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UNelson Mandela no Peter Ntiti, umdosiphambili wehlangano yabatjha i-(youth league leader.)
UNelson Mandela nabanye ababikibendaba, abalweli bekululeko nabanye abaphethe zepolotiki basolwa ngomlandu wokulinga ukuketula umbuso ngeminyaka yabo -1950 yebandlululo. Umlandu we-Treason wadoswa iminyaka epheze ibeyi -11, bekukuhlaselwa kwe-Freedom Charter ayatlanywa balweli bekululeko. Ngonyaka ka-1961, bakhitjhwa.
UMandela nabanye abalwela ikululeko bebanabalandeli ebebabasekela ebebeza ekhotho ngesinye nesinye iskhathi abasolwa babizwa. Esthombenesi sibona uMandela osesemncani ayokudlula ewomeni elivumako emlandwini wakhe ngonyaka ka-1958.
“Imali ngeze yenza ipumelelo. Ikululeko yokuyenza ngikho okuzokwenza ipumelelo.” ~ Neldon Mandela
Umvumi we-pop weSewula Africa uBrenda Fassie othintekileko emoyeni, usingatha uMandela....more
UNelson Mandela wabuyela emzinakhe eOrlando eSoweto ngemva kokobana bamkhiphe ngentrogweni ngonyaka ka-1990. UMandela wakhulela e-no- 8115 Vilakazi Street esele iphendulwe i-museum....more
UMandela bekathandwa balandeli bakhe, begodu iliphawu lekululeko labo boke abantu. Udlala abonwa njengoZimu eSewula Africa, bekabonwa njengesika yamandla, neyethemba...more
Ngonyaka ka-1991, uNelson Mandela wathola unongorwana wokumhlonipha eJwanibhege e-Univesithi ye-Witwatersrand ngokuzinikela kwakhe enarheni le, nokuba mdosiphambili oyikakaramba okhe wabonwa eSewula Africa....more
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Imikhiqizo yembuzi zebisi ikhuphuka ngemva kwenyanga nanyana ezimbili zokobana zithole amaputwana. I-Colostrum, nekulibisi eliphuma kokuthoma emabeleni, liqakathekile emasotjeni womzimba wamaputwana.
Amaputwana angathatha kubomma wayo ngemva kweveke zikhuliswe zizodwa, ngelitha yinye kwaphela ngelanga, kungasetjenizwa iinjamiseleli zebisi. Imbuzi yomhlobo we-Saanen ikhiqiza ibisi elinengi elinga malitha ayi-1 200 ngeenyanga ezilisumi. Ukobana imbuzi ikhiqiza ibisi elingangani ubuphilo bayo boke kuya ngembeleko yayo, umkhiqizo webisi, amalwelwe (ukobana iyayithola na i-mastis) kanye nokobana umzimbayo obumbeke njani kobana amabelayo kanye neenyawo zawo ziqine kangangani.
Imitjhini Yokusenga Iimbuzi
©Gavin Cressley Fire Fly Farm.J
Lokha umuntu asenga imbuzi utlhoga bona akwenzele endaweni ehlwengekileko, kuzokutlhogakala amanzi ahlwengekileko kanye nethunga. Kungathengwa nestendi sokusenga. Ukusengwa ukukafaneli kube buhlungu eembuzini – ziphe ukudla lokha nawuzisengako. Iimbuzi zebisi kufanele zibanjwe ngokutlhogomela nangenakekelo.
Ukusenga ngesandla kuyadinisa begodu umsengi angadinwa nakungatlhogeka bona asenge imbuzi isikhathi esingaba ma-iri amabili. Kungaba liqhinga elihle ukuthenga umtjhini wokusenga kodwana tjheja ungathengi umtjhini ongaphenduka ube mncani khulu.Ibisi kufanele lipholiswe msinya ngendlela okungarhonakala ngayo, lifike emazingeni ayi-4°C. Lokha nakuzokusengwa ibisi elinengi kungaba liqhinga elihle ukuthenga intanka ekulu ngokwaneleko bona lingamumatha ibisi elizokukhiqizwa ngesikhathi esilandelako.
Ukuhlwengeka Kwebisi
Njengayo yoke imihlobo yebisi, ukuhlwengeka kuqakathekile.Ibisi kufanele likulunyagwe msinya ngendlela okungarhonakala ngayo libekwe ku-4°C. Kuhlala kunemilwana ebisini elihlaza, njeke kuqakathekile bona kulandelwe iindlela zokulihlwengisa. Ngaphandle kwalokha ibisi libekwe limakhaza (okungaba semazingeni angaphasi kwe-4ºC) iimilwana zizoziphindaphinda msinya zone ibisi. Into ehle ongayenza kulifuthumeza, wenzele ukubulala iimilwana ezingaba kilo. Akukaqakatheki ukubilisa ibisi ngombana lokho kungatjhugulula ukunambitheka kwalo.Nanyana kunjalo lokha libekwe ku-63ºC isikhathi esingaba yi-30 minutes, iimilwana zizokufa, kodwana umnambitheko walo ngeze utjhuguluke nakancani. Isenzwesi sibizwa bona yi-pasteurization. Imitjhini yamvanje ye-pasteurization ilitjhisisa lifike ku-73ºC nge-15 seconds.
Ukupakwa Nanyana Ukuphakethelwa Kwebisi
Ukuzalisa iimumathi ngebisi lembuzi kufanele kwenziwe endaweni ehlwengekileko begodu iimbumathi zalo ngeze zisasetjenziswa.
Ibisi esele libulewe amagciwani lingathelwa emabhodleleni weplayistiki nanyana we-aluminiyamu livalwe ngefoyili ye-aluminiyamu nanyana eminye imihlobo yeemvalo. Ibisi esele libulawe amagciwani lingaphakethelwa emasatjhethini abulawe amagciwani nanyana emabhokisini. Ibisi elincani elisaseleko lingazaliselelwa ngezandla, kodwana elinengi lizokutlhoga imitjhini yokuliphakethela.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe
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Utjhefu wama-French, uNicolas-Francois Appert, uthathwa njengobaba wezokukhena ngonobangela wokusungula indlela yokukhena njengendlela yokubulunga ukudla. U-Appet wasungula indlela yokukhena ngemva kobana u-Napoleon Bonaparte wakhupha unongorwana we-12 000 francs kunanyana ngubani ongasungula indlela yokubulunga ukudla abulungele amajoni wakhe ngesikhathi sepi ede.
Lokha nakunganasayentsi egade ilekelela ukubulungwa kokudla kunye neemfundo zamabhaktheriya, kwathatha u-Appert iminyaka ematjhumi nane ukuza nesisombululo. Imilingo yakhe eminengi yayiqalisisa khulu ukubulala amagciwani asekudleni ngendlela yokukokisa nokubulunga ukudla emabhodlelweni angangeni umoya.
U-Appert egade anganayo ifundo yesikolo, wavula ifekthri yokuthoma yokukhena ephasini e-Massy ngo-1804 bewathumba unongwarana we-Bonaparte ngo-1810, ngemva kokutlola ngalokho akutholako ku-Le Livre de tous les Menages, ou l’Art de Conserver Pendant Plesieurs Annees Toutes les Substances Animales et Vegetables (Ubukgwari bokubulunga yoke imihlobo yeenlwane nemirorho iminyaka eembalwa).
Ngalezo iinkhathi kwakuthatha ama-awara amahlanu ukubulala amagciwani emkhiqizweni, egade ufakwa emabhodlelweni werhalasi, bekavalwa ngepropo, bekafakwe ngemanzini atjhisako. Amabhodlelo bekavalwa aqiniswe ngamapropo nengezinto ezinamathiselako.
U-Appert akhange azwisise ngokupheleleko bona kubayini indlela yekambiso lee yarhelebha ekuvikeleni ukubola kokudla, isizathu savela ngemva kwesiquntu sekhulumnyaka yeminyaka, ngemva kobana u-Louis Pasteur athola ubudlelwana hlangana kwama-microbes nokumotjheka kokudla.
Ekuthomeni, kwakusetjenziswa iimmumathi zerhalasi kwaphela ukubulunga, kodwana iimmumathi zerhalasi zajanyiselwa ngeemmumathi zesimbi lokha umrhwebi wamaNgisi, u-Peter Durand ngo-1810, enza imvumo yangokomthetho yamablege wethini ngaso lesi isizathu. Namhlanje, ukukhena kurhona ukubulunga ukudla ukudlula iminyaka engaba mithathu, kwehlise izinga lokubola nokuvumela abathengi bona bathabele ukudla iinthelo abazithandako kunanyana ngisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Ukuthengwa kokudla okukheniweko kulindelwe bona kukhule ngezinga elilingana ne-3.8% qobe nyaka ukufinyelela isilinganiso esilingana ne 118 yamabhiliyoni we-USD ngonyaka ka-2023, njengokutjho kwe-Global Canned Food Market – Growth, Trends and Forecast (2018 - 2023). Imakekhe izele ngabakhiqizi abambalwa, abathengisa imikhiqizo yabo ephasini mazombe.
Imikhutjana evamileko yamuva nje yokudla okukheniweko ngeyokobana iinkapani zizenemibono yokupaka nokobana zibe-BPA-free. I-BPA ijamele ukuthi-Bisphenol A, okuyi-synthetic compound ehlotjaniswa nemiraro yezamaphilo nemiraro yokuziphatha ebantwaneni.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ama-prosesa asalinga amaresibhu amatjha ukuqalana nemiraro yeswigiri emumethwe ziinthelo ezikheniweko.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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Hoseya 12:1-14
12 “U-Efrayimi udla umoya+ futhi uxoshana nomoya wasempumalanga usuku lonke.+ Wandisa ukuqamba amanga nokuphanga.+ Benza isivumelwano ne-Asiriya,+ kuyiswa amafutha eGibhithe. 2 “Kunecala uJehova okumelwe aliqulise uJuda,+ yebo ukwenza uJakobe alandise ngokwezindlela zakhe;+ uyombuyisela ngokwezenzo zakhe.+ 3 Esesiswini wabamba umfowabo ngesithende,+ futhi walwa noNkulunkulu ngamandla akhe amakhulu.+ 4 Waqhubeka elwa nengelosi ekugcineni wanqoba.+ Wakhala, ukuze azinxusele umusa.”+ Yena wamthola eBhethele,+ futhi yilapho aqala khona ukukhuluma nathi.+ 5 UJehova uNkulunkulu wamabutho,+ uJehova uyisikhumbuzo sakhe.+ 6 “Ngokuqondene nawe, kufanele ubuyele kuNkulunkulu wakho,+ ugcine umusa wothando+ nobulungisa;+ futhi mawuthembele kuNkulunkulu wakho njalo.+ 7 Ngokuqondene nomhwebi, esandleni sakhe kukhona isikali senkohliso;+ ngukuphamba akuthandile.+ 8 U-Efrayimi uqhubeka ethi, ‘Impela, ngicebile;+ ngizitholele izinto zenani elikhulu.+ Ngokuqondene nakho konke ukukhandleka kwami, ngeke bathole kimi isiphambeko esiyisono.’+ 9 “Kodwa mina nginguJehova uNkulunkulu wakho kwasezweni laseGibhithe.+ Nokho ngiyokwenza ukuba uhlale ematendeni njengasezinsukwini zesikhathi esimisiwe. 10 Ngakhuluma nabaprofethi,+ mina ngokwami ngayandisa imibono, ngangilokhu ngenza imifuziselo ngesandla sabaprofethi.+ 11 “Kwenzeké okungaqondakali,+ nokungelona iqiniso+ ngeGileyadi. Benzé umhlatshelo ngisho nangezinkunzi eGiligali.+ Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-altare abo anjengezinqwaba zamatshe emiseleni yensimu engabiyelwe.+ 12 UJakobe wabalekela endaweni yaseSiriya,+ u-Israyeli+ waqhubeka ekhonza ukuze athole umfazi,+ futhi ukuze athole umfazi walusa izimvu.+ 13 UJehova wamkhuphula u-Israyeli wamkhipha eGibhithe ngomprofethi,+ futhi ngumprofethi owayemqaphile.+ 14 U-Efrayimi wacasula ngendlela emunyu,+ izenzo zakhe zokuchitha igazi uzishiya phezu kwakhe,+ futhi iNkosi yakhe Enkulu iyombuyisela isihlamba sakhe.”+
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Imisebenzi yokutjhugulula yango-2023
Siyakwamukela ku-iiTranslation. Sizibophelele ekukhiqizeni kabutjha imitlolo enembako yezebhizinisi, zomthetho nezokwelapha efundeka butjhelelezi ngamalimi ali-11 asemthethweni weSewula Afrika: isiZulu, isiXhosa, Afrikaans, Sesotho sa Leboa (Sepedi), Setswana, Sesotho, Xitsonga, Siswati, Tshivenḓa nesiNdebele. Koke ukutjhugulula kwethu kuqinisekisiwe kobana kuhlangabeze amazinga wobuthekniki weentjhabatjhaba. Qala ikhwalithi yokutjhugulula kwethu isebenza! KumaSewula Afrika ama-90% anelwazi lelimi lekhaya, vele utlikhe ikunupe yokutjhugulula ngaphezulu ngesinceleni sewebhusayidi yethu.
Ngombana ilimi lakho litjhugululwa mtjhugululi osisazi, uzokuthola iwebhusayidi yethu isebenziseka begodu inelwazi, ngitjho neenhlokweni eziphathelene netheknoloji. Ngaphezu kwalokho ngekhe kube nemitjhapho yokupeleda namkha yegrama.
Ikhwalithi: Ilungile kwekuthomeni
Senza isivumelwano nabatjhugululi abazizazi kwaphela. Nasitjhugulula umtlolo wezomthetho, sisebenza kwaphela nomtjhugululi oneziqu, welimi lendabuko. Ubuncani beemfuneko zethu zefundo ziziqu zeyunivesithi egunyaziweko yeSewula Afrika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, boke abatjhugululi bethu banobuncani beminyaka eli-10 yezinga eliphezulu lelemuko lomsebenzi. Sikuthabela njalo njalo ukunikela ama-CV neziqu kanye nokutlikitla ama-SLA aqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokutjhugulula kwethu.
Ukuhlolwa kokupeleda nge-MS Word
Imitlolwakho etjhugululiweko inikelwa koke ukuhlolwa kokuhlela okunikela imitlolwakho yesiNgisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sisebenzisa i-MS Word ukuqinisekisa bona imitlolwakho ayinamitjhapho yokupeleda ekutjhugululeni, sisebenzisa ilimi lesimanje begodu iphathwa ngokungatjhugulukiko. Siyakuthabela ukutjengisa.
Ilanga lokuvala
Ibhizinisi ephumelelako isime ekubeni namaqiniso. Sakhe ibhizinisi yethu ngokuhlangabeza ngasosoke isikhathi okulindelwe matlayenti wethu. Ngekhe sazibophelela ngelanga lokugcina abatjhugululi bethu engeze balihlangabeza.
Amakhotheyitjheni
Si-imeyilela umtlolwakho [email protected] utjengise amalanga wokugcina ofuna ukuwahlangabeza kanye namalimi wakho wokutjhugulula. Sizokuthatha ngaphasi kwemizuzu emihlanu ukuphendula iimbawo zekhotheyitjheni ngama-iri womsebenzi.
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Ukhe ucabange ngeenkhathi ezimnandi owazithabela nabantu bakaJehova–imihlangano yebandla ekhuthazako, umhlangano omkhulu, okuhlangabezanwe nakho okuhle ekonzweni yesimini, namkha ingcoco eyakhako nomkhulekeli okunye naye? Awukamkhohlwa uJehova, naye akakakukhohlwa. Uyikhumbula kuhle ikonzwakho yokwethembeka. Begodu uyakululukela ukukusiza ubuyele kuye.
“Mina ngokwami ngizokufuna izimvu zami” kutjho uJehova, “ngizelusele zona. Njengomelusi owelusa umhlambakhe lokha nawufunyana uhlakazekile, ngokunjalo ngizakwelusa umhlambami bengiwusindise eendaweni zoke lapha bewuhlakazelwe khona.”
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UmBuso KaZimu Uyabusa!
Sebanengi abantu abathabileko nabaphephileko ngaphasi komBuso kaZimu opheleleko. Awukhanuki na ukuba sisakhamuzi sawo?
Isimemezelo esitjhukumisakweso esenzwa ngu C. T. Russell’s ngo-October 2, 1914 sabonakala njani siliqiniso?
ISAHLUKO 1
Indaba yomBuso kaZimu behlala isematheni kuJesu kudlula nanyana yini ebekakhuluma ngayo. NakumBuso kaZimu lo uzokufika nini-ke, nakhona njani?
ISAHLUKO 2
Ngubani owahlomisa abalandeli bakaJesu malungana nomBuso? Ngiziphi izinto ezenza umBuso lo ube ngurhulumende wamambala?
ISAHLUKO 3
Kghani indaba yomBuso bekumnqopho kaZimu kwekuthomeni? UJesu wayikhanyisa njani indaba yomBuso?
ISAHLUKO 4
Khuyini okwenziwe mbuso malungana nebizo lakaJehova? Wena ungahlanganyela njani ekucwengisweni kwebizo lakaJehova?
ISAHLUKO 5
Funda ngelwazi elinabileko ngomBuso kaZimu, ababusi nababuswako, nalokho okufuze ukwenze newuthi uyazithoba kiwo.
ISAHLUKO 6
Kubayini uJesu bekaqiniseka bona uzokuba nabantu abazimisele ukumlandela ngemihla yokuphela? Ungakutjengisa njani ukuthi uwufuna qangi umBuso?
ISAHLUKO 7
Funda ngamakghono asetjenziswe babantu bakaZimu bona batjele abantu abanengi ngeendaba ezimnandi ngaphambi kokufika kwesiphelo.
ISAHLUKO 8
Umsebenzi wethu wokutjhugulula iincwadi utjengisa njani bona iKosi iyasisekela? Ngimaphi amaqinso akwenze waqiniseka bona umBuso kaZimu uyinto yamambala?
ISAHLUKO 9
UJesu wafundisa abafundi bakhe iimfundo ezimbili eziqakathekileko ngesivuno esikhulu esingokomoya. Zisithinta njani-ke iimfundwezi namhlanjesi?
ISAHLUKO 10
UKresimusi nesiphambano kuhlobana njani?
ISAHLUKO 11
Abalindi namasango wethempeli elingokomfanekiso elabonwa nguHezekiyeli bekutjho likhulu ebantwini bakaZimu solo kwango-1914.
ISAHLUKO 12
IBhayibheli alimadanisi ubudlapha nokuhleleka, kunalokho likumadanisa nokuthula. Kubayini? Begodu ipendulo yakhona iwathinta njani amaKrestu namhlanjesi?
ISAHLUKO 13
AmaJaji wemakhotho namhlanjesi alingisa umfundisi womThetho wakade uGamaliyeli.
ISAHLUKO 14
AboFakazi bakaJehova babhobokelwa “mlambo” wetjhutjhiso ngebanga lokungathathihlangothi kwabo, kodwana amazi lawo aginywa mthombo ebewungakaqalwa nokuqalwa.
ISAHLUKO 15
Abantu bakaZimu balilwele ilungelo labo lokuphila ngokuvumelana nemithetho yomBuso kaZimu.
ISAHLUKO 16
Singazuza njani emihlanganweni yethu yokukhulekela uJehova?
ISAHLUKO 17
Iinkolo zakaZimu zizisize njani iinkhonzi bona ziyihlomele ikonzo yazo?
ISAHLUKO 18
Ibuyaphi imali le? Isetjenziswa njani?
ISAHLUKO 19
Imakhiwo yokukhulekela iletha idumo kuZimu, kodwana yena kukhona akuthanda khulu kunemakhiwo le.
ISAHLUKO 20
Sazi njani bona umsebenzi wokuhlangula uyingcenye yekonzo ecwengileko yokukhulekela kwethu uJehova?
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UJoromiya wanikelwa umsebenzi ongasibulula nakancani, obegade ufanekisela indlela uJehova azokutjhabalalisa ngayo isitjhaba esinekani samaJuda neJerusalema
UJoromiya wathenga ibhande lelineni
13:1, 2
Ibhande ebelibotjhwe edinini belifanekisela ubungani obuhle phakathi kwakaJehova nesitjhaba sama-Israyeli
UJoromiya wathatha ibhande wayolifihla eMlanjeni weYufrathe
13:3-5
Walifihla empharwini wamadwala, emva kwalokho wabuyela eJerusalema
UJoromiya waya eMlanjeni weYufrathe wafese warhubha ibhande
13:6, 7
Besele livithike komhlolo
UJehova wahlathulula ukuthi kutjho ukuthini koke lokhu ngemva kobana uJoromiya aqedile ukwenza umsebenzi lo
13:8-11
Ukuthembeka kwakaJoromiya okusuka ehliziyweni endabeni le, engabonakala ingakaqakatheki kangako, kwadlala indima ekulu emizamweni kaJehova wokuthinta iinhliziyo zabantu
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Mkhulekeli othandekako esikholwa naye:
Njengombana wazi, iBhayibheli liyincwadi ekhuluma khulu ngabantu. Abanengi babo bekumadoda nabafazi abathembekileko abaqalana nobudisi obufanako nobethu. ‘Bebabantu abafana nathi.’ (Jakopo 5:17) Abanye bebagandelelwa miraro namatshwenyeko. Abanye bazwiswa ubuhlungu obukhulu khulu malunga wemindenabo namkha ziinkhonzi abakunye nazo ebandleni. Kukulapho inengi litshwenywa yisazelo semitjhapho abayenzako.
Kghani abantu abanjalo bamtjhiye ngokupheleleko uJehova? Awa. Abanengi babo bebafana nomrhubi owathandaza wathi: ‘Ngiduke njengemvu elahlekileko. Yewufune incekwakho ngombana angikayikhohlwa imiyalwakho.’ (IRhubo 119:176) Kghani ubujamo bakho buyahlobana namezwi la?
UJehova akabakhohlwa abakhulekeli abadurhileko emhlambinakhe. Ngokuhlukileko, uyabafuna ngokusebenzisa abakhulekeli abakunye nabo. Ngokwesibonelo akhe sicabangele indlela uJehova asiza ngayo incekwakhe uJobho, owaqalana neentjhijilo ezinengi kunye nokubogaboga komnothwakhe, ukulahlekelwa babantu abathandako, kunye nemiraro yepilo. UJobho wabekezelela namezwi abuhlungu avela kilabo ebekufuze bamsekele ebudisini ebekaqalene nabo. Kodwana akhenge amlahle uJehova, nanyana ngesinye isikhathi abanomcabango ongakafaneli ngaye. (Jobho 1:22; 2:10) UJehova wamsiza njani uJobho ukuthi abuyele esigeni?
UJehova wasebenzisa u-Elihu, umkhulekeli okunye naye bona asize uJobho. Lokha uJobho nakaveza amatshwenyekwakhe, u-Elihu wamlalela begodu watjhukumiseleka bona akhulume. Bekazokuthini? Kghani bekazokunyefula uJobho namkha alinge ukumkhuthaza ngokusebenzisa isazelo namkha ihlazo? Kghani u-Elihu waziqala njengomkhulu kuJobho? Awa! U-Elihu nakatjhukunyiswa mumoya kaZimu, wathi: “Phambi kwakaZimu sengizifanela nawe, nami ngabunjwa ngomdaka.” Wabuye wamqinisekisa ngokuthi: “Ngalokho ukungesaba kungakwethusi, nesandla sami singakudisibezi.” (Jobho 33:6, 7) Kunokobana angezelele ebudisini bakaJobho, ngethando u-Elihu wakhupha iseluleko nesikhuthazo uJobho ebegade asitlhoga.
Sibawa wazi ukuthi incwajana le siyilungiselele ngomoya ofanako. Kokuthoma silalele, ngokutjheja okukhulu sacabangela ubujamo namazizo wenengi elidurhileko. (IzAga 18:13) Bese sahlolisisa imiTlolo, ngomthandazo sacabangela iindlela uJehova asiza ngazo iinceku zakhe zangaphambilini lokha naziqalene nobujamo obufana nebethu. Siphethe ngokuhlanganisa koke ukulandisa kwemiTlolo leyo kunye nezehlakalo zanamhlanjesi bona sikhuphe incwajana le. Sikumema ngethando bona uyifunde incwajana le. Sibawa uqiniseke ukuthi sikuthanda kwamambala.
UmKhandlu ONqophisako WaboFakazi BakaJehova
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Igama
Ijinja yomango nofana ye-Natal (Wild Ginger or Natal Ginger)
Igama lesi-Latin
Siphonochilus aethiopicus
Ihlathululo
Imirhabu yesimilwesi i-Wild Ginger ayinuki njenge jinja kwaphela, kodwana ibuye inambithe njengayo. Umhlobo lo uyincenye yomndeni wamamajinja (Gingers) begodu athwala inani eliphezulu lamakari, avamise ukukhula ngesikhathi nangenva kwesikhathi sokutlhurha. Amathuthumbo amumethe umnuko, begodu anesilinganiso esimamilimitha ama-60-80mm wobubanzi, anombala obukhobe okukhanyako ukuya kophephula begodu siwathwalela phasi eduze nehlabathi.
Nanyana kulithuthumbo elonakala lula ngokuthi likghone ukuhlala ilanga linye kwaphela nje, isimilwesi sikghona ukupha amathuthumbo amasumi amabili nahlanu ukusuka ngenyanga kaSewula ukuya kuSinyikhaba. Imirabhu yesimilwesi isetjenziselwa khulu ukulapha amakhaza kanye nomgomani begodu ukuya nokuya siyaphela emangweni isimilwesi.
Indawalo yemvelo
Ithuthumbeli lingabonwa limile eendaweni ezihlangana namatje nemahlathini weSewula Afrika, kodwana kukhe kwaqatjangwa bonyana liphelile eendaweni lapho linomlando wokutholakala khona.
Ibuthelelolwazi ngomangwawo
Isimilwesi i-Wild Ginger sisetjenziswa khulu eenhlahleni zokulapha ngokwesintu, okufaka hlangana ukusetjenziswa ngokwendabu begodu kungebangelo isimilwesi sivunwe khulu – pheze ukufikela lapho sipheze satjhabalala khona. Kuqatjangwa bonyana sitjhabalele koke emangweni wa-KwaZulu-Natal. Sele babanengi abantu abatjala isimilwesi ukwenzela ukusisindisa ekutjhabalaleni kwaso.
Isitjhaba samaZulu sisebenzisa isimilwesi ukuvikela umbani kanye neenyoka, kuthi imirabhaso kanye neencenye engaphasi kwehlabathi ethumela imirabhu ngaphandle, ihlafunywa iseseyitja ukwenzela ukuvikela i-asthma, hysteria, amakhaza, ukukhohlela kanye nomgomani. Isimilwesi sivamise ukuhlafunywa bafazi besitjhaba samaSwati ngesikhathi besesikhathini begodu basisebenzisela ne-Malaria.
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I-Reserve Ehle
iMapungubwe National Park yavulela umphakathi amasango wayo ngo-2004. I-Reserve le yihlecizele imikariso mraro, kanye nemiraro. Ngayithola ilokho imthombo wethabo kanye nehlohlozelo. Esinye isivakatjhi esele sikhulile esivela eThohoyandou sangitjela bona woke umuntu oza eMapungubwe ufuna kuthiwe ngeyakhe. Begodu ngivumelana naye.
Ufika Njani Khona
IMapungubwe National Park isebangeni elimakhilomitha ama-530 ePumalanga yeJwanisbhege (480kms nawusuka ePitori). Kungakuthatha ama-iri amahlanu kuya kwasithandathu ukuya khona kuyangokobana i-Traffic injani, kodwana ngeze uzisole.
Ukusuka eJwanisbhege, thatha iN1 oya ePolokwane ujike e R521 oya e-Dendron. Ngemva kwe-Dendron (ebizwa Mogwadi), ragela phambili uye e-R521 eya eVivo. Uzokubona indlela eqondileko ehlanu kwentabeni ye-Soutpansberg evele esikgweni esisipara uzokudlula ipente yetjingalanga.
Ngemva kweVivo kuza i-hunting mecca of Alldays. Indlela izomba iyengesidleni iye ngesinqeleni ragela phambili uye ngendlela i-R521 eya e-Pontdrift.
Amakhilomitha ayi-11 ngaphambi kwe-Pontdrift border post, uzokubona itjhwayo elitlolwe Mapungubwe jikela esandleni sokugoma endleni i- R572 uragele phambili amakhilomitha ayi-23 uye esangweni elikhulu.
Ungaye eMapungubwe ngendlela ye-Mussina. Ukulandela indlela le, ragela phambili ngo-N1 udlule iPolokwane / Pietersburg kanye neMakhado/Louis Trichardt to Musina/Messina.
Emessina jikela ngesandleni sesincele e-R521 utjhayele amakhilomitha ayi-60 ukuya esangweni elikhulu. Zonke iindlela eziya esangweni elikhulu leMapungubwe zineskontiri begodu zisebujameni obuhle.
Stock up at Polokwane
Tjheja bona iPolokwane yidorobha elikhulu lokugcina ozolibona, njeke thenge yoke into ozoyitlhoga. IMapungubwe yiphaga ozenzela ukudla abakuthengisi. Amadorobha we-Dendron, Vivo, kanye ne-Alldays anentetjhi zepetroli kanye neentolo ezincani ezimbalwa. Khumbula ukuzalisa e-Alldays ngombana azisekho iintetjhi zepetroli hlangana ne-Alldays kanye ne Mapungubwe. Estejinesi akusanapetroli ekhona eMapungubwe. Istetjhi sePetroli esiseleko siseDongola Ranch, nesemakhilomitheni ayi-30 nawusuka esangweni elikhulu eliya eMussina.
Ubujamo Bezulu kanye ne-Malariya
iMapungubwe isencenyeni yenarha eyomileko, begodu izulu ngonyaka lina ehlobo hlangana namamilimitha ayi-350-400. Njengoba kutjhiwo ngaphambili, isifundesi sihlale somile eskhathini esinengi. Kutjhisa khulu ehlobo, kufike ku-45 degrees. Ubusika bufuthumele kodwana ebusuku kumakhazana. Kumqabango omuhle ukuza nezambatho ezifuthumeleko nangabe uzokutjhayela ebusuku.
iMapungubwe itjhwaywe njengendawo enemalariya, njeke ungakhohlwa ispreyi sabonompopoloza. Kodwana ikghonakalo yokuba nabonompopoloza abathwele iMalaria iphasi kuneyeKruger, nanyana kunjalo akunamuntu okhe wabika bona imphethe. Ungazikhethela bona uzokusela isihlahla semalariya namkha awa.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe
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UDOREEN wasala abambe ongenzasi indodakwakhe uWesley eneminyaka ema-54, nakutholakala ukuthi udliwa yikankere yobuqopho ebeyisolo ibelesela ngamandla. * Abodorhodere base bamninkela iimveke ezimbadlwana zokuthi aphilaphile amalangana. UDoreen uthi: “Azange ngiyikholwe into engayizwa mhlokho. Kwaphela iimveke ngigedeka ngingakwazi nokwenzani. Kwaba ngasuthi lokhu kwenzeka komunye umuntu, ingasi kithi. Bengingakakulindeli nakancani lokhu.”
Kuyadanisa ukwazi ukuthi ubujamo bakaDoreen bujayelekile. Isindabelaphi le idla nanyana ngubani ngesikhathi efuna ngaso. Abantu abazimisele ukutlhogomela iingulani zabo ezisuhlwa malwelwe angalaphekiko, kufuze babukwe tle! Phela ukutlhogomela umuntu ogulako akusikudlala. Khuyini-ke engenziwa malunga womndeni ekutheni aduduze bewatlhogomele umuntu amthandako oselagulela ukufa? Abatlhogomeli bona bangakghona njani ukuphila namazizo wokugulelwa? Kungalindelwani njengombana nokufa sekutjhidela? Akhesithome siqale yokuthi kusitjhijilo ngaliphi ukutlhogomela umuntu oselagulela ukufa emalangeni esiphila kiwo la.
IMIRARO YEMALANGENI ESIPHILA KIWO
Isayensi yezokwelapha ilithuthukisile izinga lepilo yomuntu ogulela ukufa. Ekhulwini leminyaka namkha okungaphezu kwalo, bekubhala nanyana inarha ingathuthuka kangangani, kodwana ukuphila komuntu bekuvele kukufitjhani. Abantu bebafa msinyana khulu ngebanga lamalwelwe athathelanako namkha ngeengozi. Bewamancani khulu amathuba wokulatjhelwa esibhedlela, ngombana kanengi abantu bebatlhogonyelwa mindenabo emakhaya bekube kulapho bahlongakala khona.
Namhlanjesi, izazi zezokwelapha zibambisene nabodorhodere ekulwisaneni namagulo abeleselako la, ukwenzela bona ipilo yomuntu kheyidosadose isikhatjhana. Amagulo ebekangadla ipilo yomuntu ngokuphazima kwelihlo, bawadambisile ukwenzela bona abantu bakwazi ukuphila iminyaka eminenganyana. Kodwana ukululwa kwepilokho akutjho bonyana ipengu seyitholakele. Iingulani kanengi ziphathwa malwelwe akhandlako, akwenza kube budisi ukuthi zizitlhogomele zona ngokwazo. Yeke ukutlhogomela abantu abanjalo kukhandla ngendlela erarako.
Kuthuthuke njalo-ke ukufa, kwasuka emakhaya kwabe kwayokungena neembhedlela. Ngalokho-ke ebantwini abanengi namhlanje indaba yokufa komuntu kuba yinto erarako, kangangokuthi abanye azange khebambone umuntu nakafa. Yeke ukusatjwa kwezinto ezingaziwako kungaba sithiyo bekunyefise nemizamo yabantu abafuna ukutlhogomela amalunga wemindenabo agulako. Bangasizwa njani-ke?
BHINCELA FUTHI
Njengombana khesakhuluma ngendaba kaDoreen phambilini, kuyinto ejayelekileko ngabantu bona baphelelwe mamandla nakutholakala ukuthi umuntu abamthandako udliwa bulwelwe obuyingozi. Phakathi nesikhatheso urhidlwa livalo, ngapha utlhuwile, alo ungabhincela njani safuthi? Inceku kaZimu ethembekileko yakhe yathandaza yathi: “Sifundise ukubala amalangethu ukuze sizuze ihliziyo enokuhlakanipha.” (IRhubo 90:12) Thululela ihliziywakho kuZimu ekutheni ‘akufundise ukubala amalangakho’ ngokuhlakanipha, khona uzawasebenzisela ukutlhogomela ilunga lomndenakho ngendlela ephumelelako.
