id
stringlengths 14
14
| text
stringlengths 11
2.85k
| source
stringlengths 1
250
|
|---|---|---|
c_qz8xv14rzkg8
|
In 1554, a jury acquitted Sir Nicholas Throckmorton but was severely punished by the court. Almost a century later, in 1649, in the first known attempt to argue for jury nullification, a jury likewise acquitted John Lilburne for his part in inciting a rebellion against Oliver Cromwell's regime. Lilburne had been charged with seditious libel for the publication of articles critical of the government; the jury were instructed to give a verdict only on whether the text was published, and to leave the issue of libel to the judge, while Lilburne argued the jury should give a general verdict and should judge whether the law's restraint on speech against the government was just.
|
Jury nullification
|
c_ubmnljr59ln3
|
Twentieth-century meta-ethics has two origins. The first is G.E. Moore's investigation into the nature of ethical terms (e.g., good) in his Principia Ethica (1903), which identified the naturalistic fallacy. Along with Hume's famous is/ought distinction, the naturalistic fallacy was a major topic of investigation for analytical philosophers.
|
Analytical Philosophy
|
c_w26ic5n3qa3g
|
Voltaire meant for this argument to bolster one of his anti-Catholic tracts. In a letter to Frederick II, King of Prussia, dated 5 January 1767, he wrote about Christianity: La nôtre est sans contredit la plus ridicule, la plus absurde, et la plus sanguinaire qui ait jamais infecté le monde. "Ours is assuredly the most ridiculous, the most absurd and the most bloody religion which has ever infected this world.
|
Voltaire
|
c_2knk8stlqwzw
|
The Minolta 110 Zoom SLR is a 110 format single-lens reflex (SLR) camera produced by Minolta of Japan between 1976 and 1979. It was the first SLR in 110 format. It has an unusual, flattened shape. Other 110 SLRs were shaped like SLRs in larger formats, but the 110 Zoom SLR took the flat format of the typical 110 pocket camera and added a larger lens and prism hump to it.
|
Minolta 110 Zoom SLR
|
c_aarclz6soc0u
|
... If the world's community failed to provide political insurance to Pakistan and other countries against the nuclear blackmail, these countries would be constraint to launch atomic bomb programs of their own! ... ssurances provided by the United Nations were not "Enough!"...
|
Nuclear weapons proliferation
|
c_m6yvguzhu636
|
The legal situation in the United Arab Emirates, however, is unclear. In 2009, the International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA) published a report entitled State Sponsored Homophobia 2009, which is based on research carried out by Daniel Ottosson at Södertörn University College, Stockholm, Sweden. This research found that of the 80 countries around the world that continue to consider homosexuality illegal: Five carry the death penalty for homosexual activity: Iran, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen.
|
Internalized homophobia
|
c_z3lpwvayw3ix
|
He sent it to fight the Thing who thought it was the real Hulk after taking out the Grey Hulk. When Thing discovered it wasn't the real Hulk during battle, he tore it apart.During the Acts of Vengeance event, Doctor Doom gave Jester II the Hulk Robot's parts and Jester rebuilt it (with the addition of humorous weapons in its arsenal) as a member of the Assembly of Evil. During the Avengers' press conference, the Hulk Robot attacked She-Hulk and had her on the ropes until Wasp attacked the Jester's remote control causing the Hulk Robot to go haywire.
|
Hulk Robot
|
c_5leq7vy5rs4f
|
HD 132563B b is one of very few planets found in triple star systems; it orbits the isolated member of the system, which is separated from the other components, a spectroscopic binary, by 400 AU.Also discovered through the radial velocity method, albeit a year earlier, is HD 136418 b, a two-Jupiter-mass planet that orbits the star HD 136418 at a distance of 1.32 AU with a period of 464.3 days. Its host star is a magnitude 7.88 G5-type star, 98.2 parsecs from Earth. It has a radius of 3.4 R☉ and a mass of 1.33 M☉.WASP-14 b is one of the most massive and dense exoplanets known, with a mass of 7.341 MJ and a radius of 1.281 RJ.
|
Boötes
|
c_grwf7ccpn0nn
|
Amazon Pay Express is a payments processing service for simple e-commerce use cases on websites. It is built on Amazon Pay but without requiring a full e-commerce integration, it can be used to create a button that can be copied and pasted onto a website or added via a WordPress plug-in. It is best suited for merchants selling a small number of products with a single item in each order, such as a digital download.
|
Amazon payments
|
c_pn2b6qk8oawh
|
Here, surfaces are defined, trimmed and merged, and filled to make solid. The surfaces are usually defined with datum curves in space and a variety of complex commands. Surfacing is more difficult, but better applicable to some manufacturing techniques, like injection molding. Solid models for injection molded parts usually have both surfacing and sketcher based features. Engineering drawings can be created semi-automatically and reference the solid models.
|
Parametric feature based modeler
|
c_9ynymxpbypf8
|
These initiatives were met with accusations that tokenism was the reason an individual was hired into a company when they differed from the dominant group. Dissatisfaction from minority groups eventually altered and/or raised the desire to achieve perfect employment opportunities in every job. The social justice model evolved next and extended the idea that individuals outside the dominant group should be given opportunities within the workplace, not only because it was instituted as a law, but because it was the right thing to do.
|
Workplace diversity
|
c_wjnqgmxnz2o6
|
The Daily Dot used a Phantom drone for first-hand footage of a building that collapsed in Harlem in March 2014.
|
Drone journalism
|
c_ndbqy17rcov7
|
The Brazilian Mathematical Olympiad of Public Schools (Portuguese: 'Olimpíada Brasileira de Matemática das Escolas Públicas') (OBMEP) is an annual Mathematics contest created in 2005 by the Brazilian Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT) and Ministério da Educação (MEC), in collaboration with Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (IMPA) and Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática (SBM), to stimulate the mathematics education in Brazil. It is open to public school students from fifth grade to high school. In 2014 more than 18 million students were enrolled for its first round.
