the proper episode. While heading to the treedome of Sandy Cheeks for a surprise visit, SpongeBob SquarePants is horrified to see her electrifying the tree with an arrangement of colored Christmas"
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"canoe."" Soiled diapers are hung from mantelpieces in lieu of Christmas stockings while another tradition calls for filling of one's uncle's boots with coleslaw. It is hoped that the Gilded Yak, who lives at the ""West Pole"" and who appears via the drain of the bathtub, will leave shaving cream scum in the bathroom sink. ""Ren & Stimpy's Crock O' Christmas"" was re-released on compact disc August 5, 1997 on the Kid Rhino Entertainment record label. As in the case with later episodes of the television program, Billy West provided the speaking and singing voices of both Ren and Stimpy."
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"the Christmas Poo"", ""Merry Christmas, Charlie Manson!"", ""Mr. Hankey's Christmas Classics"", ""Korn's Groovy Pirate Ghost Mystery"" and ""Pinkeye"". The episode, along with the other twelve from the first season, was also included in the DVD release ""South Park: The Complete First Season"", which was released on November 12, 2002. Parker and Stone recorded commentary tracks for each episode, but they were not included with the DVDs due to ""standards"" issues with some of the statements; Parker and Stone refused to allow the tracks to be edited and censored, so they were released in a CD separate from the DVDs. In"
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"Knowing that the rest of the gang will not get their presents as a result of this, Pooh tells Piglet they must take it into their hands to make sure the gifts are delivered. Pooh sneaks out and delivers Tigger, Rabbit, and Eeyore a super-bouncer barrel, a bug sprayer, and a mobile home, respectively - or rather, handmade versions of the said items that break apart upon use. Demanding to know what is going on, the three of them corner Pooh, who says that he is Santa. However, Piglet, disguised as a ""sorry-lookin' reindeer"", slips and makes his sled fall"
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"primitively-made cartoon is that Joe, the smallest of the three, and very boyish-looking, has a deep bass voice. Chorus: The program is available on DVD from the Museum of Broadcast Communications. A new generation of animation lovers was introduced to this Christmas classic via the short-lived Comedy Central television series, TV Funhouse, a spin-off of the recurring Saturday Night Live cartoons. In the series' third episode, """"Christmas Day"""", the Hardrock, Coco, and Joe short is satirized under the name ""Christmas With Tingles"" in which an elf named Tingles magically spreads tension and guilt during the Christmas season. Aside from the"
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"and she was a jerk, too. SpongeBob accidentally drops a piece of fruitcake in Sandy's Christmas Magic Analyzer, which shows that it is filled with Jerktonium. He and Sandy discover the antidote for Jerktonium to cure the grumpy residents in Bikini Bottom is a song called ""Don't Be a Jerk (It's Christmas!)."" SpongeBob sings it, bringing back the residents' Christmas spirit. Unfortunately, it was too late when Santa arrives and states that everyone is on his naughty list, except for Plankton, who is the only nice person there is, which has earned him the Krabby Patty formula, much to Mr."
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"Santa in the mall who turns out to be a Schakal. He panics when he finds that Nick is a Grimm and runs. Nick goes after him and tackles him while people film the event, reaching news reports. Nick and Hank asks Monroe about it and Monroe quickly deduces that the creature is Krampus. Krampus is a creature that takes the ""naughty"" people and subdues them to take them to a forest and then hangs them from the tallest tree as punishment for their actions. He also adds that when the Winter Solstice arrives, he will devour those children. To"
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What is the name of the King of Halloween Town who tries to take over Christmas in the Disney movie The Nightmare Before Christmas?
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"'zing' that the unique license could have afforded."" The Nightmare Before Christmas: The Pumpkin King , is a game for the Game Boy Advance released in 2005. The events of the game take place before those of the movie, ""The Nightmare Before Christmas"". The story tells of Jack's first encounter with his , Oogie Boogie, and how he claimed the title of ""The Pumpkin King"". This game was released at the same time in North America as """". The game starts with Jack Skellington preparing for Halloween, approximately one year before the events of ""The Nightmare Before Christmas"". Unfortunately, Oogie"
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"Jack Skellington Jack Skellington is a character and the main protagonist of the 1993 film ""The Nightmare Before Christmas"". Jack is the ""Pumpkin King"" of Halloween Town, a fantasy world based solely on the Halloween holiday. Jack is voiced by Chris Sarandon. Danny Elfman provided Jack's singing voice in the film, although Sarandon has sung as Jack in subsequent productions. His overall appearance is a skeleton dressed in a black pin-striped suit and a bow tie that strongly resembles a black bat. Originally, his suit was meant to be completely black, but it blended with the background too well, so"
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"This Is Halloween ""This Is Halloween"" is a song from the 1993 film, ""The Nightmare Before Christmas"", with music and lyrics written by Danny Elfman. In the film it is performed by the residents of the fictional ""Halloween Town"", which is the film's main setting, and introduces the town's Halloween-centered lifestyle. The song is featured in both ""HalloWishes"" at the Magic Kingdom and at Disneyland's ""Halloween Screams"". In Calaway Park, it is featured in the haunted mansion. It is also used as the background music for the Halloween Town world in the video game ""Kingdom Hearts"". The song is featured"
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"six feet tall and sold exclusively at Spirit Halloween. In the ""Disney Infinity"" toys-to-life series, Jack appears as part of the second wave of playable figurines. Jamie Frater adds, ""Jack is perfectly realized as the 'town hero' who seeks more in his life (or death, as it may be), a place we all find ourselves time to time."" UGO Networks listed Jack as one of their best heroes of all time. Jack Skellington Jack Skellington is a character and the main protagonist of the 1993 film ""The Nightmare Before Christmas"". Jack is the ""Pumpkin King"" of Halloween Town, a fantasy"
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"to look for new frights. After Jack leaves, Lock, Shock, and Barrel bring Oogie Boogie back to life by sewing him together again. He seizes control of Halloween Town, tricking its citizens into making traps, brainwashes Dr. Finkelstein, imprisons Sally in a crypt, and captures five of the seven Holiday World leaders. Oogie plans to become the ""Seven-Holidays King"" once he takes control of Christmas Town. But on December 23, Sally manages to send a magical paper airplane to find Jack to warn him of what has happened. Jack returns to Halloween Town on Christmas Eve, just to find Oogie's"
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"red lobster-like king who flies at night named ""Sandy Claws"". Jack sequesters himself in his tower to study Christmas and find a way to rationally explain it, but cannot. He ultimately decides that it's unfair for Christmas Town alone to enjoy the holiday and announces that he and the citizens of Halloween Town will take over Christmas this year. Jack assigns the citizens of Halloween Town Christmas-themed jobs, including singing carols, making presents, and building a sleigh to be pulled by skeletal reindeer. Sally, a beautiful rag doll woman that is secretly in love with Jack, feels that their efforts"
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"The downloadable content can be bought from console stores (e.g. the PlayStation Store). The package included the costumes of which some could be found in the downloaded level. Unlike the worlds originally in the game which all had 3 chapters, the Nightmare Before Christmas world only had 1 chapter called 'Halloween Graveyard'. Jack Skellington appears in four installments of the ""Kingdom Hearts"" video game series. He inhabits the world of Halloween Town, where the evil Heartless threatens its denizens. The games' main protagonists, Sora, Donald Duck and Goofy, befriend Jack and together they battle the Heartless, and also Oogie Boogie."