Indaba le itlhoga ukudlelwa amathambo wengqondo. Nangabe ogulako loyo usakghona ukuzikhulumela begodu uyavuma nokukhuluma ngendaba leyo, kungaba kuhlakanipha ukumbuza bonyana ngubani ozamthathela iinqunto nasele angasakwazi ukuzenzela. Angatjho lokho akunyulako, njengokulatjhelwa esibhedlela aphefunyuliswe ngemitjhini namkha akhethe elinye ihlobo lokulatjhwa. Isiqunto esinjalo singenza izinto zibe lula, siphungule nemizwa yokuzibeka umlandu emalungwini womndeni ebekakatelelwa ukwenzela isiguli esingasakghoni iinqunto. Ukukhuluma kusese nesikhathi kuvulela umndeni amathuba wokutlhogomela ihlalakuhle yesigulani. IBhayibheli lithi, “amaqhinga ayatjhabalala; kodwana ngabeluleki abanengi ayaphumelela.”—IzAga 15:22.
UKUFAKA ISANDLA
Indima yabatlhogomeli ngokujayelekileko iba kududuza isigulani. Umuntu osele azokuhlongakala kufuze nimqinisekise ngokuthi anikamlahleli izandla. Alo ningakwenza njani lokho? Ningamfundela incwadi namkha nimvumele iingoma ezizomqinisa, nenaziko ukuthi uyazithanda. Abanengi abagulela ukufa bayaduduzeka navane amalunga womndeni ababamba izandla, be akhulume nabo ngommoya ophasi.
Kuyasiza ukunande uvakatjhelwa babantu. Kunombiko othi: “Ezinzweni zomuntu ezihlanu, ukuzwa ngeendlebe kumumuzwa ongekhe walahleka lula njalo. Umuzwa loyo vane usebenza nalokha iingulani nazicimezileko, yeke ungathomi utjho izinto ongeze wazitjho nazivukileko.”
Nakukghonakalako thandazani ndawonye. IBhayibheli lithi kesinye isehlakalo uPowula nabakhambisani bakhe bebagandeleleke ngendlela erarako, kangangokuthi bebangasaqiniseki nangokuphepha kwamaphilwabo. Alo lavelaphi isizo? UPowula wancenga abangani bakhe wathi: “Nani nihlanganyele ekusisizeni ngemithandazo yenu.” (2 Korinte 1:8-11) Umthandazo osuka ekuzikeni kwehliziyo uqakatheke tle nanigandelelekile namkha nakumbulwa kwembeswa!
KUFANELE SIVUME
Akunanto ebuhlungu njengokufelwa mumuntu omthandako. Ngikho kusibhalela kangaka ukwamukela nasifelweko, ngombana imvelo ayitjho njalo. Kwemathomeni besingakadalelwa bona sikwamukele ukufa, kube yinto esiyijayeleko. (Roma 5:12) NeliZwini lakaZimu imbala, ukufa kubizwa ‘ngesitha.’ (1 Korinte 15:26) Akusirari-ke ukuthi kubayini vane singhanghabale nakufanele sicabange ngokuhlongakalelwa mumuntu esimthandako.
Nanyana kunjalo, ukulindela okungenzeka kungasiza umndeni ubohlise ivalo, bewuzame nokwenza izinto zibe lula. Ezinye zezehlakalwezi kukhulunywa ngazo ebhoksini elithi, “Amalanga Nasele Alalamela Ngemaphethelweni.” Nokho akusizo zoke iingulani eziqalana nobujamobu, begodu lokhu akusiyinto eyenzeka ngenaneko. Nanyana kunjalo, ezinye zeenguli ziyakhe zivelelwe zizintwezi.
Ngemva kokuhlongakalelwa mumuntu omthandako, kungaba kuhlakanipha ukubiza umngani oseduze, enakhe nacoca naye ngaphambili navumelana ngokuthi uzakusiza. Abatlhogomeli kunye nomndeni bangatlhoga ukuqinisekiswa ngokuthi umuntwabo abamthandako uphumulile eenhlungwini ebekakizo. UMbumbi wethu onomusa usiqinisekisa ngethando lakhe asitjele nokuthi “abahlongakeleko abazi litho.”—UMtjhumayeli 9:5.
UMTLHOGOMELI OPHUMA PHAMBILI
Ukuthembela kuZimu akugcini ngokuqakatheka nasiqalene nokugula okukhandlako komuntu esimthandako kwaphela. Kufuze simthembe ngitjho nangemva kokufelwa kwethu. UZimu angasisekela ngamezwi nangezenzo zabanye abantu. UDoreen naye uthi: “Ngafunda ukungakghapheli isizo labantu eqadi, kangangokuthi isizo esalifumana lasitjhiya sibambe ongenzasi. Sinobabakwami azange besibuzane ngombana besazi kuhle bonyana uJehova nguye othi, ‘Ngihlanu kwakho ngizokusiza ebujamwenobu.’ Angekhe ngakulibala lokho.”
Kunjalo, uJehova uZimu, uMtlhogomeli ophuma phambili. Nguye owasidala, ubuzwisisa kuhle ubuhlungu bethu, begodu uzimisele nokusisiza abe asikhuthaze sikwazi ukudzimelela. Usithembisa nokuthi kungasikade uzokuvusa zoke iingidigidi zabafileko ezisemkhumbulwenakhe. (Jwanisi 5:28, 29; IsAmbulo 21:3, 4) Ngesikhatheso woke umuntu uzokutjho amezwi kampostoli uPowula nakathi: “Kufa kuphi ukuhlula kwakho na? Kufa, liphi iliva lakho na?”—1 Korinte 15:55.
^ isig. 2 Amabizo atjhugululiwe.
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Igama
Blood Lily or Paintbrush Plant
Igama lesi-Latin
Scadoxus puniceus
Ihlathululo
Umhlobo lo wethuthumbo muhle khulu. Likhula belibe mamilimitha amakhulu amahlanu wokuphakama, begodu linesiqu esirhanyazelako ngokuhlaza satjani namacatjhazana abomvu okuqarheke ngazotho kanye namakari aphephezelako nofana aliliza. Ubuhle balokha nakatlhurhako, obuvame ukubabanzi ngamamilimitha alikhulu namasumi amahlanu (150 mm), bunombala obomvu ovangene nozotho ukusuka kelinye ikari ukudlulela kelinye, begodu andungulele umbala ofana nelamune okumnyama ukuyela kobomvu. Avamise ukumila bekathele kuhle ukusuka ngenyanga kaSewula ukuyokufika kuSinyikhaba.
Indawo yalo yemvelo
Ithuthumbeli lingatholakala limila emithunzini yesikhotha kanye nahlangana namatje eendaweni ezisetlhagwini yeSewula Afrika, kanye neTlhagwini ukukhuphukela e-Tanzania.
Imbewu
Imbewu yamamomori abarhanyazelako ngokombala obomvu ithandwa khulu ziinyoni namakhodlwana.
Ibuthelelolwazi ngomangwalo
Ithuthumbeli begade lifakwe ngaphasi komkhakha wama-Haemanthus magnificus kodwana libuye lakhutjhwa muvanje emhlobeni lo ngokuthi linesiqu esinamakari.
Ihlokwana yethuthumbeli eyakekhe ngengelerhe imumethe itjhefu engaba yingozi nange idliwe ngobunengi kodwana asetjenziswa ngokuhlangana nemirabhayo ukulapha manye wamalwelwe ambalwa afaka hlangana, amakhaza, i-asthma, leprosy, kanye nekhambi lokulapha ubungozi betjhefu.
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Bathandekako Esikholwa Nabo:
Njengombana silotjha uJehova, siyalithanda iliZwi lakhe, iBhayibheli. Siyaqiniseka bona linomlando onembileko, lingasinqophisa ngokuthembeka epilweni, begodu kilo sithola nobufakazi bokuthi uJehova uyabathanda abantu. (IRhubo 119:105; Lukasi 1:3; 1 Jwanisi 4:19) Sikuthanda kwamambala ukusiza abanye bafunde iqiniso eliseliZwini lakaZimu. Ngikho-ke kulithabo kangaka ukunethulela incwadi le ethi, “Iimfundo Ongazithola EBhayibhelini.” Khesikuthi fahlafahla kancani ngayo.
Nakwenziwa incwadi le bekucatjangwa khulu ngabantwana, kodwana nabantu abadala bangayisebenzisa nabafuna ilwazi elinabileko ngeBhayibheli. Njengombana iBhayibheli liyincwadi yabo boke abantu, kuyatjho bona sizokuzuza ngokubuyekeza iimfundwezi zizosisiza sihlale sithabile.
Incwadi le ikhuluma ngeendaba zeBhayibheli kusukela emlandweni womsuka wendalo, kurage njalo. Kwenziwe imizamo yokubeka iindaba zeBhayibheli lezo ngendlela ezwakala lula, nangendlela ezilandelana ngayo.
Kodwana incwadi le yenza okungaphezu kokumane ilandise okwenzeka eBhayibhelini, ngombana amezwi kunye neenthombe ezikiyo zifakwe ngendlela yokuthi zenze indaba elandiswako leyo iphile, begodu zikwenza ucabange nangendlela izinto ebezingayo ngesikhatheso.
Incwadi le izosisiza sibone ukuthi iBhayibheli liyincwadi yabantu abamlalelako uJehova, nalabo abangazange bamlalele. Izosikhuthaza nokuthi sifunde eembonelweni zabo. (Roma 15:4; 1 Korinte 10:6) Incwadi le ihlukaniseke ngeengcenye ezili-14. Ekuthomeni kwengcenye ngayinye kuba nesingeniso esifitjhani seemfundo esingazithola.
Nawumbelethi, ungafunda nomntwanakho isifundo sinye bese nicoce nangesithombe esihlobana nesifundweso. Ngokulandelako nobabili ningafunda amavesi weBhayibheli akhambisana nendaba leyo. Msize-ke umntwanakho ahlanganise okuseBhayibhelini nenikufunde esifundweni leso encwadini. Indlela leyo ingaba lisizo nalokha nawusiza umuntu omdala bona athole umlayezo weBhayibheli.
Sithemba bona incwadi le izokusiza boke abaneenhliziyo ezilungileko—abancani nabadala—bafunde okuseliZwini lakaZimu bebakusebenzise nemaphilweni wabo abakufundileko, okuzakuthi nabo bakghone ukumlotjha njengamalunga womndeni wakhe awuthandako.
Abafowenu,
IsiHlopha esiBusako saboFakazi bakaJehova
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Ifihlo ecwengileko kaZimu, uKrestu (1-5)
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Tjhejani abadurhisi (6-15)
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Okungokwamambala nguKrestu (16-23)
Ungathanda ukusifunda ngelinye ilimi
2 Ngombana ngifuna nilemuke ukuthi ngikurakura khulu kangangani ngebanga lenu nangebanga lalabo abaseLawodikeya nangebanga labo boke abangakhenge khebangibone.* 2 Ukwenzela bona iinhliziyo zabo ziduduzeke nokuthi zibe yinyanda yinye ethandweni nokuthi zibe nabo boke ubunjinga obumphumela wesiqinisekiso esizeleko sokuzwisisa kwabo, ukuze bazuze ilwazi elinembileko lefihlo ecwengileko kaZimu, okutjho, uKrestu. 3 Kuye kufihlwe ngobuthakgha woke amagugu wokuhlakanipha nelwazi. 4 Ngitjho lokhu bona kungabi namuntu onikhohlisa ngamezwi wobuqili. 5 Ngitjho nanyana ngingasinani ngokomzimba, nginani ngommoya, ngithabela ukubona ukuziphatha ngokuhleleka nangokuqina kokukholwa kwenu kuKrestu. 6 Nje-ke, njengombana namukele uKrestu Jesu iKosi, ragelani phambili nikhamba ebunyeni naye, 7 nidzimelele, nakhelwe kuye, niqine ekukholweni, njengombana nafundiswa, begodu niphuphuma ngokuthokoza. 8 Tjhejani bona kungabi namuntu onithumba* ngefundiso yamala nangekohliso elilize ngokwesiko labantu, ngokwezinto ezisisekelo zephasi, ingasi ngokukaKrestu; 9 ngombana boke ubuntu bakaZimu obupheleleko buhlezi kuye. 10 Nje-ke nifumene ukuphelela ngaye, loyo oyihloko yabo boke aborhulumende nabalawuli. 11 Ngetjhebiswano lenu naye, nani nasokwa ingasi ngokusokwa okwenziwa ngezandla zabantu ngokususa umzimba wenyama kodwana ngokusoka okwenziwa nguKrestu. 12 Ngombana nibulungwe naye ekubhajadisweni kwakhe, nangetjhebiswano lenu naye nani navuswa noke ngokukholwa kwenu emsebenzini wamandla kaZimu, owamvusa kwabafileko. 13 Ukungezelela kilokho, nanyana benifile ezonweni zenu nebujamwenu bokungasokwa kwenyamenu, uZimu unenze naphila kunye naye. Ngomusa usilibalele soke izono zethu 14 wasula nencwadi ebeyitlolwe ngesandla ebeyinemithetho begodu iphikisana nathi. Uyisuse endleleni ngokuyibethela esigodweni sokuhlunguphazwa.* 15 Ngaso* uhlubulise aborhulumende nabalawuli, wakhangisa ngabo phambi kwabo boke abantu, wenza kwaziwe ukuthi ubahlulile begodu wabadosa njengeembotjhwa. 16 Nje-ke, ningavumeli nanyana ngubani anahlulele ngenikudlako nenikuselako namkha ngokugidinga umnyanya namkha ukuthwasa kwenyanga namkha isabatha. 17 Izintwezo zisithunzi sezinto ezisezako, kodwana okungokwamambala nguKrestu. 18 Akungabi namuntu othatjiswa kuthobeka kwamala nehlobo lokulotjha leengilozi onithathela umtlomelo. Abantu abanjalo bakatelela ezintweni abazibonileko begodu umkhumbulwabo wenyama ubenza bakhukhumale ngokuzikhakhazisa ngaphandle kwebanga, 19 kukulapho bangabambeleli ehlokweni, kiloyo okondliwa ngaye woke umzimba, begodu uhlanganiswe ngokuvumelana ngamalunga nemisipha, uragele phambili ukhula ngokukhula okunikelwa nguZimu. 20 Nangabe nafa noKrestu malungana nezinto ezisisekelo zephasi, kubayini niphila ngasuthi niseseyingcenye yephasi ngokuragela phambili nizithoba emiyalweni ethi: 21 “Ningabambi, namkha ninambithe, namkha nithinte”? 22 Imiyalo le iqaliselwe ezintweni ezitjhatjalaliswako ngemva kokusetjenziswa. Le miyalo efundiswa babantu. 23 Izintwezi zibonakala zihlakaniphile. Kodwana labo abazenzako bazikhethela indlela abafuna ukulotjha ngayo. Baphatha imizimbabo makghwakghwa ngombana bafuna abantu bathi bathobekile. Kodwana izintwezo azisizi ngalitho ekulweni neemfiso zenyama.
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UMandela ulotjhisa abamfisela okuhle ngaphandle kwe-Synagogue ePitori.
Abalweli bekululeko abanengi ukubalwa noNelson Mandela, egade eligcwetha ngeskhatheso basolwa ngumlandu wokuzama ukuketula umbuso ngeminyaka yabo 1950 yebandlululo. Abalweli bekululeko laba ekubalwa uMandela, Ruth First, Z.K Matthews kanye noLionel “Rusty” Bernstein batlama i-the Freedom Charter, eyayikhuluma ngamandla wabantu beSewula Africa. Urhulumende webandlululo wahlela ukuhlasela abalweli bekululekwaba, ekwadala bona kube ne-Treason Train yonyaka ka-1956 eyahlala iminyaka eyi-11. Ngonyaka ka-1961, boke abasolwa batjhatjhululwa.
UMandela nabanye abalweli bekululeko bebanabalandeli ebebeza ekhotho ngasosoke isikhathi lokha abasolwa bavela ekhotho. Esthombenesi sibona uMandela osesemncani ayokudlula ewomeni elivumako emlandwini wakhe ngonyaka ka-1958.
"Kungefundo bona indodakazi ye…ingaba ngudokgodere, indodana yomsebenzi wemayini ingabamphathi wemayini." ~ Nelson Mandela
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Igama
Iqina [Antidorcas marsupialis]
Ukuvela nokwakheka
Eziduna zinesilinganiso sobudisi obubalelwa emakhilogremuni amasumi amahlanu (50 kg), kuthi ezisikazi zona zibe nesilinganiso esimakhilogremu amasumi amathathu nekhomba (37 kg). Umbala womzimbayo odosa amehlo wenza bonyana zikhumbuleke nofana zibonakale lula. Amahlombazo abonakala aphasi kuneenyonga zemuva. Inombala othanda ukuba bomvana encenyeni esehla yomzimba, kuthi ngaphasi ibemhlophe, kanye nomuda wombala ozotho okumnyama obanzi otholakala emahlangothini, odwebeke ukusuka emlenzeni wangaphambili ukuya esithomeni somlenze wangemva. Inomsila omhlophe onamaboya amanengi nofana omaruthuruthu. Inyonga yemuva yakheke ngesakhiwo samahlangothi amathathu, amabili wakhona alinganako, inamabala amhlophe, azombelezwe mumuda ombala ozotho okunzima owande khulu ngehla kwenyonga yemva le. Iimpondo zalezo ezisikazi zimatsikana begodu zifitjhana kunalezo zeduna.
Ukudla
Zimhlobo weenyamazana ezikhetha khulu kilokho ezikudlako, ukudla kwazo kufaka hlangana ukudla komhlobo weenlwani zomndeni lo kesinye nesinye isikahti nakukhona. Zivamise ukukhamba zidobha ukudla ngesikhathi sesomiso begodu ziruthula notjani ngemva kwesikhathi sezulu nalokha nakutlhurhako. Zidla amathuthumbo afana nomhlobo we-Acacia, bezisele amanzi khulu, kodwana lokha kunganamanzi zivamise ukudla iimilo nemirabu ezimumethe amanzi amanengi ukwenzela ukufeza iindingo zamanzi.
Ukuzala nokukhulisa
Ukujarhana kwazo kuphela ngemva kwesikhathi esiyiveke nofana mbili, nanyana umhlobo lo ukghona ukuzala kesinye nesinye isikathi sonyaka. Zivamise ukuzala ilamjana linye ngemva kwesikhathi sekambiso yokumitha esiziimveke ezimasumi amabili nahlanu. Amalamjana avamise ukufihlwa emalangeni amabili wokuthoma azelwe. Ezinengi eziduna zivamise ukuzala unyaka nonyaka ezinye zazo zizala kabili ngonyaka. Zivamise ukuphuhlisa amalamjana ibele eenyangeni ezine zokuthoma, kuthi asikazi alungele ukujarhwa nakaneenyanga ezilikhomba.
Ukuziphatha
Ngeziduna kwaphela ezakha iinfunda ngokwenzela amathuba wokujarha. Eziduna zizwana nokuhlala zodwa ngesikhathi eemfundeni zazo. Ukwakhiwa komhlambi kulula khulu.
Indawo yokuhlala
Zihlala endaweni engakarisika nengafuniseleki lula. Iindawo ezande ngezakhamzimba ezibizwa ama-calcareous pans, emadamini omileko kanye netjanini obufitjhani bomhlobo we-savannah.
Lapho zitholakala khona
Inyamazana le imhlobo owande khulu emndenini yomhlobeni weempunzi ezisekabeni kanye netjhingalanga yeencenye zeSewula Afrika. Eminye imihlambi isakhululekile begodu isikghona ukutjhagala eendaweni zayo zeemvelo, kodwana inengi lazo libuthelelwe emaplasini kanye neencinwini. Zijayeleke khulu enarheni, eemfundeni kanye neenciwini zeembandana zangeqadi zeSewula Afrika.
Ibuthelelolwazi ngomangwazo
Iinyamazeni zikhe zatjhagala khulu eendaweni ezinganazulu seSewula ye-Afrika eminyakeni emakhulu weenkulungwana, nangesikhathi sokufika kwabahlali bokuthoma, kodwana imihlambazo yahlukaniswa nofana yoniwa begodu namhlanje zitholakala kwaphela eendaweni eziphephileko kanye nemaplasini. Isiqhema se-rugby yeSewula Afrika sibizwa ngayo inyamazana le (Springboks).
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Iinthombe Zitjho Okukhulu
Ukusaka eentradeni zemalokitjhini ukuya eendleleni zalapho amandla akhona, u-Peter Magubane uqede isiquntu sesentjhuri afodana nofana agadangisa umzabalazo wokulwisana nebandlululo kanye nezinye iinkinga umphakathi ohlangabezene nazo. Ngaleso isikhathi wakghona ukwazi ncono uNelson Mandela – kokuthoma lapho asesemncani khona njengomrholi wepolotiki ebegade enza ezibukwako inarha yoke, kanye nangokuba liqhawe lomzabalazo. Eminyakeni leyo kwakhiwa ubudlelwano obuqinileko phakathi kwabosopolotiki ababilaba – loyo okhuluma ngamezwi kanye nezenzo, naloyo okhuluma ngekhamera.
Ngemva kokutjhatjhululwa kwakaMandela ngoMhlolanja ngomnyaka we-1990, u-Magubane wakhethwa njengomthathinthombe wakhe osemthethweni ukwenzela ukugadangisa ukwamela entandweni yenengi kweminyaka emine yeSewula Afrika. Ukusuka ethubeneli, wakha amathuba amanengi weenthombe ngalokho okwenzakala endleleni yokuyamela etjhaphulukweni lepolotiki. Kuhlekuhle, uMagubane begade anobungeno bezinga eliphezulu emndenini kaMandela.
Ibizelo Eliphumelele khulu
UDorh. Peter Magubane ngomunye wabathanthiinthombe beSewula Afrika abahlonitjha ezingeni leentjhabatjhaba khulu. Wathoma ngebizelo lakhe elikhethekileko ngomnyaka ka-1954 ne-Drum magazine, eyamthatha yamfaka ekabeni yamajima wokulwisana nebandlululo. Ngemva kweminyaka yokusebenzela i-Drum Magazine, wakhombisa e-Europe begodu wafunda e-United States. Ekhabo ngomnyaka ka-1966, wahlanganyela nephephandaba i-Rand Daily Mail.
Ngesikhathi sokusuka ngoMgwengweni 1969 ukuya ku-1971 u-Peter waqeda amalanga ama-586 ejele yokuvalelwa uwedwa, begodu kwathi ngokukhamba kwesikhathi wajanyiswa njengomthathiinthombe iminyaka emihlanu. Ukusuka ngo-1980s u-Peter wasebenzela i-Time magazine. Kwathi ngomnyaka ka-1990 wakhethwa njengomthathiinthombe kaNelson Mandela osemthethweni ukwenzela bonyana afode ukwamela ekutjhaphulukeni ngokwepolotiki okutjha kweSewula Afrika.
U-Peter Magubane ufumene abonongorwana abambalwa bokuhlonitjhwa mayelana nokuzimisela kanye nomfakela omkhulu abe nawo emkhakheni wezeenthombe. Hlangana nabonongorwanaba: kune- Mother Jones-Leica Lifetime Achievement Award; Martin Luther King Luthuli Award; Fellowship from the Tom Hopkinson School of Journalism; kanye nama-Honorary Doctorates amane emayunivesithi weSewula Afrika ahlukahlukeneko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waba mumuntu onzima wokuthoma ukufumana unongorwana weenthombe – ngomnyaka ka-1958 wafumana unongorwana womnyaka obizwa i-Best Press pictures.
Namhlanje u-Peter Magubane uqalelele khulu ekuhlukahlukeni kwendabuko kanye nokwenziwa kwamasiko eSewula Afrika.
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To protect against mites, chemical control should only be applied after bud break and again 14 days later.
I-Bud Mite
I-bud mite yinunwanana encani efana nesibungu ebonakala ngaphasi kwemakhroskowubhu erhatjheka ngomoya, iinyoni, sirhatjhwa nangezinye iintjalo esele zitheleleke ngobulwelobu. Kunemihlobo emithathu yamalwelwe eyenzeka emasimini wamadireyibe efaka hlangana i-bud mite, ukugobeka kwamakari, kanye ne-erinose mite, i-bud mite ingabanga umonakalo omkhulu. Khulukhulu intjalweni zamadiribe i- Hanepoot kanye ne-Cabernet Sauvignon ezisaba khulu i-bud mite.
Amatjhwayo waso kubalwa ukukhula ngephetheni yomzikizedi/zig-zag, amadiriyibe angakakheki kuhle kanye nengodo zawo ezifitjhani nenhlumela ezingalinganiko. Amanye amatjhwayo waso angararaniswa nokutjhoda kwama-mineral, njeke ukuhlolwa ngemakhroskowubhu kungenziwa ukuze kubonwe bona akhona na ama-bud mites. Nangabe ubulwelwobu butheleleke khulu, iinhlumela ngeze zivuleke, nangabe zivulekile amakari nanyana amadiriyibe ongonakala.
Ukulawulwa kwekhemikhali ukukhandela isivuno sonyaka olandelako kufanele sifakwe ngemva kokobana iinhlumela zivulekile, lokha iinlwanyana sele sifudukele ekukhuleni okutjha. Msinya ngemva kokuvuleka kwenhlumela, lokha ama-SHOOTS anobude obuyi-10 to 15 cm, waspreye kuhle ngesitjhabalalisi esitlolisiweko. Kufanele kuphinde kusprayiwe godu ngemva kwamalanga ayi-14.
I-Erinose Mite
I-Erinose mite, ngenye yemihlobo efana neye- bud mite, edla amakari wamadribe. Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvuka nanyana itjhatjhazi ngaphasi kwekari ledribe. Njeke ikari lingasakwazi ukusebenza kuhle. Ukusebenzisa isibulali senkowani esine-sulphur ukulwa ne-oidium ngungakgelebha ekulawulani ama-erinose mite.
Translated By Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana
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Igama Lomndenazo Elijayelekileko
Klipfish
Igama Lesayensi
Clinidae
Ubukhulu
Ingakhula beyibe masenthimitha amatjhumi asithandathu, ubuncani bazo ziba masenthimitha alitjhumi nahlanu.
Ikambiso Yokufanisa
Inomzimba omude nobanzi irhunyela ukuyela esiphethweni sawo. Isitho ethaya ngaso sangemhlana side ngokulingana nobude bomzimbayo. Kuthi leso esisesifubeni siluleke, begodu nayiphumulako ihlala ngaso. Sangaphasi sona siluleka ukusuka kesesifubeni ukuyela emsileni. Inomsila orondo. Inombala obovana okuvangeke ngo-olive okuhlaza satjani kanye nokuhleleka esikhumbeni sayo. Inombala okhanyako encenyeni ephasi yomzimba.
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Umndeni wama-Clinidae wakhiwe mikhakhawo ematjhumi amabili kanye nemihlobo ematjhumi alikhomba nantathu. Zine zitho ezakheke njengeendevu eencenyeni ezihlukahlukeneko zehloko. Amaphetjhana akha isikhumba sazo akabonakali. Zitholakala khulu eendaweni ezinothe ngeemilo zangemanzini. Zimhlobo onamahloni khulu. Amaqandazo ziwabekelela hlangana nazo iimilwezi kuthi eziduna kube ngizo eziwatjhejako ukufikela lapho aqoqosela khona.
Ukudla Kwazo
Ziphila ngokudla khulu ama-molluscs kanye neenlwanyana ezincani zangemanzini ezifana nama-crustaceans.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Zitholakala kiyo yoke imihlobo yamalwandle wobujamo obufuthumeleko umhlaba zombelele.
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Ekusukeni ekubeni lijele ukuya ekubeni sibhedlela
I-Robben Island kwakuyindawo ehle yokuthumela abantu abahlanyako,abangakaphili kuhle nabanokugula okungapholiko,egade bangenza abantu beSewula Africa bona bagandeleleke ngokomkhumbulo.
Ukubeka abantu abanganatjhudwaba e-Island le, kude namehlo nonembeza westjhaba kwakubonakala anga kungararulula umraro loyo, kusukela ngonyaka ka-1846 kuya kewa-1931, iRobben island gade isetjenziswa njengetanka yokuhlukanisa abantu abangafunekiko.
Phakathi kweminyaka yabo-1800 kwathoma ubulwelwe be-silephero, abantu agade banobulwelwe besilephero egade inengi babo kubabantu abanzima, abatlhagako. Kokuthoma, gade babongazimbi bamalwelwe amambi (ngeskhatheso ipengu yaso gade ingaziwa) kwesibili gade babongazimbi bomphakathi onganatjhejo begodu ongaqoleli ogade ungabafuni, uthi bayingozi begodu ubabona njengabantu abayingozi. Nanamhlanjesi, isilephero isaziwa njengobulwelwe obuyi-virus nebuthelelanako obenza imino yakho iwe, begodu iskhumba sakho sibole. Kodwana akusisinjalo.
E-Robben island egade banelungelo lokugada, gade batlhogomela abantu abanesilepherwabo ngendlela ebegade bakghona ngayo. Ekungezeleleni ekubapheni amapilisi wokukhambisa indeni anamandla nangatlhogekiko, bekuqatjangwa bona amanzi welwandle gade akghelebha abantu abanobulwelwobu, begodu gade babenzele idamu ngale kwe-island lapho gade bahlambela khona. Iinsalela zamanzi wedamelo, elibizwa i-Baths of Bethesda, zisesekhona nanamhlanjesi begodu zisajamile, amanzi anzima. Abantu abanesilephero beKapa gade bahlukaniswe nemindeni yabo kanye nabangani egade banabo balahlwe e-island.
Ubujamo bepilo esihlengeleni se-Robben Island
Ubujamo behlalo behlalo e-island bebubumbi khulu. Ukulethwa kwamanzi gade kubudisi, ubujamo bezulu bebungangaqoleli, umzwangedwa gade ungajameleki, nobulwelwe obufana ne-dysentry gade bandile.
Ngeminyaka yabo -1850, kwenzeka umhlolo owathoma ngobujamo besihlengelenesi abaphathi bayo bakateleleka bona baqothe umphathi wayo Ngonyaka ka-1860 umphathi omutjha walinga ukuyitlama ngabutjha ukulatjhwa kwangrhaphi kwajamiselela amaketani nokubethwa ngehlelo le-occupational therapy nokugadwa babantu. Iindawo zayo gade solo zisebujameni obungakalungi, kodwana ubujamo bembotjhwa gade bungakafaneli inani lokwakhiwa kwemakhiwo emitjha. Ukulungiswa kwejeleli okukhulu kwenziwa ngonyaka ka-1890.
Kwathi ngonyaka ka-1931, ihlangano ye-League of Nations Health Organisation yamemezela bona ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu abanesilephero akusatlhogeki begodu kufanele kwenziwe umthetho omutjha wokubahlukanisa ovumela amalwelwe athethelanako, nangathathelaniko. Ukubhaqiswa kwabantu abanesilephero e-Robben Island kwavalwa ngonyaka loyo. Iingulani ezasalako zathunyelwa esibhedlela se-Westfort, eduze kwePitori.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe
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UNelson Mandela uqoqa nomlweli kululeko u-Ruth First, umka Joe Slovo, ebekungamabhalane we-Communist Party yeSewula Africa.
URuth first bekulweli wekululeko obalulekileko, begodu amtloli, bekangomunye wabatlami beSouth African Congress Democrats (COD). Begade amtloli we-the Guardian, fighting talk and the new Age, abhala ngokungaphathwa kuhle kwabantu abanzima ngurhulumende webandlululo ngeminyaka yabo-1960 kokuthoma bekahlaliswa yedwa ehlukaniswa nezinye iimbomtjhwa amalanga-117, waya ekudingisweni e-England. Wabulawa ngokobana athunyelwe incwadi enesthuthumbisi eMaputo, eMozambique. U First waye Tjhade nomunye ebekalwela ikululeko uJoe Slovo begodu bebanabentwana ababili.
UNelson Mandela bekamgani noRuth begodu bebanande bakhuluma ngendaba zepolotiki nejima lokukhululwa kwabantu. Basolwa bobabili ngokulinga ukuketula umbuso ngonyaka ka-1955 bakhitjhwa acquitted ngonyaka -1961. Isthombesi simtjengisa akhuluma no- First emlandwini wabo wokulinga ukuketula umbuso.
“Nathi sizokufa kodwana lokhu esikunikela ngokuhlanganyela emvelaphini yamasiko wenararha kuzohlala unomphela.” ~ Nelson Mandela
Umvumi we-pop weSewula Africa uBrenda Fassie othintekileko emoyeni, usingatha uMandela....more
UNelson Mandela wabuyela emzinakhe eOrlando eSoweto ngemva kokobana bamkhiphe ngentrogweni ngonyaka ka-1990. UMandela wakhulela e-no- 8115 Vilakazi Street esele iphendulwe i-museum....more
UMandela bekathandwa balandeli bakhe, begodu iliphawu lekululeko labo boke abantu. Udlala abonwa njengoZimu eSewula Africa, bekabonwa njengesika yamandla, neyethemba...more
Ngonyaka ka-1991, uNelson Mandela wathola unongorwana wokumhlonipha eJwanibhege e-Univesithi ye-Witwatersrand ngokuzinikela kwakhe enarheni le, nokuba mdosiphambili oyikakaramba okhe wabonwa eSewula Africa....more
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Igama
IRabi [Bitis arietans]
Isigaba
Reptilia
Irhemo/ umhlobo
Squamata
Umndenazo
Viperidae
Imihlobo yakwabo
Amarabi ajayelekileko Common Puff Adder [B. a arietans], kanye namaRabi abizwa Somali Puff Adder [B. a. somalica]
Ubude besikazi
1 100 mm
Ubude beduna
1 090 mm
Ihlathululo
Le yinyoka eqinileko begodu ikulu, inehloko epataleleko, eyakheke ngesakhiwo esinamahlangothi amathathu kuthi mabli wokhona alingane, inepumulo ekulu eyakheke kwanga iqale phezulu. Umzimbayo unombala osarulana okuvangeke ngozotho ukuyela kokhanyako, kanye namaqetjhana wesikhumba anencenye yesiphetho esinzima, kuthi ngemhlana ibe namabala abonakala amthuthu kanye nemsileni.