|
Olimpíada Brasileira de Matemática das Escolas Públicas
|
c_4vknlgqhfw8r
|
Ozarkcollenia is an extinct genus of stromatolite-making cyanobacteria from Missouri, United States. It was related to Collenia. Ozarkcollenia may have formed in a lake of volcanic origin.
|
Ozarkcollenia
|
c_vgesz1jso28a
|
This steel contains greater concentrations of residual elements that cannot be removed through the application of oxygen and lime. It is used to make structural beams, plates, reinforcing bar, and other products that require little cold working. Downcycling of steel by hard-to-separate impurities such as copper or tin can only be prevented by well-aimed scrap selection or dilution by pure steel. Recycling one metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of steel saves 1.1 metric tons of iron ore, 630 kilograms of coal, and 55 kilograms of limestone.
|
Scrap metal
|
c_75j201465j1c
|
for i = 1 {\displaystyle i=1} to j {\displaystyle j} do % The number of iterations j is chosen by guesswork. L i := min ( {\displaystyle L_{i}:=\min(} current likelihood values of the points ) {\displaystyle )} ; X i := exp ( − i / N ) ; {\displaystyle X_{i}:=\exp(-i/N);} w i := X i − 1 − X i {\displaystyle w_{i}:=X_{i-1}-X_{i}} Z := Z + L i ⋅ w i ; {\displaystyle Z:=Z+L_{i}\cdot w_{i};} Save the point with least likelihood as a sample point with weight w i {\displaystyle w_{i}} . Update the point with least likelihood with some Markov chain Monte Carlo steps according to the prior, accepting only steps that keep the likelihood above L i {\displaystyle L_{i}} .
|
Nested sampling algorithm
|
c_san2fmglkye8
|
During the "Black Death" in the mid-14th century a spate of large-scale massacres occurred. One libel was that the Jews had poisoned the wells. In 1349, as panic grew along with the increasing death toll from the plague, general massacres, but also specifically mass burnings, began to occur.
|
Death by burning
|
c_oaej5j141h2v
|
Antithrombin inactivates its physiological target enzymes, Thrombin, Factor Xa and Factor IXa with rate constants of 7–11 x 103, 2.5 x 103 M−1 s−1 and 1 x 10 M−1 s−1 respectively. The rate of antithrombin-thrombin inactivation increases to 1.5 - 4 x 107 M−1 s−1 in the presence of heparin, i.e. the reaction is accelerated 2000-4000 fold. Factor Xa inhibition is accelerated by only 500 to 1000 fold in the presence of heparin and the maximal rate constant is 10 fold lower than that of thrombin inhibition. The rate enhancement of antithrombin-Factor IXa inhibition shows an approximate 1 million fold enhancement in the presence of heparin and physiological levels of calcium.AT-III binds to a specific pentasaccharide sulfation sequence contained within the heparin polymer GlcNAc/NS(6S)-GlcA-GlcNS(3S,6S)-IdoA(2S)-GlcNS(6S) Upon binding to this pentasaccharide sequence, inhibition of protease activity is increased by heparin as a result of two distinct mechanisms. In one mechanism heparin stimulation of Factor IXa and Xa inhibition depends on a conformational change within antithrombin involving the reactive site loop and is thus allosteric. In another mechanism stimulation of thrombin inhibition depends on the formation of a ternary complex between AT-III, thrombin, and heparin.
|
Antithrombin III
|
c_11kxjvea17p9
|
Wendelin Werner (born 23 September 1968) is a German-born French mathematician working on random processes such as self-avoiding random walks, Brownian motion, Schramm–Loewner evolution, and related theories in probability theory and mathematical physics. In 2006, at the 25th International Congress of Mathematicians in Madrid, Spain he received the Fields Medal "for his contributions to the development of stochastic Loewner evolution, the geometry of two-dimensional Brownian motion, and conformal field theory". He is currently Rouse Ball professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge.
|
Wendelin Werner
|
c_ukkm5wse0m2p
|
It is also the simplest example of a series non-directly related to ζ ( s ) {\displaystyle \zeta (s)} which can also be factorized as an Euler product, thus leading to the idea of Dirichlet character defining the exact set of Dirichlet series having a factorization over the prime numbers. At least for Re(s) ≥ 1: β ( s ) = ∏ p ≡ 1 m o d 4 1 1 − p − s ∏ p ≡ 3 m o d 4 1 1 + p − s {\displaystyle \beta (s)=\prod _{p\equiv 1\ \mathrm {mod} \ 4}{\frac {1}{1-p^{-s}}}\prod _{p\equiv 3\ \mathrm {mod} \ 4}{\frac {1}{1+p^{-s}}}} where p≡1 mod 4 are the primes of the form 4n+1 (5,13,17,...) and p≡3 mod 4 are the primes of the form 4n+3 (3,7,11,...). This can be written compactly as β ( s ) = ∏ p > 2 p prime 1 1 − ( − 1 ) p − 1 2 p − s . {\displaystyle \beta (s)=\prod _{p>2 \atop p{\text{ prime}}}{\frac {1}{1-\,\scriptstyle (-1)^{\frac {p-1}{2}}\textstyle p^{-s}}}.}
|
Catalan beta function
|
c_gokahgzur8q0
|
Plymouth is made up of two components: plymouthd, the daemon (or server) component is responsible for display, graphics, and logging. plymouth, the client, allows the user to control Plymouth settings, and handles unlocking of encrypted disks.Plymouth also provides a library, libply.so, to allow developers to create applications that interact with the daemon.
|
Plymouth (software)
|
c_gnacvctge0mq
|
Both parents feed the young.Northern races are nocturnal migrants, wintering in the southern parts of the breeding range, Central America and the West Indies. Southern forms are largely resident. This species is a very rare vagrant to western Europe. These birds feed on insects, which are usually captured in dense vegetation, but sometimes caught in midair.The common yellowthroat's song is a loud twichety twichety twichety twich. Its call is a soft jip.
