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train_9700 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757439 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757439 | 1ac43fa5-8c6b-4bb2-bbbc-dd3d94e878a6 | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Naqareh, Liuqin | Liuqin is string, Nagareh is percussion. | classification | null | null | null | null | null | null | Liuqin is string, Nagareh is percussion. | null | null |
|
train_9701 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757451 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757451 | 5fa89745-f4e7-4759-8844-43b0cfaae3db | Given the following paragraph on water resources, in what percentage is freshwater stored in the different storage forms? | Water resources are natural resources of water that are potentially useful for humans, for example as a source of drinking water supply or irrigation water. Water occurs as both "stocks" and "flows". Water can be stored as lakes, water vapor, groundwater or aquifers, and ice and snow. Of the total volume of global freshwater, an estimated 69 percent is stored in glaciers and permanent snow cover; 30 percent is in groundwater; and the remaining 1 percent in lakes, rivers, the atmosphere, and biota. The length of time water remains in storage is highly variable: some aquifers consist of water stored over thousands of years but lake volumes may fluctuate on a seasonal basis, decreasing during dry periods and increasing during wet ones. A substantial fraction of the water supply for some regions consists of water extracted from water stored in stocks, and when withdrawals exceed recharge, stocks decrease. By some estimates, as much as 30 percent of total water used for irrigation comes from unsustainable withdrawals of groundwater, causing groundwater depletion. | It is estimated that 69 percent of freshwater is stored in glaciers and permanent snow cover, 30 percent in groundwater, and the remaining 1 percent is stored in lakes, rivers, the atmosphere, and biota. | closed_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | It is estimated that 69 percent of freshwater is stored in glaciers and permanent snow cover, 30 percent in groundwater, and the remaining 1 percent is stored in lakes, rivers, the atmosphere, and biota. | null | null |
train_9702 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757457 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757457 | 356ec9bd-ba04-465f-8593-0312d4be42e4 | Is the mascot for the University of Colorado a real buffalo? | Indeed, Ralphie is a real buffalo. She is the fifth live Buffalo mascot for the University of Colorado in Boulder, CO. She lives in an undisclosed location and makes an appearance at every home football game, running a horseshoe shape from one side of the endzone around the perimeter of the field into a trailer on the other side of the same endzone. She is managed by a team of student handlers who go through a rigorous tryout program to join her team. | general_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Indeed, Ralphie is a real buffalo. She is the fifth live Buffalo mascot for the University of Colorado in Boulder, CO. She lives in an undisclosed location and makes an appearance at every home football game, running a horseshoe shape from one side of the endzone around the perimeter of the field into a trailer on the other side of the same endzone. She is managed by a team of student handlers who go through a rigorous tryout program to join her team. | null | null |
|
train_9703 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757462 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757462 | c79732a4-bba3-445a-a44f-218ea54bf45b | Who is the star of the movie Breakfast at Tiffany's? | Audrey Hepburn starred in Breakfast at Tiffany's | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Audrey Hepburn starred in Breakfast at Tiffany's | null | null |
|
train_9704 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757467 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757467 | d2231966-4483-48db-a763-4a6ddc9f60b4 | Identify which car manufacturer is British or American: McLaren, Dodge | Dodge is American, McLaren is British | classification | null | null | null | null | null | null | Dodge is American, McLaren is British | null | null |
|
train_9705 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757471 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757471 | b32204ea-d166-42de-83c4-9be1adf76b1c | Given a reference text about the 2015 UEFA Super Cup, tell me who played in the game, who won, and the score. | The 2015 UEFA Super Cup was a football match between Spanish teams Barcelona and Sevilla on 11 August 2015 at the Boris Paichadze Dinamo Arena in Tbilisi, Georgia. It was the 40th UEFA Super Cup, an annual tournament contested by the winners of the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League. Barcelona were appearing in the Super Cup for the ninth time, they had previously won and lost the competition four times each. Sevilla were appearing in the competition for the fourth time, they had won once and lost twice. The two sides had met before in the competition in 2006, when Sevilla won 3–0.
The teams had qualified for the competition by winning the two seasonal European competitions. Barcelona won the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League, defeating Italian Juventus 3–1 in the final. Sevilla qualified as winners of the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League. They beat Ukrainian team Dnipro 3–2 in the final.
Barcelona won the game 5–4 after extra time to claim their fifth Super Cup title, tying Milan's record. Their ninth Super Cup appearance was also a record, two ahead of Milan. Dani Alves's fourth Super Cup win and fifth appearance matched Paolo Maldini's records, while Luis Enrique became the fourth man to lift the UEFA Super Cup as coach and player after Pep Guardiola, Carlo Ancelotti and Diego Simeone. The nine goals scored was also the most in any Super Cup fixture, and the attendance of 51,940 was a record for a one-off, neutral venue UEFA Super Cup. | Barcelona played Sevilla in the 2015 UEFA Super Cup. Barcelona won 5-4 after extra time. | closed_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Barcelona played Sevilla in the 2015 UEFA Super Cup. Barcelona won 5-4 after extra time. | null | null |
train_9706 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757476 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757476 | fb376be0-b8ac-4d82-921c-354e3866e700 | What is a GPU? | A GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) is a specialized processor designed for processing graphical data. It is commonly found in video games consoles, computer monitors, and other graphics-intensive applications. GPUs are able to perform more complex operations than CPUs (Central Processing Units) and are more efficient at rendering and manipulating graphics. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | A GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) is a specialized processor designed for processing graphical data. It is commonly found in video games consoles, computer monitors, and other graphics-intensive applications. GPUs are able to perform more complex operations than CPUs (Central Processing Units) and are more efficient at rendering and manipulating graphics. | null | null |
|
train_9707 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757481 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757481 | 44c5cbfb-80db-48f0-8757-2e79bd9a209a | What is Chianti wine? What kind of grape it is? | A Chianti wine (/kiˈænti/, also US: /-ˈɑːn-/, Italian: [ˈkjanti]) is any wine produced in the Chianti region of central Tuscany. It was historically associated with a squat bottle enclosed in a straw basket, called a fiasco ("flask"; pl. fiaschi). However, the fiasco is only used by a few makers of the wine as most Chianti is now bottled in more standard shaped wine bottles. In the mid-late 19th century, Baron Bettino Ricasoli (later Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Italy) helped establish Sangiovese as the blend's dominant grape variety, creating the blueprint for today's Chianti wines.
The first definition of a wine area called Chianti was made in 1716. It described the area near the villages of Gaiole, Castellina and Radda; the so-called Lega del Chianti and later Provincia del Chianti (Chianti province). In 1932 the Chianti area was completely redrawn and divided into seven sub-areas: Classico, Colli Aretini, Colli Fiorentini, Colline Pisane, Colli Senesi, Montalbano and Rùfina. Most of the villages that in 1932 were added to the newly defined Chianti Classico region added in Chianti to their names, for example Greve in Chianti, which amended its name in 1972. Wines labelled Chianti Classico come from the largest sub-area of Chianti, which includes the original Chianti heartland. Only Chianti from this sub-zone may display the black rooster (gallo nero) seal on the neck of the bottle, which indicates that the producer of the wine is a member of the Chianti Classico Consortium, the local association of producers. Other variants, with the exception of Rufina north-east of Florence and Montalbano south of Pistoia, originate in the named provinces: Siena for the Colli Senesi, Florence for the Colli Fiorentini, Arezzo for the Colli Aretini and Pisa for the Colline Pisane. In 1996 part of the Colli Fiorentini sub-area was renamed Montespertoli.
During the 1970s producers started to reduce the quantity of white grapes in Chianti. In 1995 it became legal to produce a Chianti with 100% Sangiovese. For a wine to retain the name of Chianti it must be produced with at least 80% Sangiovese grapes. Aged Chianti (38 months instead of 4–7) may be labelled as Riserva. Chianti that meets more stringent requirements (lower yield, higher alcohol content and dry extract) may be labelled as Chianti Superiore, although Chianti from the Classico sub-area is not allowed in any event to be labelled as Superiore. | Chianti wine is any kind of wine made in the Chianti region of Tuscany, Italy. Sangiovese is the dominant variety of the grape used in Chianti wines. To call it a Chianti wine, it must be produced with at least 80% Sangiovese grapes. | information_extraction | null | null | null | null | null | null | Chianti wine is any kind of wine made in the Chianti region of Tuscany, Italy. Sangiovese is the dominant variety of the grape used in Chianti wines. To call it a Chianti wine, it must be produced with at least 80% Sangiovese grapes. | null | null |
train_9708 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757486 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757486 | 64215ef9-3935-41a9-9ea1-1ff386947e02 | Based on this paragraph, who directed "Before Morning?" | Before Morning is a 1933 American pre-Code crime drama directed by Arthur Hoerl, and starring Leo Carrillo, Lora Baxter, and Taylor Holmes. The film was adapted for the screen by Arthur Hoerl, from the 1933 Broadway play of the same name by Edward and Edna Riley. | Arthur Hoerl | closed_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Arthur Hoerl | null | null |
train_9709 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757491 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757491 | 09449c7b-3bb1-4fe6-a7b0-53381a7e46d3 | Write a short story about how a man named Larry Joe proposed to his girlfriend, known as The President. The proposal should take place in an unusual manner, among friends. | Larry Joe had made a plan; a plan to propose to his girlfriend. She was known as The President among his friends due to having the same unusual name as a former president. The President knew Larry Joe was going to propose: they had shopped for rings together and she had even reserved a venue. In order to make his proposal a surprise, Larry Joe was going to have to do things a little out-of-the-ordinary.
His plan was to have a party with all of their friends, swimming in the lake behind his house. Having such a casual party helped reduce any suspicion that The President might have, plus Larry Joe had thrown such parties before. In order to make things special, he bought a dozen bottles of champagne and food for after the proposal. And to make things memorable, he would shout his proposal while flying over the lake on the rope swing! His plan was coming together.
The day of the party had arrived and the guests started showing up. The President was wearing her bikini and swam to the floating dock. Larry Joe took his friend Smoochy aside and whispered something in his ear. Everyone was having a good time, enjoying the warm water and cold beverages. But suddenly a low rumble of thunder rolled in from a distance. Larry Joe decided he better make his proposal now.
He climbed up on the platform with the rope and yelled, "it's time for the presidential address!" This was the code that sent Smoochy running up to the house to retrieve the ring, which had been hidden in the computer desk inside. Larry Joe then leapt off the platform and swung out over the water. He yelled, "President, will you marry me?", then dove into the water. At this point, all but the select few friends who knew of the upcoming proposal were caught off guard, most especially The President.
Larry Joe then swam over to the dock where The President was laying in the sun, and she said, "is this really happening?" Larry Joe replied, "yes!" He then climbed out of the water as Smoochy came back down the stairs with the ring box in hand. Larry Joe took The President by the hand over to the trees and knelt down in the traditional manner and once more repeated his proposal: "President, will you marry me?", then he handed her the ring box.
Now you must understand that this ring box was quite unique. It had been hand-made by Larry Joe out of wood, in the shape of a rhombic dodecahedron. In fact, the box was actually a puzzle box, and required a special, awkward three-fingered grip to open. And the two halves fit so well together that you couldn't even see the seam. The President looked the beautiful box over trying to find a way to open it without luck. She handed the box back to him saying, "I don't know how to open it!" Larry Joe then twirled it around, found the seam, and carefully slid the two halves open. He removed the ring and placed it on The President's finger. And finally, she tearfully said "YES!" and kissed him.
The party then moved up to the house and the champagne flowed. The President excitedly called her parents and more friends to come and join the celebration. She beamed with joy, showing off her ring to everyone. Larry Joe likewise had a grin from ear to ear: his crazy plan, a perfect reflection of his personality, had come off without a hitch and he was now engaged to his best friend. | creative_writing | null | null | null | null | null | null | Larry Joe had made a plan; a plan to propose to his girlfriend. She was known as The President among his friends due to having the same unusual name as a former president. The President knew Larry Joe was going to propose: they had shopped for rings together and she had even reserved a venue. In order to make his proposal a surprise, Larry Joe was going to have to do things a little out-of-the-ordinary.
His plan was to have a party with all of their friends, swimming in the lake behind his house. Having such a casual party helped reduce any suspicion that The President might have, plus Larry Joe had thrown such parties before. In order to make things special, he bought a dozen bottles of champagne and food for after the proposal. And to make things memorable, he would shout his proposal while flying over the lake on the rope swing! His plan was coming together.
The day of the party had arrived and the guests started showing up. The President was wearing her bikini and swam to the floating dock. Larry Joe took his friend Smoochy aside and whispered something in his ear. Everyone was having a good time, enjoying the warm water and cold beverages. But suddenly a low rumble of thunder rolled in from a distance. Larry Joe decided he better make his proposal now.