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"Glenn Shadix William Glenn Shadix Scott (April 15, 1952 – September 7, 2010) was an American actor and voice actor known for his role as Otho in Tim Burton's horror comedy film ""Beetlejuice"" and as the voice of the Mayor of Halloween Town in ""The Nightmare Before Christmas"". Shadix was born in Bessemer, Alabama. He added the surname ""Scott"" when his mother, Annie Ruth (Livingston), remarried a few years after his birth. He attended Birmingham-Southern College for two years, studying with absurdist playwright-director Arnold Powell. He lived in Manhattan, New York City prior to moving to Hollywood in the late"
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"its sister show, ""Halloween Screams"" at Disneyland, the Haunted Mansion Holiday (also at Disneyland), the ""Hocus Pocus Villain Spelltacular"" (at Magic Kingdom) and subsequent video games including """", """" and the ""Kingdom Hearts"" series. Ken Page Kenneth Page (born January 20, 1954) is an American cabaret singer and actor. Page is best known as the voice of Oogie Boogie, the main antagonist of Tim Burton's ""The Nightmare Before Christmas"", creating the eponymous role of ""Ken"" in the original Broadway production of ""Ain't Misbehavin'"", King Gator from Don Bluth's All Dogs Go To Heaven, and playing the role of ""Old Deuteronomy"""
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"leader of the town, leads them in organizing the annual Halloween celebrations. However, privately Jack has grown weary of the same routine year after year and wants something new. Wandering in the woods the morning after Halloween, he stumbles across seven trees containing doors leading to towns representing various holidays, and opens a portal to Christmas Town. Awed by the unfamiliar holiday, Jack returns to Halloween Town to show the residents his findings, but they fail to grasp the idea of Christmas and compare everything to their ideas of Halloween, although they do relate to one Christmas Town character; a"
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"In combat, Jack uses some of his scary powers with demonstrations of some magic, making him a formidable sorcerer. Chris Sarandon reprises his role for the English version, and Masachika Ichimura provides Jack's Japanese voice. Jack Skellington introduces himself to Sora, Goofy, and Donald Duck as the ruler of Halloween Town. Jack plans to use the heart that Finklestein created to control the seemingly docile Heartless to make a festival called ""Heartless Halloween"" so that Halloween can be frightening, but the idea fails when not only the first experiment cause the Heartless to go berserk, but Oogie Boogie steals the"
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"an mixture of tracks from the original attraction and new ones. Haunted Mansion Holiday Haunted Mansion Holiday, also known as Haunted Mansion Holiday Nightmare, is a seasonal overlay of the Haunted Mansion attraction at Disneyland and Tokyo Disneyland that blends the settings and characters of the original Haunted Mansion with those of Tim Burton's 1993 film ""The Nightmare Before Christmas"". Taking inspiration from ""The Night Before Christmas"", the attraction retells the story of Jack Skellington (as ""Sandy Claws"") visiting the Haunted Mansion on Christmas Eve, leaving holiday chaos in his wake. The Haunted Mansion typically closes for two and half"
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"it. The only one who understands Jack's feelings is a lonely ragdoll named Sally. She overhears his singing monologue and feels she can relate to his situation. Jack discovers Christmas Town and decides that this new experience is what his life was missing. He makes preparations for his own Christmas celebration in Halloween Town and wants to impersonate Santa Claus in the real world. While his intentions are not malicious, Jack does not understand the true spirit of Christmas. Halloween Town plans to give the holidays a macabre make-over. Sally reveals to Jack a bad premonition, but Jack's basic nature"
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"and have kept their councils together of old."" Crimson King The Crimson King, known to some as Los' or Ram Abbalah, is a fictional character created by Stephen King. He is the primary antagonist of King's eight-volume ""Dark Tower"" series, as well as the novels ""Insomnia"" and ""Black House"". Described as ""Gan's crazy side"", the Crimson King is the ultimate ruler of the Red (also called the Random and the Outer Dark), and the archetypal embodiment of evil in Stephen King's fictional multiverse. His goal is to topple the Dark Tower which serves as the linchpin of time and space,"
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"Haunted Mansion Holiday Haunted Mansion Holiday, also known as Haunted Mansion Holiday Nightmare, is a seasonal overlay of the Haunted Mansion attraction at Disneyland and Tokyo Disneyland that blends the settings and characters of the original Haunted Mansion with those of Tim Burton's 1993 film ""The Nightmare Before Christmas"". Taking inspiration from ""The Night Before Christmas"", the attraction retells the story of Jack Skellington (as ""Sandy Claws"") visiting the Haunted Mansion on Christmas Eve, leaving holiday chaos in his wake. The Haunted Mansion typically closes for two and half weeks in late summer so it can be converted into the"
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"was also covered by Panic! at the Disco for the 2006 soundtrack reissue. On the 2011 album ""V-Rock Disney"", which features visual kei artists covering Disney songs, Sadie covered this song. In 2014, Jonathan Young and Travis Carte covered this song for the album Young Does Disney 1. The official video, as of August 24, has just over 2 million views and 40k likes. This Is Halloween ""This Is Halloween"" is a song from the 1993 film, ""The Nightmare Before Christmas"", with music and lyrics written by Danny Elfman. In the film it is performed by the residents of the"
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"Nightmare Before Christmas"" after considering which Disney character would celebrate Christmas in the Haunted Mansion, should Santa Claus ever land there on his journey. Steve Davison took the idea and worked with Walt Disney Creative Entertainment to develop the overlay. One issue Disney had to deal with was the fact that many of the key performers in the original attraction – Paul Frees, Leota Toombs, Eleanor Audley, most of the singing busts, and almost all of the original voice actors – had died years earlier. Paul Frees was replaced in his role as the Ghost Host by Corey Burton, who"
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"will end in disaster, but Jack dismisses this and assigns her the task of sewing him a red coat to wear. He also tasks Lock, Shock and Barrel, a trio of mischievous trick-or-treating children, to abduct Santa Claus and bring him back to Halloween Town. Jack tells Santa he will be bringing Christmas to the world in his place this year. Jack orders the trio to keep Santa safe, but the children instead deliver Santa to Oogie Boogie, a gambling-addicted bogeyman, who plots to play a game with Santa's life at stake. Sally attempts to rescue Santa so he can"
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"Halloween town, but covered in snow. An immense, dead Christmas tree is in the middle of the room, with glowing skull and jack-o-lantern ornaments and ascending and desscending spider ornaments. Ghosts dance right through the tree while a ghost organist plays Kidnap the Sandy Claws as a waltz. In the Attic, all of Jack's presents have been stored. Ghastly, glowing presents lie about the room, jack-in-the-boxes popping up to scare passing guests. A snake, having eaten some presents, sits with Jack's Naughty and Nice list hanging out of its mouth. The Graveyard has been completely covered in snow and the"
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"is available for the ""Disney Infinity"" video game, allowing the character to be playable in the game's ""Toy Box Mode"". Jack is also the titular character in the short story """"Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas"": Jack's Story"", and also appeared in HalloWishes and Halloween Screams fireworks at Magic Kingdom (where the host is Ghost Host) and Disneyland (where the host is Jack himself). ""Nightmare"" has inspired video game spin-offs, including """" and """", and is among the many Disney-owned franchises that contribute to the mythology of the ""Kingdom Hearts"" series. A trading card game is also available. Around the"
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"Ken Page Kenneth Page (born January 20, 1954) is an American cabaret singer and actor. Page is best known as the voice of Oogie Boogie, the main antagonist of Tim Burton's ""The Nightmare Before Christmas"", creating the eponymous role of ""Ken"" in the original Broadway production of ""Ain't Misbehavin'"", King Gator from Don Bluth's All Dogs Go To Heaven, and playing the role of ""Old Deuteronomy"" in both the original Broadway and filmed stage productions of ""Cats, the Musical. Page was born and raised in St. Louis, Missouri. He attended Bishop DuBourg High School and Fontbonne College. In a 2015"
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"Crimson King The Crimson King, known to some as Los' or Ram Abbalah, is a fictional character created by Stephen King. He is the primary antagonist of King's eight-volume ""Dark Tower"" series, as well as the novels ""Insomnia"" and ""Black House"". Described as ""Gan's crazy side"", the Crimson King is the ultimate ruler of the Red (also called the Random and the Outer Dark), and the archetypal embodiment of evil in Stephen King's fictional multiverse. His goal is to topple the Dark Tower which serves as the linchpin of time and space, destroying the multitude of universes which revolve around"
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"his plan to pit Alchemax and heroes against each other to gain enough superpower to shapeshift out of it. He transforms into a bird and flies away. When Loki is next seen, he appears as the villainous Halloween Jack after being tortured by Desdemona and her brother, Lytton, after they accuse him of cheating in their casino. He seeks revenge on them for ""turning him into a monster"" and with the help of Meanstreak, they head to Las Vegas and find Desdemona alone in her office. They attack her, revealing to her his true form (Loki) and hacks into her"
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"the present with the key to open the box. Chancellor Goodwin (Leslie Wing) steals the Gift for the Dominion and the Sinisters to take over Halloweentown. Knowing that only a Cromwell can use the Gift, the Sinister Sisters transform Dylan into a dog to compel Marnie to comply with their demands. If Dylan is not turned back, he will stay that way forever after Halloween passes. They agree to return him to his natural form if Marnie controls Halloweentown for them. Marnie falsely agrees to aid them in their plot, but turns on them once Dylan is returned to normal."
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"shape. Jack decided to leave Halloween Town to get new ideas for Halloween frights. When Jack comes back to town, he finds that Oogie Boogie has been resurrected. Now Jack has to set things right again. Jack dances, fights, and sings in this game to attack Oogie Boogie's minions. Jack is portrayed as inept to some degree in this game. Chris Sarandon did both the speaking and singing voice for Jack in this game. Jack Skellington features in the Nightmare Before Christmas downloadable expansion pack which includes Jack Skellington, Sally, Oogie-Boogie, Dr. Finklestein and the Mayor as in-game playable costumes."