Ukwabeka nokusabalala kwazo
Zitholakala kizo zoke iinarhakazi, etlhagwini ye-Afrika yoke ukuyela eSewula ye-Arabia.
Blyde River Canyon
Zivamise ukuqoqosela amadzinyana angabalelwa kamasumi amabili ukuya kamasumi amane ekupheleni kwehlobo.
Itjhefu (yeenyoka)
Cytotoxic.
Ukudla/ idayethi
Iphila ngokudla amakhondlwana, kesinye isikhathi idla iinyoni nezinye iinyoka.
Ibuthelelolwazi ngomangwazo
Inyoka le yaziwa khulu ngokuluma nangezehlakalo zokulunywa yinyoka ukudlula pheze zoke iinyoka ze-Afrika, lokhu kungombana ayibaleki nayizwa amagadango womuntu okhambela ngakiyo, kunalokho ivele ivuthele umoya njenge ndlela yokuyelelisa, kungakho iphiwe igameli eli-Puff Adder (iRabi)
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Igama Lomndenazo Elijayelekileko
Barracuda
Elinye Igama Ebizwa Ngalo
Alikho
Igama Lesayensi
Sphyraenidae
Ubukhulu
Ingakhula beyibe yimitha yinye nobunane (1.8 m)
Ikambiso Yokufaniswa
Unomzimba omude, opatalele kancani emahlangothini kanye namalungu womzimba ethaya ngawo weemhlana ahlukene ngokubanzi. Incenye yomhlathi engaphasi yide ukudlula yangehla. Inehloko enqophe phambili kanye nomlomo omkhulu. Inamazinyo amade nabukhali. Umbalayo uvamise ukuba ngomlotha encenyeni ephezulu yomzimba kanye nosiliva encenyeni ephasi. Kesinye isikhathi ingabonakala inombala wemida nofana amacatjhazana angakajayeleki.
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Umndeni we-Sphyraenidae wakhiwe ngomkhakha munye ophasi komndeni kanye nemiihlobo elitjhumi nobunane. Zingatholakala ukufikele lapho ilwandle litjhingela khona ngamamitha alikhulu. Zimhlobo ophila elwandle elivulekileko. Zimhlobo obulala khulu ngokuthathela ubujamo amandla.
Ezincani zivame ukuphila ngomhlambi, ezidala ziphila ngayinye. Zizuma ngokukhamba ngebelo elingaba makhilomitha amatjhumi amane nahlanu nge-awara (45 km/h). Mhlobo wefesi ethumba khulu abonongorwana kezemidlalo. Zimhlobo obekelelela amaqanda ngaphakathi kwamanzi womhlobo welwandle elivulekileko (Pelagic spawners).
Ukudla Kwazo
Iphila ngokudla ezinye iimfesi, kanye nangenlwani ezizumako nezibuleweko.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Zitholakala kiwo woke amalwandle womhlaba anobujamo obupholileko kanye nalapho kuthumeleko.
Imihlobazo Ejalekileko
Great barracuda - Sphyraena barracuda
Sawtooth barracuda - Sphyraena putnamiae
Yellowtail barracuda - Sphyraena flavicuada
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Ukutjalwa kwe-parsley itjalwa ngembewu kwaphela.
Ukutjalwa kwembewu ye-parsley kwenziwa ngembewu kusetjenziswa isandla kanye nemitjhini. Tjala ehlabathini imbewu eziyi-50 ereyini eliyimitha ukuqiniseka kobana zimila kuhle. Ungayikhipha lada uyitjale ngendlela oyifuna ngayo.
Lintjalo kufanele zenzelwe iinkhundla eziyi-10 cm emareyini ahlukene nge-20 cm ukuya ku-30 cm. Lokhu kungaba yi-300 000 ukuya ku-450 000 wentjalo ze-parsley ehekutheni. Amareyi kufanele atjhiywe ukwenzela kobana iintrege kanye nemitjhini yokuspreya neyokuvuna irhone ukudlula.
Tjala imbewu ye-parsley ekuthomeni kwetwasahlobo ukwenzela kobana ingabanjwa mbethe wokugcina. Nanyana i-parsley ingasabi umbethe kungcono ukobana ingabanjwa ngiwo lokha nayisathoma ukumila. Esewula Africa lokhu kungenziwa ngoRhoboyi. Endaweni ezinobusika obungasimakhaza khulu, lada ehlobo nanyana ekuthomeni kwesiruthwana ingatjalwa entjalweni ekuthomeni kwetwasahlobo nanyana ebusika.
Yenza imbewu ye-parsley kuma-greenhouse ngoMgwengweni ukuya kuVelabahlinze. Lokhu kuzokwenza bona uthole amalanga ambalwa wokukhiqiza. Tjala amaplantjisi phasi ehlabathini lokha nasele amade nge-15 cm. Lokhu kungenziwa godu phakathi kwakaRhoboyi.
Kusukela ngeskhathi imbewu itjalwa ukufika lokha nayivunwa kokuthoma kungenziwa iimveke eziyi-12. Ngemva kwalokho i-parsley ingavunwa kathathu ukuya kane. Sika i-parsley ku-15 cm ngaphezu kwehlabathi ukuyivumela kobana ithole isiqu esaneleko utjhiye godu amakari amabili ukuya kwamathathu ukobana imile godu. Ungayivuna godu ngemva kwemveke ezihlanu ihlobo loke.
Vundisa ngokuya ngokuhlolwa okwenziwe ehlabathini ngaphambi kokobana utjale. Sebenzisa i-200 kg ye-3:1:5 ngaphambi kokobana uyitjale ehlabathini engaphezulu eyi-10 cm. Faka inani elifanako Le-3:1:5 godu, lifake ehlangothini emareyini we-parsley lokha iintjalo zayo nasele ziyi-20 cm ngobude, inanely lizokwanela kuze kufike iskhathi lapha uyivuna kokuthoma. Faka inani elifanako le-3:1:5 ngemva kokobana uyivune iinkhathi ezilandelanako.
I-Parsley inemirabhu engatjhingeliko njeke iyazwela lokha nayigandeleleke ngokomkhumbulo okubangwa bubuswe. Njeke kuqakathekile kobama ihlabathakho uyitlhogomele ngokuya ngokwesiluleko osiphiwe ngomhlobo wehlabathi onayo. Faka imitjhini efunda ubuswe ukobana ihlale ihlola izinga layo. Ukugandeleleka ngokomkhumbulo kuzokwenza bona ikhule kabuthaka begodu ikhiqize iintjalo ezimbala ezingavunwa.
I-Parsely ingathelelelwa ngokusebenzisa i-sprinkler nanyana i-drip. i-Drip nanyana kunjalo yihle ngebanga lokobana amakari ayoma begodu i-sprinkler singona iintjalo ezithambileko. Lintjalo ezimanzi zingabanga kobana kuvele iinkowani. Ukuya ngokobana ubujamo bezulu bunjani kanye namazinga womtjhiso i-parsley itlhoga ukuthelelelwa ngamanzi ayi-about 35 ukuya ku- 40 mm ngeveke. Ehlabathini eyisanda kungatlhogeka kobana uthelelele qobe ngemva kwamalanga amabili. I-Mulching uyeleliswa kobana wenze yona ngebanga lokobana yenza bona amanzi angapheli msinya eentjalweni. Lokhu kuzokulawula ukumila kwekhula. Iplayistiki kanye ne-mulching eyenziwa ngaphandle kokuebenzisa amakhemikhali kungasetjenziswa.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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Ibizo lengwemabala i-cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) livela ebizweni lesi-Hindi ekuthiwa yi-“Chita”, elitjho kobana “enamatjhatjhazi” ngebanga lokobana inamabala anzima emaboyeni abombala osarhawuda. Zinenhloko ezincani namehlo amabili amakhulu kanye nendlebe ezifitjhani ezirondo ezinzima ezinamampete amhlophe.
Inelayini elinzima elifana nebharasi, elisuka ewugwini eliphakathi lelihlo liye kwelinye ihugu lomlomo begodu lirhona ukudosa nanyana iqalisise lokha nayizuma emini. Imisila yazo mide inzima, inamabala amaringi anzima nakaya epenteni yomsila.
Imizimba yawo edweni eqinileko yenza bona zirhone ukugijima i-120 km/hr okwenza bona zibe zinlwane ezinebelo khulu ephasini. Ezisikazi zincani unalezo eziduna iinlwane ezidala ziyi-1.8 m ukuya ku-2.2 m ubude begodu zinobudisi obuyi-40 kg ukuya ku-60 kg. Ngokuya ngokwe-Tenikwa Website, ingwemabala ayibalwa njengokatsu kungasi ngebanga lokobana ayibhodli lokha nayijabulileko. Ngenye yabokatsu abambalwa abanganawo amazipho avulekileko, njeke amazipho wawo ayabonakala eemporweni. Ingwemabala iyakwazi ukududa, nanyana zingakuthandi nje, ayirhoni ukugibela kuhle phezulu, nanyana zisebenzisa imithi enga ilengile nanyana amagatja alengileko ukuphumula nanyana ukuhlola izinto.
Eziduna azihlala endaweni yinye begodu zikhamba zihlala eendaweni ezinezingwe mabala ezisikazi. Ngaphandle kwamabhubezi, ngizozodwa iinlwane ezibokatsu ezitlama iinqhema, ezivamise ukuba nezingwe mabala ezisikazi eziba nabentwana abathathu. Ezisikazi, zihlangana nezinye ezidala ngeskhathi sokuya emsemeni, ekungaba kunini enyakeni. Zizithwala amalanga ayi-92, begodu zibelethe abentwana abane. Abentwanabo babelethwa banoboya obuloso obugijima emgogodlheni bufike emahlalweni, oburhelebha ukubavala, begodu babafihla etjanini obude nanyana ngaphasi kwemithi emifitjhani.
Ngokuya ngokuka-Tenikwa, 90% yebentwana bezingwemabala bafa ngaphambi kokobana babe nenyanga ezintathu ubudala, encenye yabo ibulawa zinlwane ezizumako. Enye i-40% ibulawa kukubabuthaka kanye namasotja womzimba abuthaka. Izingwemabala zaziwa njengelwane zomango ezingasiyingozi lokha nazithwasisiweko begodu sele zisetjenziswe njengabakhambisani lokha nakuzunywako iminyaka eyi-5000. Ngebhadi azibelethi kuhle nazivalelweko.
Iphetheni Yokubulala Nokudla
Izingwemabala zizuma emini, ekuvamise kube sekuseni khulu nanyana ngemva kwamadina. Zithanda ukuhlala etjanini obuvulekileko, emahlathini avulekileko kwesinye iskhathi entabeni, ngebanga lokobana zivamise ukulandelela iinlwane ezifuna ukuzihlasela iskhatjhana ngaphambi kokobana sisigijimise.
Ngemva kokuzibamba, nange sisikhulu siyarhanywa silunywe entanyeni lokha esincani sibulawa ngokulunywa msinya ehloko. Zidla msinya ngemva kokubulala islwane, ngebanga lokobana azirhoni ukulwa nezinye iinlwane zibangisane ukudla ezikuzingeleko. Imbambo zidliwa ekugcineni kanye neskhumba amathambo kanye nemisila akudliwa. Ingwemabala ayibuyi izokubulala godu.
Ukutlhogonyelwa
Izingwe mabala zinlwane ezivikelweko, njeke akukafaneli bona zibulawe. Hlangana kweziyi-100 000 ezigelagela e-Africa encenyeni ze-Middle East kanye ne-Central Asia eminyekeni ye-twentieth century, gade kuneziyi-7 500 ezisaseleko emangweni kanye nalezo eziyi-1 000 ekusafanelwe zitholwe eSewula Africa.
Ukulungisa umraro wenlwane ezizumako lo, i-Predation Management Manual, ibeke umbono wokobana Abafuyi bakhe iimbaya ngamagatja babeke imbuzi ephilako esbayeni njengebheyithi. Isithiyo esenziwe ngekheji kutlhogeka kobana sibekwe ebungeneni besbaya ukubamba ingwemabala. Be-Nature conversation kufanele bathintwe kuze bafuduse ingwemabala lokha nabayibonileko. Nakungasinjalo, ingafakwa isidakwamizwa bese iyafuduswa.
Ifensi yabojakalasi, i-mesh fence ingaba yi-1.2 m phezulu ibe nembobo eyi-74 mm nanyana ifensi yegezi, ama-deterrent enza itjhada, umkhanyo, nokuvalelwa kwefuyo embayeni, ukusebenzisa abelusi kobana bakugadele ifuywakho kungarhelebha ukukhandela bona iinlwane zomango zikonele.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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Uburhole emfarigini mraro omkhulu. Ubuhlungu obuhlobene noburhole bazo bungenza bona kube budisi kobana zikhambe ziyokudla kanye nalapha zisela khona, okungenza bona kube nomthelela omumbi ezingenilazo lokukhula, iimpilo zazo bezibange bona zigandeleleke ngokomkhumbulo okwenza bona zibanjwe malwelwe.
Uburhole bunomthelela omumbi ekukhiqizeni kwazo begodu sele kutholwe bona ngonobangela wesibili omkhulu, ngemva kokukhiqiza kwazo, owenza kobana iimfarigi ezisikazi zibulawe msinya.
Ukuthola Umraro
Ihlangano ye- South African Pork Producers’ Organisation 'SAPPO' production manual, Pigs for Profit, ikhombe ukuhluza, kanye nokukhamba kabuhlungu, lokha ifarigi ibambe inyawo linye lisalela phasi, kanye nalokha iimfarigi zala ukuvuka phasi nanyana nazidosa iinyawo zazo zangemuva kanye namajoyini avuvukileko nanyana nayifuthumeleko lokha nawuyithintako njengamatjhwayo amakhulu atjengisa bona kukhona umraro. Ukubona inyawo, kanye nomgogodlha onomraro, abalimi kufanele bagcugcuzele ifarigi nkobana isikime bese baqala bona ikhamba njani. Batjheje khulu lezo ezilele phasi mantanzi.
Inyawo lefarigi kufanele litjhejwe esikhathini esinengi ukuhlola bona alinamiraro na. Iimfarigi zinenyawo ezincani kanye nemizimba emikhulu, njeke inyawo zazo zibabuhlungu lula nanyana zilimale msinya, khulukhulu lokha nazimithi nakufanele zithwale umthwalo obudisi kunemhleni. Irhubhululo sele lithole bona ubunengi bemfarigi ezisikazi zibanjwa zinlonda eenyaweni, njeke kufanele zilatjhwe msinya kuqakathekile ukukhandela imiraro emikhulu.
Indatjana ebhale ngemfarigi ebizwa i-Lameness in Pigs iphakamise bona abafuyi baphe iimfarigi ezisikazi i-score esisuka ku-0 -3, okuzokuya ngokobana zikhamba lula kangangani eflurini ehlwengekileko eyomileko, kanye neleveli. Lokha i-score sayo siyiliqanda zikubiza bona burhole lokha nasisinye kutjho bona irholophale kancani, ngamanye amezwi, ezizikhambela kuhle, kodwana nawuziqalileko inga zisteyifu.
Lokhai-score sihlangana kwe-2 kuzokuthiwa uburhole bayo buhlangana nendawo. Kulokha ihluza, kodwana izarhona ukuguga ubudisi bayo ngenyaweni elilimeleko. U-3 kufanele asetjenziswe eemfarigini ezisikazi ezilimale khulu, ezingarhoni ukuphakamisa ubudisi bazo enyaweni elilimeleko begodu ezitlhoga ukugcugcuzelwa kobana zisikime.
Unobangela
Nanyana uburhole bungabangelwa kukobana ibelethwe injalo nanyana ikhula ngokungakajwayeleki, kwesinye isikhathi buhlotjaniswa nobuhlungu obuhlobene nokulimala nanyana amanye amalwelwe. Ngokuya ngendatjana etlolwe ngemfarigi le, abodorhodere benlwane baphakamisa bona abafuyi babeke itreyi elizele i-lime eyomileko emtjhinini wegezi lapha iimfarigi zidla khona ukwenzela bona iimfarigi zirhone ukujama kiyo lokha nazidlako. Lokha i-lime nayomako isusa ubulwelwe enyaweni lefarigi ngesinye nesinye isikhathi infarigi engana lapha zidla khona, ekungarhelebha ukukhandela uburhole obubangelwa kumilwa zinlonda eenyaweni.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana
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Ngemva kokobana isikhathi sebandlululo sele siphelisiwe, sele kuthome ikhomitjhini yokubuyelana neyeqiniso/-Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) ngonyaka ka-1996, uWinnie Mandela wabizwa ngebanga lokuzibandakanya kwakhe ekubetheni kanye nekubulaweni ekhabe kwenziwa yitlabha yebholo i-Mandela United Football Club (MUFC), eyatlanywa beyadoswa phambili nguye.
Ngemva kokobana ubhitjhobhu u-Desmond Tutu ambawile, uWinnie wabawa ixolo emndenini ka-Stompie Seipei kanye no-Abu Baker Asvat, yomibili eyaba bongazimbi be-MUFC. Ngemva kokobana aragele phambili ngekhampeyini yakhe yezinto azijameleko. Waya enarheni yeZimbabwe ngonyaka ka-200 ukuyokusekela iinkutana zepi zeZimbabwe ekhabe zizithathela amaplasi wabalimi bamakhuwa.
Wasekela nesibawo sokobana kutholwe amapilisi agogobalisa umulwane wabantu abaphila nobulwelwe ne-HIV ama-antiretrovirals (ARVs). Ngonyaka ka-2007, wakhethwa kobana abeku-ANC’s National Executive Committee begodu ngonyaka ka-2009 wabekwa esigabeni sesihlanu elistini yamalunga we-ANC wepalamende.
UWinnie Mandela ngokukhulu ukutlhuwa wahlongakala ngezi-2 Zakasihlabantangana ngonyaka ka-2018, lokha aneminyaka eyi-81 ubudala, ngemva kokobana agule iskhathi eside. Khabe azonjelezwe mndenakhe kanye nabantu abathandako lokha nakahlongakalako.
Ukhunjulwa ngendima yakhe ekulu ayidlalako ekutheni sithole iSewula Africa etjhaphulukileko sisuka ekugandelelweni ngurhulumende webandlululo. Ungumma oqinileko, uhlangana nalabo abagidingwako emlandoni weSewula Africa.
uWinnie Mandela waziwa ngendima ekulu ayidlalako ekutjhatjhululweni kwabantu beSewula Africa ekugandelelweni ngokwebala. Ungomunye wabantu abalwela itjhaphuluko eSewula Africa iminyaka eminengi esele kurholele kobana kubanjwe ama-gala dinner kanye neminyanya eminengi yokumhloniphja.
Hlangana kwabanongorwana abatholako kubalwa i: Unongorwana we-Freedom of the City of Aberdeen (1984) Unongorwana we-United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights (1988) kanye nonongorwana we-The Order of Luthuli in Silver (2016) Ngemva kokobana ahlongakale ngonyaka ka-2018, uWinnie Mandela wabekwa ngurhulumende e-Orlando Stadium eJwanisbhege.
Umgcwabakhe wakhanyelwa makhulukhulu wabantu, abasemazingeni aphezulu, hlangana nabo ekukhona amalunga wepolotiki, umlando wakhe wathulwa nguMongameli uCyril Ramaphosa.Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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Soloko ngathoma ikhas’ leli, angikhumbuli ngitlola ukuthi ngingungqondongqondo begodu ngazi isiNdebele ukudlula woke umuntu.
Iqiniso kukuthi kusifiso sami ukufunda isikhethu esicwengileko nokusithuthukisa!
Ngithokoza khulu kini noke enithatha isikhathi sokuthi nifunde imitlolo yami begodu nabelane nami imizwa yenu. Maye nibaluleke khulu kimi begodu nenarheni yoke!
Eemvekeni ezizakwezi ngizokwabelana nani iinkondlo zesiNdebele kanye namanye amalimu wabantu abanzima!
Ngyabawa, imibono yenu yamukelekile, asifundisane mngani.
Inarha ay’lale.
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Ukutjhada nomunye wabantu odume ngokungathandi ibandlululo gade kungasilula. Indoda ka-Winnie Mandela, uNelson khabe ahlale abambeke eendaben zehlangano ye-ANC, eempini zomthetho, begodu umzabo gade uhlala ungenelwa mapholisa. UWinnie naye gade azibandakanye khulu endabeni zepolotiki, nalokha azithweleko.
Ngonyaka ka-1958 khabe abandakanyeka emitjhagalweni wokungafuni ukuphatha amapasa owaduma khulu ngo-Rhoboyi ka-1956 okwakumtjhagalo wabafazi batjhagalela imithetho leyo. Khabe ahlangana kwabomma abayi-1000 ababotjhwako.
Yena nabanye bathatha isiqunto sokobana bahlale ejele iimveke ezimbili kunokobana ba aplayele ibheyili. Kulapha kwatlhogakala bona ajamelane nobujamo obumbi bamajele weSewula Afrca.
Ngemva kwalokho watjhatjhululwa amapholisa kanye nomphakathi bamazi njengomma oqinileko nozijameleko nangaphandle kwendodakhe. Kungasikade ngemva kwalokho walahlekelwa msebenzakhe esbhedlela seBaragwana. Ngonyaka ka-1959 indodakazi yakhe noMandela uZenani wabelethwa ukulandela lapho.
UWinnie Mandela khabe athola ukugcugcuzeleka kanye nesekelo kwabanye abomma ekhabe balwisana nomtlhago wakarhulumende webandlululo. Hlangana kwabanye abafazaba kubalwa hlangana u-Lillian Ngoyi, Helen Joseph, Albertina Sisulu, Florence Matomela, Frances Baard, Kate Molale, Ruth First, Ngoyi, Mompati kanye no-Hilda Bernstein. Abafazaba baphenduka abakhozi bakaWinnie abathembako, nekuyinto ekhabe ingakavami ukwenzeka ngeskhatheso.
Eskhathini esinengi abantu ekhabe baba bakhozi babantu ekhabe bazibandakanye eendabeni zepolotiki njengoWinnie khabe lada kutholwa bona bazimpimpi zikarhulumende. Kwakubudisi kuye ukobana athembe nanyana ngubani. Kwathoma imiraro hlangana kwakaWinnie nomndenakhe ekhaya eTranskei ngemva kokobana kwathulwa i-Bantu Authorities Act ngonyaka ka-1951. Ikosi u-Kaizer Matanzima, okhabe aqatjhe ubabakhe, wathatha ihlangothi lakarhulumende wasekela umthetho loyo.
Isiqunto kwaku kukokobana iwoma leKosi yamaPondo akhabe libizwa bona yiPondo, lingenele umuzi wekhabo Winnie liwuhlasele ngelinye langa ebusuku, lapha labetha umma kaWinnie bebatjhisa nendlu yotjani yakwabo. Ihlaselo le yarholela ekutheni umma loyo arholophale ukusuka edinini ukuya phasi komma okhabe sele adlale indima yokuba ngumma kaWinnie ngemva kokobana ummakhe wamambala ahlongakala. Naye umma loyo wahlongakala msinya ngemva kwalokho.
Nanyana kunjalo ubaba kaWinnie waragela phambili ngokusekela ikosi uMatanzima ananeskhundla kurhulumende e-Transkei. UWinnie wabona lokho, kungakalungi ngombana wabona uyise athatha ihlangothi likarhulumende wegandelelo, ukungaboni ngelihlo linyeli kwahlukanisa umndeni phakathi.Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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Description
Ubugebengu, ukungathembeki ikohlakalo nomona yinto esele abantu baphila ngayo amalanga la, abasibangaki abantu abafuna ukusebenza, abantu abanengi bafuna ukuphila ngezinto zabantu/izinto zokwetjiwa, ukudlula lapho babe nomona ngazo. Abanye bathoma ngokwenza kuhle epilweni, kodwana izinto zabo zingakhambi kuhle ekugcineni ngebanga lesimo nomkhumbulo obuthakathaka njengombana kwenzeka komunye wabadlali enovelini le. Njengombana kuhlala kutjhiwo bonyana ungamuthembi umuntu kuncono uthembe ilitje, enovelini le kuvela iinhlobo/amalunga womndeni ebela ubaba uMgidi iinkomo zakhe. Iinkomezi zetjiwa malunga womndeni ebekacabanga bonyana ubugebengu buzobaphumelelisa, kodwana ngetjhudu elimbi akusikho koke okucabangako okwenzeka ngendlela ocabanga ngayo. Sifanele sikhumbule bonyana koke esikuthole ephasinapha sizokutjhiya lapha.
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Ngelanga langezi-16 zakaNobayeni, kokuthoma iSewula Africa yagidinga ilanga lokuqolelana lapha amabhuru kanye nebamasiko womtlhago kwavunyelwana ngokwephawu kobana kube yincenye yeSewula Africa enesitjhaba esilinganako. Ilanga langezi-16 zakaNobayeni liqakathekile ngebanga lokobana kwenzeka izinto ezimbili ezikulu ngesikhathi sebendlululo.
Ngonyaka ka-1838, ama-Voortrekkers gade enza amalungiselelo wawo wokulwa namaZulu epini ye-Blood River. Ngezi-16 zakaNobayeni bathatha isifungo phambi kuka Zimu, kobana bazokuhlula amaZulu, ngokobana bazokwakha ikerege, kuthi imindeni yabo ihloniphe ilangeli njengelanga lokuthokoza. Ngeminyaka yebandlululo, ilanga lezi-16 zakaNobayeni labekwa kobana libeyihlolide elaziwa ngokobana lilanga lesithembiso.
Ilanga langezi-16 zakaNobayeni lilanga lapha ihlangano yomkhonto weSizwe (Mk) yatlanywa ngonyaka ka-1961.Kuze kufike namhlanjesi amalunga wehlangano ye-African National Congress (ANC), abetha isthabalala alwisana nokungaphathwa kuhle ngurhulumende webandlululo.
Kodwana, ngemva kokubulawa kwabantu e-Sharpeville 7 ngonyaka ka-1960, lapha abantu egade batoyitoya ngokuthula badunyuzwa khona, ngokubandlululwa, babona bona ukutoyitoya ngokuthula ngeze kwatjhugulula imithetho yebandlululo. Ihlangano yomkhonto we Sizwe yatlanywa njengephiko lobujoni.
Umsebenzi omkhulu we-MK kwakukonela urhulumende webandlulo ukwenzela bona aqede umtlhago webandlululo. Kodwana iindaba zehlangano kanye nokubotjhwa kwabadosi phambili bayo ngonyaka ka-1963 kona umncopho wayo. Nanyana kunjalo, kusukela ekutlanyweni kwayo, ngezi-16 zakaNobayeni sele kwaba lilanga lokukhumbula i-MK.
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ISITHALA Julayi 2015 | Kghani Isiphelo Sesitjhidele?
Nawuzwa amezwi athi, “Ukuphela kutjhidele!” khuyini efika engqondwenakho? Kghani lokho okucabangako kukubangela bona utshwenyeke?
ISIHLOKO SESIGUBUZESO
Kghani bewazi ukuthi lokho okutjhiwo yiBhayibheli ‘ngokuphela’ kwamambala kuziindaba ezimnandi?
ISIHLOKO SESIGUBUZESO
Qalelela iingcenye zeembonakaliso ezine ezihlukahlukeneko zamatshwayo wesiphelo ekukhulunywa ngawo eBhayibhelini anikela ipendulo.
ISIHLOKO SESIGUBUZESO
Ungasinda njani? Kghani ngokubuthelela izinto ezithileko namkha ngokwenza amalungiselelo wezinto ozitlhogako?
IBHAYIBHELI LITJHUGULULA AMAPHILO
KuNormand Pelletier, into yokukhohilsa abantu beyifana neendakamizwa. Into emvula amehlo kufunda elinye lamavesi weBhayibheli.
Iimphakamiso ezisithandathu ezisekelwe eBhayibhelini ezingakusiza uzivumelanise nobujamo obutjha bepilo.
Kghani uyinto esazokufika ngomuso, namkha bekasolo akhona kusukela kwekadeni?
Kubayini ILanga LokwaHlulela Lizokuthatha Iminyaka Eyi-1000?
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IPILO NOMSEBENZI WOBUKRESTU—IHLELO LOMHLANGANO WEBANDLA Disemba 2016
Iindlela zokukhambisa isiThala, iqiniso leBhayibheli eliveza lokho okwenzekako emihleni yokuphela. Sebenzisa iimbonelwezi bona uzenzele iintjumayelo zakho.
AMAGUGU ASELIZWINI LAKAZIMU
Umphorofidi u-Isaya uhlathulula ukuthi iinkhali zizokutjhentjha zibe yizinto zokusetjenziselwa ukulima, okutjho bona abantu bakaJehova uZimu bazokuba nokuthula. (Isaya 2:4)
IPILO YAMAKRESTU
Incwadi ethi, ‘Ethandweni LakaZimu’ isiza umfundi weBhayibheli akghone ukubona ukuthi iinkambisolawulo zakaZimu sisebenza njani ekuphileni kwakhe.
AMAGUGU ASELIZWINI LAKAZIMU
U-Isaya wabikezela ukuthi uMesiya uzokutjhumayela esifundeni seGalile. UJesu wazalisa isiphorofidwesi njengombana akhamba atjhumayela iindaba ezimnandi.
IPILO YAMAKRESTU
Singawulingisa njani ummoya wokuzidela ka-Isaya nokukholwa kwakhe? Funda emndenini owathuthela enarheni enetlhogeko ekulu yabatjhumayeli.
AMAGUGU ASELIZWINI LAKAZIMU
Isiphorofido saka-Isaya sePharadesi sizaliseke njani esikhathini esidlulileko, namhlanje, nesikhathini esizako?
IPILO YAMAKRESTU
Ababili ebagade bamanaba ngaphambili njenganje babazalwana abazwana khulu—badumisa ifundisa kaZimu enamandla.
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ISITHALA (ESIFUNDWA EBANDLENI) Disemba 2016
IsiThalesi sineehloko ezizokufundwa kusukela ngomhlaka-30 Janabari kuya ngomhlaka-26 Febherbari 2017.
UMLANDO WOKUPHILA
Izabelo ezihlukahlukeneko uDenton Hopkinson azifumeneko eminyakeni edlulileko, zimsize wabona indela uJehova athanda ngayo boke abantu.
Ungazuza nange ungafunda ngokuthi uJehova wakutjhapulula njani esonweni.
Incwadi yebeRoma isahluko sobu-8 inikela isikhuthazo esingakusiza ufunyane umvuzo uJehova awunikela boke abantu.
Uzifundile na iinhloko zesiThala zamva nje? Akhulinge ukuphendula imibuzo nasi yeBhayibheli, ubone ukuthi ungaphendula ngakhi.
Ngasikhathi, Nabantu bakaZimu nabo bayatshwenyeka. Iindlela ezine ezingakusiza ube ‘nokuthula kwakaZimu.’
Ithemba lokuthi uJehova uzasivuza lisizuzisa njani? Uzivuze njani iinkhonzi zakhe zekadeni, begodu uzivuza njani namhlanjesi?
Akusibulula ukwehlisa amaphaphu nakunomuntu okusilingileko, kodwana iBhayibheli likhuthaza amaKresu ukuthi ahlale anommoya ophasi. Alo yini engakusiza bona ube nobuntu obuhlobu?
Iinhloko zesithala somphakathi nesifundwa ebandleni zihlelwe ngamananeko.
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ISITHALA (ESIFUNDWA EBANDLENI) Janabari 2018
IsiThalesi sineenhloko ezizokufundwa kusukela ngoFebherbari 26 kuya ku-Apreli 1, 2018.
THEY OFFERED THEMSELVES WILLINGLY
Akhesikucocele ngabanakwethu nabodwethu abathuthela eMadagascar ngomnqopho wokutjhumayela.
Njengombana kutjhidela ukuphela, kufuze silindele ukuthi iintjhijilo zokuphila zizokuba zinengi. Isihloko somnyaka ka-2018 sisikhuthaza bona siqalelele kuJehova nasifuna amandla.
IsiKhumbuzo sisenza sibe nokuthula ngaziphi iindlela? Sizokuba nini isiKhumbuzo sokugcina?
Enye indlela esitjengisa ngayo uJehova ukuthi siyamthanda kukuthi simuphe izinto zethu. Sizuzani thini ngokupha uJehova izinto zethu?
Ithando lakazimu lihluke njani kilelo ekukhulunywa ngalo ku-2 Thimothi 3:2-4? Ipendulo yombuzo lo ingasisiza ufumane ithabo lamambala nokwaneliseka.
Abantu abanemikghwa emimbi abangamlotjhiko uZimu bahluke njani ebantwini bakaZimu?
Ama-Israyeli bewawusebenzisa qobe na nakuvela imiraro umThetho kaMosi?
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UNYAKA ABELETHWA NGAWO: 1928
INARHA ABELETHELWA KIYO: COSTA RICA
UMLANDO: BENGIHLANYISWA NGEZEMIDLALO NOKUGEMBULA
UKUPHILA KWAMI KWANGAPHAMBILI
Ngakhulela ePuerto Limón, edorobheni leenkepe epumalanga yeCosta Rica. Ekhaya besibantwana ababunane, wekhomba kungimi. Ubaba wahlongakala nangineminyaka ebunane ubudala, okwabangela bona umma asikhulise yedwa.
Bengiphilela i-baseball, ngombana bengizithanda zemidlalo nangisakhulako. Nasengikhulakhulile ngajoyina isiqhema sabomafundani. Ngadlalela isiqhemeso bengaba seminyakeni yama-20, bese kweza enye indoda yangibawa bona ngidlalele isiqhema seenkutana eNicaragua. Kodwana ngebanga lokuthi umma bekagula, ngimi ebengimtlhogomela, nje-ke bengingakazimiseli ukuyokuhlala eNicaragua. Azange ngisamukele isibaweso. Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, kweza omunye godu wangibawa bona ngiyokudlalela isiqhema sesitjhaba seCosta Rica, njengombana ngesikhatheso bekukhethwa abadlali eenqhemeni ezisakhasako. Kilokhu-ke ngavuma. Ngadlalela isitjhaba kusukela ngo-1949-1952, ngadlala umlandelande wemidlalo eCuba, eMexico, neNicaragua. Ngimi ebakabetha ibholo, kangangobana bengikghona ukudlala imidlalo eli-17 yoke ngaphandle kokutjhapha. Bengizizwa kamnandi abantu nabarhuwelela ibizo lami.