He climbed up on the platform with the rope and yelled, "it's time for the presidential address!" This was the code that sent Smoochy running up to the house to retrieve the ring, which had been hidden in the computer desk inside. Larry Joe then leapt off the platform and swung out over the water. He yelled, "President, will you marry me?", then dove into the water. At this point, all but the select few friends who knew of the upcoming proposal were caught off guard, most especially The President.
Larry Joe then swam over to the dock where The President was laying in the sun, and she said, "is this really happening?" Larry Joe replied, "yes!" He then climbed out of the water as Smoochy came back down the stairs with the ring box in hand. Larry Joe took The President by the hand over to the trees and knelt down in the traditional manner and once more repeated his proposal: "President, will you marry me?", then he handed her the ring box.
Now you must understand that this ring box was quite unique. It had been hand-made by Larry Joe out of wood, in the shape of a rhombic dodecahedron. In fact, the box was actually a puzzle box, and required a special, awkward three-fingered grip to open. And the two halves fit so well together that you couldn't even see the seam. The President looked the beautiful box over trying to find a way to open it without luck. She handed the box back to him saying, "I don't know how to open it!" Larry Joe then twirled it around, found the seam, and carefully slid the two halves open. He removed the ring and placed it on The President's finger. And finally, she tearfully said "YES!" and kissed him.
The party then moved up to the house and the champagne flowed. The President excitedly called her parents and more friends to come and join the celebration. She beamed with joy, showing off her ring to everyone. Larry Joe likewise had a grin from ear to ear: his crazy plan, a perfect reflection of his personality, had come off without a hitch and he was now engaged to his best friend. | null | null |
|
train_9710 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757496 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757496 | 4738b002-24cb-4108-a9ef-4b67d0770923 | What do Georgians like about their home state? | I like the abundant forests of Georgia. The city of Atlanta is quite tree-filled, has an interesting history, is less expensive than other cities of a similar size, and has the Chattahoochee River flowing through it. To the north of the state is the beginning of the Appalachian Mountain Range. While not particularly tall mountains, they offer impressive vistas, moderate day hikes, and many waterfalls. The coastal region of Georgia has some beaches and historic Savanah. Farther inland to the south is the Okeefenokee Swamp. Another appealing aspect is the climate. Summer is hot, but that makes for great swimming weather. Winter is fairly mild, but we get an occasional snowfall to keep things interesting. Fall and Spring are temperate and great for outdoor activities. Georgia also is home to top-tier universities, including one of the best values in higher education, Georgia Institute of Technology, and #1 party school University of Georgia. Finally, the state is politically moderately conservative, with an emphasis on freedom and an appealing economy for businesses. | general_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | I like the abundant forests of Georgia. The city of Atlanta is quite tree-filled, has an interesting history, is less expensive than other cities of a similar size, and has the Chattahoochee River flowing through it. To the north of the state is the beginning of the Appalachian Mountain Range. While not particularly tall mountains, they offer impressive vistas, moderate day hikes, and many waterfalls. The coastal region of Georgia has some beaches and historic Savanah. Farther inland to the south is the Okeefenokee Swamp. Another appealing aspect is the climate. Summer is hot, but that makes for great swimming weather. Winter is fairly mild, but we get an occasional snowfall to keep things interesting. Fall and Spring are temperate and great for outdoor activities. Georgia also is home to top-tier universities, including one of the best values in higher education, Georgia Institute of Technology, and #1 party school University of Georgia. Finally, the state is politically moderately conservative, with an emphasis on freedom and an appealing economy for businesses. | null | null |
|
train_9711 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757501 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757501 | eee12c5e-4aa7-4c77-a0e1-5a3527719fd7 | What are the benefits of building a DIY home build off grid? | Some of the benefits could be: no local government permits or governance, no state or local government infrastructure bills, reduction of taxes, self sustainability for water, electricity, & support services, privacy, disconnecting from social media, reducing your monthly and yearly operational expenses, getting in touch with nature, reducing clutter in your life and a refocusing on bare essentials for living. | general_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Some of the benefits could be: no local government permits or governance, no state or local government infrastructure bills, reduction of taxes, self sustainability for water, electricity, & support services, privacy, disconnecting from social media, reducing your monthly and yearly operational expenses, getting in touch with nature, reducing clutter in your life and a refocusing on bare essentials for living. | null | null |
|
train_9712 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757506 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757506 | 59d58222-7d0b-4ef9-bd85-12145caafc1f | What are some typical characteristics of a Persian cat? | Persian cats generally tend to be medium-sized cats with long-haired, fluffy coats, small, rounded ears, flatter faces, and small noses. They also have round heads and have the appearance of bigger eyes. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Persian cats generally tend to be medium-sized cats with long-haired, fluffy coats, small, rounded ears, flatter faces, and small noses. They also have round heads and have the appearance of bigger eyes. | null | null |
|
train_9713 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757511 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757511 | d0411b2a-bd9d-4567-a791-836041a93ef3 | Tell me about the plot of the book Cold Granite | Cold Granite is the debut novel written by Stuart MacBride. It features Detective Sergeant Logan McRae (who is later nicknamed "Lazarus") as its central character, who works for Grampian Police in Aberdeen, Scotland. Logan McRae went on to feature in a series of books which became a bestseller series for MacBride.
Plot
It is Logan McRae's first week back after being on sick leave for a year; courtesy of Angus Robertson (The Mastrick Monster) who carved him up with a knife. Someone is kidnapping children, murdering them and mutilating them afterwards. The local paper screams about police incompetence and is gunning for McRae's boss, Detective Inspector David Insch. McRae discovers that someone is leaking the stories to a journalist, Colin Miller, who inadvertently disrupts Grampian Polices' plans to apprehend the killer by revealing their plan to wait out in a secluded location which the killer thinks is safe.
McRae discovers that Miller's source is none other than his ex-girlfriend, Isobel McAlister, the police pathologist, who is now living with Miller and tells him about her day to unwind.
Meanwhile, the local council worker who removes all the dead animals from the roads (affectionately called "Roadkill") is found to have a dead girl in his tip and another dead girl is discovered on the local rubbish dump. | Cold Granite is the debut novel written by Stuart MacBride. It features Detective Sergeant Logan McRae (who is later nicknamed "Lazarus") as its central character, who works for Grampian Police in Aberdeen, Scotland. Logan McRae went on to feature in a series of books which became a bestseller series for MacBride.
The Plot goes as it is Logan McRae's first week back after being on sick leave for a year; courtesy of Angus Robertson (The Mastrick Monster) who carved him up with a knife. Someone is kidnapping children, murdering them and mutilating them afterwards. The local paper screams about police incompetence and is gunning for McRae's boss, Detective Inspector David Insch. McRae discovers that someone is leaking the stories to a journalist, Colin Miller, who inadvertently disrupts Grampian Polices' plans to apprehend the killer by revealing their plan to wait out in a secluded location which the killer thinks is safe.
McRae discovers that Miller's source is none other than his ex-girlfriend, Isobel McAlister, the police pathologist, who is now living with Miller and tells him about her day to unwind.
Meanwhile, the local council worker who removes all the dead animals from the roads (affectionately called "Roadkill") is found to have a dead girl in his tip and another dead girl is discovered on the local rubbish dump. | summarization | null | null | null | null | null | null | Cold Granite is the debut novel written by Stuart MacBride. It features Detective Sergeant Logan McRae (who is later nicknamed "Lazarus") as its central character, who works for Grampian Police in Aberdeen, Scotland. Logan McRae went on to feature in a series of books which became a bestseller series for MacBride.
The Plot goes as it is Logan McRae's first week back after being on sick leave for a year; courtesy of Angus Robertson (The Mastrick Monster) who carved him up with a knife. Someone is kidnapping children, murdering them and mutilating them afterwards. The local paper screams about police incompetence and is gunning for McRae's boss, Detective Inspector David Insch. McRae discovers that someone is leaking the stories to a journalist, Colin Miller, who inadvertently disrupts Grampian Polices' plans to apprehend the killer by revealing their plan to wait out in a secluded location which the killer thinks is safe.
McRae discovers that Miller's source is none other than his ex-girlfriend, Isobel McAlister, the police pathologist, who is now living with Miller and tells him about her day to unwind.
Meanwhile, the local council worker who removes all the dead animals from the roads (affectionately called "Roadkill") is found to have a dead girl in his tip and another dead girl is discovered on the local rubbish dump. | null | null |
train_9714 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757516 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757516 | 3a45c6b9-0dea-49ed-8624-0f428f762962 | What is EDM? | EDM or Electronic Dance Music is a genre of Electronic music that is typically played at clubs, bars, pubs, and parties for groovy people to dance to while they have a great time. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | EDM or Electronic Dance Music is a genre of Electronic music that is typically played at clubs, bars, pubs, and parties for groovy people to dance to while they have a great time. | null | null |
|
train_9715 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757521 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757521 | 8d4ced8f-90a7-4b08-bbb7-7efff735636a | How many U.S. Presidents have served in the military? | Twenty-six U.S. Presidents have served in various branches of the military.
George Washington
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe
Andrew Jackson
William Henry Harrison
John Tyler
James K. Polk
Zachary Taylor
Millard Fillmore
Franklin Pierce
James Buchanan
Abraham Lincoln
Andrew Johnson
Ulysses S. Grant
Rutherford B. Hayes
James A. Garfield
Chester A. Arthur
Benjamin Harrison
William McKinley
Theodore Roosevelt
Harry S. Truman
Dwight D. Eisenhower
John F. Kennedy
Lyndon B. Johnson
Richard M. Nixon
Gerald R. Ford, Jr.
Jimmy Carter
Ronald Reagan
George Bush
George W. Bush | brainstorming | null | null | null | null | null | null | Twenty-six U.S. Presidents have served in various branches of the military.
George Washington
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe
Andrew Jackson
William Henry Harrison
John Tyler
James K. Polk
Zachary Taylor
Millard Fillmore
Franklin Pierce
James Buchanan
Abraham Lincoln
Andrew Johnson
Ulysses S. Grant
Rutherford B. Hayes
James A. Garfield
Chester A. Arthur
Benjamin Harrison
William McKinley
Theodore Roosevelt
Harry S. Truman
Dwight D. Eisenhower
John F. Kennedy
Lyndon B. Johnson
Richard M. Nixon
Gerald R. Ford, Jr.
Jimmy Carter
Ronald Reagan
George Bush
George W. Bush | null | null |
|
train_9716 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757525 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757525 | c85d18a2-41b7-4451-b492-e16f1e779dab | Who leads the Cambridge Zero initiative? | Cambridge Zero is Cambridge University's response to climate change. Led by Dr Emily Shuckburgh OBE, a climate scientist, mathematician and science communicator, it is an interdisciplinary and collaborative initiative created "to harness the full range of the University’s research and policy expertise, developing solutions that work for our lives, our society and our economy".
Shuckburgh stresses that Cambridge Zero will not work in isolation and that the climate crisis demands a holistic response: "There is a really urgent need for, frankly, an immediate response on a scale that is utterly unprecedented and does require the whole of our economy and the whole of society. It's about all of us contributing in the way we live our lives".
Cambridge Zero was first announced by Cambridge Vice-Chancellor Stephen Toope in his annual address in October 2019.
Electric flight is one of several engineering areas covered but Shuckburgh emphasizes the need for the broadest range of skills to support Cambridge Zero's output. She says, “I started being involved in climate-related research right at the start of it becoming an international political topic, and it’s been a convergence of different interests.”