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"days after seeing Curtis' finished statue. Everyone in the town believed the threat and, since then, Halloween has never been celebrated. Danny thinks it is a silly story, and runs home. James is rarely around, so Uncle Fred serves as a stand-in father for Danny. That night, James is planning to announce his ""Halloween Spooktacular"" idea to raise funds to re-open Walker Chocolates at the town meeting. Uncle Fred and Danny try to tell him that the townspeople will be too afraid to support the Spooktacular because of the curse, but James will not listen. At the meeting, Mayor Churney"
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"album cover and in the album booklet."" Credits and personnel adapted from the 2006 edition of the soundtrack's liner notes. 1. ""This Is Halloween"" 2. ""Sally's Song"" 3. ""What's This?"" 4. ""Kidnap the Sandy Claws"" 5. ""This Is Halloween"" 6-11. Demos There are several foreign-language versions of the soundtrack, each features tracks sung by vocalists in their native language as well as original score tracks by Danny Elfman. The Nightmare Before Christmas (soundtrack) The Nightmare Before Christmas is the fifteenth soundtrack album by American composer Danny Elfman. It was released on October 12, 1993, by Walt Disney Records to promote"
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"Mike Nelson, Kevin Murphy and Bill Corbett of RiffTrax, and has been called one of the worst and most depressing holiday films of all time. The Magic Christmas Tree The Magic Christmas Tree is a 1964 American Christmas-themed fantasy-adventure film about a boy who uses a magic ring to bring a Christmas tree to life. The tree then grants the boy three wishes. Three boys are walking home from school on the afternoon of Halloween. On the way home, one boy, Mark, agrees to help a strange old woman to get her cat, Lucifer, out of a tree. Mark climbs"
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"also Christmas. Each time John puts any money together, either by turning a trick, robbing the house of one of his regular ""dates"" or stealing from potential clients, it's taken from him either by robbery or in payback for a drug deal where he burned the dealer. Meanwhile, Donner (Lukas Haas), a fellow hustler who's new to the streets and has fallen for John, tries to convince John to go with him to Branson, Missouri. Donner has a relative who runs a theme park there who can get them jobs. John is initially resistant to the idea but, after some"
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"selling balloons in order to buy a present for Minnie, whose birthday is a few days away. He gets news from Pluto that Minnie cannot wake up. He sets off to visit her, only to find that she has been trapped in a nightmare. Now, Mickey must journey into Minnie's mind in order to free her from the nightmare. Kid Klown and his family are on their way to perform in a circus when they meet the magician Night Mayor (a pun on ""nightmare""). He asks Kid Klown to help him open a treasure vault, but Kid Klown, having been"
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"Samuel Loomis Dr. Samuel ""Sam"" Loomis is a fictional character in the ""Halloween"" franchise. One of the two main protagonists of the overall series (the other being Laurie Strode), he appears in seven of the eleven Halloween films, first appearing in John Carpenter's original 1978 film. Donald Pleasence plays the character in five films and Malcolm McDowell portrays him in the 2007 reimagining, ""Halloween"" and its sequel ""Halloween II"". Throughout the ""Halloween"" franchise, he is depicted as the archenemy to the series' central character and primary antagonist, Michael Myers. Dr. Loomis' name was derived from Sam Loomis, played by John"
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"has been shown to have an extreme hatred for Oogie Boogie as was proven when he spoke of this plan to Lock, Shock, and Barrel, stating to ""leave that no account Oogie Boogie out of this!"" He later finds out that Santa Claus and Sally have been kidnapped by the Boogie Man and are in his underground lair. While trying to save his friends, Jack manages to destroy Oogie and save Christmas. Tired of using the same old themes over and over on Halloween, Jack Skellington goes to Doctor Finkelstein, who gives him the Soul Robber, an invention that changes"
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"hearing rumors from a TV newscaster (portrayed by Andrew Duncan) that Halloween may end and that he is being blamed, Dracula exclaims, ""How dare they suggest such a thing? Halloween is my national holiday!"" and he calls the world's most famous monsters—Warren the Werewolf aka Wolf Man (Jack Riley) of Budapest, Frankenstein's monster (John Schuck), Zabaar the Zombie (Josip Elic) of Haiti, the Mummy of Egypt (Robert Fitch) and the Witch - to his castle to make them frightening again. Dracula believes that the problem is that the monsters have ""exploited their monsterhood"" to the point of being funny rather"
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Immortalized in an 1851 painting by Emmanuel Gottlieb Leutze, which river did George Washington cross on Christmas night in 1776 before attacking the Hessian forces during the Battle of Trenton?
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"Washington Crossing the Delaware Washington Crossing the Delaware is an 1851 oil-on-canvas painting by the German-American artist Emanuel Leutze. It commemorates General George Washington during his famous crossing of the Delaware River with the Continental Army on the night of December 25–26, 1776, during the American Revolutionary War. That action was the first move in a surprise attack against the German Hessian allied mercenary forces at Trenton, New Jersey, in the Battle of Trenton on the morning of December 26. The original was part of the collection at the Kunsthalle in Bremen, Germany, and was destroyed in a bombing raid"
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"Washington's Crossing Washington's Crossing is the location of Washington's crossing of the Delaware River on the night of December 25–26, 1776 in the American Revolutionary War. This daring maneuver led to victory in the Battle of Trenton and altered the course of the war. The site, a National Historic Landmark, is composed of state parks in Washington Crossing, New Jersey, and Washington Crossing, Pennsylvania, north of Trenton, New Jersey. The Washington's Crossing site is located north of Yardley, Pennsylvania and Trenton, New Jersey. The main commemorative sites are located north of a road bridge spanning the river. Each year on"
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"The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776 The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776 is the title of an oil painting by the American artist John Trumbull depicting the capture of the Hessian soldiers at the Battle of Trenton on the morning of December 26, 1776 during the American Revolutionary War. The focus is on General George Washington aiding the mortally wounded Hessian Colonel Johann Gottlieb Rall. Nearly 900 Hessians were captured at the battle. It is one of Trumbull's series of historical paintings on the war, which also includes the ""Declaration of Independence"""
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"Washington's Crossing (book) Washington's Crossing is a Pulitzer Prize-winning book written by David Hackett Fischer and part of the ""Pivotal Moments in American History"" series. It is primarily about George Washington's leadership during the 1776 campaign of the American Revolutionary War, culminating with the famous crossing of the Delaware River and the subsequent campaign, with the Battle of Trenton, the Second Battle of Trenton, and the Battle of Princeton. Fischer discusses the historical context of the crossing, including the crossing's precursors, the intensity of effort required to make the crossing itself, and the effects upon the outcome of the American"
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"entered winter quarters and were in a good place to resume campaigning. On December 25, 1776, Washington stealthily crossed the Delaware River, and his army overwhelmed the Hessian garrison at Trenton, New Jersey the following morning, taking 900 prisoners. The decisive victory rescued the army's flagging morale and gave a new hope to the cause for independence. Cornwallis marched to retake Trenton, but his efforts were repulsed on January 2. Washington outmanoeuvred Cornwallis that night, and defeated his rearguard the following day. The victories proved instrumental in convincing the French and Spanish that the Americans were worthwhile allies, as well"
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"and men of the Continental Army and militia crossed the Delaware River on the night of December 25–26, 1776 and marched to Trenton, New Jersey. There they attacked and defeated Hessian troops quartered in and around the village. This surprise attack and victory set the stage for Washington's subsequent victories at the Second Battle of Trenton and Princeton. The Crossing and the Trenton/Princeton campaign have become known as the Ten Crucial Days — a campaign that saved Washington's army from defeat, allowing them to fight another day and achieve ultimate victory. The township's recreational facilities include 92-acre Macclesfield Park, which"
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"and it won the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for History. Washington's Crossing (book) Washington's Crossing is a Pulitzer Prize-winning book written by David Hackett Fischer and part of the ""Pivotal Moments in American History"" series. It is primarily about George Washington's leadership during the 1776 campaign of the American Revolutionary War, culminating with the famous crossing of the Delaware River and the subsequent campaign, with the Battle of Trenton, the Second Battle of Trenton, and the Battle of Princeton. Fischer discusses the historical context of the crossing, including the crossing's precursors, the intensity of effort required to make the crossing itself,"
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"the night of December 25–26, 1776, with 2,400 troops, Washington made the well known crossing of the Delaware River from Pennsylvania to New Jersey north of Trenton. The next morning, the Continental forces surprised the Hessians in a rout, giving the Americans a much-needed victory at the Battle of Trenton. With Washington, Honeyman had arranged for his mission to be confined in New Jersey and since the British were driven from the colony in 1777 his services were little needed, if at all. It had further been agreed upon, however, that Honeyman would continue to maintain his cover as a"
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"nearly died. In the aftermath of the battle, George Washington cited Monroe and William Washington for their bravery, and promoted Monroe to the rank of captain. After his wounds healed, Monroe returned to Virginia to recruit his own company of soldiers. Monroe's participation in the battle was memorialized in John Trumbull's painting, ""The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776"", as well as Emanuel Leutze's ""Washington Crossing the Delaware."" Lacking the wealth to induce soldiers to join his company, Monroe instead asked his uncle to return him to the front. Monroe was assigned to the staff of General"
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"Washington needed a victory for the Revolution to survive. Washington's made a hazardous nighttime crossing of the Delaware River on the night of December 25–26, 1776. He marched his tattered force of about two thousand four hundred men over the snow-covered ground to Trenton, many of his soldiers shod only with bleeding rags for shoes. General Washington attacked the Hessians in the morning and completely overwhelmed them at the cost of only light casualties to his own forces. Samuel Brady, therefore, was very much a part of this very crucial battle that gave the Americans their much needed victory and"
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"General George Washington at Trenton General George Washington at Trenton is a large full-length portrait in oil painted in 1792 by the American artist John Trumbull of General George Washington at Trenton, New Jersey, on the night of January 2, 1777, during the American Revolutionary War. This is the night after the Battle of the Assunpink Creek, also known as the Second Battle of Trenton, and before the decisive victory at the Battle of Princeton the next day. The artist considered this portrait ""the best certainly of those which I painted."" The portrait is on view at the Yale University"