|
Common yellowthroat
|
c_rug0jebggcb0
|
Besides dark fermentation, electrohydrogenesis (electrolysis using microbes) is another possibility. Using microbial fuel cells, wastewater or plants can be used to generate power. Biocatalysed electrolysis should not be confused with biological hydrogen production, as the latter only uses algae and with the latter, the algae itself generates the hydrogen instantly, where with biocatalysed electrolysis, this happens after running through the microbial fuel cell and a variety of aquatic plants can be used. These include reed sweetgrass, cordgrass, rice, tomatoes, lupines and algae.
|
Blue hydrogen
|
c_wx3a2c77iwd7
|
Their data refuted the hypothesis that 100% of the dark halo comprises MACHOs, but they found a significant unexplained excess of roughly 20% of the halo mass, which might be due to MACHOs or to lenses within the Large Magellanic Cloud itself. EROS subsequently published even stronger upper limits on MACHOs, and it is currently uncertain as to whether there is any halo microlensing excess that could be due to dark matter at all. The SuperMACHO project currently underway seeks to locate the lenses responsible for MACHO's results.
|
Gravitational microlensing
|
c_d7jlbcl8y3gv
|
Printed lines allow uniform placement of the entomological pin. Though this is convenient, it is dubious practice at best, because it obscures features that might be necessary for taxonomic or morphological studies. In any case, at the very least the glue should be sufficiently conveniently soluble to be removed with solvents when necessary.
|
Insect collecting
|
c_v4zcka4k2kcs
|
Non-smoking adults tried e-cigarettes due to curiosity, because a relative was using them, or because they were given one. College students often vape for experimentation. Millions of dollars spent on marketing aimed at smokers suggests e-cigarettes are "newer, healthier, cheaper and easier to use in smoke-free situations, all reasons that e-cigarette users claim motivate their use".Marketing messages echo well-established cigarette themes, including freedom, good taste, romance, sexuality, and sociability as well as messages stating that e-cigarettes are healthy, are useful for smoking cessation, and can be used in smoke free environments.
|
Usage of electronic cigarettes
|
c_81hew87ytryf
|
The two basic classes of IRUs/IMUs are "gimballed" and "strapdown". The older, larger gimballed systems have become less prevalent over the years as the performance of newer, smaller strapdown systems has improved greatly via the use of solid-state sensors and advanced real-time computer algorithms. Gimballed systems are still used in some high-precision applications where strapdown performance may not be as good.
|
Inertial Reference Unit
|
c_qca0jxz8dvwm
|
However, when the coupling's transmetalation step proceeds via the cyclic mechanism, addition of lithium chloride can actually decrease the rate. As in the cyclic mechanism, a neutral ligand, such as phosphine, must dissociate instead of the anionic X group.Finally, sources of fluoride ions, such as cesium fluoride, also effect on the catalytic cycle. First, fluoride can increase the rates of reactions of organotriflates, possibly by the same effect as lithium chloride. Furthermore, fluoride ions can act as scavengers for tin byproducts, making them easier to remove via filtration.
|
Stille cross coupling
|
c_7vorki9xzv2n
|
He recognized that modern science often judges color similarities to be superficial, but denied that equating existential similarities with abstract universal similarities makes natural kinds any less permanent and important. The human brain's capacity to recognize abstract kinds joins the brain's capacity to recognize existential similarities. Credit is due to man's inveterate ingenuity, or human sapience, for having worked around the blinding dazzle of color vision and found the more significant regularities elsewhere.
|
Natural kind
|
c_0jzdoatd64c3
|
This allowed the filtration and layering different hits, and with a possibility of re-sequencing them into a single piece. With the emergence of a new generation of samplers such as the AKAI S900 in the late 1980s, producers did not have to create complex, time-consuming tape loops. Public Enemy's first album was created with the help of large tape loops.
|
Hip hop music
|
c_r6m8tmbqpvx0
|
This happens when an attacker fails to control closure and crosses the defender's flight path from behind. Although not necessarily dangerous, it is possible for a flight path overshoot to cause the attacker to fly out in front of the defender. More often, however, it greatly reduces the attacker's angular advantage over the defender.
|
Basic fighter manoeuvre
|
c_vkxzqi6kjo2t
|
Machine to machine technology was first embraced by early implementers such as GM and Hughes Electronics Corporation who realized the benefits and future potential of the technology. By 1997, machine to machine wireless technology became more prevalent and sophisticated as ruggedized modules were developed and launched for the specific needs of different vertical markets such as automotive telematics. 21st century machine to machine data modules have newer features and capabilities such as onboard global positioning (GPS) technology, flexible land grid array surface mounting, embedded machine to machine optimized smart cards (like phone SIMs) known as MIMs or machine to machine identification modules, and embedded Java, an important enabling technology to accelerate the Internet of things (IOT).
|
Machine to Machine
|
c_mp2vi05b61uy
|
Differences in the functional VNTR have been identified as risk factors for bipolar disorder and ADHD. Data has emerged that suggests there is also an association with stronger withdrawal symptoms from alcoholism, although this is a point of controversy. An allele of the DAT gene with normal protein levels is associated with non-smoking behavior and ease of quitting. Additionally, male adolescents particularly those in high-risk families (ones marked by a disengaged mother and absence of maternal affection) who carry the 10-allele VNTR repeat show a statistically significant affinity for antisocial peers.Increased activity of DAT is associated with several different disorders, including clinical depression.Mutations in DAT have been shown to cause dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome, an autosomal recessive movement disorder characterized by progressively worsening dystonia and parkinsonism.
|
Dopamine active transporter
|
c_kl94lcf224n1
|
A developer can exceed the outright potential by negotiating with the Planning Department over the limitations on categories that have been identified in the various planning controls as "at the discretion of the Director of Planning". As noted above, this negotiating process gives the Planning Department significant leverage to negotiate design concessions or public benefits from developers; however, it does have numerous downsides, including: Uncertainty about development potential and costs: The absence of up-front quantifiable values for height, floor area, use and setbacks in discretionary planning make it difficult for planners, developers, architects, residents or any others to predict or forecast accurately what can be built on any site in the city or what the development costs will be; Lengthy planning approval: Arriving at a negotiated agreement for the development of a site – usually performed as a custom rezoning arrangement called "spot rezoning", especially for a large site – produces a significant amount of work for the developer, designer and planner; the excessive workload borne by the Planning Department on numerous such approvals at any given time causes delays in the issuing of permits for development. The City of Vancouver, as a result, has the longest wait times for permit approvals in the region.