Cambridge Zero represents the University of Cambridge in the COP26 Universities Network and is a facilitator of COP26's "Visions for a Net Zero Future" initiative. | The Cambridge Zero is initiative is led by Dr. Emily Shuckburgh, she is a climate scientist, mathematician, and science communicator. | closed_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | The Cambridge Zero is initiative is led by Dr. Emily Shuckburgh, she is a climate scientist, mathematician, and science communicator. | null | null |
train_9717 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757531 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757531 | 56ac2714-9c2c-4f48-9ba4-e71aa462a00f | What is calcium chloride? | Calcium Chloride is an inorganic salt used as an electrolyte in bottled water. Calcium chloride ingested in large amounts can cause health problems, but the trace amounts found in your water bottles is safe. They regulate fluid levels in the body, keep the blood’s pH level balanced and enable muscle contractions like the beating of your heart. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Calcium Chloride is an inorganic salt used as an electrolyte in bottled water. Calcium chloride ingested in large amounts can cause health problems, but the trace amounts found in your water bottles is safe. They regulate fluid levels in the body, keep the blood’s pH level balanced and enable muscle contractions like the beating of your heart. | null | null |
|
train_9718 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757536 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757536 | ec47834c-a335-4710-ad3c-cdcfa2c28f31 | Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description} | The Old Thatch Tavern became the brewery for Stratford-upon-Avon in 1470 when it was also a pub. It has been a licensed pub since 1623 and it is claimed that it is the oldest pub in Stratford. | • 1470 - when the Old Thatch Tavern became a brewery
• 1623 - when the Old Thatch Tavern became a licensed pub | information_extraction | null | null | null | null | null | null | • 1470 - when the Old Thatch Tavern became a brewery
• 1623 - when the Old Thatch Tavern became a licensed pub | null | null |
train_9719 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757541 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757541 | b430324e-529c-456a-8c26-d82563ff6045 | Which company produces Hibiki Whisky? | Hibiki (Japanese: 響) (meaning "resonance" or "echo") is a premium blended whisky produced in Japan by Beam Suntory (a subsidiary of Suntory Beverage & Food Ltd, which itself is a subsidiary of Suntory Holdings of Osaka, Japan). It has won several awards. | Hibiki Whisky is a premium blended whisky produced in Japan by Beam Suntory, a subsidiary of Suntory Beverage & Food Ltd / Suntory Holdings of Osaka, Japan. | closed_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Hibiki Whisky is a premium blended whisky produced in Japan by Beam Suntory, a subsidiary of Suntory Beverage & Food Ltd / Suntory Holdings of Osaka, Japan. | null | null |
train_9720 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757545 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757545 | e6f54316-c877-473a-af4f-2d945dbfff59 | Can I travel to Canada from the United States with my dog? | You can travel into Canada with a dog as long as you have proof of an unexpired rabies vaccination. | general_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | You can travel into Canada with a dog as long as you have proof of an unexpired rabies vaccination. | null | null |
|
train_9721 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757550 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757550 | 2c253635-cd78-4a55-b7af-cba65f86a01e | Which NBA team has the longest playoff drought? | The Sacramento Kings have the longest playoff drought in the NBA. The Sacramento Kings have a 16-year playoff drought and the team last appeared in the post-season in 2006. In that series, the San Antonio Spurs eliminated the Sacramento Kings in the first round after winning the series 4-2. | general_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | The Sacramento Kings have the longest playoff drought in the NBA. The Sacramento Kings have a 16-year playoff drought and the team last appeared in the post-season in 2006. In that series, the San Antonio Spurs eliminated the Sacramento Kings in the first round after winning the series 4-2. | null | null |
|
train_9722 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757555 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757555 | f2f57665-509c-4175-9755-ddccb32fcbac | Is a tomato a fruit or a vegetable? | Tomatoes are fruits because they form from a flower and contain seeds. | classification | null | null | null | null | null | null | Tomatoes are fruits because they form from a flower and contain seeds. | null | null |
|
train_9723 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757560 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757560 | 15d8cdb8-9104-448b-9f7a-c616304f6ad8 | Label each of the following as either a boy or a girl name: Justin, Claire, Barbara, Richard, Nicole | Justin: boy name
Claire: girl name
Barbara: girl name
Richard: boy name
Nicole: girl name | general_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Justin: boy name
Claire: girl name
Barbara: girl name
Richard: boy name
Nicole: girl name | null | null |
|
train_9724 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757565 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757565 | 1b478c6b-ba8b-45e7-a37b-1291b928dac5 | Classify these as winter or summer sports: beach volleyball, cross country skiing, biathlon, triathlon, kayaking | beach volleyball: summer, cross country skiing: winter, biathlon: winter, triathlon: summer, kayaking: summer | classification | null | null | null | null | null | null | beach volleyball: summer, cross country skiing: winter, biathlon: winter, triathlon: summer, kayaking: summer | null | null |
|
train_9725 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757569 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757569 | c3906b03-6334-4191-92e8-fa219a2b8b7d | Write a short story (under 250 words) about meditation. The narrator should be uncomfortable. | Our guide asks us to close our eyes and softly leads us through a meditation: we’re in a meadow, leaning against an old tree. The trunk supports us as we become one with the earth, anchoring ourselves in place, feeling at peace.
She gives us a mantra: “I am…” and we fill in the blank and silently repeat the statement in our minds.
“I am human,” I think to myself as I visualize myself becoming one with the tree, growing roots and hardening, knowing I will eventually be chopped down along with the other trees that must have once been in this lonely meadow.
When our guide softly brings us back to reality she encourages us to share our “I am” mantras and I panic as the other participants declare: “I am brave.” “I am enough.” “I am still.”
I don’t repeat my mantra. I don’t want to explain why I needed to feel human, how I saw myself transforming into not only the tree, but then a sprite, a creature of the forest.
“I am okay,” I whisper. My declaration is met with universal head nodding.
I feel guilty about changing my mantra for a moment, but reassure myself of my statement’s authenticity: I’m no longer a tree, I’m in a studio with several other people, attempting to let go of my social anxieties, and I am okay. | creative_writing | null | null | null | null | null | null | Our guide asks us to close our eyes and softly leads us through a meditation: we’re in a meadow, leaning against an old tree. The trunk supports us as we become one with the earth, anchoring ourselves in place, feeling at peace.
She gives us a mantra: “I am…” and we fill in the blank and silently repeat the statement in our minds.
“I am human,” I think to myself as I visualize myself becoming one with the tree, growing roots and hardening, knowing I will eventually be chopped down along with the other trees that must have once been in this lonely meadow.
When our guide softly brings us back to reality she encourages us to share our “I am” mantras and I panic as the other participants declare: “I am brave.” “I am enough.” “I am still.”
I don’t repeat my mantra. I don’t want to explain why I needed to feel human, how I saw myself transforming into not only the tree, but then a sprite, a creature of the forest.
“I am okay,” I whisper. My declaration is met with universal head nodding.
I feel guilty about changing my mantra for a moment, but reassure myself of my statement’s authenticity: I’m no longer a tree, I’m in a studio with several other people, attempting to let go of my social anxieties, and I am okay. | null | null |
|
train_9726 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757574 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757574 | 07dee24b-3fe9-49ed-8dd3-9311f514b96c | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Rattle, Cak | Cak is string, Rattle is percussion. | classification | null | null | null | null | null | null | Cak is string, Rattle is percussion. | null | null |
|
train_9727 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757579 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757579 | 20a724b5-c2a1-4158-b467-d277de621f28 | What is a fake news? | There is no clear definition of fake news. However in general a fake news is a false or misleading information spread across media. Fake news in social media may be used to attract visualisations and likes so the person posting gets returns in higher visibility and popularity. Sometimes, fake news may also be used in a more architected manner in marketing campaigns with the aim of damaging reputations of brands or persons or interfere with mass opinion in democratic countries for example during elections | creative_writing | null | null | null | null | null | null | There is no clear definition of fake news. However in general a fake news is a false or misleading information spread across media. Fake news in social media may be used to attract visualisations and likes so the person posting gets returns in higher visibility and popularity. Sometimes, fake news may also be used in a more architected manner in marketing campaigns with the aim of damaging reputations of brands or persons or interfere with mass opinion in democratic countries for example during elections | null | null |
|
train_9728 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757584 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757584 | 27d2d512-3146-42b7-a8cb-b863717dbfce | What are Singapore's official languages? | Singapore (/ˈsɪŋ(ɡ)əpɔːr/ (listen)), officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor to the north. The country's territory is composed of one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet; the combined area of these has increased by 25% since the country's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects. It has the third highest population density in the world. With a multicultural population and recognising the need to respect cultural identities of the major ethnic groups within the nation, Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. English is the lingua franca and numerous public services are available only in English. Multi-racialism is enshrined in the constitution and continues to shape national policies in education, housing, and politics. | The four official languages of Singapore are English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil. | information_extraction | null | null | null | null | null | null | The four official languages of Singapore are English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil. | null | null |
train_9729 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757588 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757588 | 23610c3e-cc89-4832-b120-704bef78ab84 | What is it like to live in New Zealand? | New Zealand is considered a really safe country to live in. Politics are quite liberal with the left and the right political parties not having a lot of difference between them. The climate is very diverse from the top of the North Island to the bottom of the South Island however all seasons are generally pretty mild without many extreme weather events. Housing is a big issue in New Zealand, with house prices being extremely high compared to income earned. The culture is could be described as laid back and easy going. | general_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | New Zealand is considered a really safe country to live in. Politics are quite liberal with the left and the right political parties not having a lot of difference between them. The climate is very diverse from the top of the North Island to the bottom of the South Island however all seasons are generally pretty mild without many extreme weather events. Housing is a big issue in New Zealand, with house prices being extremely high compared to income earned. The culture is could be described as laid back and easy going. | null | null |
|
train_9730 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757593 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757593 | 700f2e50-905d-4a97-93ab-2e74fa052326 | What is the main prerequisite for an AI to surpass human-level intelligence? | If a superhuman intelligence were to be invented—either through the amplification of human intelligence or through artificial intelligence—it would vastly improve over human problem-solving and inventive skills. Such an AI is referred to as Seed AI because if an AI were created with engineering capabilities that matched or surpassed those of its human creators, it would have the potential to autonomously improve its own software and hardware to design an even more capable machine, which could repeat the process in turn. This recursive self-improvement could accelerate, potentially allowing enormous qualitative change before any upper limits imposed by the laws of physics or theoretical computation set in. It is speculated that over many iterations, such an AI would far surpass human cognitive abilities. | An AI system needs to have the capability of recursive self-improvement. Once available such a capability would allow the AI system to accelerate its development at a rapid rate. | summarization | null | null | null | null | null | null | An AI system needs to have the capability of recursive self-improvement. Once available such a capability would allow the AI system to accelerate its development at a rapid rate. | null | null |
train_9731 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757598 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757598 | 65f6f416-b0b1-4cc1-931f-6d3880e9ff5d | Given this paragraph, can you tell me why Santa Barbara is referred to as The American Riviera? | Santa Barbara is a coastal city in Santa Barbara County, California, of which it is also the county seat. Situated on a south-facing section of coastline, the longest such section on the West Coast of the United States, the city lies between the steeply rising Santa Ynez Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Santa Barbara's climate is often described as Mediterranean, and the city has been dubbed "The American Riviera". | Santa Barbara is referred to as The American Riviera because of it's temperate climate and south-facing orientation to the coastline. | closed_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Santa Barbara is referred to as The American Riviera because of it's temperate climate and south-facing orientation to the coastline. | null | null |
train_9732 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757603 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757603 | acb6c15e-5922-4caf-a115-380a46b2e582 | Give me a list of the most realistic action movies ever seen | Blackhawk Down, Heat, John Wick | brainstorming | null | null | null | null | null | null | Blackhawk Down, Heat, John Wick | null | null |
|
train_9733 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757607 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757607 | c6eee49a-f077-4e99-9d6d-859fd5af0466 | Provide bulleted list of the years mentioned and what happened in that year in the format {Year}--{What happened} | There have been minor changes to the uniform design throughout the years, such as changing the silver stripe patterns on the jersey sleeves, and changing the colors of the jersey numbers. "TV numbers", which are auxiliary uniform numbers to help TV broadcasters identify players from the line of scrimmage, were added to the jersey sleeves in 1956. White trim was added to the logo in 1970, with outlines (white on the blue jersey, silver on the white jersey) added to the numbers in 1972; the color arrangement on the numbers on the blue jerseys was reversed in 1982. The silver facemasks became blue in 1984. In 1998, the team wore blue pants with their white jerseys along with grey socks but dropped that combination after the season. In 1999, the "TV numbers" on the sleeves were moved to the shoulders. | * 1956--"TV numbers", auxiliary uniform numbers to help TV broadcasters identify players from the line of scrimmage, were added to the jersey sleeves
* 1970--White trim was added to the logo
* 1972--Outlines (white on the blue jersey, silver on the white jersey) were added to the numbers
* 1982--The color arrangement of the numbers on the blue jerseys was reversed
* 1984--The silver facemasks were changed to blue
* 1998--The team wore blue pants with their white jerseys along with grey socks but dropped that combination after the season
* 1999--The "TV numbers" on the sleeves were moved to the shoulders | information_extraction | null | null | null | null | null | null | * 1956--"TV numbers", auxiliary uniform numbers to help TV broadcasters identify players from the line of scrimmage, were added to the jersey sleeves
* 1970--White trim was added to the logo
* 1972--Outlines (white on the blue jersey, silver on the white jersey) were added to the numbers
* 1982--The color arrangement of the numbers on the blue jerseys was reversed
* 1984--The silver facemasks were changed to blue
* 1998--The team wore blue pants with their white jerseys along with grey socks but dropped that combination after the season
* 1999--The "TV numbers" on the sleeves were moved to the shoulders | null | null |
train_9734 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757612 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757612 | 76654e51-90dc-45de-a9fd-6e2b533a34fb | What is the difference between a kidnapping and a vacation? | A kidnapping is when someone is abducted against their will, whereas a vacation is when someone takes time away from their work or school, typically choosing to travel somewhere for pleasure. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | A kidnapping is when someone is abducted against their will, whereas a vacation is when someone takes time away from their work or school, typically choosing to travel somewhere for pleasure. | null | null |
|
train_9735 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757617 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757617 | af01fbbe-6f59-4d21-b972-c2e7ed911c98 | What is Barkers Butts RFC? | Barkers Butts RFC (Rugby Football Club) is a rugby union club in the north west of Coventry, England. It is over 75 years old and operates four senior teams including a ladies team, a Colts team, a full range of boy and girls teams from Under 6s to Under 16s. The first XV currently play in Midlands 2 West (South), a seventh tier league in the English rugby union system.