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"Rivers. They continued westward, crossing the Passaic River on the Acquakanonk Bridge, which was dismantled. Washington continued his retreat through early December, passing through Princeton and Trenton on the way towards and across the Delaware River into Pennsylvania. According to tradition, Thomas Paine composed the first tract of ""The American Crisis"" - a series of essays intended to rally American resolve during the darkest hours of the war - at Newark using a drumhead for a desk and a campfire for illumination. Published on December 19, 1776, only six days before Washington's victory at Trenton reversed the declining fortunes of"
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"and Burlington, New Jersey. Cadwalader had received orders to send his column across the river on the night of December 25–26 and march to Trenton from the south. Meanwhile, George Washington's column would cross the river to the north of Trenton and attack the city from that direction. After successfully crossing his light forces, Cadwalader discovered that river ice prevented crossing his artillery. He then returned his column to the Pennsylvania side, leaving Washington's forces unsupported in New Jersey. It was fortunate for Washington that a Hessian column, having marched from their garrison at Bordentown to Mount Holly where they"
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"weather, Washington manages to lift his weary soldiers' spirits, allowing the army to cross the river on the night of December 25–26, 1776. The crossing is done in one night, allowing the troops to attack Trenton at eight o' clock in the morning on December 26, 1776, and achieve a stunning victory, capturing almost all the Hessian garrison. The film claims that none of Washington's men were killed or even wounded. However, the Army's standard military history textbook, ROTCM 145-20, ""American Military History 1607-1958,"" states on page 61 that in fact two were killed in action, two were wounded, and"
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"and defeating the troops of Johann Rall quartered in Trenton. The army crossed the river back to Pennsylvania, this time laden with prisoners and military stores taken as a result of the battle. Washington's army then crossed the river a third time at the end of the year, under conditions made more difficult by the uncertain thickness of the ice on the river. They defeated British reinforcements under Lord Cornwallis at Trenton on January 2, 1777, and defeated his rear guard at Princeton on January 3, before retreating to winter quarters in Morristown, New Jersey. The unincorporated communities of Washington"
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"was unable to cross any of his troops (militia companies that had been assigned to the reserve force known as the Flying Camp earlier in the year) due to difficult icy conditions at the Trenton Ferry. Ewing's artillery did fire across the river during the battle. Order of battle of the Battle of Trenton The Battle of Trenton was fought on December 26, 1776, during the American Revolutionary War campaign for New Jersey. In a surprise attack, the Continental Army led by George Washington attacked the winter quarters of a brigade composed primarily of German troops from Hesse-Kassel in Trenton,"
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"part of Washington Crossing State Park. The Washington Crossing Visitor Center Museum focuses on the American Revolution and the military campaign known as the ""Ten Crucial Days"" from December 25, 1776, through January 3, 1777. During this time the Continental Army crossed the Delaware River, and the Battle of Trenton, the Second Battle of Trenton and the Battle of Princeton occurred. The museum houses over 700 period objects. The Johnson Ferry House, an 18th-century farmhouse and tavern near the Delaware River, was owned by Garret Johnson, who operated a plantation and a ferry service across the Delaware. It was likely"
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"The Crossing (2000 film) The Crossing is a 2000 American made-for-television historical film about George Washington crossing the Delaware River and the Battle of Trenton, directed by Robert Harmon. Based on the novel of the same name by Howard Fast, it stars Jeff Daniels as George Washington. Also appearing in the film are Roger Rees as Hugh Mercer, Sebastian Roche as John Glover and Steven McCarthy as Alexander Hamilton. The film opens with the retreat of the Continental Army across New Jersey during the American Revolutionary War, after repeated losses and defeats during the campaign of 1776. After the army"
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"The city became the destination for Loyalist refugees and a focal point of Washington's intelligence network. The British also took New Jersey, pushing the Continental Army into Pennsylvania. Washington crossed the Delaware River back into New Jersey in a surprise attack in late December 1776 and defeated Hessian and British armies at Trenton and Princeton, thereby regaining control of most of New Jersey. The victories gave an important boost to Patriots at a time when morale was flagging, and have become iconic events of the war. In 1777, the British sent Burgoyne's invasion force from Canada south to New York"
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"orientation. Concerned with dramatizing essential American values, he began a story in verse called ""Washington's Night"", depicting the psychological, political and military pressures on George Washington in December 1776, and culminating in his victory at the Battle of Trenton on December 26. America, the poem makes clear, stresses not only military power, but the longing for political freedom and especially a fundamental fairness, the justice for which the nation has become famous. He was greatly helped in all this by his second marriage. Beatrice Beebe, whose work in New York City had explored mother-infant communication, and whose psychoanalytic practice had"
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"overnight on December 25, 1776, and into the morning of December 26, 1776, in order to make a surprise attack on Trenton, a move that would prove to be a turning point in the American Revolutionary War. This park area, together with Washington Crossing Historic Park on the Pennsylvania side, comprise the Washington's Crossing National Historic Landmark. Inside the park is the Washington Crossing Open Air Theatre, an outdoor theater with seating consisting of wooden benches. Goat Hill Overlook, located nearby in West Amwell Township in Hunterdon County, is administered by the New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry as"
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"Christmas Day, hundreds of people gather to hear Washington's stand-in deliver stirring words to the troops and watch three boats make the crossing from Pennsylvania to New Jersey. December 25, 2016, marked the 64th reenactment of Washington's Crossing when he crossed the Delaware river over 240 years ago. Washington Crossing Historic Park encapsulates the crossing site on the Pennsylvania side. Covering about , it includes the actual embarkation site for the main crossing, and a 19th-century inn set on the foundation of an 18th-century inn that was present at the time of the crossing. A memorial marker indicates the site"
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"the top 100 songs of 1918. The 1918 publication features a cover illustration by Rosenbaum Studios of a painting of George Washington crossing the Delaware River with a picture of General Pershing below it. The sheet music was reprinted thrice. The song describes the American effort in Germany during World War I and draws a direct parallel to the American Revolution. It describes the hope that General Pershing will have the same success as George Washington. Just Like Washington Crossed the Delaware, General Pershing Will Cross the Rhine ""Just Like Washington Crossed the Delaware, General Pershing Will Cross the Rhine"""
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"attack on German Hessian allied mercenaries at Trenton in New Jersey on Christmas night, the morning of December 26, 1776. The regiment was disbanded as enlistments expired at year's end. Glover went home to tend to his sick wife and look to business affairs. He turned down a promotion to brigadier general in February 1777, but rejoined the war and accepted the promotion after a personal appeal from General Washington. As commander of a brigade made up of four Massachusetts regiments, he served in the successful Saratoga campaign along the Hudson River in the summer and fall of 1777 and"
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"Delaware"", and displayed on the New Jersey State Quarter. In the Battle of Trenton which followed the crossing, the American soldiers surprised the Hessians, capturing nearly 900 prisoners in 90 minutes and taking supplies that had been for the British army. After the victory, George Washington led the army back across the Delaware River into Pennsylvania. A few days later, British General Charles Cornwallis hoped to engage Washington's army at Trenton after Washington recrossed the Delaware River, resulting in the Second Battle of Trenton. After recapturing Trenton, he ordered charges on fortified defenses at Assunpink Creek. The Americans inflicted heavy"
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"Jersey became known as ""the Crisis of the Revolution"", because the enlistments of most of Washington's soldiers ended on New Year's Day 1777. There are rumors that Mercer exclusively originated Washington's plan to cross the Delaware River and surprise the Hessians at the Battle of Trenton on December 26, 1776, and he was certainly a major contributor to its execution. Due to the victory at Trenton (and a small monetary bonus), Washington's men agreed to a ten-day extension to their enlistment. When Washington decided to face off with Cornwallis during the Second Battle of Trenton on January 2, 1777, Mercer"
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"the basis for several other engravings. In 1845, William Warner Jr. engraved ""Gen. Washington"". Alfred Daggett engraved a version, ""Washington at Trenton, New Jersey, January 2d, 1777"", that was published in ""Historical Collections of New Jersey, Past and Present"" by John W. Barber and Henry Howe in 1868. An engraving entitled, ""General Washington at the Bridge Over the Assunpink Creek"", was published in the 1898 book, ""The Battles of Trenton and Princeton"", by historian William S. Stryker. Trumbull described the thinking of Washington after seeing the superiority of the enemy at Trenton: Historian and painter William Dunlap after viewing it"
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"settlers of Bethlehem, Nazareth and Lititz in Pennsylvania and the Wachovia Settlements in North Carolina, were enthusiastic celebrators of Christmas. The Moravians in Bethlehem had the first Christmas trees in America as well as the first Nativity Scenes. Christmas fell out of favor in the United States after the American Revolution, when it was considered an English custom. George Washington attacked Hessian (German) mercenaries on the day after Christmas during the Battle of Trenton on December 26, 1776, Christmas being much more popular in Germany than in America at this time. With the atheistic Cult of Reason in power during"
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"the role of George Washington in the annual Christmas Day re-enactment of the famous 1776 crossing of the Delaware River. The re-enactors would cross over from Pennsylvania to New Jersey on Christmas afternoon. Kelly's first wife was Mary Gray Freeman (now known as Mary Spitzer), The daughter of CCL MSC USA ELM OFC SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASH DC USA Monroe Edward and Christine Gray [nee'Clinch]Freeman the 1951 national women's champion in swimming and a member of the United States swimming team destined for the 1952 Olympics at Helsinki (She appeared on the cover of ""Life"" magazine on July 23, 1951)."