|
Vancouverism
|
c_5x9s1lhl86uv
|
The ICS coordinate for the Western Wall at Jerusalem is: E 172249 m N 1131586 mThe first figure is the easting and means that the location is 172,249 meters east from the false origin (along the X axis). The second figure is the northing and puts the location 1,131,586 meters north of the false origin (along the Y axis). Also notice how the easting in this example is indicated with an “E” and likewise an “N” for the northing. The fact that the coordinate is in meters is indicated by the lowercase m. The table below shows the same coordinate in 3 different grids:
|
Israeli Cassini Soldner
|
c_kydtck8wjhq2
|
Amplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome (AMPS) is a long-term condition characterized by amplified pain without an identifiable physical cause. Other common symptoms include changes in the skin texture, color, and temperature; changes in hair and nail growth; skin sensitivity to touch, also known as allodynia; and dizziness, especially when going to a standing position after sitting. In up to 80% of cases, symptoms are caused by psychological trauma or psychological stress.
|
Amplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome
|
c_c90fnctkie81
|
Flywheel bolt pattern is the same as the six and V8 - with 1⁄2 inch (12.7 mm) bolts for the flywheel if produced after the 1966 model year. Production of the engine was shifted to Mexico in 1980, and later variants of this engine were marketed as the High Torque 4.8 L and by its RPO code "L25". It retained the separate intake (with a Rochester Monojet carburetor) and exhaust manifolds as used with the short deck motors (194-250). Availability of the 4.8 L engine was slowly curtailed from the late 1970s until production ceased entirely in 1988, and it was replaced by the 4.3 L V6. By 1987 it was only available (outside of California) as an option in 3⁄4-ton and 1-ton R/V-series trucks, and as the base engine in P20 and P30 Step-Vans.
|
Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift engine
|
c_lh4t8b0y3qg6
|
Over the years, some former Blizzard Entertainment employees have moved on and established gaming companies of their own. Several of these occurred following the merger between Activision Holdings and Blizzard's parent company at the time, Vivendi Games in 2008, and more recently as Activision Blizzard has directed Blizzard away from properties like Warcraft and Starcraft properties that are not seen as financial boons to the larger company. These employees left to form their smaller studios to give themselves the creative freedom that they were lacking at Blizzard. Collectively these studios are known as "Blizzard 2.0".
|
Silicon & Synapse
|
c_kvk73njojac5
|
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language defines it as "the lowest stratum of the proletariat. Used originally in Marxist theory to describe those members of the proletariat, especially criminals, vagrants, and the unemployed, who lacked awareness of their collective interest as an oppressed class." In modern usage, it is commonly defined to include the chronically unemployed, the homeless, and career criminals. The Communist Party USA website defines it as follows: In English translations of Marx and Engels, lumpenproletariat has sometimes been rendered as "social scum", "dangerous classes", "ragamuffin", and "ragged-proletariat".
|
Lumpenproletariat
|
c_xp81be916540
|
Illegal sales often take place over the internet. Many scientific papers have contained data from fossils which were obtained illegally. == References ==
|
Ventogyrus
|
c_y4sgeeag8cu6
|
Rough Trade filed for bankruptcy in 1991, but not before releasing Leary's solo project, The History of Dogs. The following year, Butthole Surfers shocked many fans and critics by signing with the major label Capitol Records. In 2017, Paul Leary reflected: "I grew up listening to The Beatles and Grand Funk Railroad and Dean Martin, and the thought of being on the same record label that they were on was too fucking weird, really weird. A lot of people gave us grief for doing that, but fuck: I wasn't going to turn that down.
|
Butthole Surfers
|
c_2zmtl8a5m3tn
|
Copyright Office within three months of the products' "publication". This publication includes everything from magazine advertisements to the garment's first public runway appearances. The bill would protect the designs for three years after the initial publication. If infringement of copyright occurred the infringer would be fined $250,000, or $5 per copy, whichever is a larger lump sum.
|
Fast fashion
|
c_9yt0jb26j8i6
|
Modeling food web exposure is difficult in risk assessment and requires many assumptions but this uncertainty can be reduced through tissue residue. Tissue residue may also allow provide a link between ecological risk assessment and human health risk assessment.The issues with using tissue residue in risk assessment are similar to the disadvantages listed above. == References ==
|
Tissue residue
|
c_xpxaxsprf90s
|
When initially released in 2008, the DE421 ephemeris covered the years 1900 to 2050. An additional data release in 2013 extended the coverage to the year 2200. DE422 was created in 2009 for the MESSENGER mission to Mercury.
|
Jet Propulsion Laboratory Development Ephemeris
|
c_6mkoj3cj2yb3
|
Two strips are again processed, one after the other, under this temperature and concentration setting. This process is continued until all 16 copper strips have been processed. Running the experiment in this way also results in a split-plot design in which the whole-plot factors are again solution concentration and solution temperature and the subplot factor is current.
|
Nested factors
|
c_ngku8am1s2ny
|
Income inequality is the extent to which income is distributed in an uneven manner. It can be measured by various methods, including the Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient. Many economists argue that certain amounts of inequality are necessary and desirable but that excessive inequality leads to efficiency problems and social injustice. Thereby necessitating initiatives like the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 10 aimed at reducing inequality.National income, measured by statistics such as net national income (NNI), measures the total income of individuals, corporations, and government in the economy. For more information see Measures of national income and output.