When the league system was established in 1987, Barkers Butts was placed in the fifth tier, playing in Midlands 1 and were runners up in the first season (1987-88). They finished in second place twice more (1990–91 and 1992–93) but were relegated from tier 5, then called Courage League Division 5, after the 1994-95 season. Subsequently, they have alternated between the sixth and seventh levels.
Barkers Butts has produced several notable international players including one World Cup winner in Neil Back. Other recent mens' internationals include Tom Wood and Jim Hamilton. Barkers currently have two players in the England Women U20s squad. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Barkers Butts RFC (Rugby Football Club) is a rugby union club in the north west of Coventry, England. It is over 75 years old and operates four senior teams including a ladies team, a Colts team, a full range of boy and girls teams from Under 6s to Under 16s. The first XV currently play in Midlands 2 West (South), a seventh tier league in the English rugby union system.
When the league system was established in 1987, Barkers Butts was placed in the fifth tier, playing in Midlands 1 and were runners up in the first season (1987-88). They finished in second place twice more (1990–91 and 1992–93) but were relegated from tier 5, then called Courage League Division 5, after the 1994-95 season. Subsequently, they have alternated between the sixth and seventh levels.
Barkers Butts has produced several notable international players including one World Cup winner in Neil Back. Other recent mens' internationals include Tom Wood and Jim Hamilton. Barkers currently have two players in the England Women U20s squad. | null | null |
|
train_9736 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757622 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757622 | 63f82a96-7c16-4e50-9001-9abbdd8d5618 | Where is Budhor Kalan | Budhor Kalan is a village in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located in the Berasia tehsil.
Demographics
According to the 2011 census of India, Budhor Kalan has 144 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 66.83%. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Budhor Kalan is a village in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located in the Berasia tehsil.
Demographics
According to the 2011 census of India, Budhor Kalan has 144 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 66.83%. | null | null |
|
train_9737 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757626 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757626 | adf8bd4a-2f9c-41a6-92fd-86a02f6ec638 | Given a reference text about Francoist Spain, when did Franco rule Spain and when did he die? | Francoist Spain (Spanish: España franquista), or the Francoist dictatorship (dictadura franquista), was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title Caudillo. After his death in 1975, Spain transitioned into a democracy. During this time period, Spain was officially known as the Spanish State (Estado Español).
The nature of the regime evolved and changed during its existence. Months after the start of the Spanish Civil War in July 1936, Franco emerged as the dominant rebel military leader and was proclaimed head of state on 1 October 1936, ruling a dictatorship over the territory controlled by the Nationalist faction. The 1937 Unification Decree, which merged all parties supporting the rebel side, led to Nationalist Spain becoming a single-party regime under the FET y de las JONS. The end of the war in 1939 brought the extension of the Franco rule to the whole country and the exile of Republican institutions. The Francoist dictatorship originally took a form described as "fascistized dictatorship", or "semi-fascist regime", showing clear influence of fascism in fields such as labor relations, the autarkic economic policy, aesthetics, and the single-party system. As time went on, the regime opened up and became closer to developmental dictatorships, although it always preserved residual fascist elements. | Francisco Franco ruled Spain from 1935 until he died in 1975. | closed_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Francisco Franco ruled Spain from 1935 until he died in 1975. | null | null |
train_9738 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757631 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757631 | 8209375b-7c5f-4efd-8e9d-c3957c2d206a | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Udu, Bulbul tarang | Bulbul tarang is string, Udu is percussion. | classification | null | null | null | null | null | null | Bulbul tarang is string, Udu is percussion. | null | null |
|
train_9739 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757636 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757636 | e4894edc-d475-4d90-8ee9-67d48bf34144 | Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Harpsichord, Quena | Quena is woodwind, Harpsichord is string. | classification | null | null | null | null | null | null | Quena is woodwind, Harpsichord is string. | null | null |
|
train_9740 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757640 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757640 | 0ace7721-788e-4fd3-b77a-59c9eb6dfa90 | Tell me whether these people are authors or actors: Ernest Hemingway, Stephen King, George Orwell, Johnny Depp, George Clooney, Jonah Hill | Ernest Hemingway: Author
Stephen King: Author
George Orwell: Author
Johnny Depp: Actor
George Clooney: Actor
Jonah Hill: Actor | classification | null | null | null | null | null | null | Ernest Hemingway: Author
Stephen King: Author
George Orwell: Author
Johnny Depp: Actor
George Clooney: Actor
Jonah Hill: Actor | null | null |
|
train_9741 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757645 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757645 | 9204f349-e73e-4d03-b7ef-326955f05265 | What are common metrics used to measure the market value of a company? | Common metrics used to measure the market value of a company are:
1. Revenue
2. Free cash flow
3. Net income
4. Revenue growth rate
5. Free cash flow growth rate
6. Operating margin | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Common metrics used to measure the market value of a company are:
1. Revenue
2. Free cash flow
3. Net income
4. Revenue growth rate
5. Free cash flow growth rate
6. Operating margin | null | null |
|
train_9742 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757650 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757650 | e3dddbee-8096-4f82-ac16-9388d0dd4191 | Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Cows (Cattle), Cheetah | Cheetah is wild, Cows (Cattle) is domesticated. | classification | null | null | null | null | null | null | Cheetah is wild, Cows (Cattle) is domesticated. | null | null |
|
train_9743 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757655 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757655 | 976bc2f2-0a52-4fdd-ba32-332b1a076b4a | Whos is Charles Awotwi Pratt? | Charles Awotwi Pratt was a Ghanaian theologian and priest. He served as the fourth chairman of the Methodist Church Ghana from 1977 to 1981. He was the father of the Titus Awotwi Pratt, the Presiding Bishop of the Methodist Church Ghana from 2014 to 2018. | Charles Awotwi Pratt was a Ghaniaian Theologian and priest. He served as the forth chairman of the Methodist Church Ghana from 1977 to 1981. | information_extraction | null | null | null | null | null | null | Charles Awotwi Pratt was a Ghaniaian Theologian and priest. He served as the forth chairman of the Methodist Church Ghana from 1977 to 1981. | null | null |
train_9744 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757659 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757659 | 60c6e04b-4faa-4261-86eb-b1e7019a8fed | What are your favourite films? | Le Bossu is a French language film starring Daniel Auteuil is an excellent film that I've watched many times. I also enjoy the same actor's great film, Jean de Florette and its sequel Manon des Sources, which are, combined, an incredible tale of betrayal, love, and revenge. If I had to choose a director, I would recommend any film by Christopher Nolan, including Memento, Inception, and Tenet, all of which can only be fully understood through multiple viewings. My final suggestion though is entirely different, Dirty Rotten Scoundrels, starring Michael Caine and Steve Martin, is very funny and can be watched many times, even though no one would describe it as a work of high art. | brainstorming | null | null | null | null | null | null | Le Bossu is a French language film starring Daniel Auteuil is an excellent film that I've watched many times. I also enjoy the same actor's great film, Jean de Florette and its sequel Manon des Sources, which are, combined, an incredible tale of betrayal, love, and revenge. If I had to choose a director, I would recommend any film by Christopher Nolan, including Memento, Inception, and Tenet, all of which can only be fully understood through multiple viewings. My final suggestion though is entirely different, Dirty Rotten Scoundrels, starring Michael Caine and Steve Martin, is very funny and can be watched many times, even though no one would describe it as a work of high art. | null | null |
|
train_9745 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757664 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757664 | c809e1b6-f0f2-45bd-8c1d-a4a099e69227 | Classify the following shapes by which have 4 sides or which have more than 4 sides: Hexagon, square, rectangle, octagon, decagon, rhombus, parallelogram, pentagon, dodecahedron, heptagon | 4 sides: Square, rectangle, rhombus, parallelogram
More than 4 sides: Hexagon, octagon, decagon, pentagon, dodecahedron, heptagon | classification | null | null | null | null | null | null | 4 sides: Square, rectangle, rhombus, parallelogram
More than 4 sides: Hexagon, octagon, decagon, pentagon, dodecahedron, heptagon | null | null |
|
train_9746 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757669 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757669 | baeb2323-aa54-46c2-a4dd-7cda7ad4721d | Tell me which of these are fire-type Pokemon: Arcanine, Lapras, Glalie, Spheal, Magmar, Houndour, Entei, Ho-oh, Torchic, Kyurem, Cubchoo, Beartic, Numel, Ninetales, Rotom, Mamoswine | Arcanine, Magmar, Houndour, Entei, Ho-oh, Torchic, Numel, Ninetales, Rotom | classification | null | null | null | null | null | null | Arcanine, Magmar, Houndour, Entei, Ho-oh, Torchic, Numel, Ninetales, Rotom | null | null |
|
train_9747 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757673 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757673 | 7807645b-7788-45e0-a2e3-a4894585a4b1 | Is a Hot dog a sandwich? | Technically a sandwich is defined as being made from 2 slices of some sort of bread or a split in half roll. By that definition, yes a hotdog is a sandwich.
This is however an extremely contentious subject that many dispute. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Technically a sandwich is defined as being made from 2 slices of some sort of bread or a split in half roll. By that definition, yes a hotdog is a sandwich.
This is however an extremely contentious subject that many dispute. | null | null |
|
train_9748 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757679 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757679 | 598245af-e109-4914-a301-e002dbef383c | What is the best method for setting up to hit a golf shot approach to a green? | When a golfer is setting up to hit a golf short, there are several things they need to take into account. First, they need to understand what club to hit based on the distance to the green, the elevation, wind speed and possibly the contours of the green. For beginning golfers, focusing on the center of the green is probably easiest. More skilled golfers should target areas closer to the pin or that leave them an easier putt or chip. The second step is lining up the shot. It's usually best to approach from the behind the ball to make sure your legs and body are aligned to the target. The target (pin, tree, etc) should take into account a golfers natural tendency to either draw (right to left) or fade (left to right) the ball as well as the direction and strength of the wind. The golfers stance will also affect the trajectory of a ball. If the golfers feet are above the ball or the ball is on a downhill lie, the ball will tend to go to the right. If the golfers feet are below the ball or the ball is on an uphill lie, the ball will tend to go to the left. For left handed golfers, simple reverse the descriptions. | creative_writing | null | null | null | null | null | null | When a golfer is setting up to hit a golf short, there are several things they need to take into account. First, they need to understand what club to hit based on the distance to the green, the elevation, wind speed and possibly the contours of the green. For beginning golfers, focusing on the center of the green is probably easiest. More skilled golfers should target areas closer to the pin or that leave them an easier putt or chip. The second step is lining up the shot. It's usually best to approach from the behind the ball to make sure your legs and body are aligned to the target. The target (pin, tree, etc) should take into account a golfers natural tendency to either draw (right to left) or fade (left to right) the ball as well as the direction and strength of the wind. The golfers stance will also affect the trajectory of a ball. If the golfers feet are above the ball or the ball is on a downhill lie, the ball will tend to go to the right. If the golfers feet are below the ball or the ball is on an uphill lie, the ball will tend to go to the left. For left handed golfers, simple reverse the descriptions. | null | null |
|
train_9749 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757685 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757685 | 30c3fbda-2bf4-4850-bb19-bf0bdbcfe6a5 | What does CEO stand for | Chief Executive Officer | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Chief Executive Officer | null | null |
|
train_9750 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757690 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757690 | 7ac557fa-f182-4dbf-8228-3151abe77093 | Who created Craigslist? | Craigslist (stylized as craigslist) is a privately-held American company operating a classified advertisements website with sections devoted to jobs, housing, for sale, items wanted, services, community service, gigs, résumés, and discussion forums.