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"Order of battle of the Battle of Trenton The Battle of Trenton was fought on December 26, 1776, during the American Revolutionary War campaign for New Jersey. In a surprise attack, the Continental Army led by George Washington attacked the winter quarters of a brigade composed primarily of German troops from Hesse-Kassel in Trenton, New Jersey. The Hessian brigade was under the command of Colonel Johann Rall; he died of wounds sustained in the battle, and about two thirds of his men were taken prisoner. It was the first major victory after a long string of defeats that had resulted"
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"army to Morristown for winter quarters. Battle of the Assunpink Creek The Battle of the Assunpink Creek, also known as the Second Battle of Trenton, was a battle between American and British troops that took place in and around Trenton, New Jersey, on January 2, 1777, during the American Revolutionary War, and resulted in an American victory. Following the victory at the Battle of Trenton early in the morning of December 26, 1776, General George Washington of the Continental Army and his council of war expected a strong British counter-attack. Washington and the council decided to meet this attack in"
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"Pennington and Hopewell Borough in 1915. Hopewell Township includes the location (now known as Washington Crossing) along the east side of the Delaware River to which George Washington and the Continental Army crossed from Pennsylvania. Once in Hopewell Township, the army marched to Trenton on December 26, 1776. The Battle of Trenton followed. Today, Washington Crossing State Park commemorates this important milestone in American history. Hopewell Township was also the location where -- two months after being abducted from his home in neighboring East Amwell -- the body of Charles Lindbergh Jr. was discovered on May 12, 1932. According to"
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"in concert with Washington's crossing to the north on the night of 25 December 1776, but was turned back due to ice floes on the river. After the first Battle of Trenton, the battalion of Marines under the command of Maj. Nicholas participated in battle with a detachment of Cornwallis's main army at Princeton, New Jersey. During the ensuing months Nicholas's battalion served both as infantry and artillery, participating in several skirmishes. Following the British evacuation of Philadelphia in June 1778, Marine Barracks were reestablished and recruiting resumed. From then until the close of the war, Nicholas's duties at Philadelphia"
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What product is advertised with the slogan "When you care enough to send the very best?"
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"– their first international business venture. In 1944, it adopted its current slogan, ""When you care enough to send the very best."" It was created by C. E. Goodman, a Hallmark marketing and sales executive, and written on a 3x5 card. The card is on display at the company headquarters. In 1951, Hall sponsored a television program for NBC that gave rise to the ""Hallmark Hall of Fame"", which has won 80 Emmy Awards. Hallmark now has its own cable television channel, the Hallmark Channel which was established in 2001. For a period of about 15 years, Hallmark owned a"
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"The best things come to those who wait ""The best things come to those who wait"" was a slogan used in an advertising campaign launched by the H. J. Heinz Company in the 1980s to promote its Heinz brand of tomato ketchup within the United States. The campaign was pitched and handled by the advertising agency Leo Burnett Worldwide, who had been responsible for the marketing of Heinz brands since 1974. The central concept of the campaign was that even people in a hurry would wait for Heinz ketchup to trickle out of its glass bottle. Advertisements with the slogan"
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"An increasing number of companies are claiming that they will care for you in order to attract you into purchasing their services. For example, Lufthansa, an airline company, had an advertisement that read, ""Service as dependable as a shoulder to lean on."" The accompanying picture displayed a woman leaning her head on a man's shoulder, with both sound asleep. In this case, the take-away message seems to be that a high degree of care translates into high quality. Another airline company, British Airways, had an ad that displayed the same message. It read, ""New Club World cradle seat. Lullaby not"
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"POM Wonderful Presents: The Greatest Movie Ever Sold POM Wonderful Presents: The Greatest Movie Ever Sold is a 2011 documentary film about product placement, marketing and advertising directed by Morgan Spurlock. The premise behind the production is that the documentary itself would be entirely paid for by sponsors, thus being a form of metafilm. The film's slogan is ""He's not selling out, he's buying in."" Besides a great number of sponsoring and non-sponsoring corporate figures appearing in the film, others include: The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2011. In the United States, the film had a"
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"released to digital music stores on April 26, 2011, and on CD August 23, 2011. POM Wonderful Presents: The Greatest Movie Ever Sold POM Wonderful Presents: The Greatest Movie Ever Sold is a 2011 documentary film about product placement, marketing and advertising directed by Morgan Spurlock. The premise behind the production is that the documentary itself would be entirely paid for by sponsors, thus being a form of metafilm. The film's slogan is ""He's not selling out, he's buying in."" Besides a great number of sponsoring and non-sponsoring corporate figures appearing in the film, others include: The film premiered at"
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"In 2018, Steven Cain was appointed as CEO of the Coles Supermarket brand as part of the demerger of Coles from Westfarmers Coles' original slogan was ""nothing over 2/6"", when it was primarily operating variety stores. The slogan ""You'll find the best value is at Coles New World"" was used in the 1980s. The red/orange orb was used from 1991 to 2005, although store signs continued to use the orb up until the early 2010s. ""Serving you better"" was used as a slogan from 1998 to 2003, replaced by ""save everyday"", endorsed by actress Lisa McCune. A circled tick was"
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"as high quality as Guinness draught beer, which was traditionally the focus of Guinness advertising and marketing. The ad is the sixth in the ""Good things come to those who wait"" campaign, following on from the hugely successful ""noitulovE"" campaign in 2005. The fish behind the bar is a nod to another previous campaign (""Fish Bicycle""). It was followed itself by ""Hands"" later in 2006. Fridge (advertisement) Fridge is a 2006 television and print advertising campaign launched by Diageo to promote canned Guinness-brand stout in the United Kingdom. The campaign was handled by advertising agency Abbott Mead Vickers BBDO. The"
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"the brand's tagline (with variations) long after Walker ceased appearing in Bounty ads. In the UK, they had a campaign featuring two large stubbly men wearing wigs and dresses referred to as ""Brenda"" and ""Audrey"" performing household tasks that require a paper towel and comparing them to other products. Consumer Reports reported that the best paper towel was the Bounty DuraTowel, and the next two down the list were also Bounty products. In 1998, Bounty started selling napkins. In 2007, P&G sold its European business that also produced ""Bounty"" to SCA, and the product was then rebranded to Plenty in"
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"in Canada,""It's waaaay delicious. It's Wendy's."" The company's slogan, ""you know when it's real,"" was introduced in 2010. In November 2010, a series of commercials aired featuring the company's namesake, Wendy Thomas, which marked the first time she had appeared in a Wendy's advertisement. In April 2012, Morgan Smith Goodwin began appearing as the redhead in ads with the slogan ""Now that's better."" In 2013, social media advertising featuring Nick Lachey directed at millennials promoted the Pretzel Bacon Cheeseburger. A 2014 campaign to promote the Tuscan Chicken on Ciabatta sandwich entitled ""L'Estrella de la Toscana,"" or ""Star of Tuscany"" in"
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"a number of species along the way. The piece was a huge success both critically and financially: it received more awards than any other commercial in the world in 2006, and was credited with pushing Guinness into the position of market leader in the United Kingdom beer market. Spurred on by this success, AMV BBDO produced several more ""Good Things..."" print and television commercials in 2006 and 2007, such as ""Hands"" and ""Fridge"". The most recent item in the campaign is ""Tipping Point"", Guinness' most expensive commercial to date, which premiered on British television on 13 November 2007. Good things"
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"situations (goalkeeping, potting a black ball, best man's speech) where those seen in the advert would be next seen drinking Strongbow having ""earnt it"" for accomplishing such situations. The latest advert depicts a duplex-style apple orchard divided between bitter and sweet reflecting Strongbow being ""bittersweet by nature"". In 2015, Strongbow began its ""Cider at its Bestest"" campaign in the US, featuring Patrick Stewart. Strongbow were official shirt sponsors of Edinburgh football club Heart of Midlothian from 1992–2002. Strongbow also sponsored Leeds United Football Club from 2000–2003. Strongbow reputedly paid £3 million a year for the rights. Strongbow (cider) Strongbow is"
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"program where relevant content is mailed to mothers with babies. These mailings can include Pampers samples or Pampers Coupons. P&G contributes to flood relief efforts in Pakistan in part through its Pampers brand and ""Spread a Smile"" campaign, which provides free health check-ups, medicines, and oral rehydration therapy to babies and children living in the flood affected areas. Pampers has now also signed the WTA No.1 of the world and honorary citizen of Bucharest Simona Halep to be the face of their new diaper brand commercials. Pampers Pampers is an American name brand of baby and toddler products marketed by"
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"varieties. Capri is also available in a 120 mm length, which the packaging describes as ""luxury length."" Before the introduction of the modern-day Capri brand, a few TV advertisements were made in the 1960s to promote a brand under the similar name. The brand was menthol-only and emphasised that, out of the smokers that were tested, Capri was preferred. Its slogan was """"Menthol, but with a soft, fresh taste."""" Various poster adverts were also made to promote the brand, especially towards young women. Advertisements for Capri follow the logic that slimmer is better, apparently influenced by the assumption that women"
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"Scotland. Following its success, Alora was renamed Dolmio and rolled out across the UK in 1986, and subsequently renamed Dolmio globally in 1989. It was a sponsor of Britain's mid-morning magazine show ""This Morning"" from 2005 to 2010. In 2016, the company took the unprecedented step of advising some of its products should only be eaten once a week, due to high levels of salt, sugar and fat. By coincidence, the company's advertising slogan is ""When'sa your Dolmio day?"". Dolmio Dolmio is the brand name of a range of pasta sauces made by Mars, Incorporated. The range includes jars of"
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"revenue. The company runs major advertising campaigns on local radio stations, local television stations, and Cox Cable channels. In addition to the company's slogan, ""Spangles, it just tastes better!"", the Gourmet Supreme value pack is advertised with the slogan, ""$2.99? Are you out of your mind?"" In May 2008 the famous $2.99 Gourmet Supreme value pack was raised to $4.99 due to rising costs. The new $2.99 burger is the Classic Burger which was the Gourmet Jr sandwich. The company's advertising firm, digitalBRAND Communications, has been making Spangles TV commercials for nearly 10 years. In 2005, the company produced 23"