|
Economic income
|
c_26khv7fmiyt2
|
Using similar methods, in 1992, Lee Osterhout first reported the P600 response to syntactic anomalies. Violation designs have also been used for hemodynamic studies (fMRI and PET): Embick and colleagues, for example, used grammatical and spelling violations to investigate the location of syntactic processing in the brain using fMRI. Another common use of violation designs is to combine two kinds of violations in the same sentence and thus make predictions about how different language processes interact with one another; this type of crossing-violation study has been used extensively to investigate how syntactic and semantic processes interact while people read or hear sentences.
|
Neurolinguistics
|
c_xiciuhgjep9a
|
Vornicu founded the MathLinks Summer Program in 2011. This is a newly created three-week residential summer math program for students ages 12 to 18, based in San Diego, California.
|
Valentin Vornicu
|
c_2alfs8y9wqvl
|
The knives are thrown with vertical spin, lending them stability in the air, and are typically allowed to rotate once or twice before being caught. Knife juggling can be performed with any number of objects, but the vast majority of performers use three knives. Patterns used are usually basic and consist solely of a cascade, and sometimes involve simple juggling tricks such as an under the leg throw. This is due to the unwieldy nature and increased weight of knives and the increased level of danger when compared to such props as juggling clubs.
|
Knife juggling
|
c_bfsgpi8dihx2
|
: 106–111 Multiple-expansion engine manufacture continued well into the 20th century. All 2,700 Liberty ships built by the United States during World War II were powered by triple-expansion engines, because the capacity of the US to manufacture marine steam turbines was entirely directed to the building of warships. The biggest manufacturer of triple-expansion engines during the war was the Joshua Hendy Iron Works. Toward the end of the war, turbine-powered Victory ships were manufactured in increasing numbers.
|
Steeple engine
|
c_z4qcm4tqhlt3
|
Between the troposphere and stratosphere is the tropopause border that demarcates the beginning of the temperature inversion. Near the equator, the lower edge of the stratosphere is as high as 20 km (66,000 ft; 12 mi), at midlatitudes around 10 km (33,000 ft; 6.2 mi), and at the poles about 7 km (23,000 ft; 4.3 mi).
|
Stratosphere
|
c_ts97guvlna1b
|
The LLNL director is appointed by the board of governors of Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (LLNS) and reports to the board. The laboratory director also serves as the president of LLNS. Over the course of its history, the following scientists have served as LLNL director: 1952–1958 Herbert York 1958–1960 Edward Teller 1960–1961 Harold Brown 1961–1965 John S. Foster, Jr. 1965–1971 Michael M. May 1971–1988 Roger E. Batzel 1988–1994 John Nuckolls 1994–2002 C. Bruce Tarter 2002–2006 Michael R. Anastasio 2006–2011 George H. Miller 2011–2013 Penrose C. Albright 2013–2014 Bret Knapp, acting director 2014–2021 William H. Goldstein 2021–present Kimberly S. Budil
|
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
|
c_tlemgnp01n2h
|
The epicotyl will expand and form the point of attachment of the shoot apex and leaf primordia or "first true leaves". Cotyledons may remain belowground or be pushed up aboveground with the growing stem depending on the plant species in question. In plant physiology, the epicotyl is the embryonic shoot above the cotyledons.
|
Epicotyl
|
c_aamemcpq2uwv
|
Models of star formation by accretion from molecular clouds predict an upper limit to the mass a star can achieve before its radiation prevents further accretion. The most simplistic accretion models at population I metallicities predict a limit as low as 40 M☉, but more complex theories allow masses several times higher. An empirical limit of around 150 M☉ has become widely accepted.
|
Heaviest star
|
c_eo04f9frace4
|
The completion of the first permanent transatlantic telegraph cable on July 28, 1866, allowed the Naval Observatory at Washington to be synchronized with the Royal Observatory at Greenwich. The need for a separate national meridian for the United States gradually faded, and in 1884, U.S. President Chester A. Arthur called the International Meridian Conference in Washington which selected the meridian of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich as the international Prime Meridian. On August 12, 1912, the United States adopted the Prime Meridian of Greenwich for all uses, domestic and international. == References ==
|
32nd meridian west from Washington
|
c_qv4yjhx5gflr
|
As of 2019, Afro-Puerto Rican studies is not offered as a degree program by the University of Puerto Rico. Numerous academic publications, such as Arrancando Mitos De Raiz: Guia Para La Ensenanza Antirracista De La Herencia Africana En Puerto Rico, were scholarly works that established Isar Godreau as a leading academic in Afro-Puerto Rican Studies.
|
Black studies
|
c_ndyjn1w7qvsp
|
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 further tied some types of public school funding to the results of standardized testing. The goal of No Child Left Behind was to improve the education system in the United States by holding schools and teachers accountable for student achievement, including the educational achievement gap between minority and non-minority children in public schools. An additional factor in the United States education system is the socioeconomic background of the students being tested.
|
Standardized test
|
c_rc4d2gun7xdh
|
There are unique combinations of taps and slides for each character. With no upper limit on the number of keys on which each combination is based, the keyboard can be used for typing an unlimited variety of characters. Combinations encompassing up to three keys are used for typing in Latin-derived alphabets.
|
5-Tiles
|
c_2ho8nhsfr84i
|
(Also called suspended and blocked.) Processes that are blocked may also be swapped out. In this event the process is both swapped out and blocked, and may be swapped back in again under the same circumstances as a swapped out and waiting process (although in this case, the process will move to the blocked state, and may still be waiting for a resource to become available).
|
Process state
|
c_910bv8x5fsh6
|
The Anna reactor was a Polish research nuclear reactor of graphite-water design. Construction began in 1961 in a dedicated building in the Institute for Nuclear Research in Otwock near Warsaw. The Anna reactor was commissioned on June 12, 1963, thus becoming the second and eventually the third most powerful nuclear reactor in Poland (after Maria and Ewa).
|
Anna reactor
|
c_rt49y9j34hqh
|
POWO cites the Flora of North America (FNA) as an authority for Trillium erectum var. album (Michx.) Pursh.
|
Red trillium
|
c_4js2rturq0xg
|
Every vehicle engine is marked with an engine number by the factory. The engine number includes coded information, which can be decoded to reveal, for example, year of manufacture, country of manufacture, and engine type.