Craig Newmark began the service in 1995 as an email distribution list to friends, featuring local events in the San Francisco Bay Area. It became a web-based service in 1996 and expanded into other classified categories. It started expanding to other U.S. and Canadian cities in 2000, and now covers 70 countries. | Craig Newmark created Craigslist in 1995. It started as an email distribution list to friends that featured local events in the San Francisco Bay Area. | information_extraction | null | null | null | null | null | null | Craig Newmark created Craigslist in 1995. It started as an email distribution list to friends that featured local events in the San Francisco Bay Area. | null | null |
train_9751 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757696 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757696 | b1db802c-83c8-46a0-8050-1acb07168703 | What are the differences between a ukulele and guitar? | While a ukulele looks like a smaller version of a guitar, there are some notable differences.
A guitar has 6 strings and a ukulele has 4 strings. Because of this, the sound range of a ukulele is narrower than a guitar.
Looking from the front of a guitar, the thickness of the strings increases gradually from right to left. For a ukulele, the two outmost strings are the thinnest and the second left string is the thickest.
A ukulele is much smaller in the size, making it one of the most popular beginner instrument for kids. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | While a ukulele looks like a smaller version of a guitar, there are some notable differences.
A guitar has 6 strings and a ukulele has 4 strings. Because of this, the sound range of a ukulele is narrower than a guitar.
Looking from the front of a guitar, the thickness of the strings increases gradually from right to left. For a ukulele, the two outmost strings are the thinnest and the second left string is the thickest.
A ukulele is much smaller in the size, making it one of the most popular beginner instrument for kids. | null | null |
|
train_9752 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757701 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757701 | b9a45f3c-91fd-4479-9088-247065e0c2be | What is a sandworm? | A sandworm is a creature described by Frank Herbert in his science-fiction book Dune. Sandworms are huge and aggressive and live in the sand seas of planet Arrakis. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | A sandworm is a creature described by Frank Herbert in his science-fiction book Dune. Sandworms are huge and aggressive and live in the sand seas of planet Arrakis. | null | null |
|
train_9753 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757706 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757706 | 5a15f974-f12d-4e93-ad01-ec355efcda1c | When was Amsterdam founded? | Amsterdam was founded in the late 13th century. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Amsterdam was founded in the late 13th century. | null | null |
|
train_9754 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757711 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757711 | b2132841-5f3b-4da6-a3bd-67e636cbb062 | Is ABAKO no longer an active political party? | The Alliance of Bakongo (French: Alliance des Bakongo, or ABAKO) was a Congolese political party, founded by Edmond Nzeza Nlandu, but headed by Joseph Kasa-Vubu, which emerged in the late 1950s as vocal opponent of Belgian colonial rule in what today is the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Additionally, the organization served as the major ethno-religious organization for the Kongo people (also known as Bakongo) and became closely intertwined with the Kimbanguist Church which was extremely popular in the lower Congo. | Correct, The Alliance of Bakongo, or ABAKO, is no longer a political party. | closed_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Correct, The Alliance of Bakongo, or ABAKO, is no longer a political party. | null | null |
train_9755 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757716 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757716 | 8985f74d-dba1-4164-92bd-d5bcd4928e1d | Classify the below aircrafts based on their utility.
F-35, F-22, J-20, Su-57 and the F/A-18, Airbus A380, Boeing 747-8 | Fighter jets - F-35, F-22, J-20, Su-57 and the F/A-18
Passanger aircrafts - Airbus A380 and Boeing 747-8 | classification | null | null | null | null | null | null | Fighter jets - F-35, F-22, J-20, Su-57 and the F/A-18
Passanger aircrafts - Airbus A380 and Boeing 747-8 | null | null |
|
train_9756 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757721 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757721 | b28781dd-bad3-407e-a399-b185cb0d9d98 | Please give me the keypoints about Mehmed II's reign | Mehmed II (Ottoman Turkish: محمد ثانى, romanized: Meḥmed-i s̱ānī; Turkish: II. Mehmed, pronounced [icinˈdʒi ˈmehmed]; 30 March 1432 – 3 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror (Ottoman Turkish: ابو الفتح, romanized: Ebū'l-fetḥ, lit. 'the Father of Conquest'; Turkish: Fâtih Sultan Mehmed), was an Ottoman sultan who ruled from August 1444 to September 1446, and then later from February 1451 to May 1481.
In Mehmed II's first reign, he defeated the crusade led by John Hunyadi after the Hungarian incursions into his country broke the conditions of the truce Peace of Szeged. When Mehmed II ascended the throne again in 1451, he strengthened the Ottoman navy and made preparations to attack Constantinople. At the age of 21, he conquered Constantinople and brought an end to the Byzantine Empire. After the conquest, Mehmed claimed the title Caesar of the Roman Empire (Ottoman Turkish: قیصر روم, romanized: Qayser-i Rûm), based on the fact that Constantinople had been the seat and capital of the surviving Eastern Roman Empire since its consecration in 330 AD by Emperor Constantine I. The claim was only recognized by the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Nonetheless, Mehmed II viewed the Ottoman state as a continuation of the Roman Empire for the remainder of his life, seeing himself as "continuing" the Empire rather than "replacing" it.
Mehmed continued his conquests in Anatolia with its reunification and in Southeast Europe as far west as Bosnia. At home he made many political and social reforms, encouraged the arts and sciences, and by the end of his reign, his rebuilding program had changed Constantinople into a thriving imperial capital. He is considered a hero in modern-day Turkey and parts of the wider Muslim world. Among other things, Istanbul's Fatih district, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge and Fatih Mosque are named after him. | Mehmed II also known as Mehmed the Conqueror was an Ottoman Sultan who reigned from 1432 to 1481. He is known for conquering Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire and greatly expanded the Ottoman empire. | summarization | null | null | null | null | null | null | Mehmed II also known as Mehmed the Conqueror was an Ottoman Sultan who reigned from 1432 to 1481. He is known for conquering Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire and greatly expanded the Ottoman empire. | null | null |
train_9757 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757725 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757725 | f5dc65e0-a3ba-4ee4-b26e-c0fcc404e19e | Please write me a short children's bedtime story about a frog, a tree, and the moon. Make the moral of the story about appreciating what you have in life. | Once upon a time, there was a Frog. His name was Mr. Wilson. He lived in a small little twig house, on the side of a great big pond. He loved his little house. He especially loved how close he was to the water, which let him go out swimming, searching for yummy bugs to eat.
One night he was feeling lonely. It was just him in that tiny little house, by the great big pond. He looked up at the moon and wondered who else lived up there. He said, "If only I could climb up to the moon, I would find friends and be happy". Mr. Wilson noticed a grand and towering tree across the river. He thought to himself, "If I can climb that tree, then I can make it up to the moon!"
So he ventured out on a journey to make it up the tree. He rushed through the tall grass, moving quickly so the cats and dogs would not see him. When he made it to the tree he met an old squirrel friend named Ron. Ron was happy to help Mr. Wilson up the tree. So Mr. Wilson jumped on Ron's back and had a bouncy ride to the top.
Mr. Wilson made it to the top, but the tree needed to be taller! He still was so far away from the moon. Mr. Wilson put his head down and started to cry. He said, "Ron, I can't get to the moon... I'll always be lonely!". Ron responded, "Look around Mr. Wilson, can't you see all the friends in the forest. You don't need to go to the moon! There is plenty of fun you can have right here!". Mr. Wilson had a grand view of the whole forest and saw all the friends he could make. He smiled and was happy. He then knew that all along he had what he needed right where he was. Maybe one day he would make it to the moon, but he didn't need to get there now. He didn't need to get there ever. | creative_writing | null | null | null | null | null | null | Once upon a time, there was a Frog. His name was Mr. Wilson. He lived in a small little twig house, on the side of a great big pond. He loved his little house. He especially loved how close he was to the water, which let him go out swimming, searching for yummy bugs to eat.
One night he was feeling lonely. It was just him in that tiny little house, by the great big pond. He looked up at the moon and wondered who else lived up there. He said, "If only I could climb up to the moon, I would find friends and be happy". Mr. Wilson noticed a grand and towering tree across the river. He thought to himself, "If I can climb that tree, then I can make it up to the moon!"
So he ventured out on a journey to make it up the tree. He rushed through the tall grass, moving quickly so the cats and dogs would not see him. When he made it to the tree he met an old squirrel friend named Ron. Ron was happy to help Mr. Wilson up the tree. So Mr. Wilson jumped on Ron's back and had a bouncy ride to the top.
Mr. Wilson made it to the top, but the tree needed to be taller! He still was so far away from the moon. Mr. Wilson put his head down and started to cry. He said, "Ron, I can't get to the moon... I'll always be lonely!". Ron responded, "Look around Mr. Wilson, can't you see all the friends in the forest. You don't need to go to the moon! There is plenty of fun you can have right here!". Mr. Wilson had a grand view of the whole forest and saw all the friends he could make. He smiled and was happy. He then knew that all along he had what he needed right where he was. Maybe one day he would make it to the moon, but he didn't need to get there now. He didn't need to get there ever. | null | null |
|
train_9758 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757730 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757730 | d20f1773-f143-4ca9-9507-5ebd1c67c5bd | Is tap water safe to drink in Japan? | Yes, tap water is safe to drink in Japan. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Yes, tap water is safe to drink in Japan. | null | null |
|
train_9759 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757735 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757735 | 37e956bb-5b72-4132-8c47-d1704d0f0d9c | Extract the occupations of Elie Wiesel from the text. | Elie Wiesel (/ˈɛli viːˈzɛl/, born Eliezer Wiesel, Yiddish: אליעזר װיזעל Eliezer Vizel; September 30, 1928 – July 2, 2016) was a Romanian-born American writer, professor, political activist, Nobel laureate, and Holocaust survivor. | Writer, Professor, Activist | information_extraction | null | null | null | null | null | null | Writer, Professor, Activist | null | null |
train_9760 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757740 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757740 | 420b941a-639b-4906-9ecb-86a0ca16150d | Who was Catelyn Stark originally betrothed to marry? | Catelyn Stark (nee Tully) was supposed to marry Brandon Stark, the heir to Winterfell, but Brandon was killed by the Mad King and instead, Catelyn married the next in line to the Winterfell claim, Eddard Stark. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Catelyn Stark (nee Tully) was supposed to marry Brandon Stark, the heir to Winterfell, but Brandon was killed by the Mad King and instead, Catelyn married the next in line to the Winterfell claim, Eddard Stark. | null | null |
|
train_9761 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757745 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757745 | 9fd7a203-2b13-4d3b-b3c2-a789757ad10d | Why do I not feel good after consuming a lot of chocolates? | Eating sugary foods like chocolate or candy causes a spike in dopamine, which can make you feel happy and energized. However, when the dopamine levels crash, it goes well below the base level, which can in turn make you may feel tired, irritable, and even depressed. This is because dopamine is involved in regulating mood, motivation, and pleasure. When dopamine levels drop too low, it can cause a number of unpleasant symptoms. | general_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Eating sugary foods like chocolate or candy causes a spike in dopamine, which can make you feel happy and energized. However, when the dopamine levels crash, it goes well below the base level, which can in turn make you may feel tired, irritable, and even depressed. This is because dopamine is involved in regulating mood, motivation, and pleasure. When dopamine levels drop too low, it can cause a number of unpleasant symptoms. | null | null |
|
train_9762 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757749 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757749 | 96c213ef-dd32-492c-8a53-59b328ed413a | Provide some key points about popular game Super Buster Bros from the given passage | Super Buster Bros., released as Super Pang (スーパーパン) outside of North America, is a cooperative two-player shooting puzzle arcade video game developed by Mitchell and released in the United States in 1990 by Capcom. It is the second game in the Pang series and was ported to the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1992. It is also featured in the compilations Buster Bros. Collection for the original PlayStation and Capcom Puzzle World for PlayStation Portable. It was the tenth game released for the CP System hardware. | 1. Mitchell created the cooperative two-player shooting puzzle arcade video game Super Buster Bros., which was published by Capcom in the United States in 1990 under the name Super Pang outside of North America.
2. It was transferred to the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1992 and is the second game in the Pang series.
3. It's included in compilations like Buster Bros.
4. Both Capcom Puzzle World for the PlayStation Portable and the Collection for the original PlayStation.
5. The CP System hardware had just received its tenth game release. | summarization | null | null | null | null | null | null | 1. Mitchell created the cooperative two-player shooting puzzle arcade video game Super Buster Bros., which was published by Capcom in the United States in 1990 under the name Super Pang outside of North America.
2. It was transferred to the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1992 and is the second game in the Pang series.