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"and marketed their new pasta sauce as tasting more Italian with his famous catchphrase ""As I got older, I got better"" spoken in television commercials. Later, Cantisano Foods offered a T-shirt with Ralph Cantisano's spoken line. Another line, ""Ciao Francesco Rinaldi!"", was popularized at the end of its commercials. Ralph Cantisano retired in 1998, and in 2002, the company was renamed LiDestri Foods. Their current slogan, ""Made by Italians. Enjoyed by everyone."", was then unveiled. The CEO of LiDestri Food & Beverage is Giovanni LiDestri. Ralph Cantisano died in 2007 at age 84. Francesco Rinaldi Francesco Rinaldi is a brand"
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"radio advertisements and in-shop promotional material. The deal earned him an estimated £1.2 million every year. In the first two years of these advertisements were estimated to have given Sainsbury's an extra £1 billion of sales or £200 million gross profit. 2010–2017: Paralympic swimmer Ellie Simmonds was a Sainsbury's Active Kids ambassador. 2012–2014: Former footballer David Beckham was a Sainsbury's Active Kids ambassador, in a deal that was claimed to be worth over £3.5 million. Sainsbury's currently uses the ""Live Well For Less"" slogan which was launched on 15 September 2011. Over the years, Sainsbury's has used many slogans: Sainsbury's"
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"similar desktop computers. Apple differentiates itself with a focus on aesthetics and cutting-edge technologies. Wal-Mart's ""Save money, live better"" (Waiz, 2013). Wal-Mart is concerned with being the cheapest department store and reminding their customers that it's not how much you spend on a product that matters. Something so simple that can attract customers like that and show the unique selling proposition of the business is what people look for.(Entrepreneur, No Date). The following are examples of Unique Selling Propositions. What is commonly considered a slogan is enhanced with a differentiating benefit of the product or service. Typically, the uniqueness is"
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"approachable company than ever before, and the consumer base was becoming younger and more affluent. The company also ranked high in customer satisfaction after the release of this advertising campaign. We Bring Good Things to Life ""We Bring Good Things to Life"" was an advertising slogan used by General Electric between 1979 and 2003. It was designed by the advertising firm BBDO led by project manager Richard Costello, who would later go on to become head of advertising at General Electric. The slogan was designed to highlight the diversity of the products and services the company offered. The slogan, after"
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"itself as a 'one-stop' shop for all office needs. It advertises a wide variety of office supplies, safe and on time delivery, competitive pricing and excellent customer service. Staples focuses its marketing efforts on advertising those values. Their slogan ""To make more happen, everyday"". This theme is the most appropriate because it attracts their target audience. Workers have little time on their hands, the product they offer will give them the ability to make life easier; by doing so, they save time. In today's fast-paced lifestyle, if a service is convenient, customers will most likely use the product. Staples have"
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"several new flavors, a new label, and more bilingual advertising. Frito-Lay vice president Joe Ennen described this as ""the most significant rebranding and relaunch in Doritos' 38-year history."" On February 21, 2013, the ""Doritos"" logo was changed again, and the advertising slogan ""FOR THE BOLD"" adopted. In 2015, Doritos introduced a limited edition Rainbow Doritos product, which were only available to those making a minimum donation of $10 to the It Gets Better Project, a non-profit organization that supports LGBT youth. The promotion raised $100,000 for the organization, and was met with controversy. The plain chips are made of ground"
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"management has received enough credit for the fine job it has done in educating consumers about the health effects of its products. The company done this, while at the same time promoting regular exercise. It is taking the obesity issue head-on. But the company hasn't stopped innovating."" Coming Together (advertisement) Coming Together is a 2-minute ad created and distributed by the Coca-Cola Company and launched on the night of January 14, 2013 on several cable networks. The reasons the ad argues Coca-Cola cares about consumer health include that they are now offering over 180 low- and no-calorie beverages. It also"
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"the new burger. To help promote the burger, a set of ads featuring the tagline """"You know when it's real"","" began airing late as part of a media blitz. It replaced a previous slogan, """"It's waaay better than fast food."""" Ken Calwell, Wendy's chief marketing officer claimed that: There's been a lot of folks talking about hamburgers out there. We haven't talked about our premium hamburgers for a very long time at Wendy's. ... We believe there's a lot of opportunity out there when we feature what we do best. Scott Hume, editor of BurgerBusiness.com stated that the Bacon Deluxe"
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"advertising campaign for the company products, which involved the use of targeted slogans, images and phrases. One of his slogans, ""Good morning. Have you used Pears' soap?"" was famous in its day and into the 20th century. Barratt introduced many of the crucial ideas that lie behind successful advertising and these were widely circulated in his day. He constantly stressed the importance of a strong and exclusive brand image for Pears and of emphasizing the product's availability through saturation campaigns. He also understood the importance of constantly reevaluating the market for changing tastes and mores, stating in 1907 that ""tastes"
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"have been aired within the Good Things... campaign: ""Fridge"", ""Hands"", and ""Tipping Point"" (Guinness' most expensive advertising campaign to date). NoitulovE noitulovE (""Evolution"" backwards) is a British television and cinema advertisement launched by Diageo in 2005 to promote Guinness Draught stout. The 60-second piece formed the cornerstone of a £15 million advertising campaign targeting men in their late twenties and early thirties. The commercial shows, in reverse, the adventures of three characters who evolve from mudskippers to present day humans before tasting Guinness in a London pub. The commercial was handled by the advertising agency Abbott Mead Vickers BBDO, with"
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"of buying in the nonprofit environment through social media. With the tagline ""The More You Buy, The More You Save,"" created by TBWA/Chiat Day, and photographed by Markus Klinko and Indrani, this series of portraits of notable celebrities in T-shirts with personalized scanable barcodes, turns the commercialism of celebrity packaging into a literal bar code that consumers can scan to buy life for the ultimate instant gratification. The campaign features celebrities including Katie Holmes, Kim Kardashian, Usher, Ryan Seacrest, Alicia Keys, Jaden and Willow Smith, Swizz Beatz, Serena Williams, and styling by GK Reid. KCA is the first charity to"
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"looking people. This advertisement campaign originally had doubters, yet quickly these doubts were taken away when sales exploded. The ads made many in the middle and lower class want to go out to buy Bull Durham in order to emulate the upper class. The campaign was tremendously successful, using the desire for a better life to boost sales. In addition to slogans the Blackwell Company used promotions to increase sales of Bull Durham Tobacco. One promotion Blackwell ran gave soap to the merchants that sold their product. The company offered a bar of soap for each pound of tobacco a"
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"with 20 pesos and suggests that the audience should buy a Cornetto, instead. """"Mag-Cornetto ka na lang"""" () and """"Hanggang saan aabot ang 20 pesos mo?"""" () were used as slogans for the campaign. By May 2011, 30 story lines has been produced. The television advertisement entitled ""Tugs"" which is part of the campaign was selected as the Adobo Ad of the Year for 2010 through online voting at the ad agency band night ""Lakihan Mo Logo 14"". Cornetto (ice cream) Cornetto (), meaning ""little horn"" in Italian, is a branded frozen dessert cone manufactured by Unilever and sold under"
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"televised commercial advertising for their product Ziploc. The advertisements run in: Brazil, Germany, Thailand, The United States and many other countries. Ziploc's head of marketing is Scott Heim who handles their multimillion-dollar advertisement campaigns. In 2002, S. C. Johnson & Son launched its biggest campaign in history, a $50 million-plus campaign to launch a new line of disposable tableware/storage products to be marketed under the Ziploc brand name. S. C. Johnson tends to focus their campaigns in the direction of Television commercials. In the 2002 campaign, $35 million was devoted to a TV campaign. The manufacturing of Ziploc bags varies"
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"corporate sponsors. However, critics say many of these promotions are deceptive to consumers, benefit the companies more than the charity, and promote products that may even cause cancer. Some campaigns require that consumers mail proof of purchase for a promoted item before the manufacturer donates a few cents per purchase to charity; some have a cap on the maximum amount donated, with all sales beyond this fixed limit benefiting only the company, not the promoted cause. Since their Save Lids to Save Lives campaign began in 1998, Yoplait has donated more than $25 million to Komen. In 2010, their annual"
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"in 2014 to inform people of this potentially catastrophic issue. The cereal brand has temporarily removed their mascot, Buzz, from their boxes as a way to get their message across. Honey Nut Cheerios has offered free wildflower packets to customers, claiming to have given out 1.5 billion seeds during the campaign. The seeds are supplied by the Canadian company Veseys Seeds. The campaign has been praised by advertising professionals as an example of cause marketing in which the cause is actually relevant to the firm's business, but the company's efforts have been criticized because some of the wildflowers involved are"
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"offers both skin care and makeup, and was launched during January to February 2013, accompanied by a multimillion-pound advertising campaign including television advertising, magazine promotion, blogger reviews and a pop up tour around the United Kingdom's largest shopping centres. It became first high street retailer to offer chickenpox vaccination in 58 of its stores, at a cost of £65 per dose, two doses being required, in July 2017. On 1 October 2010, the campaign ""Take Another Look"" was launched by Superdrug to encourage customers to “Take Another Look” at the company. On 7 February 2013, Superdrug launched a new marketing"
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"Krispies cereal claimed that the cereal can improve a child’s immunity. The company was forced to discontinue all advertising stating such claims. In 2015 the same company advertised their Kashi product as “all natural”, when it contained a variety of synthetic and artificial ingredients; Kellogg's paid $5 million to resolve the issue. ""Better"" means one item is superior to another in some way, while ""best"" means it is superior to all others in some way. However, advertisers frequently fail to list the way in each they are being compared (price, size, quality, etc.) and, in the case of ""better"", to"
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The American ad writer Robert L. May introduced what popular Christmas character when he designed a new coloring book for Montgomery Ward in 1939?