|
Engine number
|
c_dwbp9mm6uaj2
|
Adie syndrome, also known as Holmes-Adie syndrome, is a neurological disorder characterized by a tonically dilated pupil that reacts slowly to light but shows a more definite response to accommodation (i.e., light-near dissociation). It is frequently seen in females with absent knee or ankle jerks and impaired sweating. The syndrome is caused by damage to the postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic innervation of the eye, usually by a viral or bacterial infection that causes inflammation, and affects the pupil of the eye and the autonomic nervous system. It is named after the British neurologists William John Adie and Gordon Morgan Holmes, who independently described the same disease in 1931.
|
Adie syndrome
|
c_maclsxdad1lt
|
Some third-party CGA and EGA clones, such as the ATI Graphics Solution and the Paradise AutoSwitch EGA 480, could emulate the extra modes (usually describing them simply as 'Plantronics mode'). The Thomson TO16 (a PC-XT compatible) and the Olivetti M19 supported Plantronics modes, along with CGA.
|
Plantronics Colorplus
|
c_qqqqxxao47bx
|
The use of Lapine outside of the fictional world of the novels has been explored by Thomas E. Murray, who notes that the Lapine word "silflay" (meaning "To go above ground to feed. Literally, to feed outside.") has entered the English lexicon as more than a mere nonce word.
|
Lapine language
|
c_hwsys67m79yw
|
The fourth stock was estimated to be at a low stock status and the TAC was reduced by over 40% to allow the stock to rebuild.In addition, an industry sponsored Management Strategy Evaluation was completed that provided an estimate of the biomass that could support the maximum sustainable yield (≈25–27% of the unfished biomass). Based on this output, the fishing industry agreed to aim to maintain the orange roughy stocks within a management target range of 30–50% of the unfished biomass. Further to this, a Harvest Control Rule was agreed that would define what catch limits should be given an estimate of stock status. Catch limits for those fisheries are currently consistent with the outputs of the agreed Harvest Control Rule. In May 2014, three orange roughy fisheries entered full assessment against the Marine Stewardship Council Fisheries Standard.
|
Orange roughy
|
c_r7twqsl40moj
|
Proposed and developed in the 1950s, SPC was introduced in production electronic switching systems in the 1960s. The 101ESS private branch exchange (PBX) was a transitional switching system in the Bell System to provide expanded services to business customers that were otherwise still served by an electromechanical central office switch. The first central office switch with SPC was installed at Morris, Illinois, in a 1960 trial of electronic switching, followed by the first Western Electric 1ESS switch at Succasunna, NJ in 1965. Other examples of SPC-based third-generation switching systems include the British GPO TXE (various manufacturers), Metaconta 11 (ITT Europe), and the AKE, ARE.
|
Stored program control
|
c_q7t9cycikxpt
|
The concepts of Fitch-style proof, sequent calculus and natural deduction are generalizations of the concept of proof.The theorem is a syntactic consequence of all the well-formed formulas preceding it in the proof. For a well-formed formula to qualify as part of a proof, it must be the result of applying a rule of the deductive apparatus (of some formal system) to the previous well-formed formulas in the proof sequence. Formal proofs often are constructed with the help of computers in interactive theorem proving (e.g., through the use of proof checker and automated theorem prover). Significantly, these proofs can be checked automatically, also by computer. Checking formal proofs is usually simple, while the problem of finding proofs (automated theorem proving) is usually computationally intractable and/or only semi-decidable, depending upon the formal system in use.
|
Formal proof
|
c_n33k1hcw7fig
|
Public budgeting aims to allocate and manage government resources in a manner that maximizes their effectiveness and efficiency to attain public objectives and advance the welfare of the community. Furthermore, it also fosters accountability, transparency, and public participation in the budget process to ensure that government decisions align with public priorities and expectations.
|
Public budgeting
|
c_832ebcihg9ba
|
A recent study found that female fee-bee songs have both similarities with and differences from male fee-bee songs. Both sexes sometimes make a faint version of the song, and this appears to be used when feeding young. When males are out in the wild, they sing this song to defend their territory or attract a mate.
|
Black-capped chickadee
|
c_7mgjbw3i7br5
|
Bush goes into some technical details about instant photography and electric fax machines. In his days, wet photography was the most common, yet it takes a long time and is hard to shrink into a small camera. However, whiteprint technology might be miniaturized, leading to miniature dry photography.Printed material could be transmitted cheaply by digital signals, as demonstrated by electric fax machines.
|
As We May Think
|
c_2guxmyxpw1be
|
There is controversy over whether sexual masochism disorder should remain in the DSM. Those for the diagnosis argue the DSM differentiates between what is considered normal and pathology, and that retention of the diagnosis can be useful for research purposes, particularly in forensic populations. There also may be serious consequences (e.g., accidental death) if sexual masochism disorder is accompanied with asphyxiophilia, which involves practices to deprive oxygen to the brain. However, many authors suggest that sexual masochism disorder is based on public opinion rather than scientific research, and that the diagnosis contributes to continued misconceptions and stigmatization.The DSM-V-TR characterizes sexual interests as being normophilic (normal) or paraphilic (anomalous).
|
Sexual masochism disorder
|
c_wpy3ifr9klx1
|
7. ISBN 978-0-3850-5316-7.
|
Anchor Bible
|
c_8eyv6oybaoij
|
{\displaystyle \mathbf {e} _{1}={\frac {\rho }{\sqrt {m_{u}^{2}+m_{v}^{2}}}}\,{\begin{bmatrix}m_{v}\\-m_{u}\\0\end{bmatrix}}\,,\qquad \mathbf {e} _{2}=\mathbf {m} \times \mathbf {e} _{1}\ .} In any case, the vectors e1, e2 are orthogonal, parallel to the intersection plane and have length ρ (radius of the circle). Hence the intersection circle can be described by the parametric equation u = e 0 + e 1 cos t + e 2 sin t .
|
Scalene ellipsoid
|
c_jpc2yoq65l2z
|
In mineralogy, tenacity is a mineral's behavior when deformed or broken.
