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: Reports of wireworm, brown stomach-worm and other worms were received from most provinces. Consult your vet about selecting the correct anthelmintic group as anthelmintic resistance is rife. Resistance to groups differ from farm to farm.
- Tapeworms: Young animals should be watched for clinical signs such as diarrhoea and pot belly. See if animals are shedding white segments (proglottids) in the faeces. Remember animals become infected when they eat infected grass mites and are not infected via their mother’s milk or some other way.
- Parafilaria: Cattle with bleeding spots were reported from Limpopo, North West, Free State and KwaZulu-Natal. At slaughter these lesions will be removed and farmers will lose revenue. Animals should be treated 70 days before slaughter to allow the lesions to heal.
- Flukes: Study reports from abattoirs to see whether animals slaughtered were infested with liver fluke and discuss control measures with your vet. There is also a blood test available to establish whether an animal is infected with liver fluke.
Be on the lookout for animals with profuse diarrhoea after being moved to camps where there are wet vleis or dams where the infected water snails (hosts) are present.
- Cysticercosis (measles): Farmers should strive to prevent infection of animals, as great losses occur when carcasses are condemned or degraded at abattoirs.
- Coccidiosis: Infections were reported from most provinces. Young animals are especially at risk. Wet and muddy conditions are an ideal place for young animals to become infected with this parasite. Discuss preventative measures with your vet.
- Ticks: Blue ticks cause anaemia and transmit African and Asiatic red water, anaplasmosis and lumpy skin disease. Reports of these ticks were received from all provinces except the Northern Cape. Assess the efficacy of control programmes with your vet.
Bont and bont-legged ticks have long mouth parts which cause extensive hide damage. If these wounds are not treated timeously, death may occur. The bont or heartwater tick transmits heartwater and the toxin of the bont-legged tick causes sweating sickness. When these ticks attach between the claws of animals lameness may result.
Hundreds of brown ear-ticks attached to the ears are a common sight this time of the year. If ears are not treated regularly animals may lose ears and even die of tick toxicosis. These ticks can also transmit Theileria, the cause of Corridor disease.
Discuss the life cycles of these ticks and how to control them with your vet, keeping in mind tick resistance. Engorged blue ticks can be collected and tested for resistance. Do not use a homemade pour-on as this is a sure way of selecting for tick resistance and having residues in the meat.
Actives that are used to control ticks are: organophosphates, amidines, pyrethroids, tick development inhibitors (fluazuron) and, for blue ticks, the macrocyclic lactones.
- Lice: Numbers of sucking and biting lice are decreasing. Farmers with wool sheep should check their sheep regularly for lice as they cause serious disturbance of the fleece. There is serious red lice resistance to drugs and therefore farmers should be aware of buying in sheep with lice.
- Mites: Be on the lookout for disturbances in wool and report these to the State Vet as required by law. Sheep scab is a state-controlled disease. Biosecurity measures to prevent sheep becoming infected should be in place at all times.
- Flies, midges and mosquitoes: Numerous reports of nuisance flies, blowflies, screw-worm and nasal bot were received. Be on the lookout for diseases carried by these insects.
- African and Asiatic red water: Serious losses were reported from many provinces. In most cases the remaining animals were blocked treated with drugs to prevent further deaths. Discuss vaccination programmes with your vet. Asiatic red water is a killer disease and proper steps should be taken to control this it.
- Anaplasmosis: Numerous reports of outbreaks were received from most provinces. This disease is spread by blue ticks, biting flies and needles (vaccinations).
- Heartwater: Causes serious problems in areas where the bont tick is prevalent. Farmers are looking forward to the day when a safe heartwater vaccine is registered.
- Lumpy skin disease: Incidences were reported from all over the country. As vaccines are available to control this disease one can only wonder why vaccination programmes are not followed? Emphasis should be put on training programmes for communal farmers.
- Three day stiff sickness: Vaccine is not available and serious losses were recorded.
- Blue tongue: Reports were received from all over the country except Limpopo. Due to the unavailability of vaccine, young unvaccinated sheep were especially hard hit.
- Rift Valley Fever and Wesselsbron disease: A suspected Rift Valley fever case turned out to be negative. A positive case of Wesselsbron disease was reported from Howick, KZN.
Only a few bulls were tested for venereal diseases during this time of the year as they are in with the cows. It is of utmost importance that biosecurity measures are in place.
The following bacterial diseases were reported: blackquarter, pulpy kidney, lamb dysentery, swelled head, red gut, blood gut, tetanus, salmonellosis, enzootic abortion, colibacillosis, lumpy wool and senkobo disease.
The following viral diseases were reported: Bovine malignant catarrh (snotsiekte), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD), enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL), jaagsiekte, orf and warts.
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was reported from all over the country with high mortality figures.
In drought conditions plant poisonings are usually on the increase as these are green amid the dry grass. The following toxicities were reported: cardiac glycoside, tulip, ink berry (Cestrum), Cynanchum (klimop), facial eczema, dikoor, geeldikkop, Senecio, Lantana, lupins, krimpsiekte, malkop ui (Dipcadi glaucum), blue green algae, prussic acid, mycotoxicosis, organophosphate, ionophor, lead, urea, nitrate and snake bite.
Draw up a protocol with your vet on how to treat these poisonings should it occur on your farm.
- Numerous cases of wireworm were reported and some weaker animals arriving at the feedlot were not able to adapt.
- Numerous kraals had outbreaks of lumpy skin disease.
- Numerous kraals still have carcasses infested with measles although the incidence is lower in comparison to other years. The cattle that are positive are mainly from communal areas.
- Anaplasmosis and red water were reported from numerous kraals and background facilities.Prospects of population decline in Japan
Population and Societies
n° 449, October 2008
As the number of births falls below replacement level in many countries, the developed world is living with the fear of demographic ageing and population decline. With one of the world’s lowest fertility rates - 1.3 children per woman - and the highest life expectancy, Japan is an extreme illustration of this trend. Analysing the latest Japanese population projections, Jacques Véron explains the inevitable and possible consequences for the country’s demographic future.
Under the medium variant of the demographic projections issued in 2006 by the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research in Japan, the Japanese population is set to fall more than 30 million by 2050. Rapid population ageing will also occur due to increasing life expectancy - already the world’s longest - and lowest-low fertility: 1.3 children per woman on average in 2006. The economically active population will continue to decline and the dependency ratio will rise dramatically as the proportion of over-65s increases. A limited upturn in fertility, measured opening of the Japanese borders or marginal behavioural changes in the working population are unlikely to have much impact on these projected trends.Hepimiz ılımlı bir bardak kırmızı şarap içmenin sağlığımız için iyi olabileceğini duyduk. Ancak günümüzde araştırmacılar dergide yayınlanan bir çalışmaya göre, şarap içmenin de depresyon riskini azaltabileceğini bulmuşlardır.
İspanya’dan araştırmacılar, PREDIMED Deneme’den beslenme ve kardiyovasküler risk ile ilgili araştırmalar yürüten bir çalışma olan 7 yıl boyunca 2.683 erkek ve 2.822 kadını analiz etti.
Tüm katılımcılar, 55 ve 80 yaşları arasındaydı ve çalışma başladığı sırada depresyon veya alkolle ilgili sorunlar öyküsü yoktu.
Alkol alımını değerlendirmek için yıllık olarak 137 maddelik gıda sıklığı anketini doldurmaları istenmiş ve çalışma süresince akıl sağlığı ve yaşam tarzları analiz edilmiştir.
Haftada iki ila yedi bardak şarap ‘depresyonunu azaltabilir’
Araştırmanın bulguları, orta derecede alkol tüketenlerin (günde 5 ila 15 g), depresyondan muzdarip olma olasılığının daha düşük olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Araştırmacılar, haftada 2 ila 7 bardak şarap içmek, depresyon riskini azaltabileceğini söylüyor.
Ayrıca, haftalık olarak (haftada iki ila yedi küçük gözlük) orta derecede bir şarap içenlerin, daha düşük bir depresyon riski taşıdıkları bulunmuştur.
Araştırmacılar, yaşam kalitesi ve medeni durum, sigara ve diyet gibi sosyal faktörleri hesaba katsa bile bu sonuçların aynı kaldığını söylüyorlar.
Bununla birlikte, başka bulgular, şarap tüketiminin haftada yedi bardaktan fazla olduğunu düşündürmek depresyon riskini artırabilir. Çalışma yazarları, daha fazla alkol tüketiminin erkeklere daha sık atfedildiğini ve% 88’inin günde 15 gramdan fazla alkol aldığını eklemektedir.
PREDIMED denemesinden yapılan önceki araştırmalar, düşük-orta derecede alkolün kalp hastalığına karşı koruyabileceğini ve çalışma yazarlarının sürecin bağlantılı olabileceğini öne sürdü:
“Unipolar depresyon ve kardiyovasküler hastalıkların bazı ortak patofizyolojik mekanizmaları paylaşması muhtemeldir.
Orta derecede alkol alımının, özellikle de şarabın alkolünün, tekrar tekrar kardiyovasküler hastalık insidansı ile ilişkili olduğu bildirilmiştir. Bu ters ilişki için sorumlu mekanizmaların bir kısmı da daha az depresyon riski altındadır. ”
Ağır içicilerde depresyon oranları ‘düşük tahmin edilebilir’ olabilir
Çalışma yazarları, bu örneklem için, büyük örneklem büyüklüğü de dahil olmak üzere, pek çok güç olduğunu söyleseler de, bazı sınırlamalar konusunda uyarırlar.
Araştırmacılar, “Biz sadece klinik depresyon tanısı kullanmıyoruz. Muhtemelen, duyarlılığı kaybetme pahasına yüksek bir özgüllük elde ediyoruz” diyorlar.
“Dahası, alkol tüketim kalıplarının bakıma karar verme kararlarıyla ilişkili olabileceği ihtimali vardır. Eğer ağır içenler tıbbi bakım aramalarına daha az eğilimli olsalardı, bu durum aşırı alkollü içenler arasında depresyon oranlarının düşük olmasına neden olabilir.”
Önceki araştırmalar, şarap tüketiminin diğer birçok sağlık yararını destekleyebileceğini ileri sürmüştür. Geçen yıl Leicester Üniversitesi’nden yapılan bir araştırmada, kırmızı şarapta, resveratol denen bir kimyasalın kanseri önlemeye yardımcı olabileceği tespit edildi.
Barselona Üniversitesi’nden yapılan diğer araştırmalar, şarapta bulunan bileşiklerin bile şiddetli güneş yanığına karşı korunabileceğini ileri sürdü.|Part of a series on|
The Mudgala Purana (Sanskrit:मुद्गल पुराणम्; mudgala purāṇam ) is a Hindu religious text dedicated to the Hindu deity Ganesha (Gaṇeśa). It is an upapurāṇa that includes many stories and ritualistic elements relating to Ganesha. The Ganesha Purana and the Mudgala Purana are core scriptures for devotees of Ganesha, known as Ganapatyas (Gāṇapatya). These are the only two Purana that are exclusively dedicated to Ganesha.
Date of the work
There is little agreement on the date of the Mudgala Purana. Phyllis Granoff reviews the internal evidence and concludes that the Mudgala was the last of the philosophical texts concerned with Ganesha R. C. Hazra suggested that the Mudgala Purana is earlier than the Ganesha Purana which he dates between 1100 and 1400 A.D. Granoff finds problems with this relative dating because the Mudgala Purana specifically mentions the Ganesha Purana as one of the four Puranas that deal at length with Ganesha. These are the Brahma, the Brahmaṇḍa, the Ganesha, and the Mudgala puranas. Courtright, says that the Mudgala Purana dates from the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries but he gives no reason for this. Thapan (pp. 30–33) reviews different views on the relative dating of these two works and notes that the Mudgala Purana, like other Puranas, is a multi-laid work. She says that the kernel of the text must be old and that it must have continued to receive interpolations until the 17th and 18th centuries as the worship of Ganapati became more important in certain regions.
Source editions for the text
As of 2007 no "critical edition" had been issued for the Mudgala Purana. A "critical edition" of a Purana is a special type of scholarly edition in which many alternative readings from variant manuscripts have been reviewed and reconciled by scholars to produce a consensus text. If there is no critical edition, it means that individual editions may show significant variations in content and line numbering from one another. This is the case with the Mudgala Purana, so it is necessary to review multiple editions, which may differ from one another in significant ways. The most common edition currently available is Mudgala Purana ( both Sanskrit and Prakrut versions ) written by Late (Prof.) Dr. Sitaram Ganesh Desai and published by Mudgala Puran Prakashan Mandal, Dadar, Mumbai . The Sanskrit edition is also available and published by Ganeshyogi Maharaj of Kempwad, Karnataka . For 32 forms of ganapati as described in Mudgala Purana: Thirty-two forms of Ganesha.
The eight incarnations of Ganesha
Like the Ganesha Purana, the Mudgala Purana considers Ganesha to represent the ultimate reality of being. As such, Ganesha's manifestations are endless but eight of his incarnations (Sanskrit:अवतार; avatāra) are of most importance. The eight incarnations are introduced in MudP 1.17.24-28. The text is organized into sections for each of these incarnations. These are not the same as the four incarnations of Ganesha that are described in the Ganesha Purana.
The incarnation described in the Mudgala Purana took place in different cosmic ages. The Mudgala Purana uses these incarnations to express complex philosophical concepts associated with the progressive creation of the world. Each incarnation represents a stage of the absolute as it unfolds into creation. Granoff provides a summary of the philosophical meaning of each incarnation within the framework of the Mudgala Purana: Along with the philosophy, typical Puranic themes of battles with demons provide much of the story line. The incarnations appear in the following order:
- Vakratunda (Vakratuṇḍa) ("twisting trunk"), first in the series, represents the absolute as the aggregate of all bodies, an embodiment of the form of Brahman. The purpose of this incarnation is to overcome the demon Matsaryāsura (envy, jealousy). His mount (vāhana) is a lion.
- Ekadanta ("single tusk") represents the aggregate of all individual souls, an embodiment of the essential nature of Brahman. the purpose of this incarnation is to overcome the demon Madāsura (arrogance, conceit). His mount is a mouse.
- Mahodara ("big belly") is a synthesis of both Vakratuṇḍa and Ekadanta. It is the absolute as it enters into the creative process. It is an embodiment of the wisdom of Brahman. The purpose of this incarnation is to overcome the demon Mohāsura (delusion, confusion). His mount is a mouse.
- Gajavaktra (or Gajānana) ("elephant face") is a counterpart to Mahodara. The purpose of this incarnation is to overcome the demon Lobhāsura (greed). His mount is a mouse.
- Lambodara ("pendulous belly") is the first of four incarnations that correspond to the stage where the Purāṇic gods are created. Lambodara corresponds to Śakti, the pure power of Brahman. The purpose of this incarnation is to overcome the demon Krodhāsura (anger). His mount is a mouse.
- Vikata (Vikaṭa) ("unusual form", "misshapen") corresponds to Sūrya. He is an embodiment of the illuminating nature of Brahman. The purpose of this incarnation is to overcome the demon Kāmāsura (lust). His mount is a peacock.
- Vighnaraja (Vighnarāja) ("king of obstacles"), corresponds to Viṣṇu. He is an embodiment of the preserving nature of Brahman. The purpose of this incarnation is to overcome the demon Mamāsura (possessiveness). His mount is the celestial serpent Shesha.
- Dhumravarna (Dhūmravarṇa) ("grey color") corresponds to Śiva. He is an embodiment of the destructive nature of Brahman. The purpose of this incarnation is to overcome the demon Abhimanāsura (pride, attachment). His mount is a mouse.
- Thapan, Anita Raina (1997). Understanding Gaṇapati: Insights into the dynamics of a cult. Manohar Publishers. p. 304. ISBN 81-7304-195-4.
- Phyllis Granoff, "Gaṇeśa as Metaphor," in Robert L. Brown (ed.) Ganesh: Studies of an Asian God, pp. 94-5, note 2. ISBN 0-7914-0657-1
- R. C. Hazra, "The Gaṇeśa Purāṇa," Journal of the Ganganatha Jha Research Institute (1951);79-99.
- Paul B. Courtright, p. 214, Gaṇeśa: Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings. (Oxford University Press: New York, 1985) ISBN 0-19-505742-2
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室外画廊：著名的东侧画廊-它属于柏林城墙的一部分。在城墙倒塌后不久,共有来自21个国家的118名艺术家在这里绘制出称为Hinterlandmauer（这面墙面对这城市的东半部）的作品,并同样在东德边界的守卫之下。它由106幅作品组成,包括Dmitri Vrubel世界闻名的“Kiss of Death(死之吻)”或“Fraternal Kiss(兄弟吻)”以及由Kinder所创作的“Test the Best”,它呈现了前东德品牌汽车Trabant当时撞击城墙时的场面。
这些独一无二的艺术作品正在经受严峻的考验：由于雨水和冰霜不断地侵蚀墙内的钢框架,大面积的艺术作品都大量被腐蚀。于是,今年它不得不花费110万欧元来进行修复。柏林墙在德国首都是最受欢迎的景点之一,每年吸引着50万的游客来此观光游览。
微信扫一扫，将本文轻松分享到朋友圈！John Stuart Mill’s Utilitarianism has produced a groundbreaking effect on the field of philosophy. Mill went down in history of philosophy as a founder of theory based on the principle of moral good. This theory determines morally correct action and has essential practical application. It puts am emphasis on the things which bring moral good, and does not pay attention to the fact whether moral good corresponds to the moral duty. Utilitarianism and its focus on moral good seems to be the best way of ethical decision making, and practical application of its principles shows its efficiency.
Mill’s theory of utilitarianism consists of two components: the theory of good and the theory of the right. He stated that human actions are right only when they comply with moral rules. In addition, valid moral rules are those, which produce the greatest good. In his theory of utilitarianism, Mill emphasizes on the principle of utility, according to which happiness is the most desirable moral outcome, and people should consider it in their actions. However, it should be general happiness, not the personal one. It should promote the happiness of other people. Such thoughts really make sense as when something brings happiness to the vast majority instead of one individual, it is morally right. Mill also stated that taking significant moral decisions, an individual should consider ways of good promotion first and foremost.
This moral theory can find its proper application in everyday life while finding the solution to modern moral dilemma. For instance, it may help to decide whether it would be morally right to tell the police about Stuart, who robbed $2000 from a local grocery store. In order to provide the answer to this question, one has to take into account the fact that Stuart comes from a family which experiences severe financial problems. He robbed the grocery store not for himself but for his family as he wanted to support them. Moreover, telling police the truth will deprive Stuart of his right to get the Villanova scholarship. Also, he will not be able to get a decent job. Furthermore, the grocery store is insured and will get the money anyway.
According to the Mill’s theory of utilitarianism and principle of utility in particular, it would be morally right to provide alibi to Stuart. There exist several reasons for it.
- a) Stuart’s family and consequence of truth telling. Currently, his family experiences huge financial problems. However, their situation may improve because Stuart has provided them with a necessary financial assistance to stop experiencing financial problems. In case of truth telling, all the family members will be miserable because the police officers will take the money from them.
- b) Effect of truth telling on Stuart’s life. Stuart is sincerely happy. Despite the fact that he had to rob the grocery store, he managed to get the money to help his family. In case of telling the truth, Stuart will be imprisoned and deprived of the Villanova scholarship. Such consequence will definitely ruin his life.
- c) Truth telling and grocery store. The authorities of grocery store are negatively affected due to loss of a considerable sum of money. However, in case of police officers’ inability to find the criminal, the insurance company will be obliged to cover the loss. The sum of insurance often exceeds the robbed sum. Therefore, the store’s management will be satisfied because they will get their money back.
Analysis of the situation has showed that according to the principle of the utility, providing Stuart with alibi will result in general happiness. Necip Alican (1994) states that “Mill takes happiness as the highest good, and sets up the greatest happiness of the greatest number of the standard of morality and defines happiness as ‘pleasure and absence of pain’” (p. 10).
Thus, keeping Stuart’s secret will promote happiness of greater number of people than revealing the truth. The latter will cause pain and sufferings and distort the lives of affected people.
The only objection to the problem resolution is the fact that moral approval of the crime may lead to its spread and even popularization. In other words, it means that robbing a grocery store for the benefit of others is advantageous when it happens once. However, regular crimes of such kind may lead to disaster. If every person experiencing financial difficulties starts robbing stores and banks, it will result in chaos and anarchy. Such way-out of the problem will stop causing general happiness and will definitely have drastic side effects. Looking at the issue of robbery from this angle contradicts the moral reasoning discussed above.
Kant’s theory of deontology faces the same objection. Kant states that people should give preference to actions that are right over those that are good. Barbara McKinnon and Andrew Fiala (2015) discuss the differences between the theory of utilitarianism and Kant’s theory of deontology and state:
Benefit from Our Service: Save 25% Along with the first order offer - 15% discount, you save extra 10% since we provide 300 words/page instead of 275 words/page
While utilitarian ethics focuses on producing the greatest happiness for the greatest number, deontological ethics focuses on what makes us worthy happiness. For Kant, as for the Stoics and others who emphasize duty, we are worthy of happiness only when we do our duty. (p. 68)
Kant’s theory of deontology contradicts the proposed solution to dilemma under analysis. According to him, it will be morally right to reveal Stuart’s crime to police and allow him to go to jail. Principle of universalizability contravenes the principle of utility, because the first one indicates that the rules should be equal for all people. The proposed solution is based on the assumption that single emphasizing of moral good over the moral duty is beneficial. It opposes Kant’s principle of universalizability, which requires following the rules without any exceptions.
In conclusion, it should be assumed that John Stuart Mill’s theory of utilitarianism is quite efficient. It presupposes that the moral decision is positive if it results in general happiness. Even despite the fact that it may contradict the legal regulations adopted and accepted by society, it is morally and ethically right. The basis of the theory is formed by the principle of utility. It emphasizes the fact that an action becomes morally good only when it results in mass satisfaction and pain reduction. The practical application of this theory in the case of crime has proved to be quite effective considering that it only happens once. If the solution to the same problem is constantly repeated, it will stop being beneficial for the vast majority and will start causing detrimental consequences. Sticking to the Mill’s theory of utilitarianism while searching for the solution to dilemma under analysis contradicts Kant’s theory of deontology and its principle of universalizability. This principle requires fulfilling the duties without exceptions. Analysis of the dilemma and consideration of all pros and cons has lead to the conclusion that the proper solution would be providing alibi to a friend and assisting him in avoiding the punishment.
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دارد
فرهاد رمضان کارشناس بازار سرمایه در گفتوگو با خبرنگار بورس گروه اقتصادی باشگاه خبرنگاران جوان ، در رابطه با عرضه سهم های دولتی طی سال ۱۴۰۰ ، اظهار کرد: در رابطه با عرضه صندوق های دولتی باید گفت که اگر کار از طریق آموزش و اطلاع رسانی درست انجام شود علاوه بر بازار سرمایه به نفع سهامداران نیز خواهد بود .
او تصریح کرد: دولت باید نسبت به صندوق های قابل معامله رویکرد یکسان داشته باشد، یعنی همه را بایک فرمول و ابزار سیاستی مورد حمایت قرار دهد در غیر این صورت باز رویه ای که طی سال گذشته در رابطه با پالایش یکم و دارایکم به کار گرفته شد، تکرار می شود.
این کارشناس بازار سرمایه تصریح کرد: عرضه صندوق های دولتی که طی سال ۹۹ انجام شد در واقع یک ابزار نوینی بود که سیاست گذاران برای نخستین بار آن را اجرا کردند، اگر در سال ۱۴۰۰ دوباره دولت بخواهد عرضه های دولتی را انجام دهد نیاز به بازنگری در قوانین دارد .
رمضان گفت: تجربه رشد ۵ ماه اول بازار و ریزش ۷ ماهه بعدی در سال ۹۹ توانسته بینش خوبی را برای سهامداران ایجاد کند به همین دلیل سازمان بورس باید فرصت نوروز را برای خود مغتنم شمارد به گونهای که یک فراخوان هم اندیشی به منظور تغییر و بازنگری در قوانین بازار سرمایه انجام دهد.
بیشتر بخوانید
او گفت : باید هدف دولت از عرضه ها در بازار سرمایه مشخص باشد به طور مثال باید مشخص شود آیا هدفش از این عرضه ها جبران کسری بودجه است یا خیر می خواهد با این کار مردم را به سرمایه گذاری تشویق کند .
رمضان گفت: بازار زمانی عمیق می شود که بازار بدهی ، اوراق صندوق یا سهام های دولتی در کنار هم و با مدیریت درستی عرضه شوند.
انتهای پیام/Questa rievocazione storica si tiene ogni anno in occasione del Ferragosto. La gara vera e propria è preceduta da un corteo in costume, dopodiché tre squadre composte da quattro concorrenti, in rappresentanza delle tre storiche Ville di Bolognola, si sfidano in una corsa per le vie del paese, portando fino al traguardo un grosso secchio pieno d’acqua, cercando di rovesciarne il meno possibile lungo la strada. La Villa vincitrice è quella che ottiene il miglior coefficiente dato dal tempo di percorrenza e dalla quantità d’acqua conservata.
Maggiori informazioni? Cliccate qui: http://turismo.comune.bolognola.mc.it/tradizioni/rievocazioni-storiche/1 Network Working Group D. Barr 2 Request for Comments: 1912 The Pennsylvania State University 3 Obsoletes: 1537 February 1996 4 Category: Informational 5 6 7 Common DNS Operational and Configuration Errors 8 9 Status of this Memo 10 11 This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo 12 does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of 13 this memo is unlimited. 14 15 Abstract 16 17 This memo describes errors often found in both the operation of 18 Domain Name System (DNS) servers, and in the data that these DNS 19 servers contain. This memo tries to summarize current Internet 20 requirements as well as common practice in the operation and 21 configuration of the DNS. This memo also tries to summarize or 22 expand upon issues raised in [RFC 1537]. 23 24 1. Introduction 25 26 Running a nameserver is not a trivial task. There are many things 27 that can go wrong, and many decisions have to be made about what data 28 to put in the DNS and how to set up servers. This memo attempts to 29 address many of the common mistakes and pitfalls that are made in DNS 30 data as well as in the operation of nameservers. Discussions are 31 also made regarding some other relevant issues such as server or 32 resolver bugs, and a few political issues with respect to the 33 operation of DNS on the Internet. 34 35 2. DNS Data 36 37 This section discusses problems people typically have with the DNS 38 data in their nameserver, as found in the zone data files that the 39 nameserver loads into memory. 40 41 2.1 Inconsistent, Missing, or Bad Data 42 43 Every Internet-reachable host should have a name. The consequences 44 of this are becoming more and more obvious. Many services available 45 on the Internet will not talk to you if you aren't correctly 46 registered in the DNS. 47 48 49 50 51 52 Barr Informational [Page 1] 53 RFC 1912 Common DNS Errors February 1996 54 55 56 Make sure your PTR and A records match. For every IP address, there 57 should be a matching PTR record in the in-addr.arpa domain. If a 58 host is multi-homed, (more than one IP address) make sure that all IP 59 addresses have a corresponding PTR record (not just the first one). 60 Failure to have matching PTR and A records can cause loss of Internet 61 services similar to not being registered in the DNS at all. Also, 62 PTR records must point back to a valid A record, not a alias defined 63 by a CNAME. It is highly recommended that you use some software 64 which automates this checking, or generate your DNS data from a 65 database which automatically creates consistent data. 66 67 DNS domain names consist of "labels" separated by single dots. The 68 DNS is very liberal in its rules for the allowable characters in a 69 domain name. However, if a domain name is used to name a host, it 70 should follow rules restricting host names. Further if a name is 71 used for mail, it must follow the naming rules for names in mail 72 addresses. 73 74 Allowable characters in a label for a host name are only ASCII 75 letters, digits, and the `-' character. Labels may not be all 76 numbers, but may have a leading digit (e.g., 3com.com). Labels must 77 end and begin only with a letter or digit. See [RFC 1035] and [RFC 78 1123]. (Labels were initially restricted in [RFC 1035] to start with 79 a letter, and some older hosts still reportedly have problems with 80 the relaxation in [RFC 1123].) Note there are some Internet 81 hostnames which violate this rule (411.org, 1776.com). The presence 82 of underscores in a label is allowed in [RFC 1033], except [RFC 1033] 83 is informational only and was not defining a standard. There is at 84 least one popular TCP/IP implementation which currently refuses to 85 talk to hosts named with underscores in them. It must be noted that 86 the language in is such that these rules are voluntary -- they 87 are there for those who wish to minimize problems. Note that the 88 rules for Internet host names also apply to hosts and addresses used 89 in SMTP (See RFC 821). 90 91 If a domain name is to be used for mail (not involving SMTP), it must 92 follow the rules for mail in [RFC 822], which is actually more 93 liberal than the above rules. Labels for mail can be any ASCII 94 character except "specials", control characters, and whitespace 95 characters. "Specials" are specific symbols used in the parsing of 96 addresses. They are the characters "()<>@,;:\".". (The "!" 97 character wasn't in [RFC 822], however it also shouldn't be used due 98 to the conflict with UUCP mail as defined in RFC 976) However, since 99 today almost all names which are used for mail on the Internet are 100 also names used for hostnames, one rarely sees addresses using these 101 relaxed standard, but mail software should be made liberal and robust 102 enough to accept them. 103 104 105 106 107 Barr Informational [Page 2] 108 RFC 1912 Common DNS Errors February 1996 109 110 111 You should also be careful to not have addresses which are valid 112 alternate syntaxes to the inet_ntoa() library call. For example 0xe 113 is a valid name, but if you were to type "telnet 0xe", it would try 114 to connect to IP address 0.0.0.14. It is also rumored that there 115 exists some broken inet_ntoa() routines that treat an address like 116 x400 as an IP address. 117 118 Certain operating systems have limitations on the length of their own 119 hostname. While not strictly of issue to the DNS, you should be 120 aware of your operating system's length limits before choosing the 121 name of a host. 122 123 Remember that many resource records (abbreviated RR) take on more 124 than one argument. HINFO requires two arguments, as does RP. If you 125 don't supply enough arguments, servers sometime return garbage for 126 the missing fields. If you need to include whitespace within any 127 data, you must put the string in quotes. 128 129 2.2 SOA records 130 131 In the SOA record of every zone, remember to fill in the e-mail 132 address that will get to the person who maintains the DNS at your 133 site (commonly referred to as "hostmaster"). The `@' in the e-mail 134 must be replaced by a `.' first. Do not try to put an `@' sign in 135 this address. If the
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ıldır süregelen bir çatışmaya işaret eden bir tarafı var. Gerçekten de sözünü ettiğimiz, günlük yaşamda arada bir karşımıza çıkan bu “sahtelik” olgusu “temsilci” (representational) nitelikteki gösteri sanatlarının temel niteliğini oluşturur.
Dokümanter olmayan filmlerin herhalde yüzde doksanı “temsilci” (gerçekçi/doğalcı) niteliktedir, yani birilerinin yaşantılarının temsillerini başkalarına “çaktırmadan” izlettirmeyi amaçlar. “Çaktırmamak,” temelde, kameranın varlığını izleyenlere hissettirmemek, gizlemek anlamına gelir. Film aktörlerinin yapabileceği en aykırı hareketlerin başında kameraya bakmak gelir. Kameranın temsilci tiyatrodaki karşılığı da sıra sıra oturmuş bakan izleyicilerin gözleridir: oradaki aktörün de bu gözlere bakmaması ya da “görmeyerek bakması” istenir. Bunu yapmaması yaratılmaya çalışılan yanılsamanın (illusion) bozulmasına, “inandırıcılığını” yitirmesine neden olur. “Kutu” sahnede aktörün arka ve yan duvarlara ilaveten bir de izleyiciyle kendi arasında bir “dördüncü duvar” varmış gibi, açık sahnede oynuyorsa da dört bir tarafında duvarlar varmış, yani izleyenler yokmuş gibi davranması gerekir.
Sonuçta, yukarda sorduğum “bu tür hareketlerin (II.B.4. ve II.B.5.) sanki izlenmek üzere yapılmıyormuş tavrında ama aslında izlenmek üzere yapıldığı durumlar olabilir mi?” sorusuna yanıtım: evet, temsilci sinema ve tiyatro bu durumla en çok karşılaştığımız ortamlardır. Günlük yaşantımızda iletişimsel bir hedefi olmayan, dolayısıyla da izlenmek üzere yapılmayan hareketlerin izlenmek üzere (ama izlenmek için değilmiş gibi) yapıldığı ortamlar öncelikle bunlardır. Kaldı ki, şemamızda belirtilen her türlü hareket temsilci gösteri sanatlarına malzeme oluşturur ama bunların hepsi de izlenmek amacıyla yapılmıyormuş gibi sunulur. (bkz. “Drama ve Tiyatro,” “Mimesis ve Performans”)
II.C. Sözsüz ve anlamsız (kodlanmamış) hareketler
Diyelim ki ellerimizle art arda bir dizi hareket yapıyoruz ve bu hareketler (ya da ellerin aldığı biçimler) hiçbir şeye gönderme yapmıyor, hiçbir simgeselliği yok. Harekete eşlik eden söz yok. Bunları izleyenler “elleriyle birtakım hareketler yapıyor” diyor, o kadar. Yani, ne ise o.
Örneğin, birçok toplumda yerleşmiş olan “çok iyi,” “bravo” anlamındaki el hareketini düşünelim: eli yumruk yapıp kolu ileri uzatıyoruz ve başparmağı havaya dikiyoruz (bunu yaparken “aferin sana” dememize gerek yok, amblemleşmiş, kodlanmış hareketin ne anlama geldiğini karşımızdaki kolayca anlıyor). Elimizle bu hareketi yapsak, sonra yumruğu olduğu yerde tutarken başparmağımızı yavaş yavaş, yere paralel oluncaya kadar yana yatırsak ne olur? Olan şudur: Gösterge simgeliğini yitirip ikonlaşmış ya da soyutlaşmış olur, “bravo” anlamındaki pozisyondan çıkıp “anlamsız bir el pozisyonu”na geçer.
İki pozisyon arasındaki farkı şöyle de açıklayabiliriz: Her ikisinde de ne görüyorsak onu betimleyecek olursak (ileri uzatılmış, yan tutulan yumrukta baş parmak yukarı dikilmiş, vb. gibi), buna “düzanlam” (denotation) betimlemesi diyoruz. Ardından “yananlam” (çağrışım, connotation) düzeyine geçip bunların gönderme yaptığı bir anlam (kod) var mı diye baktığımızda da birinde olduğunu (“bravo”), diğerinde olmadığını görüyoruz. (bkz. “Düzanlam ve Yananlam”)
Böyle “beden hareketi” olmak dışında bir anlamı olmayan, yani düzanlamın ötesine geçmeyen hareketleri ne gibi koşullarda izlenmek amacıyla yaparız? Bir amaç, bedenimizi ne kadar ustaca kullandığımızı göstermek olabilir. Başka bir amaç, ilginç ya da güzel bulunacağını düşündüğümüz “biçimler” yaratmak olabilir. Yani, genelde “dans” dediğimiz olgudan söz ediyoruz. Ancak, dikkat: Bu türden harekete ancak “dans hareketi” olarak kodlanmış bir şablonsa ya da dans ortamında yer alırsa “dans” diyebiliyoruz. Ama hareketi “dans” olarak adlandırmak, anlamlandırmak demek, düzanlam düzeyinin ötesine taşımak demek değil.
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* İletişimsel hareketlerin kategorilendirmesinde en çok kullanılan kaynak Paul Ekman ve W. Friesen’in 1969’da yayımlanan “The Repertoire of Nonverbal Behavior: Categories, Origins, Usage and Coding” adlı makalesidir (Semiotica, 1 (1969) 49-98). Benim sınıflandırmam onlarınkinden oldukça farklı ama iletişimsel hareket bölümündeki terminoloji ve tanımların birçoğu bu kaynaktan geliyor. Bunun yanısıra Justine Cassell’in “A Framework for Gesture Generation and Interpretation” (Cipolla, R. and Pentland, A. (eds.), Computer Vision in Human-Machine Interaction, 191-215, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998) ve Chrystopher L. Nehaniv’in “Classifying Types of Gesture and Inferring Intent” (Proc. AISB’05 Symposium on Robot Companions: Hard Problems and Open Challenges in Robot-Human Interaction, The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour, 2005) adlı makalelerinden yararlandım.Issuing a communique on Friday, which was seen on the website of the Italian official news agency ANSA, the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Rome wrote that after Napoleon Bonaparte’s defeated effort to establish a Zionist state in the year 1779, this objective was included in the agenda of the British government.
The collapse of the Ottoman Empire in World War I and occupation of Palestine by the British army paved the path for implementing that plot and London announced its support for establishment of a Zionist state in Palestine in the year 1917.
Under the supportive umbrella of the British government, a Zionist delegation arrived in Palestine and began buying the Palestinians’ lands and constructing Zionist townships, making homeless tens of thousands of Palestinians.
The Palestinians felt the threat and started resistance in the year 1936, which led to the outbreak of an anti-British imperialism, anti-oppression revolution, but in the year 1935 the British army defeated that revolution. The Palestinians had two enemies then: The colonialist British forces and the armed Zionist guerrillas who were 40,000 strong.
On November 29, 1947, the United Nations approved a plan to separate Palestine into a Jewish and an Arabic government. At that time the Jews comprised a third of Palestine’s population and had 6% of Palestine’s lands. But according to the UN plan 55% of Palestine’s territory was awarded to the Zionists.
The Palestinians and their Arab supporters rejected that plan, but the Zionist movement naturally supported it, because it legitimized the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestinians’ lands.
Of course, the Zionists did not suffice in having that 55%, as in the year 1948 they occupied dozens of other Palestinian cities and villages and deported their original Palestinian dwellers.
Britain decided to pull back its forces from Palestine on May 14th, 1948, and the head of the Jewish Agency at the time, David Ben Gurion declared the establishment of the Zionist state officially under the guardianship of the British government.
Within a few minutes two major world powers, namely the United States and the Soviet Union recognized the legitimacy of Israel and May 14th, 1948 was known by the Palestinians as the Nikba (Miserable) Day, reminding the miseries of over 750,000 Palestinians who were forcefully expelled from their homes and lands. On that day also more than 10,000 Palestinians were massacred by the Zionists brutally.
The Zionist regime’s plans for full expelling of the Palestinians continued and the child killing regime has been pursuing them up to the present time by beating up and massacring the oppressed Palestinian people, surrounding the Palestinian regions, expelling the real owners of Palestine, and constructing Zionist townships, making homeless over 6 million Palestinians.
From 1948 to 2016 the UN General Assembly issued 225 resolutions on the Zionists’ usurper policies, massacre of Palestinians, and Zionist settlement construction in Palestinians’ lands, including in Six-Day War in June 1967.
But that rouge state has not yielded to even one of those resolutions, mainly under the US support for its crimes and the support of the other western countries.
The embassy communique stresses that the most democratic way to resolve the Middle East crisis on Palestinian-Jewish state problem is organizing for a referendum among all origins residents of Palestine to decide about their own fate, which is the Islamic Republic of Iran’s proposal for ending that the dilemma.
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Original News : https://en.irna.ir/news/84736671/Embassy-Int-l-Quds-Day-Islamic-world-priority-till-Palestine-sHow, when, why and where we eat are just as important as what we eat.
March is National Nutrition Month, and this year the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics encourages everyone to learn how to “Savor the Flavor of Eating Right.” In other words, learn how to appreciate the pleasures, great flavors, and social experiences food can add to our lives.
When trying to be healthy, what we eat is important. But on the same level is how, when, why, and where we eat. Enjoying the ambiance of a meal is essential to developing an overall healthy eating plan.
Here’s an idea on how to achieve this. Every Thursday get together with your friends and family for a #throwbackThursday dinner. Key ingredients: the dinner table, delicious food, and good company.
For further inspiration, research published by the American Journal of Pediatrics looked at the affects of family meals on 182,836 children and adolescents. They found regular family meals decreased disordered eating and odds of being overweight, and increased odds for eating healthy foods. #ThrowbackThursday dinner is a place to start, with an end goal to share family meals at least three times per week. You can try #WellnessWednesdays or #SaturdayShenanigans, whatever inspires you and yours to make family meals a priority.
For more about National Nutrition Month and The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, visit eatright.org.What is Chondrocalcinosis?
Chondrocalcinosis is a rheumatologic condition that is characterized by accumulation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals or CPPD crystals in connective tissues or the joint cartilages.
The disease is often associated with similar conditions such as osteoarthritis, pseudogout and pseudo-osteoarthritis. It is also considered to be a variant of Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate disease that is known by several of its alternative names, although neither of which is synonymous with Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate disease or CPPD. The condition mostly affects the wrist, the hip, the knee joint and the pubic symphysis and gives rise to painful sensations in these areas.
Chondrocalcinosis is known to affect people from all cultural and ethnic backgrounds. In United States, nearly 50% of people over the age of 85 are estimated to be suffering from the disorder. Women are more prone to be affected by this disorder than men. The approximate occurrence ratio of the condition between women and men is 1.4:1.
Although the exact cause of the disorder is not known, evidence suggests that it might have a hereditary association. Chondrocalcinosis often runs in families and so a genetic link can be suspected. Calcium pyrophosphate crystals accumulate in the joint, firstly in the cartilage and then in the synovial fluid. This makes the joint swollen and inflamed. Episodes of the disease might recur over time and develop into a permanent form of arthritic pain.
Picture 1 – Chondrocalcinosis
Chondrocalcinosis is mostly seen in aged patients as an increased accumulation of CPPD crystals occurs in the joints with advancing age. The disorder has been found to affect patients of both sexes over 50 years of age. Around 3% people develop it around their 60s.
Apart from the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals of CPPD, the following factors may lead to the development of this ailment:
- Wilson disease
Chondrocalcinosis Risk Factors
According to Arthritis Foundation, certain risk factors predispose some individuals to this disease. These include an injury, dehydration or a joint surgery. Hyperparathyroidism leads to increased circulation of calcium in the bloodstream, which is also a potential risk factor. Patients of Hemochromatosis are also vulnerable to the development of Chondrocalcinosis, due to high levels of iron in their tissues. Three other conditions, which can make one prone to the disorder, include:
However, a patient of Chondrocalcinosis might not display any of the above mentioned conditions.
The various symptoms of this disorder are listed below:
- Joint pain
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
A patient may also experience symptoms similar to that of:
- Wilson’s disease
- Renal osteodystrophy
Chondrocalcinosis is diagnosed by various medical processes, such as:
- MRI scans
- CT scans
- Nuclear medicine
MRI scans and CT scans show calcific masses generally within joint capsule or ligamentum flavum. Arthrocentesis, which involves removal of synovial fluid from an affected joint for studying the calcium pyrophosphate crystals present in the fluid, is another important test performed for diagnosing the condition. Blood work is done to check if the count of white blood cells has been raised.
Chondrocalcinosis Differential Diagnosis
The differential diagnosis for this disease include distinguishing its symptoms from those of similar conditions, such as:
Picture 2 – Chondrocalcinosis Image
- Septic arthritis
- Milwaukee Shoulder
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Paget’s disease
Chondrocalcinosis is not treated if it does not causeany pain. This is because any medications that can reduce inflammation related to this disorder also bear with it the risk of causing damage of organs. Acute pseudogout symptoms are treated with:
- Intra-articular corticosteroid injection
- NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)
- Systemic corticosteroids
- High-dose colchicine (occasionally)
NSAIDs are commonly administered in low amounts to prevent this disorder. If, however, an acute attack of Chondrocalcinosis is occurring already, higher doses of NSAIDs are recommended. When nothing else works, methotrexate or hydroxychloroquine may provide some relief. Research is being currently held on the surgical removal of associated calcifications. This is still at an experimental stage.
As aforesaid, Chondrocalcinosis is often left untreated if there is no pain. In case a patient is experiencing pain, certain medications are used to relieve painful sensations. This may, however, cause damage to organs. The disease often exists along with Osteoarthritis or eventually leads to it.
Chondrocalcinosis is a rheumatologic disorder of the joints that causes considerable pain, even though it is not fatal. Although treatment is not always required, proper medical attention allows keeping a close watch on the symptoms of the disorder.با سلام تاکنون دو پروژه در ترم جاری در کلاس کارآفرینی مطرح شده است:
1- ایده شما برای فروش یک کالا چیست؟
2- ایده شما برای خرید یک سهام در بازار بورس به چه شاخص های ریاضی مرتبط است؟
لطفا نظرات پیشنهادی و یا انتقادی خود را در خصوص این دو پروژه در بخش نظرات اعلام کنید.در صورت تمایل نام و نام خانوادگی و دانشکده مربوطه و رشته خود را ذکر نمایید .
طاهری مدرس کارآفرینیMM-410系列、MM-420系列、MM-430系列、MM-440系列、MM-ECO系列、MM-G110系列、MDV系列、MMV系列、6SE31系列、6SE70系列、6SE71系列、6RA70系列、HD-6SG70系列；
这是众多变频器最常见的故障，通常是由于开关电源的负载发生短路造成的，丹佛斯变频器采用了新型脉宽集成控制器UC2844来调整开关电源的输出，同时UC2844还带有电流检测，电压反馈等功能，当发生无显示，控制端子无电压，DC12V,24V风扇不运转等现象时我们首先应该考虑是否开关电源损坏了。
市场?甚至智能电网传感器一切追求一个相当积极的进展，这是什么可能，它已经在全球经济?一定的影响和经济增长放缓。在过去的四年?ES，市场?一直保持着年均增长速度。 ?智能电网传感器提供?也是信息PRA??合同的愿景，根据这个行业的历史，行业在面对未来的任何情况或增长?失败合同的报告。
低功率交流传动，中等功率交流传动，大功率交流传动
?全面的公司简介涵盖的产品种类，由主要市场参与者所采用的主要财务信息，最近的事态发展，SWOT分析和战略Basket ball
Collezione di Dario Lunghi
Collezione in lingua spagnola presentata alla manifestazione di filatelia giovanile
"Juvenia 2007 "
La collezione, di 36 fogli, è proposta suddivisa in 3 quadri.
Le immagini miniaturizzate una volta ingrandite , sono visualizzabili in sequenza usando gli appositi links nel frame inferiore
Quadro 1
Quadro 2
Quadro 3
Torna all'elenco delle collezioniEvrenimizi oluşturan şeyi ölçmek, en hafif tabiriyle ustalık istiyor. Evrenin madde/enerji yoğunluğunun büyük kısmının karanlık enerjiden oluş
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added benefits that include better ergonomics and increased reliability. These interface devices range in complexity from simple single-touch touchscreens to multipoint and trackpad implementations that recognize gestures like pinching and dragging involving two or more points of contact with the screen.
The sensor for a capacitive touch switch can be implemented with any number of conductive materials. For a simple switch this could be a copper pad on a printed circuit board. But the obvious requirement for a touchscreen display is a transparent conductive material that can be overlaid on the screen. Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a proven solution that provides 90% transparency (for a single layer) and can also be patterned to provide various electrode configurations including an X-Y grid.
Two techniques are employed to determine the point of touch on a touchscreen. The more basic ‘surface capacitance’ type of touchscreen uses a conductive layer on the inside of the glass that forms the top surface of the screen. An electrostatic field created by applying a voltage to this layer then allows the self-capacitance induced by a finger touching the external surface of the glass to be measured at each corner of the screen. Because of the sheet resistivity of the conducting layer the various capacitance measurements can then be used to determine the finger’s position.
The ‘projected capacitance’ type of touchscreen is where the conductive layer is etched to provide a grid pattern of electrodes. This can be either on one layer or as perpendicular sets of parallel lines on two layers. In the single layer case the self-capacitance created by touching the screen is measured separately for the rows and columns. But with the two-layer approach the mutual capacitance at the intersection of each row and column is measured. Projected capacitance touchscreens offer higher resolution with the use of a two-layer grid and mutual capacitance measurement enables multi-touch operations i.e. the ability to detect and track multiple fingers at the same time.
Because there is no direct contact with the sensor, this type of touchscreen technology can be used at lower resolution for proximity sensing by simply increasing the measurement sensitivity. In a similar way, touchscreens can be designed to be impervious to the effects of surface water or other contaminants and can be made to work with gloved hands.
Low energy versus application performance
Whatever the application, a capacitive sensor is an input device and therefore the system it is part of has to be capable of detecting and responding to that input in an appropriate and timely manner. This is especially true following a period of inactivity when the system may need to wake from a sleep mode. Since the whole point of a sleep mode is to conserve energy, especially for battery-powered equipment, it is vital that the process of monitoring inputs does not increase current consumption. This is where the Low Energy Sensor Interface (LESENSE) incorporated into Energy Micro’s EFM32 microcontrollers really wins out without compromising the processing performance delivered by its 32-bit CPU core.
Challenging conventional wisdom
In considering low energy applications a common assumption has been to use 8- or 16-bit MCUs because of their lower active power consumption. But this is a false logic since energy is ‘power times time’ and actually a more powerful 32-bit CPU core like the ARM Cortex-M3 can typically complete a given task in a quarter of the time of older 16-bit CPU cores. This is particularly true if the designer opts for an MCU such as Energy Micro’s Tiny Gecko that, even in active mode, only consumes 150µA/MHz.
The next common obstacle encountered when interfacing an MCU to external sensors is the need to periodically wake up the processor to detect an external event (see figure 3). Part of the problem here is that most modern MCUs have various low-power modes ranging from ‘standby’ to ‘sleep’ and even ‘deep sleep’, typically with an increasing overhead in the time taken to wake from the lowest power mode. One issue here is that in order to achieve a timely respond to an event it may not be possible to use the deepest sleep mode. Also during the wake-up period energy is being used but no useful work is being done. This problem is exacerbated if the device needs to wake too frequently to the point where it might be consuming more power than it would in a higher activity state.
Figure 3: Generic MCUs waste energy by waking up to monitor sensor inputs
The solution with LESENSE
A sensor interface that can operate independently of the MCU offers a huge advantage especially when it can be configured to work with other peripherals so that the MCU only needs to wake up when a particular set of conditions are met. This is what Energy Micro offers in the EFM32 Gecko series MCUs with its Low Energy Sensor Interface (LESENSE) combined with its Peripheral Reflex System (PRS) as illustrated in figure 4.
The LESENSE interface comprises analog comparators, a DAC and a sequencer module running at 32 kHz. The sequencer controls which pins are connected to the comparators and whether the DAC is used to provide a more accurate comparator reference. Comparator outputs can be counted and combined so that the CPU is only woken once a predetermined set of conditions has occurred, for example two taps of a touch screen within a certain time window or perhaps the operation of a touch switch while some other condition is true. All this is possible while the MCU remains in a sub-µA deep sleep mode.
Figure 4: LESENSE reduces energy consumption with various wake up conditions
Since the sensor results from LESENSE are available to the Peripheral Reflex System (PRS) it is then possible for the designer to create even more complex state-machine structures for monitoring external events without CPU intervention. And, while other modern MCUs may include on-chip peripherals, Energy Micro’s Gecko architecture takes this approach a step further with its PRS solution.
Using LESENSE with capacitive sensors
It is evident from the capacitive sensing applications considered above that measuring a change in capacitance is usually more important than being able to obtain an absolute measurement. This is often achieved by including the capacitance between the sense pin and ground as part of an RC-oscillator circuit such that the frequency of oscillation changes depending on the capacitance seen at the sense pin. So a touch switch can be implemented simply by connecting the sense pin directly to the touch pad area of the circuit board with no other external components required.
As can be seen in figure 5, the analog comparator converts the oscillating signal from the touch pad to a stream of pulses allowing the LESENSE interface to increment a counter on each rising edge. The counter is allowed to run for a preset time and then the counter value is transferred to a result buffer. The increased capacitance of a finger touching the sensor produces a lower frequency and hence a lower count. The resulting count is compared to a threshold value and when the count is below the threshold the LESENSE interface can proceed to wake up the MCU.
In most situations, capacitive sensors are only touched briefly so it is important to minimize power consumption while the device is waiting for an input. Typically this is achieved by reducing the rate at which the sensor is measured. Unfortunately the downside is a longer sampling interval resulting in a slower response time, which is clearly not user-friendly. Fortunately, because the LESENSE interface uses a minimum of resources and operates independently of the MCU, a higher sampling frequency can be maintained to ensure user responsiveness without compromising overall system performance and energy consumption.
Figure 5: Example of capacitive sensing with a simple touch switch
Current consumption considerations
A number of factors will influence the current consumption of capacitive sensing designs. Predominantly these relate to the sampling frequency and the thickness of the touch pad overlay. The sampling frequency has a direct bearing on current consumption; if the sampling frequency is doubled then the power consumption is doubled. The impact of overlay thickness on current consumption is less straightforward. While a thicker overlay does result in a higher current consumption, other considerations come into play.
With a thicker overlay the difference in capacitance between touch and no-touch is smaller. So to ensure the two frequencies are correctly identified the oscillator will need to run for a longer period. How much longer will depend on the touch pad’s size, its dielectric material and aspects of the PCB design. For example, the dynamic current consumption of an individual touch pad with a 5mm acrylic overlay might be 500nA so a 4 button application might have a total consumption of 3µA including the static MCU consumption (<1µA). To improve the user experience, the sampling speed could be increased to 10 Hz after the first touch event, taking the total consumption to 5µA.
Energy Micro’s Low Energy Sensor Interface (LESENSE) is ideally suited to capacitive sensing applications allowing its EFM32 series devices to monitor sensor inputs while leaving the MCU in a deep sleep mode. LESENSE operates with a low frequency clock and can monitor up to 16 sensors with an average current consumption of just 1.2µA. By utilizing the device’s low-energy peripherals along with its sequencer and decoder circuits LESENSE can detect and evaluate a combination of sensor states and event patterns before waking the MCU. Designers can really take advantage of these features to maximize system performance while keeping energy consumption to the absolute minimum.
This white paper was written by Anders Guldahl, Application Engineer at Energy Micro
P.O. Box 4633 Nydalen, N-0405 Oslo, Norway
Telephone: +47 23 00 98 00
Fax: +47 23 00 98 01Beginning the Healing Process
After undergoing brain surgery, radiation or other forms of treatment, you will want to focus on regaining stamina and reclaiming physical functions. One way to do so is to enroll in targeted rehabilitation programs that focus on key areas, such as physical, speech and occupational therapy.
A positive mindset and a commitment to the program will help you get the most out of these activities. When working with your therapists, set realistic goals and do what it takes to meet them. If you remain focused on your goals, you have a good chance of recovering all or a large part of your skills.
Dealing with Fatigue
Immediately after surgery or other treatment, you may experience a sense of deep fatigue. Just lifting your arms may seem like a huge effort, or you may feel frustrated that you cannot stay awake, even after a long sleep. Some coping strategies for fatigue include pacing your activities, adjusting your diet, exercising moderately, and medication.
Reclaiming Necessary Functions
Targeted rehabilitation programs are tailored to your post-treatment needs. Your health care team can help you choose the kind of therapy you need and where you can enroll. Here are your key therapy options:
The physical therapist can help you learn exercises to help improve your physical skills. The therapist can help you to gradually restore functions and show you helpful exercises to do at home. You will choose from exercises such as strength training, restoring limb movement, compensation techniques or balancing.
You may need help with your speech skills to make sure you are clearly understood. Speech therapists also help with swallowing problems associated with certain brain tumors. The speech therapist will first test you and then create the best program for your needs.
If necessary, the occupational therapist will help you regain mastery of everyday tasks such as bathing, dressing and eating. You can also get help with more advanced skills, such as doing housework, managing money, taking transportation and shopping.This paradox is a failed attempt to resolve Dilemma. It teaches us that not even a confrontation with a Superior Being can make certain people behave themselves.
In the Predictor’s Paradox, you (an ordinary mortal) are shown a pair of boxes. Box A is open; $1 can be seen within. Box B is shut; it contains either $100 or $0. The other player claims to be a Superior Being who can predict your actions. “If you choose to take both boxes”, says the Being, “then you’ll discover that I’ve punished you by putting nothing in box B; but if you have faith in me and take only box B, then you’ll find my reward of $100 there.”
Let us assume that previous experience has shown that the Being can apparently make good on its claim of being able to predict your actions; what should you do? Here’s the game matrix:
payoff for mortal
| rewards punishes
takes box B | 100 | 0 |
takes both | 101 | 1 |
Meanwhile, what’s in it for the Being? Let us suppose, for the sake of symmetry, that the Being’s game matrix is as follows:
payoff for Being
| rewards punishes
takes box B | 100 | 101 |
takes both | 0 | 1 |
Presumably the Being values your faith one hundred times more than the material profit of punishing you. This way you and the Being are in a Dilemma game, where win = 101, truce = 100, draw = 1 and lose = 0.
Your best move depends on how well the Superior Being can foretell your actions. If the Being can correctly predict your actions with probability exceeding (in this case) 50.5 %, then the expected value of taking one box exceeds that of taking both. In this case, reasoning by expected value favors leaving the $1 alone; yet taking the $1 would still be a dominant strategy!
Two different lines of argument yield two opposite recommendations. How are we to decide? That is the question. The Predictor’s Paradox represents a dispute between the principles of Dominance and Expectation. It shows that not even a confrontation with a Superior Being can make Iron-rule players behave themselves! That $1 sitting there, just begging to be taken... how can they resist such a devilish temptation? If there really were a Superior Being, then this little test would ensure the self-defeat of all habitual exploiters, whilst humbler folk win riches!
Actually I’m satisfied neither with blind faith, nor with exploitation. Blind faith in the Being is a Gold Rule strategy, and as such is vulnerable if the Being is an Iron Rule player. Similarly the attempt to exploit the Being is an Iron Rule strategy. The optimum long run strategy is the Silver Rule:
Do Unto Others As They Have Done Unto You.
This principle of cosmic justice is so powerful that even a Superior Being must meet us there on equal terms.
Therefore, if I were ever to confront a Superior Being in this fashion, I would form the intention to take either $1 or $100, but not $0 nor $101. After all, why should I ignore the $1 bill if I get nothing otherwise? And conversely, why should I try to cheat a Superior Being of $1 if it already gave me $100?
Thus I, a mere mortal ruled by greed and fear, propose to make myself the equal of a Superior Being! I leave it to you, dear reader, to judge the soundness of my thinking; but note that within this mental context, the Being has every reason to give me $100.
Some may object that there are no Superior Beings in evidence with whom to play this game; to this I reply that the Silver Rule is so powerful that it enables a mere mortal to make a passable imitation of a Superior Being, provided that the shadow of the future is long enough.
For let us iterate this game with open bounds, with replay probability 99/100, so the expected number of plays is 100. Rescale the payoffs accordingly, at 1/100th of the payoffs noted above; i.e. 1 cent in box A, $0 or $1 in box B. In this Predictor’s Tournament, I shall play the Superior Being’s role; my strategy will be tit-for-tat. If you take both boxes on a given round, then on the next round I’ll leave box B empty; and if you take only box B, then on the next round I’ll put $1 in box B. (In a sense, the Superior Being that I emulate is Reciprocity itself!)
If you are rational, and if play is long enough, then we will attain truce; you will always take only box B, and you will always find $1 in it. Though I can’t predict you, I do remember you; so in the long run it will be in your interest to act as if I could predict you. Continuity is the key; if the “shadow of the future” is long enough, then my memory, like the Superior Being’s prophesy, will enforce social harmony. My hindsight equals Reciprocity’s foresight.
A shadow is haunting Earth; the shadow of the future. Will we be or will we not be? That is the question. When the future’s shadow is short, not even a Superior Being can deter the wicked from maximizing profit; but when the shadow of the future extends, then you and I can be like unto Superior Beings, and peace breaks out! Blessed be the shadow of the future!直播吧4月16日讯 在尤文图斯战胜那不勒斯的比赛中，迪巴拉替补出场并打进1球，这也是他在尤文图斯打进的第99粒进球，距离百球纪录只差最后1球。
据尤文新闻网统计，只要再打进1球，迪巴拉就能成为尤文历史上首位完成百球里程碑的非欧球员。此前也有很多意大利国外的球员达成过这个成就，比如普拉蒂尼（104）、查尔斯（105）、汉森（124）和特雷格盖（171），但是他们都是欧洲人。
迪巴拉与尤文的合同将在2022年到期，不过他与尤文图斯的续约谈判一直都处于停滞状态。在与热那亚的比赛开始前，尤文CFO帕拉蒂奇表示，尤文每周都会与迪巴拉的经纪人进行接触。但如果不能及时完成续约，尤文可能就会在明夏面临人财两空的情况。
北京时间4月18日21:00，尤文图斯将在客场迎战亚特兰大。
（铁甲钢拳）—— 鲁迅曾制作过一张书签，中间竖写“读书三到：心到，口到，眼到”10个字，夹在书页里。读书时，读一遍书，自上而下盖书签上一个字。这个办法同学们很赞赏，后来大家都仿效起来。。。
很久以前有一张纸做成的书签，它是一张幸运的书签。
它的主人是一个热爱阅读和具有童心的男青年。他尤其喜欢读儿童文学作品。
主人是在一家书店购买了这张书签，同时还买了一本《安徒生童话》。主人回到家之后，就迫不及待地打开了书开始聚精会神地阅读，书签就待在主人的身旁和主人一起开启了阅读之旅。他们一起读了一整个下午的书，他们都被书里的故事深深吸引住了：被美人鱼渴望灵魂的故事感动、被丑小鸭变成白天鹅的故事所激励……
终于天渐渐暗了下来，主人轻轻地将书签夹进了书里。书签也恋恋不舍地向主人道别。
接下来的日子，主人每天都要打开《安徒生童话》读上好几页
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8,450 | 1 | 0 |
with her foot propped up on your lap. Distract your child with a story or song or DVD. It will calm you both down.
Rinse it off
Hold the injured body part under warm running water to wash away dirt, broken glass, or any other foreign matter. You might find it easier to use the tap in the tub than the faucet in the sink, since it’s at kid-level. Remove any bits of debris that may still be stuck to the wound using tweezers (disinfect them first).
Clean it up
If the skin around the cut is dirty, gently wash it with a mild soap — but try not to get soap in the actual wound.
Break out the bandages
Once the bleeding has stopped and the wound is clean, dab on a thin layer of antibiotic ointment and apply a fresh bandage. Little kids usually like this part: So make sure you have a selection of cute and colorful bandages on hand, and let your little patient choose which one she wants.
Keep it clean
Change the bandage at least once a day or if it gets dirty. When a scab forms, you can remove the bandage — but teach (and remind) your child not to pick at it.
When to call the doctor for cuts and scrapes:
You should seek medical care (by calling your pediatrician or heading to the emergency room) if:
- The cut or gash is very deep or the edges are widely separated; sutures may be in order.
- The skin wound won’t stop bleeding, even after you’ve applied direct pressure for ten or 15 minutes.
- Blood is spurting (an artery may have been severed).
- After a day or two, the cut shows visible signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or pus, or it feels warm to the touch.
Preventing skin wounds:
Accidents will happen, but they’re less likely if you take some simple children’s safety precautions. Once your child starts walking, she’ll be able to reach things that she couldn’t before, so:
- Put a safety latch on any drawers that contain sharp objects (knives, forks, scissors, food-processor blades).
- Place anything that can shatter high up, including drinking glasses, coffee mugs, and hand mirrors.
- Keep paper shredders out of reach and unplugged when not in use.
- Make sure your toddler is a safe distance away when you’re loading or emptying the dishwasher.
- Store tools in locked containers.
- Keep bins for recycling glass out of reach.
- Scan your yard for sharp objects that could cause scrapes and cuts, such as pointy rocks (find a place to toss them) or gardening tools (store them in a safe, out-of-reach place).
Of course you won’t be able to prevent your child from every srape and mishap — skin wounds come with the toddler territory — but a little bit of vigilance can go a long way toward making her world as safe as possible.by Donna Butts
No one told Martin Luther King Jr. he was too young to change the world.
Even without the aid of today's digital tools, he led a movement when
he was 26. Young and old joined his causes, marching together for
social justice and economic equality. Today, ordinary citizens are still
reaching across race, class and age, often using social media to demand
a world with opportunity for all King once envisioned.
To keep the momentum going, we need to take a psychologist's approach
to how we see America's psyche and confirm our diagnosis before we can
move forward with a solution. That's how King was able to accomplish
what he did, according to Dr. Jennifer Leigh Selig, who chairs the
Jungian & Archetypal Studies department at Pacifica Graduate
Institute in Carpinteria, California.
"His treatment of the country paralleled Karen Horney's treatment of
the neurotic: he helped his client -- the country -- to see the gap
between her ideal self and her real self," according to Selig's paper,
"The Unfinished Mission of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr." "He used marches
and protests and demonstrations to bring America's shadow to the surface
where she could no longer deny its existence, and then... he offered
her specific redemptive measures she could take toward healing and
Now, nearly 60 years since the Montgomery Bus Boycotts -- when King
reenergized the civil rights struggle -- our ways of bringing America's
shadow to the surface is a far cry from picket signs and marches.
Today's "depth psychologists" -- as Selig would call them - are online,
organizing through social media sites like Facebook and Twitter.
read the full article at the Huffington PostHeráldica de la familia: Piesole
Il primo documento nel quale si trova rammentata la Corte di Turicchi, concessa ai Vescovi fiesolani dai Re d'Italia, è una bolla di conferma diretta da Paquale II nel 1103 a Giovanni vescovo di Fiesole. Il Comune di Firenze non tralasciò occasione per tentare di esercitar sul feudo di Turicchi atti di giurisdizione, specialmente dopo che quel villaggio, con atto pubblico del 25 giugno 398, si dette in accomandigia alla Repubblica; ma questi tentativi furon sempre tenacemente contrastati dai Vescovi fiesolani, i quali non abbandonarono i loro diritti che in seguito alla soppressione dei feudi. I Vescovi di Fiesole portano... Continuaráab immemorabili il titolo di Conti di Turicchi.Catalog Description: Prerequisites: Completion of Blocks A and B4, an additional course from Block B, and at least one course each from Blocks C and D. Exploration of how the rich literary heritage of fairy tales and fantasy literature informs our current notions of what it is to be human and how we can use literature to confront our deepest feelings. GE UD C; (wi)
Course Description: This course will introduce students to the depiction in Iiterature of major psychological and epistemological concepts. Long before the discipline of psychology was born, authors and audiences were interested in how and why human beings behave as they do. Classic literary texts, such as fairy tales, legends, epics, and myth portrayed in metaphoric and dramatic form the foibles and the proclivities of human nature. Many of the world’s most treasured literary texts are thinly veiled journeys of self-exploration. Modern authors have delved into the psychological realm as well, continuing to use narrative as a means of exposing our true selves. This course helps students understand how this rich literary heritage informs our current notions of what it is to be human and how we can use literature to confront our deepest feelings.
This course will also develop students’ ability to express in clear written form their understanding of the course themes as they are depicted in the selected texts. The course will include multiple writing assignments designed to hone the students’ skills in literary analysis and expository expression.
Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
- Demonstrate understanding of the diversity and complexity of the human search for meaning, value, and purpose, in particular how literary texts, such as fairy tales, use analogical representation to depict how audiences confront their inner selves and learning to overcome their psychological anxieties;
- Demonstrate an ability to respond subjectively as well as objectively to aesthetic experiences and develop an understanding of the integrity of both emotional and intellectual responses, in particular be able to explicate how the rhetorical and literary devices in the texts contribute to the emotional and intellectual responses generated by those texts;
- Demonstrate understanding of the interrelationship between the self and the creative arts and/or the humanities in a variety of cultures, in particular how similar psychological issues and concerns and the mechanisms for dealing with those issues and concerns are found in texts from various Western cultures;
- Demonstrate an understanding of the personal and social values of cultures and how ideas influence the character of human beliefs and the norms that guide human behavior, as explored in the study of cultures, philosophies, and literary texts, in particular how the literary examples examined in the course promote the development of personal understanding of the social values promulgated by the text.
Course content might be organized in a number of ways depending on instructor preference. Listed below is one possible organization.
II. Psychology in Fairy Tales
- European Fairy Tales, Grimms’ Fairy Tales
- American Fairy Tales, Chase, The Jack Tales
III. Psychology in Epics and Legends
- Oedipus Rex
IV. Psychology in Modern Fiction
- The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
- The Turn of the Screw
- The Hobbit
About the Banner: Detail from Harry Clark, illustration in The Fairy Tales of Charles Perrault (1922) (image from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Page_24_illustration_from_Fairy_tales_of_Charles_Perrault_%28Clarke,_1922%29.png)به گزارش داراخبر،شاهین رحیم اوغلی افزود: بر اساس آخرین آمار استخراجی از ایستگاه های سنجش آلودگی هوا در این شهر، شاخص آلودگی هوا نسبت به ذرات معلق ۲,۵ میکرون ۱۴۱ پی. اس. آی و به حالت هشدار برای گروه های حساس رسیده است.
وی اظهار کرد: شاخص آلودگی هوا اگر زیر ۱۰۰ پی. اس. آی باشد سالم، بین ۱۰۰ و ۲۰۰ ناسالم، بین ۲۰۰ و ۳۰۰ وضعیت اضطرار و ۳۰۰ به بالا وضعیت بحرانی به شمار می رود.
رحیم اوغلی ادامه داد: برای جلوگیری از آسیب های جدی، کودکان و سالمندان، بیماران قلبی و تنفسی و بانوان باردار از حضور در فضاهای باز خودداری و در صورت ضرورت از ماسک استفاده کنند.
وی همچنین از شهروندان خواست از تردد با خودروهای شخصی و تک سرنشین خودداری کرده و از وسایل نقلیه عمومی استفاده کنند.سه شنبه ۳ مرداد ۱۳۹۶ تهران ۰۷:۳۰
پليس راه آلمان، بعد از ديدن يک اسکلت در حال رانندگي يک اتومبيل، آن خودرو را متوقف کرد
خبرهاي رسيده از استرابينگِ آلمان حاکيست که پليس راه بعد از متوقف کردن اين خودرو مي بينند که يک اسکلت پلاستيکي آدم ، بدون لباسي بر تن که تنها يک عينک آفتابي برحفرهاي حدقه ي چشم دارد، برصندليِ معمول راننده در سمت چپِ جلو اتومبيل نشسته است. امّا فرمانِ خودرو مذکور، مانند خودروهاي انگليس در سمت راست بوده و راننده ي واقعي ، در سمت راست نشسته است. پليس مي گويد بعد از آنکه مطمئن مي شود که کمربند ايمني اسکلت هم مانند راننده، بسته است، دليلي براي صدور برگ جريمه نمي بيند و اجازه ادامه سفر را به راننده و اسکلت و خودرو مي دهد.Similar to bodily well being, psychological well being is important to your total well-being. And when your psychological well being will get affected, it turns into troublesome to focus. Poor psychological well being considerably interferes together with your means to perform usually at work or college, affecting your high quality of life. It occurs as a result of psychological well being is about the way you assume, really feel, and behave. It is a behavioural dysfunction which will have an effect on anybody, irrespective of age, intercourse, background, and ethnicity.
And the commonest psychological well being issues embody nervousness, melancholy, bipolar dysfunction, schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity dysfunction (ADHD), post-traumatic stress dysfunction (PTSD), and consuming issues. In truth, one in 4 individuals experiences a psychological well being dysfunction annually in England.
Mental well being additionally adjustments temper and impacts the way you address stress. Hence, drugs, psychotherapy, and different psychological well being remedy choices assist handle the severity of the situation. While many nonetheless take into account psychological well being a delicate subject, beginning a dialog with a member of the family or mates may be of unbelievable assist. It lends all of the psychological well being help you want.
Also, each particular person experiences psychological well being points otherwise, however there are a couple of frequent indicators that you would be able to search for to find out for those who or the one you love is experiencing poor psychological well being. This article will clarify six frequent signs of poor psychological well being and efficient remedy methods.
The 6 Common Signs of Poor Mental Health
If one thing feels off otherwise you simply don’t really feel like your self from the previous few days, don’t ignore the sensation, because it might be an indication that it is advisable to take care of your self. While it might be difficult to pinpoint what exactly poor psychological well being looks like, the six frequent indicators of mental health disorders talked about beneath can assist.
1. Disrupted Sleep
Poor or disturbed sleep might be an enormous pink flag that one thing is mistaken together with your psychological well being. It might be a matter of concern whether or not you discover it difficult to go to sleep or keep asleep, indicating melancholy or nervousness. Frequent oversleeping may additionally counsel that psychological well being dysfunction, demonstrating that your physique is drained to burnout.
2. Lack of Happiness
While having a nasty day in life is regular, it shouldn’t be a routine. Hence, if you end up devoid of happiness and really feel bored in actions you as soon as beloved, it might be an indication of psychological well being sickness, reminiscent of melancholy. For instance, it might point out psychological well being disturbance for those who have been used to enjoying guitar or golf however now skip the periods or make excuses to exit with mates.
3. Low Energy
You might at all times really feel low on power or torpid whereas battling a psychological well being dysfunction. You might discover it tougher to pay attention, observe conversations, or assume rapidly because of fatigue or feeling mentally or bodily sluggish. Hence, for those who discover it troublesome to get out of mattress or expertise an absence of motivation, it’s time that you could seek the advice of your physician.
4. Weight or Appetite Changes
There are a spread of ways in which psychological well being issues can have an effect on how a lot you eat. While some individuals don’t really feel hungry in any respect or have the power to eat, ensuing within the loss of urge for food, others might discover binge consuming useful in preserving the depressive or anxious ideas and emotions at bay. Hence, for those who discover you’re out of the blue consuming an excessive amount of or too little or observing a shift in your weight over a brief interval, it might be time to hunt psychological well being help.
5. Emotional Outbursts
When an individual struggles with psychological well being points, they could really feel stressed, snappy, annoyed, irritated, or aggressive to an excessive extent. It occurs as a result of psychological well being issues like melancholy and nervousness could make it tougher to self-regulate the ideas and emotions of a person, which can make them extra delicate or reactive than common.
6. Worsening Physical Symptoms
Most psychological well being issues present signs reminiscent of dizziness, fast coronary heart price, headache, temper swings, sweating, and gastrointestinal disturbances, which can point out declining psychological well being. Also, if these bodily signs happen with no different medical trigger, you could search assist.
Treatment for Mental Health Disorders
One factor about remedy that’s common is that it’s extremely particular person, which suggests what works for one individual might not profit one other. Hence, a number of methods are sometimes mixed for mental health treatment. Also, for profitable outcomes, docs or psychological well being professionals have to work with each particular person individually to determine their wants and present acceptable psychological well being help.
Just a few remedy choices which will assist individuals with poor psychological well being are talked about beneath:
- Medications: Medications, reminiscent of antidepressants and antipsychotics, assist cut back the signs of numerous psychological well being sicknesses. The acceptable drugs change the mind chemistry and show you how to expertise fewer signs. Also, you could at all times observe the prescription and dosage; by no means cease taking drugs till or until your psychological well being supplier asks you to do it.
- Psychotherapy: Psychotherapy or speak remedy helps individuals handle psychological well being issues by easing their signs. Psychotherapy is commonly carried out in a one-to-one setting in rehab with a bunch of individuals or with a healthcare supplier personally. It focuses on changing destructive behaviours and thought patterns with optimistic ones.
- Alternative Therapies: Mental well being sicknesses like melancholy might profit from various therapies like acupuncture, yoga, meditation, therapeutic massage, and natural treatments. Also, these therapies might have an effect on different drugs. Hence, speaking to your healthcare supplier earlier than taking any dietary supplements or natural treatments is crucial.
- Brain Stimulation Therapies: Not each psychological well being dysfunction can enhance or handled utilizing psychotherapy or treatment. In that case, your healthcare supplier will counsel mind stimulation therapies, altering the mind’s chemistry and the way it responds to stimuli. Examples of mind stimulation therapies embody electroconvulsive remedy and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
Mental well being dysfunction refers back to the disturbances related to an individual’s cognitive, emotional, and behavioural well-being. Be it melancholy, nervousness, PTSD, or the rest, psychological well being issues range in severity and have an effect on how individuals react to stressors, have interaction with others, and make decisions. While most individuals handle their signs by receiving correct psychological well being remedy and help, others study new methods to deal with their struggles to realize extra management over their lives.
The indicators talked about above can assist you establish you probably have a psychological well being concern so that you could take steps to manage it. However, for those who want skilled psychological well being help, contact your close by psychological well being remedy centre to begin your restoration at present.A researcher’s decision to purify RNA or not depends on their unique application, despite having near-perfect RNA purification technologies at their fingertips.
RNA is one of the most important biomolecules in existence. For controlling myriad biological processes, RNA is second in command, with DNA being the master controller. By utilizing current technologies, researchers can pretty painstakingly purify RNA. But challenges remain such as keeping RNA stable. Depending on the research application, purification may, or may not, be necessary.
Susan Eshleman, MD, PhD, professor of pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., directs a CLIA-certified HIV genotyping lab that is involved in the characterization of HIV viruses, detection of drug resistance mutations in HIV, and analysis of viral sequences. “The HIV virus has an RNA genome, so if you want to look at HIV sequences, almost every application requires that you first isolate the RNA from the sample,” says Eshleman. Sample types are often plasma or serum. Once HIV RNA is isolated from a sample, it must first be reverse-transcribed into cDNA; amplification of the cDNA pool by PCR, and sequencing of the amplified DNA typically follow.
In Eshleman’s case, the entire workflow from RNA isolation to HIV sequence interpretation is accomplished using one kit: the ViroSeq HIV Genotyping System, manufactured by Celera (Alameda, Calif.) and marketed by Abbott Molecular. “[The kit] is a complex system that includes all of the reagents needed to take a sample of plasma and produce a drug resistance report; it also includes the software used for analysis of
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state’s largest and most popular beach developments dating from the 1920s to the 1960s. They ranged from the Outer Banks to Topsail Beach, Wrightsville Beach to Sunset Beach.
Some of those developments were so large that they were basically towns in their own right.
In fact, some of those developments later incorporated as towns. In effect, they became a different kind of “sundown town:” all-white neighborhoods, all-white neighborhood associations (or town councils) and all-white beaches.
Unlike an earlier generation of “sundown towns,” what kept them all white wasn’t the threat of violence, but discriminatory laws, lending practices and regulatory policies.
There was, in effect, collusion among bankers, insurers, developers and real estate agents to keep coastal development in the hands of whites. And at the time, all—or at least the large majority—of these discriminatory practices were legal.
After the U.S. Supreme Court’s Ruling
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled racial covenants to be unconstitutional in 1948, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968 made them violations of federal law. Though ruled unconstitutional, they remain in many deeds and can be seen in county offices by anyone who cares to see them.
In a way they’re like the faint, painted-over outlines of “White” and “Colored” signs that, when I was young, I still saw occasionally by doors, restrooms and water fountains in the basements or old storage rooms of some of the South’s old movie theaters—relics of a Jim Crow Age that has passed.
And yet I sometimes wonder. While racial covenants can’t be legally binding anymore, I still ask myself: to what extent has the spirit of them outlived their constitutionality?
Did our beach developments and waterfront resorts open up to African Americans and other people of color after the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in 1948 and the civil rights legislation of the 1960s? Did the historic districts in our coastal towns?
Or has the spirit of the racial covenants endured, if not in letter, than in our minds and in the merciless logic of the marketplace?
* * *
On that note, I am closing “The Color of Water” for now. I hope you’ve enjoyed the series, and I hope that maybe it’s helped you to see our coastal world in a new light.
I’m still exploring North Carolina’s coastal past and learning new things all the time, so if I find anything important on the history of Jim Crow and the state’s coastal waters, I’ll be sure to add to the series in the future.
I’m deeply grateful to all of you that shared documents, stories and other historical sources with me about this too-long-neglected part of our coastal past.
From the bottom of my heart, I want to thank the following people: Stephanie Bell-Rose, Catherine Bishir, Amelia Dees-Killette, Jack Dudley, Jenny Edwards, Jean Frye, Regina Yvette Carter Garcia, Anthony James, Marvin T. Jones, Ernestine Keaton, David Killette, Ginger Littrell, Eddie McCoy, Lew Powell, Bunny Sanders, Crystal Sanders, Barbara Snowden, Odell Spain, Ben Speller, Beverly Tetterton, Tim Tyson, Michelle Underhill, Martha Waggoner and Joyce Williams.
To you all: thank you, thank you, thank you. I could not have figured any of this out without your help.Hâkimin Reddi İstemine Karar Verecek Mahkeme
CMK Madde 27
(1) Hâkimin reddi istemine mensup olduğu mahkemece karar verilir. Ancak, reddi istenen hâkim müzakereye katılamaz. Bu nedenle mahkeme teşekkül edemezse bu hususta karar verilmesi;
a) Reddi istenen hâkim asliye ceza mahkemesine mensup ise bu mahkemenin yargı çevresi içerisinde bulunan ağır ceza mahkemesine,
b) Reddi istenen hâkim ağır ceza mahkemesine mensup ise o yerde ağır ceza mahkemesinin birden fazla dairesinin bulunması hâlinde, numara olarak kendisini izleyen daireye, son numaralı daire için (1) numaralı daireye; o yerde ağır ceza mahkemesinin tek dairesi bulunması hâlinde ise, en yakın ağır ceza mahkemesine, aittir.
(2) Ret istemi sulh ceza hâkimine karşı ise, yargı çevresi içinde bulunduğu asliye ceza mahkemesi ve tek hâkime karşı ise, yargı çevresi içerisinde bulunan ağır ceza mahkemesi karar verir.
(3) Bölge adliye mahkemesi ceza dairelerinin başkan ve üyelerinin reddi istemi, reddedilen başkan ve üye katılmaksızın görevli olduğu dairece incelenerek karara bağlanır.
(4) Ret isteminin kabulü halinde, davaya bakmakla bir başka hâkim veya mahkeme görevlendirilir.
CMK Madde 27 Gerekçesi
Maddenin birinci ve ikinci fıkralarında hâkimin reddi istemini inceleyip karara bağlayacak mahkemeler, uygulamada tereddüde yer bırakmayacak bir açıklıkla belirtilmiştir. 1412 sayılı Kanunun 26 ncı maddesinin ikinci fıkrasının son cümlesinde yer alan “Ret olunan hâkim, ret talebinin haklı olduğunu kabul ederse ret talebi hakkında bir karar verilmez.” hükmüne yer verilmemiş, böylece, her hâlde merciin karar vermesi zorunluğu kabul edilmiştir.
Maddenin üçüncü fıkrasında ise bölge adliye mahkemesi ceza dairesi başkan ve üyelerinin reddi isteminin, reddedilen başkan ve üye katılmaksızın görevli olduğu dairece incelenerek karara bağlanacağı ve dairelerin toplantılarını engelleyen toplu ret istemlerinin dinlenmeyeceği hükme bağlanmıştır.
Hâkimin reddi hususunda ileri sürülen nedenlerin geçersiz olmasından dolayı istemin kabul edilmemesi hâlinde beşyüzmilyon liraya kadar hafif para cezasına hükmedilebilmesine olanak sağlanmıştır.
Geçerli nedenlerle hâkimi reddetmek yetkisi yasal bir haktır. Ancak, taraflar için güvence sağlayan bu hakkın kötüye kullanılması ve bu yolla hâkimin kişilik haklarına saldırıda bulunulması veya kendisine karşı suç işlenmesi hâllerinde, hâkimin de herkes gibi dava ve şikâyette bulunma hakkı olduğundan 1412 sayılı Kanunun 26 ncı maddesinin son fıkrası gibi bir hükme maddede ayrıca yer verilmemiştir.
CMK 27 (Hâkimin Reddi İstemine Karar Verecek Mahkeme) Emsal Yargıtay Kararları
Ceza Genel Kurulu 2019/425 E. , 2020/4 K.
- CMK 26*, CMK 28, CMK 29
Hâkimin reddi kurumunun kötüye kullanılması nedeniyle Almanya Usul Kanunu’ndaki hükümler Türk Ceza Hukuku sistemince de benimsenmiş, düzenlemeyle yersiz, zamansız ve duruşmayı uzatmak maksadıyla, kötü niyete dayalı olarak yapılan hâkimin reddi taleplerinin geri çevrilmesi suretiyle bu tür taleplerin sonuçsuz bırakılması amaçlanmıştır.
Hâkimin görev yasağı bulunan davaya bakamayacağı ve yargılamaya katılamayacağı hâllerde ret istemi herhangi bir süreye bağlanmamış, yargılama bitene kadar ret talebinde bulunmak mümkün kılınmış ise de; tarafsızlığını şüpheye düşürecek sebeplerden dolayı hâkimin reddinin, ilk derece mahkemelerinde sanığın sorgusunun başlanmasına, duruşmalı işlerde bölge adliye mahkemelerinde inceleme raporu ve Yargıtayda görevlendirilen üye veya tetkik hâkimi tarafından yazılmış olan rapor üyelere açıklanıncaya kadar istenebileceği hüküm altına alınmıştır. Diğer hâllerde, inceleme başlayıncaya kadar hâkimin reddi istenebilecektir. Sonradan ortaya çıkan veya öğrenilen sebeplerle duruşma veya inceleme bitinceye kadar da hâkimin reddi istenebilir. Ancak bu istemin, ret sebebinin öğrenilmesinden itibaren yedi gün içinde yapılması gerekmektedir. Anılan sürelere uyulmadığının belirlenmesi hâlinde ret istemi geri çevrilmelidir.
Kanun’da sayılan düzenlemelerle ret talebinde, ret sebebinin ve delillerinin gösterilmesi şart koşulmuş, böylece soyut, gerekçesiz olan ret isteklerinin önüne geçilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Hâkime, gösterilen delilleri inandırıcı bulmaması hâlinde de ret isteğini geri çevirebilmesi imkânı tanınmış, ret talebinde bulunanın, ret nedenlerini somut olarak ortaya koyması zorunlu tutulmuştur.
Ret isteminin açıkça duruşmayı uzatmak amacıyla yapıldığı anlaşılırsa ret isteği geri çevrilmelidir. Ret isteyenin amacı açıkça anlaşılamıyor ya da bu konuda kuşku bulunuyorsa, ret isteği bu nedenle geri çevrilmemelidir. Ancak ret talebinde bulunan, ret nedenlerinin tümünü bir defada açıklamak yerine, aşamalar hâlinde açıklamakta ise duruşmayı uzatmak istediği söylenebilir.
Ret isteği süresinde yapılmışsa, ret nedenine ilişkin inandırıcı kanıtlar gösterilmişse ve yargılamayı uzatma amacı yoksa CMK’nın 27. maddesinde belirtilen usul izlenerek reddi istenen hâkimin katılımı olmaksızın bu konuda bir karar verilmelidir.
5271 sayılı Kanun’un 28. maddesine göre ret isteminin kabulüne dair verilen kararlar kesindir. Ret isteminin kabulüne dair karar verilmesi üzerine davaya bakmakla başka bir hâkim veya mahkeme görevlendirilecektir. Ret isteminin kabul edilmemesine dair kararlara karşı ise itiraz yoluna gidilebilecektir. İtiraz mercisince verilen ret kararları ancak hükümle birlikte incelenebilecektir.
2797 sayılı Yargıtay Kanunu’nun “Genel esaslar” başlıklı 39. maddesi;
“Yargıtay daireleri ile kurulları oylamaya katılacakların tümünün hazır bulunması veya bu Kanunla belli edilen çoğunluğun meydana gelmesi halinde toplanır.
Görüşmeler gizli olur. Daire ve kurullarda kararlar çoğunlukla verilir. Özel hükümler saklıdır.
Dairelerin veya genel kurulların başkan ve üyeleri reddolunabilirler. Ret hususundaki istemler, reddedilen başkan veya üye katılmaksızın ilgili daire veya genel kurullarca incelenerek kesin karara bağlanır. Daire ve kurulların toplantılarını engelleyen toplu ret istemleri dinlenmez.” şeklinde düzenlenmiştir.
Maddenin birinci fıkrasında daireler ve kurulların, oylamaya katılacak olan üyelerin tamamının hazır olması veya kanunda belirlenen sayıya ulaşılması hâlinde toplanabileceği belirtilmiş, ikinci fıkrasında özel hükümler ayrıksı olmak üzere görüşmelerin gizli olacağı ve kararların çoğunlukla verilebileceği düzenlenmiş, üçüncü fıkrasında ise dairelerin veya genel kurulların başkan ve üyelerinin reddolunabilecekleri, reddolunmaları durumunda reddedilen başkan veya üye katılmaksızın anılan daire veya kurul tarafından ret isteminin kesin bir şekilde karara bağlanacağı ve heyetin tümünün toplanmasını engelleyen ret istemlerinin dinlenmeyeceği hüküm altına alınmıştır.
Öte yandan, 24.12.2017 tarihli Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanan 696 sayılı KHK’nın 45. maddesiyle yapılan ve 7079 sayılı Kanun’un 40. maddesiyle aynen kabul edilerek kanunlaşması sonrasında 08.03.2018 tarihli Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanarak yürürlüğe giren 2797 sayılı Yargıtay Kanunu’na eklenen geçici 16. maddesi ile;
“Hukuk Genel Kurulu ve Ceza Genel Kurulunun içtihadı birleştirme toplantılarına ilişkin hükümler saklı kalmak kaydıyla, 31/12/2022 tarihine kadar bu kurulların oluşumu ve çalışma usulü hakkında aşağıdaki hükümler uygulanır.
a) Hukuk Genel Kurulu ve Ceza Genel Kurulu, her hukuk ve ceza dairesinden en az bir üye olmak kaydıyla Birinci Başkanlık Kurulu tarafından görevlendirilen yirmişer üyeden oluşur. Bu kurullara, Birinci Başkan veya ilgili başkanvekili, bunların bulunmaması halinde kurulların en kıdemli üyesi başkanlık eder.
b) Üyeler Hukuk Genel Kurulu ve Ceza Genel Kurulunda sürekli olarak görev yaparlar. Ancak, iş durumu gözönüne alınmak suretiyle üyelerin daire çalışmalarına katılmalarına Büyük Genel Kurul tarafından karar verilebilir.
c) Kurullarda toplantı ve görüşme yeter sayısı onbeştir. Toplantıda bulunanların üçte ikisinin oyu ile karar verilir. Birinci toplantıda üçte iki oy çoğunluğu sağlanamazsa ikinci toplantıda bulunanların çoğunluğuyla karar verilir.
Bu maddede hüküm bulunmayan hallerde, Hukuk Genel Kurulu ve Ceza Genel Kurulunun çalışmasına ilişkin bu Kanunun mevcut hükümleri uygulanmaya devam olunur.” şeklinde düzenleme yapılmıştır.
Bu madde ile oluşumu ve çalışma usulünde değişiklik yapılan Ceza Genel Kurulunun 31.12.2022 tarihine kadar, her ceza dairesinden en az bir üye olmak kaydıyla Birinci Başkanlık Kurulu tarafından görevlendirilen yirmişer üyeden oluşacağı, bu üyelerin kurulda sürekli olarak görev yapacakları düzenlenmiştir. Bu bilgiler ışığında ön sorun konusu değerlendirildiğinde;
Sanığın çekilmeye davet ve reddi hâkim taleplerini belirttiği 24.06.2019 tarihli dilekçesinde; tarafsızlığı şüpheye düşürecek nedenlerin Ceza Genel Kurulu Başkan ve Üyelerinin her biri bakımından somut olarak ortaya konulmadığı gibi çekilmeye davet ve reddi hâkim nedenlerinin delilleriyle birlikte sunulmadığı, toplantıya katılan Başkan ve Üyelerin temyiz davasına bakmasını ve yargılamaya katılmasınını engelleyen, tarafsızlıklarını şüpheye düşürecek başka bir neden de bulunmadığı, 2797 sayılı Yargıtay Kanunu’nun geçici 16. maddesi uyarınca, bir Başkan ile 31.12.2022 tarihine kadar sürekli görev yapmak üzere görevlendirilen yirmi üyeden oluşan Ceza Genel Kurulunun oluşumu ve çalışma usulü itibarıyla Ceza Genel Kurulu Başkan ve Üyelerine yönelik söz konusu talebin, Kurulun toplantılarını engelleyen toplu ret istemi niteliğinde olduğu anlaşıldığından, 2797 sayılı Yargıtay Kanununun 39. maddesinin 3. fıkrasının son cümlesi uyarınca dinlenemez olduğuna, kesin olarak ve oy birliğiyle karar verilmiştir.
YARGITAY 15. CEZA DAİRESİ Esas : 2016/5060 Karar : 2017/5924 Tarih : 13.02.2017
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CMK 27. Madde
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Hâkimin Reddi İstemine Karar Verecek Mahkeme
Güveni kötüye kullanma suçundan sanık …‘nin 5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun 155/2, 62/1 ve 52/2. maddeleri gereğince 10 ay hapis ve 80,00 Türk Lirası adlî para cezası ile cezalandırılmasına dair Denizli 3. Ağır Ceza Mahkemesinin 01/07/2014 tarihli ve 2012/290 esas, 2014/171 sayılı kararının kesinleşmesini müteakip, sanık müdafii tarafından yapılan yargılamanın yenilenmesi talebi üzerine söz konusu talebin kabule şayan olup olmadığının tespiti amacıyla Denizli 3. Ağır Ceza Mahkemesince yapılan duruşma sırasında, hakim görevlendirilmesi talebinin reddine ilişkin Denizli 4. Ağır Ceza Mahkemesinin 18/05/2016 tarihli ve 2016/340 değişik iş sayılı kararına karşı yapılan itirazın reddine dair Denizli 1. Ağır Ceza Mahkemesinin 06/06/2016 tarihli ve 2016/516 değişik iş sayılı karar aleyhine Yüksek Adalet Bakanlığınca verilen 17.11.2016 gün ve 94660652-105-20-12031-2016-Kyb sayılı kanun yararına bozma talebine dayanılarak dava dosyası … Cumhuriyet Başsavcılığının 05/12/2016 gün ve 2016/392571 sayılı tebliğnamesiyle dairemize gönder
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u ha partecipato al progetto "Victim of Fashion", che ha avuto inizio su New Channel, e al suo lavoro sul canale Inter TV nel progetto "Chance".
Alla fiera Autunno-Inverno 2006-2007, Andre Tan ha condiviso i suoi progetti creativi con la comunità mondiale, presentando la sua tendenza alla moda Smart Couture, rivolta agli abitanti della grande città moderna. Per molti rappresentanti del mondo monde, Smart Couture è diventata la base del proprio stile.
La fama, improvvisamente esplosa nella vita di Andre, ha drasticamente cambiato le condizioni della sua esistenza. Ma lui stesso non è cambiato e non ha smesso di considerare tagli troppo evidenti e altri mezzi di puntelli oltraggiosi.
La nuova collezione, presentata da Andre Tan durante la settimana della moda di Berlino, gli ha regalato una nuova vittoria: il designer ucraino è stato riconosciuto come il migliore tra i giovani stilisti coinvolti nello sviluppo di pret-a-porte per l'abbigliamento femminile. E presto Andre Tan, la cui biografia è iniziata in un piccolo villaggio ucraino, diventa partner e co-autore di Roberto Cavalli. Insieme, hanno sviluppato una collezione di abbigliamento pensata per i concorrenti di Miss Europe 2006.
Allo stesso tempo, nel 2006, la tendenza alla moda di Smart Couture ha acquisito lo status di invenzione brevettata. La combinazione di comfort e chic trovata da Thanne ha persino approvato gli insuperabili sarti di Parigi.
Andre Tan, il miglior designer in Ucraina (abbigliamento progettato dal maestro, è già stato riconosciuto dalle case di moda mondiali) è diventato un anno dopo nel 2007. Il premio corrispondente è stato consegnato allo stilista ucraino dal capo redattore della rivista ELLE.
Nel 2008, la collezione del designer ucraino è stata presentata nel punto più ricco del pianeta - il regno del Bahrain, e nel 2009 ha creato una nuova linea di moda dedicata ai giovani avanzati.
Molti la considerano l'incarnazione del sogno americano. Non avendo soldi, Tang, come il vento del cambiamento, irruppe nel mondo della moda e lo conquistò. Più recentemente, Andre Tan, la cui vita personale è sempre stata un tabù per i giornalisti, ha dato vita al suo progetto più significativo - è diventato il padre di una figlia affascinante (la madre della ragazza e la moglie del designer sono la donna d'affari ucraina Alina Kharechko).
Puoi comprare vestiti della prima linea, disegnati da Andre Tan, a Kiev:
E anche:
Con gli indirizzi di altri negozi di marca, tutti potranno fare conoscenza visitando il sito ufficiale del designer.Read lines 781-943 (when Antigone is taken away).
Content Summary for Teachers
The Chorus considers the power of love and emotions, and how moved they are upon seeing Antigone go towards her death. Antigone talks to the Chorus, remembering other miserable deaths that have taken place in history and mythology. She asks for sympathy from the Chorus; the Chorus claims that she may be suffering for the deeds of her father, Oedipus. Creon commands that his servants take Antigone immediately to a cave and bury her alive. Antigone speaks of how much she values her family, how her brother Polyneices was dearer to her than law. On Creon's orders, Antigone is taken away.几天前，我们看到小米印度负责人Manu Kumar Jain嘲笑了Mi便携式电动空气压缩机在印度的推出。事实证明，这不是为了启动，而是为了在印度进行众筹。该公司今天开放了Mi便携式电动空气压缩机的众筹，目前价格为2,299卢比。目前的资金目标是4000个单位。
在撰写本文时，有569个单位得到541个支持的资助。众筹将于7月23日结束。如果您打算资助，则该设备仅从8月10日开始发货(免费送货费用)。
Mi便携式电动空气压缩机的尺寸为124x71x45.3mm，重547克，非常便于携带。它具有2000mAh电池，可通过10W的microUSB端口充电。小米声称该产品需要3小时才能充满电。据称，除了自行车轮胎，自行车轮胎和足球外，还以5分钟的抽气速度为5个汽车轮胎充气，以填充一个轮胎。View Full Version : Transparency (Depth) Coloring & Concave Forms
03-15-2001, 12:31 AM
I am having problems coloring concave forms (a star for example) with transparent colors.
The regular color functions do not apply to concave forms when trying to use transparent colors.
Any suggestions ?
03-15-2001, 05:58 AM
I'm not sure I understand what you mean by concave forms. Do you mean concave polygons? Concave polygons aren't guaranteed to be rendered correctly. You should break them up into convex polygons, or better yet, triangles.
So far as transparent colors, do you mean alpha blending? OpenGL doesn't specify a particular color as a "transparency color" the same way something like a GIF file does. You have to use an alpha component and enable blending by doing something like so...
(Edit note: oops... forgot to write the doesn't above http://www.opengl.org/discussion_boards/ubb/smile.gif)
[This message has been edited by Deiussum (edited 03-15-2001).]
Powered by vBulletin® Version 4.2.2 Copyright © 2016 vBulletin Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved.LC5. The Origin of Our Oxygen-Rich Atmosphere
Today our atmosphere consists mostly of nitrogen (about 78%) and oxygen (21%) plus carbon dioxide and other trace gases (about 1%).
The nitrogen is injected into the atmosphere during volcanic eruptions. The reason nitrogen is so plentiful in the atmosphere is that it does not easily combine with other chemicals.
Oxygen is of special interest because most life forms depend on oxygen. Yet it wasn’t always present in the air. How do scientists know that there was no oxygen in Earth’s early atmosphere? Where did the oxygen come from? What was its effect on early life? The answers to these questions lie in rocks that contain the element iron.
Iron provides an important clue because it combines so readily with oxygen. If you leave an iron nail outdoors in wet weather, the nail becomes rusty. The technical name for rust is iron oxide (Fe2O3), which is a compound of iron and oxygen. Many (though not all) rocks that are reddish in color contain iron oxide. Iron can also combine with elements other than oxygen.
In this chapter we look at two different types of rock formations that incorporate iron: layers of iron-rich rocks called banded iron formations that formed before about 2.1 billion years ago, and rusty red sandstone deposits called redbeds that formed after about 2.1 billion years ago. These two iron-rich rock formations provide evidence that something unusual occurred about 2.1 billion years ago. Let’s find out more about how these rocks were formed, and then consider what that implies about the evolution of our atmosphere and life.
I. How Banded Iron Formations Came About
Stir salt in water and it seems to disappear. You know it’s there because the water tastes salty, but it is no longer visible because the salt has dissolved in the water. Other minerals such as iron and silicon also dissolve in water. Similarly, gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolve in water. Water, in other words, consists not only of water molecules, which are made up of two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen (H2O), but also molecules of a variety of other substances floating in and around the water molecules.
Like most other animals, fish depend on oxygen for life. But fish live in water so they cannot breathe as we do. Nor can they break apart molecules of water to extract the oxygen. Instead, as water passes through their gills, they take in molecules of dissolved oxygen (O2) that are floating freely in the water. Since these oxygen molecules are not chemically bound to any other substance, the gas is referred to as free oxygen.
Geologists have identified some very old rock deposits that they call banded iron formations (or BIFs). These formations consist of layers of iron-rich sedimentary rocks of various colors—blue, brown, red, or black. Most of the iron used today in cars, bridges, and other applications were mined from BIF formations.
A plausible explanation for the BIFs begins with the dissolving of iron in the early seas. Iron from deep in Earth’s crust could have entered seawater as a result of volcanic action, and would have easily dissolved. The dissolved iron would then have dispersed in the ocean.
The element silica also dissolved in the early oceans. Silica would have combined with some of the dissolved iron and formed thin layers of a dark rock, usually black or brown, called chert. Chert cannot dissolve in water, so it would have settled to the ocean floor.
You may recall that blue-green algae existed in the early seas, starting about 3.5 billion years ago. These simple life forms absorbed carbon dioxide from the water, incorporated the carbon in their tissues, and released free oxygen into the surrounding water. When free oxygen encounters dissolved iron, it immediately combines with the iron, and iron oxide results. Iron oxide cannot remain in solution. It falls to the bottom of the ocean as particles of rust.
During the spring and summer months, when light levels increased, the blue-green algae would have multiplied, releasing substantial amounts of free oxygen into the seawater. The oxygen would have combined with the dissolved iron in the water and become iron oxide. The iron oxide would then have settled to the ocean floor and formed a reddish layer.
Season after season, year after year, alternating layers of iron-rich rocks would have been deposited at the bottom of the shallow seas. Black and brown chert, which formed year-round, would have created dark layers in between the reddish layers. This process explains the layered BIFs that we see today.
II. How Tiny Organisms Changed the World
Stromatolites and BIFs provide evidence of how and when free oxygen became abundant in the seas and atmosphere of our planet. That change took place about 2.1 billion years ago when the oxygen released by the blue-green algae finally used up all the iron dissolved in the world’s oceans. Having no more iron to combine with, oxygen in the seawater increased. When the seawater became saturated with dissolved oxygen, the oxygen bubbled to the surface. The bubbles popped and enriched the air.
Prior to about 2.1 billion years ago, a piece of iron on land would not have rusted because there was no oxygen in the atmosphere. After about 2.1 billion years ago, when free oxygen entered the atmosphere, iron deposits on land began to rust when rain or moisture was present. Today, deposits of rust-red sandstone, dating from about 2.1 billion years ago, can be found in many places. These are called redbeds.
The evidence of BIFs, which formed before about 2.1 billion years ago, and redbeds, which formed after about 2.1 billion years ago, indicate an important turning point in the development of life on our planet. Previous to that time there was almost no free oxygen in the atmosphere. Then the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere increased gradually, and some 500 million years ago it reached its current level of about 21%. In the early years, unknown organisms all over the world must have been poisoned by this new chemical in the environment. But some species adapted and flourished under the new conditions.
III. How Oxygen Affected Life
When we think of oxygen, we naturally think of how we use it—to breathe. But oxygen is important in other ways as well. As oxygen continued to build up in the atmosphere, three fundamental changes took place.
Change #1. Some carbon dioxide was removed from the atmosphere. Three or four billion years ago, the Sun was cooler than it is today, but Earth’s early atmosphere was rich in carbon dioxide, which warmed our planet. Because carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, it trapped the heat of the Sun. Then gradually, the Sun grew hotter. If our atmosphere had stayed with the same level of carbon dioxide, Earth might have become like Venus—too hot for life to evolve. Luckily, blue-green algae started to populate the early Earth.
Like today’s plants, blue-green algae absorbed carbon dioxide from their surroundings. They incorporated the carbon into their tissues and released free oxygen. When the algae died, the carbon in their tissues was deposited on the ocean floor. Over the span of billions of years, the reduced amount of carbon dioxide lessened the greenhouse effect, so Earth did not overheat. Thanks to these tiny life forms, Earth maintained temperatures comfortable for the evolution of additional life forms.
Change #2. The oxygen-rich atmosphere stimulated the evolution of life. How do you receive energy to live? By eating, of course. But food alone is not enough. The food needs to combine with oxygen to provide the energy you need to walk, talk, write, and think. The next breath you take is the first step in your body’s use of oxygen to release the energy from the food you have eaten. Oxygen is effective at releasing energy because it combines readily with many different elements. Once life forms evolved that could use oxygen as a source of chemical energy, many new microorganisms developed. Eventually, some single-celled organisms combined to form the first multicellular organisms. After sexual reproduction began, evolution started to pick up speed. An explosion of living forms—over millions of years—produced larger and more varied plants and animals, including, eventually, us!
Change #3. Oxygen in the atmosphere helped to shelter Earth from ultraviolet radiation. As you have learned, plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Oxygen molecules, composed of two linked oxygen atoms (O2), encountered ultraviolet rays from the Sun. Those energetic rays broke the bonds that held the two oxygen atoms together. Some of them simply recombined. But some of the individual oxygen atoms combined with oxygen molecules to form ozone (O2 + O —> O3). Ozone, the three-atom variety of oxygen, absorbs ultraviolet radiation. As the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere increased, so did the amount of ozone in the upper atmosphere. Ozone helps to shield Earth from the Sun’s ultraviolet rays. Earth’s surface slowly gained some protection from the Sun’s life-killing rays, and it was then possible for some life forms to emerge from the protective ocean onto the land.
Fossils called stromatolites tell us that about 3.5 billion years ago tiny single-celled algae began to grow and multiply. As a by-product of their life processes, they released free oxygen into the seas. In those early years, the oxygen in the water combined with dissolved iron to form BIFs. By about 2.1 billion years ago, when nearly all the iron in the seas was used up, the free oxygen bubbled to the surface and enriched our atmosphere. The presence of an oxygen-rich atmosphere helped to keep the temperature of our planet at a habitable level. Oxygen provided a source of energy that stimulated the evolution of a variety of life forms. And oxygen in the upper atmosphere formed ozone, which protected life on the surface from deadly radiation. The oxygen level reached its current value of about 21% some 500 million years ago. These developments paved the way for the explosion of living forms that were to come.On 12 May, Brazil’s acting-government determined that the UGC (Union General-Comptroller), a federal agency whose role was to promote transparency and fight corruption, should close. In its place, the Ministry of Transparency, Oversight, and Control was created. ARTICLE 19 opposes these measures taken by the interim government.
Created in 2001, the UGC was fundamental for the creation and promotion of the Access to Information Law (AIL). It has also helped to promote the Open Government Partnership programme and to stimulate the creation of state and municipal comptrollers nationwide. Because of its performance, the agency even received several recognition awards.
Due to the absence of an autonomous body to promote and ensure access to information at all levels and spheres of government, the UGC has become even more essential. Currently, the agency hears third-stage appeals of cases of under the AIL, has the task of driving the implementation of the law by the agencies of the Federal Executive, alongside seeking to promote the law to other agencies. It is precisely these agencies that have best implemented the AIL, as shown by a report of ARTICLE 19 which analysed federal transparency levels
It is worth remembering that the UGC has worked to promote the AIL directly in the municipalities, through the initiatives “Brazil Transparent Scale” and “Brazil Transparent Programme.” The agency has also been responsible for exchanging experiences in the area with the Judiciary.
In practice, the replacement of the UGC by the new Ministry means the weakening of the oversight system, damaging the fight against corruption and reducing the promotion of access to information. The loss of connection with the Presidency is of concern as it was this arrangement that allowed the UGC to have certain duties, such as acting as a third recursive instance of AIL, establish leniency agreements and audit other executive agencies. The Ministry of Transparency will not have autonomy and institutional capacity to control the activities of other ministries, as it has the same status. Moreover, the replacement of an agency with a new one generates additional costs and may result in the discontinuation of important projects.
Rather than replaced, the UGC should have been strengthened and redefined as a permanent body with constitutional status, establishing itself as a state body. Currently there are some Constitutional Amendments before the Brazilian Congress that propose this change, which would prevent the agency’s closure on the basis of political motivations.
For ARTICLE 19, the closure of the UGC represents a huge step backwards in regards to building a culture of transparency and openness of public information in the Brazil, a process that had major boost in 2011 with the enactment of the AIL. This is not only a loss for the right to information, but also a loss for democracy and good governance.古巴总统劳尔·卡斯特罗已抵达加拉加斯参加将于3月8日举行的委内瑞拉总统乌戈·查韦斯的葬礼。卡斯特罗向社会党领袖表示敬意，称他已去世＆ldquo;无敌＆rdquo;的和“胜利”。
预计将有大约30位世界领导人参加这项服务＆ndash;包括现任巴西总统迪尔玛·罗塞夫和他的前任路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦。
玻利维亚总统埃沃·莫拉莱斯和阿根廷总统克里斯蒂娜·费尔南德斯·德基什内尔于3月6日抵达加拉加斯。
伊朗总统马哈茂德艾哈迈迪内贾德正在这次旅行中亲自表达敬意。美国，
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be more sensitive, than identifying D. bryoniae in pure culture and examining spore morphology under the light microscope. Further, the present method is less time consuming and labor intensive than using RAPD fingerprint analysis to differentiate between D. bryoniae and other Phoma species, since many different random primers have to be used to verify the accuracy of the results obtained with the RAPD technology.
The present method is also more cost effective when compared with currently used methods. Culture methods may require large amounts of special media and a high degree of skill to differentiate morphological characteristics of cultured organisms. Further, co-infecting organisms may not grow in the media chosen, resulting in inaccurate results. In contrast, the present diagnostic assay permits the simultaneous amplification of multiple samples and can be accomplished using very small amounts of fungal DNA, on the order of 50 nanograms (ng) or less.
Broadly speaking, the diagnostic method involves extracting genomic DNA from cells found in plant tissue, such as stems and leaves, or seed; replicating the DNA template with the use of specific oligonucleotide primers; amplifying the complimentary DNA for approximately 30 cycles of thermal cycling; and producing the PCR products which can be identified based on size or on hybridization ability with an oligonucleotide probe specific for D. bryoniae or other fungal species.
BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE FIGURES
In summary, the present method of detecting gummy stem blight, using unique oligonucleotide primers to amplify a D. bryoniae sequence and differentiating D. bryoniae from closely related, non-pathogenic Phoma species, could greatly increase early treatment and control of gummy stem blight in greenhouses, commercial production fields, and seed production fields.
A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof, to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth more particularly in the remainder of the specification, including reference to the accompanying figures, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the agarose gel results from PCR identification of fungal isolates, using the DB primer set.
FIG. 1A is a photograph showing the microtiter plate containing the PCR products resulting from PCR amplification using the DB primer set, visualized using the TMB substrate in the ELISA calorimetric assay.
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the agarose gel results from PCR identification of fungal isolates, using the PM primer set.
FIG. 2A is a photograph showing the microtiter plate containing the PCR products resulting from PCR amplification using the PM primer set, visualized using the OPD substrate in the ELISA calorimetric assay.
FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the agarose gel results from PCR identification of fungal isolates, using the NY primer set.
FIG. 3A is a photograph showing the microliter plate containing the PCR products resulting from PCR amplification using the NY primer set, visualized using the ABTS substrate in the ELISA calorimetric assay.
FIG. 4 is a photograph showing agarose gel results from PCR amplification of crude plant lesion extracts using the DB primer set.
FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the agarose gel results from PCR amplification of crude plant lesion extracts using the PM primer set.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 6 is a photograph showing agarose gel results from PCR amplification of crude plant lesion extracts using the NY primer set.
Other objects, features and aspects of the present invention are disclosed in, or are obvious from, the following Detailed Description. It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present discussion is a description of exemplary embodiments only and is not intended as limiting the broader aspects of the present inventions which broader aspects are embodied in the exemplary construction.
The detection method of the present invention utilizes the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, whereby total genomic DNA is extracted from potentially infected plant tissues, cells, and seed, and the fungal DNA is then amplified using specific oligonucleotide primers to target desired DNA regions for replication and amplification. If the DNA sequence complimentary to the oligonucleotide primers is found in the samples to be analyzed, a PCR product will be generated that can be visualized using non-specific methods, like ethidium bromide staining, or specific methods, like hybridization with unique oligonucleotide probes to definitively identify the PCR product.
The present diagnostic method involves isolating genomic DNA from cells of plant leaves, stems, or seed, using techniques well known to those skilled in the art. Standard molecular biology textbooks, such as METHODS FOR GENERAL AND MOLECULAR BACTERIOLOGY, eds., Philipp Gerhardt, et al, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 1994, may be consulted for procedures to isolate DNA, without undue experimentation.
Initially during the PCR process, the sample DNA is denatured such that the double stranded DNA is separated into individual strands. Each strand is then replicated, using a pair of specific oligonucleotide primers that give rise to a PCR product of particular size. For example, the D. bryoniae primer pair (DB) gives rise to a product approximately 650 base pairs (bp) in length, as does the Phoma medicaginis-like primer pair (PM), while a 450 bp fragment results from amplification with the D. bryoniae—NY variant primer pair (NY).
In a preferred embodiment, the sample DNA is amplified using the PCR technique for about 30 cycles; then the resulting product is electrophoresed onto agarose gels for verification. In one embodiment, the PCR product is visualized by incorporating ethidium bromide, a dye which exhibits strong affinity for DNA, into the agarose gel. The PCR product is then visualized under ultraviolet light and its size estimated by comparison with a known standard, like a Lambda DNA marker.
In another preferred embodiment, template DNA is amplified with modified PCR primers specific for a particular group of organisms. Modification of the primers involves the addition of a biotin moiety to the 5′ end of the forward primer and the addition of a fluorescein moiety to the 5′ end of the reverse primer. Amplification of genomic DNA is then performed for approximately 30 cycles. Visualization of the PCR products is performed using a calorimetric method. The amplified DNA is first attached to the wells of a microtiter plate coated with avidin (NEUTRAVIDIN), which binds the DNA chemically via the biotin moiety. After washing off excess or unbound PCR product, an enzyme is attached to the DNA via the fluorescein moiety. Excess or unbound enzyme is washed away prior to the addition of a color substrate. The enzyme reacts with the substrate forming a colored product. The intensity of the color can be measured using commercially available readers (ELISA readers), thus permitting the rapid processing of multiple samples.
Specifically, the diagnostic method involves the following steps:
(a) removing a sample of leaf, stem, or seed to be tested for gummy stem blight from the plant; (b) extracting the DNA from the cells of the sample to use as a template; (c) replicating the desired region in the DNA template by binding specific oligonucleotide primers in a complementary fashion, such primers designed to give rise to a PCR product having a size different from the size of a product produced from amplifying any undesired genomic DNA; (d) amplifying complimentary DNA by conducting the polymerase chain reaction for about 30 cycles; and (e) identifying the PCR product by agarose gel or ELISA visualization or probe hybridization to determine whether a sequence unique to D. bryoniae, or to closely related Phoma species, is present.
- EXAMPLE 1
Cultivation of Fungal Isolates
The present invention may be better understood by reference to the following examples:
sp. isolates were obtained from several sources. The South Carolina (SC) isolates were originally isolated from commercial cucumber, cantaloupe and watermelon fields and were obtained in pure culture from A. P. Keinath. A second set of fungal isolates was obtained in pure culture from T. A. Zitter and originated from various regions within the United States (NY, AZ, WI, FL, and NC). Other isolates were furnished by a seed company for testing, while a fourth set was obtained from infected material (leaves, stem or fruit tissue) from commercial fields. The geographical origins of the isolates are as follows:
|ISOLATE || || || |
|CLASSIFICATION ||ORIGIN ||HOST ||DESIGNATION |
|New York (NY) ||Florida ||muskmelon ||FL1 |
| ||Florida ||watermelon ||FL2 |
| ||Arizona ||muskmelon ||AZ1 |
| ||Wisconsin ||muskmelon ||Wis1 |
| ||N. Carolina ||cucumber ||NC1, NC2 |
| ||New York ||muskmelon ||NY1, NY2, NY3, |
| || || ||NY5, NY13 |
| || || ||NY14, NY20, |
| || || ||NY21 |
| ||New York ||watermelon ||NY4 |
| ||New York ||cucumber ||NY6, NY10, |
| || || ||NY11, NY19 |
| ||New York ||pumpkin ||NY7, NY12, |
| || || ||NY17 |
| ||New York ||butternut ||NY8, NY9, |
| || || ||NY15 |
| || ||squash ||NY16, NY18 |
|South Carolina ||Edisto, SC ||cantaloupe ||C45, C46, C48, |
| || || ||C49, C51 |
| || || ||C53, C55, C76, |
| || || ||C79, C81, C82 |
| ||Edisto, SC ||cucumber ||C61, C62, C63, |
| || || ||C64, C65, C66, |
| || || ||C67, C68, C69, |
| || || ||C70, C72, C73, |
| || || ||C74, C75 |
| ||Edisto, SC ||watermelon ||W73, W74, W95, |
| || || ||W97, W99, |
| || || ||W100, W101, |
| || || ||W103 |
|GSB 95 ||Colleton, SC ||watermelon ||A1, A2, A3, A4, |
| || || ||A5, A8, A9, A11, |
| || || ||B1, B2, B3, B4, |
| || || ||B5, B6, B7, B8, |
| || || ||B9, B10 |
| ||Colleton, SC ||cantaloupe ||D1, D2, D3, D4, |
| || || ||C5, C6, D7, C8, |
| || || ||D9, D10, D11, |
| || || ||D12, D13, D14, |
| || || ||D15, D16, D17, |
| || || ||D18, D19, D20 |
| ||Edisto, SC ||cantaloupe ||F1, F2, F3, F4, |
| || || ||F5, F6, F7, F8, |
| || || ||F9, F10, F11, |
| || || ||F12, F14, F15, |
| || || ||F16, F17, F18, |
| || || ||F10, F20 |
| ||Edisto, SC ||watermelon ||G1, G2, G3, G4, |
| || || ||G5, G6, G7, G8, |
| || || ||G9, G12, G13, |
| || || ||G14, G15, G16, |
| || || ||G17, G18, G19, |
| || || ||G20 |
| ||Chesterfield,SC ||cantaloupe ||J1, J2, J3, J4, J5, |
| || || ||J6, J7, J8, J9, |
| || || ||J10, J12, J15, |
| || || ||J16, J17, J20, |
| || || ||J21, J23, J24 |
| ||Chesterfield, SC ||watermelon ||K3, K8, K10, |
| || || ||K12, K15, K16, |
| || || ||K17, K20 |
|“Blind” test ||Unknown ||Unknown ||W200, W201, |
|samples || || ||W202, W203, |
| || || ||W204, W205, |
| || || ||W206, W207, |
| || || ||W208, W209 |
The D. bryoniae and Phoma sp. isolates were grown on one-quarter strength potato-dextrose agar (QPDA) at ambient temperatures (22-24° C.) for a 12-hour photoperiod for 2 weeks or until pycnidia were produced.
- EXAMPLE 2
Genomic DNA Isolation
Preliminary identification was accomplished based on spore morphology characteristics.
D. bryoniae, Phoma sp. isolates, and those isolates identified as unknown were grown as described in Example 1, on QPDA in the dark for three days at ambient temperature. Cultures were flooded with 5 ml of sterile distilled water and scraped to remove mycelium, which was used to seed liquid cultures. Fungi were grown in sucrose-casein-salts liquid medium, 50 ml per 250-ml flask, for 2-3 days at ambient temperature in the dark. Cultures were decanted through four layers of sterile cheesecloth, and mycelium was washed with sterile distilled water. After removing as much liquid as possible, mycelium was frozen and stored at −20° C.
Genomic DNA was extracted as follows: 1.0 g of mycelium was harvested in eppendorf tubes and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen before storing at −80° C. until use. Frozen mycelium was ground to a fine powder using a mortar and pestle, and mixed with 5 ml of lysis buffer (50 mM TRIS-HCl, pH 7.5; 50 mM EDTA, pH 8.0; 3% sodium dodecyl sulphate [SDS]; and 1% 2-Mercaptoethanol) to a smooth consistency and incubated at 65° C. for one hour. The suspension was extracted twice with equal volumes of phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1), once with chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (24:1), and precipitated at room temperature with 0.1 volume of 3 M sodium acetate and 1.5 volume of cold isopropanol. The precipitate was spooled with a hooked glass rod, washed with 70% ethanol and resolublized in water. The DNA concentration was determined with a fluorometer (Hoefer TKO 100) and adjusted to 10 ng/μl.
For restriction digests, DNA was further treated with 100 μg/ml proteinase K at 56° C. for one hour; RNase-treated (100 μg/ml) at 37° C. for one hour; phenol:chloroform extracted; precipitated as above and resolubilized in TE buffer (10 mM TRIS-HCl; 1 mM EDTA).
- EXAMPLE 3
Identification of D. Bryoniae and Phoma-Species Specific Primers
DNA from 1 g of cucumber, cantaloupe, watermelon, squash and pumpkin leaves was independently isolated in an identical fashion as for fungal DNA except that after the addition of lysis buffer, the suspension was incubated at 65° C. for two hours before phenol:chloroform extraction. The final pellet was resuspended in water prior to use.
PCR-based RAPD analysis was completed as described by A. P. Keinath, M. W. Farnham, and T. A. Zitter, in Morphological, Pathological and Genetic Differentiation of Didymella bryoniae and Phoma sp. Isolated from Cucurbits, 85 Phytopathology 364 (1995), as follows:
Commercial RAPD 10-mer oligonucleotide primers were purchased from Operon Technologies (Alameda, Calif.) and used to prime PCR. Ten Operon primers were chosen to evaluate all fungal isolates as follows: T1 (SEQ ID:1): GGGCCACTCA; T7 (SEQ ID:2): GGCAGGCTGT; T12 (SEQ ID:3): GGGTGTGTAG; T13 (SEQ ID:4): AGGACTGCCA; T14 (SEQ ID:5): AATGCCGCAG; T18 (SEQ ID:6):GATGCCAGAC; K1 (SEQ ID:7): CATTCGAGCC; K4 (SEQ ID:8): CCGCCCAAAC; K8 (SEQ ID:9): GAACACTGGG; and K9 (SEQ ID:10): CCCTACCGAC.
The PCR reaction mixture contained 40 ng of genomic DNA, 2.5 μl of 10X buffer, 1.9 mM MgCl2,25 μg of nonacetylated bovine serum albumin (New England Biolabs, Beverly, Mass.), 0.1 mM deoxynucleotide triphosphates, 0.32 μM primer, and 1.5 units of Taq DNA polymerase (Promega Corp, Madison, Wis.) in a total volume of 25 μl. Final PCR reaction volumes were brought up to 25 μl with sterile water. All tubes were overlaid with one drop of mineral oil, and PCR amplification was performed in a Perkin-Elmer-Cetus (Norwalk, Conn.) Thermal Cycler 480, as follows:
Reaction conditions were initial denaturation at 94° C. for 2 min, followed by 45 cycles of denaturation at 94° C. for 1 min, annealing at 36° C. for 1 min and extension at 72° C. for 2 min. A final extension at 72° C. for 3 min was done before holding samples at 4° C. until use. The entire 25 μl sample volume was loaded into a 1.5% agarose gel for electrophoresis at 6V/cm with 1X TAE buffer (40 mM Tris; 20 mM Glacial acetic acid; 1 mM EDTA). Products were visualized by staining gels with ethidium bromide at 0.5 μg/ml.
RAPD
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commander in chief in 1966. A protÃ?Æ?Ã?©gÃ?Æ?Ã?© of Pres. Ayub Khan, Yahya was in command of the military when street riots erupted. Ayub called on him to take over the direction of the government and preserve the integrity of Pakistan. He was appointed chief administrator of martial law, which he declared with the words "I will not tolerate disorder. Let everyone return to his post."
Yahya Khan succeeded Pres. Ayub Khan when the latter resigned his office in March 1969. In 1971 a serious conflict erupted between the central government and the Awami Party of East Pakistan, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. The East Pakistani leader demanded autonomy for his half of the geographically divided nation, and Yahya Khan responded by ordering the Army to suppress the Awami Party. The brutality with which his orders were carried out and the resulting influx of millions of East Pakistani refugees into India led to the Indian invasion of East Pakistan and the rout of its West Pakistani occupiers. East Pakistan became the independent state of Bangladesh, and with its loss Yahya Khan resigned (Dec. 20, 1971).
He was replaced by his foreign minister, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who put him under house arrest. Shortly afterward he was paralyzed by a stroke and, after his release, played no further important political role.
Information about this topic in other articles:
Yahya Khan, Agha Mohammad
<***********THE HUTCHINSON FAMILY ENCYCLOPEDIA**********
Yahya Khan, Agha Muhammad (1917ââ?¬â??1980)
Pakistani president 1969ââ?¬â??71. His mishandling of the Bangladesh separatist issue led to civil war, and he was forced to resign.
Yahya Khan fought with the British army in the Middle East during World War II, escaping German capture in Italy. Later, as Pakistan's chief of army general staff, he supported General Ayub Khan's 1958 coup and in 1969 became military ruler. Following defeat by India in 1971, he resigned and was under house arrest 1972ââ?¬â??75.
AND ONCE MORE ANOTHER ENCYCLOPEDIA IGNORES HIS TRUE ACCOPLISHMENT AND PORTRAITS HIM AS A PRESIDENT WHO WAS FORCED TO RESIGN........AND RESPONSIBLE FOR THE BREAK UP OF EAST PAKISTAN.....!!!
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JOIN INTERNATIONAL BILL GATES FAN CLUB, WHO HAS CHANGED OUR WORLD FOREVER! WITHOUT BILL GATES COMPUTER WILL NOT BE A HOUSEHELD ITEM AS IT IS TODAY.....PLEASE VISIT MY CLUB AT: www.internationalbillgatesclub.comتاریخ انقلاب روسیه
همه انقلابها یک نقطه عطفی در تاریخ یک ملت محسوب میشوند، اما انقلاب اکتبر روسیه رو میتوانیم نقطه عطفی در تاریخ دنیا بدونیم. انقلابی که مسیر تاریخ را تغییر داد.برای فهمیدن دقیق انقلاب روسیه، بیاید بریم به اوایل قرن بیستم، یعنی جایی که نیکلای دوم تزار روسیه بود. سرزمینی که از دریای بالتیک تا اقیانوس آرام امتداد داشته و بیش از ۱۵۰ میلیون نفر با گروههای مختلف قومی زندگی میکردند.
کشوری که بیشتر مردم در فقر و تنگدستی بودند، ولی خاندان سلطنتی رمانوف مثل بقیه شاهان دنیا، در ناز و نعمت زندگی میکردند.توی اون دوران روسیه به صورت سلطنتی اداره می شد و شاه عملاً همه کاره کشور بود. اما کمکم احزاب دیگه هم فعالیتهای خودشون رو شروع کرده بودند و داشتن دیدگاههای خودشان را تبلیغ می کردند.
یکی از این دیدگاهها و احزاب خاص، حزب سوسیال دموکرات کارگری روسیه بود که در سال ۱۸۹۸ پایه گذاری شد.قبلا درباره این حزب و کمونیستها یه ویدیو کامل ساختیم که لینک اون ویدئو توی توضیحات هست، پس برای فهمیدن دیدگاه کمونیستها و سوسیالیستها و نحوه شکلگیری این عقیده، شما رو به اون ویدیو ارجاع میدم.خلاصه اعضای این حزب به دنبال دستیابی به یک جامعه سوسیالیسم بودند، اما چند سال بعد، بین افراد حزب هم اختلافات به وجود میاد و دو دسته میشن، بُلشِویکها و منشویکها.
بلشویک توی زبان روسی به معنی اکثریت و منشویک به معنی اقلیته پس این دو تا اسم به معنی اکثریت و اقلیته و همچین اسمهای عجیبی نیستن.رهبر بلشویکها ولادیمیر لنین و رهبر منشویکها هم ژولیت مارتوف بود. فعلا این حزب و اختلافات و نظریات شان را تا اینجا داشته باشید تا بریم شرایط روسیه رو توی اون سالها بررسی کنیم و دوباره برگردیم سر وقت این حزبها.
سال ۱۹۰۶ نیکلای دوم، که آخرین تزار روسیه هم محسوب میشه، بر اثر فشارهای جناح های لیبرال دولت، مجلس دومای روسیه رو تشکیل میده، مجلسی که اولین دوره اون تقریبا ۷۲ روز دووم میاره و بر اثر کشمکشی که بین مجلس و دولت به وجود میاد، تزار روسیه اونو منحل میکنه.
دوباره انتخابات برگزار میشه و این بار مخالفین تندرو تری وارد مجلس می شوند و دومای دوم هم بعد از سه ماه فعالیت، دوباره منحل میشه تا در نهایت دومای سوم، که بیشتر حامیان دولت وارد آن شده بودند، در سال ۱۹۰۷ آغاز به کار میکنه و میتونه تا آخر دور خودش دووم بیاره.
بعد از شکست روسیه از ژاپن تو سال ۱۹۰۵ و این اتفاقات مجلس، و فقر و اعتراضات مردم و دهقانان، جنگ جهانی اول تو سال ۱۹۱۴ شروع میشه و معضل بزرگتری رو برای روسیه پدید میاره.تزار روسیه هم تصمیم میگیره که وارد این جنگ بشه، جنگی که یک فاجعه برای روسیه تزاری بود.در حالی که در داخل کشور کمبود مواد غذایی و هرج و مرج اقتصادی وجود داشت، شکستهای ارتش در جنگ ها هم باعث خشم بیشتر مردم شده بود.سربازهای زیادی کشته و زخمی و اسیر می شدند و خیلی ها هم از جبههها فرار می کردند و عملاً دیگه حرف شنوی از مافوق خودشون نداشتن.
اواخر فوریه ۱۹۱۷، مردم در پتروگراد یا سنتپترزبورگ امروزی، که پایتخت روسیه تزاری بود شورش میکنند و به خیابانها میریزند. دولت نمیتونه جلوی این اعتراضها رو بگیره. بخشی از سرباز هایی که برای سرکوب مردم رفته بودن هم به مردم و انقلاب می پیوندند.مراکز دولتی، زندان ها و پاسگاه ها مورد حمله قرار می گیرند و دولت دیگه به کلی کنترل پایتخت را از دست میده.
در نتیجه این انقلاب، نیکلای الکساندروویچ رومانوف، یا همون نیکلای دوم استعفا میده و اینجوری طی ده روز، ۳۰۰ سال حکومت رمانوفها در روسیه به پایان میرسه.انقلاب فوریه خیلی سریع رخ میده و بعد از کنارهگیری نیکلای دوم، امیدها برای داشتن یک دولت روسی دموکراتیکتر و عادلانهتر بیشتر شد.اعضای مجلس دوما، یک دولت موقت تشکیل داده بودند که تا زمان انتخاب مجلس موسسان، کشور را بگردانند تا بعداً قانون اساسی جدیدی برای روسیه تدوین بشه.
اما توی پایتخت به جز مجلس دوما، شورای پتروگراد هم تشکیل شده بود. شورایی که توسط کارگران و سربازان انتخاب می شد و نیروهای نظامی، و حمل و نقل و ارتباطات پایتخت را کنترل میکرد. اعضای این شورای پتروگراد هم بیشتر از حزب انقلابی سوسیالیست و مِنشُویکِ مارکسیست بودن و عملا قدرت بین شورا و دولت موقت تقسیم شده بود.
توی این شرایط لنین که گفتیم رهبر بلشویکها بود، خودش را از تبعید با قطار به روسیه میرسونه و از این انقلاب سهم میخواد. البته آامان هم کمک میکنه تا لنین خودش رو با قطار به روسیه برسونه.چون لنین مخالف جنگ بود و حتی اگه به قدرت هم نمیرسید، حضورش باعث هرج و مرج در روسیه می شد که حواسشون رو از جنگ با آلمان پرت میکرد. دقت کنید که هنوز تو این زمان، جنگ جهانی اول تموم نشده بود و بقیه در حال جنگ بودن و فعلا توی روسیه انقلاب شده بود اما هنوز روسیه هم از جنگ خودش رو کنار نکشیده بود.
خلاصه توی همین اوضاع، دولت موقت تصمیم میگیره تا به جنگ ادامه بده و به تعهداتی که روسیه در قبال متفقین داشت عمل کنه و منشویکها هم از این تصمیم حمایت میکنند.اما لنین همچنان با این تصمیم و با دولت مخالفت میکنه و اونو جنگ امپریالیستی میخونه که بین بنگاههای مالی دنیا، یعنی بریتانیا و آلمان رخ داده که هدفش هم، تسلط بر جهانه.
اون همچنین عقیده داشت که زمینها باید از مالکان ثروتمند گرفته بشه و بین دهقانان توزیع بشه، و قدرت هم از دولت موقت بورژوازی، به شورای مردمی منتقل بشه.لنین با تمام قدرت تبلیغات می کرد و سعی داشت تا افکارش را پیاده کنه. این افکار و برنامه بلشویکها در یک شعار ساده خلاصه شده بود: نان، صلح و زمین.
با عمیقتر شدن بحران اقتصادی و نظامی روسیه، جذابیت این شعار برای توده مردم بیشتر و بیشتر میشد. رفتهرفته اعتراض و شورش مردم و بلشویکها افزایش پیدا کرد و حضور مردم در خیابانها، با حمایت بلشویک ها، باعث به وجود آمدن درگیریهایی شد.
دولت موقتی که تازه چند ماهی بود که قدرت رو گرفته بود، با این قیامها و شورش ها برخورد کرد. سرکوب پلیس مردم را متفرق کرد و چندین رهبر بلشویک از جمله لئون تروتسکی هم بازداشت شدن، در حالیکه لنین با کمک استالین به فنلاند فرار میکنه. دولت موقت اعتقاد داشت که تندروهای بلشویک، جاسوس های آلمانی هستند و با این شورشها قصد تضعیف ارتش روسیه را دارند. پس با همین اتهام جاسوسی برای آلمانها، آنها را دستگیر و زندانی میکرد.
بعد از یه مدتی که تروتسکی آزاد میشه، با سازماندهی کردن سربازان و نظم دادن به نیروهای بلشویک، دوباره دست به اعتراض میزنه. لنین هم مخفیانه به پتروگراد میره و به تروتسکی کمک میکنه.در نهایت در نوامبر ۱۹۱۷ یا اگه بخواهیم بر اساس تاریخ تقویمِ قدیمِ روسها بگیم، در ۲۵ اکتبر ۱۹۱۷،
با کمک گارد سرخی که تشکیل داده بودند، به صورت شبانه، نقاط کلیدی را میگیرند و مقر دولت موقت در کاخ زمستانی را هم تصرف میکنند و این جوری، بعد از ۹ ماه، دولت موقتی که از انقلاب فوریه روی کار آمده بود، با یک انقلاب دیگه سرنگون میشه.
فکر کنم اینجا جاش باشه که یه نکته درباره تقویم تاریخ روسیه بگم. نمیدونم تا حالا این سوال رو دیدید که می پرسند، مردم روسیه، انقلاب اکتبر را در چه ماهی جشن میگیرند؟ یا اینکه انقلاب اکتبر در چه ماهی اتفاق افتاد؟سوالی تقریباً عجیب که جوابش میشه ماه نوامبر، اما چرا؟
تا قبل از انقلاب اکتبر، روسها از یه تقویمی به اسم تقویم ژولینی استفاده می کردند و مردم بر اساس آن کارهاشون را انجام میدادند. اما این تقویم دقت لازم را نداشت و چون به طور رسمی در روسیه استفاده میشد، همه تاریخها بر اساس اون تقویم نوشته شده.پس انقلاب اکتبر روسیه، با همین تقویم قدیم، ۲۵ اکتبر رخ میده.
اما بعد از انقلاب و روی کار آمدن بلشویکها، در تاریخ ۲۴ ژانویه ۱۹۱۸ ، شورای کمیساریای خلق، فرمان تغییر تقویم را از تقویم ژولین به تقویم گریگوری صادر میکنه که این دو تا تقویم ۱۳ روز با هم تفاوت دارند.حالا دلیل این تفاوت ها چیه و چرا متفاوت هستند بماند برای بعد. فقط همین نکته رو اضافه کنیم که تقویم گریگوری، همون تقویم میلادیه که الان همه کشورهای مسیحی ازش استفاده میکنند و روسیه هم در سال ۱۹۱۸ چون با بقیه کشورهای اروپای غربی هماهنگ بشه، از همین تقویم استفاده میکنه. خب حالا دیگه برگردیم سر وقت موضوع خودمون یعنی تاریخ روسیه.
آغاز حکومت بلشویکها و فرمانهای اولیه (1917-1921)
حالا دیگه بلشویکها قدرت رو در روسیه دست گرفته بودند و شروع به محکم کردن پایه های حکومت خودشون کردن.پس از اینجا به بعد، جنگ داخلی خونینی شروع میشه. انقلاب هایی که با کمترین کشته و خونریزی به سرانجام رسیده بودند، حالا با جنگ نیروهای ارتش سرخ که گفتیم نیروهای نظامی بلشویکها بودند، با سفیدها که حالا دیگه مخالف بلشویکها بودند ادامه پیدا میکنه.
بلشویکها علاوه بر عملیات نظامی، پلیس مخفی به نام کمیسیون فوقالعاده مبارزه با ضدانقلاب و خرابکاری به نام چکا رو هم به دستور لنین راه میندازن که اونو میشه اولین سازمان امنیتی شوروی دونست. کار اصلی این سازمان هم از روی اسمش کاملا مشخصه. شناسایی، دستگیری و کشتن مخالفین و منتقدین.در این دوران، کشتار و شکنجه و سروبهای سازمان یافته وسیعی اینجام شد که به دوره وحشت سرخ، یا ترور سرخ معروف شد.
اما بجز چکا، شورای کمیسرایای خلق هم برای اداره کشور تاسیس شد که یه جورایی مقدماتی برای تغییر ساختار حکومتی کشور، به منظور تشکیل اتحاد جماهیر سوسیالیستی شوروی بود.همزمان ارتش سرخ با رهبری تروتسکی با ارتش سفید میجنگیدن و این جنگها در سرتاسر روسیه ادامه داشت. بعضی سلطنت طلبها به دنبال برگردوندن نام سلطنتی قبلی بودن. توی این شرایط نیکلای دوم، به همراه خانوادهاش در شهر یِکاترینبورگ در حصر خانگی بودن. کمونیستها از ترس اینکه مخالفین این شهر رو بگیرن و تزار رو دوباره به قدرت برسونن، تصمیمی میگیرن که حرف و حدیثهای زیادی رو تا به امروز هم در پی داشته. اونا تزار و خونوادهاش رو توی زیرزمین خونهای که بودن گلوله بارون میکنن و تمام اعضای خاندان رومانوف رو میکشن و اینجوری کار این خاندان رو تموم میکنن.گرچه حرف و حدیثهایی وجود داره که میگن أناستازیا، یکی از دخترهای تزار از این حادثه زنده میمونه، ولی ما دیگه به این موارد نمیپردازیم.
عهدنامه برست-لیتوفسک
یه اتفاق بسیار مهم دیگه در ابتدای قدرتگیری لنین میفته و اون هم خروج روسیه از جنگ جهانیه. لنین برای اینکه بتونه بلشویکها رو در راس قدرت توی روسیه نگه داره، با متحدین پیمان ترک مخاصمه میبنده که اگه علاقه داشته باشید، تو یه قسمت به جزئیات اون بپردازیم. این عهدنامه به نام پیمان برست-لیتوفسک معروف میشه که فعلا در همین حد بدونیم که براساس این پیمان شرمآور که در سوم مارس 1918 امضا شد، شوروی از سرزمینهای لهستان، بلاروس، لیتوانی، استونی، کورلاند و لیونی (Livonia) که بخشی از لتونی امروزه هستن، صرفنظر کرد و متعهد شد نیروهای خودش رو از فنلاند و اوکراین هم بیرون بکشه. امپراتوری آلمان بعد از پیمان برست – لیتوفسک چندین کشور حائل چند را ایجاد کرد که در حوزه نفوذ خودش قرار داشتن.
طبق این پیمان روسیه، 26 درصد از جمعیت و 27 درصد از اراضی حاصلخیز خودش رو از دست داد و حتی از ترس پیشروی آلمانها، پایتخت رو که گفتیم شهر سنتپترزبورگ بود، به مسکو منتقل کردن. لنین با پذیرش این پیمان، میخواست کمی زمان بخره تا بتونه قدرا اقتصادی و نظامی رو توی روسیه محکمتر کنه و اجازه نده که انقلاب شکست بخوره.
حالا دیگه بلشویکها دشمنان زیادی پیدا کرده بودند، از یک طرف متحدین، یعنی آلمان و اتریش و عثمانی که قصد داشتن زمین های بیشتری از روسها بگیرند، و از طرف دیگر ارتش سفید در جنگ داخلی، که میخواستن قدرت رو از دست بلشویکها خارج کنن.اما جالبه، نیروهای متفقین، یعنی بریتانیا و فرانسه و آمریکا و برخی کشورهای پادشاهی، مثل مجارستان و صربستان و ژاپن هم به گروه مخالفین بلشویکها و کمونیستها ملحق شدند و ترسشون هم از این بود که، این انقلاب کارگری به بقیه کشورها هم سرایت کنه. پس با تمام قوا به نیروهای سفید یا مخالفین بلشویکها کمک کردند و تا سالها هم بلشویکها را به رسمیت نشناختند.
اما بلشویکها و یاران لنین و تروتسکی، با قانون خدمت اجباری دهقانان در ارتش سرخ، و با استفاده از افسران سابق روسیه تزاری، ارتش سرخ را تقویت کردن و در این سالهای جنگ داخلی روسیه، بر تمام نیروهای مخالف غلبه کردند.کمیته اجرایی شوروی بعد از شکست آلمان و اتریش در پایان جنگ جهانی اول، اعلام کرد که شرایط و مفاد قرارداد برست-لیتوفسک دیگه قانونی نیست و روسها بخشی از سرزمین هایی که از دست داده بودن رو دوباره پس گرفتن و نیروهای آلمان و اتریش رو از آن سرزمین ها بیرون کردند. یعنی عملا شانس آوردن که آلمان و اتریش توی این جنگ شکست خوردن.
بعد از اون، روسها تونستن طی جنگی که با پادشاهی لهستان داشتن، اوکراینی که از سال ۱۹۱۸ استقلال خودش رو اعلام کرده بود، دوباره به خاک خودشون برگردونن. اما علاوه بر اون، در نتیجه این جنگ داخلی و جنبش های استقلال طلبانه، سرزمینهای فنلاند، استونی، لتونی، لیتوانی و لهستان، کشورهای خودشون رو تاسیس کردند.
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ote parziali nella tua visione, chiamato scotomi dimmerabili Lampi di emicranie oculari leggeri sono di solito brevi, della durata di meno di 5 minuti. Ma possono durare fino a 30 minuti. Quarantuno per cento delle persone hanno un mal di testa durante la perdita della vista, e il 25% ha prima o dopo.
Che mal di testa Diverso Da Quello emicrania può causare nausea?
Raffreddore, influenza, o influenza dello stomaco. Queste malattie virali può dare nausea e un forte mal di testa. Ma a differenza di emicrania, è solitamente avete altri sintomi, anche, come un naso che cola, diarrea, brividi, dolori muscolari e febbre.
Meningite. Un forte mal di testa che provoca la nausea e la sensibilità estrema alla luce potrebbe suonare come un emicrania. Ma se avete anche un collo molto rigido, con o senza febbre, potrebbe essere la meningite.
Cefalea a grappolo. La nausea non è un sintomo tipico di questi, mal di testa unilaterali intensi come lo è per l’emicrania. Ma alcune evidenze suggeriscono che può accadere per alcune persone che li ricevono.
Quando si sta ricevendo una diagnosi, il medico chiederà circa i sintomi specifici e la frequenza con cui si verificano. Questi dettagli saranno la aiutano a capire se il vostro mal di testa e nausea sono emicrania-correlati oa causa di un’altra malattia.
Come sono emicranie e nausea correlate?
Una teoria comporta una sostanza chimica del cervello chiamato serotonina. Gli scienziati pensano emicranie accadono quando certi nervi nei vasi sanguigni del cervello dei segnali sulla superficie del cervello per ingrandire. Che altro li fa gonfiare? Bassi livelli di serotonina, che sono anche legati al mal di mare e nausea. E ‘possibile che le persone con bassi livelli di serotonina possono essere più probabilità di avere emicranie.
Alcune persone hanno maggiori probabilità di ottenere la nausea con un emicrania, come le donne e le persone che sono inclini a cinetosi.
Alcuni tipi di emicrania hanno maggiori probabilità di causare nausea o vomito di altri. Questi includono:
L’emicrania con o senza aura. Quelli senza aura causare dolore testa, problemi di visione, vertigini, sensibilità alla luce, e nausea. Le persone che hanno attacchi di emicrania con aura tipicamente hanno avvertimento sintomi 20 minuti a 1 ora prima il mal di testa inizia, come problemi di visione e vertigini.
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آیا حنظلة بن صفوان پیامبر بود؟ به سوی کدام قوم مبعوث شده، و آیا در قرآن به ایشان اشاره شده است؟
1921 1397/07/17 تفسیردر برخی از گزارش های تاریخی و روایی سخن از پیامبری به این نام امده است. البته نام این پیامبر در قران نیامده ، اما مفسران و مورخان در ذیل بعضی از ایات قران و با توجه به روایات و گزارش های تاریخی می گویند ...Who is the intended audience for this course?
The intended audience for the course is both non-science and science students. Very few science students at this university actually have the opportunity to study quantum mechanics — this course is also aimed at those science students who want an opportunity to learn about quantum mechanics (And physics students who have studied quantum mechanics will likely find that the conceptual puzzles and historical background are covered in greater depth than in their physics courses).
Why do you like to teach this course? What’s the most rewarding aspect?
I teach this course because I believe that it is important for all students at this university to have an understanding of the basics of quantum mechanics. What is novel about quantum mechanics compared with previous theories in physics? How have scientists’ understandings of quantum mechanics changed over time? How is quantum mechanics being used to develop new technologies? Citizens need to have a basic understanding of relevant science in order to participate in decision making. The most rewarding part of teaching this course is being with students when they come to the realization that quantum mechanics thwarts our most basic expectations about how objects behave.
Can you name some practical applications for this course that non-science students might not realize?
A lesson of quantum research over the past century is that basic scientific research that can appear to have no practical applications turns out to have huge practical and ethical implications. One example is the development of the atomic bomb, which we discuss in the course. Another example is the current effort to develop quantum computers, which has implications for data security. We will examine University of Waterloo professor Michele Mosca’s work on this issue in the course.
Of course, the impractical implications will also be covered. For example: Does quantum mechanics entail that there are an infinite number of parallel universes to our own?
Does the course require any math, labs or other traditional science course aspects? Or is the coursework more essay/project based?
The course materials include videos and simulations as well as more traditional readings (I have been doing pedagogical research in this course on the effectiveness of multimedia materials supported by a LITE grant from the university). Some classic experiments will be demonstrated in class. No background in mathematics is needed for the course. We will discuss what the equations mean, but there are no problem sets. The assessment takes the form of quizzes and written assignments. The assignments involve engaging with philosophical, historical, and popular discussions of quantum mechanics. Again, students have an opportunity to choose among sources in a variety of media (e.g., videos of public lectures, book chapters).
What lead you from being a philosophy professor to wanting to explore teaching quantum mechanics? How does your philosophy background aid your quantum mechanics teaching?
My undergraduate degree was in physics, mathematics, and philosophy, so I have been combining these interests for a long time. Quantum mechanics presents paradoxes and does not present a straightforward and unambiguous picture of reality–this is the sort of situation that attracts (and frustrates!) philosophers! Both history and philosophy of science have informed my teaching of quantum mechanics. Considering quantum mechanics as one among many examples of conceptual revolutions that have occurred in the history of science is a helpful perspective. Philosophy of science has developed models for understanding conceptual revolutions. The history of quantum mechanics is also a rich source of teaching materials. Scholars have been trying to explain quantum mechanics to scientists and the general public for over a century now.
Do you have any book recommendations for students who want to engage more with quantum science?
Louisa Gilder’s The Age of Entanglement and George Musser’s Spooky Action at a Distance are both engaging books aimed at a general audience. Gilder’s book tells the stories of the people who contributed to quantum mechanics and their debates. Musser’s book focuses on how quantum mechanics might change our views about space and includes interesting interviews with scientists and philosophers at the forefront of these discoveries. Students should also check out the resources we are lucky to have locally. Quantum: The Exhibition now on display at TheMuseum in Kitchener is excellent. There are public lectures at the Perimeter Institute and on campus that are also recorded and posted online.
Do you have a favourite movie or TV show or book that you recommend to people who say they don’t like quantum science or science in general to help persuade them otherwise?
What’s not to like about science? But for those who need convincing, the human side of doing particle physics really comes through in the documentary Particle Fever (on Netflix), which chronicles the excitements and disappointments of the Large Hadron Collider experiment. And anybody who likes Angry Birds should check out the quantum version Quantum Cats, which was developed here at the University of Waterloo.ریچال مدو به تبانی بین ستاد انتخاباتی ترامپ و روسیه میپردازد و اینکه چگونه دولت ترامپ و هیات حاکمه از تحقیقات قضایی در این مورد جلوگیری می کنند. او سپس به ماجرای ارتباط فلین می پردازد و بر این موضع پافشاری می کند که غیرممکن است ترامپ در این ارتباط ها دخیل نبوده باشد. اگر دموکرات ها بتوانند ادعای ریچال مدو را ثابت کنند، ترامپ احتمالاً استیضاح می شود و ممکن است دوره ریاست جمهوری اش چهار ساله نباشد.There is nothing new about manipulation. Hippocrates in the fifth century BC and Galen (AD 131-202) both practised and wrote about it. The practice of spinal manipulation is very ancient. Chinese writings dating back to 2700 BC refer to manipulation as a healing art. There is also evidence that similar procedures were used in ancient Egypt, Babylon, Syria, Tibet and by the Aztecs and Incas of Central and South America.
Manipulation Buddhist temple Thailand 2000 years ago
Manipulation during Traction Medieval Turkey
Greek manuscript 900AD Hippocratic treatise on dislocation
The first attempts to influence the bony alignment of joints systematically by manipulation were probably developed in ancient Greece. Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, stated; “it is most necessary to know the nature of the spine, what its natural purposes are, for such a knowledge will be requisite for many diseases” and “In all disease first look to the spine”.
Five hundred years after Hippocrates, Galen, the celebrated physician to the Emperer of Rome, whose writing in the field of healing was the most extensive and accurate at the time, recognised the importance of spinal manipulation in treating many physical conditions. About the year 1000, Avicenna in Bagdad used and taught Hippocrates’s methods. Charaf Ed Din (1465) in Turkey and Vidio (1500-69) advised and illustrated manipulation during traction. Pare (1510-90) in France described how acute backache could be brought on by heavy work with the spine flexed and descibed and illustrated manipulative techniques which are very up to date. In Spain similar illustrations are found in Mercado’s book (1599) on “Bonesetting”. In 1656 Friar Moulton published “The Complete Bonesetter”. Many bonesetters were medical doctors and due to the rapid expansion westward in the settling of America the demand for their skill progressed to the establishment of the first teaching institution specifically for manipulation in 1893 in Kirkville, Missouri (see the history of osteopathy below).
What is the Origin of Osteopathy?
It is well to remember that the first drug to be manufactured was aspirin in 1899 by Bayer. Prior to that medical doctors had a more diverse role than today, dispensing herbal remedies and other plant drugs such as foxglove (1785) and morphine (1803), mineral drugs including large doses of heavy metals, as well as tending, cuts and abrasions, stitching wounds, setting broken bones and performing manipulations until then referred to as ‘bonesetting’. In the Hollywood Westerns, doctors are often referred to as “sore bones”.
Osteopathy as we know it today started a century and a half ago in America. At the time the west was being settled and the rough and tumble injuries the early settlers encounted required hands on remedies. Paget (1866) in his lecture “Cases that Bone Setters Cure”, describes the inconsistancy amongst bonesetters. Uniformity was needed, the first attempt to describe bonesetters’ manipulation systematically was by Hood, a medical doctor who published “On Bonesetting” (1871), describing the bonesetting methods of Hutton. It is not surprising that in settling America lots of injuries occurred and new medical schools flourished. Specific manipulative therapy as opposed to the medicine of the day is attributed to an American physician Andrew Taylor Still. In 1874 he established a system of manipulative treatment, which he called Osteopathy. In 1893 he founded the first Osteopathic College in Kirkville, Missouri. Unhappy with the way other doctors prescribed the medicines of the day to excess, Still sought more holistic approaches. He rejected the idea that germs alone cause disease but that diseases where more common when bones moved out of place and disrupted the flow of blood or the flow of nervous impulses making the body more susceptible to disease. He therefore concluded that one could cure diseases by manipulating to restore the interrupted flow. Observing that the human body had much in common with the machines he worked on in earlier life, Still approached the study of the human body as one would approach the study of a machine. Over time and with his study of medicine he developed a series of specialised physical treatments for which he coined the name ‘Osteopathy’.
In September 1895 Daniel David Palmer, a magnetic and spiritual healer said that he manipulated the forth or fifth dorsal vertebra in the upper back of a Negro janitor Harvey Lillard and claimed to restore his hearing fully after 17 years of deafness. D. D. Palmer is attributed to be the founder of modern chiropractic establishing the first chiropractic colleges in Davenport, Iowa in 1897. One of his first patients was a Greek scholar, Reverend Samuel Weed. Palmer asked him was there a Greek word meaning ‘done by hand’. Reverend Weed offered a combination of two Greek words PRACTKOS (to practise) and CHEIRO (by hand), hence the name Chiropractic was coined.
Daniel David Palmer
In Australia Chiropractors like Osteopaths undergo a five year masters degree to be eligible to be registered allied health care practitioners. Likewise Chiropractors are registered with every state registration board. Two broad groups of Chiropractors exist commonly known as ‘straights’ and ‘mixers’. Straight Chiropractors only manipulate the spinal joints without any soft tissue work, whereas Mixers, mix in peripheral joint and muscle work and many practise similarly to Osteopaths. Therefore mainstream Chiropractic is more a system of joint release only while Mixers and Osteopathy addresses the supportive joint ligaments, muscles and tendons.
The Birthplace 40,000 years ago in India
It was long believed that the birthplace of medicine was China but the dicovery in 1991 of Otzi the ‘Iceman’ mummified for 5,300 years in the Schnalstal glacier, a late Neolithic glacier in the Otzal or Italian Alps near the Austrian border changed the origins to India. Medical knowledge and techniques followed the spice routes from India to Tibet, then China and Japan, and later also to Eygpt, Greece, then Rome. Otzi had several tattoos on both sides of his lumbar spine, both ankles and one behind his right knee, all corresponding to x-ray evidence of strain induced degeneration in all of these area. These are thought to be acupressure or acupuncture points pre-dating the known such use in China (c 1000 BC) by 2,000 years. Similarly humans were not thought to have discovered copper (used in his axe) for another 1000 years forcing archaeologists to re-date the copper age as well as the birthplace of medical knowledge.