Kuyadanisa-ke nokho ukuthi ngagcina sengiphila ipilo esilapheleko. Benginayo intombi engeyami, kodwana benginezinye engiganga nazo. Utjwala bebubuzwa kimi. Ngelinye ilanga ngadakwa kangangobana nangivuka ngisembhedeni ngakusasa kwakhona, azange ngazi ukuthi ngifike njani ekhaya! Bengigembula nemidlalweni ye-domino ngibheja ne-lotto.
Mina nangisesephasi phezulu nepilo esilapheleko leyo, umma yena waba nguFakazi kaJehova. Walinga ukungitjela ngekolo yakhe kodwana ekuthomeni wabhalelwa ngombana bengizikhonze khulu zemidlalo. Nangisetatawini, bengizibandula nangesikhathi sokudla, ngingayizwa ngitjho nendlala! Ebengikucabanga mdlalo nje kwaphela. I-baseball bengiyithanda ukudlula zoke izinto!
Kwathi-ke nangineminyaka ema-29, ngalimala kabuhlungu khulu, ngilinga ukubamba ibholo phakathi nomdlalo. Nangipholako, ngayilisa imidlalo yeenkutana. Kodwana bengisangene ngehloko emidlalweni leyo kangangobana bengibandula abadlali beenqhema ezisakhasako ezidlalela hlanu kwekhaya.
INDLELA IBHAYIBHELI ELATJHUGULULA NGAYO UKUPHILA KWAMI
Ngo-1957, ngamukela isimemo sokuya emhlanganweni waboFakazi bakaJehova, ebewubanjelwe etatawini ebengidlalela kilo i-baseball. Njengombana ngihlezi nabanye abantu, kwangikara kwamambala ukubona ukuthi aboFakazi abaziphathi budlapha njengabantu evane beze bazokubukela i-baseball. Engakubona emhlanganweni loyo, kwangikhuthaza bona ngithome ukufunda iBhayibheli naboFakazi, ngikhuthalele nokuya emihlanganweni yabo yebandla.
Ngathatjiswa zizinto ezinengi ebengizifunda eBhayibhelini. Ngokwesibonelo, uJesu wabikezela bona emihleni yokuphela, abafundi bakhe bebazokutjhumayela iindaba ezimnandi zomBuso kaZimu ephasini mazombe. (Matewu 24:14) Okhunye engakufunda kukuthi amaKrestu wamambala awabhuri ngomsebenzawo wokutjhumayela. Ngikho uJesu athi: “Namukeliswe ngesihle, yeke nani yiphani ngesihle.”—Matewu 10:8.
Nangisafunda iBhayibheli njalo, ngamadanisa elikutjhoko nalokho engikubona kwenziwa boFakazi bakaJehova. Kwangithabisa ukubona imizamo yabo yokuzikhandla ekutjhumayeleni iindaba ezimnandi zomBuso kaZimu kilo loke iphasi. Nangibaqala, bengibona lokho kanye uJesu alayela amaKrestu bona akwenze. Yeke, ngathi nangifunda uMarkosi 10:21, ngabona isimemo sakaJesu nakathi “Ungilandele,” ngavele ngafuna ukuba nguFakazi.
Kodwana kwangithatha isikhatjhana ukungena patsi esiporweni, ngombana beseyiminengi iminyaka ngilinga “itjhudu,” ngibheja i-lotto iveke neveke. Nokho-ke ngafunda eBhayibhelini bona uZimu uyabalahla abantu abalotjha ‘abozinyana’ beTjhudu, nabamarhamaru. (Isaya 65:11; Kolose 3:5) Lokho kwangenza ngakulisa ukugembula. Ngemva nje kokulisa kwami ukudlala i-lotto, ngoSondo weveke leyo iinomboro zami zabamba! Abantu bangihleka ubudlhadlha njengombana ngingazange ngibheje iveke leyo, bebangikhuthaza nokuthi ngiphinde ngibheje, kodwana ngabhala. Azange ngisabuyela ekugembuleni.
Ngaqalana nelinye ivivinyo ‘lobuntu bami obutjha’ ngelanga engabhajadiswa ngalo emhlanganweni waboFakazi bakaJehova. (Efesu 4:24) Ebusuku bamhlokho, ngabuyela ehotela ebengihlala kiyo, ngathola intombami yakade ingilinde ngaphandle emnyango. Yangincenga yathi, “Sammy ngiyakubawa, akhe sizithabise godu!” Mina ngalandula, ngamkhumbuza ukuthi nje sengiphila ipilo ehlanzekileko, ngekambiso yeBhayibheli. (1 Korinte 6:18) Warasa wathi: “Uthini?” Kwabonakala ukuthi uyawunyaza umbono weBhayibheli loyo ngezomseme, wakatelela bona sibuye sithandane. Kodwana, ngavele ngangena ngekamarweni lami, ngalodlhela umnyango. Nanamhlanjesi, kuyangithabisa ukuthi solo ngaba nguFakazi ngo-1958, ngiyibambe ngokwethembeka ikambo yokuphila le engayikhetha.
INDLELA ENGAZUZA NGAYO
Ngizizwa kwanga ngingatlola incwadi ngeenzuzo engazithola ngokuphila ngekambiso yeBhayibheli! Ezinye zeenzuzwezo kukuthi nje nginabangani bamambala, nepilo enomnqopho nethabo lamambala.
Nanje ngisayithanda i-baseball, kodwana ayisangibalekeli ehloko. I-baseball yangipha idumo nemali, kodwana izintwezo azange ngibe nazo kokuyaphi. Itjhebiswano enginalo noZimu nabafowethu ngilo elizokuhlala isiphelani. IBhayibheli lithi: “Iphasi neenkanuko zalo kuyadlula; kodwana loyo owenza intando kaZimu unokuphila okungapheliko.” (1 Jwanisi 2:17) Nje, ngithanda uJehova uZimu nabantu bakhe ukudlula nanyana yini enye into!
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Bekungo-1923, kunganabususo benyawo ewolweni lekhonsadi elibizwa ngokuthi i-Drama and Music Conservatory eSão Paulo! Uyayizwa na ikulumo kaMzalwana uGeorge Young etjhisa amadamu anamanzi? Ikulumwakhe leyo beyitologwa nangesiPutukezi. Uyababona na abantu abama-585 beza nendlebe njengombana umzalwana eza nendaba? Amavesi weBhayibheli bewavela ngesiPutukezi esikrinini. Kwathi esitlhorini somhlangano lo kwaphakwa amakhulu weencwadi ezinesihloko esithi Millions Now Living Will Never Die! amanye wawo ebewangesiNgisi, isiJarimani, nesiTariyana. Ikulumo leyo yabekwa ngepumelelo! Inengi labantu layizwa indaba leyo. Kwathi ngemva kwamalanga amabili, iwolo lazala phama! batjho kuzokulalelwa enye ikulumo. Kodwana yini le eyabangela izenzakalwesi?
Ngo-1867, uSarah Bellona Ferguson, wathutha nomndenakhe basuka e-United States bayokuhlala eBrazil. Kwathi ngo-1899, wafumana iqiniso ngemva kokuthi afunde iincwadi zeBhayibheli ezeza nomnakwabo avela e-United States. Njengombana bekakukhuthalele ukufunda nje, wafaka isibawo sokufumana isiThala sesiNgisi qobe nyanga. Kuthe bona aphehlwe mlayezo weBhayibheli, watlolela uMzalwana u-C. T. Russell, wamhlathululela bona ‘uyakufakazela ukuthi akakho umuntu okude khulu bona angafumana iqiniso,’ njengombana kwenzekile kuye.
USarah Ferguson wenza koke okusemandlenakhe bona afundise abanye amaqiniso awafundileko, kodwana bekazibuza bonyana kghani ngubani ongasiza umndenakhe nabantu beBrazil. Ngo-1912, iBethel yeBrooklyn yamtjela ukuthi kukhona ozako eSão Paulo, uza neenkulungwana zamaphetjhana anesihloko esithi Where Are the Dead? ngesiPutukezi. Bekungo-1915 nakazakutjho bona yena iyamrara indaba yokuthi abaFundi beBhayibheli bebalindele ukuhlwithwa ngesikhatheso baye ezulwini. Nakaveza amazizwakhe watlola wathi: “Kuthiwani ngeBrazil nayo yoke iSewula Amerika? . . . Newungabona ukuthi iSewula Amerika yikulu kangangani, kula uzokubona khona ukuthi usesemnengi umsebenzi wokuvuna okusafuze wenziwe.” Bekaqinisile, vele bekusesenomsebenzi omnengi tle wokuvuna ebekusafuze wenziwe!
Ngabo-1920, kwasuka abathayi ngeenkepe baya emihlanganweni yebandla eNew York City nekusalungiswa isikepe sabo. Bathi nababuyela eRio de Janeiro, bafika batjhumayela kwabanye lapho. Kwathi kungakabi sikhathi eside, uGeorge Young ebekajikeleza, wafika eRio de Janeiro wafumana abantu abathanda iqiniso. Wabona kungcono kutjhugululwe iincwadi ezimbalwa ngesiPutukezi. UMzalwana uYoung wasuka lapho waya eSão Paulo, idorobho elinabantu abazi-600 000. Wathi nekafika lapho wabeka ikulumo wakhambisa incwadi ethi Millions, njengombana kutjhiwo ngehla. Nakatlolako wathi: “Nginganabani nginjalo, bekufuze ngidzimelele khulu emikhangisweni yamaguranda bona ngikhangise iinkulumo ezizokubekwa bajameleli be-I.B.S.A. eBrazil.” *
Nesiveza umbiko ngomsebenzi kaZimu eBrazil, ngoDisemba 15, 1923, isiThala sathi: “Nesicabanga ngomsebenzi wokutjhumayela owathoma ngoJuni 1, njengombana sazi ukuthi neencwadi bezingekho ngesikhatheso, kuyabonakala ukuthi iKosi iyawubusisa umsebenzi lo.” Newuragako umbiko lo wakhuluma nangokuthi iinkulumo ezimbili kwezima-21 zabekwa kusukela ngoJuni 1 ukuya kuSeptemba 30, nokuthi abantu ebebalalele iinkulumwezo bebazi-3 600. ERio de Janeiro khona, umlayezo womBuso kaZimu bewusolo uphadlhalajwa. Ngeenyanga ezimbalwa, besele kukhanjiswe iincwadi ezingaba zi-7 000 ngesiPutukezi! Ngaphezu kwalokho isiThala, sesiPutukezi sathoma ukugadangiswa kusukela kumagazini wangoNovemba ukuya kuDisemba 1923.
UMzalwana uGeorge Young wabonana noSarah Ferguson, begodu isiThala nesikhuluma ngalokho sathi: “Udade lo weza endaweni la uMzalwana uYoung ebekakhambisela khona iincwadi, wafese wamqala, wambamba ngesandla, wathi: ‘Angikholwa amehlwami ukuthi ngibona umjikelezi ophilako.’” Yena nabanye babantwabakhe babhajadiswa. Eqinisweni besekuminyaka ema-25 alinde ukubhajadiswa! Kwathi ngo-Arhostosi 1, ka-1924 isiThala sabika ukuthi kubhajadiswe abantu abama-50 eBrazil, inengi labo ngeleRio de Janeiro.
Nasingawubuza godu umbuzo owabuzwa eminyakeni ema-90 eyadlulako sithi: “Kuthiwani-ke ngeBrazil neSewula Amerika?” Ipendulo kukuthi sekunaboFakazi bakaJehova abatjhumayela iindaba ezimnandi abangaphezu kwe-760 000 eBrazil. ISewula Amerika iyoke, inabantu abathola umlayezo womBuso kaZimu ngesiPutukezi, isiPenitjhi namanye amalimi amanengi wendabuko. Nasesikhuluma iqiniso, uSarah Ferguson bekayiphethe ngesibhukwini nakazakutjho amezwi la ngo-1915 athi ‘Kusesenomsebenzi omnengi wokuvuna okusafuze wenziwe.’—Ezivela ebulungelweni lethu eBrazil.
^ isig. 6 I-I.B.S.A. sirhunyezo se-International Bible Students Association.
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“Mntwanami, uZimu wazi okusilungeleko. . . ungalili.”
Umma othileko wahlebela uBebe wamtjela amezwi la. Ngesikhatheso bebangcwaba uyise, owahlongakalela engozini yekoloyi.
UBebe bekatjhidelene khulu noyise. Amezwi la atjhiwo mumuntu amjayeleko ebekalinga ukumtjhiriya, kodwana uBebe amlimaza kunokobana amduduze. Bekasolo athi ehliziywenakhe, “Akunanto elungileko ngokufa kwakababa.” Ngemva kweminyaka kwenzekile lokhu, uBebe wakutlola encwadini ngasuthi kusanda ukwenzeka, okutjengisa ukuthi bekasamlilela uyise.
NjengoBebe, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi umuntu aphole ebuhlungwini bokufelwa, khulukhulu nange umuntu loyo bekatjhidelene khulu nomufi. EBhayibhelini, ukufa kubizwa ngokuthi ‘sisitha sokugcina.’ (1 Korinte 15:26) Ukufa kusiqeda amandla, bekuthikazise nokuphila kwethu singakalindeli ngokusithathela abantu esibathandako, begodu akunamuntu ongakuvimba. Yeke akukafaneli sizirarekele nasingazi ukuthi kufuze siqalane njani nobuhlungu bokufelwa nemiphumela yakhona.
Mhlamunye uyazibuza: ‘Buthatha isikhathi eside kangangani ubuhlungu bokuhlongakalelwa mumuntu omthandako? Umuntu angaqalana njani nobuhlungu bokufelwa? Ngingabaduduza njani abanye abahlongakalelweko? Kghani abantu esibathandako sizokubuya sibabone na?’
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UKresimusi bekasolo ahlathululwa ngokuthi lisiko lamaKrestu lokugidinga ukubelethwa kwakaJesu. Nanyana kunjalo, imiphakathi eminengi igidinga umnyanya lo ngamasiko amanengi, begodu lokho kusenza sizibuze ukuthi amasiko la ahlangana njani nokubelethwa kwakaJesu.
Ngokwesibonelo, kunenolwana kaFather Christmas. Namhlanjesi uFather Christmas wenza izinto ezihlekisako, uneendevu ezimhlophe, imihlathi ibovu, umbethe isudu ebovu. Waphumelela khulu nakhungangiswa ngaye ekhampanini ethengisa iinselo yeNorth America ngo-1931. Kwathi ngabo-1950, abanye abantu beBrazil balinga ukujamiselela uFather Christmas ngomuntu wenolwaneni obizwa bona nguGrandpa Indian. Waba yini umphumela walokho? UPhrofesa Carlos E. Fantinati uthi, uFather Christmas akhenge adume ukudlula uGrandpa Indian kwaphela, kodwana “waduma ukudlula umntwana onguJesu, begodu abantu nebabona yena bacabanga ngomnyanya kaDisemba 25.” Kghani inolwana kaFather Christmas ngiyo kwaphela emraro? Bona sifumane ipendulo, akhesibuyele emva emaKrestwini wekadeni.
I-Encyclopedia Britannica ithi, “phakathi kweminyaka emakhulu amabili yokuphila kwamaKrestu wokuthoma kwakhe kwaba nepikiswano ekulu ngendaba yokugidingwa kwamalanga wokubelethwa kwabantu abafela ubuKrestu, ngitjho nelokubelethwa kwakaJesu imbala.” Kubayini? Ngombana amaKrestu bekaqala ukugidingwa kwelanga lamabeletho njengesiko labarhedeni, into ebekufuze bangayenzi ngokupheleleko. Iqiniso kukuthi eBhayibhelini ilanga lamabeletho kaJesu alikho.
Nasele kudlule iminyaka emakhulu amathathu uJesu afile, naphezu kwegadango elathathwa maKrestu wekadeni lokuthi bangawagidingi amalanga wamabeletho, iSonto lamaKatolika lasungula uKresimusi. Isonto belifuna ukuqinisa isikhundla salo ngokutjhidisa isiqabo esikhulu endlelenaso—ukuduma kwekolo yamaRoma yobuqaba yokugidinga ebusika ilanga elifitjhani ukuwadlula woke. I-Christmas in America, etlolwe nguPenne L. Restad ithi: “Inengi lamaRoma belipheka ukudla okunengi, kudliwe, kudlalwe imidlalo, kumatjhwe, begodu kugidingwe neminye iminyanya njengombana bathandaza abosingazimu babo.” Lokho bekwenzeka qobe mnyaka, kusukela ngoDisemba 17 ukuya ngoJanabari 1. Ukusungulwa kwakaKresimusi ngelangelo, bekuzokwenza amaRoma amanengi agcine sele agidinga amabeletho kaJesu kunokobana agidinge ukubelethwa kwelanga. Incwadi i-Santa Claus, a Biography, etlolwe nguGerry Bowler ithi, amaRoma “bewakuthabela ukwenza iminyanya ebusika.” Eqinisweni, “aragela phambili agidinga ilanga elitjha ngamasiko amadala.”
Kuyakhanya-ke ukuthi umraro oyihloko wokugidingwa kwakaKresimusi uvela emasikweni woburhedeni. Encwadinakhe i-The Battle for Christmas, uStephen Nissenbaum uthi, uKresimusi “mgidi wobuqaba ombeswe ngerharideni lobuKrestu.” Yeke, uKresimusi uhlazisa uZimu neNdodanakhe, uJesu Krestu. Kghani lokhu kuyindaba engatjho litho? IBhayibheli liyabuza: “Kunabudlelwano bani phakathi kwabalungileko nabangakalungi na? Namkha kunahlanganyelo bani phakathi komkhanyo nobumnyama na?” (2 Korinte 6:14) Njengesiqu somuthi esikhule sasongana, uKresimusi ‘usongene’ kangangokuthi angekhe usonguluke.—UMtjhumayeli 1:15.
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Abafuna ukuba zizakhamuzi emBusweni kaZimu kufuze bafunde koke abangakufunda ngomBuso lo, nalokho osele ukwenzile. Kubayini? Lokho angekhe kuqinise ukukholwa kwabo ekutheni umBuso kaZimu uyabusa kwaphela, kodwana kuzobahlohlozela bona batjele abanye iindaba ezimnandi zomBuso kaZimu. (Rhu 45:2 [45:1, NW]; 49:4 [49:3, NW]) Nawubukela ividiyo ethi UmBuso KaZimu—Iminyaka Eyi-100 Kuya Phambili, funa iimpendulo zanasi imibuzo elandelako:
“I-Photo-Drama of Creation” ibe sibusiso njani kilabo abayibonileko?
Umrhatjho usetjenziswe njani bona iindaba ezimnandi zifike ebantwini?
Ngiziphi ezinye iindlela ezisetjenziselwe ukutjhumayela iindaba ezimnandi, begodu zaba namuphi umphumela?
Ibandulo lokutjhumayela lithuthuke njani ngokukhamba kweminyaka?
Abafundi besiKolo seGiliyadi babandulwe njani ngendlela ephumelelako?
Imihlangano emikhulu idlale yiphi indima ekubanduleni abantu bakaJehova?
Ngibuphi ubufakazi obutjengisa bona nakumBuso kaZimu wona uyabusa?
Siwusekela njani umBuso kaZimu?
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Akhe uzicabange ungakghoni ukulawula umzimbakho ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amehlwakho? Umnakwethu uJairo usebujamweni obunjalo obumapharodlha. Nanyana kunjalo, uthabela ipilo enomnqopho. Ngaphambi kobana nginihlathululele ukuthi kubayini athabela ipilo, akhe nginicocele indabakhe.
UJairo wabelethwa anehlobo elithileko lokukhubazeka ebuqhotjheni elibizwa ngokuthi yi-spastic quadriplegia. * Ngebanga lalokho, akakghoni ukulawula umzimbakhe. Ubuqhopho bakhe abukwazi ukuthumela imilayezo emisipheni, imikhono neenyawo zakhe kuyasongana, angakghoni ukuzilawula. Ngezinye iinkhathi, ngokungakalindeleki uJairo uyahlengezela lokho kumbangele ukuthi azilimaze. Abantu abahlanu kwakhe kungenzeka balimale nange bangatjheji. Ngokudanisako, imikhonwakhe neenyawo esikhathini esinengi kufuze zibotjhelwe esitulweni sakhe sabantu abarholopheleko ukuvimbela iingozi ezinjalo.
NGEZWA UBUHLUNGU OBUKHULU EKUKHULENI KWAMI
UJairo wakhula kabuhlungu khulu. Nakaneenyanga eentathu, wathoma ukuba nokugula kokuwa okwamtjhiya atsirimezekile. Esikhathini esinengi, uMma bekambamba amqinise bese amgijimisele esibhedlela, azitjela ukuthi uhlongakele.
Ngebanga lokuqina nokurhunyela kwemisipha, ngokukhamba kwesikhathi amathambo kaJairo asongana. Nakaneminyaka eli-16, wakhumuka idini okwatlhogeka ukuthi oyokuhlinzwa kusukela edinini bekuyokufikela enyonga. Ngisakhumbula uJairo ezwa ubuhlungu alila ngamalanga ebusuku njengombana alulama.
Ukukhubazeka kwakaJairo okumbi khulu kwamenza wathembela kwabanye abantu bona bamsize ukwenza umsebenzi waqobe langa, njengokudla, ukumbathisa, nokumlalisa. UBaba noMma ngokuvamileko ngibo ebebenza imisebenzi le. Nanyana uJairo bekatlhoga isizo elinzinzileko, ababelethi bethu bebahlala bamkhumbuza ukuthi ipilwakhe isezandleni zakaZimu ingasi ebantwini kwaphela.
KUVULEKA INDLELA YOKUKHULUMISANA
Ababelethi bethu baboFakazi bakaJehova, bebasolo bafundela uJairo iindaba zeBhayibheli kusukela asesemncani. Bebahlala bazi ukuthi ipilo iba nomnqopho nengabe umuntu uba nobuhlobo noZimu. UJairo wathiyeka emzimbenakhe obuthakathaka ebewuragela phambili uhlengezela, kodwana bekangaba nekusasa elihle nelinethemba. Nanyana kunjalo, kanengi bebazibuza ukuthi uJairo bekangakghona na ukuzwisisa ilwazi leBhayibheli?
Langelinye, uJairo asesemntwana, uBaba wambawa, “Jairo, ngibawa ukhulume nami?” Wangezelela ngokuthi, “Nengabe ungithanda kwamambala, uzongikhulumisa!” Njengombana uBaba amncenga bona akhulume okunganani ilizwi libe linye, uJairo wehla iminyembezi. Nanyana bekalinga kuveza amazizwakhe ngokukhuluma, bekabubula kwaphela. UBaba wezwa ubuhlungu ngokulilisa uJairo. Kodwana indlela uJairo asabela ngayo itjengise ukuthi bekazwisisa lokho ebekutjhiwo nguBaba. Umraro bekukuthi bekangakghoni ukukhuluma.
Kungasikade, ababelethi bethu bayelela ukuthi uJairo ngezinye iinkhathi bekanyakazisa amehlwakhe msinyana ngendlela yokuthi alinge ukuveza lokho akucabangako namazizwakhe. Bekumhlangahlanganisa lokhu uJairo ukuthi ngasikhathi bekangakghoni kwenza bona bamzwisise. Kodwana kwathi ababelethi nasele bayazi indlela yokufunda amehlwakhe nokumtholela lokho akutlhogako, ubuso bakaJairo bebuthaba abobotheke. Bekuyindlela yokuthi ngiyathokoza.
Umlaphi wabanemiraro yokukhuluma waveza isiphakamiso sendlela engcono yokukhulumisana, wathi kufuze siphakamisele phezulu izandla zombili nasimbuza umbuzo ozokutjho ukuthi uyavuma namkha uyala. Isandla sokudla sitjho ukuthi iye, sesincele sitjho ukuthi awa. Ngalokho, bekaveza lokho akufunako ngokujikisela amehlwakhe ngesandleni esifaneleko.
IPILO KAJAIRO EYINGQOPHA MLANDO
Kathathu ngomnyaka, aboFakazi bakaJehova baba nemihlangano emincani nemikhulu, lapho abantu abanengi balalela khona iinkulumo ezisekelwe eBhayibhelini. UJairo bekuhlala kumthabisa nekuzokubekwa ikulumo yalabo abazokubhajadiswa. Ngelinye ilanga, uJairo nekaneminyaka eli-16, uBaba wambuza, “Jairo, uyakufuna na ukubhajadiswa?” Waphakamisa amehlo kwabakanye waqala isandla sakaBaba sokudla aveza isifiso sakhe sokuthi uyakufuna ukubhajadiswa. UBaba wanaba ngokuthi, “Sewumthembisile na uZimu emthandazweni ukuthi ufuna ukumkhonza unomphela?” Wabuya godu uJairo waqala thwi esandleni sakaBaba sokudla. Besele kusebaleni ukuthi uJairo unikele ipilwakhe kuJehova.
Ngemva kobana afunde kanengana iingcoco zeBhayibheli, besele kukhanya ukuthi uJairo uyakuzwisisa ukuqakatheka kwebhabhadiso lobuKrestu. Yeke, ngo-2004, waphendula umbuzo oqakatheke khulu abuzwa wona, “Sewuzinikele na kuZimu bona wenze intandwakhe?” UJairo waphendula umbuzo lo ngokuthi aphakamisele amehlwakhe phezulu. Le bekuyindlela yokutjengisa ukuthi uyavuma. Ngalokho-ke, nakaneminyaka eli-17, wabhajadiswa waba ngomunye waboFakazi bakaJehova.
AMEHLWAKHE ADZIMELELE EZINTWENI ZAKAZIMU
Ngo-2011, kwavuleka indlela etjha yokukhulumisana noJairo—ikhomphyutha elawulwa mamehlo. Umtjhini lo ukwazi ukubamba ukusikinyeka kwelihlo lakhe ukwenzela ukukhetha iinthombe ezivela esikrinini sekhomphyutha. Nakaqala isithombeso kunjengokungathi ugandelela ikunubhe ekhomphyutheni. Iimthombezo bezijamele imitjhwana nofana amagama azokwazi ukusiza uJairo bona akhulume. Nakaqala esinye seenthombe, ikhomphyutha le idlulisela umlayezo otloliweko uzwakale emtjhinini sewulilizwi.
Njengombana ukuzwisisa kwakaJairo iBhayibheli bekukhula, nesifiso sakhe sokusiza abanye bazi iqiniso ngoZimu naso sakhula. Nasenza isifundo seBhayibheli somndeni saqobe veke, kanengi unande aqala emva la ngihlezi khona abuye aqale ikhophyuthakhe. Le yindlela yokungikhumbuza ukuthi kufuze ngimtlolele iimpendulo azoziphendula nekubuzwa imibuzo emihlanganweni yebandla loKrestu.
Emhlanganweni, ngokubekezela uqala isikrini akhethe isithombe esifaneleko, bese ilizwi lakhe elivela emtjhinini lizwakale ebantwini boke. Esikhathi esinengi nakaphendulako uhleka kuzwakale nakakhuthaza amalunga webandla. U-Alex, omunye wabangani bakaJairo omutjha, uthi, “Kuhlala kungikara nangizwa iimpendulo zakaJairo nakakhuluma ngendaba yeBhayibheli.”
UJairo godu usebenzisa amehlwakhe ukutjela abanye ngeenkolelo zakhe. Enye indlela akwenza ngayo lokhu ugandelela itshwayo eliveza isithombe sengadini lapho kuneenlwana nabantu bazo zoke iinhlanga baphila ngokuthula. Nakagandelela lokhu, ilizwi elisekhophyutheni liyakhuluma, “IBhayibheli lithembisa ukuthi iphasi lizokuba yipharadesi lapho kuzabe kungekho khona ukugula nokufa, IsAmbulo 21:4.” Nengabe umuntu olaleleko utjengisa ikareko, nakagandelela ikunubhe godu ekhomphyuthenakhe ithi, “Ungakuthabela ukufunda iBhayibheli nami?” Ngokungakalindeleki, ubamkhulu wamukela isimemo sokufunda nami iBhayibheli. Kuyakarisa ukubona uJairo asizwa ngomunye waboFakazi, bafunda nobamkhulu iBhayibheli kabuthaka! Okuthabisako, ubamkhulu wabhajadiswa emhlanganweni wesifunda ngo-Arhostosi 2014 eMadrid.
Indlela uJairo azinikela ngayo kuZimu yatjhejwa nabotitjhere bakhe esikolweni. URosario, omunye wabalaphi bakhe wathi: “Nakungenzeka ngicabange ukujoyina ikolo, ngingakhetha ukuba ngomunye waboFakazi bakaJehova. Ngibone indlela ikholo lakaJairo elimnikele ngayo umnqopho wamambala ekuphileni, naphezu kobujamo bakhe obumaphorodlha.”
Amehlo kaJairo ahlale aphapheme nengimfundela isithembiso seBhayibheli: “Abarholopheleko bazatjakadula njengehlangumataka nelimu leemumu lililizele.” (Isaya 35:6) Nanyana ngezinye iinkhathi adana, kodwana uhlale anomoya omuhle. Lokhu kuyakghonakala ngebanga lokuthi ukuphila kwakhe kudzimelele kuZimu nebanganini bakhe abamaKrestu. Ngebanga lokuthi uhlala athabile, nekholo lakhe eliqinileko libufakazi bokuthi ukukhonza uJehova kwenza ipilo etjhijilako ibe ngeqakathekileko.
^ isig. 5 Ukukhubazeka kobuqhopho (Cerebral palsy) libizo elivame ukusetjenziswa lokha nakuhlathululwa ukulimala kobuqhopho okwenza umuntu angasakghoni ukusikinya umzimba ngendlela evamileko. Kungabangela ukugula kokuwa, imiraro yokudla, nokungakwazi ukukhuluma kuhle. I-Spastic quadriplegia lihlobo lokukhubazeka kobuqhopho okumbi khulu; okungabangela ukuqina kwezandla neenyawo nentamo erephelelako.
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Ngubani IBizo likaZimu?
Woke amalunga womndenethu anamabizo. Ngitjho neenlwana zinamabizo! Kuyafanaleka na ngoZimu bona abe nebizo? EBhayibhilini, uZimu uneziqu ezinengi, njengesithi Mninimandla woke, Kosi emBusi nesithi Mbumbi, kodwana naye unalo ibizo lakhe mathupha.—Funda u-Isaya 42:8.
Amatjhugululo amanengi weBhayibhili analo ibizo lakaZimu kuRhalani 83:18. Ngokwesibonelo, ku-New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, iveselo lithi: “Wena ibizo lakho elinguJehova, wena wedwa ungoPhakemeko ephasini loke.”
Kubayini kufuze sisebenzise ibizo lakaZimu?
UZimu ufuna sisebenzise ibizo lakhe. Sisebenzisa amabizo wabantu mathupha nesikhuluma nalabo esibathandako, njengabangani esitjhidelene nabo—khulukhulu nabafuna senze njalo. Kufuze kube nomahluko na nakuziwa ekukhulumeni noZimu? Ngaphezu kwalokho, uJesu Krestu wakhuthaza ukusebenziswa kwebizo lakaZimu.—Funda uMatewu 6:9; Jwanisi 17:26.
Nokho, bona sibe bangani bakaZimu, kutlhogeka sazi okungeziweko ngaye ingasi ibizo lakhe kwaphela. Ngokwesibonelo, unjani uZimu? Kuyakghonakala na bona sitjhidele hlanu kwakaZimu? Ungafumana iimpendulo zemibuzo le eBhayibhilini.
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Eemnyakeni yamva nje, abososayensi nabonjiniyere, bavumele iintjalo neenlwana zibafundise. (Jobhi 12:7, 8) Bafunda begodu balingisa iimhlobohlobo yezinto ezibunjiweko—baberegisa irhelo elibizwa bona yi-biomimetics—bona bakhe izinto ezitja begodu bathuthukise izinto esele zikhona. Njengombana ucabangela iimbonelo ezilandelako zibuze, ‘Ngubani kwamambala ofanelwe lidumo ngezinto ezenziwekwezi?’
Ukufunda Emaphikweni Womkhomo
Umkhomo ungabafundisani labo abenza iimphaphamtjhini? Kubonakala ngasuthi bangafunda okukhulu kilokhu. Umkhomo omkhulu unobudisi obupheze bube mathani ama-30—njengetrogo elilayitjhe umthwalo omnengi begodu unomzimba oqinileko namaphiko amakhulu. Isilwanesi simamitha ali-12 sikhambisa ngendlela erarako ngaphasi kwamanzi.
Okwabarara khulu abarhubhululi kukobana isilwana esinomzimba oqinilekwesi sikghona ukuzomba endaweni ebonakala iyincani khulu. Abarhubhululi bafumene bona ifihlo isendleleni amaphiko womkhomo akheke ngayo. Iingcenye zamaphiko wangaphambili azitjheleli, njengephiko lesiphaphamtjhini, kodwana ziimqoqomazinyo, zinamabhampara alandelanako abizwa bona ma-tubercles.
Njengombana umkhomo ukhamba msinyana, ama-tubercles angezelela ibelo lokukhuphuka okwenza bona ungatjhingi phasi. Akwenza njani lokho? Iphephandaba i-Natural History ihlathulula bona ama-tubercles enza amanzi azombeleze msinyana ngendlela ehlelekileko phezu kwamaphiko, ngitjho nalokha umkhomo ukuphuka ngemanzini.10
Ngubani umnikazi wemvelo?
Abarhubhululi bangakuberegisa njani lokhu? Kubonakala ngasuthi amaphiko wesiphaphamtjhini enziwe njengawomkhomo azokutlhoga amaphiko ambalwa namtjhana iinsetjenziswa ezithileko ezizokukghona ukulawula umoya ogelezako. Amaphiko anjalo ayavikeleka begodu kulula ukuwatlogomela. Isazi se-biomechanics uJohn Long ukholelwa bona ngelinye ilanga msinyana “sizokubona isiphaphamtjhini esinye nesinye somhlobo we-jetliner esinamabhampara afana newamaphiko womkhomo omkhulu.”11
Ukulingisa Amaphiko We-seagull
Kuliqiniso, amaphiko wesiphaphamtjhini afana neweenyoni. Nokho, mva nje abosonjiniyere benze ituthuko ephawulekako endleleni abalingisa ngayo amaphiko weenyoni. Umagazini i-New Scientist uthi: “Abarhubhululi beYunivesithi yeFlorida, benze isiphaphamtjhini esisibonelo esilawulwa sikude esikwazi ukuphapha emoyeni, sitjuze sitjhinge phasi godu sikhuphuke njengenyoni i-seagull.”12
Ama-seagull enza iimdlalo ekarisako emoyeni ngokobana avule godu avale amaphikwawo. Kulingiswa indlela yamaphiko we-seagull alawuleka bulula, “isiphaphamtjhini esimasentimitha ama-60 sisebenzisa umtjhini omncani ukulawula iinsimbi ezenza amaphiko akghone ukusikinyeka,” kutjho umagazini. Amaphiko enziwe ngokuhlakanipha la enza isiphaphamtjhini esincancani siphaphe siye phezulu hlangana nemakhiwo emkhulu. Amajoni wemoyeni azimisele ukwenza isiphaphamtjhini esilawuleka bulula esizokukghona ukuya nanyana kukuphi bona basiberegisele ukurhubhulula amakhemikhali namtjhana iinkhali emadorobheni amakhulu.
