DarthJudie/biosetpart1 · Datasets at Hugging Face

title stringlengths 7 100	text stringlengths 1 16k
Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6	The only thing plants need to make themselves a delicious feast is sunlight and water.
Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6	Just sunlight and water.
Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6	Paula Deen can't do that and she makes fried egg bacon donut burgers.
Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6	I'm telling you, this is surprisingly good.
Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6	This is a different kind of magic.
Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6	But, you know, part of this is plants and everything in it.
Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6	In fact, everything that is in this McDonald's, in fact, everything you have ever eaten in your life is either made from plants or made from something that ate plants.
Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6	So let's talk about plants.
Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6	Plants probably evolved more than 500 million years ago.
Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6	The earliest land plant fossils date back to more than 400 million years ago.
Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6	These plants were lycophytes, which are still around today and which reproduce through making a bunch of spores, shedding them, saying a couple of Hail Marys, and hoping for the best.
Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6	Some of these lycophytes went on to evolve into scale trees, which are now extinct, but huge swampy forests of them used to cover the earth.
Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6	Some people call these scale tree forests coal forests because there were so many of them, they were so dense, and they covered the whole earth that they eventually fossilized into giant seams of coal, which are very important to our lifestyles today.
Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6	So this is now called the Carboniferous Period.
Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6	See what we did there?
Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6	Because coal was manned out of carbon, so they named the epoch of geological history over how face-meltingly intense and productive these forests were.
Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6	I would give my left eyeball, three fingers on my left hand, the middle ones, so that I could hang loose, and my pinky toe if I were able to go back and see these scale forests because they would be freaking awesome.
Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6	Anyway, angiosperms, or plants that use flowers to reproduce, didn't develop until the end of the Cretaceous Period, about 65 million years ago, just as the dinosaurs were dying out.
Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6	Which makes you wonder if, in fact, the first angiosperms assassinated the dinosaurs.
The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5	In this video, we're going to look at the dark reaction or the light independent reactions, also known as the Calvin-Benson cycle.
The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5	I think this is beautiful.
The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5	I also wanted to point out that if you're in aq-baya right now, the curriculum or the course framework says this is the only time it's mentioned where it says the energy captured in light reactions and transferred to ATP and NADPH powers the production of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle, which occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.
The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5	And then in another area, it says the carbon fixation or Calvin-Benson cycle reactions of photosynthesis occur in the stroma.
The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5	And then it also says exclusion statement, memorization of the steps in the Calvin cycle, the structure of the molecules, and the names of the enzymes with the exception of ATP synthase are beyond the scope of the course and the AP exam.
The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5	So if you are one of my students or an AP-baya student, don't stress too much about the Calvin cycle.
The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5	I feel like the light reaction is more heavily emphasized in the curriculum.
The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5	So as we go through the Calvin cycle, focus on carbon fixation that's mentioned and the production of carbohydrates without getting hung up on all of the super small details.
The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5	So when we looked at the light reaction in my previous video, we saw that oxygen was a waste product.
The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5	It was produced in the light reaction.
The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5	But ATP and NADPH were the main products of the light reaction.
The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5	So this is where the idea of photosynthesis being an anabolic pathway comes into play because this is where in the Calvin-Benson cycle, the plant or the chloroplast is able to build macromolecules, organic molecules, from air, from carbon dioxide.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	Okay, so now in this video we're going to focus on a type of bacterium, no sorry, a type of virus that infects bacteria.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	And so when we look at this cell on my screen, this is a prokaryote, a bacterium that has one single circular chromosome.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	Okay, so when we talk about viruses, viruses are not living things and the particular virus that we are going to talk about is called a bacteriophage.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	So this is a virus that infects bacteria and it's made of two components.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	It has its protein code, which is the blue part in this.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	Now in this video we're going to talk about how viruses infect prokaryotes or bacteria because a bacterium is different than a eukaryotic, like mammal cell.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	And so here I see on my screen a bacteria that has a single circular chromosome and we have a particular type of virus that infects these bacteria.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	Now this virus looks like a little robot, but it's actually made of two parts, right?
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	So it's made of protein as well as DNA and this virus is called a bacteriophage.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	Sometimes for short it's called a phage.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	So if you're ever reading like a prompt or just reading about biology and it references phages like T1 or T2 phage, well that is what they're talking about, a bacteriophage virus.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	Now in my screen here, the red part is the DNA and the blue part is the protein.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	So when we look at how this bacteriophage infects the bacteria, we actually have two life cycles of this bacteriophage.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	So it can exist within a bacterium in like two options basically.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	So our first one, we're going to talk about the lytic cycle.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	And so here we go.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	In the lytic cycle, what's going to happen is the phage will actually insert just its DNA into the host cell, which is the bacterium.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	So the protein coat itself does not actually enter the cell.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	There's a famous experiment from the 1950s with Hershey and Chase that confirmed this using radioactive sulfur and radioactive phosphorus.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	So if your teacher expects you to know that, I have a whole separate video on that subject.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	But anyway, so here you have this bacteriophage inserts its DNA, nucleic acid, into the bacterium and it will actually guide the breakdown, the chopping up or something of the host's circular chromosome.
6.7 Bacteriophage Viruses AP Biology	And within the cell, remember like a virus, it like hijacks or celljacks or whatever that host cell and it's going to use that cells like...

Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6

The only thing plants need to make themselves a delicious feast is sunlight and water.

Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6

Just sunlight and water.

Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6

Paula Deen can't do that and she makes fried egg bacon donut burgers.

Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6

I'm telling you, this is surprisingly good.

Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6

This is a different kind of magic.

Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6

But, you know, part of this is plants and everything in it.

Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6

In fact, everything that is in this McDonald's, in fact, everything you have ever eaten in your life is either made from plants or made from something that ate plants.

Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6

So let's talk about plants.

Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6

Plants probably evolved more than 500 million years ago.

Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6

The earliest land plant fossils date back to more than 400 million years ago.

Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6

These plants were lycophytes, which are still around today and which reproduce through making a bunch of spores, shedding them, saying a couple of Hail Marys, and hoping for the best.

Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6

Some of these lycophytes went on to evolve into scale trees, which are now extinct, but huge swampy forests of them used to cover the earth.

Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6

Some people call these scale tree forests coal forests because there were so many of them, they were so dense, and they covered the whole earth that they eventually fossilized into giant seams of coal, which are very important to our lifestyles today.

Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6

So this is now called the Carboniferous Period.

Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6

See what we did there?

Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6

Because coal was manned out of carbon, so they named the epoch of geological history over how face-meltingly intense and productive these forests were.

Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6

I would give my left eyeball, three fingers on my left hand, the middle ones, so that I could hang loose, and my pinky toe if I were able to go back and see these scale forests because they would be freaking awesome.

Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6

Anyway, angiosperms, or plants that use flowers to reproduce, didn't develop until the end of the Cretaceous Period, about 65 million years ago, just as the dinosaurs were dying out.

Plant Cells Crash Course Biology #6

Which makes you wonder if, in fact, the first angiosperms assassinated the dinosaurs.

The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5

In this video, we're going to look at the dark reaction or the light independent reactions, also known as the Calvin-Benson cycle.

The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5

I think this is beautiful.

The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5

I also wanted to point out that if you're in aq-baya right now, the curriculum or the course framework says this is the only time it's mentioned where it says the energy captured in light reactions and transferred to ATP and NADPH powers the production of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle, which occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.

The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5

And then in another area, it says the carbon fixation or Calvin-Benson cycle reactions of photosynthesis occur in the stroma.

The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5

And then it also says exclusion statement, memorization of the steps in the Calvin cycle, the structure of the molecules, and the names of the enzymes with the exception of ATP synthase are beyond the scope of the course and the AP exam.

The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5

So if you are one of my students or an AP-baya student, don't stress too much about the Calvin cycle.

The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5

I feel like the light reaction is more heavily emphasized in the curriculum.

The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5

So as we go through the Calvin cycle, focus on carbon fixation that's mentioned and the production of carbohydrates without getting hung up on all of the super small details.

The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5

So when we looked at the light reaction in my previous video, we saw that oxygen was a waste product.

The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5

It was produced in the light reaction.

The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5

But ATP and NADPH were the main products of the light reaction.

The Calvin Cycle AP Biology 3.5

So this is where the idea of photosynthesis being an anabolic pathway comes into play because this is where in the Calvin-Benson cycle, the plant or the chloroplast is able to build macromolecules, organic molecules, from air, from carbon dioxide.