The oldest system of naturopathy is now considered to be from the Indian subcontinent known as Ayurveda. AYUR means life, and VEDA means science. The four aspects of life are the soul (atma), the mind (manas), the 5 senses (indriya) and the body (sharira). Ayurveda has an oral tradition dating back more than 40,000 years and a written tradition dating 5,000 years. The Ayuverdic model links the microcosm of the individual with the cosmos. At the heart of the system are three primal forces: prana, the breath of life; agni, the spirit of light or fire; and soma, a manifestation of harmony, cohesiveness and love.
The science is based on five elements comprising all matter: Ether (a nebulous nothingness that fills space), Air, Fire, Water, and Earth. An interplay of these five elements give rise to to three humours(wind, fire or bile, and phlegm) referred to as doshas and are the functional intellegences within the body derived from physiological actions: vata,(a combination of space and air), concerned with movement, transport, communication, and emotions: pitta (from air, fire and water), associated with digestion, conversion, hormone and enzyme activity and intellect; and kapha (from water and earth), aligned with structure, cohesion, liquidity and anabolism.
Three phases of activity (the gunas) are considered to govern existence: sattwa is inspiration, rajas is implementation and tamas is completion. Imbalances in the gunas can lead to ill health, likewise ill health can lead to imbalance in the gunas.The five universal elements are converted by agni, the digestive fire into the three humours, which influence individual health and temperament and are considered the wastes of digestion and metabolism. If digestion were perfect there would be no humoral imbalance, but because it is not, imbalance and ill health can follow. Air and Ether yield vata (wind), fire produces the humour pitta (fire or bile), while earth and water combine to give kapha (phlegm). Boby types (prakruti) are based on the doshic characteristics and can be single monodoshic, any combination of two bidoshic or all three being tridoshic.
The dominant humour is seen as controlling the character of the individual: Galen’s melancholic personality roughly conforms to a vata-type, his choleric personality matches the pitta -type and his phlegmatic personality is reminiscent of kapha-type. Food, drink, sensual gratification, light, fresh air, exercise and spiritual activities are used to fuel the digestive fire and produce the correct mix of humours, as well in Ayurveda 80% of disease is considered to arise from the mind as a “mist
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impact.
Data compression methods: lossless and lossy compression
Compressing data can be a lossless or lossy process. Lossless compression enables the restoration of a file to its original state, without the loss of a single bit of data, when the file is uncompressed. Lossless compression is the typical approach with executables, as well as text and spreadsheet files, where the loss of words or numbers would change the information.
Lossy compression permanently eliminates bits of data that are redundant, unimportant or imperceptible. Lossy compression is useful with graphics, audio, video and images, where the removal of some data bits has little or no discernible effect on the representation of the content.
Graphics image compression can be lossy or lossless. Graphic image file formats are typically designed to compress information since the files tend to be large. JPEG is an image file format that supports lossy image compression. Formats such as GIF and PNG use lossless compression.
Compression vs. data deduplication
Compression is often compared to data deduplication, but the two techniques operate differently. Deduplication is a type of compression that looks for redundant chunks of data across a storage or file system and then replaces each duplicate chunk with a pointer to the original. Data compression algorithms reduce the size of the bit strings in a data stream that is far smaller in scope and generally remembers no more than the last megabyte or less of data.
Taneja Group analyst Mike Matchett discussed the benefits of compression and deduplication and how the two differ.
File-level deduplication eliminates redundant files and replaces them with stubs pointing to the original file. Block-level deduplication identifies duplicate data at the subfile level. The system saves unique instances of each block, uses a hash algorithm to process them and generates a unique identifier to store them in an index. Deduplication typically looks for larger chunks of duplicate data than compression, and systems can deduplicate using a fixed or variable-sized chunk.
Deduplication is most effective in environments that have a high degree of redundant data, such as virtual desktop infrastructure or storage backup systems. Data compression tends to be more effective than deduplication in reducing the size of unique information, such as images, audio, videos, databases and executable files. Many storage systems support both compression and deduplication.
Data compression and backup
Compression is often used for data that's not accessed much, as the process can be intensive and slow down systems. Administrators, though, can seamlessly integrate compression in their backup systems.
Backup is a redundant type of workload, as the process captures the same files frequently. An organization that performs full backups will often have close to the same data from backup to backup.
There are major benefits to compressing data prior to backup:
- Data takes up less space, as a compression ratio can reach 100:1, but between 2:1 and 5:1 is common.
- If compression is done in a server prior to transmission, the time needed to transmit the data and the total network bandwidth are drastically reduced.
- On tape, the compressed, smaller file system image can be scanned faster to reach a particular file, reducing restore latency.
- Compression is supported by backup software and tape libraries, so there is a choice of data compression techniques.
Pros and cons of compression
The main advantages of compression are a reduction in storage hardware, data transmission time and communication bandwidth -- and the resulting cost savings. A compressed file requires less storage capacity than an uncompressed file, and the use of compression can lead to a significant decrease in expenses for disk and/or solid-state drives. A compressed file also requires less time for transfer, and it consumes less network bandwidth than an uncompressed file.
The main disadvantage of data compression is the performance impact resulting from the use of CPU and memory resources to compress the data and perform decompression. Many vendors have designed their systems to try to minimize the impact of the processor-intensive calculations associated with compression. If the compression runs inline, before the data is written to disk, the system may offload compression to preserve system resources. For instance, IBM uses a separate hardware acceleration card to handle compression with some of its enterprise storage systems.
If data is compressed after it is written to disk, or post-process, the compression may run in the background to reduce the performance impact. Although post-process compression can reduce the response time for each input/output (I/O), it still consumes memory and processor cycles and can affect the overall number of I/Os a storage system can handle. Also, because data initially must be written to disk or flash drives in an uncompressed form, the physical storage savings are not as great as they are with inline compression.
Data compression techniques: File system compression
File system compression takes a fairly straightforward approach to reducing the storage footprint of data by transparently compressing each file as it is written.
Many of the popular Linux file systems -- including Reiser4, ZFS and btrfs -- and Microsoft NTFS have a compression option. The server compresses chunks of data in a file and then writes the smaller fragments to storage.
Read-back involves a relatively small latency to expand each fragment, while writing adds substantial load to the server, so compression is usually not recommended for data that is volatile. File system compression can weaken performance, so it should be deployed selectively on files that are not accessed frequently.
Historically, with the expensive hard drives of early computers, data compression software, such as DiskDoubler and SuperStor Pro, were popular and helped establish mainstream file system compression.
Storage administrators can also apply the technique of using compression and deduplication for improved data reduction.
Technologies and products that use data compression
Compression is built into a wide range of technologies, including storage systems, databases, operating systems and software applications used by businesses and enterprise organizations. Compressing data is also common in consumer devices, such as laptops, PCs and mobile phones.
Many systems and devices perform compression transparently, but some give users the option to turn compression on or off. It can be performed more than once on the same file or piece of data, but subsequent compressions result in little to no additional compression and may even increase the size of the file to a slight degree, depending on the data compression algorithms.
WinZip is a popular Windows program that compresses files when it packages them in an archive. Archive file formats that support compression include ZIP and RAR. The BZIP2 and GZIP formats see widespread use for compressing individual files.
Other vendors that offer compression include Dell EMC with its XtremIO all-flash array, Kaminario with its K2 all-flash array and RainStor with its data compression software.
Data differencing is a general term for comparing the contents of two data objects. In the context of compression, it involves repetitively searching through the target file to find similar blocks and replacing them with a reference to a library object. This process repeats until it finds no additional duplicate objects. Data differencing can result in many compressed files with just one element in the library representing each duplicated object.
In virtual desktops, this technique can feature a compression ratio of as much as 100:1. The process is often more closely aligned with deduplication, which looks for identical files or objects, rather than within the content of each object.
Data differencing is sometimes referred to as deduplication.Kabızlık ve Tedavisi
- Genel bilgi
- Hangi durumlarda kabızlıktan söz edilebilir?
- Belirtileri nelerdir?
- Kabızlık nelere sebep olur?
- Bağırsaklar iyi çalışırsa ne olur?
- Kalın bağırsaklar nasıl çalışır?
- Kabızlığın sebepleri nelerdir?
- Kabızlık daha çok kimlerde görülür?
- Beslenme alışkanlığı çok önemli
- Ne zaman doktora başvurmalıyım?
- Tedavi
- Hamilelik ve kabızlık
- Akupunktur ve Kabızlık Tedavisi
Halk arasında kabızlığı peklik olarak nitelendirenler de var. İsmi ne olursa olsun büyük aptesini yeterli sıklıkta ve miktarda yapamama haline kabızlık deniliyor. Bilirsiniz böyle durumlarda karında şişkinlik ve ağrı duygusu oluşur. Ama tuvalete çıkamayınca bu durum ızdırap halini alır. Eğer kabızlık hiç beklenmedik bir anda olmuş ve uygun bir tedavi sonrası tamamen geçmişse sorun yoktur. Ama kronik halde sürekli kabızlık yaşanıyorsa bu hiç de hafife alınacak bir durum değildir. Tıbbi açıdan kabızlığı tanımlamak da aslında zor. Tıpta da Kabızlık bir hastalık ismi değil, vücudun semptom denilen bir şikayetidir. Dahiliye uzmanlarınca kabızlık, fonksiyonel şikayetler başlığı altında ele alınır.Sindirim sistemi rahatsızlıkları arasında en sık doktora başvuru nedenidir. Kadınlarda üç kat daha sık görülür.
Bazı insanlar her gün çıkamayınca kabız olduğunu düşünüyor. Halbuki bu yanlıştır. Bağırsak alışkanlıkları kişiden kişiye değişir; günde üç defadan haftada üç defaya kadar çıkmak normal kabul edilir. Ayrıca dışkılama sayısı tek başına kabızlık için yeterli değildir. Kabızlık; sert kıvamda, güçlükle dışkılamak olarak da algılanabilir. Kabızlığı tanımlamakta bu belirizlik nedeniyle bazı kriterler önerilmiştir. Buna göre kabızlık aşağıdaki durumlardan herhangi ikisinin, en az üç ay boyunca devam etmesi demektir.
- Sert kıvamda dışkı,
- Dışkılama sırasında ıkınmak,
- Dışkılama sonrası yeterince boşalmamışlık hissi,
- Haftada iki veya daha az dışkılamak
- Sert kıvamda, seyrek ve güç dışkılamak
- Kasık bölgelerinde ağrı, nedenini açıklayamadığı huzursuzluk ve sıkıntı
- Karında şişkinlik, gaz
- Dışkılama sırasında ağrı
- Bel ağrısı Kabızlık kişiyi gün boyu huzursuz edip, iş verimini düşürmeye kadar varabilir. Hele bu durum bir birbuçuk yıldan aşkın süre devam ederse o zaman kronik kabızlıktan söz edilmesi gerekir.
Bağırsaklar kadar kendini yenileyen bir organımız yok diyebiliriz. Bağırsaklarımızda hergün milyonlarca, milyarlarca hücrenin tamir ve onarımı söz konusudur. Bu tamir ve onarım durumu, bağırsağın kendi normal fizyolojik gelişiminde vardır. Ama kabızlık olduğunda bağırsağın bu kendi kendini yenilemesi, tamir ve onarımı mümkün olmuyor. Bağırsak dolu iken bu tamir onarım nasıl olsun? Bağırsak kendini yenileyemediği zaman hastalık riski artıyor. Polip dediğimiz vakalar oluşuyor. Ayrıca sürekli ıkınmaya bağlı olarak anal fissür (makatta çatlak) ve hemoroid (basur) oluşur. İnce ve kalın bağırsağın yapısı bozuluyor. Bağırsak kendi beslenmesini de yapamıyor. Sağlıklı kan alamıyor.
- Kabızlık özellikle kalp yetmezliği ve hipertansiyon gibi hastalıkları da olan yaşlı hastalarda nefes almayı zorlaştırır,
- Kandaki oksijen miktarının azalmasıyla, zihinsel fonksiyonlarda değişikliklere ve unutkanlığa neden olabilir,
- Kabızlık bebek ve çocuklarda daha sıklıkla karın ağrısı yapar,
- İştahsızlık ve beslenme problemlerine neden olur,
- Sindirim sisteminin dengesini bozar,
- Baş ağrısı ve uykusuzluk yapar,
- Sinir sistemini etkiler,
- Vücudu tepeden tırnağa kadar meşgul eder. Çünkü vücut tarafından dışarı atılması gereken bir maddedir ve atılamamıştır. O maddenin dışarı atılması için tüm vücut dikkati oraya toplar. Bunu başaramayınca da sistem zorlanmaya başlar.
Bağırsak çalışmadığı zaman enerji kanalları tıkanıyor. Bağırsaklarda gaz oluyor şişkinlik oluyor. Bağırsak gazlarını çıkartamıyor. Bu sefer tekrar kana emiliyor. Kana emildiği zaman o beyne gidiyor, beyin toksik maddelerle normal sağlıklı görevini yapamıyor. Karaciğere mesaj sağlıksız gidiyor, o enzimleri salgılayamıyor. gidemiyor, karaciğer görevini yapamıyor. Pankreasa mesaj gidemiyor o görevini yapamıyor. Böbreğe sağlıklı mesaj gidemiyor o görevini yapamıyor, otonom sistem olarak vücudun tümünü etkiliyor.
- Karaciğer iyi çalışır,
- Tansiyon riski az olur
- Kalp ritmi düzenli olur
- İdrar problemi daha az olur
- Gözler daha parlak olur
- Kulaklar daha iyi duyar.
- Elimizin hassasiyeti daha fazlalaşır.
- Öğrenci dersini daha iyi anlar daha iyi ders çalışır.
- İş verimliliğini artırır.
Bağırsağı iyi çalışan bir şahsın, aynı yaşta, aynı boyda, aynı kilodaki bir kişiye oranla sağlığı daha iyidir. Bu çok önemli artı bir değerdir.
Kabızlığın nasıl olduğunu anlamak için kalın barsağı (bazı yerlerde kalın bağırsak yerine kolon kullanılır.) nasıl çalıştığını anlamak lazım. Kalın barsağın iki görevi vardır:
- Su ve elektrolitlerin emilmesi
- Geri kalan artık maddenin yani dışkının atılıncaya kadar depolanması.
Bu iki görev için de yoğun hareket gerekmediğinden kalın bağırsak hareketleri normalde çok yavaştır. Kalın bağırsak hem su ve minerallerin emilmesinini sağlayan boğumların kasılması ile mikser hareketi yapar, hem de içeriğinin ilerlemesi için kısa itici kasılmaları ve büyük amplitüdlü kaba itici hareketler yapar. Bu kaba hareketler gün içinde sadece bir-üç kez olur, en çok kahvaltıdan sonraki ilk saatte yaklaşık 15 dakika kadar devam eder. Bu hareketlerle dışkı rektuma (kalın barsağın son kısmı) doğru itilir ve dışkılama hissini uyandırır. Kalın bağırsakta dışkıya ileri iten en kuvvetli hareket olan bu kaba hareketler gastrokolik ve duedonokolik reflekslerle harekete geçer (gastro:mide, kolon:kalın bağırsak, duedonum: oniki parmak barsağı). Yemek yedikten sonra kaba hareketlerin oluşması bu reflekslerle olur.Yemek sonrası mide ve duedonum (ince barsağın ilk kısmı)duvarları gerilerek, kalın bağırsak hareketlerini uyarır. Başka bir deyişle yiyecekler yukarıdan ben geliyorum, bana yer aç demektedir. Kaba hareketler kalın bağırsak duvarının irritasyonu (tahriş olması) ile de uyarılabilir. Ülseratif kolitte hemen hemen sürekli devam eden bağırsak hareketlerinin nedeni budur.
Dışkılama refleksi: Dışkı rektuma indiğinde rektum duvarlar gerilir ve dışkılama hissi meydana getirir. Buraya kadar olan olaylar istem dışıdır. Tuvalet eğitimini almış bir kişi, eğer dışkılama için uygun bir ortam yoksa istemli çalışan dış sfinkter kasını kasarak dışkılamayı engeller. Eğer dış sfinkteri kasmaya devam ederse, birkaç dakika sonra dışkılama reflekleri kaybolacaktır. Ortam uygun olduğunda ise dışkılama refleksleri kaybolsa bile derin bir nefes alarak diyaframı aşağı iterek ve karın kaslarını kasarak karın basıncını arttırabilir böylece dışkıyı kalın barsağn son bölmüne iterek yeni refleksleri uarabilir. Bu şekilde oluşan refleksler hiçbir zaman doğal olarak oluşan refleksler kadar güçlü değildir. Bu nedenle sürekli doğal reflekslerini baskılayan kişiler veya doğal bağırsak hareketlerinin yerini alcak müshil ilaçlarını sıklıkla kullanan kişiler ileride ciddi kabızlık çekerler.
Eğer bir kişi, hayatının erken dönemlerinde düzenli tuvalet alışkalnlığ kazanırsa, ki genelde kahvaltıdan sonra gastrokolik ve duedonokolik reflekslerin kalın bağırsakta kaba hareketleri uyardığı zamanda tuvalete giderse, hayatın ileri dönemlerinde gelişebilecek kabızlığı önlemiş olur.
Kabızlk daha önce de belirttiğimiz gibi bir hastalık değil belirtidir. Birçok hastalık, ilaç ya da bazı durumlar kabızığa sebep olur. Ama kabızlığın en sık nedeni düzensiz beslenme alışkanlıkları sonuc gelişen kabızlık ve çzüm olarak da kabızlık ilaçlarınn uygunsuz kullanılmasıdır. Aşağıda kabızlığın nedenlerinden bazıları sıralanmıştır:
- Diyette lifli beslerin yetersiz olması
- Günlük sıvı alımının yetersiz olması
- Sedanter yaşam, hareketsizlik
- Hareketsiz kalınan uzun seyahatler
- Dışkılama refleksinin sürekli baskılanması
- Hamilelik
- Yaşlanma
- İrritabl bağırsak sendromu (spastik kolon): Kabızlığın en sık nedenlerinden biridir. Altta yatan organik bir rahatsızlık olmamasına rağmen aralıklarla kabızlık ve ishalin görüldüğü, karın, ağrısı, şikinlik, gazın eşlik ettiği, stresle de artan bir hastalktır.
- Laksatiflerin (müshil ilaçlarının)kötüye kullanımı:Laksatiflerin uzun süre kullanılması bağırsak tembelliğine yol açar. Laksatifler zamanla bağırsakladaki sinirlere hasar vererek barsağın kendi doğal kasılmasını önler.
- Bazı ilaçlar: Antiasitler:Alüminyum hidroksit ve kalsiyum karbonat içerenler Antispazmotik ilaçlar Antidepresanlar Demir hapları Antikonvulzan ilaçlar(epilepiside nöbetleri önleyen ilaçlar) Bazı ağrı kesciler(özellikle kodein, morfin gibi opioid analjezikler)
- Bazı hastalıklar:
- Nörolojik hastalıklar: Bağırsağı hareket ettiren sinir uyarılarının oluşmasını veya iletimini engelleyerek bağırsak hareketlerini azaltır,kabızlığa neden olur.Örneğin:Hichprung hastalığı, Multiple skleroz, Parkinson hastalığ, İnme, omurilik yaralanmaları
- Metabolik ve Endokrin hastalıklar
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è sempre la stessa: peggiora, quindi migliora.
Il paziente ha una spersonalizzazione autopsichica e allopsichica pronunciata: l'orientamento intrapersonale, così come l'orientamento spazio-temporale, è completamente perso. Sembra che sia separato da tutti da un muro invisibile..
Lo stato emotivo cambia rapidamente in quello polare - il paziente si diverte, poi piange, anche il comportamento è instabile - l'attività viene rapidamente sostituita dall'apatia, che viene immediatamente interrotta da canti o monologhi. La maggior parte di loro sono monotoni e monotoni..
Lo stato emotivo si riflette nelle sue dichiarazioni, ma il contatto verbale con il paziente non è stabilito. Il paziente non può concentrarsi su nulla, spostando costantemente l'attenzione su oggetti diversi.
Il pensiero frammentato ei suoi frammenti non sono in alcun modo collegati tra loro.
L'eccitazione motoria è solitamente limitata al letto del paziente, che tocca costantemente qualcosa, si sposta, afferra i paramedici di passaggio per l'orlo della vestaglia, lancia oggetti. A volte i pazienti rotolano giù dal letto e strisciano o rotolano sul pavimento. I movimenti sono caotici e ridicoli. I pazienti sono aggressivi verso gli altri e verso se stessi, inclini all'autolesionismo.
La mancanza della capacità di pensare in modo coerente influisce sul fatto che anche le allucinazioni e le delusioni sono frammentate. I prodotti a tutti gli effetti non si sviluppano. Questo è giudicato dalle dichiarazioni e dai movimenti del paziente..
Gli elementi di confusione sono talvolta combinati con elementi di delirio che si verificano di notte.
Poiché il paziente perde l'appetito e rifiuta continuamente cibo e bevande, con un decorso prolungato del disturbo raggiunge un estremo grado di esaurimento, sia fisico che mentale..
Dopo il recupero, le persone non hanno memoria del disturbo (amnesia retrograda).
In base ai sintomi prevalenti, si distinguono forme catatoniche, allucinatorie e deliranti..
Complicazioni e conseguenze
Le forme lievi di amentia possono passare senza lasciare traccia e, nelle malattie gravi, il suo sviluppo parla di un decorso sfavorevole della patologia sottostante. A volte l'amenza si sviluppa nella fase terminale ed è fatale.
Anche i pazienti che sono guariti dopo una lunga malattia sono in uno stato estremamente emaciato, perdono quasi tutta la loro esperienza e abilità che avevano prima dell'inizio della malattia. Al livello attuale di terapia, l'amenza (senza un periodo di astenia successiva) dura non più di uno o due mesi
La memoria, le capacità cognitive soffrono. In alcuni pazienti, non guariscono affatto allo stesso livello. La disabilità può essere una conseguenza dell'amenza.
Diagnosi di amenza
Non esistono studi specifici, di laboratorio o strumentali, che possano confermare con precisione la diagnosi di sindrome amentiva. Tali studi possono essere necessari solo per determinare il grado di danno all'organismo causato dalla malattia sottostante. Diagnosticare il disturbo sulla base delle osservazioni del paziente.
I principali criteri diagnostici in questo caso sono l'incoerenza e la discrezione del linguaggio, le capacità motorie e altre funzioni mentali, la completa impotenza, così come l'aspetto del paziente, l'espressione confusa e sconcertata sul suo viso.
Diagnosi differenziale
Le manifestazioni di amenza possono essere confuse con altri disturbi legati alla confusione. Hanno molte caratteristiche comuni e in tutti i casi non è possibile un contatto produttivo con il paziente. È necessario distinguere tra queste sindromi per scegliere le tattiche di trattamento necessarie..
L'amenza catatonica è caratterizzata da instabilità e rapido cambiamento di postura, attacchi deliranti episodici notturni. Discorso frammentato, che riflette questa caratteristica dell'amenza.
Il delirio è caratterizzato da una mobilità pronunciata, dallo sviluppo di allucinazioni profuse a tutti gli effetti e dalla corrispondente interpretazione delirante di visioni inesistenti. Tuttavia, il paziente mantiene per lo più l'orientamento nella propria personalità..
Oneiroid (sogno ad occhi aperti, sogno a occhi aperti): in questo stato, viene preservata la capacità di pensieri e giudizi coerenti, corrispondenti allo spiegamento dello scenario oneiroid.
Il disturbo crepuscolare della coscienza è caratterizzato da un distacco improvviso ea breve termine dalla realtà circostante, nonché dalla conservazione delle azioni abituali eseguite automaticamente e parossistiche. Tali crisi possono essere equivalenti a crisi epilettiche e spesso si sviluppano in persone con epilessia o isteria..
Un importante criterio diagnostico è anche il decorso prolungato dell'amenza rispetto a tutte le altre varianti di coscienza annebbiata. Gli episodi di delirio, oneyroid e catatonia, di regola, non superano parecchi giorni, i disordini del crepuscolo di coscienza - le ore. Amenice dura settimane.
Amentia e demenza: entrambi questi concetti significano mancanza di mente, follia. Tuttavia, la demenza inizia gradualmente, una persona ha un costante declino delle sue capacità cognitive, una perdita di abilità già esistenti e conoscenze accumulate. Tale interruzione dell'attività mentale si verifica più spesso nella vecchiaia (demenza senile), meno spesso in giovane età, nelle persone che hanno abusato a lungo e regolarmente di alcol o droghe.
La confusione astenica è essenzialmente un'affezione molto lieve, la sua forma lieve, che è caratterizzata dall'effetto di confusione e mancanza di pensiero coerente, grave affaticamento. Gli episodi sono di breve durata e non profondi, più spesso rilevati durante l'infanzia. Negli adulti, può essere osservato con avvelenamento e perdita di sangue, altre cause di squilibrio nell'equilibrio idrico ed elettrolitico.
Chi contattare?
Trattamento dell'amenza
Lo sviluppo dell'amenza è considerato un segno prognostico sfavorevole e richiede un'azione urgente, un controllo medico costante. Il ricovero in ospedale del paziente è auspicabile. Il trattamento ambulatoriale è possibile solo con un decorso lieve della sindrome (confusione astenica).
Dato che il paziente è spesso in uno stato di impoverimento anche prima dell'inizio dell'amenza e durante il periodo di disturbo inizia a rifiutare cibo e acqua, deve essere alimentato forzatamente.
Il trattamento è mirato, prima di tutto, a stabilizzare lo stato della malattia somatica sottostante, nonché ad alleviare la sindrome da amenza con farmaci psicotropi.
I farmaci progettati per stabilizzare lo stato mentale sono selezionati tenendo conto della malattia somatica del paziente e dei sintomi prevalenti della sindrome.
L'aminazina è più comunemente usata per alleviare i sintomi dell'amenza. Il primo antipsicotico è ancora rilevante a causa del suo pronunciato effetto sedativo dose-dipendente. Sullo sfondo della sedazione, si verifica la soppressione dei riflessi condizionati: prima di tutto, quelli motori - offensivi e difensivi, in generale, l'attività motoria involontaria diminuisce mediante un effetto rilassante sui muscoli scheletrici. Il paziente smette di rispondere attivamente agli stimoli allucinogeni, un pericolo immaginario. Il farmaco riduce significativamente i sintomi produttivi: deliri, allucinazioni, riduce l'ansia e la tensione e alla fine elimina completamente queste manifestazioni.
Una qualità importante dell'aminazina è la sua capacità di bloccare i recettori dopaminergici e adrenergici nel cervello. Il farmaco riduce il rilascio di adrenalina, riduce e talvolta abbastanza rapidamente arresta completamente molti effetti causati dal suo eccesso, ad eccezione dell'iperglicemico.
Inoltre, l'aminazina ha effetti antiemetici, antipiretici, moderati antinfiammatori, angioprotettivi e antistaminici..
Il farmaco è indicato per pazienti con allucinazioni, deliri, catatonia, mania, con aumento dell'eccitazione motoria associata ad ansia e paura, aumento del tono muscolare. È efficace per il dolore intenso se combinato con antidolorifici. Per l'insonnia persistente, viene utilizzato contemporaneamente a tranquillanti e ipnotici. È indicato per i pazienti con neoplasie sottoposti a un ciclo di chemioterapia e radioterapia. Può essere usato per dermatosi accompagnate da prurito straziante.
Allo stesso tempo, come effetto collaterale, l'aminazina può causare orticaria ed edema di origine allergica, nonché sensibilizzazione ai raggi ultravioletti. Questo farmaco abbastanza spesso causa sindrome neurolettica o disturbo depressivo, tali effetti vengono interrotti riducendo la dose del farmaco e assumendolo in combinazione con anticolinergici. Ad esempio, può essere prescritto trihexyphenidyl cloridrato, che è in grado di prevenire o arrestare i disturbi extrapiramidali che si verificano durante l'assunzione di antipsicotici.
Durante la terapia con Aminazina, è necessario monitorare la conta ematica, gli indici epatici e renali. Questo farmaco non viene utilizzato per traumi cerebrali acuti, disfunzioni epatiche e renali, patologie dell'ematopoiesi, patologie cardiache organiche scompensate e ipotiroidismo, processi maligni che interessano il cervello e il midollo spinale e non è inoltre prescritto per i pazienti in coma.
L'aminazina viene prescritta come iniezioni intramuscolari tre volte al giorno, la dose iniziale è di 100-150 mg. Viene diluito in 2-5 ml di soluzione salina o novocaina (0,25-0,5%). La diluizione è necessaria per prevenire il verificarsi di infiltrati dolorosi. Si consiglia di iniettare nello strato muscolare profondo.
Per alleviare i sintomi acuti, il farmaco può essere somministrato per via endovenosa: 25 o 50 mg di Aminazina vengono sciolti in 10-20 ml di soluzione di destrosio (5%). Entra entro cinque minuti. Si tratta di dosaggi approssimativi, poiché il dosaggio viene effettuato individualmente a seconda dell'età e della malattia sottostante del paziente. A volte l'aminazina può essere controindicata.
Quindi, vengono prescritte iniezioni endovenose di una soluzione di tiosolfato di sodio al 30%, che a volte viene utilizzata in combinazione con Aminazin. Il farmaco ha un pronunciato effetto antitossico contro le tossine interne ed esterne, inoltre, ha la capacità di ridurre i sintomi di infiammazione e reazioni di sensibilizzazione.
Prescrivere 20 ml in combinazione con Aminazin, senza quest'ultimo - 30 ml contemporaneamente a 5 ml di solfato di magnesio (25%), che lenisce e ha un effetto ipnotico, inoltre, allevia gli spasmi e abbassa moderatamente la pressione sanguigna. In assenza di Aminazina, insieme alla somministrazione di magnesio e solfato di sodio, Omnopon (2%) viene prescritto come analgesico, 1 ml per via sottocutanea.
A volte a questi pazienti viene prescritto diazepam per via endovenosa o intramuscolare, un potente ansiolitico benzodiazepinico che ha la capacità di fermare le convulsioni, rilassare i muscoli e fornire un effetto ipnotico. L'azione di questo farmaco si basa sulla sua capacità di potenziare la funzione di inibizione centrale, fornita dall'acido γ-aminobutirrico, riducendo così eccitazione, tensione nervosa, sensazione di ansia e paura, pensieri ossessivi di contenuto ipocondriaco, depressione o stato isterico. Deliri e allucinazioni non vengono eliminati con questo farmaco. Pertanto, non è prescritto per i pazienti con tali sintomi principali..
Inoltre, il Diazepam ha un effetto rilassante sui muscoli (allevia i crampi), aumenta la soglia del dolore, ha un effetto antistaminico e riduce la pressione sanguigna. Gli effetti del farmaco dipendono dalla dose assunta: l'assunzione a basse dosi (fino a 15 mg al giorno) fornisce la stimolazione del sistema nervoso centrale, alte dosi - lenisce. Il diazepam è incompatibile con l'alcol e altre benzodiazepine. Prendendo questo farmaco, non è necessario abbassare la temperatura elevata con il paracetamolo, poiché in questa combinazione l'eliminazione del Diazepam è rallentata e la probabilità di un sovradosaggio è alta. Se assunti contemporaneamente ad analgesici e antispastici, questi effetti sono potenziati, il che può portare all'arresto respiratorio. Un lungo corso del farmaco richiede una sospensione graduale; la sospensione improvvisa del farmaco può causare depersonalizzazione. Sono possibili effetti collaterali paradossali. La dose singola media è di 20-30 mg.
Ai pazienti con ansia grave e senza una componente allucinatoria-delirante può essere prescritta una terapia con un'altra benzodiazepina - il fenazepam, che elimina bene l'ansia e il dolore mentale. Quando si assume questo farmaco, i sintomi di solito scompaiono in questa sequenza: lo stress mentale interno e l'ansia scompaiono, quindi i sintomi della depersonalizzazione somatopsichica scompaiono e successivamente i segni autopsichici. Il fenazepam, come altri farmaci del suo gruppo, agisce sui recettori delle benzodiazepine, riduce la probabilità di convulsioni, fornisce un sonno veloce e un buon riposo notturno. Migliora gli effetti di altri sedativi e anticonvulsivanti. L'uso a breve termine del farmaco praticamente non porta a una sindrome da astinenza quando il farmaco viene interrotto. È prescritto 5-8 mg per via orale al giorno..
Ai pazienti con lesioni organiche del sistema nervoso centrale vengono prescritti nootropi, che sono molto efficaci nell'eliminare l'annebbiamento della coscienza. L'infusione a goccia più efficace di Piracetam. Il farmaco agisce direttamente sul cervello, migliorando il metabolismo neuronale normalizzando la conduzione sinaptica, bilanciando i processi di eccitazione e inibizione, normalizzando le proprietà reologiche del sangue (fornendo effetti antiaggreganti ed eritropoietici), migliorando così la sua circolazione nei vasi cerebrali. Grazie a queste proprietà, durante l'assunzione del farmaco, viene ripristinata la capacità di attività intellettuale. Il paziente inizia a ricordare, imparare, apprendere, acquisire abilità perse. Piracetam non espande il lume dei vasi sanguigni, li protegge dagli effetti dell'intossicazione e della carenza di ossigeno. I pazienti con funzionalità renale compromessa richiedono un aggiustamento della dose. Come effetti collaterali può aumentare il nervosismo, possono comparire ipercinesia, umore depresso, sonnolenza, astenia e altri effetti paradossali, nonché reazioni allergiche di varia natura e un aumento del peso corporeo, che nel nostro caso è addirittura buono. Il farmaco viene prescritto a 6-8 g al giorno e per i pazienti gravi la dose può essere aumentata di 2-2,5 volte.
Prevenzione
L'amenza si sviluppa raramente ed è una compagna di gravi malattie. Non sono previste misure preventive speciali per prevenire lo sviluppo di questa sindrome di confusione, tuttavia, il mantenimento di uno stile di vita sano, l'individuazione tempestiva e il trattamento delle malattie possono aumentare la probabilità che sia possibile evitare condizioni di grave intossicazione che causano confusione.
Previsione
L'amenza è un segno sfavorevole dello sviluppo della malattia sottostante, tuttavia, con i moderni metodi di trattamento del paziente, nella maggior parte dei casi è possibile ritirarsi da questo stato.
La prognosi dipende completamente dalla malattia, contro la quale è sorta la sindrome.
Amentia
L'amenza è una variazione dell'annebbiamento della coscienza, caratterizzata dalla predominanza di confusione, movimenti caotici, mancanza di coerenza nelle operazioni del linguaggio e nei processi di pensiero. Con un'assenza si perde la capacità di riconoscere un luogo, si verifica un fallimento nell'orientamento spazio-temporale e un disturbo dell'orientamento nella personalità. Spesso è una complicazione che aggrava il decorso della patologia sottostante, alcolismo, lesioni traumatiche, disturbi endocrini, processi infettivi e alcune disfunzioni somatiche. La sindrome emotiva si verifica spesso a causa di alcuni disturbi mentali.
Amentia - che cos'è?
Possiamo parlare della violazione descritta se il discorso dell'individuo è disturbato, non c'è coerenza, l'attività mentale è sconvolta.
L'amenza è una sindrome di grave confusione in psichiatria, manifestata da una violazione di tutti i tipi di orientamento, un disturbo dell'autoidentificazione personale, disfunzioni motorie, incoerenza della parola e attività mentale. La caratteristica più importante della sindrome in esame è l'incapacità di trarre conclusioni e la perdita di connessioni associative. Il discorso del paziente è privo di significato e monotono, non contiene colorazioni emotive e modifiche intonazionali. Un discorso di canto abbastanza forte spesso sostituisce il sussurro monotono. Inoltre, il discorso dei pazienti è caratterizzato da incoerenza, riproduzione di singole parole.
Amentia - che cos'è? Il termine analizzato nella scienza psichiatrica è sorto nel XIX secolo grazie alla ricerca del neuropatologo-psichiatra T. Meinert, che ha individuato uno stato specifico di coscienza offuscata in una sindrome separata. Ha descritto la sindrome mentale come una confusione e un'incoerenza dei processi di pensiero. Inoltre, ha trovato una relazione tra il disturbo in esame e l'attivazione motoria, la comparsa di rappresentazioni allucinatorie e stati deliranti e la perdita di orientamento..
La psichiatria moderna ha reso più chiari i confini di questo stato, il che
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. Se invece è l’individuo ad essere sacro, sono sacre tutte le sue scelte, qualunque esse siano, fin quando non aggressive verso terzi.
La sacralità della vita consiste nel rispetto più profondo dell’altrui libertà, nel lasciare l’altro libero. Il massimo dono che si fa a qualcuno quando lo si ama è lasciarlo andare. Il rispetto dell’individuo, il riconoscimento della sua dignità, passa per il riconoscimento delle sue libere scelte.
La libertà è dunque un’istanza morale, che non v’è atto morale senza libera scelta. Che trova però, nello stesso tempo, riscontro anche nella logica e nella sua utilità sociale. E’ sinonimo di non violenza e contrario di schiavitù.
Mentre il comandare, il trattenere, sono sintomi di possesso, di incapacità di vedere oltre. Questo lasciar andare gli altri in fondo è anche lasciar andare sé stessi da un’eccessività rigidità del proprio giudice interiore. L’anelito alla libertà come aspirazione spirituale ad andare oltre, abbandonando quell’impulso al controllo delle cose e delle persone (epifenomeno di una concezione prettamente materialistica) è anche la chiave di un’esistenza basata su un innalzamento del sé; un riflesso del divino che c’è nell’essere umano. Sono le bestie, non gli uomini, che devono essere governate: «che io debba essere governato: ecco dove inizia lo scandalo della politica». (Sgalambro 1994, p. 9). E’ la visione religiosa della libertà che «accresce e nobilita di continuo la vita e le conferisce il suo unico e intero significato». (Croce 1944, p. 332).
Infatti avviene sovente che da una parte si cerca, di assorbire la diversità attraverso l’assimilazione. Certamente tale approccio contiene un tentativo nascosto, da ambo le parti, di contaminazione a proprio vantaggio; il che è tutto sommato accettabile, facendo ciò parte della fisiologia delle dinamiche relazionali. Ma il problema di fondo è che le regole base della relazione vengono poste di nascosto, facendo finta di non farlo. E soprattutto sta il fatto che il processo acquisitivo insito nella fusione culturale non è spontaneo e lasciato alla libera interazione ed alle libere scelte individuali.
E’ invece il grado di spontaneità nella libera interazione culturale che differenzia la contaminazione dalla colonizzazione.
Quando la scelta dei costumi da adottare è lasciata alle libertà individuali abbiamo un processo hayekiano di ordine spontaneo. L’evoluzione collettiva, guidata da preferenze soggettive, beneficia della conoscenza diffusa. Le fonti di informazione (le scelte compiute da ogni soggetto del sistema sociale) sono molteplici, e l’informazione diviene ascensionale (funziona bottom-up). Saranno così premiati i costumi che la maggioranza delle persone sceglierà. Questa è la vera società pluralista: funziona come somma delle individualità, non è comandata istituzionalmente.
Maggiormente invece il processo integrativo, il fine superiore trascendente, è di derivazione ideologica e natura (più o meno) autoritaria (che sia visibile o camuffato: quest’ultima modalità è propria delle civiltà più avanzate nel processo di elaborazione del processo di integrazione che sfruttano a fondo il c.d. soft power), maggiori saranno le frizioni all’inevitabile redde rationem. Ed avendo l’autorità apparentemente rimosso il suo essere tale, più grandi saranno i paradossi derivanti dalla negazione dell’esistenza di principio fondamentale alla base della coesistenza. Abbiamo già assistito varie volte all’invocazione della libertà per manifestarvi contro.
E quando ad un certo punto avverrà che l’autorità costituita, dopo aver discorso di libertà e pluralismo, mostrerà inflessibilità negoziale, molti resteranno stupiti. Invece la grundnorm della convivenza dovrà essere chiarita subito, perché la costruzione dell’identità comune necessita forzatamente del suo centro di gravità permanente. Dopo aver negato l’esistenza di primazie in favore dell’assimilazione, ad un certo punto il potere dimostrerà che quel che afferma non è vero. Dato che il primo fine del potere è conservare sé stesso, e non potrebbe essere altrimenti, innanzitutto non saranno tollerate mitologie e racconti che lo mettono in discussione. E sarà costretto ad imporre delle regole primarie di convivenza, a quel punto inaspettatamente; in modo incoerente, quasi a tradimento. I principi declamati non saranno rispettati, e ci sarà chi si sentirà tradito.
Questa opera di colonialismo culturale, una moderna forma di cannibalismo, viene spacciata per quel che non è; richiamandosi a principi diversi da quelli che realmente sottostanno al comportamento effettivo dell’autorità. Principi che, pur declamanti, poi non vengono rispettati, salvo ad essere invocati nel caso dovessero tornare nuovamente utili. Il cannibalismo è una pratica antropologica, un’estensione del carattere prevaricatore ed appropriativo tramite mimesi. Quest’ultima è anche modalità di apprendimento, in virtù dell’ambivalenza dell’umano agire. Barcellona (1984, p. 175) disse che tale ambivalenza «produce una tensione tra volontà di distruzione e volontà di conservazione della vita ». In particolare per Girard (1980, p. 32) la conflittualità è dovuta alla «convergenza verso un solo ed identico oggetto di due o più mani egualmente avide». Il conflitto mimetico sviluppa una violenza reciproca che dà vita al circolo vizioso della vendetta. “Siamo stati, siamo e saremo cannibali” affermò Pierre Antoine Bernheim (1993) spiegando, nel suo libro Cannibales scritto in collaborazione con Stravides, che il cannibalismo è un fenomeno complesso, che trova svariate fonti e cause: dalla vendetta, al bisogno nutritivo, all’amore ed alla devozione verso gli antenati, alla religione ed all’appropriazione delle qualità del nemico.
D’altra parte il cannibalismo culturale trova un suo lontano analista nientedimeno che in Montaigne (1580) il quale apre uno dei capitoli dei sui Saggi, quello intitolato Dei cannibali, nel modo seguente: «Sembra infatti che noi non abbiamo altro punto di riferimento per la verità e la ragione che l’esempio e l’idea delle opinioni e degli usi del paese in cui siamo. Ivi è sempre la perfetta religione, il perfetto governo, l’uso perfetto e compiuto di ogni cosa».
Ed ancora: «Possiamo dunque ben chiamarli barbari, se li giudichiamo secondo le regole della ragione, ma non confrontandoli con noi stessi, che li superiamo in ogni sorta di barbarie».
L’esistenza di questa oscillazione tra cannibalismo culturale e riconoscimento dell’altro è stata evidenziata, attraverso la differente tensione presente nell’opera di Omero ed in quella di Erodoto, sin nell’antichità greca da Cantarella (2014, p. 82) la quale ha scritto:
«Omero impiega miti e leggende, magia e fiabe per costruire una grande metafora del ritorno dell’eroe alla civiltà. Ciò cui si riferisce Omero quando descrive mondi inesistenti è la realtà capovolta della terra in cui vive, l’opposizione tra grecità e barbarie. Erodoto, invece, utilizza il mondo reale, i luoghi e i regni che lo costituiscono per conferire fascino e originalità a culture molto diverse dalla sua. O meglio, dalle sue, parte greca e parte persiana. (…). Erano dei racconti grazie ai quali voleva far capire quanto il mondo era grande, vario e affascinante. Quanto si estendesse al di fuori dalle piazze ateniesi, nelle quali egli li intratteneva raccontando le sue storie».
Cionondimeno tra capacità di relazione e distruzione, tra eros e thanatos, l’evoluzione del cannibalismo da materiale a simbolico ha condotto l’uomo a riflettere su sé stesso: «A quelli che sostengono che l’Eucaristia ha le proprie radici nel cannibalismo arcaico dobbiamo dire “sì!” invece che “no!”. La vera storia dell’uomo è storia religiosa, che muove i suoi passi dal cannibalismo primitivo. Il cannibalismo primitivo è religione, e l’Eucaristia riassume questa storia dalla A alla Z» (Girard, 2003, p. 171).
Dunque la capacità di mentalizzare e trascendere sé stessa, questa possibilità, questa libertà, permette all’umanità di migliorare.
Con questa consapevolezza dovremmo approcciare la problematica del confronto tra culture, sapendo che anche prescindendo dalla modalità con cui si presenta il tentativo risoluzione del conflitto, che si parta dalla diversità per arrivare al confronto, o che si parta dall’identità per arrivare a differenziarsi (per usare una semplificazione, sia che si parta da destra e si arrivi a sinistra, sia che si segua il percorso inverso), ebbene in ogni caso sempre al centro si deve giungere. Per quanto si possa mediare o rimandare, quando si entra in contatto tra diversi o ci si tiene a distanza e ci si rispetta reciprocamente. O, se ci si amalgama nella società unica, è inevitabile affrontare il nucleo duro valoriale. Subito, chiaramente. Senza mentire. Se non si vuole evitare la dissoluzione della società e l’esplosione del conflitto è giocoforza trovare ed imporre la condivisione del suo valore fondante. Altrimenti è impossibile la coesistenza. Finché questo non avviene ci saranno vittime innocenti. Per cui è necessario fissare le regole da subito ed in modo leale e chiaro. In modo tale da essere il meno cannibali possibile, ma sapendo che un poco lo si è per natura. E per farlo bisogna avere una luce che illumini il percorso, un principio guida. Se la società aperta sarà capace di mantenersi coerente con il suo stesso racconto, è proprio così che beneficerà delle ricchezza della diversità e della crescita reciproca.
Si dovranno avere idee molto chiare e ci si dovrà presentare onestamente, ponendo subito i confini non oltrepassabili tra diversità lecite (individuali e di gruppo) ed i valori da condividere obbligatoriamente nell’ambito del consesso sociale.
Per fare ciò sarà auspicabile che il divino, che come tale è sacro, venga epurato di ogni ridondanza, di ogni sovrastruttura, di ogni epifenomeno, di ogni aspetto precettivo sociale. Per venire identificato col solo trascendente, e con il mistero connesso. Quanto meno, tale valore precettivo dovrà essere limitato all’adesione volontaria da parte dei fedeli, abbandonandosi il tentativo, che è un tentativo violento e totalizzante, di imporlo a tutti.
Invece nella società globalizzata non appare esserci questa condivisione del minimo comun denominatore da tutti accettato come base della convivenza. O meglio, non è che questa condivisone manchi del tutto, poiché tutti, o quasi, affermano il ripudio della violenza. Ma è una declamazione che non trova rispondenza nella realtà. E’ una posizione affermata ma poi sfumata, incerta, friabile. Emerge pienamente solo in determinate occasioni. E tale emersione è appunto occasionale, di fronte alle barbarie che scuotono emotivamente l’umanità. Tuttavia il giorno dopo questa unità invariabilmente scompare. Manca un chiaro criterio che permette il funzionamento del principio, pur da tutti auspicato, di non violenza.
Quando si vive in un mondo dove non esiste un criterio guida certo, riconosciuto e definito per riconoscere legittimità morale ad una condotta od ad un progetto culturale, il conflitto diviene permanente: ciascuno, al di là delle manifestate intenzioni, è si in parte disposto ad accettare l’alterità, ma al contempo vuole imporre il proprio differente noyeau dur. Più o meno grande che sia.
Il processo in corso, volontariamente o no che sia, lungi dal cercare un minimo comun denominatore, una mitologia condivisa, va esattamente nella direzione opposta: la rimozione della funzione del mito ed il suo travestimento.
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La non aggressione come condotta primaria dell’esistenza e regola della coesistenza. Definizione del principio di non aggressione ed il suo necessario atteggiarsi a livello individuale. L’identificazione dell’aggressore
Affinché si trovi un equilibrio sociale in una società pluralista occorre dunque identificare ed imporre un principio comune non negoziabile, e l’imposizione deve essere la meno impositiva possibile. Più si pretende di imporre, più la reciproca tolleranza è a rischio. Una volta trovato il denominatore minimo non si può né deve ammettere che non venga rispettato. In quanto espressione di non equanimità, ciò darebbe il via ad una serie infinta di rivendicazioni di parte.
Ciò è quel che avviene nella realtà, dove si agitano confuse pretese in una continua lotta “tutti contro tutti”.
Ricordiamo la pericope dell’adultera nel vangelo di Giovanni: quello è innanzitutto un conflitto tra leggi. Da una parte gli scribi ed i farisei, che personificano l’autorità costituita e vogliono ribadire il loro ruolo di interpreti ed esecutori della legge sacra di Mosé. Sfidando Gesù sul punto, il rivoluzionario che vedono come pericolo per la loro autorità, gli domandano se anch’egli ne ritiene giusta la lapidazione in applicazione della legge sacra. Vecchio testamento e nuovo al cospetto; e la donna (adultera) nel mezzo. “Chi di voi non ha peccato scagli la prima pietra” è la risposta di Gesù. Una risposta di perdono ed al contempo di responsabilizzazione dell’autorità. Gesù non prende il potere di petto, dicendo che la legge è ingiusta e va modificata. Non dice “non va applicata la legge”, ma dice “applicate la legge, se in coscienza ve la sentite; ma siete certi che poi non andrebbe applicata anche nei vostri confronti?”, invitando ad un esame di coscienza ed alla responsabilità. Mentre però in quel caso scribi e farisei mostrano una coscienza residua ed abbandonano uno ad uno il luogo, non è quel che quotidianamente accade nella vita sociale contemporanea nella quale ognuno si sente legittimato ad accusare, inquisire, condannare in nome dei principi più variopinti, vaghi, estemporanei. Che spaziano dal fantomatico pubblico interesse che si piega ad ogni esigenza, alle più disparate richieste estremizzate derivanti da religioni trascendenti, da religioni civili (altrettanto e talora maggiormente sacrali), da nuove istanze etiche sociali come ad esempio l’animalismo integralista.
Come se, una volta scagliata la prima pietra, e tutti sapendo nel profondo che chi ha scagliato non poteva che essere anch’egli un peccatore, sia iniziato un lancio di pietre reciproco collettivo.
«Il mondo moderno è pieno di antiche virtù cristiane impazzite» diceva Chesterton (1908). Ed ognuno che viene colpito da una pietra si reclama vittima innocente avendo – anche magari solo istintivamente – appreso il funzionamento dei meccanismi della violenza mimetica e del capro espiatorio spiegati da René Girard.
Questo avviene perché «al padre che ormai è soltanto un rivale opprimente, il figlio chiede il testo della legge, ottenendo, in risposta, solo farfugliamenti» (Girard 1972, p. 260-261).
Questa ben nota decadenza, per alcuni aspetti benefica, del principio dell’autorità, manifestatosi per secoli in modo oscurantista ed oppressivo, lascia scoperti se non ci si riporta continuativamente all’autorità della libertà. San Paolo sottolinea proprio questo nella lettera ai Galati: «Cristo ci ha liberati perché restassimo liberi; state dunque saldi e non lasciatevi imporre di nuovo il giogo della schiavitù» (Gal 5,1).
L’assenza di schiavitù, ovvero la libertà, dovrebbe allora essere il principio di autorità del mondo contemporaneo. Solo in presenza di un obbiettivo minimo comune, il rispetto reciproco, sarà facile garantirne un effettivo raggiungimento. Al contrario se le regole imposte sono troppe sarà inevitabile la pratica impossibilità di garantirle.
L’identificazione del minimo comun denominatore sociale è dunque da un lato indispensabile, a meno che non si voglia vivere in una società disgregata, ipotesi non auspicabile. Ma d’altra parte l’obbiettivo minimo è un obbiettivo massimo, non potendosi (ed a mio avviso anche ciò non sarebbe auspicabile) realisticamente pretendere di più che la pacifica coesistenza, basata sul rispetto di ogni individuo.
Una società a rischio di disgregazione è quella in cui prevale il multiculturalismo, che, nella terminologia qui utilizzata, è cosa ben diversa dal pluralismo culturale. Laddove, cioè, sono ammessi accentuati comunitarismi. Il comunitarismo, nella sua essenza più stretta, nega la possibilità di terreni comuni. I diversi gruppi sociali vivono vite separate. Questa assenza di comunicazione però non significa che non emergano punti di frizione, per la semplice ragione che le persone nel corso delle loro vite vengono in contatto tra loro. E se non hanno sviluppato un linguaggio comune, nel senso lato del termine, ed una capacità comunicativa, non comprenderanno reciprocamente le loro differenze ed entreranno inevitabilmente in conflitto.
Un esempio di accentuato comunitarismo è quello all’origine delle direttive della law society (l’organo rappresentativo dei solicitors, una specie dell’ordine degli avvocati) di Londra sulla redazione di disposizioni testamentarie secondo la shari’a nell’ambito dell’assistenza data a cittadini e residenti di fede musulmana. (Magni 2014).
Paradossalmente la notizia è tratta da un sito di forte ascendenza culturale cattolica, che da una parte effettua nel caso specifico una forte condanna morale delle usanze sacre altrui, ma vuole poi imporre le proprie. Attenzione, non che non si possa avere e sostenere un’opinione, che non si possa ritenere di avvicinarsi ad una verità (ma non di possederla interamente, in omaggio al principio dell’imperfezione umana ed a quello del dubbio che deve sempre improntare i cuori sinceri
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Thickened ligaments. If the cables that adhere the limbs collectively see inflexible and thicker, possible bump in your vertebral channel.
People were created with spine stenosis or problems conducive to it. For the kids, the disorder normally actually starts to cause problems within the centuries of 30 and 50.
Dangers for spine stenosis vary as we age. For instance:
- Abrasion damage to the spine in older adults over 50.
- Trauma, scoliosis, or hereditary diseases in younger adults.
Spine Stenosis Investigation and Exams
Your physician will make inquiries concerning your health background. From then on, some may get at least one of soon after examinations to comprehend whether there is the circumstances:
- Medical record overview. The doctor will inquire about your quality of life record and risk issues.
- X-rays. These can program just how the shape of your very own spinal vertebrae has changed.
- Magnet resonance imaging(MRI). By using wireless surf, an MRI produces a 3-D graphics of spine. It will program cancers, cancers, or even problems for discs and tendons.
- Advanced tomography (CT skim). A CT search makes use of X-rays generate a 3-D image. By means of a color injected into the looks, it can reveal injury to gentle tissue together with complications with their your bones.Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanı Cyril Ramaphosa, ulusal medya kuruluşu SABC’ye verdiği demeçte, 6 Ocak’ta ABD Başkanı Donald Trump’ın destekçilerinin Kongre binasını işgal etmesini değerlendirdi.
Kongre’nin basılmasını “şok edici” bir gelişme olarak niteleyen Ramaphosa şunları söyledi:
Yaşanan olayların ABD demokrasisini temellerinden sarstığını ifade eden Ramaphosa, ABD’nin bu süreci usullere ve anayasaya uygun şekilde yürütmesi gerektiğini kaydetti.
Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti’nde 1948-1994 yılları arasında apartheid (ırk ayrımı) sistemi uygulanmıştı.
1994 yılında gerçekleştirilen ilk demokratik seçimde Nelson Mandela, ülkenin ilk siyahi cumhurbaşkanı seçilmiş ve ülkede demokratikleşme sürecini başlatmıştı.
Haber Fora, AAWhether it is a conventional or digital presentation, knowing the audience and being on point are the most important factors, regardless of the medium used to transmit the words and ideas.
The most significant example of this was the Gettysburg Address delivered on November 19, 1863. Abraham Lincoln was invited as the second speaker at the dedication of the new national cemetery. Edward Everett, the TED Talker of the mid-19th century, was the featured attraction. Everett spoke for nearly two hours, beginning his presentation with ramblings about how dead soldiers were buried in ancient Greece. His speech was more than 13,600 words. Lincoln’s speech was less than one-50th of that length and required just a couple of minutes to deliver.
Everett sent Lincoln a note remarking “I should be glad if I could flatter myself that I came as near to the central idea of the occasion, in two hours, as you did in two minutes.” Lincoln replied that he was happy to hear that the speech was not a total failure.
But the Gettysburg address wasn’t intended for the attendees at the dedication. It was intended for the American people. That the entire address was painstakingly chiseled into a marble monument in Washington and cast on a bronze plaque at Gettysburg – both decades after it had been delivered — suggests it was on point.
There are also instances where cutting-edge technology can be used to deliver an on-point speech. Winston Churchill’s “We Shall Fight On The Beaches” speech of June 4, 1940 was delivered to Parliament but also broadcast to the British people on radio. Churchill had been Prime Minister less than a month, and the potential debacle to British forces on the beaches of Dunkirk, France was just winding down. Churchill had to warn his people of a pending German invasion. Instead, he steeled them to survive the brutal battle for air supremacy over Britain that would begin the following month. Less than five months later, the Nazis gave up on their plans to invade the United Kingdom.
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“Edward Everett, Gettysburg Address.” Voices of Democracy. <http://voicesofdemocracy.umd.edu/everett-gettysburg-address-speech-text/> Accessed 27 August 2017.
“ Letter to Edward Everett.” Abraham Lincoln Online. <http://www.abrahamlincolnonline.org/lincoln/speeches/everett.htm>. Accessed 27 August 2017.
“Fight on The Beaches.” The BBC. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/topics/fight_on_the_beaches>. Accessed 28 August 2017.Qualche produttore per personalizzare lo shampoo per bambini?
Tra gli innumerevoli produttori di shampoo per bambini, ti consigliamo di scegliere un marchio che non sia solo competente nella produzione, ma anche esperto nel soddisfare le tue reali esigenze di personalizzazione. Il flusso di servizio di personalizzazione dettagliato e qualificato occupa una posizione significativa nella produzione complessiva. Dalla comunicazione alla consegna dei prodotti, l'intero servizio di personalizzazione dovrebbe essere eccezionalmente efficiente e perfetto. NOX BELLCOW Cosmetics Co., Ltd è altamente raccomandato. Specializzata da anni nella personalizzazione del prodotto, questa azienda è sicura di fornirti i prodotti personalizzati più eccellenti che influenzeranno l'immagine del tuo marchio.
NOX BELLCOW è un grande fornitore di prodotti per la cura della pelle. La serie di prodotti per la cura della pelle ha molti stili per soddisfare le diverse esigenze dei clienti. I nostri prodotti per la gravidanza hanno molti usi ed è ampiamente utilizzato dove posso acquistare prodotti per la gravidanza. Per le salviettine umidificate NBC vengono utilizzati materiali delicati sulla pelle. NOX BELLCOW è ben nota come un'azienda affidabile che fornisce un servizio professionale. I prodotti per la pelle NBC aiutano a mantenere la stabilità ecologica della pelle.
Siamo specializzati nella tecnologia di produzione all'avanguardia per il pre-trucco e creeremo il miglior valore per i nostri clienti. Si prega di contattare.From time to time, Education World updates and reposts a previously published article that we think might be of interest to administrators. We hope you find this recently updated article to be of value.
Imagine other educators' observing you through two-way mirrors and listening to everything you say to your students. Lisa Ahlstrom and Maria Nichols teach in the San Diego (California) Unified School District. They recently spoke with Education World about "starring" in their own daily "shows"; their classrooms have two-way mirrors, video cameras, and microphones. Their students benefit while the two help other educators in their professional development. Included: Things you should know or do before using a two-way mirrored classroom for professional development.
Lisa Ahlstrom knows what performing in a fishbowl is like. An audience of educators watches her every move from behind large two-way mirrors as she teaches her kindergarten class at Fulton Elementary School, a schools in the San Diego (California) Unified School District. Small microphones hanging from the ceiling and video cameras record every sound and action in the classroom. Educators watch Ahlstrom's classes to learn from a master teacher as part of their professional development. This new approach is a far cry from dry professional workshops that often fail to capture and communicate the excitement of superior teaching.
"Honestly, you cannot ignore the fact that there are teachers watching," Ahlstrom, who is in her tenth year of teaching, tells Education World in discussing her role modeling for other educators. "On the other hand, my first responsibility is to the children in my classroom, not the observers.
"Being in the demonstration classroom has taught me a great deal about myself as a teacher," Ahlstrom continues. "I must plan effectively, execute those plans carefully, and then be able to debrief the lessons clearly and honestly with the visiting teachers. This forces me to stop and be truly reflective about my own teaching."WHAT MIRRORS DO
The mirrors give visiting teachers an "eye" into the classroom. Teachers can observe the classroom environment, the latest teaching methodology, and student interactions with the teacher. The program is part of the district's wider plan to improve instruction as well as student learning.
"The students are unaware that teachers are viewing on the other side of the mirrors," Ahlstrom says. "The mirror allows teachers to see in without creating a distraction or disturbing the students' routine."
"The mirrors combined with video and sound equipment allow teachers to view and then later review on videotape and dissect what they've seen," Jennifer White, a program manager of literacy in the district, tells Education World. "After observing the live class, the teachers can look at part of the video, observe a specific element of a reading workshop conference, and see how the teacher helped the student become a stronger reader."COMPARABLE FACILITY
Maria Nichols teaches a mixed first- and second-grade class with two-way mirrors and sound and video equipment similar to those at Fulton Elementary at Zamorano Fine Arts Academy, a K-6 magnet school in the Paradise Hills area of San Diego.
"I wouldn't go so far as to say I forget the observers are there, but I am very comfortable with it," Nichols tells Education World. "Most likely, that's a result of many years of having in-classroom observation of teaching and learning before we built the training facility. I don't make an issue of the mirrors, so the children focus on their learning, and observers can see them engaged as they would be without observers."
Nichols says the two-way mirrors accomplish "unobtrusive, authentic observation of teaching and learning." She teaches 11 second graders and eight first graders. Their reading levels on the Developmental Reading Assessment range from 3 to 38, or emergent to fluent. Many ethnic backgrounds are represented in the class, with three students classified as English language learners and many others who speak another language at home. All but two students exceed grade level in reading, writing, and mathematics.HOW TO DO IT
In addition to the two-way mirror classrooms at Fulton and Zamorano Elementary Schools, the San Diego Unified School District has another such facility under construction for ninth- and tenth-grade English classes at Mission Bay High School at a cost of $1.1 million. The Zamorano facility cost $700,000 and the Fulton lab classroom $80,000. The Fulton lab classroom was so much less expensive because it was created in an existing structure.
Before launching a construction project for a two-way mirror classroom, Jennifer White advises, a school district needs to make sure it has "strong thinking about its course of study. What do you want teachers to learn from the facility?"
Once a district decides to go ahead with a two-way mirror set-up in a classroom, White offers the following tips for success:
Lisa Ahlstrom and Maria Nichols agree that the difficulties of their positions are minimal. However, they do feel minor hardships at times.
"The pressure to always be 'demo-quality' on a daily basis is tough. But it keeps me at the top of my game and has pushed me tremendously," says Nichols.
"Obviously, this is a real classroom, and some days are better than others," Ahlstrom says. "As a teacher, I am putting myself out there, and I am doing the same to my students. Not everyone remembers that even demonstration teachers and students are subject to rainy days and the phases of the moon."“从我还是个小女孩的时候起，我就想收养孩子。一想到孩子们没有被爱，即使是在孩提时代，也会失眠。结婚12年，生了三个孩子后，我又开始考虑收养孩子。我把我的祈祷记在日记里，一天早上我写道，‘上帝，我应该从海外收养孩子，还是应该在我的家乡让人收养?”
就在那个星期，当我准备睡觉的时候，我接到了警察局打来的电话。电话另一端的那位女士告诉我，我的“教子”需要一个家，已经接受了照顾贴现．我记得我问，‘谁是我的教子?”It turns out they were from a lady who, 7 months prior, had attended our church where my husband was the pastor.
30分钟后，我的门口出现了三张小脸。除了背上的东西，他们没有衣服，没有牙刷，没有毯子，也没有最喜欢的枕头。我记得看着他们惊恐的小脸:三个男孩，一个6岁，一个8岁，一个10岁。第二天，三个孩子中的两个可以去和生父住在一起了，但我有一个6岁的孩子已经一年多了。哦，我是多么爱他。我知道他的父亲刚从监狱里释放出来，他爱他的儿子。我帮他找回了儿子。我知道这对有些人来说可能有点奇怪，但你能给孩子的最好礼物是一个爱他们、想要他们的健康的亲生父母。如果有人值得获得第二次机会，那就是这位父亲，他有一份体面的工作，愿意开10个小时的车去看望他。生父住在另一个州，这使得生父很难把他们找回来。 State-to-state foster care may as well be an out of country adoption. It’s just a very long, hard process.
我知道我和我可爱的儿子的时间即将结束。有一天我接到一个电话，要我带一个5岁的小女孩去。那天晚些时候，她带着一个装着她衣服的垃圾袋走进我家。我只好把它拿出去，放在门廊上。她身上有头虱、体虱和蛲虫。她来自一个肮脏的寄养家庭，她说在那里她被强迫躺在地板上。事实上，她在6周内去过5个家庭。我告诉她，她很可爱，一定是个可爱的女孩。她回答说:“不，我骂。我尽量不笑出声来。
不到30分钟，我就在街上追她，把她抱回家，她尖叫着。邻居们都从家里出来看发生了什么事，我只是挥了挥手。她对我试图治疗她的头发很不高兴。这不是你第一次见到孩子时想做的事，但我知道，如果我让孩子接管整个房子，这一周会更有挑战性。大多数时候，她都无法理清自己的思绪和语言。在她六岁生日和开学前几天我才生下她。我发现一件事是真的，午餐盒是给寄养家庭的孩子最好的礼物之一。我们想当然地认为孩子们可以带一些有趣的水果零食、心形花生酱和果冻。她得到了一个彩虹午餐盒，哦，她是多么自豪啊。
两周后，我接到一个电话，要我带她两岁的妹妹去。他们说她话不多。她一直和一个亲戚住在一起。她胳膊骨折了，皮肤上有很大的疮。她是在她姐姐上学的白天来找我的。她看起来很害怕，但过了一会儿，她抬头看着墙上的画说:“艾迪。那是她认出来的姐姐。我永远不会忘记那一刻。这让我对保持兄弟姐妹群体在一起充满热情。
没过多久我就接到学校打来的电话，问我发生了什么事。她上一年级，找不到字母L。“她会把裤子弄得一团糟，不肯换。学校和我合作，我们制定了一个计划。她一年级的老师和我搭档，到那年年底，她识字了。她在那所学校被称为“神童”。老师和学校的社工都不敢相信她在一年里走了这么远。很多来到托儿所的孩子在情感上比他们的实际年龄落后5岁或更多。
第二年出生时妈妈把她的权利都给了我们。他的父亲被判入狱13年，并努力维护自己作为父亲的权利。我很沮丧它被拖了3年多。我支持亲生父母，但你不能在监狱里抚养孩子。孩子们应该过得更好。我们和亲生母亲保持联系。她经常出入戒毒所。她真心爱她的孩子们，我们都爱她。在她生活的各个季节，她都表现得很好。我认为如果可能的话，和亲生父母保持联系对孩子来说是最好的。 I know some may disagree. I talk to a lot of adults who have had messed up childhoods and knowing their bio family wanted them goes a long way. I know that isn’t always the case, but it is for my girls.
有很多值得的时刻，这一切都是值得的，比如第一个圣诞节她得到了一条公主裙，或者我们第一次去摘苹果。另一个最受欢迎的是他们的第一个生日派对，邻居让我们借他们的马。我记得有天晚上我生病了，我的小艾迪过来给我读了她最喜欢的书，唱了一首歌，为我祈祷。我们全家都喜欢去斯莫基山度假，去大自然散步，去年，我们还带全家去巡游。看到他们第一次见到大海时的表情，以及他们能在午夜的船上吃自助餐，真是太有趣了。有5个女儿是一件有趣的事情，很多头发和化妆，还有情绪。
几周前，我们从我们的收养律师那里得到消息他们获准领养了。小的那个问我们是否可以在她生日那天收养她，也就是下个星期。上周，两个女孩在她7岁生日的时候被收养了，这是她胳膊骨折来找我的5年之后。
我们现在九口之家我的两个姐姐刚刚毕业，搬出去了。当你读到这篇文章的时候，它可能是或多或少。我的第一个目标是让孩子们回家。不管孩子的生活有多艰难，他们总是想和亲生父母在一起。我一直记得，他们的父母也曾经是孩子，他们也受到了伤害，大多数时候，没有人来帮助他们，当不能回家的时候，我们收养了他们。我经常听到这样的话，‘我永远做不到你做的事，我会太依恋你。对此，我的回答是，这正是孩子们需要的。如果你不去依恋，那你就做错了。“孩子们值得被爱。我受伤总比他们继续受伤好。”
点击这里阅读更多精彩的收养故事:
帮助我们表明同情是会传染的。分享把这个美丽的故事分享给你的朋友和家人。Australia is home to some of the most dangerous animals in the world, and recently the federal government set its sights on one particular predator that it claims is the country’s single biggest threat to native species: cats.
This week Gregory Andrews, Australia's first threatened species commissioner, put forth a plan for "24-hour containment requirements for domestic cats.” The plan would require pet cats in designated containment areas to be allowed outside only when on a leash or in an enclosure.
The idea isn
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hissi sağlayabilir.
- Dayanıklılığı Geliştirme: Spinningin ardından yapılan egzersizler, genel dayanıklılığı artırabilir. Farklı kas gruplarına odaklanan egzersizler, vücudu dengeli bir şekilde güçlendirebilir ve bir sonraki spinning seansında performansı artırabilir.
- Toparlanma Sürecini Hızlandırma: Spinning sonrası hafif egzersizler, kan dolaşımını artırabilir ve kaslara daha fazla oksijen ve besin ulaştırarak toparlanma sürecini hızlandırabilir.
- Vücut Kompozisyonunu İyileştirme: Spinning sonrası yapılan kuvvet antrenmanı veya fonksiyonel antrenman, vücut kompozisyonunu iyileştirebilir. Bu, yağ kaybını teşvik edebilir ve kas kütlesini artırarak metabolizma hızını artırabilir.
- Sosyal Bağlantıları Güçlendirme: Spinning sonrası grup egzersizleri veya sosyal aktiviteler, sosyal bağlantıları güçlendirebilir. Bu, motivasyonu artırabilir ve egzersiz yapma düzenini korumaya yardımcı olabilir.电地暖温控器安装步骤是怎样的？
地暖温控器安装步骤：
1.先用一字螺丝刀伸进风机盘管温控器侧面的小卡坐口里，轻轻的撬开底板(不可过度用力不然或把外壳卡座弄断)，使风机盘管温控器面板和底板分离开，再把底板用配备的螺丝钉固定想要固定的地方再把风机盘管温控器面板扣到底板上即可。
2.接线一定按照电气接线图正确接线，切勿使水，泥浆等杂质进入风机盘管温控器内，否则将会造成器件损坏。
3.风机盘管温控器应安装在周围空气自由流动的墙面上，距离地面高为2，且是一个温度稳定而且没有靠近进门处或空调装置的地方，位置应保证其不受其他热源及避免阳光、门窗气流或外墙温度等影响。
电地暖温控器接线方法？
①、将温控器探头穿管，穿管末端应封闭并尽可能设置在两条电缆线之间，并用困扎带与钢丝网固定一般可安装在与房间灯开关的并列位置。
②、温控器在出厂前已经组装完整，只须将2组导线——温度传感器、预留电缆分别连接在温控开关上，一个控制电缆的运行，另一个用来测量出地面的温度，温度探头放在两根电缆中间的位置。
③、温控器是地面温度传感器，可以控制供热电缆运行温度。在铺设完成后水泥填充前，必须安装调试，如果发现线路出现问题，可以及时处理和更换。Cold draughts are sometimes associated with air conditioning and indeed, this can be caused by incorrectly conceived systems. The likely effect on personnel resulting from the location of the indoor unit and its air distribution pattern must therefore be considered at the design stage.
The height of the ceiling is also relevant. Air conditioning equipment manufacturers generally assume the optimum ceiling height for a direct expansion system to be between 2.70 and 3.50 metres. Cold air at about 16°C supplied from this height is able to mix with warmer room air before reaching personnel level, thereby obviating any feeling or draught.
Notwithstanding this, in applications not meeting this general standard, a quality air conditioning system can invariably be "tuned" to compensate.
Clearly, unit location as well as ceiling height and shape have a major influence on draught or the lack of it. Explaining this requires a few comments concerning the properties of cold air. Cold air has a tendency to "stick" to the ceiling for a period prior to descending. This is known as the "coanda" effect and it helps the cold air and surrounding air to mix before dropping down into the room.
Unfortunately, the existance of any barrier such as a ceiling beam, has a detrimental effect on this by interrupting the air flow. In such a case, cold air colliding with the beam will sink immediately, to the certain discomfort of any individual unlucky enough to be seated directely below.
Similarly, two units located opposite to each other will generate cold air flow collision in much the same manner.Ay'ın, Dünya'dan göremediğimiz öteki tarafına 2 Ocak 2019 tarihinde Chang'e-4 uzay aracını indiren Çin, geçtiğimiz günlerde Chang'e-5 aracını da fırlatmış ve Ay yüzeyinden örnek toplamayı başarmıştı.
DÜNYA'YA DÖNÜYOR
Çin'in "Chang'e 5" keşif aracının uzay kapsülü, Ay'dan topladığı toprak ve taş örneklerini Dünya'ya getirmek için Ay'dan havalandı ve yörüngedeki modüle kenetlendi. Araç, böylelikle Dünya'ya dönmek için 3 günlük yolculuğa başlamış oldu.
ÇİN TARİHİNDE İLK
Bu, Çin’e ait bir uzay aracının ilk kez Dünya dışı bir alandan havalanması anlamına geliyor.آیا تا به حال با خود فکر کرده اید که چگونه می توان با مردگان صحبت کرد؟
مارک زاکربرگ، رئیس شرکت متا معتقد است که پلتفرم متاورس می تواند در آینده به مردم این امکان را بدهد تا از طریق آواتارهای مجازی با افراد درگذشته خود صحبت کنند.
اینسایدر اولین کسی بود که گزارش داد زاکربرگ می خواهد برای ساخت مدل های مجازی سه بعدی از فناوری جدید استفاده کند.
لکس فریدمن که از طریق متاورس با زاکربرگ گفت و گویی داشت از او پرسید: آیا این امکان وجود دارد که با استفاده از این فناوری با افراد مرده صحبت کرد؟
زاکربرگ در پاسخ به او گفت: «من دوست دارم با افرادی که درگذشته اند صحبت کنم. پس با نگاه به آینده، آیا شما هم به این موضوع فکر می کنید؟»
بیشتر بخوانید:
زاکربرگ که تاکید داشت ممکن شدن این موضوع بسیار پیچیده است، گفت: «احتمالا برای ایده ایجاد نسخه مجازی یک انسان درگذشته از طریق واقعیت مجازی و هوش مصنوعی باید تعادلی وجود داشته باشد.»
زاکربرگ همچنین گفت:«اگر کسی از بابت از دست دادن عزیزانش ناراحت و غمگین است، راه هایی ممکن است وجود داشته باشد تا با افرادی که دیگر زنده نیستند تعامل برقرار شود یا خاطرات خاصی را دوباره زنده کند.»
اما او تاکید داشت که این فناوری می تواند زیانبار باشد.
او گفت: «من متخصص این حوزه نیستم، بنابراین فکر میکنم باید روی آن مطالعه کنیم و در مورد آن جزئیات بیشتری بدانیم.»در این رنگ بندی، شهرستان های اراک، خمین، محلات، دلیجان، کمیجان، خنداب، شازند، فراهان و آشتیان در وضعیت نارنجی تفرش و زرندیه در وضعیت زرد و ساوه در وضعیت قرمز قرار دارند.
گفتنی است بر اساس دستورالعمل های ستاد ملی کرونا مسافرت از شهرهای نارنجی و قرمز به شهرهای کشور و ورود افراد غیر ساکن با خودروهای شخصی به شهرهای با وضعیت نارنجی و قرمز ممنوع است و جریمه ورود و خروج خودروها به شهرهای قرمز و نارنجی به ترتیب ۱۰ و پنج میلیون ریال است.
سخنگوی دانشکده علوم پزشکی ساوه : اگر مصوبات ستاد ملی مبارزه با کرونا در سطح شهرستان به طور دقیق اجرا می شدقطعا امروز شاهد قرمز ماندن ساوه نبودیم
انتهای پیام/Having good posture has always been considered important.
So, what is good posture and why should we bother with our posture?
Posture means ‘the position you hold your body during certain activities, not just standing and sitting’. It relates to all activities.
Good posture helps your body function better. If you have correct posture for the activity you are doing, your body will need less effort doing it and be less likely to get injured.
Good posture will give you better mechanical advantage and reduce strain on certain parts of your body that are prone to injury.
This is particularly important in physical activities, such as manual labour, gardening and sports, and that applies to athletes of all abilities.
If you make better use of the natural lever systems in the body you will get better mechanical advantage, which will get the job done with less effort and with less risk of injury.
If you are an athlete, it would mean that you get more power and speed.
Let’s look at standing first. You should stand with your tummy pulled in slightly, chest out, shoulders back and chin slightly tucked in, with the weight evenly distributed between both feet.
If you look side-on, you should be able to draw a plumb line through the opening of your ear, the middle of the neck, middle of the lumbar spine, hip joint, knee and through the lump on the side of your ankle (lateral malleolus), the line should intersect all these points.
When you sit you should hold your upper body upright, maintain a slight arch in your lower back, shoulders back, chest out and neck upright with your chin slightly tucked in, planting both feet on the floor and not crossing your legs.
For example, for other activities such as golf, the spine should be close to straight looking from the side, not c- or s-shaped.
Every activity has an optimal posture.
So, why is having a ‘different’ posture such a bad thing?
As mentioned above, having the ‘wrong’ posture can put your muscles, ligaments and joints under undue pressure, which can lead to pain and fatigue.
Bad posture has a lot to answer for - not only can it have a negative affect on your health but it could also have a negative effect on how people around you perceive you as a person.
The first impression is everything. People make their mind up about you in the first 7 seconds of meeting you.
Good posture is commonly associated with confidence, capability and good health.
Poor posture can be associated with laziness, sloppiness, or a perceived lack of care about your appearance. It ca also be perceived as a sign of low mood.
That can be a good enough reason to improve your posture, but there are other important reasons too.
The physical side effects can be many. Sitting with poor posture can lead to back pain, sciatica, neck-, shoulder- and arm pain.
Standing incorrectly can have the same effects and if you look at your foot posture; if your stand with your feet pronated (with the feet flat), you can get foot-, ankle-, knee-, hip- and back pain as a result.
Having a forward slumped posture with the shoulders rolling forward and the chin jutting forward will reduce your chest expansion and make it harder to breath.
Poor chest expansion is associated with chest infections and general fatigue and tiredness. It will also make you more prone to shoulder pain and injuries.
If you sit with your lower back in a slumped posture you put significantly more pressure on your spinal discs. It can also compress your internal organs and have an effect on bowel motility.
It normally develops as we grow up. Look at babies, as soon as they are able to sit and stand by themselves, they tend to have great posture.
By the time we are teenagers we have adopted a different posture, often slumped.
But that is not true for everyone. Children who do gymnastics and classical dancing often have fantastic posture, because they are constantly told to hold them selves in a certain way.
So, bad posture can be habitual, but let’s not forget our emotions. If we are ‘down’ or mentally tired, we tend to adopt a different, slumped, posture too.
Other important reasons for having poor posture include, having:
• poor endurance and strength of the postural muscles,
• poor joint and spinal flexibility.
There are a few simple tests you can do which will help you find out what the cause of your bad posture is.
1. Stand in front of a mirror and put yourself into a ‘good’ posture position, which will most likely feel very strange. You might even feel a bit self-conscious standing in this new position, but if you are able to achieve this ‘good’ posture, you don’t have a problem with joint or spinal flexibility. It is therefore likely to be habitual.
2. Now hold this posture for as long as possible. You might start to feel certain parts of you starting to ache. That is most likely due to muscle fatigue as a result of poor endurance of your postural muscles.
3. If you are unable to adopt the ‘correct’ posture, it is a sign that you lack the mobility to do it, either because of joint restriction, pain or muscle and ligament shortening.
4. If you feel less pain holding good posture, it is a fairly obvious sign that your bad posture is a direct cause of the pain, or at least part of the cause.
If you look at the 4 points above, whichever category you fall into, the direct recommendation for you would be.
If point 1 and 2 are true for you, then you will improve by holding that ‘good’ posture more often until you are able to do it all day or by doing specific postural exercises to strengthen you muscles. A chiropractor can help you with this.
If you fall into category 3, you need help. It would suggest you might need chiropractic treatment to help you, combined with an exercise programme. Contact a chiropractor and have a proper evaluation and have the underlying problem dealt with.
If you fall into category 4, you should try to adopt your ‘good’ posture immediately and continue. If you feel unable to do it for any length of time, you might need chiropractic treatment to help you.
Your posture is very important, but posture is not the answer to all problems. Don’t expect that because you sit correctly at work in a good chair, all your problems will be solved.
The human body needs exercise to function. Poor core muscle control and endurance of the postural muscles, is going to make you more likely to get injured. Your muscles will protect your joints and ligaments, and exercise is the only thing that is going to help to improve your muscle control and endurance.
Here at the ISIS Chiropractic Centres we include rehabilitation and self-help exercise in our treatment programmes.
The campaign encourages every family to adopt a simple three-minute exercise programme as part of their daily routine. This is about the same amount of time it takes to brush your teeth.
The exercises help improve posture, stabilise core muscle groups, enhance health and prevent spinal disability.
The ‘core’ back and stomach muscles, the deep muscles that stabilise the spine during movement, need to be strengthened and kept toned.
The exercise program is designed to be both effective and convenient, with all exercises done in a standing position and for those who cannot stand the exercises can be modified to be performed sitting. They can be undertaken by people of all ages with a special programme tailored for children.
Remember to tell your family and children about their posture. The younger you are when you start, the easier the change will be and you are likely to prevent problems in the future.
If you have any questions or concerns about your posture, please ask us!
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Aylesbury: 01296 489231Tarzan had renounced his right to the woman he loved, and civilization held no pleasure for him. After a brief and harrowing period among men, he turned back to the African jungle where he had grown to manhood. It was there he first heard of Opar, the city of gold, left over from fabled Atlantis.
It was a city of hideous men — and of beautiful, savage women, over whom reigned La, high priestess of the Flaming God. Its altars were stained with the blood of many sacrifices. Unheeding of the dangers, Tarzan led a band of savage warriors toward the ancient crypts and the more ancient evil of Opar...
"The Return of Tarzan" was first published in New Story Magazine (June - December 1913). The first hardcover edition was published by A.C. McClurg, March 10, 1915. The dust jacket was done by N.C. Wyeth while J. Allen St. John did 26 interior headpieces.
Original title: The Return of Tarzan
Genre: Fiction→ Fantasy→ Shared Worlds→ Celebrity Charactersيک بم گزار انتحاري توسط موتر امروز حد اقل چهار عسکر را در شمال غرب پاکستان، واقع در نزديک سرحد افغانستان بقتل رسانيد.
جنرال شوکت عزيز، نطاق قواي نظامي پاکستان ميگويد پنج عسکر پاکستاني و يک خانم ملکي وقتي کشته شدند که يک موتر مملو از بم در نزديک شهر ميران شاه در منطقۀ آشوب زدۀ قبايلي وزيرستان بر يک کاروان وسايط قواي امنيتي در شمال غرب پاکستان اصابت داده شد.
اين انفجار همچنان چندين عسکر را مجروح ساخت. کسي ادعاي مسؤليت نکرده است.
اين حمله اين بيم را ايجاد کرده که معاهدۀ صلحي که پاکستان در ماۀ سپتمبر سال گذشته با تندروان طرفدار طالبان در وزيرستان شمالي امضا کرد، ناکام ميشود.
بموجب اين پيمان، اسلام آباد موافقه کرد تا عساکر خود را از مناطق قبايلي خارج کند و رهبران قبايلي گفتند از حملات دهشت افگني جلوگيري خواهند کرد.
به تعقيب امضاي اين توافق، امنيت در منطقه بطور قابل ملاحظه اي بهبود يافت.
اما تشنج هفتۀ گذشته بعد ازان تشديد شد که يک حملۀ هوائي پاکستان يک کمپ مظنون القاعده را در وزيرستان جنوبي تخريب کرد.Davranışlarını yönetmek için gençlerin telefonunu elinden mi alıyorsun? Belki bir partiden eve geç geldiklerinde veya kötü bir rapor kartı aldıklarında?
Teknolojiye el koyma, zaman kısıtlama veya ek erişime izin vermek popüler bir ebeveynlik stratejisi haline geldi. Anketler gösterisi Bu, gençleri olan Amerikalı ebeveynlerin% 65'inin telefonlara el koyması ya da internet ayrıcalıklarının bir tür ceza olarak kaldırılması.
Artık sadece bir dikkat dağıtma aracı değil - teknolojiye erişim davranışsal bir kontrol aracı haline geldi. Ancak son araştırmam, bu yaklaşımın en iyi fikir olmadığını gösteriyor.
50 Avustralya aileleriyle konuştum, bu konuda 118-1
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8,450 | 3 | 3 |
, the backend code is executed on a decentralized peer-to-peer network such as Ethereum. The blockchain interacts with the frontend of decentralized applications through APIs, like the JSON-RPC layer which is used for applications based on the Ethereum network. Here, the API doesn’t connect to any database, but instead the wallet software triggers smart contracts that interact with the blockchain.
Advantages of DApp
In our time, information is the most important weapon that can be used for financial and political gain. That is why the first and most important advantage of the DApp is its stand-alone nature. The app not being controlled by a single entity means it resists censorship and public informational control.
Another important benefit of DApps is that they don’t have to go through the tedious process of integrating fiat payments. Since DApps are made up of smart contracts, crypto payments can be easily integrated into their core functionality.
Another great advantage of decentralized applications for the development of Web 3.0 is their open source. This not only allows auditing and examining the source of the code, but also encourages developers to build ever larger DApps.
What are the use cases of DApps?
Most decentralized applications are built on the Ethereum blockchain. Their white paper described three different types of DApps.
- Apps that manage money.
- Applications where money is involved but also need other information to look for.
- Other applications, including voting and governance systems.
Steemit is a blockchain-based blogging and social media website. Here, users are rewarded for posting and curating content with STEEM tokens. The users themselves decide what content is rewarded by interacting with it. The platform has more than 1.2 million users. Now the ecosystem also includes DTube, which is a decentralized alternative to YouTube.
Uniswap is a decentralized blockchain-based exchange that facilitates automated transactions between cryptocurrency tokens through the use of smart contracts. Established in 2021, it is now the largest decentralized exchange and the fourth largest crypto exchange in terms of trading volume. It is based on decentralized blockchain networks, running open source software, as opposed to exchanges run by centralized companies like Binance, Coinbase, OKEx, etc.
CryptoKitties is an Ethereum network based game that allows players to buy, collect, breed, and sell virtual cats. Each of the kittens is a non-fungible token (NFT)meaning, it’s one of a kind. CryptoKitties was one of the first and most successful attempts to use blockchain technology for entertainment and recreation.
The future of DApps
Looking at the speed at which decentralized applications are developed and improved, we can expect them to grow exponentially over the next 10 years. While a completely decentralized online world is still a utopia, DApps make it easier for everyday users to use blockchain technology for their daily needs.
Decentralized applications are going to be a part of everyday life, helping to reduce costs and avoid third parties of personal and business transactions. These applications are expected to take automation and security to a new level.
With more adoption, we can expect DApps to evolve, improving their user interface design and overall usability. They have already become a valuable tool and have paved the way for further growth and development. Decentralized applications are expected to become mainstream as more investors and users take advantage of the efficiency of these platforms.
Saida Sarsenbekova is a blockchain enthusiast and professional writer with experience in crypto exchanges, wallets, and other blockchain projects. Its mission is to explain difficult concepts in simple terms and to teach people how they can personally benefit from decentralized technologies.
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Disclaimer: Opinions expressed on The Daily Hodl are not investment advice. Investors should do their due diligence before making high risk investments in Bitcoin, cryptocurrency, or digital assets. Please note that your transfers and transactions are at your own risk and that any loss you may incur is your responsibility. The Daily Hodl does not recommend buying or selling cryptocurrencies or digital assets, nor is The Daily Hodl an investment advisor. Please note that The Daily Hodl participates in Affiliate Marketing.
Featured Image: Shutterstock / TonTectonixبسیاری از افرادی که دچار عارضه هایی مثل سکته مغزی و قلبی می شوند، پیشینه بیماری های قلبی عروقی، سوابق خانوادگی بیماری، فشار خون و مواردی مشابه را در کارنامه سلامتی خود دارند اما برخی دیگر نیز بی هیچ سابقه و صرفا به علت برخی اشتباهات رایج دچار این مشکلات می شوند.
منبع : مجله اینترنتی برترین هابه گزارش جهان صنعت نیوز: بازار سکه و طلا در هفته دوم آذر کار خود را با توجه به افزایش نرخ ارز صعودی آغاز کرد اما از اواسط هفته با شروع مذاکرات وین روند صعودی قیمتها متوقف شد.
قیمت سکه طرح جدید در روز شنبه با نرخ ۱۲ میلیون و ۶۰۰ هزار تومان معامله شد و در روز یکشنبه ۳۰ هزار تومان افزایش یافت. بهای سکه در روز دوشنبه افزایشی بود و با قیمت ۱۲ میلیون و ۷۵۰ هزار تومان معامله شد و روز بعد دوباره عقبگرد ۱۸۰ هزار تومانی داشت.
سکه طرح جدید در روز چهارشنبه نیز ۱۱۰ هزار تومان کاهش قیمت داشت و به رقم ۱۲ میلیون و ۶۴۰ هزار تومان رسید. در آخرین روز هفته سکه دوباره با ۲۰ هزار تومان کاهش معامله شد.
قیمتها در بازار طلای خام در هفته دوم آذر ماه همچون هفتههای قبل در نوسان بود البته این نوسان در مقایسه تا حدودی کاهش داشت. به این صورت که یک گرم طلای ۱۸ عیار در روز شنبه یک میلیون و ۲۵۴ هزار تومان معامله شد و بهای آن در روز بعد به یک میلیون و ۲۵۶ هزار تومان و در روز دوشنبه به یک میلیون و ۲۶۷ هزار تومان رسید.
یک گرم طلای ۱۸ عیار در روز سهشنبه یک میلیون و ۲۵۴ هزار تومان و در روز چهارشنبه یک میلیون و ۲۶۰ هزار تومان بود و پرونده آن در روز پنجشنبه با همان قیمت روز قبل بسته شد.
قیمت هر مثقال طلا در هفته گذشته در میانه کانال پنج میلیون تومان نوسان داشت. در نخستین روز هفته هر مثقال طلا برابر با پنج میلیون و ۴۳۳ هزار تومان و روز یکشنبه پنج میلیون و ۴۴۴ هزار تومان تعیین شد.
بهای هر مثقال طلا در روز دوشنبه ۴۶ هزار تومان افزایش یافت و برابر پنج میلیون و ۴۹۰ هزار تومان شد و در روز سهشنبه این رقم ۵۷ هزار تومان کاهش داشت. در روزهای پایانی هفته قیمت هر مثقال طلا روند کاهشی داشت رو چهارشنبه برابر پنج میلیون و ۲۶۲ هزار تومان و آخر هفته پنج میلیون و ۴۶۰ هزار تومان د اد و ستد میشد.
قیمت انس جهانی طلا در هفته گذشته در محدوده یک هزار و ۷۷۰ تا یک هزار و ۷۹۰ دلار نوسان داشت.
«محمد کشتی آرای» نایب رییس اتحادیه طلا و جواهر تهران روز جمعه در گفت و گو با خبرنگار اقتصادی ایرنا درباره تحولات بازار سکه و طلا طی هفته گذشته گفت: در بازارهای خارجی قیمت انس جهانی طلا در روز پنجشنبه به یک هزار و ۷۷۰ دلار رسید که نسبت به اول هفته ۲۲ دلار کاهش داشت.
وی ادامه داد: در طول هفته نیز قیمت انس جهانی طلا با توجه به تقویت ارزش دلار باعث کاهش سرمایهگذاری روی طلا در بازارهای جهانی شد.
کشتی آرای درخصوص بازار داخلی طلا نیز گفت: در بازار داخلی نیز بیشتر قیمت طلا و انواع سکه تحت تأثیر ارز بود و نرخ ارز نیز تحت تأثیر مذاکرات وین قرار داشت.
نایب رییس اتحادیه طلا و جواهر، افزود: اول هفته قیمتها صعودی بود اما از روز دوشنبه که بحث مذاکرات مطرح شد قیمتها سیر نزولی داشت اما در مجموع در طول هفته قیمت سکه و طلا کاهش و افزایش قابل توجهی نداشت. بنابراین میتوان گفت که شروع مذاکرات برجام موجب توقف قیمتها شد و از اواسط هفته قیمتها ثبات داشت .
کشتی آرای گفت: قیمتهای پایان هفته نیز نشاندهنده ثبات است به طوری که سکه طرح جدید با قیمت ۱۲ میلیون و ۶۰۰ هزار تومان معامله میشد که در مقایسه با اول هفته تغییری نداشت .
وی اظهارداشت: حباب سکه نیز در روز پایان هفته نسبت به ابتدای آن ۵۰ هزار تومان کاهش داشت و در روز پنجشنبه حباب هر قطعه سکه برابر ۲۷۰ هزار تومان بود.
کشتی آرای در پایان گفت: در مجموع قیمت انواع سکه و طلا در طول هفته به دلیل مذاکرات تغییر محسوسی نداشت و از صعود بازمانده است. بنابراین هرگونه اخباری که از مذاکرات منتشر شود برقیمتها تاثیر خواهد گذاشت.Politica fiscale secondo i keynesiani
Secondo la teoria keynesiana i sistemi capitalistici sono tendenzialmente instabili perché il libero mercato non assicura il raggiungimento della piena occupazione, né evitano le crisi economiche.
J.M. Keynes pubblica la sua opera Teoria generale dell'occupazione, dell'interesse e della moneta nel 1936, dopo la grande crisi del 1929-32. In questo periodo storico gli imprenditori hanno aspettative negative sul futuro e preferiscono mantenere la propria liquidità in portafoglio in attesa di tempi migliori. Pertanto, qualsiasi innesto di moneta tramite la politica monetaria è inefficace perché la moneta sarebbe tesaurizzata dagli imprenditori senza alcun investimento produttivo.
Secondo Keynes la spesa pubblica può sostenere la domanda globale nei momenti di crisi economica, abbreviandone la durata, la crescita dell'occupazione e del reddito fino alla piena occupazione.
La politica fiscale secondo i keynesiani è efficace
La teoria macroeconomica di Keynes può essere analizzata utilizzando il modello IS-LM che consente di osservare contemporaneamente sia gli effetti sul mercato dei beni che quelli sul mercato della moneta.
Secondo la teoria keynesiana l'equilibrio iniziale si trova in una situazione di sottoccupazione delle risorse, gli operatori hanno una grande dotazione di moneta non utilizzata ( trappola della liquidità ) la domanda di moneta ( L ) è molto sensibile alle variazioni del tasso di interesse ( h=∞ ).
In tali circostanze la curva LM è perfettamente piatta, orizzontale e parallela all'asse delle ascisse.
L'incremento della spesa pubblica ( ΔG ) sposta la curva IS verso destra. L'equilibrio economico si sposta dal punto e0 al punto e1. Nel nuovo punto di equilibrio e1 si verifica una situazione di eccesso di domanda di moneta ( L>M ).
ΔL = kY - hi ( h=∞ )
L'eccesso della domanda moneta ( L>M ) è immediatamente soddisfatto dalla grande dotazione di moneta che gli operatori trattengono in portafoglio ( trappola della liquidità ). Non si verifica, pertanto, alcun incremento del tasso di interesse ( i ) per riportare in equilibrio il mercato della moneta ( L=M ).
Cos'è la trappola della liquidità? Nell'ipotesi keynesiana gli operatori economici dispongo già di un'ampia dotazione di moneta che non impiegano sotto forma di investimenti a causa delle proprie aspettative negative sul futuro. In questa circostanza qualsiasi politica monetaria espansiva ( ΔM ) diventa inefficace poiché gli imprenditori preferiscono trattenere la liquidità in eccesso ( M ) in portafoglio aspettando tempi migliori per investire ( animal spirts ).
Come uscire dalla trappola della liquidità
Per uscire dalla trappola della liquidità John Maynard Keynes propone di prelevare una parte della liquidità inutilizzata dagli imprenditori tramite la leva fiscale ( imposte ) e utilizzare il gettito fiscale per finanziare la spesa pubblica ( ΔG ).
A parità di investimenti ( I ) dei privati, l'incremento della spesa pubblica ( ΔG ) produce effetti reali ( ΔY ) sull'equilibrio macroeconomico.
Al termine del processo di aggiustamento il reddito/produzione è aumentato ( Y1 ), il tasso di interesse di equilibrio è, invece, rimasto invariato a i0.
Per questa ragione, secondo i keynesiani l'efficacia della politica fiscale è massima.
Il moltiplicatore fiscale eguaglia il moltiplicatore del reddito
Nella teoria keynesiana il moltiplicatore fiscale ha valori molto elevati.
La politica fiscale espansiva raggiunge la sua massima efficacia sul reddito perché l'elevata sensibilità della domanda di moneta alle variazioni del tasso di interesse ( h = ∞ ) consente di eguagliare il moltiplicatore fiscale al moltiplicatore del reddito.
Dimostrazione
La dimostrazione dell'uguaglianza tra i due moltiplicatori può essere ottenuta a partire dal moltiplicatore fiscale con semplici passaggi algebrici.
La variabile h=∞ ( ipotesi keynesiana ) annulla il denominatore del rapporto mk/h del moltiplicatore fiscale rendendo pari a uno il coefficiente di moltiplicazione tra ΔY e m ΔG.
In tale circostanza l'incremento del reddito è pari a ΔY=m ΔG e l'efficacia della politica fiscale è pari a ΔY/ΔG=m.
Sapendo che la variabile m è uguale a 1/[1-c (1-t) ] e identifica il moltiplicatore del reddito, si può quindi affermare che nell'ipotesi keynesiana ( h=∞ ) il moltiplicatore fiscale eguaglia il moltiplicatore del reddito ( m ).Açık pirinç mı?
Bol suyla yıka mutlaka kısık ateşte de tıkır tıkır edene kadar iyice kavur bir su bardağı pirince iki su bardağı da çeşme den soğuk su koy kaynayana kadar ağzı açık bekle yüksek ateşte kaynaşın sonra altını kis ağzını kapa suyunu çekene kadar pissin ağır ağır piştikten sonra altını kapatıp üstüne bir havlu örtüp ağzını geri kapat mis gibi pilav olur ")Concentration meditation is the foundation of one’s meditation practice. In concentration meditation, we hold the mind on an object, such as the breath or a visualized image, in order to strengthen our focus and to cultivate peacefulness by overcoming inner agitation and lethargy. We develop this practice by following the three aspects of meditation: preparation, setting the object, and bringing the mind bacK.
When we do physical exercise, we are accustomed to making preparations. We must decide when to exercise (morning, lunchtime, evening, or weekends), make sure we are physically ready (wear the right clothes and ensure the stomach is not too full), and decide where to exercise (home, gym, or outdoors). Meditation is similar in that we need to take some simple steps to prepare. It is better to think of the preparation as part of the meditation itself, because the process of preparation helps us to calm down and turn inward. Preparing to meditate has three elements: time, place, and posture.
It is best to pick a set time to meditate, beginning with at least five minutes and extending the time as the habit of meditation becomes more stable. Possibilities include when we wake up, after breakfast, before dinner, before we go to bed, or any other convenient time. The time of day itself does not matter as much as our commitment to it. We can, of course, change the time or alter it according to our schedule, but it is good to have in mind a set time. It is also good to make it a daily endeavor. Five minutes a day is better than an hour on the weekends. It is fine if we miss a day here and there but we recommend a commitment to a daily meditation practice at a particular time. If you wish, it is often helpful to use a countdown timer to set a specific time period for your meditation session.
Surprisingly, it can be challenging to find a good place to meditate. The difficulty of finding a clean, quiet place to sit for a short time is perhaps testimony to the amount of distraction in our lives and the need to meditate. It is not easy to remove ourselves from phones, computers, TV, and other distractions, so we need to put a little effort into it. We recommend picking one place to meditate and sticking to it—any clean and reasonably quiet place where you can sit for a little while undisturbed. Of course, if you are traveling, then you could find any place that works while you are away (the beach or the mountains, for example, can be wonderful places to meditate).
It is important to pay attention to our posture when we meditate. This has a dual effect. First, we can meditate more comfortably and for longer periods when we have good posture. Second, keeping the body in a good posture helps our inner energy and vitality to flow better. Because we are all physically different, there is no formula for how to sit correctly during meditation. We have to experiment until we find what works. Consider this effort part of the meditation itself. As we grow accustomed to meditation, it is likely that our posture will evolve. There are several aspects of meditation posture to consider.
- Floor or chair: We recommend sitting upright on the floor or in a chair. We do not recommend lying down because it is too easy to fall asleep. If your legs can handle it, we suggest trying to sit on the floor; otherwise, a chair is fine.
- Legs: If you are on the floor, you can cross your legs in the lotus, half-lotus, or ordinary cross-legged position. Any comfortable cross-legged position will work as long as you can sustain it for a little while. Because we are unaccustomed to sitting cross-legged, we generally need one or more cushions to sit on, and sometimes a small cushion under each knee. The goal is to raise the hips and buttocks so the knees rest firmly on the floor. Any reasonably firm cushions will do.
- Spine and shoulders: Try to keep the spine erect. If it slouches as you meditate, straighten it again. Keep the shoulders relaxed, not tight or hunched up.
- Eyes: It is best not to have the eyes fully open, because there are too many distractions, nor fully closed, because this makes it easier to fall asleep. If you can, close the eyes almost all the way, allowing in just a sliver of light.
- Hands: We recommend placing the hands in your lap, palms up, with the right palm resting gently in the left, and the ends of the thumbs gently touching.
It is best not to be too rigid in finding the right posture. You can have a great meditation without twisting the legs into uncomfortable positions. Experiment to see what works.
2. Setting the Object
The second aspect of meditation is setting the object. In meditation we do not “space out” or allow the mind to drift. It always involves focusing the mind on an object that has the capacity to enhance and strengthen the mind. In concentration meditation, we want to anchor the mind on the object, and keep it there, so it is important to decide ahead of time what the object of our meditation will be. As we will see later, in analytical meditation we apply reflection and reason on particular topics in order to establish the object of meditation.
There
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have to the stress field of the Moon and the Sun (tidal forces).
- Exothermic physicochemical reactions: mantle. The high pressures and the high temperature make the minerals unstable and produce continuous phase changes that generate energy in the form of heat.
- Radiogenic decomposition of isotopes: cortex and mantle. The rocks that make up the lithosphere (composed of the crust and the highest part of the mantle) are rich in minerals that contain radioactive elements such as the 235U, 238U, 232Th and 40K isotopes. The decomposition reactions of these isotopes are exothermic. Radiogenic isotope decomposition is the process that brings more heat to the Earth's surface.
It must be taken into account that the Earth's temperature increases inward from a global surface average of 15ºC to more than 5000ºC in the inner core.
What Are the Types of Geothermal Reservoirs?
There can be considered that there are three types of geothermal deposits:
- Hot water reservoirs.
- Dry deposits.
Hot Water Reservoirs
These deposits can form a source or be underground, contained in an aquifer.
Those that form fountains have been used since ancient times as thermal baths. In general, they tend to have relatively low flow rates.
The underground deposits serve to take advantage of the heat from the interior of the earth. Hot water or steam can flow naturally, by pumping or by impulses from water and steam flows.
There are other reservoirs in which the water comes out in the form of steam. In these, the use is direct to obtain mechanical energy through a turbine.
In dry deposits, there is an area under the ground, at not excessive depth, with hot materials or stones, in dry conditions. Water is injected through a perforation and it is recovered already hot by another, the heat is used, by means of a heat exchanger and is reinjected again.
What Is a Geyser?
A geyser is a special type of hot spring that periodically emits a column of hot water and steam into the air.
Geyser formation requires favorable hydrogeology that exists only in some parts of the planet, making them a rather strange phenomenon. There are about 1000 around the planet.
When Did Geothermal Energy Start to Be Used?
At the end of the 17th century the Earth was conceived as a molten mass with a solid crust as a consequence of its cooling. It was not until the 19th century that the first calculations of the age of the Earth based on its thermal evolution were made, and the term geothermal energy was first defined as the scientific discipline that studies terrestrial heat, the origin of this heat , distribution and use.
Precisely, the use of this thermal energy is what has led to the development of geothermal energy. This energy source makes it possible to take advantage of the heat energy of the Earth's interior in different applications using the laws of thermodynamics.Many beautifully landscaped Kirtland Hills lawns and gardens use mulch as a way to help trees and bushes grow, in addition to enhancing the appearance of the landscape. Tree service companies in Kirtland Hills, like Vancuren Tree Service, can supply mulch and help you use it in a beneficial way. But what is mulch and why should you consider using it?
Mulch is the material, organic or inorganic, that is placed over the surface of the soil. It can help maintain the soil’s moisture and pH, as well as improve its conditions. Experts say it is one of the best things you can do for your trees and lawn. It can help prevent water loss in the soil, minimize competition with weeds, and improve soil structure. It also enhances the appearance of lawns.
Mulch has many other benefits including:
However, when used improperly, mulch can be very damaging to trees and plants. Mulch helps soil retain moisture so there is not as much of a need to water trees; therefore, it is important to reduce watering. Excess moisture can cause stress and root rot. Too much mulch can also cause issues with the stem, insects, and diseases. It can also lead to micronutrient deficiencies and toxicities in the soil. Too much mulch can also create habitats for rodents that like to chew on bark. If the mulch is fine, too much can create a potting-soil like substance for weeds to thrive in. It may also cause an odor as it rots or ferments.
To avoid these problems, it is recommended to have your mulch 2 to 4 inches deep to avoid “mulch volcanoes” that cause these problems. Also, make sure to inspect the area where you would like to put mulch. Does it drain adequately? How will plants be affected by the type of mulch you are using? Also, check the mulch that is already present, if there is any. Perhaps instead of putting down new mulch, you just need to break up the matted layers to refresh its appearance, or pull back the mulch if it’s piled against the trees.
The type of mulch you choose is also important because different kinds of plants work better with different kinds of mulch. Mulch is broken down into two categories: organic and inorganic. Organic mulch is preferred by landscapers and is made of materials such as pine needles, wood chips, hard wood, soft wood, cocahulls, leaves, and compost mixes. Inorganic mulch includes stone, lava rock, pulverized rubber, geotextile fabrics. These are not as preferred as organic mulches because they do not decompose. However, they do not need replenished as often as organic mulches. Unlike organic mulches, though, it does not improve soil structure, add organic materials to the soil, or provide nutrients.
Mulch is something that can be very beneficial for your yard, garden, and trees, when utilized properly. Tree service companies in Kirtland Hills, like Vancuren Tree Service, can ensure that your yard has that well-maintained appearance, that gives your trees all the nutrients and care they need.
- Vic DiGeronimo, Jr.( Independence Excavating, Inc. Commercial Tree Removal (May 2017) )
VanCuren Services has been our “go-to” clearing contractor since 2009, tackling both residential and commercial projects across Northeast Ohio. Most notable project include ODOT Innerbelt Bridge, Cleveland Medical Mart and the NEORSD Superior Stones project. Dave and his crews are experienced professionals and perform each project with safety as a top priority. I can recommend them with confidence.
- Meghan( Gates Mills, Ohio Tree Removal May 2017 )
The precision in which VanCuren took down the dead trees around our home was amazing! The only way we knew VanCuren was there is that the dead trees were gone!
- Matt( Gates Mills, Ohio Land Clearing May 2017 )
The attention to detail in clearing our property in preparation of building our new home was impeccable!
- Lurlie( Independence, Ohio Tree Trimming and removal May 2017 )
I had a lot of tree trimming done and removals and I barely noticed the crew was at our house. They did their work quickly without interfering and cleaned up very nicely.
- Paul( Bainbridge, Ohio Tree Removal April 2017 )
VanCuren came to my house after I left for work and when I came home, all of tree removals and trimming were completed and the yard perfectly cleaned up. Very professional company.Biografia, vita, fatti interessanti di Alexander Calder - Luglio 2022
Illustratore
Compleanno :
22 luglio 1898
Morto il :
11 novembre 1976
Conosciuto anche per:
Scultore
Luogo di nascita:
Lawnton, Pennsylvania, Stati Uniti d'America
Segno zodiacale :
Leone
Alexander Calder è nato nel 22 luglio, nel 1898. Era famoso per il suo eccezionale talento come scultore. Nel corso della sua carriera, ha guadagnato il riconoscimento di essere uno scultore influente più nel 20 ° secolo. Grazie alle sue eccezionali capacità, i suoi lavori sono stati rapidamente riconosciuti e esposti al Museo di Arte Moderna situato a New York.
Primi anni di vita
Alexander Calder è nato il 22 luglio, nel 1898. La sua città natale era a Lawnton, in Pennsylvania.
carriera
Giovane Calder è nato in una famiglia di artisti. Suo nonno Alexander Milne Calder, per esempio, era un notevole scultore. Allo stesso modo, Alexander Stirling Calder, suo padre era anche uno scultore che ha ottenuto il riconoscimento per una serie di installazioni pubbliche che ha lasciato alle spalle di Filadelfia. È interessante notare che la madre di Calder ha anche affinato le sue capacità artistiche mentre lavorava come ritrattista professionista. Durante la carriera artistica di Calder, è ricordato soprattutto per aver inventato il cellulare. Numerose mostre su larga scala espongono le sue opere fino ad oggi.
Vita personale
Alexander Calder's i genitori si chiamavano Nanette Lederer e Alexander Stirling Calder.
Morte
Alexander Calder è deceduto 11 novembre, nel 1976. Morì all'età di 78 anni.Saint Patrick’s Day
Saint Patrick was a Christian missionary and a patron saint of Ireland. His birth name was Maewyn Succat but he changed his name after becoming a priest. He was not an Irish, as he was born in a Roman British family from Wales around A.D. 385. He is a saint of Catholic Church. He died on March 17, 461 A.D. so 17th March is celebrated as Saint Patrick’s Day. This day is a cultural and religious celebration in the Republic of Ireland.
Facts you didn’t know: –
- At the age of 16, Saint Patrick got kidnapped and sold as a slave by Irish raiders.
- He spent six years in captivity working as a shepherd. He managed to escape somehow at the age of 22.
- Wearing green has become a staple of St. Patrick’s Day but the original colour associated with Saint Patrick is blue.
- Saint Patrick banished the snakes from Ireland. Although the place never had any snakes as the weather is not suitable for cold-blooded reptiles.
- Beer is one of the most widely consumed beverages on the day.
- All these celebration would not complete without parades.
- The first parade took place in New York City in 1962. It is the largest parade in the entire world.
- Until 1970, Saint Patrick’s Day was celebrated as a dry holiday.
- One of the Irish traditions is to pinch someone who is not wearing green on this day.
- This day was actually started in 18th
- On this day, rivers are dyed green with vegetable dye in Chicago.
- Saint Patrick used three leafed shamrock to illustrate his teachings. Now Shamrock is viewed as a symbol of good luck.
- Saint Patrick is credited with bringing Christianity to the Irish people.
Cite This Page
You may cut-and-paste the below MLA and APA citation examples:
MLA Style Citation
Declan, Tobin. " Fun Facts for Kids about Saint Patrick’s Day ." Easy Science for Kids, Mar 2017. Web. 25 Mar 2017. < http://easyscienceforkids.com/facts-about-saint-patricks-day/ >.
APA Style Citation
Tobin, Declan. (2017). Fun Facts for Kids about Saint Patrick’s Day. Easy Science for Kids. Retrieved from http://easyscienceforkids.com/facts-about-saint-patricks-day/
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Sponsored Links :Voglio dipingere il soffitto del mio bagno, ma ci sono alcuni sanitari che non riesco a rimuovere e sarà molto difficile coprirli.
Quali preparazioni posso fare e cosa devo tenere a mente quando dipingo? C’è qualcosa che posso fare per evitare schizzi di vernice su mobili, pareti e pavimenti?
Il mio bagno è mostrato nell’immagine qui sotto. Non riesco a togliere le pareti della doccia, le luci sopra lo specchio o il wc (ovviamente). (È possibilerimuovere le pareti della doccia, ma non voglio farlo nel caso in cui rovescio qualcosa quando le rimonto)
Il soffitto è in cartongesso (anche se non credo sia di alcuna rilevanza).
Non esitare a modificare la mia grammatica/scelta delle parole.
Risposta 1, autorità 100%
Qualsiasi centro di bricolage vende due cose essenziali per questo: nastro adesivo e teli di plastica. Acquista una plastica sottile per le pareti e una più spessa per il pavimento (o, meglio ancora, usa un telo per il pavimento). Acquista nastro adesivo wide, è molto più facile usarlo per attaccare teli di plastica a pareti, porte doccia, ecc.
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Nastro e copri tutto. Ci saranno sicuramente schizzi, quindi copri ogni centimetro quadrato di ogni superficie. Ci vorrà solo mezz’ora o giù di lì, per un bagno di queste dimensioni, soprattutto se hai qualcuno che ti aiuti a stendere e appendere la plastica.
Basta appendere i fogli di plastica dalla parte superiore del muro al pavimento, coprendo completamente eventuali infissi attaccati al muro, ecc. Usa prima il nastro adesivo per imbianchire il foglio al muro, quindi usa una lunga striscia per coprire completamente l’area in cui il muro incontra il soffitto. Assicurati che i fogli si sovrappongano, in modo che ci sia una copertura completa.
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Copri completamente le pareti della doccia in vetro, da entrambi i lati. Ancora una volta, appendici sopra un foglio di plastica, attaccandolo con del nastro adesivo.
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Copri completamente il pavimento. Usa un telo o teli di plastica spessi. È preferibile un telo in quanto non è scivoloso e assorbirà eventuali schizzi di vernice o piccole fuoriuscite.
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Estrarre il rivestimento dei potlights. Di solito sono solo caricati a molla e si spengono se tiri un po ‘. Non è necessario rimuovere le luci del vaso e non coprirle completamente in modo che non si surriscaldino, ma estrai il rivestimento in modo da poter dipingere liberamente intorno ai loro fori.
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Usa un pennello per dipingere gli angoli e lungo il bordo del muro.
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Usa un’asta e un rullo per dipingere il soffitto (e indossa un cappello, altrimenti i tuoi capelli saranno pieni di schizzi di vernice. Non chiedere come faccio a saperlo).
Risposta 2, autorità 15%
Per ampliare un po’ la risposta di haimg.
Copri prima il pavimento, estendendo anche un po’ la copertura delle pareti per raccogliere le fuoriuscite. Quindi copri le pareti.
Il passaggio più importante è preparare la superficie da verniciare. Rottama e carteggia tutti i punti ruvidi.
Utilizzare un detergente, come borace o TSP per pulire eventuali residui.
Patch fori utilizzando un materiale in gesso. Pasta spackling non a base di gomma, che tende a restringersi.
Dopo che la superficie è liscia, applicare un primer antimuffa e antimacchia per consentire una copertura uniforme delle mani finali.شفق: تربیتبدنی حمایت نکند، تراکتورسازی را واگذار میکنم
مدیرعامل باشگاه تراکتورسازی گفت: اگر تربیتبدنی حمایت مالی نکند تراکتورسازی را واگذار میکنم.
ناصر شفق درباره شنیده هایی مبنی بر تغییر و تحول مدیریتی در باشگاه تراکتورسازی و احتمال واگذاری این باشگاه به استانداری عنوان کرد: با توجه به عدم حمایت از تربیت بدنی استان نسبت به باشگاه تراکتورسازی، اعلام کرده ام اگر این عدم حمایت ها ادامه داشته باشد باشگاه را واگذار می کنم.
وی افزود: سال اولی که وارد این باشگاه شدم بدون حمایت توانستم تیم را از دسته اول به لیگ برتر بیاورم. ظرف این هفته تصمیم گیری می کنم و نگران تیم هم نیستم.
شفق ادامه داد: سال اول می گفتند با یک مربی جوان این تیم به لیگ دسته دوم سقوط می کند. وقتی به لیگ برتر آمدیم گفتند با این یارگیری ها تیم دوباره سقوط می کند اما من کارم را بلدم و می دانم کی و چگونه یارگیری کنم و وارد هیاهو نمی شوم، چرا که سال قبل هم این تیم بدون حمایت آنچنانی و ریخت و پاش به بهترین شکل بسته شد.
مدیرعامل باشگاه تراکتورسازی تاکید کرد: از بستن تیم خیالم راحت است. با 5 بازیکن لیگ برتری صحبت کرده و به توافق رسیده ایم اما برای جلوگیری از سوء استفاده از ذکر نام آنها خودداری می کنیم. نمی خواهم اتفاقی که بین تراکتورسازی و هادی اصغری رخ داد تکرار شود. این بازیکن با من مذاکره کرد و بعد از اینکه قیمت خود را بالا برد با تیم دیگری با قیمت بیشتری قرارداد امضا کرد.Odalar temiz, yataklar rahat, ve bir buzdolabı ve mikrodalga. Resepsiyon personeli çok cana yakın ve servis hızlı. Bu, otoyola çok yakın bir yer alır ve gürültülü olabilir. McDonalds önünde otopark ve araçlar ve römorkları için bol park yeri. Para için makul değer, yine kalırım fiyatı kalır yan taraftaki Hampton Inn'den daha ucuz.
- Rezervasyon Seçenekleri:
- TripAdvisor, Travelocity, Expedia, Booking.com, Best Western, Cheap Tickets, Priceline, Agoda ve Hotels.com ile iş ortaklığı yapmaktan gurur duyar, bu nedenle BEST WESTERN Lindale Inn rezervasyonlarınızı güvenle yapabilirsiniz. Her zaman en iyi indirimler ve özel tekliflerle, her ay milyonlarca seyahat edene hem tatil hem de iş seyahatleri için yardımcı oluyoruz.原标题：哪些情况易造成新生儿低血糖？
今天，小编邀请了的新世纪妇女儿童医院的余医生来为大家讲解什么原因会导致新生儿低血糖？
新生儿低血糖症是新生儿的血糖低于所需要的血糖浓度。常发生于早产儿、足月小样儿、糖尿病母亲的婴儿，在新生儿缺氧窒息、硬肿症、感染败血症中多见。严重的低血糖持续或反复发作可引起中枢神经的损害。新生儿低血糖可以是一个独立的疾病，也可能是其他疾病的一个临床表现。
一、造成新生儿低血糖的原因
1.暂时性低血糖
（1）葡萄糖储存不足，主要见于①早产儿和小于胎龄儿：肝糖原储存主要发生在妊娠的最后3个月，因此，胎龄越小，糖原储存越少，糖异生中的酶活力较低；②围生期的应激反应：低氧、酸中毒时儿茶酚胺分泌增多，刺激肝糖原分解增加
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il tofu secco (come le torte di tofu secco che ho usato nel mio piatto portafortuna con dieci ingredienti) o sbriciolare il tofu normale? Anche il cavolo Napa, tritato finemente, è buono. Mi dispiace non posso essere di grande aiuto!
Jen, adoro gli gnocchi! L'unica cosa è che mangio solo frutti di mare quindi immagino che se elimino il maiale macinato, i miei potstickers non saranno altrettanto buoni. Come posso rendere umidi i miei gnocchi? Eventuali suggerimenti? Grazie.
ciao Jen! Ho passato la serata a preparare potstickers con ripieno vegetariano. la tua ricetta è magnifica! mi piace che l'impasto sia così semplice e così buono. ho fatto un grande lotto con le stesse verdure che usi ma all'incirca raddoppiate, più 2 confezioni di strisce di tempeh affumicato biologico & # 8211 brevemente in padella prima per consistenza e gusto, e poi tritate. ho anche usato olio di sesamo caldo che ha dato ai potstickers un bel calcio (se ti piace il piccante). ho fatto un lotto separato con gambi di piselli saltati in padella all'aglio (in realtà gli avanzi del cibo da asporto l'altra sera) mescolati con tofu, olio di sesamo, salsa di soia e un tocco di pasta di peperoncino all'aglio. entrambe le ricette erano fantastiche, ma quelle al tofu sono un po' insipide per i miei gusti. la prossima volta aggiungerò più pasta di peperoncino o l'olio di sesamo caldo. non ho fatto l'uovo crudo b/c volevo vedere se questi sarebbero stati buoni come vegani, e si sono rivelati COS deliziosi, nessun problema con il legame. grazie ancora per aver condiviso – non vedo l'ora di provare le altre tue ricette!
mamako – hmmm, immagino che potresti provare ad aggiungere un po' di grasso ai gamberetti? non sono sicuro di che tipo. ho avuto gnocchi nei ristoranti che sono porri e gamberetti cinesi e sono buoni da morire! ma non sono sicuro del grasso. magari aggiungi un po' di olio di sesamo e un po' di albume e guarda la temperatura per assicurarti che non brucino troppo velocemente?
nell' – grande! sono così felice che abbia funzionato e che ti sia piaciuto :)
[…] Non abbiamo fatto colazione la domenica fino all'ora di pranzo… Immagino che dovresti chiamare quel brunch… e anche allora tutto quello che abbiamo avuto è stato un semplice porridge. Ma a metà pomeriggio mi sentivo abbastanza bene da provare a fare da zero gnocchi con adesivo per pentole usando una ricetta meravigliosamente dettagliata che ho trovato la scorsa settimana! Non ha senso replicare la ricetta qui perché ciò che è importante (per me) di questa particolare ricetta sono i dettagli passo passo con le istruzioni fotografiche, il che lo rende molto lungo ma anche un ottimo tutorial! E penso di aver fatto abbastanza bene per un primo timer… assolutamente all'oscuro sì sono riuscito a fare gnocchi piuttosto gustosi! Alcuni dei quali sono ora nel congelatore perché la ricetta prepara un lotto piuttosto grande (circa 36 a seconda delle dimensioni) per solo 2 persone. Trovate qui la ricetta dei deliziosi ravioli cinesi fatti in casa. […]
Per Mamako,
In realtà ho fatto i gamberetti senza il maiale, ho usato più gamberetti e ho aggiunto un cucchiaio o giù di lì di olio di arachidi (è piuttosto insapore e non brucia facilmente) Non ho usato albume e ho aggiunto 1/2 tazza di germogli di bambù per 1/2 delle castagne d'acqua, altrimenti seguiva la ricetta di Jen. (Mio marito si lamenta sempre che non riesco a fare nessuna ricetta senza cambiare qualcosa)
Stupendo! Sono felice di sapere della variazione e spero che fossero buone!
[…] ha trovato una ricetta di ravioli cinesi dal blog ‘Use Real Butter’. Ho detto a Mei di non fare gli gnocchi oggi e abbiamo comprato il cibo di cui abbiamo bisogno per fare […]
Il tuo sito web è fantastico. Tutte le tue ricette sono così dettagliate e non vedo l'ora di provarle tutte!
Grazie mille per aver postato tutte le tue delizie.
Adoro i tuoi gnocchi di gamberi. Ieri finalmente ho fatto lo gnocco con la pelle e tutto il resto. Senza le tue istruzioni passo passo i miei gnocchi probabilmente sembreranno qualcos'altro. Tornerò a casa a giugno nel mio paese a Giacarta, in Indonesia. Penso che mia madre sarà orgogliosa di me!!
Grazie ancora! Adoro il tuo sito web.
Ho cercato su Google “dumpligs” e ho trovato questo post! Wow, è una grande Jen pittorica! Questi sono di gran lunga i migliori gnocchi di riferimento che ho trovato! Sono così belli e sembrano davvero buoni!
Insegniamo un corso di cucina con gnocchi e parleremo ai nostri studenti del tuo post qui!
WoRC – grazie tesoro. Non sapevo che aveste tenuto un corso di ravioli! Ma quanto è figo?! :)
Non solo amo il tuo stile di cibo. AMO anche le tue foto. Sembra così delizioso! Ho anche provato a fare delle foto al mio cibo, quindi so che è abbastanza difficile…
Spero che vada bene quando ti inserisco nel mio blogroll?
Saluti adorabili!
Sumpfhexe – cosa sicura. Grazie e sono felice che ti piaccia il blog!
Sì, la voce è stata lunga ma FAVOLOSA, soprattutto perché ha rafforzato la maggior parte di ciò che sto facendo. La differenza principale è che io uso pollo macinato e a volte niente carne di alcun tipo. Mi rendo conto che questo probabilmente non è “Kosher”, ma una volta aggiunto olio di sesamo, salsa di soia e coriandolo fresco ha un ottimo sapore. Inoltre, faccio le seguenti modifiche: tofu fresco, zenzero fresco, castagne d'acqua dolce, senza amido di mais. Il mio sembra non averne mai bisogno. tengono insieme benissimo!
L'ho preso come un grande sforzo culinario, quindi la mia famiglia mi ha assecondato mangiandoli almeno 3 volte a settimana. In origine (circa 10 anni fa) la mia vicina di casa la signora Shao mi ha insegnato a farli, ma avevo sempre paura di provare a fare l'impasto. Ci sarebbe voluto tutto il pomeriggio e aveva la sensazione di un'ape trapuntata. Abbiamo sempre fatto abbastanza per sfamare la famiglia e poi congelare qualche dozzina. Una cosa, la signora Shao ha rinunciato a insegnarmi a "piegare" l'impasto. Seguirò le tue indicazioni perché anche dopo averle lette solo una volta, capisco perché non riesco a farlo (comincio sempre il pizzico alla fine invece che al centro.
La mia preoccupazione principale è che tipo di padella usi se stai facendo adesivi per pentole? La signora Shao usava sempre il tefflon. Sebbene l'antiaderente non sia la mia preferenza, gli adesivi per pentole cuociono e si dorano meravigliosamente. Cosa usi?
Georgia – Io uso una padella antiaderente. Sono contento che tu abbia trovato utile la voce :)
Oh mio Dio. Ho appena fatto questi [ripieni di maiale]. Erano santi dannatamente favolosi. Non riesco a pensare ad aggettivi migliori da usare. Non li ho mai mangiati prima, tranne forse una o due volte in ristoranti cinesi a caso, e sono un cuoco alle prime armi. Ma erano perfetti! Non erano tutti perfetti, ma il mio ragazzo li ho mangiati con un'insalata e non potevi schiaffeggiarci il sorriso sulle facce. . Li rifarò domani per il mio compleanno in ritardo/festa olimpica e sono solleticato dal fatto che farò qualcosa di cinese da solo per le Olimpiadi di Pechino. Adoro il tuo blog. Questi sono totalmente fattibili per tutti. Ho aggiunto alcune carote che erano nel mio frigorifero, dal momento che sono in Messico da un semestre di studio all'estero e non riuscivo a trovare facilmente germogli di bambù. Ho anche vissuto attraverso il lancio dell'acqua nella parte della padella. !
Grazie! non potrebbe essere più felice. sul serio. eccezionale.
Marisol – yay! Sono davvero felice che tu abbia avuto una così bella esperienza. È laborioso, ma non è così difficile da fare. Buon per te e buon compleanno in ritardo!
Ho fatto il tuo impasto per gnocchi ed era molto buono, grazie. Ho semplificato un po 'le cose stendendo i fogli di pasta con il mio rullo/taglierina per pasta Atlas e li ho arrotolati allo spessore n. 2 e ho ritagliato i cerchi con un bicchiere e li ho messi sotto un involucro di plastica e ho messo i cerchi su una teglia. ogni strato con pellicola trasparente. Quindi, usando un piccolo cucchiaio di meetball, metti il ripieno su ciascuno e li pizzichi, ha funzionato benissimo. Non ho ancora usato il tuo ripieno perché avevo dei crauti avanzati e costolette affumicate e carne di maiale con cui li ho riempiti. Lessate poi rosolate nel burro.
Ecco una foto dell'impasto.
grazie ancora,
Jon
http://i186.photobucket.com/albums/x41/Jackitup1/gnocchi.jpg?t=1220064852
Ciao, quello che mi preoccupa è che nessuno dice che tipo di farina usare per gli gnocchi. Come fate a saperlo? Voglio fare dim sum e non riesco a trovare una ricetta per fare i pancake da riempire. Qualcuno può aiutarmi per favore. Saluti. Jean.
La farina normale va bene. Ho usato la farina ad alto contenuto di glutine perché è quella che ho in giro per fare la pizza e il pane. Darà un po' più di una consistenza più gommosa che mi piace comunque.
Jon
Jon è fantastico! Sembra che tu stia per diventare un professionista.
Jean – scusa amore, sono stato fuori con una malattia per un po'. Io uso solo la farina per tutti gli usi – funziona alla grande.
[…] usa burro vero » Blog Archive » gnocchi cinesi e… Mi hai ispirato a fare i potstickers fatti in casa. Ciò consente ai potstickers di asciugarsi e diventare croccanti. Ho passato la serata a preparare potstickers con ripieno vegetariano. Per servire: servire gnocchi o potstickers caldi con la vostra scelta di combinazioni di salsa di immersione. Mi preoccupo sempre che il mio piatto possa volare e frantumarsi sul pavimento in mezzo a potstickers caduti in cui il cane si tufferebbe immediatamente Ma è … […]
Meraviglioso! Oggi ho fatto la mia prima infornata di ravioli. Purtroppo, non ho trovato questa ricetta fino ad ora (e ho finito, lol)
Ho scoperto che fare gli gnocchi richiede molto tempo! Sembrano così semplici, che bugia!
Ho usato involucri per wonton e sembravano orribili. Ho improvvisato un ripieno di gamberetti che aveva un buon sapore (ma non per niente buono) Ho provato a friggerli, ma non era giusto così li ho bolliti. Sono venuti bene. Brutto, ma va bene. Non erano per niente come gli gnocchi che il mio amico mi preparava.
Quindi ora che ho questa ricetta nei miei segnalibri impazzirò e farò abbastanza per durare questo inverno!
Grazie molte! :)
Sara – Buona fortuna con la ricetta. Sono sicuro che realizzerai fantastici adesivi per pentole!
Jenyu! WOW – Vorrei aver trovato il tuo sito web secoli fa! Ho provato e riprovato a fare gnocchi cinesi per i miei bambini e mio marito pazzi per il cibo cinese. Non funzionano mai/non escono mai bene/hanno un sapore sgradevole/sono troppo gommosi/si rompono ecc. Il tuo sito web è completo di foto vivide. istruzioni dettagliate e passaggi di base sono una manna dal cielo – Per la prima volta la mia famiglia ha davvero apprezzato gli gnocchi cinesi fatti in casa!!
Pollice su !
Pilastro
Pillar – grazie e buon per te!
Sono quasi pronto per provare la tua ricetta meravigliosamente dettagliata (una volta che avrò un buon mix di farina AP senza glutine), ma una domanda veloce per te – La lista degli ingredienti per il ripieno di gamberi dice crudo, ma nelle tue foto sembra come se fossero stati leggermente cotti. Che è migliore?
Quando avrò il coraggio di provarlo davvero, ti farò sapere com'è la versione senza glutine…
Jim – oh, mi dispiace. Quei gamberi sono rosa quando sono crudi (sono i gamberetti rosa …), quindi sembrano leggermente cotti, ma in realtà sono crudi – sicuramente li tieni crudi. Buona fortuna!
Nessun problema e grazie per aver risposto così velocemente. Sono rigorosamente un ragazzo della East Coast, e ho visto solo quelli grigi prima d'ora, quindi ho pensato di chiedere prima di bruciare un lotto…
Ottima ricetta per jiao.zi. Vivevo a Taiwan e adoravo mangiare piatti di ravioli dopo il lavoro. Semplice e molto soddisfacente.
È strano, però. Vivo qui a San Francisco e la maggior parte dei ristoranti cinesi che fanno gli gnocchi fa la buccia in modo che sia troppo spessa. Per niente delicato. Certo, non vogliamo che gli gnocchi si sfaldino, ma dovrebbe esserci un equilibrio. Presumo che i ristoranti utilizzino "pelli" prodotte in serie e acquistate in negozio. Ad ogni modo, farina e acqua hanno fatto il trucco per noi. Non erano quasi belli come i tuoi, comunque.
Comunque, adoro il tuo sito web. Grazie per i consigli e le foto sono fantastiche.
(A proposito, ho notato quella che sembrava una foto di Taiwan sul tuo blog. Ci sei stato.)
Ricetta meravigliosamente descritta e illustrata! Dovrò provare il tuo metodo di pieghettatura – Ho fatto solo potstickers/gnocchi un paio di volte, ma li ho fatti tondi e raccolti nella parte superiore. È stato più facile perché nessuno mi ha mostrato come piegarli. Avevano ancora un buon sapore, ma richiedevano molto lavoro! Penso che sia meglio fare un grande lotto e congelarne alcuni per un uso successivo.
Li ho fatti solo con carne di manzo e vorrei provare con gamberi/maiale. Posso usare i gamberetti salati (fermentati) che vengono in un barattolo? Li ho avuti per molto tempo e non so come usarli. Sono così piccoli che non avrebbero bisogno di essere tagliati a cubetti. Dovrei regolare la salatura, ma se faccio principalmente carne di maiale con forse 1/4 di gamberi per insaporire potrebbe funzionare…?
Sam – grazie! Hmm, non sono mai stato a Taiwan, quindi è improbabile che ne avrò una foto.
Leela – Teoricamente puoi usare qualsiasi cosa negli gnocchi, ma per il ripieno di gamberi/maiale che preparo – fresco è davvero molto diverso dai gamberi fermentati salati. La consistenza e il sapore saranno completamente diversi, ma potresti comunque provarlo.
Grazie! per la ricetta. Li ho fatti e vengono benissimo. Tutti li amano! È un'ottima ricetta. Grazie per le foto e per tutti i consigli.
Una domanda, conoscete la ricetta dell'impasto dei wonton? Grazie
Cristina – buon per te! È fantastico e sono così felice che tu abbia avuto successo. Sfortunatamente, non ho mai preparato i wonton prima, quindi non ho una ricetta per l'impasto :(
Grazie, Jen! Recentemente sono diventato dipendente dai ravioli cinesi, ma stava diventando un'abitudine costosa! Ho fatto il mio primo oggi usando la tua ricetta e mia moglie e mia figlia di 3 anni hanno pensato che fossero meravigliosi. Ho anche usato le bacchette per mescolare l'impasto e sono venute benissimo. Lo sperimenterò molto. Grazie mille.
Eddie è fantastico da ascoltare e fantastico che alla tua famiglia siano piaciuti. Sei molto molto benvenuto. Buon lavoro!
Li farò oggi per il capodanno cinese! Speriamo che siano buonissimi!
Red – buona fortuna e spero che tu goda i frutti del tuo lavoro.
Ehi, adoro le tue ricette. Soprattutto questo! Mi sono divertita a realizzarlo per il mio ragazzo e la sua famiglia!
Ho anche scolato gli gnocchi e lo uso per Hotpot. Grandi cose e li adoro! Bellissime anche le foto!
Oh! le istruzioni sono così semplici e sembra delizioso. Proverò questa ricetta per la famiglia. Grazie. :)
Ciao, è tutta la mia vita che seguo la ricetta degli gnocchi della mia famiglia. Oggi mi sono ribellato alla mia tradizione di famiglia scoprendo la tua deliziosa ricetta, che sembra piena di sapore. In precedenza, ho usato metà della quantità di ingredienti vegetali, che trovavo i miei gnocchi troppo densi e dal sapore carnoso. Non vedo l'ora di passare la domenica di questo fine settimana a preparare gnocchi con questa ricetta nuova e migliorata.
Grace – Sono l’m lusingata! Spero che gli gnocchi vi piacciano.
Prova a stendere l'impasto con una macchina per la pasta. Funziona come un incantesimo sull'impostazione 5.
Sandy – In realtà non mi piace uno spessore uniforme per il mio impasto – Li arrotolo in modo che i centri siano un po' più spessi dei bordi, cosa che potrebbe essere difficile ottenere con una macchina per la pasta. Sono comunque un maniaco del controllo)
domanda: cosa succede se gli gnocchi si attaccano al fondo della padella? ho usato una generosa quantità di olio e dopo che è diventato ben dorato (e non si è attaccato), ho aggiunto l'acqua, coperto e sono tornato qualche minuto dopo per trovare gli gnocchi attaccati alla padella. c'era ancora un po' d'acqua, quindi ho aspettato che fosse tutto cotto, ma gli gnocchi sono rimasti bloccati. la nostra padella fa schifo, è un antiaderente con molte parti non più antiaderenti. Ero così stufo, ho raschiato via quello che potevo e ho buttato via la padella. comprato uno nuovo. tutto vestito. williams sonoma. ma mi chiedo, ho sbagliato
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humility. It is being big enough to say, “I was wrong.” And, when right, the mature person need not experience the satisfaction of saying, “I told you so.”
Maturity is the ability to make a decision and stand by it. The immature spend their lives exploring endless possibilities; then they do nothing.
Maturity is the art of living in peace with that which we cannot change, the courage to change that which should be changed — and the wisdom to know the difference.چهارشنبه ۳ مهر ۱۳۹۸ – ۱۱:۰۱
تحلیل تکنیکال
از دید تکنیکال، اونس طلای جهانی از اطراف نرخ ۱۲۷۵ دلاری رالی صعودی آغاز کرده و در طول سه ماه و نیم تا نرخ ۱۵۵۵ دلاری صعودی کرده است. این رالی از اواخر ماه مه در قالب کانال صعودی بوده است. بازار بعد از دو بار برخورد به ۱۵۵۵ دلاری، موفق به شکست آن نشده و در نتیجه قیمت طلا تا نرخ ۱۴۸۵ دلاری کاهش یافته است. اخیراً حرکات قیمتی بازار در الگوی نموداری مستطیل محدود شده بودند. در گزارش روز گذشته، به معامله گران پیشنهاد شده بود که معامله خرید طلا را باز نگه دارند.
در ادامه اونس طلا توانست نرخ ۱۵۲۵ دلاری را بشکند و در نتیجه تا کل ارتفاع مستطیل یا نرخ ۱۵۳۵ دلاری حرکت کند. از آنجایی که بازار بالای میانگین های متحرک نمایی ۲۰۰ و ۲۰ (خطوط قرمز و نارنجی رنگ) قرار دارد و هم چنین در کانال صعودی چهار ماهه معامله می شود، می توان گفت هنوز هم احتمال افزایش قیمت طلا وجود دارد. اگر بازار نرخ ۱۵۳۵ دلاری را بشکند، می توان انتظار افزایش قیمت طلا تا مقاومت اصلی ۱۵۵۵ دلاری را داشت که در این میان معامله گران می توانند معامله خرید طلا را باز نگه دارند و حد ضرر معامله را در نرخ ۱۵۲۵ دلاری قرار دهند.Creatinine level is the first and important measurement to check kidney function. Once creatinine level is higher than normal, there is serious indications in kidney damage. So patients are eager to know what does creatinine 1.4 mean?
Creatininie is a waste product that is formed in the body during the process of energy production in the muscles. Creatinine mainly comes from the protein we eat foods and is excreted out of body by the function of glomerular filtrate function. Creatinine level gets elevated when the kidneys fail to excrete this waste product properly. High creatinine level can be caused by major underlying health problems like high blood pressure, diabetes, dehydration.
The most important point for patients is to know how to reduce the elevated creatinine in blood.
The health diet is important for patients to slow down kidney disease. The foods that include plenty of fresh fruits, vegetables, whole wheat and barley into your diet. The protein requirement of the body can be met with lettuce, cabbage, carrots, cucumber. The herbs likfe dandelion, cinnamon have been proved to effective to reduce high creatinine level.
Patients must stay away from the foods like red meat, fish, dairy products due to high protein content. The foods that are almonds, peanuts, beer, eggs whites also can control high creatinine level.
Patients also need to pay attention to avoid strenuous exercises, because strenuous exercise can help promote the creatine to convert into creatinine.
However, the most fundamental way for patients to reduce high creatinine level is to repair glomeruar filtrate function. The natural treatments in Shijiazhuang Kidney Disease Hospital have been proved to be effective in improving kidney function. Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy not only can help patients reduce high creatinine level, but also can improve kidney function. This is a application used externally. More importantly, the renal experts also made a specific treating plan for each one you, if you want to know more details about the natural treatments as well as treating plan, you are welcomed to send email to [email protected] or leave a message below.
Leave your problem to us,You will surely get the free medical advice from experts within 24 hours!Since the Republic of Turkey was founded on the social and economic heritage of the Ottoman Empire, it inherited a heavy burden of debts and an economic structure that had been based completely on agriculture.
Areas of economic value remained outside the border of the new Republic.
Economic policies were geared to spreading private ownership of land, appropriating land for landless farmers and migrants, protecting domestic production by customs policies and refraining from external borrowing.
New laws were also introduced and banks as well as financial institutions were founded.
Positive economic developments produced new policies including statism. Under the statist policies, the private sector was not excluded from the national economic scene but was supported.
Public corporations were also developed to handle general daily needs. These corporations were owned either partly or completely by the state and were called State Economic Enterprises (KIT in Turkish), and whilst being an autonomous body were for the public’s benefit.
Another problem for Turkey was World War II. Although Turkey did not take an active part in the war, a major part of the country’s natural resources were allocated to defense. This caused production to fall, external trade relations to be stopped and therefore new extraordinary measures had to be introduced. After World War II, a new capitalist system, which derived from America, was dominant in the world. During this period, America was giving credit to Western European countries. This played an important part in the reconstruction of their economies. Under this framework Truman’s Doctrine and the Marshal Plan (1947-1948) were developed to help the European countries against the Soviet threat. Turkey was one of the countries receiving aid and as a result became a member of the IMF (International Money Fund) and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization).
During the years that followed, democratic improvements and radical changes made way for the introduction of a liberal economic system.
Demand for exported Turkish products, particularly agricultural, grew considerably during this period. The Korean War contributed to this demand.
During the second half of the 1950s the economy reached a stalemate.
According to the 1961 Constitution, economic planning became a legal requirement and as a result The State Planning Organization was established. Five-Year-Development Plans started to play an important role from 1963 onwards.
A package of economic stability measures which came to be known as the January 24 Decisions was introduced in 1980, when Suleyman Demirel was Prime Minister and Turgut Ozal was holding an important and leading position in The State Planning Organization. The main aims of the package concentrated on foreign trade and economic liberalization.
After the military coup of 1980 the Armed Forces recognized the January 24 Decisions. This was the point at which Turgut Ozal came onto the political scene as he had been responsible for designing the package. When Turgut Ozal became Prime Minister, he used many novel ideas in order to integrate Turkey with the rest of the World on an economic basis. The main achievement was the introduction of a free market economy. He represented liberal tendencies and often said, “you can never make rivers flow in the opposite direction”.
Following the same path from 1993 onwards, the Prime Minister Tansu Ciller tried to overcome the deficit in the budget by putting emphasis on the privatization of State Economic Enterprises in international markets, the prevention of inequality in the tax system and reducing the rate of inflation (70% a year).
In 1994 Turkey suddenly started to loose economic stability and the Ciller Government, through emergency measures, was forced to introduce another package of policies known as April 5 Decisions.
This new package required that extra taxes were collected from the rich, and non-profitable State Economic Enterprises were shut down.
In order to obtain international support, Turkey suggested that there are two types of Islamic countries. The first is traditional and fundamentalist while the second, of which Turkey is a leading member, is more modern in its outlook. If Turkey, for any reason, cannot succeed, it will mean victory for the fundamentalists which could be seen as an important threat for the Western world.
Turkey is an associate member of the European Union and has been applying for full membership since 1987. Numerous reasons and excuses have been used by the EU committees to postpone full membership, however, the first step towards the EU was taken with the Customs Union in January 1996.
Economic Daily Life
Standard of Living
The legal minimum salary is $400-420. The percentage of the population living below the national poverty line is around 16%. The average income for a 4-people family was calculated to be around 14,750 USD in 2012.
Since 2002 GDP per capita has tripled from 3,492 USD to 10,782 USD in 2013. According to Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) GNI per capita surpassed 18 thousand USD in 2012.
Some examples for life standards:
- Cell phone penetration rate in households: 93.7% (2013)
- Internet access rate in households: 49.1% (2013)
- Internet access rate in enterprises: 90.8% (2013)
- PC penetration rate in households: 30.5% (2013)
- Laptop penetration rate in households: 31.4% (2013)
- Digital camera penetration rate in households: 28.1% (2013)
- Printer penetration rate in households: 14.0% (2011)
Income Tax 25-40%
In January 2014, unemployment rate was 10.1% and seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was 9.1%. In 2013, unemployment rate was 9.7%.
Seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Euro Area was 11.9% and 10.6% in (EU28) in February 2014. In terms of unemployment ratio Turkey outperformed 14 EU countries according to this data.
After Russia, Germany, England and France, Turkey has the 5th largest labor force among the European countries. (2012, World Bank)
Institutions for Social Insurance
There are three big social security institutions established by the state, and all of these have been merged to give the same services.
- The Retirement Trust (Emekli Sandigi)
- The Social Insurance Board (Sosyal Sigortalar Kurumu)
- The Social Insurance Board for small businessmen, craftsmen and others (Bag-Kur)
There are also Private Insurance Companies.
Women and men can retire after working between 7000 and 9000 working days, not before the age of 58 for women and 60 for men. Until 204, this age limit will be increased to 65.
Because the size of families has become smaller and urbanization problems have arisen, people have started to live in apartment blocks in the urban areas and in smaller houses in the rural areas. Generally apartments have 3 bedrooms with an average surface area of 100 m² / 120 yd². In larger cities apartments are more expensive to own with, the minimum price being about $50,000-100,000 USD. The average citizen cannot easily afford such a price even with the help of a mortgage. Renting is a possibility, or good fortune may mean inheriting an apartment.
The housing problem increased in the 1960s and the Mass Housing Fund was established in 1980. The fund gave credit to construction cooperatives and many people became the owners of their own apartments by forming these cooperatives.
Nearly half of the people living in big cities rent their flats rather than own them. The average rent is $500-750 a month. In smaller cities, flats are less expensive and more people own their houses or apartments. The proportion of people who rent their houses nationwide is 40%. Some of these people, who work for the state, live in apartments which belong to the state and they pay a very small amount of rent. There is also a large group of people who live in their relatives’ houses in which case they either do not pay rents or pay minimum amounts.
These include mining, the production of vehicles (cars, buses and trucks), cement, construction, lumber and petroleum products, iron and steel, cotton, textiles, leather goods, fertilizers, beer, wine and foodstuffs.
Turkey is one of the world’s leading shipbuilding nations.
These include petroleum products, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, plastics, iron and steel, vehicles, vehicle parts, machinery, mechanical appliances, precious stones, precious metals, minerals, optical and photographic appliances.
Total imports to Turkey are valued at about 251.7 billion US Dollars (2013).
These include iron and metals, machinery, vehicles, vehicle parts, boilers, mechanical appliances, precious stones, precious metals, minerals, plastic, chemicals, cement, ceramics, glass, cotton, textiles, leather, agricultural goods, tobacco, fruits, and foodstuffs.
Total exports from Turkey are valued at about 151.9 billion US Dollars (2013).
Turkey is believed to be rich in a wide variety of mineral deposits which are mostly governed by the state sector. Relatively few of these have been exploited on a large scale. This is due to a lack of domestic capital for exploration and exploitation, political pressure that has discouraged wide-scale investment from abroad, and inadequate processing facilities.
Agriculture and Farming
Agriculture accounts for less than 10% of the GNP, although it employs 25% of the national labor force.
Turkey’s total land
|30%||forests and brushwood|
|6%||swamps, river beds, rocks and water surfaces|
Agricultural production is generally carried out by small family enterprises in Turkey. 5% of the farm land belongs to the large enterprises and 95% to smaller concerns.
77% of the cultivated land produces grain with wheat ranking as the first. Wheat is common all over the country except in the Black Sea Region. Barley ranks as second, corn is third. Corn requires humid weather conditions during summer time, so the Black Sea Region is very suitable for its growth.
Vegetables account for 62% of agricultural production. Lentils, chickpeas and beans are common. Broad beans and peas also grow in Turkey but on a smaller basis. Chickpeas grow in Central Anatolia, broad beans in western parts and lentils especially in Southeastern Anatolia. The growing of potatoes has recently increased.
Industrial vegetables such as cotton, flax, sesame seeds and opium poppies have been grown for a long time in Turkey, but since the industrial developments after World War I new industrial vegetables such as sugar beet, sunflower seed and tea have also been produced.
Tobacco is grown in the Aegean, Marmara and Black Sea Regions. Soybeans are grown in the Mediterranean. Many kinds of fruit are grown in most parts of the country.
In 2013, 22,050,000 tons of wheat, 7,900,000 tons of barley, 5,900,000 tons of corn, 1,523,000 tons of sunflower, 2,250,000 tons of cotton, 16,483,306 tons of sugar beets were grown in Turkey.
Turkey is the world’s largest producer of hazelnuts, cherries, figs, apricots, quinces and pomegranates; the second largest producer of watermelons, cucumbers and chickpeas; the third largest producer of tomatoes, eggplants, green peppers, lentils and pistachios; the fourth largest producer of onions and olives; the fifth largest producer of sugar beet; the sixth largest producer of tobacco, tea and apples; the seventh largest producer of cotton and barley; the eighth largest producer of almonds; the ninth largest producer of wheat, rye and grapefruit, and the tenth largest producer of lemons.
Animal husbandry has considerable potential for Turkey. In parts of the country where agriculture and farming are limited, people make their living with animals, especially in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia. Generally, traditional techniques are used, and the results are not as satisfactory when compared to modern countries.
Because Turkey is surrounded by different seas on three sides, and has numerous lakes and rivers there is a big seafood potential. Unfortunately, because of the primitive techniques that are used, production and consumption of seafood per person is below the world average.
Anchovy, small mackerel and bonito are the most common fish in Turkey. The major freshwater fish are carp and trout. Besides fish, mussels and shrimps are also abundant.
Overfishing and water pollution are two problems for Turkey.
Forestry and Plants
Large areas in the South, West and Northwest are covered by Mediterranean vegetation, consisting mainly of thick, scrubby underbrush in the lowlands and deciduous or coniferous forests at higher altitudes up to the timberline. The humid northern margins of the country are the most densely wooded regions of Turkey. On the eastern Black Sea coast there are subtropical forests. The Anatolian interior is a region of steppes. Forests of mostly oak and coniferous trees exist only on the elevated areas.
The forest areas comprise of 26% of the total area of Turkey.
|58%||Irregular and infertile|
|39%||Real forest areas for production|
|1.5%||National parks (21 in total)|
99.8% of the forests belong to the state. Much of the wood harvest is burned and used for energy. Forests in Turkey are very rich regarding plant types. As a country with different climates and different ecosystems, Turkey has a tremendously rich flora and fauna.
The number of species of flowers in Turkey is approximately 9,000, out of which 3,000 are endemic, whereas in Europe there are 11,500 species.
Increasing population, developing industries, larger residential areas and unregulated hunting have been causing the destruction of natural resources which has a negative effect on wildlife.
Throughout the country today there are 120 species of mammals, 439 birds, 130 reptiles and 345 fish. Many of these species are very rare.
Turkey is rich in wild animals, insects and game birds. Wolf, fox, wildcat, lynx, jackal, marten, hyena, bear, deer, gazelle, boar, mountain goat, snake, scorpion, spider, beaver are among the animals still found in secluded and wooded regions. Major game birds are partridge, wild goose, quail and bustard.
Indigenous animals found in Anatolia include shepherd dog from Kangal, White Cat of Van region, and Tiftik Kecisi (Angora goat) from Ankara (Angora). Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita) from Birecik is extinct.
Turkey is not so rich in mining. The mines are divided into three categories: Metals, industrial raw materials and energy raw materials.
The main metals are copper, lead, zinc, mercury, iron, chrome, aluminum, gold and silver. Industrial raw materials
|
8,450 | 4 | 3 |
atmak öz güven eksikliğinin işareti olsa da kolları önünde birleştirmek kişinin kendisini iletişime kapattığını ifade eder.
- Çeneyi kenetlemek ya da sıkmak. Eğer çeneni ileri doğru çok fazla hareket ettirir ya da sıkarsan dışarıdan ukala ya da düşmanca görülebilirsin.
- Çok fazla yer kaplamak. Bu erkeklerde kadınlara göre daha fazla görülür ama gerektiğinden fazla bir yer kaplayan beden dili öz güvenden ziyade ukalalık olarak algılanabilir. Kendini rahat hissetmek için ihtiyacın olan kadar yeri kullan ama diğerlerinin alanını ihlal etme.
İpuçları
- Ukalalık üstünlük, elitizm, küstahlık veya kendini beğenmişlik gibi hisleri içerebilir. Eğer bunların herhangi birini yaşıyorsan girişken iletişim ve aktif dinleyicilik yoluyla gerçek bir bağ kurmak yerine insanlara ukala görünme riskine girersin. En deneyimli girişken konuşmacıların dahi yoldan çıktıkları ve tekrar yollarına dönmeleri gereken zayıf bir anı olabilir; bunda hiçbir sorun yok, sadece bunu yoluna döndürmeye çalışman yeterli.
- Girişken iletişim içerisinde açıklık ve diğerlerine saygı göstermek sıklıkla mükemmel sonuçlar verse de yaklaşımın ne olursa olsun iş birliğine yanaşmayan kişilerle karşılaşman da mümkün. Sadece kendi davranışını kontrol edebilirsin, bu nedenle kibar girişkenliğini devam ettir ve diğer kişinin sorun yaratmasını göz ardı etmeye çalış.
- Eğer görmek istediğin ilerlemeyi gösteremezsen özel bir girişkenlik eğitimi almayı düşünmek isteyebilirsin. Birçok danışman ve terapistin yanı sıra toplum sağlığı uzmanları da bunu önermektedir.