Ukulingisa Iimlenze Ye-seagull
I-seagull ayikghadzi, ngitjho nalokha ijame phezu kwerhwaba. Inyoni le iwubulunga njani umtjhiso emzimbeni? Ingcenye yefihlo iserhelweni lokubunjwa elirarako elifumaneka eenlwaneni ezimbalwa ezihlala eendaweni ezimakhaza. Ibizwa bona yirhelo lokufuthumeza umzimba (countercurrent heat exchanger).
Liyini irhelo lokufuthumeza umzimba? Ukwenzela bona ulizwisise kuhle, cabanga ngamaphayiphu wamanzi amabili abotjhwe ahlanganiswa ndawonye. Amanzi atjhisako akhamba kwelinye iphayiphi namakhaza akhamba kwelinye. Nengabe kokubili amanzi atjhisako namakhaza emaphayiphini atjhinga ehlangothini elifanako, pheze ingcenye yomtjhiso yamanzi atjhisako izokuya kwamakhaza. Kwodwana, nengabe amanzi atjhisako namakhaza ayaphambana, pheze woke umtjhiso wamanzi atjhisako uzokuya emanzini amakhaza.
I-seagull neyijame erhwabeni, amarhelo wokufuthumeza umzimba eenyaweni zayo afuthumeza iingazi njengombana zibuya eenyaweni zenyoni le ezimakhaza. Amarhelo wokufuthumeza umzimba abulunga umtjhiso emzimbeni wenyonil le begodu abulunge nokulahleka komtjhiso eenyaweni zayo. U-Arthur P. Fraas, isazi semphaphamtjhini nokuberega kwama enjini, uhlathulula indlela iinyawo zenyoni le ezibumbeke ngayo “njengekambiso lawulo nendlela yokufuthumeza umzimba neyokuzivuselela ephumelela khulu ephasini.”13 Ikambiso le ihlakaniphe kangangobana abonjiniyera bayikopile.
Ngubani Ofanelwe Lidumo?
Hlangana nesikhatheso i-National Aeronautics and Space Administration yenza irobodo elinemlenze eemnengi elikhamba njengofezela, begodu abonjiniyere e-Finland sebayakhile igandaganda enemlenze esithandathu ekwazi ukweqa iinthiyo njengombana kwenza ingogwana ekulu. Abanye abarhubhululi benze itjhila elinezinto ezincancani ezivuleka njengesikurwana esivulekako godu sivaleke. Itjhilelo lizivumelanisa nezinga lokutjhisa lomzimba womuntu olimbetheko. Enye ifemu yeenkoloyi yenza ikoloyi efana nomzimba we-boxfish otjhelelako nonzinzileko. Kanti abanye abarhubhululi bahlola ukwakheka kwamaqephe we-abalone, okwenza bona neyibethekako ingalimali, ngomnqopho wokwakha iimvikelo zomzimba ezilula neziqinileko.
Kuneembono eemnengi emihle evela emvelweni kangangobana abarhubhululi benze iziko lebuthelelolwazi [database] ukubulunga imininingwana eziinkulungwana emalungana nezinto ezihlukahlukeneko eziphilako. I-Economist ithi, Abososayensi bangasetjha ezikweni lebuthelelolwazeli ukwenzela bona bafumane “isisombululo esingokwemvelo ukurarulula izinto abazenzileko.” “Izinto eziphilako zibanikazi” bemininingwana emalungana namarhelo wemvelo efumaneka ezikweni lebuthelelolwazi. Ngokujayelekileko, umnikazi wokuthileko yikampani namtjhana mumuntu onikelwa igunya elingokomthetho njengomnikazi womtjhini awenzileko namtjhana umbono eze nawo. Neyihlathulula imininingwana yezinto eziphilako le, i-Economist ithi: “Abarhubhululi nebathi ‘izinto eziphilako zibanikazi’ beembono yezinto ezenziweko ekususelwa kiwo izinto ezenziwako, kwamambala bagandelela bona indalo imnikazi.”14
Iimvelo yeza njani neembono emihle kangaka? Abarhubhululi abanengi bebazokuthi iintwezihle ezenziweko ezibonakala emvelweni zavele zaba khona ngokusombuluka kwemvelo okwathatha iingidi zeemnyaka. Kodwana abanye abarhubhululi, bafinyelela esiphethweni esihlukileko. Ephephandabeni i-New York Times lango Febhebari 7, 2005, isazi sezinto eziphilako ezincancani khulu bona singazibona uMichael J. Behe, satlola: “Ukubonakala okuqinileko kokwenziweko [emvelweni] kusenza siphethe nganasi indlela eqinisekileko: nengabe kuqaleka njengedada, kulila njengedada, begodu bungekho ubufakazi obuphikisana nalokho, sinesisekelo esiqilileko sokuphetha ngokobana yidada.” Wafika kusiphi isiphetho? “Nengabe ukwenziwa kokuthileko kubonakala ngokukhanyako, akunamuntu ofuze akuphike.”15
Kwamambala, unjiniyere owenze iphiko lesiphaphamtjhini esiphephileko begodu eliberega bhedere kuyafaneleka bona anikelwe idumo ngakwenzileko. Ngokufanako, umenzi wetjhila elithambileko namtjhana ikoloyi eberega kuhle kufuze afumane idumo ngakwenzileko. Eqinisweni, umuntu owenze izinto ezisekelwe kokwenziwe ngomunye umuntu kodwana abhalelwe kunikela loyo owenze iintwezo idumo, angaqalwa njengesela.
Kwanje akhe sicabangele naka amaqiniso: Abarhubhululi ababandulwe kuhle khulu baberegisa amarhelo wezinto ezibunjiweko bona bararulule imiraro ebudisi yobunjiniyere. Namtjhana kunjalo, abanye bangathi ukuhlakanipha okubonakala ekubunjweni kwavela ngokusombuluka kwemvelo okunganakuhlakanipha. Lokhu kuzwakala kukuhle kuwe? Nengabe into eyenziweko ithloga umuntu ohlakaniphleko, kuthiwani-ke ngento ekususelwa kiyo? Kwamambala, ngubani ofanelwe lidumo khulu, siberegi esinekghono namtjhana mfundi olingisa into eyenziwe siberegi esinekghono?
Isiphetho Esinengqondo
Ngemva kokubuyekeza ubufakazi bokobana ukhona umuntu owenza imvelo, abantu abanengi bavumelana namezwi aseBhayibhilini atlolwe nguPowula, owathi: “Abantu bazi kamhlophe amandla wakhe angapheliko bazi nobuZimu bakhe, kwabonakala ngalokho akwenzileko.” (KwebeRoma 1:19, 20)
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©Ivan Leroy Brown, Beegin
Lokha nawuthoma ibubulo lokufuya iinyosi njengomfuyi wazo omutjha, umlimi utlhoga ikhekheba nanyana i-hive lazo. I hive kulapha iinyosi zizokuhlala khona, zikhulise abantwana bazo, zibeke amaqanda abekelwa yikosazane yazo aphephile begodu zikhiqize iluju kanye nezinye izinto ezizidlako. Imihlambi yeenyosi itlhogwa ukukhanjiswa (zihlezi ezindlini zazo nanya endlwaneni zayo) ukusuka eplasini linye ukuya kwelinye lapha ziyokwenza khona i-pollunation.
Ungathoma ngezindlu ezisebenzileko, zenzele izindlu zazo ngokwakho nanyana uzithengele eziloso uzihlanganisele wena (msebenzi okhulu). Kungcono ukuzithengela izindlu zazo ezitja. Abafuyi beenyosi abanengi eSewula Afrika basebenzisa i-Langstroth hives, eyenziwe ngeskhuni salapha eSewula Afrika.
Mvanje izindlu zeenyosi ezinengi zenziwe ngeskhuni esibizwa bona yi-marine plywood, eqine ukudlula i-plywood ejwayelekileko. Izindlu zeenyosi ezenziwe ngesamende kanye neplayistiki nazo zingastejenziswa ngombana ziqinile. Izindlu zeenyosi ezenziwe ngeplayistiki zakheke kuhle kodwana ziyabiza.
Izindlu Zeenyosi Ezisebenzileko
Ukuthenga izindlu zeenyosi ezisebenzileko kungaletha amalwelwe emhlambini yakho yeenyosi njele kuyatlhogeka bona usterilayize izindlwezo. Imakamuro wezindlu zeenyosi angaserilaziwa ngamakhemikhali afana ne-hypochlorite kanye ne-acetic acid nanyana enziwe ngetotjhi. Tjheja lokha nawufaka i-Waksol ezindlwini zeenyosi. Mhlamunye ungabuza ihlangano yangekhenu efuya iinyosi ukobana ikuphe umhlahlandlela.
Izindlu Ezihle Zabelimi Abathoma Ukufuya Iinyosi?
Izindlu zeenyosi zimumethe amakamerwana phasi begodu zinamafreyimu alisumi enziwe ngekhuni ekamerweni. Ifreyimu linye linestrbhe esondileko esirhelebha iinyosi ukobana zithome ukhwaka amakhekheba wazo.
Phezu kwamakamero layo, ufaka elinye (elinesvalo phezulu) elinamafreyimu elisumi enestrebhe esondileko. Ungaba nama-supers amathathu ukuya kwamahlanu endlini yinye. Iliju livunwa emafreyimini lawo.
Ukukhandela indlovukazi yeenyosi ukobana ibekele amaqanda, ungabeka i-queen excluder eyenziwe ngeplayistiki nanyana ngesimbi - ukuze irhone ukudlula lula hlangana namafreyimi.
Ngesinye iskhathi iinthiyo ezenziwe nge-pollen zisetjenziswa njengobungeno bezindlu benyosi. Amatrbhu la abuthelela i-pollen esuka eenyosini lokha nazibuya eendlini zazo. I-pollen kufanele ibuthwe malanga woke ifakwe isiqandisini yenziwe irhwaba, isetjenziswe lada njengokudla kokungezelela kwendlovukazi lokha ukudla nakutlhogekako. Kodwana akusingobo boke abafuyi beenyosi abavumelana nokusetjenziswa kwamatrebhu we-pollen la. Abanye baqabanga bona yenza kube buthaka ukubuthelela i-nectar kanye nokungena kweenyosi ezindlweni zazo.
Kuphakanyiswa bona ubeke izindlu zeenyosi esitendini nanyana esigodweni - kungasikhuphasi. Akwenzi bona kubelula kwaphela emgogodlhenakho lokha nawusenza izindlunu zazo, kodwana kuzokurhelebha ukukhandela ukuzunywa ziinunwana ezirharhabako kanye namakhondlo. Amabubulo arhweba ngensentjenziswa zeenyosi afana ne-Bee Ware aphakamisa ukuzesa i-grease edala estendini nanyana esgodweni lapha kunezindlu zazo ukukhandela ukobana iintjhontjhwani zizihlasele izindlwezi kanye nokubeka izindwezi phezu kwendlu. Beka izindlu zeenyosezi emthunzini oyi-60% ehlobo.
Uzithengaphi Izindlu Zeenyosi?
Abarhubhululi lapha ikhwalithi ehle yezindlu zeenyosi kanye neesetjenziswa zokufuya iinyosi zingathengwa nanyana joyina ihlangano engakunikela iseluleko sokobana ungazithengephi izindlu zeenyosi kubosiyazi bokufuya iinyosi. Ukungezelela, iinluleko zabo kanye neemfundiso zabo ziqakathekile ebafuyini abasathomako. Thenga izindlu zeenyosi kanye nezinye iinsetjenziswa zenyosi emabubulweni amanengi kanye nemabubulweni wezokulima athengisa iinsetjenziswazi.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe
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Igama
Isikghopha sentabeni (Mountain Aloe)
Igama lesi-Latin
Aloe marlothii
Ihlathululo
Linesiqu esisodwa eside esiba mumuthi wezamba, sibanamakari ahlaza okuvangeke ngamlotha, sihlome ngameva amancani; begodu amumethe amanzana ayijuzi esarulana. Amanzana la ayijuzi begade asetjenziselwa ukulapha amalwelwe wamathuthu isikhathi esimasentjhuri amanengi esadlulako. Amathuthumbo la athwalwa sisiqu esikhulu begodu avame ukuba sisakhiwo setjhubhu.
Amathuthumbo a-orentji amagatja ahlomako avela ukusuka ngenyanga kaMgwengweni ukuya kuRhoboyi. Isiqu sawo sivame ukumbeswa makari omileko. Amathuthumbo la avikelekile ekudliweni ziinlwani ngokuthi abenameva abukhali kanye nejuzi ebabako.
Indawalo yemvelo
I-Aloe marlothii itholakala ukusuka e-North-West Province, Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumulanga, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Botswana kanye ne-Mozambique ukuya KwaZulu-Natal.
Ibuthelelolwazi ngomangwawo
Njengeminye imihlobo yeenkghopha nofana amazambana wentaba (Mountain Aloe) asetjenziswa njengeenhlahla zokulapha ezinengi, lapho amaZulu asebenzisa ikari kanye nemirabhu ebiliswako ukulwa neembungu ezisitjhabalilisi begodu amanye amasiko alisebenzisela amalwelwe akhambelana namathumbu kanye nobulwelwe beempera.
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Igama lomndenazo elijayelekileko
Wrasse
Elinye igama ebizwa ngalo
Lipfishes
Igama lesayensi
Labridae
Ubukhulu
Ingakhula beyibe ma-2,5m, ubuncani bazo ziba masenthimitha amatjhumi amane nahlanu.
Ikambiso Yokufanisa
Inomzimba omude wamahlangothi asipara. Inelungu langemhlana ethaya ngalo eliqaqadako. Umsilayo uvamise ukuba rondo, ezinye ziba nohlukaniseke kabili, wakheke njenge forogo begodu ubumbeke njengomkhonto. Amaphepha akha isikhumba sayo abutjhelelezi.
Inombala okhanya khudlwana begodu kulula khulu ukuyibona hlangana neemilo ngemanzini- inombala o-orentji okukhanya khudlwana, osarulana, ohlaza sasibhakabhaka, omhlophe, ohlaza satjani kanye nonzima. Amadzinyanazo avamise ukuhlula khudlwana nalezo ezidala ngamibala.
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Umndeni wama-Labridae wakhiwe mikhakhawo ematjhumi asithandathu nethoba kanye nemihlobazo ema-500. Zitholakala ngobunengi khulu hlangana neemilo zangemanzini. Zinokutholakala nesandeni yaphasi esithomeni samanzi, hlangana notjani bangemanzini kanye nahlangana namatje angemanzini.
Zikghona ukutjhugulula ubulili bazo nange kufa eduna nengebusako (sexually dimorphic). Ezincani zaso zisebenza njengalezo ezihlwengisako hlangana neemilo namarholorholo wangemanzini. Zimhlobo obekelela amaqanda ngaphakathi komhlobo welwandle elivulekileko (Pelagic spawners).
Ukudla Kwazo
Ziphila ngokudla imihlobo yeemilo ama-zooplankton iimfesi kanye neenlwanyana zomhlobo onganamgogodlha ezifana nemihlobo yenizoka, iinkala, brittlestars, kanye nama-shrimps.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Zitholakala kiwo woke amalwandle womhlaba wezinga elifuthumeleko kanye nelitjhisako.
Imihlobazo ejayelekileko
Goldsaddle wrasse - Bodianus perditio
Lyretail wrasse - Bodianus anthioides
Napoleon wrasse - Cheilinus undulatus
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Ukufuya iinyosi kungabamdlalo owangaphandle okarisako, kodwana kungabalirhwebo eliletha inzuzo. Abafuyi beenyosi abazifuya ngomcopho wokwenza inzuzo bazokurhona kobana basabalalise imisebenzi yoku-pollinator imikhiqizo ehlobene neenyosu efana neliju, i-propolis kanye ne-wax begodu zingarhona ukufundisa abafuyi abatjha beenyosi. Ukufuya iinyosi, nanyana kunjalo, msebenzi obudisi kodwana kupha ngitjho nomfuyi wazo osathomako inzuzo yeliju.
Ihlangano ye-South African Bee Industry Organisation (SABIO) uhlukanisa hlangana nabantu abafuya iinyosi njengomdlalo nanyana njengento ebayithandako (lapha banezindlu zeenyosi eziyi-100) kanye nalaba abazifuyela ukurhweba ngazo lapha bafuye iinyosi ezihlangana ezinezindlu ezihlangana kweziyi-10 ukuya ku-150. Izindlwezi kuvamise bona zibekwe bezitlhogonywelwe mzima oma-co-operative nanyana ama-project wokuthuthukisa umphakathi.
Ngaphambi kokobana uthome irhwebo lokufuya iinyosi, khumbula lokhu: Ukufuya iinyosi kufana nokufuya ezinye iinlwane - kufanele uzitlhogomele, ngokuqiniseka bona ziphilile, begodu ziphephile, zinikudla, amanzi nokobana kunesikhundla sokobana zikhule. Godu, ukufuya iinyosi kungabamsbenzi omkhulu. Ukutlhogomela izindlu zeenyosi kumsebenzi obudisi. Uzokutlhoga ukutlhogomela izindlu ezibudisi ezizele iliju, bogodu ukufudusa iinyosi uzisusa ku-apiary to apiary for pollination. Ehlobo, uzokutlhoga ukuhlola izindlu zeenyosi qobe veke - ukuze ubone bona umhlambi sele uneendlovukazi ezincani na, iinkhundla ezaneleko zokubana zingezelele abentwabazo nokuhlola bona aziguli na.
Izinto Ozitlhoga Ukufuya Iinyosi
Lokha nawuthoma ukufuya iinyosi, uzokutlhoga izinto ezine:
Uzokutlhoga ukufunda ngeenyosi kanye nokuzifuya. Into yokuthoma okuzokufanela bona uyizwisise kokobana uhleleke njani umhlambi weenyosi. Uzokutlhoga ukwazi kobana umkhumbulo wazo usebenza njani, amalwelwe weenyosi, imisebenzi yeenyosi ezihlukeneko ezindlwini zazo nokobana iinyosi zibuthelela njani ukudla ebhodulukweni.
Into yesibili umfuyi omutjha weenyosi utlhoga indawo lapha azokubeka khona izindlu zeenyosi. Lokhu kungabasengadini, emithini (isibonelo i-eucalyptus) nanyana esimini yeentjalo ezihlumako (isibonelo ama-anyanisi).
Kwesithathu abafuyi abatjha beenyosi bazokutlhoga izindlu zeenyosi kanye nomhlambi wazo. Izindlu ezihle zeenyosi zenza bona kubelula ukuzitlhogomela, begodu zizokwenza bona iinyosi ziphephe begodu zirhone ukwakha amakhekheba ezizokukhulisela kizo abantwabazo.
Kokugcina kuqakathekile ukobana ube nezambatho ezivikela ukulunywa zinyosi begodu namanye amathulusi wokusebenza eenyosini.
Qiniseka bona awuna-allergy yokulunywa ziinyosi. Khumbula, kuvamise bona umuntu one-allergy yokulunywa ziinyosi angatjengisi lokha inyosi imluma kokuthoma, i-allergy ingathoma ukuzitjengisa lokha nasele ulunywe kanengi. Khuluma nodorhodere wakho ukwenzela bona uhlale unenhlahla ezifaneleko.
Boke abafuyi beenyosi batlhoga ukuzitlolisa emnyangweni wezokulima-/Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF). Ungazitlolisa hlangana kwezi-1 zaka Tjhirhweni kanye nezi-31 zakaNtaka smahla. Zuma i-DAFF uzokurhona uthola ifomu lokuzitlolisa.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe
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Amalwelwe ahlangana nezinto ezinobungozi khulu emkhiqizweni weenkukhu, ekurholela bonyana kugcine sele kuba nanani eliphezulu elibobekako ebafuyini bomhlaba zombelele. Nanyana kuneenhlahla ezingasetjenziswa ukulapha amalwelwe la, kodwana kunalawo malwelwe ekunganapengu yawo (funda ngokuzeleko mayelana namalwelwe weenkukhu la).
Ukwenza umonakalo omukhulu, inengi lamalwelwe la avame ukusabalala njengomlilo womango ngombana iinkukhu zivame ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa nalaphoh zitjhidelene khulu khona begodu zidla bezisele amanzi ndawonye. Indlela ephuma phambili yokulawula amalwelwe la kukhandela amalwelwe la angakathomi.
Kuneendlela ezine ekungakhandelwa ngazo amalwelwe la, ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuvikela iinlwani bona zingabanjwa bulwelwe ngokuhlala uzihlolisela ngaso soke isikhathi (sound biosecurity measures), ukuthelela iinhlahla ezisebenza ukulwisana nokugula emzimbeni (vaccination), ukuqinisekisa bonyana zihlala endaweni ehlwengekileko (good hygiene) kanye nokulawula ukugandeleleka komkhumbulo (stress management).
Iinsetsenziswa Zokulapha
Abakhiqizi kufuze bathathe igadango ngemva kokubona amatshwayo wokuthoma wobulwelwe ukwenzela ukubuvimba bonyana bungarhatjheki bebudlulele nakezinye iinkukhu nofana kobunye ubujamo budlulele kezinye iinlwani nofana ebantwini. UmNyango wezokuLima uyelelisa abafuyi bonyana bahlukanise iinkukhu ezigulako nalezo ezingaguliko begodu bagcine ngezigulako ukubamba ngesikhathi somkhiqizo.
Kufuze kubozwe ngokurhaba isazi nofana udorhodera weenlwani nakubonakala amatshwayo asolisako ukuthi azokuhlola bonyana yini unobangela walokho. Isazi nofana udorhodere weenlwani loyo uzokuhlaziya ngokuhlolisisa ezinye zalezo ezigulako begodu athathe ingazi nofana isampula yamaqanda, ukuze akghone ukuthola unobangela wobulwelwe obuqubukileko.
Ukwenzela ukuvikela bonyana kungabi nokuqubunga kobulwelwe esikhathini esisezako, umfuyi kanye nesazi seenlwani kuzakufanele bahlole yoke indlela ekukhiqizwa ngayo ukwenzela bonyana bathole imiraro edinga ukurarululwa ukwenzela ukuvikela ukuqubuka kobulwelwe esikhathini esisezako.
Ukulatjhwa nokulawulwa kuzokuya ngonobangela wobulwelwe, ukusuka esihlahleni esilwisana nokukhula kwamagcikwana (antibiotics) ukuya ekususeni iinkukhu.
Abanye babakhiqizi basebenzise iinhlahla ezilwisana nokukhula kwegcikwanezi ukwenzela ukuvala isikhala sokuhlulwa kulawula ngendlela efaneleko ngaphambili, nokho ukwanda kweenghonghoyilo mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwesihlahla esilwisana nokukhula kwamagcikwanesi kwenze bonyana abanengi bayisebenzise ngendlela efaneleko. Kezinye iinarha abakhiqizi abasakghoni bonyana bathenge iihlahlezi (antibiotics) ngaphandle komtlolo obalayela lokho oveka esazini seenlwani.
Lokha nawusebenzisa iinhlahlezi, abakhiqizi kufanele babeke bebasebenzise iinsetjenziswezi kuhle ngokuya ngemithethwakhona. Ukusebenzisa iinhlahlezi ngokulandela imithetho ebekiweko, akuqinisekisi bonyana sizakusebenza kuhle kwaphela, kodwana nokobanyana sizakwenza bonyana kungabi nokungasasebenzi kwaso ngokuya kwesikhathi.
Abafuyi kufuze bahlale bakhumbula isikhathi ekufanele sihlale ngaphambi komkhiqizo – ngamanye amezwi kuthiwa isikhathi sangaphambi kokubekelwa kwamaqanda nofana inyama ukusuka esikhathini sokusebenzisa iinhlahlezi begodu bangekhe bathengisa iinkukhu ngemva kokuzifaka isihlahlesi – lokhu kuqinisekisa bonyana umkhiqizwabo ukhambisana nobuncani obulayelwa mthetho weSewula Afrika.
Translated by Johannes Nkosinathi
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Igama
Udahla oneendlebe zakamaphelaphelana [Otocyon megalotis]
Appearance
Udahla oneendlebe zakamaphelaphelana inomzimba omeruzelako onzinyana onomsila odwenyana nomthente phezulu. Into ebonakala khulu ziindlebe lezi ezikulu, ezinzima ngaphandle ikhisibe ngaphakathi ziimhlophe. Ipumulo ede ehlabako, inzinyana phezulu bese iba mhlophe ngaphasi. Umhlobo weenlwanyana omncani lo unobude obuma-300 mm ukufika emahlombe bese ubude bayo bulinganiselwa kuma-800 mm. UBukhulu bungaba hlangana ne-3-5 kg.
Ukudla ekudlako
Banamaiznyo adweni khulu lokhi kwenza bona badle iinlwanyana ezincani kwaphela, iinthelo. Ukudla ezikudlako khulu kubizwa bona yi- harvester termites. Zidla ngomndeni.
Ukukhulisa
Abodahla abancani ababili ukuya kabahlanu bayabelethwa ngemva kwesikhathi engaba malanga ama-60 izithwele. Abodahla abancani babelethwa phakathi kwenyanga uSewula nalokha nakuthoma uTjhirhweni. Abantwanyana babodahla bayaliswa bazikhulele ngemva kweemveke ezilitjhumi. Ukukhula kanye nokuthoma kwazo ukulalana kuthoma epilweni yesibili.
Ukuziphatha
Udahla oneendlebe zakamaphelaphelana vele ubonakala ebusku, uyazifihla emini emigojaneni. Abodahla besilisa bagada abantwana lokha nabazifihlileko, bese abasikazi bona bapha abantwana ukudla. Lapha edla khona kulapha kunemitjhanyana nemithwane emincani emangweni lokho kwenza bonyana zikwazi ukubona kuhle izitha zazo. Lokha nazibalekela izitha zazo njengesibandana esidla inyama iyabaleka ngokungena etjanini bese itimele ingasabonakala kuhle.
Batholakala kuphi?
Batholakala khulu eSewula ye-Afrika kanye nangePumalanga ye-Afrika zibonakala eendaweni ezomileko. Okwanje zitholaka khulu eCape Peninsula ukuyokufika eCape Agulhas. Ngaphandle kokungathandwa balimi kodwana yona isesekhona kilezo ndawo.
Amanowutsi
Okutjhejeka khulu ngodahla oneendlebe zakamaphelaphelana kukobana nawukhambako ukhamba uvale iindlebezi ziqale phasi, ikakhulazi lokha nazidlisa abamtwana bazo. Zithanda ukujama kenye nenye indawo, zilalelisise, bese ukusuka lapho ziyagubha nofana zirhabe zikhambe. Iindlebe zazo zikghona ukuzwa iinunwana neenlwanyana ezincani ezikhamba ngaphasi ehlabathini.
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Igama
Ikatsu Womango
Ukukwakheka nokuvela kwakhe
Umhlobo wakakatsu omatsikana begodu uphakame ngesilinganiso esimamilimitha amakhulu amahlanu (500 mm). Isikhumba sakhe ukusuka emhlana, emahlangothini kanye nemsileni sinamabala anoboya obuzotho njengegolide, kanye nemida namacatjhaza anzima ehla nomgogodlha kanye nemahlangothini womsila.
Umhlobo lo kakatsu unemilenze emide khulu nawutheja ubukhulu bomzimbakhe, nokho unomzimba wesilinganiso esingaba magadango amathathu ubude, kuthi ukuphakama kwakhona kubalelwe ema-iintjini amasumi amabili. Unjalo nje unehloko encani kodwana ede, eneendlebe ezirondo ezirhabiswe ngamabala anzima kanye nemida emhlophe ngemuva. Kutholakele bonyana ukatsu lo usebenzisa amabala nofana imida eseendlebeni ukukhuluma neminye imihlobo yekhabo. Umhlobo omunye wabokatswaba ongonzima tshu (Melanistic), utholakala eendaweni ezimidzwele nofana eeyalweni kanye nemahlathini amakhulu aminyeneko.
Ukudlaidayethi
Ukudla kwakhe kufaka hlangana amakhondlo, khulukhulu umhlobo wamakhondlo owaziwa nge-vlei rats. Iinyoni, iinrhwarhwa, iinunwana, iinlwanyana ezirhurhubako ezincani, kanye neemfesi izidlela ukungezelela kilokho ephilangakho
Ukuzala nokukhulisa
Bazala amadzinyana nofana abokatswana abangaba bathathu ukuya kabana eenkhothini eziminyeneko nofana ngaphasi kweenthurhu ezimilako. Bavamise ukuzala khulu ekupheleni kwehlobo ngemva kwesikhathi sekambiso yokumitha esimalanga angaba masumi asithandathu nobunane ukuya kamasumi alikhomba nambili (68-72 days). Bavamise nokuzalela ngaphakathi kwemigodi, kodwana ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabokatswana, unina ubathuthusa kanengi ukuya eendaweni ezinye zokubhaqa.
Lokhu ngokhunye okwenza bona ukutjhejwa kabokatswana kubenzima. Uphila njenge Hlosi, ngokuthi kufanele ahlale atjhiya amadzinyanakhe ukwenzela bona ayokuzuma. Nasele amadzinyana akhule kangangobana angakghona ukuzuma, unina ukhipha lawo aduna emhlambini. Kuthi asikazi ahlale emhlambini kufikela lapho sele alungele ukujarhwa. Ngemva kobana sele alungeleu kujarhwa unina uyawakhipha emhlambini ukwenzela bona ayokuthoma wawo umhlambi.
Ukuziphatha kwabo
Bavamise ukuphila ngamunye ngaphandle kwalokha abasikazi nabalandelwa madzinyanabo kanye nangesikhathi sokujarha. Umhlobolo wabokatsu utshwaya ikhaya labo ngomnukwabo nangephunga, ikhaya labo livamise ukuba silinganiso esimakhilomitha alisumi nahlanu ukuyakamasumi amathathu (15-30 km). Batshwaya iinkhundla zabo ngomthondo kanye nangothuvi. Abokatsu abaduna bafinyelela eendaweni ezikude ukudlula abasikazi. Lomhlobo uvamise ukuzuma ebusuku ngokusebenzisa amehlo kanye netjhada ukudlula ukunukelela, unjalo nje mhlobo wesilwani esiyelela khulu begodu kunzima ukusithola nofana ukusibamba.
Eendaweni ze-Afrika ngesinye seenlwani esingakabi ukuthikanyezwa khulu, begodu sitjhagala khulu ekuseni nentambama. Banjalo nje banesiphiwo esihle sokuzuma, bakghona ukuzwa nesilwanyana esikhamba ngaphasi kwehlabathi. Nabezwa bona kunesilwanyana esikhamba khambako, uyakhukhutha akhambe buthaka, kuthi ngemva kokubona ukuthi singakuphi avele asibhudungele. Njenga bokatsu bekhaya nawo lomhlobo esikhathini esinengi uvamise ukudlaladlala ngokudla kwakhe ngaphambi kobana akudle.
Umhlobo lo wabokatsu uneendlela ezinengi zokulila nofana enza ngazo itjhada, kufaka hlangana ukubhodla, ukukhafula, ukuroroza, kanye nephimbo eliphezulu alisebenzisa ukubiza abanye abokatsu. Nabazivikelako bavamise ukuphakamisa umhlanabo begodu baroroze khudlwana.
Indawoyokuhlala/ ikhaya/ isikhundla
Bathanda ukuhlala eendaweni ezimanzi, emidzweleni nofana eeyalweni, kanye netjanini obude. Nokho imiphumela le imayelana nedlanzana lokusabala kwalabo abatholakala eduze.
Laphozitholakalakhona
Enarheni yeSewula Afrika isilwanesi sitholakala eencenyeni zesiFunda seTlhagwini, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal, Drakensberg kanye neLesotho. Zithathwa njengeenlwani eziyindlala khulu kwamabala erherhweni elibizwa nge-Red Data Book.
Amanabazo / iinlwani ezidla abokatswaba
Amanabazo wemvelo afaka hlangana iimppisi, izinja zomango ze-Afrika kanye nezingwe.
Iimbalobalo ngepilwazo ezirhunyeziweko
Igama lesi-Latin: Leptailurus serval
Isilinganiso sobudisi (esikazi): 8,6 - 11,8 kg
Isilinganiso sobudisi (eduna): 8,6 - 13,5 kg
Isilinganiso sobude (esikazi): 110 cm
Isilinganiso sobude (eduna): 110 cm
Isikhathisekambisoyokumitha: 2 months
Inani/ isibalo samadzinyana/abokatswana: 1 - 3 kittens
Umhlobo/irhemo: Carnivora
Umndenabo: Felidae
Ukuzala nokukhulisa: Zivamiseukuzala idzinyana linye ukuya kamane ukusuka ngenyanga kaKhukhulamungu ukuya kuSihlabantangana, ngemva kwesikhathi sekambiso yokumitha esiziinyanga ezimbili.
Ihlathululongemitlhalazo
Nayicathaniswa nethwana umhhlobo lo kakatsu (serval) uneenyawo ezinemitlhala emincani, neentende ezibhodokileko nofana izibonakala kwanga zigobene beghodu iintende zaphambili azibonakali kuhle. Nokho imitlhalazo ayikavamisi ukukhombisa ukubhodokokhu.