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"1930s, Montgomery Ward had become the country's largest retailer and Sewell Avery became the company's chief executive officer. In 1939, as part of a Christmas promotional campaign, staff copywriter Robert L. May created the character and illustrated poem of ""Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer."" The store distributed six-million copies of the storybook in 1946 and actor and singer Gene Autry popularized the song nationally. In 1946, the Grolier Club, a society of bibliophiles in New York City, exhibited the Wards catalog alongside ""Webster's Dictionary"" as one of 100 American books chosen for their influence on life and culture of the people."
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"the 1930s, May moved to Chicago and took a job as a low-paid in-house advertising copywriter for Montgomery Ward. In early 1939, May’s boss at Montgomery Ward asked him to write a “cheery” Christmas book for shoppers and suggested that an animal be the star of the book. Montgomery Ward had been buying and giving away coloring books for Christmas every year and it was decided that creating their own book would save money and be a nice good-will gesture. May’s wife, Evelyn, had contracted cancer in 1937 and was quite ill as he started on the book in early"
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"was pondering how best to craft a Christmas story about a reindeer, while staring out his office window in downtown Chicago, a thick fog from Lake Michigan blocked his view—giving him a flash of inspiration. ""Suddenly I had it!"" he recalled. ""A nose! A bright red nose that would shine through fog like a spotlight."" The cultural significance of a red nose has changed since the story's publication. In 1930s popular culture, a bright red nose was closely associated with chronic alcoholism and drunkards, so the story idea was initially rejected. May asked his illustrator friend at Montgomery Ward, Denver"
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"owned by The Rudolph Company, LP and has been adapted in numerous forms including a popular song, the iconic 1964 television special and sequels, and and sequel. Character Arts, LLC manages the licensing for the Rudolph Company, LP. In many countries, Rudolph has become a figure of Christmas folklore. 2014 marked the 75th anniversary of the character and the 50th anniversary of the television special. A series of postage stamps featuring Rudolph was issued by the United States Postal Service on November 6, 2014. Robert L. May created Rudolph in 1939 as an assignment for Chicago-based Montgomery Ward. The retailer"
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"1939. May ""drew on memories of his own painfully shy childhood when creating his Rudolph stories."" He decided on making a reindeer the central character of the book because his then 4-year-old daughter, Barbara, loved the deer in the Chicago zoo. He ran verses and chapters of the Rudolph poem by Barbara to make sure they entertained children. The final version of the poem was first read to Barbara and his wife’s parents. Evelyn May died in July 1939. She is interred at Saint Joseph Cemetery, River Grove, Cook County, IL. His boss offered to take him off the book"
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"animated Christmas special created specifically for television, ""Mister Magoo's Christmas Carol"". Based on Dickens' novelette, ""A Christmas Carol"", the animated special featured a score by Broadway duo Jule Styne and Bob Merrill. On December 6, 1964, NBC aired ""Rudolph the Red–Nosed Reindeer"", a stop motion animated special produced by Rankin/Bass. The special was based on a 1949 song by Johnny Marks, which was based in turn on a 1939 poem by Robert L. May. The program has aired every year since 1964, making it the longest-running Christmas television special. On December 9, 1965, CBS aired ""A Charlie Brown Christmas"" then"
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"assignment in light of his wife’s death. May refused and completed the poem in August 1939. The Rudolph poem booklet was first distributed during the 1939 holiday season. Shoppers loved the poem and 2.4 million copies were distributed. War time restrictions on paper use prevented a re-issue until 1946. In that year, another 3.6 million copies were distributed to Montgomery Ward shoppers. In 1946, May received an offer from a company that wanted to do a spoken-word record of the poem. May could not give his approval (and be compensated) because Montgomery Ward held the rights to the poem. In"
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"with Montgomery Ward. The song tells the story of a reindeer whose shiny red nose guides Santa's sleigh through the fog on Christmas Eve. Gene Autry's 1949 recording remained at #1 for a week and brought the song widespread fame. Only ""White Christmas"" has sold more copies. Autry had another hit in 1950 with ""Frosty the Snowman"", written by Jack Rollins and Steve Nelson as a direct attempt to create a success in the vein of ""Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer"". The song tells the story of a magical snowman who has playful adventures with children. In 1963, ""Frosty"" hit its"
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"and removed the Montgomery Ward name. The 1951 reissue is widely available on public domain video tapes and DVDs, as well as on the Internet. The original version is stored at the Library of Congress, and it was posted online by them in 2014. Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (1948 film) Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer is a 1948 animated short film produced and directed by Max Fleischer based on the 1939 Robert L. May poem ""Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer"", about a flying reindeer who helps Santa Claus. Rudolph is a reindeer, with an unusual red nose that shines (some would even"
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"for Christmas. Many titles help define the mythical aspects of modern Christmas celebration: Santa Claus bringing presents, coming down the chimney, being pulled by reindeer, etc. New mythical characters are created, defined, and popularized by these songs; ""Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer"", adapted from a major retailer's promotional poem, was introduced to radio audiences by Gene Autry in 1949. His follow-up a year later introduced ""Frosty the Snowman"", the central character of his song. Though overtly religious, and authored (at least partly) by a writer of many church hymns, no drumming child appears in any biblical account of the Christian nativity"
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"version of the poem, including the German spelling of ""Donder and Blitzen,"" rather than the original 1823 version using the Dutch spelling, ""Dunder and Blixem"". Both phrases translate as ""Thunder and Lightning"" in English, though German for ""thunder"" is now spelled ""Donner"", and the Dutch words would now be spelled ""Donder"" and ""Bliksem"". Rudolph's story was originally written in verse by Robert L. May for the Montgomery Ward chain of department stores in 1939, and published as a book to be given to children in the store at Christmas time. According to this story, Rudolph's glowing red nose made him"
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"The Jolly Green Giant and Sprout advertising icons came out of the agency. The Minnesota Valley Canning Company originally created the Jolly Green giant character as a large, cave-man looking character to draw attention of the size of their LeSeur peas. The Leo Burnett agency was hired to make the Jolly Green Giant more friendly looking. In 1972, the Jolly Green Giant was joined by Sprout to appeal to children. The agency guided Philip Morris (now part of Altria Group) in building Marlboro into a global brand, with an emphasis on manliness as typified by the image of the Marlboro"
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"speaks in anapestic tetrameter), written in 1947 but only published posthumously as ""Rudolph's Second Christmas"" (1992), and subsequently with the title ""Rudolph to the Rescue"" (2006). The second sequel is entirely in anapaestic tetrameter like the original: ""Rudolph Shines Again"" (1954). May also published four other children's books: ""Benny the Bunny Liked Beans"" (1940), ""Winking Willie"" (1948), ""The Fighting Tenderfoot"" (1954), and ""Sam the Scared-est Scarecrow"" (1972). May told his story of the writing of ""Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer"" in his article ""Robert May Tells how Rudolph, The Red Nosed Reindeer Came into Being"" from the ""Gettysburg Times"" published on"
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"Tony the Tiger In 1951, Eugene Kolkey, an accomplished graphic artist and Art Director for Leo Burnett, sketched a character for a contest to become the official mascot of a Kellogg's brand-new breakfast cereal. Kolkey designed a tiger named Tony (named after an ad man at Leo Burnett—Raymond Anthony Wells) and selected Martin Provensen for the finished artwork. Tony competed against three other potential mascots for the public's affection: Katy the Kangaroo (originated by Robert Dulaney in the early fifties), Elmo the Elephant, and Newt the Gnu. Within the year, the other mascots were dropped (with Elmo and Newt never"
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"Red-Nosed Reindeer"" and the animated 1964 version. It was based on Robert L. May's 1939 story, rather than the song. The 1964 film more closely resembles the song rather than the original story. This short film was created to advertise Montgomery Ward department stores, the publisher of the original story. The original release included a credit for the company, and it lacked the ""Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer"" song, with the opening credits instead playing over an instrumental version of Silent Night, Holy Night. The 1951 re-release of the film added a choral version of the song to the credits"
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"Paul Coker Paul Coker (born Paul Coker Jr., 1929 in Lawrence, Kansas) is an American illustrator. He has worked in many media, including ""Mad"", character design for Rankin-Bass TV specials, and advertising. Coker's first appearance in ""Mad"" was in 1961; he has since gone on to illustrate over 375 articles for the magazine. Beginning in 1967, Coker was a production designer on more than a dozen Rankin/Bass specials and shorts, including ""Frosty the Snowman"", ""Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town"", ""The Year Without a Santa Claus"", ""Rudolph's Shiny New Year"" and ""The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town"". In 1968,"
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"Reindeer, the 9th and lead reindeer immortalized in a Gene Autry song, written by a Montgomery Ward copywriter. By the end of the 20th century, the reality of mass mechanized production became more fully accepted by the Western public. Elves had been portrayed as using assembly lines to produce toys early in the 20th century. That shift was reflected in the modern depiction of Santa's residence—now often humorously portrayed as a fully mechanized production and distribution facility, equipped with the latest manufacturing technology, and overseen by the elves with Santa and Mrs. Claus as executives or managers. An excerpt from"
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"in white. For his new campaign, Calkins adopted a form of verse inspired by an onomatopoetic rhyme, ""Riding on the Rail"", that he felt offered endless possibilities. The first advertisement featured the image of Phoebe and a short poem: Phoebe soon became one of the most recognized advertising mascots in the United States, and she began to enjoy all the benefits offered by DL&W: gourmet food, courteous attendants, an observation deck, even onboard electric lights: In 1903, filmmaker Edwin Porter parodied the advertising campaign with his short film ""A Romance of the Rails"". ""Phoebe Snow"" was the only name Calkins"
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"to make the toy when he came across a cartoon of Theodore Roosevelt refusing to shoot an American black bear cub tied to a tree. The fictional character Winnie-the-Pooh was named after Winnipeg, a female American black bear cub that lived at the London Zoo from 1915 until her death in 1934. An American black bear cub, who in the spring of 1950 was caught in the Capitan Gap Fire, was made into the living representative of Smokey Bear, the mascot of the United States Forest Service. Terrible Ted was a de-toothed and de-clawed American black bear who was trained"
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"against Merdel's ""carom"" game. There was a lawsuit filed against Montgomery Ward & Company in 1969 by Affiliated, owner of the original carroms game. The lawsuit alleged that Montgomery Ward's Christmas catalog and newspaper ads misrepresented the carrom name by marketing a similar product made by Merdel with the name ""carom"" with one ""r"" to mislead the public. The lawsuit claimed that Montgomery Ward salespeople were representing to the public that what they were buying was the genuine original game of carroms, which was not correct. Their stores were in fact selling the copied reproduction of the game that was"
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"Gillen, to draw ""cute reindeer"", using zoo deer as models. The alert, bouncy character Gillen developed convinced management to support the idea. Maxton Books published the first mass-market edition of ""Rudolph"" in 1947 and a sequel, ""Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Shines Again"", in 1954. In 1992, Applewood Books published ""Rudolph's Second Christmas"", an unpublished sequel that Robert May wrote in 1947. In 2003, Penguin Books issued a reprint version of the original ""Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer"" with new artwork by Lisa Papp. Penguin also reprinted May's sequels, ""Rudolph Shines Again"" and ""Rudolph's Second Christmas"" (now retitled ""Rudolph to the Rescue"")."