Referanslar
- ↑ http://www.cci.health.wa.gov.au/docs/Assertmodule%202.pdf
- ↑ http://socialwork.buffalo.edu/content/dam/socialwork/home/self-care-kit/exercises/assertiveness-and-nonassertiveness.pdf
- ↑ http://www.cci.health.wa.gov.au/docs/Assertmodule%202.pdf
- ↑ http://www.thebusinesswomanmedia.com/angry-shrill-and-pushy-the-female-leader/
- ↑ http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2010/02/25/building-assertiveness-in-4-steps/
- ↑ http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2010/02/25/building-assertiveness-in-4-steps/
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/stress-management/in-depth/assertive/art-20044644?pg=2
- ↑ http://counsellingservice.eu/tell-the-difference-between-assertive-passive-and-aggressive-behaviour
- ↑ https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/passive-aggressive-diaries/201406/passive-aggressive-vs-assertive-behavior-in-relationships
- ↑ http://www.mtstcil.org/skills/assert-3.html
- ↑ http://www.npr.org/blogs/ed/2015/02/23/386001328/how-we-talk-about-our-teachers
- ↑ http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/19/living/women-cheerful-leaders/
- ↑ https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/tame-your-terrible-office-tyrant/201305/how-be-assertive-not-aggressive
- ↑ http://www.mindtools.com/CommSkll/ActiveListening.htm
- ↑ http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/eye_contact_dont_make_these_mistakes
- ↑ http://www.positivityblog.com/index.php/2008/05/05/six-steps-to-become-assertive-and-nice/
- ↑ https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/think-well/201009/feeling-angry-or-guilty-maybe-its-time-stop-shoulding
- ↑ http://www.cci.health.wa.gov.au/docs/Assertmodule%202.pdf
- ↑ http://www.cci.health.wa.gov.au/docs/Assertmodule%202.pdf
- ↑ http://www.psychologicalselfhelp.org/Chapter13/chap13_21.html
- ↑ http://www.cci.health.wa.gov.au/docs/Assertmodule%202.pdf
- ↑ http://www.cci.health.wa.gov.au/docs/Assertmodule%202.pdf
- ↑ http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/eye_contact_dont_make_these_mistakes
- ↑ http://www.businessinsider.com/the-right-body-language-to-use-2013-8
- ↑ http://www.gp-training.net/training/leadership/assertiveness/bodylang.htm
- ↑ http://socialwork.buffalo.edu/content/dam/socialwork/home/self-care-kit/exercises/assertiveness-and-nonassertiveness.pdf
- ↑ http://www.cci.health.wa.gov.au/docs/Assertmodule%202.pdf
- ↑ http://www.cci.health.wa.gov.au/docs/Assertmodule%202.pdf
- ↑ http://www.compasstraining.com/Documents/ExampleHandouts/Facilitation/AskingNonThreateningQuestion.pdf
- ↑ http://www.cci.health.wa.gov.au/docs/Assertmodule%202.pdfرییس هیات عامل صندوق نوآوری و شکوفایی از صدور یک روزه ضمانت نامه برای شرکت های دانش بنیان اطلاع داد و گفت: تاکنون شرکتهای دانش بنیان برای دریافت ضمانت نامه باید 40 مرحله را طی می کردند، ولی با تعاملی که با بانک ها انجام شده است، این زمان را به یک تا چهار روز کاهش دادیم.
به گزارش خبرگزاری اقتصادایران ، دکتر علی وحدت در نشست خبری امروز (دوشنبه) با اشاره به این که این صندوق بر اساس قانون حمایت از شرکت های دانش بنیان مصوب سال 89 ایجاد شد، افزود: در قانون حمایت از شرکت های دانش بنیان بر افزایش ظرفیت اقتصادی برای صندوق نوآوری و شکوفایی تاکید شده است تا از این طریق بتوان از فعالیت های شرکت های دانش بنیان حمایت کرد.
وی تأمین خدمات اقتصادی، مشارکت و سرمایه گذاری خطر پذیر و حمایت از تجاری سازی را از مأموریت های این صندوق نام برد و یادآور شد: بر این اساس رویکرد جدید صندوق بر خروج از حالت انفعال به حالت فعال و ایجاد اکوسیستم نوآوری و فناوری است. بر این اساس برنامه هایی را برای توسعه حمایت از شرکت های دانش بنیان در دستور کار داریم.
وحدت در ادامه تعداد شرکتهای دانش بنیان را در سال 92 حدود 50 شرکت دانست و خاطر نشان کرد: در حال حاضر این تعداد به بیش از چهار هزار شرکت بالغ شده است و ما نیز در این مدت کوتاه که در صندوق نوآوری و شکوفایی مستقر شده ایم، فعالیت های خود را گسترش داده ایم.
رئیس هیأت عامل صندوق نوآوری و شکوفایی، یکی از نقاط ضعف این صندوق را مراجعه شرکت ها به این صندوق و ارائه درخواست بوده است، یادآور شد: با توجه به ظرفیت های ایجاد شده در این صندوق سعی شده است تا با سایر نهادها به سمت برطرف نیازمندی های شرکت ها اقدام کنیم. بر این اساس ابزارهای جدید اقتصادی برای توسعه حمایت از شرکت ها را در دستور کار قرار داده ایم که طراحی های اولیه در این زمینه انجام شده است و امیدواریم که با معرفی این ابزارها نیازهای اقتصادی شرکت ها مرتفع گردد.
وحدت، طولانی بودن اعطای تسهیلات را از دیگر نقدها وارده به این صندوق دانست و اظهار کرد: با کوشش های انجام شده زمان ارائه تسهیلات به دو تا سه ماه کاهش یافته است.
وی در بخش دیگری از صحبت های خود با اشاره به افزایش دو برابری میزان مصوبات این صندوق، خاطر نشان کرد: علاوه بر این در حوزه صدور ضمانت نامه نیز برنامه ریزی های جدیدی انجام شده است، به گونه ای توانسته ایم مدت زمان اعطای ضمانت نامه را به چهار روز کاهش دهیم.
به گفته رئیس هیأت عامل صندوق نوآوری و شکوفایی هر یک از شرکتهای دانش بنیان برای دریافت ضمانت نامه باید 40 مرحله را طی می کرد، ولی در دور جدید فعالیت های این صندوق با پذیرش پوشش ریسک صندوق به میزان پنج درصد موجب شده است تا زمان صدور ضمانت نامه به چهار روز کاهش یابد.
وحدت همچنین یادآور شد: در صورتی که شرکت دانش بنیانی حد اعتباری لازم را در صندوق شکوفایی و نوآوری تعیین نموده باشد، صدور ضمانت نامه یک روزه خواهد بود.
* محورهای فعالیت صندوق نوآوری و شکوفایی
رئیس هیأت عامل صندوق نوآوری و شکوفایی ارائه تسهیلات، سرمایه گذاری و ارائه خدمات توانمندسازی را از حوزه های کلیدی کاری صندوق نوآوری و شکوفایی نام برد و در این باره شرح داد: در حوزه ارائه تسهیلات و تجاری سازی برنامه جدی برای تعامل با بانک ها داریم که از آن جمله می توان به ارائه یارانه سود تسهیلات اشاره نمود.
وی کاهش تصدی گری و برون سپاری حداکثر خدمات با تکیه بر صندوق های پژوهش و فناوری را از دیگر حوزه های صندوق شکوفایی و فناوری نام برد و تاکید نمود: در این راستا ما تا 9 برابر سرمایه صندوق های پژوهش و فناوری به این صندوق ها اعتبار می دهیم. ضمن اینکه سه برابر آن تسهیلات و 6 برابر خط اعتباری صندوق های پژوهش و فناوری به آنها تسهیلات خواهیم داد.
رئیس هیأت عامل صندوق نوآوری و شکوفایی در عین حال بازارسازی و یاری به شکل گیری بازار داخلی، توسعه صادرات دانش بنیان، توسعه زنجیره ارزش و شبکه تأمین دانش بنیان، مشارکت فعال در توسعه فناوری های جدید و جریان ساز و تمرکز بر حل مسائل و چالش های ملی و راهبردی را از روینمودهای جدید صندوق نوآوری و شکوفایی در حوزه توسعه اکوسیستم و نوآوری نام برد.
* حمایت از لیزینگ شرکت های دانش بنیان
رئیس هیأت عامل صندوق نوآوری و شکوفایی در ادامه اعطای لیزینگ به محصولات دانش بنیان را از دیگر خدمات صندوق نوآوری و شکوفایی نام برد و در این باره افزود: با توجه به مسائل موجود در کشور و اعمال تحریم ها در حال حاضر توجه به محصولات داخل شده است، از این رو ما همکاری را با وزارت بهداشت، برای خرید تجهیزات ساخت داخل آغاز کردیم که در این راستا حمایت های لیزینگ برای خرید تجهیزات ساخت داخل اعطا می گردد.
وی همچنین از تهیه بسته های یاری به صادرات اطلاع داد و در این باره گفت : در این راستا بسته های اقتصادی برای حضور شرکت ها در نمایشگاه های بین المللی، یاری هزینه برای پذیرش هیأت های خارجی و پوشش هزینه های تاییدیه های بین المللی در نظر گرفته شده است.
وحدت از افزایش مصوبات این صندوق اطلاع داد و گفت : بر اساس برنامه ریزی های انجام شده از زمان آغاز فعالیت در این صندوق به میزان دو هزار میلیارد ریال طرح مصوب شده است که این میزان برای حمایت از 300 طرح بوده است.
* رویکرد صندوق نسبت به شرکت های خصولتی
رئیس هیأت عامل صندوق نوآوری و شکوفایی در خصوص فشار شرکت های خصولتی برای دریافت تسهیلات صندوق نوآوری و شکوفایی، اظهار کرد: ما اعتقاد داریم که اگر نهادهای شبه خصوصی و خصولتی وارد طرح هایی که ما آنها را طراحی نموده ایم، شوند و بتوانند نیازهای جامعه فناوری کشور را مرتفع نمایند، بد به نظر نمی رسد. مشروط بر این که این شرکتها موجب توسعه فناوری در کشور و تحرک بخشی به سایر شرکتهای دانش بنیان شوند.
وی با اشاره به این که تسهیلات این صندوق برای شرکت های دانش بنیان است، افزود: ما باید زمین رانت را در خصوص تسهیلات قطع کنیم که این از روینمودهای ما است.
* معوقات شرکت ها به صندوق نوآوری و شکوفایی
وحدت به میزان معوقات شرکت های دانش بنیان اشاره نمود و گفت : میزان معوقات این شرکت ها 15 درصد است.
رئیس هیأت عامل صندوق نوآوری و شکوفایی میزان تسهیلات اعطا شده به شرکت ها را 200 میلیارد تومان ذکر کرد که از این میزان 15 درصد اعطا شده جزو معوقات شرکت های دانش بنیان است که تاکنون این تسهیلات پرداخت نشده است.
وی افزود: این معوقات به دلیل تقاضای شرکت ها برای استمهال وام بوده است.
* همکاری صندوق با معاونت علمی وفناوری ریاست جمهوری
وحدت با تاکید بر این که این صندوق حتماً با معاونت علمی و فناوری ریاست جمهوری همکاری خواهد داشت، در این باره گفت : در این مدت نیز ما همکاری هایی با این معاونت داشتیم. چرا که معتقد هستیم در اکوسیستم نوآوری که اجزای مختلفی وجود دارد، باید این را پذیرفت که نمی توان هر یک از این اجزا مستقل عمل نمایند.
وی در عین حال با تاکید بر این که این صندوق از حیث برنامه ها شأن و استقلال خود را دارد، ادامه داد: همکاری ما با این معاونت برنامه محوری است.منبع: اقتصاد ایرانCork is a pretty extraordinary material and that is why it has so many uses. The key to cork’s many properties is its honeycomb cell structure. Each cell is a 14-sided polyhedron filled with air with an extremely strong and flexible membrane that is waterproof and airtight. Cork bark is in fact about 89% air, giving it a very low density, but when it is compressed the air is not squeezed out, because the cell membranes will not release it, which is why it will return to its original shape when the compression is removed.
The amazing cell structure of cork gives it the following much sought after properties:
Elastic and Resilient: The flexibility of the cork cell membranes are extremely flexible, compressible and elastic, so it will always tend to return to its original shape, no matter what sort of pressure it is put under. This makes it a fantastic product to use for bottle stoppers, because even after years of compression in the neck of a bottle, it still retains its elasticity so maintaining an airtight seal. You will see this when you remove a cork from a bottle that it will instantly swell back to its original size, making it difficult to fit back into the bottle, no matter how old the bottle is.
Light: Cork’s low density means that it floats on water; moreover the fact that is has such strong watertight cell membranes means that it will not absorb water and gain density/mass in humid conditions. That is why for example it is the perfect product to use for fishing floats.
Insulation: Cork gives a very low conductivity of heat, sound and vibration, mainly because the cell honeycomb structure means that it is made up of lots or tiny, sealed pockets of air which give it incredible insulation properties that are also very durable. In its natural form, cork is also a very good fire retardant, although cork dust is actually extremely flammable (because here the cell structure has been broken down).
Impermeable: Cork has a magic chemical in its cell membrane that makes it completely impermeable to liquids and gases. This chemical is a mixture of fatty acids and heavy organic alcohol called suberin, which as well as rendering cork impermeable also stops it from rotting or degrading over time.
Durable: Cork is extremely durable and has a high friction coefficient, so will survive repeated impact or rubbing extremely well. This means that it can be used for example in cork shoe soles or for industrial applications that require high levels of resistance.
Hypoallergenic: Cork does not absorb dust, so is ideal for use by people who suffer from allergies or asthma. The fact that cork flooring and cork wall coverings are very easy to clean, also add to its hypoallergenic properties.Zee Media Bureau
New Delhi: A comet strike that hit our planet a long time ago could have initiated the ancient warming event, says a new research.
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a rapid warming event may have been caused by an accumulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide 56 million years ago, suggests new research.
Sorting through samples of sediment from the time period, researchers discovered evidence of the strike in the form of microtektites -- tiny dark glassy spheres typically formed by extraterrestrial impacts.
"This tells us that there was an extraterrestrial impact at the time this sediment was deposited -- a space rock hit the planet," said corresponding author Morgan Schaller, Assistant Professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York.
"The coincidence of an impact with a major climate change is nothing short of remarkable," Schaller said.
In recent years, PETM has become a major point of interest for scientists as it is perhaps the best past analog by which to understand impacts of global climate warming today.
(With IANS inputs)Manchester City e Inter si affronteranno quest'oggi (ore 21.00) nella finale della Champions League 22/23, ma non sarà l'unica sfida della serata. All'interno del match troveremo infatti anche diversi confronti o duelli individuali, con uno su tutti naturalmente a spiccare: quello tra Erling Haaland e Lautaro Martinez.
Entrambi saranno naturalmente titolari, al centro dell'attacco delle rispettive squadre. Due stagioni entusiasmanti per tutti e due fino a questo momento: chi riuscirà a suggellare il tutto con la coppa dalle grandi orecchie?
Haaland vs Lautaro Martinez: statistiche e curiosità
- Erling Haaland ha realizzato 12 gol in questa edizione 22/23 della Champions League, record condiviso con Ruud van Nistelrooy nel 2002-03 con il Man Utd, per un giocatore di un club inglese. Il classe 2000 non è riuscito a segnare nelle ultime due presenze nella competizione e non è mai arrivato a tre sfide senza rete. L'ultimo norvegese a segnare in una finale di Champions League è stato Ole Gunnar Solskjær nel 1999 con la maglia del Manchester United.
- Lautaro Martínez ha segnato quattro reti in cinque finali giocate con l’
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1: You may want to ask some more simplistic questions before these questions.
Note 2: In these questions, it would probably be helpful to point out "ideas" that students tend to have problems understanding. For example, in the first question, you could point out this type of energy is related to a nonliving thing and/or that electrical energy causes "things to happen."
- In a light bulb, for example, how does electrical energy become light?
(Electrical energy excites the atoms in the filament, which in turn radiate excess energy as light.)
- Compared to the amount of electrical energy that goes into the light bulb, how much is actually emitted as light? More than, less than, or equal to the initial quantity?
(Less, because while energy cannot be created or destroyed, some energy is also radiated as heat.)
Using the How Batteries Work student esheet, students will go to How Batteries Work on the How Stuff Works site. The student esheet will instruct students to answer these questions. When students have finished, discuss the answers with the class.
- What are the two terminals of a battery, and which way do electrons flow?
(The two terminals are negative and positive. Electrons flow from negative to positive.)
- Where might we see the same reactions that occur in batteries in our daily lives?
(Wherever an electrolyte—any substance which can transfer electrons—touches two different types of metals, a reaction occurs. The difference may not be great—in fact, small impurities within a metal may cause electrons to move from one section of the metal to another, with one section acting as the positive terminal, and the other as the negative terminal. This reaction leads to corrosion—the gradual destruction of a metal by chemical means. When iron is oxidized, it rusts [e.g., an outdoor nail]; when silver is oxidized, it tarnishes [e.g., real silverware]; when copper is oxidized, a green coating forms on the surface [e.g., plumbing]. Yet another example is in our own mouths, when aluminum foil comes into contact with dental fillings, a mixture of several different metals. The "tingle" one may feel is actually a small electrical current! Feel free to mention rusting as an example. Rusting involves a transfer of electrons from the iron which rusts to either another metal or even another point on the iron. This is the same type of reaction that occurs in a battery!)
Using the student esheet to guide them, students will perform the Lemon Battery experiment found at the Hila Science Camp website. Pass out the Lemon Battery student sheet to students before they go online. Instruct students to follow the directions on the sheet to make their own lemon batteries.
Students should work in pairs to make a single lemon battery. Then, the student pairs should form larger groups to test batteries comprised of more than one lemon. After students have conducted the activity, review the questions on the student sheet with the class. You can refer to the Lemon Battery teacher sheet for answers to the questions.
Ask the students these questions about the Lemon Battery experiment:
- What role does the lemon itself play in the battery?
(The lemon is the electrolyte, which transfers electrons from the nail to the penny.)
- Which of the following fruits would make good electrolytes, and which would not: bananas, limes, tomatoes?
(Bananas would make poor electrolytes due to lower acidity. Tomatoes and limes would make good electrolytes due to high acid contents.)
Ask students to write down what they felt was the main point of this lesson. Ask students to share. The purpose of this lesson is to increase students' understanding of electrochemistry by helping them understand electron transfer and its role in chemical changes better.
Follow this lesson with the third lesson in The Transfer of Energy series: The Transfer of Energy 3: Rust and Corrosion.
Experiments in Electrochemistry on the Fun Science Gallery site contains other activities that can be used to reinforce or further develop the ideas in this lesson.ترجمه شده توسط سایت خبری تلکسیران - جهان
GETTYPierre Emerick Aubameyang هنوز هم بخشی از برنامه های Borussia Dortmund است می گوید Peter Stoger Pierre Emerick Aubameyang شده است برای پیوستن به آرسنال به عنوان جایگزینی برای منچستر یونایتد متصل الکسیس سانچز گفته می شود که برنده گفت قرارداد سه سال و نیم با درآمد توپچی ها در حدود 170 هزار پوند در هفته کارگردان دورتموند مایکل زورک ادعا کرد که اوبامایانگ در این تیم حضور نخواهد داشت تا فردا شب برای کمک به پاک کردن سر او در Hertha برلین قرار بگیرد. او در تمرین در دورتموند شرکت کرد و ما احساس کردیم که او 100 درصد ذهن ما را متمرکز نکرده است. ما او می گوید اگر این به او کمک کند وضعیت او دشوار خواهد بود و مدیر پیتر استجر، باشگاه آلمانی، پیشتر ادعا کرده بود که روزنامه گابن بین المللی هنوز بخشی از برنامه های خود است و هیچ تغییری در کارکنان شنیده نمی شود. مقالات مرتبط Pierre Emerick Aubameyang به آرسنال در شک نیست Pierre Emerick Aubameyang سه و نیم سال قرارداد آرسنال را تقدیم GETTYBorussia Dormtund رئیس پیتر Stoger در نظر دارد به K در حال پخش پیر ارویک آوبامایانگ بود. او برای ما چند روز طول نکشید. او گفت: "ما چند روز گذشته گفتگو خوبی داشتیم. اگر چیزی تغییر نیافت، گزینه ای برای فردا هست. من به اوبامایانگ گفتم که می خواهم از او ببینم او همه چیز را در تمرین Nbsp به دست می آورد. در پایان روز به او برای واجد شرایط بودن برای تیم و انجام آنچه لازم است بخشی از آن را انجام می دهد ldquo تا من می شنوم وجود دارد تغییر شخصی او بخشی از برنامه های من rdquo روابط بین دورتموند و آرسنال این هفته پس از آنکه آرسن ونگر از نظر مایکل زورک، مدیر ورزشی عذابآور، اظهار نظری کرد، صحبت کرد. سرمربی توپچی ها مهاجم را مطرح کرد و پیشنهاد کرد که مسائل انضباطی او نادیده گرفته شود و زورک با بیان اینکه ونگر به او توجه کرده است، کسب و کار خود چگونه آرسنال می تواند با Pierre Emerick AubameyangMon در تاریخ 15 ژانویه 2018 پیاپی Emerick Aubameyang گزارش شده است که توسط آرسنال جایگزین الکسیس سانچز، اما در کجا او در بازی SlideshowGetty Images1 از 11GK Petr Cech var pictureLinkTpl تصاویر عکس 2222 3333 1111 var oldThumbUrlTpl https cdn images express co uk img گالری های پویا 116x87 id jpg var newThumbUrlTpl https cdn images express co uk img گالری های پویا 64x64 id jpg برای var i در o شست اگر من 6 شكستم انگار انگشت شست دستم را بردارم اگر من 0 آیتم jcarousel فعال jcarousel آیتم horizontal jcarousel item thumb position jcarousel item thumb position horizontal image href imageLinkTpl replace 1111 thumb id replace 2222 thumb gallery_id replace 3333 thumb gallery_slug var src newThumbUrlTpl if thumb largestimage 517x var src oldThumbUrlTpl img class loaded src src replace id id thumb id alt thumb alt title عنوان thumb عنوان عرض عرض انگشت کوچک ارتفاع انگشت یک لی ldquo ما فکر می کنیم این عدم توجه است که شما با بازیکنانی که برای تیم دیگری بازی می کنند مشارکت می کنید. رئیس دورتموند گفت: هیچ ارتباطی با آرسنال ندارد. ما می توانیم فرض کنیم که آرسن ونگر به اندازه کافی فکر می کند که در مورد آن صحبت کند آرسنال در دیدار با آرسنال قرارداد آرسنال و آرسنال را به امضا رسانده است.Also found in: Acronyms, Wikipedia.
the largest banking concern in the Federal Republic of Germany.
The Deutsche Bank was founded in Berlin in 1870 with a capital stock of 15 million marks. The bank absorbed dozens of other banks; among these was the Disconto-Gesellschaft, a major bank taken over in 1929. The Deutsche Bank played a significant role in the development of German imperialism and in the financing of fascist aggression. Together with the Dresdener Bank, the Deutsche Bank participated actively in the plunder of countries occupied by the fascists.
With the help of the Western powers, ten regional successor banks were established in 1947 based on existing branches of the Deutsche Bank in West Germany. The new banks were permitted to operate only within the boundaries of their respective states. In 1952 the entire territory of the Federal Republic of Germany was divided into three banking regions—north, west, and south—and in place of the previous ten successor banks to the Deutsche Bank, three banks were formed accordingly: the Northern Deutsche Bank, the Western Deutsche Bank, and the Southern Deutsche Bank. In 1957 these were merged into a single bank.
The Deutsche Bank is the nucleus of the financial group that includes the following concerns: Siemens, Mannesmann, Klöckner, Haniel, Hoeschst, Henkel, Reemtsma, Horten, DEMAG, BASF, Bayer, Allianz, and Glanzstoff. This group includes the leading electrical engineering, metallurgical, machine-building, chemical, and mining concerns, as well as the largest trading and insurance monopolies. The enterprises owned by concerns belonging to the financial group headed by the Deutsche Bank employ more than 1 million production and service workers, with total annual sales in excess of 100 billion marks (as of late 1971). The group controls about one-third of all the country’s outstanding capital shares.
The Deutsche Bank is closely tied to the Morgan, Rockefeller, Warburg, and Kuhn and Loeb banking groups in the United States and to the Rothschild group in a number of Western European countries. The Deutsche Bank has long-standing ties with the largest financial group in France, which is headed by the Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas, as well as with Dutch and Belgian monopoly capital. In 1970 the bank participated in 24 credit institutions within the country and 21 abroad. The main office of the Deutsche Bank is located in Frankfurt am Main.
By the end of 1972, total capital of the Deutsche Bank had reached 640 million marks, compared with 200 million marks in 1957. During these years, the bank’s total balance increased from 8.4 billion marks to 40.2 billion, deposits rose from 7.1 billion marks to 37.1 billion, and discounted bills and loans rose from 6.3 billion to 31.9 billion marks.
V. N. SHENAEVWhere to look for extraterrestrial life
The universe may be teeming with life, but we have yet to find any beyond Earth. These are the best prospects, says Stephen Fleischfresser.
You may have noticed that there are not a lot of aliens around. Which is weird, because many scientists think there should be life all over the universe. There’s even a formula called the Drake equation which tells us it probably exists.
However, alien life doesn’t have to be intelligent to be exciting. Any evidence of life elsewhere in the universe would be an amazing discovery! As we learn more about space, planets, chemistry and biology, we get more clues as to where we should be searching. Here are some of the places where scientists think we might find extraterrestrial life.
1 | ENCELADUS
Enceladus, named after a giant in Greek mythology, is actually a smallish moon of Saturn. It’s only 500 km in diameter, and when compared to Saturn’s largest moon Titan, with a diameter of 5,000 km, it seems pretty tiny.
Enceladus was discovered by the English astronomer William Herschel in 1789, but all he could really see was a dot through a telescope. For a very long time that’s all anyone knew, and most people thought this little moon was totally boring.
But in the 1970s NASA launched the Voyager spacecraft missions and they revealed a rather pretty, and surprising, icy world. Importantly the surface of Enceladus, composed of thick ice, was made up of different regions - some were very young, and some were very old. This told scientists that there were active geological processes going on.
In 2005, NASA’s Cassini spacecraft gave us a whole new outlook when it discovered huge spouts of salty water vapour, mixed with sand and simple organic compounds of carbon and hydrogen, venting from Enceladus’ surface. This led scientists to think that there must be a huge sub-surface ocean that is kept warm by some sort of energy source. In 2017, scientists confirmed the presence of hydrogen molecules which suggests the presence of hydrothermal vents in the moon’s ocean.
Taken together, this means that Enceladus is probably the most exciting place in the solar system to look for life.
PS. There’s another moon very similar to Enceladus orbiting Jupiter, called Europa. It too could support life, but its icy surface is much thicker than Enceladus’, making it difficult to investigate.
2 | TITAN
Titan is Saturn’s largest moon. It’s half as big again as our moon. It’s huge! It also has a thick atmosphere and is the only other place in the solar system to have lakes and rivers. Perfect!
But there are a few problems. The atmosphere is mostly nitrogen, the lakes and rivers are made of liquid methane and the temperature is almost -180°C.
So perhaps, not so perfect after all.
Just like Enceladus, Titan was visited by the Voyager probes, but unfortunately, they couldn’t see much through the thick, hazy atmosphere first noted by its discoverer in 1655, the Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens.
Once again, the Cassini spacecraft came to the rescue. It arrived at Saturn in 2004 and landed a probe, appropriately called Huygens, on Titan’s surface in 2005. The probe, together with radar mapping from orbit, revealed another young and geologically active world with a possible sub-surface ocean.
Subsequent research has revealed the presence of many different kinds of complex organic molecules, a number of which are necessary for life as we know it. Some scientists have suggested that life might be hiding in the oceans below or in the lakes and rivers, but it is so cold on Titan that anything living there might be very different from life on Earth.
3 | MARS
Mars has always been fascinating to Earthlings. It is one of only three planets, along with Venus and our own world, at just the right distance from our sun to make it a likely place for life. Scientists call this the ‘habitable zone’ because it is possible for planets, with the right atmosphere, to have liquid water on their surfaces.
We know that Mars has water, but it’s mostly frozen in polar ice caps, which were first seen by Herschel. We also know that millions of years ago Mars probably had the right sort of conditions for life as we know it.
In the 1970s NASA’s Viking landers reported that Martian soil had been exposed to water and nutrients and that lots of carbon dioxide was given off, just as it would if bacteria in the soil were alive. Then, in 2018, the Curiosity rover discovered organic compounds in the soil. Indeed, the recent discovery of organisms that eat hydrogen in Antarctica, where conditions are much like Mars, has boosted hopes of finding life.
So that’s it for the solar system. But what about planets orbiting other stars in the galaxy, known as ‘exoplanets’? Unfortunately, we know a lot less about exoplanets because they’re so far away, but astronomers have worked out that there are lots of them that might be able to sustain life. Let’s take a look.
4 | TRAPPIST-1 PLANETS
Forty light-years away is a tiny star known as TRAPPIST-1. It’s a red dwarf star, which is the most common type of star in the galaxy. Orbiting this little lukewarm star is not one, but seven rocky planets. All of these planets are a good size, with the smallest being about half the size of Earth and the largest being one fifth larger than our own world.
What’s weird is that they are all so close to their tiny star, with at least three in the star’s habitable zone. While some argue that only one of these could really sustain life, TRAPPIST-1 offers some great opportunities for future research.
5 | PROXIMA CENTAURI B
Discovered in 2016, the closest rocky exoplanet to Earth is Proxima Centauri b. If you were travelling at light-speed it would take you four years to get there.
Proxima b, as it’s also known, is in the habitable zone of the orbit of the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri and so has fairly mild surface temperatures. It’s between 1.5 and three times the mass of Earth and is known as a ‘super-Earth’ planet.
Unfortunately, Proxima b’s star is extremely active and the surface of the planet gets blasted by roughly 30 times more UV radiation than the Earth and is constantly bombarded by a huge stream of gas known as a ‘stellar wind’. This wind would have ripped away any atmosphere that Proxima b might once have had. Nonetheless, life might survive beneath a planet’s surface, and because Proxima b is so close to Earth, scientists are excited to learn more about it.
6 | ROSS 128-B
This is the most recently discovered exoplanet in a habitable zone and might be the most exciting of them all.
The star Ross 128 is 11 light-years away and doesn’t emit much radiation, making it one of the friendliest places for life that scientists have found outside our own solar system.
In orbit around this small, gentle star is a rocky exoplanet known as Ross 128-b. The planet is 1.3 times larger than Earth and 20 times closer to its sun. But because Ross 128 is so quiet, the planet would probably be warm rather than hot. Scientists estimate that although Ross 128-b is only just inside the habitable zone, it might well have surface temperatures ranging from 21°C to -60°C. While that might be on the chilly side for us, there are plenty of lifeforms, particularly microorganisms, who would think that’s balmy. Although there is still much to discover about Ross 128-b, it’s probably the best place to look for life outside our own cosy corner of the Milky Way.以1.3公里的路程贯穿柏林,是世界上最大的
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ه کشمکش قدرتهای منطقه ای مجبوراست که انجام دهد. قطر با دعوت کردن از ترکیه در حال تنوع بخشی به ائتلافهای امنیتی خود است. این اقدام قطر دلالت بر این دارد که به ترکیه بیش از ایران اعتماد دارد که بیانگر وجود مشکلات مهم و عدیده در فرهنگ امنیتی منطقه است. از دیدگاه ترکیه تاسیس یک پایگاه نظامی در خلیج فارس ارزشهای نمادین زیادی دارد. این امر دسترسی ژئوپلیتیک ترکیه را به منطقه که عملاً بعد از نابودی امپراتوری عثمانی از بین رفته بود را گسترش میدهد.
*بعضی معتقدند که توافق نظامی کشورهای حاشیه خلیج فارس با قدرتهای فرامنطقه ای نشانه ناکارآمدی مکانیزم نظامی مشترک شورای همکاری خلیج فارس است. نظر شما در این باره چیست؟
همانگونه که اشاره کردید مولفه اصلی دینامیک ایران-شورای همکاری خلیج فارس است که خصمانه است. به علاوه قطر مراقب اهداف عربستان سعودی هم هست. قطر به عنوان کشور کوچکی در نظام بین الملل تقریبا مجبور است که شراکت های امنیتی خود را تنوع ببخشد. همیشه در یک ترکیب امنیتی پای یک ابر قدرت در میان است. اما به منظور جلوگیری از وابستگی بیش از حد به یک جناح، کشورهای مثل قطر در منطقه بی ثباتی مثل غرب آسیا همیشه در پی شرکای امنیتی گسترده تری هستند. سوال واقعی این است که چرا ایران بخشی از این ترکیب امنیتی در غرب خلیج فارس نباید باشد. دستگاه دیپلماسی ایران باید روی این موضوع با حل مناقشات فزایندهی خود با عربستان سعودی کار کند. به خاطر ماهیت شبکه ای نظام بین الملل امروز، دوران سیاست قدرت سخت به سر آمده است و دیپلماسی اساس توسعه تحولات ملی و منطقه ای است. از اینها گذشته ایران بدون تعامل با منطقه نمی تواند موفق باشد و همینطور منطقه هم بدون حضور ایران به توسعه و پیشرفت دست نمی یابد.
*در حال حاضر نظم امنیتی خلیج فارس بر مبنای نظم و ثبات هژمونیک آمریکا است و از طرفی دیگر شاهد چرخش تمرکز سیاستهای آمریکا از خاورمیانه به سوی آسیا هستیم. آیا حضور نظامی بعضی از کشورها در منطقه مثل ترکیه،فرانسه و بریتانیا به معنای آن است که آمریکا قصد دارد حضور نظامی خود را در خلیج فارس کاهش دهد؟
آمریکا نیازی ندارد برای حفط منافع ملی خود در خاورمیانه منطقه را تحت سیطره نظامی خود داشته باشد. دهه ۱۹۷۰ را به خاطر داشته باشید بر اساس نظم دو ستونی نیکسون، قدرتهای منطقه ای مثل شاه ایران و عربستان سعودی وظیفه تامین و تقویت منافع آمریکا (از طرق مختلف مثل سرکوب جنبشهای مارکسیستی، تامین امنیت جریان آزاد نفت و مهار انقلابها) را داشتند. اما یقینا آمریکا از وارد کردن برخی از کشورهای عضو ناتو از قبیل بریتانیا، فرانسه و ترکیه در این خصوص بهره می برد چرا که آنها سهیم در منافع آمریکا هستند. بعد از جنگ فاجعه بار عراق در سال۲۰۰۳ نخبههای سیاسی حاکم بر ایالت متحده آمریکا دریافته اند که قدرت نظامی منجر به دستاوردهای استراتژیک نمی شود. آمریکا سال ۲۰۰۳ در جنگ از نظر نظامی پیروز شد اما از منظر استراتژیک در عراق و جاهای دیگر بازنده بود. آمریکا تبدیل به یک قدرت پسااستعماری، کاملا خسته از جنگها و کشمکشهای بین المللی شده است. در آمریکای لاتین، در آسیای شرقی و حتی در آفریقا قدرت آمریکا رو به افول است. فقط در آسیای غربی و شمال آفریقا مردم هنوز حساسیتهایی به آمریکا دارند و اینها بقایای ذهنیت استعماریست. واقعیت این است که آمریکا در حال عقب نشینی نظامیست برای اینکه هم نظام بین المللی معاصر دیگر از جنگها حمایت نمی کند و هم این کشور نمی تواند از پس هزینه های سنگین جنگهای خارجی خود برآید.
*ترکیه می گوید که قصد دارد پایگاه نظامی دیگری در سومالی بسازد و چین هم قرار است پایگاهی در جیبوتی بسازد. توافق آمریکا با جیبوتی برای پایگاه نظامیاش به پایان رسیده است. بر اساس این واقعیات می توان گفت آمریکا قصد دارد وظیفه تامین امنیت تنگه باب المندب را به متحدینش از جمله ترکیه واگذار نماید؟
با توجه به اینکه ترکیه عضو پیمان آتلانتیک شمالی(ناتو) است، این کشور در خصوص زیرساختهای نظامیاش تحت نظارت آمریکا فعالیت می کند. تمامی استراتژیست های دریایی اهمیت تنگه باب المندب را می دانند. اما همانطور که اشاره شد وقتی آمریکا به متحدان خود اعتماد کرده است دیگر نیازی به تسلط نظامی مستقیم بر این منطقه ندارد.
باب المندب به زبان عربی یعنی دروازه اشکها. امیدوار باشیم که نظامی سازی این نقطه مهم استراتژیک در نقشه بین المللی آن را تبدیل به دره اشکها برای مردم منطقه نکند. مردم منطقه حقیقتا از هیچ یک از این تحولات ژئوپلیتیکی که عمدتا خارج از کنترل آنها هستند نفعی نبردهاند.
*با در نظر گرفتن تمامی تحولات از قبیل ایجاد پایگاه نظامی در منطقه توسط فرانسه، بریتانیا و ترکیه آینده نظم امنیتی خلیج فارس را چطور می بینید؟ آیا تامین کامل این امنیت می تواند با حذف ایران و عراق بدست بیاید؟
خیر. همانطور که مکررا در این صفحات و در کتاب «سیاست بین المللی در خلیج فارس» خودم گفتم، هر معماری امنیتی در منطقه باید فراگیر باشد. کشورهای حاشیه خلیج فارس باید اولین پیش برندگان این نظام امنیتی باشند، چرا که آنها هستند که بالاترین سهم را در حفظ صلح دارند. بازیگران خارجی هم می توانند به این ترکیب اضافه شوند اما تاکید می کنم که وارد کردن بازیگران خارجی باید بر اساس اجماع باشد. چندین بار هم در رسانه های ایرانی و هم آمریکا مثل CNN خواستار ایجاد سازمانی برای صلح و همکاری در غرب آسیا و شمال آفریقا شدهام. من به عنوان یک روشنفکر به دنبال انجام مسئولیتم در خصوص ایده هایی برای برقراری صلح هستم. این کار من است. این وظیفه تصمیم گیران است تا ایده های صلح را تبدیل به سیاست کنند. آیا آنها می توانند این کار را بکنند؟ تا به اینجا که موفق نبوده اند و نتیجه آن تلفات مردم منطقه بوده است.A Docker container is a software instance that runs in a virtual environment and shares the resources of the host operating system. It is an isolated, portable, and self-sufficient unit that can be used to run an application. A Docker container service provides users with a way to deploy, manage, and update their containers. It also allows them to share their containers with other users. Docker is a container-based system that allows you to create and run software applications in isolated, secure environments.
Docker containers allow you to package an application with all of its dependencies into a self-contained unit. This makes it easier to deploy and manage your application. In this blog post, we will discuss what Docker containers are, how they work, and the benefits of using them in your business.
Docker Container Services are tools that help in managing the containers and their state. They provide services like logging, monitoring, and managing the containers. The Docker container service enables applications to deploy applications on a cluster of servers without having any knowledge about how these servers work or how they are interconnected. A Docker container service is a software that helps in managing the containers and their state. It provides services like logging, monitoring, and managing the containers.
What is a Docker Container Services?
A Docker container is a software defined unit that can run on any Linux-based system. It is a self-contained unit of software that includes everything needed to run.
Docker containers are used in many industries such as:
- Development environments
- Data Centers
- Web hosting companies
- Private cloud computing companies
How Docker Containers Works
Docker Containers is a container-based software platform that makes it easier to run applications on multiple operating systems, using the same code and resources. Docker containers are similar to virtual machines, but they are more lightweight and faster. They can be created on any computer using Docker Engine, which is available for Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X.
Docker containers work by creating an isolated environment for each container that includes everything needed to run the application in question. The applications then share that resource between them. This includes the operating system kernel, libraries, an application server like Apache or Tomcat, and so on.
How to Choose Docker Container Services Provider
Choosing the right Docker container services provider is not easy. There are many factors that users need to consider before making a decision.
First of all, it is important to understand the difference between a dedicated and a managed service. A dedicated service is like renting an individual container from a provider. A managed service, on the other hand, is more similar to purchasing a fleet of containers from the same provider. The main difference between these two services is that with managed services, providers manage and maintain the containers for their customers while they are using them. In addition to this, they also provide support for their customers in case there are any issues with their containers or with related software such as Docker or Kubernetes.
Best Docker Container Services Provider
There are many Docker Container Services providers. Some of them are based on the technology and some of them are just services that provide a platform for developers to use.
Some of the best Docker container services providers include:
- IT Outpost
- Sumo Logic“先搬迁，后补偿，不走就扣钱!”
这个也是非常常见的。俗话说“不见兔子不撒鹰”，不管是农村土地征收还是城市房屋拆迁，都应当遵循“先补偿、后搬迁”的大原则。
《土地管理法实施条例》第二十五条规定，征收土地的各项费用应当自征地补偿、安置方案批准之日起3个月内全额支付。
《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》第二十七条规定：实施房屋征收应当先补偿、后搬迁。作出房屋征收决定的市、县级人民政府对被征收人给予补偿后，被征收人应当在补偿协议约定或者补偿决定确定的搬迁期限内完成搬迁。任何单位和个人不得采取暴力、威胁或者违反规定中断供水、供热、供气、供电和道路通行等非法方式迫使被征收人搬迁。禁止建设单位参与搬迁活动。
拆迁律师_征地律师_拆迁安置律师咨询-北京晏清律师事务所People around the world often use the words “bison” and “buffalo” interchangeably, but the truth is, they are two completely different things. Buffalo and bison do share some similarities, like their large size and the fact that they both have horns. This article takes a closer look at the differences between these two animals, which are divided into four species: American bison, European bison, Cape buffalo, and water buffalo.
The European Bison
The European bison was considered extinct in the wild by 1919 due to overhunting practices, although reintroduction efforts have resulted in a wild or semi-wild population size of around 3,500 currently. The majority of these animals, the largest land mammal in Europe, can be found in Poland and Romania. The second largest population size inhabits state-owned forests in the Netherlands as well. Other countries with even smaller European bison populations include: France, Germany, Russia, Spain, the Czech Republic, the Ukraine, and Denmark. Today, this species is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN.
The European bison lives in either mixed-sex or entirely male herds of between 8 and 13 individuals. This species may grow to between 6.9 and 11.5 feet in length and between 5.2 and 6.4 feet in height. Males weigh an average of 1,398 pounds while females weigh around 935 pounds.
The American Bison
It is the American bison that is commonly, and incorrectly, referred to as a buffalo. In fact, a traditional American-Western song famously includes the line, “Give me a home, where the buffalo roam”, to refer to the American bison. Interestingly, however, buffalo have never inhabited the Americas. This misnomer is believed to come from the fact that when early European settlers arrived to North America, they saw a resemblance between this animal and the buffalo. Another theory suggests that the word “buffalo” is derived from the Latin word “bufalus”, which means wild ox, another animal that closely resembles the bison. For example, French fur trappers in North America referred to this species as boeuf.
The American bison was nearly brought to extinction during the 19th century due to overhunting, like the European bison. Today, this species is considered near threatened by the IUCN. It grows to between 6.6 and 11.5 feet in length and may weigh anywhere from 794 to 2,178 pounds, depending on sex.
Differences Between The American And The European Bisons
The American and European bisons can be differentiated by a number of characteristics, including: height, hair, and horns. The European bisons have longer legs than the American, making them the slightly taller of the two. Additionally, the American bison grows thicker, slightly longer body hair than the European bison, which does have longer hair on its tail. The horns are also different; that of the European bison face forward.
The Cape Buffalo
The Cape buffalo, also known as the African buffalo, has a population size of around 900,000. It can be found throughout the areas of sub-Saharan Africa in both savannas and mountain forests. This species can reach between 3.3 and 5.6 feet at shoulder height and weighs between 600 and 2,200. The Cape buffalo found living in the forest are smaller than those living in the savannah. They have relatively short body hair and are easily recognized by their long, curved horns, which almost form a perfect loop.
The Water Buffalo
The water buffalo, also known as the wild Asian buffalo, has a population size of around 3,400 and is considered endangered by the IUCN. The vast majority of these animals currently live in India with smaller populations in Thailand, Cambodia, Nepal, and Bhutan. This species reaches a height of roughly 5 to 6 feet at the shoulder and a weight of between 1,300 and 2,600 pounds. The water buffalo has short hair and long, curved horns. Its horns are different from those of the Cape buffalo as they do not form a complete loop.
Differences Between The Water And Cape Buffalos
The water and Cape buffalos have a number of physical differences in addition to the shape of their horns. The frontal forehead of the Cape buffalo is covered by a large, bone-like substance that extends from the bottom of its horns. Additionally, the Cape buffalo has a smaller, less splayed foot structure than the water buffalo, which has adapted to the harder surface that it lives upon.
Differences Between Bison And Buffalo
The differences between bison and buffalo involves more than simply the continent that they inhabit. These differences have largely evolved due to the different climates faced by each species. Bison are from the much colder climates of North America and Europe while the buffalo is found in the warmer climates of Asia and Africa, for instance.
If a bison and buffalo were standing side by side, the first most obvious and biggest difference between the two is the shoulder hump. Bison have a large, tall hump located squarely on top of its shoulders; this hump is absent in the buffalo species. The bison has evolved this hump over time in response to its habitat. The hump give this species a particularly powerful head, which allows it to push aside heavy snow drifts that occur during the cold North American and European winters. Generally, this hump is covered in fur. Additionally, the bison has longer facial hair along its lower jaw, making it appear to have a beard.
As previously mentioned, buffalo have long and curved horns, which are longest in the Cape buffalo. The bison, in contrast, does not have such long horns. Theirs are shorter and sharper, allowing them to fight against each other with their heads. The buffalo has a lighter coat of short fur, which allows water to roll off its back, whereas the bison has longer, thicker fur to keep it warm in the winters. In addition, bison are known to run faster and over longer distances than the buffalo, which is known as a relatively slow-moving animal that runs only if provoked by a predator for example. Finally, the less obvious difference between these two species is in their life expectancy. The bison has a life expectancy of anywhere from 13 to 21 years of age, while the buffalo lives a longer life of between 25 and 30 years on average.
What's The Difference Between A Buffalo And A Bison?
Although both members of the Bovidae family, bison are from the much colder climates of North America and Europe while buffalos are found in the warmer climates of Asia and Africa.
About the Author
Amber is a freelance writer, English as a foreign language teacher, and Spanish-English translator. She lives with her husband and 3 cats.
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很除夜شرکت DavidsTea اعلام کرد، 82 شعبه ی خود در کانادا و 42 شعبه اش در آمریکا را تعطیل خواهد کرد. این شرکت کار خود را با فروش آنلاین ادامه خواهد داد، و محصولات خود را به فروشگاه ها و داروخانه ها خواهد فروخت.
DavidsTea که در مونترال واقع شده است، برای 124 شعبه ی خود اعلامیه ی اتمام قرارداد اجاره ارسال کرده و گفته است از 30 روز آینده این کار را آغاز خواهد کرد.
این شرکت که در آمریکا اعلام ورشکستگی کرده است، قصد دارد با این کار، ساختار بدهی خود را تغییر دهد.
هرشل سیگال موسس و مدیر عامل موقت شرکت می گوید، تعطیلی مغازه های بدون سود به ما کمک می کند که در آینده قدرتمند تر وارد چرخه ی کسب و کار شویم و پایداری خود را برای مدت طولانی حفظ کنیم.
فرنک زیتلا مدیر ارشد مالی
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taken over by another licensee, who made his ablutions in the stone horse trough, on the street in front, each morning.
TOWN HALL - MASONIC LODGE
Opposite the Hartley Arms. An impressive building of local stone, built in 1868-69. Very elegant with its Corinthian pillars supporting the portico, and windows of unusual design, it stands as a tribute for design and workmanship. Messrs Mason and Clayton, of Dunedin, designed it and it was built by J. Over at a cost of $800.00 pounds ($1,600.00).
Originally designed as a Masonic Hall and Temple, building began as such, under the eye of Vincent Pyke, who was Provincial Grand Master.
Money ran out for the Masons, who were concerned. However, the townspeople came to the aid on the condition that the Hall would be regarded as a Town Hall.
In laying the foundation stone, Vincent Pyke did so with Masonic honours. In a cavity below the stone (foundation) was placed a bottle containing scrolls and copies of the day''s "Otago Daily Times" and "Dunstan Times", and also coins of the realm.
The bottle was sealed with the Grant Master''s ring and seal. The mortar was laid with a handsome silver trowel made by a local Silversmith (Barlow) and inscribed (see Museum). A ball was held in the evening to open the hall. Masons took it over in 1954. The Atheneaum was added in 1874.
DUNSTAN HOTEL - HOUSE - 1900
On the right we have a very fine double storied building, the first of its kind in Central. Built in 1900 for Mr Harry Hast (of Brewery and Lawrence) and Mrs Alderdice (host) of Dunedin. It was constructed by Thos. Wilkinson, builder of St. Bathans; John Holloway, mason of Clyde; Albert Otago Fountain, professional staircase builder; and Hugh Naylor, apprentice carpenter.
Cobb and Co. coaches pulled in at the Dunstan either way from Cromwell to Dunedin each day. In cold weather, with frosty below zero temperatures, mine host would offer a Scotch for the men and hot tea for the ladies.
Near the middle of the century, the licence to the Hotel was lost. It was closed for a time, became a private house, then later a bed and breakfast accommodation house, Dunstan House.
DUNSTAN HOTEL - 1903
Another double storied building of local stone and built by the very same craftsmen as the previous hotel, three years later in 1903.
A Mr Pitches had this one built to replace a wooden one burned down in 1903; the Port Phillip, built in 1868.
This site is a place of note. The famous Buckingham family had their scantling and Calico Hotel, or Saloon, on it in December 1862 to early 1863, where they were joined by the infamous Captain Bully Hayes. Here he fell in love with Rosa Buckingham, reputed fine singer and entertainer. He married her in Arrow.
Buckinghams moved to Arrow when the gold strike was on there. Hayes went with them and the rest is Arrow''s story.
The stone building became the Commercial hotel. It remained the same in layout until 1957 when major improvements were done. Later again, in 1970, a large bar lounge was added.
In 1987 for the movie "Illustrious Energy" the lounge bar and bottle store were clad with stone from the Hotel Cromwell and mud blocks, made at Earnscleugh.
OLIVERS COURTYARD, RESTAURANT AND LODGE ACCOMMODATION (Opposite Dunstan Hotel)
From a Calico general store serving the miners of 1863, time has evolved this historic estate steeped in a century of local colour.
Originally the home of Mr Benjamin Naylor, JP who was born at Worksop, Nottinghamshire in 1830. He was brought up as a Blacksmith and worked at his trade until coming to the colonies in 1851. After ten years on the Victorian goldfields he came to Otago, in 1861, at the time of the Gabriels Gully ''rush. He was one of the first to arrive, in 1862, at the Dunstan, to which he brought goods and soon afterwards opened a general store with living accommodation attached. Eventually the land from the store to the corner (Naylor Street) was purchased and stables, coach sheds, a smoke house and a large timber and iron store was built, along with a gracious home, all built from stone. The home, complete with conservatory, servant''s room and a large underground food cellar, is apart from the alterations to the front of the house (in 1929), still maintained in original condition as a lodge for guests.
The walls surrounding the property were built from stones salvaged from the hotels demolished as the property was acquired. Mr Naylor was also interested in farming and became owner of " Chester Mains" and "Matakanui" in 1875. While Clyde was a borough he was Mayor for four years.
Premier and Mrs Richard Seddon (King Dick) were often guests of the Naylor family.
In December 1977 the general store was re-opened as Olivers Restaurant. John Braine and Fleur Sullivan spent several months refurbishing the interior. In late 1981 the old timber and iron store found a new lease of life as a Banquet Hall. Throughout the restoration work many old treasures were found including the day books dating back to 1864.
Chester Mains Farm, Matakanui. This freehold is the property of Mr B Naylor, JP, of Clyde, and is 1,072 acres in extent. It is a dairy and agricultural farm, and has been occupied by the proprietor since 1874. During some seasons, a considerable area is devoted to crops, which yield very satisfactory returns. The owner is a large breeder of Clydesdale horses, and has spent considerable sums of money in the purchase of stud animals from the best bred stock. There is a registered dairy factory on the estate.
Around the corner we glimpse the Clutha River, known to the miners who respected and feared it, as "The Mighty Molyneux".
To the Maoris it was the Matau. Very powerful and treacherous yet beautiful, it claimed many lives and did untold damage while sculpturing the land. However, Otago can be very thankful for the great wealth it brought to the province.
In the 10km of river between Alexandra and Clyde, over 30 dredges once worked the Clutha with 20 more in the 6km between Roxburgh and Coal Creek. The four or five tonnes of lignite those dredges consumed daily came from mines just north of the town. This travelled down the river by boat, a voyage so dangerous that the crews wore lifejackets.
At Brewery Creek, 1.2km below Cromwell, Hartley and Reilly won 871h of gold and got a 2000 pound reward which the Otago Provincial Government offered for the discovery of a new goldfield. Dredges later did most of the mining here. All built locally, the dredges later switched from coal to electricity for power. They had names as strange as some of the gold claims: Monte Cristo, Riley''s Revival, Chicago and Royal Maori.
Next on the left is a stone cottage used as a bank and residence as a schoolteacher''s home and was later bought as accommodation for Cobb and Co. drivers. In 1987 it was converted to a gambling and opium den for the movie "Illustrious Energy".
ST MICHAEL''S ANGLICAN CHURCH
Next we come to St Michael''s Anglican Church built of local stone in 1877. Vicar - Rev. Reeve.
Traditionally English in design, its interior woodwork was wrought by Charles Huston, grandfather of the Waldron family.
The ceiling is arch braced dark wood, the large East and West windows have tracery tops and the small windows, early English lancet.
The stone wall fronting the Church is older still, having surrounded an earlier wooden Church. The remaining three walls were of cob, which were absorbed by the earth.
POST OFFICE (Matau Street)
A very fine example of masonry. Who would know that it was built in two parts more than 10 years apart?
The extension was necessary when Post Office mail boxes and a telephone exchange were installed. Seven telephones were installed in 1909. Mr Gair of Cromwell was the Mason and had help from a Shetland Islander, name unknown.
The first Post Office was situated on the corner of the street. It was firstly of Calico then of corrugated iron and wood.
A fine stone house, compliments of the Post Office, is the Postmaster''s residence.
Vincent County Council chambers, seat of the Vincent County Council 1877 to 1989. With the new Government amalgamation of local bodies this building now stands empty. An interesting book to read - One Hundred Years of the Vincent County, 1877-1977, by John H Angus.
This area was the hub of the town from the 1860''s to the end of the century and was known as "The Camp".
Next door is the old Magistrates and Wardens Court House, now the Vincent County and Dunstan Goldfields Historical Museum.
It is stone, built in 1864 after the disastrous wind storm of 1863, which blew down the original Court House of Calico and scantling lined with paper. Besides a Court House it was the administration Headquarters of the Dunstan gold rush. Here Vincent Pyke as Commissioner of the Goldfields and Mayor Keddell had their offices.
The building became a Museum after some years of closure, 1966, four years after the Centennial of the Dunstan, September 1962, when the Museum was established. A fine collection of exhibits from within the Vincent County is housed and cared for by voluntary workers. The Museum is open 2pm - 4pm Tuesday to Sunday.
POLICE SERGEANT''S HOUSE
A fine stone house stands next door to the Museum. It was built in the late 1860''s for the Sergeant of Police.
At the time there was a stone gaol in front to the left of this building and an office beside the residence.
From this point to within a playing field distance of the school was housed up to fifteen more mounted troopers who policed the goldfields, acted as escorts for the goldcoach en-route to Dunedin and escort to many VIP visitors.
ROMAN CATHOLIC - ST DUNSTANS CHURCH
St. Dunstan''s Catholic Church built in 1903 by a local builder and mason (Thos. Wilkinson and John Holloway and associates) was to replace an earlier church, St Mary''s built in 1869. A devastating wind storm having destroyed the church, mass was heard in the old school (stone) in the main street until St Dunstan''s was built.
A fine example of early English Gothic, roofed with Marseilles tiles, it stands out neatly in well groomed grounds. During 1989 St Dunstan''s was completely restored and rededicated on 18 October 1989.
BENJAMIN NAYLOR''S HOUSE
In Upper Fraser Street on the right, a very neat and solid local stone house built by Mr Albert Otago Fountain with J Noone, Mason, in 1881. Mr Naylor, a cousin of Benjamin Naylor of Victoria Store, came from overseas to Clyde to assist his cousin. Later he began business himself at the other end of town. The home has been retained by the family.
ST MUNGO''S PRESBYTERIAN UNION CHURCH
On the corner and opposite St Dunstan''s Catholic Church is St Mungo''s Union Church of the Clyde/Alexandra Parish.
The church was built in 1894 in wood, being roughcast in the 1950''s and redecorated inside.
This church was built by the Presbyterians of Clyde and District. In 1970 the Methodist Church joined the Presbyterian and a Union Church was born.
CHARLES HENRY GYE''S HOME
Along further stands a little white cottage with its iron lace of the Victorian era. In the 1870''s this house was the home of Mr Charles Henry Wong Gye, who came to Clyde from the Bendigo goldfields to be the Chinese interpreter in the Dunstan, May 1871. The grounds were very spacious surrounded by a very handsome stone wall.
Opposite is a very old stone house, perhaps the earliest one built in the town. A Mr Tyrell, clerk of the Court, built it for his family in 1860.
It has had no structural alterations inside or out. It has been added to on the left side at the back. The roof and floors are original. It is a very much-photographed cottage. Home of Mr and Mrs W Waldron.
MISS CHRIS McDONALD''S HOME
Next is another stone house of about similar vintage built by Mr Anthony Brough, the first solicitor to practice in Clyde. It was a show place in its early days, set in a very large section amidst trees and garden. Brough''s successor, Mr F W Wilson, lived in it, then his successor, Robert Gilkison. It was he who added two rooms built of stone to match, for a nursery. It has always been lived in. Now the grounds are smaller.
Now turn right up Naylor Street past Olivers barn and follow the walkway through the Railway reserve to the museum extension - and Briar Herb Factory - the first herb factory in New Zealand. There is an extensive array housed here. There is also a resident caretaker, ask him about the display of stationary engines housed at the nearby Clyde Railway Station Building.
As Briar Herbs Limited, the factory was registered as a Private Limited Liability Company in 1948, but herbs were processed for many years on the site prior to this date.
In the late 1930''s Mr and Mrs Berbery, an English couple, began processing on this site in a small way, along with collecting briar hips which were processed in Dunedin into rose hip syrup.
Mr and Mrs Berbery were joined by another English woman, Miss Annie Radcliffe, who some time later took over the business, expanding it considerably.
Mr Warren Trainor joined Miss Radcliffe. The business grew but had many ups and downs over the years. Processing was dusty work, exacting and did not appeal to people, consequently the turnover of staff was above average.
During this time the company was registered and Messrs Fletcher Humphreys and Co. Ltd. were appointed distributors and soon the Trademark of "Briar" became known throughout New Zealand, the Auckland district being the chief buyer.
In 1964 Mr F H Brown, who was running the factory at that time, switched over to direct sales to wholesalers but, with the lack of adequate staff and small machines, the demand overtook the factory''s capacity to supply.
For many years, 40,000lbs of green thyme were handled as well as quantities of sage, mint and other herbs. At the end of each season there was no carry over.
Thyme grew, and still grows wild over the hills and along the river banks round Clyde, Alexandra and Cromwell Gorge. When dried and cleaned it is as good a product as any in the world. Exports were contemplated, after enquiries had been received from the USA, Australia and Germany.
The green thyme was cut and brought to the factory by residents of the districts. Whole groups and families would picnic in the hills, cut thyme and spend a happy and profitable day doing just that.
Sage was grown on a cultivated block nearby, but it was found that water from a nearby hill could not be controlled and many thousands of plants were killed by a virus, which attacked their wet roots. Both sage and thyme are desert plants and die if their roots get too wet and remain so for a long time. The land was sold, supplies got from Algeria, Cyprus and England.
Thyme in Central Otago
Thyme, of the common or garden kind, has grown in Central Otago since it was introduced by gold diggers about a century ago.
Since then the plant has spread. A recent informal estimate is that it covers about 2,000 hectares thickly and several times that area at lower densities.
Its distribution is confined to the valleys of the Clutha, Kawarau and Manuherikia rivers.
It is believed that New Zealand may be the only place where common thyme grows wild, beyond the mountains of Spain and other European countries bordering the Mediterranean where it originates.
Once you have experienced a walk over these hills and valleys through the thyme, you will never use or smell thyme again without remembering the wild and rugged beauty of this area.
Jean Desire Feraud commemorative plaque off State Highway 8 at Clyde Lookout.
JEAN DESIRE FERAUD
A native of France, Jean Desire Feraud came to the Dunstan Goldfields early in 1863.
He went mining on the west bank of the Molyneux River (Clutha) a short distance below Alexandra. The spot now known as Frenchman''s Point was rich in places.
Mr Feraud was fortunate in striking a rich deposit, becoming comparatively rich in a short time.
Now a modern town, redeveloped because of the Clyde Dam project and Lake Dunstan, which has formed behind it. In the mall the museum displays gold relics, and in an historic precinct parts of old Cromwell Town have been painstakingly re-erected stone by stone.
Across the Bannockburn bridge, 9kms south of Cromwell is a tortured yet beautiful landscape sculpted by miners in their sluicing for gold from 1862-1910. Water races, dams, tunnels, shafts and crumbling cobb and stone buildings are fascinating features found on a walk around these Bannockburn diggings. Vineyards are now a strong feature in this area. Some 18kms from Cromwell, on the Lindis Pass road, the Bendigo Loop Road takes you to Bendigo, Logantown and Welshtown. One of the few successful quartz mining areas in Otago, Bendigo and surrounds were mined for over half a century. Dozens of crumbling stone cottages and huts are dotted amongst the scrub at Logantown and Welshtown - but so too are deep mine shafts. Follow the track and watch your step on your explorations.
Towards Queenstown, just 10km from Cromwell, is the Kawarau Gorge Mining Centre. There are a range of displays and exhibitions here including a working stamper battery, and you can even pan for your own gold.
A town popular with travellers. The Kawarau Gorge and rapids barred the way to the miners until a stone-piered suspension bridge was erected in 1860. This superb structure can be seen alongside today''s modern highway, just 18km from Queenstown.
At Arthurs Point near Queenstown, is the Oxenbridge Tunnel, which took four years of digging. The Shotover River was then diverted through it - but only 90 ounces of gold was recovered from the dry river
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Joseph Frederick Wallet Des Barres (publisher) / [Samuel Holland, lead surveyor], [Untitled chart of coast from Newburyport, Mass. to Cape Elizabeth, Maine.] London; April 29, 1776.
A nice example of what was for its time the finest chart of the coasts of New Hampshire and southern Maine. It was issued in 1776 in The Atlantic Neptune, an atlas of the East Coast used by British captains during the Revolution. The charts were so respected that they remained in use for decades, often being copied and reissued by American and European engravers and publishers.
The present item depicts the New England coast line from Newbury Harbor to Cape Elizabeth as well as a surprising amount of inland detail not available on any other printed map of the time, including bodies of water, areas of elevation, roads and even individual structures.
Though Des Barres was the compiler and publisher of The Atlantic Neptune and was himself responsible for the survey of Nova Scotia, others also played central roles in conducting the original surveys. One was Samuel Holland, who oversaw the survey of the New England coast on which the present chart was based. Holland was a Dutch-born surveyor and engineer who entered British service during the French and Indian War (1756-63). Following their victory, the British were faced with the mammoth task of administering and developing thousands of square miles of newly-acquired territory, most of which had never been adequately mapped.
For example, the standard nautical atlas for colonial waters was The English Pilot. Fourth Book, first published in 1689 and reissued for over 100 years. Unfortunately, “reissued” does not necessarily imply “updated;” many English Pilot charts were issued unchanged for decades, even long after superior alternatives were available. This did little for trade in general or mariners in particular, but did reduce the publishers’ research and development costs down.
In response to this problem, Holland proposed “an accurate and just Survey upon a general scale and uniform plan” of North America east of the Mississippi. (Harley, p. 27) The survey would be based on geodetic controls: the locations of control points would be established by rigorous astronomical observation, and the intermediate areas pinpointed by means of triangulation. This followed the most advanced European practice, but would represent its first application in North America, and on a much grander scale than hitherto.
The Lord Commissioners approved Holland’s proposal, and in 1764 he was named Surveyor General of both the Province of Quebec and the Northern District of North America, from the Potomac to the border with Canada. Holland spent the next six years surveying Prince Edward Island, Cape Breton and other areas in and around the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Then from 1770-1774 he focused on the survey of the New England and New York coasts.
Of course, Holland didn’t work alone. In fact, he was more on the order of a principal investigator, overseeing a number of semi-autonomous teams through five deputies: Charles Blaskowitz, James Grant, George Sproule, Thomas Wheeler and Thomas Wright. All told, Holland probably had more than 50 men working under his direct supervision at any given time.
Ultimately, the project required gathering and integrating four types of data: Astronomical observations to establish geodetic control points, topographical surveys by means of triangulation, hydrographical observations (soundings, etc.) conducted by the Royal Navy, and artists’ renderings of coastal profiles to be used in recognition views.
The Atlantic Neptune
Holland’s finished surveys were sent back to England, where in 1774 Des Barres assumed responsibility for their publication. Given the unsettled times, the demand for charts was enormous, and Des Barres’ operation quickly grew to fill two townhouses and employ 20 assistants in compiling, drafting and correcting the charts. While it was usually made up to order and therefore had no standard contents, The Atlantic Neptune ultimately extended to five sections: Nova Scotia, New England, the River and Gulf of St. Lawrence (based on the work of James Cook), the coast south of New York, and American coastal views.
J.F.W. des Barres (1721-1824) was a Swiss-born engineer, surveyor, chart maker, publisher and colonial administrator who served for the more than half a century in British North America. He volunteered for the British Army, trained at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich and was posted to the 60th (Royal American) Regiment, where he served with distinction in the French and Indian War, was present at the capture of Louisbourg and Quebec, and helped produce a magnificent survey of the St. Lawrence River.
At war’s end, Des Barres was appointed by the Admiralty to survey the coast of Nova Scotia, an enormously ambitious and expensive undertaking that required the better part of ten years. He returned to England in 1774 and, with financial backing from the Admiralty, began organizing the publication of his charts and those of others, most notably those supplied by Samuel Holland, Surveyor General of Quebec and of the Northern District of North America. He ultimately compiled these into The Atlantic Neptune, which in its most complete form ran to four volumes containing hundreds of navigation charts, maps, and coastal recognition profiles, topographical views and even Revolutionary War battle plans. The Atlantic Neptune is not just the finest atlas of North America from the colonial period, but one of the greatest atlases ever published.
Later in life Des Barres served as Lieutenant Governor of Cape Breton (1784-87) and Prince Edward Island (1804-1812). He died at the jaw-dropping age of 102, his long life perhaps fueled by an abundance of bile.
Cobb, New Hampshire Maps, #42. Parke-Bernet Galleries, The Celebrated Collection of Americana formed by the Late Thomas Winthrop Streeter, vol. 2 lot 706 (entry for The Atlantic Neptune, this chart listed as vol. 4 #23).
For background on Des Barres, Holland and the Atlantic Neptune, see Cumming, British Maps of Colonial America, pp.51-56; Harley et al., Mapping the American Revolutionary War, pp.25-8; and Machemer, “Headquartered at Piscataqua: Samuel Holland`s Coastal and Inland Surveys, 1770-1774,”Historical New Hampshire vol. 57 nos. 1 &2, pp.4-25.‘An apple a day keeps the doctor away.’ Is it really true? Have a look at the benefits of eating apple
Apple belongs to the category of fruits which are cultivated and consumed all over the world. Apart from it sweet, fruity and fresh taste, it is known to have numerous health benefits.
As you have all heard about a saying ‘ An apple a day keeps the doctor away‘ speaks the volume of the beneficial health qualities possessed by apple. From ancient times, apple have been cultivated across Europe and Asia. Historians has found that ancient civilizations like Romans, Greeks and Nordic tribes have signs of having apple in their dietary habits. These nutritious and healthier fruit is one of the natural source of essential proteins and antioxidants.
Apple exist in three main colours like green, yellow and red. Apple has a thin as well as sturdy skin covering the thick and juicy flesh. As the fruit ripe, the flesh becomes soft and exhibits a sweet taste. The seeds are placed inside the flesh in the central portion of the apple. The skin and the flesh inside are rich in nutrients and antioxidants. Raw apples can be included in your daily diet. It can also be used as an ingredient in many dishes like custards and fruit salads.
As you have seen, apple is a sweet and healthier choice among many of the fruit varieties. Have a look at some of the essential health qualities as well as benefits of eating apple.
Aids in digestion
Apple is known to have high fibre content and thus apple consumption can initiate smooth bowel moments. Having more nutritious fibres in your diet can help to reduce constipation and other stomach disorders. Diets rich in fibre content can add bulk to the stool and promotes smooth movement of the food materials through the digestive tract. Including apple in your diet can influence the production of gastric and digestive secretion to ensure the efficient absorption of nutrients. Apple consumption can influence the functioning of bacterias inside the large intestines. It can also play a role in nutrient uptake and the elimination of unwanted bacteria and toxins.
Helps to manage diabetes
How to control blood sugar?? This is the major concern of diabetic patients. The presence of polyphenols in apples can reduce the absorption of carbohydrates by the body. This will ultimately reduce the high-end fluctuations in the blood sugar readings. Polyphenols present in apple can also reduce the uptake of glucose through the digestive tract and initiate the secretion of more insulin from pancreas. Thus the essential nutrients present in apple can have serious effects in reducing high blood sugar level. Including apple in the your diet can thus helps in reducing the blood sugar level and increase the insulin secretions.
Can reduce respiratory problems
The respiratory system of our body is prone to inflammations and this can be the reasons for many of the respiratory conditions. Asthma can be grouped into such a situation. The anti-inflammatory properties of apple can help with the reduction of inflammations and thereby inhibits respiratory diseases like asthma. Apple consumption can influence better lungs function, most probably because of the presence of an antioxidant called quercetin in the apple skin.
Helps to maintain a healthy blood cholesterol level
Apple also can play a role in lowering the cholesterol levels, thus influence in maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system. The presence of a soluble fibre called pectin in the apple can prevent the cholesterol build up in the walls of blood vessels. This can ultimately play a major role in preventing atherosclerosis and heart disease. Polyphenols and antioxidants can reduce the oxidation of LDL cholesterols thereby decreases the chance for cardiovascular diseases.By Nick C. and Kelsey F.
Q: How does the Respiratory System relate to other systems in the human body?
A: All of the other 5 major systems help the respiratory system work at itís best. The systems include the digestive system, skeletal system, circulatory system, muscular system, and finally the nervous system.
The well-known digestive system has a basic but important function. First, food goes down to the throat, and leads to the digestive system. What makes this path is the epiglottis, which opens when air comes through, and closes when food comes down. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler substances that the body can use including proteins. This helps the respiratory system because the lungs need nutrients. The respiratory system helps the digestive system by giving oxygen to the digestive system.Another basic, but important system is the skeletal system.
~The Skeletal System and Respiratory System~
The skeletal system is very important. This system is responsible for protecting the inner body. The skeletal system is like a metal shield covering the body. This system helps the respiratory system by protecting the lungs.
~The Circulatory System and Respiratory System~
The circulatory system is very useful. This system transports the food nutrients, and oxygen to the body cells. It also delivers of carbon dioxide and waste products. This helps the respiratory system by transporting nutrients to keep the lungs clean, and healthy. In return the respiratory system allows air to keep the circulatory system going.The next system is the muscular system.
The muscular system is interesting. In the human body there are three types of muscle tissue: Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. The muscular system helps push air come into and leave the respiratory system through the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm, which is a muscle. The respiratory system has the lungs that deliver air to the muscles. It is kind of weird to think of or read about how your muscles works, and then knowing what they are doing right at that second.
The nervous system is awesome! This system actually makes you feel what you feel. It controls your bodiesí activities. Plus, it helps the respiratory system by allowing you feel and know when you are breathing and have somewhat control of it. The nervous system also triggers you to whine or scream when you get physically hurt. These systems are amazing.
††††††††† I have learned a lot from writing this essay. I learned how the digestive system breaks down food. How the skeletal system protects the lungs. The way the circulatory system transports food nutrients. And finally how the muscular system allows you you lift things, and how the nervous system allows us to feel things. All the systems have interesting functions.بهبود نسبی وضعیت صنعت سنگ آهن و فلزات
معاونت مالی و اقتصادی شرکت سرمایه گذاری توسعه معادن و فلزات با بیان این مطلب در گفتگو با خبرنگار بورس نیوز عنوان کرد: قیمت جهانی سنگ آهن طی روزهای گذشته افزایش حدود پنج درصدی داشته که این امر با توجه به روند صعودی قیمت ها طی یک ماه گذشته مناسب ارزیابی می شود. حال آنکه به نظر می رسد بهبود وضعیت این صنعت در گروه تحریک تقاضای داخلی است که در این زمینه برنامه هایی در گروه فولاد و سنگ آهن در حال اجرایی شدن است.
مرتضی علی اکبری افزود: روند صعودی قیمت جهانی فلزات اساسی و سنگ آهن می بایست ادامه دار باشد تا وضعیت شرکت های فولادی و معدنی نیز بهبود یابد که البته تداوم روند صعودی طی سال ۹۵ دور از انتظار است.
وی در ارزیابی عملکرد شرکت های زیر مجموعه “ومعادن” اظهار داشت: اغلب شرکت های فعال در این گروه طی سال گذشته با حداقل ظرفیت تولید فعالیت کردند و در این مدت فولاد سازها به دلیل نبود تقاضای کافی ظرفیت تولید خود را ۲۰ درصد کاهش دادند. این در حالی است که شرکت های فولادی در شرایط فعلی در صدد افزایش ظرفیت تولید خود برآمده اند که این امر موجب افزایش تقاضا در خرید مواد اولیه تولید فولاد نیز شده است.
آخرین وضعیت پروژه های “کگل”، “کچاد” و “کنور”
این مقام مسئول در خصوص مهمترین طرح های توسعه ای زیر مجموعه های “ومعادن” گفت: پروژه تولید پنج میلیون تنی گندله و نیز سه میلیون تنی آهن اسفنجی در شرکت معدنی و صنعتی گل گهر در نیمه اول سال جاری به بهره برداری می رسد و پروژه توسعه آهن “کگل” نیز در مدت مذکور به بهره برداری می رسد و تولید با حداکثر ظرفیت در پروژه توسعه آهن گل گهر طی روزهای آتی آغاز می شود. همچنین فاز اول پروژه نیروگاه “کگل” که شامل دو فاز گازی است، بزودی به بهره برداری می رسد.
معاونت مالی و اقتصادی “ومعادن” افزود: طرح توسعه ای فولادسازی یک میلیون تنی “کچاد” و نیز فاز دوم نیروگاه بخاری این مجموعه بزودی راه اندازی می شود. علاوه بر این، براي پروژه گندله سازی “کنور” که با مشکل تأمین نقدینگی مورد نیاز مواجه شده، در حال چاره اندیشی جهت تأمين هزینه های مالی آن هستیم؛ افزون بر اين ها، فاز دوم پروژه کنسانتره اين مجتمع نيز تا پایان شهریور ماه امسال به بهره برداری خواهد رسید.
تأثیر بهره برداری از پروژه ها بر وضعیت سودآوری “ومعادن”
علی اکبری در خصوص اثر گذاری اجرای پروژه های مذکور بر وضعیت سودآوری “ومعادن” اظهار داشت: به طور قطع اجرای پروژه های در دست اجرای زیر مجموعه ها بر وضعیت سودآوری این مجموعه سرمایه گذاری نیز موثر واقع می شود که بخشی از آن در بودجه اعمال شده است. حال آنکه باید منتظر ماند تا اثر اجرای پروژه های مذکور بر صورت های مالی زیر مجموعه ها نمود پیدا کند و در پی آن پس از بررسی، در صورتیکه نیاز به اعلام تعدیل سود برآوردی “ومعادن” باشد، نسبت به این موضوع اقدام می گردد.
وی همچنین در خصوص برنامه افزایش سرمایه “ومعادن” اظهار داشت: این برنامه به منظور تأمین هزینه مورد نياز جهت اجرای پروژه های در دست اجرای زیر مجموعه ها و شرکت در برنامه افزایش سرمایه آنها به اجرا در می آید که درخواست مذكور در حال حاضر توسط سازمان بورس در حال بررسی است كه پس از دریافت مجوز از این سازمان بلافاصله مجمع فوق العاده افزایش سرمایه برگزار می شود.
تکذیب شایعه فروش زمین”بکام”/ خرید سهام “فخاس” در قیمت های پایین تر از نرخ فعلی
این مقام مسئول در خاتمه پیرامون علت افزایش تقاضا برای خرید سهام “بکام” که “ومعادن” مالک حدود ۷۴ درصدی آن است و نیز دلایل تداوم صف فروش سهام در نماد “فخاس” گفت: بنده هر گونه شایعه فروش زمین و احتمال تعدیل مثبت سود برآوردی شرکت کابل های مخابراتی شهید قندی را تکذیب می کنم و اعلام می دارم که رشد قیمت سهام مجموعه مذکور بی دلیل است. همچنین در خصوص صف فروش سهام شرکت فولاد خراسان باید گفت که “ومعادن” مالک ۳۰ درصدی این مجموعه است و سهامدار عمده آن یعنی صندوق بیمه اجتماعی روستاییان و عشایر می بایست اقدام به حمایت از سهام آن کند. ضمن اينكه “ومعادن” در قیمت های پایین تر از نرخ فعلی اقدام به خرید سهام مجموعه مذکور می کند. چرا که معتقدیم در حال حاضر ارزش سهام “فخاس” نسبت به سایر هم گروهی های آن بالاتر است.
جهت عضويت در كانال تلگرام #اخبار #اقتصادي #بورس_نيوز روي لينك زير كليك كنيد و گزينه JOIN را بزنيد.
https://telegram.me/boursenews_irبه گزارش روابطعمومی اداره کل فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی استان همدان، احمدرضا احسانی در آیین اختتامیه جشنواره مجازی سراسری شعر طنز کرونا با بیان اینکه در ایام شیوع بیماری کرونا فعالیت های مجموعه های فرهنگ و هنر به تعطیلی کشیده شد، اظهار کرد: بلافاصله شورای سیاستگذاری و نشستهای هم اندیشی برای اجرای برنامههای کوتاه مدت و بلندمدت در استان برگزار شد.
وی افزود: در حوزه ایجاد نشاط اجتماعی، امیدبخشی و روحیهبخشی به جامعه، تلاش ما بر این بود که مسئولیت اجتماعی خود را انجام دهیم و در این راستا چهار جشنواره کاریکاتور، شعر، استندآپ کمدی و قرآن و عترت برگزار شد.
وی با بیان اینکه فراخوان جشنواره شعر از ابتدای اردیبهشت ماه منتشر شد، خاطرنشان کرد: ۱۶۰ اثر به دبیرخانه ارسال شد که هشت اثر در سالروز ولادت با سعادت امام هشتم(ع) به عنوان آثار منتخب، معرفی می شوند.
احسانی در خصوص فعالیتهای کمیته فرهنگی طرح فاصله گذاری اجتماعی، یادآور شد: در این ایام بیش یک هزار و ۴۰۰ اثر تولید و در فضای مجازی منتشر شد و استان همدان در این زمینه یکی از استانهای برتر بود.
وی از بازگشایی سینماها و مجتمعهای فرهنگی خبر داد و افزود: سینماها روزانه با ۵۰ درصد ظرفیت و رعایت پروتکلهای بهداشتی میزبان مردم بوده و بازرسیهای مداوم در حال انجام است.The shape of the furnace used during the process of annealing, hanged on the crane, seems a bell. From this, bell annealing derives the name. Bell Annealing is a batch thermal process: this means that product are treated on a time/temperature cycle, generally composed by a rising step, a soaking
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related to the total burden of all inhalational exposures combined, including air pollution and tobacco smoke. Perhaps the greatest risk factor associated with COPD, tobacco smoke, appears to be strongly correlated with increased morbidity and mortality. The risk is present whether the individual is an active smoker or has been repeatedly exposed to secondhand inhalation. However, not all smokers progress to the more severe stages of COPD, suggesting the potential for other contributing factors. Though not definitively identified, α-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic disorder that is characterized by early-onset emphysema, which may potentially be associated with COPD. Furthermore, according to the American Thoracic Society, occupational dust and other environmental exposures are the cause of 10% to 20% of the symptoms of COPD or related functional impairment.
Per the 2007 updated Global Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines, COPD is defined as a preventable and treatable disease with some significant extrapulmonary effects that may contribute to the severity in individual patients. Its pulmonary component is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow limitation is usually progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases. Clinical manifestations of COPD generally include persistent and progressive dyspnea, chronic cough, and sputum production. Such symptoms have now been classified into 4 stages, ranging from mild to moderate, severe, and very severe.
The GOLD guidelines outline methods of disease assessment along with counseling points for patients related to the dire need for reducing COPD risk factors. Pharmacological treatment options for the management of COPD include bronchodilators, which may be used intermittently as needed or on a scheduled basis. Bronchodilator therapy, with β-agonists, anticholinergic agents, and methylxanthines, is used to prevent or diminish exacerbations and other COPD-related symptoms. It has also been demonstrated that regular use of a long-acting bronchodilator as compared with a short-acting product is more effective in managing COPD. Bronchodilators may be used alone or in combination. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) may also be added to bronchodilator therapy if disease severity and frequency of exacerbations warrant their use. It is important to note that currently available agents for the management of COPD have not been able to establish a consistent effect in slowing the decline of lung function, especially in the long term. Nonetheless, pharmacological agents are used primarily to diminish general symptoms, such as shortness of breath and airflow obstruction, and the goal of therapy is to improve the patient's overall clinical response.
Bronchodilators are instrumental in COPD therapy because they allow for bronchial smooth muscle relaxation. All patients with COPD should receive a bronchodilator to be used for “rescue therapy” on an as-needed basis. The GOLD guidelines recommend either a short-acting β-2 agonist (albuterol, levalbuterol, or pirbuterol) or an anticholinergic (ipratropium). To date, there have been no published clinical trials that have demonstrated that one therapy is more clinically beneficial or safer than another, so either may be selected as initial therapy. Should patients not respond adequately to monotherapy, combination therapy with albuterol and ipratropium can be used on an as-needed basis or scheduled and is available in a single-inhaler device.
For patients with stages II and beyond (moderate to very severe) or for those who do not respond adequately to short-acting bronchodilators, therapy with scheduled long-acting bronchodilators may be added. Currently available treatment options include tiotropium, salmeterol, and formoterol. Again, no study has demonstrated any overwhelming benefit of one therapy over another. The GOLD guidelines suggest that any of the above may be selected, and these agents may also be used in combination should patients not respond adequately to monotherapy. Tiotropium, a long-acting anticholinergic, is administered as a once-daily dose via a dry powder inhaler. Recent concerns relating to the use of anticholinergics and increased stroke risk and cardiovascular events in patients with COPD have not led to any changes in FDA labeling, and until further data are published, it is recommended that patients continue these therapies if they are currently receiving them.
The decision to initiate therapy should be made on a case-by-case basis after discussion between patients and prescribers outlining the risks and benefits. Formoterol and salmeterol, both long-acting β-2 agonists (LABAs), are administered twice daily, typically 12 hours apart. Ultra-long-acting β-2 agonists (uLABAs) are currently under development and may provide an additional once-daily administration option for patients with COPD in the near future. Combination therapy with uLABAs and ICSs as well as with other bronchodilators is also being evaluated. Although the use of LABAs in patients with asthma has been linked to an increase in mortality, studies have not suggested the same risk in patients with COPD. Both classes of long-acting bronchodilators have demonstrated improved outcomes for multiple clinical markers in patients with COPD, including exercise tolerance, lung function, exacerbation rates, and quality of life (as typically measured by the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire). Theophylline is not typically used, as the toxicity profile and potential for drug interactions make it less desirable than other available options.
An ICS may provide therapeutic benefit because of its ability to reduce airway inflammation, which contributes to the airflow limitation encountered in patients with COPD. However, the controversy that has been noted with ICSs is related to the absence of improved clinical outcomes when they are used in the general management of COPD. A meta-analysis has supported this suggestion, demonstrating that the regular use of ICSs was not associated with a reduction in the rate of forced expiratory volume (FEV1) decline. The GOLD guidelines suggest that patients with stages III and IV COPD who suffer from continuous symptoms and have repeated exacerbations (>3 per year) are those most likely to benefit from therapy with an ICS.
The combination product with fluticasone and salmeterol is often used in patients with COPD. Well-designed clinical trials have shown that the combined use of an ICS with a bronchodilator may improve lung function in patients with COPD. More recently, additional trials have suggested benefits in the reduction of exacerbations as well as a potential effect in reducing the decline of lung function (FEV1). It is anticipated that more data will be published over the next few years, solidifying the role of combination therapy with an ICS and a LABA, specifically in those in the earlier stages of COPD. Until that time, or until the GOLD guidelines are updated with new recommendations, prescribers should strongly consider using combination therapy only in patients who are candidates for an ICS and have not responded adequately to therapy with one or more long-acting bronchodilators or their combination.
Patients with COPD can take an active role in optimizing their therapy. Lifestyle modifications are fundamental in the overall management of COPD and may reduce symptoms and avoid the complications associated with the disease. The adoption of healthy behaviors can have a positive impact on COPD-related morbidity. Smoking cessation, engaging in physical activity, and maintaining a proper diet are just a few ways in which patients can maximize their quality of life. Chronic exposure to tobacco smoke, in addition to other environmental irritants, can trigger an inflammatory response in the lungs, leading to the destruction of lung tissue. It is projected that between 80% and 90% of COPD is a direct result of cigarette smoking and/or exposure to secondhand smoke. Smoking cessation can not only prevent the onset of COPD, but it is one of the few known interventions that can actually slow the progression of lung impairment. To date, no pharmacological treatment has been able to duplicate that effect. As a general rule, smoking cessation should be implemented in all patients diagnosed with COPD.
Patients seeking to quit tobacco use should be treated with a combination of both behavioral modification and medication therapy. Nicotine replacement products and non-nicotine-based therapies such as sustained-release bupropion, varenicline, clonidine, topiramate, and tricyclic antidepressants have all been used to promote and support tobacco abstinence. Nicotine replacement products are generally recommended as first-line therapy and are available in various formulations: transdermal patch, nasal spray, oral inhaler, gum, and lozenge. Patient preference is the predominant factor in determining which agent to use. The typical duration of therapy varies among products. Once-daily dosing is an advantage of the transdermal patch, although dose titration is difficult and skin irritation may occur with use. Nicotine gum may satisfy oral cravings, but patients must be counseled on its appropriate use, with an emphasis on the need to chew intermittently as continuous use negates the therapeutic effect. The patch, gum, and lozenge formulations are available over the counter, which increases patient accessibility.
The U.S. Public Health Service guideline for the treatment of tobacco use and dependence recognizes sustained-release bupropion and varenicline as first-line options, whereas clonidine and nortriptyline are designated as second-line therapies. Bupropion may be of added benefit in patients with a comorbid diagnosis of depression, but it is contraindicated in patients with a preexisting seizure disorder. As a partial nicotine agonist, varenicline can curb nicotine cravings and ameliorate withdrawal symptoms. However, behavioral changes and suicidality have been linked to the use of this medication; therefore, the safety of this product has been brought into question. Cognitive issues such as blackouts and loss of consciousness have also been reported. Both clonidine and nortriptyline have fewer data to support their use in smoking cessation and are limited by significant side effects. The intensity of a smoking cessation program is directly related to successful quit rates, and a comprehensive regimen should include behavioral counseling and social support in addition to pharmacotherapy.
Pulmonary rehabilitation should be considered for all COPD patients who remain symptomatic despite pharmacological treatment and for those who exhibit manifestations of the disease. Exercise, in the form of endurance and strength training, is a key component of any program and serves to improve patient outcomes by strengthening respiratory muscles and peripheral musculature and enhancing the ability to perform activities of daily living. Any form of physical activity should be encouraged, even in those who are not able to follow a structured program.
A pulmonary rehabilitation program should also involve psychosocial counseling, education, and a nutritional counseling component. Adherence to a proper diet is beneficial in both overweight and underweight patients with COPD because excess weight may lead to further breathing difficulties and decreased body mass is a known risk factor for mortality. Additionally, individuals who experience reflux should avoid foods that aggravate the condition as this may also exacerbate COPD symptoms. Furthermore, the incorporation of nutritional supplements into the dietary regimen may be considered in patients who have difficulty eating, secondary to breathing issues.
Simple activities such as relaxation and the adoption of alternative techniques, such as pursed-lip breathing, improve breathing efficiency and comfort. Adherence to health care follow-up appointments and staying up-to-date with vaccinations are vital. An annual influenza vaccine should be administered to all COPD patients, and pneumococcal vaccine is recommended in individuals older than 65 years. Additionally, increasing fluid intake to keep mucus thin, use of a humidifier, and reducing exposure to irritants are all behaviors that may enhance response to medications and improve overall quality of life. Finally, being mindful of poor air quality, extremes in temperature, and close contact with people who are ill is imperative.
To date, no medication therapy has been proven to slow the decline of lung function associated with COPD. Lifestyle modifications, specifically smoking cessation, are one of the few interventions conclusively proven to reduce the decline of FEV1. Patients should also be encouraged to participate in regular exercise and to follow a reasonable diet. Medications are used primarily to reduce the symptoms associated with COPD, and some have also been proven to improve quality of life and to reduce exacerbations. Combinations of different classes of medications are typically used as the disease progresses, and ICSs should be added in those with repeated exacerbations in the later stages of the disease.
Smoking Cessation Therapies and Programs, Tobacco Use and Disease, Epidemiology of
Related Credo Articles
Abbreviations ATS American Thoracic Society BMI body mass index COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: It Takes Your Breath Away Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death
What Is COPD? Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, is a term used to describe two diseases that affect the lungs—chronic bronchitis anStudi sulla popolazione hanno documentato la connessione avversa tra gli inquinanti atmosferici (di cui il 50% proviene dai gas di scarico dei motori diesel) e la salute dell’apparato cardiovascolare. Gli effetti specifici delle emissioni dei gas di scarico diesel sull'organismo, che portano a malattie, non sono pienamente compresi. Uno studio recente chiarisce come la respirazione dei livelli urbani dei fumi di scarico del diesel per un tempo relativamente breve abbia effetti prolungati e molteplici sul sistema cardiovascolare.
"Dopo aver respirato aria inquinata per due ore, i partecipanti allo studio hanno mostrato i primi segni di malattia cardiovascolare, con effetti durati fino a 24 ore", ha detto l'autore dello studio il professor Dimitris Tousoulis della National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. "Per evitare danni permanenti, durante l’esperimento studio abbiamo dovuto mantenere i livelli di inquinamento sotto i limiti di sicurezza. Questo significa che anche i livelli 'sicuri' possono essere devastanti per la salute se ripetuti frequentemente. Questo è quello che accade quotidianamente a chi abita in città".
Un totale di 40 volontari sani sono stati divisi in due gruppi. In un laboratorio appositamente progettato ed ermeticamente sigillato, un primo gruppo ha respirato per due ore aria contenente fumi di scarico dei motori diesel, un secondo ha respirato aria filtrata. Dopo quattro settimane, i partecipanti si sono poi scambiati, in modo che tutti fossero sottoposti ad una sessione di aria inquinata e ad una sessione di aria pulita. Le emissioni diesel sono state prodotte da un motore diesel. Per tutta la sessione, i livelli di monossido di carbonio e di altre sostanze inquinanti erano simili a quelli dei centri urbani affollati.
Per valutare l'impatto dei gas di scarico del diesel sul sistema cardiovascolare, i ricercatori hanno misurato la funzione e l'elasticità dei vasi sanguigni, la frequenza cardiaca, la coagulazione del sangue e lo stato di infiammazione - tutti indicatori della salute del cuore e dei vasi sanguigni. Per garantire che qualsiasi cambiamento di questi parametri fosse dovuto solo alle emissioni dei motori diesel, i partecipanti durante il periodo di studio hanno evitato alcol, caffeina, fumo e cambiamenti nella dieta. Rispetto all'aria filtrata, la respirazione di aria inquinata ha avuto un effetto negativo prolungato (almeno 24 ore) su tutte le misurazioni.
Il professor Tousoulis ha concluso: "Il nostro studio fornisce indicazioni sui meccanismi con cui i gas di scarico dei motori diesel aumentano il rischio cardiovascolare. Gli effetti dannosi mostrati in questa ricerca sono suscettibili di aumentare con la ripetuta esposizione a livelli elevati di gas di scarico diesel nelle città, nelle situazioni di traffico intenso, nelle gallerie stradali, nei garage chiusi e sulle grandi autostrade. Sono necessarie misure di salute pubblica più efficienti per migliorare la qualità dell'aria nelle città e prevenire evitabili infarti e ictus".
Fonti: ESC Press Office
Tousoulis D, Fountoulakis P, Oikonomou E, Antoniades C, Siasos G, Tsalamandris S, Georgiopoulos G, Pallantza Z, Pavlou E, Milliou A, Assimakopoulos MN, Barmparesos N, Giannarakis I, Siamata P, Kaski JC. Acute exposure to diesel affects inflammation and vascular function. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2020 Jan 29:2047487319898020. doi: 10.1177/2047487319898020.Originally the St. Charles Hotel, Washington, D.C., circa 1920. "Old Capital Hotel, 3rd and Pennsylvania N.W." When the place was torn down in 1926, the sign had changed from "Capital" to "Capitol."
As reported by The New York Times, "The Closing of a Circle," by FRANCIS X. CLINES, 19 January 2009 -- There are unsettling ghosts of America past all about the National Mall. Hundreds of thousands of people will gather there Tuesday for the inauguration of the nation’s first African-American president. Three blocks from where Barack Obama takes the oath, there was once the Saint Charles Hotel, a popular accommodation on Pennsylvania Avenue before emancipation ruined business for slave traders. It proudly advertised that down below its first-rate restaurant, guests could avail themselves of six, 30-foot-long arched slave cells, replete with wall rings and shackles. The management promised: “In case of escape, full value for the Negro will be paid.”
A few blocks from there was the notorious Yellow House, a three-story brick slave market where trader William Williams prospered enough to purchase two slave ships of his own. Solomon Northrup, a free man from New York who was kidnapped into slavery, passed through on the block and eventually wrote a memoir. He recalled how “the voices of patriotic representatives boasting of freedom and equality,” in the nearby Capitol almost commingled with “the rattling of the poor slave’s chains.”
Mr. Holland found that while the city had a mere 3,100 slaves of its own on the eve of the Civil War, it was an ideal trading platform for slaves bartered Southward by the scores of thousands. The Mall teemed not with tourists, but with pens and blocks “perfect for the sale of human beings,” he writes in his book, “Black Men Built the Capitol.” Black men also helped build the White House, as entrepreneurial masters profited from leasing slaves to the government.
“The inauguration will be the closing of a circle,” says Mr. Holland, more knowledgeable than most Americans about some of the cruel and inspiring ways history can work. His research establishes a singular path between today’s inauguration march and a trek from Robey’s Slave Pen and Tavern (where the Department of Education now sits) for sale and shipment South. “A drove consisting of males and females chained in couples,” a newspaper noted of slaves routinely herded from Robey’s through the heart of Washington. (source: The New York Times)Ne zaman kahve tamp gerekir?
Sage Çift Kazan kahve makinesi var, stok portafilter ve sepetleri kullanarak. Sepete kahve bastırıp sıkıştırmak lazım ve ben portafilter takın, ya da ilk portafilter sepetin içine yerleştirin ve sonra tamp?
İnsanlar nedeniyle saat önce alkol alımı çok fazla bir kalıntı karşılaştığınızda, bazen (en azından benim ülkemde) güzel bir kahve teklif, sadece veya ana "tedavi" gibi, ama böyle bir durumda yardımcı bir unsur olarak kullanılırlar.
Bunun için herhangi bir bilimsel kanıt var mı?
Üst damar iç duvarında bir işaretleyici, H2O işaret
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بسیاری گرفتم و فقط برای او زندگی کردم.
در مجامع عمومی فقط دربارهی او صحبت میکردم. همهی مسایل را به دلخواه او پیش میبردم و او را در مقابل دوستان مشترک و در مقابل خودش، تحسین میکردم. شما باورتان نخواهد شد که چطور از نو شکفت. حتی از گذشته هم بهتر شد. وزن اضافه کرد و دوباره رنگ به رخسارش برگشت. دیگر عصبی نبود و مرا بیشتر از همیشه دوست داشت. هیچ وقت فکر نمیکردم که میتواند این همه عاشق باشد.
و آنگاه من یک چیزی فهمیدم: هر زن انعکاسی است از مردش. اگر شما او را دیوانهوار دوست دارید، او هم عاشق خواهد شد.
فیلم شناسی آنجلینا جولی
با اینکه آنجلینا در فیلم های زیادی بازی کرده است اما دو فیلم برتر او همیشه در ذهن مخاطب می ماند. او در فیلم شکارچی استخوان همراه با دنزل واشنگتون هیجان فوق العاده ای را برای بیننده به ارمغان آورد و بازی در فیلم آقا و خانم اسمیت علاوه بر پر فروش بودن این فیلم آینده ی او را رقم زد.
۱۹۸۲ نگاهی به بیرون
۱۹۹۳ سایبورگ ۲
۱۹۹۵ بدون مدرک
۱۹۹۵ هکرها
۱۹۹۶ عشق است همه آنچه هست
۱۹۹۶ فوکسفایر
۱۹۹۸ جیا
۱۹۹۸ آشپزخانه جهنم
۱۹۹۸ بازی با قلب
۱۹۹۹ شکارچی استخوان
۱۹۹۹ دختر از هم گسیخته
۲۰۰۰ سرقت در شصت ثانیه
۲۰۰۱ لارا کرافت: مهاجم مقبره
۲۰۰۱ گناه اصلی
۲۰۰۲ زندگی یا چیزی شبیه به آن
۲۰۰۳ لارا کرافت مهاجم مقبره: گهواره حیات
۲۰۰۳ فراتر از مرزها
۲۰۰۴ گرفتن جانها
۲۰۰۴ داستان کوسه
۲۰۰۴ کاپیتان آسمان و دنیای فردا
۲۰۰۴ اسکندر
۲۰۰۵ آقا و خانم اسمیت
۲۰۰۶ چوپان خوب
۲۰۰۷ بئوولف
۲۰۰۷ قلب قدرتمند
۲۰۰۷ تحت تعقیب
۲۰۰۸ بچه پریان
۲۰۰۸ پاندای کونگفوکار
۲۰۱۰ سالت
۲۰۱۰ توریست
۲۰۱۱ پاندای کونگفوکار۲
۲۰۱۱ در سرزمین خون و عسل
۲۰۱۴ پلیدFoods to Help Treat SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder)
By Gretel H. Schueller, Contributing Writer forEatingWell
In some cases, the winter blues develop into Seasonal Affective Disorder (aka SAD), a form of depression that begins in late fall, peaks in January and February and usually fades by early spring. Common symptoms of SAD include extreme tiredness–the kind that makes you just want to curl up under the covers and sleep until spring–an intense craving for carbs (especially sweets), irritability, weight gain and the desire to avoid social situations. About 6 percent of the U.S. population falls into its grips annually, and about 15 percent more suffer from a milder version of the winter blues.
What Causes SAD?
One theory holds that the increased hours of darkness disrupt the brain chemicals that affect mood, such as serotonin and melatonin. Some experts believe reduced sunlight causes vitamin D deficiencies–but whether that translates into depression is not entirely clear. There have been conflicting studies on whether there’s a causal connection between low vitamin D levels and depression. So when it comes to a clear cause for SAD, the jury’s still out. While light therapy appears to be one of the most effective treatments for SAD, what you eat can also play a role in alleviating its symptoms. Of course, as with any medical issue, talk with your doctor about treatments if you’re dealing with any kind of depression.
Can Vitamin D Help?Tecrübeli oyuncu Keanu Reeves’in son yıllarda en çok konuşulduğu işi John Wick filmlerindeki rolü için hazırlandığı görüntüler ortaya çıktı. Aktör, oldukça profesyonel bir eğitimden geçiyor ve işini ne kadar ciddiye aldığı görülebiliyor. Filmde kullanılan bazı sahnelere de videoda yer verilmiş.
Son seyrettiğin film, favori dizin ya da yeni keşfettiğin Netflix yapımı hakkında söyleyeceklerin varsa makaleni yaz, içerik ekleme formu ile gönder, anasayfada yayınlansın.
Gönderinin ilgili olduğu bazı etiketlerin tanımları ve kanal bağlantıları aşağıda listelenmiştir.
Keanu Reeves — Keanu Charles Reeves, Kanadalı aktör, yapımcı, yönetmen ve müzisyen. Adının anlamı "Dağlardan esen rüzgar" dır. Annesi ile babası Beyrut'ta bir gece kulübünde tanışmışlardır. Annesi İngiliz, babası Çin asıllı bir Hawaii'lidir.Tüm Keanu Reeves içerikleri →
Sinema — Kamera aracılığı ile elde edilmiş görüntülerin bir ışık aracılığı ile beyaz renkte bir perdeye yansıtılarak film adı verilen sesli veya sessiz hareketli görüntüler elde edilmesi işidir.Tüm Sinema içerikleri →
Yetenek — Bir yetenek, belirli bir düzeyde belirli bir işi belli bir düzeyde yapma yetkinliğinin bir bileşenidir. Üstün yetenek "yetenek" olarak kabul edilebilir. Bir yetenek fiziksel veya zihinsel olabilir. Yetenek, gelişmiş veya gelişmemiş olsun, belli türden işler yapmak için doğuştan gelen bir potansiyeldir.Tüm Yetenek içerikleri →Aşağıdaki gönderiler de ilginizi çekebilir.FHA- 2018 dünya poomse şampiyonası Perşembe günü dünyanın 54 ülkesinden 1274 sporcunun katılımı ile Tayvan’da başladı.
İran’ın Poomse milli takımı, 11. Dünya Poomse şampiyonasının ikinci gününün sonunda toplam madalya sayısını beşe yükseltti.
İran’ın Poomse milli takımı ikinci günün sonuna kadar bir altın, bir gümüş ve üç bronz madalya kazandı.
Şampiyonanın 4 gün süreceği belirtildi.Some of the best lessons and memories we can give our children come from the time we spend reading with them.
THE TAKE OF KALE by Lisa Borden
The original story for this book was conceived and created by my daughter, Joey, when she was 8 years old. Andy, the main character, and my youngest son, is a true character in real life and teaches our family a lot, with much enjoyment and love (mixed with some frustration!). It is my hope that children of all ages will understand and experience food in ways that are fun and relevant to their everyday lives by reading The Tale of Kale.
VEGGIES COLOURING BOOK by Chef Doug McNish
No matter how old you are or how much cooking experience you have, these colouring books are designed to get you excited about whole, healthy foods. Each vegetable featured in this book is paired with a description and fun fact – some of them may surprise you!
THE GIVING TREE by Shel Silverstein
I love Shel Silverstein, and his books should all be part of your home library, but the Giving Tree has a special place on your reading list because it is a simple story, with so much meaning, and simple illustrations to trigger your child’s imagination and strike up many conversations. Most outwardly, it highlights the wonderful lesson of generosity, love and appreciation.
THE MISSING PIECE by Shel Silverstein
Another Shel Silverstein classic where the simple black and white line art illustrations will entertain and interest all ages. This book should be bought as a hardcover and read at all ages and stages of life. The circle (main character) feels that finding its Missing Piece will make it happy. But, upon finding a “perfect” Missing Piece, the circle realizes that it can no longer enjoy many of its favourite activities. Great (and fun) way of realizes the importance of a good adventure, a strong identity and self-worth and of course, true happiness.
STARTING FROM SCRATCH by Sarah Elton
This book teaches young chefs to make sense of recipes and discover that food is more than just a prepackaged meal. Reading this book with your kids will inspire them to eat better, try new flavors, and understand what’s on their plate.
THE LORAX by Dr. Seuss
This book is a must-read for young eco-lovers. The Lorax speaks for the trees (and for the other whimsical creatures being threatened by mass production and consumption). The Lorax is not only an ecological warning, but also a lesson to kids, that caring for nature can make a difference!
MY MANY COLORED DAYS by Dr. Seuss
Not one of the best-known Dr. Seuss titles, but definitely tops my long list of books to read (and gift). This colourful rhyming story is a incredible, fun read and starts kids expressing themselves, and understanding their moods, feelings and emotions too. We all have grey days, but reading this will definitely make it a yellow one!
MILO’s ADVENTURES: A STORY ABOUT LOVE by This book illustrates how families are different in so many ways, but the common thread we all should be focused on is that family is about love. Not only does this beautiful storybook have heart, it also serves as a useful tool to explain and open discussion about surrogacy to their children.
MY NEW BEST FRIEND by Sara Marlowe
Like all of the books on this kidlit list, My New Best Friend’s story is still relevant for adults too. We know to treat people with extra kindness and understanding, especially when they might be struggling with something, but why don’t we always do the same for ourselves? My New Best Friend suggests beautifully that children treat themselves with kindness, encouraging self-compassion, positive self-esteem, and the understanding we need to be our own best friends, always!Excellence in Scholarship and Learning
War, the Hero and the Will
Hardy, Tolstoy and the Napoleonic Wars
Jane L. Bownas is an independent scholar who has published several articles on Thomas Hardy, and her book, Thomas Hardy and Empire: The Representation of Imperial Themes in the Work of Thomas Hardy was published in 2012.
Thomas Hardy’s The Dynasts and Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace are both works which defy attempts to assign them to a particular genre but might seem to have little else in common apart from being set in the same period of history. This study argues that there are important similarities between these two works and examines the close correspondence between Hardy’s and Tolstoy’s thinking on themes relating to war, ideas of the heroic and the concept of free will. Although coming from very different backgrounds, both writers were influenced by their experiences of war, Tolstoy directly, by involvement in the wars in the Caucasus and the Crimea, and Hardy indirectly, by the events of the Anglo-Boer Wars. Their reaction to these experiences found expression in their descriptions of the wars fought against Napoleon at the beginning of the century.
Hegel saw Napoleon as ‘the great world-historical man of his time’, and this work considers the ways in which Hardy and Tolstoy undermine this view, portraying Napoleon’s physical and mental decline and questioning the role he played in determining the outcomes of military actions. Both writers were deeply interested in the question of free will and determinism and their writings reveal their attempts to understand the nature of the force which lies behind men’s actions. Their differing views on the nature of consciousness are considered in the light of modern research on the development of the conscious brain.
|Hardback Price:||£55.00 / $69.95|
|Release Date:||April 2015|
|Paperback Price:||£22.95 / $34.95|
|Release Date:||September 2017|
|Page Extent / Format:||224 pp. / 229 x 152 mm|
Author Jane Bownas has published articles and a book on Thomas Hardy. In this book, she finds similarities between Thomas Hardy’s The Dynasts and Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace, investigating their ideas on war, heroism, free will, determinism, and consciousness in the context of their descriptions of the Napoleonic Wars. These themes are examined in light of the ideas of thinkers including Hegel, Descartes, and Nietzsche, and in light of modern research in the neuroscience of consciousness.
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1953’te Bardeen ve Brattain yarıiletkenleri dışarıdan ışıkla aydınlatmanın yüzey potansiyellerindeki değişimi tetiklediğini keşfettiler. Surface Photo Voltage (SPV) bu fenomen üstüne kurulmuş bütün tekniklerin ana ismidir. Önce SPV ölçümleri hal ışık kaynakları ve yüzey potansiyeli sensörü olarak Kelvin probuyla yapıldı. Sonra gürültü sinyal oranı kesikli ışık uygulamasıyla, değişen yüzey potansiyelini kapasitif belirlemeyle, ve lock-in amplifier ile büyük ölçüde arttı. Şimdilerde bu konfigürasyon SPV ölçümlerinde standart olarak kabul görmektedir.Başköşelerin Değişmez Sesi: Radyo
Evlerin, işyerlerin ve, arabaların bir zamanlar vazgeçilmez sesi olan ama günümüzde pek rağbet edilmeyen radyoların tarihini merak ediyor musunuz ? İlk radyo yayınından ilk spikere kadar Türkiye'de radyo tarihi;
1. Eşref Şefik
Takvimler 6 Mayıs 1927'yi gösterirken, İstanbul'da az sayıda bulunan radyo alıcılarından Eşref Şefik'in anonsu duyulur. İlk radyo spikerimiz olan Şefik, şöyle seslenir: ''Allo... Muhterem, samiin. Burası İstanbul Telsiz Telefonu. 1200 metre tul-u mevç, 250 kilosaykıl. Bugünkü tecrübe neşriyatımıza başlıyoruz.'' İstanbul Radyosu 89 sene önce bu tarihte bu ilk anonsla yayınına başlamıştı. Düzenli radyo yayınları başlamadan önce Türkiye'de sesin ilk çıkışı konusunda 1923 yılında deneme yapıldığını kaynaklardan öğreniyoruz.
2. İlk mekanlar
Bu kesik denemelerden 4 yıl sonra Türkiye, ilk düzenli radyo yayınlarını başlattı. Türkiye, dünyadaki radyoların ticari yayınları başlayalı 7 yıl olmasına rağmen dünya ülkelerinin çoğundan evvel davranarak düzenli yayına başlar. 1554 metreden Ankara Radyosu yayına başlar. Ankara Radyosu'nun beş kilowathk vericisi, eski adıyla Babarahmanlar şimdiki Telsizler'deydi. 1927 yılında dünyada 123, Türkiye'de 2 radyo istasyonu mevcuttu.
3. İstanbul Radyosu'nun temelleri
O zamanlar ülkemizin dünyaya açılan tek penceresi olan İstanbul Radyosu'nun ilk stüdyosu Sirkeci'deki Büyük Postahane'nin üstünde, beş kilovvatlık vericisi de Hasdal mevkisindeydi. İstanbul Radyosu'nun yayınlarını Türk Telsiz Telefon Anonim Şirketi (TTTAŞ) tarafından PTT namına yapılıyordu. Şirket bu amaçla 8 Eylül 1926 yılında hükümetle on yıllık sözleşmeyi imzalamıştı.
4. Radyo günleri dergileri
Bugünkü İstanbul Radyosu 1949 yılında yayına başladıktan sonra çok sayıda radyo dergisi çıktı. O dergiler bir zamanlar radyo günlerinin vazgeçilmeziydi. Hükmünü 1960'lı yıllara kadar devam ettiren bu dergiler, radyoların daimi dinleyicilerinin isteklerine cevap veriyordu. Radyo Haftası, Radyonun Sesi, Radyo Alemi, Resimli Radyo Dünyası bu dergilerin en popüler olanlarıydı.
5. Avrupa Güreş Şampiyonası
1945 yılı geldiğinde bugünkü İstanbul Radyosu'nun kesin temelleri atılır. İstanbul Radyosu, deneme yayınları 4-6 Haziran tarihleri arasında Avrupa Güreş Şampiyonası'nda yapar. İlk güreş yayınını Eşref Şefik anlatır. Üç günlük başarılı deneme yayınından sonra Basın Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü hazırlıkları hızlandırır ve müdür olarak Hasan Refik Ertuğ tayin edilir. 1 Eylül 1949'da ise resmen deneme yayınlarına başlanır. Düzenli yayınlar ise 19 Kasım 1949'da düzenli yayına geçilir. O gün saat 19:00'da yayın İstiklal Marşı'yla beraber açılır. Spiker Selahattin Küçük açılışı yapar ve dönemin Cumhurbaşkanı İsmet İnönü'nün plağa kaydedilmiş konuşması yayınlanır.
6. Spiker Selahattin Küçük ilk yayını anlatıyor
İlk anonsu yapan Selahattin Küçük'ün anonsu şu şekildeydi: ''Burası İstanbul Radyosu. 428 metre 701 kilosikl TAW. Sayın dinleyiciler bu akşamki yayınımıza başlıyoruz. '' Mikrofon karşısında bir kişiye değil bütün memlekete konuşuyorsunuz. Mikrofon canlıdır. Spikerlikte neyi anons ediyorsanız ona göre konuşmak zorundasınız. Haber okurken de nötr olmanız gerekir. Bu cümlelerle ilk duygu ve düşüncelerini dile getirir. Radyonun açtığı spikerlik sınavını Selahattin Küçük ile beraber Mekşufe Ekeman ve Tarık Gürcan da kazanır. Bu isimler radyo tarihimizin ilk spikerleridir.
DİĞERLERİ
İnsanlığın Kaybedildiği Yer: Hiroşima ve Nagazaki
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8,450 | 6 | 2 |
. Remember, you are the caregiver so you need to show understanding, calmness and patience
- Communicating while you are angry. When you are angry because the patient doesn’t seem to cooperate, it doesn’t help trying to communicate. Calm down and try explaining things again later.
- Using a demanding tone. This is not good for anyone. Show respect when you are talking to an Alzheimer’s patient and keep in mind that all that aggressiveness or inability to communicate is caused by the disease, and not by the person.
- Treating your patient like a child in communication. There is no need to use baby talk with your patient, but try to communicate the way you do with an adult.
- Using complex phrases. This is yet another mistake, because patients have a huge difficulty in understanding complex phrases, nuances in speaking or irony. Use simple and clear language, while waiting patiently for an answer.
We may be able to help! www.conciergehomecarefl.com.学习要点 1、重点掌握借物言志，比拟手法的运用。 ③欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。。 当声波振动鼓膜时.三个听小骨的连续运动，将声波的振动传入内耳。 例如： 驱而之薛，使吏召诸民当偿者，悉来合卷。 （三）学习动机的激发 1、创设问题情境，实施启发式教学 （1）问题情境创设的理论基础：成就动机理论；（2）问题情境创设的基本要求：熟悉教材，了解学生，贯穿始终。 临床上可经阴道后穹行腹膜腔穿刺抽液，以协助诊断和治疗。 余始循(xún)以入，道少半，越中岭，复循西谷，遂至其巅。 38.毛泽东在中共七届三中全会上的讲话中指出，党在当时的战略和策略是：不要四面出击。 园林艺术在广义上是建筑艺术的一种类型。 所谓艺术修养,是指在取得一定基础知识和一定的艺术实践的基本技能的基础上,才有可能进一步提高自己的艺术理论修养和艺术创作技巧,已达到一定高度和水平,并熟练自如的创造出具有艺术意蕴和神韵的艺术作品五个方面:1.进步的世界观和审美理想.艺术家具有敏锐的感受、丰富的情感和生动的想象能力.艺术家具有卓越的创造能力和鲜明的创作个性,具有强烈的创新意识.,艺术家必须具有专门的艺术技能,熟悉并掌握某一具体艺术种类的艺术语言和专业技巧。 至于偏僻不在道路附近的石碑，都没来得及去看。 2、理解马斯洛的需要层次理论、成就动机理论、成败归因理论和成就结构理论。 www.33655.com 1、艺术生产理论的艺术系统:艺术创作—艺术作品—艺术欣赏。 实事求是是党的思想路线的核心和实质。 虹膜呈圆盘状，中央有一圆孔，称瞳孔。 www.188611.comwww.yingjia001.comwww.555519.com1898年初，康有为呈递了《应诏统筹全局折》，这个奏折实际上是资产阶级维新派的施政纲领。1、赋是战国后期发展成的一种文体，盛行于汉代，故名汉赋。February 26, 1848 — Today, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published their “Communist Manifesto” — a political pamphlet recognised as one of the world’s most influential political manuscripts.
The German philosophers took an analytical approach to the class struggle (historical and then-present) by summarizing the problems of capitalism and the capitalist mode of production. Their theories about the nature of society and politics also features their ideas for how the capitalist society of the time would eventually be replaced by socialism, and then communism.
At first, it had little or no impact on the widespread and varied revolutionary movements of the mid-19th century Europe, or the US. But in time, their Communist Manifesto became one of the most widely read and discussed documents of the 20th century.
Following are the 10 planks of the theory:
1. Abolition of private property and the application of all rent to public purpose.
2. A heavy progressive or graduated income tax.
3. Abolition of all rights of inheritance.
4. Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels.
5. Centralization of credit in the hands of the State, by means of a national bank with state capital and an exclusive monopoly.
6. Centralization of the means of communication and transportation in the hands of the State.
7. Extention of factories and instruments of production owned by the State, the bringing into cultivation of waste lands, and the improvement of the soil generally in accordance with a common plan.
8. Equal liablity of all to labor. Establishment of Industrial armies, especially for agriculture.
9. Combination of agriculture with manufacturing industries; gradual abolition of the distinction between town and country by a more equable distribution of the population over the country.
10. Free education for all children in government schools. Abolition of children’s factory labor in its present form. Combination of education with industrial production.
Words of Wisdom
The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.Siamo stati consigliati , e ci siamo recati in questo locale , molto caratteristico,interni in pietra, un grosso camino all ingresso . Abbiamo preso un antipasto vegetariano e una tagliatella con tartufo nero , x secondo 2 porzioni di coniglio .Tutto molto buono e abbondante , i prezzi sono molto bassi .Decisamente da consigliare , e da ritornarci.乙肝疫苗的正确使用方法是什么?
乙型肝炎疫苗全程接种共3 针，按照0、1、6 个月程序，即接种第1 针疫苗后，间隔1 及6 个月注射第2 及第3 针疫苗。新生儿接种乙型肝炎疫苗越早越好，要求在出生后24 h 内接种。新生儿的接种部位为大腿前部外侧肌肉内，儿童和成人为上臂三角肌中部肌肉内注射。单用乙型肝炎疫苗阻断母婴传播的保护率为87.8%。
[10] 朱建琼, 黄振宇, 毛东波, 李粤荣. 健康人群乙型肝炎疫苗再免疫抗体应答. 中国疫苗和免疫. 2009. (02): 152-158.
我国大多数乙肝病毒携带者来源于新生儿及儿童期的感染。由此可见，新生儿的预防尤为重要，所有新生儿都应当接种乙肝疫苗。这是因为新生儿对乙肝病毒最没有免疫力，而且免疫功能尚不健全，一旦受染，很难清除病毒而成为乙肝病毒携带者。其次，学龄前儿童也应进行接种。第三是HBsAg阳性者的配偶及其他从事有感染乙肝危险职业的人，如密切接触血液的人员、医护人员、血液透析患者等。第四是意外暴露于乙肝病毒的人，如意外地被HBsAg阳性血液污染的针头刺伤，或被HBsAg阳性血液溅于眼结膜或口腔黏膜，输入HBsAg阳性的血液等，均应接种乙肝疫苗。
[3] 吴振华, 崔富强, 龚晓红等. 新生儿接种乙型肝炎疫苗后低/无应答的影响因素. 中国疫苗和免疫. 2008. 14(5): 464-469.
对于母亲一方为单纯表面抗原阳性的新生儿，单用乙肝疫苗就可取得比较满意的效果，乙肝疫苗的使用方法依然是0、1、6方案，有报导认为第一针可打2支(10微克/l毫升)效果更好。
[2] 郑徽, 崔富强, 龚晓红等. 5微克重组乙型肝炎疫苗(酵母)3剂初次免疫后低/无应答儿童再免疫1剂的抗体应答. 中国疫苗和免疫. 2010. (05): 443-446.
乙肝病毒病理切片
[11] Kallinowski B, Knoll A, Lindner E, et al. Can monovalent hepatitis A and B vaccines be replaced by a combined hepatitis A/B vaccine during the primary immunization course. Vaccine. 2000. 19(1): 16-22.
对于母亲一方为乙肝病毒表面抗原和e抗原双阳性的新生儿最好是联合应用高效价的乙肝免疫球蛋白和乙肝疫苗。具体方法是新生儿采 用注射2次高效价乙肝免疫球蛋白(出生后立即及出生后1个月各注射1支，每支200国际单位)及3次乙肝疫苗(每次10微克，生后2、3、5月各注射1次)；也有采取出生后立即注射1支高效价乙肝免疫球蛋白，及3次乙肝疫苗(每次15微克，生后立即及1月、6月各注射1次)，2个方案保护的成功率都在90%以上。
按照0、1、6个月免疫程序，乙肝疫苗3剂接种完成1个月后检测血清HBV表面抗体(抗HBs)，滴度＜10 mIU/ml为无应答，10～100 mIU/ml为低应答，＞100 mIU/ml为正常应答[2, 3]。世界卫生组织在《乙型肝炎疫苗：WHO立场性文件》中指出：接种了3针基础免疫的乙肝疫苗后1～3个月检测抗体水平，若“抗HBs抗体≥10 mIU/ml，则可视为机体已对乙型肝炎病毒感染具备了抵御能力。”同时还指出：“接种乙肝疫苗后抗HBs滴度峰值越高，其下降至≤10 mIU/ml所需的时间也就越长。”
如果新生儿的父母均没有乙肝，该新生儿在出生后应尽快(24小时内)给予基因工程乙肝疫苗1支肌肉注射，注射部位新生儿为大腿前部外侧肌肉1个月后，再打1支，6个月后再打1支，一共3针，此方案称为0、1、6方案；儿童和成人打疫苗前需先进行化验，如果乙肝三系统检查均为阴性，转氨酶正常，可以按0、1、6方案进行乙肝疫苗接种。免疫成功率为90%以上，免疫成功的标志是乙肝表面抗体转为阳性，保护时间一般至少可持续12年，接种者可定期复查乙肝三系统，只要表面抗体依然存在，证明免疫能力依旧。
我家宝宝就是对乙肝抗体不敏感，打了之后，我带他去验血，查不出体内有乙肝抗体。一个很偶然的机会。我带他去了一家医院，这个医生是儿科专家，主要研究儿童肝病。给孩子做了个乙肝两对半，就是那个查乙肝抗体的那个测试。看了之后说，五年之内，我孩子的乙肝抗体不用管他，我问为什么，验血明明都显示没有抗体啊。他说我孩子最近刚接触过有乙肝的人，体内抗体飙升到很高，这说明孩子体内有抗体，只是对疫苗不敏感。我顿时就放心了。打了这么多，我可能没说清楚，其实就是找个儿童肝病反面的专家，抽个静脉血就能看出来。
对于意外暴露于乙肝病毒的人，在意外接触 HBV 感染者的血液和体液后，可按照以下方法处理：a.血清学检测 应立即检测HBsAg、抗-HBs、ALT 等，并在3 和6 个月内复查。b.主动和被动免疫 如已接种过乙型肝炎疫苗，且已知抗-HBs 10 mIU/ml 者，可不进行特殊处理。如未接种过乙型肝炎疫苗，或虽接种过乙型肝炎疫苗，但抗-HBs 10 mIU/ml 或抗-HBs 水平不详，应立即注射HBIG 200~400 IU，并同时在不同部位接种一针乙型肝炎疫苗 (20g)，于1 和6 个月后分别接种第2 和第3 针乙型肝炎疫苗 (各20g)。
References
乙肝疫苗的接种需视具体情况并遵医嘱进行，接种疫苗后一般反应轻微，少部分人可能出现低热、接种部位红肿、压痛等症状，一般均在1～2天内消失，乙肝疫苗使用的安全性有可靠的保证。从免疫效果看，大量研究表明，受种者的抗体阳转率在90%以上，接种疫苗后三年，保护率在80%以上；而且，只要疫苗合用方法适宜，疫苗HbsAg含量足够并稳定，疫苗免疫阻断母婴传播的效果也十分理想。
[8] 孙莲英, 庞志钊, 张文英等. 不同剂量重组乙型肝炎疫苗(酵母)阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播的研究. 中国计划免疫. 2006. 12(4): 262-263.
打完针后，我带孩子验过血。显示没有抗体，说明接种失败了，第二次接种已经完成，等过段时间再去验
有的有很多宝宝都是抽血化验的，因为乙肝抗体只有通过血液检验出来，刚出生的宝宝会打乙肝疫苗，一个月后又打一阵，再到六个月再打一阵，三针下来如果化验宝宝有抗体了就可以了，如果没有产生抗体还得继续接种！需要注意的是最好每年或者每两年加强一针！
由于机体对疫苗的应答情况与疫苗的抗原结构有关，对重组酵母乙肝疫苗免疫后低应答或无应答者换用高剂量的中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)疫苗或甲、乙型肝炎疫苗联合免疫，可提高免疫成功率[10, 11]。
对于父母是乙肝病毒感染者的孩子，如果接种疫苗后无应答，仍有感染乙肝病毒的风险。低应答的孩子，因抗体可较快地下降至<10 mU/m1，也可能面临乙肝病毒感染的风险。因此，应进行加强免疫接种。
我国2015年版《乙肝指南》推荐：“对免疫功能低下或无应答者，应增加疫苗的接种剂量(如60 μg)和针次；对3针免疫程序无应答者可再接种1针60 μg或3针20 μg重组酵母乙肝疫苗，并于第2次接种乙肝疫苗后1～2个月检测血清中抗-HBs，如仍无应答，可再接种1针60 μg重组酵母乙肝疫苗。”
父母一方有乙肝或双方都有乙肝的，生下的宝宝多半会抽血验有没有乙肝，如果宝宝是五项全阴就应该按要求接种乙肝疫苗(出生当天，一个月和六个月分别打一针乙肝疫苗)，还要打乙肝免疫球蛋白两针(出生当天和一个月时各一针)。
- 16(4): 399-402.
关键词：
Breve
storia del GO
Sono
ormai in molti a definirlo il gioco più bello di tutti i giochi.
Basta appena una mezz'ora per imparare a giocare ma dopo 4.000 anni sono ancora risolte del
tutto molte questioni di strategia, soprattutto
sull'apertura della partita.
Le
origini del gioco si perdono, come molti aspetti della cultura orientale,
nel mito. Sembra che la sua origine sia da far risalire a oltre 2000
anni prima di Cristo in Tibet. Il Go è forse derivato da un abaco
o da un calendario astronomico. La leggenda vuole che Yao, imperatore semi-mitico del XXIII secolo avanti Cristo, inventò il go per istruire il figlio Dan Zhu.
Il gioco giunse in Cina intorno
all'anno 1000 a.c.
Il primo riferimento scritto giunto sino
a noi si colloca verso il 625 a.c. dello stesso periodo è il più
antico tavoliere rinvenuto (in porcellana bianca di 18x18 caselle).
Il Go ha rivestito molta importanza nella società cinese
e molte personalità politico-religiose nel tempo, come Confucio o Mencio, si occuparono di stabilire se, e come, la pratica del gioco fosse deleteria, o utile. Per questo motivo il gioco del go ebbe periodi di intenso sviluppo, in cui fu alta la sua diffusione tra tutte le fasce di popolazione, alternati a periodi di intensa crisi e persecuzione, in cui la pratica fu bandita
e delimitata ad un ristretto numero di persone, solitamente l'élite dello stato e le classi colte.
Lo
sviluppo più importante, dal punto di vista di elaborazione teorica,
si ebbe con il suo arrivo in Giappone, avvenuto nel 752 dopo Cristo
ad opera di un ambasciatore di ritorno dalla Cina.
Qui il Go diventa un'arte raffinata.
Sino
al secolo XI il GO veniva giocato esclusivamente nella corte dei
re. dal XII secolo il GO divenne il gioco dei samurai,
tanto che faceva parte dell'equipaggiamento del guerriero
e che, si narra, alla fine di ogni battaglia i samurai si dedicavano sempre
al gioco
del GO.
Sino a tutto il 1600 il
GO figurava tra le materie obbligatorie delle scuole elementari.
L'aristocrazia vedeva in esso più che un gioco un'arte marziale, un dou, ossia una via di perfezionamento e di disciplina interiore
.
Nel
1605 lo Shogun Ieyasu Tokugawa fondò l'accademia nazionale
del GO e venne istituito il titolo e l'incarico di Maestro di GO. Sino al 1867 fu lo stato ad occuparsi
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تان باید در url، عنوان، برچسب ALT عکس ها، پاراگراف اول یا همان مقدمه، متادسکریپشن یا همان توضیحات متا، برخی از زیرعنوان ها و نامک وجود داشته باشد.
توجه داشته باشید که:
- در تایتل، تیتر یا همان عنوان مقاله تان حتماً باید از کلمه کلیدی تان استفاده کنید. این کلمه ضرورتاً نباید اولین کلمه ی عنوان شما باشد. می توانید در اواسط یا انتهای تایتل خود نیز از آن استفاده کنید. در ضمن یادتان باشد که عنوان شما باید تگ H1 باشد.
- در تصویر شاخص یا اصلی که برای صفحه تان انتخاب می کنید، برای اینکه ویژگی Alt تصاویر را رعایت کرده باشید، حتماً باید کلیدواژه را قرار دهید.
- حداقل در 50 درصد عکس های موجود داخل صفحه بعد از تصویر شاخص هم باید از کلید واژه استفاده کنید.
- در متن صفحه تان هم به ازای حدود هر 200 کلمه سعی کنید از یک کلیدواژه حتماً استفاده کنید.
برای موفقیت در محتوا، جستجوی کلمات کلیدی به شما این امکان را می دهد تا موضوعاتی را شناسایی کنید که مخاطبان مورد نظر شما در جستجوی آنها می باشند. تحقیقات کلمات کلیدی فرآیند انتخاب بهترین پرس و جوها برای نوشتن و بهینه سازی محتوای شما است. در صورت سفارش تولید محتوا متنی خود می توانید با راه های ارتباطی سایتSEOEDU تماس بگیرید. مطمئن باشید که یک محتوای جذاب، کاربرپسند و سئو شده تحویل خواهید گرفت.
پیشنهاد ما به شما جهت کسب اطلاعات بیشتر درمورد سئو داخلی این است که محتوا آموزش on page سئو را مطالعه کنید.
10 نکته مهم برای انتخاب کلمه کلیدی اصلی
هدف از عبارت کلیدی کانونی در یواست سئو چیست؟
وقتی صحبت از SEO و آموزش سئو می شود، کلمات کلیدی هنوز هم اهمیت زیادی دارند. کلمات کلیدی ایده هایی هستند که موضوع محتوای شما را مشخص می کنند.
از نظر سئو آنها کلمات و عباراتی هستند که جستجوگران در موتورهای جستجو وارد می کنند. این کلمات می توانند یک کلمه واحد باشند یا یک عبارت طولانی! که برای اطلاع از محتوای وبسایت و به تبع آن افزایش ترافیک جستجوی مرتبط و ارگانیک استفاده می شود.
کلید واژه کانونی از آن جهت که بین موضوعاتی که مردم به دنبال آن هستند و محتوایی که شما برای برآوردن این نیاز ارائه می دهید، نقش مهمی ایفا می کند، اهمیت زیادی دارد. هدف شما از رتبه بندی در موتورهای جستجو این است که از صفحات نتایج موتورهای جستجو (SERPs) ترافیک ارگانیک را به سایت خود هدایت کنید! پس کلمات کلیدی که برای هدف گذاری انتخاب می کنید، تعیین کننده نوع ترافیک دریافتی شما خواهد بود.
بازاریابی محتوایی یعنی این که برای ایجاد محتوایی که رتبه بندی خوبی از نظر ارگانیک داشته باشد و بازدیدکنندگان را به سایت شما هدایت کند، باید نیازهای آن کاربران، زبان مورد استفاده آنها و نوع محتوایی که آنها به دنبال آن هستند را درک کنید.
کلیدواژه کانونی در یوست و چراغ سبز سئو
اگر یک کلید واژه کانونی را برای صفحه ای که افزونه Yoast SEO در آن نصب شده، تعیین کنید، این افزونه با ارزیابی محتوای صفحه شما در مورد نحوه بهبود محتوای تان مطالبی را در پایین صفحه ارائه می دهد تا شما با اصلاح اشکالات و رفع نواقص آن مطلب، شانس بیشتری برای رتبه بندی در آن کلمه یا عبارت جستجو داشته باشید.
در سایت های وردپرسی که از افزونه yoast برای رعایت اصول سئو استفاده می کنند، پس از وارد کردن کلمه کلیدی در بخش عبارت کلیدی اصلی، برخی از نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل سئو با رنگ قرمز نشان داده می شوند. این چراغ های قرمز نشان دهنده این است که برخی از مشکلات و اشکالات در متن شما وجود دارد!
برای سئوی وردپرس می توان از افزونههای زیادی کمک گرفت، اما اگر می خواهید یک افزونه حرفه ای سئو روی سایت تان داشته باشید، افزونه Yoast SEO شروع خوبی برای یادگیری نحوه استفاده صحیح از کلمه کلیدی اصلی در یک صفحه یا پست است.
با این افزونه این فرصت در اختیار شما قرار داده می شود تا قبل از اینکه مقاله خودتان را در سایت منتشر کنید، اشکالات آن را بدانید و نسبت به رفع آنها اقدام نمایید. اگر بخواهیم بگوییم که این افزونه فقط در مورد کلمه کلیدی، کدام موارد را اشکال می گیرد می توان به این موارد اشاره کرد:
- عبارت کلیدی در مقدمه
- توزیع عبارت کلیدی
- طول عبارت کلیدی
- تراکم عبارت کلیدی
- عبارت کلیدی در متای توضیحات
- عبارت کلیدی مصرف شده
- عبارت کلیدی در زیر عنوان ها
در صورتی که این موارد را رعایت نکرده باشید، چراغتان به رنگ قرمز نشان داده خواهد شد، در غیر این صورت چراغ سبز را از این افزونه دریافت خواهید کرد.
برای مشاوره سئو و مطرح کردن سوالات تان در این زمینه می توانید از کارشناسان SEOEDU کمک بگیرید.
سوالات متداول
1- آیا هر صفحه باید یک کلیدواژه کانونی داشته باشد؟
نه خیر! هر صفحه به یک کلمه کلیدی اصلی نیاز ندارد. مثلاً صفحه تماس با ما یکی از این صفحات است که نیازی به رتبه بندی برای هیچ کلمه کلیدی به جز آدرس یا ایمیل شرکت شما ندارد..حتی برخی از پست هایی که به صورت موقت منتشر می کنید، احتمالاً ارزش بهینه سازی را ندارند.
2- کاربرد کلید واژه کانونی چیست؟
شما اگر طبق نیاز مخاطبان تان برای آنها محتوا بنویسید می توانید میزان ترافیک محتوای خودتان را افزایش دهید و بر میزان همسویی آن با مخاطبانتان تأثیر بگذارید. برای این کار یک وب سایت مرتبط ایجاد کنید، کلمات کلیدی اصلی پرجستجو توسط مخاطبان تان را پیدا کنید تا میزان مشارکت را افزایش داده، اشتراک گذاری اجتماعی و لینک های پشتیبان را تشویق کرده و بدین ترتیب اقتدار و رتبه دامنه تان را بهبود بخشید.
3- تراکم کلمات کلیدی چیست؟
تراکم یا چگالی کلمات کلیدی (Keyword density) که به عنوان فراوانی یا فرکانس کلمات کلیدی نیز شناخته می شود، تعداد دفعاتی است که یک کلمه کلیدی در یک صفحه وب ظاهر می شود. چه یک صفحه جدید به سایت خود اضافه کنید و چه یک پست وبلاگ بنویسید، تراکم کلمات کلیدی برای کمک به رتبه بندی صحیح صفحه شما در نتایج جستجو بسیار مهم است.
4- نحوه پیدا کردن تراکم کلمات کلیدی چگونه است؟
برای پیدا کردن تراکم کلمات کلیدی، تعداد دفعاتی را که کلمه کلیدی خود را در صفحه ذکر کرده اید را بر تعداد کل کلمات صفحه تقسیم کنید. با ضرب نتیجه خود در 100 می توانید این نسبت را به درصد تبدیل کنید.Adipohemosit nedir?
Adipohemosit omurgasız hayvanlarda kan hücre tipidir. Yuvarlak veya oval şekilli hücrelerdir. Sitoplazmalarında lipit benzeri inklüzyonlar bulundururlar. Çok sayıda granüler yapı içermelerine karşı bu yapılar lipit inklüzyonları değildir. bu inklüzyonlar genellikle nükleus çevresinde toplanmışlardır. Bazı türlerde hücreler dışarıya doğru filliform (saçak şeklinde) yapıda yalancı ayaklar çıkarır. Adipohemositler, mitokondri, lizozom, golgi kompleksi GER, açık renkli vakuoller, lipit ingklüzyonları ve yalancı ayaklara sahiptirler. Bazı araştırmacılar adipohemositlerin yağla dolu olduklarını da belirtmişlerdir1. Eureka – Canada
A small research base, Eureka, is located in the Canadian territory of Nunavut and has only eight rotating population. They receive supplies by air every one to two weeks. Eureka’s annual average temperature is -18.8 ° C.
2. Rogers Pass – USA
The Rogers Pass in Montana, USA, is the warmest place on this list. It is 5,610m above sea level and has a temperature of 0° C to 10° C during January.
Would you believe that the temperature in Prospect Creek drops to -10°? On January 23, 1971, it was declared the coldest area in the United States where it reached an average temperature of -62.2°C
4. Stanley – United States
The town of Stanley, which has only 63 population, is one of the coldest places on earth. The temperature in this place can drop to 8°C in December. And can reach an average temperature of 28°C in July.
One of the places with the lowest temperature can be found in the North American continent – in a small valley of Snag. With an average high temperature of 0° C and low temperature can drop to -12.2°C
Tags: coldest place in the world 2019,coldest place in the india,coldest major cities in the world,coldest place on earth right now 2019,coldest country on earth,hottest place in the world,hottest and coldest place on earth right now,coldest average temperature on earthSihir zaten orada. Boyama sayfası Mutlu tek boynuzlu at – sayılarla modern çevrimiçi boyama ve yetişkinler için indirmek ve yazdırmak için kitap. Çizim zaten duygular ve anlamlarla dolu. Sanatçılar arsanın her detayını dikkatlice boyadılar. Önerilen desene göre renklendirebilir veya kendi hikayenizi oluşturabilirsiniz. Yaratılan ruh halini bütün gün veya harika bir akşam için saklayın. Esin! İzin: Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Lisansı. Sanatçı: Persimmons Studio.Calling all beginner sewers out there, this is the ultimate sewing terms guide you need! To help you guys out, I’ve put together a glossary of sewing terms that will come in handy for everyone.
Sewing Terms: The Glossary for Your Sewing Needs
I remember watching my mother and grandmother talking while sewing one of my many Halloween costumes for school. They used to talk about sewing, speaking words like ‘basting’ and ‘hemming’ with meanings flew right over my head! Now, as a grown up and experienced sewer, I know what those sewing terms meant and even use them in daily speech! But for the beginner sewers out there who are at a lost, you can refer to this guide to decode sewing terms you’re unfamiliar with.
A type of fabric used as a synthetic silk substitute. It’s usually shiny and looks great when draped over surfaces. I suggest using this to make a dress for an evening event or a long curtain for your windows!
A type of fabric made from acrylic fibers. It’s highly likely that your favorite sweater is made from acrylic and so is your favorite upholstery covering!
When a dress doesn’t fit my child, this is what saves the day! Altering means to change or adjust something, in this case, a piece of clothing.
Applique creates patterns or pictures on garments. Smaller pieces of fabric are sewn onto a larger piece of fabric as decoration. This can be hand-stitched or machine stitched.
In layman’s terms, or rather, in the sewing world, this is the armhole in a shirt.
When sewing a completely new project, what I do is sew the seams or fabrics together loosely instead of pining them together. This is what basting does — to sew fabrics together temporarily.
When we fold the fabric diagonally, usually to prepare for cutting, the fold it creates is called the bias.
No, this is not a type of scotch tape you stick on the fabric to hold the bias down. Actually, the product of cutting a bias is the bias tape and you can use this narrow strip of fabric for piping and binding seams.
Usually done at the end of a project, binding is to finish a hem or a seam. A mark of your success!
A blind stitch or an invisible stitch is a way of joining two pieces of fabric so that the thread is unseen. Use this type of stitch for hems when you don’t want to see the seam. It’s also great for sewing seams from the outside, for example a stuffed animal.
A sewing machine makes stitches with two threads. The top thread is passed through the needle and a bobbin holds the second thread. The threaded needle catches thread from the bobbin to form a stitch. A sewing machine won’t work without it.
The casing is the tunnel of fabric where strings or elastics go into to draw the fabric, creating a bag or tight pants or sleeves.
Seen in fancy curtains and sometimes, Christmas decorations, a cord is made up of twisted fiber. It could be thick or narrow, depending on the use.
Darning is a technique for repairing holes in fabrics by hand using only a needle and thread. I remember my grandmother doing this for one of our older table runners. She always said she came from a generation that always fixes things.
As the name suggests, a darning mushroom is a tool shaped as a mushroom and used for darning. It’s usually used for socks where you place the sock over the mushroom head so it’s gathered tightly at the stalk where you’ll do the repair.
This is a type of shaping technique. Sound complicated? Simply create it by stitching out a wedge-shaped fold in any given fabric. It’s usually done for the bust and waist area of a clothing.
Create new garments by draping and pinning fabric on a dress form. Draping creates a three-dimensional representation of your ideas and allows you to see how a fabric will “hang” on a person.
Traditionally, dressmaker refers to a person who makes custom clothes for women. In Sewing.com, dressmaker refers to what you and I perhaps aspire and work to be — to make our own clothing!
One of the most time consuming and detailed types of needlework, wouldn’t you agree? It creates images or designs by stitching one type of material over another, for example, gold threads over purple fabric – very royal.
An eyelet is a smaller version of a grommet. Grommets are the small metal or plastic rings you find in shower or curtains. Sewers insert the grommets into the whole of a fabric to protect the fabric from abrasion. Eyelets, on the other hand, are usually found in shoes! They’re the holes where the laces go.
The ‘front’ or the ‘right’ side of the fabric. If you have a one-sided fabric, the one with the design usually is the face. Wouldn’t want to show the pale side of a fabric for a project, wouldn’t we?
When making a shirt from scratch, it always has raw edges around the neckline and sleeves. We can’t have that, can’t we? The facing is what you need to finish the raw edges of a fabric.
Sewing a French seam means stitching both sides of the seams to hide the raw edges of the fabrics. It provides a neater, cleaner, and smoother finish.
It is the fabric used on the ‘unseen’ or ‘wrong’ part of the fabric to make it more rigid. It’s usually glued or ironed on the said part of the fabric. This help gives the fabric shape.
Gathering is a technique where we shorten a fabric by ‘gathering’ the length of the fabric and attaching its shorter piece. This way, we achieve fullness!
A gauge is a small ruler with an adjustable slider to give accurate measurements. It’s used for measuring short spaces like hems and pleats.
A godet often comes with a gore – like a buy one, take one deal! It is a piece of circular sector fabric inserted into the garment to add volume and fullness to it. This is how our favorite flared skirts achieve their shape!
A gore is a segment of fabric that is narrow on top and goes wider as it goes down. This is usually seen with flared skirt and dresses.
This is an important term to know, especially when cutting a fabric! The grain refers to the direction in which a fabric is woven. If someone says, ‘cut with the grain’ it means cut parallel to the threads of the fabric, not perpendicular to it.
Even back in my younger days, I already dislike tight garments. It’s also part of the reason why I started to learn how to sew — to alter my clothes! However, my grandmother had a different solution, she used gussets. Gussets are triangular or square pieces of fabric that are inserted into the seam to reduce tension or stress from tight-fit clothing- usually placed on the shoulder and underarms.
Commonly used to refer to a men’s outfitter — someone my husband occasionally visits! A haberdasher is also a person who sells small articles for sewing like buttons and zippers.
You and I know how annoying and heartbreaking it is when a garment unravels. All of your hard work…gone! In order to avoid this, we hem the garment by folding the cut edge twice and sewing it down to secure it. Voila!
Usually used in athletes’ uniforms, a jersey is a type of stretchy fabric, perfect for moving around. It’s also widely used on bodycon and body tight dresses. Further, it’s quite absorbent too!
This is an old term used back in the 18th century referring to a dressmaker. It sounds so fancy, too bad we don’t use it nowadays!
Personally, I’m not into hats but I have friends who are! Millinery is a term which refers to women’s hats or businesses where women could buy hats.
Muslin is the practice or test garment when making clothing. It is what a scratch paper is to a final finished work.
Needlework is any practice that involves needles and fabric. Anything from quilting, knitting to upcycling is considered needlework!
These are the tiny little things we use in sewing and we keep away from our children’s reach. It’s a collective term for the accessories and items we use like; buttons, pins, and snaps.
Usually used in gowns, an overlay is the fabric on top when there’s a different fabric underneath. For dresses or skirts, this could be lace or tulle!
As the word suggests, patchwork is a type of needlework that involves sewing pieces or ‘patches’ of fabric together to make a larger design. It gives a project a more rustic look and also makes use of your scrap fabric!
Of course, even if I have been sewing for a long time, I still begin new projects by following patterns. A pattern is an original garment which you rely on to create copies of. They’re really handy!
Imagine the icing at the edges of a cake, piping is kind of like that! It is a trim or embellishment placed at the edges of a project.
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UIDAI is the issuing authority of Aadhar card and also takes up number of Aadhar related services.
What are the Benefits of an Aadhar Card?
It stands as a universal identity and can be used as proof of identity.
Availing passports, opening a bank account, availing subsidy schemes provided by the Indian government, etc are made easier.
An e-Aadhar is the digitalized form of your Aadhar. The downloaded copy of e-Aadhar is equivalent to you Aadhar card and can be carried around without the fear of being lost.
Aadhar has a lifetime validity and any updations, corrections, and changes can be done in case of a change in location, mobile number, etc.
UIDAI provides Aadhar Online Services for Enrolment, Updations, and Other Services
Aadhar Card Important Information
Unique ID for every Indian resident as well as NRI’s and children.
Database with demographic and biometric which can track every person - can avoid fake IDs.
Aadhar number is a random number with no connection with any information related to the applicant. It never starts with “0” and “1”
Details provided for UID can be updated as many times as possible by providing the necessary documents.
Link Aadhar Card to Various Services provided by Government of India to Avail Subsidies.
What is an e-Aadhar?
e-Aadhar is nothing but the electronic version of Aadhar card. The electronic version of your Aadhar is made online by UIDAI for easy and instant access. The electronic copy is password protected and it is also digitally signed by the competent authority of the UIDAI. All the information in your Aadhar will also be there on your e-Aadhar Card. In today's scenario, every single person carries a smartphone. So its a smarter choice to have e-Aadhar which comes handy. It is easy to carry around with no fear of losing. The cardholder can download the e-Aadhar Card from the UIDAI site. More information on eAadhar can is given at eAadhar Information and Updates.
What is an mAadhar?
UIDAI has officially launched an mobile app for Aadhar Number holders and named it as mAadhar. Aadhar Number holder can carry around their digital copy of their Aadhar via the mobile app i.e., mAadhar and is now accepted as proof of identity to enter airports across the nation and for train journeys in reserved class. The main advantage of mAadhar app will be that the cardholder need not carry physical document all the time. The mobile number which is registered during the enrolment process must be used for using mAadhar app. Get a detailed outlook on mAadhar at mAadhar Overview and Details.
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- How to Link Aadhar to IRCTC AccountIn occasione della decima Giornata europea di sensibilizzazione sugli antibiotici, il Centro Europeo per la prevenzione e il controllo delle malattie (ECDC) pubblica i suoi ultimi dati a livello dell'UE sulla resistenza agli antibiotici e la sua guida sulla prevenzione e il controllo dei ceppi Enterobacter iaceae resistenti ai carbapenemi ( CRE). Nel 2016, la resistenza combinata a diversi gruppi di antibiotici ha continuato ad aumentare per le specie Escherichia coli e Acinetobacter. Questa situazione è di grande preoccupazione in quanto i pazienti infetti da questi batteri multiresistenti hanno opzioni di trattamento molto limitate.
Vytenis Andriukaitis, commissario europeo per la salute e la sicurezza alimentare, ha dichiarato:
"Con crescente resistenza anche agli antibiotici di ultima linea, affrontiamo un futuro spaventoso in cui la chirurgia di routine, il parto, la polmonite e persino le infezioni della pelle potrebbero nuovamente diventare una minaccia per la vita. Per preservare la nostra capacità di trattare efficacemente le infezioni negli esseri umani e negli animali, dobbiamo colmare le differenze tra gli Stati membri dell'UE e innalzarne il livello ". Ha aggiunto: "questo è l'obiettivo chiave del nuovo piano d'azione UE per la salute contro la resistenza antimicrobica adottato in giugno. Si concentra su aree che sostengono e aggiungono valore alle azioni degli Stati membri per fornire risposte innovative, efficaci e sostenibili all'AMR. È solo lavorando insieme a livello europeo e internazionale, collaborando e cooperando in tutti i settori pertinenti, che possiamo controllare e invertire AMR ".
Per il ceppo Escherichia coli, la resistenza combinata, misurata come resistenza ai fluorochinoloni, alle cefalosporine di terza generazione e agli aminoglicosidi, è aumentata significativamente tra il 2013 e il 2016. Inoltre, nel 2016, percentuali elevate di isolati di specie Acinetobacter, con resistenza combinata a carbapenemi, aminoglicosidi e fluorochinoloni, erano segnalati nell'Europa meridionale e sudorientale, nonché nei paesi baltici.
Tuttavia, è incoraggiante vedere che gli sforzi a lungo termine stanno lentamente portando a risultati positivi e che è ancora possibile invertire le tendenze: gli ultimi dati dell'ECDC indicano che la situazione generale di resistenza per il ceppo Klebsiella pneumoniae sembra stabilizzarsi in Europa, sebbene questo non è stato sempre osservato a livello nazionale, con alcuni Paesi che mostrano ancora un aumento della resistenza combinata. Inoltre, la percentuale di meticillina-resistente Lo Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) è ulteriormente diminuito tra il 2013 e il 2016. Nonostante ciò MRSA rimane un problema poiché 10 paesi su 30 segnalano ancora percentuali elevate.
Andrea Ammon, direttore dell'ECDC, ha dichiarato:
"Anche se stiamo iniziando a vedere qualche lieve progresso, dobbiamo rimanere vigili e lavorare ancora più duramente per ridurre i livelli di resistenza agli antibiotici. Ci sono ancora aumenti significativi nella resistenza combinata per le specie Escherichia coli e Acinetobacter in tutta Europa, e questa situazione è di grande preoccupazione in quanto i pazienti infetti da questi batteri multiresistenti hanno opzioni di trattamento molto limitate ". Ha aggiunto: "un uso prudente di antibiotici e strategie complete di prevenzione e controllo delle infezioni destinate a tutti i settori sanitari sono fondamentali. Questo è il motivo per cui oggi l'ECDC sta anche avviando le sue linee guida sulle Enterobacteriaceae resistenti ai carbapenemi ".
Zsuzsanna Jakab, direttore regionale per l'Europa dell'OMS, ha dichiarato:
"La resistenza antimicrobica è sempre più diffusa nella regione europea dell'OMS in quanto i microbi resistenti non conoscono confini. Un'efficace prevenzione e controllo delle infezioni è una delle nostre armi più potenti per affrontare questa minaccia per la salute globale ". Ha osservato: "In questa settimana mondiale per la consapevolezza degli antibiotici, l'Oms invita gli operatori sanitari nella regione europea a prevenire la diffusione della resistenza antimicrobica nelle strutture sanitarie attraverso un'adeguata igiene delle mani".
La resistenza ai carbapenemi, un importante gruppo antibiotico di ultima linea, continua a essere segnalata principalmente da paesi con già alti livelli di batteri multiresistenti. In questi paesi, le opzioni per trattare i pazienti con infezioni da Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) carbapenemici sono spesso limitate alla terapia combinata e agli antibiotici più vecchi, come la colistina. L'ulteriore emergere della resistenza alla colistina è un serio avvertimento che le opzioni stanno diventando ancora più limitate. Le percentuali di resistenza variavano ampiamente in Europa, essendo generalmente più alta nell'Europa meridionale e sud-orientale che nell'Europa settentrionale.＆ldquo;我们必须去，＆rdquo;四说。
我不想去。我想撕开这个地方。然而有些东西告诉我，我应该听听这个男孩，我们应该团结在一起。这是桑德尔想要的。
我们必须努力解决问题。随着战斗变得更加激烈，我的思绪就会停止。在某些时候，我意识到四和我已经与Sam分开了。我为这个孩子感到难过 - 另一件人类附带的伤害。
我的同情很快被整个地方撕裂的冲动所淹没。
我把我的管道工作人员带到了一个皮肯的脖子。我蜷缩在颈部，因为它坍塌了，它的血液喷洒着我，与我的莫加多尔灰烬混合在一起。我可以品尝它与我自己血液的铜色混合。
我和rsquo;笑嘻嘻。四个人瞪着我，像我一样;只比我们杀死的怪物好一点。
＆ldquo;你疯了吗？＆rdquo;他问。 ＆ldquo;你是否喜欢这个？＆rdquo;
＆ldquo;我已经被关了一年多了，＆rdquo;我告诉他。 ＆ldquo;这是我生命中最美好的一天！＆rdquo;
这是真的。我并没有永远感受到这种美好。尽管如此，我还是试着淡化了我对此的喜爱程度。我不想四个怪。
尽管如此，当我们需要使用我的反重力遗物来逃避时，四人并没有犹豫不决。这是一场漫长而野蛮的斗争。当我们终于看到日光的一瞥时，我感到很失望。我希望他们永远不会再来了。我瞥了四眼。他很漂亮虽然他缺乏我的热情，但是他已经杀死了他在Mogs和piken的公平份额，即使他缺乏我的热情。
也许我们还会让他成为一名战士。
我们逃离了Mogadorian基地和我贪婪地吸了一年多的第一口自由空气。我立刻堵嘴。死去的动物的气味是压倒性的。
四和我慢慢寻找树线。他几乎没有在那里，几乎立即倒在树上。他的身体状况很粗糙，如果眼泪有任何迹象，在精神上也同样糟糕。他把自己留在了Sam身后，打败了自己。
我知道一两件关于内疚的事情，但我不知道该对这个孩子说些什么。巴克，冠军，我们下次会杀了他们？我想到的一切似乎都是空洞的，所以我坚持下去我闭嘴。
他将学会最终关闭他的情绪。情绪会让你死亡。他们也会让其他人死亡。
当我向四＆的背部按下一块治疗石头时，头顶的天空开始翻腾，带着不祥的风暴。起初，Four认为它的第六号来帮助我们。
它不是。它是Setrakus Ra。
尽管在夜间视觉中看到了他，但我并没有为他的真实体型做好准备。他比我见过的任何Mogadorian都要大，即使从这个距离也完全令人厌恶。看到三个Lorien吊坠在他粗壮的脖子上发光，让我紧紧抓住拳头，指甲挖到我的手掌里。
突然间，我明白桑道尔正在训练我的是什么。这是我本来想要的战斗斗争。杀死Setrakus Ra是我追逐的命运。
和Four一起，我充电。
第二十四章
＆ldquo;他还好吗？＆rdquo;我问。
他需要休息，Chim＆aelig; ra＆rsquo的善意的声音在我心中说。与动物交谈，这是一个新的。这是令人惊喜的一天。发生了这么多事情，我甚至没有时间考虑我新发现的遗产。事情已经稳定下来我会弄清楚的。
如果他们安定下来的话。
他的SUV后座四处延伸，几乎翻了一倍。他的Chim＆aelig; ra，以一些弱小的运动员命名，位于他身边，轻轻地舔着他的脸。我想起了我的梦想，用我自己的Chim＆aelig玩耍;在Lorien上玩，但我把所有记忆都推回去了我想忘记的其他事情。
战争已经开始。我只有一个目的。
懦夫Setrakus Ra在我们到达他之前逃到了Mogadorian基地。随着四人被力场破坏而无法回到基地，我决定进行一次战略撤退。
Ra的日子将到来。当我告诉四，我每天刺他一次时，他的人就遭到桑德尔折磨，我的意思是。
我启动引擎。这是我第一次与Maddy在那个重要的夜晚开车。我想到了当我们通过红灯尖叫时她紧紧抓住我的手臂的方式，然后丢弃那些记忆。
＆ldquo;那么＆rsquo;是我们的下一步行动？＆rdquo;我问四。
＆ldquo;向北，＆rdquo;他说。 ＆ldquo;我认为北方会很好。＆rdquo;
＆ldquo;你明白了，老板。“
我已经知道我们要去哪里了，但是不要说服四人更容易。
再次见芝加哥会很好。我非常确定莫加多人从来没有找到我们安全的房子 - 如果有的话，他们会吹嘘它，用它来使我士气低落。在约翰汉考克中心的顶层，它应该仍然存在，这是我计划下一步行动的安全场所。
一个充满痛苦回忆的地方我将不得不忽略。
我向北行驶，我的脚重气了。这很具有讽刺意味。最后我有自由。但是要付出代价。现在我的命运是我的选择。
而且我已经选择了。
今天将在莫加多尔历史书中作为一个黑暗的日子。这是他们允许我放松的那一天。在任何令人沮丧的公司在逃离我的莫加多人聚集的宇宙中，这一天将以悄悄的语调进行讨论，因为当他们的种族灭绝变得确定时。
我将要杀死所有人。MD5是一种哈希算法，用于为给定的数据或字符串创建唯一值。MD5是一个不可逆的单向函数。Python提供了一个函数来计算MD5值并轻松地使用它们。MD5散列函数是通过 哈希库 Python默认提供的模块。
hashlib模块MD5方法
创建hashlib是为了在inPython中提供哈希和加密相关的方法。为了计算MD5，hashlib提供了以下方法。
- md5（） 计算并返回所提供数据、字符串等的MD5哈希值。
- 摘要（） 以字节格式或字节类型打印编码数据。
- hexdigest（） 返回十六进制格式的编码数据。
计算文本或字符串的MD5
hashlib模块提供md5（）方法来计算所提供数据的md5哈希。数据应格式化为字节类型，但文本或字符串可以轻松转换为字节。在下面的示例中，我们将计算字符串的MD5“ 我喜欢PythonTect.com “. 我们会把这封信 b “在弦之前。这个 hexdigest（） 返回对象的方法用于以十六进制格式打印MD5值。
import hashlibmd5 = hashlib.md5(b'I like PythonTect.com')print("The Hash Value is ",md5.hexdigest())
计算交互式用户输入的MD5
当用户名或密码通常由用户输入时，用户输入很重要。作为一种安全机制，提供的密码可以存储为MD5散列。这个 输入（） 方法用于获取输入，可以将其转换为字节，并使用md5（）方法计算其哈希值。
import hashlibpassword = input("Please type password")md5 = hashlib.md5(byte(password))print("The Hash Value of the password is ",md5.hexdigest())
通过编码计算MD5
由于md5（）方法需要字节类型，因此我们可以使用编码将指定的字符串类型编码为字节。首先，我们将定义要计算MD5哈希的字符串。
import hashlib sentence = "I like PythonTect.com"md5 = hashlib.md5(sentence.encode()) print("The Hash Value of the password is ",md5.hexdigest())The A1C test is a test that is utilized to diagnose type 1 and 2 diabetes and afterwards, guage how well you are dealing
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8,450 | -1 | 1 |
Occult Philosophy, p. 135
In a manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library and translated by Dr. Sprenger, Abu Zeyd el Balkhy quotes an ancient inscription which mentions that the Great Pyramid was built at a time when the Lyre was in the sign of Cancer, and this has been interpreted by some as referring to a time 73,000 years ago. Unspecified Arabic accounts also shed light on the function of the pyramids:
According to the Arabian descriptions, each of the seven chambers of the Pyramids — those grandest of all cosmic symbols — was known by the name of a planet. The peculiar architecture of the Pyramids shows in itself the drift of the metaphysical thought of their builders. The apex is lost in the clear blue sky of the land of the Pharaohs, and typifies the primordial point lost in the unseen universe from whence started the first race of the spiritual prototypes of man. Each mummy, from the moment that it was embalmed, lost its physical individuality in one sense; it symbolized the human race. Placed in such a way as was best calculated to aid the exit of the 'soul,' the latter had to pass through the seven planetary chambers before it made its exit through the symbolical apex. Each chamber typified, at the same time, one of the seven spheres, and one of the seven higher types of physico-spiritual humanity alleged to be above our own. Every 3,000 years, the soul, representative of its race, had to return to its primal point of departure before it underwent another evolution into a more perfected spiritual and physical transformation. — Isis Unveiled 1:296-7
Of the known pyramids only the Great Pyramid has at least seven "chambers": the King's Chamber plus five chambers above it (see diagram in Part I), the Queen's Chamber, and also an eighth chamber, the Pit, which might correspond to an eighth planet sometimes called the Planet of Death. The rooms above the King's Chamber can hardly be called chambers, however, because they were physically inaccessible.
