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AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | We had the right. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | We had the middle and then we had the not right. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So when we take when we're determining our degree of freedom,
we're going to do a number of categories that we're looking at minus one. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So this would be two degrees of freedom. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | Now, our chi square value is forty eight point nine. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So let's look and see under two, there's no forty eight point nine, is there? |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So what's happening with the numbers underneath it? |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So here is a point of five. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | Our critical value is five point nine nine. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So we have nine point two one. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So what are those numbers doing? |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | They're increasing. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So forty eight, not point nine would be way down here. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So as the chi square value increases, OK,
we're also going to have let's look at our p value. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | Here's p point five point one. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | And as our p value decreases, right, then our chi square value increases. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So if our p is less than point five, we're going to reject our null. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | This is not due to chance. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, less than point five, not due to chance. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, so this was the scoring guidelines we predicted. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | There was one point for just predicting the right number of expected in each
and then one point for justifying the prediction, which is our null. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | Well, no, that was a separate point. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | The flies will be even and distributed across the three different parts of the
choice chambers. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So that said the same thing as they preferred each equally. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, or there would be the same number in each. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | And that would be because of the glucose. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | All right, so check for understanding. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | I have a
multiple choice. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | In fact, I think I have two in here and
I looked up how to pronounce the I think is Tariqa, Tarosa,
or Tarisha, Tarosa, I think it's Tariqa. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | All right, the California, let's just go with the California newt. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | All right, lives in the coastal areas around Los Angeles, which of the following
is a valid null hypothesis relating fitness to survival of a bottleneck event
in a coastal area where a small isolated population of California newts reside. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, a only those salamanders with the lowest evolutionary fitness will be
eliminated by the bottleneck effect, lowering their allelic frequencies
of their traits, be only those salamanders with the highest evolutionary fitness will
survive the bottleneck event, raising their allelic frequencies of their traits. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | See, surviving the bottleneck event will be random. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So any change in the allelic frequencies
of the salamander population is not attributed to fitness and D surviving
the bottleneck event will be random. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So there will be no changes to the
allelic frequencies due to the bottleneck event. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, I'll give you this go 15 seconds. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, I hope you chose C surviving the bottleneck event will be random. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So any change in the allelic frequencies
of the salamander population is not attributed to fitness. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | All right, now for some guided practice. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | All right, so in this table we have some salamanders and we have their phenotype,
they're a black phenotype, dark brown, light brown, and we have a flood involved. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, there is a distribution before the flood. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | There's 13, 25 and six. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | And then after the flood, there's seven, 14 and three. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, so which of the following is an
appropriate null hypothesis regarding the phenotypic frequencies of this
population of salamanders before and after the flood? |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | All right, so in a more black salamanders
survived because they could better hide from predators on the dark muddy soil. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So the frequency of the black phenotype
significantly increased in the population after the flood. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | B, fewer light brown salamanders survived
because they had reduced chance of finding mates due to the high water levels. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So their frequency of the light brown
phenotype in the population decreased after the flood. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | C, more dark brown salamanders migrated
to a new drier area because of the flood and a few of them remained in their
original habitat, so the frequency of the dark brown salamander
significantly decreased in the population after the flood. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | And D, the proportions of black, dark brown, light brown salamanders before
and after the flood are not significantly different. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | And any observed differences are due to random chance. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, I'll give you 15 seconds. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, and I hope you it was practically what I told you earlier to write as a null. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | I hope you chose D, the proportions of black, dark brown and light
brown salamanders before and after the flood are not significantly different. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | And any observed differences are due to chance, to random chance. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, this one is so fun. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | All right, so
you're going to need this. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | It has to do with doing you're going to draw some diagrams yourself. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | And there is there's a lot of science to learn in this drawing in this example. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So let's look at our diagrams. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | We have an aquarium and we have a negative
control aquarium and we have an experimental aquarium. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | And what else do we have? |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | We have a male flower. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | We have a female flower and we have invertebrates. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, let's read this story and we're going to work on a OK.
All right. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | Seagrasses are aquatic plants that reproduce sexually. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | Male seagrass flowers produce sticky pollen that is carried by circulating water
to female flowers, resulting in fertilization. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | Our researcher claims that the mobile aquatic
invertebrates can also transfer pollen from male to female flowers in the absence
of circulating water to investigate this claim. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | The researchers set up aquariums to model
the possible interactions between the invertebrates and the seagrasses
using the symbols below and the template aquariums to demonstrate
the experimental design for testing the researchers claim. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | The mobile aquatic invertebrates can
pollinate seagrass in the absence of circulating water. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | Now, draw the appropriate symbols in the negative control aquarium and the
experimental aquarium and don't use any symbol more than once in each aquarium. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, I'm going to give you a minute to do that. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | About 15 more seconds. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, let's take a look. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | All right, so look at the aquariums at the bottom. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So you should have a male and a female in your negative control aquarium. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | And you should have a male and a female and an invertebrate in the treatment
aquarium. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, so when you the purpose of the control. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, so I think that everybody can say the control is the no treatment and the
experiment is the one with the treatment. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | But what is the purpose of having the control? |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | The purpose of having the control is
they said that this invertebrate was responsible for take for carrying pollen
from that male to that female. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So we have to in the negative control, see without water, if it's possible
to transfer pollen from that male to that female without that invertebrate,
the variable that was added. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, so that was the purpose of the negative control. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | And that's the purpose of a control. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | You have to see what happens without the treatment. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, and so you can claim that the treatment was responsible. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | All right, now let's do B, identify the dependent variable in the experiment,
predict the experimental results that would support the researchers claim that
mobile aquatic invertebrates can also transfer pollen from male to female
flowers in the absence of circulating water. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So now that you've seen what the right answer for A is now,
what is the dependent variable and predict what the outcome is going to be
of this experiment to support the researchers claim? |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, I'll give you just a minute to do that. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, let's take a look at B. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | All right, so your dependent results should be your dependent variable is the
results, right, and that should be that fertilization occurs. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, and what's going to happen is you should have no fertilization in the
control tank and treatment and fertilization in the treatment tank that the
the male is not going to be able to fertilize the female in the no treatment tank. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | And the male will be able to fertilize the female via the invertebrates carrying
the pollen over there, OK, all right, to the female. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So that should have been your dependent variable, the results,
which is fertilization and then fertilization, no, and the negative control. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | Yes, and the treatment tank. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | So this is what the
the rubric looks like for this particular. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | And when you have one of these, if you have a prediction involved,
it has to be in support of your what you identified. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | It can't jump like you can't have one in the third column on the bottom here,
supporting one in the top column over here. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | OK, so that was I right. |
AP Biology 7.4 Population Genetics | Fertilization was what identified as my dependent variable. |
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