3. It's included in compilations like Buster Bros.
4. Both Capcom Puzzle World for the PlayStation Portable and the Collection for the original PlayStation.
5. The CP System hardware had just received its tenth game release. | null | null |
train_9763 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757754 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757754 | 10a1eaab-91a7-43b9-9844-687aff5f054c | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Jew's Harp, Bass Stick | Bass Stick is string, Jew's Harp is percussion. | classification | null | null | null | null | null | null | Bass Stick is string, Jew's Harp is percussion. | null | null |
|
train_9764 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757759 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757759 | c960345f-f86d-428f-9cde-5b08d1508880 | Given these paragraphs about Hydrogen Storage, what have been the two main historical forms of storage? | Several methods exist for storing hydrogen. These include mechanical approaches such as using high pressures and low temperatures, or employing chemical compounds that release H2 upon demand. While large amounts of hydrogen are produced by various industries, it is mostly consumed at the site of production, notably for the synthesis of ammonia. For many years hydrogen has been stored as compressed gas or cryogenic liquid, and transported as such in cylinders, tubes, and cryogenic tanks for use in industry or as propellant in space programs. Interest in using hydrogen for on-board storage of energy in zero-emissions vehicles is motivating the development of new methods of storage, more adapted to this new application. The overarching challenge is the very low boiling point of H2: it boils around 20.268 K (−252.882 °C or −423.188 °F). Achieving such low temperatures requires expending significant energy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_storage | For many years hydrogen has been stored as compressed gas or cryogenic liquid. | closed_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | For many years hydrogen has been stored as compressed gas or cryogenic liquid. | null | null |
train_9765 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757764 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757764 | d34c68a6-ff0f-428d-a450-09a1c1aed3b9 | What is Christmas? | Christmas is a Christian holiday that represents when Jesus was born. This holiday is celebrated on December 25 every year. Church's will have a manger setup with figures showing what the birth of Christ would have looked like thousands of years ago. The figures represented would be the wise men, mary, joseph, and Jesus in the manger. The wise men were led to the manger of Jesus by following a star in the sky. Billions of people all over the world celebrate this holiday every year. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Christmas is a Christian holiday that represents when Jesus was born. This holiday is celebrated on December 25 every year. Church's will have a manger setup with figures showing what the birth of Christ would have looked like thousands of years ago. The figures represented would be the wise men, mary, joseph, and Jesus in the manger. The wise men were led to the manger of Jesus by following a star in the sky. Billions of people all over the world celebrate this holiday every year. | null | null |
|
train_9766 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757769 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757769 | d965e535-3794-4058-92ef-1e70e7e5b54b | Which parts on earth cannot view a sunset? | Sunset, also known as sundown, is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon due to Earth's rotation. As viewed from everywhere on Earth (except the North and South poles), the equinox Sun sets due west at the moment of both the spring and autumn equinoxes. As viewed from the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun sets to the northwest (or not at all) in the spring and summer, and to the southwest in the autumn and winter; these seasons are reversed for the Southern Hemisphere.
The time of sunset is defined in astronomy as the moment when the upper limb of the Sun disappears below the horizon. Near the horizon, atmospheric refraction causes sunlight rays to be distorted to such an extent that geometrically the solar disk is already about one diameter below the horizon when a sunset is observed.
Sunset is distinct from twilight, which is divided into three stages. The first one is civil twilight, which begins once the Sun has disappeared below the horizon, and continues until it descends to 6 degrees below the horizon. The second phase is nautical twilight, between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. The third phase is astronomical twilight, which is the period when the Sun is between 12 and 18 degrees below the horizon. Dusk is at the very end of astronomical twilight, and is the darkest moment of twilight just before night. Finally, night occurs when the Sun reaches 18 degrees below the horizon and no longer illuminates the sky.
Locations further north than the Arctic Circle and further south than the Antarctic Circle experience no full sunset or sunrise on at least one day of the year, when the polar day or the polar night persists continuously for 24 hours. | Sunset can be viewed from everywhere on Earth except the North and South poles. | information_extraction | null | null | null | null | null | null | Sunset can be viewed from everywhere on Earth except the North and South poles. | null | null |
train_9767 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757774 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757774 | c9113b4a-b394-462f-9962-81f4d655f6d7 | Classify the below based on the products they sell.
Adidas, nike, Pepsi, Sprite, Fanta, FILA | Adidas, nike, FILA - Shoe
Pepsi, Sprite, Fanta - Beverages | classification | null | null | null | null | null | null | Adidas, nike, FILA - Shoe
Pepsi, Sprite, Fanta - Beverages | null | null |
|
train_9768 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757779 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757779 | b7198ab0-eba9-4700-aa34-0c22fccb40a7 | Which changes to the law are planned for the french pension reform? | The pension reforms have been long-considered by Macron and his government. Reforming the pension system was a significant part of his platform for election in 2017, with initial protests and transport strikes in late 2019, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic which saw Macron delay the reforms further. Raising the retirement age was not part of these initial reforms, but another "plan to unify the complex French pension system" by "getting rid of the 42 special regimes for sectors ranging from rail and energy workers to lawyers was crucial to keep the system financially viable". On 26 October 2022, Macron announced in a televised interview that pension reform scheduled for 2023 intended to raise the retirement age to 65, specifically that the minimum retirement age to be able to receive a full pension would be "gradually increased" from 62 to 65 by 2031, by three months per year from September 2023 to September 2030. Furthermore, the number of years that contributions would need to be made to qualify for the full state pension would increase from 42 to 43 in 2027, meaning that some may have to work to 67 – the year at which a person is automatically able to receive a state pension from. In addition to this, France's 42 separate pension schemes would be "streamlined". Macron clarified he would be willing to "discuss the retirement age with unions and make potential amendments", and that not implementing the reforms would lead to a reduction in the size of pensions.
Details of the reforms were scheduled to be revealed on 15 December 2022, but were delayed further to 10 January 2023, as a courtesy to the Greens and Republicans who were in the midst of electing new leaders; postponing the reforms to allow Macron to consult with said new leaders before revealing said details. | President Macron plans to raise the retirement age from 62 to 65 by 2031. The plan is to gradually increase the age by 3 month per year from September 2023 to September 2030. | summarization | null | null | null | null | null | null | President Macron plans to raise the retirement age from 62 to 65 by 2031. The plan is to gradually increase the age by 3 month per year from September 2023 to September 2030. | null | null |
train_9769 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757783 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757783 | 8d214429-00ed-4b4a-ad33-731dfc9e5f0a | What genres of music were popular in the late 1990s? | In the late 90s, there were a few dominant genres of popular music: boy bands and the so-called "Latin Explosion." Boy bands usually consisted of 5 members, each with a distinct "look" that's desirable to a range of (usually) teenage girl fans. Their songs were usually "bubblegum pop" or love songs, all with catchy hooks or choruses. Popular groups in the late 90s were the Backstreet Boys, *NSync, 98 Degrees, and O-Town. "Latin Explosion" artists were Hispanic/Latino or of Hispanic/Latino descent and the songs sometimes featured Spanish words or phrases, along with Latino beats in otherwise standard pop music arrangements. Some popular acts include Ricky Martin, Jennifer Lopez, Marc Anthony, and Enrique Igelsias. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | In the late 90s, there were a few dominant genres of popular music: boy bands and the so-called "Latin Explosion." Boy bands usually consisted of 5 members, each with a distinct "look" that's desirable to a range of (usually) teenage girl fans. Their songs were usually "bubblegum pop" or love songs, all with catchy hooks or choruses. Popular groups in the late 90s were the Backstreet Boys, *NSync, 98 Degrees, and O-Town. "Latin Explosion" artists were Hispanic/Latino or of Hispanic/Latino descent and the songs sometimes featured Spanish words or phrases, along with Latino beats in otherwise standard pop music arrangements. Some popular acts include Ricky Martin, Jennifer Lopez, Marc Anthony, and Enrique Igelsias. | null | null |
|
train_9770 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757788 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757788 | 5242d963-6643-49ef-8fc8-e1580815c5ca | Which team won the 2023 NCAA Men's National Championship? | The 2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament involved 68 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament that determined the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's basketball national champion for the 2022–23 season. The 84th annual edition of the tournament began on March 14, 2023, and concluded with the UConn Huskies defeating the San Diego State Aztecs, 76–59 in the championship game on April 3 at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas. | The University of Connecticut Huskies | closed_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | The University of Connecticut Huskies | null | null |
train_9771 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757793 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757793 | 3851e4e4-f386-4699-b66b-de169a15e81d | Classify each of these European territories following as a country or capital: Amsterdam
Andorra
Andorra la Vella
Athens
Austria
Belarus
Belgium
Belgrade
Berlin
Bern
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bratislava
Brussels
Bucharest
Budapest
Bulgaria
Chisinau
Copenhagen
Croatia
Czechia
Denmark
Dublin
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Helsinki
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Kiev
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lisbon
Lithuania
Ljubljana
London
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Madrid
Malta
Minsk
Moldova
Monaco
Monaco
Montenegro
Moscow
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Oslo
Paris
Podgorica
Poland
Portugal
Prague
Reykjavik
Riga
Romania
Rome
Russia
San Marino
San Marino
Sarajevo
Serbia
Skopje
Slovakia
Slovenia
Sofia
Spain
Stockholm
Sweden
Switzerland
Tallinn
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Vaduz
Valletta
Vienna
Vilnius
Warsaw
Zagreb | Country:
Albania
Andorra
Austria
Belarus
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Moldova
Monaco
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
San Marino
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Capital:
Capital:
Tirana
Andorra la Vella
Vienna
Minsk
Brussels
Sarajevo
Sofia
Zagreb
Prague
Copenhagen
Tallinn
Helsinki
Paris
Berlin
Athens
Budapest
Reykjavik
Dublin
Rome
Riga
Vaduz
Vilnius
Luxembourg
Valletta
Chisinau
Monaco
Podgorica
Amsterdam
Skopje
Oslo
Warsaw
Lisbon
Bucharest
Moscow
San Marino
Belgrade
Bratislava
Ljubljana
Madrid
Stockholm
Bern
Kiev
London | classification | null | null | null | null | null | null | Country:
Albania
Andorra
Austria
Belarus
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Moldova
Monaco
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
San Marino
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Capital:
Capital:
Tirana
Andorra la Vella
Vienna
Minsk
Brussels
Sarajevo
Sofia
Zagreb
Prague
Copenhagen
Tallinn
Helsinki
Paris
Berlin
Athens
Budapest
Reykjavik
Dublin
Rome
Riga
Vaduz
Vilnius
Luxembourg
Valletta
Chisinau
Monaco
Podgorica
Amsterdam
Skopje
Oslo
Warsaw
Lisbon
Bucharest
Moscow
San Marino
Belgrade
Bratislava
Ljubljana
Madrid
Stockholm
Bern
Kiev
London | null | null |
|
train_9772 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757798 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757798 | 46600309-824e-4d79-a8e4-4d0ec7aa9603 | Who is the first chairman of Chine? | Mao Zedong (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which he led as the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party from the establishment of the PRC in 1949 until his death in 1976. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist, his theories, military strategies, and political policies are collectively known as Maoism. | Mao Zedong is the first chairman of the People's Republic of China, he is also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary and the founder of the People's Republic of China. He served as the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party from the establishment of the PRC in 1949 until his death in 1976 | closed_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Mao Zedong is the first chairman of the People's Republic of China, he is also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary and the founder of the People's Republic of China. He served as the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party from the establishment of the PRC in 1949 until his death in 1976 | null | null |
train_9773 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757803 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757803 | 25d54745-d109-4671-b3f6-5ff6c2fea0f3 | Name some of the most popular TV shows of the 2010s | Some of the most popular TV shows in the 2010s include Breaking Bad, Game of Thrones, Peaky Blinders, Succession or Better Call Saul | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Some of the most popular TV shows in the 2010s include Breaking Bad, Game of Thrones, Peaky Blinders, Succession or Better Call Saul | null | null |
|
train_9774 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757808 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757808 | 0f4ddc10-1276-4513-9ef4-c3ca8ab2f4c5 | Which Targaryen has the dragon Rhaegal named after him? | Rhaegal is named for Rhaegar Targaryen, Daenerys Targaryen's eldest brother. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Rhaegal is named for Rhaegar Targaryen, Daenerys Targaryen's eldest brother. | null | null |
|
train_9775 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757813 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757813 | 9859e167-89fb-4a85-b487-b6bb9a1a1359 | How does the train work? | How Does An Electric Locomotive Work:
Electric locomotives use electricity from overhead wires to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, making them lighter, faster, and quieter than steam or diesel engines.
How Does a Diesel Locomotive Work:
Diesel-electric locomotives provide cheaper upfront costs and improved reliability.