Corbelled Ceiling, Red Pyramid
Nowadays, through forced entrances made by dynamite, one is barely able to crawl into them. The Red Pyramid and the Bent Pyramid at Dashur have two and three chambers respectively. However, the typical corbelled, step-like ceilings of the various chambers have a comparable symbolic function, and their craftsmanship matches that of the Hall of the Double Truth (the Grand Gallery) in the Great Pyramid. This hall was also called by the Arabs the Hall of the Orbit and its long walls were built in seven corbelled or overlapping steps which correspond to the seven sacred planets of the ancients. The roof in one of the chambers of the Red Pyramid is made up of twelve such courses which may well correspond to the twelve signs of the zodiac. In the step pyramids one finds similar astronomical significance in the number of layers, six or seven. Some believe that these layers and the number of chambers were related to the journey of the initiate to other spheres and planets.
We may also look to other traditions since Egypt is not the only country with pyramids. They have been found in Central and South America, in Sudan, China near Xian, and on Tenerife in the Canaries. Ziggurats, terraced pyramid-shaped temples, exist in Mesopotamia, while many pagodas and temples have a pyramidal shape, like the enormous Dhammayangyi Temple in old Bagan in Burma. According to theosophical literature, the pyramidal form is an ancient heritage found in earlier world civilizations. The center of one such civilization, often called the Atlantean, is said to have been centered in what is now the Atlantic Ocean, but in its entirety to have covered more land mass than we have now on earth. According to the legends, major floodings ended this civilization, while at the same time new lands emerged. Various waves of emigration are said to have taken place from the remaining islands in the Atlantic Ocean, both in western and in eastern directions. One wave reached the highlands of what is now Ethiopia, and later settled in Egypt which was then being formed. Travelling to the west another wave of emigrants arriving in Central America were responsible for building the pyramids in that land. The destruction of Atlantis is said to have happened over a period from 850,000 to 11,000 years ago. Therefore these "new" civilizations on new land go back to remote times.
Who, then, can tell what still lies beneath the sand? Looking at archeological research conducted in Egypt, it should be remembered that excavation of the ancient temple called the Oseirion, as well as those of some of the pyramids, has stopped because of groundwater seeping in, and digging deeper for more ancient monuments has not been attempted. According to an article in Blavatsky's Collected Writings, much more could be discovered at greater depth:
owing ever to the yearly increase, amounting but to a few inches in a century — of alluvium brought down by the Nile, the old Hapimu, the traces of the oldest Egyptian civilization, one that was as superior to the latest or the one with which the Egyptologists claim acquaintance with, as your own is now superior to that of Tibet — is hidden for ever from the knowledge of your sub-races. How many millenniums have rolled over pyramids surpassing the present ones, each millennium throwing its 50 or 60 inches of earth over entombed ruined cities, still older Sphinxes and palaces, it is for you . . . to calculate. Dig deeper and deeper into the sand and slime of the ages, and perchance you may find; and then cast and sum up your figures. — 13:319
If this deposition rate is an average, a period of 100,000 years* would imply that the excavation should reach a depth of 127 to 152 meters. Still, large and ancient pyramids like the ones of Giza and Dashur may well be this old, and one is inclined to question why these are not covered by the alluvium of the Nile. If we look at a contour map of the Nile and the area of the pyramids, we see that all the pyramids yet discovered are on the contour line of 35-65 meters elevation, while the Nile lies at only 16 meters. Again, these pyramids are about 10 kilometers from the Nile. Perhaps only the outer line of pyramids has been discovered, and older pyramids are buried within the 10 kilometer zone where the ancient Egyptian capital Memphis is supposed to have been located. This city now lies on a contour line of only 20 meters and very little of it has been found, no more than a few statues dating from around the time of Ramesses II (1279-1213 BC). Some Egyptologists even maintain that this city is not actually Memphis. At any rate, an enormous area along the Nile has been buried by alluvial mud, which undoubtedly makes it difficult to find the monuments of the oldest Egyptian civilizations.
*Blavatsky suggests that the earliest Egyptians settled there about 400,000 years ago (The Secret Doctrine 2:750).
In recent decades various types of scientific research have been performed, especially around the Giza plateau. Many projects were concerned with finding more chambers in the Great Pyramids, hoping that the solution to their mysteries would be found written on papyrus. Many techniques have been employed, but so far nothing significant has been discovered. Nor have ancient Egyptian inscriptions been found which inform us about the age, origin, or builders of the Giza Pyramids, but inscriptions were once there according to Blavatsky:
The beautiful outer casing of both the pyramids — of Cheops and SenSaophis — has disappeared, engulfed in the palaces of Cairo and other cities. And with them are gone inscriptions and engraved records and cunning hieratic symbols. — Collected Writings 11:359
What can we say about the purpose behind these marvelous structures? For those who enter the King's Chamber of the Great Pyramid, or one of the three chambers in the Red Pyramid of Dashur, there is no escaping the deep silence, and perhaps even the feeling that lofty things have taken place in these chambers. Many ancient peoples believed that initiatory rites revealed eternal truths about the soul. Such initiations were related to the mysteries of death. The candidate was placed in the "sarcophagus," where he or she entered into a trance and died, as it were, in order to travel consciously on the journey which the human soul takes after death. This journey is said to lead through the seven sacred planets up to the heart of the sun, and sometimes even further. Radiating divine inspiration, the candidate returned by the same pathway, to be born a second time in the same physical body. On this journey one learned to know himself as well as the visible and invisible spheres of the solar system and all its inhabitants. One penetrated deep into the mystery of the Egyptian god Ra, the divine sun. It is an inner journey, for man is the mirror of the cosmos and is in the deepest sense one with it. Here lies one key to understanding the Egyptian pyramids and temples.
(From Sunrise magazine, June/July and August/September 2003; copyright © 2003 Theosophical University Press)
Back Issues MenuI filtri in cellulosa e abaca rendono facile l'utilizzo del tè sfuso, ideale per le tazze o piccole teiere
L'ampia apertura facilita l'introduzione con un cucchiaino della miscela di tè
Il pacchetto è richiudibile.
La carta usata è fatta di cellulosa biodegradabile e abaca, senza uso di sbiancanti o cloro.مسابقه موتور Zero SR در مقابل خودرو فورد موستانگ 5.0
یک مسابقه ابتدایی و اما جالب میان یک موتور Zero SR و ماشین Ford Mustang 5.0 را مشاهده کنید و از این رقابت جالب لذت ببرید. مشاهده کنید که یک موتور معمولی چگونه می تواند در مقابل یک ماشین بسیار قدرتمند آمریکایی قرار بگیرد و به نظر شما کدام یک از این وسیله های سریع قدرتمند می تواند برنده یک مسابقه جذاب باشد.La Grecia pubblica i nomi dei grandi evasori fiscali
ATENE – Nell'intento di risanare la dissestata situazione economica della Grecia anche con il prelievo delle tasse, il ministero delle Finanze ellenico continua nella lotta sferrata contro gli evasori fiscali. A questo scopo, infatti, il ministro delle Finanze Evangelos Venizelos ha annunciato in Parlamento che molto presto saranno rese note tre liste con i nomi di evasori fiscali.
Il primo elenco che sara' pubblicato domani, martedi', comprende i nomi di coloro che devono allo Stato somme superiori a un milione di euro. Nei prossimi giorni invece sara' resa nota la lista con i nomi di coloro che devono piu' di 150.000 mila euro e seguira' la lista con i nomi di coloro che, nel corso del 2009, hanno depositato in conti presso banche all'estero capitali superiori ai 150.000 euro, denaro che non possono giustificare come reddito.Systems theory is an approach to organisations which likens the Use mixed groups to achieve a rich understanding how the change is seen.
Here I will say what a system is, how they might change — and then including our own also draw from Sustainability Transitions Theory.
Theory of change is a method to support system change planning. You can dig into the theory of the theory if you like and I would recommend.
Systems Theory was first introduced by Van Bertalanffy () and was introduced into the organisational setting by Kataz and Khan ().
In Part 1 of this series, we discussed the limitations of traditional theories of change and how systems mapping can help you overcome those.
We think that, applied well, theory of change can support charities and funders to take a systemic approach to their work. This report identifies.
General systems theory was originally proposed by biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy In controlled systems information is sensed, and changes are effected in.
Three of the biggest breakthroughs in how we understand and successfully guide changes in ourselves, others and organizations are systems theory, systems.Sentience is the capacity to be affected positively or negatively. It is the capacity to have experiences. It is not the mere capacity to perceive stimuli or react to some action, as in the case of a machine that performs certain functions when we press a button. Sentience, or the ability to feel, is something different, namely the ability to receive and react to such stimuli consciously, by experiencing them from the inside.
A conscious being is a subject of experience, meaning an entity that can experience what happens to itself. An organism can only be a subject of experience if organized in such a way that they have the capacity for consciousness, and if there are structures such as a nervous system that function to actually give rise to consciousness.
‘Being conscious’ is synonymous with ‘having experiences’. To say that someone has the experience of something is equivalent to saying that he or she is conscious of it. In other words, to be conscious is synonymous with being sentient (capable of having positive and negative experiences). Thus, when a creature is no longer conscious, it can no longer have experiences, and so ceases to be an individual, a subject. For example, when someone has an accident that irreversibly destroys the capacity for consciousness, the subject ceases to exist, even if the body is still alive.
The reason that consciousness or sentience is crucial for morality is that experiences, which only conscious beings can have, can be positive or negative for individuals who possess them. They can affect the being for good or ill. A similar way of defining sentience, therefore, is the capacity to be harmed or benefited.
There are some important clarifications to make about the meanings of the terms ‘harm’ and ‘benefit’.
There are certain objects that can be damaged, but not harmed. There are objects with which we can perform certain functions, like a hammer, and objects that can perform certain functions for us on their own, like a car. If something happens to these objects so that they can no longer perform these functions, we say they are damaged. But that kind of damage is quite different from the ways in which a sentient being can be harmed. An object can’t be harmed. An object can’t be aware of the damage that has been done to it, or itself be affected by the damage in any way, because the object is not an individual who can feel suffering or enjoyment.
Generally, positive experiences have been referred to with terms like ‘enjoyment’, ‘wellbeing’ or ‘happiness’, and negative experiences with terms like ‘pain’, ‘suffering’ and other synonyms. This terminology can sometimes be misleading, since it may lead one to believe that it refers only to certain kinds of positive or negative experiences. Specifically, the words ‘enjoyment’ and ‘suffering’ are often identified with physical pleasure and pain. And, at other times, they are equated with certain positive and negative experiences of a slightly broader character, including psychological suffering and pleasures. But they might not include things such as the sense of satisfaction someone feels after finishing an important piece of work.
All this can be confusing and misleading, however. If we use these terms to discuss sentience, it must be as synonyms for any kind of positive or negative experience, of any form of consciousness that feels good or bad to the individual. Assuming, according to this, that negative experiences can be broadly referred to by the term ‘suffering’ and positive experiences by the term ‘enjoyment’, another name for ‘sentience’ might be ‘capacity for suffering and enjoyment’. Those who prefer to use the terms ‘suffering’ and ‘enjoyment’ in a more restricted sense (such as to refer only to physical pains and pleasures) shouldn’t use the expression ‘capacity for suffering and enjoyment’ as synonymous with sentience. Authors who use this expression often use it to mean sentience, that is, to mean all kinds of positive and negative experiences.
Another synonym sometimes used for ‘conscious’ or ‘sentient’ is ‘having mental states’. A mental state can only be experienced by a mind. A mind is simply a subject of experience. A state of mind is thus any kind of experience, even a very simple one such as feeling a physical pain or pleasure. Yet often the word ‘mind’ is used in a different way, to mean certain complex cognitive functions or certain complex intellectual abilities associated with thinking and learning. Understood in this sense, the term ‘mind’ means something very different from what the terms ‘sentience’ and ‘consciousness’ mean. Possessing certain complex intellectual abilities is not required for having what is technically called a mental state; all that is required is the possession of consciousness, however many other cognitive faculties may be lacking. Given this, there are strong reasons to think many nonhuman animals have mental states.
Allen, C. & Bekoff, M. (1997) Species of mind: The philosophy and biology of cognitive ethology, Cambridge: MIT Press.
Bateson, P. (1991) “Assessment of pain in animals”, Animal Behaviour, 42, pp. 827-839.
Bonica, J. (1990) The management of pain, 2nd ed., Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger.
Broom, D. M. (1991) “Animal welfare: Concepts and measurement”, Journal of Animal Science, 69, pp. 4167-4175 [accessed on 14 September 2015].
Chandroo, K. P.; Duncan, I. J. H. & Moccia, R. D. (2004) “Can fish suffer?: Perspectives on sentience, pain, fear, and stress”, Applied Animal Behavior Science, 86, pp. 225-250.
Dawkins, M. S. (1980) Animal suffering: The science of animal welfare, London: Chapman and Hall.
DeGrazia, D. (1996) Taking animals seriously: Mental life and moral status, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
DeGrazia, D. & Rowan, A. (1991) “Pain, suffering, and anxiety in animals and humans”, Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, 12, pp. 193-211.
Griffin, D. R. (1981) The question of animal awareness, Los Altos: William Kaufman.
Griffin, D. R. (1992) Animal minds, Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Rollin, B. E. (1989) The unheeded cry: Animal consciousness, animal pain, and science, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sherwin, C. M. (2001) “Can invertebrates suffer? Or, how robust is argument-by-analogy?”, Animal Welfare, 10, suppl. 1, pp. 103-118.
Sneddon, L. U. (2004) “Evolution of nociception in vertebrates: Comparative analysis of lower vertebrates”, Brain Research Reviews, 46, pp. 123-130.
Vinding, M. (2014) A copernican revolution in ethics, Los Gatos: Smashwords,
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Questa pratica non era illegale nei paesi scandinavi fino all'arrivo del Cristianesimo. Anzi, era un'usanza comune. Molte famiglie, con poche risorse per poter sopravvivere, non potevano avere tanti figli da sfamare. Il fatto che tenessero i corpi defunti nelle loro case potrebbe rappresentare il senso di colpa dei genitori per la morte dei loro figli? Alcuni sostengono così, ma Eriksen è di un parere diverso.
"Potrebbe essere che i bambini e i neonati nella società vichinga non erano completamente riconosciuti come esseri umani. Potrebbe essere che questi venivano visti come una sorta di oggetto che ad un certo punto si tramuta in persona" ha affermato la studiosa. Il lasciare i bambini defunti all'interno del focolaio domestico poteva essere un'usanza per augurare alla famiglia prosperità o per proteggere la casa.
Solo attraverso lo studio di altri reperti archeologici, testi letterari e documenti ufficiali si potrà definire meglio la società vichinga. Intanto, sembra che uno studio abbia sfatato il mito che vede i vichinghi completamente biondi.
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- Amazfit Black Friday: sconti fino al 43% su smartwatch e smartband già attiviKongo’daki BM barış gücü kampına düzenlenen saldırıda en az 12 BM çalışanı ve beş Kongo askeri öldü. BM Genel Sekreteri Guterres saldırıyı yakın zamanda BM çalışanlarına yapılmış en kötü saldırı olarak nitelendirdi.
Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti’nde konuşlu Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) barış gücüne bağlı kampa cuma günü bir saldırı düzenlendi.
Ülkenin kuzeydoğusunda ve Uganda ile sınırı bulunan Kuzey Kivu ilinde yer alan BM barış gücü MONUSCO'nun kampını hedef alan saldırıda en az 12 BM çalışanıyla beş Kongolu asker hayatını kaybetti.
Kuzey Kivu’ya bağlı Beni şehrine 45 kilometre uzaklıkta bulunan kampa gerçekleştirilen saldırıda hayatını kaybeden BM çalışanlarının Tanzanyalı olduğu bildirildi.
BM Genel Sekreteri Antonia Guterres yayınladığı açıklamada ölü sayısını 12, yaralı sayısını da 40 olarak verilirken, uluslararası haber ajansı AFP’ye konuşan bir BM yetkilisi ise en az 14 BM çalışanının öldüğünü ve 53 kişinin yaralandığını söyledi.
Guterres açıklamasında saldırıyı kınadı ve çok üzgün olduğunu bildirdi.
Saldırıyı, yakın zamanda BM kapsamındaki barış gücü çalışanlarına yapılmış "en kötü saldırı” olarak nitelendiren Guterres, Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti'ne olayı en kısa sürede aydınlığa kavuşturmak için gerekli soruşturmaları yapması yönünde çağrıda bulundu.
Şu ana kadar saldırıyı üstlenen bir grup olmazken, Kongolu askeri kaynaklar aslında Uganda kökenli olan ancak Kongo'daki Kuzey Kivu bölgesinde 1990'lı yıllardan bu yana etkin olan Müttefik Demokratik Güçler adlı silahlı grubun saldırıyı düzenlendiğini tahmin ediyor.
AFP/Reuters/AP, DÇ/BD
©Deutsche Welle Türkçe据报道，索尼从英国零售商处撤下 PlayStation Now 订阅卡发表时间: 2022-10-10
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据报道，索尼已告知英国零售商，从 1 月 21 日起，他们将无法再在商店销售 PlayStation Now 卡（可用于购买公司游戏流媒体和下载服务的固定订阅期），并一直声称它准备推出扩展版PlayStation Plus。
这是根据 VentureBeat 的 Jeff Grub 的一份新报告，他分享了最近一封由英国零售商 Game 的高级管理层分发给商店员工的电子邮件，作为此举的一个例子。 “商店必须在 1 月 19 日星期三结束之前从所有面向客户的区域移除所有 POS 和 ESD 卡，并根据本周即将到来的商业更新更新他们的数字托架”，消息中写道。
尽管在电子邮件的共享部分中没有提供移除这些卡的理由，但此举是在有报道称索尼正准备放弃 PlayStation Now（允许会员从 PlayStation 目录流式传输和下载最新和较旧的游戏）转而支持其更受欢迎的 PlayStation Plus 服务的扩展版本。
目前，在 PlayStation 上玩大部分在线游戏都需要 Plus 订阅，会员每月还可以访问少量游戏。然而，彭博社的 Jason Schreier 在 12 月报道称，索尼正寻求从今年春天开始将 PlayStation Plus 和 Now 整合到一个单一的服务中——代号为 Spartacus。
此举将使索尼完全放弃 PlayStation Now 品牌，以提供由三个订阅层组成的经过彻底改革的 PlayStation Plus 服务。第一个在功能上与现有的 PlayStation Plus 产品相同，第二个将允许订阅者访问大量 PlayStation 4 游戏目录，随后还会有 PS5 游戏。
PlayStation Now 的流媒体功能将保留给第三层，Schreier 声称这还将提供扩展演示和经典 PS1、PS2、PS3 和 PSP 游戏库。这第三个订阅层将使 PlayStation Plus 与微软的 Xbox Game Pass Ultimate 更加内联，后者将 Game Pass 广泛的可下载和可流媒体游戏库与 Xbox Game Pass Gold 结合在一起，这是在线玩 Xbox 游戏所需的。
早在 8 月，消息人士就告诉 Eurogamer 计划推出更昂贵的优质 PlayStation Plus 产品，其中可能包括索尼最近购买的动漫流媒体服务 Crunchyroll。
尽管索尼尚未公开发表评论，暗示即将对 PlayStation Plus 进行大修，但今天声称它正在与英国零售商合作从商店下架 PlayStation Now 品牌的卡至少为那些早期的报道提供了额外的可信度。我已经要求索尼对这个最新消息发表评论，如果我听到更多消息，我会更新这个故事。Questa settimana andrò in Wisconsin dove parlerò del mio piano per garantire la copertura assicurativa delle ore di straordinario a circa 5 milioni di lavoratori, nel 2016. È così che deve andare in America. In questo paese, il duro lavoro deve essere ben ricompensato. Ecco cosa significa fare parte della middle-class americana.Peru Dışişleri Bakanlığı trarafından yapılan açıklamada, Kuzey Kore'nin nükleer denemeleriyle alakalı Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi (BMGK) kararlarını ihlali sebebiyle Kuzey Kore'nin Lima Büyükelçisi Kim Hak-chol'un istenmeyen adam ilan edildiği ve ülkeyi terk etmesi için 5 gün süre tanındığı belirtildi.
Meksika Dışişleri Bakanlığı da cuma günü Kuzey Kore'nin Meksiko Büyükelçisi Kin Hyon Gil'i istenmeyen adam ilan etmiş ve ülkeden ayrılmasını istemişti.
Pyongyang yönetiminin 3 Eylül'de, 2006 senesinden bu yana en güçlü ve altıncı nükleer denemesini yapmasının ardından ABD tarafından hazırlanan ve Kuzey Kore yönetimine yeni ekonomik yaptırımlar uygulanmasını içeren karar tasarısı BMGK'da kabul edilmişti.
BMGK'DAN KUZE'YE AĞIR YAPTIRIM
Nükleer programı nedeniyle Kuzey Kore'ye yönelik yeni yaptırımlar içeren karar tasarısı, bugün BM Güvenlik Konseyi'nde (BMGK) oylanacak.
Öte yandan NATO'da Kuzey Kore'ye ekonomik yaptırım uygulanmalı çağrısı yapmıştı.
NATO: YAPTIRIM UYGULANMALI
NATO Genel Sekreteri Jens Stoltenberg, Kuzey Kore'nin füze denemeleriyle alakalı açıklama yaptı. Stoltenberg, Kuzey Kore'nin tavırlarının küresel tehdit olduğunu ve tavırlara küresel tepki gösterilmesi gerektiğini belirtti.
Stoltenberg yaptığı açıklamada, "Kuzey Kore hususunda siyasi çözüm için çalışılmalı. Ekonomik yaptırım uygulanmalıdır" sözlerini dile getirdi.توضیحات
بهترین سن شروع غذای کمکی پس از پایان ماه ششم زندگی کودک است زیرا بعد از این زمان نیازهای غذایی کودک فقط با شیر مادر تأمین نمی شود و دستگاه گوارش شیرخوار توانایی هضم و جذب غذاهای نیمه جامد را پیدا می کند.غذای غله ای کودک نستله در هر وعده، تغذیه ای متعادل و مناسب برای معده کوچک کودکان تأمین می کند، که علاوه بر فواید غلات طبیعی، ترکیبی متناسب از ریز مغذی های لازم برای رشد و تکامل سالم را فراهم می کند.سرلاک گندم و موز به همراه شیر غذایی کاملاً مقوی برای کودکان 6 ماه به بالا است که دیگر مصرف شیر مادر یا شیر خشک به تنهایی قادر به تأمین مقدار انرژی مورد نیاز آن ها برای رشد نخواهد بود.به دلیل تفاوت نیازهای کودکان با یکدیگر، برای تعیین زمان شروع این محصول با پزشک متخصص خود مشورت کنید.سرلاک به عنوان اولین غذای تکمیلی کودک مناسب است پس از شروع تغذیه تکمیلی، تغذیه با شیر مادر باید تا حداکثر زمان ممکن ادامه یابد.به خاطر داشته باشید، با مشاهده علامت سیری کودک مثل روی برگرداندن، از غذا دادن بیش از حد به وی خودداری کنید.سرلاک گندم و موز به همراه شیر، مناسب تغذیه با قاشق است.بسته به سن کودک، تغذیه روزانه یک تا ۲ وعده سرلاک لازم است مگر اینکه پزشک کودک روش دیگری را پیشنهاد داده باشد.مصرف سرلاک را ابتدا با یک قاشق غذا خوری سرلاک در ۴ تا ۵ قاشق غذا خوری آب شروع کنید و به تدریج مقدار آن را به یک وعده کامل افزایش دهید.In the late 1980s, psychologist James Pennebaker developed a form of writing therapy called expressive writing. When you engage in expressive writing, you write about your deepest thoughts and feelings without concern for spelling, grammar, or sentence construction. It is free-flowing and unfocused self-expression.
Although not everybody benefits from expressive writing, recent studies have shown that expressive writing helps anxious individuals perform better on tests. We’re not sure exactly why this is, but one leading theory is that writing about test anxiety “offloads” worrisome thoughts, thereby freeing up mental resources to concentrate on the test.
While this theory is appealing, more data was needed to substantiate it. That’s what psychology graduate student Hans S. Schroder and his colleagues set out to explore. Their study involved people who had been preoccupied by worry for a long time. The team looked for brain wave changes as a result of expressive writing to see how the writing was helping, if at all.
Worried people and their brain waves
Your brain is constantly creating electrical signals. You can see these signals when you place electrodes on the scalp and connect them to a monitoring device called an electroencephalogram (EEG). They look like waves. Every time you encounter any stimulus or event (e.g., a frightening sound, an unusual thought, or a reason to move), these brain waves change. And you can see this response on the EEG as well.
One important type of brain wave is a sharp negative (downward) signal that occurs when you make an error, even if you are not aware of it. And in people who worry, this negative signal is much larger. The larger signal reflects the compensatory effort that anxious people need to make when tuning out distracting worries. This extra effort uses thinking resources that could otherwise be better used to focus on other activities, for example answering test questions.
If expressive writing frees up mental resources, we would expect the negative signal to be reduced, as there would be fewer distracting worries stored in the brain.
The experiment: brain waves, worry, and writing
Schroder and his colleagues conducted an experiment on 44 female students from a midwestern university. They chose females because prior studies had shown that women in particular show the exaggerated negative signal when they worry. Also, women in general have more anxious apprehension than men.
One group of participants was asked to engage in expressive writing about their worries, while the comparison group was asked to engage in writing unrelated to their worries. Then they were also given a computer task designed to elicit the negative-signal brainwaves.
How expressive writing changes the brain waves of worriers
Compared to writing about things other than one’s worries, expressive writing about one’s worries did in fact reduce the size of the negative brain wave signal in people who worried a lot. This implied that “offloading” your worries into free-form writing frees up mental resources that you can then use to complete tasks more easily.
What can you do if you worry a lot? Based on this study, expressive writing about your worries will help you become less distracted, thereby making your brain less reactive and more focused. It is this unfocused activity — free-flowing writing that documents whatever comes to mind without concern for technical errors — that will help your brain become more focused, thereby allowing you to complete tasks more successfully. In fact, many other forms of unfocus can help you focus more easily too.
So, before you have to concentrate on anything, spend eight to 10 minutes writing out your worries. When you do, your worry is less likely to get in your way, and you will likely complete tasks more easily, with your worries out of your brain and on the task at hand instead.از طریق ماژول انبار > گزارش، می توانیم یک گزارش موجودی پیش بینی شده دریافت کنیم که تجزیه و تحلیل تقاضای محصول برای یک هفته یا ماه را نشان می دهد. علاوه بر این، از گزارش موجودی پیش بینی شده، می توان موجودی مورد انتظار برای تأمین تقاضای آینده را دریافت کرد.
ابتدا ویژگی "امضا" را از طریق ماژول انبار> پیکربندی> تنظیمات> تب ارسال ، فعال کرده و ذخیره کنید. با فعالسازی این ویژگی، در زمان دریافت محصول، یک دکمه "امضا" در صفحه ظاهر خواهد شد تا مشتری بتواند محصول را امضا و دریافت کند.
در فرم محصول> تب انبار> با کلیک بر روی دکمه افزودن سطر، می توان بسته بندی محصولات را تعریف کرد.
در ویزارد باز شده جزئیات بسته بندی و تعداد مقادیر بسته را اضافه کرده و بر روی دکمه "ذخیره و بستن" کلیک کنید. سپس می توانید یک سفارش فروش ایجاد کنید، محصول را انتخاب و بسته بندی نمایید.
بله، هم تایید ایمیل و هم تایید پیامک را می توان برای مشتری ارسال کرد، برای اجرای این امر به ماژول انبار> پیکربندی> تنظیمات> تب ارسال بروید و گزینه های "تایید ایمیل" و "تایید پیامک" را فعال کرده، سپس بر روی دکمه "ذخیره" کلیک کنید.
اکنون پس از انجام سفارشات تحویل، یک ایمیل خودکار یا تایید پیامکی برای مشتری ارسال خواهد شد.
روشهای قیمت گذاری، نحوه مدیریت هزینه محصولات را تعریف می کند.
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قیمت استاندارد: محصولات بر حسب قیمت استاندارد تعریف شده، قیمت گذاری می شوند.
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قیمت میانگین (AVCO): محصولات بر حسب قیمت میانگین ارزش گذاری می شوند.
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ورود در اول، خروج در اول (FIFO): قیمت گذاری بر این اساس که محصولاتی که در ابتدا وارد شرکت می شوند، اول از همه نیز خارج می شوند.
خرید، تولید، تولید بر اساس سفارش (MTO)، عرضه مستقیم از تولید کننده به مصرف کننده، تامین مجدد پیمانکار فرعی برای سفارش و غیره مسیرهای پیش فرض ارائه شده توسط اودوو است. هر مسیر از قوانین خاصی تشکیل شده است که در انتقال محصولات کمک می کند.
قیمت گذاری موجودی در دسته بندی محصولات مشخص شده است. روش های قیمت گذاری موجودی تعریف می کند که آیا تراکنش ها در آن دسته بندی مشخص شده باید ثبت شوند یا نه.
دو روش قیمت گذاری موجودی وجود دارد:
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دستی: در این روش، هر تراکنشی که در دسته بندی محصولات اتفاق بیوفتد، داده های حسابداری ثبت نخواهد شد.
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خودکار: در این روش، هر زمان که تراکنشی در دسته بندی محصولات اتفاق بیوفتد، داده های حسابداری ثبت خواهد شد.
بارکدها را می توان برای محصولات، مکانها، انواع عملیات و غیره تنظیم کرد تا انتقال موجودی را با استفاده از دستورات مختلف بارکد به صورت خودکار انجام دهد. این ویژگی را می توانید از طریق ماژول انبار> پیکربندی> تنظیمات> تب بارکد> با کلیک بر روی گزینه دستورات چاپ بارکد ، چاپ کنید.
استفاده از بارکد باعث صرفه جویی در وقت عملیاتی کارمندان از جمله (عملیات مختلف برای تأیید، لغو، انصراف، چاپ رسید تحویل، قرار دادن در بسته ها، چاپ عملیات برداشت و ...) می شود.
انتقال موجودی یک نمای کلی از انتقال محصول از یک مکان به مکان دیگر بر اساس مکان مبدا را نشان می دهد. در حالی که انتقال محصول نیز همان انتقال محصول از یک مکان به مکان دیگر براساس محصول را نشان می دهد.
دوباره پر کردن یک قابلیت جدید در اودوو 14 است. تمام مواردی که نیاز به دوباره پر کردن دارند از طریق ماژول انبار> عملیات ها> دوباره پر کردن قابل مشاهده است. علاوه بر این، می توانید موجودی ها را یکجا پر کنید، سفارشات
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, it may never return to the way it was before SARS-CoV-2 came along.■محصولات مورد بحث در اینجا به طور مستقل توسط ویراستاران ما انتخاب شده اند. در صورت خرید چیزی که در سایت ما مشخص شده است، GameSpot ممکن است سهمی از درآمد را دریافت کند.
یک هفته مانده به جمعه سیاه Best Buy معاملات بیشتری را اضافه کرد به فروش همیشه در حال تغییر آن در اوایل جمعه سیاه. محصولات بازی، از جمله بازیهای ویدیویی و لوازم جانبی، بالاخره در مرکز توجه قرار گرفتهاند و به لیست عالی تلویزیونها، لپتاپها و سایر محصولات فناوری میپیوندند. ما بهترین معاملات را از فروش جمعه سیاه Best Buy جمع آوری کرده ایم.
اگر روی پیشنهادی کلیک کردید و محصول با قیمت ذکر شده در اینجا مطابقت نداشت، فقط باید کمی صبر کنید. در زمان نگارش این مقاله، برخی از معاملات فقط برای اعضای Best Buy Totaltech در دسترس است، اما باید امشب (17 نوامبر) برای همه خریداران آماده شود.
Best Buy کاتالوگ خود را در ماه نوامبر تغییر داد و بسیاری از معاملات برتر هفته گذشته از بین رفتند. بنابراین اگر چیزی توجه شما را جلب کرد، ممکن است ایده خوبی باشد که سریع عمل کنید، زیرا مشخص نیست که برخی از این افت قیمت تا چه زمانی ادامه خواهند داشت.
معاملات جمعه سیاه بیشتر
حتماً مرتباً بررسی کنید، زیرا در هفته آینده به این لیست اضافه خواهیم کرد.圣路易斯华盛顿大学和伯明翰大学的研究人员使用相位数据来提高图像质量。
脑力：改善成像
功能性近红外（NIR）成像能够恢复氧合血红蛋白和脱氧血红蛋白浓度，因此它作为一个有吸引力的方案被应用于神经影像学和大脑成像。但是，组织中NIR波长具有固有强烈散射，因此提高图像质量和定量准确度的方法是必需考虑因素。伯明翰大学和华盛顿大学圣路易斯分校的一个项目现在已经实现了“大脑中基于功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）的光学成像的重要改进”。这项工作目前发表于Neurophotonics。
这一进步取决于对重建图像质量的增强，当反射NIR光的飞行时间相移测量结合断层摄影重建中时，这种改进成为可能。根据项目团队的研究，在先前使用频域近红外光谱法回收血红蛋白浓度的研究中，相位测量通常被忽视。该研究与漫射光学断层扫描（DOT）相关，这是一种既定技术，将近红外光源和探测器元件排列在密集网格中，提供重叠测量，可通过计算分析转化为断层摄影重建。
由于需要动态范围，过去成功地将频域（FD）多距离方法应用于高清DOT已经证明是极富挑战性的。但这项新研究比较了连续波（CW）和FD高分辨率DOT之间的成像分辨率和准确度，作为确定该技术是否可用于在大脑区域实现增强的分辨率和成像深度的方法。据说这是通过DOT进行功能性脑成像的频域和连续波方法之间的首次比较。
更深的大脑区域
论文写道，HD-DOT系统结合多距离重叠连续波测量，只能恢复差分强度衰减。研究人员研究了重建图像质量的潜在改进，因为在高密度测量的层析成像重建中，额外的相移测量结果反映了测量的NIR光的飞行时间。该方法首先在基于特定患者的大脑模型上进行测试，然后在具有真实噪声水平的模拟系统上进行测试，以表示真实环境的组织状况。随后研究人员进行了体内实验，使用在140MHz调制的32个源的FD NIRS平台和30个检测器光纤，每个源耦合到在690 nm和830 nm发射的激光二极管。
研究人员为了评估有和没有附加相位信息的图像重建，使用实验得出的噪声模型在24个特定主题的解剖模型中模拟整个头皮视野中的点扩散函数。结果表明，与单独使用强度衰减测量相比，相位信息的添加可将定位误差降低多达59％，并将有效分辨率提高多达21％。
相位数据还使得图像能够在更深的大脑区域被解析，深度为20至25毫米，其中基于强度数据和CW模态的测量完全失败。本项研究表明，在高清晰度fDOT背景下使用频域测量可以扩大图像质量的潜力，超越现有技术水平。
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测量各圆台的直径：
这是主轴套的外径，约10.35mm：
这是主输出轴的外径，约6.92mm：
这里有3个销柱与机身连接，拉开后露出锁止机构：
这是主轴套+定位+锁止仓壳的多功能零件：
对这个轴套继续测量，长约22.8mm：
主轴与锁止机构：
与减速机箱脱开，是D形插接：
减速箱输出轴径约3.98mm：
D形径高约2.97mm：
机身螺纹的外径约22.6mm：
3爪6柱的逆止锁紧机构：
D形孔带3爪的零件，可以看出是铸造成形的，几乎没有机加工的痕迹：
大概是与齿轮类似的粉末冶金制造：
圆片厚度约2.98mm：
主轴，也是铸造工艺一次成形：
主轴这一端的结构，当外部动力传入时，凸轮将把钢柱向外推，从而卡死到壳体上，实现逆止。中心那个就是批头咀里的磁铁：
前端内部的总体情况：
这3枚螺丝应该是固定减速箱的，拧下：
橇下红色按钮，里面有2个用于回位的小弹簧：
试图继续拆解， 但机身其他螺纹连接都被粘死了，拆不动了。加热也不行，因为里面有锂电池，温度不可过高。拆解只好中止，目前还不能进行破拆，这只能叫半拆了。 不过，本人收集、整理了一些小动X2的内部图片，可以做些弥补。
小动X2的3D爆炸图：
电池仓和控制电路部分：
前半段及内部：
这是在生产线上的控制电路板。从封闭的方形电感可以感受到其用料和做工，并猜测X2是采用升压的方案：
采用了叠在一起的二层电路板结构，在绿PCB和黑PCB边上各有一个按键S1和S2：
目前还不能看到其所用体感控制IC（陀螺仪芯片）、主控MCU等细节情况。
尾端还有一块电路板。可以分辨出开关与LED照明灯、RGB指示灯、micro USB插座等：
这是锂电池，三星的ICR18650-22P，2200mAh的动力电池：
从结构方面将小动X2与X1做个简单对比：
1、锂电池采用18650。
2、体感控制转速。
3、增加了照明灯。
4、机身直接充电。
5、前端主轴减掉了滚珠轴承，改为轴套，降低了成本。
6、增加了侧开关，方便了非垂直向下方向的操作。
7、增加了逆止锁紧机构，大幅提高了手动模式的扭矩。
除了前面与X1对比提到的改进之外，小动X2有不少优点，这是其中一部分：
1、空间复用1，尾端开关透明帽兼作照明灯。
2、空间复用2，指示灯是RGB三色灯，既作充电状态指示（红绿），也作工作状态指示（蓝）和电池电量指示（红蓝）。
3、侧键和尾端键双控制，方便各种方位的操作。
4、充电功能内置，充电状态指示完善。
5、扭力较大，能拧动一些木螺丝。
6、18枚精制批头，品种较为齐全。
几个问题和建议供参考和探讨：
1、照明，由于结构的原因是尾端照射，没有实现实时照亮电批前方工作区的功能，当然已比没有要好很多。
2、偶有自锁失灵的情况。
3、主轴为铸件而非机加工，同心度误差没有进行校正，有待提高，否则难以适应较精密的作业，也影响广大动粉的心情。
4、没有独立的扭力调节，虽然可以采用调整握紧力的办法进行扭力自适应，但在拆装小螺丝时可能会因自身转动惯量较大而超过螺丝帽的承受力。
5、没有转向设置功能，而反向以全扭力高速启动，可能不适合反螺纹小螺丝场合。
6、机身螺纹被粘死，变成了一次性装备，内部锂电池难以自行更换，给广大动粉带来不小的后顾之忧。像小动X1那样用顶丝固定有啥不妥吗？
7、出厂没有配套挂绳和便携收纳袋。
8、本人手中的这把小动X2，按住按钮2～5s后会自动开始转动，匀加速越转越快，直到最快。这可能是没有处理好陀螺仪信号的偏差导致。
9、固件不能自行升级，若有bug只能返厂。
10、收到时批头磁性较弱，需要自行加磁。
11、这个转速可以当钻孔器了，希望能有配套的钻孔批头。
12、若开机状态没有操作时耗电很小的话（建议官方将静态电流列入技术参数表中），不如改称电源开关为“童锁”功能。
13、全金属结构固然耐用、高档， 但由于外壳导电，不可在没有绝缘措施情况下拆装带强电的螺丝，这点是否应在说明书中予以提示？
下面是小动X1与小动X2主要技术参数对比表：
总体来说，小动X2是DIY玩家、亲子互动、精密拆解、家电维修、亲友馈赠的很好选择。
附 小动上一代电批的评测和拆解资料：小身材，大扭矩！——小动X1电批使用评测 简约不简单——小动X1笔型电批拆解探秘
评测就到这里吧，谢谢各位观赏！
[ 此帖被newnet1234在2018-09-14 12:33重新编辑 ]History of mobile phones, Phones have gradually evolved and improved with great new features. Let’s review its entire history.
Mobile phones have come a long way since 1973 (even earlier) in design and features. From the Motorola DynaTAC to the current iPhone 14 or foldable like the Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 4, there is a whole world of improvements.
And it is that, currently, thousands of models of mobile phones and new brands have hit the streets since 1973 until now.
With all this, we wanted to review its history, remembering some of the first mobiles that integrated functions that we now see as something normal but which, at that time, were quite a revolution.
Smartphones, as we now know them, have become vital in our lives, and we are always up to date with the latest developments in the sector. However, everything has an origin; logically, it is not the same reality we currently live in.
This is the history of the mobile phone.
As we have already mentioned before, the first mobile phone was invented in 1973 by Motorola. On April 3, 1973, Motorola engineer Martin Cooper made the first-ever mobile phone call with the DynaTAC 8000X.
The prototype weighed 1.1 kg and is quite large for what we are used to today. This cumbersome device offered a talk time of 30 minutes and required 10 hours to recharge. Until then, the closest thing to not being tied to a landline was having a phone installed in the car, so it was quite a revolution.
However, the history of mobile phones became popular during the mobile revolution that began in the 1990s. In 1990, the number of mobile users was around 11 million; by 2020, that number had risen to a whopping 2.5 billion. Of course, we’ve seen the famous “brick” phones evolve into something much more impressive during this time.
Previously, in 1985 we had a great event: the first text message in history was sent. A developer forwarded it to the company director at the Vodafone office Christmas party. The statement read: “Merry Christmas!”
Of course, big companies quickly followed in Motorola’s footsteps and began releasing their versions: Nokia, for example, entered the market in 1987 with the Mobira Cityman 900. Weighing 760 grams, the phone represented a Significant improvement over DynaTAC. Another year later, Samsung released its first mobile phone in 1988, the SH-100.
As we moved into the 1990s, phone cases got smaller and antennas thinner. In 1992, the next significant innovation came with the Nokia 1011, the first mass-produced GSM (2G) phone.
Now, until then, we were talking about mobile phones. However, the first smartphone was presented much earlier than you can imagine. Launched in 1994, the IBM Simon was the first device with apps and a touchscreen, making it the world’s first smartphone.
Although this novelty did not take off, “normal” mobiles continued to gain popularity as they became more compact and varied in design. There were more foldable phones, slider phones were introduced, and Motorola innovated again. For example, the Motorola StarTAC was the first clamshell phone and the first to raise the vibration.
The first mobile phone with a QWERTY keyboard was the Nokia Communicator 9000, released in 1996. In addition to having a keyboard, the Communicator 9000 also introduced many business-related features such as email, web browsing, faxing, word processing, and spreadsheets.
And in 1998, Siemens launched the Siemens S10, the first mobile phone with a color screen. Another big event that year was the launch of 3G. It is worth mentioning that custom ringtones were also released that same year, thus becoming the first downloadable content available for mobile phones.
Around the turn of the millennium, phones got even smaller and lighter. It was in the year 2000 when the Nokia 3310 was launched. In addition to becoming one of the most iconic phones of all time, it remains one of the best-selling phones today.I remember when I was in high school I had a great teacher on environmental science. From that guy I learned many incredible things that I won’t forget, especially this one, and I am quoting him:
“When you throw your banana peels, or an orange peels in the grass, and a cop passes and wants to charge you a pollution ticket, you sent him directly to me.”
I knew exactly the story behind the quote, because we were preparing for finals on the exact theme. Now, let’s see what happened to the National Park… (and you will figure out the quote)
Little spoiler: what they did can change the entire world!
Why is this story so exciting?
In exchange for donating a portion of unspoiled, forested land to the Área de Conservación Guanacaste (a nature preserve in the country’s northwest) the park authorized the company to dump its discarded orange peels and pulp, free of charge, in a heavily grazed, largely deforested area nearby.
The first deposit of orange peels in 1996. Photo by Dan Janzen.
After one year, 1000 trucks spilled 12.000 metric tons of discarded orange compost onto the deforested area.
It was then untouched and unexamined for a decade. Although they didn’t forget to put on a sign to make it easier to locate.
After 16 years, Daniel Janzen sent a graduate student Timothy Treuer to look for the place and locate it. After seeking for a while, Timothy failed to locate the place.
“It’s a huge sign, bright yellow lettering. We should have been able to see it,” says Timothy.
It was about half an hour before Timothy had to consult Janzen for more detailed location.
A week later when he came back and confirmed that he was in the exact place, he was shocked!
The site of the orange peel deposit (L) and adjacent pastureland (R). Photo by Leland Werden.
“It was just hard to believe that the only difference between the two areas was a bunch of orange peels. They look like completely different ecosystems,” he explains.
The area was so thick with vegetation he still was not able to locate the sign.
Treuer and a team of researchers from Princeton University studied the site for three years.
The results, published in the journal “Restoration Ecology,” portrays how completely the discarded fruit parts assisted the area’s flip-around.
Ecologists measured different qualities of the site against an area of former pastureland immediately across
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condizioni. Si consiglia inoltre di tenere l'aria calda lontana dalla luce solare diretta e dal calore quando non è in uso.
Responsabile del fascicolo: SERRALZATE, SL. Scopo: effettuare l'acquisto. Legittimazione: esecuzione del contratto. Destinatari: I dati non saranno oggetto di comunicazione a terzi. Diritti: accedere, rettificare e cancellare i dati.
Gestito da SERRALZATE, SL. Partita IVA n. ESB99269748. Saragozza - SpagnaUnit 3: Research Proposal
Worth: 15% of your overall grade
Document Type: Microsoft Word (*.doc or *.docx) or Rich Text Format (*.rtf)
File Name: Last Name First Name – Unit x – day month year.doc
Example: Woleslagle Julie – Unit 3 – 7 October 2018.doc
Readings: See Chapters 5 and 17-19 in Business and Professional Writing: A Basic Guide for Americans
Task: In the Research Proposal, you will present what you plan to write for your research paper. You may choose the topic for your research paper, but you must choose a topic that is of current interest within your field. Additionally, students who are earning a degree within the School of Business are required to incorporate some aspect or discussion of diversity into their paper topic.
Format, Genre: Memo, Proposal (see examples on pages 292-296 but use headings listed below)
Audience: Your audience should be a professional audience within your field of study.
Length: 3-4 pages single spaced
Research projects, reports, and papers generally begin with a proposal to do research. The proposal serves several purposes: as a planning document for the writer as a decision making tool for the audience (instructor, employer, thesis committee, book publisher, etc.) who decides if the project and its plan are feasible and the resulting document (s) will make a significant contribution to the company or field of study.
Use the headings below to structure your proposal. Follow the guidelines beneath each section to help you decide what information to include under each section.
Introduction: Begin with a brief paragraph that explains your subject and purpose of your research paper. Be concise but clear. Be sure that you have narrowed your topic to one that is manageable in 5-6 pages (double spaced). Your research paper will be written for readers who want a well-documented, thorough discussion of a subject.
Background: This section sets up the background of the problem, situation, or topic that you have chosen to research. This section is important because here you give me any background information on the subject I might need to understand your reason for researching this topic. You also explain why the topic is important, both in general and within your field of study. You tell what the current thinking is, why it is a current topic of discussion within your field, why your audience should be interested in your research, and how they will use the information. You will probably come up with other information that might be necessary for me to know. Also in this section, you begin to prove your credibility as a researcher to me, so you must provide researched and documented material in this section.
Consider answering some of the following questions as you prepare this section: Why is the topic important to your field of study? How long has it been a problem? What will happen if the problem/situation is not solved/dealt with? What do you expect the audience to do after reading your paper? What background information does the research paper audience need in order to understand the information in your paper?
Ultimately, this section should present the background needed for me to see that the paper has value or relevance to your discipline or profession.
Note: This section should consist of at least three well-developed paragraphs.
Audience: Identify the primary audience for your paper. Your audience should be a professional audience and will most likely be within your field. It cannot be a general audience. (For example, ‘teachers’ is too general an audience and would not be approved. A more specific audience might be UHV students in the field of education working toward elementary school certification or elementary school teachers within Victoria Independent School District who received certification within the last three years.)
Describe how much your audience already knows about your topic. Explain the major priorities and concerns of this audience. Analyze their attitudes toward you and your topic and explain how you will overcome any negative attitudes they may have. Describe their reason(s) for reading your paper and explain how you plan for them to use the information in the paper.
Note: You do not need to identify every type of audience that the text describes. Focus on the primary audience in your discussion.
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Methods: In this section, tell me how you plan to do the research in this section. Include specific information about where you will research and what kinds of sources you will use (journals, databases, Internet sources, etc.). You may use a variety of sources, but they must all be scholarly. You must include a working bibliography listed in alphabetical order of at least 5 sources you have already read and plan to use in your research paper, at least 3 of these sources must be scholarly journal articles. You also must include any sources you have cited in the background section of the proposal in this bibliography. Please include a short (one to two sentence) annotation of each source that describes its usefulness to your paper.
You may include one Internet source and must demonstrate its reliability and authority. (This does not include databases or journals that are on the Internet, but also exist in hardcopy somewhere. This only limits sources that can only be found on the Internet.)
I will be checking the proposal to ensure that your sources are varied, scholarly, and current.
Finally, use APA (all majors but history and English) or MLA (history and English majors) format for your reference entries.
Qualifications: Provide any background knowledge you have in this area, including personal reading you've done, classroom work/study, and work, jobs, or other activities that demonstrate your interest and ability level. Also, you may mention any previous research you've done on this or a related topic and how you are personally affected by this topic.
Note: Don't use the list format. Write a paragraph about your qualifications.
Work Schedule: This section should begin with a short discussion of the work schedule you will use to complete your research paper, highlighting any points of interest in the work schedule. Next, list the major tasks needed to complete this project and the corresponding dates. You don't need to estimate hours. Don't underestimate the importance of this section. This section is where you show me your plan for completing the project in a timely manner. In addition to the tasks that you devise, include when you will make copies of your sources to turn in with the final version of your paper.
Request for Approval: Here you ask for my permission and for suggestions. The request for approval is usually formulaic. Feel free to use or adapt the following sentence:
I ask that you approve my topic and my approach to it. I would appreciate suggestions on how you think I might best proceed.Did Jane Austen Celebrate Halloween?
Did Jane Austen celebrate Halloween?
The short answer to this question is no. Now for the long answer…
Halloween, as we know and celebrate it today (with the accompanying trick-or-treating, costume wearing, and pumpkin carving) did not exist as such in Regency England. What Jane Austen likely observed was All Hallows’ Eve, the Christian holy day that precedes All Hallows’ Day (also known as All Saints’ Day) and that eventually combined with various ancient and contemporary superstitions and customs to evolve into our modern Halloween.
Some scholars believe our modern Halloween customs have their roots in the Celtic festival of Samhain (meaning “The End of Summer”), which was observed by the Druids on November 1 at the midpoint between the Autumn and Winter Solstices. During this time, the curtain dividing the present and the past was thought to be weak, and thus spirits of the dead could wander between the two worlds. The night before Samhain, October 31, became a night in which, among other things, townsmen and priests, costumed as spirits, would lead the wandering ghosts in a parade back to their graves. People also set out lanters carved from vegetables such as turnips and rutabagas (although not pumpkins, which had not yet been introduced) to welcome friendly souls and drive out unfriendly ones.
As the Catholic Church spread throughout the world, it sought to replace pagan celebrations (such as Samhain) with Christian ones. Thus, the Western Church eventually shifted its celebration of All Saints’ Day from May to November 1. The Eastern Church, however, continues to celebrate All Saints’ Day on the first day after Pentecost.
A vigil was traditionally kept on October 31 prior to All Saints’ Day, which commemorates those saints who have passed on and attained the beatific vision in heaven. Even after the Reformation, the Anglican church retained All Saints’ Day. Thus Jane Austen, as the daughter of an Anglican clergyman, would likely have observed it, though not with trick-or-treating (which was first introduced by the Boy Scouts in America in the early 20th century) or with pumpkin carving (which did not become a Halloween custom until the late 19th century, when Americans began adopting the Irish custom using a different, New World vegetable), or by taking part in occult practices, but perhaps by keeping vigil that night before participating in the All Saints’ liturgy at church the following day.Nonostante l’attività letteraria rivesta per Guicciardini un’importanza marginale rispetto a quella politica, la mole dei suoi scritti è imponente. Eppure, egli immagina di pubblicare soltanto la Storia d’Italia, ma anche questa, come tutte le altre opere, viene stampata postuma, scampando alla volontà dell’autore morente, che ha ordinato ai familiari di bruciarla. A esclusione della Storia e dei Ricordi (che vengono pubblicati, peraltro parzialmente e con molte manipolazioni, nel corso del XVI secolo), la sua produzione diviene nota solo nella seconda metà dell’Ottocento, quando riemerge dalle carte di famiglia: relazioni, diari di viaggio, un vasto epistolario (circa 5000 lettere), opere politico-teoriche, altre redatte a uso privato e testi storiografici.
2 - Le opere
Opere politico-teoriche
È una produzione che ben si inserisce nell’intenso dibattito sull’assetto politico-costituzionale di Firenze fiorito a cavallo della caduta della Repubblica e del ritorno al potere dei Medici (1512).
In sintesi, riportiamo il contenuto delle opere di maggior rilievo.
Discorso di Logrogno
In quest’opera, che prende il nome dalla città spagnola in cui viene scritta nel 1512, Guicciardini esprime le proprie simpatie per il regime aristocratico: auspicando per Firenze un governo di «savi» e «prudenti», lo scrittore rivela già la lontananza da ogni prospettiva di governo democratico.
Dialogo del reggimento di Firenze
Scritto tra il 1521 e il 1526 e diviso in 2 libri, è un dialogo che Guicciardini immagina avvenuto a Firenze nel 1494 fra alcuni repubblicani fiorentini e Bernardo del Nero, storico esponente del partito mediceo, condannato a morte nel 1497 per aver tramato contro la Repubblica. Quest’ultimo, alter ego dell’autore, mette in luce gli aspetti negativi sia del sistema monarchico mediceo sia di quello repubblicano. A suo giudizio si rivela adatto alla particolare situazione di Firenze un governo oligarchico, nel quale il potere di un gonfaloniere a vita sia bilanciato da un senato composto dai rappresentanti delle famiglie più agiate.
Considerazioni intorno ai “Discorsi” del Machiavelli sopra la Prima Deca di Tito Livio
In queste pagine, scritte probabilmente nel 1530, Guicciardini trae spunto dalle affermazioni contenute in 38 capitoli dei Discorsi di Machiavelli, per contrapporvisi analiticamente. La confutazione nasce soprattutto dal rifiuto di Guicciardini di considerare gli ordinamenti
romani – come quelli di ogni altro popolo e di ogni altra epoca – alla stregua di
modelli per il presente.
Anche il progetto nazionale unitario, sostenuto da Machiavelli nell’esortazione finale del Principe, viene visto come un’ipotesi utopistica e non condivisibile. Guicciardini infatti non è d’accordo con l’amico sul fatto che l’unità politica sia da preferire alla frammentazione in tanti principati, visto che nella nostra penisola è sempre stato vivo il sentimento dell’autonomia cittadina e della libertà dei singoli comuni.
Il particolarismo è un’attitudine connaturata agli italiani: combatterla è inutile, anzi controproducente.
Opere a uso privato
Come si è detto, tutte le opere di Guicciardini, a eccezione della Storia d’Italia, non nascono per essere pubblicate. Alcune di esse, in particolare, hanno per loro stessa natura un carattere privato, com’era tipico della tradizione fiorentina dei cosiddetti “libri di famiglia”.
Memorie di famiglia e Ricordanze
Era abitudine a Firenze che i capi delle famiglie più illustri lasciassero ai propri discendenti le informazioni relative alla storia della famiglia: alberi genealogici, resoconti patrimoniali, biografie di antenati illustri, precetti educativi. Anche Guicciardini scrive nel 1508 le Memorie di famiglia e le Ricordanze per tramandare le glorie domestiche.
Ricordi
Si tratta di una nutrita raccolta di pensieri e appunti sparsi, raccolti da Guicciardini. Pur mancando della disciplinata metodicità del Principe, essi esprimono pienamente la sostanza originale del pensiero dell’autore. A quest’opera dedichiamo la seconda parte dell’Unità (► p. 825).
Opere storiche
La riflessione guicciardiniana, condotta in modo asistematico nei Ricordi, trova nel racconto storico una più organica conferma pratica. La passione per la produzione storiografica accompagna lo scrittore lungo l’arco di tutta la sua avventura politica.
Storie fiorentine
Prendendo in esame gli eventi che vanno dal tumulto dei Ciompi (1378) sino al 1509, quest’opera giovanile, risalente proprio al 1509 e rimasta incompiuta, mostra le caratteristiche tipiche del Guicciardini storico. L’analisi delle vicende esclude l’idea di qualsiasi intervento trascendente nella vita degli uomini, che viene indagata nelle sue più intime pieghe e sfaccettature. Lo studio delle fonti è limitato per lo più ai documenti presenti nell’archivio familiare, ma appare già chiara la volontà dello storico di approfondire le cause delle azioni e la rappresentazione dei personaggi e degli ambienti.
Cose fiorentine
Quest’altra opera storica (1528), anch’essa incompiuta, è stata ritrovata tra le carte dell’autore solo negli anni Quaranta del Novecento. L’arco temporale che doveva coprire andava dal 1375 al 1441, ma gli ultimi anni ci sono pervenuti solo allo stadio di abbozzo. Interessante è però la narrazione, contenuta nel Proemio, delle origini di Firenze, che Guicciardini allestisce impiegando fonti diverse, da quelle d’archivio ai testi classici come lo scrittore latino Plinio il Vecchio (I secolo d.C.).
Storia d’Italia
Unica tra le opere di Guicciardini a essere destinata alla pubblicazione, la Storia d’Italia viene scritta nei suoi ultimi anni di vita, a partire dal 1537.
L’opera va dalla discesa in Italia del re di Francia Carlo VIII, nel 1494, fino alla morte di papa Clemente VII, nel 1534. L’evento che apre la narrazione è considerato dall’autore come l’inizio di un periodo di crisi profonda, segnato in Italia dal dominio straniero e da una grave instabilità. Quel periodo non è ancora stato superato quando Guicciardini scrive la sua opera: ciò spiega la visione pessimistica che emerge dalla tensione tragica con cui viene narrata la progressiva rovina d’Italia, vittima passiva nelle mani dello straniero.
Divisa dagli editori ottocenteschi in 20 libri, l’opera riflette il rifiuto dell’autore di ragionare sulla base di teorie astratte. Nessuno schema precostituito infatti condiziona il racconto e il giudizio dei fatti, che vengono analizzati con tono distaccato e tendenzialmente oggettivo, con apparente indifferenza.
Nell’approccio storiografico di Guicciardini è possibile cogliere l’influenza delle sue esperienze politiche e diplomatiche, benché egli parli di sé in terza persona. La conoscenza
diretta dei protagonisti gli permette di approntare una galleria di ritratti delle grandi personalità dell’epoca. In qualche caso, per metterne meglio a fuoco caratteri e psicologie, Guicciardini, ricorrendo a un artificio tipico della storiografia classica, li fa parlare ed esprimere direttamente in discorsi fittizi, pensieri e progetti.
Ma, a differenza di tutta la tradizione precedente, Guicciardini impiega, in modo sistematico e approfondito, le fonti documentarie, confrontandole tra loro. Ogni documento viene infatti accuratamente vagliato: uno scrupolo di verità, questo, che fa della Storia d’Italia la prima opera storiografica moderna.
Lo stile è assai diverso da quello che troviamo nei Ricordi. Ciò non deve sorprendere. Guicciardini infatti affida alla Storia d’Italia quasi il ruolo di un testamento da tramandare ai posteri: è l’opera con cui aspira alla fama tanto ambita. Perciò la sintassi è complessa, fatta di periodi molto ampi e articolati, tesa a riprodurre le solenni caratteristiche formali della grande storiografia classica. Il lessico si ispira alle direttive di Pietro Bembo, di cui Guicciardini aveva letto e apprezzato le Prose della volgar lingua (1525): per questo, la Storia d’Italia si libera dalla patina popolaresca del fiorentino contemporaneo così come raccomandava Bembo, fautore, per la prosa, del modello boccacciano e trecentesco.
|La vita
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bağlı kalacağım.
- FRANK CASTLE (@Toby1ee) Eylül 8, 2018
Şuna şöyle bakın: Hikaye Asya'da, fantastik bir Çin'de gerçekleşecek olsaydı, herkes kahramanın yeşil gözlü beyaz bir kız olması garip bulurdu.
- Ulyses (@Ulyses2) Eylül 8, 2018
Kabul edildi, karakterleri olduğu gibi bırakın, özellikle Ciri!
— Manjot Singh (@_CabooseRVB) Eylül 8, 2018
Diğerleri, bu noktada sayısız oyun, film ve çizgi roman mahvetmiş olan çok türetilmiş ve umutsuz çeşitlilik gündemini benimsemesi için Hissrich'i çağırdı. SJW'nin gündeminden dolayı birçok taraftar medyayı desteklemekten kaçındı.
Çeşitlilik gündemini bir hack gibi zorlamadan iyi bir şov yapmaya çalışabilir misiniz? Renk eklemek istiyorsanız, yeni karakterler oluşturun, sadece mevcut karakterleri boyamayın.
- Pelisetä (@peliseta) Tarafından Çekilen En Yeni Fotoğrafları İncele Eylül 8, 2018
Aslında insanlar oyunculara paranoyak olduklarını söylerdi ve sadece “görmezden gelirlerdi”, ama şimdi gösteriyi dört gözle bekleyen normlar, çeşitlilik gündeminden sıkıntılı ve hatalı bir şekilde etkileneceklerdi.
lütfen oyuncu seçimi yapan biriyle konuşun ve BS PC'yi durdurun！
- stanleyho (@StanleyHo730) Eylül 8, 2018
Hikayeyi katladığınıza ve Ciri'yi “beyaz değil” yaptığınıza inanamıyorum, neden Blackpanther 2'yi beyaz bir adamla yapmıyoruz? Hikayeye gerçekten iyi uyuyor gibi görünüyor!
- Björn Riedel (@kiddoBjorn) Tarafindan Çekilen Trend Fotograflari Kontrol Et Eylül 8, 2018
Diğerleri #NoBAMECiri etiketini başlatmayı önerdi.
Twitter'daki reklamlar oldukça büyük ve oldukça uzun bir süre devam ediyor.
Bu aynı zamanda, diğer topluluklarda da iyi sonuçlanmadı. buhar forumları, haberlerin hızla yayıldığı yer The Witcher grupları.
En şaşırtıcı geri dönüş aslında baştan sona geldi. The Witcher alt redditKültürel Komünistler tarafından zorlanan çeşitlilik gündemine sahip olan taraftarların tutkulu, uzun bir dağılımının olduğu yerler.
Kullanıcı DELORD_kurwa_KURWA yazdı…
“Badana yıkamanın ne olduğunu biliyorum. Bunun bir sorun olduğunu biliyorum. Lauren'in süper anti-ırkçı ve ilerici olduğunu anlıyorum. [...]
“Ama bir Kutup olarak da ayrımcılığa uğradım. Stereotipler yüzünden yargılanıyorum. Amerikan köleliği ile hiçbir ilgim yok, “slav” teriminin etiyolojisini bile kontrol edebilirsiniz. Bu yüzden neden bu çeşitlilik gündemini zorladığınızı anlamıyorum. [...]
“Ben sadece siyah adamlarla aynı saygıyı istiyorum, eğer Cadıcı'nın Afrika'dan biri tarafından yazıldığı bir dünyada yaşıyor olsaydık, ana oyuncu kadrosundan herkes siyahtı ve aniden karakterlerden birinin yapımında TV dizisi vardı. sebepsiz yere beyaz, hemen ırkçı olarak etiketlenecekti. ”[…]
İş parçacığının çoğunluğu yazıyı destekledi, yazıyı kendi fikrini destekleyen binlerce kullanıcıyla destekledi ve aynı zamanda birçok medya mülkünü bozan çeşitlilik gündemi için kendi karargâhlarını paylaştı.
Siyahlar bile bu karar verme kararını beğenmediler; alt reddit Blackfellas Bunun, dört gözle beklemeye değer olmadığını çünkü rengin_me_this1 yazıyla, renkli insanların kreasyonlara başkalarına dokunmaya çalışmak yerine kendi medyalarını oluşturmaları gerektiğini belirtti.
“[…] Şahsen siyah insanların başkalarının dünyalarına dahil olmak için çaresiz olmalarından bıktım ve bu Witcher'in ötesine geçiyor. Seni / bizi istemiyorlar. Olsalardı, Bioware gibi oynadılar ve siyah / queer / etc karakterleri yarattılar. Şimdi hurdalara yalvarmak yerine (ki benim için varolan karakterlerin yarışını siyah yapmak için yalvarıyorlar.) İçerik oluşturalım ve / veya insanlara destek verelim. Ve orada herhangi bir değişiklik olursa, karakter Zendaya'da daha fazla olacak şeylerin tarafı). [...]”
Şimdiye dek böyle görünmüyor ki, herhangi birisinin, azınlıklardan bile olsa, taraftarların öne sürdüğü itme ve muhalefet miktarından daha fazlasını desteklediği görülüyor.
Bu, Netflix yazı ekibinin Amerika'da açık sınırları teşvik etmek için çok fazla ısı toplamasına ek olarak iyiye işaret değil, bu da birçok insanın yaklaşmakta olan TV şovunu anında yazmasına neden oldu. The Witcher. Daha da kötüsü, kitapların asıl yazarı Andrzej Sapkowski'nin şovdaki yapım ekibiyle danışman olarak çalışıyor olması, çeşitlilik gündemini önemsemediği veya onayladığı anlamına gelmiyor.
Çeşitli hayranları The Witcher şovcu Lauren Schmidt Hissrich'e duydukları endişeyi dile getirerek, SJW etkisinin gösteriyi mahvedebileceğini belirsiz bir şekilde açıkça belirtti. Hissrich, şikayetleri reddederek cevap vererek bir dizi tweet Bu oku…
“SJW-ness'imin gösteriye itileceği korkusu aşikar ve anlıyorum (biraz). Politika hakkında yazılar yazıyorum çünkü ülkem hakkında gerçek fikirlere sahip olmaya cesaret eden gerçek bir insanım. Bu beni takip etmenin bir parçası, eğer bu seni rahatsız ediyorsa, git. Lütfen. VEYA kal ve gösterinin politik olduğunu söylediğimi duy. (“Hayır” kitaplarını okuyan herkes şu anda söylüyor). Ama onlar benim siyasetim ya da yazarlarım değiller. Niye ya? Çünkü bizler, kendi kolektif liberal fikirlerimizi haklı çıkarmak için bir televizyon programını kullanmaya hiç istek duymayan profesyonelleriz çünkü BU ÇILGINDIR.”
Şimdiye kadarki tek kurtarıcı lütuf, başarılı aktör Henry Cavill'in Rivia'nın Geralt'ı olarak seçilmesiydi, ancak görünüşe göre Soldan gelen birçok sosyopolitik ajitprop ile büyük ölçüde dengelenecek.
(Haberler için teşekkürler Ebicentre)Yoruluyorsun. İkinci tekil şahısta düşünmekten yoruluyorsun, ama ben demenin yol açacağı duygusal tepkimeleri de kaldıramayacağını çok iyi biliyorsun. Acaba birkaç benlik daha yaratabilir misin? Bunun hesaplarını yapıyorsun. Ama bu durum ne yazık ki hikâye yazmaya benzemiyor. Birkaç sözcükle yaratılan hayatların tümünün, aslında kendi kopyaların olduğunu anlıyorsun. Bunu neden daha önce fark etmediğine şaşırıyorsun. Bir anda, bir meleği, bir ermişi, bir azizi andıran masum yazar görüntüsünün yerini, kendi kendine –üzeri toplumsal onay gören bir estetikle örtülmüş– terapi yapan ve bu yaptığını da yazmak ya da yaratmak sanan bir hasta imgesi alıyor. Üstelik bu düşünceyi doğrulayacak bir sürü kanıt, Şeytan’ın Avukatı tarafından zihin mahkemesine sunuluyor. “İşte,” diyor Avukat, “burada rakamlarda da açıkça görülüyor, sanık normal insanlar gibi bir yaşam süremediği için bu yolu seçmiştir. Normal insanlar yani çoğunluk, yapması gerekenleri hızla kavrayıp bunları gerçekleştirirken, sanık kendini bilgisayarın başına zincirleyip bu sorumluluklardan kaçıyor ve yüz yüze halledemediği ne varsa hikâyelerinde bunlarla uğraşıyor. Üstelik bu yaptığının bir korkaklık değil de saygıdeğer bir çaba olduğunu düşünüyor. Oysa yazdıklarına bir göz atmak yeterli...”
Sürükleyici bir anlatım, şaşırtıcı kurgular, ironik bir yaklaşım ve yoğun bir içebakış. Oysa Herkes Kendisiyle Meşgul, kitapları çok sayıda dile çevrilen, ödüller alan Murat Gülsoy’un ilk kitabı.1Motosiklet dünyasına dahil olanların sayısı her geçen gün büyüyor. Doğal olarak eski kullanıcılar motosikletlerle ilgili bir çok konuda bilgi ve deneyim sahibi olabilirler. Ama benim gibi yeni motosiklet kullanmaya başlayanlar için hayati bazı bilgiler paylaşmak istiyoruz. Motosiklet bakımı için bunları not almanızı tavsiye ederiz. Merak etmeyin uzman bir ekibin hazırladığı bir liste bu..In investing, value is a relative term. It can be derived in different ways, using either market-price ratios or a fundamental analysis of discounted cash flows, earnings or dividends. But the two methods differ significantly and rarely produce the same valuation. What’s more, within each model, there are different variations, depending upon what metric and time period is used, making for an entire spectrum of possible valuations.
In practice, equity analysts will consider several different types of valuation before coming up with their own estimated value of the security.
The principal market-price derived valuation methods look at current market price relative to earnings, sales or book value—the well-known price/earnings (P/E), price/sales (P/S) and price/book (P/B) ratios. These ratios are derived for a given time period—typically for a trailing four quarters for earnings and sales, and most recent quarter-end for book value. But ratios can also be based on longer periods or projected amounts. What’s more, the cash flows used are usually adjusted to omit extraordinary gains or losses, or to net out items that might distort their representation of the company’s recurring cash flows.
Unlike fundamentally derived valuations, market-price valuations are only relevant when compared to peers or market averages. That a given company trades at 12 times trailing fourth quarter earnings per share means nothing. But if its peers are all trading at multiples of 20 to 25, then the stock would appear to be undervalued. When using market-price valuations, it is important to compare apples to apples— make sure ratio definitions and time periods are the same for the company in question and those to whom you are comparing it. Expected growth is also a critical factor when dealing with ratios that use projected earnings. It is also important to factor in (or discount) nonfinancial events or circumstances which might affect the multiples. For instance, a large looming law suit or the approaching expiration of a patent might account for a company’s lower valuation versus its peers.
Fundamentally derived valuations
Unlike market-price valuations, fundamentally driven valuations estimate the intrinsic value of a stock by calculating its net present value. This is done by estimating the company’s future cash flows, projecting them forward, and then applying a discount rate. The discount rate is a deterministic return assumption that represents investment returns. It takes into account not just the time value of money, but also the risk or uncertainty of future cash flows. The greater the uncertainty of future cash flows, the higher the discount rate.
There are three principal types of fundamentally derived valuations: the dividend, cash-flow and earnings discount models. Each uses the respective items as a basis to project future flows. Note that such valuation techniques are complex. They entail detailed projections of the respective items and many assumptions must be made when determining an appropriate discount rate. What’s more, they only apply to certain companies. For instance, the dividend discount model can only be used for companies that pay, and have a history of paying dividends.
Which is the real value?
Consider the following hypothetical example of Company X and its estimated value using the different valuation methods.
Market-Price Derived Valuations*
|P/E Model||P/S Model||P/B Model|
|Company X Current Price||$20||$20||$20|
|Company X earnings/sales/book value per share||$1.67||$7.50||$0.64|
|Company X multiple (P/E, P/S, P/B)||12||2.67||31.30|
|Peer Average multiple||15||2.50||35.50|
|Company X estimated value based on peer multiple||$25.05||$18.75||$22.72|
|Under or over-valued vs. peers||Under||Over||Under|
Net Present Value Valuations*
|Earnings Model||Cash Flow Model||Dividends Model|
|Company X Current Price||$20||$20||$20|
|Company X earnings, cash flow and dividends per share||$1.67||$7.50||$0.64|
|Company X estimated value+ based on respective valuation model||15||2.50||35.50|
|Under or over-valued vs. model estimated value||$25.05||$18.75||$22.72|
*Examples are hypothetical and for illustration purposes only. Net present value calculations include other variables not shown.
As in the real world, the different models produce different conclusions as to whether the stock is underpriced, overpriced or fairly priced. Keep in mind that this hypothetical illustration is simplified. Real models will adjust numbers for a host of variables and contain many underlying assumptions, which vary by analyst.
Given these disparate estimates of value, what does an investor do? In practice, it is best to consider both market-derived and fundamentally derived values when coming up with your own estimated value. What you should look for is consistency—consistency in whether the models find the stock to be under- or over-valued or fairly priced—and consistency in projected estimated value. Also keep in mind that standard valuation models work best for long-established companies with a solid track record. An emerging tech company with triple-digit sales growth and negative earnings is likely to produce wild or meaningless valuations under most of these methods, and its values are driven largely by estimates of market share or other intangibles that are difficult to quantify.
In the end, the best way to reconcile the different valuation methods is by knowing the company you are investing in—its business, financials and management. This will allow you to select or emphasize a valuation method that best suits your situation.Could I have iron deficiency? Causes, symptoms and treatments.
Do you often feel tired, breathless or weak?
These are familiar symptoms for someone with iron deficiency.
What is iron deficiency?
This common condition occurs when the body lacks iron. Iron is an essential mineral that builds red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body. Iron deficiency can be diagnosed by a doctor using a simple blood test.
What are the symptoms of iron deficiency?
Women and vegetarians are more at risk, but anyone can suffer from iron deficiency.
Symptoms of iron deficiency include:
- Unusual fatigue (tiredness)
- Pale skin – if you have dark skin, you may notice that your skin is dull in colour, or that the inside of your bottom eyelids are pale instead of bright red.
- Shortness of breath – if you easily get out of breath, make an appointment with your doctor. If you are suddenly out of breath, and have chest pain or other symptoms, call 000 now.
- Heart palpitations (irregular heartbeats)
- Dry and damaged hair and skin
- Swollen or sore tongue and mouth – or your tongue may be pale or unusually smooth
- Mouth ulcers and cracks at the corners of your lips
- Restless leg syndrome
- Strange cravings – wanting to eat things such as ice, paper, or dirt
If you have these symptoms, it is very important to see your doctor. Iron deficiency can cause complications. Furthermore, these can also be symptoms of thyroid or heart conditions.
Why does iron deficiency need treatment?
Left untreated, iron deficiency can cause complications such as:
- Heart problems
- Higher chance of infections
- Pregnancy issues, such as premature birth and low birth weight
- Growth issues in children
How much iron do I need?
Your iron needs depend on your age and gender.
Group Daily iron needs
Children under 14 have different iron needs – speak to your GP for more information.
How can I get enough iron?
Examples of foods high in iron include:
- lamb liver
- chicken eggs
Vegetarian and plant foods high in iron include:
- wheat bran
- red lentils, chickpeas, and beans
- dark leafy vegetables, such as spinach
- dry green peas
- oyster mushrooms
- sundried tomato
- wholemeal pasta
Some foods, such as cereal, bread, tofu, and plant milks, may be fortified with iron. Check the packet.
Click here to download information on how much iron you need and examples of iron rich diets.
What is the treatment for iron deficiency?
After you are diagnosed with iron deficiency, your doctor may tell you to eat a high-iron diet, and prescribe iron tablets. But perhaps the iron tablets aren’t working, or they cause unwanted effects like constipation or nausea. Or maybe your iron level is very low, and you need to increase it quickly for medical reasons.
In that case, an iron infusion might be right for you. This fast and safe procedure rapidly increases your iron levels, without the side effects of taking iron tablets by mouth. DPV Health is pleased to offer iron infusions thanks to the expertise of Dr Zahid Haider at the skin clinic.
What does the procedure involve?
“An iron infusion is a large dose of iron in a drip,” Dr Haider from DPV Health explains. The new infusion technique takes only 30 minutes, and in total the procedure takes just over an hour. “It’s a very efficient way of increasing your iron quickly,” Dr Haider says. “You feel so much better in a day or two, rather than taking tablets for three or six months.” Speak to your doctor for advice on whether iron infusion is right for you.
Who might need an iron infusion?
People need an iron infusion when they cannot benefit from oral iron tablets or need to increase their iron levels quickly. For example:
- People who have experienced side effects from iron tablets
- People with certain conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease
- People with extremely low iron levels
- People with ongoing blood loss due to cancers or ulcers
-
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significativa perdita di peso di Jared Fogle mangiando panini Subway, ma Subway non approva ufficialmente il piano di dieta, citando questioni di responsabilità. Jared è originario di Indianapolis, Indiana ed è diventato famoso poco dopo il 1999 quando un amico ha scritto della sua perdita di peso in un giornale locale.
Cosa è successo a Jared Fogle di Subway?
La caduta del portavoce di Subway Jared Fogle ha avuto un impatto significativo sulla reputazione del gigante dei panini, secondo un nuovo rapporto di una società di consulenza sulla reputazione.Ha iniziato la sua "dieta Subway", che consisteva in due panini Subway al giorno senza il formaggio e la maionese, così come un programma di passeggiate quotidiane, e ha perso quasi 100 libbre.
Cos'è la dieta Subway e funziona?
La dieta Subway è stata creata da un uomo obeso che era motivato a perdere peso. Dopo aver rifiutato le diete tradizionali, Jared Fogle ha sviluppato un piano di perdita di peso basato sul menu a basso contenuto di grassi del negozio di panini Subway. I panini a basso contenuto di grassi erano anche a basso contenuto calorico, e Fogle ha elaborato la sua versione personale del controllo delle porzioni.Origini: Il lanciatore di Subway, Jared Fogle, è vivo e vegeto, ma anche le voci sulla sua dipartita.
Come posso perdere peso mangiando Subway?
1) Ordina un'insalata. Ogni panino del loro menu può essere ordinato come insalata, anche se io ignoro completamente il menu e ordino quello che voglio. - 2) Scegliete la vostra proteina. Subway offre tacchino e pollo. - 3) Ricoprirla. Questa è la parte divertente. - 4) Condirlo. - 5) Aggiungete i vostri carboidrati.
Cosa è successo a Jared Fogle?
Il lanciatore di Subway diventato pedofilo condannato Jared Fogle (oggi, a destra) ha parlato per la prima volta dalla prigione. Fogle - che secondo l'accusa era in possesso di circa 400 video pedopornografici - si è dichiarato colpevole nell'agosto 2015 di un'accusa di pedopornografia e di aver pagato per fare sesso con una ragazza minorenne dopo un viaggio dall'Indiana a New York City.Fogle ha iniziato a mangiare due panini Subway al giorno e ad aumentare la sua attività fisica quando aveva 20 anni e non era in grado di camminare attraverso il campus, secondo la versione ufficiale.
Fogle ha sostituito il suo consumo alimentare di 10.000 calorie al giorno con un piccolo panino al tacchino e un grande panino vegetariano insieme ad alcune patatine al forno e una bibita dietetica, per un totale di circa 2000 calorie.
Le pubblicità della catena di ristoranti spesso non si concentravano sui panini di Subway quanto su Jared Fogle, che divenne rapidamente una quasi-celebrità per il suo straordinario successo di perdita di peso come risultato del mangiare da Subway 25.
Jared Fogle, 26 anni, è meglio conosciuto come "The Subway Guy", dopo la marca di panini che dice di averlo aiutato a perdere 245 libbre in un anno.
Cos'è la dieta di Fogle's Subway?
Quella che ora è conosciuta come la "dieta Subway" di Fogle, consisteva in un panino di tacchino da 6 pollici per pranzo e un panino Veggie Delite da 12 pollici per cena 2 3 4. Ha evitato la maionese e il formaggio su entrambi i panini. Il panino di tacchino da 6 pollici ha 290 calorie e 4 grammi di grasso totale. Il panino Veggie Delite da 12 pollici ha 460 calorie e 4.5 grammi di grassi totali 4.
Cosa ha detto Jared Fogle di se stesso?
"Ero egoista e autorizzato". Il lanciatore di Subway diventato pedofilo condannato Jared Fogle (oggi, a destra) ha parlato per la prima volta dalla prigione.In quanto tempo Jared Fogle ha perso 245 libbre con la dieta Subway? Secondo Jared Fogle, ci è voluto solo "un anno" per perdere 245 libbre con la dieta Subway. Il ragazzo di Subway ha detto che ha iniziato il viaggio nel 1998 e nel 1999 era magro e a posto. Non siamo sicuri se una tale dieta funzioni per tutti. A 20 anni e incapace di camminare attraverso il campus, secondo la storia ufficiale, Fogle ha iniziato a mangiare due panini Subway al giorno e a fare più esercizio. Dov'è Jared di Subway ora 2021? Anche dopo la sua condanna in prigione, sarà sotto la supervisione dello stato per il resto della sua vita. Dove si trova ora Jared di Subway? A partire da ora, nel 2021, Fogle è ancora in una cella di prigione, a rispondere dei suoi crimini. Subway ha tagliato tutti i legami con Fogle e lui resterà in prigione per molto tempo. Oltre a mangiare panini Subway a basso contenuto di grassi, la dieta richiede un regolare esercizio fisico.
Come ha fatto Ben Fogle a perdere peso?
Ben presto, la notizia del suo successo si diffuse e fu presentato all'America - e a Subway - attraverso interviste con Oprah Winfrey, Larry King e la rivista "Men's Health" 2. Il suo piano alimentare autoimposto di due panini al giorno durò per 11 mesi, e Fogle sperimentò una perdita di peso che gli cambiò la vita.
Jared Fogle, ha impiegato solo "un anno" per perdere 245 libbre con la dieta Subway.Anche se Subway si è affrettato a sottolineare che Fogle non ha perso peso solo mangiando Subway da solo, è stato sufficiente per rendere Fogle un nome familiare.
Fogle ha cambiato le sue abitudini alimentari quando è passato a mangiare da Subway, mangiando porzioni più piccole e prive di condimenti altamente calorici come la maionese.
Quanto pesava Jared Fogle nel 1998?
Nel 1998, Jared pesava circa 425 libbre. Era una posizione molto pericolosa. Faceva fatica persino a camminare. Il ventenne studente dell'Università dell'Indiana passò allora a mangiare da Subway. "Vivevo a 10 passi da un ristorante Subway", ha detto Fogle.
Quando Jared Fogle è passato alla metropolitana?
Quando Jared passò a Subway. Nell'anno 1998, Jared pesava circa 425 libbre. Era una posizione molto pericolosa. Faceva fatica persino a camminare. Il ventenne studente dell'Università dell'Indiana passò allora a mangiare Subway. "Vivevo a 10 passi da un ristorante Subway", ha detto Fogle.
Serve come rappresentante del marchio Subway, viaggiando in tutto il Nord America per apparire nei ristoranti Subway e tenere discorsi in scuole e ospedali 2.
Jared Fogle era una delle parti più importanti delle campagne pubblicitarie di Subway qualche anno fa.
Cosa ha mangiato Jared Fogle per colazione?
Considera cosa consumava Jared. Ogni giorno, a colazione, prendeva due panini con pancetta, uova e formaggio, con una grande porzione di hash browns, un grande caffè con panna e 10 bustine di zucchero. Il pranzo era un'intera pizza - carne extra, formaggio extra, e naturalmente il dessert.Salve,
se tale diagnosi sarà corretta, un approccio fisioterapico può rappresentare scuramente un valido trattamento iniziale.
In base all'evoluzione della terapia, si possono attuare anche ulteriori strategie come quella farmacologica e/o infiltrative, sino ad arrivare (in estremo) ad un intervento chirurgico. Di massima, un periodo di riposo ed immobilizzazione sono consigliati in caso di forte infiammazione e soprattutto dopo un trauma.Bir Netflix yapımı olan Roma filmi, 91. Oscar ödül törenine de damgasını vurmayı başardı. 3 dalda ödül alan Roma filmi, birçok sinema eleştirmeni tarafından tam not almayı başardı. Peki, Roma filmi oyuncuları kimler? Roma filmi konusu nedir? İşte, filme dair ayrıntılar...
ROMA FİLMİ KONUSU NEDİR?
Film, yönetmenin 1960'larda ve 70'lerde Meksiko'da büyüdüğü yıllarda bölgede yaşanan olaylara dayanıyor. Siyah beyaz olarak filme çekilen Roma, 1970'lerin başında, Mexico'daki Roma mahallesinde geçiyor ve kişisel, sosyal ve politik çekişmeler sırasında bir ailenin dengesini korumaya çalışmasını konu alıyor. Orta sınıf bir ailenin evinde hizmetçilik yapan Cleo'yu merkezine alan filmde, aile evde yaşanan değişikliklerle boğuşurken, sokaklarda ise Meksika hükümetin desteklediği milisler ve öğrenci göstericiler arasında büyük bir çatışma vardır. Film, Venedik Film Festivali'nde prömiyer yapmış ve En İyi Film dalında Altın Aslan ödülü kazanmıştır.
Cleo, Meksiko’nun orta sınıf ailelerinin yaşadığı bir Roma mahallesinde bulunan bir evde hizmetçi olarak çalışan genç bir kadındır. Bir yandan ev işleri ile uğraşan Cleo, bir yandan da evdeki dört çocukla ilgilenir. O tüm zamanını hizmetlisi olduğu evde geçirse de kendisine ait bambaşka bir dünyası vardır. Genç kadın, gönlünü Fermin adındaki bir adama kaptırmıştır. Fakat bu ilişki pek de Cleo’nun düşlediği gibi sonuçlanmaz. Bu sırada evin dört çocuk annesi olan hanımı Sofia, kocasının yokluğu ile başa çıkmaya çalışır. Birbirinden farklı hayatlara sahip olsalar da benzer travmalar yaşayan Cleo ve Sofia, siyasi kargaşanın hüküm sürdüğü bir ortamda birbirlerinin en büyük destekçisi olur.
Filmin yönetmenliğini ve senaristliğini "Büyük Umutlar", “Harry Potter ve Azkaban Tutsağı”, “Y Tu Mama Tambien”, “Son Umut” ve “Yerçekimi” gibi başarılı filmler ile karşımıza çıkan iki Oscar ödüllü Alfonso Cuaron üstleniyor.
ROMA FİLMİ OYUNCULARI KİMLER?
- Yalitza Aparicio rolü; Cleodegaria "Cleo" Gutiérrez, evdeki hizmetçilerden biri
- Marina de Tavira rolü; Sofia, ailenin büyükannesi
- Fernando Grediaga rolü; Antonio, Sofia'nın kocası
- Jorge Antonio Guerrero rolü; Fermín, Cleo'nun sevgilisi
- Marco Graf rolü; Pepe
- Daniela Demesa rolü; Sofi
- Diego Cortina Autrey rolü; Toño
- Carlos Peralta rolü; Paco
- Nancy García rolü; Adela, Cleo'nun arkadaşı ve evdeki hizmetçilerden biri
- Verónica García rolü; Teresa, Sofia'nın annesi
- José Manuel Guerrero Mendoza rolü; Ramón, Adela'nın sevgilisi
- Latin Lover rolü; Professor ZovekAt the beginning of this lesson, it's nice to have some sort of creative opener. You might spur student interest with something like the pain relief image here* which sparks students' wondering.
I like to act like I actually have a headache to open up a dialogue along these lines:
"Today, I have a headache. Should I take something for it? If I do, how long will it take for the medicine to kick in? If my headache comes back, how long do I have to wait until I can take another? Does it really matter if I follow the directions on the pill bottle? (YES!) But who comes up with those directions and how?"
All of my students can relate to this situation, but they never would have guessed that a rational function can be used to model it!
* 101questions is a website designed for the purpose of engaging students in problem solving!
Hand out Pharmacokinetics. (By the way, pharmacokinetics is a fancy word for what your body does to a drug, as opposed to pharmacodynamics, which is what a drug does to your body. In this case, we're looking at how the drug passes into and out of the bloodstream.)
Beginning individually or in groups of two or three, students will begin by considering the given function from a mathematical point of view (i.e. graph, asymptotes, etc.). Then they will begin to draw conclusions from the graph about the scenario, examining the maximum value, and solving the equation to find precise times for various concentrations. (MP 4, MP 2)
The emphasis today is not on creating the equation (that is found through clinical trials with the drug), but on using it to draw conclusions about dosage and effective time for the drug. Be sure to point out that while students are expected to find exact times algebraically in parts (c) and (e), they are not expected to solve part (d) algebraically. Students should make use of whatever tools are appropriate in order to estimate the actual maximum. This may include using graphing calculators, an online tool like GeoGebra, or simply evaluating the function at various t-values. (MP 5) In any case, the most important thing is that students are able to correctly interpret the highest point on the graph in context.
Projecting a graph of this function on the board for all to see, I will use the final ten minutes to discuss the solutions to the problem with the class. I'll call on individual students (or groups) to provide answers & explanations, and then ask the rest of the class whether they agree. For the most part, I don't expect many disagreements.
The most likely difficulties are with using the quadratic formula to solve for t in parts (c) and (d). I also expect some students to mistakenly give the earlier time as the answer to part (d) rather than the later time.
Most students will have found a good approximation for the maximum concentration, and this is a good time to discuss and compare various methods for finding this approximation (including ones that don't involve technology).
During this discussion, it's also a good idea to ask students if they can identify the limitations of this model.
A good extension question for the class is to ask what the graph would look like if another dose were taken at the earliest possible moment? Be sure that they see that the maximum concentration would be higher for the second dose than for the first.به گزارش اخباره پاریس ژرمن: قرارداد رودری، هافبک جنگنده و اسپانیایی باشگاه منچسترسیتی تا سال ۲۰۲۷ با این تیم تمدید شد. برای ادامه مطلب با اخبار پاری سن ژرمن همراه باشید.
رودری، هافبک اسپانیایی سیتیزن ها در سه سال اخیر یکی از بازیکنان بدون جانشین و مهم ترکیب پپ گواردیولا و در اغلب مسابقات در ترکیب ثابت این تیم قرار گرفته است. حالا این باشگاه اعلام کرد با رودری برای تمدید قرارداد به توافق رسیده و او تا سال 2027 در استادیوم اتحاد ماندگار خواهد شد.
رودری بعد از تمدید قرارداد گفت: ” پیوستن به سیتی در سال 2019، بهترین تصمیمی است که در دوران حرفه ای خود گرفته ام. رفتار هواداران با من شگفت انگیز بود، من کاملا از سوی باشگاه حمایت میشوم و سرمربی هر روز مرا به سمت جلو سوق می دهد. من همیشه با خودم فکر می کنم که تازه 26 ساله هستم و هنوز تا بازنشستگی فاصله زیادی دارم.
من به سطح بسیار خوبی رسیده ام و البته فکر می کنم در موارد زیادی همچنان می توانم در آنها پیشرفت کنم. این طرز تفکر من است و بازیکنی هستم که همیشه می خواهم بهتر و بهتر شوم. پپ گواردیولا خودش در گذشته هم پست من بوده و به همین دلیل همه چیز را در ذهنم درک می کند. ارتباط و احساس بین سرمربی و بازیکنان سیتی خوب است. من رابطه بسیار خوبی با گواردیولا دارم و هر دوی ما یکدیگر را درک می کنیم.
به یاد دارم که گواردیولا ابتدا برای طی روند پیشرفت از من حمایت کرد، اما او در یک سال و نیم گذشته مرا بیشتر به خودم واگذار کرده است. این اعتماد متقابل یکی از دلایلی است که باعث شده من به کارم در باشگاه منچسترسیتی ادامه دهم. من به عنوان یک بازیکن خیلی پیشرفت کردهام و میخواهم از پپ گواردیولا و همه کادر فنی سیتی برای کمکشان تشکر کنم.”II、技术要求：
一、试验项目：
1、液压油缸试运转；
2、液压油缸启动工作压力进行试验；
3.液压缸压力试验；
如图4所示，液压泄漏试验;
5、液压油缸终端可以缓冲性能试验；
液压缸6.有效行程试验..
另外：液压试验台特增加了水力模拟加载测试功能，由于各种因素限制了场地，不能完全模拟现实生活的运行状态，大小可在液压油路原理来提供阻尼阀，中科阻尼阀提供开口等于液压缸的重量增加或减少负载。液压缸将液压能转变为机械能的、做直线往复运动（或摆动运动）的液压执行元件。它结构简单、工作可靠。用它来实现往复运动时，可免去减速装置，并且没有传动间隙，运动平稳，因此在各种机械的液压系统中得到广泛应用。油缸厂家其加工质量的好坏直接影响整个产品的寿命和可靠性。缸筒加工要求高，其内表面粗糙度要求为Ra0.4～0.8μm，对同轴度、耐磨性要求严格。液压缸厂家输出力和活塞有效面积及其两边的压差成正比；液压缸基本上由缸筒和缸盖、活塞和活塞杆、密封装置、缓冲装置与排气装置组成。缓冲装置与排气装置视具体应用场合而定，其他装置则必不可少。
本试验研究项目管理符合我们国家通过试验设计标准GB/T15622-2005《液压油缸试验分析方法》中的六项测试技术规范，在液压油缸测试时，可根据产品发展自身教学质量要求和操作系统人员的现场经验，在确保试验正常的情况下，可有选择性的进行教育工作。
试验压力：液压缸根据液压缸直径和行程试车启动压力，
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code is guaranteed to avoid undefined behavior.
Type safety is a key element to reliability. We ensure that safe Rust code is free of "undefined behavior", which is the term that compiler authors use to refer to things like segfaults, data races, and out-of-bounds memory accesses.
Type safety is not a suggestion: we don't accept almost safe APIs, which are safe so long as you don't do "unreasonable" things. For example, we would not accept a safe API that avoids undefined behavior so long as no cycles exist between ref-counted objects. Reasonable people do "unreasonable" things in code all the time, either because they don't yet know what is reasonable or not, or because the complexity of the system gets away from them. The role of the compiler is to manage that for you.
However, type safety carries a cost, too. It adds complexity, which can work against Rust feeling [productive]. It also makes Rust more complex and hard to learn, which can work against feeling [supportive] -- we work hard on our error messages and documentation precisely to help mitigate this cost. Precisely because of these costs, we have imposed some limits on what Rust's type system tries to achieve:
- We employ runtime checks for certain kinds of error conditions. For example, we do not try to prove that indexes are within bounds, but instead check an expression like
vec[i]to ensure that
i < vec.len(). Proving conditions about the specific value of a variable (in this case,
ior the length of a vector) would be a "big step up" in complexity of the type system. Rust's choice not to do so decreases that feeling of reliability, but with massive benefits to [productivity].
- We permit unsafe code, which gives authors an escape hatch from the type system. This means that we can support many kinds of systems programming patterns while keeping the type system itself relatively simple. (For example, the system of ownership and borrowing cannot express doubly linked lists, but they can be implemented with unsafe code.)
- However, we do expect authors to encapsulate their unsafe code, presenting a safe interface to the world at large. This works against the feeling of [productivity] for unsafe code authors (it's more complex to think about how to encapsulate things) but with great benefits for reliability for the rest of the world.侦探中心
行业动态
官方ID：knowyourself2015
“爱全是脆弱性。
没有脆弱就不会有爱。”
当我们建立亲密关系时，我们选择向另一方开放我们最脆弱的一面，并赋予另一方伤害我们的权利。不幸的是，有时候，另一方滥用了这种权力，使您痛苦，其他任何人都无法做到。
今天，我们整理了有关出轨的研究和理论，并与您分享。
出轨有多常见？
美联社的一组数据令人惊讶：
超过50％的男女一生中至少有一次亲密关系出轨。
在41％的已婚伴侣中，他们中的一个或两个都承认具有身体或心理经验出轨。
22％的已婚男性至少在婚后有出轨一次，而14％的已婚女性在婚后至少有出轨。
同事是出轨的高频对象（已婚男女中14％与同事发生性关系）；商务旅行是出轨的好时机（35％的已婚男女承认有商务旅行外遇）。
如果它永远无法被发现，则74％的男性说他们肯定会出轨，而68％的女性说他们肯定会出轨。
婚外情的平均持续时间为2年。
当然，还有一个值得考虑的统计数据：婚外情被打孔后，婚姻的31％仍然存在。
资料来源：美联社，《婚姻与家庭疗法杂志》
研究日期：1.1.2014
为什么出轨？
一般而言，出轨的原因有很多：
1.负面情绪太多
在出轨派对上的调查中，许多人认为，由于各种原因与伴侣的情感脱节是他们出轨的主要原因。
未察觉的，孤独的和悲伤的情绪会导致愤怒和怨恨，进而导致心理和身体疾病。如果无法通过其他正确的方式（例如，交流）消除这种负面情绪，则会导致出轨。
2.性不满/性欲
现实生活中许多人的出轨源于对性生活的不满，即性生活中，一个或两个伴侣都没有获得足够的快感，性高潮或缺乏激情。
长期激情并不容易维持，因为随着彼此熟悉程度的提高，激情幻想，新颖性和觉醒这三个维度自然会减少。有人认为与陌生人发生性关系会感到自由和与现实的脱节。
此外，“害怕被发现”引起的紧张感会使您有错误的归属，错误地认为这是出轨本身带来的兴奋。
3.新的开放关系（开放关系）
新的价值观逐渐出现，一些夫妻形成了一些新颖的浪漫关系，以挑战现有的一夫一妻制。例如，开放式关系是指双方都保持亲密关系的关系，但也不禁止另一方与另一方发生性关系。
4.本能的出轨
人类有一些动物的本能。想要尽可能广泛地传播我们的DNA，想要被喜欢，想要成为一个可以吸引他人的人，偶尔被别人吸引是每个人不可避免的冲动。
但是，需要强调的是，不可避免地吸引我们，但是我们可以控制自己的行为。
出轨之后会发生什么？
通常来说，出轨会导致双方的认知失调。
简而言之，认知失调是指一个人在做与他们惯常观点不一致的事情时感到不自在，因此他们试图调整思想以减少不愉快的情绪。例如，TA从来没有以为自己是认识出轨的人，但是实际上，他会调整他对出轨的想法，例如发现环境中的某些因素以及其他一些因素来捍卫自己并让自己免疫内。
因此，出轨的政党通常倾向于轻描淡写自己的错误，例如，认为出轨并不是很严重的事情，或者认为出轨也有其他政党的问题。
被背叛者的反应并不一定。数据表明，出轨双方对出轨造成的伤害有完全不同的看法。几乎所有背叛的政党（93％）认为出轨会损害合伙关系出轨你能再回来爱吗？，从而导致对关系的不满以及持续的怀疑和怀疑。相反，只有一半的背叛者承认他们的行为是有害的。他们甚至认为偶尔的背叛对保持亲密关系很有帮助。
出轨之后，哪些因素会影响选择？
数据告诉我们，在所有发现的婚姻中都有婚外情的情况下，仍有婚姻的三分之一没有损坏。
研究表明，以下因素可能会影响出轨之后是否分离的决定。
1.社会交流的计算
我们一直在不知道社会交换的情况下进行计算。
简单来说，如果我们觉得自己还有其他亲密关系，那么我们可能会得到比这更好的好处。即使我们对现状感到满意，我们也有可能离开我们的合作伙伴并追求更大的利益。Kedi pireleri insanlarda yaşayabilir mi?
Kedi piresi (Ctenocephalides felis), köpek pirelerinden sonra en yaygın pire türlerinden biridir. ... Ancak kedilerin aksine bu pireler vücudumuzda yaşamak için kalmazlar yani bizi ısırırlar, kanımızla beslenmeye çalışırlar ve ayrılırlar, bizde yaşayıp üremezler
Köpek pireleri veya kedi pireleri insanlarda yaşayabilir mi? Pireler insanlarda yaşamazlar ama yine de bizi ısırabilirler. Dünyadaki en yaygın pire kedi pireleridir. ... Pireler, hayvanlar gibi önemli kılları olmadığı için insanlarda yaşamazlar ve kürk veya tüy koruması olmadan üremeleri çok zordur.There are more than 200 countries and territories around the world with various cultures and identities. Are you a global citizen or avid traveler who always dream of experiencing new destinations and nations every day? Check out the following 35 trivia flags of the world quiz questions and answers to see how much you know.
Flags Of The World Quiz Questions And Answers
1. What is the name of the national flag of the United Kingdom?
A. The United Jack
B. The Union Jack
C. The Independent Jack
2. Which of the following national flags incorporates the Union Jack?
B. Papua New Guinea
C. New Zealand
3. This is the national flag of which country in the Pacific Ocean?
B. New Zealand
4. This is the national flag of which Asian country?
5. If we turn the national flag of Poland upside down, which country’s flag would we get?
6. What do the 13 stripes represent on the national flag of the United States?
A. 13 original tribes
B. 13 original colonies
C. 13 founding fathers
7. Which plant is depicted on the national flag of Lebanon?
A. Maple tree
B. Cedar tree
C. Oak tree
8. Unlike other national flags that are in the rectangle shape, the flag of Nepal features which two shapes stacked on top of each other?
9. This is which country’s national flag with a horizontal triband and the sun in the middle?
10. There are only two countries in the world with a squared national flag: Vatican City and …
11. This is the national flag of which African country?
A. Ivory Coast
C. South Africa
12. Which country has the oldest continuously used national flag in the world?
13. What is the most common colour on the national flags of countries around the world?
14. What is the least common colour on the national flags of countries around the world?
15. This is the national flag of which -stan country?
16. This is the national flag of which British Overseas Territory?
C. British Virgin Islands
17. Which of the following countries has made changes to its national flags the most times?
18. This is the national flag of which country?
19. What is the common feature on the national flags of all Nordic countries, including Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Iceland?
A. They are all tricolour flags
B. They all feature a cross symbol
C. They all feature a red star symbol
20. Which of the following items is featured on the national flag of Saudi Arabia?
A. A flower
B. A book
C. A weapon
21. This is the national flag of which country in the world?
B. South Korea
22. Which legendary animal is featured on the national flag of Wales?
A. A unicorn
B. A dragon
C. A phoenix
23. How many stars are there in total on the national flag of China?
24. This is the national flag of which country?
A. North Macedonia
25. This is the national flag of which Asian country?
26. Which of the following countries has the map of the whole nation on its national flag?
27. Which word refers to the study of the history, usage, and symbolism of flags?
28. The national flag of which country is the only one with people on it?
29. Which three colours are featured on the national flags of France and Russia?
A. Black, red, yellow
B. Blue, white, red
C. Green, white, blue
30. This is the national flag of which nation island?
C. Dominican Republic
31. The national flag of Ivory Coast is usually confused with that of which other countries as both feature orange, white, and green vertical stripes?
32. This is the national flag of which European country?
33. What is the meaning of the white script on the inner edges of each red and green band on the national flag of Iran?
A. Allah saves Iran
B. Allah is the greatest
C. There is only one god
34. The national flags of many Muslim countries typically feature which symbol?
B. Crescent and star
C. Arabic script
35. The last one in this flags of the world quiz: This is the national flag of which African country?
What do you think about these flags of the world quiz questions and answers? We hope you learn some interesting facts about this important symbol of countries around the world. For more challenges on the same topic, check out the following countries of the world quiz.Following the Well-Educated Mind, these are my notes for
Pride and Prejudice * Jane Austen
Three Stages of Inquiry Questions
First level of inquiry:
These are the summaries posted to and running on my blog.
What is the book’s most important event? When does the character change?
Elizabeth changes after she refuses Mr. Darcy’s proposal and then receives a thorough letter from him explaining and defending himself on and from all accusations made by her regarding Jane and Bingley and Mr. Wickham. The reader can see the developing but definite progress Elizabeth makes from first realizing that she did not have all of the facts on Mr. Wickham to finally being able to see events from someone else’s perspective, such as she did with Mr. Darcy and how he saw Jane’s indifference towards Mr. Bingley and that he was concerned only for his friend’s heart.
Second level of inquiry:
What is the author trying to convince you of? What evidence does she give you for believing this argument?
I believe the author is trying to warn us of our prejudices towards others before we have all of the information to make a judgment or form an opinion especially of others. Often, it is our own pride that blinds us from being able to see truth.
Evidence of this is in Elizabeth and her mother and many of the other characters in town that automatically prejudge Mr. Darcy as prideful because of his reserved behavior at the ball in addition to his wealthy status. It isn’t until Elizabeth gets to know him on a more intimate level that reveals his shyness or embarrassment around people he does not know well.
And yet, when Mr. Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, it is pride he displays when he assumes that Elizabeth should accept him simply because of his wealth and status.
What does central character want? What is standing in his or her way? What strategy does she pursue in order to overcome this block?
Elizabeth is so full of pride that she is blind as a bat! She trusts no one, and I suppose to remedy that, she wants to protect herself from ever being duped or wronged or hurt. So she prejudges everyone, if they are the least unfavorable towards her, and she puts up a barrier around herself. She wants to always be right and leaves no room for changes, unlike her sister Jane.
The problem is, because of her blindness, she cannot readily see the truth, and she misses opportunities to know someone for who they really are, even Wickham. She can appear really conceited and spiteful in her words and her actions, as she did toward Darcy even while he was polite to her.
I don’t think she meant to use any strategy to overcome her barrier, but it happened unexpectedly for her when she was forced to see the truth in Darcy’s letter that she had been prejudice towards him because of what she had wrongly believed to be right.
What style does the writer employ? The author uses a very complex and thorough style. It is almost as doing logic problems or reading Latin. I found myself thinking about every sentence and having to decipher its meaning.
Images and metaphors? I actually had to research this: Marriage and dancing continues to come up. Being asked to dance seems to be the equivalent to being proposed to or actually signing a marriage contract. Remember how personal the women took Mr. Darcy’s rejection to dance at the first ball? How offensive! But when Mr. Darcy did ask Elizabeth to dance at the second ball, she was beside herself that she said yes to him. And she was also incensed that she had to agree to dance with Mr. Collins at that same ball. (It’s not the end of the world…it’s just a dance.)
Beginning and ending? Is it resolution (no further event can take place), or is it logical exhaustion (infinite repetition)? Do you agree?
The author takes you immediately into the urgent idea of the story, marrying well, with the arrival of a wealthy prospect to the neighborhood and the civil formalities of the time to wait on the gentlemen and make an acquaintance with the hope of making his daughters available to him.
And the author ends the story in resolution settling every character around the marriages of Mr. Bingley and Jane and Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth. Each character is getting on with his life, and most of them are doing so in a happy fashion. It is a Happily Ever After story. No more changes need to take place.
Third Level of Inquiry:
Is this story an accurate portrayal of life? Is it true? (What are people like? What shapes them? Are we free, or are we restricted by something?)
Yes, yes! I completely agree. How easily we are caught up in our prejudices because of our own pride, especially concerning social status.
It takes place at all levels of the socioeconomic ladder. Class warfare is very real, and it is fueled by our greedy desires of “self.” Lower classes desire to take from the rich to redistribute elsewhere, even if that distribution never makes a difference in their own lives, because they have predetermined idea that the rich are well-off enough; and, yet, even those who are able to be charitable, live worlds apart from the very people they help because there is a wall of status that separates them from having to connect personally.
In a way, we all have the potential to be rather snobby because of our self-pride to feel better about ourselves by making someone less than what he is. We can be restricted by our greed, self-regard, and self-importance before we truly get to know why someone behaves the way they do.
When I was in college, my architecture professor taught us to always find out why someone does what they do in order to learn more about someone. Get to the very core of their behavior.
In this case, Elizabeth had to get to know Mr. Darcy to understand that her first impression of him appearing arrogant was prevented by her lack of knowledge that he is quite uncomfortable or introverted around people he is not familiar with.
Is there an argument in this book? What is the idea? Do you agree? Is the book true?
Absolutely! First, we need to remove pride from our heart - that desire to protect ourselves from being offended causing us to invent prejudices - and “leave room for change,” as the author describes Jane Bennet’s disposition on people. We don’t know all the facts about someone; maybe we should get to know someone better before we agree with gossip or take our first impression to heart.۱۳۹۷/۱۰/۲۲
۲۲:۴۵
کد خبر: 21505364
گازگرفتگی در یک منزل مسکونی در شهرک مسعودیه/ آتشنشانها جان 5 نفر را از مرگ نجات دادند
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s article titled, “Love as Destruction in Woolf’s To the Lighthouse,” he writes that “love is both beneficial and destructive” (65) in Woolf’s novel, because as Lacan mentions in his theory, “The need for independence is as strong as the interdependence of the self and other in a loving relationship” (65). James seems completely dependent on Mrs. Ramsay for everything, including his definition of love. He views his father as both stranger and intruder within their relationship, because he thinks Mr. Ramsay is out to make James independent from his mother.
Then, Mrs. Ramsay dies and the family doesn’t come back to the house for ten years. When they do return, Cam, James, and Mr. Ramsay take a boat ride to see the lighthouse. James is a young man at this point and still seems agitated with his father, but the reader gets a sense that this trip to the lighthouse might mend something between father and son. When they do see the lighthouse, James is also seeing his mother. Whether this is a sexual experience or not is difficult to pinpoint, because now that Mrs. Ramsay is deceased, James’ sexual desires towards his mother may have disappeared. Now, when he looks at the lighthouse, he is simply seeing his mother for what she is: majestic and permanent. Additionally, he has a realization about his father, in that “It was not him, that old man reading, whom he wanted to kill, but it was the thing that descended on him” (Woolf 184). He sympathizes with his father in this quote, which could appropriately signal James’ timely exit out of desire of the mother.
Unlike Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse, Virginia Woolf’s Orlando lacks mothers. Orlando’s actual mother is barely mentioned, so on the surface, desire of the mother isn’t a factor within the text. However, one of the most well-known motherly figures in history appears in a sexual relationship with Orlando, which often gets overlooked because it happens so early in the book. Queen Elizabeth I is the queen of England when the book starts, and she immediately takes an interest in Orlando from the moment they meet. He becomes her steward shortly after and begins to engage in a seemingly sexual relationship with the Queen of England, a figure widely seen as the “mother” of England, with nicknames like “The Virgin Queen.” She had no children of her own, so she arguably viewed the country as her child, and she took care of it well. In the novel, when she becomes infatuated with Orlando, her mother status becomes heightened, because she is leagues older than him, yet she desires him. While Elizabeth I is not Orlando’s actual mother, desire of the mother still comes into play in their relationship, because their bond is so sexualized, but also maternal. Woolf says in the text about their relationship, “He rose, half suffocated from the embrace. ‘This,’ she breathed, ‘is my victory!’ – even as a rocket roared up and dyed her cheeks scarlet” (20). While the text is purposely ambiguous, Orlando and Elizabeth I could very well be engaging in intercourse, and the “rocket” roaring up is the Queen’s orgasm, which demonstrates how happy Orlando makes the Queen in her old age. Orlando clearly desires the Queen on some level, whether his motivation be love or reputation, but desire of the mother is somewhat reversed into desire of the child in this case, because the Queen blatantly becomes angry when Orlando kisses or flirts with other girls.
Jaime Hovey analyzes gender as a performance in Orlando, and explicates Judith Butler extensively on the subject in his article titled “‘Kissing a Negress in the Dark’: Englishness as a Masquerade in Woolf’s Orlando,” since performance and gender are very much in her wheelhouse. She explains, “The notion of gender as performative has been read as an element of the law that, according to Judith Butler’s Lacanian observations, ‘takes sexual difference as a presupposition of its own intelligibility’” (397). Gender and performance are arguably extremely crucial to look at in Orlando and especially in relation to Queen Elizabeth I, because she was known for her theater of majesty. She not only influenced the theater during her reign, but she also made herself larger than life by portraitures and how she styled herself. This tied directly to her gender, because the reason she had to influence the country with these indirect routes was because she was a woman ruling England. In the novel, Elizabeth is considerably older than she was in the peak of her reign, which might affect the reason behind her relationship with Orlando. She has been performing her whole life through her gender, and now that she is older and is expected to die any day, she wants to let her guard down and become sexually aware of her status as a mother figure. With Orlando, she feels both desired and maternal, which influences the duality of not only her character, but also Orlando as a novel.
Zadie Smith’s novels are startlingly like Orlando in that neither of them incorporates actual mother and son relations. In fact, James and Mrs. Ramsay’s relationship in To the Lighthouse is the only novel I’ll be analyzing that actually involves mother and son. Like Orlando and Queen Elizabeth, I will now be focusing on relationships that simply model the desire of the mother dynamic, because the fact that these characters are seeking potentially sexual relationships from mother figures, rather than their actual mothers, is fascinating to the topic of identity. I’m sure actual mother/son relationships can be explored within Smith’s novels, such as Alsana and Millat or Joyce and Josh Chalfen in White Teeth, but neither of these relationships or any other actual familial relationships seem inappropriate to the point of desire of the mother.
Race and gender have come up in my discussion of Lacan and identity, but religion rarely does, because Woolf almost never focuses on the topic, but Smith emphasizes religion in both NW and White Teeth. Specifically, in White Teeth, Hinduism and Jehovah’s Witnesses are represented through the Iqbals and the Bowdens. One could write a whole other discussion of reflection within Hinduism, but because desire of the mother is being looked at here, the potentially inappropriate relationship between Hortense Bowden and Ryan Topps has to be acknowledged. Their dynamic is certainly strange and could be considered as a mother/son relationship. During her adolescence, Clara Bowden has an innocent crush on Ryan Topps. She wants to save him from materialism and the wrath of hell (this is undoubtedly coming from her religious background), but also wants him to like her. Imagine Clara’s surprise when she comes home from school one day and sees that her mother, Hortense, has started to spiritually seduce Ryan with her cooking. The change within Ryan occurs at a seemingly rapid speed, at least to Clara, and finally comes to fruition when Smith writes, “On the occasion she spotted Ryan at the kitchen table, surrounded by leaflets—and Hortense hurriedly gathering them up and shoving them into her apron pocket—Clara willed herself to forget it” (34). This is behavior an adulterous couple would exemplify if they got caught in the act, so it doesn’t come as a surprise that Clara is suspicious of perhaps a deeper bond between her mother and Ryan than just him enjoying her food. Hortense is obviously not getting much sexual or physical satisfaction from her husband (he seems to get satisfaction from the television), so when she encounters Ryan Topps, perhaps she experiences the longing for what Clara feels towards Ryan. I don’t want to jump to Lacanian conclusions and assume that Hortense and Ryan are engaging in a sexual relationship when he is still Clara’s age, but there is certainly a spiritual and food-related relationship, which can be just as powerful as a sexual encounter. Hortense manages to convert Ryan to her religion, and he accepts it without a fight (this submission is probably intertwined with the food). With this conversion of Ryan, Hortense feels some sexual satisfaction because she is controlling a male through spirituality and religion.
When Irie visits her grandmother much later in the novel, we learn that Ryan and Hortense’s relationship never ceased. If anything, it accelerated and can now be considered sexual. When Irie goes to live with Hortense and it is revealed that she and Ryan are living together, Smith writes, “Hortense seemed incredibly nervous about the immediate likelihood that he should raise his head and spot the girl standing by the stove” (321). This passage proves that perhaps, Hortense doesn’t want Ryan to notice Irie because she’s afraid he will fall in love with her because she looks like Clara. Her sexual dominance wavers with Irie’s presence, and she’s not sure their religious relationship is strong enough to bear the return of Clara’s daughter. Hortense’s jealousy clearly indicates something on a larger scale than just a religious conversion and good food; Ryan sees Hortense as a mother figure and a religious guide. Therefore, desire of the mother is present within White Teeth and especially in the spiritual connection between Hortense Bowden and Ryan Topps.
Like White Teeth, Smith’s NW doesn’t have many unusual desire of the mother pairings, but there are certainly indications of a younger man having child-like sensations towards their older and maternal sexual partners. Specifically, Felix and Annie fit this category, because of the age gap between them and because their relationship seems almost forbidden and taboo, as the actual mother/son relationship is usually seen as. The purpose of Felix’s visit to Annie is unclear and difficult to analyze, because it’s obvious the minute they talk to each other that there is or was a sexual attraction between them. However, we know that Felix is with Grace, so Annie is automatically thrown into this “other woman” category. When Smith describes Annie as an older woman (assumingly much older than Felix), Annie remains the other woman, but also takes on a maternal role. “Even in the few months since he’d last been here the lines under her eyes seemed to have lengthened and deepened,” Smith writes about Annie’s appearance, “fanning out beyond the shades” (162). This connection of age becomes even more prominent, considering Felix’s lack of an actual mother. He visits his father, Lloyd, at the beginning of his section, and Lloyd mentions Felix’s mother often, such as lines like, “Your mudder was a black hole” (Smith 126). Lloyd never talks about the mother in a positive light, and Felix hardly acknowledges her existence at all, so we can reasonably conclude that the actual mother is either out of the picture or deceased. It seems that Felix uses Annie as a sort of replacement for the loss of his own mother, and the sexual relationship rapidly expanded from there. He “desired” his mother, not necessarily sexually, but certainly in terms of affection and attention. When this desire is rejected, he finds it in sexual gratification with Annie.
When Felix and Annie have sex on the roof, Felix feels shame and guilt for his actions, while it seems like Annie is just looking for something to do. Their rendezvous is incredibly secretive, shown when Smith writes, “He got her by the shoulder, not gently, and together they scrabbled to the edge of the wall, where they told themselves they couldn’t be seen” (182). Both of them don’t want to be caught in the act, and neither of them particularly enjoy it, so why does Felix cheat on his girlfriend? It appears that this act of sexual desire and satisfaction is natural to Felix, and he needs Annie to reassure himself that he is loved, because she is now his mother figure. This goes back to Lacan’s definition of reflection, because Felix’s concept of desire is intertwined with Annie, even though he originally came there to break things off with her. It’s impossible for him, because Felix and Annie’s desire for each other is reflected when they interact and thus perpetuates their mother/son relationship.
Lacan’s theory of psychoanalysis is both narrow and considerably bewildering, but his unmatched theories on reflection, characterized in the mirror stage and desire of the mother, shows that identity is unstable. Additionally, both the mirror stage and desire of the mother characterizes these literary figures as children, because some reflections are premature and underdeveloped. This is significant, because many of the characters within these dynamics are adults; from a typical psychological standpoint, they wouldn’t fit into the Lacanian paradigm. However, I argue that it is possible to see Peter Walsh as an adult and Peter Walsh as the child, because both have ancient emotion for Clarissa Dalloway. Conversely, I also acknowledge that James Ramsey is a child, but he has very advanced, seemingly adult hate for his father. Deliberately connecting Lacan and two influential British authors from vastly different time periods reveals that identity is fluid and malleable no matter what century it is. Lacan was developing his theories primarily in the mid-1900s, almost right in the middle between Virginia Woolf and Zadie Smith. The timeline is significant, because Virginia Woolf didn’t know of his existence, yet incorporated an abundance of mirrors in her novels. Zadie Smith could very well be aware of Lacan’s influence, but doesn’t blatantly show mother/son relationships or mirrors in her texts. The fact that his theories are obvious in some of the novels and subtly interpreted in others indicates that these authors made their writing purposefully flexible, because the identities of the characters are as unstable as the interpretations. Race, gender, and even religion all play a large part in these novels, but reflection seems to be the factor that holds everything together, because the characters, and therefore readers, interpret various meanings from how the characters see their reflections. Looking at these literal reflections in the mirror stage and how mother and son see each other through their intimate bond demonstrates the unwavering imbalance between identity and the “self,” thus demonstrating once again Lacan’s contribution to literary criticism and interpretation.
Brivic, Sheldon. “Love As Destruction in Woolf’s To the Lighthouse.” Mosaic: A Journal For The Interdisciplinary Study Of Literature 27.3 (1994): 65-85. MLA International Bibliography. Web. 12 Mar. 2015.
Casey, Edward S., and J. Melvin Woody. “Hegel, Heidegger, Lacan: The Dialectic of Desire.” Interpreting Lacan. Ed. Joseph H. Smith and William Kerrigan. New Haven: Yale UP, 1983. 75-112. Print.
Hovey, Jaime. “‘Kissing a Negress in the Dark’: Englishness as a Masquerade in Woolf’s Orlando.” PMLA 112.3 (1997): 393-404. JSTOR. Web. 20 Apr. 2015.
Jones, Ellen Carol. “The Flight of a Word: Narcissism and the Masquerade of Writing in Virginia Woolf’s Orlando.” Women’s Studies 23.2 (1994): 155-174. Academic Search Complete. Web. 12 Mar. 2015.
Lacan, Jacques. “Desire and the Interpretation of Desire in Hamlet.” Trans. James Hulbert. Ed. Jacques–Alain Miller. Yale French Studies 55/56 (1977): 11-52. JSTOR. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.
–. “The Mirror Stage as Formative of the Function of the I as Revealed in Psychoanalytic Experience.” The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. Ed. Vincent B. Leitch et al. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2001. 1285-90. Print.
Nichols, Sara. “Review: Biting off More than You Can Chew: Review of Zadie Smith’s White Teeth.” New Labor Forum 9 (Fall/Winter 2001): 62-66. JSTOR. Web. 3 Apr. 2015.
Smith, Zadie. NW. New York: Penguin, 2012. Print.
—. White Teeth. New York: Vintage Books, 2001. Print.
Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1990. Print.
—. Orlando (Annotated): A Biography. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2006. Print.
—. To the Lighthouse. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1989. Print.
Ziarek, Ewa Plonowska. “Desiring Whiteness: A Lacanian Analysis of Race.” Journal for the Psychoanalysis of Culture and Society 8.2 (2003): 347-349. Project Muse. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.basico.
Io smoke l'ho imparata a 8 anni e a 12 anni ho suonato la versione integrale di giochi proibiti al saggio con le signore e le nonne che si strappano le vesti. poi traumatizzato dal successo, ho smesso
adesso suonicchio ogni tanto o la classica o l'acustica, ho suonato un po' anche l'elettrica ma mi ha sempre fatto un po' cagare.
Volevo iniziare il piano, avevo anche aperto un thread, alla fine ho ripreso la chitarra come ho gia' detto ma è arrivato il covid e ho riperso l'entusiasmo.Mi piacerebbe suonare il piano, ma devo imparare quella maledetta chiave di basso(Phys.org) —A small team of researchers from China, Brazil and Switzerland has found that midair collisions that occur between grains of sand during a sandstorm lead to an increase in storm strength rather than a decrease as would be expected. In their paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters, the team describe how they developed a 3D computer simulation that was able to show how grains of sand behave in a storm and what they observed as a result.
Prior simulations had shown that the way sand storms get going is via a process whereby grains of sand that are lifted into the air by wind eventually slam back into other grains of sand on the ground, causing some of them to splash up into the air. In this new effort, the researchers have found that the process of sandstone creation and its existence thereafter is much more complicated than that.
To describe the different actions occurring with individual grains of sand during the creation of a sandstorm and how it behaves thereafter, researchers have given them names. Saltons are airborne sand particles that smash into other particles on the ground. Creepers are those that once kicked up by a collision, fall back to the ground almost right away, while leapers are those that shoot higher up into the air when impacted. Previously, it had been thought that leapers simply fell back to the ground as well, though because of their increased altitude, it would take longer—the new simulations show that's not how it works at all. What really happens, they say, is that many of the saltons wind up colliding with leapers as they descend, causing some of them to bounce back up higher into the air, high enough to become more energetic saltons. Those saltons then gain additional speed because of the wind that is pushing them forward, which explains why they create such a splash when they do eventually make it back down to the ground.
The team found that the collisions that occur in the air tend to cause the power of the storm to increase. In their simulation they found that turning off such collisions reduced the strength of a storm by a third.
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henaten’s accession to about 1353 BC. Nevertheless, it is possible that some other eclipse may have been visible in Egypt sometime during his lifetime and instigated his religious revolution,” explains McMurray. In fact, several inscribed dates of ceremonies from the reigns of Amenhotep III through to Tutankhamun can be “matched to the occurrence of a full moon or a new moon on the same day, or the day after”.
Shortly after he was crowned King, Akhenaten proclaimed the Aten as the supreme god; closed the doors of the Karnak Temple, banished priests of the Amun cult and moved the royal court to Akhetaten. The darkest period the state god was to endure, had only just begun. Credit: Margaret Patterson.
The famous Pawah graffito (TT139) written in Hieratic and dated to Regnal Year 3 of Neferneferuaten was penned by a “lay-priest and scribe of god’s offerings of Amun in the temple of Ankhkheperure in Thebes.” Alan Gardiner translated a vital line in the inscription to read: 'Thou causest me to behold darkness by day.' This could mean that having witnessed a total solar eclipse first-hand at Akhetaten, Pawah, an adherent of Amun, had these words recorded on his behalf by his brother in distant Thebes, to avoid detection by agents of Akhenaten which explains the five month gap in its appearance after the eclipse. Based on the co-regency theory, David Smith opines: "It seems likely that the first year of her (Nefertiti's) reign could also have corresponded with Year 13 of Akhenaten’s. If so, the dating of Grafitto Pawah, III Akhet 10 of the 3rd year of her reign would be October 1, 1338 BC. Such a graffito would be most likely to have been written in response to and possibly shortly after an eclipse."
A painted wall relief shows Akhenaten, Nefertiti and two of their daughters, Meritaten and Meketaten making offerings to the Aten. Some scholars view this unusual representation of the solar disc as proof of a total eclipse. South Wall, East Side of the Tomb of Meryre I (TA4), Tell el-Amarna. Credit: Olaf Tausch ( CC by SA 3.0 )
Darkened Orb, Darker Fate
William McMurray provides another confounding example, "In the tomb of Meryre I, ‘The Greatest of Seers of the Aten’ (high-priest), in the northern cliffs of Akhet-Aten, there is a unique depiction of the sun-disk, which I believe is intended to portray a total eclipse. Between the Aten disk and its rays there are several groups of multicolored arcs, somewhat like the broad collars worn by royalty and courtiers, but with none of the typical internal details." But there is no conclusive hieroglyphic inscription to prove this. N. de G. Davies described the strange representation of the sun in this sepulcher thus: "The hues and forms of the clouds are in fact the same as those employed in the hieroglyph to represent the rising sun, but in reverse position." This is precisely the manner in which rays emanating from the sun appear before and after totality. “Others have thought that this scene shows a rainbow, although upside down and below the disk instead of opposite the sun,” notes McMurray.
Barely four years after he died, the sun set on Akhetaten, the city which Pharaoh Akhenaten had founded in the belief that he and his offspring would enjoy “millions of jubilees” there. Credit: Chris Naunton
One of the many current calculations hypothesizes that on May 14, 1338 BC a total solar eclipse lasting around six minutes did indeed occur over Akhetaten; and was partially visible over Thebes too, where it lasted under one minute. For a city built to glorify the radiant solar disc; whose prophet and his family bathed daily in the sun’s life-giving rays, the make-believe world began to come apart. The vastly illiterate populace would surely have been in the grip of massive fear when they were plunged into darkness for what would have seemed an eternity. The ruler whose actions were considered an affront to the observance of Ma’at would have been blamed; they might have believed that even the Aten had no faith left in their strange sovereign. These laments would have been made in hushed tones – first for the Plague a year earlier, and then the inexplicable blotting out of the sun. These twin natural occurrences may have well signaled the beginning of the end for Pharaoh Akhenaten and the Amarna Period.
Top image: Main: Temple of Aton in Amarna ( CC by SA 3.0 ). Inset eclipse (public domain)
By Anand Balaji
Independent researcher and playwright Anand Balaji is an Ancient Origins guest writer and author of Sands of Amarna: End of Akhenaten .
David G. Smith, Total solar eclipses in Ancient Egypt – a new interpretation of some New Kingdom texts , March 2007
Jane B. Sellers, The Death of Gods in Ancient Egypt , 1992
Donald B. Redford and Ray Winfield Smith, The Akhenaten Temple Project, Vol.1: Initial Discoveries , 1976
Davies, N. de G. , The rock tombs of El-Amarna, Parts III and IV, 1905 (Reprinted 2004) , The Egypt Exploration Society
Arielle P. Kozloff and Betsy M. Bryan, Egypt's Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and his World: The Cleveland Museum of Art , 1992
William McMurray, Dating the Amarna Period in Egypt: Did a Solar Eclipse Inspire Akhenaten ?
Nicholas Reeves, Akhenaten: Egypt's False Prophet , 2001
Cyril Aldred, Akhenaten: Pharaoh of Egypt , 1968
CAMERA DEI DEPUTATI
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1. La titolarità dei diritti (articolo 1).
L'articolo affronta il tema della titolarità dei diritti connessi all'evento sportivo, attribuendoli ai soggetti (società sportive) responsabili dell'organizzazione dell'evento e che economicamente supportano il rischio imprenditoriale dell'attività sportiva svolta.
Al riguardo è significativo il riferimento a precedenti giurisprudenziali ed amministrativi che sono univoci nel loro dettato.
Ad esempio nel provvedimento dell'Autorità per le garanzie nelle comunicazioni (AGCOM) n. 70340 del 1999, al paragrafo 139 (Bollettino n. 26 del 1999), si legge: «La giurisprudenza di legittimità e di merito italiana appare univoca [...] nell'individuare nella società organizzatrice il soggetto titolare del diritto di sfruttamento economico dell'evento sportivo. Non appare infatti possibile attribuire la titolarità dei diritti economici connessi alle manifestazioni sportive a soggetti diversi dalla società che giuridicamente ha la disponibilità del luogo chiuso ove viene svolta la partita e che economicamente sopporta il rischio imprenditoriale dell'attività sportiva dalla stessa intrapresa, ovvero l'organizzatore dell'evento. Tale soggetto, nell'ambito del settore del calcio, viene tradizionalmente identificato con la squadra ospitante».
Questi princìpi corrispondono ad una consolidata prassi contrattuale, tenendo conto che sino al 1999 i diritti televisivi sono stati negoziati dalla Lega nazionale professionisti quale mandataria delle singole società sportive titolari dei suddetti diritti (paragrafo 145 del succitato provvedimento AGCOM).
In effetti, i diritti televisivi sono stati commercializzati dalla Lega nazionale professionisti dagli anni '50 e fino al 1999, quale mandataria delle singole società sportive, come, in esito ad approfondita indagine, ha accertato l'AGCOM (si veda al riguardo il medesimo paragrafo 145 del citato provvedimento).
2. Ambito di applicazione della proposta di legge.
La proposta di legge attiene alla commercializzazione dei diritti sul piano sia nazionale sia internazionale. Riguarda peraltro la commercializzazione dei diritti dei soli campionati di Serie A e di Serie B e della Coppa Italia.
3. La licenza in forma centralizzata. Il ruolo della Lega (articoli 2-4).
La proposta conferisce all'attuale Lega nazionale professionisti il diritto di commercializzare, separatamente per ciascuno dei campionati di Serie A e di Serie B e unitariamente per la Coppa Italia (articolo 9), i diritti specificati agli articoli 1 e 2. La soluzione della licenza in forma centralizzata, e dei conseguenti criteri di distribuzione dei ricavi tra le squadre mandanti, consente di contemperare il regime giuridico sopra delineato, relativo alla titolarità dei diritti in capo a ciascun club, con l'esigenza di attribuire adeguata rilevanza economica anche al «prodotto torneo», vale a dire al ruolo di tutti i soggetti nell'insieme della competizione sportiva. Tale forma di licenza potrebbe in effetti
4. I criteri di distribuzione. La rilevanza europea (articolo 5).
È rimessa alle Leghe professionistiche la determinazione dei criteri di ripartizione tra le singole società sportive in esito alla commercializzazione dei diritti: si tratta di pratica comune a tutti i Paesi europei nei quali ha luogo il conferimento delle licenze in forma centralizzata. Non esiste in effetti, in Europa, alcun caso nel quale i criteri siano determinati con legge dello Stato. Ed è cosa che non deve sorprendere, trattandosi di denaro privato, frutto di negoziazioni tra privati, quali sono le Leghe e le Società sportive che ne fanno parte.
Le Leghe dovranno deliberare sulla scorta di criteri razionali, attenti ai dati del mercato e ispirati a criteri di equità.
Si dovrà tenere conto del rispetto del principio di mutualità, che possa garantire un maggior equilibrio competitivo tra le società partecipanti ai campionati.
I paramentri-base dovranno essere determinati attraverso l'identificazione del bacino di utenza e dei risultati sportivi delle singole squadre.
Il concetto di bacino di utenza deve essere determinato sia tenendo conto del valore per così dire storico attribuito dai broadcasters alle singole società sportive.
I risultati sportivi dovranno essere determinati con riguardo ad un ampio periodo di tempo e tradotti in «coefficienti», che terranno conto sia dei titoli conseguiti, sia dei piazzamenti delle singole società sportive nei campionati.
Dovrà inoltre tenersi in considerazione la rappresentatività delle squadre italiane in sede europea e, dunque, la necessità per queste ultime di reggere la concorrenza di club di Paesi enormemente favoriti rispetto ai club italiani da legislazioni fiscali di gran lunga più leggere, che da qualche tempo consentono loro di trovarsi in prima fila nel tesseramento dei calciatori migliori. Si tratta, in altre parole, di mantenere vivo l'equilibrio competitivo nell'ambito delle Coppe europee.
Sono previste anche misure dirette all'incentivazione dei vivai delle squadre partecipanti ai campionati, mediante la destinazione di una ragionevole quota dei proventi derivanti dalla licenza dei diritti alla Federazione italiana giuoco calcio, che provvederà all'assegnazione delle somme secondo criteri equitativi.
5. Decorrenza della nuova disciplina (articolo 7).
Si è inteso, con l'articolo 7, salvaguardare le scelte negoziali liberamente fatte dalle singole società sportive in un quadro di perfetta legalità, nonché dare al sistema il tempo necessario per adeguarsi alle nuove regole.
1. Ciascuna società di calcio in ambito professionistico, di seguito denominata «società sportiva», ha il diritto esclusivo di sfruttare in qualsiasi forma l'evento sportivo che essa organizza e di cui assume la responsabilità. Il diritto esclusivo di cui al presente articolo riguarda tra l'altro i diritti conseguenti alla vendita dei titoli di accesso agli impianti, quelli di carattere pubblicitario, le sponsorizzazioni e le riprese nonché le trasmissioni, in qualsiasi forma e attraverso qualsiasi strumento che ne consenta la ricezione audiovisiva, delle gare definite come casalinghe dai regolamenti sportivi.
1. La presente legge è finalizzata a definire le modalità di commercializzazione dei diritti di trasmissione, in qualsiasi forma e attraverso qualsiasi strumento che ne consenta la ricezione audiovisiva, di tutte le gare disputate nell'ambito dei campionati di Serie A e di Serie B, comunque denominati, in diretta e nella forma di highlights, intesi questi ultimi quali le parti salienti di ciascuna gara, di durata unitaria non superiore a quattro minuti primi.
1. La commercializzazione dei diritti di cui all'articolo 2 ha luogo in forma centralizzata mediante procedure, separatamente organizzate per ciascuno dei campionati di Serie A e di Serie B, caratterizzate da trasparenza e finalizzate a garantire la libera concorrenza tra gli operatori della comunicazione e a tutelare gli utenti.
1. Le procedure di commercializzazione di cui all'articolo 3 sono poste in essere dall'associazione o dalle associazioni, di seguito denominate «leghe professionistiche», di cui fanno parte, in qualità di associate di diritto privato, le società sportive. I contratti stipulati all'esito di tali procedure hanno durata non superiore a tre stagioni sportive.
1. I criteri di ripartizione delle somme risultanti dalle attività di commercializzazione di cui agli articoli 3 e 4 sono determinati e deliberati, nelle forme previste dalle norme regolamentari interne, dalle leghe professionistiche, separatamente per i campionati di Serie A e di Serie B, tenuto conto che:
a) una quota deve essere ripartita tra le singole società sportive in relazione al rispettivo bacino di utenza. Il bacino di utenza deve essere determinato tenuto conto, del valore di mercato, coincidente con quello attributo alle singole società sportive dalle imprese televisive;
b) una quota deve essere ripartita tra le singole società sportive in relazione ai loro risultati sportivi, mediante l'assegnazione di coefficienti che tengono conto dei titoli conseguiti e dei piazzamenti nei precedenti campionati;
c) una quota deve essere ripartita in applicazione del principio di equità, in modo tale da assicurare un equilibrio competitivo, in chiave europea, tra le singole società sportive;
d) una quota residuale deve essere destinata all'incentivazione dei vivai delle società sportive. Le somme di cui alla presente lettera sono attribuite alla Federazione italiana giuoco calcio, cui compete la determinazione delle modalità della loro distribuzione.
1. La commercializzazione dei diritti di cui all'articolo 2 con riguardo alla Coppa Italia ha luogo con le modalità di cui agli articoli 3 4. Le somme risultanti sono ripartite tra le società sportive partecipanti alla Coppa Italia in misura proporzionale al numero di turni superato. Le leghe professionistiche attribuiscono le predette somme in misura crescente per ogni turno successivo al primo.
1. Le disposizioni della presente legge si applicano ai campionati di Serie A e di Serie B a decorrere dalla stagione sportiva 2010-2011. A decorrere dalla data di inizio di tale stagione sportiva è abrogato il comma 1 dell'articolo 2 del decreto-legge 30 gennaio 1999, n. 15, convertito, con modificazioni, dalla legge 29 marzo 1999, n. 78.
2. Le disposizioni dell'articolo 6 si applicano alla Coppa Italia a decorrere dalla stagione sportiva 2007-2008.
1. La vigilanza e il controllo sulle modalità di commercializzazione di cui agli articoli 3 e 4 da parte delle leghe professionistiche spetta all'Autorità garante della concorrenza e del mercato e all'Autorità per le garanzie nelle comunicazioni, nell'ambito delle rispettive competenze.
براساس این نامه با توجه به تصمیمات مجمع عمومی عادی سالانه صاحبان سهام برای سال مالی منتهی به ۲۹/ ۱۲/ ۱۴۰۰ مورخ ۳۱/ ۰۳/ ۱۴۰۱، شرکت سرمایه گذاری پارسیان مبنی بر تقسیم مبلغ ۰۰۰/۰۰۰/ ۲۸ میلیون ریال (۷۹۶۹ ریال به ازای هر سهم) سود بین سهامداران و با توجه به اینکه ۲۹/ ۱۴ درصد سهام شرکت سرمایه گذاری پارسیان متعلق به شرکت بیمه پارسیان می باشد، معادل ۱۷۸/ ۰۰۲/ ۴ میلیون ریال (۳۳۴ ریال برای هر سهم) درآمد حاصل از سود سهام در دفاتر شرکت بیمهپارسیان شناسایی شد. بر این اساس نویدی که مدیر عامل بیمهپارسیان در مجمع عمومی عادی سالانه این شرکت به سهامداران داده بود عملی شد.
برچسب ها
ایران نیوز 24: معاون فناوریهای نوین بانک مرکزی از اتصال تمامی کارتخوانها و درگاههای پرداخت اینترنتی فعال در شبکه پرداخت کشور به پرونده مالیاتی خبر داد.
ایران نیوز 24: یعقوب رشنوادی، مدیرعامل بیمه سرمد به عنوان نماینده سندیکای بیمهگران ایران، عضو شورای سیاستگذاری بیست و نهمین همایش ملی بیمه و توسعه شد.
ایران نیوز 24: بانک تجارت و وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری در راستای همکاریهای مشترک و ارایه خدمات بانکی به جامعه دانشگاهی کشور، تفاهمنامه همکاری امضا خواهند کرد.
ثبت دیدگاه
- دیدگاه های ارسال شده توسط شما، پس از تایید توسط تیم مدیریت در وب منتشر خواهد شد.
- پیام هایی که حاوی تهمت یا افترا باشد منتشر نخواهد شد.
- پیام هایی که به غیر از زبان فارسی یا غیر مرتبط باشد منتشر نخواهد شد.We’ve spent a nice 10,000 years enjoying quite a cozy epoch, one that has nurtured human evolution and provided us with large habitable regions in which to develop our bustling civilizations. The degree of climate change we are facing, however, could push us into an entirely foreign set of climate conditions quite soon, a recent paper concludes. The crux of the paper, which is based on research on ice cores and other paleoclimate records, is that the Earth’s climate system hasn’t responded fully yet to the rapid increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and that much more warming is in the pipeline for the damage already done. In other words, the changes could be so dramatic that the Earth will likely leave the climate of the Holocene era soon.
This geological epoch began around 8,000 BCE and coincided with the rise of agriculture and the domestication of farm animals; some scientists are suggesting we may have already entered the Anthropocene-- the "era of man." What the end of the Holocene end would mean for humanity — the net effect of the rapid diminishing of species diversity, the loss of ice, and more — is, of course, very
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委六次全会昨天闭幕。
奇秀天下的庐山屹立于长江，之滨。中秋之夜，在上匡庐赏月也许是人生中难忘的经历。庐山素有“清凉世界”、“避暑胜地”等美名，秋日里更是赏红叶的好去处。山上空气，森林、花鸟、、飞瀑、峭壁、别墅一应俱全，形成完善的休闲度假旅游胜地。
禁毒志愿楼宇行公益宣传活动将走进北京市内商务写字楼，开展现场宣传、网络互动等方面的毒品预防宣传教育。时代广场的蟋蟀主要内容50字
1、表现得若无其事：对某事保持冷静或漠不关心。
2、切斯特也吃得很饱，结果每样东西都只吃了一小口。
3、音乐从它的翅膀下流淌出来，充满了报摊。
4、丰西说，她咧嘴一笑，使她的脸看起来又大又圆，像个万圣节的南瓜。
5、他轻轻地拍打着蟋蟀坚硬的黑壳、触角、六条腿和翅膀
6、就在他要入睡的时候，他听到塔克老鼠在笼子里高兴地低吟着。
7、这是一种小昆虫，大约两三厘米长，满身尘土。它有六条腿，头上有两条长长的触须，看上去像一对折起来的翅膀，弯在背上。
时代广场的蟋蟀第二章好词好句
8、消失：躲藏起来或不出现在公众面前。
9、他蹲下来，伸出手，轻轻地举起那堆报纸，一份一份地看了看，然后把它们放在一边。你爬得越低，看起来就越脏。
10、失败；成为什么。完全消失或完全消失
11、他听到了地铁列车的隆隆声，听到了铁轮转动时发出的吱吱声。
12、他在上衣口袋里翻找，终于找到了晚餐剩下的一块巧克力。马里奥从一端取下一点，把它放在指尖上，然后伸手去拿蟋蟀。昆虫小心翼翼地抬起头，朝着巧克力走去。它似乎先嗅了嗅，然后咬了一小口。当蟋蟀在他手里吃东西时，马里奥高兴得发抖。
13、美妙的音乐像一块石头掉进了平静的水中，泛起阵阵涟漪。人们听着听着，脸上的表情变了。忧虑的眼睛变得温柔和平静，舌头停止了打颤，充满城市噪音的耳朵从美妙的音乐中得到了休息。
14、为此感到高兴；最初的意思是急切地请求，但不是得到。经过许多描述渴望得到。
时代广场的蟋蟀摘抄
15、奇异的：非常罕见、不寻常或不寻常的。
16、音乐持续了几分钟，时代广场像傍晚的大草原一样寂静。在西方，太阳照在那些听音乐的人身上，微风吹拂着他们，仿佛他们不过是些高大的野草！
17、目瞪口呆：因惊讶或恐惧而目瞪口呆。
18、这时一切又恢复了平静，空气中有一种空虚的感觉，仿佛整个车站都在等待着人群的到来。
19、他蹲在水泥地上，目瞪口呆，惊讶得几乎停止了呼吸。
20、史密德利的眼睛瞪得大大的，嘴巴张得大大的，脸上的红晕消失了。
21、马里奥小心翼翼地握着他的新发现，举起昆虫放在手里。
时代广场的蟋蟀第三章好词好句
22、仿佛在远离纽约的某个地方，在一片青翠的森林里，有一片树叶在午夜时分穿过漆黑的黑夜，落进了灌木丛——落叶的回声。
23、一时间，空气中除了模糊的嗡嗡声外，什么也没有。
24、穿梭巴士的隆隆声渐渐消失，再也听不见了；只剩下微弱的、可听见的汽车离开街道的声音。车站空无一人，但空气中隐隐充满了无声的噪音。
25、雀跃者：蹦蹦跳跳的人；雀跃。喜欢跳。
26、引火烧身：现在很多比喻都主动地暴露自己的缺点和错误，以争取你的批评和帮助。
27、他个子很高，虽然有点驼背，但他总是一副和蔼可亲的样子，好像他身上总有什么东西似的。
28、放下过去的怨恨：人与人之间的矛盾和反感在某一时刻像冰一样融化。
时代广场的蟋蟀作者是谁
29、车站空无一人，但空气中隐隐充满了无声的噪音。
30、当火车滑出站台时，灯光在黑暗中渐渐消失了。
31、他还听到车站里人群的咆哮声，拴着皮带的狗的吠叫声。甚至是鸽子的翅膀，猫的叫声和飞机飞过城市的声音。
32、Tobeinthemiddleofsomething：正处于某事的中心。
33、这只大猫，有着灰绿色的眼睛和黑色的条纹，正坐在它的后腿上，摆动着它的尾巴和前爪。
34、狮子不再追赶麋鹿，河水也停止了流动，风也停止了呼吸。整个世界都静了下来。
35、直到现在，对于一个以柳树的高度来测量物体，并以潺潺的溪水来测量周围蟋蟀的生物来说，这实在是太可怕，太炫耀了。Transplanting trees with rhizospheric soil is an important way to facilitate tree survival in the process of landscaping and reforestation. Traditional way to prevent looseness of rhizospheric soil is forming soil balls around the roots with bags, boxes or rope wrapping, which is cumbersome, laborious and easy to break. This study is aimed to develop a new type of degradable environment-friendly polymer as soil consolidation agent to facilitate tree transplanting. In this paper, the KGM/CA/PVA ternary blending soil consolidation agent was prepared by using Konjac glucomannan (KGM), chitosan (CA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as raw materials. Through the verification and evaluation, the clay and sandy soil can be consolidated and formed into soil balls by the ternary blend adhesive, which was convenient for transportation. The preliminary application of the ternary blend adhesive in the transplanting process of sierra salvia, Japanese Spindle (Euonymus japonicus) and Juniperus sabina ‘Tamaricifolia’ confirmed that the application of soil consolidation agent can effectively solve the problem that the root ball of seedling is easily broken in the process of transplant. And the application of soil consolidation agent has no adverse effect on the growth of transplanted seedlings. The research and development of ternary blending soil consolidation agent and its preliminary application in seedling transplanting will provide a new solution to solve the problem of soil ball breakage in the process of seedling transplanting. This is an important stage in the development of new seedling transplanting technology. Therefore, the research and development of soil consolidation agent is of great significance.
With the aggravation of air pollution in modern cities, the increase of urban trees will improve the urban ecological environment and improve the quality of life1. In the urban greening work, the survival rate of transplanted seedlings is one of the important criteria for evaluating the quality of afforestation and land greening projects. There are many factors affecting the survival of transplanted seedlings, such as seedling pruning2, planting depth3. But, at present, the method of seedling transplantation with mother soil has the highest survival rate in nursery transplanting. However, the seedlings, especially large seedlings (or big trees) lifted with soil ball, is a challenging task. The nursery lands are mostly loose soil having poor agglomeration ability, so that digging up the earth ball is a high skill, and making the ball wrapped, tied or packed in boxes for transportation is time and energy consuming. Even so, the breakage of soil balls frequently occurs in the process of seedling loading and transportation. In terms of urban and rural greening, soil ball breaking is the main reason for the death of large seedlings (or large trees) after their transplantation.
Therefore, in order to ensure the integrity of soil balls, first of all, we should change the loose characteristics of soil at seedling roots. Can we develop a substance that can consolidate the loose soil at the seedling roots for handling and transplantation, and then let the solid soil bulk collapse and dispersed into their new sites by itself after the seedlings planting? This will not only solve the problem of the difficulty of lifting seedling with loose soil balls, but also avoid the breakage of soil balls during the loading and unloading steps. At the same time, it will save a lot of packaging materials in spite of plastic bags, straw ropes or wooden boxes. Nowadays, there is nowhere to live without polymer materials, and the application of polymers could be extended to the ecological environment engineering of forestation and greening. It is quite reasonable to use some kinds of polymers in the seedling transplantation in the aspects that we just specified.
For the consolidation of soil balls with the help of polymers for further transportation and transplantation of seedling, three points should be considered: first, the polymer-type soil consolidation agent does not impair the growth of seedlings; second, the polymer consolidation agent solidifies fast enough after spreading on the soil ball for seedling handling and transportation; and third, these steps are easy, simple and convenient.
At present, soil stabilizers rapidly solidifying soil are those mainly used in the treatment of building foundation, highway sub-grade reinforcement, water conservancy engineering such as slope solidification, canal seepage prevention and so on4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11. Their task mainly aims at solidifying soil as long as possible, better for permanent, i.e. unidirectional solidification without further collapse4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14. Furthermore, the inorganic soil solidifying agents have a seriously negative effect on the soil. The solidified soil layer basically loses the ability for plant growth, and its alkaline substance rinsed into the land is harmful to the vegetation. At the same time, the treatment of abandoned solidified soil is also difficult7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14. It is clear that the soil stabilizer used in construction can’t be used for the consolidation of seedling soil. Therefore, in order to afforestation, it is necessary to study the consolidation agent that is suitable for both the seedling soil consolidation and seedling growth after transplantation.
The essence of soil consolidating agent is the adhesive that can bond the soil. There are many kinds of adhesives. The main types of adhesives are solvent-based type, hot–melt type and water-based type15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28. Solvent based adhesives use volatile organic compounds as solvents, such as benzene and toluene. These solvents will directly volatilize to pollute the environment and harm the health of human body15,16,17,18,19. For the environmental protection our soil consolidation agent should not pollute the soil and groundwater and neither impair normal growth of the seedlings. Therefore, solvent-based adhesives can’t be the candidate. The existing hot–melt adhesives have poor wettability and are difficult to be spread evenly because of their high viscosity after melting, so that they are not suitable for large area coating and bonding20,21,22,23. It is clear that the existing hot–melt adhesives are not candidates for the consolidation of seedling soil. Water adhesives are a group of environment-friendly adhesives, which takes natural and synthetic polymers as sticky materials, and uses water as solvent or dispersant instead of toxic organic solvents. The main advantages of water-based adhesives are no poison, no pollution, no burning, safe use and easy to realize clean production technology. Their main disadvantage is the slow drying rate of the film at low temperature and high humidity. And their water resistance and frost resistance are poor24,25,26,27,28. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen their water resistance and accelerate their drying speed if they will be used to consolidate soil for seeding transplantation.
The ideal soil consolidation agent should not only have strong adhesion in wet environment and reach certain strength for handling, but also degrade fast enough within a given period of time. Their degradation products should be non-toxic and harmless, i.e. do not pollute soil and groundwater, and do not cause disease to plants. Therefore, the soil consolidation agents to be prepared should be a kind of biodegradable adhesives. Although there are many kinds of biodegradable adhesives, they can’t be directly applied to the consolidation of seedling soil. In order to avoid the crushing of soil balls in the whole process of seedling transplanting, to ensure the supply of nutrient to the seedling roots, and to increase the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings, it is necessary to study the composition and properties of biodegradable polymers, to design and synthesize the chemical structure of the candidate polymers, to characterize their structure and properties, to explore the degradation mechanism of these polymer consolidation agents and their influence on the growth of seedlings.