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Igama
Ipofu [Taurotragus oryx]
Ukuvela nokwakheka kwayo
Iinyamazana zepofu eziduna zikhula beziphakame ngemithara eli-1.7 kanye nesilinganiso sobudisi esingaba makhilogremu amakhulu alithoba. Nanyana zibonakala ngomzimba omkhulu nje zimsinya khulu begodu iinkunzi ezikhulu zikghona ukweqa isibiyelo sedrada. Zinelunda emahlombe kanye nesikhumba elilengeleleko entanyeni. Zombili eziduna kanye nezisikazi zineempondo ezide eziqale ngemuva, kukhe kwarekhodwa ubude beempondo ezingaba yimithara eyodwa. Ezisikazi zincani kunalezo eziduna, zinesilinganiso soubudisi obungaba makhilogremu ama-450. Eziduna zinebala elinzima epandla elivale isikhumba esizotho okukhanyako. Zombili eduna nesikazi zineskhumba sombala ozotho okukhanyako, begodu zinemida emhlophe efifiyelako emahlangothini neletha umehluko kilezi iinyamazana.
Ukudla
Iinyamazanezi ziphila ngokukhama zizuma iintjalo zomango ezihlukahlukeneko. Zikghona ukuhlala isikhathi eside zingaseli amanzi, kodwana lokho zikuvikela ngokudla iinthelo zomhlobo we-Tsamas nekhukhumba ye-Gemsbok ukususa ukoma.
Ukukhulisa nokuzala
Nanyana inyazana le inganaso iskhathi sonyaka ezala ngaso, kodwana kuneenyanga lapho kubonakele khona amakonyana azalwa ngobunengi. Ikonyana elilodwa lizalwa ngemva kwesikhathi sekambiso yokumitha ezingaba ziinyanga ezilithoba, begodu amakonyana akghona ukugijima nomhlambi ngemva kwama-awara azelwe.
Ukuziphatha
Okhunye okukarisako ngomhlobo lo wenyamazana kukuthi unendlela ehle yokukhulisa nokuvikela amakonyanayo. Lokha zisahlelwa ziimbandana eziyingozi, iinkunzi zakhona ezikulu zijama ngaphambili kuthi amakonyana kanye nalezo esimithi zijamele ngemuva zivikeleke. Njengombana imihlambi le ikhamba iindawo ezinengi ezikude zizumana namadlela ahlaza, iinkunzi ezilawula imihlambi aziyidlali indima yokuvikela lezo ezikude nalapho zihlala khona. Nanyana kunjalo ngesikhathi sokujarha iinkunzi zikhombisa amatshwayo wobumnini kunye newokulawula.
Indawo yokuhlala
Zithanda ukutholakala endaweni engasilo irhalawumbi ngokuzeleko, lapho kunotjani kanye neenkhotha ezilula kanye namadlelo asendaweni ezisetlhagwini yendawo ye-Orange river, ukuya emahlatjhaneni waKwaZulu Natal. Mhlobo wenyamazana etjhagala khulu ngomnyama, ikhamaba idla iintjalo ezimumethe amanzi ukwenzela nofana umbethe ngombana lokho kuyisiza bona isuse ukoma njengomba iyinyamazana ekulu ephila eendaweni ezinganamanzi.
Lapho zitholakala khona
Iinyamazanezi zitholakala khulu eenciwini zeenbamndana zeSewula Afrika, begodu seziyatholakala neendaweni lapho ekhezabonakala khona zaqimela.
Iinwani ezidla ipofu/iinlwani eziyingozi epilweni yepofu
Iinyamazana ezidala zibulawa mabhubezi kanye neempisi kwaphela, kodwana amakonyana wona abulawa bekadliwe ziinlwani ezincazana ezinengi eziphila ngenyama kwaphela ezifaka hlangana iinhlosi, izingwe, kanye nezinja zomango
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Ilanga ngelange-16 kuMgwengweni 1976. Ekutjhideleni kwelangeli, into ekarisako yathanyela indawo. Ilizwi larhatjheka njengomlilo ongabonakaliko. Ilutjha elinzima livikela ifihlo khulu. Ngitjho nabotitjhere nofana ababelethi babo begade bangazi ngomtjhagalo ohleliweko.
Ilizwe lizokurareka ekuseni kwalobu ubusika, njengombana iindaba zivele zavuza mayelana nomtjhagalo wokulwisana ne-Bantu education kanye nelimi le-Afrikaans elisetjenziselwa ukupha imilayo kanye nelokukhulunywa nguye woke umuntu. Ithoma eSoweto, irhatjhekela e-Alexandra, eduze nePitori yalokha, (esele ibizwa ngeTshwane), ngobunjala amalangabawo aluleka.
Lokha ababikiindaba bakhandelwa ukungena eSoweto, uDorh Peter Magubane besele angaphakathi endaweni yezehlakalo, ajame kuhle ngeensetjenziswa zakhe. Isotja lekhamera. Ebanganeni ubona intuthu enzima ethusako, nekulitshwayo lokuthi kukhona esele kwenzakalako. Ufahla hlangana nazo iindawezi.
UDorh Magubane uneenthombe ezinengi khulu zangomhlaka-16 kuMgwengweni ukudlula nanyana ngimuphi umthathiinthombe. Iinthombe zombala onzima nomhlophe zabemtwana besikolo bagijima babaleka ukuphapha kweenkule zesigidi ebegade kuhloswe ngazo ukubabulala. Ebusweni babo begade kudlangene ukuthukwa kanye nokulwela itjhaphuluko. Kusikhathi esikhulu setjhuguluko mayelana nokugandelelwa kwendawo , esagadangiswa nguDorh Magubane.
Kobunye ubujamo, lokha uDorh Magubene nebegade aragela phambili nokufoda ukuragela phambili kwevukela mbuso, amapholisa asahlela usokhamera bekamphula nepumulo. Bamtjela bonyana atjhise ifilimu lokubulungela imigadangiso ngaphakathi kwekhamera, ukwenzela ukukona iinthombe ebezingaphakathi.
U-Peter utshwenya kulahlekelwa sithombe ukudlula ubuso bakhe. Iphasi lidinga ukubona ubumbi obungaphikekiko, ubumbi obunobuhlanya bebandlululo ebufodwe bebagcinwa ngaphakathi kwamafilimu. Ngokukhamba kwaloyo mnyaka, osasazela abahlali be-Mzimhlophe Hostel bonyana basahlele abahlali belokitjhini, u-Peter usebenza ebusuku ukugadangisa umguruguru lowo. Nakadlula i-Diepkloof ekhaya endleleni eya e-ofisini lamaphepha ubona ikhaya lakhe litjha.
Uphelelwa mamandla nakabukela umakhiwo ugirikela phasi. Nangomnyaka ka-1976 kuRhoboyi wavalelwa amalanga ali-123 namanye amadoda anzima – ngeminye imizamo enganamsebenzi yokulinga ukukhandela imisebenzakhe bonyana ingavezi ukurhayilwa kwabantu libandlululo.
Kesinye isikhathi umsebenzi kaMagubane begade ukhamba phezu kwemizwani yabanye. Nakathola ukuthuselwa, utjho ngesibindi bonyana, ‘Angamukeli ukuthuselwa!’ uyindoda enekani, evamise ukusilingwa kuvalelwa indlela. Inengi labantu lizifumana lithobela iimphathi mandlezi.
Ngemva kwakho koke, uragele phambili waphakama ngokulwisana noRhulumende weZweloke begodu wathumba. Akusi kunengi kangako okungathusa u-Peter Magubane.
Kubuhlungu ukubuyise okwadlulako, kodwana ukwenza ngesineke. ‘Kanengi emsebenzinami benginokuthola umuntu atlhaga, begodu lapho asebujameni bokuhlongakala’, kodwana iinthombe begade ziza phambili. “Begade kwenzeka nasele ngise khaya, lapho ngizibuza khona, nginzani vele?” kodwana elangeni elilandelako, begade kubuyelwa eentradeni ngiphethe ikhamerami esandleni. Begade arholwa ikolelo yokuthi, ;Iphasi lizakuphendula!’
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UDorh Peter Magubane ufika eSoweto ngeendlela ezimazombezombe. U-Peter uphenya lapho kupakwe khona iququ kanye neendaweni zamalahle mayelana nokusetjenziswa kwabentwana abancani. Ukubakhona kwakhe kuletha omkhulu umehluko. Isifiso esamurholako bonyana avumbulule ukurhayilwa eminyekeni yebandlululo liragela phambili nokumenza bonyana akhombise ukusiphalaza kokuhlalisana komphakathi kwananmhlanje.
UDorh u-Magubane utjhayela ngaphakath endaweni yenkorokoro nofana izinto ezingasasebenziko. Kuyindawo yamathuna wamasenka. Umagubane ufunana nabesanyana abasebenza la. Balise isikolo ukwenzela ukuzokurhola amaranda amahlanu kwaphela ngelanga ngokuthi babuthelele bebathengise iinkorokoro zamasenka neensimbi. ‘Inengi labo lizidlalela imidlalo, begodu abakwazi ukuqakatheka kwefundo,’ ullinga ukuhlathulula indaba ihlangahlangeneko.
Kesinye isikhathi uMagubane begade angenzi kwekhamera kodwana agcine sele asiza abantu abafodako. Eminyakeni edlulileko, wasiza abantu abanengi ababalekako bonyana bahlangane nebabelethi babo godu. Uhlathulula bonyana bekangangeneleli ukufikela, ‘Beza kimi bangibize “Madala! Madala!", “ngifuna ukuya ekhaya.” Bahlanu kwaphela kabamatjhumi amathathu abentazana nabesana abasizako bese babuyela eentradeni.
Wafinyelela lapho ajamakhona okulandelako. Kuseqadi kwendlela yesikontiri ekabeni ye-Jabulani coal yard. Eentatjaneni ezincani ezimibundu yokupakelelweko eendaweni eziseduze nazo. Umma omncani uphanyeka izembatho ezikhanyako edradeni, kuthi umntwana omsanyana udlala lapho kusilaphazeke khona.
Iinrurhu zeenkukhu zipakwe yoke indawo begodu eziimbalwa ezifahlileko zibuthelela ndawonye. Kunephunga elimbi elimbethe umoya woke. Ukuthoma ekuseni ngokuphuma kwelanga, ilutjha lisunduza iinkarana zabodumbana ezinamalahle abudisi ukwenzela ukuwasa lapho kufanele khona, iSoweto yoke.
Ebusika isibhakabhaka sisithwa yintuthu yemililo yamalahle. ‘kufuthumele la begodu banezindlu.’ UMagubane uhlola ngefesidere. Bayasetjenziswa, batlhaga ngendlela ethusako,ikinga ekulu abentwanaba abacalene nayo namhlanje, uzizwa bonyana kukuthi, ‘ngaphandle kokuzaza, yifundo.
Ngaphandle kwefundo, akukho ongakwenza!’ Enye yeendoda eziqinileko yabona umthathiinthombe. ‘Ngomunye wabesana bami,’ uMagubane uyathokoza. ‘Sele aneminyaka asebenza la.’ ‘Kuzwisa ubuhlungu ukuthi umsana amfoda ngomnyaka ka-1970 ungunobangela omrholele endabeni yamalahle namhlanje mayelana nelutjha.
Begade athintana naye, nje-ke utjhiya i-Armageddon eyande ngendawo emanzi bese aye eentradeni ze-Zola, lapho abentwana abangaphasi kweminyaka yobudala bahlobisa khona iincenye zesiphetho seendlela kanye nemaphageni begodu udlula umfazi onehloko eqinileko otjhayela isitulo sakhe samavilo encenyeni engesinceleni sendlela.
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Ukukhenwa kweenthelo, imirorho kunye nokhunye ukudla okufana neemfesi nokudla okuphekelwe futhi kufaka hlangana ukuvala kuhle amabhodlelo amumethe ukudlokho ukwenzela bona angangenwa mumoya nokufaka imikhiqizo leyo ku-treatment etjhisako. Ngesikhathi sendlela yokwenza lesi, ama-microbes abanga amalwelwe ayabulawa ngokutjhugulula kancani indlela umkhiqizo ebekade ungayo ekuthomeni. Ukukhena kwenza bona imikhiqizo ingaboli msinya beyitholakale nalokha selekudlule nesikhathi sokuvunwa kwaloyo mkhiqizo.
Nanoma igama elithi ‘canning’ litjho ukusetjenziswa kwamakotikotana wesimbi, indlela yokwenza lena yenziwa nemakotikotini afana newerhalasi, iinkhwama ezilaminethiweko, amatreyi weemplastiki kunye nezitja.
Translated by Maletsatsi Sejake
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NGIBAMBILE
Ngo GameKyuubi 2013/12/18open in new window
Ngisithayiphe kabili leso sihloko ngoba bengazi ukuthi besingakalungi ekuthomeni. Nanje asikalungi. w / e.
Ama-GF azikhuphe endaweni yokucima ukoma yabantu bengubo abaqomene nabanye abantu bengubo, i-BTC iyamotjheka KUBAYINI NGIBAMBILE? Ngizokutjela ukuthi kubayini.
Kungoba ngimrhwebi omumbi begodu NGIYAZI UKUTHI NGIMRHWEBI OMUMBI. Iye, nina barhwebi abahlakaniphileko niyakwazi ukubona amathuba amahle wokurwheba njalo nje begodu nenze isigidi semali, kulungile akunakinga mfo.
Ngokunjalo, labo abanganasibindi bathi OH AWA IYEHLA NGIYOKUTHENGISA he he he bese bathi OH ZIMU lokha abarhwebi ABAHLAKANIPHILEKO ABAZIKO UKUTHI BENZANI nabathengako, kodwana uyazini? Angisiyo ingcenye yesiqhema leso. Abarhwebi nabathengako, ngivele sengiyingcenye yemali yemakethe. Ngakho-ke, QAGELA UKUTHI NGUBANI OMUKHOHLISAKO, abarhwebi bemini HHAYI MINA ~!
Imibhalo leyo ethi "OHH BEKUFANELE UKUTHI UTHENGISE" IYE AWA. AWA BEKUFANELE NGITHENGISE. BEKUFANELE NGITHENGISE IMIZUZWANA NGAPHAMBI KOKUTHENGISA OKUNYE NOKUNYE BESE NGITHENGE IMIZUZWANA NGAPHAMBI KOKUTHENGA OKUNYE NOKUNYE, KODWANA UYAZINI, AKUSIWO WOKE UMUNTU OHLAKANIPHE NJENGAWE.
Uthengisa kwaphela emakethe engakaphephi nawumrhwebi wemini ohlakaniphileko nofana nawumrhwebi omutjha okhohlisiweko. Abantu abangakahlakaniphi nofana bangasibatjha abathengisi emakethe engakaphephi.
Emdlalweni we-zero-sum ofana nalo, abarhwebi bathatha imali yakho kwaphela nawuthengisako.
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Via Afrika isiNdebele Mathematics Grade 3 Workbook
R71.90
The Via Afrika Workbooks have been developed to give additional learning opportunities when used with the Learner’s Book. The Workbook allows the teacher to keep all the learner’s written practise work in one place for ease of reference. The Workbook also allows parents and caregivers to see their child’s progress.
Description
IimBalo mkhakha okarisako osisiza ngokuzwisisa iphasi elisizungezileko, begodu unyaka lo uzokufunda okunengana ngazo. Uzokusebenza ngamajamo, amakhalenda, namawatjhi. Uzokufunda iindlela ezitjha zokusebenzisa iinomboro, begodu uzokuthola izinto emebheni. Le ngeminye imisebenzi embalwa ekarisako ekujameleko ngemakhasini wencwadi le.
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Siyakhula : Iinolwana zeSiyakhula Grades 1-3 (Ndebele) (Approved)
Iindaba ezikulelibuthelelo ziyakarisa begodu zizokukhuthaza ukufundela ukuzithabisa ngombana zitlolelwe abentwana. Iindabezi kungenzeka ziliqiniso namkha zisuselwe ehloko begodu zizokusiza ekuthuthukiseni ithando lokufunda.
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Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry : Behavioral Science/Clinical Psychiatry
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Igama
Ipisi (enamacatjhaza nofana enamabala) [Crocuta crocuta]
Ihlathululo
Hlangana nokhunye eyaziwa ngakho ipisi le kusilwani esiyingozi khulu emahlathini we-savanna e-Afrika, kodwana njenganje sele ibalwa hlangana neenlwazi ezizuma ngepumelelo khulu. Ukubhesa nokukhamba ngendlela engakajayeleki, kanye nesililo nofana umkhosayo kuyakhele isithombe esimbi khulu. Ipisi le ikheyathathwa njengeyomndeni wezinja, kodwana namhlanje sele ithathwa njengesilwani esinamatshwayo wakakatsu.
Ipisi le yaziwa khulu ngesililo sayo esizwakala njenge hleko, begodu kulitjhada eliqakatheke khulu lemahlathini we-Afrika ebusuku. Inehloko ekulu, ibhesele ngemuva begodu imhlobo onekghono elihlukileko lokunukelela. Ezisikazi ngizo ezivamise ukulawula umhlambi begodu zibonakala zizikhulu kunalezo eziduna. Ipisi esikazi inesilinganiso esiphakamileko esimamilimitha amakhulu abunane namasumi amahlanu (850 mm), kanye nobudisi obumakhilogremu amasumi alikhomba (70 Kg), kuthi eziduna zibe nobudisi obumakhilogremu amasumi asithandathu (60 kg).
Ipisi le inombala osarulana kanye namabalabala anzima kanye namagega neendlebe. Ezisikazi zinezitho zangasese ezipheze zibonakale njengezeduna begodu lokho kwenza bonyana kube budisi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kweduna nesikazi.
Iimbalobalo Ngepilwazo Ezirhunyeziweko
Igama lesi-Latin: Crocuta crocuta
Isilinganiso sobudisi (esikazi): 56 - 80 kg
Isilinganiso sobudisi (eduna): 46 - 79 kg
Isilinganiso sobude (esikazi): 1,5 m
Isilinganiso sobude (eduna): 1,5 m
Isikhathi sekambiso yokumitha: 3,5 months
Isibalo/ inani lamadzinyana: 2 (1 - 4)
Ukulungela ukujarha/ ukujarhwa: 2 - 3 years
Isilinganiso sekuzalweni: 1,5 kg
Umhlobo/Irhemo: Carnivora
Umndenazo: Hyaenidae
Ibelo eziligijimako: 60 km/h
Ukudla/Idayethi
Abosolwazi abanengi bangaphikisana bona umhlobo lo wepisi usilwani seSewula ye-Afrika esinepumelelo khulu ekuzumeni eenlwani ezidla inyama kwaphela, nokho nawutjheja isakhiwo sokuphilisana kwazo, kubonakala kusilwani esikarisako tle. Begade ithathwa njengesilwane esiligwala khulu ngaphambilini, kodwana ilwazi elingeneleleko ngomangwalo liveze bona ngesinye seenlwani esibukhali nesiyingozi tle.Izuma ngokuthanda, begodu umhlambi wazo uvamise ukugijimisa amabhubezi uwaqothe eenlwanini ewazibuleleko ukwenzela bona zidle iinsalelezo.
Nanyana kunjalo, imihlambi yeempisi yaziwa ngokuba mhlobo ozuma ngokuzinikela tle begodu zinjalo nje zinamandla wokuvikela ukudla kanye neendingo zokudla kwazo. Zivamise ukudla ezinye iinlwani kanye namadzinanazo begodu zidla nengcuba. Zikghona ukuraga nokulandelela isilwani ezifuna ukusibulalwa ngebelo elingaba makhilomitha amasumi asithandathu nge-awara (60 km/hr) nokubalelwa ebangeni elingaba makhilomitha amathathu.
Iinlwani ezifana neeNyathi kanye nePofu, begodu zisuke zibe yingozi khulu epilweni yeempunzi nofana ama-Gemsbok ezivamise ukubungelelwa mhlambi weempisi.
Ukuzala Nokukhulisa
Amadzinyana avamise ukuzalwa kesinye nesinye isikhathi sonyaka. Lokhu kwenzeka ngemva kwesikhathi sekambiso yokumitha esiziinyanga ezintathu ukuya kezine, begodu kuvame bona kuzalwe amadzinyana amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Amadzinyana azalwa anesilinganiso sobudisi esima-pounds amathathu. Aragela phambili nokumunya iinyanga ezilisumi nambili ukuya kezilisumi nesithandathu. Amadzinyana la aphila ngokumunya ibisi kunina begodu akatlhogi ukudla ngaleso isikhathi. Zivamise ukukhulisela amadzinyana emigodini esebaleni, kodwana imigodi le ivamise ukunakekelwa ngilezo ezidala nofana mhlambi.
Eziduna zona azidlali nencani indima yokukhulisa, ngeziimbalwa ezinetjhudu ezivumeleka bona zitjhidele eduze nemigodi, begodu lapho kuvamise bona lezo ezisesigabeni sokukhula ezisikazi zithuseleka ngokusahlelwa. Ipisi eduna ivamise ukuba nguyise lamadzinyana womhlambi uwoke.
Ukuziphatha
Zimhlobo weenlwani otjhagala khulu ngobusuku, kuthi emini zilale emahlathini aminyeneko nofana emigodini yeenfarigi zomango. Iimpisi ziinlwani eziphila ngemihlambi begodu zivikela umhlambazo nesifunda sazo keminye imihlambi. Amalunga womhlambi avamise ukuphula isakhiwo somhlambi ngokuthi akhambe ayokwakha eminye imihlambi namanye amalunga weminye imihlambi.
Ihlathululo Ngemitlhalazo
Zinemizwani emine eenyaweni zemuva nezemva, omunye nomunye umzwani unezipho elifitjhani kodwana eliqinileko. Iinyawo zayo eziqinileko zaphambii zitshwaya ukhulu bazo beenyawo zaphambili, ezibonakala zizikhulu kunalezo zemuva. Umhlobo lo wepisi edala (Spotted Hyena) mkhulu kunalowo omdala owaziwa ngeyombala ozotho (Brown Hyena).
Lapho Zitholakala Khona
Zizwana nokuhlala eendaweni ezomileko ze-savanna, ezivulekileko, nalezo ezisiquntu seenkhotha ezingana zulu. Nokho ziyindlala eendaweni zeSewula Afrika ngaphandle kwekabeni ye-savannah kanye ne-Skukuza eKruger kanye ne-Kalahari Gemsbok National Parks, esiFundeni seTlhagwini, kanye neendaweni zetlhagwini yaKwaZulu-Natal.
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BEKUSEKUSENI eBrookings, eSouth Dakota, e-USA, kubetha ummoya omakhaza. Kazi phela ummoya lo wangikhumbuza ngobujamo bezulu obumakhaza tle obabutjhidela. Kuzokumangaza ukuthi ngelangelo, bekusiqubutho esincani kwaphela ebesibetjhwa makhaza endlini emakhaza ngaphandle begodu nami bengilapho. Besijame hlanu kwekerebhe ebeyizele ngamanzi amakhaza mpo! Akhengikwendlalele umlandwami kuhle khona uzokuzwisisa.
IPILO YOMNDENEKHAYA
Ngabelethwa ngomhlaka 7 Matjhi 1936, begodu ngingomncani ebantwaneni abane bekhaya. Besihlala eplasini elincani epumalanga yeSouth Dakota. Iplasi kuphela kwento ebeyiqakathekile kwethu, kodwana belingasiyinto eza phambili ekuphileni kwethu. Phela abazali bami babhajadiswa ngomnyaka ka-1934. Yeke ngebanga lokuthi bebazinikele kuJehova ubabethu wezulwini, into ebeyiza qangi ekuphileni kwabo bekukukwenza intandwakhe. UBaba uClarence waba mthintanisi wesihlopha sabadala, bese umalume u-Alfred wangena esikhundleni sakhe ebandleni lethu elincani leConde, eSouth Dakota.
Ukuya esifundweni bekungasiphundi ekhaya, ngitjho nokuyokutjhumayela umuzi nomuzi sitjela abantu ngekusasa elikarisako iBhayibheli elisithembisa lona. Ababelethi bethu kwamambala basibekela isibonelo, begodu ukukhuthala kwabo kwangikhuthaza, kwakhuthaza nabentwana bekhaya. Kazi mina nodadwethu uDorothy sathi nasineminyaka esithandathu saba batjhumayeli. Bese kwathi ngomnyaka ka-1943 ngatlolisa esiKolweni SeKonzo EsingokweZulwini ebesisanda ukuthoma.
Imihlangano emikhulu nemincani nayo besiyithathela phezulu. Komunye umhlangano esaya kiwo wango-1949 eSioux Falls, eSouth Dakota umfoweth’ uGrant Suiter waba sikhulumi esivakatjhileko emhlanganweni loyo. Ikulumo ayithulako ngisayikhumbula kuhle nanje, isihloko sayo besithi “It Is Later Than You Think!” Ekulumwenakhe leyo, watjho wabuyelela bona amaKrestu kufuze asebenzise ukuphila kwawo atjhumayela iindaba ezimnandi zomBuso kaZimu obusako njengombana sikhuluma nje. Lokho kwangikhuthaza bona ngizinikele kuJehova. Umhlangano owalandela wesigodi ebewuseBrookings, kwaba ngimi loya oyokubhajadiswa. Soke nabantwana bakwethu abathathu, sabhajadiselwa ngekerebheni ngomhlaka-12 Novemba 1949.
Nangiqeda ukubhajadiswa ngazibekela umgomo wokuphayona. Kwaba njalo, ngathi nangineminyaka eli-15 ngomhlaka-1 Janabari 1952 ngathoma ukuphayona. IBhayibheli liqinisile nalithi: “Okhambisana nabahlakaniphileko naye uyahlakanipha,” begodu ekhaya bengihlangana nabantu abanengi abahlakaniphileko. Bangisekela ngesiqunto sami sokuphayona. (IzA. 13:20) Bengiphayona nomkhulu uJulius, ngesikhatheso bekaneminyaka ema-60. Ngitjho nanyana besingalingani njalo kodwana besitjhumayela kamnandi khulu sinomkhulu. Kunengi khulu engakufunda elwazini umkhulu ebekanalo ngepilo. NoDorothy naye khenge asariyada, wavele wasijoyina waphayona.
UMBONISI WESIGODI WANGISIZA KHULU!
Kusukela ngisesemncani, bekuthi nakufika ababonisi beengodi nabafazi babo bazokuhlala kwethu. Abatjhadikazi abangisiza khulu nguJesse noLynn Cantwell. Ngibo abangibasela bona ngithome ukuphayona. Ukuzipha kwabo isikhathi nami, kwangenza ngazibekela imigomo yokulotjha uZimu. Bekuthi nabavakatjhela amabandla aseduze nekhaya, ngasikhathi bangibize nami ngikhambe nabo esimini. Maye uthi lokho bekungithabisa begodu kungakha nokungakha na!
Kwathi nase bayokhonza kwenye indawo, iintambo zathathwa nguBud Miller nomkakhe uJoan. Ngesikhatheso-ke mina bengineminyaka eli-18, begodu ngokwekambiso yangekhethu bekufuze ngiyokujoyina zobusotja. Phela bekufuze ngiyokuvela eenkhulwini, bona zinginikele umsebenzi. Manje umraro bekukuthi umsebenzi loyo ngathi nangithi ngiwuqalisisa kuhle, ngabona ukuthi nange ngingawamukela ngizabe angiwalaleli amezwi kaJesu wokuthi singathomi nakancani sifake ipumulo kwezepolotiki. Mina okuphela kwento ebengiyifuna bekukutjhumayela iindaba ezimnandi zomBuso kaZimu. (Jwa. 15:19) Ngazibawa iinkhulu bona zingangifaki lapho, kodwana zingazi ukuthi ngimumuntu olotjha uZimu.
Umfoweth’ uMiller waba ngumabizwa asabele, ngombana wakhamba nami nangifaka isibawo samesi. Lokho kwangikhuthaza khulu tle. Yena mvelo bekamumuntu onomusa begodu nokuthukwa bengakathukwa msinya. Ngaba nesibindi khulu nangizibona ngihlanu komuntu othanda uZimu nonobuntu njengaye nje! Okuthabisa khulu kukuthi isibawo sami savunywa, bekungo-1954 ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Lokho kwangivulela ithuba lokufinyelela omunye umgomo.
Ngazo zona iinkhathezo, ngafumana isimemo sokuyokusebenza eBethel. Yeke ngafika ngasebenza eWatchtower Farm, ebeyiseStaten Island eNew York. Kwaba lilungelo elikhulu kimi ukusebenza iminyaka epheze ibe mithathu lapho. Lokho kwangenza ngabona izinto ezihle khulu, ngombana ngahlangana nabantu abanengi khulu abahlakaniphileko bengasebenza nabo.
NGESIKHATHI NGISEBENZA EBETHEL
Amasimu ebekaseStaten Island bekungasingiwo kwaphela, kodwana godu bekunomrhatjho ebesiwubiza ngokuthi yi-WBBR. Wasetjenziswa boFakazi bakaJehova kusukela ngomnyaka ka-1924 kufikela ngomnyaka ka-1957. Kiwo woke umndeni weBethel, abantu ebebasebenza emasimini bekubabantu abangaba li-15 kufikela kwabama-20. Inengi lethu besisesebancani begodu nelwazi nalo singanalo. Kodwana nokho besisebenza nomzalwana u-Eldon Woodworth, yena-ke bekamkhulu begodu bekakhethelwe ukubusa ezulwini. Kwamambala bekamumuntu ohlakaniphileko. Phela bekangubaba kithi, begodu lokho kwabuqinisa ubuhlobo bethu noZimu. Bekuthi ngasikhathi nasisilingwe kungapheleli kwabanye abantu esisebenza nabo uMfoweth’ uWoodworth athi, “Uyazi kuyakarisa ukubona indlela iKosi ebekezelela ngayo abantu esebenza nabo.”
Maye uthi bekulilungelo na ukuba noMzalwana uFrederick W. NoFranz naye bekayibambe nathi. Ukuhlakanipha bekubuzwa kuye ayisaphathwa-ke yelwazi lakhe lemiTlolo. Lokho kwasisiza khulu ekutheni sithuthuke, begodu bekazipha isikhathi sethu soke. Umpheki wethu bekunguHarry Peterson; besimbiza ngesibongo kunokuthi simbize ngebizo lakhe, ngombana nokho sona besibulula. Ibizo lakhe bekunguPapargyropoulos. Naye-ke bekakhethiwe begodu akunanto ebekayithanda njengesimu. UMfoweth’ uPeterson bekawenza kuhle khulu umsebenzakhe eBethel kodwana akhenge anyefise esimini. Qobe nyanga bekakhambisa amakhulu wabomagazini. Naye ngokunjalo bekalazi ngendlela azazi ngayo iBhayibheli, bekuthi nasinemibuzo asiphendulele yona.
NGAFUNDA OKUKHULU KIBODADWETHU ABAHLAKANIPHILEKO
Besithi singavuna iinthelo, sizithathe sizise efektri ezokufaka emablegeni namkha emabhodlelweni. Qobe mnyaka besenza amalitha angaba zii-42 600 weenthelo, senzela woke umndeni weBethel. Emsebenzini kwamambala benginelungelo lokusebenza no-Etta Huth, bekangumma ohlakaniphileko akhuzi na. Phela nguye obekasenzela ama-recipe efektri yokudla. Nasiphasi phezulu nomsebenzethu wefektri, abanye abodade ebebahlala eduze bebeza bazosisiza ngomsebenzi. Abodade labo nabafika nabo bebatlhoga ukuhlelelwa umsebenzi ekufuze bawenze, nakho lokho bekuqale u-Etta. Kodwana nanyana bekenza yoke imisebenzi le efektri, akhenge athome-ke kwanjesi adelele abazalwana abadosa phambili emsebenzini wamasimu. Nami bekangibekela isibonelo sokuthi kufuze ngizithobe ehlelweni lakaZimu, kwamambala waba sibonelo esihle khulu.
Udadweth’ u-Angela Romano naye ngomunye wabodade ebebasebatjha ebebeza bazokusiza ngomsebenzi wefektri. U-Etta wamsekela khulu udade lo ngesikhathi athoma ukuba nguFakazi. Akhenge kuphelele lapho, kodwana godu ngahlangana nomunye ohlakaniphileko ngesikhathi ngisebenza eBethel, ibizo lakhe ngu-Angie, sikhuluma nje sekuphele iminyaka ema-58 yoke ngihlala naye. Kazi ngikhuluma ngonakwami lapha, mina naye satjhada ngo-Apreli 1958. Solo kwamhlokho, sithabele ukulotjha uZimu sisoke. Kiyo yoke iminyaka le, ukuthembeka kwaka-Angie kuJehova kube mthombo wamandla womtjhadwethu. Mumuntu ongamthemba ngitjho nanyana kungavela imiraro.
NGESIKHATHI SIZINTHUNYWA ZEVANGELI NANGESIKHATHI SIKHAMBELA AMABANDLA
Bese kwathi nakuthengiswa isitetjhi se-WBBR ebesiseStaten Island ngomnyaka ka-1957, ngayokusebenza eBethel yeBrooklyn isikhatjhana. Kwathi nasiqeda ukutjhada sino-Angie, sabona enganatjani. Bese sathi nasiqeda ukuphuma eBethel sayokuphayona eStaten Island. Godu ngakhe ngasebenzela abantu abathenge isitetjhi sethwesa, ngesikhatheso besibizwa ngokuthi yi-WPOW.
Sinomkami besizimisele khulu ukuthi singabi neendleko ezinengi senzele bona nakuvela ithuba lokuyokusiza ndawana, singariyadi. Ngo-1961 kwavela ithuba lokuthi sibe maphayona akhethekileko eFalls City, eNebraska. Kodwana sathi sesithoma ukujwayela indawo, samenyelwa esiKolweni seKonzo somBuso, ngesikhatheso besisathatha inyanga yoke begodu besesiseSouth Lansing, eNew York. Bekumnandi khulu esikolweneso, begodu bekufuze sikusebenzise esakufundako nasibuyela eNebraska. Kwasitjhiya sibambe ongenzasi nasitjelwa ukuthi kufuze siyokuba ziinthunywa zevangeli eCambodia. Sathi nasifikako sathatjiswa yindawo ehle engeSewula ye-Asia, maye ubuhle obungaka! Sabona indawo engakajayeleki enemidumo neminuko ehluke khulu kuleyo esiyaziko. Besizimisele ukurhatjha iindaba ezimnandi endaweni le.
Kodwana ilitje lathoma ukugaya ngomunye umhlathi lokha nakuzokutjhentjha ubujamo bezepolotiki, kwafuze sisiwe eSouth Vietnam. Kodwana eminyakeni emibili kusesemnandi kunjaya, ngabanjwa kugula. Lokho kwenza ukuthi sitjathe imithwadlanethu sibuyela lapha sidabuka khona. Ukugula ebekungiphethokhu akhenge kuphole msinya, kodwana ngathi nase ngilulamile ngabuyela emsebenzinami wokutjhumayela isikhathi esizeleko.