|
Tenacity (mineralogy)
|
c_tqts7ka1cib5
|
Political scientist Stephen Skowronek has proposed four main types of presidencies, and these types of presidencies also fit into a cycle. He proposes that the United States has had several political regimes over its history, regimes with a characteristic cycle of presidency types. Each political regime has had a dominant party and an opposition party, and presidents can be in either the dominant party or the opposition party. The cycle begins with a reconstructive president, one who typically serves more than one term.
|
Cyclical theory
|
c_qv7oacier84u
|
Secondly, mitotic rounding has been proposed to be a driver for morphological events during tissue development. Examples include epithelial invagination of the Drosophila melanogaster tracheal placode and the anisotropic shape and growth of the inner ear lumen in Zebrafish. Thirdly, mitotic rounding has been shown to be important to generate sufficient space and appropriate geometry for proper mitotic spindle function, which is necessary for timely and accurate progression through mitosis.Thus, mitotic cell rounding is involved in tissue organization and homeostasis.
|
Mitotic cell rounding
|
c_evfzxn1zdr5h
|
I. The Later Midrash-Compilations. Lanham, 2000: University Press of America. Studies in Judaism Series.
|
Jacob Neusner bibliography
|
c_m27fmub42389
|
Numerous practical advancements have been made in the field of genetics and molecular biology through the processes of genetic analysis. One of the most prevalent advancements during the late 20th and early 21st centuries is a greater understanding of cancer's link to genetics. By identifying which genes in the cancer cells are working abnormally, doctors can better diagnose and treat cancers.
|
Genetic analysis
|
c_6veomqrh9sm7
|
In June 2014, the government's National Security Service signed a deal worth $264 million US dollars with a Seychelles-based shell company to buy 30 tanks, 50,000 AK-47 assault rifles and 20 million bullets. The owner of the shell company currently remains unknown. In July 2014, the Chinese arms manufacturer Norinco delivered a shipment to South Sudan of 95,000 assault rifles and 20 million rounds of ammunition, supplying enough bullets to kill every person in South Sudan twice over.
|
Smuggled arms
|
c_b6avrhj0dtp3
|
The first impulse type turbine was created by Carl Gustaf de Laval in 1883. This was closely followed by the first practical reaction type turbine in 1884, built by Charles Parsons. Parsons’ first design was a multi-stage axial-flow unit, which George Westinghouse acquired and began manufacturing in 1895, while General Electric acquired de Laval's designs in 1897.
|
Turbo machinery
|
c_64xj2kwrbwpv
|
They use bullets, missiles and bombs. I haven't heard of the army using barrels, or maybe cooking pots. "Amnesty International issued a detailed report about Aleppo in 2015.
|
Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)
|
c_ijvow9ajupny
|
As human technology becomes more evolved, such as that required to launch objects into orbit or to cause deforestation, the impact of human activities on the environment potentially increases. The anthroposphere is the youngest of all the Earth's spheres, yet has made an enormous impact on the Earth and its systems in a very short time.Aspects of the anthroposphere include: mines from which minerals are obtained; automated agriculture which produces the food consumed by 7+ billion Sapiens; oil and gas fields; computer-based systems including the Internet; educational systems; landfills; factories; atmospheric pollution; artificial satellites in space, both active satellites and space junk; forestry and deforestation; urban development; transportation systems including roads, highways, and subways; nuclear installations; warfare. Technofossils are another interesting aspect of the anthroposphere. These can include objects like mobile phones that contain a diverse range of metals and man-made materials, raw materials like aluminum that do not exist in nature, and agglomerations of plastics created in areas like the Pacific Garbage Patch and on the beaches of the Pacific Islands.
|
Anthroposphere
|
c_w77n2idie03r
|
It sees too many sides at the same time and that is a drawback. "Psychosynthesis "has always been on the fringes of the 'official' therapy world" and it "is only recently that the concepts and methods of psychoanalysis and group analysis have been introduced into the training and practice of psychosynthesis psychotherapy".As a result, the movement has been at times exposed to the dangers of fossilisation and cultism, so that on occasion, having "started out reflecting the high-minded spiritual philosophy of its founder, became more and more authoritarian, more and more strident in its conviction that psychosynthesis was the One Truth".A more technical danger is that premature concern with the transpersonal may hamper dealing with personal psychosynthesis: for example, "evoking serenity ... might produce a false sense of well-being and security". Practitioners have noted how "inability to ... integrate the superconscious contact with everyday experience easily leads to inflation", and have spoken of "an 'Icarus complex', the tendency whereby spiritual ambition fails to take personality limitations into account and causes all sorts of psychological difficulties".
|
Psychosynthesis
|
c_f0y1twv9bae2
|
A convenience yield is an implied return on holding inventories. It is an adjustment to the cost of carry in the non-arbitrage pricing formula for forward prices in markets with trading constraints. Let F t , T {\displaystyle F_{t,T}} be the forward price of an asset with initial price S t {\displaystyle S_{t}} and maturity T {\displaystyle T} . Suppose that r {\displaystyle r} is the continuously compounded interest rate for one year.
|
Convenience yield
|
c_aqwoo59341nc
|
: 626 Since then implants have evolved into three basic types: Root form implants; the most common type of implant indicated for all uses. Within the root form type of implant, there are roughly 18 variants, all made of titanium but with different shapes and surface textures. There is limited evidence showing that implants with relatively smooth surfaces are less prone to peri-implantitis than implants with rougher surfaces and no evidence showing that any particular type of dental implant has superior long-term success.Zygoma implant; a long implant that can anchor to the cheek bone by passing through the maxillary sinus to retain a complete upper denture when bone is absent. While zygomatic implants offer a novel approach to severe bone loss in the upper jaw, it has not been shown to offer any advantage over bone grafting functionally although it may offer a less invasive option, depending on the size of the reconstruction required.Small diameter implants are implants of low diameter with one-piece construction (implant and abutment) that are sometimes used for denture retention or orthodontic anchorage.