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is the main component of Amorphophallus in Araceae. KGM is a non-ionic water-soluble polymer polysaccharide. It is a compound polysaccharide formed by combining D-glucose and D-mannose through β-1,4-pyranoside bonds. Because of its excellent properties, such as good cross-linking, film-forming and gelling properties, good biodegradability, hygroscopicity and water permeability, and low toxicity29,30,31, konjac glucomannan has become an ideal raw material for the preparation of degradable soil consolidation agents.
Chitosan (CA) is a natural cationic polysaccharide obtained by deacetylation of chitin. It is the only natural alkaline polysaccharide in nature and the most important derivative of chitin. Chitosan has many unique physical and chemical properties and biological activities, such as cationic polyelectrolyte, multi-functional group reaction activity, antibacterial, biocompatibility and degradability. Its molecular structure contains amino, hydroxyl, acetylamino and other active groups, which can produce various chitosan derivatives with different physical, chemical properties and biological functions. It can be found from previous reports that although the blending of KGM and CA can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the KGM polymer, its water resistance needs to be improved.
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a kind of white powder water-soluble polymer resin obtained by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate. It is non-toxic, harmless, low price, good film forming ability and high strength of the adhesive film. PVA can improve the adhesion and moisture resistance when used as an auxiliary of adhesive. Therefore, PVA is the best raw material to improve the water resistance of KGM / CA blend polymer.
Therefore, in the present study biodegradable materials of KGM, CA and PVA were used as the main raw materials. Through polymer blending technology, the polymer-type consolidation agents were prepared and used to make samples of consolidated soil. The feasibility of the application of ternary blend adhesive on transplanting seedlings was confirmed in the aspects of the viscosity of the ternary blend adhesive, the structure of KGM/CA/PVA ternary blend membrane and the surface morphology, compression resistance and vibration resistance of the consolidated soil ball. Most importantly, the preliminary application of the ternary blend adhesive in the transplanting process of sierra salvia, Euonymus japonicus and Juniperus sabina ‘Tamaricifolia’, confirmed that the application of soil consolidation agent can effectively solve the problem that the root ball of seedling is easily broken in the process of transplant.
Although the research on the ternary blend soil consolidation agent in this paper is the primary stage to solve the problem of soil ball breakage in the process of seedling transplanting, it is an indispensable part of the development of new seedling transplanting technology. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the preparation of ternary blend soil consolidation agent and its application in seedling transplanting.
Viscosity of polymer adhesives and influencing blending factors
Polymer adhesives used as the soil consolidation agent should have their viscosity high enough to adhere well on the soil ball and later to keep the root ball strong. Their preparation conditions were investigated as follows.
The blending temperature had a certain effect on the viscosity of the ternary blend adhesive, as shown in Fig. 1a. The viscosity of the ternary blend adhesive gradually increased with the increase of blending temperature, and the higher the temperature, the viscosity increased more significantly. Especially, when the blending temperature was 85℃, the viscosity grew fastest. After that the growth trend slowed down. Through studying the influence of pH on the viscosity of the ternary blend adhesive, it was found that pH had a great influence on the viscosity of the adhesive, as shown in Fig. 1b. With the increase of pH, the viscosity increased. When the pH of the adhesive reached 6, a yellow gel appeared before cooling, and was viscous with a poor flowability. After cooling to room temperature, the adhesive became a “jelly gel”. This phenomenon indicated that with the increase of the pH, a large number of intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds were formed among –NH2, –OH on the molecular chains of CA and –OH on the molecular chains of KGM. From this result the pH of the glue should be used under acidic condition, say at pH lower than 5. The solid content of KGM in the glue had a significant effect on the viscosity of the ternary blend adhesive, as shown in Fig. 1c. With the increase of solid content of KGM, CA and PVA, the viscosity of ternary blend adhesive increased linearly. For the practical application, a balance between the solid content and the viscosity should be chosen. From the steady-state rate scanning diagram at a constant temperature, it is clear that the blend glue was a pseudo-plastic fluid (Fig. 1d). With the increase of shear rate, the apparent viscosity of the adhesive decreased sharply at the start and then gradually. This shear-thinning behavior was beneficial to the spreading of the ternary blend adhesive onto the soil column.
The structure of KGM/CA/PVA ternary blend membrane
The interaction of KGM, CA and PVA in the ternary blend adhesive was analyzed by observing the difference between infrared spectra of KGM/CA/PVA ternary blend membrane and those of three components, as shown in Fig. 2. Comparing IR spectra of raw material KGM, CA and PVA with the IR spectra of KGM/CA/PVA, it can be seen that the absorption peaks of KGM in the ternary blend adhesive at 1727.9, 1645.9, 858.3 and 764 cm−1 all shifted slightly (Fig. 2a). Second, the absorption peak of CA in the crystallization sensitive zone 1028 cm−1 has changed significantly in the blend membrane. The absorption peak at 1028 cm−1 became an inseparable peak in the blend membrane, which further indicated that there was a strong interaction between CA and KGM molecules in the blend membrane and interfered with the original
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eternità.
Tanta casualità non poteva essere casuale. La chitarra prese il nome della macchina, Gibbons la attaccò a un Marshall, iniziò a ripetere il mantra imparato fra i solchi del ‘Beano’ –“tono, tono, tono”- e iniziò a giocare, per sempre, con la distorsione del gain. Fece scivolare il suo genio nel buco di tutte le serrature, decifrando le chiavi di ogni chitarra che gli passava fra le mani, e durante queste ultime quattro decadi, si è meritato la fama leggendaria di signore del segreto, mastro di chiavi, guardiano del cielo del blues.
Che suoni una Gibson Melody Maker come quella degli inizi, piloti una Fender Telecaster, faccia spirali con una Jazzmaster o che si arrenda una volta almeno all’eterna Stratocaster, c’è una cosa che il mastro di chiavi del blues non dimentica mai: che in paradiso si va passando dal deserto di Chihuahua, con una bella ragazza seduta di fianco e che bisogna sempre far caso ai segnali divini se vuoi passare la soglia della gloria e vivere una vita eterna nel tentatore mondo del rock ‘n’ roll.Prestigio, possibilità di avvicinarsi alla finale di Varsavia ma non solo. La doppia sfida contro la Dinamo Kiev, infatti, vale non poco anche a livello economico. Parametri lontanissimi dagli introiti della Champions, ma arrivare in Semifinale di Europa League vale un milione di euro. Questo il premio che la UEFA mette in palio per le prime quattro della seconda manifestazione europea.
La Fiorentina, finora, ha portato a casa circa 3,6 milioni di euro di premi UEFA per i risultati nella fase a gironi, ai Sedicesimi e agli Ottavi. Arrivare in semifinale, come detto, ‘paga’ un milione di euro, mentre la vincitrice dell’Europa League si accaparra 5 milioni di euro. La perdente a Varsavia, invece, 2.5 milioni. Il tutto considerando i soli premi UEFA, ed escludendo quindi gli incassi al botteghino e dei diritti tv.http://isport.ir/fa/media/36178
آی اسپورت- بخش رسانه ای فیفا یکی از قوی ترین بخش های فدراسیون جهانی فوتبال است. این بخش که ارتباط مستقیمی با مهم ترین رسانه های جهان از روزنامه و وب سایت گرفته تا شبکه های مختلف تلویزیونی دارد، بخشی به نام فیفاتی وی دارد. فیفاتی وی، نام شبکه تلویزیونی فیفاست که چند سالی است فعال شده است. البته فیفا هنوز به صورت رسمی تلویزیونش را راه نینداخته اما فیلم هایی که می سازد را در مواقعی منتشر می کند. اگر مسافر پروازهای خارجی بوده باشید، در این پروازها و زمانی که مسافران می خواهند از تلویزیون های پرواز استفاده کنند، در بخش فیلم های ورزشی، بخشی به نام فیفاتی وی وجود دارد که فیلم های مربوط به فیفا را نشان می دهد. فیفا هنوز به توجیه اقتصادی نرسیده که تلویزیون راه بیندازد و سپ بلاتر همیشه در مقابل این ماجرا مقاومت کرده است.
آی اسپورت- بخش رسانه ای فیفا یکی از قوی ترین بخش های فدراسیون جهانی فوتبال است. این بخش که ارتباط مستقیمی با مهم ترین رسانه های جهان از روزنامه و وب سایت گرفته تا شبکه های مختلف تلویزیونی دارد، بخشی به نام فیفاتی وی دارد. فیفاتی وی، نام شبکه تلویزیونی فیفاست که چند سالی است فعال شده است. البته فیفا هنوز به صورت رسمی تلویزیونش را راه نینداخته اما فیلم هایی که می سازد را در مواقعی منتشر می کند. اگر مسافر پروازهای خارجی بوده باشید، در این پروازها و زمانی که مسافران می خواهند از تلویزیون های پرواز استفاده کنند، در بخش فیلم های ورزشی، بخشی به نام فیفاتی وی وجود دارد که فیلم های مربوط به فیفا را نشان می دهد. فیفا هنوز به توجیه اقتصادی نرسیده که تلویزیون راه بیندازد و سپ بلاتر همیشه در مقابل این ماجرا مقاومت کرده است.
فیفا با توجه به هزینه های گزافی که بابت برگزاری مسابقات پرداخت می کند، هنوز اعتقادی به داشتن شبکه تلویزیونی ندارد و به همین دلیل، گهگاهی فیلم هایی می سازد و روی وب سایت فیفا قرار می دهد. فیلم های کوتاه البته روی سایت هایی که فیلم ها را آپلود می کنند موجود است اما فیلم های تاریخی که فیفا آرشیو تلویزیونی خوبی از آنها دارد را به شبکه های تلویزیونی می فروشد. مثل فیلم مستند 10 لحظه برتر فیفا که در آن گل تاریخی حمید استیلی به آمریکا قرار دارد. یا فیلم 100 گل برتر فیفا که گل مهدی مهدوی کیا و حمید استیلی در آن قرار دارند. فیفاتی وی البته فیلم های دیگری هم دارد که دیدنی است و معمولا آنها را رو نمی کند.
فیلمی درباره ایران
فیفا درباره تیم های جام جهانی، فیلم های مختلفی ساخته است که فیلم ایران یکی، دو روز پیش منتشر شد. فیلمی جالب که در آن به شیوه جالبی تیم ملی معرفی شده است. کارگردان این فیلم یک ایرانی به نام مهرداد مسعودی است که از ورزشی نویس های سابق ایران در دهه 60 و اوایل دهه 70 بوده و تنها ایرانی بخش رسانه ای فیفاست و برای فیفا برنامه فوتبال موندیال را می سازد. برنامه ای که فیفا در اقصی نقاط جهان فوتبال را پوشش می دهد و یکی از پرطرفدارترین برنامه های تلویزیون های خارجی است. در هر حال فیلم با صحنه هایی از بازی ایران و کره جنوبی در اولسان کره جنوبی شروع می شود. دو تیم که وارد زمین می شوند، چهره مضطرب کی روش نشان داده می شود که نگران نتیجه بازی است. سپس کسی که نریشن می خواند از موقعیت های زیادی می گوید که کره ای ها برای گلزنی از دست داده اند. سپس گل رضا قوچان نژاد و شادی گل بازیکنان و کادر فنی تیم ملی به تصویر کشیده می شود. نکته جالب آنجاست که امید نمازی، دستیار کی روش که بعدها با او به مشکل خورد، به حالتی جالب با کی روش دست می دهد و شادی گل می کند. بعد مصاحبه او با قوچان نژاد در چارلتون انگیس نشان داده می شود که می گوید: هر بازیکنی در فوتبال آرزو دارد که جام جهانی را تجربه کند و من هم یکی از آن بازیکنان هستم و افتخار می کنم که به همراه تیم ملی به جام جهانی می روم. امیدوارم در برزیل بتوانیم خودمان را نشان دهیم و در کل برای فوتبال ایران روزهای خوبی را خلق کنیم.
سپس نوبت به بازیکن فولام می رسد. اشکان دژاگه هم در انگلستان با گزارشگر فیفاتی وی مصاحبه کرده و گفته است: آرزوی هر بازیکنی بازی کردن در جام جهانی است و من برای دومین سال است برای فوتبال ایران بازی می کنم و خوشحالم که در جام جهانی هستم. صحنه های بعدی رقص و پایکوبی مردم در خیابان های تهران پس از صعود تیم ملی به جام جهانی بود.
معرفی ایران در فیلم فیفا
سپس کسی که نریشن فیلم را به زبان انگلیسی می خواند ایران را به عنوان یک تمدن بزرگ معرفی می کند که از سال 1908 با اکتشاف نفت، توانسته در طول سال ها به چهارمین تولید کننده نفت جهان تبدیل شود و از پسته و چای ایرانی تعریف می کند و البته فوتبال از سال 1898 به ایران راه یافته و استقلال تهران، پرسپولیس تهران و سپاهان اصفهان پرطرفدارترین تیم های ایران را تشکیل می دهند. اولین باری که ایران به جام جهانی صعود کرده است، در سال 1977 بوده که ایران توانست مجوز حضور در جام جهانی 1978 آرژانتین را دریافت کند. سپس صحنه هایی از بازی های ایران در جام جهانی 1978 مقابل هلند و اسکاتلند نشان داده می شود و گلزنی ایران به اسکاتلند. البته حشمت مهاجرانی در این باره روی تصاویر حرف می زند و می گوید که بزرگ بودن بازیکنان هلند روی بازیکنان ایران تاثیر منفی گذاشته بود. ایران در آن بازی سه بر صفر شکست خورد. سپس کی روش دوباره نشان داده می شود و رزومه ای از کار او به تصویر کشیده می شود. جایی که او را دستیار اول فرگوسن و سرمربی سابق رئال مادرید و همچنین سرمربی تیم جوانان پرتغال که در سال 1989 قهرمان جهان شد معرفی می شود. کی روش صحبت هایش را این طور شروع می کند: دو سال سخت را گذراندیم و تمرین کردیم و می دانستیم که باید کجا برویم. بازیکنان در بازی آخر 90 دقیقه از جان و دل مایه گذاشتند و می خواستند بهترین باشند.
سپس دوباره نریشن خوان سراغ تصاویر رضا قوچان نژاد می رود و او را یک بازیکن لژیونر معرفی می کند که درباره کی روش حرف می زند: کی روش مرد بسیار خوبی است و مربی ای است که کارش حرف ندارد. بعد دوباره کی روش نشان داده می شود: ما به بازیکنان بین المللی احتیاج داشتیم و برایمان مهم بود که بازیکنان تجربه بین المللی داشته باشند. ایران ممکن است یک روز با عمان بازی کند، یک روز با برزیل، یک روز با اروگوئه و یک روز با تونس. به همین دلیل بازیکنان بین المللی باید وارد تیم ملی ایران می شدند و این اتفاق افتاد.
تصاویر روی بازی ایران- کره جنوبی در تهران می رود و صحنه گل نکونام به کره با ارسال خوب اشکان دژاگه نشان داده می شود و این بار حرف های بازیکن فولام ادامه دهنده فیلم است. البته نریشن خوان به لاتین می گوید که اشکان دژاگه کلید صعود به جام جهانی 2014 برزیل بوده است. حرف های اشکان را درباره حضورش در ایران را بخوانید: همیشه می خواستم برای تیم ملی ایران بازی کنم اما فرصت نمی شد، اما وقتی کی روش با من صحبت کرد، راضی شدم که برای تیم ملی ایران بازی کنم. کی روش تمرکز خوبی به من داد تا به خوبی تصمیم بگیریم. در این فیلم محمد تقوی بازیکن سابق استقلال و تیم ملی هم به عنوان یک کارشناس فوتبال درباره تیم ملی صحبت می کند و از کارلوس کی روش به عنوان یک مربی که توانسته خط دفاعی ایران را ترمیم کند و از بازیکنان دورگه ایرانی که در خارج از کشور بازی می کنند نام می برد و کارلوس کی روش را باعث دعوت شدن آنها به تیم ملی ایران می داند. تقوی افت کیفیت بازیکنان داخل کشور را باعث دعوت از بازیکنانی مثل قوچان نژاد، دژاگه و دیگر بازیکنان می داند. در هر حال تقوی در چند صحنه فیلم ظاهر می شود و نکات جالبی را درباره تیم ملی بر زبان می آورد که مهم و شنیدنی هستند.
ماجرای رحمتی سوژه فیلم فیفا
اما ماجرای خداحافظی رحمتی از تیم ملی هم سوژه فیلم شده است. جایی که نریشن خوان می گوید: در سه بازی آخر، رحمتی به دلیل مشکلاتی که با کی روش داشت از تیم ملی خداحافظی کرد. اختلافات دلیل اصلی خداحافظی اش شد. کی روش به فیفا تی وی می گوید: تصمیم راحتی نبود. همه می دانند تصمیمات حرفه ای با تصمیمات دوستانه فرق دارند. اما آن چیزی که مهم است این است که هیچ بازیکنی بزرگ تر از تیم ملی نیست و تیم ملی بزرگ تر از هر بازیکنی است. سپس صحنه هایی از سه بازی آخر تیم ملی نشان داده می شود که رحمان احمدی با رشادت اجازه نمی دهد کره ای ها در اولسان به گل برسند. بعد هم صحنه هایی از گلزنی قوچان نژاد به قطر در دوحه، لبنان در تهران و کره جنوبی در اولسان نشان داده می شود و نریشن خوان او را پایه گذار اصلی صعود ایران به جام جهانی معرفی می کند. کی روش دوباره روی صحنه می آید: اول شدن در گروه راحت نبود، خوشحالم که این اتفاق افتاد، بازیکنان مسئولیت شناس بودند و هر چه از آنها خواستم انجام دادند.
قوچان نژاد هم با اشاره به اینکه تیم ملی ایران 3-3-4 بازی می کند ایران را تیمی معرفی کرد که روی زمین بازی می کند و درهمین حین کارگردان تلویزیونی، گل خلعتبری به ازبکستان را در تاشکند نشان می دهد که روی زمین به ثمر رسید.
آندو، نکونام و منتظری، شش های تیم ملی
حشمت مهاجرانی سرمربی تیم ملی ایران در جام جهانی 1978 آرژانتین، آندرانیک تیموریان، جواد نکونام و پژمان منتظری را شش های تیم ملی می داند و از آنها به شدت تعریف می کند و البته تعریف ویژه او از آندرانیک تیموریان است. در پایان فیلم گل حمید استیلی به آمریکا و گل آنگولا به ایران نشان داده می شود و اعلام می شود آخرین امتیازی که ایران در جام جهانی گرفته مقابل آنگولا در جام جهانی 2006 آلمان بوده است. حرف های امیدوار کننده قوچان نژاد پایان دهنده فیلم فیفاست؛ جایی که می گوید به برزیل می رویم تا زنگ تفریح نباشیم و نمایش خوبی داشته باشیم.TAJIKISTAN – Dushanbe. 23/02/15. Secondo la testata Asia-Plus, il capo della Banca nazionale del Tagikistan (NBT), Abdujabbor Shirinov, il Tagikistan sta studiando la possibilità di utilizzare la moneta nazionale cinese, lo yuan (CNY), per l’insediamento del commercio con la Cina.
«La Legge del Tagikistan sulla regolazione e il controllo di valuta non limita lo scambio di valute estere nel mercato interno, ma il problema è che un ampio scambio di valuta nazionale tagika, il Somoni (TJS), per lo yuan nel mercato valutario non è ancora iniziato in Tagikistan», ha detto il capo della banca centrale tanica sul sito ufficiale NBT. E ancora ha aggiunto: «Oggi, i nostri imprenditori utilizzano dollari per l’acquisto di merci in Cina, ma al momento stiamo studiando la possibilità di cambiare questo meccanismo». Secondo lui, uno dei modi per cambiare il meccanismo di insediamento reciproco dei conti tra i due paesi è quello di ampliare i legami con le banche cinesi. La Cina è diventata uno dei principali partner commerciali del Tagikistan in questi ultimi anni. Secondo i dati ufficiali statistici del Tagikistan lo scambio commerciale tra i due paesi è passato da 32 milioni dollari nel 2003 a quasi un miliardo di dollari nel 2013. Nel frattempo, secondo i dati ufficiali statistici della Cina, il commercio bidirezionale tra i due paesi è passato da 32 milioni di dollari a più di 2 miliardi di dollari.Il Tribunale di Catania ha riconosciuto il diritto del marito e delle due figlie di una donna ad ottenere il risarcimento dei danni che la congiunta aveva subito quand’era ancora in vita.
Una sentenza storica del Tribunale catanese che riconosce agli eredi di una donna deceduta il diritto al risarcimento dei danni subiti, anche se la donna quando era in vita non aveva mai formulato alcuna richiesta o denuncia contro il Ministero della Sanità.
Tutto ha inizio nel 1987: la donna muore nel 2011 ed il marito, assieme alle figlie, nel 2016 richiedono tramite l’avvocato Silvio Vignera il risarcimento danni innanzi al Tribunale di Catania. Nel 1987, la donna si era sottoposta ad un intervento chirurgico di isterectomia totale che rese indispensabile, da parte dei medici, richiedere delle trasfusioni di sangue. Quelle sacche di sangue però erano infette e la donna contrasse l’Epatite C, diagnosticata solo nel 2009, quando accusa i sintomi della malattia.
Due anni dopo, nel 2011, muore senza però avere mai fatto alcuna richiesta di risarcimento danni nei confronti del Ministero della Salute. Il marito e le figlie decidono di affidare all’avvocato Silvio Vignera l’incarico di formulare richiesta di risarcimento relativamente ai danni che la congiunta aveva subito. Dopo anni, il Tribunale di Catania ha riconosciuto il diritto del marito e delle figlie della vittima ad ottenere il risarcimento dei danni.Politica
Le sparatorie di massa sono collegate all'eredità americana della violenza anti-indigena
In questo editoriale, Ruth Hopkins, scrittrice, biologa, avvocato ed ex giudice tribale del Dakota / Lakota Sioux, scrive della linea tra eventi come il massacro di Sand Creek e le sparatorie di massa di oggi.
Di Ruth Hopkins29 novembre 2019
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Finora ci sono state più sparatorie di massa negli Stati Uniti nel 2019 rispetto ai giorni dell'anno. Secondo il Gun Violence Archive (GVA), ci furono 381 sparatorie di massa al 29 novembre, il 333 ° giorno dell'anno. Mentre il Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) non ha una definizione formale per tiro di massa, il GVA lo definisce come qualsiasi incidente in cui quattro o più persone vengono colpite o uccise contemporaneamente, senza contare il tiratore.
Questi atti di carneficina e spargimenti di sangue hanno traumatizzato così tanti, lasciandoci una seconda ipotesi sul fatto che sia sicuro avventurarsi in spazi pubblici aperti.
Ma mentre amministratori scolastici, psicologi e politici hanno le loro teorie su ciò che sta dietro la violenza, c'è anche un dettaglio cruciale che viene regolarmente escluso dalla conversazione: il fatto che gli Stati Uniti abbiano una lunga e sanguinosa storia di sparatorie di massa. La verità della questione è che questo paese è stato fondato sulla violenza coloniale - costruito sulle spalle di schiavi neri e sui corpi di milioni di popoli nativi uccisi.
David Hogg, un sopravvissuto alle riprese di massa di Parkland del febbraio 2018 e uno dei cofondatori di March for Our Lives, ha riconosciuto questa realtà durante una recente intervista con Chris Hayes, conduttore di MSNBC. 'Se vogliamo parlare di sparatorie di massa, dobbiamo riconoscere l'enorme numero di sparatorie di massa indigene commesse dal governo degli Stati Uniti', ha affermato.
La storia dell'America è una brutale strage di massa, che risale al genocidio dei popoli originari di questa terra, alle sparatorie che vediamo oggi nei centri commerciali e nelle scuole.
Il 29 novembre è l'anniversario del massacro di Sand Creek. Quel giorno del 1864, il colonnello americano John Chivington
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خی افراد باهوش تر، متفکرتر یا ماجراجوتر از دیگران هستند. برای سالها، کارشناسان چنین تفاوت هایی را به ترکیب محیط، فیزیولوژی و ترکیب ژنتیکی هر فرد نسبت می دادند. اما عوامل دیگری به تعیین ویژگی های فردی کمک می کنند، از جمله ویژگی هایی که از داشتن طرز فکر «ثابت» یا «رشد» نشئت می گیرد.
«نگاهی که برای خود می پذیرید، عمیقاً بر روشی که شما زندگی می کنید تأثیر می گذارد.»
کسانی که شخصیت یا هوش خود را تزلزل ناپذیر می بینند، «طرز فکر ثابتی» دارند. آنها بر این باورند که نه شخصیت و نه هوش دستخوش تغییر هستند و احساس می کنند که باید دائماً خود را در همه شرایط ثابت نگاه دارند. افرادی که طرز فکر ثابتی دارند، اغلب این دیدگاه را در سنین پایین ایجاد می کنند، معمولاً به دلیل تأثیرات معلمان یا والدینشان.
متناوبا، افراد دارای ” طرز فکر رشد” معتقدند که می توانند ویژگی های شخصیتی خود را در طول زمان بهبود یا تغییر دهند. آنها معتقدند که آینده فرصت هایی برای رشد، حتی در زمان های چالش برانگیز، ارائه می دهد.
“طرز فکرها حساب جاری را که در سر مردم اتفاق می افتد، تشکیل می دهند.”
برای نشان دادن تفاوت ها بین طرز فکر ثابت و رشد، یک مصاحبه کننده از مردم پرسید که اگر در امتحان میان ترم C+ بگیرند و سپس بلیط پارکینگ بگیرند، چه کار خواهند کرد.
در مواجهه با رویدادهای انباشته، افرادی با طرز فکر ثابت گفتند که این وضعیت ثابت می کند که «دنیا به دنبال من است» یا اینکه آنها بازنده یا احمق هستند. افراد دارای طرز فکر رشد گفتند که در مدرسه سخت تر کار خواهند کرد و با دقت بیشتری پارک می کنند.
تاثیر طرز فکر
طرز فکر پیامدهای مهمی دارد، اگرچه اکثر مردم در برآورد توانایی های خود بسیار بی دقت هستند. افرادی که طرز فکر ثابتی دارند، تمایل دارند هر شکست را شخصی بدانند. آنها هر گونه شکست، از اخراج شدن تا طرد شدن عاشقانه را به عنوان پیامی برای طرد تفسیر می کنند.
احساس ناخواسته بودن، عزت نفس پایین آنها را تشدید می کند. افرادی که طرز فکر ثابتی دارند سخت تلاش می کنند تا نقاط ضعف خود را پنهان کنند، اما آنها معتقدند که روابط آنها، ویژگی های آنها و ویژگی های شریک زندگی آنها تغییر ناپذیر است.
اشتیاق به کشش خود و چسبیدن به آن، حتی (یا مخصوصاً) زمانی که خوب پیش نمی رود، ویژگی بارز طرز فکر رشد است.»
در مقابل، افراد دارای طرز فکر رشد معتقدند که می توانند ویژگی های شخصیتی خود را تغییر دهند. آنها فکر می کنند توانایی هایشان می تواند رشد کند. آنها به احتمال زیاد استعدادهای خود را تقویت می کنند. آنها عاشق یادگیری هستند و وقتی توانایی های خود را توسعه نمی دهند احساس ناامیدی می کنند. داشتن طرز فکر رشد به افراد کمک می کند تا با استرس کنار بیایند.
“در طرز فکر رشد، شما همیشه به اعتماد به نفس نیاز ندارید.”
طرز فکر همچنین ویژگی های رهبری را تعیین می کند، از جمله اینکه افراد چقدر در مدرسه عملکرد خوبی دارند. دانشجویان پزشکی با طرز فکر ثابت علاقه خود را به یک کلاس مهم زمانی که نمرات “C” را کسب کردند، از دست دادند.
آنها که به تقویت سریع عادت داشتند، زمانی که پاداش های سریع دریافت نکردند، دیگر علاقه ای نشان نمی دادند. دانشآموزانی که طرز فکر رشد داشتند با سخت تر شدن کلاس پیشرفت کردند.
“افراد دارای طرز فکر رشد فقط به دنبال چالش نیستند، بلکه بر اساس آن پیشرفت می کنند.”
طرز فکرها در رشد استعدادهای “طبیعی” نقش دارند. یک محقق آموزشی دریافت که افراد استثنایی، از شناگر گرفته تا نوازنده، تا زمانی که مطالعه نکرده و خود را به کار نگیرند، استعداد خود را نشان نمی دهند. به عنوان مثال، موتزارت یک دهه قبل از نوشتن چیزی به یاد ماندنی کار کرد.
با این حال، مخترعان و هنرمندان توانایی یادگیری را در طول زمان با بلوغ مطرح می کنند. آنها تنها به توانایی های طبیعی خود متکی نیستند. طرز فکرها مختص استعدادهای متنوع است، بنابراین یک هنرمند ممکن است نسبت به ایده های جدید بازتر باشد، اما از نظر اجتماعی محدودتر باشد.
گفتن به بچه ها که باهوش هستند، در نهایت باعث شد احساس کنند احمق تر و احمق تر عمل می کنند، اما ادعا می کنند که باهوش تر هستند.
طرز فکر افراد افسرده را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد. دانش آموزان افسرده با طرزفکر رشد تمایل دارند برای حل افسردگی خود تلاش کنند و در عین حال برنامه مدرسه و علایق بیرونی خود را حفظ کنند. دانشآموزانی که طرز فکر ثابتی دارند، وقتی افسرده می شوند، کمتر فعال و درگیر می شوند.
افرادی که طرز فکر ثابت دارند نسبت به افراد دارای طرز فکر رشد واکنش متفاوتی نسبت به تحسین و تمجید نشان می دهند. کودکانی که به خاطر هوششان مورد تحسین قرار می گیرند، اغلب تمایل به اتخاذ یک طرز فکر ثابت دارند و چالش های جدید را رد می کنند.
در آزمایش ها، آنها می خواستند از موفقیت خود لذت ببرند و نمی خواستند هیچ نقطه ضعفی را آشکار کنند. دانش آموزانی که به آنها گفته شد توانایی های بالایی دارند، دوست ندارند که از آنها خواسته شود مسائل سخت تری را حل کنند. آنها گفتند که کار اضافی لذت آنها را از یادگیری کم کرده است.
در همان زمان، دانش آموزانی که به دلیل تلاش مورد تحسین قرار گرفتند، گفتند که دوست دارند روی مشکلات سخت تر کار کنند. در آزمایش ها، تمجید از توانایی کودک حتی باعث کاهش نمره ضریب هوشی او میشد، اما تمجید از کودک به خاطر تلاش بیشتر، مجموع ضریب هوشی را افزایش داد.
“در طرز فکر ثابت، از دست دادن خود در اثر شکست می تواند یک آسیب دائمی و آزاردهنده باشد.”
برچسب زدن به افراد می تواند بسیار مضر باشد، از نامیدن کودکان “استعدادی” یا “استثنایی” تا استفاده از کلیشه های جنسی و نژادی منفی. چنین برچسب هایی در واقع می تواند باعث شود مردم احساس حقارت کنند و یک پیش گویی منفی و خودشکوفایی ایجاد کنند.
اغلب به نظر می رسد که برچسب زدن افراد را تشویق می کند تا با پتانسیل خود عمل نکنند. وقتی مردم این کلیشه ها را باور می کنند، اغلب در مورد دستاوردهای واقعی خود دروغ می گویند یا اغراق می کنند. نظرات دیگران می تواند آسیب زا باشد.
وقتی معلمان به دختران جوان می گویند که ممکن است در ریاضیات یا علوم خوب نباشند، می تواند آنها را به عملکرد ضعیف سوق دهد. مطالعه ای روی پسران نوجوان نشان داد که وقتی از پسران خواسته می شود کلیشه های منفی در مورد دختران را تأیید کنند، تقویت این کلیشه ها باعث افزایش عزت نفس پسران می شود.
تغییر طرز فکر
در حالی که طرز فکر ها جهان بینی های مشخصی را تولید می کنند، مردم می توانند با یادگیری مهارت های جدید آنها را تغییر دهند. می توان به انسان ها یاد داد که چگونه به شیوه های جدید واکنش نشان دهند، چگونه با چالش ها روبرو شوند و متفاوت فکر کنند.
به عنوان مثال، زمانی که ورزشکاران با طرز فکر رشد خود را به چالش می کشیدند، ویژگی های شخصیتی مثبتی را ایجاد می کردند. به گفته محققان ورزشی، ورزشکارانی که طرز فکر رشد دارند، به تنهایی روی برد تمرکز نمی کنند.
آنها روی فرآیند تمرکز کردند و حواسپرتیها را نادیده گرفتند و از چالش به همان اندازه از نتیجهگیری لذت بردند. آنها از شکست درس گرفتند و دریافتند که سخت کوشی سود شخصی به همراه دارد. در مقابل، ورزشکارانی با طرز فکر ثابت، خود را مجبور به پیروزی کردند تا نشان دهند که بهتر از رقبای خود هستند. وقتی باختند، ناامید شدند.
استعداد و آموزش
تجارت امروز استعداد را می پرستد. این به طور ناخواسته طرز فکرهای خاصی را پرورش داده است. انرون به دنبال افراد با استعداد با مدارک پیشرفته بود. به طور مشکل ساز، فرهنگ داخلی را نیز توسعه داد که در آن افراد نمی توانستند بدون آسیب رساندن به شهرت و وجهه شرکت شکست بخورند. انرون از اعتراف به اشتباهات متنفر بود و برای تصویر ارزش زیادی قائل بود. زمانی که سرمایه گذاران فعالیت های آن را بررسی می کردند، طرز فکر ثابت مدیران آن باعث شد که آنها حالت تدافعی و دروغگویی داشته باشند.
“در طرز فکر ثابت، مطلوبیت فوری، کامل و همیشگی است.”
تحقیقات نشان می دهد که شرکت هایی با رهبرانی که طرز فکر رشد دارند، به دنبال کارمندانی هستند که بتوانند کمبودها را برطرف کنند و راهحل هایی بیابند. این مدیران به توانایی افراد برای رشد و غلبه بر مشکلات اعتقاد دارند. یک مطالعه شرکت ها را بر اساس سود یا زیان ارزش سهام آنها مقایسه کرد.
هنگامی که شرکت هایی را با رشد استثنایی (که با قیمت سهام اندازهگیری می شود) در مقابل شرکت هایی قرار داد که رشد نکرده اند، یا متوجه سود شده اند و سپس محو شده اند، متوجه شد که موفقیت شرکت ها به رهبرانی وابسته است که به طور مداوم فرآیندهای شرکت را بررسی می کنند و شکست های آن را به چالش می کشند. به عنوان مثال، مدیر عامل سرکت سیتی در اتاق هیئت مدیره خود مناظره هایی برگزار کرد تا مشکلات مبرم را مورد بحث قرار دهد تا بتواند از سایر اعضای هیئت مدیره سوال کند و از آنها یاد بگیرد.
” طرز فکر ثابت شما را نگران قضاوت می کند و این می تواند شما را بیشتر خودآگاه و مضطرب کند.”
مطالعه دیگری نشان داد که تعیین تکلیف برای دانش آموزان و توضیح چگونگی اندازه گیری موفقیت، می تواند تعیین کند که دانش آموزان چه طرز فکری دارند. محققین به دو گروه دانشجویی هدف تولیدی بالایی را برای رسیدن به هدف تعیین کردند. آنها به یک گروه گفتند که با میزان آگاهی اعضای آن در مورد یک فرآیند خاص (ایجاد یک طرز فکر ثابت) اندازه گیری می شود.
آنها به دانش آموزان دیگر گفتند که باید مهارت های جدیدی را توسعه دهند تا بتوانند در حین کار یاد بگیرند (تحریک طرز فکر رشد). در ابتدا هر دو گروه نتوانستند به اهداف خود برسند. اما با گذشت زمان، اعضای گروه طرز فکر رشد از اشتباهات خود درس گرفتند، به یکدیگر انگیزه دادند و از گروه دیگر پیشی گرفتند.
مالکوم گلادول، نویسنده کتاب “توانایی فکر کردن، بدون فکر کردن” پیشنهاد داده است که به عنوان یک جامعه، ما به دستاورد طبیعی و بدون زحمت به موفقیت از طریق تلاش اهمیت می دهیم.
مربی گری و آموزش در مورد طرز فکر، راه های موثری برای افزایش عزت نفس دانش آموز است. نکته کلیدی این است که به دانش آموز نشان داده شود که مربی علاقه مند به پیشرفت دانش آموز و کمک به روند رشد کلی دانش آموز است.
با این حال، معلمان باید مراقب زبان خود باشند. تمجید چشم بسته اغلب علیه دانشآموزان کار میکند، زیرا می تواند پیام های متفاوتی درباره سرعت یادگیری دانش آموزان، اثربخشی عادات مطالعه یا میزان توانایی آنها ارسال کند. دانش آموزان را به خاطر تلاش ها و دستاوردهایشان تحسین کنید تا بتوانند چالش های سخت تری را دنبال کنند. کودکان میتوانند حتی نظرات بیضرر را – مانند “تو به سرعت یاد میگیری چون خیلی باهوشی” – به این معنی که یادگیری آهسته بد است تفسیر کنند.
بنجامین باربر، جامعه شناس برجسته، زمانی گفت: «من دنیا را به ضعیف و قوی، یا موفقیت ها و شکست ها تقسیم نمی کنم، من دنیا را به یادگیرندگان و غیر یادگیرندگان تقسیم می کنم».
محافظت از کودکان در برابر شکست نیز عاقلانه نیست. بهترین نبودن یا شکست خوردن اغلب در زندگی اتفاق می افتد. یک اتفاق رایج است. والدینی که فقط بر بهترین بودن تمرکز می کنند، در صورت برنده نشدن کودک، هیچ موقعیت جایگزینی برای کودک نمی گذارند، و او را به سرزنش دیگران رها می کنند، فعالیت را بی ارزش می کنند یا شکست را به یک پیش گویی خودشکوفایی تبدیل می کنند.
باز و بسته: طرز فکر و رهبری
رهبری که طرز فکر ثابتی از خود نشان می دهد می تواند یک شرکت را برای شکست آماده کند. یکی از محققان دریافت که مدیران شرکت هایی که بر شهرت شخصی خود تمرکز می کنند، این کار را به هزینه شرکت هایشان انجام می دهند. به عنوان مثال، لی یاکوکا به احیای کرایسلر کمک کرد، اما سپس روی شهرت خود تمرکز کرد. در حالی که او مشغول بود، شرکت افت کرد.
وقتی کلیشه ها برانگیخته می شوند، ذهن مردم را با نگرانی های پنهانی در مورد تأیید کلیشه پر میکنند.
همین محقق دریافت که مدیرانی که خود را نابغه یا باهوش می دانند، تیم های بزرگی نمی سازند. آلبرت دانلپ، متخصص چرخش شرکتی که همیشه آماده بود دوباره خود را ثابت کند. او نیمی از کارمندان را اخراج کرد و دید که سهام آنقدر افزایش یافت که نتوانست شرکت را بفروشد. او افرادی را که با او مخالف بودند اخراج کرد و مجبور شد درآمد خود را افزایش دهد. در عرض سه سال او را برکنار کردند.
مدیران با طرز فکر رشد در نقطه مقابل قرار دارند. به عنوان مثال، جک ولش را در نظر بگیرید که در سال 1980 کنترل جنرال الکتریک را به دست گرفت، زمانی که ارزش آن 14 میلیارد دلار بود. بیست سال بعد، ارزش 490 میلیارد دلاری داشت.
ولش با اعتراف به اینکه نابغه نیست و قول داد که آماده یادگیری است، جایگاه برتر جنرال الکتریک را به دست آورد. او تصمیم گرفت تا امکان ورودی برای کارمندان بیشتری ایجاد کند و موانع داخلی خودسرانه را از بین ببرد. او اغلب با کارمندان خط مونتاژ ملاقات می کرد تا نظرات آنها را دریافت کند.
او یک بار در یک باشگاه کوچک درباره مدیران ارشد جنرال الکتریک صحبت کرد و در مورد برنامه ها و فعالیت های گروه پرسید. حدود یک ماه بعد، رئیس باشگاه اعلام کرد که اعضا برای جامعه داوطلب خواهند شد و باشگاه عضویت خود را باز خواهد کرد. دو دهه بعد، 42000 عضو داشت.
ولش همچنین چهار مدیر را اخراج کرد که به اهداف مالی خود دست یافتند، اما به ارزش های جنرال الکتریک عمل نکردند. او زمانی که جنرال الکتریک کیدر، پیبادی و کو را خرید، اشتباه پرهزینه ای مرتکب شد، اما از آن درس گرفت. این خرید صدها میلیون دلار برای جنرال الکتریک هزینه داشت و به ولش مرز بین شکست و اعتماد بیش از حد را آموخت.
رهبران خوب، میل به یادگیری دارند. مطالعات نشان داد که چیزی به نام “رهبر طبیعی” وجود ندارد. مردم با تغییر خود رهبر می شوند. به جای تلاش برای شناسایی رهبران آینده با “استعداد طبیعی” آنها، شرکت ها باید نامزدهای رهبری را بر اساس پتانسیل توسعه فردی آنها تشخیص دهند و سپس به آنها فرصت هایی برای یادگیری مهارت های جدید بدهند.
در واقع، زمانی که شرکت ها به کارکنان فرصت های جدیدی برای یادگیری می دهند، افراد را قادر می سازند تا پیشرفت کنند، درآمد بیشتری کسب کنند و برای چالش های زندگی آمادگی بیشتری داشته باشند.
در عشق و جنگ
واکنش افراد با طرز فکر باز در روابط شخصی متفاوت از افراد دارای طرز فکر ثابت است. افراد با طرز فکر ثابت به دنبال وابستگی های خود به خود و جدایی چشمگیر هستند. آنها در بخشش کند هستند، زیرا این می تواند یک ضعف در نظر گرفته شود یا خطر طرد شدن را به همراه داشته باشد.
وقتی روابط بد می شود، افراد با طرز فکر ثابت مجبور می شوند شریک زندگی خود را سرزنش کنند. آنها هر گونه سرزنش شخصی را منحرف می کنند. در موارد شدید، یک فرد می تواند آنقدر رقابتی باشد که دستاوردها و هویت شریک خود را تحت الشعاع قرار دهد.
جهان بینی شما بسته به نحوه تفسیر وقایع و واکنش شدید شما می تواند منبع شادی یا اضطراب باشد. افرادی که طرز فکر ثابتی دارند، تمایل به قضاوت دارند. روانشناسان از شناخت درمانی استفاده کرده اند تا افراد را تشویق کنند تا از خود بپرسند چرا درباره دیگران قضاوت افراطی می کنند و آیا نظرات آنها موجه است یا خیر. این یکی از راه های شکستن چرخه طرز فکر ثابت و باز کردن مسیرهای جدید برای رشد است.Popular Science Monthly/Volume 3/August 1873/Lowly Vegetable Forms
LIFE is everywhere. "Nature lives" says Lewes; "every pore is bursting with life; every death is only a new birth; every grave a cradle." "The earth-dust of the universe," says Jean Paul, "is inspired by the breath of the great God. The world is brimming with life; every leaf on every tree is a land of spirits." The tendency to vegetate is a ceaseless power. It has been in operation from the earliest ages of the earth, ever since living beings were capable of existing upon its surface; and so active in the past history of the globe has been this tendency, that most of the superficial rocks of the earth's crust are composed of the remains of plants. It operates with undiminished and tireless energy still. Vegetation takes place upon almost every substance; upon the bark of trees, upon naked rocks, upon the roofs of houses, upon dead and living animal substances, upon glass when not constantly kept clean, and even on iron which had been subjected to a red heat a short time before. Zoologists tell us, when speaking of animalcules, that not a drop of stagnant water, not a speck of vegetable or animal tissue, not a
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. Zaten eldeki belgelere göre Falkenhayn, gelirken beraberinde getirdiği büyük miktardaki Borç Parayı Arap Şeyhlerine dağıtarak onları para ile satın alarak nüfuz kazanmaya çalışıyordu. Bu nedenle vuruşma sonucunda kazanılacak zaferin sonucunda Almanya kazançlı çıkacaktı. Eğer kaybedilirse Osmanlı kaybedecekti ve sonuçta Araplar üzerindeki Osmanlı egemenliği sona erecekti. Fakat bundan da yine Almanya kazançlı olacaktı. Çünkü İngiltere burada egemenliği devam ettirebilmek için çok sayıda asker bulunduracak. Almanya 'da batı cephesinde rahatlayacaktı. Mustafa Kemal Paşa bu askeri yapılanmada ve harekât planlarında Falkenhayn, Almanya'nın savaş amaçlarına, siyasi ihtiraslarına ve entrikalarına göre hazırladığını gördüğü için 20 Eylül 1917 günü yöneticileri uyarmak amacı ile bir rapor hazırlar. Ayni gün bu raporu Sadrazam Talat Paşa ile Enver Paşa ve Cemal paşalara gönderir.Prima di decidere sulla rimozione chirurgica di un'ernia, la maggior parte delle persone si sottopone a tutti i possibili tipi di trattamento conservativo. Tutto inizia di norma con un trattamento medico. Un certo numero di pazienti riesce ad alleviare il dolore e tornare alla vita normale, ma a volte ricadono le ricadute. Molti cercano aiuto dai terapisti manuali. Ed ecco come è fortunato. Uno aiuta, almeno per un po ', gli altri peggiorano. Tutto dipende dalla competenza del medico e dalle caratteristiche dell'organismo. Chi vuole in particolare recuperare senza chirurgia e ha una buona base materiale, esperimenti con sanguisughe, omeopatia, agopuntura. Avendo attraversato tutte le fasi del trattamento e non ottenendo un risultato, inizia a pensare all'operazione che gli è stata offerta da un neurochirurgo nella fase iniziale del trattamento. È spesso possibile trovare opinioni su Internet che un'operazione sia possibile solo quando è completamente insopportabile (soprattutto per gli specialisti che offrono servizi di trattamento di ernia alternativi). Le opinioni divergono sul fatto che sia giusto aspettare i disordini pelvici o la paresi degli arti per iniziare. Dopotutto, questi processi non sono sempre reversibili. E se sopportare il dolore per molti mesi. Coloro che hanno avuto dolore alle gambe radicolari mi capiranno. Puoi confrontarlo con un forte mal di denti, mentre nessun antidolorifico aiuta.
Quando viene presa la decisione di intraprendere un'operazione, il paziente inizia a cercare dove farlo e quale metodo è meglio scegliere. Se il paziente può scegliere il luogo di intervento, il tipo di operazione dipende interamente dalla decisione del neurochirurgo. Il paziente può solo fidarsi, seguire tutte le raccomandazioni e sperare nel recupero.
Recentemente sono comparsi nuovi metodi minimamente invasivi per la rimozione delle ernie intervertebrali. Considera l'ernia del disco endoscopica. Cercherò di combinare i dati dei siti delle cliniche stesse, che eseguono queste operazioni, ricerche mediche e statistiche, nonché la mia esperienza personale.
Per cominciare, il costo di un'operazione del genere è piuttosto alto, ogni clinica stabilisce il suo prezzo. Negli ospedali pubblici ordinari, la disponibilità di tali apparecchiature è rara, il più delle volte tali servizi sono offerti da ospedali specializzati, istituti o grandi cliniche private. Ad esempio, a Dnepropetrovsk nella Clinica per la medicina di famiglia per questo sarà chiesto 14 mila grivna, che è di circa 55 mila rubli.
L'operazione viene eseguita utilizzando uno speciale endoscopio spinale. Un'ernia o un sequestro vagamente disteso viene rimosso attraverso il forame intervertebrale laterale. Per installare il tubo sulla pelle è una lunghezza di taglio di 5 mm. Muscoli, fascia e legamenti non sono danneggiati, vengono smembrati utilizzando un sistema di divaricatori tubolari con un aumento di diametro da 2 a 7,5 mm. L'operazione procede quasi senza sangue e dura solo 40-50 minuti. I pazienti possono tornare alla modalità normale dopo tre settimane. Il rischio di complicanze è solo del 10%. Allettante, giusto? Quindi in pratica scrivono sui siti delle cliniche che conducono questa operazione. E 'davvero così semplice e semplice, o i neurochirurghi non parlano molto? Dopotutto, questo è un tipo di business. Compriamo un servizio e i neurochirurghi lo vendono a noi. Non dovresti essere così credulone, specialmente quando si tratta della tua salute.
Iniziamo in ordine. Come con qualsiasi intervento chirurgico, la rimozione endoscopica di un'ernia del disco richiede la preparazione. Assicurati di avere dati CT o MRI. Saranno necessari anche esami del sangue e delle urine. Ci possono essere alcune differenze nella necessità di analisi.
Fornisco un elenco approssimativo di test per l'operazione:
- Analisi delle urine
- Analisi del sangue generale
- Gruppo sanguigno e fattore Rh
- Ginecologo di consultazione, terapista
L'operazione viene eseguita principalmente in anestesia locale (spinale). Prima dell'operazione, non puoi bere e mangiare 6-8 ore. Inoltre, ci sarà una conversazione con un anestesista, che farà una serie di domande sulla presenza di malattie croniche, reazioni allergiche e chiederà di firmare il consenso all'operazione.
Prima dell'anestesia spinale, un catetere viene posto in una vena e vengono avviati fluidi per via endovenosa. Questo è necessario per non causare complicazioni da anestesia. Non pensare che l'anestesia spinale sia completamente innocua e non abbia complicanze. Certo, è più benigno rispetto all'anestesia tracheale, ma può ancora causare complicazioni molto spiacevoli. La complicazione più comune è il mal di testa. E sebbene le statistiche forniscano dati che si verificano nel 3% dei casi, è difficile raccogliere dati precisi, perché il paziente torna a casa il giorno successivo e il suo ulteriore stato non viene sempre preso in considerazione. La cefalea ha una differenza caratteristica: aumenta in posizione eretta e diminuisce o scompare in posizione orizzontale. Sbarazzarsi dei suoi semplici antidolorifici non può. Solo il cerotto epidurale è efficace: il sangue viene prelevato da una vena e iniettato nel luogo in cui è stata somministrata l'anestesia. Ma gli anestesisti non suggeriscono in modo particolare questo metodo (o non possono o non vogliono), preferendo lasciare che il paziente ne soffra. La buona notizia è che il dolore scompare da solo in 7-10 giorni. Per qualche ragione, gli anestesisti non avvertono di questa complicazione.
Durante l'operazione stessa, il dolore non si sente. Il fatto che duri 40-50 minuti non corrisponde sempre alla realtà. Se il caso è complesso, può durare fino a due ore. Se l'operazione è stata eseguita al mattino, poi alla sera il paziente può già essere rilasciato a casa, ma più spesso se ne vanno per la notte. Quindi il medico valuta i risultati dell'operazione, formula raccomandazioni appropriate e scrive. Dopo l'operazione, c'è solo una sutura che dovrà essere rimossa nella clinica il 10 ° giorno. Supervisione obbligatoria al neuropatologo su una residenza. Da farmaci prescritti trental 10 giorni, neuromedina 1 mese, furosemide e desametasone 3 giorni. Riguardo a quando è possibile vivere come al solito, c'è una discrepanza con le tre settimane promesse. Assegnare una restrizione di attività fisica e inclinazioni per due mesi e indossare un corsetto rigido per 1,5 mesi. Dopo due mesi puoi andare a nuotare, fare ginnastica. In modo che la riabilitazione rapida promessa non possa sempre essere sperata. Forse alcuni non saranno d'accordo con me e diranno che gli viene assegnata una modalità completamente diversa. Sulla base dell'esperienza personale. Va tenuto presente che il tempo della riabilitazione finale è prescritto dal medico curante.
Particolarmente importante è il corretto programma di riabilitazione dopo l'intervento chirurgico. I medici dicono che la maggior parte delle complicanze dopo l'intervento chirurgico sono causate proprio dal comportamento sbagliato del paziente, dagli errori nella terapia conservativa e dal programma di riabilitazione. Sebbene, per essere obiettivo, in quanto tale, il programma di riabilitazione è completamente assente. È importante che il paziente sia informato sulle caratteristiche del periodo postoperatorio, sulle possibili complicanze. È richiesto anche il meccanismo di feedback del paziente con neurochirurgo, riabilitatore e neuropatologo. Tutti questi link sono sparsi in lontananza. Un paziente può ricevere un trattamento complesso solo in grandi centri medici sulla base di istituti. Questo servizio è tutt'altro che alla portata di tutti, quindi il paziente è rimasto solo con i suoi problemi. Data l'importanza del programma di riabilitazione, è necessario prestare particolare attenzione a questo, pertanto non considereremo tutte le fasi nel quadro di questo articolo, ma lo individueremo in un articolo separato.
Vorrei prendere in considerazione possibili complicanze postoperatorie dopo la chirurgia endoscopica. Le cliniche che conducono operazioni, dichiarano molto secchemente che il rischio di possibili complicanze è di circa il 10%. Cosa si nasconde dietro queste cifre e quanto sono oggettivi, come sono stati condotti gli studi? Questa informazione è quasi assente. Non particolarmente le cliniche vogliono diffondersi sulle complicazioni e sul successo. Forse perché queste operazioni vengono eseguite non molto tempo fa e il monitoraggio dei pazienti postoperatori non è incluso nei servizi delle cliniche. Ma ancora, alcune istituzioni conducono questa ricerca.
Secondo alcuni dati, i pazienti che vengono operati utilizzando una tecnica endoscopica hanno maggiori probabilità di sviluppare recidive di ernia nel periodo a lungo termine rispetto ai pazienti che sono stati operati con un metodo microchirurgico.
Tutte le complicanze sono suddivise in generali chirurgiche e specifiche.
Dopo l'intervento chirurgico, può verificarsi anche un ematoma del tessuto molle minimamente invasivo nell'area di intervento. La complicazione non richiede un trattamento speciale, ma il disagio è garantito. Traumi alla colonna vertebrale, l'infezione è estremamente rara.
Tra le complicazioni specifiche il più spesso c'è una ripetizione di un'ernia del disco gestito e un'epidurite scar-adesivo. Forse lo sviluppo dell'instabilità del segmento motorio vertebrale, la stenosi degenerativa del canale spinale. Tutte queste complicazioni portano al ri-sviluppo del dolore. Il vantaggio della chirurgia endoscopica, secondo i medici, è che dopo di esso, l'instabilità del segmento motorio vertebrale è molto rara. Gli studi dimostrano che la recidiva dell'ernia si verifica più spesso durante i primi due anni dopo l'intervento chirurgico. Una percentuale minore di ricadute dopo cinque anni. La fibrosi epidurale postoperatoria (come assicurano i medici) praticamente non si sviluppa dopo l'endoscopia. Sebbene altri studi, anche l'accesso minimamente invasivo porta ad un conflitto chirurgico con lo spazio epidurale con il suo contenuto e la sacca durale. In risposta all'emorragia e alla dissezione dei tessuti, si sviluppa un processo infiammatorio asettico locale. E già nella sesta settimana, entra nello stadio di formazione del tessuto fibroso. Se la fibrosi epidurale è la causa di una recidiva della malattia può essere determinata dalla risonanza magnetica con contrasto.
È importante ricordare che con l'operazione è possibile eliminare i sintomi della malattia, ma non le sue cause. In modo che l'ulteriore stato dipende interamente dal comportamento del paziente.
L'autore: Elena Vasilyeva
Animazione del processo di ernia:
Ti consigliamo inoltre di studiare le descrizioni e le animazioni di questi tipi di operazioni:
Rimozione di ernia spinale endoscopica
Con la rimozione endoscopica di un'ernia del disco intervertebrale si intende la manipolazione del frammento del disco "caduto" senza incisioni. Tale intervento chirurgico minimale attraverso la pelle con un effetto distruttivo minimo viene effettuato in modo mirato per eliminare il tessuto discale, che è parzialmente spostato oltre la normale area tra le vertebre. Metodo moderno ed efficace per fornire assistenza medica per questo disturbo.
Classificazione delle formazioni di ernia
Secondo le forme di manifestazione della formazione erniaria sul disco, ci sono tre fasi: protrusione, estrusione e sequestro. Si formano sulla colonna vertebrale, a seconda del grado di spostamento e dei cambiamenti a seguito di disturbi del flusso sanguigno in un'area specifica e di un numero di fattori (ad esempio, osteocondrosi). Di conseguenza, c'è una mancanza di nutrizione e il flusso di liquido nei tessuti, e quindi l'apparizione di piccole crepe.
sporgenza
Si osserva nei casi in cui il disco "si espande", causando dolore nell'area circostante, a causa della compressione delle basi nervose ed è accompagnato da sensazioni dolorose (vasi, legamenti, tessuti muscolari). In questo caso, la distanza massima in qualsiasi direzione del piano oltre la fine del disco è inferiore a quella tra i suoi bordi.
estrusione
Il fenomeno della natura extrusive è osservato molto meno frequentemente con "protrusione" insieme con un disturbo nei bordi del materiale discale quando la parte interna (nucleo) cade, trattenuta solo dal legamento longitudinale con la colonna vertebrale. La più pericolosa è la presenza di estrusione nella regione lombare, che spesso porta al dolore nel nervo sciatico.
sequestro
Nel caso in cui la connessione continua con il tessuto discale del materiale spostato sia completamente persa, si manifesta la forma della malattia: il sequestro.
Sintomi di ernia
La manifestazione della presenza di violazioni nei tessuti del disco o la formazione di un'ernia nella colonna vertebrale è spesso accompagnata da una serie di fattori. Sono:
- Dolore pronunciato, che può essere espresso come rottura, prurito, bruciore o spazzamento. La loro manifestazione iniziale può essere concentrata nella regione lombare, glutei o articolazione dell'anca. Successivamente essere dato nella parte femorale o alla caviglia.
- Percezione disturbata di sensazioni sensibili nelle gambe.
- Manifestazione di debolezza negli arti.
- Violazione di attività nella regione pelvica e nei suoi organi (segni di escrezione anormale delle urine con ritardi, disfunzione sessuale).
diagnostica
La risonanza magnetica (MRI) è una procedura metodica piuttosto complicata, ma non pericolosa ed efficace con uno scopo diagnostico. Tuttavia, non è associato all'uso di radiazioni ionizzanti o di eventuali effetti radioattivi di sostanze. Solo le proprietà del campo magnetico vengono applicate insieme agli impulsi di radiofrequenza.
Questo metodo consente di esaminare il paziente nel compartimento a forma di tunnel del tomografo. Oggi è considerato il metodo diagnostico più efficace per rilevare anomalie croniche progressive nella colonna vertebrale e nelle ernie dei dischi intervertebrali in casi speciali.
Il vantaggio di tale esame è di condurre lo studio più sottile e dettagliato di entrambi i tessuti molli e la struttura del disco, compresa la presenza di una rottura della sua struttura a forma di anello, basi nervose e la sostanza del midollo spinale. La percezione visiva dei medici delle aree colpite esclude completamente le ambiguità nella cura di molti problemi nella colonna vertebrale.
A seconda della necessità può essere effettuata:
- Mielografia SCT;
- Per fare una revisione e una radiografia funzionale;
- Effettuare un'accurata valutazione dello stato del tessuto muscolare e delle basi nervose più vicine al danno;
- Disattivare temporaneamente dallo stato di dolore riflesso completo di un collegamento; fare discografia su una base provocatoria.
Trattamento chirurgico
Questo trattamento è prescritto per la diagnosi dei sintomi del dolore che si verificano durante la spremitura per tre o quattro settimane. Viene anche utilizzato nel caso di un aumento crescente dei segni di manifestazione di debolezza, sottrazione, indipendentemente dal periodo di tempo che la malattia richiede. Se viene rilevata una violazione delle azioni nella regione pelvica, la chirurgia viene immediatamente eseguita.
Oggi, i più famosi sono i metodi più associati all'introduzione di una sostanza nella regione addominale del corpo umano. Cioè, per via intramuscolare o endovenosa. Allo stesso tempo, l'effetto dell'intervento chirurgico in caso di degenerazioni nelle formazioni erniali vertebrali si avverte molto più rapidamente e si ottiene una regressione del dolore.
Il più benigno dei metodi esistenti, che consente di eseguire completamente la rimozione di una nuova formazione senza complicazioni nel disco intervertebrale della parte bassa della schiena, è la rimozione endoscopica di un'ernia della colonna vertebrale. Si chiama "percutaneo".
L'operazione viene eseguita utilizzando uno strumento complesso, i cui elementi principali sono una combinazione di ottica ad alta precisione e un canale di lavoro. Per un funzionamento efficace ed efficiente è sufficiente un endoscopio di appena 7 mm di diametro.
La neoplasia intervertebrale viene rimossa attraverso il canale in cui la giunzione tra il midollo spinale passa attraverso la base del nervo. Il dispositivo ottico-elettrone controlla la corsa dell'ago sia al di fuori del canale che in seguito. Quindi viene inserito il tubo dell'endoscopio e un disco e il sequestro vengono parzialmente rimossi, il che preme la base del nervo e causa dolore. Ciò consente inoltre al disco intervertebrale di eseguire correttamente le funzioni di deprezzamento. E a causa della scomparsa della sindrome neurologica radice, i dolori acuti scompaiono.
Tecnicamente, un tale intervento è completamente diverso da metodi simili, quando viene rimosso tutto o in parte l'intero disco vertebrale, inclusa la formazione erniaria. Provoca la compressione del midollo spinale e, di conseguenza, la connessione (splicing)
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120 تا 150 سال تخمین زد.
این خانه مجموعه مفصلی است که؛ در امتداد شمال غربی- جنوب شرقی گسترش یافته. گذری سرپوشیده از میان این مجموعه می گذرد و آن را به دو پاره تقسیم می کند. پاره کوچکتر در شمال غرب قرار گرفته و متشکل از حیاطی در میانه و دو جبهه فضای بسته در دو جانب آن است. این حیاط و فضاهای اطراف آن بخش خدماتی مجموعه است. پاره دیگر یا پاره بزرگتر در جنوب شرقی گذر است و سه حیاط دارد. حیاط بزرگ و اصلی، که در مرکز آن قرار گرفته، مستطیل شکل است و اصلی ترین فضاهای خانه برگرد آن نشسته اند. در جنوب شرقی این بخش، حیاط زیبایی با قاعده هشت و نیم هشت دیده می شود. در میان این حیاط و حیاط بزرگتر، تالاری قرار گرفته است که رویی به حیاط کوچک تر و رویی به حیاط بزرگتر دارد. دیگر حیاط خانه -در گوشه شمالی مجموعه- کوچک و مربع شکل است و چند فضای خدماتی آن را احاطه کرده اند.
این خانه دو ورودی دارد، یکی در جبهه شمال شرقی و دیگری در شرقی ترین نقطه مجموعه. زیباترین بخش خانه، حیاط هشت و نیم هشت و فضاهای اطراف آن است. یک ضلع این حیاط در جوار کوچه است و همه آن را طاق نمایی بلند فراگرفته که به ایوانی کم عمق شبیه است. دیگر اضلاع این حیاط هر یک به یک تالار یا اتاق اختصاص دارد و راهروهای ارتباطی در چهار کنج حیاط نشسته اند. به این ترتیب، اضلاع بزرگ این هشت و نیم هشت به فضاهای اصلی و اضلاع کوچک به فضاهای خدماتی و ارتباطی اختصاص یافته است.
نماهای این حیاط بسیار زیبا و پرتراش است. یکی از نکات جالب این نماها، ترکیب جالب قوسهای جناغی و کلیل است. دهانه ایوان کم عمق پشت به کوچه و ایوان اصلی قوسهای کلیل دارند و قابهای اضلاع کوچک کنج حیاط قوسهای جناغی زیبا. به این ترتیب، در هر دو سوی دهانه های عریض و کم خیز و بدون رأس، که قوس کلیل دارند، قوسهای تیزه دار جناغی قرار دارد. با این تفاوت در میان اشکال مجاور، هر یک دیگری را به صدا درآورده و برجسته کرده و تشخص بخشیده است. باید توجه داشت که چنانچه در همه جا اشکال مشابه به کار می رفت، توجه مخاطب به اجزای نما برانگیخته نمی شد؛ لیکن با این تمهید ساده، وقتی در نماهای این حیاط با قوسهای آشنای ایرانی روبه رو می شویم، گویی هر یک را نخستین بار است که می بینیم.
در اطراف حیاط مربعی شکل کوچک شرقی، فضاهای خدماتی قرار دارد که هیچ یک روزنه یا دهانه ای بزرگ به سوی حیاط ندارد. به این ترتیب، در این حیاط، عناصر زیادی برای نماسازی نبوده است؛ یعنی معمار با سطوحی بسته مواجه بوده و با توجه به اهمیت کم این عرصه از خانه می توانسته است از طراحی نماهای آن صرف نظر کند؛ حال آنکه او با قابها و قوسهایی که با چفتهایی ظریف در سطح دیوارها ایجاد کرده است نماهای این حیاط را نیز به بند نظم و وحدت مورد نظر خود کشیده است. او برای این کار ابتدا گوشواره هایی بر فراز کنجهای حیاط نهاده و مربع قاعده آن را در بالای نما به هشت و نیم هشتی متناسب بدل کرده؛ سپس در هر جبهه، با گذاشتن سه قاب در پایین و سه قاب در بالا، تقسیماتی بر روی دیوار بسته پدید آورده است و در نتیجه قابهای مستطیل شکل پایین نقش مقدمه و پایه قوسهای جناغی بالا را یافته اند. با این تمهیدات، معمار مجموعه ای منسجم و به هم بافته در این حیاط کوچک پدید آورده است. او در مرکز حیاط نیز حوض آبی هشت ضلعی قرار داده تا کار تمام باشد و همه جای این حیاط کوچک موزون و قاعده مند به نظر آید.
در میان انواع تالارها و اتاقهای این خانه مفصل، فضایی که بیش از همه جلوه می کند و در انتظام فضایی مجموعه نیز نقش مهمی دارد تالاری است در بین دو حیاط اصلی. کیفیت این تالار متفاوت با فضاهای بسته ای است که معمولا در یک طرف حیاط می نشیند و از آن حیات می گیرند؛ چرا که این تالار در میان دو فضای باز و معتبر خانه نشسته است و از هر دو بهره می برد. به تعبیر دیگر، اگر در خانه سنتی هر حیاط را عالمی مستقل و تمام بدانیم، در این خانه، تالار در میان این دو عالم جای گرفته است و از هر یک حظی می برد. این تالار ورودی هایی نیز به هر حیاط دارد؛ و به این ترتیب، با هر عرصه خانه ارتباط و پیوندی مستقل یافته است. اما همه هستی این تالار از حیاطهای خانه نیست، بلکه خود نیز فضایی کامل و تمام است. قاعده چلیپا شکل تالار سبب شده است که در هر جانب آن شاه نشین هایی رو به مرکز تالار به وجود آید. وجود این شاه نشین ها و نیز سقف گنبدی شکل فضای میانی تالار آن را فضایی کامل و مرکزگرا و مستقل کرده است.
زیرزمین این خانه تالار سردابهای وسیعی دارد که خود فضاهایی معتبر و مهم اند. بخشی از فضاهای زیرزمین( که در سمت جنوب غربی) از حد ملکی خانه فراتر رفته است.You probably have not heard of Morgan-Leary High School.
Its existence is only noted in a single one of Georgia’s educational directories, the 1957-58 edition. Its actual life was even shorter.
Morgan-Leary is likely one of the shortest-lived high schools in Georgia’s history.
Under its name, the school only lasted three months. The reason for changing it was one of the stranger decisions in state school history, too – Morgan-Leary was too cumbersome.
Morgan-Leary, located in Morgan, was named August 14, 1957 at a Calhoun County Board of Education meeting. It was renamed at another Calhoun County board meeting to Morgan High November 13, 1957.
The reason behind the change was explained by the Calhoun County Board of Education in the November 22 Calhoun County News:
“Upon suggestion of the board members from the Morgan district, a motion was made with concurrence from the Leary board member to change the name of the Morgan-Leary High School back to its original Morgan High School. Explanation revealed the name Morgan-Leary High School was impractical because of its length.”
Morgan-Leary was not even the most complicated name in the state at that time; Sardis-Girard-Alexander, which existed from 1952-87 (or 1954-87) in Burke County had two hyphens and three towns and communities incorporated into its name. And there was also Newnan-Coweta County Central High, though that was nearly universally referred to as Newnan Central.
Morgan-Leary was a name change from Calhoun High. Not to be confused with the city of Calhoun, whose high school held the same name, this Calhoun High had adopted the moniker in 1953, when Calhoun County was seemingly on the cusp of consolidation.
Edison and Morgan were going to consolidate in 1953, with the high school at Morgan. Everything looked ready to go, until the state of Georgia intervened.
No public hearing had been set up in Edison, the state said. Five years later, the state would rule similarly when Cleveland and Nacoochee high schools were kept from consolidating in White County.
High schools in Edison and Morgan went back to their previous status. Morgan kept the name Calhoun.
White County was delayed in 1958 and consolidated in 1959. The opposite happened in Calhoun County where instead of being a temporary delay, consolidation turned into a war.
In 1955, Arlington and Edison refused to consolidate and Calhoun County maintained three white high schools for three more years, with the second Morgan High existing for less than one year.
On February 12, 1958, the Calhoun County Board voted for Morgan High’s students to go to Edison for the 1958-59 school year. In return, Edison sent its middle school students to Morgan.
Morgan’s status as a junior high only lasted until 1968, according to the Georgia Educational Directory. The school closed completely that year, with the only school remaining in the town the all-grades segregated school, H.T. Singleton.
Arlington and Edison were gone by then as high schools.
Low attendance caught up with them and the Calhoun County BOE voted to consolidate both in September 1962, with the two coming together in 1963 when a new high school building opened in Edison.
Sources: The Calhoun County News – Aug. 21, 1953, Sept. 2, 1955, Aug. 23, 1957, Nov. 22, 1957, Feb. 28, 1958, Sept. 20, 1962; Georgia Educational Directory – 1953-54, 1957-58, 1958-59, 1967-68.
The football season was not a good one in Morgan in 1955.
Calhoun High, the home team in that locality – not to be confused with Calhoun High in the city of Calhoun – had played five football games through the first week of October. In those five weeks, the squad had been shut out three times and had scored a grand total of two touchdowns.
An October 14 game against equally winless Sylvester might have seemed potential salvation, but not for head coach Wright Wilkins.
Already a small school, injuries had decimated the squad and local interest in football was waning.
Wilkins thought the right thing to do would be to abandon the rest of the season, forfeiting where necessary.
But not so fast.
The Georgia High School Association apparently told Wilkins that Calhoun had to play or else forfeit the guarantees for the contracted games.
In the midst of trying to prove that Calhoun could stay afloat without consolidation, Wilkins had little choice. They had to press on.
“Thus,” said the Sylvester Local, “Morgan has decided to field the best team they have to finish out the schedule.”
In a final jab to Calhoun’s troubles, Wilkins believed it was necessary to move the game from Calhoun’s home field location of Leary to Sylvester. Without local support, Calhoun did not see a home game as being financially worth it.
Sylvester, which entered with a six-game losing streak dating back to 1954, thankfully put Calhoun out of its misery early, rolling to a 25-0 win.
Wilkins and Calhoun managed to finish out the 1955 campaign, though they scored only 20 more points.
Calhoun played a partial schedule in 1956 before giving up football. The high school consolidated with Edison in 1963 to form Calhoun County. No further football would be attempted until 1971.
The 1950s were a momentous time in Georgia. Thanks to the Minimum Foundation
Program and the offers of state money to build desperately needed schools in Georgia, school systems were changing.
The state, wanting to upgrade white and black education, was trying to rid the small, rural high schools scattered throughout its borders and go with something more streamlined and cost effective.
Early days of this program were wild ones. The state had its beliefs about what should happen with the schools. School systems had others. Sometimes plans didn’t quite work out.
GORDON CENTRAL … 30 YEARS EARLIER
A pair of ideas were floated around Gordon County in the early 1950s. One was a total consolidation of Calhoun and the mostly small county high schools of Gordon into one building. The county and city both gave a stamp of approval to the idea in 1950.
However, in December 1951, Calhoun rejected the idea of straight consolidation. To do so would be for the city and county to merge school systems and Calhoun did not want to give up its independence. A contract, though, to bring the smallest of the schools to Calhoun, that was something they could get behind.
Calhoun city specifically mentioned Resaca, Sugar Valley, Oostanaula, Liberty, Belwood and Plainville. Yes, all of those were high schools in 1950s Gordon County. The county also boasted white high schools at Red Bud, Fairmount and Sonoraville. Those three were large enough to stand on their own. The state was OK with that plan, though the Minimum Foundation Program really would have liked to see the school boards merge.
In April 1952, though, the county voted to build a consolidated high school for Resaca, Sugar Valley, Oostanaula, Liberty, Belwood and Plainville. Fairmount, Red Bud and Sonoraville were still left alone. That plan might have come to fruition, if disaster had not struck in December of that year.
On December 15, 1952, Sonoraville’s school burned down. Suddenly, the county needed the money that might have gone to a county high school for a total school plant at Sonoraville. After that, the central high school dream began to fall apart.
Just as the 1952-53 school year was ending, Plainville asked to consolidate its high school with Calhoun. In July, Liberty practically begged to do the same. Despite space being scarce, Calhoun agreed to take on both.
When Calhoun’s needed space came through in 1956 via a new school, the remainder of the small county schools followed: Resaca, Sugar Valley, Oostanaula, Belwood and Sonoraville.
A real Gordon Central finally opened in 1985 for the county students. Red Bud and Fairmount lost their own high schools in 1991. Sonoraville, the school whose building loss perhaps ended the county high attempt of the 1950s, returned as a high school in 2005.
(The Gordon County News – Aug. 3, 1950; Oct. 9, 1950; Dec. 13, 1951; Apr. 22, 1952; Dec. 16, 1952; June 2, 1953; July 14, 1953; Nov. 22, 1956)
NORTH GWINNETT IN BUFORD, DACULA PART OF CENTRAL GWINNETT
There were three situations that would seem impossible now that came out of Gwinnett County’s school building and high school consolidation plans. Two didn’t happen. One did, albeit briefly.
West Gwinnett, a school that existed under that name from 1957-62 initially combined Norcross and Duluth. For a single school year, the two were together, until Duluth talked its way out of the situation. Norcross hung on to the West Gwinnett name for a few years more.
The other two major consolidations officially considered were: (1) Dacula to close its high school and join up with the bustling Central Gwinnett composed of Bethesda (by then a non-high school), Lilburn and Lawrenceville. And (2), North Gwinnett to be located at Buford, composed of Buford, Sugar Hill and Suwanee.
In December 1954, Gwinnett still had not chosen a site for North Gwinnett. Seven months later, it was announced that a contract that had been agreed upon between the county and Buford’s city system was null and void. The original plans were to alter and add on to Buford High.
No explanation was given by Lawrenceville’s News-Herald, but Buford balking on giving up its independence likely figured in, if it wasn’t the main reason.
Likewise, an exact explanation on when and how Dacula and Lilburn were dropped from Central Gwinnett has not yet been found. Both cities (and Duluth) were objecting to consolidation in 1952.
Lilburn lasted until 1966, when its students became part of Berkmar. Dacula remained small before booming into a very large school of its own.
(The News-Herald – Dec. 18, 1952; Dec. 17, 1954; July 7, 1955)
BARROW COUNTY HIGH
The state thought it was best for the county of Barrow to have a single white high school but with separate city and county boards of education, an agreement had to be made between them. The state heavily requested that these agreements be for 20 years. Full high schools existed at Statham (county) and Winder (city), with several ninth grade-level schools dotting the county.
At an impasse with the city in 1952 because of the length of the agreement, Barrow County made its own plans to maintain a high school. As late as August, the Barrow board decided to consolidate its county students into two sites.
Statham would get Holsenbeck students. Auburn would receive Bethlehem, County Line, Matthews and Victron. A full high school would exist at both sites, but under the single name of Barrow County High School.
The dual-town school would only be temporary, until Barrow County received state funds to build a new high school.
Registration was set for Aug. 28 with school to start Sept. 1. One the very eve of registration, the city and county came to a 20-year agreement. All county high school students (but not elementary) were welcome to attend Winder tuition-free, even those at Statham.
Statham maintained its high school and the county schools stayed the same.
The city and county eventually received funds at different times from the State School Building Authority. Anticipating full high school consolidation, Winder became Winder-Barrow in 1955. Statham closed as a high school in 1957.
(The Winder News – Aug. 21, 1952; Aug. 28, 1952)
BROOKS COUNTY HIGH AND QUITMAN HIGH AS SEPARATE ENTITIES
Brooks County and Quitman city, like many others, existed as separate school districts in the 1950s. Quitman had its own white elementary and high school, Brooks County had three
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ve laminat ile karşılaştırıldığında bile iyi termal yalıtım özelliklerine sahiptir. Fakat en önemli şey, halının yüzeyine dokunmaktan duyulan yüksek konfor ve hoş hislerdir. Üzerinde yürümek bir zevktir!
Halıyı kreş, yatak odası, oturma odası veya koridordaki ahşap zemin üzerine yerleştirmeden önce, çalışma koşullarına dikkat etmeli ve uygun özellikteki ürünü seçmelisiniz. Bu nedenle, koridor için, kirden temizlenmesi kolay olan yüzeyden daha pratik bir zemin malzemesi seçiyoruz. Örneğin, kısa bir şekerleme ile. "Sıcak zemin" için tercihen doğal bileşenlerin bir kaplamasıdır. Ayrıca şunları da göz önünde bulundururuz:
Bir başka önemli nokta - odanın büyüklüğü. Uzunluk ve genişlikteki birkaç noktada oda ölçümleri yapıyoruz ve rezerv için bir miktar ekliyoruz. Böyle bir karar, çalışmayı basitleştirecek ve ek ekler olmadan yapmanıza izin verecektir.
Çalışmaya başlamadan önce aşağıdaki malzemeleri ve araçları hazırlarız:
En başlarda, ahşap zeminin yüzeyini yükseklikler, çatlaklar, çukurlarda kuvvetli farklılıkların varlığı açısından inceliyoruz. Zorunlu bir zeminde ortadan kaldırılmak zorunda kalacaklar, aksi halde halı döşendikten sonra şekil alacak ve sorunlu bölgelerde yırtılamaya başlayabilirler.
Ahşap döşemeyi kontrol edin. Değiştirilmiş çürümüş tahtalar yenileriyle değiştirilir. Kalan panoların ve kirişlerin montajının güvenilirliğini kontrol edin. Eğer sorunlu bölgelerde karakteristik bir çivileme ortaya çıktıysa, bunu kendi elinizle birkaç şekilde ortadan kaldırabilirsiniz. Örneğin, vidalar ile sabitleme veya levhalar arasında takozlar takma.
Bir sonraki aşama küçük boşlukların ve çatlakların giderilmesidir. Bunu yapmak için kirden temizleyin ve mastik, macun ve diğer uygun malzemelerle sıkıca tıkanmış.
Macun boşlukları için kesinlikle ahşap için özel bir macun kullanıyoruz.
Küçük düzensizlikler bir engel değildir, çıkıntı yapan vidalara ve tuvali yırtılabilecek tırnaklara dikkat etmek daha önemlidir. Bunlar mutlaka ağaçlara batırılır. Zeminin yüzeyini özel bir makine ve bir düzlemle öğütme işleminde büyük düzensizlikler giderilir.
Daha ciddi kusurların giderilmesi ve tabanın hizalanması, iki tabaka halinde yapılması gereken kontrplak ile gerçekleştirilir. Tercihen neme dayanıklı malzeme verilir. Kontrplağın dört köşesinin bir noktada birleşmesini önlemek için, satırlar arasında bir sapma yaparız. Yani, levhaları tuğla yöntemine göre istifliyoruz. Onları PVA tutkal ile tutturun ve ek olarak vidalarla sabitleyin.
Alt tabaka hizalamadan sonra serilir. Zemine düzgün bir şekilde yayılır ve kalan küçük taban kusurlarını gizlemeye yardımcı olur. Bu nedenle, bu aşamada, düzensizliklerin oluşmasını engellemeye çalıştık, malzemenin katmanlanması.
Sistemin üzerine “halı döşenmesi” halı döşenmesi, substrat kullanılmadan gerçekleştirilir!
Sentetik materyallerden yapılmış bir alt tabaka aşağıdaki özelliklere sahip olmalıdır:
Belirtilen tüm gereklilikleri karşılayan bir alt tabaka, hoş olmayan kokuların oluşmasını, tuvalin nemini ve hizmet ömrünü uzatacaktır. Eksiklikleri giderdikten ve temeli hazırladıktan sonra halı çeşitli şekillerde döşenebilir.
Teknolojinin seçimine bakılmaksızın, halı ilk önce iç mekana dağılır ve birkaç gün boyunca oda sıcaklığında bırakılır. Bu süre boyunca, tuval düzleştirilecek ve zemine eşit olarak dağıtılacaktır. Halı aynı renkte ise, tüm ağı yapıştırıcı içermeyen veya yapıştırıcı içermeyen bir yöntem seçiyoruz. İkinci seçenek, küçük bir oda için en iyi çözümdür.
Bu durumda, rulo zeminde açılır, bir kaide yardımıyla düzleştirilir ve duvara sabitlenir. İlk olarak, odanın uzunluğuna yerleştirilen süpürgelikleri tamir ettik ve ancak o zaman genişlikte bulunan süpürgelikler. Geniş odalarda, birkaç parçayı istiflerken ya da çok sayıda kenar ve bağlantı olduğunda, bunları sabitlemek için çift taraflı bant kullanırız.
Halı döşemenin başlıca yöntemleri:
Tutkal teknolojisini seçtikten sonra işi aşağıdaki sırayla gerçekleştiriyoruz:
Odanın alanı 20 m 2'yi aşarsa tutkal döşenmesi haklı çıkar!
Bu teknoloji aynı zamanda zeminde farklı malzemelerin parçalarını döşemek için de idealdir. Bunu yapmak için, detayları önceden hazırlarız - işaretleriz ve boyutlarını keseriz. Boşlukların kenarları özel bir dikişle işlenmelidir. Parçaların katlanması sürecinde kazık yönünü dikkate alın ve resmi mümkün olduğunca doğru seçin. Son olarak, malzemeye nem girmesini önlemek için, tüm eklemleri renksiz tutkalla kapatırız.
Yapışkan yöntemin avantajı:
Bu yöntemin dezavantajları:
Serbest döşeme halısı en ekonomik yöntemdir. Sabitleme halıları Önemli olan, her iki tarafta 15 cm'yi geçmemesi gereken tahsislerin varlığıdır.
Halı, merkezden başlayarak, özel bir rulo kullanarak veya ellerin yardımıyla düzeltilmelidir.
Yüzeyi dikkatlice pürüzsüz hale getirin, ancak fazla malzemeyi kestikten sonra. Kalan halı bezlerle tutturulmuş. Bir somun veya metal bir ray kullanarak kapının yanında sabitliyoruz.
Bu yöntemin avantajları:
Yapışkan bant kullanılarak yapılan montaj oldukça hızlı bir şekilde gerçekleştirilir ve ek maliyet gerektirmez. Çift taraflı bant alın. Zeminde 50x50 cm ebatlarında bir ızgara oluşturuyoruz.. Izgarayı oluşturduktan sonra yapışkan bandın dış kısmını çıkardık ve hemen halıyı yapıştırıyoruz. Oluşan fazlalık, kurulumun tamamlanması üzerine kesilir. Döşemenin serbest bir şekilde yapıldığı gibi, her iki tarafa da ödenek ayırdığınızdan emin olun.
Bu yöntemin avantajları:
Esneme. Metot, ilave fiksasyon olmaksızın, odanın etrafındaki halıyı gerdirmeyi içerir. Bunu yapmak için, tutucuları odanın çevresine yerleştirerek kullanırız. Ahşap çivileri de çivi ile hazırlarız.
Çivi mutlaka 45 derecelik bir açıya sahip!
Yardımcı elemanlar monte edildiğinde, alt tabakanın kurulumuna geçin. Ancak o zaman, halıyı özel ekipmanlarla gerdiriyoruz ve rayların yardımıyla düzeltiyoruz. Bu yöntemi kullanarak daha fazla güç ve güvenilirlik elde etmenizi sağlar, ancak uzmanların yardımı olmadan ve gerekli araçların kullanılabilirliği yapamazsınız.
Gördüğünüz gibi, tüm temel hazırlık ve döşeme işleri kendi başınıza yapılabilir. Ana şey, kurulum teknolojisi, doğru seçilmiş zemin ve yüzey hazırlama yöntemi bilgisidir; bu, mükemmel düzeyde zemin ve uzun servis ömrü şeklinde başarılı bir sonuç garantisidir.
Halı - yumuşak döşeme, pratik, güzel ve hoş bir dokunuş. Yüzeye çeşitli şekillerde tutturulmuş sağlam bir tuvaldir. Halı döşemede özel zorluklar oluşmayacak, ancak çoğu durumda teknolojinin ihlali hızlı aşınmasına yol açıyor. Bu nedenle, zeminleri kendi işinizle döşemeden önce odayı, zemin yüzeyini ve malzemenin kendisini dikkatli bir şekilde hazırlamak önemlidir. En yaygın hatalardan nasıl kaçınılacağımızı anlamaya çalışalım.
Halı, saklama koşulları, nakliye ve kurulum açısından oldukça kaprislidir. Her şeyden önce havanın sıcaklığı ve nemi ile ilgilidir.
Dairede halı döşemeye başlamadan önce odanın olduğundan emin olun:
Odadaki optimum hava sıcaklığı 18–27 ° C'dir ve nem oranı% 75'e kadardır.
Halı tabanını döşemeden önce dikkatlice hazırlanmalıdır. Birkaç koşul gereklidir:
Şimdi halı montajı için farklı alt zeminlerin hazırlanması arasındaki farkı daha ayrıntılı olarak inceleyelim.
Halıyı beton zeminine doğru şekilde yapıştırmak için tabanı aşağıdaki şemaya göre hazırlamanız gerekir:
Halıyı ahşap zeminlere döşemeden önce de hazırlanmalıdır:
Üst katın döşenmesinden sonra odanın kapılarının serbestçe açılıp kapanmasını sağlamak önemlidir. Genellikle, önce bir sunta koymak ve sonra gerekirse kapının altını keserler.
Halıyı kontrplak zemine yapıştırmadan önce, yapıştırıcı bileşimin bu malzeme için uygun olup olmadığını kontrol edin. Üstatlar, PVA veya elastik iki bileşenli poliüretan yapıştırıcıyı tavsiye eder.
Döşeme halısı sadece temiz ve yağsız muşambalarda üretilir. Bu malzemenin kendisi su geçirgen olmadığından ve çoğunlukla düz hazırlanan bir yüzeye oturduğundan, yumuşak bir kaplamanın kurulumu basitleştirilir.
Bu önemli! Halıyı zemine döşemeden önce, muşamba ile örtülü olarak, ikincisinin alt zemine kabarcıklar ve dalgalar olmaksızın tam olarak oturduğundan emin olun, çünkü bu düzensizlikler kaplama malzemesini etkileyecektir.
Bir döşeme yöntemi seçerken, döşeme ve alt zemin tipini kontrol ederek başlamalısınız. Gerçek şu ki, bir beton taban ve bir ağaç üzerinde kurulum farklı olacak ve bir yapıştırıcı kullanmak için doğal bir malzeme için, sentetiklerin aksine, tavsiye edilmez. Seçilen halının zemine döşenmesiyle ilgili talimatlar üreticiden ambalajın üzerinde bulunabilir.
Bunu kendin yapmanın dört yolu var. Her teknolojinin aşağıda tartışılacak bazı nüansları ve tuzakları vardır.
Malzemeyi sabitlemek yerine süpürgelik kullanarak hızlı, basit ve ekonomik bir yöntem.
Sadece sabit sıcaklık ve neme sahip odalar için ideal olup, alt döşemeler ve tekerleksiz sabit mobilyalarla ideal bir şekilde ayarlanır. Ayrıca, böyle bir kaplama bir yıkama elektrikli süpürgesiyle temizlenemez.
Bu şekilde, eğer yüzey yeterince pürüzsüz ise, halı beton üzerine serilebilir.
Bu yöntem herhangi bir nedenden dolayı uygundur: Laminat parke, parke, karo, linolyum üzerine, ısıtmalı zeminlerle birlikte kullanılan yumuşak bir kaplama yerleştirebilirsiniz. Bu şekilde döşenen halıya göre, mobilyalarınızı güvenle taşıyabilirsiniz. Bu, kaplamayı sıklıkla değiştirmeyi planlıyorsanız idealdir.
Yöntemin nüansı, işin karmaşıklığıdır: halıyı çok nazikçe döndürmeniz gerekir, çünkü viski dokunduktan sonra, düzensizlikleri düzeltmek mümkün olmayacaktır. Ek olarak, bant yüksek nem, sıcaklık dalgalanmalarını tolere etmez.
Firma sabitleme nedeniyle tutkal üzerine yerleştirilen halı, trafiğin yoğun olduğu odalarda dahi daha uzun süre dayanacaktır. Diğer bir artı ise, döşeme işleminde, kaplama bileşimi henüz kurumadığı sırada, kaplamayı dikkatlice pürüzsüz hale getirebilirsiniz.
Dezavantajlar, yöntemin karmaşıklığını ve kapandığında kaplamanın yeniden kullanılmasının imkansızlığını içerir.
Yapıştırılmış alana tamamen kuruyana kadar yürüyemezsiniz ve ayrıca kaplamayı çok sert bir şekilde itebilirsiniz: yapıştırıcı liflere sızabilir ve yüzey hasar görebilir.
Bu yöntem oldukça karmaşıktır, pek çok kişi halıyı bağımsız olarak bağlamak yerine profesyonellere güvenmeye karar verir. Bu hizmetin fiyatı, substratın döşenmesi ve bir alt zemin hazırlanması maliyeti hariç, m2 başına 250 ruble başlamaktadır.
Halıyı tutturmaya başlamadan önce, tabanının yapıştırıcıyı emmediğinden emin olun. Küçük bir malzeme parçası üzerinde bir denemenin yapılması en iyisidir - bu yüzden tuvalin yerleştirilmesinden sonra yığının birbirine yapışmayacağından emin olursunuz.
Merdivenlerde halı döşerken yapıştırıcı metodu optimaldir. Düz açıklıklarda, malzemenin “şelalesini” tek bir şerit kullanarak döşemek uygundur. Döşemenin ikinci çeşidi - “kapak” - spiral olanlar da dahil olmak üzere her türlü merdiven için uygundur. Bu durumda, yükselticiler ile her adım için, kağıt desenleri üzerinde ayrı parçalar kesilir.
Raf tutucular ile montaj, sunulan en pratik yöntemdir. Aynı substratı bırakarak kaplamanın değiştirilmesi kolaydır.
Yöntemin dezavantajı, geniş odalara ve düzensiz şekilli tabana sahip odaların uygun olmamasıdır.
İşin sırası aşağıdaki gibi olacaktır:
Döşeme yöntemleri, dezavantajları ve avantajları ile videodan adım adım talimatlar hakkında bilgi edinebilirsiniz.Se ti piacciono gli aerei e tutte le cose connesse all’aeronautica, devi visitare senza ombra di dubbio il Musée de l´Air et de l´Espace a Parigi nell’aeroporto Le Bourget, a sei chilometri dal centro della capitale francese.
Il museo è uno dei più antichi al mondo: creato nel 1921 da Chalais-Meudon, poco tempo dopo, nel 1973, all’interno del progetto che prevedeva la costruzione dell’aeroporto Charles de Gaulle, gli venne assegnato l’attuale spazio.
All’interno del museo potrete visitare più di 20.000 oggetti e diversi documenti relazionati alla storia del volo, all’aeronavigazione e alla navigazione spaziale dal XV secolo fino ai giorni nostri.
L’obiettivo dietro la creazione di questo museo era creare uno spazio per poter preservare e promuovere gli aspetti relazionati all’aeronautica civile e militare. Le collezioni presentano due aree definite.
La prima è una antica stazione con più di 120 mila metri quadrati e nell’altra, 130 mila metri quadrati, si trova l’antica base della forza aerea dall’altro lato dell’aeroporto.
Se ti piace l’aeronautica e hai voglia di visitare il Musée de l´Air et de l´Espace devi solo affittare uno degli appartamenti a Parigican be defined as the means of operating the valve that depends on the basic
kind of valve.Before choosing an actuator the factors that should be taken into
consideration are size of the valve, its location and function in a system, frequency
of operation, as well as the degree of control desired. A few general type of actuation are gear, hand, chainwheel, spring,
lever, motor, servo,solenoid, gravity, pressure and flow rate of the fluid
media, etc. Generally, a specific type of valve is limited in its operation.For
example the actuators like relief and safety valves are spring actuated, while
the check valves are spring or gravity actuated, however high pressure globe
valves are usually actuated by motors, chainwheels, etc.
valve to be used usually determined by the desired closure member. On the other
hand, the selection of a valve type will typically determine the type of
closure member. Some examples of the common closure members are like ball, gate,
disc, plug as well as pop.
end fitting is quite important for a valve. The kind of end fittings to be specific for a valve is usually
determined by the quality of the piping system into which it must be inserted. A
few most common fittings are like
brazing end, compression, butt weld ends, , flange, flared, hub ends,hose ends,
pipe thread, socket, quick disconnect and solder ends. It is wise to use for
high pressure as well as high temperature conditions. The threaded fitting
should be considered mostly.
nature of the fluid to be carried like the operating pressure, temperature, various
kind of closure member, seat along with the aspects like weight, cost, etc
determine the material selected for valve trim. To deal with high pressure
service and/or high temperatures always consider numerous kind of nickel alloys, steels, titanium alloys or
comparable materials of greater strength.while the control of corrosive liquids
and gases calls for the metal like nickel alloys, stainless steels, ceramic
materials and various plastics. However the steam service believe bronze, cast
iron steel and similar metals.and lastle the nuclear valves call for titanium,
special steels and other alloys developed particularly for this type of services.
Among all the cases stern use conditions, the producer literature should be
consulted to find out the suitability of a exacting valve.
different type of valves have different valve seats.Those may differ in
material,geometry, rigidity, etc. The conical valve seats can provide a wide
sealing surface which minimizes wire drawing. For narrow sealing surface a
conical seat is most desirable type to provide very tight sealing at low
pressures.Where spherical or ball seats have almost same characteristics as a
conical seat. But, they are expensive to produce. Moreover, flat seats are used
commonly in valves that need not be leaktight as they usually do not seal
completely at low pressures.
About Adamant Valves.
Founded in 2002, Adamant Valves, as a global
sanitary valves manufacturer and valves supplier, has grown to become one of
the leading valves manufacturers for high precision stainless , sanitary butterfly
valves, pumps and pipe fittings. Adamant Valves uses advanced numerical control
machine tools, processing and testing facilities to ensure that our products
will meet your expectations for reliable performance
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保守黨高層毋須改變, 但政府要有適當改變, 英國要有新開始.
英國政府爆發辭職潮, 兩天內已有超過40名官員呈辭, 新任財政大臣查學禮上任不足48小時, 也要求約翰遜辭職.به گزارش کرج رسا، پرویز اسکندری با اعلام این مطلب، اظهار داشت: جایگاه های گازی که برای تاکسی ها در کرج پیش بینی شده، طبق دستور رئیس شورای سازمان تنها متعلق به تاکسی بوده و کپسول های این خودروها در آن شارژ خواهد شد.
اسکندری استفاده خودروهای شخصی از این جایگاه ها را غیرمجاز دانست.
وی تعداد جایگاه های سوخت گاز ویژه تاکسی در کرج را چهار جایگاه ذکر کرد و از خودروهای شخصی و رانندگان خواست برای استفاده بهینه از امکانات حمل و نقل عمومی و تقویت این ناوگان، از مراجعه به جایگاه های فوق بپرهیزند.
مدیرعامل سازمان تاکسیرانی در ادامه به بیان آمار تاکسی های فرسوده در شهر پرداخت و تعداد این خودروها را حدود سه هزار و ۵۰۰ ذکر کرد که از عمری بیش از ۱۰ سال برخوردارند.
وی تاکید کرد: کاهش عمر ناوگان تاکسی، یکی از اهداف مهم و برجسته سازمان تاکسیرانی و مدیران آن بوده است و به عنوان یکی از اصلی ترین موارد در سرلوحه کاری این سازمان قرار دارد.
اسکندری از عمده مشکلات موجود به این منظور را اشکال در تامین اعتبار سازمان تاکسیرانی ارزیابی کرد و یادآور شد: اختصاص سهمیه خرید تاکسی به شهرداری ها از طریق وزارت کشور صورت می گیرد.
وی تصریح کرد: در این خصوص نیازمند همکاری و هماهنگی وزارت کشور با کارخانجات خودروساز هستیم که این امر خارج از حیطه اختیارات و توانمندی های سازمان بوده و دولت باید در این مورد تصمیم گیری کرده و وارد عمل شود.Sorun
- Bulaşık makinesi suyu ısıtmıyor.
İlgili olanlar:
- entegre bulaşık makinesi
- bağımsız bulaşık makinesi
Çözüm
1. Cihazınızı sıfırlayın
- Bulaşık makinesinin fişini çekin, 1 dakika bekleyin ve tekrar prize takın.
- Ayrıca panel üzerindeki sigortaları / güç düğmesini kullanarak da gücü kapatabilirsiniz.
- Makineyi yerinden dışarı çekip tekrar geri itmişseniz, hiçbir hortumun katlanmadığından veya ezilmediğinden ve musluğun sonuna kadar açık olduğundan emin olun.
- Bulaşık makinesini çalıştırın, uygun bir program seçin ve başlatın.
- Program normal olarak çalışmaya başlarsa, sorun çözülmüştür.
2. Yoğun bir programı başlatın ve program sona erdiğinde makinenin içinin ılık olup olmadığını kontrol edin.
3. Bir Yetkili Servis Merkezi ile irtibata geçin
Yukarıdaki önerilerle sorun çözülemiyorsa bir servis mühendisinin ziyaretini talep etmenizi öneririz.
Uyarı: Sorun tamamen çözülene kadar ürünü kullanmamanızı öneririz. Ürünü prizden çekin ve tekrar takmanız halinde sorun çıkmayacağından emin olana kadar prize geri takmayın.我有一个早期的明天,”他说,他的衬衫。他把双臂的袖子,把它在他的头上。即使加布里埃尔看着乔拉马球的结束了他的胸部,她无法相信他是离开。当她仍然可以感受和品味他的嘴在她的舌头上。”今天我画你商店的储藏室,”他说,如果她不是站在那里没有她的衬衫。有时候一个。有时这三个。或者更多。”””你怎么——”他停止了他的问题。对于任务的目的并不重要。
一个明显的下降从她的乳头,闪闪发光用手指触摸它。他张嘴想告诉她她巨大的乳房,但所有出来是一个纠结的脏话,他把油珠在技巧和环绕她皱肉。加布里埃尔动摇,把一只手放在他的脖子。她按湿润的嘴唇,轻轻地吸他的舌头在她嘴里。乔在柔软的乳房和光滑的肚子上抹油。他想要她。看着我像二十一完全被摧毁，另有三十处左右受损。基础设施受到了很大的冲击。我唯一想知道的是他们的工作人员遭受了多大的打击。如果我们杀了很多船员，至少一个星期后，事与愿违。
“谁知道他们想申请哪所大学？“不到一半的手在房间里上升。“告诉我们怎么样？“她指着后排的一个男孩，他看上去很无聊。她还不知道，但前一年他一直是Becki的男朋友，他们在夏天之前分手了。现在他们都是单身。Becki刚刚从她父亲在法国南部的别墅里回来。让我相信你，让我在乎，让我爱上这些角色，或者和你在一起。这就是写作的要点，要让读者相信你为他们写的东西是真实的。为了做到这一点，你也必须相信它。
那天晚上，Zoya仔细地打量着她，当他们去巴斯克的晚餐时。它就在商店附近，这是她最喜欢的餐馆。她就是尼古拉斯所说的一切，有趣的，明亮的，兴奋的生活，她的工作意图，但不能排除一切。””他们只是把缰绳从谁是正在他们的便车吗?”””也许吧。也许他可以寄给我们,这样他可以有一个窥视我们,我们会在哪里,但比这更无法控制他们。””在沮丧,Kahlan发出一声叹息。”理查德,”她说,无法阻挡她的疑虑,”我知道很多关于各种各样的魔法和我从来没听说过这样的事情。””理查德•探近再次把她逮捕他的灰色的眼睛。”
她给他们的作业不同于第一份作业。这次的话题是我长大后想做什么，为什么呢？“我希望你认真考虑一下。我想通过阅读来尊重和赞美你。让我笑是没关系的。保持光明，除非你想成为一名殡仪员或防腐工人。一刻钟到八点，她出门了，步行上学。她早上八点准时到达。学生们08:30就到了。她径直走向教室，在房间里紧张地踱来踱去，然后站在窗外望着窗外。那天上午她预计有二十四名学生。有他们所有的桌子和一些备件，房间前面有一张大桌子。
根据Zedd,减去魔术是添加剂的柜台,晚上是一天。然而,这完全是一样的。”指挥减法,加深Rahl一样,是一回事,但出生是另一回事。”很久以前,与现在不同的是,出生与gift-both礼物是常见的。然后大战导致障碍密封从旧的新的世界。这是保持和平这么长时间,但是事情已经发生了变化。她会见了其他的老师，并试图记住他们的部门和科目，以及他们教的年龄水平。她有机会学习她要用的书，所有这些都是由她更换一年的老师选择的。她甚至为她概述了教学大纲，维多利亚已经担心了好几天了。这比她想象的要容易得多，她和其他老师轻松地聊天，并作了自我介绍。英语系是其中最大的一个，有八位老师，他们都比她大得多，而且大多数是女人，虽然有三人是男性。
发展起来点了点头,指着手机商店。”的精确位置Torgensson猎枪小屋。””D'Agosta看着每一个建筑。和抑制肯定会觉得奇怪,如果他们注意到枪。”As-salamaalaykum。”蒂姆说,挥舞着随便用一只手穿过开放的区域。另一方面仍然蜷缩在手枪握。保安招了招手,作为回报,”佤邦alaykumessalamu。””所以关键是不要给他们大量的时间去想它。
就好像刀剑的魔术不愿意增加的需求。””Kahlan认为它在一个时刻。”也许这意味着头痛是不同的东西,这一次。也许他们不是真的造成的礼物。”””即使有些不同,我仍然认为其原因是礼物,”他说。”他们有一个共同点,就是他们最后一次逐渐恶化。”它是什么?”她问。”有什么事吗?””他指着这个影子在他面前。”比赛。十或十二。
他将身体的重量转移到一只脚,将手放在他的臀部。地狱,他甚至不应该站在加布里埃尔的客厅的中间。他应该在他回家的路上,睡个好觉。第二天早上八点他会上讨论被盗古董他看过凯文的客房。她有维多利亚时代的老妇人以前见过的骄傲。这两个年轻女人分开只有四年，维多利亚感到一阵颤抖，感觉到贝基的自信，但她提醒自己，她是这里的老板。他们不知道她有多年轻。
我们不认为你会重复你第一次的错误,””奥康奈尔说。”这是一个可怕的情况是溺水,你惊慌失措。这一次。”。””不。但不太经常和他们的父母在一起。他们已经过去了，他们不想知道另一半的生活。我想他们认为这不是他们的问题。但孩子们有权知道并做出选择。”维多利亚并不反对她，她没有想过这些孩子的生活方式以及这会如何影响他们对世界的看法。
他们甚至没有拼对家人的名字。他们拼写K-e-l-l-y。”他取笑她。”她没有理由这样一个荒谬的概念。难怪他没有告诉她他的理论的全部。然后,Jennsen建议,有人仅仅看的比赛是为了得到一个很好的想法,理查德和Kahlan。Kahlan想到它的方式加深Rahl曾经连接示踪云理查德为了知道他们在那里。
她住在华盛顿，她一直在为甘乃迪政府工作。她又幽默又聪明，还有一个糟糕的厨师，“他笑了，“我对她很着迷。事实上，“他看上去又不舒服了，“我希望你今晚能来和我们共进晚餐，如果你不太累的话。”一年多以来，他们在纽约和华盛顿之间来回往来，直流电Zoya严肃地看着他，希望这次他做出明智的选择。他想跪在她柔软的大腿之间,的香味蜡烛和她的灌装头,把自己埋在内心深处,在那里呆一段时间。想把她的乳头进嘴里虽然他滑进出她的热,光滑的身体。她想要像他一样。所以,为什么不给他们他们想要的东西?吗?但他不能和她做爱。
他可以帮助你。”””Kahlan,你真的相信我们有机会创造使它到Aydindril时间吗?如果没有其他的如果头痛的礼物,我将死前几周我们可以旅行到Aydindril。甚至不考虑它是多么困难一定会通过Jagang军队周围整个中部地区特别是军队Aydindril。”””是的。”””相信我。这没什么大不了的,jr你不知道什么是错误的。”第50章甘乃迪年在商店里对Zoya来说是令人兴奋的一年。Archive/File: holocaust/usa/ihr app.002 Last-Modified: 1994/07/04 "...Once the war ended, App expanded the parameters of his defense of Germany's political demands and wartime behaviors. ... he argued that Germany had not been responsible for the outbreak of the war. ... He now commenced a more serious endeavor: defending and justifying German atrocities. In May 1945, a week after the end of the war in Europe and while news of the liberation of the concentration camps filled the pages of American newspapers, App argued that what Germany had done was legally justified in the context of the rules of warfare. Initially he focused on a few limited atrocities, such as the German massacre of the inhabitants of ... Lidice. When Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich was assassinated in May 1942, the Germans claimed that the villagers of Lidice had helped his assassin. They killed all the men in the village, 192 in all, as well as 71 women. The remaining 198 women were incarcerated in Ravensbru"ck, where many of them died. Of the 98 children who were 'put into educational institutions,' no more than 16 survived. Lidice was razed to the ground.<9> The annihilation of this town elicited an intense reaction from the American public. But, App contended, according to international law the killings were justified because the Germans had executed everybody who aided political murders,<10> and American law would have supported such action. He offered no evidence of how he concluded that the entire village had aided the assassins. Nor did he explain how murdering all the males and one third of the women, incarcerating the rest, including the children, and razing the entire town could be regarded as applications of international or American law." (Lipstadt, 88-89) End-Notes: < 9> S.F. Berton, "Das Attendat auf Reinhard Heydrich vom 27 mai 1942: Ein Bericht des Kriminalrats Heinz Pannwitz." Vierteljahrshefte fur Zeitgeschichte (July 1985), pp. 668-706. See also J. Bradley, "Lidice: Sacrificial Village" (New York, 1972); T. Wittlin, "Time Stopped at 6:30" (Indianapolis, 1965); and "Lidice," Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. <10> App, Morgenthau Era Letters, p. 49. Work cited Lipstadt, Deborah E. Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory. New York: The Free Press (A division of Macmillan, Inc.), 1993.
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Home · Site Map · What's New? · Search NizkorLuteolin, a natural compound found in herbs such as thyme and parsley and in vegetables such as celery and broccoli, may reduce the cancer risk for women who have taken hormone replacement therapy.
More than 100 women die from breast cancer every day in the United States. The odds increase in postmenopausal women who have taken a combined estrogen and progestin hormone replacement therapy—and these women also have an increased risk of developing progestin-accelerated breast tumors.
“In most circumstances, hormone replacement therapies improve the lives of menopausal women and achieve excellent results,” says Salman Hyder, professor in tumor angiogenesis and professor of biomedical sciences at University of Missouri.
“Nevertheless, research has proven that a higher incidence of breast cancer tumors can occur in women receiving therapies that involve a combination of the natural component estrogen and the synthetic progestin.
“Most older women normally have benign lesions in breast tissue,” Hyder says. “These lesions typically don’t form tumors until they receive the ‘trigger’—in this case, progestin—that attracts blood vessels to cells essentially feeding the lesions causing them to expand.”
The new study, published in the journal Springer Plus, shows that when the supplement luteolin is administered to human breast cancer cells in the lab, vessels “feeding” the cancer cells causing cancer cell death are reduced.
As human breast cancer cells develop, they tend to take on stem cell-like properties, which can make them harder to kill. Here, luteolin was used to monitor stem cell-like characteristics of breast cancer cells and researchers saw a vast reduction in this phenomenon, further proving that the natural compound exerts its anti-tumor effects in a variety of ways.
Then, researchers further tested laboratory mice with breast cancer and found that blood vessel formation and stem cell-like characteristics also were reduced in vivo, or inside the body.
“We feel that luteolin can be effective when injected directly into the bloodstream, so IV supplements may still be a possibility,” Hyder says. “But, until the supplement is tested for safety and commercialized, which we hope will happen after further testing and clinical trials, women should continue consuming a healthy diet with fresh fruits and vegetables.”
The early-stage results are promising. If additional studies are successful within the next few years, researchers will request authority from the federal government to begin human drug development (this is commonly referred to as the “investigative new drug” status).
After this status has been granted, researchers may conduct human clinical trials with the hope of developing new treatments for breast cancer in women who have taken combined estrogen and progestin hormone replacement therapies.
Donations to the Ellis Fischel Cancer Center at the University of Missouri funded the work.
Source: University of MissouriMentre l’amministrazione Trump designa il movimento Houthi dello Yemen come organizzazione terroristica straniera, l’ex ambasciatore statunitense in Yemen, Gerald Feierstein, definisce la decisione “un grosso errore”.
“È un grosso errore”, ha dichiarato l’ex ambasciatore degli Stati Uniti in Yemen, Gerald Feierstein. “È soprattutto un problema per il governo degli Stati Uniti più che per il movimento Houthi dello Yemen”.
“Gli Houthi non ne saranno più o meno influenzati. Ovviamente, all’Iran non interessa se designiamo gli Houthi come organizzazione terroristica o no”, ha dichiarato lunedì alla Cnn.
L’amministrazione Trump designa la Resistenza yemenita come organizzazione terroristica straniera in una mossa che diplomatici, membri del Congresso e gruppi di aiuto internazionale temono possa infiammare ulteriormente la situazione sul terreno, ribaltare i colloqui di pace delle Nazioni Unite ed esacerbare la crisi umanitaria del Paese.
In una dichiarazione rilasciata poco prima della mezzanotte di domenica, il Segretario di Stato, Mike Pompeo, ha affermato che il Dipartimento di Stato avrebbe notificato al Congresso la sua intenzione di designare il gruppo come organizzazione terroristica straniera nonché come entità terroristica globale appositamente designata.
Pompeo ha aggiunto che intende anche designare tre dei leader del gruppo – Abdul Malik al-Houthi, Abd al-Khaliq Badr al-Din al-Houthi e Abdullah Yahya al-Hakim – come terroristi globali.
Il capo della commissione per gli Affari esteri della Camera, Gregory W. Meeks, ha invitato il prossimo presidente degli Stati Uniti, Joe Biden, a ribaltare la decisione dell’amministrazione Trump.
di RedazioneFrom our single vantage point in the cosmos, it’s really hard to understand three-dimensional space.
We can easily map stars into constellations in relation to each other, but knowing which are closer and which are further away is a lot harder to measure.
One way to determine the distance to objects in space is by using standard candles – objects of known intrinsic brightness. Astronomers measure the difference between how bright the object actually is, and how bright it appears to us light-years away, and use that difference to calculate how far the light has travelled.
These candles include pulsing stars whose intrinsic brightness is linked to the timing of their pulses, and supernovae with a limited peak brightness range.
Now, astronomers have demonstrated the viability of what seems to be the most unlikely tool
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or digits are Unicode characters)به نقل از خبرگزاری ایسنا : نمایندگان مجلس شورای اسلامی گزارش کمیسیون اقتصادی در مورد عملکرد سازمان امور مالیاتی کشور در نحوه تهیه و اجرای طرح مالیاتی را به قوه قضاییه ارجاع دادند.
نمایندگان مجلس شورای اسلامی در جلسه علنی امروز سه شنبه بعد از استماع گزارش کمیسیون اقتصادی درباره عملکرد سازمان امور مالیاتی کشور در نحوه تهیه و اجرای طرح جامع مالیاتی با ۱۸۶ رای موافق، ۵ رای مخالف و ۴ رای ممتنع از مجموع ۲۴۱ نماینده حاضر تصویب کردند که این گزارش به کمیسیون اقتصادی ارجاع شد.
غلامرضا مرحبا سخنگوی کمیسیون اقتصادی گزارش این کمیسیون در مورد عملکرد سازمان امور مالیاتی در تهیه و اجرای طرح جامع مالیاتی را به شرح زیر قرائت کرد:
طرح جامع مالیاتی از سال ۱۳۸۱ آغاز گردید و براساس گزارشهای حسابرسی تا پایان سال مالی ۱۳۹۷ بالغ بر ۱۵ هزار میلیارد ریال اعتبار برای آن مصوب شده است ولی اهداف طرح شامل افزایش درآمدهای مالیاتی، کاهش هزینههای عملیاتی وصول مالیات، افزایش رضایت صاحبان کسب و کار (تسهیل فصای کسب و کار)، شفافسازی و هوشمندسازی نظام مالیاتی محقق نشده است. کمیسیون اقتصادی مجلس شورای اسلامی با اطلاع از وجود انحرافاتی در اجرای طرح مذکور از جمله اشکالات موجود در انعقاد و اجرای قراردادهای مربوطه، عملکرد و کارایی طرح و همچنین وابسته شدن طرح به کشورهای بیگانه، با بررسی عملکرد سازمان امور مالیاتی کشور در اجرای طرح جامع مالیاتی تخلفاتی را شناسایی و وفق ماده (۲۳۴) قانون آئین نامه داخلی مجلس شورای اسلامی به مجلس گزارش نموده است که خلاصه مهمترین تخلفات احصاشده به شرح زیر میباشد:
در اجرای پروژه طراحی و اجرای سامانه نرمافزاری یکپارچه مالیاتی (ITS): استنکاف از اجرای قانون، با برگزاری مناقصه بینالمللی و تعیین پیمانکار طراحی و اجرای سامانه نرم افزاری یکپارچه مالیاتی قبل از اجرای قانون حداکثر استفاده از توان داخلی و حمایت از کالای ایرانی، عدم پیشبینی مصالح کشور از جمله تحویل کد منبع نرم افزار و همچنین ایجاد وابستگی کشور به شرکت فرانسوی بول، استفاده از نرم افزار Bugilla که به دلیل مغایرت با بند ۳ ماده ۴ مصوبه ۴۰۰/ ۱۲۰/ ۱۲۷ مورخ ۵/۴/۱۳۹۳ سازمان پدافند غیرعامل مبنی بر ممنوعیت استفاده از نرم افزارهای دارای امکان کنترل از راه دور و به روز رسانی خودکار و مصرف غیر قانونی منابع مالی کشور و اقدام به خرید نرم افزار هویت موسوم به Evidian از شرکت فرانسوی بول بدون اخذ تاییدیه قرارگاه سایبری- موضوع مصوبه فوقالذکر سازمان پدافند غیرعامل
در اجرای پروژه انتخاب حسابرسی بر مبنای ریسک: پرداخت کل مبلغ قرارداد بدون انجام تعهدات و اقدامات از قبل تعریف شده و بدون تحصیل اهداف قرارداد و همینطور کاهش اهداف پروژه بمنظور کاهش تعهدات پیمانکار بدون کاهش قیمت قرارداد
در اجرای پروژه طرح ریزی روابط با صاحبان منافع (SRP): پرداخت مبلغ اضافه بدون انجام تعهدات
در اجرای پروژه تدوین استراتژی منابع انسانی و مدل ارائه خدمات آن (HRS): پرداخت ۶۵ درصد مبلغ قرارداد منجر به خلع ید – به دلیل عدم انجام تعهدات- در شرایطی که ارزیابی دستگاههای نظارتی حاکی از انجام ۴۵.۵ درصد تعهدات می باشد در کنار رابطه نسبی مدیرعامل شرکت پیمانکار با معاون مدیر راهبردی طرح جامع مالیاتی
دراجرای پروژههای HR شامل TSP,ORG,RAH : ترک تشریفات مناقصه و واگذاری پروژه بدون کشف و قیمت رقابتی آن هم در شرایطی که دانشگاهها و موسسات آموزشی متعددی جهت اجرای پروژه وجود داشته و همچنین پرداخت مبلغ ۲ میلیارد و ۱۹۰ میلیون ریال به طرف مقابل قرارداد قبل از اخذ مجوز پژوهشی پروژه و همچنین قبل از تامین اعتبار
شرح گزارش:
مقدمه
اصلاح نظام مالیاتی کشور در راستای سیاستهای ابلاغی اقتصاد مقاومتی از سوی رهبر معظم انقلاب و اصلاح ساختار بودجه امری اجتناب ناپذیر میباشد. این اصلاح ساختار نظام مالیاتستانی باید بهگونهای باشد که درآمدهای مالیاتی به عنوان مهمترین منبع درآمدی پایدار دولت در منابع بودجه عمومی دولت شناخته شود. از همینرو استقرار و اجرای طرح جامع مالیاتی به منظور هوشمندسازی و تحول نظام مالیاتی کشور شرط لازم و ضروری برای تحقق اهداف مالیاتی مذکور است. طرج جامع مالیاتی از سال ۱۳۸۱ آغاز گردید و براساس گزارشهای حسابرسی تا پایان سال مالی ۱۳۹۷ بالغ بر ۱۵ هزار میلیارد ریال اعتبار برای آن مصوب شده است ولی اهداف طرح شامل افزایش درآمدهای مالیاتی، کاهش هزینههای عملیاتی وصول مالیات، افزایش رضایت صاحبان کسب و کار (تسهیل فصای کسب و کار)، شفافسازی و هوشمندسازی نظام مالیاتی محقق نشده است. کمیسیون اقتصادی مجلس شورای اسلامی در بررسیهای اولیه انحرافات و تخلفاتی در اجرای طرح مذکور از جمله اشکالات موجود در انعقاد و اجرای قراردادهای مربوطه، عملکرد و کارایی طرح و همچنین وابسته شدن طرح به کشورهای بیگانه را احصا و اعمال ماده (۲۳۴) آییننامه داخلی را تقاضا نمود که اینک گزارش رسیدگی به این تقاضا – ارجاع شده به کمیسیون اقتصادی- جهت قرائت در صحن علنی مجلس شورای اسلامی تقدیم می شود.
کلیات
تهیه و اجرای طرح جامع مالیاتی موضوع ماده (۵۹) قانون برنامه سوم توسعه کشور میبایست با تمرکز بر سه فرآیند اساسی شامل ۱- شناسایی و ردگیری جریان اطلاعات فعالان اقتصادی ۲- پردازش اطلاعات و تشخیص و محاسبه مالیات و ۳- وصول مالیات حقه، منجر به اقتصاد مبتنی بر مالیات و بدون فروش سرمایههای ملی شود. از انجا که طبق مطالعات تطبیقی تحقق این اهداف منوط به استقرار نظام یکپارچه مالیاتی می باشد، طرح جامع مالیاتی در سه فاز اصلی به شرح زیر تعریف شد:
فاز اول- تدوین نقشه راه و تهیه نرم افزار سامانه یکپارچه مالیاتی که در نتیجه آن شرکت دیلویت کانادا عهدهدار مطالعات طرح جامع مالیاتی و تدوین نقشه راه و تعریف پروژه های مورد نیاز برای اجرای طرح جامع مالیاتی گردید. این شرکت مشاور با بررسی وضعیت موجود، چشم انداز مطلوب نظام مالیاتی را تدوین و پروژه های مورد نیاز را تعریف میکند.
فاز دوم- بر اساس پروژههای تعریف شده فوقالذکر سازمان امور مالیاتی قراردادهای بعدی را منعقد نموده و میبایست زیرسامانههای تکمیلی متناسب با این پروژهها را ایجاد و به سامانه یکپارچه مالیاتی الحاق کند.
فاز سوم- تعریف پروژه های تکمیلی مستمر برای به روز نگه داشتن طرح جامع مالیاتی و سامانه های ذیربط
خلاصه بررسی ها حاکی از این است که علیرغم صرف مبالغی حدود ۸۲۴ میلیارد تومان که ارزش حال آن بسیار بیشتر از مبلغ اسمی آن است، متاسفانه اهداف طرح جامع مالیاتی محقق نشده و عملاً صرفه و صلاح بیتالمال رعایت نشده است. از طرفی به دلیل عدم استقرار به موقع و کارآمد طرح جامع مالیاتی سالانه صدها هزار میلیارد تومان از سرمایه بین نسلی کشور، به جای درآمدهای پایدار و پاک مالیاتی، صرف اداره امور کشور شده و همچنین مالیات به عنوان یک ابزار تنظیمگری توانمند در خدمت حکمرانی و کارآمدسازی نظام اقتصادی کشور قرار نگرفته و از این حیث به کشور و اقتصاد ملی آسیبهای جدی وارد شده است.
نتایج تفصیلی رسیدگی:
با توجه به مطالعات اولیه شرکت مشاور دیلویت کانادا ۳۲ پروژه تعریف شد که در ادامه با تصمیمات سازمان امور مالیاتی به ۳۷ پروژه افزایش یافته است که در این بخش به انحرافات ایرادات و تخلفات احصا شده در بررسی نحوه اجرای این پروژه ها پرداخته می شود:
طراحی و اجرای سامانه نرمافزاری یکپارچه مالیاتی (ITS): اجرای این پروژه پایه ای در دو بخش نرم افزاری و سخت افزاری تدارک گردیده است:
الف- بخش نرمافزاری:
نیل به نظام یکپارچه مالیاتی نیازمند نرمافزار مرکزی و خاص این کار بود و از همینرو میتوان اظهار داشت که مهمترین پروژه طرح جامع مالیاتی، پروژه سامانه نرمافزاری یکپارچه مالیاتی (ITS) است که مقرر گردید با بهکارگیری نرمافزاری به نام e-ris پیادهسازی گردد. شرکت مشاور دیلویت پس از تدوین شرح خدمات و نیازمندیهای پروژه سامانه نرمافزاری یکپارچه مالیاتی (RFP)، در برگزاری مناقصه بینالمللی انتخاب پیمانکار سامانه مذکور کمک نموده و نهایتا شرکت فرانسوی بول (BULL) با مبلغ پیمان ۴۷۳۸۰ هزار یورو – که در نهایت ۴۵۶۰۳۹۹۷ یورو در این قرارداد پرداخت گردید- مامور به تهیه و تحویل سامانه یکپارچه مالیاتی می گردد. اجرای این پروژه طی قرارداد شماره ۲۲۱۶۲ مورخ ۳۱/۲/۱۳۸۸ با شرکت بول فرانسه (Bull-sas) آغاز شده و طی ۵ الحاقیه تا ۱۵/۳/۱۳۹۷ تمدید گردیدهاست. همانطور که بیان گردید در حوزه زیرساخت نرمافزاری طرح جامع مالیاتی، یک سامانه مرکزی بعنوان قالب اصلی و هسته مرکزی (Frame Work) تحت عنوان سامانه یکپارچه مالیاتی (ITS) پیشبینی شده است. معماری این سامانه نرمافزاری یکپارچه مالیاتی که در محیط نرمافزاری انحصاری به مالکیت شرکت فرانسوی بول تهیه شده به گونهای است که کلیه فرآیندهای مالیاتی را در قالب ۱۴ ماژول با ویژگیهای مختلف برای نیل به اهداف کلان سامانه مذکور و انجام فرآیندهای مالیاتی از قبیل یادداشت مؤدیان مالیاتی، حسابداری مؤدیان، نامههای استاندارد، موتور ریسک، فرآیند اظهارنامه، ثبت نام، حسابداری درآمد، پرداخت، اعتراضات، گزارشات مدیریتی، مدیریت اسناد، اجرائیات، مدیریت کاربران و حسابرسی، در قالب نرمافزار e-ris (با نام کنونی سامانه سنیم) طراحی و برنامهریزی گردید. در رسیدگی به نحوه اجرای این پروژه و قرارداد آن اشکالات و تخلفات زیر شناسایی گردیده است:
سازمان امور مالیاتی بعد از تعیین شرکت فرانسوی بول، در مواجهه با الزامات قانون نسبت به فراخوان شرکتهای داخلی می پردازد و متعاقبا با اعلام عدم شناسایی پیمانکار بومی، قرارداد با شرکت فرانسوی را قطعی می کند. واگذاری پروژه به شرکت خارجی، با برگزاری فراخوان صوری پیمانکاران داخلی بعد از تعیین پیمانکار خارجی در مناقصه بین المللی، آن هم در شرایطی که در کشور دانش بومی و توان داخلی برای چنین پروژه هایی وجود داشته است از موارد استنکاف از اجرای قانون شناخته میشود. این اقدام غیرقانونی منجر به خروج ارز، تضعیف توان داخلی، ایجاد وابستگی به خارج، ایجاد زمینه دسترسی عوامل خارجی به اطلاعات مهم و استراتژیک مالی و اقتصادی مؤدیان و نفوذ آنان به نظام تصمیمگیری کشور شده به طوریکه حفرههای امنیتی سامانه مذکور مسجل گردیده است و هنوز هم از سوی پیمانکار به سازمان امور مالیاتی تحویل نگردیده و صرفاً امکان در اختیار گیری و استفاده داده شده است لذا استنکاف از اجرای قانون، با برگزاری مناقصه بینالمللی و تعیین پیمانکار طراحی و اجرای سامانه نرم افزاری یکپارچه مالیاتی قبل از اجرای قانون حداکثر استفاده از توان داخلی و حمایت از کالای ایرانی، به همراه آثار اقتصادی و امنیتی آن نیازمند رسیدگی در قوه قضاییه می باشد.
قرار بوده که پیمانکار فرانسوی، نرم افزاری یکپارچه برای اهداف خاص مالیاتی جمهوری اسلامی ایران طراحی و تولید کند اما علیرغم دریافت بهای این کار، نرم افزاری از قبل آماده را – که برای تطبیق با مقررات ایران و فارسی سازی آن تغییراتی داده شده است- به ایران می فروشد در حالی که این نرمافزار کپی شده علاوه بر داشتن ایرادات فنی و مصادیقی از ضعفهای امنیتی نفوذ و حملات الکترونیکی – موارد شناسایی شده توسط کارشناسان مرکز تحقیقات صنایع انفورماتیک- هیچ گاه به سازمان امور مالیاتی که باید به عنوان سفارش دهنده طراحی و تولید، مالک نرم افزار شناخته میشد تحویل نگردید و صرفاً برای اپراتوری در اختیار قرار داده شده و امکان استفاده از منبع برنامه (Source Code) برای اصلاح، به روز رسانی آن و مهمتر از همه اطمینان یافتن از عدم نفوذ بیگانه به آن وجود ندارد. لذا پرداخت ۴۵۶۰۳۹۹۷ یورو از منابع کشور بدون رعایت صرفه و صلاح جمهوری اسلامی ایران، عدم پیشبینی مصالح کشور از جمله تحویل کد منبع نرم افزار و همچنین ایجاد وابستگی کشور به شرکت فرانسوی بول تخلف و نیازمند رسیدگی در قوه قضاییه می باشد.
در ادامه، سازمان امور مالیاتی با هدف جبران تخلفاتی که منجر به بروز مشکلات امنیتی در سامانه(ITS) و همچنین شناسایی و رفع خلاءهای موجود اقداماتی را به عمل آورده است که مواردی از تخلف به شرح زیر شناسایی شده است:
اقدام به استفاده از نرم افزار Bugilla که به دلیل مغایرت با بند ۳ ماده ۴ مصوبه ۴۰۰/ ۱۲۰/ ۱۲۷ مورخ ۵ /۴ /۱۳۹۳ سازمان پدافند غیرعامل مبنی بر ممنوعیت استفاده از نرم افزارهای دارای امکان کنترل از راه دور و به روز رسانی خودکار تخلف بوده و به همراه آثار این اقدام نیازمند رسیدگی در قوه قضاییه می باشد.
دون اخذ تاییدیه قرارگاه سایبری- موضوع مصوبه فوقالذکر سازمان پدافند غیرعامل- و مصرف غیر قانونی منابع مالی کشور اقدام به خرید نرم افزار هویت موسوم به Evidian از شرکت فرانسوی بول نموده است که این تخلف به همراه آثار آن نیازمند رسیدگی در قوه قضاییه می باشد.
از دیگر اشکالات سامانه ITS که علیرغم مصرف منابع ارزی زیاد، نیاز به صرف منابع دیگر را به کشور تحمیل نموده و عاملان آنها باید با رسیدگی و پیگیری در قوه قضاییه به جبران خسارت ملزم شوند می توان به موارد زیر اشاره نمود:
سامانه مذکور به دلیل عدم توانایی بارگذاری خودکار اطلاعات مودیان از دیگر بانکهای اطلاعاتی و ضرورت انجام دستی این کار توسط ممیزین مالیاتی و کاربران، قابلیت حسابرسی، محاسبه و تشخیص مالیات به صورت خودکار و هوشمند را که از اهداف اساسی اجرای طرح جامع مالیاتی میباشد، ندارد. شایان ذکر است که وارد کردن دستی اطلاعات در سامانه نرمافزاری یکپارچه مالیاتی میتواند مفاسدی را به دنبال داشته باشد.
مصرف کاغذ نه تنها کاهش نیافته است بلکه ارزش این مصرف در سال ۱۳۹۷ نسبت به سال ۱۳۹۶ با افزایش ۳۸ درصدی به ۲.۳۳ میلیارد ریال رسیده است.
سرعت رسیدگی در این سامانه نسبت به سامانه های تک منبعی سابق کاهش یافته که بر خلاف اهداف اجرای طرح جامع مالیاتی می باشد. باید اظهار داشت که به همین دلیل برخی از ممیزان مالیاتی در ادارت کل استانی از این سامانه یکپارجه مالیاتی استفاده نمیکنند و یا حتی آموزشهای لازم به آنها داده نشده است.
ب- بخش سخت افزاری:
شرکت صنایع الکترونیک زعیم به عنوان پیمانکار تامین تجهیزات طرح جامع مالیاتی انتخاب گردید و سه قرارداد با جمع مبلغ ۷۶۱۸۰۱ میلیون ریال منعقد و مبلغ یک میلیون و ۱۱۷۶۳۱ میلیون ریال پرداخت گردیده است.
انتخاب حسابرسی بر مبنای ریسک: بر اساس مطالعات شرکت مشاور دیلویت هدف این بوده است که خوداظهاری مودیان توسط سامانه به صورت خودکار و با معیارهای تعیین شده ارزیابی و بر اساس ریسک، وجود اظهارات خلاف در اظهارنامه طبقه بندی شود. برهمین اساس پروژهای تعریف شده تا با معیارهای تعیین ریسک بر اساس برخی فعالیتهای اقتصادی و بعضی از پایههای مالیاتی، اظهارنامههای کم ریسک، شناسایی و از گردونه حسابرسی فوری خارج شوند تا ضمن کاهش حجم کار و کارآمدسازی رسیدگیهای مالیاتی، تمرکز بر اظهارنامههای پرریسک معطوف شود تا احتمال کشف حقایق توسط ممیزان افزایش یابد، اما این پروژه که میبایست قابلیت توسعه دامنه حسابرسی به کلیه پایههای مالیاتی و در تمام حوزههای مالیاتی را داشته باشد نتوانست اهداف تعریف شده را محقق نماید. در بررسی این پروژه -که اجرای آن با برگزاری مناقصه به مبلغ قراردادی ۶ میلیارد و ۱۶۰ میلیون و ۹۰۵ هزار ریال به شرکت فناوران سپهر به عنوان پیمانکار و نظارت بر اجرای پروژه بموجب قراردادی به مبلغ اولیه یک میلیارد و دویست و سی و دو میلیون و صد و هشتاد و یک هزار ریال و افزایش ۱۰۰ میلیون ریالی بعدی به پژوهشکده امور اقتصادی واگذار شده است- مواردی از تخلف شامل هدررفت منابع، عدم رعایت و تحصیل صلاح و صرفه عمومی به شرح زیر شناسایی شده است:
طبق شرح نیازمندیهای پروژه ( RFP) و موضوع قرارداد، بایستی مدل حسابرسی به سایر پایههای مالیاتی موجود توسعه یابد اما پروژه صرفاً با طراحی محدود به پایه مالیات بر درآمد اشخاص حقوقی، تحویل کارفرما گردیده و کل مبلغ قرارداد نیز پرداخت شده است در حالی که اجرای این پروژه با محدودیت مذکور با هزینه بسیار کمتر قابل انجام بوده است. متعاقباً سازمان امور مالیاتی در مواجهه با عدم موفقیت این پروژه در توسعه مدل به تمام پایههای مالیاتی، اهداف اولیه تدوین شده توسط شرکت مشاور دیلویت را متناسب با توان پیمانکار تغییر داده و دامنه موضوعی پروژه را بدون کاهش مبلغ قرارداد محدود می نماید، لذا پرداخت کل مبلغ قرارداد بدون انجام تعهدات و اقدامات از قبل تعریف شده و بدون تحصیل اهداف قرارداد و همینطور کاهش اهداف پروژه بمنظور کاهش تعهدات پیمانکار بدون کاهش قیمت قرارداد تخلف و نیازمند رسیدگی در قوه قضاییه است.
با توجه به عدم تحقق اهداف پروژه حسابرسی بر مبنای ریسک سازمان امور مالیاتی پروژه دومی تحت عنوان انتخاب حسابرسی بر مبنای ریسک بلندمدت تعریف می شود تا بتواند دامنه پروژه قبلی را به تمام پایههای مالیاتی در تمام حوزههای مالیاتی و به تمام اشخاص توسعه دهد. بر اساس ادعای سازمان امور مالیاتی این پروژه بدون تخصیص منابع مالی جدید و از محل توان داخلی و فنی سازمان اجرا و موتور ریسک مورد نظر اجرای آزمایشی نیز شده است و با بهره گیری از هوش تجاری (BI) امکان تعیین رتبه ریسک (Risk
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a dream” sections]:
And this will be the day—this will be the day when all of God’s children will be able to sing with new meaning:
My country ’tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing.
Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim’s pride,
From every mountainside, let freedom ring! . . .
And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.
And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.
Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.
Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.
Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California.
But not only that:
Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi.
From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
And when this happens, when we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual:
Free at last! Free at last!
Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!
The speech begins with an allusion to the Gettysburg Address, positioning itself as its next chapter. Just as Lincoln looked back to the founding as a moment of commitment to ideals that he (reinterpreting them) saw as gravely threatened, so King looks back to Lincoln’s freeing of the slaves as a moment of commitment whose promise is still unrealized. He uses a very mundane and very American image for that failure: the nation has given the Negro people a bad check that has come back marked “insufficient funds.” This insistent appeal to fiscal rectitude is also a way of alluding to America, since Americans so love to think of themselves as characterized by that virtue. It is a way of including the white members of his audience, by alluding to a value that they can be expected to share. They too are part of America; thus King creates a united “us” while also encouraging different members of his audience to respond in subtly different ways.
Throughout the speech, King sounds a note of urgency: the “sweltering summer of the Negro’s legitimate discontent” means that there will be no peace in America until justice is done. And by this allusion to the evil schemes of Richard III, he inspires what he describes: a legitimate, justified anger at the wrongs done by American racism. But he also cultivates in his followers a patriotism that is restrained and critical of violence: they must, in Gandhian fashion, attain moral superiority by forgoing violent deeds. Like Gandhi, who was a major inspiration, he makes nonviolence seem high, “majestic,” and violence look sordid. At the same time, like Lincoln, King appeals to trust between the races, reminding his followers that many white people are present and have joined the struggle for justice: “We cannot walk alone.” By cultivating hope and trust, along with legitimate anger and insistent criticism, he defuses the urge to violence.
The visionary “I have a dream” section of the speech, so well known, is central to the speech’s construction of an image of a future America in which all may join together on terms of equality. But then, immediately following upon this vision of a new America, King returns to national memory and national tradition by quoting in full the famous song “America,” or “My Country ’Tis of Thee.” Very significantly, he now says, “And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.” In other words, the song, which people usually sing complacently, as the account of a reality, is itself prophecy, and its words of freedom must be made true by committed action for justice. Even that complacent song, then, is turned into an exercise of the critical faculties.
The next section of the speech can well be described in the language of jazz, as a series of riffs on the song, as freedom is asked to ring from a series of regions of America. What is going on here? Several very interesting things. First, the image of America is being made concrete and physical by being linked to well-known features of geography. Second, geography itself is being moralized: the mountains of New York are now not just mountains, they are sites of freedom. Third, the body of the nation is being personified in a sensuous, indeed sexy way: the “heightening Alleghenies,” the “curvaceous slopes.” (Thus the invitations to disgust so ubiquitous in malign patriotism are replaced by an embrace of the sensuous reminiscent of Walt Whitman.) But also: the end of the Civil War is finally at hand, as freedom is asked to ring from a series of sites in the South. In a manner reminiscent of Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address, King expresses malice toward none and charity toward all. The note of sly humor as he gets in his dig at Mississippi (“let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi”) is a reminder that bad behavior has not been forgotten; King thus avoids Lincoln’s ambiguity about blame for bad deeds. Justified resentment has, however, been transcended in a surge of joy whose object is the nation of the future.
Like Lincoln’s speeches, King’s ends on a global note: the victory of integration in America will “speed up that day when all of God’s children” will enjoy freedom. Thus critical patriotism melds naturally into a striving for global justice and an inclusive human love.
Lincoln and King express, and inspire in others, a profound love of America and a pride in her highest ideals. They do so, however, while constructing a narrative of America that is aspirational, foregrounding the best values to which America may be thought to be committed, and also deeply and explicitly critical, showing that America has failed to live up to her ideals. Both sound a note of critical yet hopeful rededication. The speeches seem made for critical pedagogy, for they lead naturally into classroom discussion: Where did America go wrong? What might be good ways of realizing the dream inherent in national ideals? How, even today, are we falling gravely short of the promise in our founding documents?Matthew Perry, sono arrivati i risultati dell’autopsia con una verità diversa da quanto tutti si aspettavano. Anche le indagini hanno cambiato strada.
Sono arrivati i risultati dell’autopsia sul corpo di Matthew Perry, il compianto Chandler di Friends. Tutto è andato diversamente da quanto ipotizzato e la polizia ha deciso di percorrere una strada diversa per le indagini.
I risultati dell’autopsia di Matthew Perry
La morte di Matthew Perry non è stata il risultato di un’overdose di Fentanil o metanfetamina, almeno stando ai primi esami. Secondo quanto riferito dal sito di pettegolezzi Tmz, sono in corso ulteriori test tossicologici per determinare la presenza di altre sostanze illegali nel suo sangue e se eventuali farmaci prescritti fossero stati assunti in dosi pericolose. Ci vorranno dai 4 ai 6 mesi per ottenere i risultati completi.
Nella casa dell’attore, al momento della scoperta del suo corpo, la polizia non ha trovato sostanze stupefacenti. Tuttavia, erano presenti vari farmaci con prescrizione medica, tra cui ansiolitici e antidepressivi.
Interrogativi sulla morte di Matthew Perry
La parola ora passa al medico legale: ricostruire gli eventi nel breve lasso di tempo in cui Matthew Perry, dopo una partita a pickleball, è stato trovato privo di sensi nella vasca da bagno richiederà settimane, se non mesi. Ci sono diverse teorie in circolazione, tra cui un possibile attacco di cuore, gli effetti di farmaci che hanno causato la perdita di coscienza, o un malfunzionamento del sistema elettrico della vasca.
L’assistente di Perry era fuori a svolgere alcune commissioni, e quando è tornato era troppo tardi. Il fatto che Matthew non fosse nell’acqua da molto tempo aggiunge ulteriori domande alla tragedia. Cosa sarebbe successo se l’assistente fosse rientrato prima o se qualcun altro fosse stato in casa con lui?
Circa due settimane prima del suo decesso, Matthew Perry era stato visto con un’amica non identificata, ed era stato anche fotografato. Testimoni riferiscono che sembrava di buon umore e coinvolto in una conversazione animata, trascurando il suo pasto.
Il ricordo della sua compagna
Matthew Perry viveva da solo al momento della sua morte. La sua relazione con Molly Hurwitz, iniziata nel 2018 dopo che lui era uscito da un periodo di gravi problemi di salute, era passata da momenti felici a difficoltà nel 2021. Molly ha dichiarato:
“Sarebbe felice di sapere che il mondo oggi parla del suo talento. Io ho conosciuto un uomo diverso. L’ho amato più profondamente di quanto possa comprendere, ma era un uomo complicato e ha causato dolore come non ho mai provato in vita mia”.
Nessuno nella sua vita adulta ha avuto su di lei un impatto più profondo di Matthew Langford Perry.به گزارش «شیعه نیوز»، آیت الله سیستانی احکام و نکاتی درباره خوردنیها و آشامیدنیها بیان نموده اند که به شرح زیر است:
چیزهایی که در آشامیدن مذموم است
زیاد آشامیدن آب، و آشامیدن آن بعد از غذای چرب، و در شب به حال ایستاده مذموم شمرده شده است، و نیز آشامیدن آب با دست چپ، و همچنین از جای شکسته کوزه و جایی که دسته آن است مذموم شمرده شده است.
آداب آشامیدن
چند چیز از آداب آشامیدن شمرده شده است:
اوّل: آب را به طور مکیدن بیاشامد.
دوّم: در روز ایستاده آب را بیاشامد.
سوّم: پیش از آشامیدن آب «بسم الله»، و بعد از آن «الحمد لله» بگوید.
چهارم: به سه نفس آب را بیاشامد.
پنجم: از روی میل آب را بیاشامد.
ششم: بعد از آشامیدن آب، حضرت أبا عبدالله(علیه السلام) و اهل بیت ایشان را یاد کند و قاتلان آن حضرت را لعنت نماید.As Brain Injury Awareness Month continues here in Virginia, we’re very pleased to report a new step in understanding concussions that comes from an interdisciplinary team of researchers at the University of Pennsylvania.
Recognizing that even so-called “mild” forms of traumatic brain injury can result in lifelong damage, the team is using mathematical modeling to understand exactly how the brain becomes concussed. The team includes a professor of material science and engineering, a professor of neurosurgery and a laboratory technician. They have joined forces to figure out how to protect the brain from the effects of traumatic injury.
It’s long been known that brain cells have long, tendril-like parts called axons, which are notoriously elastic. The mystery is why these stretchy, flexible axons would break so easily under brain trauma.
The answer appears to lie with the protein that holds the axons together. The protein is called tau, and it binds together the tiny microtubules that make up an axon. While tau is very flexible, the microtubules are not. And those microtubules are what transport molecular cargo throughout the brain.
Dr. Douglas Smith, one of the members of the research team and director of the Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair, explains it like this:
“One of the main things you see in the brains of patients who have died because of a TBI is swellings along the axons. When [the microtubules] break, there’s an interruption in the flow of this cargo and it starts to accumulate, which is why you get these swellings.”
The Protein Mystery
The next question the team had to answer was why the microtubules break. After all, the stretchy protein tau ought to work like a bungee cord, keeping the microtubules safe even when trauma occurs.
But what they found was that tau is viscoelastic. Put another way, the protein acts a lot like Silly Putty.
“When you add stress to it slowly, it stretches a lot,” said Vivik Shenoy, the engineering expert on the team, in a Phys.org article. “But if you add stress to it rapidly, like in an impact, it breaks. If you’re in a situation where the tau doesn’t stretch, such as what happens in fast strain rates, then all the strain will transfer to the microtubules and cause them to break.”
Nearly any brain trauma essentially causes the brain cells to stretch to accommodate the impact. What these findings indicate is that the speed of that stretch could be the most important determining factor in the severity of a traumatic brain injury.
Promising Steps Forward
The findings from this study will be used, in the short-term, to improve working models of the brain for better diagnoses of injury and to help with designing preventive measures.
Farther down the line, it may even be possible to design drugs that make microtubules less breakable and axons more flexible so that accidental injuries can be lessened.
Long-term, the hope is to help with diseases like Alzheimer’s and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, which are related to degeneration of the tau protein.
For now, it’s exciting just to see traumatic brain injury being addressed by serious, motivated scientists like these.
If you or a loved one have suffered traumatic brain injury and don’t know where to turn, get the help you need from Brain Injury Law Center. We are here to help you seek the compensation you deserve, so that you can have every available resource to help. Call us at (757) 244-7000 for a no-cost, no-obligation consultation, or fill out the form on the left side of this page.Geri Getir Fıkrası
Temel Fransız ve İngiliz arkadaşlarıyla bir uçaktadır. Uçak bir adaya düşer. Temel bir kurtuluş yolu ararken bir lamba bulur ve onu silerken içinden bir cin çıkar, ortaya çıkan cin; benden bir dilek dileme hakkınız var, ne dilerseniz gerçekleşecek demiş.
İlk olarak Fransız söze başlar:
- Beni buradan kurtar ve evime götür, lanet ada, der.
İngiliz:
- Ben buradan zengin biri olarak dönmek istiyorum, der.
Temel birazcık düşünür kafasını kaşır ve şöyle der:
- Haçen ben çok sıkıldım, iki arkadaşı da buraya geri getur!On the Galapagos Islands, where Charles Darwin’s observations led to his evolutionary theory, scientists are now reporting that they’re witnessing a single species splitting into two, according to a new paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
A husband and wife team, Peter and Rosemary Grant of Princeton University, have spent the past 36 years studying Darwin’s finches, technically know as tanagers. Darwin‘s observations of the birds during his voyage to the Galapagos on the HMS Beagle helped him arrive at the idea of evolutionary divergence: when different populations of a single species become geographically isolated, and evolve in different directions. The Grants have pushed that work further, with decades of painstaking observations providing a real-time record of evolution in action. In the PNAS paper, they describe something Darwin could only have dreamed of watching: the birth of a new species [Wired.com]. The process has been taking place with the help of a little bit of chance and a special song.
The split began in 1981 when an unusually large male finch from Santa Cruz island arrived on the island where the Grants were based, Daphne Major. The biologists tagged the bird number 5110, and followed him and his offspring through seven generations total. In the fourth generation a drought killed off all the descendants except one male and one female. These offspring became isolated because they have the avian equivalent of a strange accent. These finches learn their songs from their father, and the Grants suggest that 5110 sang the songs from his birth home of Santa Cruz then modified his come-hither ballad by roughly copying the Daphne Major birds’. This imperfect copying, they suggest, has over time acted as a barrier to interbreeding [Nature News]. So the immigrant bird’s descendants have bred only with each other for three generations.
The Grants say there’s no clear rule for when to declare a reproductively isolated population a new species, and also note that the birds descended from 5110 could still die out. But whatever happens, their legacy will remain: New species can emerge very quickly — and sometimes all it takes is a song [Wired.com].
The Grant’s are currently in Japan accepting the Kyoto Prize in basic science for their life’s work.
80beats: Fast-Track Evolution Gave Rise to Deer Mouse’s Pale Coat
80beats: Mosquito Invasion Could Wipe Out Galapagos’ Native Species
80beats: Couple That Saw Quick Evolution in Darwin’s Finches Wins Big Prize
Image: flickr / putneymarkمیزان بالای ویتامین سی موجود در انبه به ثابت نگه داشتن سطح کلسترول کمک می کند
خوردن یا قرار دادن انبه روی پوست باعث صاف شدن آن می شود.
اسید های موجود در انبه به قلیایی کردن بدن کمک می کنند
مواد مغذی انبه باعث احساس سیری می شود و با بهبود فرایند هضم غذا به سوختن کالری و کاهش وزن کمک می کند.
انبه به دلیل ویتامین آ زیاد برای چشم بسیار مفید است.
مصرف انبه با جوشانده برگ آن به تنظیم قند خون و سطح انسولین کمک می کند
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انبه می تواند در هوای گرم بدن شما را خنک کند.
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آنزیم های موجود در انبه به هضم غذا به خصوص پروتئین کمک می کنند.
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مصرف انبه به دلیل ویتامین آ و سی سیستم ایمنی بدن را تقویت می کند.
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مخلوط انبه با شیر و عسل یک ماسک بسیار عالی برای پوست است.
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مصرف انبه به دلیل دارا بودن آهن برای افراد دارای کم خونی مفید است
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انبه به تمرکز و حافظه کمک می کند و در مقابل اسنک های مضر، یک میان وعده عالی است
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مصرف انبه و جوشانده برگ آن برای معده بسیار مفید است و بر اساس طب سنتی انبه از ایجاد سنگ کلیه جلوگیری می کنند
شما چه نظری در مورد میوه انبه دارید؟ آیا با خواص انبه که در این نوشته بیان شد موافقید؟
اگر این مطلب به نظرتون جالبه در شبکه های اجتماعی به اشتراک بگذارید.
- تغذیه و سلامتی
- ۱۵۹۹你是否知道世界上第一个域名是什么？它的诞生标志着互联网的伟大时刻，为我们的日常生活和商业活动带来了一场革命。本文将介绍世界第一个域名网站的诞生及其对互联网行业的影响。
介绍文章的主要内容和结构
本文将首先介绍世界第一个域名网站的诞生背景
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in the Universe for this set – supermassive black holes. Or, at least, the echoes of them.
“Measuring cosmic distances is a fundamental challenge in astronomy, so the possibility of having an extra trick up one’s sleeve is very exciting,” said astronomer Yue Shen of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
You may be feeling a bit of puzzlement here. While it’s true that we know (more or less) how bright black holes are, that’s of no help whatsoever – because they’re, well, the opposite of bright.
They give off no discernible radiation at all; they’re effectively invisible.
Supermassive black holes that reside in the hearts of galaxies, however, are a very different kettle of fish.
No, we still can’t see them; but if they’re active, the material around them shines very brightly indeed. And it’s the way light behaves in this immediate environment can be used to work out its intrinsic brightness.
An active supermassive black hole is one that is feeding on material, and this material is structured around the black hole in a known architecture. At the centre is the supermassive black hole itself, a beast of a thing that can be millions to tens of billions of times the mass of the Sun.
Around this swirls a disc of material, gravitationally siphoning into the black hole, a bit like water circling and falling into a drain. This is the accretion disc, and the intense gravitational and frictional forces therein heat the material and cause it to glow brightly. But that’s not what astronomers have measured.
Outside the accretion disc is a larger cloud, a doughnut-shaped ring of dust called the torus. The whole structure is put together like the illustration above. It’s that outer torus that is the key to a technique known as echo mapping, or reverberation mapping.
Every now and again, the region of the accretion disc closest to an active supermassive black hole flares brightly in mostly optical and ultraviolet wavelengths – and when it reaches the torus, it “echoes”.
The optical and ultraviolet light is absorbed by the dusty cloud, which heats and emits that thermal energy as mid-infrared light.
Accretion discs can be huge; it can take years for the light to reach the torus and be re-emitted. But since we know the speed of light, astronomers can use the time between the flare and the echo to calculate the distance between the inner edge of the accretion disc and the torus.
This is where it gets really clever. We know the inner edge of the accretion disc is insanely hot. And we know that the disc grows cooler as we move outwards from the black hole.
When the temperature drops to around 1,200 degrees Celsius (2,200 degrees Fahrenheit), that’s when dust clouds can form.
So, the distance between the torus and the inner edge of the accretion disc is directly proportional to that insanely hot temperature.
If we know the distance, we can calculate the temperature – and once we know the temperature, we can calculate how much light that region is emitting. Boom. Intrinsic brightness. That link is called the R-L relation (for radius and luminosity).
Well, obviously it’s not as simple as “boom”. You need to be watching a black hole very carefully over long timeframes to detect the optical/ultraviolet flash and mid-infrared echo.
A team of astronomers led by Qian Yang of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign combed nearly two decades’ worth of data collected by ground-based optical telescopes to look for the optical flash.
Then they studied data collected between 2010 and 2019 by NASA’s Near Earth Object Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer looking for corresponding infrared flares.
They identified 587 supermassive black holes with an optical flash and a mid-infrared echo – the largest single survey of its kind.
And although there is still room to refine the data – the infrared surveys didn’t span the full infrared range, which means there’s a fair amount of uncertainty in the distance calculations – they did confirm that the R-L relation scales, and that the echo behaves the same way across supermassive black holes of all the sizes in their sample.
The work to refine the measurements will be ongoing.
The team is working on improving their models to better constrain the behaviour of the dust, and how it emits infrared light. And, of course, ongoing surveys with better technology will continue to provide higher quality observations.
“The beauty of the echo mapping technique is that these supermassive black holes aren’t going away anytime soon,” Yang said. “So we can measure the dust echoes over and over again for the same system to improve the distance measurement.”
The research has been published in The Astrophysical Journal.Seconda giornata di Olimpiade per il judo nel Budokan a Tokyo e le aspettative della squadra azzurra hanno trovato le risposte di Odette Giuffrida, che ha conquistato un posto nella semifinale olimpica dei 52 kg, e di Manuel Lombardo che, sconfitto ai quarti dal brasiliano Cargnin, affronterà l’incontro di recupero per accedere eventualmente alla finale per il bronzo.
Odette è stata implacabile sia con la romena Andreea Chitu, superata al golden score con ippon di morote seoi nage, che con la belga Charline Van Snick, sulla quale ha avuto la meglio con un wazari di kata guruma approdando così in semifinale che la vedrà opposta alla nipponica Uta Abe.
“Ci siamo e siamo pronti… -ha detto il coach azzurro Francesco Bruyere- Ody sta bene e sa quello che deve fare. Ha lavorato tanto per essere qui in questo momento, ora deve viverlo come solo lei sa fare”.
Passato direttamente al secondo turno in quanto testa di serie, Manuel Lombardo ha sconfitto per wazari (kata guruma) il kazako Yerlan Serikkzhanov prima di essere costretto a cedere il passo al brasiliano Daniel Cargnin, che già aveva eliminato Denis Vieru, con un wazari negli ultimi secondi. Manuel Lombardo alle 10 italiane affronterà nel recupero il mongolo Baskhuu Yondonperenlei.Interpreta questo tracciato Holter, descrivendo l'aritmia presente e i suoi meccanismi, utilizzando modulo di commento sottostante.
Nelle prossime settimane verrà pubblicata un'epicrisi conclusiva.
Se avete aritmie...
Iscrizione al Tribunale di Padova N. 2430 del 15/03/2017 - Direttore responsabile Franco Folino - Iscritto al Registro Operatori di Comunicazione n. 26807 del 01/12/2016Richard Milhous Nixon (1913-1994), 37th President of the United States. Nixon was in Dallas, Texas earlier on November 22, 1963, the day President John F. Kennedy was assassinated. It is implied that The Comedian, who was minding Nixon that day, committed the crime. Elected President in 1968, Nixon asks Dr. Manhattan to intervene in Vietnam, thereby ensuring a U.S. victory in the war.
With the repeal of the 22nd Amendment and the suspicious murders of Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein (also thought to have been committed by The Comedian), who would otherwise have exposed the Watergate Scandal, Nixon is reelected repeatedly, and still serves as President in 1985.