Ngo-Matjhi 1965 saba nelungelo lokukhambela amabandla. Iminyaka ema-33 yoke, mina nomkami u-Angie besikuthabela khulu ukukhambela amabandla wesigodi newesifunda, sikuthabela nokulungiselela imihlangano ngitjho nokuya emhlanganweni. Nakumhlangano wona kwamambala bewungikhuthaza tle, kungebangelo bengingumabizwa asabele ngesikhathi sokuwulungiselela. Eminyakeni ethileko besikhonza eNew York City, sabambela imihlangano eminenganyana eYankee Stadium.
NGESIKHATHI SIBUYELA EBETHEL NEKUBENI NGUTITJHERE WEENKOLO ZEHLANGANO
Kodwana nokho zaba khona iinqabo neentjhijilo, njengombana kwenzeka nakwabanengi abangenela umsebenzi wesikhathi esizeleko, kuba nemisebenzi ezokuphele ikuphe imiraro. Isibonelo salokho ngilesi, ngomnyakak ka-1995 abafowethu bangibawa bona ngiyokuba ngutitjhere wesiKolo seKonzo somBuso. Bese kwathi nakuphela iminyaka emithathu, sabizwa bona siyokusebenza eBethel. Kwangithabisa khulu ukubuyela lapho ngathoma khona ukungenela umsebenzi wesikhathi esizeleko eminyakeni engaphezu kwema-40 yoke eyadlulako. Khengasebenza eMnyango weKonzo ngabuye ngaba ngutitjhere weenkolo ezithileko zehlangano. Bese kwathi ngomnyaka ka-2007 isiHlopha esiBusako sathoma UmNyango WeeNkolo ZeFundo YaboFakazi sathi akube ngiwo umnyango lo otlhogomela zoke iinkolo eziragwa eBethel, begodu ngaba mbonisi weenkolwezo iminyaka ethileko.
Kube namatjhuguluko amanengi tle eenkolweni zehlangano muva nje. Ngo-2008 kwathonywa isiKolo sabaDala beBandla. Akhucabange kwathi nase kuphele iminyaka emibili kwaphela, besele kubandulwe abadala abazii-12 000 bafundiselwa khona eBethel yeBrooklyn ePatterson. Iinkolwezi ziyaragwa ngitjho nakwezinye iindawo, eendawenezo-ke nakhona kuba nabazalwana abafundisako. Bese kwathi ngomnyaka ka-2010 isikolo esibizwa ngokuthi siKolo seKonzo somBuso satjhugululwa kwathiwa kuzokuba siKolo seBhayibheli sabaZalwana abangakaTjhadi, lokho-ke kwaba kuthoma kwesikolo esitjha esabizwa ngokuthi siKolo seBhayibheli samaKrestu aTjhadileko.
Ungathi ubonile ungakaboni, kazi ngomnyaka ka-2015 iinkolo ezimbilezo zahlanganiswa zenziwa isikolo sinye kwaba siKolo sabaTjhumayeli beVangeli lomBuso. Kilesi-ke bekubandulwa abodade nabazalwana abangakatjhadi nabatjhadileko. Kwathi nakuzwakala bona isikolwesi sizokuragwa nakwamanye amagatja ephasini loke, abantu bathaba khulu. Nakungimi khona angazi ngithini, kungithabisa khulu ukubona ifundo kaZimu yanda kangaka ephasini, begodu ngikuthabele khulu ukuhlangana nabantu abakufisako ukuzokufumana ifundo le.
Ngithi nangiqala ukuphila kwami koke ngitjho nangesikhathi ngingakabhajadiswa bekube nje, ngimthokoza khulu uJehova ngokuthi angiphe ithuba lokuhlangana nabantu abanengi abahlakaniphileko, phela bangisiza bona ngikhambe endleleni yeqiniso. Abanye babo bebabakhulu kimi, bakhule nangamasiko angafani newami. Into engikarako ngabo kukuthi bebathanda uJehova kusukela ngaphakathi eenhliziyweni zabo. Indlela ebebathanda ngayo uJehova beyibonakala endleleni ebebenza ngayo izinto. Iqiniso engeze laphikwa ngelokuthi ehlanganweni kaZimu le kunabantu abanengi khulu abahlakaniphileko esingaba bangani nabo. Nami ngikwenzile lokho, begodu angifuni ukuleya amala kuyasiza tle!
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NABABELETHI BAKHE BABALEKELA EGIBHIDE
UJOSEFA UFUDUSELA UMNDENAKHE ENAZARETHA
UJosefa uvusa uMariya ngombana umphathele iindaba ezirhabako. Ingilozi kaJehova isand’ ukubonakala kuye ebhudangweni, ithi: “Vuka, uthathe umntwana nonina niye eGibhide, nihlale lapho bekube kulapho nginitjela ukuthi nibuye, ngombana uHerode uzokuzuma umntwana bona ambulale.”—Matewu 2:13.
Ngaphandle kokuriyada, uJosefa, uMariya nendodanabo babaleka ngomnyama. Babaleke ngesikhathi esifaneleko, ngombana uHerode uzwa ukuthi amadoda athukula ngeenkwekwezi amkhohlisile. Phela bekawatjele ukuthi abuye azombikela. Kodwana wona avele azikhambela angakambikeli litho. Nje-ke uHerode ubhoka ngobukhali. Njengombana asafuna ukubulala uJesu, ukhupha umyalo wokuthi kubulawe boke abesana abaneminyaka emibili kuya phasi eBhetlehema neendaweni eziyibhodileko. Usekela ukubala kwakhe iminyaka yabesana ekufuze babulawe kilokho akuzwe emadodeni athukula ngeenkwekwezi avela ePumalanga.
Ukurhayilwa kwabo boke abesana yinto ehlahlathelisa umzimba! Asazi ukuthi bangaki abesanyana ababulawako, kodwana isililo nokurhahlawula kwabomma abahlongakalelweko kuzalisa isiphorofido seBhayibheli esanikelwa nguJoromiya, umphorofidi kaZimu.—Joromiya 31:15.
Kwenzeka koke lokhu, uJosefa nomndenakhe babalekele eGibhide, begodu basahlala khona. Kodwana ngobunye ubusuku ingilozi kaJehova ibonakala kuJosefa ngebhudango godu. Ingilozi ithi, “Vuka uthathe umntwana nonina niye enarheni yakwa-Israyeli, ngombana labo egade bafuna ukumbulala sebahlongakele.” (Matewu 2:20) Yeke uJosefa uphetha ngokuthi umndenakhe sewungabuyela enarheni yekhabo. Ngalokho kuzaliseka esinye isiphorofido seBhayibheli —iNdodana kaZimu ibizwa bona iphume eGibhide.—Hosiya 11:1.
Kubonakala ngasuthi uJosefa ufuna bona umndenakhe uhlale eJudiya, mhlamunye eduze nedorobho leBhetlehema, lapho ebebahlala khona ngaphambi kokubalekela eGibhide. Kodwana uzwa ukuthi indodana kaHerode embi u-Arikhilawosi seyiyikosi yeJudiya. Nje-ke, uZimu ulemukisa uJosefa asebenzisa elinye ibhudango. Ngalokho uJosefa nomndenakhe batjhinga etlhagwini begodu bahlala edorobheni leNazaretha esifundeni seGalile, kude nekaba yepilo yekolo yobuJuda. UJesu ukhulela emphakathini lo, okuzalisa esinye isiphorofido esithi: “Uzokubizwa ngokobana mNazaretha.”—Matewu 2:23.
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ISITHALA (ESIFUNDWA EBANDLENI) Disemba 2012
Umagazini lo ukhuluma ngaloko okutjhiwo kuphumelela kwamambala epilweni. Begodu funda ngendlela aboFakazi bakaJehova abatjhumayela ngayo njengengcenye yobuzalwana bephasi mazombe.
Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi iBhayibhili linamandla wemilingo. Ucabangani? Ungazuza njani eemfundisweni zeBhayibhili?
kutjho ukuthini ukuphumelela ekuphileni? Cabangela iimbonelo zeKosi uSolomoni nezakampostoli Powula.
Boke abakhonza uZimu baphathi. Ngiziphi iinkambisolawulo eentathu ezingsisiza bona sizalise umthwalo wethu wefanelo?
AmaKrestu kufuze akuqale njani ukubeka imibungu? Abasafundelwa iBhayibhili bangakufanelekela na ukubhabhadiswa nengabe abakatjhadi ngokomthetho?
Uwafunde kuhle amagadangiso weSithalasokulinda wamva nje? Nekunjalo, hlola bonyana ungayiphendula na imibuzo elandelako.
Kutjho ukuthini ukuba ‘sisakhamuzi sesikhatjhana’ ephasineli? Khuyini elindeleke kiwo woke amaKrestu weqiniso?
AboFakazi bakaJehova batjhumayela njani ngobunye njengengcenye yobuzalwana bephasi loke?
Funda indlela abantu abadala nabantwana abazuze ngayo kuSithalasokulinda lesi.
Iinkhombo zazo zoke iinhloko ezigadangiswe kuSithalasokulinda saka-2012! zilandelana ngokwenhloko.
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ISITHALA (ESIFUNDWA EBANDLENI) Oktoba 2016
IsiThalesi sineehloko ezizokufundwa kusukela ngomhlaka-28 Novemba kufika ngomhlaka-25 Disemba 2016.
UMLANDO WOKUPHILA
Isikhuthazo esivela kumaKrestu avuthiweko singasiza abanye bona bazibekele begodu bafikelele imigomo emihle. UThomas McLain ulandisa ngokuthi abanye bambekele njani isibonelo esihle nokuthi naye khuyini afuna ukuyenza bona asize abanye.
UZimu ubaqala njani abantu abavela kwezinye iindawo? Wena-ke yini ongayenza ekusizeni abantu abavela kwezinye iindawo bazizwe basekhaya nabeza ebandleni lekhenu?
Ukulotjha uZimu kufanele kube yinto eza qangi emndenini wamaKrestu. Iye khona nawutjhumayela ngelimi ekungasi ngelakho kuba neentjhijilo.
Ukuhlakanipha kuhluke ngani elwazini nekuzwisiseni? Ukwazi ukuthi kuhluke ngani kuyazuzisa tle.
Iimbonelo zokukholwa zanamhlanjesi nezakade zingasikhuthaza kwamambala. Ungakuqinisa njani ukukholwa kwakho?
Kuhlekuhle nasikhuluma ngokukholwa sisuke sikhuluma ngani? Begodu into eqakatheke khulu kukuthi wena ungaba nakho njani?
Itjhaphuluko amaRoma ayinikela abaphathi bakwaJuda yakhamba yafikaphi? Kade bekuvumelekile na ukuthi umuntu ase adumele isimu ekungasi ngeyakhe ahlwanyele ikhula?
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Ukubotjhwa okumbalwa kokuthoma
Abadozi phambili, kanye nabajameli behlangano ye-African National Congress kwaba ngebokuthoma ukubotjhwa. Kwathi msinya ngemva kwalokho walandelwa bajameli behlangano ephikisako, ebegade bazombelezwe ebebenjwa bafakwa e-island lapha gade bangeze badala imiraro. Eminyakeni leyo amalunga we- PAC, ANC, South West African People’s Organisation (SWAPO), National Liberation Front, African People’s Democratic Union of South Africa, i-non-European Unity Movement, Liberal Party, United Democratic Front, Indian Congress, Azanian People’s Organisation (AZAPO), Black Consciousness kanye nabadosi phambili bawo,nabanye abanengi babotjhwa basiwa e-Robben Island. Abantu egade babotjhwe ejelapho gade bangafani, njeke fade kuhlale kunezipi, ezizigcugcuzelwa baphathi bejele.
Abalweli bekululeko abakhunjulwako bayabotjhwa
I-Robben Island kwakungasilijele lokubobha amalunga we-ANC kwaphela. Njengoba kutjhiwo ngaphambili amakhulu wamajoni akhamba ngenyawo avalelwa khona,kanye nabanye bamabizo amakhulu ,abafana noJohn Nyathi Pokela, Johnson Mlambo, Zephania Mothopeng, Andimba Toivo ya Toivo (we-hlangano ye-SWAPO), Neville Alexander, Billy Nair, Sonny Venkatrathnam, Kader Hassim, Fikile Bam, Eddie Daniels, Mac Maharaj, Harry Gwala kanye no Wilton Mkwayi (owalwa nabaphathi bejele iminyaka eyi-25 afuna imvume yokutjhada unakwakhe u Irene). Ngeminyaka yabo – 70 kuya yabo-80, uMinista wakusasa wesigungu sesibethatha mthetho kanye nabanye abadosi phambili bepolotiki abafana no Steve Tshwete, Kgalema Motlanthe, Tokyo Sexwale, Jacob Zuma, Saths Cooper, Mosiuoa ‘Terror’ Lekota, Joe Seremane, Strini Moodley kanye no Ronnie Mamoepa nabo babotjhwa bahlala e-island le.
Umlandu ka Robert Sobukwe
Enye yengorho ezibalulekileko zeskhathi somtlhago eyabotjhwa eRobben Island kwakungu Robert Sobukwe, ongumtlami wehlangano ye-PAC.Obegade azethemba begodu aphikisana nombuso webandlululo, gade ahlangana nembotjhwa zokuthoma zepolotiki ezabotjhwa ngamalanga wehlangahlangano le Sharpeville. Wagwetjhwa iminyaka emithathu ejele lePitori/Pretoria central. Kwathi nasiphelako, urhulumende gade angafuni ukumkhipha ngombana gade bambona ayingozi khulu. Njeke batlama umthetho omutjha owawuthi uSobukwe aragele phambili ahlale ejele, nanyana angasenamlandu abekwe wona, kuze kube sikhathi lapha athembisa amapholisa bona angeze asalwa norhulumende webandlululo. Umthetho loyo wabizwa bona yi-Sobukwe clause.
USobukwe akhange asenze isithembiseso, okwadala bona urhulumende amthumele eRobben Island. Kodwana nalapho gade solo abonwa ayingozi, begodu begade angakavunyelwa ukuhlala ejele elikhulu nezinye iimbotjhwa. Kunalokho bambeka kwenye indlu kude nendaweni le ye-Robben Island ukwenzela bona angahlali nezinye iimbotjhwa. Wahlala lapho emzini omncani onamakamero amabili ahlale agadwe bonogada iminyaka elithoba. Gade angakavunyelwa bona abe nemvakatjhi, begodu gade bangafuni akhulume nabanye abantu ,gade ahlala ayedwa poro.Kuthiwa wagcina angasakghoni ukukhuluma.Kwakuthi ngeva kwesikhatjhana kuze isithunywa sikarhulumende simazise bona bazomtjhaphulula kwaphela nakangavuma bona angaze asaphikisana norhulumende webandlululo.
Nanyana umlandu kaSobukwe ugade ongohlukileko ,imbotjhwa zoke kwembotjhwa zoke zepolotiki ejele leRobben Island gade ziphathwa kabuhlungu, begodu ngobudlhadlha khulukhulu ekuthomeni kweminyaka yangaphambi ko-1965.Abonogada abanengi gade bangakafundiseki kuhle begodu bahloye nokufunda kwezinye iimbotjhwezo. I-island nayo kade ikude namehlo wephasi, abasebenzi bejele gade bakghona ukwenza nanyana yini bangabonwa. Nanyana kunjalo kufanele kutjhiwo bona, ipilo yabonogada bembotjhwa zeRobben Island gade ibudisi. Ngombana gade basebenza isikhathi eside, bagcoka ijinifomu engakafuthumali, begodu batlhagiswa nabaphathi babo, egade bakghatjha ihloyo nokusaba emphakathini woke wamakhuwa.
Isibotjwa seRobben Island esidume khulu: Nelson Mandela
Ngonyaka ka-1962 abadosi phambili bakarhulumende webandlululo bazithola bakomkhulu umraro, Ilunga lehlangano ye- ANC obizwa bona nguNelson Rolihlahla Mandela. Wabanjwa lokha asaya e-Howick ngale nge-Natal ayokuhlangana nomdosi phambili we-ANC, uAlbert Luthuli (omthumbi kanongorwana wokuthoma we- Nobel-Peace Prize). Begade ayindoda efunwako, uMandela gade azifihle njengomtjhayeli, kodwana kukhona osele agade alume amapholisa indlebe (Hleze gade kumakhomanisi agade amhloyile?) Wabotjhwa njalo ke e-Natal Mdilands.
Msinya ngemva kwalokho,amapholisa aziphosela ewomeni lamanye amalungu amakhulu we-ANC abegade ahlanganele eplasini elibizwa bona se-Lilieslief, e-Rivonia ngeJwanisbhege, babotjhwa boke kanye noMandela babekwa umlandu wokuvukela umbuso, wobukhomanisi kanye nokwenza amano wokuketula umbuso.Gade bafuna bathi akathole isgwebo sentambo kodwana ngokusaba iinarha zangaphandle, ’i-Rivonia Eight’ yagcina sele ithole isgwebo sokudilikelwa lijele. UNelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu, Achmed Kathrada, Andrew Mlangeni, Elias Motsoaledi, Govan Mbeki kanye no Raymond Mhlaba bathathwa ngesikepe basiwa e Robben Island. Kwathi u Denis Goldberg wathunyelwa ejele lePitori. Ulithuli yena wabotjhwa ngendlini u Oliver Tambo aye ekudingisweni, urhulumende gade sele akghonile ukuthulisa ihlangano ephikisana naye ngesikhathi seminyaka emcani.Nanyana kunjalo, ukuphikisana naye kwaragela phambili kodwana ngomtjhotjhaphasi.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe
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Igama
Isibhadwa semida emihlanu nofana sezungu lesoki (Five-Lined Mabuya, Rainbow Skink or Rainbow – Mabuya) [Trachylepis margaritifera]
Isigaba
Reptilia
Irhemo
Squamata
Umndenazo
Scincidae
Imihlobo yakwabo
Kunemihlobo emithathu yakwabolesibhadwesi semida emihlanu emhlana, kunomunye umhlobo omdala nofana wangaphambilini owaziwa nge-Mabuya quinquetaeniata margaritifera waphiwa ubujamo bobuhlobo obuzeleko ngomnyaka ka-1988. Kanti-ke kunomunye umhlobo obizwa nge-Trachylepis quinquetaeniata quinquetaeniata / Trachylepis quinquetaeniata langheldi / Trachylepis quinquetaeniata riggenbachi.
Ubude
85 - 110 mm
Ihlathululo
Sibhadwa esikhulu, esinombala omuhle kanye neemvalo zamehlo ezikhanyelako kenye nenye incenye ephasi yelihlo. Imilenzalo yemuva kanye neyaphambili emide ngendlela elinganako ivame ukugobeka nayigandelelwe yahlanganiswa nomzimba. Imihlobo yemibalayo ihluka ngokuya ngobulili bayo neminyaka yobudala baso.
Ukwabeka nokusabalala kwazo
Umhlobo lo wesibhadwa utholakala esiFundeni saKwaZulu-Natal, eendaweni eziphasi kanye nenarheni ye-Zimbabwe ukuyela e-Algeria kanye ne-Senegal.
Ukuhlangana neduna nokubekelisana
Esisikazi sibekela amaqanda asithandathu ukuya kalisumi ehlobo. Ziqoqosela amadzinyana ngemva kwamalanga amasumi asithandathu nanye ukuyela kamasumi asithandathu nambili. Kunekghonakalo yokobana zibekele kabili kesinye nesinye isikhathi sonyaka, khulukhulu kilezo ezisetlhagwini.
Ukudla
Isibhadwesi siphila ngokudla khulu iinunwana.
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Zoke iinkoloyi ezikhamba endleleni kufanele zihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe bona zikulungele ukukhamba endleleni. Kumsebenzakho njengomnikazi ukobana uyokuhlolisa ikoloyakho. Ukuhlolwa kweenkoloyi kungenziwa eentetjhini zokuhlola zangasese nanyana zomphakathi.
Ekugcineni kokuhlolelwa ukukhamba endleleni, nangabe iphumelele, uzakunikelwa inothisi.
- Vakatjhela isitetjhi sokuhlola iinkoloyi esiseduze nawe nemitlolo elandelako:
- isitifikeyidi sokurejistara ikoloyi
- incwadi kamazisi (ID)
- imali ebekiweko
- Zalisa iforomo i-ACR.
Isibawo sitjhejwa khona mhlokho ngelangelo.
Thintana ne-ofisi yokukhupha iimvumo yangekhenu ukuze uthole ilwazi ngeendleko.
Iforomo i- ACR (Isibawo sesitifikeyidi sokuba sendleleni)
Amaforomo ayatholakala esitetjhini sokuhlola esiseduze nawe nanyana ungalikhupha ku- eNaTIS website.
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Igama
Imvubu [Hippopotamus amphibius]
Ukuvela nokwakheka kwayo
Imvubu silwani esikhulu somhlobo omunyisako esiphila ipilwaso ngemanzini, sinesilinganiso sobudisi obungaba banatoni amabili nahlanu (2.5 tonnes). Ikghona ukukhamba ngaphasi kwamanzi lapho umlambo uthoma khona, begodu ingatjhingela imizuzu engaba mihlanu.
Ukudla
Imvumbu ilala ngaphakathi nofana eqadi kwamanzi emini, kuthi ebusuku ikhambe idla utjani obuseduze namanzi.
Ukuzala nokukhulisa
Iimvubu ezisikazi zizalela ikonyana linye emanzini angasimanengi khulu, ngemva kwesikhathi sekambiso yokumitha esimalanga angaba makhulu amabili namasumi amane (240 days). Ikonyana lemvubu livamise ukufihlwa ekhakheni nofana hlangana nomqobosi, isikhathi esimalangana ambalwa lizelwe, kuthi ngokukhamba kwamalanga unina ayenalo emhlambini wazo.
Iimvubu ezisikazi ziba sezingeni lokujarhwa phakathi kweminyaka elikhomba nebunane yobudala. Imvubu ikghona ukuzala amakonyana angaba lisumi ngesikhathi seminyaka yokuphila kwayo engaba masumi amathathu nahlanu weenlwani zomango.
Akusiliqiniso nokho ukuthi imvubu esikazi iguga ikonyana layo, okwenzakalako kukuthi ngesikhathi samakhaza, ikonyana libonakala lilalisa ihlangothi lalo langaphambili phezu kwemvubu edala ukwenzela ukuzifuthumeza ngokothamela ilanga ngombana ubuncani bomzimba wamakonyana wenza bona ezwe amakhaza msinya khulu kunalezo ezidala.
Ukuziphatha
Amakonyana azalelwa ngemanzini begodu akghona ukududuza ngaphambi kokuthi athome ukukhamba. Imvubu yaziwa khulu ngokududuza msinyana begodu inamandla khulu, injalo nje iyasahlela nayilimeleko nofana nayithuselweko.
Ithathwa njengesilwani esiyingozi khulu enarhakazini ye-Afrika ngebanga lokubikwa njenge silwani esilimaze kumbi besalulala abantu eemangweni. Iimvubu mhlobo weenlwani ezithanda ukuhlala ndawonye, umhlambazo uvamise ukwakhiwa ngamalunga amahlanu ukuya kamasumi amabili.
Lapho zitholakala khona
Begade zitholakala iSewula Afrika le yoke, kodwana njenganje zitholakala esifundeni saKwaZulu Natala, eMpumalanga, eLimpopo, begodu ziyuye zafakwa esifundeni sePumalanga kanye neseTjhingalanga Kapa.
Ibuthelelo lemangweni
Iimvubu zingaba yingozi khulu ebantwini ebangalandeli imithetho yemangweni lapho zihlala khona. Zaziwa khulu ngokuluma beziphule imikhumbi yeengodo ephehlwako kanye neminye imikhumbi emincani.
Ziyakhuphuka izehlakalo lapho iimvubu zisahlela khona abantu, kodwana lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa kukuthi abantu basuke bangahloniphi imiyalo nabasendaweni lapho kuneemvubu khona.
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Igama
UbuDorhwana (Suricata suricatta)
Ukwakheka Nokuvela
Ngelimi le-Afrikaans isilwanesi sibizwa bona yi-Meerkat okuqaliswe kiloyo mhlobo wombala osarulana (Yellow Mongoose) nofana bona lobu ubuDorhwana, igamalayo (Suricate) lisuselwa emabizweni we-Dutch atshwaya ukudla kwayo iinunwana. Buvamise ukubonwa bujame rhwe bunzinzile ngemilenze yemva kanye nomsila, kanengi nabutjheja ubujamo balapho bukhona.
Isikhumba sabo esinombala ozotho okumthuthu obuyela korhanyazelako sinemida ezotho ehlezi ngokuhleleka magega nomhlana, kuthi amehlo andungulelwe nimida enzotho nofana emnyama. Ihlokwabo nayihlanganiswe nomzimba ibanesilinganiso esimamilimitha amakhulu amabili namasumi amahlanu ukuya emakhulwini amathathu nesumi (250-310 mm), kuthi umsila ubemude ngamamilimitha amakhulu amabili ukuya emakhulwini amabili namasumi amane (200-240 mm).
Obukhulu bunesilinganiso sobukhulu nofana sobudisi esimagremu amakhulu asithandathu namasumi amabili ukuya emakhulwini alithoba namasumi asithandathu (620-960 g). Bunomsila onencenye yesiphetho esimnyama wamaboya nafitjhani. Imilenze yangemuva iqine ukudlula yangaphambili, kuthi ihloko iberondo okubanzi begodu inepumulo enqophileko.
Ukudla/Idayethi
Buvamise ukudla iinunwana, amakhondlwana, kanye neenyoka ezizibamba ngokuphazima kwelihlo nofana msinyana khulu. Ubudorwana obumithi buzuma ukudla ngokuzinikela khulu ukudlula amalunga womhlambi wabo, ngonobangela wokufinyelela iindingo eziza nokumithatha kanye namandla atlhogwa silwani esimithi. Nokho awukho umehluko okhona phakathi komhlobo wokudla odliwa ngobuduna nobusikazi kanye nangokukhula nofana iingaba zokukhula kwabo.
Ukuzala Nokukhulisa
Ubudorwana esele bukhulilileko bunendlela yokuzala nokukhulisa ngesikhathi esithileko sonyaka, kodwana abuvumeli bonyana buzale ngesikhathi esisodwa nobunye obusemhlambinabo. Buvamise ukuzala idzinyana elilodwa nofana akhamba ngamathathu ngonyaka, kodwana ukuzala kuvamise khulu ngesikhathi sezulu.
Buvamise ukuzala khulu phakathi kwenyanga kaTjhirhweni noNtaka. Umhlambi woke udlala indima ekunakekeleni nokutjhejeni amadzinyana asakhulako. Buvamise ukutjhiya bunye lokha nabuphuma buyokuzuma ukudla, ukwenzela bona bunakekele amadzinyana.
Ukuziphatha Nokuphilisana
Ubudorwana buvamise ukuba ziinlwani zesifunda nangokuba ngomhlambi khulu. Umhlambazo uvamise ukwakhiwa ngamalunga alisumi, ofaka hlangana obuduna nobusikazi ngokulingana. Butjhagala khulu emini kuthi ebusuku bulale ngemigodini nofana bubhaqe khona lokha buthuselwako.
Lapho Butholakala Khona
Butholakala eendaweni zabo zendabuko namaphethelo. ESewula Afrika ubudorwanobu busabalele etjhingalanga, eendaweni zesiFundeni seTlhagwini-Tjhingalanga, ukuyela esewula ukuyokufika eFree State ukukhamba ngaphaka kwe-Karoo pheze ukuya eKapa, etjhingalanga yokuyela elwandle le-Antantic.
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AmaPedi kade gade asetjenziselwa ukutlhadlhula abantu besifunda seMpumalanga kanye nese-Northern Province abakhuluma isiSotho eSewula Africa. Mva nje, iinqhemezi sele zithiywe ngabutjha zabizwa kobana ma-Northern Sotho. AmaPedi, sele kancani bawazwisisa, njengencenye yaBasotho be-Highveld abahlala e-plateu ezombeleze i-Pietersburg. Ezinye iinqhema zama-Northern Sotho, ezinengi zazo amaPedi akhe azilawula, beSotho be-lowveld eduze kwe-Drakensberg Escarpment, kanye nabeSotho bepumalanga besifunda se-Mapulaneng nawuya e-Lydenburg.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana
Ngemva kokuhlulwa maBrithani, amaPedi afuduselwa eendaweni ezibekelwe wona. Hlangana kwezinye eziqakatheke khulu iindawo zamaPedi, se-Sekhukhuneland....more
Isiko lamaPedi lihlukaniswa ngobulili ngazo zoke iindlela. Zoke izinto zikhanjiswa ngobulili, kusukela emafindweni abawabopha ezambathweni zabo, ukuya engomeni...more
Lokha amandla wamaPedi nakaphezulu nanyana amaMoreteng, nakangaphasi kwakamdosiphambili wamaThulare gade bahlasela ngepumelelo iindawo...more
Njengabanye abantu abakhulumako, imitjhado yamaPedi (lenyalo) ayenzi kobana ubuhlobo bube semthethweni hlangana kwabantu ababili: Uyinto yesiqhema, eyenza bona kube nobuhlobo hlangana...more
Hlangana noburhwari bamaPedi obuqakathekileko kubalwa, irhono lokubumba ngedaka, ukugwala imizi, irhono lokubaza ngeplanka (khulu ukwenza iingungu) kanye nokuphothela....more
NjengabaSotho kanye namaTswana amaPedi ngaphambi kokobana bawahlule epini, gade ahlala emakhresteni amakhulu ahlukaniswe zinqhema ze-kgoro egade zihlala emizini efanako ngobundeni....more
AmaPedi akhe alawula inarha ekulu esemgceleni wesifunda seLimpopo, Vaal kanye nemhlanjeni iKomati, amandlabo khabe alele lapha namhlanje esikubiza bona seSekhukhuneland...more
Ngelanga ingoma yamadoda wamaPedi ephela ngayo, i-bogwera (ingoma yabefazi i-byale iyathoma. Bantazana abamatlawana kwaphela abavunyelwe ukobana baye engomeni....more
Isikhathi sengoma, esihlala siphakathi kobusika, siya ngokobana ikhona Na, indodana ekulu nanyana umzukulwani wekosi hlangana kwabesana abaya engomeni....more
Ngokuya ngokwendaba eziqoqwako, amaPedi umtlhalawo uvela eMaroteng, ngaphasi kwamaKgatla, ekuyincenye namaTswana. Kukholelwa kobana eminyakeni eminengi eyadlulako...more
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U-Albertina Sisulu, gade bambiza ngethando bona ngumma wesitjhaba nanyana uMaSisulu odume khulu ngokuba ngumma weSewula Africa ogade angakhambisani nebandlululo, begodu amfazi womlweli wekululeko, uWalter Sisulu. Waziwa ngerhono lakhe lokubamdosi phambili kanye namandla wakhe wokuba ngumma amsusa eTranskei amenza kobana abengomunye wabomma abahlonitjhwa khulu beSewula Africa.
Nanyana kungumma othulileko ngokokubelethwa ungumma oqinileko, begodu imiyaka yokutlhoriswa imenza bona abengumma ongakajwayeleki ekutlhogakala bona agidingwe.
UMongameli walokha uJacob Zuma umtlhadlhule ‘njengomma oyisika yamandla kungasisemndenini wakwaSisulu kwaphela, kodwana emindenini yoke yabalweli kululeko, ngombana gade akhulisa, aduduza, atlhogomela bekafundise abadosi phambili nabatlami abanengi beSewula Africa yedemokhrasi’.
Usisulu wakhuluma ngendaba ekhe yamenzakalela yakatitjhere wesikolo owamtjela bona’ “izenzo zakho zihle khulu titjhere. Zinamandla ukuphala yoke into oyitjhoko’’. Kubonwa ngezenzo zakaSisulu, akurari ukuzwa bona amezwi la amkhuthaza. Ifa lakhe emkhiqizweni wesikhathi eside esibudisi somtlhago.
Unendawo ekhathekileko ebadosini phambili beSewula Africa. Ngaphambili komtlhago, yena nomndenakhe batlhaga ezandleni zababandlululi besikhathi sebandlululo. Kikho koke wahlala azibophelele khange avumele ukuthuselwa, ekuzimiseleni kwakhe ekobaneni kube nenarha enganabandlululo.
“Nanyana balingile, babhalelwe ukuphula umoyakhe, khange bamenza waba mumuntu okwatileko, babhalelwe kuhlula thando lakhe,” kutjho umbhitjhobhi u - Archbishop Desmond Tutu kuye.Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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Kade, ipilo qobemalanga ekhaya lamaZulu, nanyana emzini gade kwenziwa into yinye, Gade abantu bahlukaniswa ngobulili, ngeminyaka kanye nangesigaba. Abesana abancani gade bathatha iinkomo ziyodlula emadlelweni/balusa, abantazana bona babodwa nanyana bakhamba nabomanina gade bayokukha amanzi.
Ngikho abentwana bamaZulu gade babona ibhoduluko basese bancani ogade kwenza kobana bazwisise kuhle ibhoduluko egade bahlala kilo. Ngemva kokobana badle ukudla kwekuseni, ekuvamise kobana sidliwe ephakathi kwekuseni, abefazi gade bathanyela, bahlwengise iimpoto benze neminye imisebenzi yekhaya.
Ehlobo, ekuthomeni kwelanga lokha nakusapholileko, gade baya emasimini bayokukhipha ikhula. Lada ekuseni abelusi gade babuya nenkomo, ekhabe bazisengela esibayeni. Ngemva kokuzisenga, gade badla ukudla kokuthoma kwelanga. Ukupheka, gade kuphekelwa phasi ngesibuyeni, kuphekwa ngepoto ekulu ebizwa bona yi-(ikhanzi).
Kuthi, njenganje, amasi (adlale indima eqakatheke khulu ekudleni). Khabe adliwa awodwa nanyana ahlanganiswe nepuphu nanyana imirorho. Kuze kube namhlanjesi okunje ukudla okuqakathekileko okudlewa qobe lilanga, kukhiqizwa emakhaya ngokoban kusilwe isphila hlangana kwamatje
Amadoda akawenzi khulu umsebenzi wangekhaya begodu iqeda iskhathi esinengi asehlanganenweni ebandla lekosi, nekuyindawo eyaziwako ngaphasi komuthi othize nanyana ngaphandle kwemizi, nanyana benza eminye imisebenzi, efana nokulungisa amakhande wabo nanyana batjhuka iinkhumba. Abafazi baluka imiseme lokha banye nabaphothelako nebakufunda kibomanina.