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"as Robin A Hood is well known, but few are aware that he issued six books as Dan Crow. In 1934, he designed a range of animal characters manufactured by the toy firm of Britain's and distributed free with a new line of Cadbury's Cocoa advertised as ‘The Children’s Cocoa’. Each of the animals had their own personalities, and the press release advised that they ""were exclusively designed by an expert in child psychology"". It was a huge success, with some 300,000 children collecting these toy figures, known collectively as the Cococubs, which were hailed as ""one of the cleverest"
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"Mr. Bingle Mr. Bingle is a fictional character, a snowman assistant to Santa Claus. The figure consisted of a snowman's body with an ice cream cone hat, candy cane in hand, red ribbon with bells and holly wings. Originating as a mascot of the Maison Blanche department store in New Orleans, Louisiana, the character was later marketed in New Orleans and elsewhere by Mercantile Stores and Dillard's, and it remains part of the popular culture of the Greater New Orleans area. Mr. Bingle was originally conceived by Emile Alline, an employee of Maison Blanche, in 1947. Mister Bingle shared the"
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"together with other anthropomorphized toys. These included Toby Bear, Maggie Lou the wooden doll, Hi-Yah Wahoo the turtle-faced Indian, and Woody Woodpecker—depicted as a mechanical doll filled with nuts and bolts (hence his ""nutty"" behavior). In 1944, with the addition of writer John Stanley, the stuffed animal motif was dropped, as were Maggie Lou, Woody, and Wahoo. Oswald and Toby became flesh and blood characters living as roommates in ""Lantzville"". Initially drawn by Dan Gormley, the series was later drawn by the likes of Dan Noonan and Lloyd White. In 1948, Toby adopted two orphan rabbits for Oswald to raise."
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"The Mercantile chain used Mr. Bingle in Christmas advertising nationwide at various regional department stores owned by Mercantile. As of November 2014, Mr. Bingle merchandise was still widely available. Mr. Bingle Mr. Bingle is a fictional character, a snowman assistant to Santa Claus. The figure consisted of a snowman's body with an ice cream cone hat, candy cane in hand, red ribbon with bells and holly wings. Originating as a mascot of the Maison Blanche department store in New Orleans, Louisiana, the character was later marketed in New Orleans and elsewhere by Mercantile Stores and Dillard's, and it remains part"
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"Punkinhead Punkinhead, ""the sad little bear"", was a rubbery toy bear with a tuft of unruly orange hair. He was designed and developed into a storybook character by Canadian cartoonist Charles Thorson. Punkinhead was the main character in a series of children's books published by the T. Eaton Company, a large department store in Toronto, Ontario. To promote the sale of the stuffed bear and the books, the store created a song about him and sold recordings of it. Punkinhead became associated with Eaton's Christmas advertising. In 1947, Punkinhead appeared in Toronto's Santa Claus parade. The character also appeared on"
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"puzzle"" featuring the character Mr. T from the popular A-Team TV series; the back of the product packaging has the catchphrase ""I pity the fool who can't solve Mr. T's puzzle"". It was recognized early on that other shapes could be formed with the four pieces of the T puzzle, similar to the tangram. From the 1930 dates an advertising premium for Mohawk Rugs & Carpets which besides the regular T, features the challenge of making an arrowhead with the same pieces. In the same year a giveaway for Eberhard Faber's Van Dyke pencils featured 14 different shapes to form."
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"a holiday bonus. They typically ran for three to four weeks before Christmas, with the concluding installment on December 25 or a nearby date. Strip historian Allan Holtz notes over the years these strips have featured regular NEA characters, adapted classic Christmas stories, and original stories with single-appearance characters. The 1942 strip, ""Santa's Victory Christmas,"" had a WWII-era theme of conserving raw materials to further the war effort and was drawn by Superman ghost artist Leo Nowak. The 1967 entry, ""Bucky's Christmas Caper"", was written and drawn by famed comic book creator Wally Wood. The following strips were inherited from"
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"(and commercially published in 1938). In 1934 Mandrake debuted, and in 1936 the Phantom comic strip (The Phantom). Batman and the original Captain Marvel entered in 1939. Captain America and the originals of The Flash, Green Lantern and Daredevil made their debuts in 1940. Wonder Woman, Blackhawk and Green Arrow debuted in 1941, and in 1947 Black Canary entered the scene. Coyote wore a black (mostly illustrated as dark blue, also in the comics – and sometimes brown) Mexican, decorated charro costume. He had high black boots (mostly outside the trousers) and a decorated sombrero, a black shirt – neither"
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"windows, letterheads and mailing envelopes ""(pictured)"". It appeared in a scaled-down form, in ""Boys' Life"" and other magazines (along with hundreds of newspapers) from 1930-34. Fisk Tires then went back to the original sleepy boy in 1935. Incidentally, Norman Rockwell drew many paintings featuring the trade character, which were published in 1917-19, 24-25. Likewise, J. F. Kernan and Leslie Thrasher between 1924 & 1927. Timetable. Three stages of the pajama-clad boy (based on its appearance in print or on advertising material): a. 1910-28, 35-onward (created by Burr Giffin, an agency art director). b. 1929-30 (change of a yawn into a"
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"The Golden Christmas Tree The Golden Christmas Tree is a 20-page funny animal comic book Christmas story written, drawn, and lettered by Carl Barks. The story was first published in Four Color #203 (December 1948), with a cover by Barks, a 12-page Mickey Mouse and Goofy Christmas story (""Special Delivery"") written, drawn, and lettered by Bill Wright, and three one-page Barks Christmas gag stories featuring Donald Duck: ""Jumping to Conclusions"", ""The True Test"", and ""Ornaments on the Way"". The cover, stories, and gag pages have been reprinted several times. Characters in the story include Donald Duck, his nephews Huey, Dewey,"
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"Mr. Horsepower Mr. Horsepower is the cartoon mascot and logo of Clay Smith Cams, an auto shop established in 1931. He is a sneering, cigar-smoking bird with red feathers and a yellow beak. The image is a caricature of legendary hot rod guru Clay Smith (1915-1954), well known for his red hair. Mr. Horsepower is rarely without a cigar, but when he is, he has a ""cigar replacement"" - such as a candy cane for the holidays. The origins of Clay Smith Cams can be traced back to the 1930s, when Kansas racing driver Pete Bertrand opened a car tuning"
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"Monty the Dog who wears glasses Monty the Dog is a children's book and cartoon character created by British author Colin West, making his first appearance in the book ""Monty, the Dog who Wears Glasses"" in 1989. Monty is a pet dog owned by the Sprod family (Mr and Mrs Sprod and their children Simon and Josie). He wears his trademark red glasses which the Sprod family made for him following a suggestion from a cyclist who nearly hit him the day before. Monty still appears to be accident-prone, and he likes to eat sausages, chocolate biscuits, ice cream, custard,"
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