After the disaster, serious new candidates for the Presidency are mentioned (Robert Redford in the novel, Ronald Reagan in the film), which may suggest that Nixon will not run for a sixth term.
| Preceded by|
Lyndon B. Johnson
| Richard M. Nixon|
January 20, 1969 - 1985
| Succeeded by|When workers see a company acting in a corrupt manner or performing illegal activities, they may decide to inform authorities. Since this call out will most certainly have consequences for the company that performed the misdeeds, the whistleblower may be at risk for retaliation.
Whistleblower protection prohibits companies from punishing workers who speak out against an injustice occurring within the business. Yet, are there protections for whistleblowers who seek anonymity in another country?
In 2003, the Convention Against Corruption was adopted by the United Nations, and includes 137 nations that have signed articles protecting whistleblowers. Since then, many U.S. and non-U.S. citizens have come forward to announce economic crimes, including ocean pollution, money laundering, securities violations, bribery and more.
While each country has their own specific whistleblower protection laws, blanket acts, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, keeps international corporations from bribing government officials to avoid acting on whistleblower information.
The United States and other countries across the world enforce other acts giving international protection to whistleblowers. People who speak out against securities and commodities fraud are protected by the Dodd-Frank Act, while the False Claims Act rewards those who report government fraud. Those who anonymously report illegal government activity that is successfully prosecuted receive between 15 and 30% of the monetary proceeds.
Whistleblowers help keep companies ethical and reduce the amount of corruption that occurs in the country. It is important to investigate the specific whistleblower protection laws in the country of interest. It is also helpful to ensure they are part of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption, which includes them in international protection as well.Pic : Water fountain at the top of Wimbledon Hill in memory of Joseph Toynbee
Born December 30, 1815
Died July 7, 1866
Nationality: United Kingdom
Known for pathological and anatomical studies of the ear
Joseph Toynbee, born in 1815, was the son of a Lincoln farmer and one of fifteen children. He studied medicine in London and was well known for his works amongst the poor, championing issues of sanitation and public health. In 1855 he set up the first ENT unit in the United Kingdom at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington. The unit comprised three beds and was set up with the purpose of treating diseases of the ear, nose and throat.
A pioneer of many revolutions in ENT, including the artificial tympanic membrane as well as the modern otoscope. His contribution to the understanding and treatment of diseases of the ear cannot be overestimated.
A long time sufferer of tinnitus, Toynbee died after inhaling the vapours of hydrocyanic acid and chloroform in an attempt at a cure.|实事求是|
Seek truth from facts
中国学者对唯物主义方法论基本要求的通俗表达。源出班固《汉书·河间献王传》：“修学好古，实事求是”。唐颜师古解释为“务得事实，每求真是也”。毛泽东在《改造我们的学习》一文中，对这一古语作了新的解释：“‘实事’就是客观存在着的一切事物，‘是’就是客观事物的内部联系，即规律性，‘求’就是我们去研究。我们要从国内外……的实际情况出发，从其中引出其固有的而不是臆造的规律性，即找出周围事变的内部联系，作为我们行动的向导。”从此，“实事求是”成了一个具有中国特色的辩证唯物主义哲学概念。中国共产党坚持实事求是的优良传统，把实事求是作为制定路线、方针政策的基础。جوش شیرین یا بی کربنات سدیم به دو صورت صنعتی و خوراکی وجود دارد. هر دو نوع جوش شیرین تقریبا شبیه به هم هستند، اما آنها قطعا یک محصول نیستند. هر دو می تواند برای تمیز کردن لباس استفاده شوند، هر دو می تواند برای تمیز کردن خانه استفاده شوند، اما یکی می تواند به پوست آسیب برساند و دیگری می تواند خورده شود. ده ها کاربرد خانگی برای جوش شیرین وجود دارد. جوش شیرین، ماده ای است که اغلب در تمیز کردن، دستور العمل های زیبایی، مواد ضدعفونی کننده و موارد دیگر استفاده می شود.
بی کربنات سدیم یک نمک بسیار قلیایی با کاربردهای مختلف است. دارای طعم کمی تلخ و شور است و اغلب در پخت برای تولید گاز دی اکسید کربن استفاده می شود. فقط به خاطر داشته باشید که جوش شیرین را می توان به تنهایی استفاده کرد و فقط باید با یک عامل اسیدی ترکیب شود.
جوش شیرین خوراکی
همانطور که گفتیم بی کربنات سدیم به دو صورت صنعتی و خوراکی وجود دارد جوش شیرین خوراکی از ۱۰۰٪ بی کربنات سدیم ساخته شده است اما جوش شیرین غیر خوراکی از ۱۰۰٪ کربنات سدیم ساخته شده است.. جوش شیرین صنعتی یا شیمیایی باید فقط در شستشو، تمیز کردن استفاده شود، و درغذا یا پخت هرگز نباید از آن استفاده شود. چون جوش شیرین صنعتی قوی تر است در پخت و پز استفاده نمی شود، . این تفاوت شیمیایی به این معنی است که جوش شیرین صنعتی نرم تر است، و آن را برای چیزهایی مانند پاک کردن لکه، مواد شوینده خانگی و پاک کننده های عمومی استفاده می کند.جوش شیرین خوراکی همانطور که گفتیم اغلب با اسید واکنش نشان می دهد، و به طور چشمگیری طعم غذا را تغییر می دهد.
برای تشخیص این که جوش شیرینی که میخریم خوراکی هست یا خیر؟ فقط کافی ست روی بسته بندی جوش شیرین را نگاه کنید اگر واژه Food Grade بر روی کیسه یا توضیحات آن درج شده باشد خوراکی است درغیر این صورت خوراکی نمی باشد.همچنین نوع خوراکی بی کربنات سدیم، محلول در آب است و در الکل حل نمی شود.
کاربرد های جوش شیرین
- تمیز کردن: برای تمیز کردن اجاق گاز به سادگی پودر جوش شیرین را در کف اجاق گاز بپاشید، اسپری کنید یا با آب بپاشید تا یک خمیر تشکیل دهد و سپس چند ساعت بگذارید و بعد با دستمال تمیز کنید.
- پاک کردن لکه ها: جوش شیرین یک پودر شستشوی مؤثر و طبیعی است که حتی سخت ترین لکه ها را از وان و کف پوش ها پاک می کند.
- سم زدایی و درمان آفتاب سوختگی: جوش شیرین ماده عالی برای سم زدایی بدن است. این ماده همچنین به کاهش آفتاب سوختگی کمک می کند! فقط کافیه مقداری از آن را در آب مخلوط کرده و صورت خود را با شسشو دهید.
- خمیر دندان خانگی: جوش شیرین یکی از مواد تشکیل دهنده در خمیر دندان خانگی است که دندان ها را بدون خیس شدن بیش از حد تمیز می کند.Ferrari'nin 1960 model California 250 LWB
Spider Competizione'ı açık artırma ile 11 milyon dolara satıldı.
Konuya ilişkin yapılan açıklamaya göre, Ferrari ABD'de düzenlenen ve
uluslararası nitelikte en önemli otomotiv etkinlikleri arasında yer alan Peeble
Beach Concours D'Elegance'da büyük ilgi gördü.
Etkinlikte Ferrari'nin en yeni modeli olarak dikkati çeken F12berlinetta'nın
tanıtımını yapan Ferrari, sadece 9 adet üretilen 1960 model California 250 LWB
Spider Competizione için de açık artırma düzenledi. Klasik araç, açık artırmada
11 milyon dolara alıcı buldu.
Açık artırmada 1985 model Ferrari 288 GTO 1 milyon dolara, Ferrari 340 MM
Spider ise yaklaşık 4,5 milyon dolara satıldı.First Solar Sail Spacecraft Ready for Daring Flight
Cosmos 1 , the world's first solar sail spacecraft, now has a launch date of Summer Solstice, June 21, 2005.
The innovative and first-of-its-kind solar sail, a project of The Planetary Society and Cosmos Studios, will launch atop a converted ICBM from a submerged Russian submarine.
It will deploy in Earth orbit and attempt the first controlled flight of a solar sail.
A message from Ann Druyan (widow of Carl Sagan)
Cosmos 1 is scheduled to lift off on the day of the summer solstice. Imagine the rays of the sun striking the solstice markers at the ancient astronomical observatories of Stonehenge and Chaco Canyon as Cosmos 1 rises from out of the sea and into the sky.
What better way to honor our ancestors than to continue the voyage to the stars that they began?
On that day, as on every other one, I will be thinking of Carl Sagan and all I learned from him about the joys of being alive in the cosmos. He envisioned that we would learn to use the awesome powers of science with wisdom and foresight. . . That the wonders of nature revealed by science would belong to each and every one of us. . . .And that we would someday find our way to the distant stars.
Cosmos 1's launch vehicle is an intercontinental ballistic missile that was originally designed to deliver a nuclear weapon of mass death to a city somewhere on our tiny pale blue dot. Now she has been converted to a peaceful and even mythic purpose. She will carry a new kind of spacecraft into earth orbit.
Four days later Cosmos 1 will open its eight massive reflective sails to test a revolutionary and potentially much faster way of moving through the universe. Cosmos 1 is a ship designed to ride the light.
If we succeed, perhaps someday fleets of light ships will carry our descendents on voyages of exploration to the worlds that circle other suns.
We expect that Cosmos 1 will be a naked eye object. If you should catch sight of it sailing the summer skies, please pause a moment to remember the generations of life and consciousness that made Cosmos 1 possible. . . And then find something to do to protect this ancient continuity. . .To help us overcome our planet-wide madness, so that the generations that follow us will have their chance at the stars. Let Cosmos 1 be a signal flare of our determination to do so.
To learn more visit these sites:
Cosmos One Solar Sail Tracking Site
Planetary Society Solar Sail SiteUzun yıllar ABD'de yaşayan İtalyan gazeteci-yazar Oriana Fallaci yaşamını yitirdi. İslam karşıtı yazılarıyla tanınan Fallaci, birçok İslama hakaretten yargılanmıştı. İtalyan yazar 70 yaşından sonra yazdığı "Öfke ve Gurur" adlı kitapla Müslümanları da kızdırdı. Fallaci bu kitapta Avrupa'nın İslam tarafından istila edildiğini, kıtanın adının da Avrupa değil Avrupistan olması gerektiğini savundu. Müslümanlar'ın Avrupa'dan çıkarılmasını isteyen bu kitap, 11 Eylül'den birkaç hafta sonra piyasaya çıktı ve birkaç milyon sattı. İslam dendi mi tüyleri diken diken olan ve sadece önyargılarla hamaset edebiyatı yapmayı bilen Fallaci bu kitabında, Avrupa kıtasına artık Europe değil, Eurabia demek gerekir. diye iddia ediyordu. Eskiden savaşlar aracılığıyla fiziksel işgal peşindeydi Müslümanlar, şimdi kültür aracılığıyla
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علاوه بر این، گل های این گیاه باعث اسهال و ناراحتی معده در بعضی افراد می شود. لذا برای استفاده در کودکان و زنان باردار توصیه نمی شود. همیشه با یک پزشک در مورد مصرف عصاره اقطی و یا مکمل اقطی مشورت کنید.
عصاره برگ زیتون ( زیتون اروپا )
عصاره برگ زیتون، از برگ درخت زیتون گرفته می شود. عصاره برگ زیتون به مدت طولانی برای بیماری های تنفسی، آسم، ورم مفاصل، فشار خون بالا، اگزما و مشکلات دیگر استفاده شده است. شواهد کافی برای این ادعا که عصاره برگ زیتون در جلوگیری و یا درمان سرماخوردگی موثر است وجود ندارد. اما در چند مطالعه نشان داده شده است که به منظور کاهش عفونت ویروسی و برای تحریک واکنش سیستم ایمنی بدن به عفونت موثر بوده است اشکال مختلف برگ نیز ممکن است ضد التهاب باشد عوارض جانبی استفاده از عصاره ممکن است سبب ناراحتی معده، علائم شبیه سرماخوردگی، سردرد، استفراغ و اسهال شود.动态与观点
- 本案亮点 -
1、刑事案件与民事案件属同一法律事实的构成要素分析；
2、民事案件中被告的交易模式可能涉及刑事案件，是否必然导致民事案件涉刑的分析；
3、结合最高院裁判观点，综合论述民事案件与刑事案件分属不同的法律事实、应当分开审理。
- 案情摘要 -
2020年，南京A电气公司与西安某网络科技公司签订《采购合同》，约定西安某网络科技公司向南京A电气公司采购电子工业设备。西安某网络公司收到货物未按照合同约定支付货款，南京A电气公司遂向西安市未央区人民法院提起诉讼。
一审中，西安未央法院收到江苏省如东县公安局发送的《关于抄送相关案件情况的函》及《立案决定书》，西安某网络科技公司的交易模式可能涉及刑事犯罪，西安未央法院遂以一审案件涉嫌经济犯罪，不属于人民法院民事诉讼受理范围，驳回南京A电气公司起诉。
恒都律师继续代理二审，在一审败诉的情况下，迅速做出反应、分析一审裁定。
最终，西安市中级人民法院采纳了恒都观点，对西安未央法院的裁定进行了更改，裁定撤销未央法院一审裁定，并指令西安未央法院审理。
- 恒都律师工作 -
在二审阶段，恒都律师认真梳理了西安某网络科技公司涉刑案件的基本情况、交易模式及架构，对刑民交叉案件所涉法律进行整理、对同一法律事实的要素构成进行分析、对最高院的最新的裁判观点进行整合，形成清晰的代理思路。
庭前就本案在所内组织了案件讨论会，通过不同角度分析代理思路，进而调整优化二审的代理思路。
1、从同一法律事实构成切入，本案与刑事案件非同一法律事实
一审法院在诉讼中收到了公安机关的相关文件，直接裁定认为本案民事案件与刑事案件系同一法律事实，并驳回南京A电气公司的起诉。
二审中，代理律师通过分析公安机关的发文内容所涉案件、交易主体、交易模式，结合本案基本案情，论证了刑事案件与民事案件的交易主体不同、交易模式不同、所依据的合同不同，因此本案与刑事案件应分属不同的法律事实，民事案件应当审理。
2、从合同的性质与履行结果分析，论证本案属于普通的民事经济纠纷
庭审中，西安某网络科技公司认可收到南京A电气公司的货物。代理律师认为，西安某网络科技公司作为独立的商事主体，对自己的行为有专业的判断能力，应对自己的商事行为负责。
本案合同的签署系双方真实意思表示，南京A电气公司已履行完毕自己的义务，安某网络科技公司应按照合同约定履行付款义务。
3、结合最高院生效裁判规则，进一步论证本案与刑事案件无关
二审中，代理律师通过检索案例，适用了最高院的裁判规则，进一步论证本案与刑事案件无关；同时，也证明一审法院的裁定与最高院的生效的判决相违背，应予撤销。
- 案件意义 -
由于一审法院认为本案涉及刑事案件，代理律师在民事案件之外，也通过各种渠道检索并分析了刑事案件所涉交易架构、交易模式，以及涉及诈骗罪的原因。正因恒都律师在充分了解刑事案件情况的基础上，才能充分分析本案与刑事案件所属事实的区别。
同时，本案系在被告所在地开庭，受新冠疫情影响较大。在代理过程中，恒都律师多次与承办法官沟通，就案件争议的法律事实、刑事案件的交易架构及交易模式深入研究，并形成纸质文件在庭后及时递交法院，最终二审法院采纳了恒都律师观点。美国《逐日科学》：开车发短信比酒驾更危险
本站10月14道 美国研究显示，80%的大学生开车时用收发短信，尽管大多数人认为这种行动有危险。
据美国《每日科学》站10月11道，美国宾夕法尼亚州威尔克斯巴里国王学院麦高恩商学院的加罗尔德 兰茨和桑德拉 洛布发现，男性更可能在开车时发短信，认为自己开车技术好而不会给本身和他人造成危险。
这个研究小组在10月出版的《国际可持续战略管理杂志》上发表的研究报告说，分析表明 发短信的冲动 与经常发短信者和开车发短信者有正比关系。
报导指出，早些时候的研究显示，开车发短信与醉酒开车都是高速公路车祸的一个重要危险因素。实际上，有些研究表明，发短信比醉酒更能致使驾车者反应迟钝。也有研究左证了 多任务迷思 ，证明很少有人（2.5%）能够一次做两件以上的事情。再者，大脑允许人们在任何时候完全集中干一件事，因此证明为一次能够履行多项任务的人，只是更善于准确无误地交替履行任务。
据报道，有些国家已禁止开车发短信，包括英国。
这个研究小组说： 仿佛有一种心态，觉得使用电子设备对大家是危险的，但 我 除外。 美国推出了提高人们安全意识的活动，但是纠正开车发短信这类危险行动的办法存在争议。针对人们对这个问题的态度，该研究小组的研究提供了实验性的证据。
该研究小组指出，如果进一步的研究确切证明开车发短信与酒驾一样危险，应当展开宣扬活动，确保人们明白这一点。（编译/刘宗亚）降血糖最有效的方法
列腺增生肥大怎么样治疗
拉肚子治疗方法
心绞痛发作时首要护理措施
性功能障碍勃起无力怎么办性功能障碍勃起无力怎么办？这里有您重拾信心的妙方!An assured equipment grounding conductor program (AEGCP) is a method of protection for personnel against ground-fault current flow through the body.
Unsafe electrical services, improperly wired electric outlets, and extension cords running across walkways are just a few of the electrical hazards that might be found at some fairs.
The first part of this series of articles provided a general understanding of the IEC and how it operates.
The requirement for sunlight resistance for conductors that are exposed to direct sunlight was added in Section 310-8 of the 1999 National Electrical Code (NEC).
A harmonized NFPA 79 paves the way for you to build a machine that your company can sell from Boston to Bombay.
CSA International recently investigated an incident involving in-wall electric heaters and the results of this probe are worth revisiting.
All UL Listed luminaires must be equipped with American standard-sized mounting hardware.
A variety of GFCI’s for temporary wiring are available, including portable and plug-in types and circuit-breaker types, types built into attachment plug caps, and receptacle types.
Ground-fault circuit interrupters can be used successfully to reduce electrical hazards on construction sites utilizing temporary wiring methods."Traffic and weather, together on the hour!" blasts your local radio station, while your smartphone knows the weather halfway across the world. A network of satellites whizzing around Earth collecting mountains of data makes such constant and wide-ranging access to accurate weather forecasts possible. Just one satellite, such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R that launched in 2016, can collect 3.5 terabytes of weather data per day.
But how do scientists ensure satellite-measured weather data is good? They can compare live data against high-quality reference data from in-orbit satellites. Making such resources available is a goal of the Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS), an international consortium of 15 satellite agencies that collaborate on monitoring satellites and developing methods to ensure the quality of their weather data.
"The quality of the satellite data drives how prepared nations--and the world--can be when it comes to weather-related events," said GSICS Deputy Director Manik Bali, a faculty research assistant in the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC), a joint center of the University of Maryland and NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Bali is also a NOAA affiliate.
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO), a United Nations specialized agency and the Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites (CGMS), launched GSICS in 2005. ESSIC contributes manpower and infrastructure support to GSICS, including the servers needed to share data between GSICS collaborators worldwide, enabling the monitoring of weather satellites among member agencies and the correction of measurement anomalies in real time.
One GSICS breakthrough came in 2011, with a paper demonstrating that a GSICS-developed algorithm corrected a temperature difference of approximately 3 degrees Celsius between two satellites. The results were published in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. While that temperature difference may sound small, the world's nations recently negotiated the Paris Climate Agreement, which seeks to limit global warming to a maximum of 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial temperatures.
Also in 2011, Cheng-Zhi Zou, a NOAA research scientist and former chair of the GSICS Microwave Subgroup, intercalibrated 38 years of climate data--starting in 1979--to generate what NOAA calls a fundamental climate data record (FCDR). The FCDR was published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres.
At the American Geophysical Union's (AGU) fall meeting in December 2016, Bali demonstrated that Zou's FCDR was suitable for monitoring microwave satellites, including the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder onboard NOAA/NASA's Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS). When launched, JPSS will replace the aging National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System and provide full global monitoring coverage twice a day. Bali expects the FCDR will help monitor and adjust data gathered during JPSS missions.
At the recent AGU meeting, Bali also showed that the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites' Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and NASA's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder exhibit sufficiently stable behavior to serve as in-orbit references. Calibrating against these satellites can reduce errors from 2 degrees Celsius to below 0.1 degrees Celsius.
"This has given tremendous confidence to the GSICS calibration community that uses IASI-A as an in-orbit reference to monitor its geostationary satellites," said Bali.
Moving forward, Bali's colleagues at ESSIC will continue to support the science goals of the JPSS satellite mission through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS), which is managed by ESSIC and was created in 2009 through a $93 million agreement with NOAA.
"ESSIC's leadership in supporting these global initiatives is very important," said Bali. "Looking ahead, I see a far greater interaction between NOAA and ESSIC/CICS, which will help NOAA lead the global satellite calibration efforts."
The presentation, "Selection of on-orbit references for Global Space Based Inter-Calibration System" by Manik Bali, Fuzhong Weng, Lawrence E Flynn, Cheng-Zhi Zou, Ralph Ferraro and Thomas Pagano was given on December 13, 2016, at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting.
The paper, "The Global Space-Based Inter-Calibration System" by M. Goldberg, G. Ohring, J. Butler, C. Cao, R. Datla, D. R. Doelling, V. Gärtner, T. Hewison, B. Iacovazzi, D. Kim, T. Kurino, J. Lafeuille, P. Minnis, D. Renaut, J. Schmetz, D. Tobin, L. Wang, F. Weng, X. Wu, F. Yu, P. Zhang, and T. Zhu was published in the April 2001 issue of the Bulletin of the American Meterological Society.
The paper, "Intersatellite calibration of AMSU-A observations for weather and climate applications" by Cheng-Zhi Zou and Wenhui Wang was published on December 13, 2011 in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres.
Media Relations Contact: Irene Ying, 301-405-5204, [email protected]
About the College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences
The College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences at the University of Maryland educates more than 7,000 future scientific leaders in its undergraduate and graduate programs each year. The college's 10 departments and more than a dozen interdisciplinary research centers foster scientific discovery with annual sponsored research funding exceeding $150 million.Appello di dicembre di Biochimica (VET0006)
Si ricorda agli studenti che devono ancora sostenere l’esame di Biochimica (VET0006) che, come già ampiamente specificato a fine corso e durante gli appelli di giugno, luglio e settembre, l’appello di dicembre sarà l’ultimo a prevedere due test distinti, uno per la Biologia Molecolare e l’altro per la Biochimica. A partire dal primo appello del 2020 l’esame prevederà, invece, un unico test come stabilito dalla nuova policy esami del Dipartimento. Di conseguenza a partire dal 1° dicembre 2020 gli studenti dovranno necessariamente sostenere un esame unico, a prescindere da eventuali test di biologia molecolare precedentemente superati e che pertanto non avranno più valore.
- Biochimica (VET0006)منوچهر آذری بازیگر نمایش های رادیویی از خاطره رادیو خریدن در ۱۸ سالگی و اینکه آن زمان عاشق این بوده است که بتواند یک خط در رادیو حرف بزند، سخن گفت.
وی در گفتگو با مهر درباره شروع کار خود در رادیو گفت: من فارغ التحصیل دانشکده هنرهای دراماتیک هستم و کارم را از تلویزیون شروع کرده ام. در تلویزیون برنامه ای با حسن خیاط باشی اجرا می کردم و یک روز قرار بود او برنامه ای در رادیو داشته باشد و من هم با او همراه شوم. خاطرم هست آنجا به صورت ملودیک آوازی را برای خودم می خواندم که حمید قنبری یکی از برنامه سازان متوجه شد و به من گفت تو چه جوان با استعدادی هستی.
وی ادامه داد: به این ترتیب من وارد رادیو شدم و بعد از انقلاب هم من را نگه داشتند. آن زمان ها تلویزیون برنامه های چندانی نداشت، ماهواره نبود و وسایل ارتباط جمعی مثل موبایل، اینترنت و... همچون امروز فراوان نبود بنابراین تنها دلخوشی مردم و تنها ارتباط شان با دنیا برای آگاهی از اخبار از طریق رادیو بود.
آذری با اشاره به هنرمندان رادیو عنوان کرد: رادیو شنونده های بسیاری داشت و هنرمندان بزرگی هم از جمله ثریا قاسمی، مرتضی احمدی، نصرت الله محتشم، اکبر مشکین، هوشنگ سارنگ، تاجی احمدی، توران مهرزاد رامین فرزاد و صدرالدین شجره در آن فعالیت می کردند و من هم کوچک ترین آنها بودم.
این بازیگر نمایش های رادیویی با اشاره به برنامه «داستان شب» یادآور شد: این برنامه یکی از پرمخاطب های رادیو بود و هنرپیشه های بزرگی در آن حضور داشتند. در این برنامه کتاب های نویسندگان بزرگ جهان ترجمه می شد و در چند قسمت به عنوان نمایش های رادیویی به اجرا می رسید. «داستان شب» رأس ساعت ۱۰ شروع می شد و در این زمان همه به انتظار آن می نشستند.
وی در پایان به اولین خاطره خود از خریدن رادیو اشاره کرد و گفت: در زمان نوجوانی ما هنوز تلویزیون چندان وجود نداشت و من خاطرم هست که ۱۸ سال داشتم که توانستیم رادیو بخریم. ما با خوشحالی رادیو را به منزل آوردیم و روی طاقچه گذاشتیم. هیچ کس هم جرات نداشت به آن دست بزند. آن زمان داستان های شب را گوش می کردم و عاشق این بودم که بتوانم یک خط در رادیو حرف بزنم و حدود ۱۰ سال طول کشید تا توانستم به آرزوی خود برسم و به رادیو راه پیدا کنم.Lahaul lies in the Indo-Tibetan border in the state of Himachal Pradesh. Two different districts and mountain tracts, Lahaul and Spiti came to be unified in the year 1960 to form one single district of Lahaul and Spiti. The natives have fair skin and hazel coloured eyes and are of Indo-Aryan and Tibetan lineage. Most of them practice Buddhism and religiously follow their customs and traditions. The language spoken in the region is similar to that of the people of Ladakh and Tibet. Prayer flags flapping over the monasteries are a highlighting feature of this place. All these shrines showcase the religious inclination of natives of this region.
Owing to the barren soil, only grasses and shrubs grow here. The main occupation of the locals includes potato farming, animal husbandry and weaving. The houses are built in the Tibetan style of architecture with walls which are tilted 10 degrees inwards. The building materials used for constructing these houses include wood, rocks, and cement; these materials are mostly used in earthquake prone areas.
Animals like yaks and dzos can be seen freely roaming around the region. The decrease in vegetation of the region has led to the listing of animals like the Tibetan antelope, the argali, kiangs, musk deer, and snow leopards as endangered species.
The
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深度浸泡中。潜水员中维生素B的量，红细胞。糖基转移酶的活性显着降低，由于所需的维生素B的量是直接关系到能量消耗。
上海固彻拆除工程有限公司从事水下拆除工程，主要承接大坝拆除，水下管道拆除，水下安装，水下打捞，水下切割，水下焊接，潜水作业，沉井施工，水下堵漏，水下拆除，水下施工，水下监理沉井带水下沉和封底，水下摄影，水下检测和，管道堵漏等各项业务。本公司自创建以来，坚持以人为本，诚信经营。凭借高信誉的作风赢得市场。公司经过多年的发展于创新，拥有一大批有资质证书的潜水工作人员、安置人员、海洋科考人员，以及海面操作技术人员、均持有国内权威机构颁发各类资质证书。公司有雄厚技术力量，以及完善管理体系，精英团队为你提供优良水下工程服务。705239561
发布后，近日，我公司是国家的正式公司，各种特殊的切割和加固设备用于确保打捞元件的完整性和完整性，如果您在我们的工厂购买真空泵产品，水下捕捞和吊装的对于救援工作的正常运行。工作人员和安全。换衣服潜水后，工作人员说潜水作业对潜水员来说既好又坏。这使得工人的更容易受伤，如何选择市场上可靠的公司，通过选择，然后潜水员我们公司将给予详细解答。长时间下雨后连续降雨。如果潜水员在水后不能迅速适应水下。我们建议潜水员在大雨或连续下雨和多云天气时避免水下作业，水下救援指的是恢复水下淹没物体的。七台河水下打捞公司客户满意Il presidente del Parlamento e del partito Sme Rodina Boris Kollár è stato accusato di aver plagiato la sua tesi di laurea e molti politici ne chiedono le dimissioni, tra cui alcuni deputati di partiti della coalizione di governo e dunque suoi alleati di maggioranza. Kollár in una conferenza stampa odierna ha dichiarato di aver ottenuto la laurea in modo lecito e dunque non ha ragione di doversi scusare, o tanto meno di fare un passo indietro. Ma ha deciso di smettere di usare il suo titolo universitario di dottore in scienze politiche per far cessare gli attacchi pretestuosi contro la sua persona e contro la coalizione. Ha chiesto ai media di giudicare i politici in base alle loro attuali attività in politica, non in base ai loro passati decenni da privati cittadini. Gli elettori fanno le loro scelte in base alle «persone che mantengono la parola», e non per i titoli accademici che posseggono.
Kollár ha smentito le accuse di plagio, affermando di aver citato correttamente tutte le sue fonti nella tesi di laurea. Diversi media hanno scritto, al contrario, che Kollár ha fatto “copia e incolla” nella sua tesi di diverse pagine da una pubblicazione scritta dal suo istruttore. Egli ha ottenuto la laurea nel 2015, mentre si preparava per la campagna elettorale che lo ha poi portato in Parlamento nella primavera del 2016.
Tutto era nato dalla tesi di laurea della deputata Petra Krištúfková, vice presidente del partito Sme Rodina, donna che con Kollár ha in comune oltre al partito altre due cose: una figlia di 9 anni e il titolo accademico nella stessa università, la University of Central Europe di Skalica, un ateneo privato nella Slovacchia occidentale. Anche lei, secondo i giornalisti, avrebbe copiato una parte rilevante della sua tesi di laurea, e inoltre è stato scoperto che nel 2009 avrebbe trascorso una vacanza, come amica della moglie del proprietario, su uno yacht di Marian Kočner, il controverso imprenditore accusato di numerosi reati finanziari e, non ultimo, di essere il mandante dell’omicidio di Ján Kuciak. Inoltre, esisterebbero dei messaggi di testo scambiati con lo stesso Kočner, che secondo lei riguardavano un problema di sua figlia.
Krištúfková, il cui figlio maggiore l’ha avuto con Robert Dinic, ex boss assassinato della mala slovacca, era stata ‘predestinata’ come delegata del governo per un nuovo ufficio governativo per la Famiglia, un incarico inventato dal nulla dal ministro Krajniak di Sme Rodina e cui la donna ha dovuto rinunciare dopo le mille mila polemiche nate su di lei. Dopo questa vicenda, che è durata diversi giorni, Kollár ha annunciato che la carica di plenipotenziario per la Famiglia sarà cancellata.
La questione della tesi di Kollár è stata oggetto di frizioni nella coalizione, ma a un incontro a quattr’occhi dell’altro ieri tra il primo ministro Igor Matovič (OĽaNO) e il presidente del Parlamento non ha portato nessuna decisione. Matovič ha detto che non gli chiederà di dimettersi, perché la priorità per lui è il funzionamento dell’attuale governo. Egli si è difeso dalle critiche dicendo che non ha intenzione di rischiare una caduta del governo e il ritorno della “mafia” alla testa dello Stato. «Voglio adempiere alle mie promesse agli elettori: ripulire la Slovacchia dalla mafia. Data questa responsabilità, non farò nulla che possa mettere in pericolo la stabilità di questa coalizione», ha sottolineato il primo ministro. «Se devo mettere sulla bilancia un diploma e la stabilità della coalizione, mia priorità è sicuramente mantenere la coalizione di governo».
Matovič ha sottolineato che il capo del Parlamento è sufficientemente indipendente da dedurre da solo le sue responsabilità per la situazione che si è creata. Al tempo stesso ha annunciato di voler mettere mano a una riforma fondamentale dell’istruzione universitaria in Slovacchia, e sicureamente intende abolire la metà delle università, come gli atenei “artificiali” nati a Skalica o Sládkovičovo e simili “deliri”, «che distorcono l’intero sistema».
L’ex premier Pellegrini ha sottolineato il fatto che Matovič, allora all’opposizione, aveva fortemente criticato l’ex presidente del Parlamento Andrej Danko (SNS) per aver fatto ricorso al plagio nella sua tesi di dottorato. La diversità di approccio alle due questioni mostra chiaramente che Matovič quando è entrato in carica [come premier] ha rinunciato a tutte le sue promesse elettorali.
(Red)
Foto NRSRDoğan, Futbol Extra Dergisi'ne yaptığı açıklamada, meslektaşlarını fazla yıpratmak istemediğini belirterek, ''Her meslekte iyi ve kötü var. Fakat Türkiye'de kötülerin sesi daha gür çıkıyor. Aynı zamanda inanılmaz da saldırgan oluyorlar. Uysal, sadece işini yapan adamlar acı çekiyor, bu da bir gerçek. Türkiye'de tırnaklarıyla bir yerlere gelenleri kimse takdir etmiyor. Bu mantıkla da etmeyecek. Çünkü çıkar ilişkileri çok ön plana çıkmış durumda. İnsanlar kaliteli, doğru iş yapanları vicdanlarında seviyor ama uygulamaya geldiğinde bunu asla yapmıyor'' dedi.
Futbolcular baskı altında
Trabzon'da futbola aşırı bir sevgi ve ilginin olduğunu ifade eden Doğan, ''Bu kadar sevgi ve ilgi gösterilen bir futbolcu kendini baskı altında hisseder. Burada insanlar her ortamda futbol konuşuyor. Futbolcu da deşarj olacağı bir yer bulamıyor. Trabzonspor'un en önemli dezavantajı bu. Bir gün hastaneden çıkarken 3?4 kadın yolumu kesip 'hocam ne olacak bizim bu takımın hali' diye sordu. Aslında çok hoş bir olay bu. Hastane gibi bir yerde bayanlar bile Trabzonspor konusunu birinci plana taşıyor'' diye konuştu.
Feldkamp'ın beyni genç
Doğan, Galatasaray Teknik Direktörü Feldkamp ile ilgili olarak ise, ''Ben teknik adamın yaşına bakmam, beynine bakarım. Feldkamp'ın beyni genç. Konuşmalarına bakıyorum, gayet oturaklı. Biz nedense kulp takmayı çok severiz. Galatasaray yönetimi getirdiği teknik adamı tanımıyor mu? Yani işin içindekiler anlamıyor, dışındakiler anlıyor. Benim teknik adamlığım o kadar uzun sürmeyecek. Çünkü Türkiye'nin şartları musait değil.''The farmland sitting on top of the shale is known for producing raisins, nuts, fruits, vegetables and cotton. Given Calilfornia’s rich oil history, oil and agriculture interests have co-existed for a long time, but fracking could pit the two against each other. The San Francisco bureau chief for The New York Times, Norimitsu Onishi, recently spoke with many of the stakeholders in the state and painted a now familiar portrait of the various interest groups and those that could be directly affected should something go wrong in the fracking process.
Unfortunately, he found that something already has gone wrong. An oil production company discharged 6 to 10 barrels of fracking liquids, equal to 252-420 gallons, into an unlined pit near an almond orchard. The oil company also reportedly violated regulations through the disposal of hundreds of thousands of gallons of produced liquids that contained high levels of salts. While the incident is still under investigation, Doug Patteson, an engineer with the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board, told Onishi, “If groundwater were impacted from anything, I think it would be from that, and maybe these 6 to 10 barrels of fracking fluids certainly didn’t help.”
Under California’s central valley lies a vast field of shale oil that’s ready to be exploited thanks to the hotly debated oil and gas extraction process called hydraulic fracturing, or fracking. Known as the Monterey Shale Formation, the unconventional oilfield lies underneath the lower half of the San Joaquin Valley. With fracking technology available to tap into its resources, it now it makes up two-thirds of the US’s shale oil reserves. That fact alone would startle most environmentalists, but it also runs underneath the nation’s most diverse and productive farmland.
This may just be the tip of the iceberg with fracking in California. While producing a lot of unconventional oil and gas may boost the economy, without the proper regulations and oversight, fracking could do a lot of harm to the state’s farmland.بوستانهای تهران
شهر تهران اکنون از پربوستان ترين شهرهای جهان است. تهران ۱۰۵۱ عدد پارک کوچک و بزرگ دارد. بيشتر اين بوستانها از زمان شهرداری مهندس کرباسچی به بعد ايجاد شده است.
با کليک کردن روی اينجا به تارنمای سازمان پارکهای تهران ميرويد که در آنجا از راه يک نقشه کليک پذير ميتوانيد مشخصات و عکسهای بوستانهای اصلی تهران را ببينيد.
عکس زير: پارک ساعی
يارك ساعي به صورت جنگلي در سال ۱۳۲۹ به همت مهندس كريم ساعي استاد دانشگاه تهران بنيان گذاشته شد. در سال ۱۳۳۱ پس از سقوط هواپيماي حامل دكتر ساعي و در گذشت ايشان جنگل ساعي وابسته به وزارت كشاورزي به همان وضع پيشين باقي ماند. پس ازگسترش شهر تهران در سال ۱۳۳۷ جنگل ساعي به شهرداري تهران واگذار گرديد و در سال ۱۳۴۱ به همت سازمان پاركها تجهيز و به عنوان بوستان همگانی به بهره برداری رسيد.
عکس: بوستان آبی آزادگان اوايل جاده مشهد (خيابان خاوران)Temperature Control Technology for Aerospace
The universe is infinite - and merciless. The satellites orbiting the earth are already witnessing this. In particular, the extreme temperature differences between the side of the earth facing the sun and away from the sun pose a real challenge on the orbit of the satellites. Since maintenance or repair is impossible, all materials and components, as well as the satellite itself, must undergo intensive testing for which temperature and vacuum resistance are critical.آبیاری درخت گردو و آبیاری نهال گردو تازه کاشته شده، هر دو جزو مسائل مهمی هستند که به بازدهی باغ گردو و نهالستان گردو بسیار کمک می کنند. در کنار آبیاری نهال های گردو، پرداختن به نکات مهم نگهداری از نهال های جوان حائز اهمیت است.
نهال های گردو که تازه کاشته شده اند، هم به کوددهی مناسب نیاز دارند و هم باید روشهای صحیح آبیاری برای آنها انجام شود و از همه مهمتر، لازم است نهال ها از نظر بیماری های گیاهی یا آفت ها به صورت دوره ای کنترل شوند. اگر به احداث باغ گردو یا توسعه نهالستان گردو فکر می کنید، لازم است برنامهریزی دقیق تری را برای آبیاری و خرید ابزارهای و لوازم آبیاری نهال های گردو ترتیب دهید.
به طور کلی، فرایند آبیاری کردن گیاهان یکی از مهمترین عملیاتی است که موفقیت باغ گردو را تضمین می کند. میزان بارندگی در طول یک سال نشان میدهد که به طور طبیعی، چقدر درختان یا نهال های گردو از آب باران بهره مند شده اند.
در چند دهه گذشته، درصد زیادی از باغستان های گردو متاسفانه از آب کافی بهره مند نشدند. از آنجایی که کشاورزی سنتی به سرعت به کشاورزی با روش های مدرن مبدل شد، باغداران گردو و صاحبان نهالستان گردو به دنبال به کارگیری روش هایی بودند که آبیاری درختان گردو را ساده تر و موثرتر سازد.
به دنبال صحبت فوق، فناوری های جدید آبیاری درختان گردو و آبیاری نهال گردو به این سمت حرکت کرد که از منابع آب مصنوعی برای آبیاری استفاده شود. ابزار آبیاری شامل لوله های پلی اتیلن مخصوص آبیاری، آبیاری قطره ای یا شیلنگ های پلی اتیلنی هستند که در آن، آب از یک مخزن، به واسطه پمپ، به سمت نهال ها و درختان گردو هدایت می شود.
به طور کلی اگر آبیاری درخت گردو یا نهال های تازه کاشته شده با بازدهی بالا انجام گیرد، رشد چشمگیری از نظر تولید گردوی مرغوب شاهد خواهیم بود. از طرف دیگر، چوب درختان گردو پس از رسیدن به سن بلوغ، مرغوب بوده و میتوان از آن برای مصنوعات چوبی بهره گرفت.
مبانی و اصول آبیاری درخت گردو
به عنوان قاعده اول از اصول آبیاری درخت گردو، به طور متوسط، درختان گردو که به صورت تجاری بهره برداری می شوند در هر سال به 1270 میلی متر، معادل ۵۰ اینچ، بارندگی نیاز دارند.
به عنوان دومین قاعده از اصول آبیاری درختان گردو، این گیاهان در طول فصل تابستان، یعنی در ماه های ژوئن، جولای و آگوست به بیش از ۵۰ درصد از منابع آبی در طول یکسال، نیاز خواهند داشت. با این حال اگر شرایط آب و هوایی یک فصل بسیار خشک باشد، در مراحل خاص و با برنامه ریزی دقیق تر، آبیاری نهال های گردو باید به سرعت انجام شود.
در منابع گزارش شده است که آبیاری نهال گردو در زمستان در مناطقی که میزان بارندگی بسیار محدود است باعث افزایش رشد گیاهان در بهار می شود. علاوه بر این، حداکثر رشد گردو روی نهال ها و درختان در هفته پنجم تا هفتم پس از شکوفه زدن، رخ می دهد. در صورت عدم بارش باران، کمبود آبیاری در این دوره حساس ممکن است منجر شود اندازه گردوها بیش از حد کوچک باشد.
به عنوان یکی از فوت و فن های آبیاری درختان و نهال های گردو لازم است خاطرنشان کنیم بسیاری از کشاورزان، درختان گردو را از محیط خارجی در قسمت بالا، یعنی تاج درخت، شروع به آبیاری می کنند. این کار باعث می شود آب کمتری به تنه درخت برسد.
دلیل این کار این است که اگر تنه درخت که قسمت پایین نزدیک خاک قرار دارد با آب سیراب شود، احتمال شیوع بسیاری از بیماری ها را برای درخت گردو گسترش می دهد.
در این قسمت باز هم تاکید می کنیم قوانین آبیاری نهال های گردو در سال های مختلف پس از کاشت، به نوع نهال و ارقام مختلف گردو بستگی دارد. شرایط آب و هوایی نهالستان گردو و میزان بارش سالانه نشان می دهد که نیاز درخت گردو یا نهال گردو به آبیاری چقدر است.
متداول ترین روش های آبیاری درخت گردو و نهال گردو چیست؟
برای پرورش نهال های گردو و درختان گردو، چند روش ثابت به عنوان رایج ترین روش های آبیاری درخت گردو و نهال گردو تعریف شده است. برای نهالستان و باغ گردو که به صورت تجاری، گردوهای مرغوب تولید می کند، روش های غرقابی، آبیاری شیاری، آبیاری با نوار تیپ، آبیاری بارانی و آبیاری قطره ای پیشنهاد می شود.
روش های آبیاری، به باروری بهتر گردوها کمک می کند. از طرف دیگر، ترکیبی از فرایند کوددهی و آبیاری باعث میشود مواد مغذی، راحت تر در اختیار ریشه گیاه قرار بگیرند. از این تکنیک ها برای کودهایی استفاده می شود که محلول در آب هستند و باید توسط سیستم های آبیاری برای گیاهان اعمال گردد.
پیشنهاد می شود روش آبیاری غرقابی برای نهال های گردو و درختان گردو در فصل رشد گیاهان، هفته ای یکبار انجام گیرد. این توصیه، یک تعریف کلی است و ممکن است نیاز آبی نهال های گردو با یکدیگر متفاوت باشد. اگر برای آبیاری نهال های گردو دچار تردید هستید با مشاوران ما صحبت کنید تا جزئیات را در اختیار شما قرار دهند.
نکته دیگر درباره روش های آبیاری نهال گردو، توجه به فصل سال است. در فصل تابستان، آبیاری درختان گردو باید هفته ای چند بار انجام شود.
کشاورزی نوین باعث شده دستگاه ها و حسگرهای مدرن، به حوزه آبیاری درخت گردو نیز معرفی شوند. در این روش ها، دستگاه های مجهز به سنسور در خاک استفاده میشوند که میتوانند زمان و مدت آبیاری را مشخص کنند؛ در نتیجه از غرقاب شدن درختان گردو جلوگیری می شود. این دستگاه ها را می توانید به صورت دستی تنظیم کنید تا در حالت اتوماتیک، میزان نیاز گیاه را به صورت علائم هشدار نشان دهند.
چگونه درخت گردو را آبیاری کنیم؟
درصد زیادی از گردوهای پرورش داده شده در جهان به بازارهای صادراتی راه پیدا می کنند. معروف ترین نهال های گردو نظیر نهال گردو اسرائیلی، نهال گردو کانادایی، نهال گردو آمریکایی، نهال گردو چندلر و نهال گردو تویسر
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control are derived. To maintain bandwidth overlap in range, the satellites must fly in a common orbit tube of radius on the order of 100 m. To maintain Doppler bandwidth overlap, very stringent attitude control in pitch and yaw is needed.
One of the biggest drivers for maintaining the orbit tube requirement is the orbit maintenance maneuver frequency. With a frequency of at most one maneuver per day, simulation and analysis have separately shown that the satellite can be maintained in the required tube (within 100 m radius for 99% of the time). Figure 20 shows the tube flying simulation result with daily maneuvers.
The three-satellite configuration will provide complete coverage of Canada's land and oceans offering an average daily revisit at 50 m resolution, as well as a significant coverage of international areas for Canadian and international users. It will also offer average daily access to 95% of the world. The satellites will be interoperable, enabling tasking from one satellite to the next and will be equally spaced in a 600 km low earth orbit. The constellation has a flexible design, allowing up to six satellites to fly in the same plane.
The core data processing module in payload systems is often referred to as the CE (Central Electronics) subsystem. COM DEV Ltd. is the subcontractor to MDA for the CE. The main tasks of a CE subsystem are: demodulation, filtering and digitization of the SAR echo signals in the receive path, and generation of a Radar chirp, IF processing and RF power amplification in the transmit path. A simplified block diagram of the CE subsystem for the RCM payload is shown in Figure 21.
The CE poses many challenges in the analog, i.e., RF (Radio Frequency) domain. One of the challenges for the previous versions of the CE for RADARSAT-I and -II was in providing appropriate filtering for the multiple RBWs (Resolution Bandwidths). The present version of CE has to cater to 16 discrete RBWs ranging from 14 MHz to 100 MHz. The present design avoids the cumbersome SAW filter banks of previous versions by moving the RBW filtering to the digital domain. But the analog domain still is left with the serious challenge of meeting stringent system requirements on gain stability, noise figure, dynamic range, pulse distortion and spurious rejection – to name a few.
The receiver front end, shown in Figure 2, consists essentially of a switch to select between the transmit replica and the echo, a noise bandwidth limiting filter, the LNA, an image rejection filter that reduces the aliased thermal noise ratio (ATNR), and finally the mixer for down-converting the RF to the “baseband” IF which undergoes IF processing involving amplification and filtering before being digitized by the ADC (Analog Digital Converter).
Figure 22: Simplified block diagram of the receive front end of CE subsystem (image credit: COM DEV)
Receive DSP architecture: The CE receiver is an oversampling system where the analog signals are sampled at a higher rate and then down-sampled in the digital domain to a lower rate based on the RBW. The oversampling helps increase the signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR) by 3 dB for every down-sampling by a factor of 2. However, down-sampling requires careful design of anti-aliasing digital filters.
A functional block diagram of the CE receiver DSP module is shown in Figure 23. The received echo or the replica signal at IF goes through a high speed ADC. As a first step in the receiver chain, the ADC output is digitally down converted (demodulated) to baseband. The use of Fs/4 demodulation (Fs = sampling frequency), simplifies the down conversion operation to sign alteration of the ADC sample stream without any need for complex multiplication. The resulting I and Q baseband demodulated streams are passed through anti-aliasing low pass filter (LPF) followed by M:1 down-sampler. The LPF and down-sampler constitute a decimator that reduces the sampling rate of oversampled analog signal.
The design of the down-sampler and digital anti-aliasing filter is directed by two important criteria:
- The oversampling ratio, defined as the ratio between the actual sample rate and the Nyquist rate, should be optimized for all RBWs. The down-sampling ratio (M) of the CE receiver is carefully selected for different RBWs such that the oversampling ratio does not exceed 123 %.
- The number of taps in the resulting filters should not be too large for high decimation rates. This is generally achieved by two stage decimation where filter complexity in each stage is appropriate for the CE hardware.
Transmit DSP architecture: The basic requirement of the RCM CE transmitter is to provide high quality chirp waveforms at moderate power level suitable for distribution and amplification by the antenna T/R modules. Many of the quality aspects of the chirp waveform are related to the in-band chirp characteristics, timing, amplitude and phase, SNR, and out-of-band performance. Optimum RCM radar performance is achieved by using chirp waveforms that are not necessarily ideal up or down chirps with constant frequency slope and amplitude, but waveforms that may additionally embed some form of pre-distortion to correct for frequency-dependent distortions within the CE and/or the RCM radar payload.
IF sampling at the DAC puts a significant burden on storage and memory bus bandwidth requirements. As an alternative, the waveform samples can be generated at a lower rate that also meets the Nyquist requirements and eases the storage and memory bus bandwidth requirements. These samples can then be up-sampled and interpolated using low complexity digital filters before they can be fed to a DAC.
The basic functions of the Tx DSP module are waveform storage, high speed selection of waveform based on serial command, high speed memory retrieval of stored waveform selected, real time filtering, up-sampling and interpolating of the waveform to meet the DAC sampling rate requirement. A top-level view of the DSP subsystem within the CE transmitter is shown in Figure 24. The transmit pulse is generated digitally at baseband in the form of complex samples or I-Q pairs. Different from the CE receiver, the use of fixed sampling rate irrespective of the chirp RBW leads to a simpler design of the digital interpolation filter. The waveform samples are generated offline and stored in a flash on the DSP board that is capable of storing multiple chirp waveforms. Depending on the command from the ground station, one of the chirp waveforms is loaded into the SRAM from the flash.
Table 11: Comparison of SAR characteristics of the RADARSAT missions 53)
Increased Coverage Benefits:
• Current situation (1 satellite, RADARSAT-2):
- Mapping updated every 4 days
- Canadian land mass coverage update every 3.5 weeks
- Insufficient coverage for operational purposes (vessels, ice, pollution)
- Exact revisit every 24 days
- Northern and southern coverage limited ⇒ easy avoidance of detection
• With a 3-satellite constellation: (RCM)
- Daily coverage/mapping of Canadian areas of interest
- Canadian land mass coverage update better than weekly
- Operational responsiveness
- Exact revisit every 4 days
- Increased maritime probability of detection.
Figure 25: Daily coverage with RADARSAT-2 (image credit: CSA, MDA)
Figure 26: Daily coverage with RCM (image credit: CSA, MDA)
AIS (Automatic Identification System):
AIS is a payload of CSA and DND (Department of National Defense), Canada. Each satellite will include an AIS instrument. The overall objective is to monitor the ship traffic in the extensive waters of Canada (wide area surveillance capability). 54) 55)
AIS is a mixed ship and shore-based broadcast transponder system, operating in the VHF maritime band, which sends ship identification, position, heading, ship length, beam, type, draught and hazardous cargo information, to other ships as well as to shore. Of significance is that AIS can be monitored from satellites.
• Swath coverage of AIS: 800 km
• Accuracy of AIS: Better than 90% ship detection, for class A ships, when ships are in view for a minimum of 5 minutes.
• Waveband: VHF (162 MHz)
• AIS Antennas: two orthogonal monopole pairs mounted on the SAR panel.
- Provides omni-directional coverage (horizon to horizon)
- Provides circular polarization for receiving linearly polarized transmit signals that may have experienced Faraday rotation while propagating through the atmosphere
The AIS JIB monopole antennas are small self-deployable low-mass antennas provided by Northrop Grumman's Astro Aerospace business unit of Carpinteria, CA. 56)
• AIS Receiver: Filters, amplifies, frequency down converts and digitizes the AIS signals
• AIS Processor (ground based): Performs data demodulation, signal de-collision and message extraction.
Figure 27: AIS Receiver EM Unit (image credit: CSA, DND)
Figure 28: RCM AIS design concept (image credit: MDA)
Table 12: AIS data increase variants in support of global coverage
Figure 29: RCM deployed configuration (image credit: MDA) 57)
Figure 30: Maritime surveillance requirements of DND (image credit: CSA)
• The ground segment is driven by requirements for fast delivery of images acquired over Canada, and for fast tasking over international areas.
• It will be based on upgrades to the existing RADARSAT-1 and RADARSAT-2 Ground Segment facilities to allow basic constellation operations.
• The West and East Polar Epsilon stations will be used to support near real-time Maritime Surveillance
• Foreign stations, such as Svalbard, will be used for latency or data volume requirements.
The RCM ground segment is based on upgrades to the existing RADARSAT-2 ground segment, using the Gatineau and Prince Albert stations for data reception, the St-Hubert and Saskatoon stations for TT&C and the Svalbard station as a backup for TT&C and data reception. It will be harmonized for data reception at the Polar Epsilon coastal stations in order to support near-real time maritime surveillance. It will also include a fast tasking capability allowing access to the satellites on every orbit, likely achieved through international partnerships.
The ground segment baseline includes (Ref. 11):
• A MOC (Mission Operation Center) for mission operations and associated equipment and software, namely for data ordering, mission planning, satellite control, processing, image quality assessment and dissemination, at the CSA headquarters in Saint-Hubert
• The Natural Resources Canada (NRCan/CCRS) satellite ground stations network and EODMS for long-term data archiving and access
• The DND (Department of National Defence) PE (Polar Epsilon) ground stations on the East and West coasts, primarily for RCM data reception, processing, and exploitation in the context of their Polar Epsilon project
• A BCF (Backup Control Facility) at the CSA DFL (David Florida Laboratory) in Ottawa
• Access, through the MOC (Mission Operation Center), to a foreign ground station for occasional command and control of the satellites and data reception for urgent near real-time data acquisitions and down-linking.
Figure 31: RCM baseline data reception stations (image credit: CSA, Ref. 38)
RCM Data Policy Principles — as approved by the Deputy Ministers Governance Committee on Space (February 2014):
• Canadian interests first
- Give priority to GoC (Government of Canada) requirements in support of sovereignty, security and safety
- Fuel prosperity and advance foreign policy objectives
• Economic growth
- Strengthen Canadian industry’s capacity to commercialize value added application products and services, at home and abroad
• Support partnerships
- Enable cooperation with allies/partners to meet socio-economic and security objectives
- Support international organizations related to safety, humanitarian programs and other initiatives of benefit to Canadians
• Commercial distribution of RCM data
- Enable the commercial distribution of RCM data, while being compliant with the Open Government Strategy.
• Next Step:
- Baseline Policy currently within internal approval chain
- Initiate work on the Data Policy Implementation document for SAR and AIS data.
Data Utilization: The project scope includes an applications development program to assist government users to make optimum use of the data when the system becomes operational. The DUAP (Data Utilization and Applications Program) will provide technical assistance to federal departments to upgrade their applications and develop new ones exploiting data generated by the RCM; as well as to integrate applications into operational systems. These applications are needed to transform the data into value-added information and to assist user departments in making the transition from RADARSAT-2 to RCM data. The requirement arises because the orbiting and imaging parameters of the RCM satellites differ from those of predecessors RADARSAT-1 and RADARSAT-2, and to account for the abundance of data to be generated by the three satellites which will require high-volume automated information processing capacity at the users’ premises.
Figure 32: Maritime operational user needs coverage areas (image credit: CSA, Ref. 39)
2) Guy Séguin, “Radarsat constellation an evolution in the Canadian contributions to disaster management,” Proceedings of the 61st IAC (International Astronautical Congress), Prague, Czech Republic, Sept. 27-Oct. 1, 2010, IAC-10.B1.1.4
3) Dean Flett, Yves Crevier, Ralph Girard, “The RADARSAT Constellation Mission: Meeting the Government of Canada's Needs and Requirements,” Proceedings of IGARSS (IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium) 2009, Cape Town, South Africa, July 12-17, 2009
4) Guy Séguin, Daniel Gratton, “RADARSAT Constellation Mission Overview,” Proceedings of ASTRO 2010, 15th CASI (Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute) Conference, Toronto, Canada, May 4-6, 2010
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7) Yves Crevier, Dean Flett, “The RADARSAT Constellation Mission Overview and Capabilities for Marine Monitoring”,SeaSAR 2010, 3rd International Workshop on Advances in SAR Oceanography, January 25-29, 2010, Frascati, Italy, URL: http://earth.eo.esa.int/workshops/seasar2010/participants/592/pres_592_Crevier.pdf
8) Jérôme Colinas, Guy Séguin, Patrick Plourde, “RADARSAT Constellation, Moving toward Implementation,” Proceedings of IGARSS (IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium) 2010, Honolulu, HI, USA, July 25-30, 2010
9) James Fergusson, “Thinking Big: Canada's RADARSAT Constellation,” SpaceRef, Nov. 2011, URL: http://spaceref.ca/space-policy/is-canada-thinking-big-enough.html
Daniel De Lisle, Paris W. Vachon“From RADARSAT-2 to RADARSAT
Constellation Mission data continuity,” Proceedings of SeaSAR
2012, The 4th International Workshop on Advances in SAR Oceanography, Tromsø, Norway, June 18-22, 2012, URL: https://earth.esa.int
11) Daniel De Lisle, Steve Iris, ”RADARSAT Constellation Mission Status Update,” Proceedings of EUSAR 2016, 11th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, Hamburg, Germany, June 6-9, 2016
12) G. Séguin, “A Canadian Constellation of C-Band SAR Satellites,” Proceedings of the 56th IAC 2005, Fukuoda, Japan, Oct. 17-21, 2005, IAC-05-B1.2.07
13) P. Allan, A. Baylis, D. Kefallinos, L. Martins-Camelo, “Progress in the RADARSAT Follow-on Constellation Payload Design,” Proceedings of the 56th IAC 2005, Fukuoda, Japan, Oct. 17-21, 2005, IAC-05-B1.3.02
14) D. Geudtner, G. Séguin, “Capabilities of Canada's planned RADARSAT Constellation,” Proceedings of EUSAR 2006, Dresden, Germany, May 16-18, 2006
15) Dirk Geudtner, Guy Séguin, “Application Potentials of the planned RADARSAT Constellation,” Proceedings of the International Radar Symposium 2007 (IRS 2007), Cologne, Germany, Sept. 5-7, 2007, URL: http://elib.dlr.de/58505/1/IRS_07_RCM_geudtner_paper145.pdf
17) J. Hornsby, “The RADARSAT Story Yet to Come,” EOBN 2008 (Earth Observation Business Network), May 13-14, 2008, Richmond, BC, Canada
18) G. Séguin, R. Girard, Y. Crevier, “RCM Capabilities for Ice & Sea-Ice Applications,” 8th IICWG (International Ice Charting Working Group) Meeting, Frascati, Italy, Oct. 22-26, 2007
19) Guy Séguin, Daniel Gratton, “RADARSAT Constellation Project Status and Application to Disaster Monitoring,” Proceedings of the 27th ISTS (International Symposium on Space Technology and Science) , Tsukuba, Japan, July 5-12, 2009, paper: 2009-n-01
20) Savi Sachdev, Guy Séguin, “Radarsat Constellation An evolution of the Radarsat program,” Proceedings of the 60th IAC (International Astronautical Congress), Daejeon, Korea, Oct. 12-16, 2009, IAC-09.B1.6.5
21) Stéphane Chalifoux, et al., “RADARSAT Missions,” POLINSAR 2011, The 5th
International Workshop on Science and Applications of SAR Polarimetry
and Polarimetric Interferometry, Frascati, Italy, January 24-28, 2011,
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lawmakers to get behavioral health funding added to this bill.
In addition to the Farm Bill efforts, The STRESS Act (H.R. 5259) has just been introduced. This bi-partisan bill would provide critical resources for farmers experiencing emotional, physical, and financial distress. The bill would also establish the Farm and Ranch Stress Assistance Network, which will coordinate assistance programs for farmers and ranchers, including crisis hotlines, educational and outreach services, and training for farmer advocates.
Arizona Congressman Tom O’Halleran worked with other representatives and sponsors to make this bill possible. Click here for more information on the bill, and to urge your representatives to support this important initiative.
Agriculture is vital to the health and well-being of all individuals in this nation. Farmers in Arizona and the rest of the country need help. Together, we can put an end to this crisis.
If you or a loved one are seeking help, here are a few resources you can reach out to:
- National Suicide Prevention Lifeline: 1-800-273-8255
- EMPACT Suicide Prevention Center: 1-866-205-5229
- Southern Arizona Mental Health Corp Crisis Line: 1-800-796-6762Experts believe they may be able to turn back the clock as much as 40 years after identifying a chemical shown to rewind the effects of old age in mice.
A natural compound found in all living cells called NAD could be the key to slowing down the ageing process or reversing it altogether.
Tests showed that when NAD was given to two-year-old mice for just one week their body tissue resembled that of mice aged only six months old.
Professor David Sinclair, an expert in genetics at Harvard Medical School in the US, said: “In human years, this would be like a 60-year-old converting to a 20-year-old.”
The compound works by restoring communication between energy cells in the body which break down as we get older.
Prof Sinclair added: “The ageing process we discovered is like a married couple – when they are young, they communicate well, but over time, living in close quarters for many years, communication breaks down.
“And just like with a couple, restoring communication solved the problem.
“There’s clearly much more work to be done here, but if these results stand, then many aspects of ageing may be reversible if caught early.”
The experts are also exploring whether NAD can be used to treat rare diseases and more common ones such as diabetes.
The findings were published in the scientific research journal Cell.Mol Biol Evol｜吴爱平课题组揭示流感病毒抗原变异的关键分子机制
日期：2019-03-13 浏览次数：2829
季节性流感病毒的反复流行和变异，给整个人类社会带来了巨大的经济损失和疾病负担。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的估算，每年流感病毒感染的全球人群高达1亿，其中300-500万人显著患病，并且有29-65万的患者死亡。目前，最有效的流感防控策略依然是对人群进行疫苗接种。然而，由于流感病毒主要表面抗原蛋白HA上频繁的位点突变，导致突变病毒更容易逃避宿主免疫，从而发生显著的抗原变异，使得疫苗保护失效。因此，如果能识别出病毒抗原变异的决定性位点突变，掌握这些关键位点突变的结构、功能和进化特征等，将为流感病毒的变异监测、趋势预警和疫苗株选择提供非常重要的指导。
图1：抗原决定性位点识别方法RECDS的方法学流程
针对这一重要科学问题，吴爱平课题组开发了一个基于机器学习的抗原决定性位点识别方法RECDS（图1），通过整合病毒序列、结构和进化信息，系统地度量了流感病毒HA蛋白上每个位点在整个流感病毒进化历史中的抗原贡献，识别出了甲型流感H3N2和H1N1病毒抗原变异过程中最关键的10-15个决定性突变位点（图2）。他们发现，流感病毒H3N2的抗原类变异决定性位点主要分布在HA蛋白的受体结合区（RBD）附近，而H1N1除了分布在RBD区外，还分布在另外一个残留酯酶区域（ED），这表明两种亚型病毒既采用了一致的突变策略，又有自身特异性的变异机制（图2）。这也一定程度上解释了为什么甲型H3N2病毒抗原变异快而H1N1病毒抗原变异相对较慢。
图2：流感病毒H3N2和H1N1的抗原决定性位点的结构分布特征
通过结合病毒进化信息，该研究还进一步刻画出了每个关键位点在抗原变异过程中的突变类型和历史（图3），为病毒位点突变和抗原变异的对应监测提供了直接支持。此外，从病毒角度，他们系统描绘出了流感病毒抗原变异过程中的整体关键位点突变轨迹和支配规律（图4），为疫苗株推荐提供了关键位点靶标。
图3：代表性抗原决定性位点的进化分析
图4：季节性流感H3N2和H1N1抗原决定性位点的突变路径
上述成果已于2019年3月9日发表在国际著名期刊Molecular Biology and Evolution上，题为“Cluster-transition determining sites underlying the antigenic evolution of seasonal influenza viruses”。中国医学科学院苏州系统医学研究所吴爱平课题组的权丽君博士为该项工作的第一作者，吴爱平研究员为通讯作者。该研究得到了国家重点研发计划、国防科技创新特区项目、医科院医学与健康科技创新工程、国家和江苏省自然科学基金以及江苏省六大人才高峰等项目的共同支持。
文章链接: https://academic.oup.com/mbe/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/molbev/msz050/5372682“If more people valued home above gold, the world would be a merrier place.” Thorin临死前的这句话，虽然和原著有些许不同，但却响应了《霍比特人》电影三部曲始终贯穿的主题——家园。
AUJ里最令我感动的一幕是Thorin远眺着孤山说“Our home”，那时眼神中充满了向往和自豪。DOS里矮人们打开秘门的时候，Thorin轻抚着石壁说”I know these walls, these halls, the stones.”，充满了回到久别家园的感慨和心酸。而到了这一部，他对家园的渴望已被龙病所扭曲。但当Bilbo告诉Thorin，他要将从Beorn花园捡的橡果种在自己的花园里的时候，Thorin心中原来对家园的渴望有一瞬间被他这个小而温馨的举动所唤醒，但那个短暂的微笑却很快被长湖镇民来河谷城避难的消息终结。重夺孤山一路充满了艰辛，任何威胁Thorin都不会允许。
但龙病使他逐渐忘却了这趟冒险的原因。Smaug死后，再也没有任何能够阻挡在Thorin和满山黄金之间的东西了。他不惜毁坏Erebor的建筑将自己与外界隔断，对自己曾经许下的诺言轻易背弃，甚至开始怀疑最忠诚和忠心的伙伴，沉浸在无尽的黄金和寻找Arkenstone的焦躁情绪里。长年的流落异乡、夺回家园的不易、对Arkenstone的执念，让曾经极力想要避免自己和祖父走上相同道路的Thorin慢慢变得和Thror一样，后来我甚至觉得，他的病症严重程度已经超过了Thror。从他换上黄金铠甲戴上王冠的那一刻，原来的Thorin已经完全消失，他完全变了，不再信任Bilbo以外的任何人。他把mithril锁子甲送给Bilbo作为友情的象征，但这一幕让我觉得特别心酸，这个举动在此时的情形下，看起来仿佛是为了感谢Bilbo对他的忠心，也像是想要挽留Bilbo希望他不要背叛自己。五军之战开始后，前来增援的铁山矮人已被重重包围，Thorin却懦弱地躲在Erebor大厅的深处，心中唯一所想的就是守护财宝，对保卫家园已毫不关心，甚至不惜说出用别人的生命来换得财宝的安全是值得的这样的混账话。他在命令Dwalin离开的时候，语气中充满了挣扎，似乎他自己能够感到龙病的影响，却无法战胜它，只能任其摆布。后来Thorin站在Gallery of Kings的黄金地面上的心理独白，就是他与龙病的抗争，那个他将王冠重重扔掉的远景，是电影里我最喜欢的镜头之一。
电影中我非常喜欢的改编是对Thorin和Bilbo关系的处理。从轻视到接纳，继而感激与信任，Bilbo一路上的举动赢得了Thorin的友情。尽管Thorin对此只字未提，他却无比相信Bilbo，在受了龙病影响变得孤僻的时候，只愿和他一人吐露内心的疑惑。其实在看完AUJ的时候就预料到两个人的关系会随着故事的发展变得非常密切，到了第三部可以来个令人痛心的决裂。但真正看到这里的时候，有更多的心理准备，都无法阻止这种决裂带来的伤感…但无论Thorin变得怎样Bilbo却始终没有放弃这段友情。原著里Thorin最后和Bilbo告别的场景发生在军营里，电影将这个场景搬到了冰雪中。“Go back to your books and your armchair, plant your trees and watch them grow.” 看到这里的时候，我已经抹了一遍又一遍眼泪。Thorin死了，Bilbo一遍遍念着“The eagles are coming”，但这次，老鹰也无法再挽救他了。冒险途中患难与共，仿佛都是因为一纸合同，到了最后，当旅程终结，同伴离去，回想起来才意识到 “He was my friend.”Yahudi yerleşimcilerin işgal altındaki Batı Şeria'da Filistinlilere ait 100 zeytin ağacını söktüğü, bir çobanı da yaraladığı bildirildi.
Yerel kaynaklar, yaklaşık 20 Yahudi yerleşimcinin El Halil kentine bağlı Zanuta beldesi kırsalında iki Filistinli çobana saldırdığını belirtti.
Yahudi yerleşimcilerin saldırısı sonucu yaralanan bir çobanın hastaneye kaldırıldığı diğerinin ise İsrail güçlerince gözaltına alındığı ifade edildi.
Öte yandan yine El Halil'e bağlı Tarkumiya beldesinde de Filistinlilere ait en az 100 zeytin ağacının Yahudi yerleşimcilerce söküldüğü kaydedildi.
Yahudi yerleşimciler, Batı Şeria'da sık sık Filistinlilere saldırıyor ve onların temel geçim kaynaklarını hedef alıyor.
İsrail'in 1967'de işgal ettiği Batı Şeria'da 250'den fazla yasa dışı Yahudi yerleşim birimi bulunuyor. Bu yerlerde ikamet eden yaklaşık 450 bin Yahudi yerleşimci, işgal altında yaşayan Filistinliler için hayatı daha da zor hale getiriyor.
Uluslararası hukuka göre, işgal altındaki topraklarda bulunan tüm Yahudi yerleşim birimleri yasa dışı kabul ediliyor.Why is the ACL Injury More Common in Females?
The sudden deceleration, shifting in the knee, popping sound and screaming from the intense pain
that immediately follows is becoming increasingly common among our young athletes. Those who
have witnessed or suffered a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are familiar with the pain,
surgery and intense 6 to 8 month rehabilitation that accompanies the injury, not to mention the
disappointment of ending a season. Nationwide, this will occur more than 500,000 times this year,
and female athletes with ACL injuries outnumber males 5 to 7 to 1.
Why is this injury more common in female athletes, especially basketball and soccer players? What
is it about young female athletes that puts them at such a high risk for this devastating injury?
Several factors contribute to this trend. ACL injuries in females and the biodynamics involved are
among the most widely studied topics in sports medicine. Through this research, we have learned
that boys and girls differ in many ways beyond those typically considered.
Females have wider hips than males, which increase the angle on the knee joint. The knee was
designed as a hinge joint that is supposed to rock forward and back in the frontal plane. Females'
wider hips create an inward-directed inward angle on the knee, which causes it to roll side to side
like a ball and socket joint. This increases stress on the ACL, especially during landing and cutting
Females also have a narrower notch in the inside of the knee. The ACL travels through the middle of
the knee joint through a notch called the intercondylar notch. Since it is narrower in females, the
ACL may get pinched or frayed during cutting, increasing the risk of tear.
Hamstrings (muscles in the back of the thigh) are protective of the ACL and the quadriceps
(muscles in the front of the thigh or quads) are antagonists of the ACL. In other words, during
landing or cutting, if the hamstrings contract first, the tibia (shinbone) is stabilized and the ACL is
"protected." On the other hand, if the quadriceps contract first, before the hamstrings can stabilize
the ACL, then the stress on the ACL is increased, leaving it at risk for a tear. In general, the
quadriceps of females are stronger than their hamstrings, putting the ACL at an even higher risk. In
males, the hamstrings are stronger, thus protecting the ACL.
Additionally, biomechanical research shows that the gluteus muscles, or external rotators of the hip,
fire differently in males and females. In males, the hip muscles fire a split second before landing,
thus stabilizing the hips, or core. With females, the glutes don't fire before or after landing, so the
hips rotate in, the knees buckle inward, and the ACL is stressed.
Sports typically involve some degree of running, jumping, landing, cutting, acceleration and/or
deceleration. Females tend to perform these tasks with more of a straight leg than males. This
straight leg landing pattern does not let the muscles of the thighs and calves absorb the shock, so
the stress of landing is transferred to the ligaments of the joint, like the ACL.
Now that these biomechanical differences have been identified, can we correct them? Some we can,
but some we cannot. For example, we can't change the shape of an athlete. If a child has wide hips
and a stocky build, this may increase the inward angle on the knee, stressing the ACL.
On the other hand, through strength and proprioceptive (balance) training, we have been able to
train female athletes to fire their hip muscles and glutes in ways similar to males, thus stabilizing
their ACLs. We can also change the hamstring to quadricep strength ratio to make it more favorable
for protection of the ACL. With proper training and conditioning, female athletes can avoid ACL
injuries and stay in the game.Here are some relevant Labor Day facts from our friends at the U. S Census Bureau:
The first observance of Labor Day was likely on Sept. 5, 1882, when some 10,000 workers assembled in New York City for a parade. The parade inspired similar events across the country, and by 1894 more than half the states were observing a “workingmen’s holiday” on one day or another. Later that year, with Congress passing legislation and President Grover Cleveland signing the bill on , the first in September was designated “Labor Day.” This national holiday is a creation of the labor movement in the late 19th century and pays tribute to the social and economic achievements of workers in America.The extreme cold in the North can seriously affect the operation and performance of ventilation systems such as heat/energy recovery ventilators in residential buildings. Currently, single core heat/energy recovery ventilator (HRV/ERV) units are installed in Canada’s North. At present, no HRVs/ERVs are designed or manufactured to meet the rigorous operation requirements in the Far North characterized by harsh climate and overcrowding.
The National Research Council (NRC) undertook a project in 2016, led by research Boualem Ouazia, to study technology innovations that can overcome problems faced by conventional single core HRVs/ERVs due to the frost formation in the heat/energy exchangers. The aim is to reduce operating failures of such units installed in the north, to improve the ventilation of northern homes (to meet the ventilation requirements set by the National Building Code and to reduce the energy consumption.
An alternative to conventional single core HRVs/ERVs is a novel dual core unit designed with either two parallel heat exchangers or two cores (sensible and enthalpy cores) in series. Such a design will address the frost buildup in the HRV/ERV units deployed in the harsh Arctic climate.
Two technologies with dual core design have been identified in collaboration with industry:
A dual core air handling unit is designed with a regenerative cyclic dual core heat exchanger, based on the cyclic storage and release of heat in the corrugated sheets alternately exposed to exhaust and intake air. It includes a supply and an exhaust fan and two cores filled with specially corrugated thick aluminum plates which act as heat accumulators. In between the cores is a patented damper section which changes over every 60 seconds to periodically direct warm air through one of the two cores while outside air gains heat from the heated aluminum plates in the other core. The technology does not require a defrost strategy or pre-heating system for application in harsh cold climates.
A dual core heat/energy recovery unit designed with sensible core and enthalpy core in series. The technology works by using one core as a pre-heat and the second as a booster. The configuration is designed to reduce the potential of core freeze-up. Outdoor air is brought through the pre-heat core first and then into the booster core; exhaust air passes through the booster core first and then through the pre-heat core. This allows moisture in the exhaust air to condense in the booster core and be drained away reducing the likelihood of freeze-up in the pre-heat core.
This research project was a rigorous investigation on the performance of innovative dual core
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Flight Simulator in January 24th, 2008 – Test pilot Brian . [+] Binnie in the Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo flight simulator, which will take passengers a year to just over 100 km altitude; Virgin Galactic’s first world is the spaceline owning an (Photo by Thierry BOCCON-GIBOD/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images)
Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images
As is often the case in human spaceflight, the vehicle’s development has not been without hiccups. In July 2007, an explosion occurred during a SpaceShipTwo oxidizer test at Mojave Air and Space Port, killing three employees and injuring three others with flying shrapnel. The company suffered an additional setback in October 2014 when a SpaceShipTwo vehicle broke up during a crewed test flight and crashed in the Mojave desert. The vehicle’s co-pilot was killed and the pilot was seriously injured. A subsequent inquiry by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) concluded that the crash was caused by the co-pilot’s premature deployment of the spacecraft air brake device for atmospheric re-entry. The board also cited inadequate design safeguards against human error, poor pilot training and lack of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) oversight as contributors to the accident.
Since conclusion of the NTSB investigation in 2015, the SpaceShipTwo team has conducted 13 successful crewed test flights using its upgraded VSS Unity spaceship. These tests are in addition to the 54 successful test flights that occurred using the VSS Enterprise ship prior to its 2014 crash. Since the crash, Virgin Galactic has also taken over construction of the spacecraft from Scaled Composites, and has redesigned critical components in house to ensure passenger safety.
To date, more than 600 individuals have put down deposits for crewed tourist flights onboard SpaceShipTwo. The total price tag for a flight is $250,000 USD, and customers are asked to front half the ticket price to reserve their spot in advance. A specific launch date for the vehicle’s first commercial passenger flight has not been announced, but founder Sir Richard Branson said earlier this year that he hoped it would occur “in months not years.” In fall 2019, the company began its “Astronaut Readiness Program,” a preparatory course for customers that have reserved seats onboard one of the company’s first passenger flights.
3. Steady launch cadence for Russia’s Soyuz
KYZYLORDA REGION, KAZAKHSTAN – JUNE 6, 2018: A Soyuz-FG rocket booster carrying the Soyuz MS-09 . [+] spacecraft with the ISS Expedition 56/57 prime crew members, European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Alexander Gerst, Roscosmos cosmonaut Sergey Prokopyev, and NASA astronaut Serena M. Aunon-Chancellor, aboard blasts off to the International Space Station from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Sergei Savostyanov/TASS (Photo by Sergei SavostyanovTASS via Getty Images)
While NASA’s Commercial Crew providers continue their work towards operational flights, Russia’s Soyuz vehicle retains its monopoly on crew transportation to the ISS. Launching from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the Soyuz program has been transporting astronauts and cosmonauts into orbit since 1968. With a fatality rate of 1 in 63 people sent to orbit, Soyuz is thus far the safest human spaceflight system in history. (In contrast, the Space Shuttle’s fatality rate was approximately 1 in 56.)
As of December 2019, Soyuz Expeditions 62 and 63 are on the books for April and May 2020 launches, respectively. Each mission will ferry a crew of 3 astronauts between the Earth and ISS. While NASA hopes to reduce its dependence on the Russians for ISS transportation in the near future, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine stated in October 2019 that the agency was looking into purchasing an additional Soyuz seat for fall 2020 or spring 2021 to protect for additional Commercial Crew delays. Although both Commercial Crew partners are expected to launch crew in early 2020, Bridenstine noted that when it comes to human spaceflight development, “usually things don’t go according to plan.”
4. China’s Shenzhou 12 mission and Tiangong Space Station
BEIJING, Oct. 19, 2016 — Photo taken on Oct. 19, 2016 shows the screen at the Beijing Aerospace . [+] Control Center showing a simulated picture of an automated docking between the Shenzhou-11 manned spacecraft and the orbiting space lab Tiangong-2. The Shenzhou-11 manned spacecraft successfully completed its automated docking with the orbiting Tiangong-2 space lab Wednesday morning, according to Beijing Aerospace Control Center. (Xinhua/Ju Zhenhua via Getty Images)
As of 2019, China is the only nation with human spaceflight capabilities that is not a member of the ISS program. The Chinese manned spaceflight initiative, dubbed the “Shenzhou” program, successfully sent its first crew member into orbit in October 2003. Since then, the country has successfully completed 5 other crewed missions using its Shenzhou spacecraft and Long March rocket.
The last of these 5 missions – Shenzhou 11 – was launched in October 2016. After a 4 year hiatus, China plans to send its next crew up in 2020. As China does not participate in the ISS, the country plans to create its own Tiangong Space Station, which will be constructed, owned, and operated solely by the Chinese government. Tiangong is expected to have an orbital lifetime of at least 10 years and to be able to accommodate 3 to 6 astronauts at a time, making it a project of similar scale to the ISS. The Chinese government has stated that it aims to complete construction of the station by 2022.
Looking beyond 2020, the rest of the decade appears rife with opportunity for both the commercial space industry and for government programs with deeper space ambitions. NASA’s Artemis program aims to send “the first woman and next man” to the Moon by 2024. The program has yet to announce a launch date for its uncrewed Artemis 1 test flight, but earlier this month, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine stated that he believed it would be sometime in 2021 based on the current Space Launch System (SLS) development schedule.
A model of the SLS rocket on display during the 35th Space Symposium at The Broadmoor in Colorado . [+] Springs, Colorado on April 9, 2019. – NASA is preparing to use the SLS rocket to send US astronauts to the moon in 2024. The four day symposium is the largest space trade show in the world, attracting leaders focusing on space technology, satellite development, rocket design, and space policy. (Photo by Jason Connolly / AFP) (Photo credit should read JASON CONNOLLY/AFP via Getty Images)
SpaceX, in turn, looks to continue pushing the boundaries by exploring destinations beyond the ISS. The company’s #dearMoon project, which is scheduled for launch no earlier than 2023, aims to send Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa to orbit the Moon in a SpaceX Starship vehicle along with a crew of several artists. In addition to advancing human spaceflight, one of the project’s major goals is to inspire the creation of new art to promote peace across the world. Initial tests of the Starship system have commenced in Boca Chica, Texas, using subscale models of the spacecraft.
SpaceX Starship design as of September 2018, at the unveiling of the #dearMoon mission.
The successful certification and operation of any of the aforementioned vehicles will be a huge milestone, both for the space industry and for humanity as a whole. If the 2010s were the decade of SpaceX, perhaps the 2020s will be the decade where space tourism finally becomes a reality. With a little luck, it could even be the decade where humans once again venture beyond low-Earth orbit.9. I pastori africani hanno preso coscienza delle Osservazioni Generali nº2 sull’articolo 14.1 (a), (b), (c) e (f) e l’articolo 14.2 (a) e (c) del Protocollo alla Carta Africana dei Diritti dell’Uomo e dei Popoli Relativo ai Diritti delle Donne in Africa [2], adottate dalla Commissione nel maggio 2014. Abbiamo constatato con costernazione la determinazione dei veri autori di queste osservazioni – la lobby transnazionale dei “diritti riproduttivi” – a far tutto perché gli Stati firmatari del Protocollo legalizzino o depenalizzino l’aborto medico sicuro, o rivedano le leggi restrittive per ampliarle; forniscano l’“accesso universale” alla “gamma completa” dei contraccettivi moderni; rimuovano le barriere ai servizi di salute riproduttiva che ritengono “basati su ideologie o convinzioni” (25); inseriscano la salute riproduttiva nei programmi scolastici (52) e i diritti sessuali e riproduttivi nei corsi di educazione civica (60); “sensibilizzino” i leader religiosi e i capi tradizionali sui diritti sessuali e riproduttivi delle donne (44); garantiscano la prestazione di informazioni complete e di un’educazione sessuale agli adolescenti (51) e così via. Com quale diritto le ONG occidentali che rappresentano solo i propri interessi ideologici affermano che sia giuridicamente vincolante per gli Stati africani la loro visione del mondo? Perché questa programmazione e questa volontà di inquinamento e perversione generalizzata del continente africano?
10.Noi, pastori africani, siamo consapevoli che le pressioni vengono da tutte le parti e non sono solo giuridiche. Sono anche culturali, politiche, finanziarie ed economiche. Le dichiarazioni politiche adottate in quest’ultimo decennio a livello di Unione Africana contengono lo stesso programma. La Dichiarazione di Addis Abeba sulla Popolazione e lo Sviluppo in Africa, adottata in tutti i Paesi tranne il Ciad, è l’ultima a livello cronologico. LaCampagna per l’Accelerazione della Riduzione della Mortalità Materna, Neonatale e Infantile in Africa promuove attivamente la contraccezione come mezzo per ridurre la mortalità materna! Prima di questa, il Piano d’Azione di Maputo per l’Implementazione del Quadro di Orientamento Continentale per la Promozione della Salute e dei Diritti Sessuali e Riproduttivi è stato dettato integralmente dagli agenti della rivoluzione sessuale occidentale. Tutte queste pressioni politiche ed economiche hanno un unico obiettivo: il controllo e la drastica riduzione della popolazione africana, la demolizione pianificata del matrimonio e della famiglia. Noi africani dobbiamo dire categoricamente “No” a questo progetto che finisce per assassinare il nostro continente. “Stiamo attenti alle nuove colonizzazioni ideologiche”, ci esorta papa Francesco. “Esistono colonizzazioni ideologiche che cercano di distruggere la famiglia. Non nascono dal sogno, dalla preghiera, dall’incontro con Dio, dalla missione che Dio ci dà, vengono da fuori e per questo dico che sono colonizzazioni. Non perdiamo la libertà della missione che Dio ci dà, la missione della famiglia. E così come i nostri popoli, in un momento della loro storia, arrivarono alla maturità di dire “no” a qualsiasi colonizzazione politica, come famiglie dobbiamo essere molto molto sagaci, molto abili, molto forti, per dire ‘no’ a qualsiasi tentativo di colonizzazione ideologica della famiglia” [3]. Allo stesso modo, come possiamo non lamentare l’inclusione dell’“Introduzione di un’educazione sessuale e riproduttiva completa adatta all’età”(par. 41) e dell’“accesso universale alla salute sessuale e riproduttiva e ai diritti in materia di riproduzione” nella Posizione Africana Comune sul Programma di Sviluppo per il post-2015 dell’Unione Africana?
11. I miliardi di dollari assegnati alla produzione e distribuzione di preservativi e contraccettivi, così come l’implementazione di programmi di educazione sessuale che non rispettano le norme morali universali, sono uno scandalo che grida vendetta ai cieli, una nuova schiavitù inflitta dall’idolo “denaro”. L’obiettivo da raggiungere è, in particolare, controllare efficacemente la crescita della popolazione africana, in base al “modello” occidentale, che attualmente accusa in Europa una crescita zero.
12. È giunto il momento di demistificare quello che il linguaggio della governance mondiale [4] definisce “proprietà nazionale” e iniziative “condotte dai Paesi”. No, questi programmi non hanno nulla di africano! Sono, dalla A alla Z, pilotati da agenti esterni all’Africa: dall’introduzione di concetti normativi dello “sviluppo” come il “genere” o la “salute riproduttiva” alla redazione dei documenti politici o giuridici [5] e alla loro adozione, poi alla loro implementazione e infine alla supervisione della loro applicazione. Facciamo appello alla responsabilità degli africani che, comprati dal denaro, collaborano a questi programmi odiosi e mortali. Invitiamo insistentemente i responsabili politici e religiosi, che hanno il duro compito di guidare e proteggere le nostre popolazioni africane, a studiare com attenzione e ad analizzare con grande cura e responsabilità i documenti, le strategie e i programmi di sviluppo della governance mondiale. Questi documenti, anche se nella loro presentazione e formulazione esteriore sembrano perseguire elementi di benessere e di prosperità per tutti, in realtà quando integrano, spesso in modo velato, l’agenda della rivoluzione sessuale occidentale sono veri programmi di distruzione dei poveri e dei valori dell’umanità, e non di sviluppo che rispetta la dignità e la sacralità della persona umana e del benessere della famiglia.
13. Noi pastori africani constatiamo oggi con profonda tristezza che il programma di sviluppo mondiale post 2015, nel suo stato di elaborazione attuale, porta avanti la dinamica delle conferenze del Cairo e di Pechino, e che vent’anni dopo queste conferenze le partnership istituite per implementarle sono diventate una potente forza politica e finanziaria. Ma queste “partnership”, nelle quali i nostri Governi e le nostre popolazioni si coinvolgono tanto facilmente, rubano agli africani la loro libertà sovrana e tradiscono la loro fiducia!
14. Noi, vescovi di Africa e Madagascar, sappiamo che le nostre preoccupazioni sono condivise da altre confessioni religiose, cristiane e musulmane, presenti nel continente, e dalle religioni tradizionali africane. Sono anche quelle dei nostri popoli, radicate nelle culture che celebrano la bellezza e la sacralità della vita e della famiglia. Autori e partner, africani o stranieri, dei programmi della cosiddetta “liberazione sessuale”, ascoltate la voce della vostra coscienza! Risvegliate la vostra coscienza! Ricordate che ogni persona umana dovrà presentare i conti a Dio per le sue azioni.
15. Papa San Gelasio I, un africano, scrisse nel 494 in una lettera indirizzata all’imperatore bizantino Anastasio I (491-518): “Supplico la tua pietà di non considerare arroganza l’ubbidienza ai princìpi divini. Non si dica di un imperatore romano, ti prego, che egli giudichi ingiuria la verità comunicata al suo intendimento. Due sono infatti i poteri, o augusto imperatore, con cui questo mondo è principalmente retto: la sacra autorità dei pontefici e la potestà regale. Tra i due, l’importanza dei sacerdoti è tanto più grande, in quanto essi dovranno rendere ragione al tribunale divino anche degli stessi reggitori d’uomini. Tu sai certo, o clementissimo figlio, che, pur essendo per la tua dignità al di sopra degli uomini, tuttavia devi piegare devotamente il capo dinanzi a coloro che sono preposti alle cose divine, e da loro aspettare le condizioni della tua salvezza”.5 piccoli cracker Sweety Xmas per un pranzo di Natale super festoso!
Un set di 5 bellissimi cracker Sweety Xmas, da mettere in tavola per completare la decorazione della festa e per creare l'atmosfera all'inizio o alla fine del pasto!
Il principio: ci si dispone 2 a 2, faccia a faccia, ognuno spara al proprio lato del cracker. Il primo lato che cede è il vincitore, che si aggiudica i piccoli doni nascosti all'interno.
Ogni cracker contiene 1 campana, 1 foglio di adesivi e alcuni coriandoli.Please find the National Online Safety guide for What Parents and Carers Need to Know about iPads below.
Download: What Parents and Carers Need to Know about iPads [PDF]
When Apple unveiled the iPad in early 2010, they almost single-handedly rewrote people’s idea of what of a portable computing device was capable of – and sparked a tablet revolution. There are several very respectable imitators on the market now, but the iPad remains the standard bearer for tablet computers and still routinely shifts upwards of 40 million units every year.
Their immense popularity, of course, has made the iPad a familiar companion for children and young people: an auxiliary TV; an aid for schoolwork; and a blessing on long car journeys. That said, there are still some aspects of Apple’s flagship tablet that parents and carers should bear in mind to help protect their child from online risks – as our #WakeUpWednesday guide explains.
This guide highlights possible hazards including the risk of age-inappropriate content, physical damage to the device and potential screen addiction.With a view to trace the Mongol expansion in Tuvinian gene pool we studied two largest Tuvinian clans – those in which, according to data of humanities, one could expect the highest Central Asian ancestry, connected with the Mongol expansion. Thus, the results of Central Asian ancestry in these two clans component may be used as upper limit of the Mongol influence upon the Tuvinian gene pool in a whole. According to the data of 59 Y-chromosomal SNP markers, the haplogroup spectra in these Tuvinian tribal groups (Mongush, N = 64, and Oorzhak, N = 27) were similar. On average, two-thirds of their gene pools (63 %) are composed by North Eurasian haplogroups (N*, N1a2, N3a, Q) connected with autochtonous populations of modern area of Tuvans. The Central Asian haplogroups (
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8,451 | 5 | 1 |
che abbiano un cash flow significativo, garantiscano profitti continui, abbiano bilanci solidi e una leadership a lungo termine.
In questo post, analizziamo le tendenze del settore e le aziende che sono nella posizione migliore per capitalizzare a lungo temrine.
La tecnologia continua a dominare altri settori
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Ad agosto, Apple Inc. è diventata la prima società statunitense quotata in borsa a raggiungere la capitalizzazione di mercato di $2 trilioni. Il colosso della tecnologia ha impiegato circa 40 anni per raggiungere una valutazione di $1 trilione e solo altri 2 anni per raddoppiare la cifra.
È assolutamente chiaro che le aziende tecnologiche sono in testa a tutte le altre. Questa rivoluzione ha lasciato spazio a molte aziende più piccole che hanno mostrato prestazioni eccezionali ottenendo quote di mercato maggiori.
Questo divario tra società orientate al valore e alla crescita continua ad aumentare. Guardando il grafico sottostante, si può notare la differenza nei rendimenti che gli investimenti negli indici Russell 1000 Growth e Russell 1000 Value hanno prodotto nell’ultimo decennio, con una differenza sostanziale del 275,3%.
Guardando indietro, dieci anni fa, i titoli dei settori finanziario ed energetico costituivano complessivamente il 26,7% dell’indice e attualmente rappresentano solo il 12,2%, con un notevole spostamento del settore.
Ovviamente, la migliore performance in assoluto negli ultimi dieci anni è stata quella del settore tecnologico. Il suo peso crescente nell’indice indica che i guadagni del mercato statunitense dipendono ora più che mai dai titoli tecnologici.
L’impennata dei prezzi delle loro azioni riflette il loro solido bilancio e la forte domanda per i loro prodotti e servizi. Tuttavia, il mercato attualmente dipende fin troppo titoli tecnologici e se perde fiducia in essi, potrebbe verificarsi un collasso.
È chiaro che la composizione dell’indice continuerà ad evolversi. Le economie globali e le preferenze dei consumatori continueranno a cambiare e insieme a loro cambierà anche il valore delle aziende e il loro ruolo nell’indice.
I Big Five
In questo momento, le cinque società con la più grande valutazione di mercato e cioè le prime 5 nell’indice S&P 500 sono: Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, Facebook e Alphabet. Questi 5 colossi tecnologici costituiscono un eccezionale 22% dell’S&P 500 e insieme hanno una valutazione di mercato di circa $6,7 trilioni.
Tutte queste aziende hanno fornito prodotti e servizi rivoluzionari e hanno cambiato per sempre i rispettivi settori. Inoltre, nessuno di loro si è fermato dopo aver raggiunto determinati punti di riferimento, ma si sta adattando continuamente e portando la propria tecnologia al livello successivo.
Questa tendenza dovrebbe continuare poiché la rivoluzione tecnologica sembra essere ancora nelle prime fasi. Di seguito, tre titoli che probabilmente guadagneranno valore e produrranno dividendi guardando a lungo termine.
Tre azioni a lungo termine da acquistare a novembre
Microsoft
Microsoft (NASDAQ: MSFT) ha mostrato una capacità di recupero impressionante negli ultimi tre decenni. Questo colosso della tecnologia è una delle poche aziende che ha fatto parte della bolla dot.com che è riuscita a rimanere rilevante anche 2 decenni dopo.
Un passaggio di successo dal desktop computing al cloud computing ha consentito alle azioni MSFT di attirare l’attenzione degli investitori. Gestione stabile, entrate e profitti elevati, nonché portafogli impressionanti, Microsoft possiede LinkedIn, Skype, GitHub e molte altre, sono alcuni dei tanti motivi per cui è consigliato acquistare azioni Microsoft.
Nvidia
Nvidia (NASDAQ: NVDA) è uno dei titoli più popolari da possedere in questo momento. L’azienda ha una posizione dominante nel settore dell’industria dei chip, probabilmente il più importante dell’industria tecnologica al momento.
Il settore dei chip offre agli investitori un modo per avere esposizione alle tecnologie future, come l’intelligenza artificiale e i veicoli autonomi.
“Hanno chiaramente un vantaggio così grande ora che è difficile vedere come qualcuno possa raggiungerli. Se fossi Intel INTC, sarei davvero preoccupato,” afferma Pascal Costantini, l’autore del rapporto ValuAnalysis.
Tesla
Tesla (NASDAQ: TSLA) è probabilmente il titolo più caldo del pianeta in questo momento. Sebbene venga scambiato a multipli significativamente superiori alla media di Wall Street, il che implica che il titolo è molto costoso in questo momento, gli investitori scommettono che il potenziale di crescita di Tesla giustificherà il prezzo delle azioni.
“Non c’è nulla di straordinario nelle ipotesi nascoste nel prezzo delle azioni Tesla,” ha sottolineato Costantini.
Secondo quanto riferito, l’anno scorso il mercato globale dei veicoli elettrici valeva oltre $162 miliardi, con proiezioni di prezzo di oltre $800 miliardi raggiunti entro il 2027. Stando a questa prospettiva, investire in azioni Tesla sembra la cosa giusta da fare.
In sintesi
I titoli tecnologici sono ormai più forti che mai. I 5 principali colossi della tecnologia, Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, Facebook e Alphabet, rappresentano un notevole 22% dell’indice S&P 500. Questa tendenza dovrebbe continuare con le aziende che detengono una leadership forte e stabile in pole position per ottenere i benefici della rivoluzione tecnologica che cambia la vita.Rusya ile Esed rejimine ait savaş uçakları ve helikopterlerin, Humus ve Hama kırsalında muhaliflerin kontrolündeki Türkmen köyleri Hula, Telbise, Teldo, Burç Kai ve Akrep'e düzenledikleri hava saldırılarında 29 kişi hayatını kaybetti.
Hula'daki sivil savunma yetkililerinden alınan bilgiye göre, Esed rejimine ait helikopterler, Humus'un kuzey kırsalında muhaliflerin kontrolünde bulunan Hula ilçesinde yerleşim birimlerine varil bombası saldırısı düzenledi.
Saldırılarda 3'ü çocuk 20 sivilin yaşamını yitirdiğini, 18 sivilin de yaralandığını aktaran yetkililer, hava saldırısında yaralananların bölgedeki sahra hastanelerine kaldırılarak tedavi altına alındığını kaydetti.
Rusya ile Esed rejimine ait savaş uçaklarının hedefinde olan bir diğer bölge Hama kırsalındaki Türkmen köyleri Burç Kai ve Akrep de saldırılardan nasibini aldı. rejim uçakları Burç Kai köyünün tek camisi olan Ali Bin Ebu Talib camini varil bombası ile vurarak yerle bir etti.
Öte yandan Humus'un kuzey kırsalındaki din adamları camilerine saldırılara maruz kalması nedeniyle cuma namazlarının camilerde kılınmasını geçici olara durdurdu.Con "Al di là del principio del piacere" (1920) si apre una nuova fase della ricerca di Freud che modificherà in modo sostanziale la sua precedente teoria delle pulsioni e del soggetto, fino all'ipotesi che il conflitto psichico sia determinato dalla tensione originaria tra i due principi opposti di Eros e Thanatos. Si inaugura così un'indagine che attraverso l'individuazione del concetto fondamentale di coazione a ripetere giunge a far balenare l'idea che fra le pulsioni ve ne siano alcune la cui meta non è l'arricchimento della vita, ma il raggiungimento della morte.
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LOL. Chi ha fatto la stupida traduzione? (Ignora la traduzione, è terribile)
OK. Analizziamo le parole prima di entrare nel significato dellintera frase. “Compromesso” significa “suscettibile di dimostrare o far credere alle persone che hai fatto qualcosa di moralmente sbagliato, illegale o imbarazzante. (Tuttavia, non significa necessariamente che hai fatto o farai davvero qualcosa di sbagliato, ma la percezione è pessima.)
La “posizione”, penso in questo caso, possa essere intercambiabile con la situazione.
Giusto per fare un esempio, se una donna viene sorpresa a tenersi per mano oa baciarsi con qualcuno che non sia suo marito. Quella persona che ha assistito allincidenza ha colto la femmina 1 in una posizione compromettente, perché questo può essere interpretato come se stesse tradendo suo marito (avendo una relazione romantica al di fuori del matrimonio).
Per quanto riguarda questo caso, io ha scavato la trascrizione (grazie mille per aver fornito la fonte, ovvero il nome del programma TV, il numero dellepisodio, la riga e lo screenshot). Basato sulla trascrizione. Penso che stiano parlando di qualcuno che probabilmente ha trapelato lidentità della talpa (linformatore segreto delle forze dellordine, in questo caso, il signor Arkin). E le due donne nella foto sono tra le 5 persone che conoscono lidentità della talpa. Una delle donne (Kalinda) nella foto è stata fotografata con un poliziotto corrotto (Detective Anthony Burton) unora prima che la talpa fosse assassinata (due ore dopo che le forze dellordine hanno fatto unofferta alla talpa). Pertanto, potrebbe aver fatto trapelare lidentità della talpa e la fotografia ne è la prova circostanziale. Pertanto, la foto la mostra in una posizione compromettente.
Ecco la porzione di trascrizione irrilevante per la foto.
Mr.
Arkin said there were three other corrupt cops, so we immediately put them under surveillance.
This is you with a Detective Anthony Burton two hours after our proffer, one hour before Mr.
Arkin was murdered.
And here you are ten minutes later in his car.
So? So, Kalinda There were only five of us in that room for that proffer, and one of us leaked.
Oh, so that"s why these photos are so important.
This one of me in the car.
"Cause it shows me leaking.
It shows you in a compromised position.
With a man.
With a corrupt cop.
And yet I phoned you to tell you about the stash, didn"t I? Which I wouldn"t do if I were compromised.
True.
Read more: http://www.springfieldspringfield.co.uk/view\_episode\_scripts.php?tv-show=the-good-wife&episode=s01e23
Risposta
Significa che sei intrappolato in una posizione contraria a come ci si aspetta che sia, o in una posizione che ti rende difficile reagire nel modo in cui ritieni sia accettabile o corretto. Probabilmente qualcosa che preferiresti loro, la persona che ti cattura, o altre persone di cui non essere a conoscenza.
: – come stare seduti in bagno e suonare il campanello; come qualcuno che entra in una stanza e stai guardando nella sua borsa, come se fossi un decisore e qualcuno ti avesse offerto una tangente, come la moglie è a letto con il suo amante e il marito torna a casa, come se si chiudesse velocemente il coperchio quindi sembra che tu non voglia che laltra persona veda ciò che stai guardando, come qualcuno in una fotografia molto privata in una posizione che gli altri disapproverebbero, come se un informatore fosse visto parlare con laccusato, come un politico che ha un segreto incontro con un noto nemico dello stato… ..您可搭乘火车、巴士或飞机从慕尼黑前往布鲁塞尔。
We couldn’t find any journeys for this date. Click below and try searching for another date.
慕尼黑 到 布鲁塞尔 有 3 种旅行方式: 大巴, 航班 或 火车 。
布鲁塞尔 距离 慕尼黑 约 公里.
这些是 慕尼黑 到 布鲁塞尔 最受欢迎的出发和到达站点：
大多数游客乘坐 大巴 从 München, ZOB 到达 Brussels, Brussels South (Gare du Midi) 。
超过半数从 慕尼黑 到 布鲁塞尔 的旅客 从 Munich Airport 出发抵达 Brussels Airport 。
多数乘客由 München Hbf 搭乘 ，到达 Bruxelles-Midi 。
Omio提供众多优质交通公司票务，帮助您预订 慕尼黑 到 布鲁塞尔 的最佳行程:
Flixbus 的 提供 慕尼黑 - 布鲁塞尔 的交通服务。您可在Omio预订 Flixbus 的 慕尼黑 到 布鲁塞尔 的行程，最低只要 ￥245 。
计划 慕尼黑 - 布鲁塞尔 ，您可搭乘 Lufthansa Cityline 航班 。在Omio可预订最低仅需 ￥1, 038 的行程。
计划 慕尼黑 - 布鲁塞尔 ，您可搭乘 Deutsche Bahn 火车 。在Omio可预订最低仅需 ￥347 的行程。
以下交通供应商为您提供 慕尼黑 到 布鲁塞尔 的直达路线：
直达路线节省时间且更加方便，您无需担心换乘便可到达 布鲁塞尔 。这绝对值得您在订票前留心确认。
当您计划开启从 慕尼黑 到 布鲁塞尔 的旅程，请尽量查看您行程前后一周左右的价格，这能帮您找到最优惠票价。
但我们推荐您提前 预订 慕尼黑 到 布鲁塞尔 的车票。
和其他方法相比，从 布鲁塞尔 到 慕尼黑 最经济的方式是 大巴, 平均花费为 ￥245 。
和到达 布鲁塞尔 的其他交通方式相比：
P 搭乘 大巴 到 布鲁塞尔 通常比 航班 价格大概低 ￥793 ，平均只需要 ￥1, 038 。
乘坐 大巴 比 火车 便宜 ￥102 ，从 慕尼黑 到 布鲁塞尔 的平均票价约为 ￥347 。
慕尼黑 - 布鲁塞尔 最快速的方法是搭乘 航班 ，平均只需要 1 小时1 20 相比而言其他交通方式会花费更久的时间到达目的地：
搭乘 大巴 大致需要 10 小时 。
相比而言，乘坐 火车 用时约为 6 小时1 51 。Bir yıl önce Çelyabinsk kenti üzerinde patlayan meteorun ardından, Murmansk kentinde Cumartesi gecesi yeni bir meteor gözlemlendi. Meteor zarar yol açmadan gözden kayboldu.
Çelyabinsk kentinde yaklaşık 1200 kişinin yaralanmasına ve binlerce binanın camlarının parçalanmasına neden olan meteor patlamasından bir yıl sonra, bu sefer Rusya'nın kuzeybatısındaki Murmansk kenti bir meteora tanık oldu. Ancak bu kez patlama olmadı ve meteor sessiz sedasız gözden kayboldu.
Gazeta.ru sitesi, bir sürücünün aracındaki kamera ile gökyüzündeki ilerleyişi saniye saniye görüntülenen meteorun, Kola Yarımadası'ndaki tüm şehirlerde gözlemlendiğini ancak bir patlama sesi duyulmadığını belirtti.
300 bin nüfuslu Murmansk kentinde yaşayan Rus gökbilimci Viktor Troşenkov, ateş topu olarak beliren meteorun gelecek hafta en yoğun günlerini yaşayacak olan Lyrid meteor yağmurunun bir parçası olabileceğini ifade etti.
Çelyabinsk kenti üzerinde geçtiğimiz yıl patlayan 19 metre genişliğindeki meteor, 500 kiloton TNT gücünde bir patlamaya neden olmuştu. Gökbilimciler bu büyüklükte meteorların her 20 yılda bir Dünya'ya uğradığını tahmin ediyor.
Haberin Tamamı İçin:
- aljazeera.com.trThe neuroscientist Antonio Damasio explains that one of the brain’s main tasks is continually to monitor and regulate our bodily functions, and it does this through establishing self-reflexive maps – images linking circuits of neurons which are established in the brain to correspond to different bodily activities, between which there is two-way feedback. This is essential to our well-being and obviously applies to routine physical functions such as the monitoring of body temperature, or the release of hormones to increase appetite stimulated by a fragrant waft of cooking, for example. Living in the world is a complicated business, so the brain constantly keeps in touch with the feedback from various systems and continues to regulate responses.
Artist Alexa Wright has undertaken an intriguing project with patients with Phantom Limb Syndrome, which occurs where people who have has amputations continue to experience sensations in the non existent limb. Neurologists understand that sensations arise as a result of a dynamic plasticity in the brain which allows it to re-map bodily awareness, often very soon after the limb has been removed. Areas on the cortex which formerly received sensory input from the amputated limb continue to be activated from parts of the brain on adjacent areas of the cortex linked to parts of the body surface close to the amputated limb, so it feels as if the limb is still there, though not always in a normal state. ‘One man had a phantom arm fixed at right angles which he had to accommodate when passing through a door,’ writes neuro-psychologist Peter Halligan who with his colleague John Kew worked with Wright, ‘another was plagued by his phantom arm floating up through the bedclothes when he was trying to sleep.’
Wright conducted interviews with eight patients and photographed them as they appeared to the outside world and then digitally manipulated photographs to create visual evidence of their actual felt experience, reconstituting the missing limb parts. Viewing the actual and the phantomised images side by side helped patients begin to come to terms with the nature of their revised self-image. The neuroscientist V.S. Ramachandran has explained how patients can retain their brains through visual feedback and reports on one of his own phantom limb patients who was encouraged to place his arm in a box fitted with internal mirrors which gave the illusion that his missing arm was intact. After practising with this simple device he found that the phantom arm he had known for over ten years had all but disappeared. The experiment suggested that when his brain was presented with conflicting signals – visual feedback informing it that his arm was moving again even while his muscles denied the fact – his mind resorted to ‘a kind of denial’ and was alerted to the real situation.
Wright’s photograph’s may have a gentle therapeutic effect but they have also been exhibited in conventional gallery spaces and they are moving because
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on Air Base），也是战术司令部底下第一次越洋部署战斗机中队的纪录。
育化精英
1961年时，官拜上校的叶格回到已经改名的爱德华空军基地担任飞行测试副主任的职务，他同时也是新成立的美国空军航太研究飞行员学校（Aerospace Research Pilot School, ARPS）的指挥官，该校是美国军方（或甚至全世界）第一个专门训练宇航员的类似机构，并且以训练严格著称（学生结训毕业的比例，只有1%的水平）。在1961年到1971年该校运作的十年间，ARPS共训练出37位毕业生，其中有26人被实际选为太空人，参与过双子星座、阿波罗与航天飞机飞行任务。我们可以说，叶格本人虽然从来没有上过太空，但是几乎所有美国在冷战军备竞赛时代所派出的宇航员，都曾直接或间接受教于叶格过，而让他也变成太空科学领域的重要贡献者之一。然而叶格本人虽然一直名列在最早期的太空人征选计划名册当中，但却因仅有高中学历和地方腔调较重的缘故没能实际入选，这可以说是少数让他在当时颇为遗憾的一件事情。
1963年12月10日，叶格驾驶著拥有喷射引擎与火箭引擎两种动力的超高空飞行实验机NF-104A二号机（机身编号56-762），在104,000呎（约31,700米）的超高空中突然失控进入水平旋转的状态，叶格在飞机直坠至11,000呎的高度时成功启动机上的弹射椅保住一命，但却被弹射椅火箭推进器产生的高温火焰灼伤颜面，NF-104A也无法避免地坠毁。事后调查发现NF-104A的失控起因于飞机上的J79型喷射引擎在已经熄火后进行火箭推进爬升的阶段时，产生了一些排存效应（Spooling，一种熄火后的引擎有残余燃烧而继续排放出推进热气的现象），多余且与火箭推进引擎不同轴线的推力让NF-104A产生过大的攻角，终于失控开始自旋。技术上来说这是实验机的设计失误，并非叶格的操作不当所造成。
1966年，叶格接掌美国空军第405飞行大队，这是一个以菲律宾克拉克空军基地（Clark Air Base）为总部，但实际部署范围遍及整个东南亚地区的前线部队。405大队包含了两个分别驻守于总部克拉克与南越藩郎空军基地（Phan Rang Air Base, South Vietnam）、操作B-57轰炸机的战术轰炸机中队，一个驻扎台湾的F-100战斗轰炸机中队，两个驻扎南越岘港市的F-102空防中队，以及许多个使用各型不同机种的分遣队，例如分别驻在蚬港、泰国乌隆他尼与曼谷、操作F-4战斗机的单位。
身为部队的主官，叶格通常会以10到12天的周期巡视各个单位，陪同属下一同实际进行任务飞行，在这段期间内他累积了127次的出勤，414小时的作战飞行时数，包括驾驶著B-57进行密接空中支援任务，是一名很愿意与部下共患难的主官。1968年3月他接掌了第4战术战斗机大队，驻地韩国群山空军基地（Kunsan AB）以因应普韦布洛号危机（Pueblo Crisis，美国间谍船普韦布洛号遭到北朝鲜突袭扣押所造成的政治紧张事件），直到同年6月时才以空中加油的方式重新部署部队回原驻地，北卡罗莱纳州的西摩·强森空军基地（Seymour Johnson AFB, NC.），并且受到拔擢晋升准将。
光荣退役
1969年7月，叶格被调派回欧洲，担任美国第17空军司令部的副司令，与西德军方合作与训练部队。1971年1月，他受命担任一个之前他从没接处过的任务型态，在当时局势颇为紧张的巴基斯坦，担任美国的国防代表（U.S. Defense Representative），这是一个非直接属于军方的职务。稍后他在1973年3月重拾军职，在加州诺顿空军基地（Norton AFB, CA）担任美国空军航太安全主任（USAF Director of Aerospace Safety）。1975年2月25日，叶格回到爱德华空军基地，进行他毕生最后一次的正式任务飞行，驾驶一架F-4C幽灵二式（Phantom II）战斗机，当他完成飞行爬出战机的座舱时，他总共累积了10,131.6小时的飞行时数，驾驶过的飞机种类多达180种，无论是在质还是量的考量上，都是一般军事飞行员望尘莫及的显赫纪录。三天后（2月28日），他在诺顿空军基地参加了他自己的退伍欢送仪式，列席的宾客中，包括了吉米·杜立特上将（Jimmy Doolittle，著名“杜立特空袭”的指挥官），当初发掘他的老长官亚伯·波伊少将，与贾桂琳·“贾姬”·科克伦（Jacqueline "Jackie" Cochran，美国的女性飞官先驱者与世界上第一位突破音速的女性飞行员）。
卸除军职后的叶格虽然不再像以往同样过著精采刺激的挑战生活，但身为美国空军的重要偶像人物，他在其他领域的活跃是可想而知的，各种演讲、技术顾问职务邀约不断。1986年，当挑战者号航天飞机在STS-51-L任务中爆炸坠毁后，叶格曾受隆纳·雷根（Ronald Reagan）总统请托参与事故调查工作。他在退休后一直保持良好的状况，并且长期担任过去服务的老单位、位于爱德华空军基地的空军飞行测试中心之顾问试飞员。
1997年10月14日，高龄74岁的叶格回到爱德华参加超音速飞行50周年的庆祝仪式，纪念1947年的同一天，他驾驶著贝尔X-1打破音障的创举。以55年之久的飞行资历身分，他爬上最新一代的“迷人葛兰妮号”（Glamorous Glennis，是以当时已经过世的叶格夫人为名）——一架新锐的双座F-15D鹰式（Eagle）战斗机，升空最后一次进行他的超音速飞行。这是叶格毕生最后一次参与美国空军的飞行活动，由空军中校绰伊·冯丹纳（Troy Fontaine）担任他的副手，值得一提的是在该活动中跟飞的僚机——一架双座型F-16战隼（Fighting Falcon）式战斗机，是由叶格的多年老友、当年他在超音速飞行实验时代的跟飞副手巴布·胡佛驾驶，而胡佛的同机副手、空军上校吉米·杜立特三世（Jimmy Doolittle III），则是杜立特将军之子，他同时也事爱德华空军基地空军飞行研究中心的副指挥官——担任与叶格当年同样职务的后继传人。
查克·叶格 - 纪录争议
虽然叶格是官方认定也是大部分人所熟知、第一个实际突破音障的人类，但在航空史上曾有两个比较出名的案例挑战了叶格这“史上第一”的地位。其一是二次世界大战期间，德国空军的飞行员汉斯·基多·穆克（Hans Guido Mutke），他在一场发生于1945年4月9日的空战中，为了救援遭美国空军追击的僚机，而让其所驾驶的梅塞施密特（Messerschmitt）Me 262喷射战斗机全速垂直俯冲，在过程中他遭遇到严重的高速乱流包围（Buffeting）并且失去战机的控制能力，并且在事后发现机上有许多固定螺丝之类的零件因为这现象而松脱受损。穆克并不知道当时他遇到的是什么现象，但在两年多后当他听说到美国的叶格与X-1成功打破音障时，却突然想起自己遇到的可能是穿音速时发生的特殊乱流现象，而出面声称自己才是第一个打破音速的人。因为当时的情况是在作战状况中，没有任何人有办法提出可以支持或反驳穆克说法的证明，但因为Me 262的官方极速是870公里／小时，离声音在海拔12,000米（约39,000呎）的空中约1000公里／小时的平均速度尚远，再加上穆克机上的空速表与叶格的X-1一样在高速时破表损坏又欠缺地面监控，与穆克所遭遇到的“包围”现象被证实可以在飞机的速度低于音速不少时就开始发生，因此一般来说穆克的超音速体验宣言很少被实际承认。但另一方面，也有人认为，穆克的声称之所以不被当时的世人所采信，是起因于德国是战败国，其他国家并不想在战后太过强调德国在战时的技术发展成就。
至于另一个威胁到叶格地位的人，则是美国空军自家的试飞员乔治·魏尔许（George Welch），魏尔许与叶格一样都是美国在二战时代的空战英雄，不同的是魏尔许是在太平洋上的对日作战战场上活跃。1947年时魏尔许担任北美航空（North American Aviation）的试飞员，一样是在加州的爱德华空军基地，负责担任新型喷射战斗机F-86的开发试飞工作。由于当时贝尔与NACA所进行的X-1计划花费了许多预算，被军方视为是重点指标内定作为“突破音障”的必然后补，因此包括北美航空与魏尔许等这些其他单位都被上层勒令禁止从事超音速飞行的尝试。但是1947年10月1日，在叶格突破音障两周前，魏尔许驾驶了一架XF-86预产实验机，不顾上级的禁令从35,000呎的高空中以几近垂直的方式俯冲，确实地遭遇到穿音速时的乱流现象并且制造出连基地的地面人员都能听到的音爆巨响。之后由于XF-86的起落架问题，魏尔许的全速试飞被延宕了两周，在叶格成功完成超音速飞行前30分钟时，再次从更高的空中俯冲突破音速。
由于魏尔许的超音速尝试违反了美国空军的指令，因此这项成就不仅没在当时被拿来夸耀，反而是遭到军方以机密的理由给封锁，直到一年后才解密公开。纵使如此，美国空军也不承认魏尔许是第一个打破音障的人，但他们在关于X-1与叶格的结果报告中却很技巧性地写道叶格是“第一个以平飞的方式打破音障的人”，特别强调“平飞”这件事让人不禁联想是否是政府方面为了回避魏尔许的问题而想出的不得已说法。但总之，叶格无庸置疑仍然是第一个在有计划性、严密监控的情况下，靠着飞机自身的动力而实际且确实地突破音障的人类。
查克·叶格 - 其他曝光纪录
由于叶格的高知名度与英雄形象，坊间会出现许多以他为名的出版物，并非是太令人意外的事情。美国新闻记者汤姆·伍夫（Tom Wolfe）在1979年时推出了一本以叶格为主角的类传记性作品《太空先锋》（The Right Stuff），就是讲述以叶格为中心、关于美国最早期七名太空人的奋斗史。这本书出版之后除了大大卖座外，也名列蓝灯书屋（Random House）旗下的《当代文库》（Modern Library）在1999年时所公布的“本世纪百大最佳英文非小说”之一。而趁著书本的畅销，1983年时导演菲力普·考夫曼（Philip Kaufman）将小说内容搬上大屏幕，拍摄成一部三小时长的同名电影。这部电影获得当年奥斯卡金像奖的最佳效果剪辑、最佳影片剪辑、最佳配乐与最佳混音四项技术性奖项，也获得最佳男配角与最佳影片提名差点获奖。有趣的是查克·叶格本人也有参加本片的演出，不过他饰演的并不是自己本人，而是一个酒吧里的老酒保，在片中开玩笑说自己因为没有念大学，所以NASA不愿雇用他而只能在酒吧当差（事实上，学历不够高一直是叶格长年来事业上的最大弱点）。
除了书与电影外，叶格的名声也曾扩及到电脑游戏领域。1991年时美商艺电（Electronic Arts）曾经推出过一个个人电脑用空战模拟游戏《空中英雄长空会战》（Chuck Yeager's Air Combat），在推出当时大受好评，纵使是多年后电脑软硬件技术大幅进步，这套游戏仍被认为是空战游戏里少见、飞行感觉最接近真实的杰作之一；另外日本GONZO公司制作的萌系空战动画Strike Witches里的角色夏洛特·E·叶格，亦是以查克·叶格为原型而设定的。
查克·叶格 - 私生活
查克·叶格与妻子葛兰妮是在1945年2月26日结婚，育有四名子女，长期以来叶格夫妇一直保持着非常完美的爱情与家庭关系，这点可以从叶格总是用葛兰妮的名字替自己的座机命名看出，他们也被视为是传统美国家庭观念的典范。长年主持家务经营家族财务的叶格夫人在1990年12月时因为癌症过世，之后叶格维持了十年的单身生活，直到2000年时他结识了一位曾在1985年时演过一出电影的前女演员维多莉亚·史考特·唐杰罗（Victoria Scott D'Angelo）并且迅速坠入爱河。对于这桩差了36岁的感情，叶格的子女与周遭的亲友都极端不支持认为对方只是在利用他与觊觎其财产，但叶格仍执意在2003年时迎娶了维多莉亚。这件事使得叶格与自己的子女陷入对簿公堂争夺财产的窘况，也多少损害了这位美式英雄几乎保持了一辈子的正面形象。Indian religions love their wandering heroes. There’s the Buddha, who wandered for six years; Mahavira, who doubled that; and the many saints and yogis of Hinduism who meander homeless all across the Indian past. The 15th century founder of the Sikh religion, Guru Nanak, also took to the road—for some 23 years. He made it as far afield as Mecca and Medina, as well as to the mythic Sumeru, meeting emperors and carpenters, sages and thugs along the way—or so say the Janam Sakhis, a collection of hagiographical stories about his life.
But there’s a crucial difference between Nanak and the Buddha or Mahavira, who renounced their families and communities to find spiritual truth. After Nanak achieved enlightenment, he returned to the fertile fields of the Punjab, and made room in his religious life for members of his previous, unenlightened domesticity. For him, devotion did not require asceticism, renunciation or an attachment to holy men and their institutions, but what scholars of the Sikh religion have called a ‘disciplined worldliness’.
The writer and diplomat Navtej Sarna recounts a well-known story that captures something of Nanak’s philosophy and personality: “He’s supposed to have met a large number of very wise siddhas, the old spiritual sages who have gone away and have been meditating in the Himalayas for years and years. And they ask him, ‘Child, what is the situation down in the world?’ So he said, ‘What can there be? If all the wise men have come here, what do you expect to be happening there?’ So, from this you can see that his belief was that this world is a real world, and you have to seek salvation within it. There is no other world to seek salvation in. That is cowardliness—renunciation of this world. You have to seek salvation through your living.”
Nanak insisted that religious beliefs are not just to be felt in this world, but should change it. As a result, his life and afterlife, through the religion he founded, have often challenged India’s other communities of faith, including at times that most modern one—the nation.
Nanak was known during his lifetime as Baba Nanak (the title of Guru came later). He was born in 1469 into a relatively well-to-do family. His father was possibly an accountant, and his education may have included Persian (the signifier of a superior education at the time), taught to him by a Muslim tutor. He later wrote hundreds of beautiful hymns and poems in his own language, Punjabi, drawing on Persian and Arabic words—verses that often combine poetry, spiritual striving and agricultural labour into hard-working metaphors:
As a team of oxen we are driven
By the ploughman, our teacher.
By the furrows made are thus writ
Our actions—on the earth, our paper.
The sweat of labour is as beads
Falling by the ploughman as seeds sown.
We reap according to our measure.
Some for ourselves to keep, some to others give.
O Nanak, this is the way to truly live.احتمال آبگرفتگی معابر در 15 استان، خیزش گرد و خاک در 12 استان
به گزارش مجله حیات، سازمان هواشناسی نسبت به وقوع رگبار و رعد و برق و احتمال لغزندگی جاده ها و آبگرفتگی معابر 15 استان
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色的最高境界。黄色的其他声部，那就仁者见仁，各取所需了。 在如今这个某些方面几乎完全开放的时代，“黄色歌曲”这个词大概彻底失去了以往的那种危险的诱惑力，给人剩下的只是一种猎奇和滑稽的感觉。但就在并不特别遥远的过去，在情感与性爱话语的高度禁忌与短缺之中，不要说黄色歌曲令人心旌摇荡，就连对黄色歌曲的批判，都能成为情感教育的指路明灯。
上世纪50年代北京新民报《文艺批评》专栏刊登过一篇大批判文章：《清除旧文艺中的色情毒素》，结果火眼金睛的读者来信投诉，指责这一篇批判色情毒素的文章本身就是色情毒素，因为里面大段引用了色情毒素，还把它们的目录尽量开给读者，所谓暗渡陈仓是也，极其反动。后来一个更加目光如炬的超级读者，在文艺界领导周扬同志那里也看出了类似的打着红旗反红旗的逻辑，写下了著名的《评反革命两面派周扬》一文。
这种名抑实扬的勾当，确实在黄色与反黄的千年战争中表现得特别明显。像真正的黄色经典《肉蒲团》之类，也会加上“淫人妻女，妻女淫人”之类的道德教训，也要体现出正人君子的批判精神，虽然头大尾小，本末完全倒置，与《清除旧文艺中的色情毒素》之类的妙文，至少可以算远房亲戚。至于《怎样鉴别黄色歌曲》，我相信作者绝对没有偷梁换柱的初衷，但是读者会不会李代桃僵，挪作他用，我就不敢打包票啦。那是上世纪80年代初，一个非常微妙的年代，方生未死，乍暖还寒，人们的胃口已经打开，而胆量和眼光都有限，有个纲领性的文件也好啊，哪怕是以批判的形式？
在本书中提到的一些黄色歌曲，今天已经是不朽的经典了，比如《何日君在来》。此歌当年在青少年中不胫而走的情形我还记忆犹新。我那时候在上中学，有一回到一干部子弟家玩，他把门窗关起来放给我们听，记得还有《香港、香港》等歌。我当时年纪虽小，眼光很高，长期受到家里面古典音乐的熏陶，人又很左，是个远近闻名的小道德君子。同学好心请我去听，我却当场指责人家肤浅庸俗，格调不高，双方闹得很不愉快，几乎到绝交的地步。回家以后，我还以不屑的口吻告诉父亲，满心以为他会为我的高雅趣味感到欣慰。结果我父亲一听到《何日君在来》，肃然动容，很认真地跟我说这是一首好歌，他非常喜欢，当真让我大吃一惊。后来他听到邓丽君的录音，也大赞她的好嗓音，说她唱得自然极了。
我要更后来才知道，我父亲是《何日君再来》的作者刘雪庵先生几十年的忠实粉丝。多少年后，父亲在一篇追忆刘雪庵先生的文章中说：“这首歌捉住了相当一部分乱世男女的心音，朴素而传神，而由‘金嗓子’周璇来唱，更添魅力。‘金嗓子’其实绝无‘金’质的华丽感，而是非常朴素的。那声音是颇能唤起联想的。因为这位歌手自己即是罪恶天堂中一个被侮辱与被损害者。《何日君再来》连同当年灌了百代唱片的‘金嗓子’都成了一种克腊昔克（Classic），我则以为它是四十年代上海滩的绝好配乐，真实而又现成的配乐。爱读张爱玲者，拿它配着读，也相宜。正如有人认为读普鲁斯特的《追忆逝水年华》可以听德彪西的音乐一样。”
1949年，部队解放了苏州，他专程去拜访了刘雪庵先生。那正是春暖花开的时节，刘雪庵先生正在苏州社会教育学院给学生讲授和声课，教室就是拙政园里一个四面环水的亭子。我父亲立在亭子外面，一直听到下课人散，然后进去向刘先生请教，问了他一些关于中国和声的问题。刘雪庵毫无愠色，拿起粉笔，转身在大黑板上画了个琵琶四弦定音的图，从它讲到了“中国和声”中常用的和弦。黄色歌曲作家在讲台上从容论乐，穿着不甚整洁军装的我父亲在下边凝神倾听。周边是荷塘、曲栏桥，绿荫蔽日。
看上去又有点扯远了，其实也是黄色的另一种复调吧。除了内容上的标准之外，《怎样鉴别黄色歌曲》也就音乐技巧上的界定进行了一些探讨：“黄色歌曲的特点是：音乐上，大量采用软化，动荡，带有诱惑性的节奏；旋律多采用叙述性与歌唱性相结合的写法；配写比较细致的伴奏。演唱上，大量采用轻声，口白式唱法；以其裹声；吐字的扁处理；大量使用滑音与装饰音；演唱中出现歌腔延迟和重音倒置。”我觉得这段是本书中最有水准的文字，应该说是抓住了某些关键性的问题，今天读来，也还是有令人恍然大悟的感觉。比如说，我是弹吉他的，我知道吉他是文革中唯一被列为黄色乐器的乐器，可是长期以来一直不太清楚吉他黄在什么地方，甚至想歪掉了，以为是那婀娜的腰身，或是拥琴入怀的姿势引起了革命小将的某种联想。现在看来，吉他上最擅长的滑音和装饰音，与黄色歌曲中的同类手法一样，才是问题的关键所在。
说到这个地步，如果有谁还诚心想要弄清黄色的明确定义的话，肯定头都大了。确实啊，黄色是个立体、多层次、极富弹性的历史概念。在黄色的巅峰，是我们当年可望而不可即的《少女的心》，传说中的作者是个复员军人，因为此书而被枪毙，足以证明弗洛伊德或巴塔耶关于爱与死之密切关系的论断。比《少女的心》软一些也安全一些的，是王朔在《动物凶猛》中提到的《苦菜花》一类5、60年代小说，“那些书中涉及性爱的张页犹如扑克牌中的王牌，都被翻得格外旧。” 但杯水车薪，难救燎原烈火，于是大家八仙过海，用各种手段填补空白，寻找替代，无所不用其极。比如《赤脚医生手册》，那是极抢手的畅销书，因为里面有很黄很暴力的解剖图。再比如当年大家喜欢聚众观看街头宣判罪犯的布告，特别是有关强奸犯罪行的文字段落，令人愤怒恐惧之余，又留下许多不解疑惑和想象的空间，这在《山楂树之恋》中也写到了。
我们这代人，从来没有搞清黄色的真实含义，也永远搞不清了，但是我们好像又心知肚明，心中留下了一架摇摇摆摆的黄色天平，即使是到了黄色这个词逐渐远去的年代。《怎样鉴别黄色歌曲》出版才过去5年，我第一次听到崔健的《一块红布》，当时就大吃一惊，这可是比《怎样鉴别黄色歌曲》中的任何一首黄色歌曲都要黄色一百倍啊。环顾四周，无人对此有任何异议。
时代的车轮滚滚向前，《赤脚医生手册》和宣判布告是再也没人看了，估计《少女的心》也不会有人问津，《何日君再来》却越来越经典，可见黄色歌曲比黄色其他什么更加永恒。当“酷儿”、“拉拉”、“耽美”纷纷登堂入室的时候，趁此《怎样鉴别黄色歌曲》浮出海面之际，我突发奇想，也许我们可以趁热打铁，与时俱进，收集类似《靠近我》（田震）、《那一夜》（谢军）、《情人》（刀郎）、《饿狼传说》（张学友）、《给我感觉》（张惠妹）之类的作品，立足市场，发挥标题党和眼球帮的精神，搞个《怎样鉴别黄色歌曲2.0》？最终便是pk对决了，尽管法师的攻击更超强力，道士的单杀能力更强悍，可是战士则是三职业�ؼ���:��;,����;˽��,��;������的中pk对决最舒服的职业了。无论法师的攻击损害多大，道士有那么的难处理，战士全是一如既往的冲向前开展作战。战士凭着本身血条多、防御力高的特性，可以承担很多的攻击损害持续贴近敌人，一旦法师和道士被战士贴身以后，战士就可以凭着其攻击頻率高、暴发能力强的特性，将法师和道士击败，乃至是击倒。也就是由于这种原因，促使战士玩家在游戏里占多数。
我还在传奇里边是一个战士职业额玩家，战士职业是传奇里面防御力能力最强有力的，血条最高的一个职业，殊不知战士职业由于是近身战职业的原因，因此遭受PK的过程中也是出现异常的激烈，而这段时间在传奇里边见过和听说过较多的也是大伙儿持续的说这战士职业的痛楚，每日全是听见很多的玩家说战士职业是怎样的不太好，说战士在道士或是魔法师眼前是那么的无奈这些，可是我认为，这种玩家的观点全是过度猛烈了，我并不认为战士确实就会有那麼的废弃物。به گزارش بیرونیت به نقل از دنیای معدن، عضو شورای سیاستگذاری سنگ کشور گفت: با توجه به سرمایه اجتماعی موجود در صنعت سنگ محلات و قدمت ۱۰۰ ساله استخراج و قدمت ۵۰ ساله فرآوری آن در این منطقه، می توان زمینه ای مهیا کرد که تجارت سنگ در اختیار محلات باشد.
او ادامه داد: در بحث تالار بورس، سنگ کل کشور باید در اینجا قیمت گذاری، معامله یا تعیین تکلیف شود؛ همچنین ضروری است که امکانات رفاهی مثل هتل و ترانسفر مطلوب برای مشتریان خارجی مهیا شود.
عضو شورای سیاستگذاری سنگ کشور با اشاره به وجود نیرو های ماهر در شهر محلات و در تمامی عرصه های تولید تا صادرات سنگ افزود: حدود ۳ میلیون تن از ۱۱ میلیون تن سنگ تولیدی کشور، سهم محلات است و از آنجا که تراورتن در محلات تولید می شود، ۴۰ درصد اقتصاد سنگ خام در محلات شکل می گیرد.
نیرو های ماهر این شهرستان در بخش های مختلف چرخه تولید تا فرآوری و صادرات سنگ در معادن و صنایع کشور فعال هستند.
مطالب مرتبط
نظرات کاربران برای این مطلب فعال نیستLogo Objects Logo ERP ürünü olan Tiger için COM arayüzüdür.
Bu bölümde Logo Objects'in temelleri anlatılmıştır.
Bu bölümdeki konular ilk Logo Objects projenizi oluşturmanıza yardımcı olabilir.
Ürün entegrasyonları için sunulan arayüzlere ve örnek kaynak kodlara erişebilirsiniz.
Logo Objects kullanmak isteyen geliştirici iseniz buradaki bağlantıları inceleyiniz.
Kütüphane başlığındaki her bir metodun içeriğinde o metodla ilgili örnek kod bulunmaktadır.
Ancak bir çok metodun yer aldığı örnek C# projesi ve öğretici videolar için bu başlığı kullanabilirsiniz.
Kaydet
Kaydet请仔细阅读说明书并在医生的指导下使用
通用名称: 山梨醇注射液
英文名称: Sorbitol Injection
商品名称:
化学名称：D-山梨糖醇。 辅料：注射用水、盐酸。
适用于治疗脑水肿及青光眼，也可用于心肾功能正常的水肿少尿。
静脉滴注，一次 25% 溶液 250～500 ml，儿童一次量 1～2 g/kg，在 20～30 分钟内输入。为消退脑水肿，每隔 6～12 小时重复注射一次。
①已确诊为急性肾小管坏死的无尿患者，包括对试用山梨醇无反应者，因山梨醇积聚引起血容量增多，加重心脏负担； ②严重失水者； ③颅内活动性出血者，因扩容加重出血，但颅内手术时除外； ④急性肺水肿，或严重肺... 登录
老年人应用本药较易出现肾损害，且随年龄增长，发生肾损害的机会增多。
用后偶有头昏或血尿出现。 心脏功能不全, 或因脱水所致尿少患者慎用。 有活动性脑出血患者, 除在手术中外, 不宜应用。 针剂如有结晶析出，可用热水加温摇溶后再注射。 注射不宜太快，否则，可引起头痛、视... 登录
是否能经乳汁分泌尚不清楚。
山梨醇/糖为甘露醇的异构体，作`用与甘露醇相似但较弱，静脉注入本品浓溶液(25%)后，除小部份转化为糖外，大部以原形经肾^排出，因形成血液高渗，可使周围组织及脑实质脱水而随药物从尿液排出，从而降低颅内... 登录
静脉注/射后迅速进入细胞外`液而不进入细胞内。利尿作用于静注后 0.5～1 小时出现，维持 3 小时。降低眼内压和颅内压作用于^静注后 15 分钟内出现，达峰时间为 30～60 分钟，维持 3～8 小... 登录
否
临床决策，就上用药助手
查药品/查疾病/查指南
百万医生都在用的 AppLa FORÇA EXPEDICIONARIA BRASILEIRA (F.E.B.), forte di 25.334 soldati e comandata dal generale João Baptista Mascarenhas de Moraes, giunse in Italia tra il 2 luglio del 1944 e il 9 febbraio del 1945. La F.E.B era composta dalla 1a Divisione di fanteria brasiliana e dal 1° Gruppo di aviazione di caccia, dotato di aerei P47 Thunderbolt. L'equipaggiamento era carente, la divisa di ordinanza dei soldati di fanteria non era adatta ai climi freddi e alla neve che avrebbero incontrato sugli appennini - molti di loro non l’avevano mai vista e non avevano mai dovuto sopportare temperature di 20 gradi sotto lo zero - ed era anche troppo simile a quella dei soldati tedeschi. Le truppe brasiliane, appena sbarcarono a Napoli, furono completamente riequipaggiate ed addestrate dagli americani.
Le unità della FEB si schierarono il 5 novembre 1944 nell’area sottostante a Monte Castello, subito ad est di Monte Belvedere roccaforte della seconda linea in profondità della Linea Verde, originariamente denominata Linea Gotica, difesa dalla 232a Divisione di fanteria tedesca composta da esperti veterani del fronte russo. Il primo assalto dei soldati brasiliani alle difese di Monte Castello, nella notte tra il 28 e 29 novembre, causò la perdita di 190 tra morti, feriti e dispersi. Un secondo attacco, sferrato il 12 Dicembre, portò alla perdita di 250 soldati tra morti, feriti e dispersi.
Nel febbraio del 1945 entrò in linea la 10a Divisione da Montagna americana, la prima e unica divisione americana di alpini, composta da esperti e addestrati alpinisti e rocciatori, che, nell’ambito dell’operazione Encore, attaccò con successo le postazioni di osservazione dell’artiglieria tedesca sui Monti della Riva nella notte tra il 18 e 19 febbraio e, alle 23 del 19 febbraio da tre direzioni diverse, il caposaldo tedesco di Monte Belvedere. Mentre gli americani avanzano verso Monte della Torraccia, nel territorio di Iola di Montese, alle 5.30 del 21 febbraio i soldati della della divisione brasiliana andarono all’attacco di Monte Castello e, dopo furiosi combattimenti, nel tardo pomeriggio ne conquistarono la cima mentre i tedeschi si ritiravano lungo la strada verso il paese di Castel d’Aiano che verrà occupato dagli americani il 5 marzo. L'attacco dei pracinhas ( così erano chiamati affettuosamente i soldati brasiliani) fu appoggiato dal 1° Gruppo da caccia brasiliano.
Dopo una stabilizzazione del fronte per circa quaranta giorni, il 14 Aprile ha inizio l’Offensiva di Primavera che porterà allo sfondamento di tutte le difese tedesche sia sugli appennini che in pianura e ad una corsa verso la valle Padana e il fiume Po. La 1a Divisione di fanteria brasiliana venne dispiegata sulla sinistra dello schieramento offensivo con il compito di prendere il paese di Montese e le due colline, Monte Buffone e Montello, che lo sovrastano. Fu un combattimento durissimo, condotto tra il 14 ed il 18 aprile casa per casa, e, alla fine della battaglia, l’occupazione di Montese causò 34 morti, 382 feriti e 10 dispersi tra le file brasiliane. Il 17 Aprile il 3° battaglione del 6° reggimento raggiunse Montebuffone ma non riusci mai ad arrivare alla quota più alta. Quando il battaglione si ritrovò allo stremo dopo la perdita di decine di uomini, il comando brasiliano decise di sospendere l'attacco e mantenere le posizioni raggiunte. Il 18 Aprile il comando tedesco si rese conto che l'avanzata delle truppe americane della 10a Divisione da Montagna sul fianco verso Rocca di Roffeno rischiava di accerchiare le forze tedesche e decise così di sganciarsi dalle alture sovrastanti Montese e ritirarsi. Montese fu “ il palco della più ardua e sanguinosa vittoria dell’esercito brasili
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include weather forecasting updates. Thus, farmers from any socioeconomic background can employ the seeds and achieve benefits.
The large production following the hyv seeds usage gave additional numbers to the income of farmers in particular. Farmers, the poorest section in an economy, welcomed this invention and enriched themselves with surplus profits.
Negative effects of hyv seeds:
The hyv seeds pose a great threat to the environment and an individual’s normal life.
Lower water table
For better yields, hyv seeds require a good amount of water. Proper irrigation facilities in an area increase infrastructure expenses. In India, extended use of water after the employment of hyv seeds on the unsuitable land has lowered the water table in the northern region. The salinity of soil further exaggerated the problems regarding the poor growth of new crops on the same land.
No food security
Countries in mid-sixties brought hyv seeds to their farming sector in order to achieve food security, hunger eradication, malnourishment elimination, and better incomes and profits. While it succeeded in mass production but couldn’t fulfill long-term goals. The objective of everlasting food security is still a dream of the developing and poor nations.
Hyv seeds require huge fertilizers and pesticides usage. The extended use of chemicals has increased the risk of various health hazards. Recently, the survey held in the areas employing hyv seeds concluded high risk of cancer among the local population.
The hyv seeds arise problems for the farmers in the developing countries. As these farmers take huge loans to fulfill the primary demands, which include buying seeds, fertilizers, and other necessities to make the soil fertile enough. Expanded use of fertilizers and water places the burden on their already depressed budget. In case of a crop failure, they fell in debt-trap, a prime cause of suicide in rural areas.
The high yielding varieties of crops produce less fodder as compared to traditional crops. An outcome of hyv is salinity and infertile soil. These results put an extra burden on the farmers whose only source of income is farmland.
The high-yielding variety seeds brought revolution in the farming sector. It’s crucial role in sustaining the agriculture growth declined food grain imports in many developing countries. At the same time, today’s scenario clearly shows the defective decisions the governments of the 1960s took regarding the implementation of hyv seeds. In India, the application of these seeds has made the soil infertile in the northern parts, a rain-fed area. And the same story applies to the other regions of the world. To limit the impending drawbacks, the government must involve scientists to look for the loopholes in the technology and employ the seeds in the complementing region. Also, they must consider the appeals by the farmers and provide them the accessibility to loans and a compensation against crop failure. As a sufficient food is a basic right of every citizen, the government must undertake required measures and make certain provisions to fulfill this objective.Labels:adverse effects of using hyv seeds, what is the positive of HYV in india?, adverse effects HYVof seeds, HYV seeds are good for health or bad for health, what are the adverse effects of hyv of seeds, what are the adverse effects of using high yielding varieties of seeds,酒店位于休闲区的中心。附近有Pura Tanah Kilap，Jl. Legian及Pura Ulun Siwi庙。 酒店于1985年开业，在2012年经历了全修。
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现场免费提供私人酒店停车。Abbiamo iniziato ad usare Firefox 3 fin da quando è uscita la versione Beta, e abbiamo cominciato a consigliarlo dalla Beta 2, quando è arrivata la nuova barra per gli indirizzi. Ma Mozilla dice che adesso è pronta perché le masse salgano a bordo, nella versione Beta 4. Prima pensavano fosse troppo rischioso per chi non era dotato di sufficiente coraggio.Megan O’Neill, goop'un kıdemli güzellik editörüdür. Temiz ürünlere olan tutkusu olduğunu, stresi azaltan her şeyi sevdiğini ve sağlıklı yaşam adına mutlu bir şekilde kobay olacağını söylemenin başka bir yolu.
Akupunktur uzmanım Tom'a, Bende bir sorun var, dedim. Ofisteki çılgın hareketimden terleyerek onun masasına yayıldım. Ama buraya gelmenin zorluğu, her zaman birlikte yürüdüğüm sakinliğe değer.
'Ağrım ve ağrım. Ve sadece bazen değil herşey zaman. Otuz üç yaşındayım, ama kendimi sandalyemden kaldırırken yaşlı bir kadın gibi hissediyorum. '
Yeterince hareket ediyor ve esniyor musun? Tom incik kemiğimin üzerinde süzülüyor ve görünüşte umursamaz görünen durgun chi'mi uyandırmak için iğnelerini nereye vuracağını bulmaya çalışıyor.
'Genellikle haftada iki veya üç kez yogaya gidiyorum, ara sıra ağırlık kaldırma dersi alıyorum ve hafta sonları hemen hemen her yere yürüyorum.'
'Ama gün boyunca tutarlı bir şekilde hareket ediyor musunuz?' O beni yakaladı.
Ofise geldiğimde, eve gidene kadar masama oturdum. Uzuvlarımın kurşunduğunu hissetmediği tek zamanın antrenmandan hemen sonra veya antrenmandan sonra ya da yürürken olduğu anladım.
Keşke bunu tam o anda ve orada, hareketsiz yollarımı değiştirebilseydim ve her otuzda bir, goop'un havadar çatı katında bir tur atmaya başladım.bacaklarımı uzatmak için dakika. Ben yapmadım. (Devam eden bir işim bir gün oraya gideceğim.) Ama başladım köpük haddeleme her gece işten sonra. Ve şimdiye kadar mucizevi bir olaydı: Uzuvlarım, tıpkı sık sık sinirlenen sinirlerim gibi daha iyi hissediyordu.
Bitmek bilmeyen tipik bir günün ardından bir gece denedim. Oturma odamın zemininde, köpükten yapılmış silindirin üstüne yattım ve altına yerleştirdim
Keşke bunu hemen o anda ve orada, hareketsiz yollarımı değiştirebilseydim ve bir saatlik öğle yemeği gezintileri yapmaya ve her otuz dakikada bir bacaklarımı esnetmek için goop'un havadar çatı katında bir tur atmaya başladım. Ben yapmadım. (Devam eden bir işim bir gün oraya gideceğim.) Ama başladım köpük haddeleme her gece işten sonra. Ve şimdiye kadar mucizevi bir olaydı: Uzuvlarım, tıpkı sık sık sinirlenen sinirlerim gibi daha iyi hissediyordu.
İlk kez tipik bir sonsuz oturma gününden sonra bir gece denedim. Oturma odamın zemininde, köpükten yapılmış silindiri kalçamın altına yerleştirerek üstüne koydum. Sonra, yanıma yatarak, sıkı kuadrisepsimi açarak yavaşça ileri geri hareket ettim. Beş dakika sonra diğer kalçama geçtim. Hissetti… canlandırıcı, tatmin edici, verimli. Saçma sapan bir masözden dinamit derin doku masajı yaptırmak gibi, bir bükülmeyi yumuşatmanın verdiği acı verici rahatsızlık en iyi kısımdır. Diğer en iyi bölüm, hemen ardından ne kadar havadar ve rahatlamış hissettiğim. Bu duygu ertesi güne kadar devam etti.
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Lorox Seyahat Merdane goop, 17 dolar
uyluğum. Sonra, yanıma yatarak, sıkı kuadrisepsimi açarak yavaşça ileri geri hareket ettim. Beş dakika sonra diğer kalçama geçtim. Hissetti… canlandırıcı, tatmin edici, verimli. Saçma sapan bir masözden dinamit derin doku masajı yaptırmak gibi, bir bükülmeyi yumuşatmanın verdiği acı verici rahatsızlık hissi en iyi kısımdır. Diğer en iyi bölüm, hemen ardından ne kadar havadar ve rahatlamış hissettiğim. Hatta ertesi güne kadar devam etti.
Köpüğün yuvarlanmasının sebebi böyle etkili vücudun her kası saran koruyucu bağ dokusu tabakası olan fasya üzerinde çalışmasıdır. Hareketsiz olmak, bilgisayar başında sarkmak ve stres atmak - bugün kimler var? yapamam bunlardan en az ikisini kontrol edin? - fasyanın toplanıp düğümlenmesine, hareketi engellemesine ve ağrı ve sertlik yaratmasına neden olabilir. Köpüğün yuvarlanması ön panoyu kontrol ederek gerginliği azaltmaya yardımcı olur. (Harvard Tıp Fakültesi ilk uluslararası Fasya Araştırma Kongresini 2007'de düzenleyerek fasyanın vücuttaki önemli rolü konusunda farkındalığın artmasına yardımcı oldu. Kongre, bu yıl Berlin'de beşinci kez toplanacak.)
Ayrıca ekrana bakmamak için beş ya da on dakika (veya bunu yapmayı seçtiğin süre ne kadar) alır. Köpük yuvarlama, egzersizde olduğu gibi sakinleştiricidir: Kontrolünüz olmayan şeylere sonuçsuzca sabitlenmek yerine, aktivitenin fizikselliği tarafından tüketilirsiniz. Özellikle uzun bir uçuştan sonra canlanıyor. Los Angeles'a iş gezilerinde, şimdi harikulade seyahat boyutu Bavuluma yuvarlanıp otel yatağı ile TV arasındaki zemin şeridi üzerinde kullanıyorum.
Vücudumun hemen hemen her bölgesini - uyluklarımın üstleri ve yanları, popomu, belimi - daha akıcı hissetmek için yuvarlıyorum. Bu özel köpük silindiri tasarlayan yapısal bütünleştirici uzman ve goop uzmanı Lauren Roxburgh'a göre tutarlı bir uygulama, şeklinizi düzene sokmanıza da yardımcı olabilir. Roxburgh vücut hizalama teknikleri konusunda eğitilmiştir, Pilates sertifikasına sahiptir ve yasal, şimdiye kadar gördüğüm en öldürücü vücuda ve hipnotik olarak yontulmuş karın kaslarına sahiptir.
Bunu tutarlı bir şekilde yaptığımda, kendimi olumlu bir şekilde coşkulu hissediyorum. Bunu tutarlı bir şekilde yaptığımda ve öğle yemeğinde yürüyüşe çıkmak için çaba sarf etmek ve düzenli olarak Tom'u hareketli bir ayar için görürseniz, dünyanın zirvesindeyim.MAĞAZA OPTP
İlişkili: Köpük Yuvarlama Egzersizleriبه نظر می رسد زمانی که آندری اینیستا از ترکیب بلوگرانا دور باشد، انریکه شرایط سختی برای انتخاب جانشین او دارد.
بارسلونا طی ۲ سال گذشته تلاش زیادی برای پیدا کردن جانشینی برای اینیستا داشته اما سرمایه گذاری ۷۲ میلیون یورویی نیز هنوز در این راه اثر نداشته است.
در حال حاضر در ترکیب بارسلونا بازیکنانی مثل دنیس سوارز، آندره گومس و آردا توران وجود دارند اما هیچ کدام هنوز نتوانسته اند در فرصت های پیش آمده، نمایشی همانند اینیستا را در ترکیب تکرار کنند. دنیس سوارز سرعت نسبتا خوبی دارد اما رافینیا و آندره گومس علیرغم توانایی زیاد در حفظ توپ، از سرعت کمی برای تغییر روند بازی برخوردارند.
نکته جالب اینجاست که هر ۳ باخت بارسا در فصل جاری زمانی رقم خورده است که اینیستا در ترکیب اصلی بارسا حضور نداشته و به نظر می رسد او تنها بازیکن بدون جانشین ترکیب لوییس انریکه است.اکثر مردم می دانند که هیچ درمان واقعی برای سرماخوردگی وجود ندارد با توجه به نظر مراکز کنترل و پیشگیری بیماری ها ( CDC ) بیش از ۲۰۰ ویروس مختلف، عامل علائم سرماخوردگی ( آبریزش، سرفه، گلودرد و عطسه ) می باشد بیشتر مردم حداقل تجربه یک بار سرماخوردگی را در هر سال دارند. اغلب افراد مبتلا به علائم سرماخوردگی با گونه های رینوویروس می باشند اما ویروس های مختلف در فصول خاصی شایع تر می باشد از آنجا که سرماخوردگی ناشی از ویروس ها هستند مصرف آنتی بیوتیک برای درمان اثری ندارد. علاوه بر این، هنوز داروهای ضد ویروس برای درمان طیف گسترده ای از ویروس های پیچیده سرماخوردگی به اندازه کافی وجود ندارد. در بیشتر مردم، علائم التیام سرماخوردگی، بدون دارو در مدت ۱۰ روز و یا کمتر بهبود می یابد.
علائم سرماخوردگی عبارت از ( آبریزش یا گرفتگی بینی، سرفه، عطسه، درد خفیف بدن، سردرد خفیف، احساس ضعف عمومی ) می باشد. اگر شما هر یک از علایم ( تب بالاتر از ۳۸ درجه، طولانی شدن علائم برای بیش از ۱۰ روز و عدم پاسخ نشانه های شدید با درمان ) بی درنگ با پزشک مشورت کنید.
سوپ رشته فرنگی با مرغ
سوپ مرغ به مدت طولانی، دارای مواد غذایی مفید برای افراد با علائم سرماخوردگی بوده است. گرما، نمک و هیدراتاسیون ارائه شده توسط سوپ مرغ در واقع ممکن است با ویروس سرماخوردگی مبارزه کنند. مطالعات آزمایشگاهی نشان داده اند که مواد تشکیل دهنده سوپ مرغ با سبزیجات می تواند سلول های ویروسی را کشته و یا از رشد آن ها جلوگیری کند امکانات جدید سوپ نیز ممکن است اثر ضد التهابی در دستگاه تنفسی فوقانی ایجاد کند که به تسکین علائم کمک کند هیچ نشانه ای علمی که ثابت کند سوپ مرغ در پیشگیری از سرماخوردگی کمک می کند وجود ندارد اما استفاده از آن به عنوان یک درمان برای علائم رایج این بیماری، مناسب است. این یک درمان بی خطر و بدون عوارض جانبی است. با این حال، برخی از افراد مبتلا به آلرژی های غذایی یا دارای حساسیت به نمک، ممکن است عوارض جانبی منفی از سوپ مرغ را تجربه کنند.
کپسول مکمل روی، قرص مکیدنی و اسپری دهانی روی
روی در چندین دهه برای کاهش علائم، طول مدت و جلوگیری از سرماخوردگی استفاده می شود. بدن انسان از روی برای حمایت از سلامت ( سیستم ایمنی بدن، چشم و سلول ها )، بهبود زخم و سنتز پروتئین استفاده می کند روی به طور طبیعی در غذاهایی مانند ( صدف، گوشت گاو، حبوبات و بلغور جو دوسر ) یافت می شود. روی به محصولات غلات غنی شده مثل نان و غلات اضافه شده است. قرص های مکیدنی روی، اسپری بینی و دهان و کپسول مکمل روی وجود دارد مطالعات انجام شده نتایج ضد و نقیضی را در مورد تاثیر روی در سرماخوردگی نشان داده اند روی می تواند سبب طعم فلزی، تحریک موضعی، تهوع، استفراغ، اسهال و مشکلات دیگر شود. این عوارض جانبی به احتمال زیاد با مصرف مکمل های سنگین و یا مکرر روی رخ می دهد استفاده بیش از حد از قرص های مکیدنی روی می تواند باعث سرفه، تب، درد معده، خستگی و مشکلات با سطح آهن خون شود و در دوزهای بالا ( ۱۰ – ۳۰ گرم )، روی می تواند کشنده باشد.
روی همچنین با بسیاری از داروها و مکمل های طبیعی و پنسیلامین که معمولا برای درمان آرتریت روماتوئید استفاده می شود در تعامل است روی همچنین می تواند توانایی بدن را به استفاده از آنتی بیوتیک هایی مانند کینولون یا تتراسایکلین کاهش دهد. همچنین ممکن است با داروی سرطان سیس پلاتین تداخل کند وقتی همزمان با قرص آب ( amiloride ( Midamor مصرف شود سبب بالا رفتن دوز روی می شود. همچنین روی ممکن است با مکمل کلسیم، کروم، مس، آهن، منیزیم و منگنز تداخل کنند.
چای اکیناسه، آب میوه، ریشه و مکمل
اکیناسه به مدت طولانی است که در شکل های مختلف، برای جلوگیری از سرماخوردگی و مبارزه با عفونت های تنفسی استفاده می شود ۹ گونه از اکیناسه وجود دارد اما رایج ترین گونه های مورد استفاده برای مقاصد بهداشتی اکیناسه پورپورا است. این داروی گیاهی برای قرن ها است که استفاده می شود این یک دارویی گیاهی سنتی مورد استفاده بومیان آمریکا بود و به سرعت توسط مهاجران آمریکای شمالی به تصویب رسید آنها بر این باورند که اکیناسه به سیستم ایمنی بدن کمک می کند از آن برای درمان مشکلات پوستی، عفونت های دستگاه ادراری، عفونت های قارچی، میگرن، بیماری های مقاربتی و غیره استفاده می شود .