|
Dental Implants
|
c_1wrsfu44bg0y
|
Macedonian embroidery encompasses all forms of embroideries that are part of Macedonian culture. Macedonian embroidery began to appear with the arrival of the Slavs to the Balkan peninsula and was transmitted through generations in accordance with the beliefs and spirituality of Macedonians. Macedonian embroidery reached its peak of development in the 19th century. The evolution of this artform, whose roots are proto-Slavic, also bears influence from other epochs and cultures.
|
Macedonian embroidery
|
c_v8wiarawwksh
|
Schopería owners consider themselves obligated to cater to the customers' preferences by hiring young and attractive waitresses, and the waitresses must defend against the customers' constant attention. Miners symbolize the ideal of the male worker, hostile to the bosses and to the moral authorities that have, over decades, tried to mold them into a disciplined and self-reproducing work force. Workers across the copper industry look to mining as the ultimate test of physical strength and therefore manhood.
|
Machismo
|
c_ecs55a8f1ssx
|
Such mosaics went out of fashion in the Islamic world after the 8th century, except for geometrical patterns in techniques such as zellij, which remain popular in many areas. Modern mosaics are made by artists and craftspeople around the world. Many materials other than traditional stone, ceramic tesserae, enameled and stained glass may be employed, including shells, beads, charms, chains, gears, coins, and pieces of costume jewelry.
|
Floor mosaic
|
c_6vat9weq7mng
|
If the player ever removes all of the cards from the permutation in this manner, then the player wins. If the player reaches the count n + 1 {\displaystyle n+1} and cards still remain, then the game is lost. In order for at least one card to be removed, the initial permutation of the cards must not be a derangement. However, this is not a sufficient condition for winning, because it does not take into account subsequent removals. The number of ways the cards can be arranged such that the entire game is won, for n = 1, 2, ..., are 1, 1, 2, 6, 15, 84, 330, 1812, 9978, 65503, ... (sequence A007709 in the OEIS).For example with four cards, the probability of winning is 0.25, but this reduces as the number of cards increases, and with thirteen cards it is about 0.0046.
|
Cayley's mousetrap
|
c_niivmq4wlog5
|
Non-territorial autonomy seems to some extent to be a better approach compared to territorial autonomy, firstly because minorities often live scattered in the country (even if the majority of representatives of a particular nationality are territorially concentrated, some individuals would still live outside the autonomous territory) and secondly, the creation of an autonomous territory would in turn mean the emergence of new minorities within this territory. However, the question may still arise whether minorities living compactly in a certain area would prefer a non-territorial autonomy model, which offers them only some cultural rights, but not special rights related to their main settlement area. This potential issue suggests that non-territorial autonomy may not be a viable solution in several cases.
|
Non-territorial autonomy
|
c_7k0hwvsjuv2l
|
Paul Vixie stated after the sale of IP address space that "ampr.org can make better use of money than IP space in fulfilling its nonprofit mission, at this stage of the game. "Doug Barton, a former manager of Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, said the "reaction that we're seeing now is 100% predictable ... that doesn't change anything about my opinion that the sale itself was totally reasonable, done by reasonable people, and in keeping with the concept of being good stewards of the space.
|
AMPRNet
|
c_loxa0ofk5hod
|
Although similar, the methods and design of the three vary widely. There are two-level home plans, as well as custom home plans. There are considerable differences in the construction types.
|
Prefabricated Home
|
c_5ha5sj3muv7x
|
It was found to be at the highest level in colostrum, dropped to the lowest level during 1 - 12 months of lactation, and then increased significantly during the 13-24 months of lactation, close to the Lf concentration in colostrum. At over 24 months the level dropped, though not significantly. These have been shown to support the child's immune system's antibodies.
|
Extended breastfeeding
|
c_ovtxcr81rc15
|
Consistent use of a specific character over time, with some slight variations in carving style, helped develop similarities among these shared symbols that allowed people to recognize one from another. For example, the raven is symbolized by a long, straight beak, while the eagle's beak is curved, and a beaver is depicted with two large front teeth, a piece of wood held in his front paws, and a paddle-shaped tail. The meanings of the designs on totem poles are as varied as the cultures that make them.
|
Totem Pole
|
c_btc5zsctpc0f
|
A similar conclusion held for real output: "The real output/stagnation hypothesis is strongly confirmed. Technologically stagnant industries have shown slower growth in real output than have the technologically dynamic ones. A one percentage-point higher productivity growth was associated with a three-quarters percentage-point higher real output growth." An important implication of Baumol effect is that it should be expected that, in a world with technological progress, the costs of manufactured goods will tend to fall (as productivity in manufacturing continually increases) while the costs of labor-intensive services like education, legal services, and health care (where productivity growth is persistently slow) will tend to rise (see chart).
|
Baumol's cost disease
|
c_a7t39e3n2h56
|
Bottlenose dolphins have a lifespan of 40–60 years. Females can outlive males and live for 60 years or more. Dolphins start to reproduce aged 5 to 15 years.
|
Bottlenose dolphin
|
c_v96m7xiprh3z
|
Navy Lieutenant Commander, is working on her PhD in history by researching the naval policies of President Woodrow Wilson between assignments. She stumbles across a reference to a "North American Treaty" in a long forgotten letter and is intrigued when she finds out that all traces of the treaty appear to have been erased from the National Archives. The North American Treaty, it is later revealed, was a landmark agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom.
|
Night Probe!
|
c_q4ilg2vuceds
|
The school choice setting. The New Orleans Recovery School District adopted school choice version of TTC in 2012.3. The kidney exchange setting: Top Trading Cycles and Chains (TTCC).
|
Top trading cycle
|
c_iq7enpxdkoqe
|
There are enclitics used after words to denote possession. For example: китоб (kitob, "book"), китобам (kitobam, "my book"), китобат (kitobat, "your book"). When following a vowel, for example китобҳо (kitobho, books), the leading '-а' is changed to '-я'. The phrase "their books", would be китобҳояшон (kitobhoyashon).
|
Tajik grammar
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.