Train wheels are conical, allowing them to travel a longer distance while turning at the same speed as the inner wheel. The wheel on the left is positioned further out from the center of the axle than the right, which is beneficial for stability and comfort of the passengers. Railways have wide curves due to the "flange" of the wheel limiting lateral movement. Distance between tracks must be greater than wheel flanges to allow wheels to move laterally in curves, reducing efficiency and comfort. The "nominal gauge" of a railway is defined for the straight section and widened in curves to allow the train to tilt. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | How Does An Electric Locomotive Work:
Electric locomotives use electricity from overhead wires to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, making them lighter, faster, and quieter than steam or diesel engines.
How Does a Diesel Locomotive Work:
Diesel-electric locomotives provide cheaper upfront costs and improved reliability.
Train wheels are conical, allowing them to travel a longer distance while turning at the same speed as the inner wheel. The wheel on the left is positioned further out from the center of the axle than the right, which is beneficial for stability and comfort of the passengers. Railways have wide curves due to the "flange" of the wheel limiting lateral movement. Distance between tracks must be greater than wheel flanges to allow wheels to move laterally in curves, reducing efficiency and comfort. The "nominal gauge" of a railway is defined for the straight section and widened in curves to allow the train to tilt. | null | null |
|
train_9776 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757817 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757817 | 1218b45c-844a-43fd-996a-1ff8f9193855 | What were some historical reasons for the invention of pad thai? | The dish was invented in part to help Thailand develop a national identity, and also to promote consumption of noodles to alleviate rice shortages during world war 2. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | The dish was invented in part to help Thailand develop a national identity, and also to promote consumption of noodles to alleviate rice shortages during world war 2. | null | null |
|
train_9777 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757822 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757822 | f63e1f80-8430-4572-b1d4-b840f029d6b8 | The BCG vaccine has proved quite effective against which infection | SAR infection | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | SAR infection | null | null |
|
train_9778 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757827 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757827 | 6b0d2c74-23b4-43a6-bc7e-3535cc5a554d | What are the ways to save money in gardening? | 1. Avoid buying potting mix by making your own potting soil
2. Compost your food scraps to make your own soil
3. Avoid buying seed germinating trays by using tofu trays and other recycled food trays to germinate seeds
4. Avoid buying pots and containers by re-using plastic milk containers with the top cut off, tetra pak with the top cut off, yoghurt containers, plastic soda bottles etc.
5. Avoid buying plants from the store by germinating plants from seed yourself
6. Collect rainwater for your plants to avoid using municipal water
7. Re-use water from rinsing vegetables/rice to water your plants to minimize the use of municipal water | brainstorming | null | null | null | null | null | null | 1. Avoid buying potting mix by making your own potting soil
2. Compost your food scraps to make your own soil
3. Avoid buying seed germinating trays by using tofu trays and other recycled food trays to germinate seeds
4. Avoid buying pots and containers by re-using plastic milk containers with the top cut off, tetra pak with the top cut off, yoghurt containers, plastic soda bottles etc.
5. Avoid buying plants from the store by germinating plants from seed yourself
6. Collect rainwater for your plants to avoid using municipal water
7. Re-use water from rinsing vegetables/rice to water your plants to minimize the use of municipal water | null | null |
|
train_9779 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757832 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757832 | 51b79b06-4819-4c04-b137-b598a35f5eb9 | Given a reference text about the Bakersfield Majestics, where did the team play its games? | The Bakersfield Majestics, formerly the Bakersfield Magic, are an American basketball team based in Bakersfield, California, and members in the minor professional The Basketball League (TBL).
Starting The Franchise
From 2006 to 2016, Bakersfield, California, was home to the Bakersfield Jam of the NBA Development League. The team played at Rabobank Arena until 2009 and later at the Jam Events Center. On May 9, 2014, the Jam entered a hybrid affiliation with the Phoenix Suns, giving the Suns exclusive affiliation with the team while allowing the Jam to operate under their own management. On April 12, 2016, the Suns announced that the organization had purchased the Jam and were relocating the franchise to the town of Prescott Valley, Arizona, for the 2016–17 season to become the Northern Arizona Suns. In response, the previous owners of the Jam franchise, Stan Ellis and David Higdon, announced that they had been working with the D-League in securing a new franchise and affiliation before the 2016–17 season, although it did not come to fruition.
In June 2021, it was first reported by KGET-TV that Bakersfield would host the Bakersfield Magic in The Basketball League for the 2022 season. On August 5, 2021, it was announced that Spencer Norman, previously announced as the team market owner for the Fresno Fire, would be the team market owner. Karaya Gage was initially announced as the team's first head coach, making her the first African-American woman to serve as Head Coach of a men's professional basketball team. However, after coaching the team during a pre-season exhibition against members of the Bakersfield Police Department on January 29, 2022, Gage quietly left the organization. The team then announced that Peter Pang would serve as the new Head Coach, becoming the first Chinese-American to coach a professional basketball team in the United States. Lawrence "Doc" Holliday was the team's initial General Manager. However, the team had announced on March 22, 2022, that Holliday had died.
On April 1, 2022, The Bakersfield Magic announced that L. Dee Slade would take over as the new General Manager of the team. | The Bakersfield Majestics played its games at Rabobank Arena until 2009 and then the Jam Events Center in Bakersfield, California. | closed_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | The Bakersfield Majestics played its games at Rabobank Arena until 2009 and then the Jam Events Center in Bakersfield, California. | null | null |
train_9780 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757837 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757837 | f7f02c39-f3bf-4394-ab5a-e673b7ccd295 | Why did Cato think that Carthage must be destroyed? | Although Rome was successful in the first two Punic Wars, as it vied for dominance with the seafaring Punic city-state of Carthage in North Africa (now Tunisia), it suffered a number of humiliations and damaging reverses in the course of these engagements, especially at the Battle of Cannae in 216 BC. Rome nonetheless managed to win the Second Punic War thanks to Scipio Africanus in 201 BC. After its defeat, Carthage ceased to be a threat to Rome and was reduced to a small territory that was equivalent to what is now northeastern Tunisia.
However, Cato the Censor visited Carthage in 152 BC as a member of a senatorial embassy, which was sent to arbitrate a conflict between the Punic city and Massinissa, the king of Numidia. Cato, a veteran of the Second Punic War, was shocked by Carthage's wealth, which he considered dangerous for Rome. He then relentlessly called for its destruction and ended all of his speeches with the phrase, even when the debate was on a completely different matter. The Senate refused to follow him though, especially Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum, the son-in-law of Scipio Africanus and the most influential senator. Corculum opposed the war to preserve Roman unity and argued that the fear of a common enemy was necessary to keep the people in check. Like Cato, he ended all his speeches with the same phrase, "Carthage must be saved" (Carthago servanda est). | Cato felt that Carthage had bounced back too quickly from its defeats in the first two Punic wars, and would have remembered the disastrous defeat at Cannae. He thought that only completely destroying Carthage would remove it as a threat to Rome. | closed_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Cato felt that Carthage had bounced back too quickly from its defeats in the first two Punic wars, and would have remembered the disastrous defeat at Cannae. He thought that only completely destroying Carthage would remove it as a threat to Rome. | null | null |
train_9781 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757841 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757841 | d16628fa-ffc1-4714-a3ed-0d0a2658d28e | From this passage, find out who controls the Panama Canal | The Panama Canal is an artificial 82 km (51 mi) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean and divides North and South America. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduces the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan.
Colombia, France, and later the United States controlled the territory surrounding the canal during construction. France began work on the canal in 1881, but stopped because of lack of investors' confidence due to engineering problems and a high worker mortality rate. The United States took over the project on May 4, 1904, and opened the canal on August 15, 1914. The US continued to control the canal and surrounding Panama Canal Zone until the 1977 Torrijos–Carter Treaties provided for its handover to Panama. After a period of joint American–Panamanian control, the canal was taken over by the Panamanian government in 1999. It is now managed and operated by the government-owned Panama Canal Authority.
Canal locks at each end lift ships up to Gatun Lake, an artificial lake 26 meters (85 ft) above sea level, created to reduce the amount of excavation work required for the canal, and then lower the ships at the other end. The original locks are 33.5 meters (110 ft) wide. A third, wider lane of locks was constructed between September 2007 and May 2016. The expanded waterway began commercial operation on June 26, 2016. The new locks allow transit of larger, New Panamax ships.
Annual traffic has risen from about 1,000 ships in 1914, when the canal opened, to 14,702 vessels in 2008, for a total of 333.7 million Panama Canal/Universal Measurement System (PC/UMS) tons. By 2012, more than 815,000 vessels had passed through the canal. In 2017 it took ships an average of 11.38 hours to pass between the canal's two locks. The American Society of Civil Engineers has ranked the Panama Canal one of the seven wonders of the modern world. | Colombia, France, and later the United States controlled the territory surrounding the Panama canal during its construction. France started the project in 1881 and passed the baton to the United States in 1904. After finishing the project in 1914, the US continued to control the canal and surrounding Panama Canal Zone till 1977. There onwards, after a period of joint American–Panamanian control, the canal was taken over by the Panamanian government in 1999. It is now managed and operated by the government-owned Panama Canal Authority. | information_extraction | null | null | null | null | null | null | Colombia, France, and later the United States controlled the territory surrounding the Panama canal during its construction. France started the project in 1881 and passed the baton to the United States in 1904. After finishing the project in 1914, the US continued to control the canal and surrounding Panama Canal Zone till 1977. There onwards, after a period of joint American–Panamanian control, the canal was taken over by the Panamanian government in 1999. It is now managed and operated by the government-owned Panama Canal Authority. | null | null |
train_9782 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757846 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757846 | 63ad48df-4068-4563-ac4c-80c7d91597db | What are some Australian craft beer brands that I should try? | Australia has many craft breweries that produce a variety of ales and lagers. You could try Balter beer, Black Hops or Green Beacon | brainstorming | null | null | null | null | null | null | Australia has many craft breweries that produce a variety of ales and lagers. You could try Balter beer, Black Hops or Green Beacon | null | null |
|
train_9783 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757851 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757851 | 8285c5ca-234c-45c8-9ae1-11aa77a849ce | What K-pop group did Kang Se-jung sing for? | Kang Se-jung (born January 15, 1982) is a South Korean actress. She made her entertainment debut as a singer for the K-pop girl group Papaya in 2000; the group released two albums before disbanding in 2001. Kang began acting full-time in 2004, and has appeared in television series such as Assorted Gems (2009) and Heartless City (2013). Upon turning to acting, she used the stage name Go Na-eun before reverting to use of her birth name in 2017. | Papaya | closed_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Papaya | null | null |
train_9784 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757855 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757855 | 296e5330-7fdb-4126-86d2-242095d5cd2f | What is positive cash flow? | Positive cash flow is when a business has more money coming in than going out. It is a measure of profitability and can be calculated by subtracting expenses from revenues. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Positive cash flow is when a business has more money coming in than going out. It is a measure of profitability and can be calculated by subtracting expenses from revenues. | null | null |
|
train_9785 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757860 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757860 | ff6804f9-22cc-4acf-84d0-1c596bf89716 | Is society ready for flying cars ? | No, significant work needs to done in terms of :
Infrastructure to support cars that can traverse the airspace
New FAA regulations to manage airspace safety
New driver safety training and licenses
New charging stations
New insurance policies | brainstorming | null | null | null | null | null | null | No, significant work needs to done in terms of :
Infrastructure to support cars that can traverse the airspace
New FAA regulations to manage airspace safety
New driver safety training and licenses
New charging stations
New insurance policies | null | null |
|
train_9786 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757865 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757865 | 318549ea-4409-4faf-b3fe-93f5a232d1ff | Based on this passage, what is the average number of people per family in Zangisheh? | Zangisheh (Persian: زنگيشه, also Romanized as Zangīsheh) is a village in Qarah Su Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 153, in 34 families. | I can only tell you what it was in 2006, because this is when the survey data provided is from. The average number of people per family at that time is the population divided by the number of families, or 153 / 34. | closed_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | I can only tell you what it was in 2006, because this is when the survey data provided is from. The average number of people per family at that time is the population divided by the number of families, or 153 / 34. | null | null |
train_9787 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757870 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757870 | c290145b-9d44-4140-ae63-84de348bddb0 | From the passage provided, extract the government posts George Osborne held. | George Osborne was elected as MP for Tatton in 2001, becoming the youngest Conservative member of the House of Commons. He was appointed Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury by Conservative leader Michael Howard in 2004. The following year he ran David Cameron's successful party leadership campaign, and was subsequently appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer. After the 2010 general election, Osborne was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Cameron–Clegg coalition. He succeeded Alistair Darling, inheriting a large deficit in government finances due to the effects of the late-2000s financial crisis. As Chancellor, Osborne's tenure pursued austerity policies aimed at reducing the budget deficit and launched the Northern Powerhouse initiative. After the Conservatives won an overall majority in the 2015 general election, Cameron reappointed him Chancellor in his second government and gave him the additional title of First Secretary of State. He was widely viewed as a potential successor to David Cameron as Leader of the Conservative Party; one Conservative MP, Nadhim Zahawi, suggested that the closeness of his relationship with Cameron meant that the two effectively shared power during the duration of the Cameron governments. Following the 2016 referendum vote to leave the European Union and Cameron's consequent resignation, he was dismissed by Cameron's successor, Theresa May. | Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury, Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer, Chancellor of the Exchequer, First Secretary of State | information_extraction | null | null | null | null | null | null | Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury, Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer, Chancellor of the Exchequer, First Secretary of State | null | null |
train_9788 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757874 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757874 | 2b00f3d6-0b2a-40ca-86a8-9469ec8c039f | Who was the first woman to finish the Boston Marathon? | Roberta Gibbs ran the 1966 Boston Marathon and was the first woman to finish it. At the time, women were not qualified to run in marathons, so she dressed up as a man and waited in the sidelines until about half the runners had already started then jumped in to join the pack. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Roberta Gibbs ran the 1966 Boston Marathon and was the first woman to finish it. At the time, women were not qualified to run in marathons, so she dressed up as a man and waited in the sidelines until about half the runners had already started then jumped in to join the pack. | null | null |
|
train_9789 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757879 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757879 | b67668b2-b92b-4570-961f-4d36be8a770c | According to the passage below, what is Reinforcement Learning? | Reinforcement learning (RL) is an area of machine learning concerned with how intelligent agents ought to take actions in an environment in order to maximize the notion of cumulative reward. Reinforcement learning is one of three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised learning and unsupervised learning.