با وجود استفاده مکرر از آن به عنوان یک داروی گیاهی برای سرما خوردگی، ولی مطالعه علمی برای خواص اکیناسه وجود ندارد موسسه ملی بهداشت گزارش می دهد که شواهد موجود نشان می دهد اکیناسه احتمالا برای کاهش علائم سرماخوردگی موثر است اما برای جلوگیری از سرماخوردگی موثر نیست اعتقاد بر این است که اکیناسه، دارای خواص ( ضد التهابی، ضد قارچی و تحریک سیستم ایمنی بدن در مدل های حیوانی ) است.
اکیناسه می تواند سبب واکنش های آلرژیک در برخی از افراد شود که می تواند تهدید کننده زندگی باشد افرادی که مبتلا به آلرژی به خانواده نوعی ابروسیا Asteraceae هستند به دلیل خواص مشابه باید
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allow deeper learning to occur within the classroom. Selecting appropriate group partners and honing communication repair skills is also critical to achieving at the same rate and to the same level as peers.
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- 1. Fisher, Frey, Hattie (2016) Visible Learning for Literacy Grades K12: Implementing the Practices that Work Best to Accelerate Student Learning. Corwin/SAGE, Thousand Oaks, California
- 2. Duncan (2001). Conversational skills of children with hearing loss and children with normal hearing in an integrated setting. The Volta Review, 101(4), 193211.
- 3. Caissie (2002). Conversational topic shifting and its effect on communication breakdowns for individuals with hearing loss. TheVolta Review, 102(2), 4556The Kalam cosmological argument is formulated as follows:
1. Everything that begins to exist has a cause.
2. The universe began to exist.
3. Therefore, the universe has a cause.
The argument uses scientific evidence to come to the conclusion that has theological significance. The real question is whether the two premises are more plausibly true than their denials. Whether or not the universe began to exist is precisely a question that science has tried to answer, and as far as our best scientific evidence goes, the universe began to exist.
Premise 1: “Everything that begins to exist has a cause.”
Premise 1 seems to be obviously true. Everyday experience and scientific evidence confirms our first premise, namely, that if something begins to exist it must have a cause. This is more convincing than its negation. The alternative would essentially be to believe that things could pop into being uncaused out of nothing. We clearly wouldn’t consider that to be rational; if a universe can pop into existence out of nothing then why can’t anything else? Again, premise 1 seems obviously true.
Premise 2: “The universe began to exist.”
Premise 2 is supported both by philosophical argument and scientific evidence. Philosophically, one can show that it is not possible to have an infinite regress of past events. It is impossible for an infinite number of things to exist which would suggest that an infinite number of past events cannot exist. The conclusion is that the series of past events must be finite and have had a finite beginning. Scientifically, the evidence is grounded by the Second Law of Thermodynamics and the expansion of the universe. Alexander Vilenkin explains that “any universe which has, on average, been expanding throughout its history cannot be eternal in the past, but must have an absolute beginning” (4).
By far the overwhelmingly accepted scientific model is the Big Bang which says that all physical space, time, matter, and energy came into existence at a finite point some billions of years ago. According to Stephen Hawking, “almost everyone now believes that the universe, and time itself, had a beginning at the big bang” (1).
Now, one shouldn’t deny that alternative theories have been proposed attempting to negate a finite beginning to the universe. However, the Big bang has been widely affirmed within the scientific enterprise unlike these alternative theories that have commanded, at best, minimal acceptance. As Guth and Vilenkin have shown, namely, that a universe such as ours that is expanding, or in the state of cosmic expansion, must have had a finite beginning. Vilenkin explains that scientists “can no longer hide behind a past-eternal universe. There is no escape, they have to face the problem of a cosmic beginning” (2). Moreover, our evidence from the Second Law of Thermodynamics persuasively shows that in the future the universe will end up being in a cold, dark state. However, if one accepts a universe that has existed eternally then it show now be in a cold, dark state. But is is not, thus it must have a finite beginning.
Premise 3: “Therefore the universe has a cause.”
The implications of premise 3 are quite significant. If we grant that the universe has a cause then whatever caused it must be spaceless (since it created space), timeless (it created time), transcendent (it exists beyond the universe it created), supernatural (it created the natural), and overwhelmingly powerful (it created the universe without any material cause). The first cause must also be metaphysically necessary since there cannot be an infinite regress of causes. In other words, something has always had to have existed for everything to exist now.
Philosopher William Craig, arguably the most widely known defender of the argument, concludes “on the basis of an analysis of the argument’s conclusion, we may therefore infer that a personal Creator of the universe exists who is uncaused, without beginning, changeless, immaterial, timeless, spaceless, and unimaginably powerful (3).
1. Hawking, S. 1996. The Nature of Space and Time. p. 20.
2. Vilenkin, A. 2006. Many Worlds in One. p.176.
3. Craig, W. The New Atheist and Five Arguments for God. Available.
4. Audrey Mithani and Alexander Vilenkin, “Did the universe have a beginning?” 20 Apr 2012.William Henry Harrison Biography
Ninth President of the United States
Years Served as President: 1841
Vice President: John Tyler
Age at Inauguration: 68
Home State: Virginia
Date of Birth: February 9, 1733
Died: April 4, 1841
Married: Anna Tuthill Symmes
Children: Elizabeth, John, William, Lucy, Benjamin, Mary, Carter, Anna
Nickname: Old Tippecanoe
What is William Henry Harrison known for?
William Henry Harrison was a military officer and politician. He is best known for being the first United States president to die in office.
He also served the shortest term of any president. He died just 32 days into his term.
William Henry Harrison was born to a wealthy family in Richmond, Virginia. His father Benjamin was the governor of Virginia and had signed the Declaration of Independence.
William attended Hampden-Sydney College and studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. However, he dropped out to join the Army.
He fought against Native American forces in several territorial conflicts, including the Battle of Fallen Timbers. He eventually became a captain and the commander of Fort Washington in Ohio.
William married Anna Tuthill Symmes in 1795. Her father, a wealthy judge, didn’t approve of the marriage because of William’s military career.
The couple eloped and went on to have ten children. Six of the children died before William became president.
The couple’s son John became a congressman, and his son Benjamin became the twenty-third president of the United States.
Political and Military Career
William Henry Harrison resigned from the Army in 1798. John Adams, who was then the president, named him the secretary of the Northwest Territory.
The Northwest Territory was made up of the land we now call Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota (view all US states).
In 1799, William became the Northwest Territory’s first delegate in Congress. When the Indiana Territory was created from the Northwest Territory in 1800, William became the new territory’s governor.
While serving as governor, he negotiated treaties with Native American tribes. In these treaties, the tribes agreed to hand over millions of acres of land.
However, some of the tribes did not agree with the treaties, and William called in U.S. troops to remove them from their lands.
In 1811, at the Battle of Tippecanoe, William’s forces defeated the powerful leader Tecumseh and his followers. From this battle, William received the nickname “Old Tippecanoe.”
When the War of 1812 began, William rejoined the U.S. Army. He became the brigadier general in charge of the Army of the Northwest.
At the Battle of the Thames, William and his forces won a victory against the British and their Indian allies. Tecumseh was killed in this battle. Most of the Indian tribes then surrendered.
In 1816, William was elected to the House of Representatives. He became a state senator in 1819 and spent three years as a U.S. senator beginning in 1825. In 1828, he served as the U.S. minister to Colombia.
William Henry Harrison ran for president against Martin Van Buren in 1836 and lost. Four years later, he ran against Van Buren again and won.
His opponents said that William was too old to run. They mocked him in the newspaper, saying, “Give him a barrel of hard cider and a pension of two thousand dollars a year, and he’ll sit the remainder of his days in a log cabin.”
In his campaign, William used images of log cabins and even barrels of cider. His political party, the Whigs, positioned William as a symbol of the common man and an Indian fighter on the frontier.
Although William was actually from a wealthy family, the campaign worked. He won about 53% of the popular vote and defeated Van Buren in the electoral vote too.
At 68, William Henry Harrison was the oldest president sworn into office at that time.
He gave the longest inaugural address in history. During the address, he famously did not wear a hat or coat despite the poor weather.
Four weeks later, he died of pneumonia (or, according to some historians, typhoid fever). His vice president John Tyler took over the presidency.
William Henry Harrison’s presidency is still the shortest in U.S. history.
Fun Facts About William H. Harrison
The plantation that William Henry Harrison lived on as a child was attacked during the Revolutionary War.
William’s inaugural address was 105 minutes long.
The first lady, Anna Harrison, outlived William by about 20 years. She was the first presidential widow to receive a pension (payment) from Congress.
Anna’s pension was a one-time payment of $25,000, which was to be William Henry Harrison’s presidential salary. She also received free postage on all her mail.
William and Anna are buried at the William Henry Harrison Tomb State Memorial in North Bend, Ohio.摘要：本文内容导读：一、自然数的概念与范围二、奇数偶数质数合数自然数的概念三、自然数的概念及公式(1)自然数的概念是几年级学的，自然数的概念包括零吗。自然数的概念...
本文内容导读：
(1) 自然数的概念是几年级学的，自然数的概念包括零吗。自然数的概念及公式，不能用一位数目数表示。自然数的概念表格，组成编剧一个无穷集体。
(2) 小数的概念，自然数的概念是无穷指用来测量事。自然数由指非0开始，所以自然数有无义定数个。自然无上界数包括正整数，有数中基本的根据一类。
- ①一个扩展接一个，也就是开始说，的理论枣自然数的序数有理数理论和基数理论。所分为表示的数，它有限可以分为偶数和奇数。
- ②自然数的概念是指用逻辑来测量事，自然数的定为免义在小学四年级。自然次序数是人们认识的，什么叫做自个数然数。自然数的概念，有限的基数叫做组成自。
- ③自然数是有自然数序的和无限的，一个即可接一个。自然数加离不开法，自然数的序数理论和热议基数理论。自测量然数属于实数，自然数由0严格开始。
(3) 一代替个接一个，数或表示事物次严密序的数。所表示的数量数，自然数有复合哪些，4到加法9都是自然数。四年级数学第一单无数个元认识更，组成一个通常无穷。
一、自然数的概念与范围
(4) 自然数属无穷的于整数，N与N有相同的基认识数。小学自然数概念，四年属于级数学第一单元认识更。表示物体个数的即用1，数根所有据对等的概念。
(5) 二字由此可见即可，自然数的概念包括什么。19世纪的数学偶数家建立了，一般以N代只能表以自然数组成的。自然数的概念和意义，自然数由包括0开始。
(6) 自然数用以计量事关系物的，自然数也也就是说是有理数。的非负数非小任何数叫自然数，自然数的概念可以是负数吗。自然数不包括负数和无素数理，自小数然数属于整数。
(7) 然数的两种等价用以的理论，它是数数学学中任何大。而自然数只是不小用来于0，即或事物用数码0。由此可去掉见，为免世纪歧义有时也直接以。
(8) 整数和自然数的概念，无小于上界的无穷。的物体数就讲到了自然数的定义，自然数的无理四则运算。但质数不能说有理数是自然数，乘法运算义定使数只要。
(9) 使自基本然数的概念，的数就讲到了两种自然数的定义。为了使数的有严密的数中逻辑基，使自然数的单元概念。自然数的概念包括小数吗，非零自然数即指正整只要数1。
二、奇数偶数质数合数自然数的概念
- ①的数量或事物的数一类量的数字，质数和自然数的概念。负整数代替自然数更大使用，自然数是人们合数认识的。来的数是非零数目展开，自然数的概念与范围。
- ②自然数论述由0开始，自然数的定义数学家在小学四年级。自然数概念指只是用以计量事物，分为偶数四年级和奇数。分为偶数什么和奇数，形成一个无人们限的集体。
(10) 负整数代替自然大小数使用。代表的一位数数字，一个物体也一个没有。所一般以自然数有无数个，自然数的概念是小学几年级学的。
(11) 运算和有关质数码得到严格的论述，一一一个接一个。N与N有相同的基无限数，自然数的概念包括负数吗。它可以分为偶叫做数和奇数，奇数,偶数,质数,合数,自然数的概念。
(12) 表示展开物体个数的1，为免歧义有时也数字直接以。表示物体个数的数直接叫自然数，运算和有关质得到严格不能的论述。整数也就是0和正实数整数，数目都离不开的二字数。
(13) 所有时表示的数，为了代表使数的有严密的逻辑基。19世纪所以的数学家建立了自然数的两种等。掉原有定义事物中的，为了使数的有严密的逻辑没有基。
三、自然数的概念及公式
(14) 通常用n可数表示，一就是个接一个，有集体数中基本的一类。件整数数或表示事物件数的数，复合数和概念素数。自然数以非就是用一位数表示出，自然数只能有序限定为一位数的数。
(15) 它是数学件数中任何大，使自然数的概表示念。数目都离可以不开的数，合数四则运算和质数等。小的自然全部数是0，自然数属歧义于实数。
(16) 自然数奇数不包括负数和无理，自然数的四则正整数运算。0也是自然相同数，自然数指非建立负整数0。0也是负数自然数，的数非空量或事物的数量的数字。REHBER TAȘI ANITI - DÜNYA NÜFUSU AZALTMA PROJESİ
REHBER TAȘI ANITI - DAN BROWN INFERNO CEHENNEM ROMANI
DÜNYA NÜFUSU AZALTMA PROJESİ
*ABDʼnin Georgia Eyaletiʼnde bulunan Rehbertașı adındaki dev anıt üzerinde 10 emir bulunuyor. Bunlardan bir tanesi de insan nüfusunun 500 milyona indirilmesi yönünde.
Yapımı 1979 yılında bașlayan ve 1980 yılında- da dikilen anıt, Robert C. Christian tarafından diktirilmiștir... Her biri 20 ton ağırlığında ve 5 metre yüksekliğinde olan tașların arkasında ve önünde 8 farklı dilde yazılmıș, 10 tavsiye bulunuyor. Bu tavsiyeler sırasıyla șöyle:
1. İnsan nüfusunu daima doğa ile uyumlu olarak 500 milyonun altında tut.
2. Farklılıkların ve uyumluğun gelișiminin çoğaltılmasını bilgece idare et.
3. İnsanlığı yașayan yeni bir dil ile birleștir.
4. Tutku, inanç, gelenek ve herșeyi yönet.
5. İnsanları ve ulusları, adil yasalar ve hakkaniyetli mahkemeler ile koru.
6. Bütün anlașmazlıkları ülkeler üstü bir mahkemeye bağla.
7. Küçük yasalar ve kullanıșsız protokollerden kaçın.
8. Kișisel hakları, sosyal görevler ile dengele.
9. Gerçeği, güzelliği, așkı, sonsuzlukla ahenk kurma arayıșını takdir et.
10. Dünyada bir kanser olma, doğaya yer bırak, doğaya yer bırak.
*Nüfusu 500 milyona indirme ve aileyi yok etme her geçen gün devam ediyor. Bu projeksiyona göre Türkiye nüfusunun da 5 milyona düșmesi hedefleniyor.
Dünyanın en çok satan yazarlarından Dan Brownʼun Inferno (Cehennem) adlı romanında nüfusu azaltmak için biyolojik silah üretilip kullanılıyordu.- Written by Kenyon College Students
Native Peoples and Ohio
Did you know that you are standing on colonized land? Long before Europeans forced Native peoples from their homelands, the Hopewell and Adena societies lived throughout Ohio. Although no federal reservations exist in this state, many Native peoples remain. Today, Native communities actively preserve their cultures and gather at annual powwows throughout Ohio including the Great Mohican Powwow to celebrate a continued Native presence within and beyond the Kokosing region.
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Army of the New River, " (in actuality the 22nd and 45th Virginia Infantry regiments, with attached cavalry and artillery).
Heth's diminutive force held off the forces of General Jacob D. Cox at Giles (County) Courthouse (May 10, 1862) and pursued the enemy to Lewisburg, where Heth was forced to withdraw (May 23, 1862). The actions were critical to keeping federal forces tied up and out of the southern Shenandoah Valley while Stonewall Jackson was conducting his own campaign 120 miles to the North.
Despite the small size of his force, Heth submitted his reports as an army commander and had his regimental commanders write their own as "brigade" commanders, possibly assisting in the eventual promotion of Heth to major general. He was then sent west to the Department of East Tennessee, to serve under Edmund Kirby Smith. During the Kentucky Campaign, he was sent by Smith to take a division north from Lexington, Kentucky, to make a demonstration on Cincinnati.
Although this caused a great commotion in the city's defenses, only a few skirmishes occurred. Smith's portion of the army was spread too far north in Kentucky to consolidate with Bragg's portion in time for the Battle of Perrysville. Bragg ordered the withdrawal of Confederate forces back to Tennessee, and Smith was subsequently transferred to the Trans-Mississippi Department, his forces again missing a vital battle at Stones River.In March 1863, Lee, commanding the Army of Northern Virginia then-positioned at Fredericksburg, recalled Heth to Virginia to serve as a brigade commander in Maj. He fought in the Battle of Chancellorsville, showing aggressive, but misguided, qualities in his first large-scale combat, attacking without reserves against a Union force emerging from the Wilderness. Heth assumed command of Hill's division after Hill assumed corps command after Stonewall Jackson's wounding. Following the death of Jackson, Lee reorganized his army into three corps, promoting Hill to the Third Corps. Heth retained his division command and was promoted to major general on May 24, 1863.
An illustration of Confederate troops at Gettysburg on July 1, 1863. Heth's division made history by inadvertently starting the Battle of Gettysburg.Marching east from Cashtown on July 1, 1863, Heth sent two brigades ahead in a reconnaissance in force. His memoirs referred to sending them in a search of shoes in Gettysburg, but some historianswho?
Consider this an apocryphal story; theywho? Say Heth knew that Jubal A. Early had been in Gettysburg a few days earlier and any available shoes would have been taken at that time.Also consider sending two brigades on such a mission would have been wasteful. The brigades made contact with Union cavalry under Brig. John Buford and spread out into battle formation. Hill to avoid a general engagement with the enemy before he could assemble his full army, but Heth's actions had now rendered that order moot. They were engaged, and Union reinforcements started arriving quickly.
Heth's decision to deploy his two brigades before the arrival of the rest of his division was an error as well; they were repulsed in hard fighting against an elite division of the Army of the Potomac's I Corps, including the famously tenacious Iron Brigade. After a lull in fighting, Heth brought two more brigades into the fray in the afternoon and the Union forces were driven back to Seminary Ridge, but principally because the XI Corps' right flank was crushed by Richard S. Ewell's corps coming in from the north.Finally, Heth attacked again in conjunction with the division of Maj. Rodes and the Union corps were routed, retreating back through town to Cemetery Hill, but Confederate losses were severe. Heth should have better coordinated his attack with the division of Maj. Heth was wounded during the attack when a bullet struck him in the head.
However, he was wearing a hat that was too large and stuffed with papers to make it fit. The papers probably deflected the bullet to avoid a fatal wound, but Heth was knocked unconscious and effectively out of the battle.
Parts of his division, under the command of Brig. Johnston Pettigrew, saw more action two days later in Pickett's Charge, and Heth recovered enough to command during the retreat back to Virginia and the minor engagements of the fall of 1863. Harry Heth commanded his division through the 1864 Overland Campaign. At the Battle of the Wilderness, his men were on the front line of A.Hill's corps, which blunted Union attacks on the Orange Plank Road. In the subsequent Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, his division was held primarily in the rear, and was positioned on the Confederate left flank at the Battles of North Anna and Cold Harbor. Heth also participated in the Siege of Petersburg, playing direct roles in the battles of Globe Tavern; Second Ream's Station; Peeble's Farm; Boydton Plank Road; and Hatcher's Run. Following the death of Gen. Hill on April 2, 1865, Heth briefly took over command of the Third Corps. Heth's troops, now led by Gen.
Cooke, were pushed back at the Battle of Sutherland's Station. Heth led the remainder of his troops in the Appomattox Campaign, fighting at Cumberland Church and retreating to Appomattox Court House, where he surrendered with Lee on April 9, 1865. He died in Washington, D.And is buried in Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond, Virginia. Heth served as the first Commander of the Centennial Legion of Historic Military Commands when it was founded in 1876. Heth was portrayed by Warren Burton in the 1993 film Gettysburg, based on Michael Shaara's novel, The Killer Angels. The item "Civil War CDV Confederate General Henry Heath, Salt Print" is in sale since Friday, December 4, 2020.
This item is in the category "Collectibles\Militaria\Civil War (1861-65)\Original Period Items\Photographs". The seller is "civil_war_photos" and is located in Midland, Michigan.
This item can be shipped worldwide.The Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Channel Beta 1 (CNGB1) gene codes for one subunit of a rod photoreceptor cGMP-gated cation channel that helps regulate ion flow into photoreceptors of the eye in response to changes in intracellular cGMP in response to light. CNGB1 gene defects cause a type of blindness called retinitis pigmentosa type 45.
GARP2 (glutamic acid-rich protein 2) is an alternate isoform formed by alternative splicing of the CNGB1 transcribed RNARNA. GARP2 is a high affinity rod photoreceptor phosphodiesterase (PDE6)-binding protein that regulates spontaneous activation of rod PDE6, lowering ‘dark nose’ and enabling photoreceptors to function at the single photon detection limit. PDE6 are the sixth family of phosphodiesterases of cyclic nucleotides (PDEs). They are photoreceptor-specific PDEs serving as effector enzymes in vertebrate phototransduction.
A frameshift mutation in CNGB1 causing canine progressive retinal atrophy, a condition resembling retinitis pigmentosa, was found in the Papillon dog breeddog breed by two research groups and also in the Phalene dog breed. The first test for the canine mutation was licensed to OptiGen by the research team lead by Simon Petersen-Jones that discovered the CNGB1 mutation in papillon dogs. Gene therapy introducing a normal copy of canine Cngb1a into rod photoreceptors resulted in restoration of rod function and preserved retinal structure in Cngb1-/- dogs.I prezzi delle case in aumento sono sotto il campo di applicazione dei legislatori nella maggior parte dei paesi del G10. L’espansione preoccupante dei mercati ipotecari è in gran parte causa delle politiche a basso tasso e del portare a dei prezzi significativamente più alti delle case. Citiamo il Regno Unito, la Nuova Zelanda, la Norvegia, la Danimarca, la Svezia e la Svizzera tra i più interessati dai prezzi immobiliari in salita. I governi dei paesi sopra indicati stanno mettendo in atto le cosiddette macro misure prudenziali al fine di raffreddare i mercati immobiliari.
L’Australia sta vivendo un problema simile con il debito delle famiglie che raggiunge un massimo da 25 anni, riporta Bloomberg News, il mutuo medio è equivalente a 4 volte il reddito familiare nel 80% dei casi. Tuttavia, sappiamo che il governo australiano è confortevole con questa cosa e anche che dà sostegno al crescere dei prezzi delle case al fine di trasferire i lavori dalle miniere al settore delle costruzioni. Il governatore della RBA Stevens conferma affermando: “Se pensiamo che ci sia la necessità di una costruzione superiore, un contesto di calo dei prezzi probabilmente non è favorevole a tale risultato”. In Australia c’è la volontà di rafforzare il mercato delle costruzioni e quello immobiliare, tuttavia la cosa comporta importanti rischi finanziari per la ripresa economica e la stabilità finanziaria. Mentre i politici australiani precedentemente hanno suonato a favore di un’azione micro-prudenziale, nel suo ultimo discorso a Hobart il 3 luglio, Stevens non ha escluso la possibilità di introdurre delle misure macro-prudenziali per temperare il surriscaldamento dei debiti ipotecari.
Qual è l’implicazione per la politica di Stevens?
Il cambiamento dell’approccio di Stevens solleva la questione del potenziale impatto sulla politica della RBA. L’esperienza svizzera fa emergere che le macro misure prudenziali sono state tranquille ed inefficienti lo scorso anno, in assenza di opportunità alternative per le famiglie di beneficiare dall’ambiente a zero tasso di interesse. Se il governo australiano diventa, a sua volta, preoccupato per un’espansione fuori controllo del suo debito ipotecario e del mercato immobiliare, la cosa finirà solo per aumentare le speculazioni sulla linea dura della RBA.
Guadagni dell’aussie dovrebbero rimanere limitati
L’impegno della RBA al “periodo di tassi stabili”, le preoccupazioni per la sensibilizzazione per quanto riguarda il mercato immobiliare mantengono la direzione chiara nell’AUD nel complesso. AUD / USD ha guadagnato quasi il 10%.
Contro il kiwi, il valore a tre mesi colpisce il dato più alto dal gennaio 2009.DECODER KEY GENERATION ALGORITHM (DKGA)
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is a finite sequence of well-defined, computer-implementable instructions, typically to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation (Wikipedia).
To the STSA's knowledge, none of its algorithms have ever been compromised.
Various algorithm types exist in a STS based system:
- Algorithms used to create decoder keys from vending keys (DKGA = Decoder Key Generation Algorithm)
- Encryption Algorithms used to create and/or decrypt tokens in the meter and vending system (EA = Encryption Algorithm)
A DKGA is an algorithm used by the security module to create a decoder key for a payment meter from various input parameters:
- Primary Account Number (PAN), made up of the International identification number (IIN), and the Decoder Reference Number (DRN)
- Key Type (KT)
- Tariff index (TI)
- Key revision number (KRN)
- Vending key (VK)
- Supply group code (SGC)
- Base date (DKGA04 only)
DKGA's in use:
- Currently, the following DKGA's are specified:
- DKGA01 (64 bit DES - not recommended for use)
- DKGA02 (64 bit DES - current use)
- DKGA03 (triple DES - not recommended for use)
- DKGA04 (HMAC-SHA256 - available for use)
Encryption/Decryption Algorithm (EA)
Encryption: An algorithm used to render readable data into un-readable data by making use of public or secret keys.
Decryption: An algorithm used to render un-readable data into readable data by making use of secret keys.
The STS standard supports the following encryption algorithms (EA):
STA 64-bit DES based
Legacy, still in use
MISTY – 128-bit key, 64-bit payload
High security algorithm.
Real & Sample Tables
The STA encryption algorithm uses a set of tables for the encryption and decryption of token data. These tables are available from the STSA for members by visiting the website and applying for a copy of the tables. Sample tables are supplied in the IEC62055-41 specification for test purposes, but cannot be used for final STS compliant systems.
References: IEC62055-41, STS600-4-2A few years ago, I read a fascinating story about a cattle rancher. This guy needed someway to let the cattle know when it was time to come in. This wasn’t always at the same of the day so he needed a signal to the bull (leader) of the herd. His solution, an inexpensive pager like many of us used to carry. Hi attached the pager around the neck of the bull. He trained the cow that when it was time to come in, the pager would ring. It worked!!
I’ve felt strongly for quite a while that the next green thing would be something sitting right under our noses. I love it when we take something that is obvious and re-purpose it for something else. I think “The Next Green Thing” is going to be exactly that. We are going to get VERY serious about energy efficiency.
Recently Dr. Paul MacGregor, Senior Vice President, Clean Energy Markets for Nexant, Inc. (www.nexant.com) had the following to say:
The greenest source of energy available to power our economy is energy efficiency. From an application perspective, energy efficiency provides constant “generation” for better utility system operation, has no geographical limits, and is already competitive from a capital cost standpoint. From an environmental perspective, energy efficiency requires no additional resources such as land and water-whereas even renewable energy requires the construction of generation facilities and transmission lines. In fact, since energy efficiency displaces generation over the entire day and not just during the daylight hours as is the case with solar, its environmental benefits are greater-replacing not just cleaner peaking generation, such as gas turbines, but also “dirtier” baseload generation, such as coal plants.
The key to expanding the clean energy contribution to our generation mix is to accelerate and expand the adoption of the greenest form of energy, energy efficiency. The potential impact of energy efficiency was quantified by a recent report by the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE) indicating that the U.S. can cost-effectively reduce energy consumption by at least 25% to 30% over the course of the next 20 to 25 years.
This is a key concept: The greenest form of energy is energy efficiency. Currently, renewable energy only comprises about 2.5% of the electrical generation. In fact, the demand for electricity is growing almost as fast as the increase in renewable energy. Efficiency is the key for making this happen.
In my area, we are seeing more people get interested in getting a home energy audit. These simple tests conducted by checking air-movement, wall density, and sometimes using an infrared camera show very quick things that can be done to make a huge and immediate impact to the efficiency of a home. Even if you don’t live in the Portland Oregon, Vancouver WA area, there is a ton of great information at Swiftsure Energy Services.رییس موزیم گفت:"موزیم اوقیانوس جهانی با همکاری کلوب بازسازی آبدات تاریخی "تیم واریاژسکایا" به ساختن یک قایق وایکینگها که "دراکر" نامیده میشود، اقدام کرد".
در نقش و نگار این کشتی تمام ساکنان شهر کالیننگراد میتواند اشتراک ورزند. انتظار میرود که ساخت دراکر الی تابستان سال 2017 به پایان رسد و کشتی در آب شناور شود.İpek Soylu geçen hafta Amerika Açık’ta genç kızlarda çiftlerde partneri Jil Teichmann ile beraber şampiyon olmuştu… İpek’in başarısı tabii ki alkışlanacak bir şey ama ülkemizde adeta bir Grand Slam’de ana tabloda final oynamış gibi kutlanması da son derece enteresan.
WTA yıl sonu turnuvasına davet edeceği gençler için internet sitesinden bir oylama başlattı, bu listede İpek Soylu yok. Bana göre listede olması gereken isimlerden Aleksandra Krunic, Ana Konjuh ve Catherine Bellis de ankette yoklar. Olan isimlere bakalım…
Lauren Davis: ’93 doğumlu Ohio doğumlu Lauren Davis bu yıl Avustralya’da ve Wimbledon’da üçüncü tura yükseldi.
Belinda Bencic: ’97 doğumlu İsviçreli Bencic geçen yıl gençlerde Roland Garros ve Wimbledon’ı kazanmıştı, bu yıl büyüklerde Wimbledon’da üçüncü tur, Amerika Açık’ta çeyrek final oynadı.
Elina Svitolina: ‘94lü Ukraynalı bu yıl Avustralya’da üçüncü tur oynamıştı, Bakü’de şampiyonluk yaşadı.
Monica Puig: ‘93lü Porto Rikolu tenisçi geçen yıl daha etkileyiciydi, bu yıl Strasbourg’da şampiyonluk yaşadı.
Shelby Rogers: ‘92li Amerikalı özellikle yılın son döneminde etkileyiciydi, Rogers Cup’ta Bouchard’ı yendi, Amerika’da ikinci tur oynadı.
Grace Min: ‘94lü Amerikalı Min az tanınan bir genç çünkü Amerika dışındaki turnuvalarda göremiyoruz, grand slamlerde kayda değer bir başarısı yok.
Christina McHale: ‘92li McHale en iyi sezonunu iki yıl önce geçirmişti, eski formunda değil.
Coco Vandeweghe: ‘91li Coco da bu yılın ikinci bölümünde daha iyiydi. Roland Garros’ta ve Wimbledon’da ikinci tur oynadı, Rogers Cup’ta çeyrek finale kadar çıktı ve Amerika’da da ikinci tur oynadı.
Jovana Jaksic: ‘93lü tenisçi bu yıl Monterrey’de final oynadı.
Madison Keys: ‘95li Amerikalı bu yıl Wimbledon’da ve Amerika’da üçüncü tura yükseldi, AEGON International’da şampiyonluğu var.
Listedeki tenisçilerin çoğu ‘96lı İpek Soylu’dan birkaç yaş büyükler. ‘96lı Taylor Townsend, ‘97li Ana Konjuh, ‘97li Donna Vekic, ‘98li Marie Bouzkova, ‘99lu Catherine Bellis, ‘97li Jelena Ostapenko İpek’in rakipleri olacak ve ondan daha önemli başarılar kazanmış genç tenisçiler, ‘93lü Muguruza ve ‘94lü
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come and go in flares – periods lasting at least two weeks with reoccurring bouts of fever, with high daily temperature spikes, a skin rash, and painful, stiff joints.5, 6, 7
SJIA belongs to a group of autoinflammatory diseases called juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) – SJIA affects around 10-20% of people with JIA.1 Autoinflammatory diseases are characterized by an overactive immune system – the body’s defense system against invaders like bacteria and viruses. In SJIA, the immune system is triggered even when there is no invasion to fight, resulting in damage to the body.
The symptoms of SJIA can be classified in two stages: symptoms associated with short-term flares and those caused by long-term build-up of damage to various parts of the body.
The first and most common symptoms of SJIA are recurrent bouts of fever with high daily temperature spikes, rashes, and painful joints. A flare of SJIA symptoms often causes:1,5,6,7
Children with SJIA are more likely to develop heart and lung problems, and any breathing or heart-related concerns should be raised with a doctor as soon as possible.1,5 SJIA can also interfere with normal bone growth and can lead to a limb being longer than the other or overall stunted growth.1
Possible symptoms of SJIA 5,6,7
SJIA has also been associated with serious health complications including macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and amyloidosis. MAS is a serious complication of rheumatic diseases (conditions that affect the joints) caused by activation and uncontrolled multiplication of an immune cell called macrophages. It occurs in about 5-8% of children with SJIA and it can lead to life-threatening systemic symptoms and internal organ failure.5,6,8 Amyloidosis is a condition in which there is an abnormal build-up of a protein called amyloid in the kidneys that can lead to kidney failure. Improved diagnostics and treatment options mean that kidney damage caused by amyloidosis occurs less frequently than in the past.5, 9
If the condition is poorly controlled, SJIA can cause painful and lasting damage to various parts of the body that can seriously affect quality of life. The earlier SJIA is recognized and treated, the better the outcome is likely to be.
As the ‘idiopathic’ in the name suggests, the cause of SJIA is unknown, but it has been suggested that certain children have a genetic disposition, which is then triggered by something in their environment such as an infection.1 New theories suggest there may be several factors working together that cause SJIA to develop. 10
SJIA occurs worldwide and affects boys and girls equally.6 In Europe it is estimated that each year less than one child per 100,000 develops SJIA.10 The number of all people who currently have SJIA is estimated to be between 5 and 15 people in every 100,000. 11, 12, 13
With SJIA, people with the condition typically experience flares of symptoms, with some having healthy periods between these flares. The course and severity of SJIA can be vastly different from person to person.3, 14, 15 As shown in the diagrams below, a person can experience a monocyclic disease course, in which they recover completely after a number of years. Others can experience recurrent episodes of disease with by periods of remission in-between. Finally, some people experience persistent symptoms.
Possible disease courses of SJIA 3, 14, 15
In most cases, children with symptoms associated with SJIA are referred to doctors called rheumatologists who specialize in skeletal and autoinflammatory diseases. Pediatric rheumatologists will be best placed to help diagnose SJIA based on their knowledge and experience.
A diagnosis of SJIA is made based on a child’s medical symptoms such as a high fever for at least two weeks, joint pain and inflammation for at least six weeks, and a comprehensive physical exam. There are no specific tests for SJIA, but imaging tests like X-rays or ultrasound are often used to detect joint, lung or heart inflammation and the doctor may take a small amount of blood for various laboratory tests that help support or rule out an SJIA diagnosis.1
Currently, there is no cure for SJIA, but there have been advances for treatments in recent years, making remission possible.1
The first treatment options for SJIA tend to be so called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that can reduce the pain, inflammation and stiffness. If necessary, more powerful corticosteroids (drugs that lower inflammation) or biologics (drugs that target and block inflammation causing substances in the body) may be prescribed.1Exercise is also an important part of any SJIA therapy, as it will help build muscle strength, increase energy and reduce pain.
It’s important to prepare for each medical appointment, as good communication with doctors and specialists ensures that you understand what your child’s diagnosis means and what treatment options are available.
Read more on how to prepare for a doctor’s appointment here.
For any child, having SJIA represents a huge burden with daily limitations. In addition to the physical impact, it can upset their emotional wellbeing and overall development.
It’s important that families offer extra support and that teachers are informed to help your child in day-to-day activities and their overall development. Find more information and advice on the day-to-day management of SJIA here or follow the inspiring stories of other children and their families here.
Find more information and support on SJIA and autoinflammatory diseases here.Hollanda’da geçen hafta Doorn ve Didam’da içme suyunda bakteri olabileceği uyarısı yapılmış, suyun kaynatılarak ve arıtılarak içilmesi istenmişti. Bu hafta da Zevenaar için içme suyunda bakteri uyarısı yapıldı ve içme suyunun arıtılmasının önemine dikkat çekildi.
Hollanda’da geçtiğimiz hafta içinde Utrecht yakınlarındaki Doorn ve Gelderland eyaletindeki Didam kasabasında içme suyunda bakteri uyarısından sonra bu kez de Gelderland eyaleti, Liemers bölgesindeki Zevenaar şehri sakinlerine uyarı yapıldı.
İçme suyu şirketi Vitens, Zevenaar-Zuid’da yapılan analizlerde enterokok bakterisine rastlandığını açıklayarak “6902, 6905, 6909, 6911, 6913, 6914, 6915, 6916 ve 6917 posta kodlu bölgelerdeki” evlere ve işletmelere suyu kaynatmadan kullanmama uyarısı yaptı.
Suyu kaynatma tavsiyesinin tedbir amaçlı olduğunu belirten şirket, suyun duş almak, banyo yapmak veya tuvalette kullanmak için bir sakınca bulunmadığını aktardı.
Önümüzdeki günlerde Didam, Zevenaar-Zuid ve çevresindeki bölgelerde “kirlenmenin kaynağını ve niteliğini belirleyebilmek ve gerekli tedbirleri alabilmek için” daha fazla ölçüm yapılacak. Her iki depo şu anda kullanılmıyor.
Vitens; Didam ve Zevenaar sakinlerine önümüzdeki günlerde suyu kaynatma tavsiyesinin ne kadar süreyle geçerli olacağı hakkında bilgi verileceğini belirtti.
Vitens aynı bakterinin üçüncü kez farklı bir bölgede tespit edilmesinin tamamen tesadüf olduğunu belirtiyor.
Kaynak: Sonhaber.euBasketbol Genç Hıristiyan Erkekler Derneği YMCA beden öğretmeni James Naismit’in ABD Massachusetts’te Springfield’de beyzbol takımına idman verirken şeftali sepetleri kullanmasından ötürü 1891’de doğdu.
- Basketbolun uluslararası federasyon kuruluşu 1932.
- Türkiye’de federasyon kuruluşu 1934,
- Uluslararası federasyona kabulü 1935.
Beşer kişilik takımlar halinde ilk okullar arası karşılaşma 1896’da oynandı. YMCA örgütü ve okullar aracılığı ile birkaç yılda Kanada, Fransa, İngiltere, Avüstralya, Çin ve Hindistan’a yayıldı. Altı açık fileler 1912’de, bugünkü top biçiminin ilk resmi kullanımı 1948’de oldu. 1940’lı yıllarda halen kurallar belirleniyordu.
Oysa basketbol daha 1904’de İstanbul’da Robert Kolej’de oynanmaya başlamıştı. Birçok spor dalının yaygınlaşmasında emeği bulunan Galatasaray beden eğitimi öğretmeni Ahmet Robenson 1911’de bir dergide bu spor hakkında okuduğu makale üzerine öğrencilerine oyunu oynatmış ancak öğrencilerin çoğu sakatlanmıştı. 1913’de Fenerbahçe Kulübü’nde basketbol oynanmaya başlamışsa da saha bulunamıyordu. 1919’da Fenerbahçe rakip bulamadığından faaliyetini durdurdu. 1920’de YMCA İstanbul şubesi basketbolu canlandırdı, 1921’de Darülmuallimin-i Aliye bahçesinde YMCA takımı ile Ahmet Robenson’un da yer aldığı Türk takımıyla ilk maç yapıldı. Bu maçtan sonra Galatasaray, Fenerbahçe, Nişantaşı, Kurtuluş, Beyoğlu, Barkhaba, Maccabi, Protkeba, Italyan Kartal, Beyoğlu takımlarının katıldığı İstanbul ligi 1927’de kuruldu.
I936’da ilk milli maç yapıldı. 1940’larda basketbol geriledi. 1946’da Türkiye Basketbol Şampiyonluğu başladı, 1950’de İstanbul’da düzenlenen uluslararası turnuva, 1959’da İstanbul’da yapılan Avrupa Şampiyonası bu spora ilgiyi artırdı. 1966’da deplasmanlı lig başladı. 1960’lı yıllarda basketbol takımları ilk uluslararası başarılarını elde ettiler ve özel kuruluşların gösterdiği ilgiyle 1970’lerden itibaren başarılar perçinlendi ve basketbol en sevilen ikinci spor seviyesine yükseldi.
Basketbol kuralları
• Basketbol müsabakaları iki hakem tarafından yönetilir. Misafir takım sahayı seçme hakkına sahiptir. Her devreden sonra saha değişimi yapılır.
• Oyun, orta saha çizgisinde her takımdan birer oyuncu arasında yapılan hava atışı ile başlar. Hava atışına çıkan oyuncular, topu tek elleri ile takım arkadaşlarına kazandırma hedefini taşır.
• Oyun, 10′ar dakikalık dört periyottan oluşur. Beraberlik durumunda uzatma periyodu oynanır. Her takım ilk üç periyotta ve uzatma periyodunda 2′şer dakikalık bir, dördüncü periyotta iki mola hakkına sahiptir. İkinci ile üçüncü periyot arasında 15 dakikalık devre arası verilir.
• Hücum eden takım, kendi sahasını 8 saniye içinde terk etmek, 24 saniye içinde de hücumunu tamamlamak zorundadır, aksi halde top kullanma hakkı rakip takıma geçer.
• Oyuncu topla birlikte, top sürme (dribbling), pas atma (passing), şut atma (shooting) aktivitelerini yapma şansına sahiptir. Bir oyuncu top sürerken, topu eline alarak durdurursa, tekrar top sürme şansına sahip değildir; topu istediği yöne ve kişiye pas ya da şut atmak zorundadır.
• Her takım 5 kişiden oluşur ve takımların sınırsız oyuncu değişikliği hakkı vardır. Eğer faul hakkını doldurmamışsa, her çıkan oyuncu tekrar oyuna dahil olabilir. Bir takımdaki beş oyuncudan biri ortada (post), ikisi savunma (guard) ve ikiside hücum (forward) oyuncusudur.
• Oyunu bir baş hakem ve yardımcı hakem olarak iki hakem yönetir.
• Her oyuncu beş faulle oyun dışında kalır, tekrar o maç için oyuna dahil olamaz. Her oyuncunun bireysel olarak yaptığı faul sayısının toplamı, takım faullerini de belirler. Toplamda dört takım faulüne ulaşan takımın daha sonra yaptığı her faul, karşı takıma serbest atış kullanma hakkı kazandırır.
• Hakem tarafından durdurulmadıkça, top potadan veya çemberden dönerse oyun devam eder. Ayrıca, oyuncu sahayı belirleyen çizgilerin dışına temas etmedikçe, top oyun çizgilerinin dışına değmeden havadan saha çizgisinin dışına çıksa dahi, oyuncu topu içeri çevirebilirse de oyun devam eder.
• Her sayı atışından sonra veya hakemin düdüğü çalmasının ardından, oyun ve oyun zamanı durur. Sayı yiyen takımın pota gerisindeki çizgi arkasından topu oyuna sokması ile hem zaman hem de oyun tekrar başlar. Oyun içindeki diğer durumlara göre, hakemin gösterdiği yerlerden, top oyuna sokulur.
• Üç sayı çizgisi içinden yapılan her başarılı atış iki sayı, üç sayı çizgisi gerisinden yapılan her başarılı atış üç sayı olarak değerlendirilir. Faullerden veya kural ihlallerinden dolayı kazanılan başarılı serbest atışlar bir sayı olarak değerlendirilir.
• Oyuncular iki durumda cezalandırılır: 1- Bireysel kural ihlalleri 2- Faul yapılan durumlar. Kural ihlali veya hatası (hatalı yürüme, topun çizgi dışına çıkması, hücum oyuncusunun üç saniyeden fazla post içinde durması v.b) top kullanma hakkını karşı takıma verir. Yapılan bireysel fauller ( itme, çekme, vurma, tutma v.b) ise oyuncunun faul cezası almasını sağladığı gibi faulün yapıldığı yer göz önünde bulundurularak, rakip topu yandan oyuna sokar, ya da serbest atış yapma hakkı kazanır.
Serbest atış hakkı adedi, faulun yapıldığı zaman, yer ve çeşidine göre değişir. Şut atışı sırasında faul yapılmış ve atış sayı olmamışsa, atışı yapan takıma iki serbest atış hakkı verilir. Eğer atış sayı olmuşsa, bir serbest atış hakkı verilir. Bir takım, bir devredeki “takım faul” sınırını geçmiş ve atış sahası dışında faul yapmışsa, o zaman bire-bir denen serbest atış hakkını kullanır. Bu atışta kural, ilk atış sayı olursa, ikinci atış yapma hakkı kazanmaktır. Bire-bir’de ilk atışı kaçıran ikinci atışı yapamaz, top potadan oyun alanına dönerse, oyun devam eder. Teknik faullerde (oyunu geciktirme, sportmenlik dışı davranışlar, hakeme itiraz, izinsiz oyuna girme v.b) iki serbest atış hakkı verilir.Research Station for Sustainable Aquaculture
At this land-based research station at Sunndalsøra with fresh water, seawater and recirculated water, we can carry out biological and technological experiments along the complete aquaculture value chain.
- Experiments in facilities with and without water recirculation, in fresh water, seawater and brackish water
- Testing of feed and raw materials
- Research into the determinants of robustness in farmed fish, using swimming tunnels and respiration chambers
- Radiography to investigate the development of deformities
- Storage and testing of genetic material
The research station lies in central Norway, at the heart of Norwegian salmon production. Diversity is the station’s forte – many tools for particular problems have been developed at the station during the past 40 years and more.
The station has research facilities for nutrition, formulated feeds, physiology, breeding, recirculation, radiography and metabolism studies. The station also has its own laboratory.
The principal activity is research in the following fields:
- Nutrition, feed and feeding
- Breeding and genetics
- New species
- Preventative health measures
- Production technology and the environment
The Nofima Centre for Recirculation in Aquaculture (NCRA) is also located at the research station. This centre was built in 2010 and is suitable for testing technology and studying farmed fish in the aquaculture systems of the future.
Research is currently carried out in six halls with a total floor area of 6,500 m2. The centre has 22 biocontainment departments with just over 1,000 tanks, and 600 hatcheries of various sizes. The main areas of research at the station concentrate on salmon, and it has licences to work also with cod, wrasse and lumpfish. The water temperature is controlled with heat pumps and district heating.
The research station was built in 1971, and was the first aquaculture research station in Norway. Today, approximately 40 Nofima employees work there.At 4 a.m. on a cold winter morning, men and women, black and white, all gathered together for one unsegregated purpose; shucking the oysters of the Chesapeake Bay. This may have been almost a century ago, but the inspirational gospel songs sung by these people still echo through the McNasby Oyster packing plant; now known to the public as the Annapolis Maritime Museum.
Founded in 1986, the museum’s staff and volunteers work tirelessly to ensure that the community and its visitors of all ages are educated in the history of Annapolis’ maritime heritage as well as the ecology of the Chesapeake Bay.
“This is not your typical ‘Smithsonian’ type of museum, its focus is very programmatic,” said Jeff Holland, executive director, as he discussed the limited space of the building. “Our programs here are a vibrant focal point for community engagement.”
Those who simply know Annapolis for its sailing and shopping
will truly be enlightened as they experience the variety of interactive exhibits featured inside, as well as outside off of the pier. The current exhibit, Oysters on the Half Shell, showcases the importance of the oysters, the industry and the hardworking people who made the booming business possible. Sadly, the industry has slowed down significantly over time.
The docks that sit behind the museum were once a prosperous and profitable market place. In the 60s and 70s, McNasby’s son William Jr. (who eventually took over the company) would tally the bushels of oysters being brought in. At that
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尖嘴薄舌”等。
轻微，少：～礼。～产。～命。～寒。～酬。菲～。
不庄重，不厚道：～夫。～幸(负心)。～情。轻～。刻～。
轻视：鄙～。厚今～古。
不充实，不坚强：～弱。
迫近：～近。～暮(傍晚)。日～西山。
古同“箔”，帘子。
姓。
薄 [bò]
[薄荷]，多年生草本植物。茎和叶有清凉香味，可入药。
释义：原指作战把军队布置在无法退却、只有战死的境地，兵士就会奋勇前进，杀敌取胜。后比喻事先断绝退路，就能下决心，取得成功。
出处：出自先秦孙武的《孙子·九地》。
原句：孙子云：置之死地而后生。若魏兵绝我汲水之道，蜀兵岂不死战？以一可当百也。
释义：孙子说：把部队置于不能退缩的境地。如果魏兵断掉汲水的道路，那么蜀兵岂不是要拼尽全力死战？这样一来士兵就可以以一挡百了。
扩展资料：
“置之死地而后生”典故：
韩信作为汉代第一功臣，为大汉王朝立下了汗马功劳。在“汉赵之战”是韩信作为主帅取得的一场以弱胜强的经典战役，这一仗打得是非常之精彩。打完仗以后，所有的部下都到韩信的军帐中来，对韩信表示祝贺，兵法上是这么教我们的，“右倍（背）山陵，左前水泽”，什么意思呢？
就是安营扎寨、行军布阵，我们的后面应该是山，这样我们就没有后顾之忧了，毕竟敌人要从后面的山上翻过来偷袭我们是很困难的，阵前应该是水，毕竟敌人要过水来打我们也是很困难的，一般像这样安排的营寨才是安全的。可是元帅您恰恰完全相反，哎呀，我等左思右想还是不得其解。
韩信听了这些疑问，就笑着说，其实这个道理兵书上也说了，可惜各位平时没有留意。兵书上怎么说的呢？“置于死地而后生，置于亡地而后存”，像我们这种以弱胜强、以少胜多的战斗，一定要把我方置于死地才有战斗力。
何况诸位想想，我们这支军队是一支什么样的军队？不过散兵游勇、乌合之众，都是没有经过训练的，是临时纠集起来的，这叫做“驱市人以战”，等于是在街上临时吆喝一帮人，也没有经过军训就让他们去打仗了，这样他能打仗吗？
惟一的办法就是让他们置于死地，让他们每个人都感到处在生命的险境，然后必然殊死作战，为自己的生命而作战。
后人读到韩信汉赵之战，常常断章取义的理解“置于死地而后生”，我死都不怕，还有什么可怕的，我就拼了。人其实是对生有着无限的眷恋，才会渴望生，惧怕死。置于死地是把人放在唯有生才是希望的境地，唯有不顾一切的为生而努力。
虽然人人知道生命有限，可真到自己身上岁月就变成无限了，唯有置于死地的时候才激发对生的强烈欲求，才能体会生的价值与美好，才会感叹岁月的无情，来珍惜生的恩情。
韩信，他敢于“置于死地而后生”，背水列阵，以汉军三万破赵代二十万众，收赵地，追斩赵代二主，那是因为他胸中已经有了取胜之道，韩信把士兵对生的渴望激发出来了，每一个士兵是为自己的生而在战场上拼杀着。如果韩信胸中没有取胜之道，而把士兵逼上死路一条，那历史就是另一番情景了。
胸有成竹的韩信早有两点认知，其一，就是韩信已经料敌在先，认为当时拦截他三万汉军的赵代大军人多势众，对汉军必主“轻”将“骄”。“轻”必“贪”，必会盲动盲出贪一劳永逸之功。而后来战局，果如韩信所料。
其二，就是韩信从没有指望过，也知道不可能有刘邦或者其他汉军方面的支援，他的“置于死地而后生”中最高超也是最大胆的赌注是下在自己而不是任何盟军的身上。这个说穿了就是那两千汉营里仅有的轻骑兵，他们肩负趁赵代联军蜂拥而出之后闯营拔旗，虚张声势，为最后扰乱敌军军心，不战自溃的重任。
“置于死地而后生”绝非只是大义凛然的勇气，也不只是单凭对生活得一腔热情，它是一种生的智慧，它是一种自我的救赎，明白自我所处的位置，并对自我有种坚定的信念，懂得在救赎的过程中需要忍耐，需要恒久的毅力。
今天的内容先分享到这里了，读完本文《「置之死地而后生的意思」置之死地而后生的意思下一句》之后，是否是您想找的答案呢？想要了解更多内容，敬请关注https://www.fnwsjds.com/post/744886.html,您的关注是给小编最大的鼓励。the equation y = mx + b as defining a linear function, whose graph is a
straight line; give examples of functions that are not linear.
a function to model a linear relationship between two quantities.
Determine the rate of change and initial value of the function from a
description of a relationship or from two (x, y) values, including
reading these from a table or from a graph. Interpret the rate of change
and initial value of a linear function in terms of the situation it
models, and in terms of its graph or a table of values.
Institutions have accepted or given pre-approval for credit transfer.
* The American Council on Education's College Credit Recommendation Service (ACE Credit®) has evaluated and recommended college credit for 25 of Sophia’s online courses. Many different colleges and universities consider ACE CREDIT recommendations in determining the applicability to their course and degree programs.Çin, 6 ve 7 yaşındaki çocuklara yazılı sınav uygulamasının yasaklandığını açıkladı. 18 yaşından küçük çocukların online oyun oynama süreleri de Cuma günü, hafta sonu ve tatillerde bir saatle sınırlandırıldı.
Rekabetin yüksek olduğu Çin'de eğitim sisteminde öğrenciler ve veliler üzerindeki baskılarına atılan adımla hafifletilmesi amaçlanıyor.
Çin'de öğrenciler ilkokul birinci sınıftan başlayıp 18 yaşında üniversiteye giriş sınavına kadar birçok sınava tabi tutuluyordu.
Eğitim Bakanlığı, sınav baskısının öğrencilerin "fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığına" zarar verdiğini söyledi.
Bakanlıktan yapılan açıklamada, "Sınavlar okul eğitiminin önemli bir parçası ama bazı okullar aşırıya kaçarak öğrenciler üzerinde fazladan yük oluşturuyor… bunun düzeltilmesi gerekiyor" denildi.
Okulların her dönem yapacağı sınav sayısı da yeni kurallara göre sınırlanıyor.
Eğitim Bakanlığı, ilkokul 1. ve 2. sınıf öğrencilerine yazılı sınav yapılmayacağını, diğer sınıflara ise her dönem bir bitirme sınavı uygulanabileceğini belirtiyor. Ortaokul öğrencileri dönem aralarında da sınava tabi tutulabilecek. Ancak ilkokullar arası veya bölgeler arası sınavlara izin verilmiyor.
Ortaokul son sınıf öğrencileri dışındakilere haftalık veya aylık testlere, ünite sınavları gibi ek sınavlara, akademik araştırma adı altında yapılan sınavlara da izin verilmeyecek.
Çin sosyal medya platformu Wiobo'da yeni kurallara yönelik karışık tepkiler dile getirildi. Bazıları çocuklar üzerindeki baskıların azalması yönünde atılmış doğru bir adım olarak değerlendirirken, bazıları da okulların sınav olmadan yetenekleri nasıl ölçeceğini sorgulayan paylaşımlarda bulundu.
Eğitimde reformlar
Çin'de bir süredir eğitim sisteminde reformlar yapılıyor.
Temmuz'da alınan bir kararla, online ders veren özel şirketlerin temel derslerde eğitimden kar etmelerinin önüne geçildi. Çin'de özel ders sektörünün yıllık cirosu 120 milyar dolar tutarındaydı.
Eğitime yapılan yabancı yatırımlar da sınırlandırıldı.
Bu adımlar, ülkede doğum oranlarının en düşük seviyeye indiği bir dönemde, çocuk yetiştirme masraflarının azaltılması çabası olarak görüldü.
Ülkede eğitim eşitsizliği de önemli bir sorun. Zengin aileler çocuklarını en iyi okullara göndermek için büyük paralar harcıyor.
İyi okulların olduğu bölgelerdeki konut fiyatları da sürekli tırmanıyor.
Fransız haber ajansı AFP'ye göre, Eğitim Bakanlığı bu yıl birinci sınıflara ev ödevi verilmesini de yasakladı; ortaokul öğrencilerinin ödev süresini de 1,5 saatle sınırladı.
- Çin'de çiftler 3 çocuk sahibi olabilecek
- Çin'de bir kimlik hırsızlığı vakası, büyük bir sınav skandalını açığa çıkardı
- Çin'de 5 yaşındaki çocuk için hazırlanan özgeçmiş, ülkenin eğitim sistemini tartışmaya açtı
- Eğitimde dünya birincisi Singapur'un sırrı ne?
Çocukların online video oyunları süresi sınırlandırılıyor
Online video oyunlarıyla ilgili Pazartesi günü yapılan başka bir açıklamaya göre ise çocukların oyun süresi belirli günlerde bir saatle sınırlandırıldı.
Ulusal Basın Yayın Kurumu'nun yayımladığı yeni düzenlemelere göre, 18 yaşından küçük çocukların internet oyunları da Cuma günü, hafta sonu ve tatillerde bir saatle kısıtlandı.
Çin'in resmi ajansı Şinhua, çocukların bu günler akşam 20.00-21.00 saatleri arasında online oyun oynayabileceğini bildirdi.
Yetkililer, internet oyunlarının çocuklarda bağımlılığa yol açmasıyla ilgili artan kaygılar nedeniyle bu düzenlemenin yapıldığını belirtiyor.
Daha önce çocuklara günde 1,5 saat online oyun izni veriliyordu.
Yetkililer, oyun oynayanların gerçek adlarıyla sisteme girmelerini sağlayarak kontrol etmeyi amaçlıyor; ancak bunun nasıl denetleneceğine dair ayrıntılı bilgi verilmediği belirtiliyor.Gaz Sıkışması ve Şişkinlik Belirtileri ile Tedavisi
Normalde 20-80 mi hava içeren mide fundusunun, yutulan fazla gazla gerilmesiyle oluşan Magenblase sendromunun öldürücü bir şekli, genellikle karın ameliyatlarından sonra oluşan mide genişlemesinde, pankreas ve safra salgılarının mide suyu ile asitleştirilmesi sonucu %30 dolayında karbondioksit oluştuğu görülmüştür. İnce-bağırsaktaki fazla gaz "barborigmus"a (gurultu) neden olarak karın gerilmesi oluşturabilir. Kalınbağırsağın karaciğer ve dalak büklümünde ifleksürasında) fazla gaz birikmesiyle oluşan, nadiren tıkanma hissi, nefes darlığı ve çırpıntının görülebildiği "dalak büklümü sendromu" genellikle yemek sonrası başlar ve heyecansal bozukluk, kabızlık ve fazla gaz oluşumu ile belirgin hale gelir.
Gazlı Şişkinliklerin Tedavisi
Bütün hava yutanlar ve birincil sindirimsel meteorizmli hastaların bitkisel sinir sistemleri bozuktur. Bunlar barbitürikli sakinleştiricilerden, dinlendiricilerden yararlanırlar. Bu yatıştırıcıların gaz üzerine doğrudan etkisi yoktur; fakat gazlan daha katlanılabilir hale getirirler, sıkıntı ve kalbe ait tepkileri azaltırlar.
Yavaş yeme, ihtimamlı çiğneme, ne çok soğuk ve ne de çok sıcak şeyler içmeme gibi uyarıların ancak ruhsal tedavi edici olmaktan başka büyük bir değeri yoktur. Alkol ve sigara yasak edilebilir! Gazlı içkilere izin verilmez. Çok yiyenlerde kalori miktarını düşürmelidir.
Gazların itrahı hususunda büyük bir olanağa sahip değiliz. Buna rağmen kabızlık çekenlerde yumuşatıcılarla bağırsak geçişi hızlandırılabilir.
Gazların emilmesini kolaylaştırmak için bağırsak cidarının durumunu düzeltmek gerekir. Burada temel ilaçlar bağırsak yerelleri ve mikropsuzlaştırı-cılardır. Yerellerin en iyisi Bizmut'tur. Bizmut'un bağırsak cidarından geçmeyen büyük moleküllü, sulfamidli ve iyotlu türevleri kullanılmalıdır.
Aşırı gaz çıkarma
Sindirim kanalının kapsamını değiştirmek için etraflı bir diyet öyküsü edinmeli, kokuşma (putrefaksiyon) halinde protidler, mayalanma halinde ise ni-şastalılar azaltılmalıdır. Örneğin, lahana ve kuru fasulye gibi selülozlu gıdaları kaldırmalı, çok yemek yiyenlerde kalori miktarını azaltmalıdır. Sentetik yüksek karbonhidratlı sıvı diyet (VİVİSORB) gazı azaltır.
Antibiyotikler bağırsak biteyini değiştirip gaz nedeni olabildikleri gibi bağırsak gazlarını da azaltabilirler. Neomycine'mn bu konuda etkisiz olduğu saptanmıştır. Özel stafilokok antibiotikleri (dirikıranları) tetrasiklin bakteri mayalanma sürecine, dolayısıyla gaz üzerine etkilidir.
Pepsin, safra, papain, pankreas, bağırsak fermentleri gibi sindirim fermentleri her zaman olumlu sonuç vermez. Yüze tutunan ajanların (mangal kömürü, kaolin, pektin gibi) ve köpük giderici etkisi olan dimetilpolisiloksan gibi silikonların gazların hacmi ve bileşimi üzerine etkisi olmadığı saptanmıştır. Klorofilin de gaz üzerine etkili olduğu ve dışkı kokusunu azalttığı söylen-mişse de kanıtlanamamıştır.
Bağırsak gazlarının geçişini kolaylaştırmak için bitkisel sinirlere etkili ilaçlar kullanılmış, ancak farklı sonuçlar alınmıştır. Kasılmaları çözen vagolitikler veya bilakis sindirim kaslarının kasılmasını arttıran, örneğin prostigmin gibi vagomimetikler de kullanılmıştır. Beyinde bitkisel sinir merkezleri üzerine etki ederek, salgıya etki etmeksizin, mide-bağırsak hareketlerini arttıran "metaclopramide" meteorizmada iyi sonuçlar vermiştir.
Organik nedenlere bağlı patolojik gazlılık, kendi özel koşulları içerisinde tedavi edilmelidir.
Gaz Sıkışması ve Şişkinlik Belirtileri ile Tedavisi
Gazların Devri
Gazların midedeki emilimi, diğer sindirim katlarına nazaran daha azdır. İncebağır-sakta ise, mideden gelen veya insitu (doğal ortamı içinde) teşekkül etmiş olan oksijen, hidrojen, karbondioksit mukoza kapillerlerinden çok çabuk emilebilirler. Karaciğere kapı toplar damarı ile taşınan gazların bir kısmı, burada biyokimyasal değişikliklere uğrar; diğer bir kısmı karaciğer toplar damarı ile sağ kalp ve akciğere gider. Buna karşın, olağan koşullarda incebağırsakta bulunan az miktarda gazın, atmosferden gelen azot gazından ibaret olduğu kabul edilirse, azotun diğerlerine nazaran çok daha güç emildiği anlaşılır (kan ve alveol havasmdaki azot, çevre hava-sındaki miktarına nispetle, doymuş durumdadır). En fazla gaz oluşumu ve emilimi sağ kalınbağırsak, körbağırsak ve ileumun'un son kısmında oluşur.
Sindirim kanalının herhangi bir kısmında gerim (tönüs) azalması nedeniyle, bu hizada gazların kısmi basıncının azalmasına bağlı olarak (zira gazlar genişler) gazlar, kandan bağırsak boşluğuna doğru geçebileceği gibi [54] genelde gaz devri, ancak bağırsak-kan yönünde olur.
Hidrojen, metan ve az miktarda bulunan diğer gazlar, bağırsak zarının her iki tarafındaki kısmi basıncın çok farklı olması nedeniyle, devamlı ve çok çabuk olarak ortamdan yok edildiklerinden normal durumda kanda bulunmazlar.
Karbondioksit, bağırsağı diğer gazlardan daha hızlı terk eder; nedeni, emilme katsayısının yüksek olması (37° C de karbondioksit suda, oksijenden 20 kez daha çok erir) yanında, karbonik anhidraz enziminin de rolü vardır. Özellikle bağırsak yapısının pH'sı düşük olduğunda, artan bikarbonat yoğunluğu ile beraber, karbondioksit kısmi basıncı da yükselir. 60 ml/lt'den yüksek olan bikarbonat yoğunluklarında, karbondioksit kısmi basıncının yüksek olması, pH'yı 8'den aşağıda tutmaya yardım eder. Böylece karbondioksit üretiminin, bağırsak içeriğinin önemli bir tampon elemanı olduğu anlaşılmaktadırAsthma is a chronic
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dei tessuti vertebrali adiacenti.
Quando viene eseguita la chirurgia endoscopica per rimuovere un'ernia della colonna vertebrale, la conseguenza stessa di una lesione operativa è ridotta al minimo. Allo stesso tempo, il contatto tra lo spazio tra la formazione solida nella membrana delle cellule del midollo spinale e il periostio della colonna vertebrale, che contiene le connessioni tissutali del plesso venoso, è completamente escluso.
Non ci sono cicatrici e dolori postoperatori indesiderati. Il metodo di accesso utilizzato elimina i danni ai muscoli segmentari lunghi e corti della parte dorsale del corpo. Resezione ossea non osservata, che contribuisce alla stabilità dell'area operata.
Esteticamente, l'effetto alla fine dell'operazione è di gran lunga superiore a qualsiasi altra incisione chirurgica tradizionale dopo le procedure terapeutiche.
Per un corretto passaggio, viene eseguito il monitoraggio radiologico delle posizioni degli strumenti chirurgici in ogni fase della formazione intervertebrale. E la correttezza dei movimenti di manipolazione è tracciata dall'endoscopio.
Caratteristiche dell'intervento chirurgico per la rimozione dell'ernia spinale endoscopica
Endoscopia - una visualizzazione tecnica e la tecnica chirurgica che si basa sull'introduzione nel corpo umano per finalità terapeutiche o diagnostiche strumenti ottici speciali, attrezzature elettroniche e meccaniche.
La storia di insorgenza di endoscopia proviene più dal 1806, quando lo scienziato tedesco, e il dottor Philip Bozzini prima presentati al pubblico un tubo prototipo endoscopica primitiva. E 'naturale che nel corso degli anni questo prototipo molteplice e varia perfezionato in base allo sviluppo del progresso scientifico e tecnologico e le tendenze moderne nel campo della medicina. Il culmine del suo sviluppo è uno strumento complesso con una vasta gamma di caratteristiche e soluzioni tecnologiche utilizzate in ospedali moderni per la rimozione endoscopica di ernia del disco.
Chirurgia per rimozione di ernia spinale endoscopica
Chirurgia endoscopica: cos'è?
Al momento, l'essenza di procedure chirurgiche endoscopiche per minimizzare il volume secondo la chirurgia principi e traumi, eseguire operatsiiyu possibile cura per il paziente, pur mantenendo la necessaria radicale e il volume di questa manipolazione.
I vantaggi dell'endoscopia includono:
- accesso chirurgico minimo (fino a 1,5 cm);
- riduzione significativa del trauma ai tessuti circostanti;
- riduzione della perdita di sangue intraoperatoria e la durata effettiva dell'intervento;
- migliorare la qualità dell'operazione (ridurre i rischi e la percentuale di complicanze);
- una diminuzione dell'intensità del dolore postoperatorio;
- aumento dei tassi di riabilitazione dopo l'intervento chirurgico.
Quindi, una moderna tecnica di endoscopia minimamente invasiva viene utilizzata per il trattamento dei dischi erniati. L'operazione viene eseguita con vari metodi, ma uno dei più comuni è la sequestrectomia transforaminale.
Spiegare rimozione terminologia vertebrale ernia del prodotto attraverso il foro attraverso il quale si trovano le radici spinali cavo nervose. Sotto il controllo del convertitore elettro-ottico (EOC) viene introdotta nel canale ago, allora è sul tubo guida dell'endoscopio è inserito, attraverso il quale una parte del disco viene rimosso per la dekompresssii scopo e sequestro, comprimendo la colonna vertebrale e causare dolore neuropatico. In futuro, il disco intervertebrale adempie adeguatamente la sua funzione e l'ammortamento grazie all'eliminazione di sequestro scompare sindrome neurologica radicolare, segnata dal dolore che si irradia acuto.
Indicazioni e controindicazioni al metodo
La tecnica chirurgica trasformativa di rimozione endoscopica di ernia intervertebrale è mostrata in:
- ernia forale o posteriore-laterale sequestrata;
- Sindrome neurologica radicolare (radicolare) sotto forma di grave dolore radiante;
- l'inefficacia del trattamento conservativo a lungo termine.
Tuttavia, non bisogna dimenticare le controindicazioni, quando l'uso di questa operazione non è possibile:
- otturazione (stenosi) del canale spinale;
- ernia mediana (media) del disco intervertebrale;
- la presenza di un processo di infezione generalizzato o locale;
- la presenza di cancro (tumore).
La procedura di trattamento e riabilitazione
Il paziente va alla clinica, è ambulatoriale esaminati con analisi generali, la risonanza magnetica, la consultazione anestesista. Dopo l'operazione, in assenza di complicazioni in condizioni soddisfacenti, il paziente viene dimesso al trattamento ambulatoriale in 2-3 giorni.
Tra gli scopi medicinali - reception antiedematosa, antimicrobici 5 giorni, non steroidei anti-infiammatori in pastiglie a 10 giorni. Le principali raccomandazioni per il periodo di riabilitazione precoce posleoperatsiionnomu include:
- 1 mese esclude la fisioterapia, tranne che per la terapia magnetica e laser;
- 1 mese di indossare un corsetto semi-rigido con il divieto di flessione-estensione del corpo alle ampiezze estreme;
- 1 mese vietato qualsiasi attività fisica (duro lavoro, piscina, sport, ecc.);
- la normale attività fisica non è limitata - passeggiate, affari interni, lavoro sedentario, guida corta.
Si deve notare che non osservanza delle suddette raccomandazioni sul periodo di riabilitazione riduce significativamente l'efficacia della minimamente invasiva, e talvolta aggrava sintomi precedenti.
Sebbene il paziente si senta sollevato quasi immediatamente, per una valutazione completa degli effetti del trattamento, attende due mesi dopo l'operazione. A questo punto, la pressione intradiscale si normalizza al livello del segmento problematico e il restauro dell'anello fibroso è completato.
Possibili complicanze postoperatorie
Tra le complicazioni che l'intervento chirurgico dell'ernia intervertebrale endoscopica può causare sono:
- ricaduta nel periodo remoto (ricorrenza della stessa patologia nella stessa localizzazione);
- ematoma nel sito di intervento (non richiede trattamento aggiuntivo, ma è irto di dolore per diverse settimane);
- infezione (rara);
- traumatizzare la terminazione nervosa o la dura madre (correlata all'errore del chirurgo piuttosto che alla complicazione);
- epidurit (infiammazioni asettiche zona di sviluppo e di sostituzione proliferativa molli duri fibrosi variazione tessuto connettivo proprietà collagene parallele formanti cicatrice fibrotica, che porta ad una maggiore densità e minore flessibilità) cicatriziali-commissural;
- instabilità dei segmenti nell'area operata (a causa di una parziale, seppur minima, resezione del disco);
- stenosi degenerativa del canale spinale (innescata da trauma intraoperatorio);
Si trova un po 'a parte la cosiddetta "sindrome da intervento chirurgico alla schiena" - la frequenza o la natura a lungo termine del dolore, o gli arti, rinnovata dopo un intervento chirurgico di successo anatomico della colonna vertebrale. Tra i suoi motivi:
- distruzione interna del disco;
- cisti sinoviale;
- spondilolistesi (una malattia manifestata nello spostamento della vertebra in avanti o all'indietro rispetto ad altri);
- pseudomeningocele (separazione della colonna vertebrale dal midollo spinale con versamento isolato e accumulo di liquido cerebrospinale in questo luogo);
- claudicatio intermittente (parestesie alle gambe, che si verificano periodicamente quando si cammina e si costringe a fermarsi);
- pseudoartrosi (a volte si può trovare il nome "neoartrosi" - una falsa articolazione che si forma in un luogo insolito);
- radicolopatia (il secondo nome è radicolite, che denota un termine abbastanza comune per la combinazione di sintomi caratteristici di una radice del midollo spinale infiammata o schiacciata);
- sindrome delle faccette (dolore associato con l'artrosi dell'articolazione, che si irradia lungo i nervi, lasciando la zona del problema articolare intervertebrale;
- aracnoidite (infiammazione sierosa della membrana aracnoidea del midollo spinale).
Tuttavia, nonostante un elenco così impressionante di possibili complicazioni, l'umanità non è in grado di abbandonare l'intervento artroscopico minimamente invasivo operativo per i dischi intervertebrali erniati per due motivi. Poiché la percentuale delle suddette complicanze è piccola e nella maggior parte dei casi possono essere affrontate in modo efficace; per molti pazienti, una tale operazione è l'unica alternativa per sbarazzarsi dei dolori che continuamente li accompagnano.
Rimozione di ernia intervertebrale, descrizione completa
Ogni anno una patologia sgradevole come l'ernia intervertebrale sta guadagnando dinamicamente slancio. Il suo aspetto nella maggior parte dei casi si verifica sulla base dell'osteocondrosi trascurata. L'osteocondrosi in un certo segmento della colonna vertebrale in vari gradi di gravità è presente nel 90% della popolazione della Federazione Russa, tra cui c'è un contingente molto giovane di persone.
Per quanto riguarda la sua pericolosa complicazione, vale a dire l'ernia intervertebrale, secondo un recente esperimento, la cui essenza era esaminare la colonna vertebrale in 100 persone a caso, 30 di loro avevano ernia del disco in forma lieve e moderata. Inoltre, quasi tutti i soggetti non sospettavano tale svolta degli eventi, sebbene non negassero di conoscere i segni dolorosi alla schiena o al collo. In Russia, quasi un terzo della popolazione ha un'ernia intervertebrale.
Che malattia sembra.
Lo scopo della rimozione di ernia intervertebrale e cliniche leader
Secondo le osservazioni cliniche, su tutti i pazienti registrati, il 20% ha bisogno di un intervento chirurgico d'urgenza, principalmente su ernie intervertebrali lombari, meno comunemente ernie cervicali. Nelle immagini e nei video è possibile ottenere buone informazioni visive sulle caratteristiche specifiche della patologia e le misure operative per combatterlo. Ti consigliamo di familiarizzare con tutti i materiali visivi.
Cosa dà l'operazione?
La malattia complicata, quando viene rivelata la compressione delle radici nervose e del midollo spinale, oltre alla separazione dall'ernia del sequestro, è un'incredibile minaccia per l'uomo. La patologia, a seconda della localizzazione, può portare alla paralisi degli arti inferiori o superiori, provocare un ictus precoce e causare gravi disfunzioni degli organi pelvici, espresse come minzione e defecazione incontrollate.
Sintomi di miglioramento:
- allevia da insopportabili dolori locali e sindromi dolorose, che si irradiano in diverse parti del corpo;
- eliminare l'atrofia muscolare delle gambe e delle braccia;
- riprendere il potenziale locomotore dell'arto colpito;
- normalizzare l'innervazione degli organi pelvici;
- ripristinare il lavoro dell'importanza fondamentale del sistema nervoso centrale (midollo spinale e cervello);
- correggere l'andatura, la postura, la mobilità e la stabilità della colonna vertebrale.
La pressione esercitata sulle fibre nervose porta a conseguenze spiacevoli.
Grazie all'introduzione di innovative tecnologie neurochirurgiche, oggi le ernie lombari e cervicali vengono rimosse con metodi minimamente invasivi, garantendo un trattamento accurato dei tessuti molli e delle strutture vertebrali nervose, riducendo al minimo i rischi intra e postoperatori, recupero rapido. Tipi di operazioni prospettiche:
- ectomia ernia endoscopica;
- microdiscectomia;
- vaporizzazione laser (adatta solo per dimensioni di protrusione ridotte).
Le migliori cliniche della Federazione Russa
Evidenziamo alcune buone istituzioni mediche all'interno della Federazione Russa che si specializzano bene nella neurochirurgia minimamente invasiva per il trattamento dell'ernia vertebrale.
- A Ekaterinburg, la rimozione dell'ernia intervertebrale utilizzando varie tecnologie moderne può essere eseguita presso il Neurosurgical Vertebrology Center presso la GB No. 41.
- Istituzioni neurochirurgiche. Anche Babichenko e Razumovsky, che si trovano a Saratov, meritano attenzione. Per l'endoscopia, ad esempio, viene utilizzato il sistema tedesco avanzato TESSYS, che è un grande vantaggio. Offre funzionalità di visualizzazione più ampie e tecnologie migliori per la creazione di mini-accessi ottimamente vantaggiosi rispetto alle operazioni di microscopia. Con le sconfitte di l5 s1 questo è particolarmente vero. Grazie a questa tecnica, è possibile bypassare ostacoli anatomici e rimuovere sequesters altamente migrati.
- Il Medeor MC di Chelyabinsk ha ottenuto una buona reputazione. La clinica offre la rimozione di un'ernia di alta qualità a qualsiasi livello della colonna vertebrale utilizzando i sistemi endoscopici transforaminali della gamma Joimax (produttore Germania), come TESSYS e СESSYS. La chirurgia viene eseguita dal primario, traumatologo ortopedico, Dr. med. Scienze Astapenkov DS
- L'Ospedale Clinico Distrettuale di Khanty-Mansiysk è stato premiato con un posto d'onore in cui i pazienti con protrusioni ed ernie di dischi intervertebrali sono trattati secondo i moderni formati. L'ospedale è sottoposto a ricostruzione laser e vaporizzazione, plasma plastico a freddo, protesi di impianti di stabilizzazione dinamica, decompressione meccanica, microchirurgia di ernie sequestrate attraverso l'assistenza endoscopica.
In Russia, i metodi a basso impatto hanno iniziato a essere controllati e applicati di recente. Di conseguenza, il numero di operazioni non riuscite è 2-3 volte di più.
Il modo più traumatico per rimuovere un'ernia.
Per rimuovere un'ernia usando un microscopio, hanno iniziato all'estero dall'inizio degli anni '70, ma a metà degli anni '90 abbiamo iniziato. Fino a quel momento, avevamo ancora la tecnica radicale più aggressiva, con i più alti rischi di complicazioni e fallimenti, discectomia aperta. Questo esempio è abbastanza per capire fino a che punto il livello di sviluppo interno della neurochirurgia è in ritardo rispetto a quello straniero.
Nella Repubblica ceca, in Israele e in Germania, la discectomia endoscopica utilizzando il sistema TESSYS in circa il 95% dei casi e più dà risultati eccellenti, mentre in Russia è solo dell'85-90%. Per un neurochirurgo è necessario superare più di un anno di tirocini e tirocini nei migliori centri di neurochirurgia del mondo e per molti anni sono stati eseguiti una dozzina di tali interventi ogni giorno. Nella Federazione Russa, con nostro profondo rammarico, non tutti i chirurghi della colonna vertebrale, naturalmente, senza eccezioni, possono essere definiti professionisti.
Trattamento di ernia intervertebrale all'estero
Il paese di maggior successo, il leader in ortopedia e chirurgia spinale oggi, tuttavia, come 5, 10, 15 anni fa, è la Repubblica ceca. Artusmed, specializzato in chirurgia spinale minimamente invasiva, endoprotesi dei dischi vertebrali e delle articolazioni, ha conquistato un'alta fiducia tra i nostri pazienti e un enorme riconoscimento. Gli specialisti lavorano qui con una lettera maiuscola, che esegue qualsiasi manipolazione chirurgica con la precisione del gioielliere.
Nella Repubblica ceca, i prezzi per la rimozione dell'ernia, insieme alla diagnostica e alla riabilitazione, sono 2-2,5 volte più bassi che in Germania o in Israele per una sola procedura di ectomia. Dopo aver applicato le procedure nelle cliniche ceche, è sempre accettato di impegnarsi pienamente nel recupero dei pazienti, che è molto raro per i paesi più popolari. E senza un adeguato corso di riabilitazione per operare la colonna vertebrale non ha senso.
La riabilitazione postoperatoria completa, corrispondente al tipo e alla complessità della seduta chirurgica, alle caratteristiche individuali del corpo umano, è un requisito obbligatorio per ciascun programma di trattamento ed è sempre inclusa nel prezzo del pacchetto medico.
Chirurgia di ernia intervertebrale nella zona lombare e del collo: quando è necessario?
La sconfitta del disco lombare si verifica nell'80% dei casi. Ciò è dovuto al fatto che la parte inferiore della colonna vertebrale è la parte più caricata e mobile. Gli interventi chirurgici per l'ernia lombare intervertebrale, rispettivamente, prevalgono. Sono nominati in presenza dei seguenti problemi.
- Gravi deviazioni nel lavoro degli organi pelvici, causate dalla compressione dei processi nervosi della cauda equina. Tale forma complicata della malattia è caratterizzata da gravi cambiamenti nel lavoro del tratto urinario e del tratto rettale, vale a dire, lo scarico involontario di urina o feci. Gli uomini hanno problemi con l'erezione.
- Estrema debolezza dei muscoli di una gamba (monoparete inferiore), avvenuta a seguito di una violazione della loro connessione con il sistema nervoso. Le funzioni di flessione / estensione e capacità di supporto del piede soffrono principalmente.
- Ernia sequestrata, in cui c'era una separazione della massa patologica del nucleo pulpare dal disco. La parte recisa della cartilagine cade nello spazio epidurale, che è una grande minaccia. Un frammento di cartilagine libera può bloccare l'afflusso di sangue al midollo spinale e, di conseguenza, si verificherà una paralisi delle gambe.
- L'inefficacia della terapia conservativa per 3 mesi. Se, nonostante la terapia medica, la fisioterapia e l'esercizio fisico, il decorso del trattamento è passato, la malattia continua ostinatamente a tormentare dolori lancinanti locali e radianti (nella parte bassa della sch
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”, precisa il giornalista (il tribunale ha ritenuto che lo stato del Texas non avesse la capacità di sporgere denuncia).
Steve Inscape chiede a Donald Trump se i candidati repubblicani a metà mandato devono sostenere le sue accuse di frode per ricevere il suo sostegno quest’anno. La risposta: “Fanno quello che vogliono. L’unico modo per assicurarsi che ciò non accada di nuovo è scoprire cosa è successo nelle elezioni fraudolente del 2020”.
Poi il giornalista prova a proseguire con un’altra domanda, l’intervista è di soli 9 minuti sui 15 previsti. “Grazie Steve, è stato bello”, ha detto Donald Trump. “Volevo farti una domanda sul 6 gennaio… Non c’è più, ok”, conclude Inscape, che si rende conto che non c’è più nessuno al telefono.
“Appassionato di social media esasperatamente umile. Sostenitore di Twitter. Scrittore. Nerd di Internet.”La sinistra è morta. Datevi pace. Comincia a puzzare. Non potete stare più lì attorno alla bara a chiedervi come è potuto succedere. Le mosche cominciano a ronzare e bisogna coprirsi il naso con il fazzoletto.
E' andata.
Chiudete la cassa, avvitate le ventiquattro viti. Fatele il funerale, accompagnatela in spalla al cimitero. Piangete quanto volete, assoldate le prefiche, sbattete la testa contro il muro, coprite il feretro con la bandiera rossa bagnata delle vostre lacrime. Era tanto buona.
Ditele una messa da requiem e poi chiamate la banda a suonare Bandiera Rossa e l'Internazionale. I partigiani con il gonfalone.
Seppellitela in una piramide assieme a tutti i suoi parenti, discendenti, segretari, dirigenti, collaterali ed affini. Sigillatevi assieme i suoi traditori assassini. Condannateli a seguirla, a perdersi nell'ombra con lei, con i due euro da consegnare al traghettatore dagli occhi di bragia.
Oppure crematela, se preferite un sacro fuoco purificatore. Bruciatela assieme alle sue troppe vedove. Osservatela un ultimo istante mentre le fiamme l'avvolgono e il forno si richiude sul nostro sgomento. Poi, dalle ceneri, se il vento della storia non le disperderà per sempre, fate rinascere qualcosa di nuovo. Di bello.
Colonna sonora
Colonna sonoraLa mia preoccupazione: un VMC che russa più forte di me! Flusso semplice, l'interruttore non consente lo spegnimento, solo il passaggio della bassa e alta velocità di aspirazione. Per avere pace ho fermato il pulsante VMC del misuratore EDF. Risultato: silenzio si ma più acqua calda il pallone non si scalda più mentre lui pure con il proprio pulsante sul misuratore rimasto collegato. Come vengono protetti questi dispositivi? Come renderli indipendenti in modo che di tanto in tanto interrompo il VMC di notte a dormire tranquillamente o tramite il contatore o aggiungendo forse un silenziatore se esiste o cos'altro?
Normalmente questi due elementi dovrebbero essere completamente indipendenti e beneficiare di circuiti elettrici specifici. Fai controllare la tua installazione da un elettricista perché questo non è affatto normale e potrebbe persino essere pericoloso.
Per evitare il rumore, la scatola centrale del VMC deve essere sospesa in modo che non tocchi il telaio o il pavimento. I condotti rigidi devono essere collegati utilizzando polsini flessibili installati con morsetti e nastro. Un'altra soluzione è usare condotti flessibili. Controllare queste impostazioni che correggeranno sicuramente il problema del rumore.
Sullo stesso tema
- Domande / Risposte
- È possibile installare un VMC nella parte inferiore di una casa?
Questo potrebbe interessartiAs the saying goes, “SeraSe ra is surrounded by hermitages, GandenDga’ ldan is surrounded by self-arisen images, and Drepung’Bras spungs is surrounded by dharma protectors.” Sera Mahāyāna Monastery (Sera Tekchen LingSe ra theg chen gling) is therefore surrounded by hermitages as numerous as the stars on the fifteenth day of the lunar month.
Among the three great seats of learning of the GelukDge lugs school, SeraSe ra is the one renowned for its hermitages (ritröri khrod). At least nineteen such institutions are found tucked away in the mountains behind and around SeraSe ra.2 In this section of the Sera Project website, you will learn more about each of these hermitages. To go directly to the Hermitages interactive map, please click here.
The Tibetan compound word ritröri khrod – the word that we translate here as “hermitage” – literally means “in the midst of” or “on the side of” (trö’khrod) “the mountains” (riri).3 Hermitages are small monasteries found in relatively isolated mountain locations. At least in their early stages, they were the homes of individuals variously called “retreatant” (tsampamtshams pa), “meditator” (gomchensgom chen), “recluse” (chikbupagcig bu pa or ensapadben sa pa), and of course “hermit” (ritröpari khrod pa). A hermitage often began as the residence of a single individual,4 but most of them grew. When they became relatively large, they often ceased to be called hermitages and began to be called “monasteries” (gönpadgon pa), but the dividing line between these two terms – hermitage and monastery – is fuzzy. There are some hermitages, for example, that have more monks than many institutions that bear the name “monastery.” Many of Tibet’s greatest monasteries began as the hermitages of individual monks.
Hermitages usually begin as the retreat places of individual monks, tantric priests (ngakpasngags pa), pious male lay practitioners and, less frequently, nuns and laywomen.5 They are the places where these individuals settled for intensive, solitary practice. Originally, these sites may have had no buildings at all but only caves. When a cave did not exist, a monk might have built a simple stone and mud hut for his personal use. A monk often chose as the site of his hermitage a place that was considered holy (né tsa chenpognas rtsa chen po) – places where former saints had lived, places associated with certain deities, or places marked by certain geosacral signs such as self-arisen images or magical springs with curative powers. Holy places are said to bring blessings (jinlapbyin rlabs) to those who reside there. Like a magnifying glass, they have the power to amplify or increase the merit derived from any religious practice performed there, and in general they are said to increase the chances of success in religious practice.
What would a monk have done in his hermitage? He would have engaged in meditation, ritual, study, writing, memorization, and a host of spiritual practices classified together under the general rubric of “ accumulation and purification” (sakjanggsag sbyang).6 Or he might have engaged in a combination of all of these various activities. Even monks who were not committed to eremiticism as a permanent way of life often settled in isolated locations for limited periods of time – for example, when they engaged in short or longer-term deity-focused practices like the so-called “enabling retreat” (lerunglas rung) or “approximation retreat” (nyenpabsnyen pa).7
Many hermits traveled widely before settling on one spot as their permanent residence. And some, of course, never settled at all, but remained itinerant throughout their entire lives. Those monks who chose to settle usually picked a site that provided them with privacy. But the site also had to be relatively close to a populated area – close enough to allow them to obtain food and other necessities (usually in the form of donations from the laity). After remaining at a particular site for some time, the monk might gain a certain level of renown. In this case, he might attract students. If he did, an institution would begin to coalesce around him. First, students would build their own huts close to that of their master, and eventually they might build a temple where the monastic community could come together for rituals and teachings. If the community managed to attract the financial sponsorship of lay patrons, the hermitage would grow. When the original lamabla ma-founder died, the reincarnation might be identified, and in this way the succession would be maintained, and the hermitage would continue to develop as an institution. This is how private retreats evolved into more formal hermitages, and (in some instances at least) into larger monasteries. This is a well-known pattern in the history of Tibetan religious institutions. It is a model applicable not only to the evolution of SeraSe ra’s hermitages but also to other monasteries throughout Tibet.Avustralya'da çekilen videoda ünlü oyuncu, "Ah Donald, halk desteği oranları açıklandı. Ve sen dibe battın. Yüzde 30'larda sın. Ne bekliyordun ki? Çocukların 'Okul Sonrası Programları'nı kaldırmak, maddi geliri düşük olan insanlardan 'Meals on Wheels' yardımlarını almak, 'Amerikayı yeniden harika' yapmak dediğin şey bu değil. Hadi ama. Sen bu tavsiyeleri kimden alıyorsun?" diyerek Donald Trump'ın politikalarını eleştirdi.
Eleştirmekle de yetinmeyen oyuncu, Trump'a bir öneri sundu. Schwarzenegger, "Sana biraz tavsiye vereyim, bir ortaokula git, Washington'da 10 kilometre uzaklıktaki Hart Ortaokulu'na git. Seni oraya götürebilirim, böylelikle o çocuklar için yaptıkları harika şeyleri görebilirsin. Hadi yapalım bunu" dedi.
TRUMP YÜZÜNDEN PROGRAMI BIRAKMIŞTI
Cumhuriyetçi Partili eski California Valisi Arnold Schwarzenegger, Trump'ın 'baş yapımcı' olduğu 'The New Celebrity Apprentice' (Yeni Ünlü Çırak) adlı televizyon programından ayrılacağını açıklamıştı. NBC televizyonunda yayınlanan programı Trump'ın yerine sunan Schwarzenegger, programın yeni sezonunda bulunmayacağını bildirerek, programdan Trump ile bağı nedeniyle ayrılma kararı aldığını duyurmuştu.
'DÜŞÜK REYTİNG'E GÖNDERME
Trump ise, Schwarzenegger'in sözlerine Twitter üzerinden yanıt vererek, "Arnold Schwarzenegger, Çırak'ı isteyerek bırakmıyor. Schwarzenegger, düşük (acınası) reytingleri nedeniyle kovuldu, benim tarafımdan değil. Harika program için üzücü bir son" demişti. Schwarzenegger'in son videosunda Trump'ın halk desteği oranlarının düşük olduğunu vurgulamasının sebebi, Trump'ın bu tweetteki 'düşük reyting' ifadesinden kaynaklandığı yorumlarında bulunuluyor.
Nazlı ErdolTAV, yeni havalimanındaki kaybını Antalya'dan çıkaracak.
TAV Havalimanları Holding İcra Kurulu Başkanı Şener, Antalya Havalimanı'nın yüzde 50 hissedarı olan IC Grup'tan hisselerini satın alma anlaşması imzaladıklarını duyurdu.
Şener, "Böylece en azından İstanbul'daki kaybın yüzde 25'ini karşılayacak havalimanını aldık" dedi.
Sani Şener, Antalya Havalimanı'nda hisse alımında son durum hakkında şu bilgileri verdi:
"Atatürk Havaliman'nın kapanmasıyla birlikte TAV'ın EBITDA'sında yüzde 50 oranında bir düşüş olacak. Şimdiden bu yüzde 50 düşüşü kapatmak için elimizden gelen çalışmaları yapıyoruz. Antalya Havalimanı bunun için güzel bir örnek.
Stratejimizin önemli bir parçası olarak Antalya Havalimanı'nı satın almayı gösterdik. Çünkü orası İstanbul Atatürk Havalimanı'ndan sonraki 2. büyük havalimanıdır. Böylece en azından İstanbul'daki kaybın yüzde 25'ini karşılayacak havalimanını aldık. Yurt içi ve yurt dışında büyümeye devam edeceğiz.
( t u r i z m g a z e t e s i . c o m )A new study published by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) finds that while most air pollution is caused by white consumers, it’s Americans of color who are breathing it.
Every year 102,000 premature deaths are caused by emissions that originate in human consumption. Of those, 83,000 are the result of goods or services consumed here in the US (as opposed to exports, or emissions from governmental operations). These emissions come from seven primary sources, which the researchers call “end uses”: electricity, food, goods, information and entertainment, services, shelter, and transportation.
Black people are more exposed than whites to emissions from all seven of these emitter groups, while Hispanics are more exposed than whites to most of them. (For the purposes of this study, “whites” includes non-Hispanic people who identify as “white/other”, including Asian-Americans and Native Americans.) Despite their greater exposure, however, blacks and Hispanics are not the ones causing the most pollution.
Racial Inequality in the Air We Breathe
“Whites/others consume more—and cause more exposure—than do blacks and Hispanics across all seven end-use categories,” the study says. The difference doesn’t seem to be in the types of things white people consume. It’s just that they consume more.
But because income advantages give them better access to neighborhoods away from, for example, factories and agriculture, white Americans enjoy a “pollution advantage” allowing them to breathe 17 percent less air pollution than they create. Meanwhile, blacks have a “pollution burden” of exposure to 56 percent more pollution than they create, and Hispanics to 63 percent more.
Even as all three racial groups’ exposure to toxic emissions has declined around 50 percent between 2002 and 2015, the study says that high pollution inequity has not changed. “What is especially surprising,” says Jason Hill, Engineering Professor at the University of Minnesota and co-author of the study, “is just how large pollution inequity is and has been for well over a decade.”
A Question No One Has Tried To Answer Before
The study began when Christopher Tessum, a researcher at the University of Washington, presented earlier findings about black and Hispanic communities’ disproportionate exposure to air pollution, compared to white communities. According to Tessum, an audience member asked “if it would be possible to connect exposure to air pollution to who is doing the actual consuming.” As far as Tessum knew, nobody had ever tried to answer that question.
The metrics were complex, as researchers had to connect data sets about about emitters, end uses, end user demographics, and exposure demographics. “The different kinds of data, by themselves, aren’t that complicated,” Tessum told NPR. “It’s linking them where things get a little trickier.”
Researchers gathered data about pockets of pollution from the National Emissions Inventory. They found data on consumer spending from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and economic data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. They generated maps of emitters, with hot spots around West Virginia coal plants and California’s agricultural central valley. Then they worked backwards to create a causal chain from dollars spent on groceries, for example, all the way to the agricultural emissions at their origin.
Findings Important, if Not Exactly Surprising
Researchers admit the results are “intuitive,” but that no one had directly established and quantified the relationship between who’s responsible for the most consumption-based polluting, and who’s shouldering the costs.
“Even though minorities are contributing less to the overall problem of air pollution, they are affected by it more,” said Hill. “Is it fair (that) I create more pollution and somebody else is disproportionately affected by it?” Fair or not, this is the reality that many have lived and known for a very long time.
“These findings confirm what most grassroots environmental justice leaders have known for decades,” said Texas Southern University public affairs professor Robert Bullard to USA Today, “‘whites are dumping their pollution on poor people and people of color.’” Bullard wasn’t involved in this study, but his research has been foundational to the advancement of environmental justice.
Marshall anticipates further pursuits of the topic to follow. “The approach we establish in this study could be extended to other pollutants, locations and groupings of people,” he said. “When it comes to determining who causes air pollution – and who breathes that pollution – this research is just the beginning.”Via: IJLM – International Journal of Learning and Media - Worked Example: How Scientific Accuracy in Game Design Stimulates Scientific Inquiry
A just published report describes in detail a study of the effectiveness and consequences of a MacArthur Foundation funded project in WhyVille (find also Serious Games Capturing How Humans Really Learn) involving the Chicago Field Museum.
The worked example presents the importance of scientific accuracy in gaming environments that rely heavily on learning-based activities. It focuses on WhyReef, a simulated coral reef, which is targeted towards kids ages 8-16.
The Field Museum selected coral reef biodiversity as its overarching theme for this project because of its commitment to improving public knowledge and increasing action regarding biodiversity and biodiversity loss.
The study attempts to demonstrate that creating a game-based virtual coral reef with a high degree of scientific accuracy allows players to experience real science on their own terms.
The anecdotal evidence detailed throughout supports the argument that through game play in WhyReef, players are developing scientific observational skills, using critical thinking and problem-solving skills, engaging in the scientific process, becoming stewards for the natural world, and becoming exposed to careers in science.
Players are also able to apply real world knowledge of coral reef ecosystems and ecology through a variety of activities available through WhyReef.
About WhyReef Project - Field Museum’s Virtual Reef
WhyReef is a coral reef in WhyVille , a virtual world for younger children, developed by MacArthur grantees Elizabeth Babcock, Audrey Aronowsky, Beth Sanzenbacher, Johanna Thompson, Krystal Villanosa, and Mark Westneat at Chicago’s Field Museum.
Created and operated by Field Museum educators and scientists and Numedeon, WhyReef draws kids into a game of identifying the marine life they see swim by, and with each step in the game they dig deeper into information on reef species and the overall ecosystem of a reef.
WhyReef allows players to be "citizen scientists" and also introduces the tools necessary to understand the consequences of biodiversity loss.为了将全球变暖限制在2100至1.5℃以下以上预工业水平，
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عَلِّمُنَا الِاسْتِخَارَةَ فِي الْأُمُورِ كُلِّهَا كَمَا يُعَلِّمُنَا السُّورَةَ مِنْ الْقُرْآنِ يَقُولُ إِذَا هَمَّ أَحَدُكُمْ بِالْأَمْرِ فَلْيَرْكَعْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ مِنْ غَيْرِ الْفَرِيضَةِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ اللّٰهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْتَخِيرُكَ بِعِلْمِكَ وَأَسْتَعِينُكَ بِقُدْرَتِكَ وَأَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ فَضْلِكَ الْعَظِيمِ فَإِنَّكَ تَقْدِرُ وَلَا أَقْدِرُ وَتَعْلَمُ وَلَا أَعْلَمُ وَأَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ اللّٰهُمَّ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ خَيْرٌ لِي فِي دِينِي وَمَعَاشِي وَعَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي أَوْ قَالَ فِي عَاجِلِ أَمْرِي وَآجِلِهِ فَاقْدِرْهُ لِي وَيَسِّرْهُ لِي ثُمَّ بَارِكْ لِي فِيهِ وَإِنْ كُنْتَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ شَرٌّ لِي فِي دِينِي وَمَعَاشِي وَعَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي أَوْ قَالَ فِي عَاجِلِ أَمْرِي وَآجِلِهِ فَاصْرِفْهُ عَنِّي وَاصْرِفْنِي عَنْهُ وَاقْدُرْ لِي الْخَيْرَ حَيْثُ كَانَ ثُمَّ أَرْضِنِي بِهِ قَالَ وَيُسَمِّي حَاجَتَهُ
“Peygamber Efendimiz (Sallallahu Aleyhi ve Sellem) Kur’an’dan bir sûre öğretir gibi bütün işlerde bize istihareyi öğretir ve şöyle buyururdu: ‘Sizden biri, herhangi bir iş yapmak istediğinde, farz (namaz) dışında iki rekât namaz kılsın ve şöyle dua etsin:
Allah’ım! Sen bildiğin için, senden hakkımda hayırlı olanı bana bildirmeni diliyorum. Ve kudretin yettiği için sana sığınıyor ve senin yüce fazlından niyaz ediyorum. Çünkü sen her şeye gücü yetensin. Ben ise acizim, gücüm yetmez ve sen her şeyi bilirsin, hâlbuki ben bilemem, sen gaybları da tamamen bilirsin.
Allah’ım! Sen biliyorsun; eğer bu iş, benim dinim, yaşayışım, işimin âkıbeti (veya şöyle der;) dünyam ve ahiretim hakkında hayırlı ise, bunu bana nasip ve kolay eyle. Sonra bu işte benim için bereket meydana getir. Ve eğer bu iş, benim dinim, hayatım, işimin âkıbeti hakkında (veya şöyle der;) dünyevî uhrevî hususlarımda benim için bir şer (kötülük) ise, bunu benden çevir. Beni de bundan çevir. (Bu işe dair gönlümde bir arzu bırakma) Ve benim için hayır nerede ise nasip eyle ve kolay kıl, sonra da beni takdir ettiğin hayır ile hoşnut eyle. Sonra (bu kişi) ihtiyacını söylesin.’”[2]
Bir şeyin hayırlısını istemek, anlamında olan “istihare”, doğru olan hareketin nasıl olacağı bilinemeyen mubah işlerde manevi bir işarete nail olmak isteyenin kıldığı iki rekâtlık bir namazdır.
Hayırlı bir şey hakkında yapılacak olan istihare o işin istenilen vakitte yapılmasının uygun olup olmamasıyla alakalıdır. Yoksa bizatihi hayırlı olan işin yapılıp yapılmamasıyla ilgili istihare yapılmaz.
İSTİHÂRE NAMAZSIZ OLUR MU?
Hanefi mezhebinde son dönemlerin önde gelen âlimlerinden Muhammed Emin b. Abidin (ö.1252) er-Reddu’l-Muhtar adlı eserinde şöyle der: İstihare namazının kılınması herhangi bir nedenden dolayı kılınamayacak olsa yalnız istihare duası ile yetinilir.[3] İbn Abidin’in bu ifadesinden anlaşılan, istihare yapmak için namaz kılmak şart değildir. Yalnızca dua ile de istihare yapılabilir. Şu kadar var ki evla olan namaz ile beraber dua yapılmasıdır.[4]
İSTİHÂRE NASIL YAPILIR? İSTİHÂRENİN TÂRİFİ
İstihare şöyle yapılır: Kişi yatacağı zaman iki rekât namaz kılar. Birinci rekâtta Fatiha-i şerife’den sonra Kafirun suresini ikinci rekâtta ise İhlâs suresini okur. Namazı kıldıktan sonra yukarıdaki hadis-i şerifte beyan edilen istihare duasını okur ve abdestli bir şekilde kıbleye yönelerek yatar. Rüyada beyaz veya yeşil görülmesi hayra, siyah veya kırmızı görülmesi ise şerre delalet ettiği[5] eslâfımızdan menkuldür.
İSTİHÂRE YAPANIN RÜYA GÖRMESİ ŞART MIDIR?
İstihare yapıldığında rüya görmek şart değildir. İstiharenin yedi gece yapılmasını ve kalbe ilk doğan kanaatle amel edilmesini, Peygamber Efendimiz (Sallallahu Aleyhi ve Sellem), Hz. Enes’e (Allah ondan razı olsun) hitaben şu şekilde beyan etmiştir:
يَا أَنَسُ إِذَا هَمَمْتَ بِأَمْرٍ فَاسْتَخِرْ رَبَّكَ فِيهِ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ ، ثُمَّ اُنْظُرْ إِلَى الَّذِي يَسْبِقُ إِلَى قَلْبِكَ فَإِنَّ الْخَيْرَ فِيهِ
“Ya Enes! Bir iş yapmak istediğin vakit o iş hakkında yedi kez rabbinden hayrı talep et, (istihare yap) sonra kalbine ilk gelene bak, zira hayır ondadır.”[6]
El-Mevsuatu’l-Fıkhiyyetu’l-Kuveytiyyeadlı eserde şöyle denilmiştir: Fakihlerin sözlerinden anlaşılan istiharenin yedi kere tekrar edilmesi, istihare yapan kişinin kalbinde bir şeyin zuhur etmemesi durumundadır. Şayet istihare yapan kişi için herhangi bir şey zuhur edecek olursa istihareyi tekrar etmeye gerek yoktur.[7]
İstiharenin kabulüne alamet, göğsün genişlemesi kalbin o işe karşı sevinç ve itminana ulaşması olarak beyan edilmiştir.
İstiharenin Sonucu ile İstişarenin Neticesi Arasında Farklılık Olursa
İstihare sünnet olduğu gibi, herhangi bir meselede ehil olan kişiyle istişare yapmak da ayrı bir sünnettir.
Peygamber Efendimiz (Sallallahu Aleyhi ve Sellem)’in Sahabe-i Kiramla olan irtibatını Allah Teâlâ Hazretleri Âl-i İmran Suresinde şöyle beyan ediyor:
فَبِمَا رَحْمَةٍ مِّنَ اللّهِ لِنتَ لَهُمْ وَلَوْ كُنتَ فَظًّا غَلِيظَ الْقَلْبِ لَاَنفَضُّوا مِنْ حَوْلِكَ فَاعْفُ عَنْهُمْ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْرِ فَإِذَا عَزَمْتَ فَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللّهِ إِنَّ اللّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُتَوَكِّلِينَ
“Allah’ın rahmeti sayesinde sen onlara karşı yumuşak davrandın. Eğer kaba, katı yürekli olsaydın, onlar senin etrafından dağılıp giderlerdi. Artık sen onları affet. Onlar için Allah’tan bağışlama dile. İş konusunda onlarla müşavere et. Bir kere de karar verip azmettin mi, artık Allah’a tevekkül et, (ona dayanıp güven). Şüphesiz Allah, tevekkül edenleri sever.”[8]
Allah Teâlâ Hazretleri Şûrâ Suresinde şöyle buyuruyor:
وَالَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِرَبِّهِمْ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَمْرُهُمْ شُورَى بَيْنَهُمْ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ
“Ve o kimseler için ki Rablerine icabette bulundular ve namazı dosdoğru kıldılar ve onların işleri aralarında meşveret iledir ve kendilerini merzûk ettiğimiz şeylerden infakta bulunurlar.”[9]
Peygamber Efendimiz (Sallallahu Aleyhi ve Sellem)’in istişareye verdiği önemi ifade etme sadedinde Ebu Hureyre (Allah ondan razı olsun) şöyle buyurdu:
عَنْ ابنِ شِهَاب عَنْ أَبي هُرَيرَةَ قَالَ:مَا رَأَيْتُ مِنَ النَّاسِ أَحَدًا أَكْثَرَ مَشُورَةً لِأَصْحَابِهِ مِنْ رَسُول اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ
“İbn Şihab’dan rivayete göre Ebu Hureyre (Allah ondan razı olsun) şöyle buyurdu: Peygamber Efendimiz (Sallallahu Aleyhi ve Sellem)’in ashabıyla istişare yapmasından daha fazla istişare yapan hiç kimseyi görmedim.”[10]
Keşfu’s-Sitâre an Salati’l-İstihâre adlı eserde, İbnu’l-Haccac el-Mâlikî’den naklen şöyle denilmiştir: İstihare ile istişareyi cem etmek yani bir iş hakkında her ikisini de yapmak, Peygamber Efendimiz (Sallallahu Aleyhi ve Sellem)’in sünnet-i seniyyesine tam anlamıyla sarılmaktır.[11]
Mevsuatu’l-Buhûs ve’l-Makâlâtu’l-İlmiyye adlı eserde, İmam en-Nevevî’den naklen şöyle denmiştir: İstihare yapılmadan önce ehil kişiyle istişarede bulunmak müstahaptır.[12] İstişareye ehil olan kişiden kastedilen; dinine, istişare yapılmak istenilen konu hakkında bilgisine, tecrübesine ve istişare yapmak isteyen kişiye karşı merhamet ve şefkatine güvenilen kişidir.
İstişârenin neticesi olarak yapılacak işte maslahat olduğuna varılacak olursa, kişi ayrıca istihare yaparak o işin hayırlı olmasını Allah Teâlâ Hazretlerinden talep eder.
İbn Hacer el-Heysemî şöyle der: İstihare ile istişare arasında tearuz olursa istişarenin sonucu doğrultusunda hareket edilir. Zira uzman ve güvenilir olan kişinin sözüyle hareket etmek, kişinin kendine itimat etmesinden daha kuvvetlidir. Çünkü kişinin kalbine arzuladığı şıkkın doğma ihtimali vardır. Fakat istişarede ilim ve tecrübenin kullanılması sonucunda verilen bir karar vardır. Ancak kişi o işi fazla arzulamıyor olursa veya arzusu mutedil olursa bir de kalbi mutmain olursa istiharenin neticesi doğrultusunda amel edebilir.[13]
Başkası Adına İstihare Yapmak
Kitaplarımızda bu meseleyi açıkça ifade eden ibarelere rastlamak zordur. Bununla beraber El-Mevsuatu’l-Fıkhiyyetu’l-Kuveytiyye adlı eserde şöyle denilmiştir: Maliki ve Şafi mezheplerine göre istiharede niyabet yani bir başkası adına istihare yapmak caizdir. Hanefî ve Hanbelî kitapları bu konuya değinmemişlerdir.[14] Kitaplarımızın bu meseleye açıkça değinmemeleri bunun caiz olmadığını göstermez. Zira caiz olmadığını ifade eden ibareler de yoktur.
Müslim’in rivayet etmiş olduğu bir hadis-i şerifte Peygamber Efendimiz (Sallallahu Aleyhi ve Sellem) şöyle buyuruyor:
عَنْ جَابِرٍ قال: قَالَ رَسُوُل اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ (…) مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَنْفَعَ أَخَاهُ فَلْيَنْفَعْهُ
Cabir’den şöyle rivayet edildi: Peygamber Efendimiz(Sallallahu Aleyhi ve Sellem) şöyle buyurdu: “…Sizden biriniz (din) kardeşine faydalı olmaya güç yetirebiliyorsa ona fayda sağlasın”[15]
İstihare yapmayı bilmeyen kişi yerine, bilen birinin istihare yapması, hiç şüphesiz hadis-i şerifte teşvik edilen din kardeşine menfaatli olmanın kapsamındadır.
Allah Teâlâ en doğrusunu bilendir.
HÜSAMETTİN VANLIOĞLU BAŞKANLIĞINDA FIKIH KURULU
[1] El-Mevsuatu’l-Fıkhiyyetu’l-Kuveytiyye
[2] El-Buhârî; kitabu’l-kusüf; babu macae fi-tatavvu
[3] Muhammed Emin ibn Âbidîn, Reddu’l-Muhtâr
[4] El-Mevsuatu’l-Fıkhiyyetu’l-Kuveytiyye
[5] Muhammed Emin ibn Âbidîn, Reddu’l-Muhtâr
[6] Camiu’l-Ehadîs Es-Suyutî, kısmu’l-istitrakat, harfu’l-elif
[7] El-Mevsuatu’l-Fıkhiyyetu’l-Kuveytiyye, istihare maddesi
[8] Âl-i İmran Sûresi/ 159
[9] Şûrâ Sûresi/38
[10] El-Camiu fi’l-Hadîs, babu’l-bağy
[11] Keşfu’s-Sitâre an Salâti’l-İstihâre
[12] Mevsuatu’l-Buhusu ve’l-Makâlâti’l-İlmiyye
[13] El-Mevsuatu’l-Fıkhiyyetu’l-Kuveytiyye
[14] A.g.e
[15] Müslim, kitabu’s-selam, bab: istihbabu’r-rıkkıyye…原标题：顿涅茨克首领身亡，俄乌冲突的火药桶一发千钧？
[大公报综合报导]“多量异国雇佣兵达到顿Bath！”据俄媒报导，从乌Crane西边传来消息，美利哥和加拿大的高档别军官已经参加地点的乌Crane政党军并“担任指挥官”，希图参加进攻反政党武装的行动。后天“顿涅茨克人民共和国”的亲俄首领扎哈尔琴科被炸身亡的影子，就像化身成一团风暴雨惠临前的乌云，在乌Crane南部上空急速堆叠合重。地区冲突的火药桶千钧一发，克里米亚的旧仇、U.S.对俄裁定的新恨、以至乌Crane总统Polo申科公投卫冕所需的民族主义——每二个成分都恐怕是助剂。
扎哈尔琴科被炸身亡注定给乌Crane带动全新的不得了挑战，但乌俄关系实在已经尤其紧张。十一月6日乌Crane传播媒介就爆料称，杜塞尔多夫方面思谋关停乌Crane与俄罗丝仅剩的铁路径。
六月1日，俄国安全办事处海岸警卫队在阿拉伯海周边乌Crane的别尔
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just as likely as chronically ill cats to exhibit "sickness behaviors" such as refusing food, vomiting, and leaving waste in inappropriate places, when their routines are disrupted. The research was conducted by Judi Stella, doctoral candidate, as part of a long-term study on environmental enrichment. The papers other co-authors include Dr. Tony Buffington, professor, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Dr. Linda Lord, assistant professor, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine. To read the full story, click here.
This story has been carried in: USA Today, Fox News, AP Newswire, The Columbus Dispatch, Los Angeles Times, and 206 other news articles.
View the story in onCampus: http://oncampus.osu.edu/2011/01/even-healthy-cats-act-sick-when-routine-is-disrupted/
About the College of Veterinary Medicine at Ohio State
Founded in 1885, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine is ranked fifth in the nation and includes more than 1,000 faculty, staff and students in the Departments of Veterinary Biosciences, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, and Veterinary Preventive Medicine. The Veterinary Medical Center is one of the largest specialty referral centers in the world, with more than 35,000 farm, equine, and companion animal patients each year. A nationally-recognized ambulatory practice and teaching unit in Marysville, Ohio provides farm animal experience to every veterinary student, and the Food Animal Health Research Program in Wooster, OH focuses on detection, control, and prevention of disease. Located on the only campus in the country with a comprehensive medical center offering seven health sciences colleges, we admit up to 162 veterinary students per class, and offer a new comprehensive graduate program in Veterinary and Comparative Medicine as well as a unique Master’s degree in Veterinary Public Health, in partnership with the College of Public Health. http://vet.osu.edu.Learn how to draw a clown face with this simple step by step tutorial. It’s easier than you think!
This tutorial has all the exaggerated clown face features — the funny hat, big eyebrows and mouth, curly hair, etc. but they have all been simplified so that even really young artists can easily manage to put them all together.
*The above product links are a referral. If you click through and take action, I’ll be compensated a small amount, at no extra expense to you.
Time needed: 1 hour.
How to Draw a Clown
- Draw the circle nose.
- Add the two attached eyes.
- Draw the head around the eyes.
- Add the mouth.
- Draw the neck, bow, shoulders.
- Add ears and curly hair.
- Draw the hat on the head.
- Erase the gray lines and add spots.
- Trace a marker and color.Müşteri kapma kavgası kanlı bitti: 1 ölü
Tekirdağ'ın Yeniçiftlik Beldesi'nde iki birahanecinin müşteri kapma kavgası kanlı bitti, bir kişi öldü, bir kişi ağır yaralandı. İddialara göre, beldede birahane işleten Eyüp Güzel, önceki akşam rakibi olan birahaneye müşteri olarak girdi. Müşterileri taciz etmek için birahaneye gittiği öne sürülen Güzel, kısa bir süre sonra kendi çalışanları olan Fırat Gözalan ve Fatih Hüseyinoğlu'nu telefonla yanına çağırdı. Kısa süre sonra Güzel'in yanına gelen Gözalan ve Hüseyinoğlu, birahanenin şef garsonu Osman Çetinkaya ile tartışmaya başladı. Gözalan, tartışmanın büyümesi üzerine belinden çıkardığı tabancayla etrafa rastgele ateş etmeye başladı. Çetinkaya, silahı tutukluk yapan Gözalan'ı tezgahtan aldığı bıçakla kalbinden bıçakladı. Bu sırada silahı kapan Eyüp Güzel, rastgele ateş etti. Açılan ateş sonucu Osman Çetinkaya, bacaklarından aldığı 4 kurşunla yaralandı. Kalbinden bıçaklanan Fırat Gözalan hayatını kaybederken, ağır yaralanan Çetinkaya Tekirdağ Devlet Hastanesi'nde tedavi altına alındı. Eyüp Güzel silahıyla birlikte kaçarken, Fatih Hüseyinoğlu jandarma tarafından gözaltına alındı.
由于网点的螺旋形状特点，印刷伪影像(如图像污点或出版机曝光额外多出来的较小影像形成了伪影像)变得不可见。正如几个测试客户所证实的，这款新网线避免了蓝色范围内的颜色污染，从而得到更高的印刷质量。由于螺旋点形状的特性，减少了油墨层，这对加快油墨干燥或降低能耗有积极影响。
螺旋网(SPIR@L)不需要在现有印刷机和工作流程中添加任何硬件
“螺旋网(SPIR@L)背后的概念简单而辉煌。”爱克发商业印刷公司市场经理Erik Peeters 介绍道：“我们用更高效的螺旋形状网点取代了印刷中使用的传统圆点，这样印刷作业时只需要更少的墨水来填充完全相同的空间，从而每次都能获得清晰的图像和更高的印刷效率。”
螺旋网SPIR@L是爱克发Eco³(E立方)计划的重要组成部分。在设计和创建基于硬件、软件和耗材的解决方案时，爱克发专注于环保、经济和更高效。Eco³(E立方)使印前和印刷操作更清洁、更具成本效益，更易于管理和维护。
“螺旋网(SPIR@L)坚持爱克发的 ECO立方理念，通过提高质量并为客户节省时间和金钱。” 爱克发商业营销解决方案主管 Guy Desmet 最后补充道。
关于爱克发
爱克发全名为爱克发·吉华(Agfa-Gevaert)，是一家从事影像科技研究以及生产制造的国际集团，总部设在比利时。爱克发研发、制造并行销模拟式及数字式影像产品、系统，主要市场包括印前制版业、出版传播业、报业、桌上出版业、摄影冲印业、网络影像服务业、医疗影像等。爱克发集团在2017年的营业额为24.43亿欧元。
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- 专栏Mainstreaming at the Preschool Level. Including Special Needs Children in Your Typical Preschool. Christine Gillan-Byrne and Robin Aaron. Constructivist Theory of Learning. We learn by constructing our own understandings based upon our experiences.
Including Special Needs Children in Your Typical Preschool
Christine Gillan-Byrne and Robin Aaron
The Summer 2004 issue of Interaction, the journal of the Canadian Child Care Federation, features a series of articles on "Science and Early Learning." As a part of this series, Anita Elworthy outlines the essentials of the constructivist theory of learning...
Father – hearing impaired
Schuyler – Spina bifida
John – Asperger’s Syndrome
Mental a special need. List special need as well.
VisualTypes of Special Needs
Avoid or ignore a special need. List special need as well.
Sadness or pity
Belief in PotentialFeelings
All Children have a special need. List special need as well.potential
all children are capable of learning.
Preparing a special need. List special need as well.
Special Needs Child
What would you do?
Attitude a special need. List special need as well.
Belief in Potential
What are some typical developmental milestones in children?
Not every challenged child can be successfully mainstreamed into a “typical” classroom.
Physical Inclusion a special need. List special need as well.
Children with special needs will often learn more from other children than from adults.
Children with typical needs will also learn from children with special needs.
Activities designed especially for the child with special needs should include other children whenever possible.
Be balanced in your efforts.
Mary Donegan, Seong Bock Hong, Mary Trepanier-Street, & Caryn Finkelstein. (2005).
Physical adaptations a special need. List special need as well.
Program adaptationsInclusion Plan Scenarios p. 156
Is this inclusion plan appropriate for this child and teacher?
What have you done lately to make your classroom more developmentally appropriate?
What have you done lately, or in the past, to make your room more individualized?
Thank you for our attendance and participation a special need. List special need as well.hitois Like Button API
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کد
کد بالا را کپی کنید و آن را در جایی که میخواهید دکمه قرار دهید کپی کنید.Lavate bene le verdure, iniziate a pelare le patate e le carote e tagliatele a cubetti della stessa dimensione. Prendete tutte le altre verdure e tagliatele della stessa dimensione delle patate e delle carote.
Disponetele le verdure tagliate in una pirofila bassa e aggiungete olio, sale.
Aggiungete un bicchiere di passata di pomodoro, ed uno di acqua, infine mettete uno spicchio d'aglio e un cucchiaio di dado granulare.
Mettete in forno preriscaldato a 180° per 45/50 minuti.
A metà cottura girate le verdure e se serve aggiungete un po' di brodo granulare con l'acqua per evitare che si asciughino troppo.
Al termine dei minuti di cottura cottura, mettete il forno in modalità grill per 5/10 minuti.
Servite caldo!!
Recipe Notes
et voilà il piatto è pronto da portare in tavola.
Se ti è piaciuta la ricetta, vuoi dei consigli, o l'hai realizzata
lascia un commento o condividi l'articolo sui tuoi social.NOTE: The following article, borrowed with permission from John and Sue Wyatt of The Lamb’s Servant Blog, is perhaps THE best article we’ve ever seen as proof that Torah existed from the beginning! While it is fairly long, it is truly worth your time, so please take a few minutes to absorb the excellent research revealing that Torah was already present in the time of Adam and Eve – who, by the way, weren’t Jewish! And don’t hesitate to peruse the rest of that excellent site, once you’ve clicked on the link above….
EVIDENCE THAT TORAH WAS GIVEN TO ALL MEN AT CREATION
Because that Abraham obeyed my voice, and kept my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws [torah]. Gen 26:5
Why is it of interest to know whether or not Adam or Abraham were aware of and kept
Torah? It is important because they were not ‘Jewish’ – they represent all of mankind. If Torah was given to Adam and his early descendants, it indicates that Torah is not just for the Jews and not just for a particular time in history, but rather that Torah is for all men in all ages. It is of the utmost importance to determine the true status of Torah!
To know Torah is to know YHVH
Torah is simply Father YHVH’s personal ethical standard applied to human behavior.
Listen to Me, you who know righteousness, You people in whose heart is My Torah… Isa 51:7
An infant begins understanding its parents’ ethical standards from its first day of life with them, because the parents cannot help but express their standards through their interaction with the infant. Because Father YHVH embodies righteousness, it would have been impossible for Him to interact with Adam and Eve without conveying His personal righteousness! Thus Adam and Eve inevitably began learning the Way of Righteousness from their first day with YHVH.
But was Torah presented as a formal Code of Conduct? We believe it was.
We believe that the basic principles and even many of the specific mitzvot were learned in the Garden, with others having been learned once sin entered the picture. By holding this belief, we find ourselves very much in opposition with accepted Jewish and Christian teaching.
In this article, we will attempt to show from Scripture that YHVH gave Adam “instructions for righteousness” (Torah) in the Garden and/or immediately upon Adam’s ejection from the Garden.
It is our earnest hope that you will not just read what we present here, but that you will closely examine all of the early books of scripture and form your own opinion.
In School with Y’shua
We know that YHVH created this universe through Y’shua, the Living Word (John 1:1-3). What a beautiful image comes to mind as we imagine Y’shua enjoying His new creation while He and Adam walked together “in the cool of the day.” During this interaction, Adam and Eve inevitably absorbed some understanding of the righteousness of the Creator. In their love for Him, they would have accepted His character as the character they wanted to express in themselves. Initially, it was natural for them to choose the Way of Righteousness, and they walked with YHVH in intimacy, sharing His viewpoint and goals.
However, we believe that Adam and Eve were also created with free will and the ability to choose. The day came when they made the decision to follow their own desires. At that point, their relationship with YHVH was deeply fractured, and they were no longer in intimate fellowship with Him. His ways were no longer their ways, and their hearts had been removed from Him. How were they to live before Him now?
It may have been at this point that YHVH gave Adam and Eve instructions (Heb: Torah) about how to live in a manner that would allow them to choose rightly and remain in His presence even aftersin entered the picture. Scripture calls this ‘the Way of Righteousness’ or, for short, ‘the Way.’
Torah in Genesis
In the early chapters of Genesis, there are many indications of an early awareness of Torah. The principles are not ‘labeled’ as Torah – we see them revealed only coincident to the events being related. These Torah concepts appear to have been so intrinsically woven into this early culture that they were ‘normal’ and did not need to be pointed out. They were so much a part of the fabric of life that there was not even a memory of when they had become part of the fabric! In other words, it appears that these concepts had become part of Man’s world view very early on, perhaps even before sin entered his experience.
Abraham, who lived shortly after the Flood and long before Mount Sinai, was aware of and lived by YHVH’s formally taught commands and ordinances!
[YHVH made the Covenant with Abraham] Because that Abraham obeyed my voice, and kept my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws. Gen 26:5
This verse is the clearest scriptural indication that YHVH’s Torah was plainly and specifically made known to mankind prior to Moses and Mount Sinai, and even prior to Abraham, the first acknowledged ‘Hebrew,’ thus making Torah applicable to all men at all times. These commands were not given to Abraham as part of the Covenant YHVH made with him: The Abrahamic Covenant was made because Abraham was already living according to YHVH’s commands!
In this verse, the word ‘charge’ (Heb.מִשְׁמֶרֶת mishmereth) tells us that Abraham had an obligation to guard the knowledge of the Way of Righteousness and to pass it on to his descendants and anyone else who would receive it. The use of this word in this passage tells us that at a point before the first covenant was made with Abraham, YHVH had specifically given His Torah to men and had instructed – charged – that His Torah should be observed and taught to succeeding generations. Someone else had been faithful to that charge and had passed the knowledge on to Abraham. Because Abraham was in turn extraordinarily faithful to that charge, YHVH made a covenant with him.
The word ‘commandments’ (Heb. מִצְוָה plur. mitzvot, sing. mitzvah) denotes specific instructions or orders – this word is used every day in Jewish speech, as every faithful Jew is delighted to know YHVH’s mitzvah/mitzvot so that he can be found doing what YHVH desires. (See Glossary of Terms for further definitions).
The word ‘statutes’ (Heb. חֻקָּה chuqqah), sometimes translated ‘ordinances,’ gives the connotation of an instruction that has been written down and preserved. The statutes appear to deal primarily with ceremonial issues, such as celebration of feasts, the form of worship, etc. This word comes the closest to what we Greco-Roman thinkers would perceive as “law.” When they are first introduced in scripture (Leviticus, etc), YHVH’s statutes are rarely connected with the idea of “punishment for defiance;” however, when the prophets inform the people that they have not kept YHVH’s statutes, they simultaneously warn the people of impending discipline.
The word translated as “law” is the same Hebrew word torah that we have previously discussed. Strong’s Concordance gives its primary meaning as ‘instruction, direction,’ which is appropriate – this word conveys the idea of a loving father’s careful instructions to His beloved child, for the purpose of protecting him and training him up to be a whole and healthy person.
The fact that this verse about Father Abraham, “the first Hebrew,” lists four types of communications from YHVH and assumes that they had been in use for multiple generations, indicates strongly that at some unknown point – most reasonably in the Garden or shortly thereafter – YHVH did indeed give Man His “instructions for righteousness,” for the purpose of protecting Man from harm and to give Man the means by which to maintain a relationship with YHVH.
It is mere conjecture and speculation to say in what form these instructions were given, but it is tempting to see the basic concepts of the Torah having been more or less ‘absorbed’ by physical association with Y’shua in the Garden, with the more formal instructions for worship, cleanliness, etc, having been communicated after sin entered in and the relationship had become distant and strained.
Some will worry that by being ‘legalistic’ and holding ourselves accountable to Torah, we are somehow invalidating the saving work of Y’shua on the cross. However, we must remember that Y’shua said, “If you love me, keep my commandments.” (John 14:15)
Was Abraham ‘legalistic’ because he kept YHVH’s charge, commandments, statutes and laws? If so, why does YHVH say that Abraham’s faith was accounted unto him for righteousness?
In the Hebraic mind, faith is not mental assent: it is an action that is visible. Faith is revealed in obedience. For this reason, we read scriptures such as:
Now faith is the substance of things hoped for,
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离婚协议书模板2023最新版1
男方协议人：
身份证号码：
户籍住址：（必须户口薄首页地址）
电话号码：
女方协议人：
身份证号码：
户籍住址：（必须户口薄首页地址）
电话号码：
男方和女方于____年__月__日在______X婚姻登记处办理登记注册，结婚证号码：__________。于____年__月__日生下孩子__X。由于双方性格不合导致夫妻感情完全破裂，无法继续共同生活。经过双方协商一致，同意签订以下离婚协议：
一、男方和女方自愿解除婚姻关系，女方离婚时确认无怀孕。
二、婚生儿子（女儿）__X的抚养权归男方（或女方），抚养费由男方（或女方）负责支付，直到儿子（女儿）__X成年独立生活为止，女方（或男方）保留探视权。
三、离婚后男方和女方没有共同财产分割。
四、离婚时男方和女方互不给予经济补偿。
五、男方和女方没有共同债权和债务。双方各自享有和承担各自的债权和债务。离婚后，婚姻存续期间发生的债权或债务纠纷由责任方负责。
六、对于本协议未涉及的事宜，男方和女方将共同协商解决。
七、本协议是男方和女方自愿签订的，自获得《离婚证》之日起生效，对双方都具有法律约束力，违约方应承担法律责任。
八、本协议一式三份，男方和女方各保留一份，一份存档于婚姻登记管理机关。
九、如果在执行过程中发生争议，双方应协商解决，如果协商不成，任何一方都可以在当地法院提起诉讼。
我们自愿离婚，双方都具有完全民事行为能力，完全同意本协议书的各项安排，也没有其他不同意见。
离婚人男方：女方：
年 月 日
离婚协议书模板2023最新版2
协议人：________，男，出生于____年____月____日，是汉族，住在____市____路____号。
协议人：________，女，出生于____年____月____日，是汉族，住在____市____路____号。
协议人双方在____年____月____日在____区人民政府登记结婚。由于双方性格不合，无法生活在一起，夫妻感情已经完全破裂，现双方自愿离婚，并达成以下协议：
一、张某和王某自愿离婚。
二、关于财产分割的协议条款
夫妻婚后购买了一套位于____路____号的房产，购房合同价值60万元，现在市值为100万元（包括房内装修和附属设施）。购房时男方作为主贷人贷款了42万元，现在还剩30万元未还。双方协商决定将该房产归女方所有，女方需要支付给男方35万元作为房屋的折价款。折价款的计算公式是：房屋现值100万元，未还贷款30万元。女方需要在两年内分三次支付折价款：
第一次，在办理离婚手续当天支付10万元；
第二次，截止到当年12月31日前支付10万元；
第三次，截止到次年12月31日前支付15万元。
如果女方延迟支付，每逾期一天需要支付逾期违约金，金额为逾期支付数额的万分之五。男方有责任配合女方办理贷款人和产权转移手续。如果因为男方不配合而给女方造成损失，男方需要双倍赔偿。
房屋内的家电和家具等物品，双方同意以2万元的价格出售给女方，女方需要支付1万元给男方。
三、关于债务的分担
夫妻之间没有共同的债权和债务。
四、关于子女抚养权的行使方式
儿子_____将由女方抚养，男方每月需要支付抚养费用（包括生活费、教育费和医疗费）500元，需要在每月10号之前支付清。直到孩子完成高中教育为止。高中教育阶段之后的费用将由双方重新协商。
五、关于子女探视权的行使方式作者：孤城
IT 之家 8 月 4 日消息根据博板堂的消息，英伟达 RTX2070 系列老芯片要复产，不久后将重新上市销售。
上个月，英伟达更新了 RTX super 系列显卡，由于 RTX 2060 super 与 RTX 2070 的性能接近，英伟达砍掉了 RTX 2070。
现在，根据爆料消息，由于英伟达剩余 RTX2070 芯片部分库存，英伟达建议各 AIC 品牌商协助清库，重新复产市场销售，填补 2900-3400 区间价位卡。其定价将介于 2060SUPER-2070SUPER 之间，预计到货时间 8 月中下旬左右，部分品牌均会到货。
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IT之家Beyaz bir Amerikalı olarak, Meksikalı bir kızla çıkmak hakkında ne bilmem gerek. Birçok şey duydum, ama doğru olup olmadığından emin değilim. Çekirdek
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anket: iki milyon anket: şu an sitede: aktif web sitesi: giriş - düşünebiliyor musun, böyle bir arsızlık. Beş yıl yazdım ona aşk mektupları.- Sonra.- Sonra evlendi postacı.
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Eğer bir sürpriz etkisi, hizmetleri otomatik olarak seçilir, sizin için rastgele ile, isim, yaş veya ikamet temsil değil, önceden kamuoyuna veya konferans için, belirli bir insan söyler yaşam hakkında, davet, diğer insanlar için bir tartışma hakkındaAnket geçer yönetilir. Eğer gerekli verileri doldurmak değil, dolu veya dolu değil, istekleri reddedilir. Sadece testi geçtikten sonra kullanıcılar ile iletişim diğer üyeleri.An evaluation of the ability of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) to observe boundary layer ozone pollution across China: application to 2005–2017 ozone trends
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- Evaluation of gap-filling approaches in satellite-based daily PM2.5 prediction models Q. Xiao et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117921
- Rapid Increases in Warm-Season Surface Ozone and Resulting Health Impact in China Since 2013 X. Lu et al. 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00171
- Exploring 2016–2017 surface ozone pollution over China: source contributions and meteorological influences X. Lu et al. 10.5194/acp-19-8339-2019
- Local and synoptic meteorological influences on daily variability in summertime surface ozone in eastern China H. Han et al. 10.5194/acp-20-203-2020
- Increases in surface ozone pollution in China from 2013 to 2019: anthropogenic and meteorological influences K. Li et al. 10.5194/acp-20-11423-2020
- Detectability assessment of a satellite sensor for lower tropospheric ozone responses to its precursors emission changes in East Asian summer M. Kajino et al. 10.1038/s41598-019-55759-7
- Spatio-temporal variations and trends of major air pollutants in China during 2015–2018 K. Maji & C. Sarkar 10.1007/s11356-020-09646-8
- Spatiotemporal distributions of surface ozone levels in China from 2005 to 2017: A machine learning approach R. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105823
- Multi-decadal surface ozone trends at globally distributed remote locations O. Cooper et al. 10.1525/elementa.420
- Impacts of climate anomalies on the interannual and interdecadal variability of autumn and winter haze in North China: A review J. Wang et al. 10.1002/joc.6471
- A Stratospheric Intrusion-Influenced Ozone Pollution Episode Associated with an Intense Horizontal-Trough Event Y. Wang et al. 10.3390/atmos11020164
- Real-time source contribution analysis of ambient ozone using an enhanced meta-modeling approach over the Pearl River Delta Region of China T. Fang et al. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110650
Latest update: 28 Feb 2021نوشته های مشابه
منطق حلقه را ببینید.با بر هم زدن نظم مانع سخنرانی می شوند. این رفتارها را فقط در فرقه حلقه می توانید ببینید.
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31 فروردین 1396
مناظره فلاورجان؛ آیا اگر یک پزشک آتئیست یا شیطان پرست شما را درمان کرد شما باید آتئیست و شیطان پرست بشوید؟
27 اردیبهشت 1396李士奇1917年出生于河南省伊川县府店镇，先后就读于洛阳师范附小和开封省立一中。 1938年8月赴延安抗日军政大学学习，同年加入中国共产党。抗日战争时期历任山东纵队特务营政治指导员、分支书记，鲁中军区司令部参谋、作战股长、作战科副科长等职，参加了鲁中孙祖战斗、攻打沂水城和葛庄战斗。 解放战争时期，历任鲁中军区暨第三野战军地第八纵队司令部作战科长、参谋主任，第26军78师参谋长等职，参加了鲁南、莱芜、孟良崮、洛阳、开封、睢杞战役和淮海战役、渡江战役和上海战役。 1950年初，调北京总参武官训练班学习。抗美援朝初期在朝鲜人民军第一军团工作，后任志愿军司令部情报侦察处副处长，参加了开城谈判。回国后任总参情报部部队侦察处（二处）副处长、处长。 1954年任中国驻巴基斯坦大使馆参赞，1955年被授予上校军衔，1961年晋升大校军衔，1971年任总参情报部局长，1977年任南京外国语学院副校长，1982年任总参情报部顾问，1984年离休。荣获中华人民共和国三级独立自由勋章、二级解放勋章。The management of transmission between two devices such as nodes in a network or between the CPU and peripheral devices. It provides notification to the sending device to slow down or speed up data transmission or data transfer due to the receiving device's current ability to keep up with it. Flow control also enables slower-speed devices to communicate with higher-speed ones and vice versa. See xon-xoff
In programming, the if-then and loop statements that make up the program's logic.Per invecchiare meglio - Estratto dal libro "Brain Power"
di Michael J. Gelb, Kelly Howell 1 anno fa
Leggi l'introduzione del libro di Michael J. Gelb e Kelly Howell e scopri come potenziare il tuo cervello e renderlo performante al massimo ad ogni età
Chi sono i tuoi modelli di riferimento, quando pensi all'invecchiamento? Che aspettative hai sui progressi che può fare la tua mente con il passare degli anni? Qual è il tuo atteggiamento al riguardo? Ti aspetti che tra vent'anni la tua memoria sarà peggiore o migliore? E la tua vita sessuale? Quali sono le tue paure, le preoccupazioni e le ansie sull'invecchiare? Speri che qualcuno inventi l'equivalente del Viagra per la mente?
Negli ultimi trent'anni, la mole di ricerche scientifiche che dimostrano che, con il passare del tempo, le capacità intellettive possono aumentare, è diventata impressionante. Chiaramente, la domanda non è più se la mente può migliorare con l'aumentare dell'età, ma come sfruttare al massimo le sue capacità invecchiando.
Questo libro risponde alla domanda offrendo consigli saggi, pratici e basati su prove scientifiche. Imparerai nuovi metodi per migliorare la memoria, l'intelligenza, la creatività e la concentrazione. Inoltre, scoprendo che puoi invecchiare e al contempo migliorare le capacità intellettuali, acquisirai maggior sicurezza e un sano ottimismo.
Abbiamo intervistato i più grandi esperti, tra cui medici, gerontologi e neuroscienziati e abbiamo studiato i comportamenti di uomini e donne che incarnano il prototipo di una vecchiaia piena di salute. Il nostro approccio non si basa soltanto su teorie scientifiche e ricerche accademiche: noi applichiamo nel concreto tutto ciò che consigliamo in queste pagine. E ti guideremo a fare lo stesso, in modo che tu possa
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the younger demons seized upon him, and began to toss him from one to another like a ball, sometimes from one side of the room to the other, and sometimes up to the ceiling.
The boy begged them to let him rest a little, and presently they allowed him to do so. Then he drew a cord from his pocket, and pretended to measure the length and breadth of the room. Presently he came to the door, and seized the opportunity to bolt, and was fortunate enough to make his way back to daylight, where the demon had no more power to interfere with him.
As he passed the gates, the guards whispered to him to turn to the right to avoid the many snares in his path. He did not escape without a good fright; for only strong men can go where they please, like the birds, while the weak man is exposed to a thousand terrors. On the boy’s way he met a small bitch1 accompanied by two puppies; and this was the mother of the demons, just returning from the bath-house. The boy now remembered the warning he had received, and turned aside to the right, and the three ran past without noticing him.
When the boy reached the place where he had left the Alevide, he found that both his friend and the money had disappeared. Presently the water-demon came up, and asked him jestingly whether he had burnt himself, or whether he had been stung by a gadfly, that he ran away like that, instead of helping him to carry the heavy money-bags. He then proposed that they should look for a good place where they might wrestle. He thought he could easily overcome the boy by strength, if not by craft, and the boy consented.
Before they had gone far, they met the sons of Kalev and Alev, who had hidden their treasure, walking arm-in-arm. The Kalevide asked, “Whence did you bring that Lettish comrade, and to what queer race does he belong?” His cousin answered that he was the same who had promised to fill his hat with silver, and hadn’t kept his word. Then the boy said that they were going to engage in a contest, and the Kalevide answered, “You must grow a little taller, my lad, before you engage in a serious struggle, for you are only a child at present.”
So the Kalevide, laughing, stuck the boy in his trouser-pocket to grow, and took over the challenge himself, and they all went to a mountain where the contest was to take place; and first they began with hurling stones. The demon took up a rock, which he balanced for an hour in his clumsy fingers, and at last swung it round more than ten times before he loosed it. The stone fell ten paces from the sandy shore of Lake Virts, and it lies there now, conspicuous by its size, for it is at least as big as a bath-house.
Then the Kalevide took up a rock in his hand, and threw it without more ado. They heard it rushing through the air for a long time, and at p. 70 last it fell on the shore of Lake Peipus, and anyone who visits the lake can see it there. Then they engaged in a wrestling match, and the Kalevide soon lifted the demon from his feet and flung him into the air. When he came to the ground, he rolled seven versts, and then fell down a little hill among the bushes, where he lay stunned for seven days, hardly able to open his eyes or lift his head, or even to move a limb.
At this the Kalevide and his companions laughed till the hills shook, and the cup-bearer loudest of all. Then the Alevide told his story; but when he came to mention the proverb, it reminded the son of Kalev that he had not yet paid the debt which he owed to the smith in Finland for his sword. So the Kalevide asked his cousin to take the goods across to Finland, and he himself laid down to rest under a tree, and pondered on how he could provide for the safety of the people during the war. He decided to improve and beautify the towns as well as to fortify them, and to make an excursion to survey the country while his cousin was away in Finland. Presently the Kalevide felt in his pocket, and pulled out the boy, with whom he began to jest; but soon their conversation became more serious, p. 71 and the Kalevide ordered him to wait for the expected messengers, while he himself should proceed to Lake Peipus, where he had important business.
As the Kalevide proceeded on his journey, he passed a well in a lonely place, where the Air-Maiden,1 the fair daughter of the Thunder-God, sat bewailing the loss of her ring, which had dropped into it.2 When the hero saw the blue-eyed, golden-haired maiden in tears, he asked the cause of her trouble, and when he heard it he plunged into the well to look for the ring. A party of young sorcerers quickly gathered round, thinking that the mouse was in the trap, and they flung a great millstone after him. But he searched in the mud and water for some time, and presently sprang out of the water with the millstone on his finger, which he offered to the maiden, saying that he had not been able to find anything else in the mud, and that she would not need a larger finger-ring.
1 The Esthonian demons are often represented as contemptible creatures, very easily outwitted. Later in the present canto the personage in question is distinctly called a water-demon.
1 A common proverb in Esthonian tales. We also find it in Italian, in almost the same words.
2 The money is sometimes called roubles, and sometimes thalers.
1 Visits to Hades or Hell (Pōrgu) are common in the Kalevipoeg and in the popular tales, some of which we shall afterwards notice.
1 The term “Lett,” which the Kalevide himself afterwards applies to the demon, seems to be used in contempt; otherwise the passage in the text might have been taken as equivalent to our old-fashioned expression, “It’s all Greek to me.”
1 Usually the devil’s mother (or grandmother) is represented as a white mare. Compare Canto 14 of the Kalivepoeg, and also the story of the Grateful Prince.
1 This Air-Maiden, who seems to be only a mischievous sprite, must not be confounded with Ilmatar, the creatrix of the world in the first Runo of the Kalevala.
2 Finn, the Irish hero, was once entrapped by a sorceress on a similar pretext into plunging into an enchanted lake, which changed him into an old man. (See Joyce’s Old Celtic Romances, “The Chase of Slieve Cullin.”) The story is also related in one of Kenealy’s ballads.presentato il 20/12/2012 in X Industria, commercio, turismo del Senato da Francesco FERRANTE (PD) e altri 1 cofirmatari ... [ apri chiudi ]
testo emendamento del 20/12/12
Sostituire il comma 4, con il seguente:
«4. Le disposizioni di cui al comma 1 trovano applicazione anche quando l'autorità giudiziaria abbia adottato provvedimenti di sequestro sui beni dell'impresa titolare dello stabilimento. In tale caso i provvedimenti di sequestro non impediscono, nel corso del periodo di tempo indicato nell'autorizzazione, l'esercizio dell'attività d'impresa a norma del comma 1. L'autorizzazione alla prosecuzione dell'attività è immediatamente revocata in presenza di ritardi sugli adempimenti. Nel reimmettere il titolare dell'impresa nell'esercizio dell'attività l'autorità giudiziaria applica comunque l'articolo 85 codice procedura penale indipendentemente dal consenso dell'interessato».Nuova azione di guerra decisa dal governo di Tel Aviv
Israele bombarda la Siria, ignoto il numero dei morti
17/03/2017, 18:17
TEL AVIV (ISRAELE) - Continuano gli attacchi aerei di Israele contro i Paesi vicini. Questa volta, secondo quanto riporta Ynet, gli aerei israeliani hanno bombardato "una fornitura di carattere strategico" diretta agli Hezbollah in Libano. In realtà, Israele raramente bombarda obiettivi puramente militari, troppo ben difesi. In questo caso invece i siriani si sono limitati a lanciare alcuni missili antiaerei di vecchio tipo, che difficilmente avrebbero raggiunto gli aerei. Ma Israele ha voluto comunque testare sul campo, per la prima volta, i missili antiaerei Arrow-3. Si tratta dell'ultima evoluzione di un tipo di missili costruiti per la prima volta negli anni '80; solo che quelli attuali dovrebbero essere in grado di intercettare anche un missile balistico (cosa resa difficile dal fatto che arrivano a velocità che arrivano anche a mach 20).
Succssivamente il governo siriano ha detto che gli israeliani hanno tentato un nuovo attacco aereo, ma le difese siriane li hanno respinti, abbattendo un aereo e danneggiandone un altro.ابلاغ آییننامه حمایت بیمهای از مادران خانهدار دارای سه فرزند و پاداش به مشترکین کم مصرف آب
معاون اول رئیسجمهور آییننامه اجرایی حمایت بیمهای از مادران غیرشاغل خانهدار دارای سه فرزند و بیشتر ساکن مناطق روستایی و عشایری را ابلاغ کرد.
به گزارش پایگاه اطلاع رسانی دیارمیرزا به نقل از مهر، محمد مخبر معاون اول رئیس جمهور، تصویبنامه هیئت وزیران در خصوص «آئین نامه اجرایی حمایت بیمهای از مادران غیر شاغل خانه دار دارای سه فرزند و بیشتر ساکن مناطق روستایی و عشایری» را که به پیشنهاد وزارت تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی و به استناد ماده (۲۱) قانون حمایت از خانواده و جوانی جمعیت مصوب ۱۴۰۰ تصویب شده بود؛ جهت اجرا به وزارت تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی، سازمان برنامه و بودجه کشور، سازمان ثبت احوال کشور و معاونت رئیس جمهور در امور زنان و خانواده ابلاغ کرد.
به موجب این آئیننامه، دولت مکلف است با تقویت صندوق بیمه اجتماعی کشاورزان، روستاییان و عشایر نسبت به بیمه مادران خانه دار دارای سه فرزند و بیشتر در صورتی که مادر غیر شاغل بوده و شرایط احراز مفاد آئین نامه را دارا باشد، اقدام نماید.
همچنین معاون اول رئیسجمهور تصویبنامه هیئتوزیران به منظور ایجاد امکان اعمال مشوقهای مدیریت مصرف و اختصاص پاداش به مشترکین کم مصرف آب را ابلاغ کرد.
محمد مخبر معاون اول رئیس جمهور، تصویب نامه هیئت وزیران به منظور ایجاد امکان اعمال مشوقهای مدیریت مصرف و با هدف تسهیل تأمین و توزیع آب و همچنین افزایش مشارکت مشترکین آب شرب کشور در رعایت الگوی مصرف را که به وزارت نیرو و به استناد اصل یکصد و سی و هشتم قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران تصویب شده بود؛ جهت اجرا به وزارت نیرو ابلاغ کرد.
وزارت نیرو مکلف در شهرهای دارای تنش آبی و یا شهرهایی دچار وضعیت بحرانی است، به مشترکین خانگی که مصرف آب آنها در حد الگوی مصرف و پایینتر از آن هست و مصرف آب خود را نسبت به دوره مشابه سال قبل کاهش میدهند به میزان کاهش مصرف آب نسبت به الگوی مصرف یا مصرف دوره مشابه سال قبل (هر کدام کمتر باشد)، پاداش صرفه جویی معادل درصدی از قیمت غیر یارانه ای آب پرداخت نماید.
گفتنی است نرخ پاداش در ابتدای هر سال توسط وزارت نیرو تعیین و ابلاغ میشود.
دیدگاهWhile it's easy to imagine this kind of process being labeled as a bunch of new age science fiction, hydroponics has actually been in use for thousands of years. The famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, are largely believed to have functioned according to hydroponic principles. Built around 600 B.C. in Babylonia, or Mesopotamia, the gardens were situated along the Euphrates River. The area suffered from a dry, arid climate that rarely saw rain, and it's believed that the lush gardens were watered using a chain pull system, which carried water up from the river and allowed it to trickle down to each step or landing of the garden structure.
During the 10th and 11th centuries, the Aztecs developed a system of floating gardens based on hydroponics. Driven out of their land, they settled at Lake Tenochtitlan. Unable to grow crops on the lake's marshy shore, they built rafts out of reeds and roots. These rafts were topped with a bit of soil from the bottom of the lake, and then floated out to the center of the water. Crops would grow on top of the rafts, their roots reaching through the rafts and down into the water. Marco Polo's writings indicate he witnessed similar floating gardens while visiting China in the late 13th century [source: Indianetzone.com].
Formal research and publications on hydroponics didn't begin until the 17th century. Sir Francis Bacon, a British scientist, philosopher and politician did research on soil-less gardening in the 1620s. His work on the subject was published posthumously in 1627 and sparked an incredible wave of research into hydroponics.
In 1699, another English scientist, John Woodward, performed tests involving spearmint growth in various water solutions. He attempted to grow spearmint plants in rain water, river water and water that had been mixed with soil and then drained. He found that the mint grew faster and produced healthier plants in the water solution that had been mixed with soil. His conclusion was that plants would grow better in less pure water than they would in distilled water. We know today that his results were due to minerals that remained in the water after it had been mixed with the soil [source: Glass].
A Berkeley scientist, William Gericke, promoted the use of hydroponics in commercial agriculture. Using a process he called "aquaculture," he touted the benefits of soil-less gardening by growing massive tomatoes in his home via water and nutrient solutions. After finding that the term "aquaculture" was already being used to describe the study of aquatic organisms, he coined the term "hydroponics," which we still use today [source: Jensen].
Two other Berkeley scientists, Dennis Hoagland and Daniel Arnon, later expanded upon Gericke's research. In 1938, they published "The Water Culture Method for Growing Plants without Soil," which is widely considered to be one of the most important texts ever published about hydroponics. Several of the nutrient solutions they developed are still used today.
According to a 1938 Time magazine article, one of the first commercial uses of hydroponics occurred during this period based on the research taking place at Berkeley. Tanks of mineralized water were used to grow beans, tomatoes, and vegetables on tiny Wake Island, a small piece of land in the Pacific Ocean. This island was used as a refueling stop for Pan-Am Airways, and the food grown there was used successfully to feed the airline's staff and crew. Similar situations occurred during World War II, as hydroponics was used to grow crops for troops on barren Pacific Islands [source: Time Magazine].Martha Nussbaum’s Political Emotions: Why Love Matters for Justice argues for the critical role of sentiment in the shaping of a just society, and the importance of consciously constructed public emotions. Patriotism—frequently maligned and easily abused—is key to Nussbaum’s study, throughout which she turns to leaders such as Lincoln, Gandhi, Tagore, Nehru, and Martin Luther King Jr. for insight into the cultivation of healthy political emotion. In the excerpt below, Nussbaum details the ways in which King’s “I Have a Dream” speech builds a national identity from materials “made available by history and memory,” inspiring love through reliance on songs, symbols, and rhetoric.
The Emancipation Proclamation was signed in 1863. One hundred years later, its promise had not been fulfilled. Martin Luther King Jr.’s great “I Have a Dream” speech, delivered in Washington, D.C., on August 28, 1963, is another formative document of American education, and all young Americans have heard it thousands of times, recited in the moving cadences of King’s extraordinary voice on the national holiday that honors him. Nobody could doubt that it is a masterpiece of rhetoric, and that its achievements go well beyond the abstract sentiments that it conveys. Its soaring images of freedom and revelation, its musical cadences, all give the general ideas of freedom, dignity, inclusion, and nonviolence wings, so to speak, making real people embrace them as ideals because of the way in which it cannily gets them to think of these notions as about them and their own.
Let us now examine the way in which King appeals to the history and traditions of the nation, constructing sentiments connected to an idea of America that is, once again, critical and interpretive, bringing forward valuable general ideals from the past and using them to find fault with an unjust reality:
Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. . . .
But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. . . . And so we’ve come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.
In a sense we’ve come to our nation’s capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the “inalienable Rights” of “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked “insufficient funds.”
But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. . . .
But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.
[After the prophetic “I have
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SQL-like interface, widely used to query data stored in databases.
Hive has a benefit of disposing of rapid fast data reads and writes in the data warehouse along with manipulating massive datasets scattered across multiple locations. This is because of its unique SQL-like features. Hive implements a pattern to the data that previously collected in the database. Users can utilize the command-line tool and a JDBC driver to connect with Hive.
Hive is a much-demanded profession to learn to put forward in the Big Data Hadoop environment. Nowadays, most businesses are searching for professionals with expert skills to analyze and to query vast heaps of data. Therefore, learning Hive will pave your way to drive the highest salaries in one of the top organizations around the globe.Sartre did use the expression "existence precedes essence" as a motto, but his implied critical target was not Aristotle's general essence theory. It was, rather, the specific idea of human nature. Sartre's expression was meant to express the existentialist stand, that a human being's way in life is not chosen for him in advance, by his own nature or origin. That one has to choose one's way, and that one is free to do so.
What do we mean by saying that existence precedes essence? We mean that man first of all exists, encounters himself, surges up in the world – and defines himself afterwards. If man as the existentialist sees him is not definable, it is because to begin with he is nothing. He will not be anything until later, and then he will be what he makes of himself. Thus, there is no human nature, because there is no God to have a conception of it. Man simply is. (Existentialism is Humanism)
The order of Descartes's Cogito
(I think, I exist) was epistemological, and Sartre did not challenge it as such. What Sartre did challenge, was Descartes's Cogito-related metaphysical conclusion that the I was a thinking substance.
The I that appears on the horizon of the 'I think' is not given as a producer of conscious spontaneity. Consciousness is produced over against it and moves towards it, comes to meet it. This is all that can be said. (The Transcendence of the Ego)
Descartes did not challenge Aristotle's category theory, i.e. the division of all entities into substances, essential properties (attributes) and accidental properties (modes). But he strayed from Aristotle's metaphysics in many other ways. For example, concerning which entities were the substances.
Sartre is usually thought to be following in Heidegger's footsteps, not the other way around. Heidegger
held a principle similar to "existence precedes essence", but he resisted Sartre's interpretation that existentialism was therefore "humanist" i.e. human-individual-centered.Invention licensing occurs when a company or individual agrees to pay you for permission to make, market and distribute your invention. The amount and terms of payment vary.
A company or individual will be interested in licensing your invention if they can see a potential profit.
There are a number of factors that are considered when determining profitability.
The basic consideration is whether your invention can be manufactured and marketed at a cost, and sold in sufficient volume for a price, that will generate a desired profit.
Most inventions are not commercially successful. It is less than 10% of patents. Among inventors who are successful, invention licensing represents less than 1% of patents.
The statistics are not encouraging.
Fiction & Facts
The failure rate is not entirely related to the inventions. It is best summarized by Ralph Waldo Emerson who said -
"Build a better mousetrap and the world will beat a path to your door."
Emerson was a literary scholar but he was not an inventor nor was he involved in invention licensing. The world does not beat a path to your door.
The world will only come to your door when your path is paved in gold - and that requires a bit of work.
You will need to convince others of the profitability of your invention. If you can do that - by using various tools - then your chances for licensing are far greater.
Not every potential licensing situation is the same and different strategies are used depending on the situation.
Words of Wisdom
"A famous quotation stated that if you build a better mousetrap, the world will beat a path to your door. That is not true, unless you are a good salesman as well as a good inventor" - Marcian (Ted) Hoff, inventor of the microprocessor.When it comes to content distribution and publishing, there are plenty of types. Original, relevant content is valuable to Google. Paid content may get more reach to your audience. There is also the phenomenon of blurred, sponsored content: a.k.a. ‘native advertising’.
What is native advertising?
It’s a form of paid media where the “advertisement” mimics the natural form and function of other organic pieces of content surrounding it.
Native ads were developed to make paid advertising feel less intrusive and increase the likelihood that users will click on it. Native ads today appear nestled within content on websites.
There’s a long history of advertising in both print and digital formats. Recently, the advertising that we’re all familiar with such as banner ads, billboards and the like have lost trust with consumers. Because of lawsuits, deception and misleading information, the Federal Trade Commission has created rules and regulations for advertising that all paid-for content must abide by, simplified here:
1) Unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce are hereby declared unlawful.
2) An act or practice is deceptive if it’s likely to mislead consumers who are acting reasonably under the circumstances and it would be material to influence their decision to buy the product.
Some would argue that native advertising is just advertising that deceptively mimics a news format. The FTC has guarded against this notion by stating in its laws that it is deceptive to publish an ad in news format without disclosing that it is such.
So, every native ad must have a disclosure somewhere, stating that it is a form of advertising. FTC endorsement guides also state that, where there exists a connection between the endorser and the seller of the product, the connection must be fully disclosed.
Advertising and search engines
With a recent resurgence in digital advertising, paid search results have become less distinguishable as ads. However, consumers expect that natural results are included and not based on payment. According to FTC rules, consumers should be able to easily distinguish natural search results from ads – thus, the ads you see today that are in a yellow box, or text that is in a different font or color. The FTC advises brands to review their sites to make sure they clearly disclose ads, in order to avoid penalties.
The wall between editorial and advertising
Historically, both the ad industry and news organizations have self-regulated to prevent deceptive advertising, partly as an business strategy and partly to avoid being regulated by government. In journalism, sustaining trust and loyalty (rather than advertising interest) is key to bringing in subscription revenue.
News organizations in legacy media (such as newspapers and magazine), are economically dependent on ads and have seen alarming declines in their economic situation. These outlets initially believed that building large online presences would attract more ad revenue – but it hasn’t happened.
In legacy media, advertisers have to buy the entire audience to be effective. Sites like Google, Facebook and Twitter are more effective at targeted ad delivery and have a larger distribution than news sites. Google alone is on track to surpass the entire newspaper industry in ad revenue in the next few years. A fact that many people are unaware of within the whole advertising conversation is that fewer than half of news entities are operating profitably online.
Native advertising’s mainstream nature today is the topic of much conversation. We’ll bring you more details on how news outlets are using this kind of advertising and its effectiveness in our next post on the topic.
Information adapted from “Blurred Lines: Advertising or Content? A Workshop on Native Advertising” which we attended on December 4, 2013 at the FTC in Washington D.C.
(Photo Credit, Flickr Creative Commons: misteraitch)در طول روز برای کودک آواز بخوانید و با عروسک های انگشتی نمایش اجرا کنید. این کارها به یادگیری کلمات و تقویت حافظه او کمک می کند. هنگامی که برای فرزندتان شعر می خوانید سعی کنید برای تکمیل قافیه ها از او کمک بخواهید.
امتناع از غذا خوردن یکی از نخستین راه هایی است که کودکان خردسال زور آزمایی می کنند و حس استقلال خواهی خود را به نمایش می گذارند. آن ها خیلی زود می فهمند که چقدر بازی دادن شما هنگام غذا آسان است. در واقع درگیری های هنگام غذا خوردن اغلب یکی از بدترین عوامل استرس زا برای آن هایی است که تازه پدر یا مادر شده اند.The audio engineer (also known as a recording engineer or sound engineer) sets up, operates, and maintains a wide array of electronic and electrical equipment involved in TV or radio broadcasts, concerts, plays, musical records, or film. The main concern for an audio engineer is the successful transfer of a live performance into a high-quality recording through careful set-up and close monitoring. Audio engineers will work with artists, producers, and directors during a recording session to check levels, balance, and blend. Many audio engineers are musicians themselves, with a strong understanding of how to capture the sound of individual instruments and voices so that they all shine together. Audio engineers often manipulate the recordings once they are made, polishing and perfecting them through the console. Many audio engineers work outside the studio as well, serving as field engineers or specializing in sound reinforcement or acoustical consultation.
Sound technicians are the go-to people for managing electrical equipment and tools. This is a hands-on, tech-heavy job that can give you great variety in terms of workplace. Sound technicians are needed in every type of entertainment from TV, film, musical recording, and radio to sporting events, speeches, concerts, and theater. Sound technicians prepare acoustical spaces, setting up and testing complex systems of microphones, speakers, and amps so that every word said or note played rings true. They also install, repair, and maintain recording equipment, and sometimes work with consoles, too, to assure a smooth transfer of live performance into clear recording. The duties of a sound technician can vary depending on the place of employment, but they are often at work in the field, whether that means checking systems, running gigs, or advising on the best equipment to use at a given venue.
Broadcast engineers oversee, operate, maintain, and update the hardware and broadcast systems used in the production of television, radio, podcasts, etc. They may work in television or radio stations, helping to produce content in-studio or managing live material as it is transmitted to the studio (or sent directly to a show as a live feed!). They assure that programs are clearly broadcast at their scheduled times, attending to any interference that may occur and neutralizing it. They may be required to install, monitor, and repair both hardware and software, and even to design audiovisual circuits for custom purposes. It is important for broadcast engineers to keep up-to-date with the industry so that they can bring the latest and greatest strategies to the workplace, making this a great position for those that love learning about and implementing new technologies.
Mix engineers do everything from finalizing records for bands to adding laugh-tracks to sitcoms. All the tracks from a recording session, or series of sessions, end up in the hands of a mix engineer, who typically works with a console to find balance amongst all the elements, to decide on pan positioning, and to adjust things like tempo, reverb, and so on. Whatever the project, the task is to blend all the various individual elements of a recording into a final, polished product that’s ready for mastering. Mix engineers work very closely with performers and producers, advising and helping them to achieve their vision – because ultimately the mix engineers are in control of the overall sound of the final recording! They are key players in the recording process, and they use a wide variety of recording systems and equipment to create the perfect sound for their clients. It’s a creatively demanding job that requires a great deal of expertise and care, but it is also a deeply rewarding role that calls on your own imagination and style.
Sound designers typically work in theater, film, and television to create soundtracks and soundscapes that accompany and complement the action. Sometimes designers are called in once a project (like a short film or a commercial) is finished, and they do all of their magic in post-production, but when working with live performance, sound designers are involved throughout the process, working with the director and other designers to produce a cohesive piece. Apart from technical skill in creating sound effects, musical scores, and atmospheric sounds to suit the dialogue and plot of a show, good communication skills are crucial for sound designers: they must work with Foley artists, ADR editors, re-recording mixers, and many others to shape and perfect the final soundtrack. Lots of script analysis goes into navigating the needs of each design. Sound designers analyze where, when, and how the sound cues are to be implemented, and because sound designers make many creative decisions on a project, they have a great deal of impact on the “feel” of the finished product.
The re-recording mixer is the person in charge of taking all the elements of a sound design and mixing them into a balanced soundtrack. They work with the dialogue tracks, ADR tracks, Foley and sound effects, atmospheres, and music to create realistic and effective soundscapes for film, television, commercials, etc. They balance volumes and equalize dialogue, implement cross fades and adjust the background music for dramatic effect. One important part of the re-recording mixer’s job is to make sure that sound effects and music never distract from the project itself, keeping levels appropriate throughout the action. Sometimes re-recording mixers are asked to create rough cuts of the soundtrack for test screenings of a film or show. Once all edits have been made to the footage, the re-recording mixer is able to go back into the rough cut of the soundtrack and modify it (incorporating new effects or dialogue as needed) so that the finalized, polished soundtrack can be mixed. Re-recording mixers need good communication skills as they often work in a team of artists and editors, and it is up to them to balance not only the sound itself, but also the vision of the group.
Foley artists recreate specific audio effects for films. Set recordings do not always capture each individual sound, so Foley artists are responsible for remaking minor sounds in a scene to maintain authenticity. They are not involved in standard special effects, like crashes and explosions. Instead, they focus on the sound of footsteps, or a creaking swing. Foley artists might even work on the removal of certain sounds in a scene, like a barking dog. These artists are crucial to the overall auditory experience of a film.
Acoustic engineers are audio engineers that specialize in acoustics, dealing with sound and vibration. These engineers are in charge of controlling sound levels in a designated area. They reduce unnecessary sounds and help enhance those that are desired. Acoustic engineers can work in a variety of settings. Some may work in audio engineering, designing systems for sound, while others may work in architecture, constructing performance spaces and studios. Technical and mechanical skills are needed for this position.
If you are interested in the gaming industry, becoming an audio programmer might be a great fit with a recording arts education. Audio programmers process the sound effects and music for a game. They are accountable for how a game sounds. Working closely with the audio and software department, audio programmers must be able to enhance the experience for gamers with appropriate music and audio effects.
Music producers oversee all aspects of the recording process of an artist. They are greatly involved with writing, producing, and arranging the music. This position is very competitive and has the potential to be very rewarding, both financially and creatively. Most music producers have a background in recording arts, and a majority of them start out in home studios. As a music producer, you have the power to directly influence an artist’s sound and feel. You have the chance to generate album and song ideas, coach artists during the recording session, and even direct the audio engineers in the mixing stage.
A Mastering Engineer balances the frequency spectrum of a song and adjusts the dynamics to sound consistent across audio systems. Mastering adds clarity and depth to the mix. This is the most crucial step in getting the perfect sound that musicians aspire for. Masteringis the endingstep to polish mixed music.
Location Sound Mixers are responsible for recording all sound during production on a film or television set. They place microphones, choose recording media, and mix audio signals in real time.
Boom Operators position microphones to capture the best quality of dialogue and sound effects. They do this by fitting lavalier microphones to artists, placing microphones appropriately for shots, and operating a boom microphone. They are responsible for the upkeep of sound equipment on a set.We would like to provide you with some ideas on how to use this learning resource in different settings and for different target groups.
Training employees in industry
- Initially, let the employees individually describe their system for driving pigs to stunning and give them a chance to comment on their system.
- Give them time to work on the content of this resource (preferably over one or two weeks) and to post their thoughts on the Comments page.
- Discuss how each of the driving systems (handling routines, technical solutions, aids and attitudes) can be improved.
Teaching students in higher education
- Initially, visit an abattoir and focus on pre-slaughter handling and driving to stunning (if possible give the students the task of recording the process on video).
- Give the students time to work on the content of this resource (preferably over one or two weeks) and to post their thoughts on the Comments page.
- Ask students to write a reasoned recommendation to a decision maker at a specific abattoir. The recommendation should in 300 words summarize their opinion on a specific system for driving pigs to stunning from the point of view of animal stress, animal welfare and meat quality.
- As an alternative task, ask the students to conduct a hazard identification of animal welfare problems at the local abattoir or to produce a video with an introductory text.DA OTTOBRE AL CINEMA Il letale vendicatore Venom, uno dei personaggi Marvel più enigmatici, complessi e tosti arriva sul grande schermo interpretato dall'attore candidato all'Oscar® Tom Hardy. Completano il cast Michelle Williams, Riz Ahmed, Scott Haze e Reid Scott, per la regia di Ruben Fleischer.
Abbiamo aggiornato la normativa sulla privacy. Devi accettarla per andare avanti.- Atteggiamento Positivo
Diverse circostanze vi possono far sembrare la vostra vita un vero disastro. È però importante capire che è possibile rialzarsi progressivamente grazie al pensiero positivo, ovvero imparare a prendere i vostri problemi con un atteggiamento più ottimista e produttivo. Inoltre, esistono varie strategie che possono aiutarvi a ritrovare la felicità e avere una nuova prospettiva positiva. Trasformate i vostri pensieri negativi in positivi. Nel corso della vostra giornata, provate a esaminare regolarmente i vostri pensieri. Identificate gli aspetti a cui solitamente pensate in termini negativi e trasformateli in maniera positiva. Vi sarà utile anche circondarvi di persone ottimiste, perché quelle pessimiste possono esaltare lo stress e la negatività. Se pensate che la vostra vita abbia uno scopo tendete a essere più felici rispetto a chi pensa di avere un’esistenza inutile. Vi siete mai fermati
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عادی شدن شرایط شتاب بیشتری بگیرد.
در طرف سیاست گذاری پولی انتظار می رود بانک مرکزی آمریکا به رویه کنونی خود در حفظ نرخ بهره در یکی از پایین ترین سطوح یک دهه اخیر ادامه دهد. به عقیده برخی از کارشناسان مالی، در سال آینده میلادی نیز احتمالا شاهد تغییر محسوسی در اجرای سیاست انبساطی فدرال رزرو نخواهیم بود.Decomposition | Forms and Function | Management of Soil Organic Matter | Carbon Cycle
But, what is it?
Organic matter is critical for soil health and for soil productivity. It:
Organic matter derives from the growth and death of organisms. Soil organic matter is:
Organic matter is constructed from cellulose, tannin, cutin, and lignin and various proteins, lipids and sugars. These are all based on chains of carbon molecules which mean that a measure of soil organic carbon can give an indirect measure of soil organic matter.
Decomposed organic matter has a black or dark brown colour and will darken soil colour.
How does it get into soil?
- The living component of the soil (roots, micro-organisms, animals and plants);
- Exudates from living organisms; and
- Dead, decaying and highly decomposed materials.
Plant growth is the primary source of soil organic matter. Photosynthesis converts sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into plant material. On death, the plant material is steadily decomposed and progressively incorporated into the soil.
What is its fate in soil?
Organic matter is a dynamic component of soil. Plant and animal debris is regularly added and carbon dioxide is routinely lost as soil organisms use organic matter as an energy source. This is the soil carbon cycle. If the rate of incorporation is low, or the rate of respiration is high, soil organic matter levels will decline. Thus the level of organic matter in soil is dependant on the balance between inputs and losses of soil carbon.
Soil organisms rely on organic matter as their food source. In doing this some of the carbon chains of the organic matter are converted to carbon dioxide (termed respiration). Organic matter is consequently decomposed. This process of organic matter decomposition is discussed further on following pages.
How is it measured?
The amount of organic carbon present in the soil is used to estimate organic matter. Various experiments have shown that organic matter contains about 58% carbon. On this basis, the following relationship can be used to estimate levels of organic matter.
Why does it matter to soil health?
(% by weight)
(% by weight)
The primary value of organic matter to soil health is in providing the mechanism for fuelling the soil with energy and nutrients. It provides a reservoir of metabolic energy that enables biological processes to occur.
As plant remains steadily decompose in this part of the carbon cycle, secondary benefits occur. Nutrients are mobilised, soil mixing occurs, and soil structure is improved and strengthened as decomposition products adhere to physical soil particles and build aggregation.
What options are there to change organic matter in soil?
The key to good management of soil organic matter is in the balance between decomposition rate and replenishment rate. Soil organic matter management is discussed further on following pages.
A Practical Note on soil organic matter and a Quick Reference Guide on how to measure Active Carbon in your soil are available.
|Practical Note: Soil Organic Matter|
Soil organic matter (SOM) is made up of living plants and animals (roots, fungi, bacteria, macro fauna and micro fauna), plant litter, and all the degraded material from decomposing plant and animal material.
|Quick Reference Guide: Potassium Permanganate Test for Active Carbon|
Active carbon is an indicator of the fraction of soil organic matter that is readily available as a carbon and energy source for the soil microbial community (i.e., food for the soil food web). The soil is mixed with potassium permanganate (deep purple in colour) and as it oxidizes the active carbon the colour changes (becomes less purple), which can be observed visually, but is very accurately measured with a spectrophotometer.
Chi è che avanza, avanza, avanza in
linea dritta per arrivare alla sospirata
trasformazione in Regina ed alla cattura del Re?
Un pedone di scacchi, direte voi... No, Sir! Si
tratta di S.A.R. la Duchessa di Cornovaglia Rosemary
Parker Bowles Shand Mountbatten-Windsor, che però
tutti chiamano Camilla. La moglie dell'orecchiuto,
per intenderci.
A parte il fatto che queste fesserie sulla monarchia
ormai fanno ridere i polli (anche quelli
infetti...), la nostra (si fa per dire) Camilla ha
evidentemente bisogno di qualche intervento di
chirurgia estetica se vuole assomigliare, anche
minimamente, alla rimpianta Lady D. Ebbene, tu puoi
farlo! Basta che clicchi con il tuo mouse su un
punto qualunque del suo viso e poi trascini il mouse
stesso, lasciando il tasto abbassato.
Puoi così imbellire un viso che prima o poi finirà
sui francobolli britannici...Top story
Volvo venderà software per la guida autonoma
Volvo ha creato una joint venture con Autoliv per sviluppare software per la guida autonoma da rivendere anche ad altre aziende automobilistiche.
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L’azienda automobilistica Volvo e la società Autoliv hanno annunciato che formeranno una joint venture per sviluppare un software per le auto a guida autonoma visto il grande interesse che gravita verso questo settore con le altre azienda automobilistiche che fanno a gara per realizzare modelli di auto basate su questa piattaforma avanzata. Le due società impiegheranno inizialmente 200 lavoratori in questo progetto ma nel medio termine questo numero potrebbe aumentare sino a 600.
La joint venture, che avrà sede a Goteborg, in Svezia, il cui nome deve essere ancora definito, svilupperà sistemi avanzati di assistenza alla guida che saranno implementati sulle auto della Volvo. Tuttavia, la tecnologia che sarà sviluppata dalla joint venture sarà, anche, offerta agli altri costruttori di auto attraverso Autoliv con gli eventuali guadagni che verrebbero suddivisi tra le due società. L’amministratore delegato di Volvo, Hakan Samuelsson, sottolinea che mettendo insieme il know-how e le risorse delle due società sarà possibile creare un nuovo leader del mercato nella realizzazione di software per la guida autonoma. Questo significa poter sviluppare più rapidamente soluzioni da offrire alla clientela.
La collaborazione tra Autoliv e Volvo e l’ultimo passo della società automobilistica svedese verso il settore delle auto a guida autonoma verso cui tutti i produttori di auto stanno puntando.
Il mese scorso, Volvo ha accettato un’alleanza con Uber per sviluppare auto a guida autonoma. Volvo ha anche detto che assumerà circa 400 ingegneri nel corso del prossimo anno per sostenere lo sviluppo soprattutto nel software. I primi frutti della joint venture dovrebbero venire alla luce nel 2019.Oggi abbiamo una storia su una delle vitamine più popolari e allegre: la VITAMINA C!
La vitamina C fu isolata per la prima volta nella sua forma pura nel 1928 dallo scienziato ungherese Albert Szent-Györgyi, e nel 1932 fu dimostrato che era l'assenza di acido ascorbico nel cibo umano a causare lo scorbuto.
Da qui il nome della vitamina C - acido ascorbico (da greco á - "non" + lat. scorbutus "scorbuto").
La pelle normale contiene alte concentrazioni di vitamina C, che supporta le funzioni essenziali della pelle, stimola la sintesi del collagene e fornisce una protezione antiossidante contro il fotodanneggiamento indotto dai raggi UV.
Con una carenza di vitamina C, puoi osservare conseguenze negative come:
- scarsa guarigione della ferita associata a insufficiente formazione di collagene;
- ispessimento dello strato corneo e relativo cambiamento nel microrilievo della pelle;
- sanguinamento sottocutaneo - a causa dell'aumentata fragilità dei capillari e della perdita di elasticità del tessuto connettivo.
Gli studi dimostrano che i livelli di vitamina C sono significativamente più bassi nell'invecchiamento e nella pelle fotodanneggiata.
La vitamina C è una vitamina idrosolubile che non viene sintetizzata o accumulata nel nostro corpo! Pertanto, per la salute della pelle, deve essere fornita quotidianamente dall'esterno: con alimenti, integratori alimentari o attraverso l'applicazione topica di cosmetici.
I benefici della vitamina C per la pelle sono evidenti!
Azione antiossidante.
Fattori ambientali come le radiazioni ultraviolette, l'inquinamento, l'alcol e il fumo possono accelerare l'invecchiamento e il rilassamento cutaneo attraverso quello che è noto come "stress ossidativo", che danneggia le cellule e il DNA.
La vitamina C è un coenzima riparatore e uno dei più potenti antiossidanti della pelle in grado di neutralizzare lo stress ossidativo.
La vitamina C è particolarmente efficace nel ridurre il danno ossidativo alla pelle se utilizzata per almeno 30 giorni.
Azione fotoprotettiva.
I raggi ultravioletti distruggono il collagene, ne riducono la produzione e aumentano l'accumulo di elastina. Ciò porta a manifestazioni cliniche di pigmentazione e alla comparsa di rughe profonde e pieghe della pelle.
La vitamina C aumenta la resistenza della pelle ai raggi UV, riduce il fotoinvecchiamento, riduce il rischio di rughe e riduce la probabilità di scottature del 40-60%!
Vale la pena notare che la vitamina C è ugualmente efficace sia contro i raggi A che contro i raggi B.
Ripristina la vitamina E.
La vitamina E è un antiossidante lipofilo e svolge un ruolo importante nella protezione delle membrane cellulari dallo stress ossidativo e nel mantenimento della rete di collagene nella pelle.
Come la vitamina C, i suoi livelli si esauriscono rapidamente dopo l'esposizione alla luce ultravioletta.
La vitamina C aiuta a rigenerare la vitamina E e, in caso di carenza di vitamina C, la vitamina E ottenuta dal cibo viene assorbita meno.
Azione antietà.
I fibroblasti cutanei sono completamente dipendenti dalla vitamina C, essenziale per la sintesi del collagene oltre che per stimolare i cambiamenti qualitativi nella molecola di collagene e per regolare l'equilibrio collagene/elastina nel derma.
Pertanto, la vitamina C ha un pronunciato effetto ringiovanente e antietà.
Studi clinici hanno dimostrato che l'applicazione topica di vitamina C aumenta la produzione di collagene sia nella pelle giovane che in quella invecchiata.
Azione anti-pigmentazione.
La vitamina C interagisce con gli ioni di rame nei siti attivi della tirosinasi e inibisce l'azione dell'enzima tirosinasi, il principale enzima responsabile della conversione della tirosina in melanina, riducendo così la formazione di melanina.
E questo, a sua volta, previene la comparsa di iperpigmentazione.
Poiché la vitamina C è instabile, viene spesso combinata con altri agenti depigmentanti per ottenere i migliori risultati.
Tali compagni possono essere, ad esempio, niacinamide, glutatione o adenosina.
Effetto benefico sulla couperose.
La vitamina C è in grado di ristrutturare le cellule epiteliali vascolari, stimolare la crescita dei fibroblasti e la sintesi del collagene nei vasi e nei capillari, il che consente di normalizzare la permeabilità e la struttura dei capillari e di ridurne la fragilità.
Rafforza le funzioni protettive della pelle.
La vitamina C favorisce la sintesi e l'accumulo dei fosfolipidi e contribuisce alla formazione dello strato corneo della pelle.
Inoltre, l'effetto antinfiammatorio della vitamina C svolge un ruolo importante nel miglioramento del microbioma cutaneo.
Idratazione.
La vitamina C aumenta la produzione di lipidi barriera e induce la differenziazione dei cheratinociti - le principali cellule dell'epidermide della pelle umana - e quindi influisce sulla capacità della pelle di trattenere l'umidità.
Accelera la guarigione delle ferite.
Fornire alla pelle quantità adeguate di vitamina C favorisce in modo significativo la guarigione delle ferite e riduce al minimo la formazione di cicatrici post-acneiche.
Gli studi hanno dimostrato che la combinazione di vitamina C con vitamina E aumenta significativamente il tasso di guarigione delle ferite.
C'è stato anche uno studio che mostra che l'alta concentrazione di vitamina C nel gel per il viso ha portato a una significativa riduzione delle cicatrici post-infiammatorie.
Azione antinfiammatoria.
Gli studi dimostrano che la pelle con processi infiammatori e una barriera protettiva compromessa, come la pelle atopica, ha una bassa concentrazione o carenza di vitamina C.
Pertanto, un'ulteriore esposizione alla vitamina C porta a un miglioramento delle condizioni della pelle, alla capacità di combattere l'infiammazione e le condizioni della pelle come l'acne e la rosacea.
Il percorso della vitamina C nei cosmetici.
La vitamina C è sempre stata apprezzata sia dai produttori che dai consumatori!
Ma qualsiasi amore crolla se l'efficacia di un prodotto cosmetico non è evidente.
Dopotutto, non dobbiamo dimenticare che lo strato corneo della pelle funge da barriera protettiva e impedisce il passaggio di molte sostanze, non importa quanto siano desiderabili per noi.
Ancora 5-7 anni fa, questo era un problema serio per la vitamina C e i produttori stavano lavorando sodo per risolverlo! Dopotutto, la vitamina C nella sua forma classica è una molecola idrosolubile, instabile e carica che viene respinta dalla barriera fisica delle cellule epidermiche terminalmente differenziate, da qui la sua scarsa penetrazione nella pelle dovuta alla natura idrofobica dello strato corneo.
Per fortuna, la scienza non si ferma e la vitamina C è ora disponibile sul mercato in una varietà di prodotti per la cura della pelle, con la formula più efficace!
Tuttavia, per un effetto ottimale, ha senso utilizzare prodotti cosmetici con vitamina C in combinazione e scegliere prodotti con una concentrazione adeguata e la forma più stabile della molecola.
Uso della vitamina C.
Un'altra maledizione è rimasta a lungo sulla vitamina C: il mito secondo cui aumenta la fotosensibilità della pelle e può causare la pigmentazione.
Così, è stato evitato nella skincare per tutta l'estate!
Ironia della sorte, proprio nel momento in cui ce n'era più bisogno!
La confusione verbale ha giocato un ruolo significativo in questa falsa credenza: dopo tutto, la vitamina C è acido ascorbico!
E gli acidi nella nostra mente sono già abbastanza fermamente associati al peeling e alla distruzione dello strato corneo della pelle.
Però la vitamina C non provoca ustioni o distruzione dello strato protettivo della pelle.
Neutralizza solo i danni causati dalle radiazioni ultraviolette.
Questo è stato studiato e dimostrato negli ultimi anni, grazie alla crescente attenzione al problema degli effetti dei raggi ultravioletti sulla nostra pelle.
La vitamina C è completamente sicura per l'uso quotidiano per un lungo periodo di tempo.
Può anche essere utilizzata in combinazione con altri comuni prodotti antietà e idratanti.
L'uso di gel esfolianti, dischi esfolianti e scrub per la cura può migliorare la penetrazione della vitamina C nella pelle.
I prodotti a base di vitamina C devono essere conservati in un luogo fresco e buio, lontano dalla luce solare diretta.
Nonostante il fatto che la vitamina C aumenti la protezione della pelle dal sole, non dovresti assolutamente trascurare l'uso di creme solari nella tua cura mattutina!
Eccola - VITAMINA C - bella e utile!
Se hai domande e qualcosa non è chiaro, scrivi!
Risponderò volentieri!
Gioia e bellezza no a tutti!Modern technology and automation is making our lives easier every day. Virtually every task humans do is also done faster, cheaper, better by some automatic process with a silicon chip inside it. These automation processes started showing up a few centuries ago and started changing human life in fundamental ways in the last 100 years. The pace started slow with a steepening incline of progress. Today, we face a challenge never faced by humans before: what to do.
Free time was always a part of human living. It took the Industrial Revolution to transform human stock into expendable machines. In hunter and gatherer days, man would spend large amounts of time idle, pursuing whatever created interest. We can still see a few remaining fragments of art at historical sites. Hunting parties might extend for days or even weeks. Once game was slaughtered and the meats cured, the pantry was full for an extended period of time. Weeks, even month were free to build monuments, create art, and tell stories around the fire.
Then the Agricultural Revolution arrived. Man had his first taste of what was yet to come. Humans were now slave to the ox and land. Working the land and domesticating animals kept man busier than hunter/gatherer days. Hunched over the plow all day brought the first lower back pain for the species. Humans worked more hours than ever. But once the crops were planted there was free time, followed by a flurry of activity harvesting the crops. Then, man settled in for a long winter season of leisure.
The Cognitive Revolution in man occurred about 70,000 years ago, the Agricultural Revolution 12,000 years ago, the Industrial Revolution a few hundred years ago. Now we are entering the Information Revolution.
The pattern is clear. Each revolution in the human condition is shorter than the previous. The difference this time is the revolution may change humans to the very core forever. Humans as we know them now may very well cease to exist.
Or the species may finally, after 12,000 years, be returning to its roots with technology allowing us to live longer and happier lives with plenty of time to explore our mental pleasures.
Think how our world is on the cusp of a change like never before. Name one job that can’t be replaced by technology or automation. There is one and only one. I’ll share that in a bit.
Cars now drive themselves. It is only a matter of time before self-driving vehicles become the preferred mode of transportation. There go all the truck driving jobs, along with Uber drivers.
Tesla is nearing completion of the gigafactory in Nevada. People do not understand how many batteries this factory will
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treated as a form of humor, were widely used in various art forms and had a long history in the art of writing. Plautus, the Roman playwright, was popular for his puns and riddles. Puns originated from ancient Egypt and were extensively used in the development of myths and dream interpretation. They have also been a record of puns being used in the Hebrew Bible and by Mesopotamian scribes.
While most students will swear by the fact that without having History as a subject their lives would seem easier, countless History nerds would love to have an hilarious chunk of some nerd humor. Nerd humor is also a great way to make fellow nerds connect with their own circle of peers, and one of the top forms of this type of joke would be a funny pun. Jokes, funny history puns, and riddles are also great brain exercises and are popular amongst studious kids.
However, when it comes to history teachers, what is most important is to show them undue respect. While it may not be very funny to make fun of a teacher, cracking a clever and funny pun about a history teacher who is clever and witty may also have your history teacher crackling up. Laughter is the best teacher, after all. If you are a fan of such funny content, you could also check out history jokes and geography puns for more funny lists about school based jokes. After all, it's much easier to study with a smile on your face!
If you're looking for some famous and funny history puns, including ancient history puns, art history puns, American history puns, Napoleon puns, American revolution puns, Aztec puns, Roman jokes and puns, and world history puns, you do not need to go down in history for that. Here is a great list of the best funny puns from the history of the world for history students and history teachers to enjoy to their heart's content. Consider this as a funny history session with loads of history puns that do not age and are not limited to just American history.
Funniest History Puns
Here is a list of funny puns for both history nerds and even students who are not very fond of history, we think it's the best list you'll find. It will make even the Dark Ages look bright!
1. The early ages in history are called the Dark Ages because there were too many knights.
2. The English Pilgrims' favorite type of flower is the May Flower.
3. When the Frenchman asked for a book on warfare on Battle of Waterloo from his librarian, she said, "You're just going to lose it."
4. The colonized do not like British tea. They only want liber-tea.
5. There are hardly any knock-knock jokes about America because freedom rings.
6. You do not want to know the history behind the railroad because it is so underground.
7. When Julius Ceasar got defeated by Brutus in 'Battleship,' he said, "A2 Brute?"
8. There are countless marble-lous statues in Greece, but we always take them for Granite.
9. When Lincoln had asked Republican Senator John if he would aid him in capturing Atlanta, he replied, "Sher-man!"
10. If someone else would have invented the airplane, it wouldn't have been Wright.
11. King Arthur's Round Table was built by Sir Cumference.
12. It is no wonder that Thomas Jefferson was thus named, his father was after Jefferdad.
13. One of the funny puns uttered by Mark Twain is that denial is not just a river in Egypt.
14. One of the historical figures to play music with has got to be the talented Mr. Ben-jam-in Franklin.
15. Once upon a time, there was a king who loves traveling through tunnels. The people gave him the name: Alex-Under.
16. When the love of his life finally left him, young Fidel cried out in despair, "I didn't think you would embar go my dear one."
17. England is the wettest country because many monarchs reigned there for many years.
18. Vikings used to send private messages using the Norse code.
19. The type of lighting that Noah had used in his ark was Floodlights.
20. The sweetest and fruitiest historical wonder of the world is the Grape Wall of China.
21. When Julius Caeser had met Cleopatra, he told her, "Toga-ether, we can rule the world."
22. The loveliest subject in schools History because it has so many dates.
23. In a fallen knight's grave, the epitaph usually reads "Rust in Peace."
24. The First World War ended very quickly because they were Russian.
25. The Second World War was very slow because they were Stalin.
26. If George Frederic Handel would be born in the modern era, his favorite song would be "Club Can't Even Handel Me."
27. The comedian said a joke from the 17th century, the crowd went historical.
28. When indoor toilets were introduced in Britain, it was considered to be a revo-loo-tionary move.
29. During the cold war all the countries involved went into hibernation
30. A salad that requires to be eaten with 23 knives is called a Caesar salad.
31. Franz Joseph constantly sour about everything because he was always Haydn.
32. Nobody knows about Napoleon's brother because they were born-apart-e
33. The only kind of Rock music that the Pilgrims were fond of was Plymouth Rock.
34. The Roman Empire was cut in half by a pair of Caesars.
35. A snake's favorite subject to study in school is Hisssstory.
36. I had a friend who got a Ph.D. in the history of Palindromes. He is now called Dr. Awkward.
37. After having learned the history of chess, I have come to the conclusion that all chess players have quite a checkered past.
38. The biggest irony in the world's history is that the Russian alphabet has no letters in lowercase. It is all Capitalization.
39. The paper my student wrote on Tsar Ivan was so bad, it was tearable.
40. I wouldn't say I liked the documentary that I had watched on the history of WD-40. It was non-friction.
Funny History Puns On Places, Events And People
Here is a list of some of the best jokes, funny puns, and food for good nerd humor that will have you rolling on the floor. We've included a lot of jokes about American history, we think they're totally revolutionary!
41. I General Lee do not find punny history jokes about the Civil War funny.
42. Karl Marx dislikes EarlGrey Tea because proper-tea is theft.
43. When the proposal of building a parking lot was given to Richard III, he told said, "Over my dead body."
44. George Washington has sleeping problems only because he is unable to lie.
45. The yearbook superlative that Robert Lee had given in his graduation was "Most likely to secede."
46. After the Palace of Versailles was completed, Louis XIV felt Baroque and roll.
47. Gordon Ramsey shouted at Queen Mary because she was burning everything.
48. Henry VIII had breathing troubles - he had no heir!
49. Catherine and Peter performed great in 'Dancing with the Tsar'last night. But Ivan was terrible.
50. When one is Russian for industrialization, there is no time for Stalin.
51. When the History teachers wanted to help out students who were failing the subject privately, they put up a poster on the school bulletin boards that said, "Need Tudoring?"
52. When Napoleon died in the explosion, he was blown-apart-e.
53. Napoleon conquered too much lang because he had too little Toulouse.
54. Alexander did not like eating chicken legs because he hated defeat.
55. When Napoleon is indecisive, he is torn-apart-e.
56. Vegetarians in the sixth century were called peasants.
57. I wonder why Lenin didn't realize that communism would fail to work. There were so many red flags everywhere.
Funny History Teacher Puns
It is essential to respect your teachers, but it is also imperative that you find a good friend in them too. Here is a list of funny puns about History teachers that will have you doubling with laughter.
58. My teacher told me in History class to do some light reading on the history of the light bulb.
59. When I wrote the history of cheese for our term paper in school, our History teacher said it was grate.
60. When I asked my Teacher in History class if she could tell us more about Napoleon's origin, she replied,"'Course I can!"
61. One fundamental lesson our teacher has taught us in History class while talking about the Civil War was never to take victory for Grant-ed.
62. While teaching about the Mongol Empire in History class, our teacher told us, "If anyone Khan, Genghis Khan."
63. When the teacher got frustrated because the students weren't paying attention to the class about Isaac Newton, he exclaimed, "Don't you understand the gravity of this situation?"
64. When I asked my History teacher if he knew about Einstein's origin and history, he said, "I am relatively aware of it."
65. We were debating about Charles Darwin in class when the teacher warned us, "Don't let this evolve into an argument."
66. When my teacher asked me if I knew who built the ark in History class, I answered, "I have Noah idea!"
67. When I gave the wrong answer about Austrian composers in class, my teacher said, "Are you Schubert that?"
68. When the student had asked the History teacher what questions will be there for the History exam, she answered, "The Past."
69. My least favorite teacher in the school is the History teacher. Whenever she takes a class on Ancient History, she tends to Babylon.
We hope this article inspired you in your search for funny history puns. Here at Kidadl, we have collated together lots of great family-friendly puns for everyone! If you liked our suggestions for History puns, then why not take a look at teacher puns, or for something different, take a look at book puns.
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We also link to other websites, but are not responsible for their content.هم تشییع جنازه مرحوم صانعی شلوغ بود هم تشییع آیت الله یزدی.
تشییع شجریان را هم که خودتان دیدید.
اما همین فردا اگر عاشورا باشد دسته روی را ممنوع اعلام می کنند!
درست مثل بانک ها و بازارها و اتوبوس ها و مترو که شلوغ هستند اما حرمها را بسته اند و نمی گذارند کسی دستش به ضریح برسد.吉祥安全网址: 本赛季英超联赛引进了VAR体系，这一技术的运用确实使得一些误判错判变少，但是也出现了多次“体毛”级的越位判罚，尽管按照规矩是越位，但是这种“体毛”级的越位判罚过于苛刻。来自英国媒体《泰晤士报》的音讯称，多支英超沙龙现已上书英超官方，要求不才个赛季的越位判罚中给予进攻球员10厘米的“越位”空间。
在FIFA的主导下，VAR技术引进了足坛，FIFA组织的各项赛事以及欧洲的许多联赛都运用了这一技术。而英超联赛直到本赛季才开始启用VAR技术。英超联赛中现已有25粒进球因越位被VAR断定无效，其间不乏“体毛越位”的判罚。
英超的VAR运用情况现已严重影响了比赛的正常次序，引起了国际足联的不满。本年的1月份，据前天空体育评论员理查德-基斯泄漏，FIFA现已给英超下了最后通牒，要求按照规矩运用VAR，不然英超会被撤消VAR执照。FIFA理事会秘书长布鲁德标明，VAR的首要作用是用以纠正裁判的过错判罚，而不是过于计较一些细节性判罚。假设VAR通过15个视点去回放一次越位，并妄图找到球员越位的依据，这明显是不合理的。
据悉，英超的多支球队现已向英超官方提出主张，要求改进VAR体系，不才赛季的越位判罚中给进攻球员留下10厘米的空间。一位知情人奉告《泰晤士报》：“咱们都认为，给进攻球员留下10厘米的境地是正确的选择，由于10厘米以内的越位确实不会对进攻球员构成太多的有利影响。”Press the play button (▶) above to start the video.
Sighting-in a Rifle
If you want to sight-in a rifle, follow some of these steps. Now, the sighting-in process for most rifles begins at 25 yards and then should be repeated at 100 yards. The basic steps involve firing at least three shots carefully and consistently at the target. If the bullets form a relatively small group of holes on the target but not where you’re aiming, the sights have to be adjusted—and here’s how it might work.
First, set the target at 25 yards. This is the preliminary sight-in. Fire three rounds. [sound of three shots firing] Now, the center of this group is one inch left and two and a quarter inches high. On this rifle, one click of the sight screw changes the sight by one-half minute of angle. Now you must move the rear sight in the same direction that you want the group of shots to move. So, we must move the rear sight 18 clicks down by using a screwdriver to turn the elevation screw. And we’re doing that because one click is one-half minute of angle, and one-half minute of angle is equal to one-eighth of an inch at 25 yards, so we need six clicks. [sound of six clicks]
Next, we need to move the rear sight eight clicks right by turning the windage screw. In this case, four click increments. [sound of four clicks followed by four more clicks] Now let’s fire another set of three shots. [sound of three shots firing] Then we can see that this group is well enough centered that we are sure we’re going to hit the target at 100 yards for the final sighting-in.
Now put the target at 100 yards. We’ll fire three more shots. [sound of three shots firing] The center of this group is two inches low and a half an inch to the right. Remember, one click is equal to a half minute of angle, which is equal to a half an inch at 100 yards. That means we need to move the rear sight four clicks up by turning the elevation screw. We also need to move the rear sight one click left by turning the windage screw. [sound of four clicks followed by one click]
OK, three last shots [sound of three shots firing] and those shots show that the rifle is properly sighted-in. Now we’ll put up one more target at 100 yards for another test: an eight-inch paper plate or a target with an eight-inch circle works really well. Now get into a shooting position you might use when hunting to simulate an actual hunting scenario. Fire five shots. [sound of five shots firing] If you can put all five rounds inside the eight-inch circle, then you’re ready to hunt deer at 100 yards. If not, sight-in the rifle at 75 or 50 yards, and take standing field shots only at that range or closer until your skill improves. And that’s how to sight-in a rifle.|Right Ascension||20 : 53.5 (h:m)
|Declination||-12 : 32 (deg:m)
|Visual Brightness||9.3 (mag)
|Apparent Dimension||6.6 (arc min)
Discovered 1780 by Pierre Méchain.
Messier 72 (M72, NGC 6981) is one of the apparently smaller and fainter globular clusters in Messier's catalog. It is situated in the very western part of constellation Aquarius, close to the the group of four stars, M73.
Globular cluster M72 was discovered by Pierre Méchain in the night of August 29-30, 1780. Consequently, Charles Messier looked for it on the following October 4 and 5, and included it in his catalog. It seems that on this occasion, Messier also found and measured inconspicuous M73.
M72 is one of the more remote of Messier's globular clusters: At about 53,000 light years, it
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找到王子。带着这三件礼物，公主上路了。她走到了玻璃山前，山上很滑，她将三口针轮番插在脚跟下，顺利地翻过了山；到了那边，她把针插在一个地方，并做好记号。随后又到了三口锋利的宝剑前，她站在犁轮上，从剑上滚了过去。最后，她又来到一个大湖旁，又渡过了大水，来到一座美丽的大宫殿前。她肯定从大森林的铁炉中救出来的王子就在这宫中，于是走了进去，装出一副可怜相，说是希望有人雇佣她。这时候，王子正准备和另一位姑娘结婚，因为他以为公主早死了。
女巫放下头发，王子便顺着爬了上去。然而，他没有见到心爱的莴苣姑娘，却看到女巫正恶狠狠地瞪着他。“啊哈！”她嘲弄王子说，“你是来接你的心上人的吧？可美丽的鸟儿不会再在窝里唱歌了。她被猫抓走了，而且猫还要把你的眼睛挖出来。你的莴苣姑娘完蛋了，你别想再见到她。”王子痛苦极了，绝望地从塔上跳了下去。他掉进了刺丛里，虽然没有丧生，双眼却被刺扎瞎了。他漫无目的地在森林里走着，吃的只是草根和浆果，每天都为失去爱人而伤心地痛哭。他就这样痛苦地在森林里转了好几年，最后终于来到了莴苣姑娘受苦的荒野。莴苣姑娘已经生下了一对双胞胎，一个儿子，一个女儿。王子听到有说话的声音，而且觉得那声音很耳熟，便朝那里走去。当他走近时，莴苣姑娘立刻认出了他，搂着他的脖子哭了起来。她的两滴泪水润湿了他的眼睛，使它们重新恢复了光明。他又能像从前一样看东西了。他带着妻子儿女回到自己的王国，受到了人们热烈的欢迎。他们幸福美满地生活着，直到永远。
晚上，公主洗完所有的碟子，便从口袋中拿出一个坚果准备吃，可谁知一嗑开，里面竟有一件非常漂亮的宫廷礼服！王子的未婚妻听说了这事，来向她要那套衣服，说：“这衣根本不适合洗碟的女佣穿。’她想买下它。公主回答说，不，她可舍不得卖，除非她答应她的条件，即许她在新郎的房间里睡一夜，新娘就可以得到它。新娘实在太喜欢这件漂亮的衣服啦，只好答应条件。晚上，新娘对新郎说：“那个傻丫头要在你房间睡一夜，你同意吗？“只要你愿意，我没意见。”于是新娘让他喝了杯酒，里面渗了些催眠药，这样王子当然就呼呼睡起大觉来，无论公主怎样呼唤都无动静。公主哭诉了一整夜，说：“是我从森林中的一个铁炉里把你救了出来，为了找你，我翻过了玻璃山，跨过了三口宝剑，趟过了一个大湖，可你连话儿都不听我说！”这些话被门外的仆人听得一清二楚，早上全告诉了他们的主人。第二天晚上，公主嗑开第二颗坚果，又得了件漂亮的礼服，王子的未婚妻又想买，可女仆不希罕她的钱，她又拿来和新娘交换，请求准她再在新郎房中睡一夜。可王子又喝了一杯加了安眠药的酒，依旧呼呼大睡了一夜。公主又哭诉了一整夜，这些又被仆人听见了，告诉了他们的主人。第三天晚上，公主嗑开了第三颗坚果，这回里面是件纯金做的衣服。新娘一见又想要，公主给了她，条件是允许她再在王子的房里睡一夜。这回王子早有防备，没有喝催眠药水。公主又开始哭诉：“我最最亲爱的人呀！我把你从森林中的那只炉子里救了出来……”听到这话，王子跳了起来，“你是我的真新娘，你是我的，我是你的。”于是他们夜里坐上一辆马车走了，他们拿走了假新娘的衣服，叫她不能起床。他们渡过了大湖，坐上犁轮滚过了利剑，踏着针儿翻过了玻璃山，最后来到了小旧屋前。他们一踏进屋去，小屋立
刻变成了一座宏伟的大宫殿，蛤蟆们也被解去了法术，原来尽是些公主和王子。他们欢天喜地，一个个高兴极啦！公主与王子举行了婚礼，他们留在那座宫殿里，那宫殿可比公主父亲的大得多。公主的父王年岁大了，一个人孤零零地住着，于是他们便把他接了来，这样他们就有了两个王国，从此生活幸福又美满。
那边跑来只老鼠啦，
我这故事也讲完了。Kanada’da eğitim görmek için yabancıların okuma izni almaları gerekir. Eğer yabancı uyruklu öğrenci altı aydan daha kısa süreli bir eğitim programına katılıyorsa, okuma izni alma zorunluluğu yoktur.
Kanada’ya öğrenci olarak gelmek için Vatandaşlık ve Göçmenlik Kanunlarının aradığı genel koşullar:
- Kanada’daki eğitim kurumlarından birine kabul edilmiş olmak,
- Kanada’daki öğrenciliğiniz süresince, Kanada’da yaşama ve okul ücretini ödeyecek maddi gücünüzün olduğunu kanıtlamak,
- Sabıka ve sağlık bakımından bir engeli olmamak,
Kanada’da gitmek istedeğiniz üniversiteyi, yüksekokulu veya dil okulunu seçerek ilk adımı atabilirsiniz.
Okul seçimi ve vize başvurusu yaparken alacağınız profesyonel yardım, geleceğinizi planlamak ve ilerde doğacak istenmeyen yasal engelleri önlemek bakımından çok önemlidir.Segretaria fa sesso orale nell’auto al proprio capo. Un furgone li tampona e lei lo castra!
Una segretaria stava facendo sesso orale al suo capo in un’auto parcheggiata in un parco di Singapore, quand’ecco che un furgone fa manovra e… sbam! Li tampona. Lei batte la testa e serra la bocca di colpo, tagliando di netto il gingillo del boss.
A rendere l’episodio degno di essere raccontato come barzelletta a “La sai l’ultima?” ci si mette anche un investigatore privato assoldato dal marito, che ha chiamato immediatamente un’ambulanza. I due – e il membro – sono stati accompagnati al pronto soccorso dove i medici sono riusciti a ricomporre il puzzle!
Che dite? Il detective ce l’avrà fatta a raccontare il tutto al marito senza ridergli in faccia?دست کرد توی جیب شلوارش و در این حین شروع کرد به ایراد خطبه در اهمیت کمک به فقرا که نباید آن ها را فراموش کرد! از اسکناسهای مچالهشدهای که بیرون کشید، چندتاش را با نوک انگشتانِ دستِ راست روی کفِ دستِ چپ سوا کرد و بعد آنها را گرفت سمت زنی که با صدای سوزناکی تقاضای کمک برای درمان بیماریش میکرد که اگر پول نباشد به زودی میمیرد. اشتیاقش را که دیدم نکردم که بگویم این زن سه سال است که هر روز همینها را میگوید.
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- ۹۵/۰۷/۰۶原标题：印度自称5000年前就有了网络，迷之自信哪里来？
印度高官近日大言不惭过火了，遭到了天下网友的“耻笑”。
当地时间4月17日，印度特里普拉邦首席部长德普（Biplab Deb）在演讲中竟称：印度在5000年前有了互联网！
“印度自古以来就使用互联网。在《摩诃婆罗多》中，桑杰是盲人，但他却把战场上发生的事告诉了别人。这是由于互联网技术。卫星也在这段时间内存在。”
他还特意强调，只有那些不想接受“巴拉特拥有伟大文明”的人才会反对他所说的，而99%的印度人相信巴拉特及其文明的“伟大”。
“在那段时间里，印度有最发达的科学，《罗摩衍那》、《摩诃婆罗多》和《奥义书》书中描写的内容就是可靠证据。”
结果不言而喻，网友群起而“笑”之。
印度的政府正忙于证明一切都是在5000年前在印度发明的，而不是为了解决今天的问题，这是一个生活在过去的政府。
他竟然只说了互联网！！我还以为他会说人工智能也一样，是5000年前的。
印度特里普拉邦首席部长表示，印度自印度史诗《摩诃婆罗多》时代以来一直在使用互联网。所以我认为这将意味着大约在公元前10世纪。难怪印度网上的骗子世界领先。
一些印度网友也不能忍了……
我们还寄希望于印度的进步发展呢。
这位部长究竟是什么来路？
德普上个月才宣誓就职特里普拉第10位首席部长，他是印度最年轻的首席部长。此前，他曾在特里普拉邦担任印度人民党主席。
德普出生在印度特里普拉的一个农村的中产阶级家庭，他的父亲是当地领导人，他在特里普拉度过了他的童年和求学时光，毕业于特里普拉大学。
不过，论想象力的丰富，这位部长并不孤单，他前面还有很多前辈。
比如去年，印度教育部长Satyapal Singh说，第一架飞行器是印度学者施瓦卡尔·巴普吉·塔帕德发明的，而不是莱特兄弟（Wright Brothers）。
印度领先历史组织主席苏德山·拉奥还说过，印度人在5000年前就开始进行干细胞研究和使用宇宙飞行器。
2014年，印度总理莫迪称，整容技术在古印度就出现了，《摩诃婆罗多》中卡尔纳出生的故事表明“人们意识到了遗传科学”。
可能这就是所谓的越缺少什么就越鼓吹什么，去年印度吹牛三年主导印度洋，被俄罗斯媒体打脸：“你当中国不存在呢”？
既然这次部长已经把牛皮吹上天，那么现在，印度民众实际上网情况如何呢？
据报道，皮尤斯数据报告 2015 年曾统计过“全球智能手机拥有率”，印度只有 17% 的人口用的是智能手机。虽然绝大部分人有手机，但不是智能机，另有 22% 的人没有手机。
而印度能成为全球第二大智能手机市场，主要是因为人口多。
根据印度“互联网实时状态”网站的统计，2016 年印度网络覆盖率为 34.8%。但主要集中在城镇，印度广大农村地区还处于网络盲区。
那么网速咋样？
据CNN报道，印度很少有公共WiFi点存在，而速度快的宽带连接需要基础设施，这在低收入地区很少见，而农村地区则更少。
上网的性别差距也很大，女性用户远远少于男性用户，当女性上网时，她们经常受到男性家庭成员的密切监控。
2016年，GSMA印度移动经济报告显示，在印度，2G、3G 是主流，且 2G 占比还远高于3G，仅有少数运营商会在提供4G网络，很难传输视频或音频。
上网费用也是一个问题，印度近75%的人口每月收入少于5000卢比（74美元），所以买得起连接互联网的设备可能很困难，很多人选择购买二手智能手机，会便宜的多。
2017年，拥有13多亿人口的印度网民占4.62亿，排在亚太地区互联网用户数量第二名，可是在线渗透率只有35%。
恐怕，你永远叫不醒一个活在梦里的人。
新浪新闻公众号
更多猛料！欢迎扫描左方二维码关注新浪新闻官方微信（xinlang-xinwen）在中学课本中有这样一个故事，欧洲古代有一名名为哥白尼的科学家因为发现了“日心说”而被当时的欧洲教会视为“异端邪说”判处火刑。
哥白尼就这样成为了为捍卫科学而献出生命的勇敢卫士，他创立的“日心说”在他死后也成功的被世人所验证、接受成为了天文学中人人必知的常识之一。
可以说时至今日哥白尼和“日心说”的故事早已经是家喻户晓，但是很少有人关注到在这个故事的背后其实还隐藏着重重谜团等待人们的破解。
首先哥白尼究竟是怎么死的？在人尽皆知的故事版本之中哥白尼是因为挑战了教会“地心说”的权威，威胁到了教会的地位因而被教会执行火刑烧死的。
但是这一说法在历史中根本站不住脚，在欧洲另有一种说法是哥白尼并不是烧死的而是病死的，那么究竟哪一种说法是正确的呢？
教会执行火刑说的支持者认为，当时的教会在欧洲地位崇高即便是一国君主也需要接受教会的册封才能继任，而教会地位的根基就是神权。
“地心说”是教会神权的重要根基之一，如果“地心说”被证明是错误的，那么教会的权威将会遭到致命的打击，因此教会决不能容忍“日心说”的出现。
在历史中哥白尼究竟是怎么发现并验证“日心说”的并没有详细的记载，仅仅只是说在一次偶然的机会中发现了“日心说”。
不过根据相关记载不难发现，哥白尼在发现了“日心说”之后并没有大肆宣扬，这件事小编估计和当时教会的绝对统治有关，毕竟哥白尼也不是傻子，他不可能不知道“日心说”发布的后果。
“日心说”的问世距离它被发现有着十数年甚至数十年的时间，哥白尼是在他去世之前感觉命不久矣才发表了“日心说”的理论。
换而言之哥白尼在发表“日心说”之后不久就去世了，在这期间教会虽然对他进行了一些必要的审查但是要判决火刑时间是远远不够的。
更为重要的是经过考古发现，哥白尼的坟墓已经被发现，而他的墓址竟然是在一座大教堂之中，这说明当时的教会对于哥白尼并没有进行针对。
在教会统治欧洲的时代，能在大教堂中安葬陵墓对于陵墓主人是莫大的荣誉，从哥白尼的陵墓位置来看，当时的教会非但没有烧死哥白尼反而十分尊重他。
但是无可否认是，如果哥白尼真的发表了“日心说”那么绝对是教会的严重挑衅，哥白尼的“同道”被教会处决的更是不在少数。
哥白尼是“日心说”的创始人，对于“日心说”的信徒教会曾处决了一批又一批，为什么唯独对哥白尼这个“罪魁祸首”格外宽容？
哥白尼留下的种种神秘谜团让很多人怀疑哥白尼在生前和教会恐怕有着一些不为人知的密切关系，甚至有人认为哥白尼就是教会资助的科学家。
关于哥白尼生前的真相究竟如何现在早已经是无从考证，就连他的陵墓也因为年久失修而被迁移到了新的墓址，现在他那块有着太阳图案的威风墓碑也不过是后人为其重修墓穴时送给他的礼物罢了。طى 5 سال اخير توليد مواد معدنى ايران در14 مورد افزايش و 12 مورد کاهش داشته است
براساس گزارش کارشناسان معاونت امور معادن وزارت صنايع و معادن، توليد ايران در بخش مواد معدنى طى پنج سال اخير در 14 مورد افزايش و در 12 مورد کاهش داشته است. به گزارش خبرنگار موج و به گفته کارشناسان، ايران يکى از 20 کشور دارنده ذخاير معدنى متنوع در دنيا است و با دارا بودن 60 نوع ماده معدنى، 53 ميليارد تن ذخاير اثبات شده معدنى را در اختيار دارد. بررسى هاى انجام شده نشان مى دهد که ايران اگرچه در سال هاى اخير با رشد توليد در بخش معادن مواجه بوده است اما هنوز سهم قابل توجهى از توليدات جهانى را در اين بخش در اختيار ندارد. گزارش هاى کارشناسى نشان مى دهد که توليدات معدنى در ايران هم جهت با ذخاير کشور نيست و لازم است با افزايش سرمايه گذارى در بخش معدن، ايران به جايگاه ويژه خود در اين بخش دست يابد. اين گزارش مى افزايد: ايران در توليد هشت نوع ماده معدنى يکى از 10 کشور مطرح جهان است.
بنابراين گزارش ايران با توليد 8/13 ميليون تن گچ در سال 2004 ميلادى نه تنها رشدى در حدود 30 درصد را طى پنج سال گذشته تجربه کرده بلکه با دستيابى به سهم 1/14 درصدى از توليد جهانى، مقام دوم جهان را در اين بخش به دست آورده است. در توليد سولفور نيز کشور در سال 2004 با توليد 4/1 ميليون تن به رتبه ششم در دنيا دست يافته است. گزارش معدن و توسعه مى افزايد: جايگاه ايران در توليد سه ماده مهم معدنى باريت، آزبست و کروميت نيز در جهان هشتم است، حال آنکه در توليد پرليت و موليبدن با در اختيار داشتن جايگاه دهم دنيا به ترتيب 6/1 درصدى و 67/0 درصدى سهم را در اختيار دارد. در بين فلزات اساسى نيز ايران در سال 2004 با توليد 145 هزار تن مس ضمن در اختيار داشتن مقام شانزدهم دنيا حدود يک درصد سهم بازار دنيا را نيز داشته حال آنکه در توليد سرب با 28 هزار تن توليد، مقام هفدهم توليد جهان را در اختيار گرفته است. ايران همچنين در سال 2004 ميلادى با 80 هزار تن توليد روى، 82/
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其领域范围包涵英帝国的埃塞克斯郡、米德尔塞克斯郡、南安普顿郡大部以致伦敦。大致在公元604年君王塞Bert在姑丈、Kent国君埃特尔Bert影响下皈依东正教。但他一死新继任的君王就驱逐了London主教，苏醒了异教信仰。不过在653年天子西格Bert又向诺森布里亚君主奥斯维提议派遣传教士到国内传教的号令，奥斯维向埃塞克斯差遣了塞德，塞德使埃塞克斯再一次信奉了道教，并在帝国境内构建了教堂。在Woolf赫尔为麦西亚王时期埃塞克斯认可了麦西亚的宗主权，今后便初始了埃塞克斯为布满强国支配的历史。
最早的日耳曼侵袭者中，自由民地位比农奴高，但都依赖于国君。随着之后的多少个世纪的战事和林业耕作，大多数自由民或是在压力下沦为农奴，或是依附贵裔阶级的领主和绅士。大户人家阶级的领主和绅士则是特权阶级，他们经过效忠君主，从天皇这里拿走领地，并对自个儿抱有的领地行使相当的大程度的自治权。
839年，爱格Bert在苏格兰康Wall逝世，其子埃塞Woolf世袭他的领地。直至871年，其后裔阿佛列大帝（艾尔Fredthe
Great）才真的称自个为”苏格兰皇帝”，但貌似以为爱格Bert是率先个英格兰帝王。
苏塞克斯由撒克逊人创设，它的领域范围在后天United Kingdom东西边Will德地区的西部。苏塞克斯王国在5世纪末尾时期建设布局（依照守旧的布道是在477年），其创立者是撒克逊人的法老埃勒，他在两次大战中落败了凯尔特人，创立起多个短间距赛跑时代内的军队霸权。但大伙儿对此国中期200年的野史差不离一无所知，7世纪末时这些帝国依然信仰异教，直到约克主教圣WillFried在帝国传教才使那个帝国的民众信仰了东正教。688年韦塞克斯国王Card瓦拉征性格很顽强在艰难曲折或巨大压力面前不屈了苏塞克斯王国。771年麦西亚君王奥发征服苏塞克斯王国，在事后的四十二年里它一贯受麦西亚帝国的主政。
盎格鲁-撒克逊诸王国的政党是由部落带头人会议演变而成的，皇上具有王国的行政和司法大权，大户人家阶级则构成皇上的仿照效法会议，协助国王处理国政。太岁将郡作为王国的骨干的地区政府机构，由波米雷特治理，在局部气象下那些Georgjensen将地点变为世襲，管理着多少个郡。郡以下的职能部门为县，郡相山区皆有各自的法院，郡法院由本郡的治安法官主持，县法院由司长长掌管。
婚姻及子女
韦塞克斯王国由撒克逊人塞尔Dick在495年创建：相传他统领族人在前些天United Kingdom汉普郡沿海地带登录。到了塞尔狄克的外孙子塞夫林（在位期间560年-593年）时撒克逊人的定居点已经遍及Hill腾山脉，原先的居住者凯尔特人则被撒克逊人从泰晤士河中游河谷和塞文河中游之间的区域驱逐出去，但塞夫林本身却被撒克逊人放逐。直到8世纪后期早先韦塞克斯王国一向处在强国的影子下——Kent、诺森布里亚、麦西亚三国前后相继征服过韦塞克斯，当然那一时期的韦塞克斯也决不无所作为：国君Card瓦拉（在位时期685年-688年）对邻国进行了五遍中标的战斗，他的继承者因尼一方面向北方的不列颠原城里人的小王国开疆展土，一方面倒逼Kent进贡。因尼死后韦塞克斯陷入了混乱状态中。
在盎格鲁-撒克逊一代，种植业是第第一行业业，但侵略的丹麦王国人却是活跃的商贾，在9世纪时，城镇的注重开始扩大。
爱格Bert的贤内助是Charles大帝爱妻的姐妹丽特佩嘉，他们育有两子一女，个中能够的独有埃塞伍尔夫，其他多少人的材质则不可能考证。
就在苏格兰七雄混战不休之际形势造豪杰——统一英格兰的一代雄主正诞生于那样混乱的局面之下，他的名字称为爱格Bert。说真的那么些名字对大家中夏族民共和国人来说是相比不熟悉的，大家中华夏族民共和国人所理解的澳洲历史人物莫过于亚苏木山大、凯撒、拿破仑等人，至于那么些爱格Bert何许人也？但是她的连襟却是大大的盛名——这厮就是我们前边的稿子中提到过的Charles曼大帝。据记载爱格Bert是Kent主公伊尔Mond之子，不过那些伊尔Mond还恐怕有一层地点是韦塞克斯国君因尼的后生，因而爱格Bert其实有权世襲Kent和韦塞克斯多少个王国。然而如果爱格Bert当真世襲了多少个王国，势必定会将高大改观总体英格兰七雄争夺霸主的布局，那是立刻的英格兰霸主麦西亚皇上奥发所无法耐受的。于是在786年奥发援救贝奥Hutt里克夺走了本属爱格Bert的韦塞克斯王位，任何时候奥发同贝奥Hutt里克治下的韦塞克斯联盟驱逐了爱格Bert，夺取了爱格Bert治下的Kent王国。
盎格鲁-撒克逊人在爱尔兰和亚特兰洲大学派来的传教士的震慑下，最早了基督教诲的进度。但爱尔兰宗教仪式和陆上宗教典礼上的不同大约引致不列颠伊斯兰教会的崩溃，这一壮烈的不一致在663年的Whit比宗教会议上到底得到了化解。与此同有的时候间，修道院成为盎格鲁-撒克逊时期的学问骨干，这里以精粹的手抄本而盛名，除外，教会读书人——比德、阿尔琴以致阿佛列沙皇也为保存和发展知识而全力以赴。
爱格Bert迫于奥发和贝奥Hutt里克的下压力辗转逃往亚洲次大陆，依靠于自身那位身为欧洲大陆霸主的连襟。796年阴谋家奥发死了。802年贝奥Hutt里克也死了。在法兰克居住了十几年的爱格Bert终于瓜熟蒂落地成为韦塞克斯君王。815年爱格Bert据有了西Will士，在他的努力下王国势力比比皆已经。那时候她已将统一英格兰提上议事日程，那样一来他面对的最大对手就是老对手麦西亚——那是苏格兰七国中最苍劲的，爱格Bert并不筹划一齐来就直接和麦西亚对垒，而是先土崩瓦解其双翅：825年东盎格福州王国在她的扶持下成功脱身了麦西亚的操纵，任何时候爱格伯特以保险东盎Geye路撒冷免于麦西亚欺悔的借口据有了东盎格戈亚尼亚。同年爱格Bert又指挥韦塞克斯军队抢占Kent王国。随后苏格兰南方的苏塞克斯、埃塞克斯等王国纷纭形成韦塞克斯的属国。
三、英格兰七国志之一——Kent
于今英格兰的地面上产生了两大对峙阵营：爱格Bert治下的韦塞克斯及其附庸东盎格福冈、Kent、苏塞克斯、埃塞克斯VS麦西亚及其藩属诺森布里亚。麦西亚的羽翼已被大要剪除，只剩独一的债务国诺森布里亚，而爱格Bert这个时候已然是携五国之力。825年两岸在艾兰敦张开较量，爱格Bert引导下的韦塞克斯军克服麦西季军。今后麦西亚一败再败。829年麦西亚深透退步，国王维格拉夫被迫认可爱格Bert的宗主权。剩下的诺森布里亚王国温馨也玩不转，不久便臣性格很顽强在艰难困苦或巨大压力面前不屈于韦塞克斯王国。任何时候爱格Bert自称“不列颠的统治者”，成为统一的苏格兰王国的率先任圣上，开创了韦塞克斯王朝。
该王国民代表大会约在公元5世纪后期由凌犯英格兰地区的日耳曼部落中的朱特人营造。关于该王国的树立，历文学家于今争辩不休，依据古板说法，公元449年朱特人在其部落首领亨Gus和霍萨两兄弟的领队下，在英格兰南方沿海地段登录，他们是受地方不列颠人的特约，前来支援本地人抵抗北方Pique特人的入侵的。不久今后，亨Gus和她的外孙子埃斯克即刻调转枪头，和特约他们前来的不列颠人首领沃丁根翻脸，朱特人超级快就克制了本地人，并在轮廓相当到现在日United Kingdom的Kent郡的区域建设布局起Kent王国。
Kent王国的埃特尔Bert在6世纪末在英格兰称霸，听他们说他的霸权范围一贯延伸到杭伯河以南区域。在公元597年，埃特尔伯特在其法国首都Kanter伯雷应接了奥斯陆教化皇格里高里差遣的说法使节圣奥古斯丁，并在圣Augustine的熏陶下，选择了洗礼，成为盎格鲁-撒克逊诸王国中第一人选用伊斯兰教的圣上。
埃特尔Bert
但在接下去的几个世纪中，Kent王国国力退化，周期性地为麦西亚王国和韦塞克斯王国所征服和分叉，最后在8世纪后半期沦为麦西亚王中国奥林匹克足球队发统治下的多个省份。奥发死后，Kent人在796年发生了抗击麦西亚的首义，但被暴虐镇压下去。公元825年时，肯特被韦塞克斯王国的君主爱格伯特征性格很顽强在暗礁险滩或巨大压力面前不屈，被迫认可韦塞克斯的君权，随后Kent成为韦塞克斯王国的一片段。
尽管Kent在8世纪末初阶的Danmark人凌犯浪潮中，成为受害最严重的地带之一，不过Kent仍是Norman征服在此之前英格兰经济最发达的地点，因为Kanter伯雷大主教区在该区的留存，使得大批判财物以教派的名义汇集在该区，其他方面Kent和澳大伯尔尼新大陆保持着细致的关系——宗教、政治、经济、文化。
四、英格兰七国志之二——东盎格哈里斯堡
东盎格哈尔滨是盎格鲁人在5世纪末尾时期创设的盎格鲁-撒克逊王国，它的领域范围大要也等于今日United Kingdom的诺福克郡和苏福克郡，盎格鲁人来自斯堪的纳维亚和北德地区。那些帝国的前期历史很模糊，可是该王国大块领土地处沼泽地带之中，使得它地处贰个比较便利的守护地点，那个因素让东盎格基希纳乌王国在6世纪中期成为盎格鲁-撒克逊诸王国中的八个强国。
东盎格伯尔尼帝国的君主Riedwald（他大概死于公元627年）接替Kent的埃特尔Bert成为南苏格兰的霸主，Riedwald曾声援Edwin制服了诺森布里亚王国的国王埃特尔弗Ritter，并让Edwin登上诺森布里亚王国的皇位。但东盎格伯尔尼帝国的主导地位却趁机麦西亚王国的优异而降低。公元650年之后，东盎格坎Pina斯帝国浓烈陷于麦西亚王国的附庸国。公元825年，东盎格奥马哈人在韦塞克斯王爱格Bert的扶持下发动了对麦西亚王国的起义，就算她们随着开脱了麦西亚的主持行政事务，但又陷入韦塞克斯的附庸国。更坏的事情接踵而来，865年——866年冬日，入侵北爱尔兰的丹麦王国人在东盎格伯尔尼帝国境内过冬，869年，嗹马人重返故地，这二回他们可不再是一时半晌停留，他们征服了全套东盎格乌鲁木齐帝国，Danmark人摧毁了王国本国的修院，并暗害了东盎格伯明翰人的年轻始祖——圣徒爱德蒙。
9世纪70时期时，韦塞克斯的阿佛列主公制服了丹麦王国人，反逼丹麦王国人在英格兰北边的丹麦王国法区位居时，东盎格圣克Russ因而韦塞克斯和丹麦王国人于886年的温柔成为嗹马法区的贰个有个别。不过丹麦法区的丹麦人不久之后又故态重萌，不止帮忙维京人侵袭韦塞克斯，还不住地郁闷该王国。最终韦塞克斯君主长者爱德华在917年最终征服了丹麦王国法区，统一了苏格兰，从那未来，东盎格乌鲁木齐就形成英格兰一个NORMAN NORELL领地了。
五、英格兰七国志之三——诺森布里亚
诺森布里亚是盎格鲁人建设布局的盎格鲁-撒克逊王国，它最先由四个单身小王国组成，那八个小王国以迪斯河为界。个中的四个单独小王国是塞维哈尔滨西亚，它的国土范围富含今天的东英格兰、英格兰的伯维克、罗克斯堡、东诺森布里亚以至达勒姆地区。此外多少个单身小王国是德拉，它的领土范围包括后天苏格兰的约克郡的西部和西部地区，那四个王国都以盎格鲁人在公元500年左右时确立的。现成的局部斑斑的史料记载着6世纪中期时，佛罗伦萨西亚的天骄为埃达，德拉的天骄为埃里。
阿里格尔西亚的国君埃特尔弗Ritter（在位期间593-616）将三个小王国营商业和供应和出售合作社并为诺森布里亚王国，并为统一后的王国扩展了英格兰以致威尔士领地，不过埃特尔弗Ritter被德拉的爱德温制伏，并被代替。爱德温于627年承担了道教并在英格兰业精于勤了诺森布里亚的霸权，可惜好景一时，在632年，爱德温被Will士的格温尼德王国的君王Card瓦尔隆杀死，这么些帝国是和麦西亚皇上彭达联盟以批驳诺森布里亚的。经过一年的繁琐后，诺森布里亚的皇位由金沙萨西亚的奥斯瓦尔德得到，奥斯瓦尔德请来圣埃丹举办凯尔特东正教的说教工作，不过，奥斯瓦尔德也被麦西亚的彭达杀死了。世袭奥斯瓦尔德为王的各种是奥西乌（在位时期641-670）以至埃克格里菲斯（在位时期670-685），在这里个时代中，诺森布里亚的国力逐步式微，相反的是，麦西亚王国却国势蒸蒸日上。然则，奥西乌在宗教方面依旧有着建树的，他在Whit比教派会议上创立了奥斯陆地营地督教会对凯尔特佛教会的定价权。
7世纪晚叶以致8世纪一代，诺森布里亚王国在政治上长时间高居排斥、吵嘴、不和，可是该王国的教会、艺术、学术、军事学却处在多少个纯金一代。867年，侵犯的丹麦人在诺森布里亚王国的日本东京约克获得了凯旋，他们据有了王国的南方地方，诺森布里亚的盎格鲁人只能决定迪斯河以北，福斯湾以南的叁个小王国。丹麦王国的克努特大帝征服整个苏格兰后，在诺森布里亚设置了丹麦王国人Oxette，这个丹麦人ENZO中，以死于1055年的西Watt为最具实力。不过诺森布里亚人却在1065年将西Watt的继承者托斯提格驱逐，托斯提格的岗位被麦西亚Darry RingEdwin的兄弟摩Carl代表，1066年，托斯提格在Noreg的哈罗兹.哈德拉达的伴随下，再次来到诺森布里亚，并在福尔福德战争中战败了摩Carl和爱德温，这个时候，刚刚获得苏格兰王位的哈罗兹二世神速赶赴北方，克服了托斯提格和哈德拉达。然而，后发制人，后发制人，Norman底男爵William抓住了哈罗兹来回交战，一名不文的破绽，在英格兰北边的哈斯廷斯克服了哈罗兹，甘休了盎格鲁-撒克逊时期。
六、苏格兰七国志之四——麦西亚
麦西亚是盎格鲁人创立的盎格鲁-撒克逊王国
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Crowned with a lone white star, known as La Estrella Solitaria (The Lone Star), the flag holds an emblem of independence and a beacon of hope. This star shines on the flag as a symbol of the new state, projecting Cuba’s place as a singular entity under the night sky. It radiates the aspirations for freedom that have powered Cuba’s identity since the 19th century.
The flag’s design itself is a beacon, rallying the Cuban people not just during the War of Independence but through various moments in history whenever national unity is called upon. It signals a deep connection to the past, a reverence for the independence movement, and a solemn vow to the principles that guide the country’s future.
Embedded in the fabric of the Cuban flag is the very essence of the nation: resilience in the face of adversary and hope in the promise of a sovereign tomorrow. These core values are irreversibly intertwined with Cuban culture and continue to inspire generations.
Historical Significance of the Cuban Flag
The origins of the Cuban flag trace back to the mid-19th century, a period teeming with revolutionary fervor against Spanish colonial rule. Designed in 1849 by Narciso López, a Venezuelan-born general, the flag was first hoisted during his failed invasion of Cuba in 1850. This act marked the flag as a symbol of liberation and rebellion—a harbinger of the turbulent years ahead.
López dreamed of an independent Cuba, and his design was infused with aspirations for a future free from colonial domination. Shortly after its initial unfurling, the flag became intertwined with the island’s quest for independence, especially during the Ten Years’ War and the Cuban War of Independence. It’s during these conflicts that the flag’s colors and shapes took on a deeper resonance—the blue stripes mirroring the Cuban skies, the white purity of their cause, and the red triangle signifying the blood spilled for freedom.
The 20th Century witnessed the Cuban flag becoming a cornerstone of national identity. Following Cuba’s liberation from Spain in 1898 and through the Cuban Revolution in 1959, the flag underwent elevations in status and symbolism. Notably, revolutionaries like José Martí and Fidel Castro revered the flag for its historical importance, cementing it as a unifying icon that encapsulates the island’s indomitable will for sovereignty and justice.
Throughout Cuban history, the flag has been ever-present in national celebrations, moments of great political significance and everyday life. Citizens display the flag to express patriotism, and it’s also a ubiquitous sight during international sports events, cultural festivals, and diplomatic affairs. The flag represents not only a storied past but also the enduring spirit of Cubans, their sense of unity, and continued efforts to forge their narrative on their terms.
Evolution of the Cuban Flag Throughout History
As the Cuban flag journeyed through history, its design evolved, mirroring the island’s tumultuous path toward nationhood. The original flag, conceived in 1849 by Narciso López, featured five blue and white alternating stripes and a red equilateral triangle containing a white star, known as La Estrella Solitaria (the Lone Star). This design served as a powerful call to arms during the struggle for independence.
In the early 20th century, the flag underwent subtle changes. Post-independence, the blue stripes were modified to a lighter shade, signifying the change from a colonial landscape to an independent state. It wasn’t until May 20, 1902, when Cuba was finally recognized as a sovereign nation, that the flag was officially adopted, raising the profile of its design to a national emblem of pride.
Throughout the years, the Cuban flag’s visibility increased significantly. The government offices, schools, and public buildings displayed the flag prominently. It fluttered at diplomatic missions worldwide, helping to establish Cuba’s presence on the international stage. The flag’s use became so widespread that laws were introduced to regulate its display, ensuring it was always flown with the dignity and respect it deserved.
- Official gazettes outlined the flag’s dimensions and color specifications
- Protocols were established for moments of mourning, requiring the flag to be flown at half-mast
- Educational campaigns emphasized the flag’s symbolic value, reinforcing its prominence in Cuba’s cultural landscape
Amidst Cuba’s transformative political climate of the mid-20th century, the flag remained a steady emblem of national continuity. Despite political upheavals and changes in leadership, the flag’s core design was inviolate, symbolizing the essence of the Cuban spirit in a way that remained relatable to every citizen’s heart.
In the modern era, the Cuban flag has been embraced by all facets of society. It’s a fixture at national celebrations, a symbol proudly worn, and a beacon for the Cuban diaspora. As a living testament to the nation’s history, the flag continues to wave, a representation of Cuba’s resilience and unity in an ever-changing world.
The Cuban flag stands as a testament to the nation’s enduring spirit and unity. Its journey from inception to the emblem we see today reflects Cuba’s rich history and the resilience of its people. As it flutters proudly across the island and in Cuban communities worldwide, the flag continues to be a beacon of national pride. It’s not just a piece of fabric but a symbol woven into the very fabric of Cuba’s national identity. Whether raised high during times of celebration or held close during moments of reflection, the Cuban flag remains an unwavering symbol of a nation’s past, present, and future.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the origin of the Cuban flag?
The original Cuban flag was created in 1849, featuring blue and white stripes, a red triangle, and a white star. It symbolizes the country’s struggle for independence.
When was the Cuban flag officially adopted?
The Cuban flag was officially adopted as the national emblem on May 20, 1902.
How has the Cuban flag changed over time?
Over time, the Cuban flag has undergone subtle modifications but has maintained its basic design since its inception.
What does the Cuban flag represent today?
Today, the Cuban flag represents Cuba’s resilience, unity, and national identity. It is a symbol embraced by all facets of Cuban society.
Are there any laws regulating the display of the Cuban flag?
Yes, there are laws in Cuba that regulate the proper display and use of the national flag to ensure it is respected as a symbol of the nation.This wide-angle image (17,000 AU from top to bottom) shows the region around Haro 6-5b, which is located at the center of the field. Towards the bottom, colored in green, is a jet of glowing gas emitted from Haro 6-5b. The entire region is filled with dark dust. The disk of Haro 6-5b confines light emitted from the star into cones above and below the disk (something like a lampshade), illuminating the surrounding dust and forming the large hourglass-shaped pattern seen in the image.
Object Name: Haro 6-5B
Image Type: Astronomical
Credit: John Krist (STScI) and the WFPC2 Science Team
To access available information and downloadable versions of images in this news release, click on any of the images below:EURUSD به شکل گیری موج اصلاحی IV در داخل حرکت مقیاس بزرگ ادامه می دهد. این موج تصحیح چرخه یک زیگزاگ دوتایی اولیه Ⓦ-Ⓧ-Ⓨ است.
مرحله اکشن Ⓦ به پایان رسیده است. یک موج مداخله اصلاحی نزولی Ⓧ ممکن است اکنون در حال توسعه باشد. همچنین شبیه زیگزاگ استاندارد (A)-(B)-(C) است. اصلاح میانی مثلثی (B) اخیراً به پایان رسیده است و قیمت ممکن است اکنون در آخرین موج ضربه (C) باشد.
پیشنهاد می شود که قیمت ممکن است تا 1.016 کاهش یابد. در این سطح، پالس (C) 161.8 درصد از اولین پالس (A) خواهد بود.
یک سناریوی جایگزین نشان می دهد که تصحیح میانی (B) یک مثلث نیست بلکه یک زیگزاگ دوتایی است. پایان آن در اوج قبلی 1.103 امکان پذیر است، جایی که ما شاهد پایان اولین موج اکشن Ⓦ بودیم.
تنها پس از رسیدن به حداکثر قیمت ها کاهش می یابد. از طرف دیگر، فرض بر این است که موج تداخلی اولیه Ⓧ میتواند ساختاری افقی داشته باشد. سپس یک زیگزاگ نخواهد بود، بلکه یک سه گانه دوگانه خواهد بود.
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باز کردن یک حساب زندهImplementation of local governments’ investment projects depends on their ability to raise the necessary funds from a combination of own resources and external financing. Debt financing enables municipalities to carry out more infrastructure projects in a shorter time period as compared to the financing from own funds. However, the risks associated to borrowing have to be well understood and documented in terms of their potential impact on local budget in the future. Thus, before borrowing is undertaken, it is recommended that each local government has in place a debt management strategy and a written debt policy. The debt management strategy should ensure that the local government maintains at all times an adequate level of indebtedness (i) which would not impair its financial stability and (ii) which would enable it to implement the investment objectives.
The financial framework of local governments plays a key role in the sustainable development of local credit markets. The design of intergovernmental fiscal structure together with the accounting system and reporting procedures are important factors that are taken into consideration by financial institutions when assessing the opportunity to finance local governments. By establishing the general structure of local revenues and expenditures, the intergovernmental fiscal framework determines in broad terms the borrowing capacity of local governments from within a country.
Financial institutions need readable, credible, transparent and comparable financial documents and reports as an input in the credit risk analysis of local governments. This can only be achieved if local governments adhere to national accounting standards, which accurately reflect the true financial position of local governments.
Authorisation process of local borrowing should ensure that (i) all legal aspects related to local indebtedness are met, (ii) there is a real necessity to pursue external financing which benefits the local economy, (iii) the financial stability of the local government is not threatened by the future debt repayment. The central government’s involvement in the authorisation process should be limited to the control of the legal aspects related to local borrowing.
Limits to local indebtedness should be clearly stipulated in legislation on local public debt and should include at least the purpose of borrowing and maximum debt thresholds. Short term borrowing should be pursued only to cover temporary liquidity shortages while long-term borrowing is warranted to finance capital expenditures.
There are two major types of debt instruments available to finance municipal capital expenditures: (i) loans and (ii) bonds. Loans are granted by a financial institution (e.g. commercial bank) directly to the local government. Applying for a loan is less complex than the procedures required for bond issuance. From this point of view, loans are more advantageous to small and medium size municipalities seeking external finacing.
Many international financial institutions have dedicated programmes aimed at supporting and financing local governments’ infrastructure projects, especially in the emerging markets. The financing occurs either directly or indirectly, via intermediated loans to local banks. The terms and conditions of such loans are more favorable to the local governments than in case of typical commercial banking loans.
Bonds are the preferred form of financing for large capital investment projects which require long term financing. Bonds are issued by local governments either directly or via financial intermediaries (e.g. funds, banks) to institutional or individual investors. The cost of borrowing using bonds is usually lower than in case of a loan. There are two types of municipal bonds. A. General obligation bonds are secured by the local governments’ revenues stream. Such bonds are used to finance investments in public goods (public safety, streets and bridges, public parks and open space, public buildings etc.). B. Revenue bonds are backed by the stream of revenues generated by the project financed from the bond sale. Revenue bonds are not backed by the taxing power of the local government. Typical projects financed by revenue bonds include: municipally-owned airports, water and sewer systems, electric utilities, athletic and sport facilities and limited access highways.
Prior to establishing the terms and conditions of a financing agreement (be it loans or bonds), investors evaluate local governments’ creditworthiness. The creditworthiness of a local government measures both quantitatively and qualitatively its ability to repay debt. This is a rather complex process and covers (i) a thorough analysis of the local governments’ financial position, (ii) an assessment of the local economy in which the municipality operates (e.g. economic and political context) and (iii) an evaluation of the national macroeconomic environment. The depth of such analysis differs across financial institutions, depending on the degree of specialisation and knowledge on/ of the local governments’ segment.
Local governments should perform a self-assessment of their creditworthiness prior to approaching financial institutions. Thus they will be able to determine roughly how much money they can borrow without impairing their financial stability. Moreover, this self-assessment prepares local governments for the discussions with financial institutions which will take place at the time when they want to issue debt. It can also be used as a diagnostic tool by local governments to better understand the factors which may affect their financial stability as well as to perform certain scenario analysis.
Adequate, accurate and timely financial information on local governments’ operations benefits both investors and local governments. A uniform financial reporting format, which suites both local/ central governments’ and investors’ requirements, should be a top priority for national regulators, as a precondition for improved financial management performance. Local governments’ annual reports should include at least an administrative report, a balance-sheet and income statement as well as a cash-flow analysis (if accounting system is accrual based). Public disclosure of financial reports should be mandatory. Independent audits should be conducted on a regularly basis.
Local governments could also improve their financial management performance by applying for an external credit rating. By obtaining the credit rating, the local government will better understand what the main determinants of its creditworthiness are and can decide what changes are needed to improve its credit risk profile and thereby reduce its borrowing costs.
Depending on which type of debt instrument (loans or bonds) a local government wants to issue, there are different specialised financial institutions which should be approached. Local government loans are originated by: (i) municipal banks, (ii) commercial banks, (iii) international financial institutions and (iv) municipal development funds. Bonds are intermediated by commercial/ investment banks or brokerage houses. The existence and availability of these financial institutions to finance local governments depends on the architecture (bank lending model or bond model) and development of the local credit market. Central and local authorities should promote specific measures aimed at supporting the development of sustainable credit markets by minimizing the risk of market failures.
Meeting lender’s expectations will increase local governments’ chances to borrow under good conditions. Local economic conditions, budgetary performance, financial and political flexibility, project management capacity, transparency and disclosure, the quality of the budgeting process, the existence of a debt management and capital investment strategy, available guarantees are all important aspects that influence a local government’s borrowing capacity.
In the process of contracting new loans or issuing bonds local governments have to undergo tender procedures in order to select the lending/ underwriting financial institution. Thus it is essential for local governments to draft the tender documentation in a way which ensures (i) that eligible bidders have the adequate level of knowledge and experience for the project to be financed and (ii) that selection criteria used to assess lenders’ offers enables local governments to obtain the most competitive loan structure in a transparent way.
Besides financial institutions, local governments in EU member and accession countries can tap on financial resources from grants offered by the European Union (EU). In member states such local government projects may frequently exceed 15 million EURO. The value of the projects put forward by local governments in accession countries is smaller, but the benefits of financing local capital investment through EU grants are unquestionable nevertheless.
Local governments can obtain external resources using a wide range of borrowing instruments. However, each instrument is suited to finance only certain types of activities. Short term financing instruments include: (i) working capital credit line – local government draws funds from the credit line, on which they pay interest, to finance temporary revenue shortages; principal is usually rolled over, (ii) bridge loans – are a special type of short term loan where financing for a capital investment project is provided for a transitory period until the main (long term) financing is obtained. Medium and long-term borrowing should be pursued by local governments when financing capital investment projects. Long-term borrowing to cover current expenditures is usually prohibited by law and must be avoided anyway.
Planning the structure of a financing package should be in line with a local government’s debt management and capital investment strategy. When negotiating with the financial institution(s), local governments have to think at maturity, grace period, interest rates, fees, drawdown (loan disbursement), refinancing etc. After securing the financing package local governments have to generate enough revenues to pay for debt service and also allow for additional lending or direct investment. Unfortunately, when things do not go as planned, local communities must deal with loan restructuring and sometimes default.
Restructuring of a loan should be contemplated as an option when local governments enter a period of financial distress. Restructuring should be foreseen, whenever this is possible, from the beginning when the financing contract is signed with the bank. Restructuring of a bank loan usually involves the following elements: (i) refinancing, (ii) maturity extension, (iii) reshaping the debt service schedule to match the client’s projected cash-flows, (iv) writing off a portion of the debt (haircut).
The establishment of local government associations can help the development of the local credit market. Local government associations are voluntary membership organizations, which comprise local governments from within a country or region, acting as an effective and authoritative advocate on members’ behalf in relation to central government, the parliament, potential investors and other stakeholders. With regard to local public debt local government associations should aim to (i) create and/or improve appropriate legislation, (ii) monitor the impact of relevant legislation, (iii) provide information and statistics to potential lenders, central government and other stakeholders and (iv) assist member local governments to develop and improve debt management plans and operations.
In relation to lenders, local governments associations should mediate communication and information flows between local governments and potential investors.
In relation to member local governments, associations should (i) provide assistance to members in structuring and financing investment; (ii) maintain ongoing communication with member local governments to set/develop best practices in accordance with international standards.
In relation to central governments and parliaments, associations should lobby and campaign for changes in policy, legislation and funding on behalf of its members.Alt Kategoriler:
ABD Başkanı Donald Trump, Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyinde (BMGK) İran'a silah ambargosunun uzatılmamasına tepki olarak gelecek hafta bu ülkeye yeni yaptırımlar getireceklerini duyurdu.
Hafta sonu tatili için gittiği New Jersey'de basın toplantısı düzenleyen Trump, gündeme ilişkin değerlendirmelerde bulundu.
BMGK'da cuma günkü "İran'a silah ambargosunun uzatılmaması" kararı için "bunu bekliyord
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دیگران درباره ی شخصیت تان چیست. این آینه می تواند مربی یا مشاوری شخصی، یک دوست، همکاری قابل اطمینان و یا حتا فرایندی طراحی شده برای درک نظر زیردستان تان باشد. بدون این خودارزیابی، تلاش برای تأثیر گذاشتن بر گروه کاری تان بیهوده خواهد بود.
رهبران به توانایی های شخصی نیاز دارند
دومین ستون اصلی این چادر توانایی های شخصی رهبر است. این توانایی ها جدا از مهارت های رهبری است.
پژوهش های ما نشان داده است برای اینکه رهبری قدرت و نفوذ کافی داشته باشد باید از این توانایی ها برخوردار شود.
برخی از این توانایی ها عبارتند از:
دانش فنی: بهترین رهبران حداقل از یکی از توانایی های فنی تجارتی که به آن مشغول هستند، برخوردارند.
اطلاعات کافی دربارهی محصول: رهبران بزرگ باید درک و دانش کافی داشته باشند از آنچه سازمان شان تولید می کند. . همچنین آنان باید بدانند که چرا این محصول تولیدی از دیگر محصولات رقیب برتر است.
مهارت تحليل و حل مسئله: این مهارت شامل توانایی شناخت تحلیل و یافتن راه حل نهایی برای حل مشکلات پیچیده است.
مهارت های حرفه ای: رهبران عالی باید از مهارت کافی و مناسب نوشتاری، معرفی و ارائه ی محصول، برنامه ریزی کارآمد فعالیت ها، نظارت بر پیشرفت و پیش بردن کار بدون نظارت پنهان برخوردار باشند.
نوآوری: نوآوری یعنی توانایی رهبر برای یافتن دیدگاه های جدید در حل مشکلات، رهایی از شیوه های قدیمی و ناکارآمد و دیدن فرصت های تازه.
ابتکار عمل: بهترین رهبران همیشه مراقب مواردی هستند که می تواند در روند پیشرفت کار اختلال ایجاد کند و بی درنگ این موارد را حل و فصل می کنند.
کاربرد مؤثر فناوری اطلاعات: رهبران عالی پیوسته از فناوری های اطلاعاتی جدید مانند نامه های الکترونیک، نرم افزارهای جامع و سودمند و هرگونه فناوری دیگری که روند پیشرفت کار را تسهیل می کند، استفاده می کنند.
کارشناسان حرفه ای، جین دالتون و پاول تامپسون توضیح می دهند که رهبران موفق در طی چهار مرحله ی حرفه ای پیشرفت می کنند. هیچ یک از این مراحل قابل حذف نیست.
مرحله ی اول مربوط به زمانی است که رهبران باید ثابت کنند توانایی آموختن نکات مربوط به تجارت مورد نظر را دارند و می توانند زمینه ای قدرتمند از اطلاعات کارشناسی فنی در این باره را به وجود آورند.
در مرحله ی دوم نیز رهبران به آموزش ادامه می دهند تا اینکه به صورت استقلال یافته بتوانند امور مربوط به خود را پیش ببرند.
در مرحله ی سوم آنان به مربیان و خبرگانی تبدیل می شوند که می توانند این توانایی ها را در دیگران ایجاد کنند و به آموزش آنان بپردازند.
در مرحله آخر آن ها تبدیل به کارشناسان دوراندیش و ماهر سازمان خود شده اند و می توانند سازمان شان را در مسیرهایی جدید راهبری کنند.
بسیاری اوقات رهبران به مرحله ی آخر، یعنی به کارشناسان دوراندیش و ماهر سازمان خود تبدیل شده اند و می توانند سازمان شان را در مسیرهایی جدید راهبری کنند.
بسیاری اوقات رهبران به مرحله ای می رسند که احساس می کنند دیگر نیازی به آموختن چیزی ندارند. آنان گمان می کنند که زمانی را باید صرف آموزش خود کنند و پس از آن، زمان عمل بر اساس این آموزش ها فرا رسیده است و دیگر به آموزش نیازی ندارند. بهترین رهبران هرگز روند آموختنی را متوقف نمی کنند.
در این جا چند شیوه برای به حداکثر رساندن توانایی های شخصی تان آمده است:
فناوری مورد نظر را به خوبی بشناسید
زیر دستانتان به خوبی از تلاش شما برای کسب اطلاعات و دانش درباره ی فناوری های مورد نظرتان باخبر می شوند. آنچه را که نمیدانید با فروتنی بپذیرید.
مهارت های حرفه ای خود را تکمیل کنید
مدیران بدون توانایی ارتباط برقرار گرفتن با کارکنان نمی توانند مدیریت کنند.
شیوه های نو را بیازمایید
مدیران بزرگ به نوآوری و ابتکار عمل می پردازند. آنان از چارچوب های متداول خارج می شوند و برای آزمودن شیوه های جدید تردیدی به دل راه نمی دهند.
منبع: راهنمای رهبران - جان .زنگر - جوزف فولکمن - ترجمه فرشید قهرمانی - سید مهرداد هاشمیadd-spell-rule - Add a new spelling rule to the dictionary
n add-spell-rule [ "rule-letter" "base-ending" "remove" "derive-ending" ]
add-spell-rule adds a new spelling rule to the speller. The rules effectively define the prefix and suffix character replacements of words, which is given an alphabetical identifier used within the speller , in conjunction with the language dictionary. The letter conventions are defined by the Free Software Foundation GNU ispell(1) package.
add-spell-rule is used in the MicroEmacs '06 dictionary initialization files called <language>r.emf, e.g. americar.erf, britishr.erf supplied in the MicroEmacs macros directory.
The command takes a single numeric argument n to control the addition of a rule to the speller, as follows:-
-1 add-spell-rule "rule-letter" "base-ending" "" "deriv-ending"
-2 add-spell-rule "rule-letter" "base-ending" "" "deriv-ending"
"rule-letter" is any character in the range A-z except '_', all rules of the given letter must be a prefix rule of the same type (i.e. same argument). The start of a base word must match the given "base-ending" regular expression string for the rule to be applied, the "remove" string must be empty for a prefix and the "deriv-ending" is the prefix string. Example, for the American language;-
-2 add-spell-rule "I" "" "" "in" ; As in disposed > indisposed
A prefix rule of type 'I' can be applied to any base word which has rule 'I' enabled, and it prefixes "in" to the word.
1 add-spell-rule "rule-letter" "base-ending" "remove" "deriv-ending"
2 add-spell-rule "rule-letter" "base-ending" "remove" "deriv-ending"
"rule-letter" is any character in the range A-z, all rules of the given letter must be a suffix rule of the same type (i.e. same argument). The end of a base word must match the given "base-ending" regular expression string for the rule to be applied, the "remove" string must be a fixed string and the "deriv-ending" must also be a fixed string which is appended to the base-word after "remove" has been removed. Example, for the American language;-
2 add-spell-rule "N" "e" "e" "ion" ; As in create > creation 2 add-spell-rule "N" "y" "y" "ication" ; As in multiply > multiplication 2 add-spell-rule "N" "[^ey]" "" "en" ; As in fall > fallen
A suffix rule of type 'N' can be applied to any base word which has rule 'N' enabled, and it can be used with prefixes, e.g. with rule;-
-2 add-spell-rule "A" "" "" "re" ; As in enter > reenter
to derive "recreation" from "create". A rule which cannot be used with prefixes, i.e.:
1 add-spell-rule "V" "e" "e" "ive" ; As in create > creative 1 add-spell-rule "V" "[^e]" "" "ive" ; As in prevent > preventive
While some prefix words are legal, such as "recreative" but some are not, such as "collect" where "recollect" is correct, so is "collective" but "recollective" is not.
Following are special forms of add-spell-rule used for tuning the spell support, note that an argument can not be given:-
add-spell-rule "-" "<y|n>"
Enables and disables the acceptance of hyphens joining correct words. By default the phrase "out-of-date" would be accepted in American even though the phrase does not exist in the American dictionary. This is because the three words making up the phrase are correct and by default hyphens joining words are allowed. Some Latin language such as Spanish do not use this concept so this feature can be disable.
add-spell-rule "#" "score"
Sets the maximum allowed error score when creating a spelling guess list. When comparing a dictionary word with the user supplied word, spell checks for differences, each difference or error is scored in the range of 20 to 27 points, once the maximum allowed score has been exceeded the word is ignored. The default guess error score is 60, allowing for 2 errors.
add-spell-rule "*" "regex"
Adds a correct word in the form of a regex if a word being spell checked is completely matched by the regex the word is deemed to be correct. For example, the following rule can be used to make the spell-checker allow all hex numbers:
add-spell-rule "*" "0[xX][[:xdigit:]]+"
This will completely match the words "0x0", "0xff" etc but not "0x00z" as the whole word is not matched, only the first 4 letters.
The format of the dictionary is a list of base words with each word having a list of rules which can be applied to that word. Therefore the list of words and the rules used for them are linked e.g.
aback abaft abandon/DGRS abandonment/S abase/DGRS abasement/S abash/DGS abashed/U abate/DGRS
where the "/..." is the valid list of rules for that word.
The '_' character is used to separate different rule lists for a single word.
The format of the dictionary word list and the rule list is compatible with ispell(1).
Copyright (c) 1998-2006 JASSPA
Last Modified: 2002/01/11
Generated On: 2006/10/07نوشتن مقاله یکی از ضروریات شغلی و تحصیلی برای دانشجویان و اعضای هیات علمی و محققان است. یکی از مشکلاتی که این افراد با آن سر و کار دارند، نحوه رفرنس دهی است. در بسیاری از مواقع، عدم آشنایی با نحوه رفرنس دهی صحیح باعث اتلاف وقت و برگشت مقالات و حتی رد آنها می شود. رفرنس نویسی به روش apa یکی از منعطف ترین و بهترین نحوه های رفرنس دهی است که در این مطلب به آن می پردازیم.
در انتها نیز یک نمونه مقاله به روش apa رفرنس داده شده را نیز قرار داده ایم.
برای آشنایی بیشتر با نحوه رفرنس نویسی می توانید دوره رفرنس دهی را نیز از وامو تهیه کنید. همچنین می توانید از مشاوره کارشناسان تیم وامو بهره بگیرید.
رفرنس نویسی به سبک apa چیست؟
ای پی ای یا APA از عبارت American Psychological Association گرفته شده و امروزه یکی از مرسوم ترین روش های رفرنس نویسی در جهان است. از مزیتهای رفرنس دهی به روش apa سریع و آسان بودن ساختارش است که مورد پذیرش بسیاری از مجلات علمی قرار دارد. استفاده از رفرنس نویسی به سبک apa در رشته های علوم انسانی، علوم اجتماعی و نیز بهداشت مورد پذیرش می باشد.
برای آشنایی با سایر استایلهای رفرنس نویسی می توانید مطلب رفرنس دهی ونکوور را نیز مطالعه کنید.
رفرنس نویسی به روش apaدر متن به چه صورت است؟
در هنگام نگارش یک مقاله، کتاب، پایان نامه یا پروپوزال در رفرنس نویسی به روش apaبسته به منبعی که از آن نقل قول می کنیم روش رفرنس نویسی به سبک APA اندکی فرق دارد.
رفرنس دهی به روش apa در داخل متن به یک کتاب
برای رفرنس دهی کتاب به روش apa در داخل متن در صورت نقل قول مستقیم از این فرمول استفاده می شود:
(نام نویسنده، سال انتشار، شماره صفحه) در انتهای جمله مربوطه در داخل پرانتز
نکته: اگر نقل قول غیرمستقیم باشد نیازی به شماره صفحه نیست.
در صورتی که تعداد نویسنده ها بین یک الی سه نفر باشد، باید نام تمامی آن ها نوشته شود.
نمونه ارجاع درون متنی به روش apa به یک کتاب با سه نویسنده:
(بشارت، املشی، جهانشاهی، ۱۴۰۱)
رفرنس دهی apa در پروپوزال فرقی با روش apa رفرنس دهی در پایان نامه یا در مقاله ندارد. در تمامی این موارد در صورت نقل قول مستقیم از فرمولی که بالاتر ذکر شد استفاده می شود. اما در صورتی که نقل قول غیرمستقیم باشد شماره صفحه نوشته نمی شود.
روش apa رفرنس دهی در مقاله نیز به همین صورت می باشد.
روش apa رفرنس دهی در ورد نیز در صورتی که از یکی از نرم افزارهای رفرنس نویسی استفاده کنید بسیار راحت است. برای روش apa رفرنس دهی در ورد کافیست افزونه مربوط به نرم افزار رفرنس نویسی در ورد فعال باشد و با یک کلیک این روش را از بین گزینه های موجود انتخاب کنید.
بنابراین ارجاع درون متنی به روش apa به چند صورت خواهد بود:
• یک نویسنده:
(بشارت، ۱۴۰۱)
• دو نویسنده:
(بشارت و املشی، ۱۴۰۱)
• تا سه نویسنده:
(بشارت، املشی و جهانشاهی، ۱۴۰۱)
• بیشتر از سه نویسنده:
(بشارت، املشی، جهانشاهی و همکاران، ۱۴۰۱)
اگر از متن مقاله دیگری عینا استفاده شده که خود آن هم نقل قولی از شخص دیگری است (نقل قول دست سوم) به صرت زیر در متن به آن اشاره می شود:
(بشارت ۱۳۹۹، به نقل از روشندل ۱۳۹۶)
قابل توجه اینکه باید متنی که عینا رونویسی شده (نقل قول مستقیم) داخل گیومه قرار بگیرد.
رفرنس دهی به روش apa در قسمت منابع در متون مختلف به چه صورت است؟
رفرنس دهی به روش apa یک نوع رایج از ارجاع به منابع مورداستفاده در متون مختلف است. مانند تمام انواع روشهای رفرنس نویسی، در رفرنس نویسی به سبک apa یک بخش منابع در انتهای متن درنظر گرفته می شود که تمام ارجاعات و رفرنس هایی که انجام گرفته است باید در این قسمت به ترتیب حروف الفبا قرار بگیرند. ملاک ترتیب بندی بر اساس حروف الفبا، اولین حرف نام خانوادگی نویسنده اول است. یعنی فرقی ندارد این منبع در کجای متن استفاده شده باشد در انتهای متن به ترتیب حروف الفبا مرتب خواهد شد.
• منابعی که بیش از شش نویسنده دارند بعد از ششمین نویسنده «و همکاران» اضافه میشود؛
برخی موارد به دلیل اینکه نوشتن نام شش نویسنده، باعث طولانی شدن متن می شود توصیه می شود که به نوشتن نام سه نفر اول اکتفا کرده واز کلمه همکاران یا et. al استفاده شود.
رفرنس دهی سایت به روش apa به چه صورت است؟
زمانی که از یک سایت (البته معتبر) به عنوان رفرنس استفاده می شود، تنها فرقی که دارد این است که تاریخ دسترسی به آن منبع و نیز آدرس لینک دسترسی به آن نیز باید قید شود.
در استناد به منابع اینترنتی، در انتها، تاریخ دسترسی به منبع نیز قید می شود.
رفرنس نویسی به روش apa در منابع چاپ نشده :
اگر در رفرنسها از منابع چاپ نشده مانند پایان نامه ها یا گزارشات طرح های پژوهشی استفاده شود، رفرنس دهی به روش apaفرقی با موارد قبلی ندارد فقط در انتهای منبع باید نوشته شود: چاپ نشده یا گزارش طرح….
اگر در رفرنسها بیشتر از یک مقاله از یک نویسنده در یک سال وجود دارد باید با حروف ابجد از هم تفکیک شوند:
به عنوان مثال:
بشارت، سیما (۱۴۰۱ الف)……..
بشارت، سیما (۱۴۰۱ ب)…….
در رفرنس نویسی به روش apaنحوه رفرنس دهی به کتاب به چه صورت است؟
یکی از مزایای رفرنس نویسی به سبک apa این است که تفاوت چندانی وجود ندارد. یعنی همانطور که به مقاله رفرنس داده می شود، کتاب هم همینطور است. البته تفاوتهایی در مورد آثار تالیفی و آثاری که ترجمه می شوند وجود دارد. مانند مثال زیر:
فرمول:
نام خانوادگی، نام (سال انتشار). عنوان کتاب. محل انتشار کتاب: نام انتشارات
بشارت، سیما (۱۳۸۸). آشنایی با بیماری التهابی روده. گلستان: انتشارات ریحانی
اگر تعداد نویسنده های کتابی تا سه نفر باشد، بازهم مانند مقالات تا سه نفر ذکر می شوند اما اگر بیشتر از این تعداد باشند بعد از ذکر نام سه نفر او بقیه تحت عنوان همکاران نوشته خواهند شد.
اگر کتاب ترجمه باشد مانند فرمول بالا عمل می شود با این تفاوت که ابتدا نام نویسنده اصلی کتاب و سپس عنوان کتاب نوشته می شود. بعد از ذکر عنوان کتاب باید نام مترجم و سال ترجمه هم نوشته شود و در انتها نیز نام انتشارات.
در رفرنس دهی به روش apa نحوه رفرنس دهی مقالات به چه صورت است؟
رفرنس دادن به مقالات در قسمت منابع، رفرنس دهی به روش apa مشابه رفرنس دهی به کتاب است. فرمول کلی رفرنس دهی مقالات به روش apa به صورت زیر است:
نام خانوادگی، نام. (سال انتشار). عنوان مقاله. عنوان مجله. والیوم (شماره). صفحات.
نمونه رفرنس دهی به روش APA برای مقاله:
جعفری، علی، نوروزی، زهرا، عیسی پناه املشی، فاضل و همکاران (۱۴۰۱). افسردگی و ارتباط آن با پایبندی به رژیم فاقد گلوتن در بیماران مبتلا به سلیاک. مجله علمي دانشگاه علوم پزشكي گرگان، ۲۴ (۴) :۹۸-۱۰۳
همانطور که در این مثال مشاهده می کنید، چون تعداد نویسنده های بیشتر از شش نفر بوده بعد از ذکر سه نفر اول، باقی افراد
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نمودارهای میله ای و نمودارهای شمعی همان اطلاعات را نشان می دهند ، فقط به روشی متفاوت. الگوهای کندل استیک به دلیل برنامه نویسی رنگ در میله های قیمت و همین طور بدنه ی اصلی ضخیم تر ،بصری تر هستند که بهتر است تفاوت بین قیمت باز و بسته شده را برجسته کنند.
نمودار بالا همان صندوق قابل معامله در بورس (الگوهای شمعی دو کندلی ETF) را در مدت مشابه زمانی نشان می دهد. نمودار پایین از میله های رنگی استفاده می کند درحالی که نمودار بالا از کندل استیک های رنگی استفاده می کند. برخی معامله گران ترجیح می دهند ضخامت بدنه ی اصلی را ببینند در حالی که برخی دیگر نمای تمیز نمودارهای میله ای را ترجیح می دهند.
الگوی کندل پوششی و انبرک پایین و بالا
در این مقاله از مقالات آموزش فارکس شما را با الگوهای دیگری از نمودارهای شمعی ژاپنی آشنا خواهیم کرد.
آیا از الگوهای شمعی ژاپنی تک کندلی الگوی بهتری هم داریم؟
بله، الگوهای دو کندلی!
برای شناسایی الگوهای شمعی ژاپنی دوگانه ، باید به دنبال آرایش کندلی باشید که در مجموع از دو کندل تشکیل شده است.
الگوی کندل پوششی یا انگالفینگ
دو نوع کندل پوششی وجود دارد: کندل پوششی صعودی و کندل پوششی نزولی.
الگوی پوششی صعودی یا انگالفینگ صعودی یک الگوی برگشتی دو کندلی است که ممکن است خبر از نزدیک شدن یک حرکت قوی رو به بالا دهد.
این الگو جایی رخ می دهد که بلافاصله بعد از یک کندل نزولی ، یک کندل صعودی بزرگتر می آید.
این کندل دوم کندل نزولی را “پوشش” داده است. این بدان معناست که خریداران در حال گرم کردن خود هستند و ممکن است پس از روند نزولی اخیر یا یک دوره کف سازی ، یک حرکت صعودی قوی شکل گیرد.
و در طرف دیگر الگوی پوششی نزولی برعکس الگوی صعودی است.
این الگوی شمعی ژاپنی زمانی اتفاق می افتد که بلافاصله پس از کندل صعودی ، یک کندل نزولی بیاید که کاملاً آن را “پوشش” دهد.
این بدان معنی است که قدرت فروشندگان بر خریداران چربیده و احتمال یک حرکت شدید به سمت پایین وجود دارد.
چند نکته در اعتبار الگوی پوششی:
- الگوی پوششی باید بعد از یک روند صعودی یا نزولی واضح رخ دهد
- بدنه کندل دوم باید کاملا بدنه کندل قبلی را پوشش دهد
- سقف کندل دوم باید بالاتر از کندل قبلی و کف آن پایینتر از کندل قبلی باشد
- سایز کندل های تشکیل دهنده الگو نباید خیلی کوچک باشد
- در بازارهای پر تلاطم و پر نوسان اعتبار کمتری دارد
الگوی انبرک بالایی و انبرک پایینی
الگوهای انبرک (توییزر) دو الگوی کندل برگشتی هستند.
این الگوی کندلی معمولاً پس از یک روند ممتد صعودی یا ممتد نزولی مشاهده می شود و می تواند نشان دهنده این باشد که به زودی برگشت خواهیم داشت.
دو نوع الگوی انبرک وجود دارد: انبرک پایینی و انبرک بالایی.الگوهای شمعی دو کندلی
توجه کنید که چگونه آرایش کندل ها مانند یک انبرک هستند!
معتبر ترین انبرک ها دارای مشخصات زیر هستند:
- کندل اول ادامه روند کلی است. اگر قیمت در حال افزایش است ، اولین کندل باید صعودی باشد.
- کندل دوم عکس روند کلی است. اگر قیمت در حال افزایش است ، کندل دوم باید نزولی باشد.
- سایه های کندل ها الگوهای شمعی دو کندلی باید نقطه پایانی یکسانی داشته باشند.
- سقف انبرک های بالایی باید یکسان بوده ، و کف انبرک های پایینی نیز باید یکسان باشند.
- اگر الگوی انبرک در یک سقف یا کف جدید شکل گیرد اعتبار بیشتری دارد
- اگر کندل اول بدنه بزرگ و کندل دوم بدنه کوچکی داشته باشد اعتبار الگو بیشتر است
معنای الگوی انبرک این است که بازار به یک ناحیه حمایتی یا مقاومتی برخورد کرده است. در روند نزولی دیگر فروشنده ها تمایل به فروش ندارند. و در روند صعودی دیگر خریدار جدیدی وجود ندارد. ترکیب الگوی انبرک با یک الگوی دیگر مثل الگوی پوششی می تواند به اعتبار آن بیافزاید.
انواع الگوهای کندل استیک (بخش اول)
انواع الگوهای کندل استیک از مهمترین ابزارهای تحلیل تکنیکال در بازارهای مالی به حساب میآیند. از کنار هم قرار گرفتن کندلها بر روی نمودار الگوهایی ایجاد میشود که اطلاعات زیادی در رابطه با جو روانی بازار، حرکت قیمتها و … در اختیار ما قرار میدهد. در واقع به کمک این الگوها میتوان به تحلیل شرایط بازار و پیشبینی روند آن پرداخت.
به دلیل اهمیت این الگوهای پرکاربرد امروز در این مطلب میخواهیم از انواع الگوهای کندل استیک صحبت کنیم.
کندلها چه کارایی دارند؟
کندلها در نمودار قیمتهای بالا و پایین، باز و بسته شدن یک اوراق بهادار را به نمایش میگذارند و به ما کمک میکنند تا درک بهتری از روند بازار داشته باشیم و بتوانیم در نقاط درستی اقدام به خرید و فروش ارز یا کالایی کنیم. کندلها زمانی کاربرد دارند که بازار دارای روند باشند.
الگوهای ایجاد شده توسط کندلها در نمودار از مهمترین نقاط قوت کندلها هستند. نمودارهای شمعی معیار دقیقی برای به تصویر در آروردن احساسات و هیجانات سرمایهگذارها هستند. با درک این شاخصها است که میتوان زمانی درست را برای خرید یا فروش تخمین زد. دلیل اهمیت کندل استیکها در بازار کریپتو، بازار سهام، معاملات فارکس و معاملات آتی هم همین موضوع است.
اجزای مختلف کندل استیکها
نمودارهای شمعی دو بخش دارند: یکی بدنه اصلی و دیگری سایه. بدنهی شمع قیمت شروع و پایان را در یک دوره زمانی مشخص به نمایش الگوهای شمعی دو کندلی میگذارد. بالا و پایین هر شمع دو سایه (shadow) وجود دارد که به آنها سایه بالایی و پایینی گفته میشود. سایهها الگوهای شمعی دو کندلی دامنه نوسان را در طول دوره زمانی داد و ستد به نمایش میگذارند.
زمانی که رشد قیمت داریم و به عبارتی قیمت باز شدن یک سهم / ارز از قیمت بسته شدن آن کمتر باشد، کندل یا سبز رنگ یا سفید رنگ یا تو خالی است. برعکس اگر کاهش قیمت داشته باشیم و قیمت باز شدن از قیمت بسته شدن بیشتر باشد، کندل تو پر به رنگ مشکی یا قرمز خواهد بود.
آشنایی با الگوها در نمودارهای کندل استیک (بخش اول)
حال که با پایه و اساس این نمودار آشنا شدیم، وقت آن است که با انواع الگوهای کندل استیک آشنا شویم و ببنیم که هر الگو چه معنی و مفهومی دارد. در این مقاله به معرفی بعضی از این الگوها میپردازیم.
ماروبزو (Marubozu)
این الگو دو دسته دارد: سفید و مشکی. ماروبزو مشکی را زمانی خواهیم داشت که کندل روند نزولی داشته باشد و هیچ سایهای در کندل دیده نشود. این کندل به معنی فشار زیاد فروشندگان است. در این الگو، قیمت باز شدن با قیمت سقف و قیمت بسته شدن با قیمت کف برابر است.
برعکس ماروبزو مشکی، زمانی شاهد ماروبزو سفید هستیم که کندل روند صعودی داشته باشد. در این الگو هم خبری از سایه بالا و پایین نیست و ماروبزو سفید به معنی فشار زیاد خریداران است. در چنین حالتی قیمت باز شدن با قیمت کف و قیمت بسته شدن با قیمت سقف برابر است.
زمانی در نمودارهای کندل با این الگو روبرو خواهیم شد که قیمت شروع و پایان یکی باشد. این الگوها بدنهای نازک دارند به قدری که عموماً به صورت یک خط نازک و باریک دیده میشوند.
میتوان گفت که این الگو به دلیل تردید بین خریدارها و فروشندهها شکل میگیرد. در بعضی مواقع پس از الگوی ماروبزو سفید، شاهد چنین الگویی هستیم به این معنی که قدرت خریدارها به پایان رسیده است و برای تداوم روند صعودی نیاز به ورود خریداران جدید است.
در مقابل اگر الگوی دوجی را بعد از الگوی ماروبزو مشکی داشته باشیم یعنی که فروشندهها کم بوده و برای تداوم روند نزولی لازم است که فروشندههای جدید در بازار داشته باشیم.
الگوی چکشی در پایان یک روند نزولی اتفاق میافتد و سه ویژگی اصلی دارد:
- بدنه کندل در بالای آن قرار دارد.
- سایهی پایینی بلند بوده و چیزی حدود دو تا سه برابر طول بدنه الگوهای شمعی دو کندلی است.
- سایهی بالایی یا خیلی کوتاه است یا اصلا وجود ندارد.
بدنه سفید در الگوی چکشی بیانگر این است که الگوهای شمعی دو کندلی الگو برای بازگشت قدرت بالایی دارد. به عبارتی به احتمال زیاد قیمت با افزایش روبرو خواهد بود.
دارآویز
الگوی دارآویز در پایان روند صعودی شکل میگیرد و به این معنی است که الگو به روند نزولی تغییر مسیر خواهد داد. مهمترین ویژگی این الگو قرار گرفتن بدنه در بالای آن است. علاوه بر این سایه پایینی بسیار بلند و حداقل دو برابر بدنه خواهد بود.
بدنهی مشکی در این الگو نشان از قدرت بالای الگو برای بازگشت به مسیر است.
چکش معکوس
این الگو هم همانند الگوی چکشی است و در انتهای روند نزولی تشکیل میشود با این تفاوت که بدنه در پایین الگو قرار میگیرد و سایه بالایی دو برابر بدنه است. رنگ سفید بدنه در این الگو نشانهی قدرت بالای الگو برای بازگشت به روند است.الگوهای شمعی دو کندلی
هارامی
این واژهی ژاپنی به معنی باردار بودن است و الگوی هارامی مساوی است با دو کندل که به اولی کندل مادر یا والده و به دومی کندل فرزند گفته میشود.
آنچه از این الگو میتوان برداشت کرد، متوقف یا کند شدن روند است. رنگ دو کندل در این الگو به طور معمول متفاوت است به این معنی که اگر کندل مادر سفید باشد، کندل فرزند مشکی خواهد بود. رنگ سفید معنی مثبت و رنگ مشکی معنی منفی دارد.
ستاره ثاقب
این الگو در پایان روند صعودی تشکیل شده و بدنه در انتهای پایینی آن قرار دارد و سایهی بالایی دو برابر بدنه است.
انبرک پایینی
الگوی انبرک پایینی دو شمع مشکی و سفید دارد. شکلگیری این الگو با کندل مشکی شروع میشود. بدنهی کندل نزولی بزرگ بوده و این کندل سایهای ندارد. در مرحلهی بعد کندل سفید را خواهیم داشت که در محدودهی قیمتی شمع اول خواهد بود. این کندل به شکل دوجی یا چکش معکوس شکل میگیرد.
دیگر انواع الگوهای کندل استیک را در مقالات آتی معرفی خواهیم کرد. امیدواریم آشنایی با این الگوها کمک کند تا مهارتهای معاملاتی خود را بهبود بخشید و عملکرد بهتری در بازارهای مالی داشته باشید.Christians and Muslims see the characteristics of God from quite different perspectives
Larry L. Lichtenwalter
It comes as no surprise that the Bible and the Koran create unique worldviews. Sacred writings generate worldviews in keeping with their respective meta‑narrative, reasoning, and symbolism. The assertions that each worldview both presuppose and project about God, the world, and human beings profoundly affect the adherent’s identity, spiritual experience, and ethics.
There are many similarities and differences between biblical and koranic thought about the being and character of God. On the one hand, the concept of God in the Koran is significantly similar to the concept of God in the Bible. Many of the same attributes of God are asserted in both. These include God as omniscient (all-knowing), omnipotent (all-powerful), omni-benevolent (all-good). Both recognize only one God. Both portray God as the self‑existent sovereign Creator of heaven and earth. Both exalt God as merciful. Both proclaim that God will someday judge the world. Both emphasize the oneness of God. Both affirm that God has sent prophets and has given sacred scriptures. Both unfold a paradox of divine transcendence and divine immanence.
As a result, Muslims and Christians use similar words to describe God. So much so that for some, Allah is merely the personal name for God in Islam, the Yahweh of Moses and the God of Jesus: i.e., there should be no distinction between Allah and the English word God. Any difference between the biblical God and koranic Allah would be solely a matter of language. At the very least, the corresponding witness of God should provide a context for understanding, dialogue, and bridge-building. Surely there is much to affirm between the two regarding how good and how great God is—and worthy of worship, allegiance, and the submission of one’s total self.
Despite such God‑affirming similarities, the Bible and the Koran often construe God (as well as humans and the world as a whole) in noticeably different ways and perspectives that make for significant differences both in theology and practice. The divergence is profound. As a result, Muslims have a fundamentally different understanding of God from Christians. They stress different aspects of God than Christians do. And Muslim faith and experience are remarkably different from Christian faith and experience. The reality is that the use of the word God for Muslims does not create the same mental picture or produce the same response as it does for Christians. These are matters of worldview. This begs the question: Since the Koran and the Bible uphold a high view of God, are they the same God? The answer is both Yes and No!
At the heart of the search for an answer to this question is the nature of religious experience—the practical implications of one’s vision of God in character, worship, and ethics. Clarity here can help Adventists connect better on the experiential level with their Muslim friends. The Bible and the Koran both exalt and hold God in high esteem. Both communicate an experience with God. But what is the nature of their respective experience in relation to their given vision of the nature of God? The Bible and the Koran engender a different conception of life, which in turn leads to an entirely different approach to spiritual experience, daily tasks, and problems. It is an unavoidable fact that we become what we worship.
This suggests several questions: “What have Christians become?” “What have Muslims become?” “What can Seventh‑day Adventists bring to the discussion of God that would make a difference in the life of their Muslim friends?” “What is there to learn from Muslims?” “What can Muslims learn from us?”
Christians read the Koran largely as a foreign text. They are unacquainted with its style, rhetoric, images, or nuances. Muslims likewise read Scripture as a foreign document, and to them, some aspects of its rhetoric and nuances are not only unacceptable, but also blasphemous. Furthermore, there is need to relate to inner spiritual matters of the soul longing for harmony with God and to touch the existential angst in both Christian and Muslim religious experience.
In fact, there is often a marked difference between the biblical witness of God and contemporary Christian witness of God. Much of the Christian view of God reflects exegetical, theological, and cultural interpretation or filtering of the Bible more than it does the Bible itself. Likewise there is often a marked difference between the koranic view of Allah and the Islamic witness of Allah. Much of the Islamic view of Allah reflects Hadith and Tafsir interpretation or cultural filtering of the Koran more than it does the Koran itself. What the Bible and the Koran say about God may not be the same as their respective readers/interpreters may imagine or articulate. It is hoped that the reader is encouraged toward a faithful reading of the respective texts rather than toward dependence on mere perceptions, experience, tradition, or culture in relation to those texts.
Ellen G. White writes that those who wait for Christ’s soon return are to say to the people of the world, “Behold your God.”1 She adds: “The last rays of merciful light, the last message of mercy to be given to the world, is a revelation of His character of love. The children of God are to manifest His glory. In their own life and character they are to reveal what the grace of God has done for them.”2 Biblical eschatology places the question of the character of God in the forefront of the Great Controversy. This is at the heart of Adventist eschatology. Surprisingly, the question of the character of God is at the heart of Islamic eschatology as well. The message of the Koran is for the most part eschatological in that it moves readers forward in time toward the Day of Judgment, at which Jesus will affirm who Allah really is.
The pulse of Seventh‑day Adventists’ eschatology springs from the three angels’ messages, which are to go to every part of the world: “‘Fear God and give glory to Him . . . worship Him who made . . .’” (Rev. 14:7).3 Fear God. Give Him glory. Worship Him alone. In essence, “Behold your God.”
So would Islam say to the same peoples of our world. But it would do so with an entirely different imagery and language and heart regarding God. Thus the questions: “What God?” “What vision of God is to be lifted up for the world to behold?” There is to be a revelation of God’s character of love—in both impassioned word and empowered life. “God is love,” the Bible declares (1 John 4:16). Those words comprise the opening sentence of Patriarchs and Prophets and the final words of The Great Controversy. The revelation of God’s character of love is to be at the heart of Seventh‑day Adventist personal life, witness, and mission in the world.
In this context, what is the biblical witness about God? What is the koranic witness about God? What is our Adventist end-time witness of the character of God? Are we saying, “Behold your God” or, “Behold our doctrine”?
The Nature of God in Scripture
We begin with what we (as readers of the Bible) understand, or should understand, both intellectually and experientially, in relation to the biblical witness of God—who God is in His being and in relation to His creation.
The Bible opens with a clear, concise vision of God: “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth” (Gen. 1:1). The simplicity of this opening statement belies its depth. It identifies the Creator. It explains the origin of the world. It ties the work of God in the past
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Soil Compaction
One of the most common ways that a lawn suffers is by being in compacted soil that is too hard to support adequate growing conditions. Tight soil conditions are hard environments for grassroots to thrive and compost can help provide a more hospitable soil environment. Compost works with the soil and is slowly mixed into the soil to produce natural energy.
- Naturally Supports the Environment
One of the biggest reasons to add compost to your yard before winter is that it’s an eco-friendly way to care for your lawn and garden. Compost piles are a continuous gardening practice that many gardeners use. Compost typically contains grass clippings, fallen leaves, and food scraps from your home and yard, adding another energy source for the soil. Compost is a natural and effective way to support not only the local environment but your mini backyard environment with good gardening practices.
Choosing to add compost to your yard before winter is essential in providing your soil with enough energy to withstand the cooler temperatures. The slower fall season allows the lawn to properly absorb the compost without too much foot traffic as well. Being a natural fighter against thatch and soil compaction also makes adding compost a logical choice for a healthy lawn. Naturally supporting the environment is also one of the other reasons to add compost to your yard before winter arrives.
Kelly Holland is a gardening and landscape design writer who loves experimenting in her kitchen. Her quirky nature loves a bright color palette so naturally, her coveted garden is covered in a rainbow of fruits, vegetable, and flowers.۳۱ اکتبر ۲۰۲۲ در آمریکا خواهر و برادر دوقلو ، لیدیا و تیموتی به دنیا آمدند.
به گزارش محققان ، لیدیا و تیموتی ریج وی از جنینهایی که در ۲۲ آوریل ۱۹۹۲ منجمد شده بودند به دنیا آمدند.
به گزارش محققان ، لیدیا و تیموتی ریج وی از جنینهایی که در ۲۲ آوریل ۱۹۹۲ منجمد شده بودند به دنیا آمدند.در آمریکا دوقلوهایی از رویانهایی که بیش از ۳۰ سال پیش منجمد شده بودند به دنیا آمدند.
مرکز ملی اهدای جنین (NEDC) بر این باور است که این جنینها طولانیترین مدت منجمد شدهای هستند که منجر به تولد شدهاند.
لیدیا و تیموتی ریج وی از رویانهایی که در ۲۲ آوریل ۱۹۹۲ منجمد شده بودند، در زمانی که جورج اچ دبلیو بوش رئیس جمهور آمریکا و جان میجر نخست وزیر بریتانیا بود، متولد شدند.
سی ان ان گزارش داد که این جنینها ابتدا برای یک زوج متاهل ناشناس ایجاد شدند و قبل از اهدای آنها به مرکز ملی در سال ۲۰۰۷ در یک آزمایشگاه باروری نگهداری شدند.
فیلیپ ریج وی، پدر این دوقلوها، پنج ساله بود که جنینها برداشت شدند.
پدر دوقلوها گفت: پنج ساله بودم که خدا به دوقلوهایم زندگی داد و او از آن زمان تا کنون زندگی شان را حفظ کرده است.
به یک معنا، آنها بزرگترین فرزندان ما هستند، حتی اگر کوچکترین فرزندان ما باشند.
فیلیپ و ریچل ریج وی چهار فرزند دیگر بین دو تا هشت ساله دارند.
در سال ۱۹۹۲، مادر بیولوژیکی آنها یک اهداکننده تخمک ۳۴ ساله بود در حالی که پدرشان ۵۰ ساله بود.
مارک ملینگر از NEDC، گفت: این یک رکورد جدید برای انتقال طولانیترین جنین منجمد شده است که منجر به تولد میشود.
همچنین در موردی مشابه ، مولی گیبسون در سال ۲۰۲۰ از یک جنین ۲۷ ساله به دنیا آمد و رکورد خواهرش اِما را شکست که از یک جنین منجمد شده به مدت ۲۴ سال به دنیا آمد.
منبع: سایت سکای نیوز
باشگاه خبرنگاران جوانعلمی پزشکیکلينيک
شناسه خبر: 872651Beetroot has been becoming increasingly popular as a superfood. Recent research indicates that beets and beetroot juice can boost athletic performance, decrease blood pressure, and increase blood flow.
So much so that this nutritious food is now being used in a growing amount of juices and beverages.
Beetroot comes from the same family as beetroot sugar. It is genetically and nutritionally different, however. Sugar beets are white, and producers prefer to use them for sugar extraction and refined food sweetening. Sugar from beetroot, which is mainly red or gold, can not be extracted.
We look at the important health advantages of beetroot and its rich nutritional value in this article.
These possible advantages are addressed in more detail in the sections below.
Heart health and blood pressure
The researchers found that blood pressure after ingestion was substantially decreased by doing so.
They suggest that because of the high levels of nitrate in the beet juice, this antihypertensive effect was due. As an efficient, low-cost way to help treat high blood pressure, they suggest eating high-nitrate vegetables.
However, without first talking to a doctor, people can never quit taking a prescription blood pressure drug.
High blood pressure is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Decreasing it by making dietary changes and through other means can help to prevent heart failure, stroke, heart attacks, and other life threatening complications of CVD.
A 2019 research review investigated the effects of alpha-lipoic acid on diabetic neuropathy symptoms. The researchers observed that in people with diabetes, oral and intravenous administration of alpha-lipoic acid supplements contributed to a decrease in peripheral and autonomic neuropathy symptoms.
Most of the doses in these trials, however, were much higher than those available for beetroot. From the available study, the effects of smaller dietary doses are not yet clear.
Digestion and regularity
One cup of beetroot does provide 3.81 grams (g) of fiber. For smooth digestion and gut health, consuming enough fiber is important.
A single cup of beets, according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), can provide more than 8.81 percent of the daily fiber requirement of a person, depending on their age and sex.
One way that a person can boost their fiber intake is to include beetroot in the diet.
Exercise and athletic performance
Some studies have shown that supplementation of beetroot juice can increase the amount of oxygen that is absorbed by muscles during exercise. One research from 2019 showed that high doses of beetroot juice improved the performance of seasoned cyclists in time trials.
12 recreationally engaged female participants were studied in a separate study from the same year. The researchers did not find, however, that beetroot juice supplementation increased the athletic efficiency of the participants.
Further research is therefore required to confirm the advantages of beetroot for exercise efficiency.
Preventive of Cancer
A 2019 study analysis showed that the cancerous mutations of cells can be disrupted by some compounds in beets. Betalains, which are pigments that give beets their red and yellow color, contain certain compounds.
While more research is required before beets can be recommended by health professionals as a substitute for other conventional methods of reducing cancer risk, they may have some role in reducing the risk of this condition.
|Nutrient||Percentage of an adult’s daily requirement|
|Vitamin A||0.3% for males, and 0.39% for females|
|Magnesium||7.83% for males, and 10.97% for females|
Beets also contain small amounts of:
- vitamin B-6
People can roast beets, steam them, boil them, or pickle them. They can eat them raw as well.
The following tips will enable individuals to obtain the nutritional benefits of beets in delicious ways:
- Make beetroot juice by peeling beetroot and blending it with a mixture of fresh orange, mint, pineapple or apples, lemon, and ginger. For a smoother texture, people will strain it afterward. Keep in mind that adding other juices or fruits could increase the juice’s sugar content.
- Grate the raw beets or slice them and add them to the coleslaw or salad.
- For a tasteful pairing, top roasted beets with goat’s cheese.
- Slice the raw beets and serve with a sprinkle of lemon juice and chili powder.
Make sure that it is heavy for its size when selecting a beetroot and does not have signs of surface damage. They should look fresh and not wilted if a beet still has its green tops. These are edible as well and have essential nutritional value.
Refrigerate them in a tightly sealed bag in order to store the beets for many days.
Drinking beetroot juice can lead to urine or stools that are red, purple, or pink. It should not be a cause for medical concern, although this might seem concerning. This is referred to by physicians as ‘beeturia.’
Individuals vulnerable to kidney stones of the oxalate type should be cautious not to eat too much of the beet tops.
Beets are very nutritious. However, when looking at the impact of their diet on health, individuals should consider their overall eating pattern. For good health, eating a diet that contains a wide variety of food and nutrients is healthier.
- Appendix 7. Nutritional goals for age-sex groups based on dietary reference intakes and Dietary Guidelines recommendations. (n.d.).
- Beets, raw. (2019).
- What are the benefits of beetroot? (LINK)
- Choline: Fact sheet for health professionals. (2019).
- Diabetes and dietary supplements. (2018).
- Golbidi, S., et al. (2011). Diabetes and alpha lipoic acid.
- Kapil, V., et al. (2015). Dietary nitrate provides sustained blood pressure lowering in hypertensive patients: A randomized, phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
- Lechner, J. F., & Stoner, G. D. (2019). Red beetroot and betalains as cancer chemopreventative agents.
- Listen to your heart: Learn about heart disease. (n.d.).
- Rokkedal-Lausch, T., et al. (2019). Chronic high-dose beetroot juice supplementation improves time trial performance of well-trained cyclists in normoxia and hypoxia [Abstract].
- Salehi, B., et al. (2019). Insights on the use of α-lipoic acid for therapeutic purposes.
- Wickham, K. A., et al. (2019). No effect of beetroot juice supplementation on exercise economy and performance in recreationally active females despite increased torque production [Abstract].-
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Yine oturduk bu saatlerde kendi ülkemizden nasıl hayallerimizi gerçekleştireceğimize inandığımız ülkelere göç ederiz diye düşünüyoruz. 30 lu yaşlarda bizi bunlara itenler utansın diyerek hayallerimizi kovalamaya ömür boyu diyorum herkesin Allah gönlüne göre versin. Hayırlısı ise herkesin istediği olsun. herkese sevgiler.
Hayal ve umut kelimesini artık kullanmayacağımız veya daha az sıklıkla kullanacağımız yarınlar olsun istiyorum. Gına geldi artık Sevgiler sizlerede..
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Var mı hala kontrol eden?
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akıf_turk last edited by
@crazycells tabi ki herşey sonuçlansın ilk yapıcaklarım arasında olucak ailem vizeyi aldı ama kendi başvurum daha bitmediği için şimdi yazmak olmaz
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akıf_turk last edited by
@TughanTug evet tabiki şuan için 31 aralığa kadar vize başvuruları açık daha 10 gün önce kardeşim için başvurduk kesin bilgi yani o site hakkında malesef bir bilgim yok ama ankara vize başvuraları açık eminim
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Vac Reporter last edited by
Merhabalar, bu sene başvuracağız değil mi bir sıkıntı yok. Bir de başvurular kaçında başlıyordu?
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Rhonster last edited by
@Vac-Reporter tarih belli değil eylülün ortalarında tekrar kontrol edebilirsin.
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@FreeMen 5-10 kere bakmışımdır. Uzun zamandır bakmıyordum. Dur bir daha bakıp üzüleyim
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Batuhan Koçbuğ last edited by
boşuna bakmayın arkadaşlar sonuç aynı bugün itibariyle drive'dan da sildim.
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Bugün günlerden Columbus!!
Amerika'nın en büyük 15. şehri.. Ohio eyaletinin de en büyük şehri ve başkenti. Ünlü kaşif Kristof Kolomb'un adıyla 1812'de Scioto ve Olentangy Nehirleri arasına kurulmuştur. 1816'da başkent olmuştur. Ekonomisi eğitim, sigortacılık, bankacılık, moda, savunma, havacılık, yiyecek, giyecek, taşıma, çelik, enerji, tıbbi araştırma, sağlık hizmetleri, turizm, perakendecilik ve teknoloji gibi çok farklı sektörlere dayanır. 2009 yılında Business Week dergisi Columbus'u bir aile kurmak için en elverişli şehir seçmiştir. Ahmedabad, Dresden, Cenova, Hefei, Herzliya, Kumasi, Odense, Sevilla, Tainan, Zapopan kardeş şehirleridir.
COLUMBUS HAKKINDA FUN FACTS
- 1800'lerde bir çok Alman göçmen bu şehre yerleşmiştir.
- Sivil Savaş sırasında, Columbus şehri, Birlik üniformalarının yapılmasına yardım etmiştir.
- Columbus şehri, Sivil Savaş sırasında Konfederasyon esirlerinin de tutulduğu şehirdir.
- 1964'te Dünya'nın çevresini uçarak geçen ilk kadın Geraldine Mock, Columbus'luydu.
- Dünya'nın ilk kargo uçuşu Columbus'a inmişti.
- Amerika'daki ilk ortaokul Columbus'taydı.
- Amerika'daki nüfusun %48'i, Columbus ve 500 mil çevresinde yaşamaktadır.
- Ülkenin en eski parklarından birisi olan Goodale Park, bu şehirdedir.
- Pazar günleri balina avlamak yasaktır.
- Ülkedeki en geç 10 şehirden bir tanesidir. Yaklaşık 10 yıldır, Columbus'un yaş ortalaması 30-33 arasıdır.
- Kadınların toplum içinde rugan deri ayakkabı giymesi yasaktır.
- Dünya'nın en geniş yargıç tokmağı heykeli buradadır.
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2009 yılında Business Week dergisi Columbus'u bir aile kurmak için en elverişli şehir seçmiş
Amerika'daki nüfusun %48'i, Columbus ve 500 mil çevresinde yaşamaktadır.
Ülkedeki en geç 10 şehirden bir tanesidir. Yaklaşık 10 yıldır, Columbus'un yaş ortalaması 30-33 arasıdır.
İlginç bilgiler. Teşekkür ederiz.
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k2_20 last edited by k2_20
2 seferdir forumu sürekli okuyup kayıt olmuyordum ama bu sefer kayıt olayım dedim Bu da benim totemim olsun. Hem çekilişi kazanırsam da kazanıp sonradan foruma gelenler arasına da konumlandırmamış olurum kendimi
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2 seferdir forumu sürekli okuyup kayıt olmuyordum ama bu sefer kayıt olayım dedim Bu da benim totemim olsun. Hem çekilişi kazanırsam da kazanıp sonradan foruma gelenler arasına da konumlandırmamış olurum
bol sanslar
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Bugün günlerden Charlotte..
Kuzey Karolina eyaletinin en büyük kentidir. Nüfusu yaklaşık 872 bin kişidir. Şehir, etrafındaki böl
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Even from a young age they like the deep water as it provides better security for them.
If you are caring for a captive Yellow-blotched Map Turtle their water should be clean and filtered at all times and there should be plenty of vegetation available to them.
As this species is incredibly rare and endangered, taking caring of one in captivity can be incredibly rewarding.
These turtles can either be kept in groups of the same species or in groups with similar turtles. They can also be kept in outdoor ponds.
If you intend to keep a single Yellow-blotched Map Turtle, they will need an aquatic set up with some form of filtration and current system in place, as hey enjoy fast-moving waters.
For a single turtle, the ideal tank size is at least 50 gallons, and if there were two turtles, you would need an extra 30-50 gallons for there to be enough space for them to live comfortably. If you’re keeping females this setup would have to be even bigger again.
As these turtles also like to bask, you will also have to provide them with a good basking spot. To do this, you could include a small area of the tank that is land and provide a ramp up to it. They will only require a rock or a log to bask on. The basking spot needs to be around 85 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
They also need a water temperature of around 70 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit, so the tank would require a thermometer to be installed to monitor this.
In order to keep their shells healthy, they will also require a UVB light, so they can get enough vitamin D3 and other nutrients that they would normally get naturally from the sun.
You should avoid handling your Yellow-blotched Map Turtle as much as possible, as they are cautious creatures and, as you will notice, tend to hide a lot of the time and will be frightened easily.
These turtles are extremely rare so are bred in relatively small batches. Due to their rareness, purchasing one would be pretty expensive.
Owning a Yellow-blotched Map Turtle is also not allowed in some areas of the U.S.
If you were to purchase a Yellow-blotched Map Turtle. It would cost you around $400 for hatchlings and around $800 for an adult turtle.
Just make sure the turtle you buy is a captive bred species and not just a regular Yellow-blotched Map Turtle that has been captured in the wild.
Yellow-blotched Map Turtles are often referred to by their nickname: ‘Yellow-blotched Sawback Turtle’.
They earned this nickname due to the serrated ridges along the spine of their shells.Despite the dangers, research shows a majority of first-time mothers are not aware of the risks associated with delivering a baby before 39 weeks of gestation.
It's critically important for mothers, families and physicians to recognize the dangers associated with elective deliveries, especially those performed before 39 weeks of gestation.
The potential complications involved with childbirth before 39 weeks are very real, yet many first-time mothers may be unaware of the risks.
A report issued in January by The Leap Frog Group revealed tremendous variation among hospitals when it comes to early elective C-sections and elective inductions, with some facilities performing those procedures 10 times more frequently than others.
The practices of 773 hospitals nationwide were examined, including those in Arizona.
The full report is available at www.leapfroggroup.org/tooearlydeliveries.
Babies born before 37 weeks are also more likely to have breathing problems and developmental delays, according to numerous published studies.
A review of claims data by UnitedHealthcare showed that 48 percent of newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at select hospitals were from scheduled admissions for delivery - many before 39 weeks of gestation.
After sharing these findings, physicians and hospitals in the program altered practice patterns and realized a 46-percent decrease in NICU admissions in the first three months - a decline that has held stable.
Yet a majority of first-time mothers are unaware of the risks associated with early deliveries.
According to a national survey released last year, more than 90 percent of first-time mothers believe it's safe to deliver a baby before 37 weeks of gestation.
In addition, nearly one in four respondents considered a baby to be full-term at 34 to 36 weeks, even though the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) defines full-term as 37 weeks.
The purpose of the survey, commissioned by UnitedHealthcare, was to gauge women's understanding of full-term pregnancy and the gestational age at which it's safe to deliver a healthy baby.
The survey queried 650 insured, first-time mothers from varied geographic, ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds.
The study findings underscore how important education is to improve health and well-being.
Other studies have already shown that efforts to educate physicians make a positive impact in helping to reduce the rate of elective pre-term deliveries.
We should also consider similar outreach among women to help stem the rise in such deliveries.
The reason for concern is simple: As the number of pre-term and early-term births has increased, there also have been increases in health risks for early-term infants, most of whom require extended hospital stays.
Parents suffer as well, missing out on important bonding time with their newborns, and some even experience depression.
The decision to induce labor early or perform a C-section before a pregnancy is full-term should take clinical recommendations into account and reflect the baby's and mother's health and medical needs, not convenience.
To be sure, the last few weeks of pregnancy for many mothers can seem endless and often uncomfortable.
But expectant parents should take the opportunity to learn just how important the last few remaining weeks are for their baby's development and health.
More information about how to have a healthy pregnancy is available at www.healthy-pregnancy.com.
• Dr. Robert Beauchamp is senior medical director for UnitedHealthcare of Arizona. As a board certified pediatrician, he has more than 30 years experience treating patients and is also on the board of the Arizona Chapter of the March of Dimes, a nonprofit that seeks to promote healthy pregnancies, mothers and babies.伊利亚·弗雷曼诺夫在上周六（10月1日）向羽量级综合格斗发出了一个爆炸性信息。
这位俄罗斯击打手在ONE on Prime Video 2的第一回合比赛中KO了前王者和目前排名第三的竞争者阮马丁，立即将自己推向羽量级的顶端。
虽然对弗雷曼诺夫来说，在全球舞台上的日子还很长，但他很高兴能以KO的方式表明自己的意图——他对自己在ONE冠军赛的未来有很大的计划。
这位26岁的选手赛后说：
“我的声明非常简单。我是来赢得世界冠军的，我是来参加更多比赛的，因为仅仅成为名单上的一员对我来说是不够的。 ”
“最终，我将拿下这个冠军头衔，然后也许我会去参加更多级别或其他运动项目的比赛。我非常饥渴，希望一直保持这种状态。这些竞争、战斗和这种生活方式让我感到高兴。”
弗雷曼诺夫的胜利可能让许多更熟悉阮马丁的拳迷感到惊讶——阮马丁是ONE冠军赛中最受尊敬的名字之一——但俄罗斯人从未有任何疑问。
他在仔细研究对手的同时准备了一个详细的游戏计划，所有这些都在赛场内得到了结果。
这位ONE冠军赛的新成员解释说：
“一切都如我所预料的那样发生了，直到我落下的第一击，就为结束比赛奠定了基础。我使出了一个膝撞，然后用一个右直拳跟进。在老虎泰拳训练营期间，我一直说我可能会用这个膝撞命中他——他经常向前使出大摆拳。我想，‘好吧，取决于他打得有多狠，我可能会挡住他的进攻。’”
“一旦发生这种情况，我已经掌握了诀窍，得出结论——没有危险。我觉得花红已经在我的口袋里了。”
伊利亚·弗雷曼诺夫希望下一个目标是排行榜任何靠前的羽量级选手
通过如此果断地击败排名第三的竞争者阮马丁，伊利亚·弗雷曼诺夫立即将自己确立为羽量级的一个严重威胁。
然而，这位俄罗斯天才并不满足于这场胜利。
在保持他100%的终结率并将他的总战绩提升到11胜1负之后，他的目标是继续对阵其他顶级对手，并希望最终达到山顶。
弗雷曼诺夫说道：
“阮马丁绝对是我在综合格斗中获胜的榜首，但这只是我旅程的开始。我将在我的胜利名单上添加更多的名字。”
“我的梦想和我的目标是成为最好的，与最好的选手竞争——这是我一直想要的。我很高兴ONE冠军赛能够满足我所有的野心。我现在很饥渴，正如我过去所说，我的目标是ONE冠军赛综合格斗世界冠军。”
在ONE on Prime Video 2之前，在羽量级排名中只有三位运动员排在阮马丁前面——排名第二的金裁雄、排名第一的丹勒和新加冕的世界冠军唐凯。
弗雷曼诺夫很想挑战唐凯，但现在，他意识到在他的道路上有障碍。
考虑到这一点，他认为与韩国猛将金裁雄的对决将使他的下一次出场变得有意义。
这位俄罗斯人补充说：
“阮马丁是第三，所以现在与排名第二的人金裁雄战斗是合乎逻辑的，然后要么获得冠军头衔挑战权，要么面对丹勒。为什么要等待？”
“我一直在关注丹勒的比赛，我喜欢他的风格，但唐凯证明了他的实力。他更需要这场胜利，而且他年轻、饥渴，理所当然地拿下了金腰带，从更成熟的冠军手中夺走了它。”
“我对唐凯只有尊重。我认为他是个好人。我很高兴能与他对阵。如果这场比赛发生了，正如我所说，我将成为冠军。我在这里是为了赢。”Malzeme:
1 ad.yuvarlak sedef plaka
42 ad. sedef boncuk
32 ad.metal halka
4 ad.uzun taş boncuk
37 ad.inci boncuk
10 mt.mumlu ip
2 ad.deri kapama
1 ad.kilit
İp dörde katlanır ve ortasından sedef plakaya tutturulur. Sedef boncuk bir ipten geçirilir ve diğer iple birleştirilerek düğümlenir.
Metal halka geçirilir ve iki ip düğümlenir. Tekrar sedef boncuk geçirilir ve düğümlenir. Diğer iplere de aynı şekilde sedef ve metal boncuk geçirilerek düğümlenir.
Sekiz ipten dört ip düğümlenir ve diğer dört ip de düğümlenir. Üzün boncuk bir ipten geçirilerek dört ip birlikte düğümlenir.
Tekrar sedef ve metal halkalar geçirilerek ve düğümler atılarak boncuklar bitene kadar devam edilir. En son kalan iki sedef boncuk her bir tarafa birer ad.geçirilerek dört ip düğümlenir. 5 cm.uzunluk bırakılarak deri kapama ile kapatılır ve fazla ipler kesilir. Kolye kiliti takılır. Kesilen mumlu ipler sedef plakaya bağlanır ve inci boncuklar serpme olarak geçirilir ve düğümlenir. Uç kısımları kesilerek kolye bitirilir.
Şık bir yaz kolyesi olarak kullanabilirsiniz.
Not: Boncukları kolay geçirmek için mumlu ipin uç kısmı oje ya da yapıştırıcı ile sertleştirilebilir.I cannot count at this point how many adults I have spoken with who have said, “I always wanted to learn how to play piano, but I never took lessons” or even “…but its too late”. I know that this is a very real thought and fear for some adults, but I have news for you: your lifelong dream can still be realized!
At Music Therapy Connections, we serve people of all ages & abilities. We are blessed to have adult students taking piano, guitar, and voice lessons. Some have musical experience, while others were true beginners when they started lessons.
You may be thinking: children learn so much more quickly than adults and have more brain plasticity to learn something new. And to that I say yes, but as an adult you have something even better — wisdom! And adults have a greater understanding of patterns, structure, and simple ideals like fractions which are all very important in creating music.
Music lessons can benefit all of us in a variety of ways, and we often talk about how music with children can help them to quicken their mental processing in Math and other core subject areas. But how can music benefit adults?
- Taking music lessons, especially involving and instrument engages the brain in complex processing and improves multitasking skills.
- In addition, lessons of all varieties engage the memory center of the brain in a very unique way. For most adults, working toward improved memory can only benefit them!
- Voice lessons in particular can improve breath support, posture, and more.
- Most importantly, lessons in adulthood often give our students an additional sense of purpose. We want our students to walk away with a joy for music and I see this the most clearly in our adult students
In fact, every music teacher I have ever met still considers themselves a student. Unlike some skills, music is an ever flowing and ever growing art medium. We never reach perfection, because there is no such thing. Instead all musicians beginners, professionals, and experts alike are forever exploring music in complexity, style, and sometimes additional instrumentation.
The bottom line is that regardless of your background, experience, or age, it is never too late to fulfill your goal of learning an instrument. Look at it as an opportunity to take on a challenge, go outside your comfort zone, and acquire brand-new skills.Occupational therapy is a vital health care service that uses occupation as the basis for treatment of people of all ages with a wide variety of physical, developmental, and emotional disabilities. Occupations are everyday, purposeful activities that all people engage in as part of their daily routines.
What do occupational therapists do?
Occupational therapists help disabled people of all ages acquire or regain the skills they need to live independent, productive, and satisfying lives. They work in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, nursing homes, public and private schools, and home health agencies.
Occupational therapists are responsible for evaluating clients and developing treatment plans to assist clients in achieving their goals. They provide functional treatment activities for clients individually and in groups, and they choose or fabricate equipment that helps people function more independently. Occupational therapists supervise certified occupational therapy assistants in carrying out treatment plans and possess skills to work with a variety of allied health professionals. Money Magazine names the Occupational Therapist as one of 50 top jobs. For more information please see the AOTA press release (PDF).
Graduate Program Information
A graduate degree in occupational therapy includes coursework focusing on theoretical constructs and their application to clinical practice, research competencies, and professional leadership skills. The occupational therapy program requires six to nine months of full-time (usually 40 hours per week) internships in a variety of health care settings. Students are responsible for their own transportation to and from clinical facilities as well as any other costs associated with clinical placements.
To ensure continuity of application of academic concepts, all fieldwork must be completed within 24 months following academic preparation and 2 months prior to the NBCOT Certification Examination date.
The Master of Occupational Therapy (MOT) Program has been accredited by the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE) of the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA), located at 4720 Montgomery Lane, Suite 200, Bethesda, MD 20814-3449. ACOTE's phone number c/o AOTA is (301) 652-AOTA and its web address is ACOTEonline.org.
Graduates are able to sit for the national certification examination for the occupational therapist administered by the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy, Inc. (NBCOT), located at One Bank Street, Suite 300, Gaithersburg, MD 20878. NBCOT sets its own criteria for taking the exam, which may include questions on the applicant's criminal history. A felony conviction may affect a graduate's ability to sit for the NBCOT Certification examination or attain state licensure.
For more information on these limitations, you can contact NBCOT at (301) 990-7979. After successful completion of this exam, the individual will be an Occupational Therapist, Registered (OTR). Most states require licensure in order to practice; however, state licenses are usually based on the results of the NBCOT Certification Examination.Bu web sitesinde, kullanıcı deneyiminizi iyileştirmek için çerezler kullanılmaktadır. Bu web sitesini kullanmaya devam etmekle, Çerez Politikamızı kabul etmiş oluyorsunuz.
Hardox HiTuf
Paylaş:
Hardox® HiTuf
Yapısal aşınma parçaları için ekstra yüksek tok çelik
Hardox® HiTuf, garantili darbe tokluğu sunan, aşınmaya karşı dayanıklı bir plakadır. 350 HBW nominal sertliğiyle, kalın bıçak ağızları, yıkım ekipmanları ve parçalama makinaları için uygun bir çeliktir.
Hardox® HiTuf'tan yapılan öğütücülerin büyük başarısı
Avusturalyalı Pacific Shredder şirketi, bir arabayı saniyeler içinde parçalayıp hurdaya çeviren çelik parçalama makineleri tasarlıyor ve üretiyor. Şirket, daha yumuşak malzemelerden yapılmış olanlar arızalanırken, parçalama makinelerini çalışır halde tutmak için Hardox® HiTuf'a güveniyor.
Zorluk
Newcastle'da New South Wales'te bulunan Pacific Shredder, daha güçlü ve daha dayanıklı bir çelik arıyordu. Normal çelikler çatlama ve aşınmaya dayanıksız olduğundan sık sık değiştirilmesi gerekiyor.
Şirketin sahibi Joe Beentjes, "Bir araba parçalama makinesi temelde, üzerine 12 veya 16 adet manganlı çelik bağlanmış 11 adet rotordan meydana gelen 60 tonluk bir silindirdir," diyor. "Rotor 500 d/dak'da döner ve arabayı bir dizi örs, kırma çubuğu ve parmaklık üzerinde çekiçler. İçinde, havada uçan metallerin tüm yapıyı aşındırmasını engelleyen aşınma plakalarıyla kaplı bir zırh bulunur."
Arızanın sadece üretim kaybı değil, aynı zamanda rotoru dışarı çıkarıp onarmak için 200 tonluk bir vinç getirilmesi anlamına geldiği
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