Reinforcement learning differs from supervised learning in not needing labelled input/output pairs to be presented, and in not needing sub-optimal actions to be explicitly corrected. Instead the focus is on finding a balance between exploration (of uncharted territory) and exploitation (of current knowledge). | In machine learning, reinforcement learning (RL) is a domain concerned with how intelligent agents respond to maximize their total rewards. Alongside supervised and unsupervised learning, it is one of 3 types of machine learning. Unlike supervised learning, RL does not require labeled data. | summarization | null | null | null | null | null | null | In machine learning, reinforcement learning (RL) is a domain concerned with how intelligent agents respond to maximize their total rewards. Alongside supervised and unsupervised learning, it is one of 3 types of machine learning. Unlike supervised learning, RL does not require labeled data. | null | null |
train_9790 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757884 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757884 | b52f9fef-deae-4741-b3c7-b1abe3558373 | Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Nova Corps or Green Lantern Corps | Nova Corps is Marvel, Green Lantern Corps is DC | classification | null | null | null | null | null | null | Nova Corps is Marvel, Green Lantern Corps is DC | null | null |
|
train_9791 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757888 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757888 | 37e17120-f2ec-4312-8289-03e111c96792 | Please give me a list of the countries in which Gabribaldi fought according to the text | Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi was an Italian general, patriot, revolutionary and republican. He contributed to Italian unification and the creation of the Kingdom of Italy. He is considered one of the greatest generals of modern times and one of Italy's "fathers of the fatherland", along with Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Giuseppe Mazzini. Garibaldi is also known as the "Hero of the Two Worlds" because of his military enterprises in South America and Europe.
Garibaldi was a follower of the Italian nationalist Mazzini and embraced the republican nationalism of the Young Italy movement. He became a supporter of Italian unification under a democratic republican government. However, breaking with Mazzini, he pragmatically allied himself with the monarchist Cavour and Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia in the struggle for independence, subordinating his republican ideals to his nationalist ones until Italy was unified. After participating in an uprising in Piedmont, he was sentenced to death, but escaped and sailed to South America, where he spent 14 years in exile, during which he took part in several wars and learned the art of guerrilla warfare. In 1835 he joined the rebels known as the Ragamuffins (farrapos), in the Ragamuffin War in Brazil, and took up their cause of establishing the Riograndense Republic and later the Catarinense Republic. Garibaldi also became involved in the Uruguayan Civil War, raising an Italian force known as Redshirts, and is still celebrated as an important contributor to Uruguay's reconstitution. | Italy, Brazil, Uruguay | summarization | null | null | null | null | null | null | Italy, Brazil, Uruguay | null | null |
train_9792 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757893 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757893 | 1e945b43-a1dd-4340-a7c0-20b4a3e78690 | What is geodesy? | Geodesy is the science of measuring and representing the geometry, gravity, and spatial orientation of the Earth in temporally varying 3D. It is called planetary geodesy when studying other astronomical bodies, such as planets or circumplanetary systems.
Geodynamical phenomena, including crustal motion, tides, and polar motion, can be studied by designing global and national control networks, applying space geodesy and terrestrial geodetic techniques, and relying on datums and coordinate systems. The job titles are geodesist and geodetic surveyor. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | Geodesy is the science of measuring and representing the geometry, gravity, and spatial orientation of the Earth in temporally varying 3D. It is called planetary geodesy when studying other astronomical bodies, such as planets or circumplanetary systems.
Geodynamical phenomena, including crustal motion, tides, and polar motion, can be studied by designing global and national control networks, applying space geodesy and terrestrial geodetic techniques, and relying on datums and coordinate systems. The job titles are geodesist and geodetic surveyor. | null | null |
|
train_9793 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757898 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757898 | 3998950d-5414-43da-8743-9009f1b4a843 | When did the American Civil War end? | The American Civil War formally concluded on August 20, 1866 when President Andrew Johnson issued a proclamation declaring that civil authority was restored in all of the states. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | The American Civil War formally concluded on August 20, 1866 when President Andrew Johnson issued a proclamation declaring that civil authority was restored in all of the states. | null | null |
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train_9794 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757903 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757903 | c0ca8538-da11-4d4b-80ed-1eefedfd5353 | How do you describe your favorite cup of coffee? | My favorite cup of coffee is served in a cafe. It must be in a ceramic mug, piping hot. Paper cups are out of the question. No plastic covers allowed. The aroma should be a mix of cream, hazelnut and coffee. When I take my first sip, it should be smooth and delicious, only allowing me a small sip lest I burn my tongue. The blend should maintain the flavor up until the last drop. This is how I would describe my favorite cup of coffee. | general_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | My favorite cup of coffee is served in a cafe. It must be in a ceramic mug, piping hot. Paper cups are out of the question. No plastic covers allowed. The aroma should be a mix of cream, hazelnut and coffee. When I take my first sip, it should be smooth and delicious, only allowing me a small sip lest I burn my tongue. The blend should maintain the flavor up until the last drop. This is how I would describe my favorite cup of coffee. | null | null |
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train_9795 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757907 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757907 | 0715096b-68e2-4bc7-b5f7-06f1146cbdd4 | List the types of seed funding available for startups? | Types of Seed funding
Friends and family funding: This type of seed funding involves raising money from friends and family members.
Angel investing: As mentioned above, angel investors are wealthy individuals who provide seed funding in exchange for equity ownership.
Seed accelerators: These are programs that provide startups with seed funding, mentorship, and resources to help them grow their businesses.
Crowdfunding: This type of funding allows startups to raise money from a large number of people, typically through an online platform.
Incubators: These are organizations that provide startups with seed funding, office space, and resources to help them grow their businesses.
Government grants: Some government agencies provide seed funding for startups working on specific projects or in specific industries.
Corporate ventures: Some big companies set up venture arms to provide seed funding to startups in their industry or complementary field.
Micro-Venture Capital: A type of venture capital that provides seed funding to new startups and early-stage companies with a small amount of money. | Below is a list of seed funding options for startups
Friends and family funding
Funding from Angel investors
Seed accelerators
Crowdfunding from a large number of participants
Government grants
Corporate ventures
Micro-venture capital
Startup incubators | summarization | null | null | null | null | null | null | Below is a list of seed funding options for startups
Friends and family funding
Funding from Angel investors
Seed accelerators
Crowdfunding from a large number of participants
Government grants
Corporate ventures
Micro-venture capital
Startup incubators | null | null |
train_9796 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757912 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757912 | f550491a-4989-499a-8db5-cdb6ac222163 | Who Invented the Zamboni | A zamboni is also known as an ice resurfacer. It was invented in 1949 in California, by Frank Zamboni. Zamboni was an American inventor and engineer. His inspiration came from the fact that he owned an ice skating rink in California and the process to resurface the ice was very time consuming. Through his refrigeration background during the years of 1941-1947 he began working on the first prototype. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | A zamboni is also known as an ice resurfacer. It was invented in 1949 in California, by Frank Zamboni. Zamboni was an American inventor and engineer. His inspiration came from the fact that he owned an ice skating rink in California and the process to resurface the ice was very time consuming. Through his refrigeration background during the years of 1941-1947 he began working on the first prototype. | null | null |
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train_9797 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757917 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757917 | c456f6a8-68a3-4963-ad62-06d335aee2f3 | Give me a list of the best ways of looking younger than your age. | To keep fit, maintain clear skin, be positive, always be up-to-date to everything, do not hesitate to change, be calm | brainstorming | null | null | null | null | null | null | To keep fit, maintain clear skin, be positive, always be up-to-date to everything, do not hesitate to change, be calm | null | null |
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train_9798 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757921 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757921 | cd24941b-b815-4b0b-ba22-5009b0d1dbf4 | In Berkeley, how do parents select their public middle school? | The Berkeley Unified Public Schools assign children to their middle school based on the location of their home. | open_qa | null | null | null | null | null | null | The Berkeley Unified Public Schools assign children to their middle school based on the location of their home. | null | null |
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train_9799 | pending | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757926 | 2025-04-04T06:01:03.757926 | 7338428d-4d7e-4fe2-995b-dbb9a32fbc4a | Why did the founders of YouTube start with money? | YouTube was founded by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. The trio were early employees of PayPal, which left them enriched after the company was bought by eBay. Hurley had studied design at the Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.
According to a story that has often been repeated in the media, Hurley and Chen developed the idea for YouTube during the early months of 2005, after they had experienced difficulty sharing videos that had been shot at a dinner party at Chen's apartment in San Francisco. Karim did not attend the party and denied that it had occurred, but Chen remarked that the idea that YouTube was founded after a dinner party "was probably very strengthened by marketing ideas around creating a story that was very digestible".
Karim said the inspiration for YouTube first came from the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy, when Janet Jackson's breast was briefly exposed by Justin Timberlake during the halftime show. Karim could not easily find video clips of the incident and the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami online, which led to the idea of a video-sharing site. Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. They created posts on Craigslist asking attractive women to upload videos of themselves to YouTube in exchange for a $100 reward. Difficulty in finding enough dating videos led to a change of plans, with the site's founders deciding to accept uploads of any video.
The YouTube logo used from its launch until 2007; it returned in 2008 before being removed again in 2010. Another version of this logo without the "Broadcast Yourself" slogan was used until 2011.
YouTube began as a venture capital–funded technology startup. Between November 2005 and April 2006, the company raised money from various investors, with Sequoia Capital, $11.5 million, and Artis Capital Management, $8 million, being the largest two. YouTube's early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and a Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. In February 2005, the company activated www.youtube.com. The first video was uploaded April 23, 2005. Titled Me at the zoo, it shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo and can still be viewed on the site. In May, the company launched a public beta and by November, a Nike ad featuring Ronaldinho became the first video to reach one million total views. The site launched officially on December 15, 2005, by which time the site was receiving 8 million views a day. Clips at the time were limited to 100 megabytes, as little as 30 seconds of footage.
YouTube was not the first video-sharing site on the Internet; Vimeo was launched in November 2004, though that site remained a side project of its developers from CollegeHumor at the time and did not grow much, either. The week of YouTube's launch, NBC-Universal's Saturday Night Live ran a skit "Lazy Sunday" by The Lonely Island. Besides helping to bolster ratings and long-term viewership for Saturday Night Live, "Lazy Sunday"'s status as an early viral video helped establish YouTube as an important website. Unofficial uploads of the skit to YouTube drew in more than five million collective views by February 2006 before they were removed when NBCUniversal requested it two months later based on copyright concerns. Despite eventually being taken down, these duplicate uploads of the skit helped popularize YouTube's reach and led to the upload of more third-party content. The site grew rapidly; in July 2006, the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day.
The choice of the name www.youtube.com led to problems for a similarly named website, www.utube.com. That site's owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube subsequently changed its website to www.utubeonline.com. | Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim were early employees of PayPal, was bought by eBay. | summarization | null | null | null | null | null | null | Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim were early employees of PayPal, was bought by eBay. | null | null |
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