Ukubumba lirhono elingaziwa ngabanengi. Ukubumba ngengodo kwenziwa madoda, avamise ukwenza izinto ezithize ezifana namaphini, iinkirombodo zenyama kanye namathunga wokufaka ibisi, enziwa ngekhuni eqinileko. Abasayenzi imiqamelo yekhuni ngebanga lokobana abantu sele bathanda imiqamelo ethambileko eyenziwe ngetjhila.
Ukwenza izinto ngekhuni gade kulirhono elikhethekileko, ngokwesiko gade kwenzelwa ngerhorhomejeni kwenziwa madoda kwaphela. Khulukhulu gade babumba amalembe, egade bawasebenzisela ukuhlakula emasimini, kanye nengodo ezifakwa emikhontweni, ekhabe zisetjenziswa epini. Kusukela ngeminyaka yabo-1830, umthombo oqakathekile wesimbi khabe utholakala ngokobana kurhwetjelwane namaNgisi kanye namaPotukezi. Imincamo, amatjhila, i-brass.
Kanye nama-musket gade kurhwetjelwana ngazo nge-ivory, ngabasebenzi, iinkomo kanye nenkhumba. Irhwebeli lirholele ekupheleni msinya kwerhono lokuncibilikisa i-iron, ngebanga lokobana khabe sele kutholokala i-iron engasi sezingeni eliphezulu eyenzelwe futhi ekhabe itholakala ebarhwebeni abadlulako.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana
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Kubudisi ukutjho kobana abathwa, bakhule nini baba siqhema esinesiko elihlukileko - abanye bathi kade eminyakeni eyi-40 000 nanyana-30 000 eyadlulako, lokha isomiso esathatha isikhathi eside sahlukanisa abantu encenyeni yetjonalanga ukusukela emihlobeni yama-Negroid esepumalanga. Nanyana kunjalo, abathwa basebenzisa ithekunoloji yakade, ekubalwa abotjhefana kanye namabhoro, ezinengi zazo egade zinamathele engodweni ekwenziwe ngazo imikhonto nanyana imikhwa.
Abathwa batlama zehlalakuhle egade zizombeleza epilweni yabo yokuzuma kanye neyokubuthelela. Njengomthetho, gade kumadoda egade azuma, lokha bafazi gade babuthelela imirabhui, amabheri kanye nezinye iintjalo. Ukuphila kwabo ngezinto ezisebhodulukweni kwenza bona iinqhema zemindenezi zizulazule nenarha yoke zilandelela iinlwane zomango kanye nenkhathi ezithize zonyaka.
Kwezekolo, abathwa gade bathanda ikolelo ehlanganisa iphasi lemvelo kanye nelezomoya. Lokhu gade bakutjengisa ngemigwalo yabo ehlukahlukeneno, egade ivamise ukutjengisa lokha nabagida bafukwe madlozi. E-Richtersveld, nanyana kunjalo, kusengakabonwa imigwalo esemarholweni le.
Kunalokho, sithola imigwalo ye-petroglyphs – eyenziwe ngokobana kusikwe amatje ngehamura ebukhali. Ama-petroglyphs amahle la atjengisa izinto ezinengi kusukela kuma-geometric pattern kanye nenlwane ezidwetjiweko ezifana namadube kanye nama-eland. Ukufunda kwama-petroglyphs kusathoma begodu ngebhadi, iinarha ezinengi sele zonakele, zoniwe mamayini nanyana zimvakatjhi ezinganandaba. Ubungeno bendawezi obunengi sele buvaliwe ukukhandela bona bangarageli phambili ngokuzona.
Inomboro yabathwa abahlala e-Namaqualand kanye ne-Richtersveld gade izobaphasi. Le kwakuyinarha enesomiso, enemithombo embalwa ethembekileko yamanzi. Itlhagu gade lingcono, nanyana kunjalo kunendawo ezinengi ze-archaeology ezitjengisa isebenzisano hlangana kwabathwa kanye nemithombo yezamanzi efana nama-Seal kanye nama-shellfish. Iinlwane zetlhagwinezi zibizwa bona ma-‘strandlopers’ (abakhambi belwandle) begodu ubufakazi bokobana zikhona zihlala elwandle bubonwa ngendawo ezahlukahlukeneko e-Namaqualand begodu, ngembala nencenyeni ezinengi zeSewula–Africa.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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Isifundo saKwaZulu-Natal silinde kwaze kaba ngonyaka ka-2004 ngaphambi kokobana bathule ingubo yenhlali etja. Ngesikhathi esingaba minyaka elisumi ngemva kwamakhetho, isifunda saKwaZulu–Natal gade sisebenzisa ingubo yenkhali yeNatali kanye neyaKwaZulu, zibekwe ncazombili. Isiqubulo sabo, sitlolwe ngaphasi lapha kuhlaza khona ngesiZulu, sitlolwe bona Masisikume Sakhe.
Iblazoni engaphasi kwengubo yenkhali itlolwe ngeSingisi nesiZulu, okukokuthoma elwandweni weSewula Africa bona iblazoni itlolwe nanyana itjengiswe ngelinye ilimu ekungasiSingisi kanye nesibhuru. Ngemva kwekhande kuphanjaniswe isibhuku kanye nomkhonto, kokubili okumaphawu womthetho wamakhosi. Ikhandeli lisekelwe libhubezi (Leo leo) egade iyincenye yengubo yenkhali yesifunda saKwaZulu yakade begodu lijamele amandla wekosi yamaZulu.
Kwelinye ihlangothi lekhande kunesilwane somango i-wildbeest nanyana i-gnu (Connochætes gnu), ngaphambilini egade iliphawu lekholoni yesifunda seNatali kusukela ngonyaka ka-1870, begodu gade iyincenye yengubo yenkhali kusukela ngonyaka ka-1907. Engubeni yenkhali etja, i-gnu ijame emoyeni ngenyawo zangemva kunedala lapha gade itjengiswe igijima khona.
Ngaphezu kwekhande kunomqhele owakheke njengendlu yenyosi. Lo kwakumakhiwo wesintu osetjenziselwa ukwenza amakhaya wabeNguni. Imakhiwo le gade yakhiwa namaNguni wepumalanga esifundeni egade kwaziwa bona se-Transkei kanye ne-Ciskei.
Iindawo ezakhwe ngendlela le zinemizi eminengi, yinye yakhelwe indoda eyihloko yakhona kuthi ezinye zakhelwe umfazi wayo ngamunye kanye nabentwababo. Istayela semihlobo yemakhiwo le sele ingasakhiwa, kodwana isabonwa emakhrestini aseduze anomlando aseduze kwesibaya sakaShaka.
Kufanelekile kobana bakhethe ikhandeli ngombana litjengisa amasiko wamabutho wamazulu kanye nabalandeli bawo. Ijamo lekhandeli lathoma lasetjenziswa maNguni njengekhande elide (elingaba mamitha amabili) lapha amabutho gade azifihla ngawo lokha nakaphoswa ngemikhonto emide.
UShaka waqeda umhlobo wemvikwezi kanye nemikhonto emide kokubili wakujamiselela ngemifitjhani eyi-1 m, ukwenzela bona isetjenziswe ngesandla ngokukhambisana nomkhonto. Kwanje, ngitjho namakhande amafitjhani sele isetjenziselwa ukuzivikela lokha amasokana wabeNguni nakalwa ngentonga.
Iimviko zesintwezi zenziwe ngesikhumba sekomo kanye nengodo, ezisuka lula ukwenzela bona barhone ukuwaphatha lokha nabangawasebenziseli ukulwa nanyana iminyanya. Amakhande la abanemitletlana yesikhumba ebamba isikhumba kobana singatjhaphuluki, esivamise ukuba nemibala ehlukileko kunewekhande.
Inyoni yepharadeyisi (S reginæ) gade iyi-emblem esemthethweni yesifunda seNatali. Isitjalo sendabukwesi sisesikhisini zaKwaZulu-Natal eseduze kwetlhagwini, kodwana asitholakali ekholoni yakade yeNatali, etjingalanga yemlanjeni we-Tugela, kodwana ithuthumbeli litholakala likhula e-Transkei esifundeni sange-Eastern Cape, begodu litholakala lirhatjheke engadini ezisesifundenesi soke.
Okurarako ngokwaneleko, silithuthumbo elisemthethweni elivela enarheni ye-California edorobheni le-Los Angeles, begodu limila khulu ngembewu lapho engadini zemakhaya.Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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Ukudumuza iinlwane ezizuma ifuyo kubonakala kusiqunto ongagcina sele usithatha lokha nazikutjhwenyako. Kuphambana nomthetho ukubamba iinlwane zomango unganamvume, njeke abafuyi kutlhogeka baqiniseke kobana banemvume etlhogakalako ebavumela bona bazume iinlwanezi. Bazokutlhoga kobana babe nelayisensi yesigidi esisemthethweni.
Ukuze athole umphumela omuhle, umzumi kutlhogeka bona akwazi ukusebenzisa isgidi ongusiyazi wokutlhogonyelwa kwenlwane zomango. Abazumi abangakwazi ukuzuma bangezelela imiraro. Ukuzuma kutlhogeka kwenziwe msinya ngemva kokobana kube neslwane somango esibulele ifuyo ukuqinisela bona isilwane esinomlandwezo siyatholwa.
I-The Landmark Foundation ku-Predators on Livestock Farms, yemanuwali yabafuyi ebizwa bonayi-Practical Farmers’ Manual for Non-lethal, Holistic Ecological Acceptable and Ethical Management, uyelelisa abafuyi kobana bangabhadeli abosiyazi ngokubulala iinlwane zomango ngasinye, ngombana lokhu kugcugcuzela abazumi kobana babulale iinlwane zomango ezinengi ngendlela abangarhona ngayo kunokobana babulale isilwane esidala umonakalo. Ukuninwa ngokubulala iinlwane zomangwezi kungaphazamisa iinlwane zomango ezikhamba ngenqhema kurholele ekutheni umraro ukhule.
Ukuzuma Ebusuku
Ngokuya ngokwe-Predation Management Manual, ukuzuma ebusuku kuyasebenza, ngebanga lokobana kuzunywa iinlwane zomango ezithize begodu umuntu angalungisa imiraro msinya nayivelako. Imizamo yokobana kuzunywe iinlwane zomango ezibanga umonakalo kwaphela begodu kungadunyuzwa ama-fox anendlebe zakamaphelaphelani, ama-aardwolvwe nanyana abokatsu sebenzisa ilerhe lokuzuma i-red filter. Lokha amalerhe amhlophe enza bona iinlwane zomango ziphaphame
Ukuzuma Ngonophehlwane
Abafuyi batlhoga ukuqiniseka bona banemvume etlhogakalako nange bafuna ukuzuma ngonophehlwani,ngebanga lokobana imithetho yenfunda ngenfunda ayifani. Lokha ukuzuma ngonophehlwani kusebenza kubudisi ukufinyelela iindaweni ezinenarha enabileko, begodu kuyabiza.
Ukuzuma Ngezinja
Izinja kutlhogeka kobana zisetjenziselwe ukuthola umtlhala wenlwane ezibazumi begodu akukafaneli zibulale nanyana zilimaze iinlwane ezibazumi. Izinja kutlhogeka bona zithwasise kuhle bezitlhogomele kobana azoni lokha nazifuna umtlhala wenlwane ezibazumi.
Umhlahlandlela i-Predation Management Manual iyelelisa abafuyi kobana babambe izinja entanjeni kuze kufike iskhathi lapha isilwane somango esizunywako sibonakala khona, bangakhumuli izinja kobana zigijimise islwane somango esizumako. Izinja kufanele zitlhogonyelwe kuhle, ukuze zingalandeli bezizume iinlwane zomango ngebanga kokobana zilambile. Ngezinye isikhathi izinja zifakwa into ezivala umlomo ukuqiniseka kobana azidali umonakalo.
Ukuzuma Ngempera
Abazumi bangakhamba amabanga amade bazumana nomtlhala wenlwane zomango bagibele empereni kunalokha bakhamba ngenyawo, khulukhulu endaweni eziyisanda ezifana ne-Kalahari. Bangasebenzisa nezinja ukobana zibarhelebhe ukuthola umtlhala wenlwane.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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ISITHALA Matjhi 2015 | Urhulumende Onganayo Ikohlakalo
Ephasini loke, abantu baqala iinhlangano ezihlobene norhulumende njengezikhohlakele khulu. Kghani urhulumende onganayo ikohlakalo ulibhudango kwaphela?
ISIHLOKO SESIGUBUZESO
Umraro lo ungaba mkhulu ngendlela obewungacabanga ngayo.
ISIHLOKO SESIGUBUZESO
Iingcenye ezisithandathu zomBuso lo zifakazela bona uzokuhlala unganayo ikohlakalo ngokupheleleko.
Imindenenu ingavikeleka ngokweemali, kodwana ingavikeleki endleleni eqakatheke khulu yokuphila
IKULUMISWANO NOMAKHELWANA
Nanyana iBhayibheli seyinesikhathi eside yatlolwa, kodwana ilisizo lamambala nanamhlanjesi. Imithethokambiso yeBhayibheli ingakusiza njani kizo zoke iingcenye zepilo?
IBHAYIBHELI LITJHUGULULA AMAPHILO
U-Ernest Loedi ufumane iimpendulo zemibuzo eqakatheke khulu ekuphileni. Iimpendulo zemibuzo yeBhayibheli ezilula zimnikele ithemba lamambala ngengomuso.
Akhese ucabange ngokuthula nokuvikeleka okungalethwa ngurhulumende munye wephasi. Kubayini singakholelwa esithembisweni sakaZimu sokusinikela urhulumende onjalo? Ngubani ozokuba mbusi ofaneleko?
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Igama Lomndenazo Elijayelekileko
Ribbon eels
Elinye Igama Ebizwa Ngalo
Leopard, Green, Starry, Black cheek, Guinea fowl, Moray eel
Igama Lesayensi
Muraenidae
Ubungako
Ingakhula beyibe mamitha amathathu.
Ikambiso Yokufanisa
Amhlangotho womzimbayo apatalele. Mhlobo oqinileko nonamandla. Inomlomo omkhulu kanye namazinyo amakhulu nabukhali aqale ngemuva. Isikhumba sayo asinawo amaphepha. Ayinawo amalungu wesifubeni ezithaya ngawo. Lawo wangemhlana athoma ngeva kwehloko bese akhambe ayokufika emsileni bekahlangane nalawo wangaphasi.
Imibalazo ihluka ukusuka konzima (amadzinyanazo) ukuya kosarulana okukhanya khudlwana kanye nohlaza sasibhakabhaka (keziduna) ukuya kosarulana (kezisikazi).
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Umndeni wama-Muraenidae wakhiwe mikhakhawo elitjhumi nahlanu kanye nemihlobazo emakhulu amabili. Zaziwa khulu ngeempumulo zazo ezingaphambi kwehloko. Iphefumula ngokuvula umlomayo woke. Amadzinyanazo anombala onzima kodwana nakakhulako ayatjhuguluka abe nombala ohlaza sasibhakabhaka kanye nosarulana.
Nazikhulako zitjhugulula ubulili ukusuka kobuduna zibe ngezisikazi. Nemibalazo iyatjhuguluka ibesarulana. Zizifihla hlangana neququ yesanda. Ziba namadzinyana ngokubekela, amaqandazo ziwabekelela emanzini aseduze.
Ukudla Kwazo
Ziphila ngokudla iimfesana ezincani.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Zitholakala emalwandle we-Indian kanye ne-Pacific oceans.
Imihlobazo Ejayelekileko
Juvenile (black)
Rhinomuraea quaesita
Male (blue and yellow)
Rhinomuraea quaesita
Terminal male (yellow and black)
Rhinomuraea quaesita
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Ngemva nje kokubhajadiswa kwakhe, uJesu wathoma ukutjhumayela wathi: ‘UmBuso kaZimu useduze.’ Abafundi bamlandela njengombana akhamba loke iGalile neJudiya. UJesu nakabuyela ekhabo eNazaretha, waya esinagogini wafika wavula umsongo ka-Isaya, wawufunda ngokuzwakalako wathi: ‘Umoya ocwengileko kaJehova uphezu kwami bona ngitjhumayele iindaba ezimnandi.’ Bekatjho ukuthini ngalokho? Bekatjho ukuthi nanyana abantu bathatjiswa kumbona enza iimangaliso, kodwana umnqopho wokuthola kwakhe ummoya ocwengileko bekukutjhumayela iindaba ezimnandi. Ngemva kwalokho, watjela labo abamlalele ukuthi: ‘Namhlanjesi isiphorofidwesi sizalisekile.’
Ngokulandelako, uJesu waya eLwandle leGalile, okukulapho ahlangana khona nabafundi bakhe ebebabathiyi beemfesi, uPitrosi, u-Andrisi, uJakopo, noJwanisi. Wabamema wathi: ‘Ngilandelani, ngizonenza abathiyi babantu.’ Batjhiya ibhizinisi labo khonokho, bamlandela. Balikhamba loke iGalile, batjhumayela ngomBuso kaJehova. Bebatjhumayela emasinagogini, eendaweni zemmaraga, kunye neentaradeni. Bebalandelwa liwomakazi labantu nanyana kukuphi lapho baya khona. Iindaba ngoJesu zarhatjheka yoke indawo, bezayokufika neendaweni ezikude eSiriya.
Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, uJesu wapha abanye babalandeli bakhe amandla wokupholisa abantu nokuqotha amadimoni. Abanye bakhamba naye njengombana atjhumayela imizi nemizi, nemizana ngemizana. Abafazi abathembileko, okufaka hlangana uMariya Magdalina, uJwana, uSusana, nabanye bamnakekela uJesu nabalandeli bakhe.
Ngemva kokubandula abafundi bakhe, uJesu wabathuma ukuthi bayokutjhumayela. Njengombana batjhumayela eGalile, kwaphenduka abantu abanengi baba bafundi, babhajadiswa. Ngendlela ebebabanengi ngayo abafuna ukuba bafundi, uJesu wabe wabafanisa nesimu elungele ukuvunwa. Wathi: ‘Thandazani kuJehova bona athumele iinsebenzi ezingeziweko esivunweni.’ Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, wakhetha abama-70 ebafundini bakhe, wabathuma ngababili bona bayolitjhumayela loke iJudiya. Bafundisa yoke imihlobo yabantu ngomBuso. Kwathi abafundi nababuyako, bebarhuluphele ukutjela uJesu ngakho koke okwenzekile. Akunalitho uDeveli ebekangalenza bona avimbe umsebenzi wokutjhumayela.
UJesu wenza isiqinisekiso sokuthi abafundi bakhe bazokuraga nomsebenzi oqakathekileko lo nalokha nasekabuyele ezulwini. Wathi kibo: ‘Tjhumayelani iindaba ezimnandezi kilo loke iphasi. Fundisani abantu ngeliZwi lakaZimu, nibabhabhadise.’
“Kufanele ngitjhumayele iindaba ezimnandi ngombuso kaZimu nakezinye iindawo ngombana ngithunyelwe khona lokho.”—Lukasi 4:43
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Mhlamunye ayikho into esihlukaniswa ngayo ukudlula umsebenzethu ongojayelekileko wokutjhumayela
AboFakazi bakaJehova batjhumayela ngebanga lokuthi badumisa ibizo lakaZimu nokulenza laziwe. (Hebheru 13:15) Enye into esifuna ukuyenza kulalela umlayo kaJesu nakathi: “Khambani niye ebantwini boke, . . . nibenze abafundi; . . . nibafundise ukwenza koke enginiyale ngakho.”
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abomakhelwana bethu sibathanda komhlolo. (Matewu 22:39) Kuliqiniso, sazi kuhle ukuthi abantu abanengi baneenkolelo zabo, begodu siyazi nokuthi akusuye woke umuntu okarwa mlayezwethu. Khonapho, sisese namazizo wokuthi iimfundiso zeBhayibheli zisindisa amaphilo. Ngikho-ke siragela phambili ‘singalisi ukufundisa nokumemezela ivangeli bona uJesu unguKrestu,’ njengombana kwenza amaKrestu wokuthoma.
U-Antonio Cova Maduro osisazi sezomphakathi wathi nakatlola ngaboFakazi bakaJehova wathi “bakhamba, kuphele inyathelo, uzabafumana . . . , badinwe bafile ngebanga lokuthi umlayezo ocwengileko lo ukwazi ukufikelela nemaqintelweni wephasi.”
Inengi labantu abafunda iincwadi zethu alisiboFakazi bakaJehova. Ngitjho neengidigidi esifunda nazo iBhayibheli zibabantu bakezinye iinkolo. Nanyana kunjalo, bayakuthabela ukuthi aboFakazi bakaJehova bayabavakatjhela.
Akubuzwa, nanyana kunjalo ungaba neminye imibuzo ngaboFakazi bakaJehova. Sikumema ukuthi ufumane iimpendulo zayo ngokuthi
Funda Okungeziweko
OKUBUZWAKO
IBhayibheli iyahlathulula ukuthi bobani abazokufumana ithuba lokusindiswa.
OKUBUZWAKO
Abafazi badlala yiphi indima emsebenzini wokutjhumayela ephasini loke owenziwa boFakazi bakaJehova?
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Uyawabona amadoda asesithombenesi?— Amabizo wawo nguMatewu, uMarkosi, uJwanisi, uPitrosi, uJakopo, uJuda, noPowula. Amadoda la woke aphila ngesikhathi esifanako noJesu, begodu atlola ngoJesu. Akhe sifunde okungeziweko ngawo.
Khuyini oyaziko ngamadoda la?
Amathathu wawo gade kubapostoli ebebatjhumayela noJesu. Uyazi bona ngibaphi?— NguMatewu, uJwanisi, noPitrosi. Umpostoli uMatewu noJwanisi bebamazi kuhle khulu uJesu, begodu ngamunye wabo watlola incwadi ngokuphila kwakaJesu. Godu umpostoli uJwanisi watlola incwadi ebizwa ngokuthi yi-sAmbulo neencwadi eentathu ezibizwa ngokuthi nguJwanisi Wokuthoma, nguJwanisi Wesibili, noJwanisi Wesithathu. Umpostoli uPitrosi watlola iincwadi eembili eziseBhayibhelini. Zibizwa ngokuthi nguPitrosi Wokuthoma noPitrosi Wesibili. Encwadinakhe yesibili, uPitrosi watlola ngesikhathi uJehova akhuluma asezulwini begodu wathi ngoJesu: ‘Le yindodanami. Ngiyayithanda, begodu ngiyazikhakhazisa ngayo.’
Godu amanye amadoda asesithombenesi asifundisa ngoJesu eencwadini azitlola. Omunye wawo nguMarkosi. Kungenzeka gade akhona uJesu nekabotjhwako begodu wabona koke okwenzekako. Omunye wawo nguLukasi. Gade angudorhodere begodu kungenzeka waba mKrestu ngemva kobana uJesu ahlongakele.
Abanye abatloli beBhayibheli obabona esithombenesi bekubanakwabo lakaJesu abancani. Uyawazi amabizwabo?— NguJakopo noJuda. Ekuthomeni, gade bangakholelwa kuJesu. Bebacabanga nokobana uyarhapha. Kodwana ngokukhamba kwesikhathi bakholelwa kuJesu begodu baba maKrestu.
Umtloli wokugcina weBhayibheli ombona esithombenesi nguPowula. Ngaphambi kobana abe mKrestu, ibizo lakhe gade kunguSawula. Bekawahloya amaKrestu begodu awaphatha kumbi. Uyazi bona khuyini eyenza uPowula waba mKrestu?— Langelinye, uPowula akhamba endleleni ngokungakalindeleki wezwa othileko akhuluma naye asezulwini. Gade kunguJesu! Wabuza uPowula: ‘Kubayini ubaphatha kumbi kangaka labo abakholelwa kimi?’ Kamva, uPowula watjhentjha begodu waba mKrestu. UPowula watlola iincwadi ezili-14 zeBhayibheli, kusuka encwadini yamaRoma kuya kweyamaHebheru.
Sifunda iBhayibheli qobe langa, akusinjalo?— Ngokufunda iBhayibheli, sifunda izinto ezinengi ngoJesu. Ungakuthabela ukufunda okungeziweko ngoJesu?—
FUNDA EBHAYIBHELINAKHO
2 Pitrosi 1:16-18
Markosi 3:21; 14:51
Juda 1
IzEnzo 9:1-18
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U-Esta watjengisa ukukholwa okuqinileko nesibindi nakavikela abantu bakaZimu
U-Esta bekangafa nakangavela phambi kwekosi angakabizwa. Besele kumalanga ayi-30 ikosi ingakambizi
IKosi u-Arhatjhiverotjhi, okungenzeka ukuthi beyinguXerxes I, beyimumuntu osilingeka msinyana nonenturhu. Yakhe yalayela ukuthi umuntu othileko aquntwe phakathi kutjengiswe ngaye ebantwini njengesiyeleliso. Yasusa noVatjhithi ekubeni yindlovukazi ngombana angakayilaleli
U-Esta waziveza ukuthi umJuda, bewatjela nekosi ukuthi umeluleki wayo emthembako uyikhohlisile
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EGibhide, umndeni kaJakopo bewaziwa ngokuthi ma-Israyeli. Ngemva kobana uJakopo noJosefa bahlongakale, uFaro omutjha wathoma ukubusa. Bekanevalo lokuthi ama-Israyeli azokuba namandla ukudlula amaGibhide. Ngalokho wabangela bona ama-Israyeli abe makhoboka. Wawaforomisa iintina ngekani, wawakatelela nokuthi asebenze nzima emasini. Kodwana bekuthi amaGibhide nakawatlhorisa, ama-Israyeli ande ngesibalo. Ngombana uFaro bekangakuthandi lokhu, wakhupha umlayo wokobana kubulawe amasana wabesana bakwa-Israyeli. Ucabanga ukuthi kwawathusa kangangani lokho ama-Israyeli?
Umfazi womIsrayeli ibizo lakhe elinguJokobedi bekanesana elihle lomsana. Ukuze alivikele, walifaka ngemantjini wayolifihla emlanjeni iNayili hlangana nemihlanga. Udadwabo lomntwana, uMiriyamu, wahlala eduze nomlambo loyo, afuna ukubona ukuthi kuzokwenzekani.
Indodakazi kaFaro yeza izokuhlamba emlanjeni, nayithi mehlo suka naku umantji. Ngaphakathi bekunomntwana alila, yeke yamrhawukela. UMiriyamu wabuza: ‘Ngingakufumanela umma ongakumunyisela umntwana?’ Indodakazi kaFaro nayivumako, uMiriyamu weza nomamakhe, uJokobedi. Indodakazi kaFaro yathi kuye: ‘Thatha umntwana lo ungondlele yena, ngizokubhadala.’
Kwathi umntwana nakakhulakhulako, uJokobedi wambuyisela endodakazini kaFaro, owamthiya ibizo elithi Mosi begodu wamkhulisa njengendodanakhe. UMosi wakhula amntwana wekosini begodu bekathola nanyana yini ayifunako. Kodwana uMosi azange amlibale uJehova. Bekazi ukuthi kuhlekuhle yena umIsrayeli ingasi umGibhide. Ngikho-ke akhetha ukulotjha uJehova.
Nakaneminyaka ema-40, uMosi wakhetha ukusiza abantu bekhabo. Kwathi nakabona umGibhide adula ikhoboka elimIsrayeli, uMosi wabetha umGibhide loyo kabuhlungu wambulala. Wafihla isidumbeso ngehlabathi. Kuthe bona uFaro asifumane, walinga ukubulala uMosi. Kodwana uMosi wabalekela enarheni yakwaMidiyani. UJehova wamnakekela nalapho.
“Ngokukholwa uMosi . . . wala bona kuthiwe uyindodana yendodakazi kaFaro, kunalokho wenyula ukuphathwa makghwakghwa nabantu bakaZimu.”—Hebheru 11:24, 25
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ISITHALA Janabari 2013 | Kufuze Ukusabe Na Ukuphela Kwephasi?
Ngokuya ngeBhayibhili, khuyini “ukuphela kwephasi”?
Ukuthoma ngomagazini lo,iinhloko ezikhethiweko ezigadangiswa qobe kibomagazini bethu kodwana kwanje esele zifumaneka ku-web-site yethu kwaphela. Funda Okungeziweko kumalungana namabanga angeziweko wamatjhuguluko la.
ISIHLOKO SESIGUBUZESO
Kungakurara lokho okutjhiwo yiBhayibhili malungana nokuphela kwephasi.
DRAW CLOSE TO GOD
Funda bona ungawafumana njani amaqiniso angokomoya amalungana noZimu afumaneka eBhayibhilini.
IBHAYIBHELI LITJHUGULULA AMAPHILO
funda into eyasiza isokana eliseselitjha bona lilise ukusebenzisa igwayi begodu lilise nokusebenzisa kumbi iindakamizwa notjhwala.
LINGISA IKHOLO LABO
Cabangela iinzathu eentathu eziqinileko bona kubayini u-Abela aba nekholo eMbumbini onethando.
Ngubani ibizo lakaZimu begodu kubayini kufuze silisebenzise?
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Ngo-1985, ngineminyaka elitjhumi kwaphela, kwafika abantwana beCambodia bazokufunda esikolweni sethu eColumbus, e-Ohio, e-U.S.A. Nokho, omunye wabasanaba bekasitlhatlhabeja isiNgisi. Adweba lokho akutjhoko, wangitjela iindaba ezisikimisa iinhluthu zokuhlunguphazwa, zokubulawa nokuphunyurha kwabantu. Ebusuku, bengithi nengicabanga ngabantwanaba, ngisidinde isililo. Bengifisa ukubatjela ngeParadeyisi nangevuko, kodwana bekubhala eliminapha. Nanyana bengisesemsanyana, ngaqunta ukufunda isiCambodia, khona ngizokukhuluma nabantwanaba ngoJehova. Bengingazi bona isiquntweso sizokwenzani epilwenami.
Bekubudisi ukufunda isiCambodia. Alo-ke bengizakuhlathululelwa ngubani bona imitjho yakhona yakhiwa njani? Ngazitjela bekwaba kabili bona ngiyayinghala intwele, kodwana uJehova wangikhuthaza ngababelethi bami. Kwakhe kwaba nesikhathi lapho abotitjhere nalabo ebengifunda nabo bangikhuthaza bona ngingenele ibizelo elizongirholela imali engangemali. Mina bengifuna ukuba liphayona, ngakhetha iimfundo zesikolweni esiphakemeko ebezizongisiza ngisebenze amalangana bona ngikwazi ukuphayona. Bekuthi nekuphuma isikolo, ngisebenze namaphayona esimini. Ngathoma ukufundisa nabantu ebebafuna ukufunda isiNgisi—okuyinto eyangisiza khulu ngokukhamba kwesikhathi.
Nengina-16, ngezwa batjho kunesiqhema sabantu abakhuluma isiCambodia eLong Beach, California, e-U.S.A. Ababelethi bami bangivumela bona ngivakatjhele isiqhemeso, bengathoma nokufunda isiCambodia. Ngithe nengiqeda isikolo ngathoma ukuphayona bengatjhumayela nebantwini beCambodia ebebahlala hlanu kwekhaya. Ngathi nengina-18, ngathoma ukucabanga ukuthuthela eCambodia. Bekuyingozi khulu ukuba senarheni leyo ngesikhatheso, kodwana bengazi bona kunabantu abambalwa kwabaziingidi ezilitjhumi abahlala eCambodia iqiniso elifikile eendlebeni zabo. Ngesikhatheso, bekunebandla linye kwaphela, ebelinabatjhumayeli abama-20 enarheni yoke. Nengivakatjhela eCambodia kokuthoma bengina-19. Ngathuthela khona ngemva kweminyaka emibili. Ngathola umsebenzi wokutjhugulula nowokufundisa isiNgisi ebewungisekela khulu ekonzwenami. Kwathi ngokukhamba kwesikhathi ngathola umkhamanzi ebekanamabizelo afana newami. Sinaye, sasiza abantu abanengi bona bazinikele kuZimu.
UJehova wanelisa ‘iimfiso zehliziywami.’ (Rhu. 37:4) Awukho umsebenzi owanelisa njengokwenza abafundi. Eminyakeni ema-20 engayiphila eCambodia, ngabona ibandlelo ebelineenceku zakaJehova ezima-20 likhula liba mabandla alitjhumi nambili waboFakazi bakhe!
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UJesu nakafundisako wathi: “Namukeliswe ngesihle, yeke nani yiphani ngesihle.” (Mat 10:8) Asiwathengisi amaBhayibheli ngitjho neencwadi ezisekelwe kilo, lokho kutjengisa bonyana siyawulalela umyalo wakhe. (2Ko 2:17) Nanyana singazithengisi nje iincwadezi, zinamaqiniso aligugu avela eliZwini lakaZimu. Ukwenza iincwadezi nokuzithumela emabandleni kutlhoga isikhathi, neendleko zakhona ziphezulu tle. Yeke kufuze sithathe esizitlhogako kwaphela.
Sebenzisa ukwahlulela okuhle nawunikela abantu iincwadi, ngitjho nalokha utjhumayela tjhatjhalazi. (Mat 7:6) Kunokuthi uvele uphakise boke abantu abadlulako iincwadi, linga ukukhulumisana nabo, khona uzokubona ukuthi bayazithabela na iindabezi. Ungakghona na ukuphendula ngo-iye okungenani embuzweni munye esebhoksineli? Nange ungakghoni ukuzwisisa bonyana umuntu lo uyazithabela iindabezi namkha awa, kungaba kuhle ukuthi umnikele iphetjhana. Kodwana nange abawa incwadi namkha incwajana mnikele yona ngehliziyo ehle.—IzA 3:27, 28.
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UMandela nomsizi wakhe uZelda la Grange ngemva kwekhomference yababikindaba e-Nelson Mandela Foundation.
UMandela nomkgelebhi wakhe u-Zelda la Grange owabelethelwa eSewula Africa ngeskhathi sebandlululo Ngemva kokobana aqede iimfundo zakhe zamabanga aphezulu, wafaka isbawo somsebenzi ema ofisini karhulumende wokuthoma wentando yenengi Wakhethwa nguMandela ngokwakhe ngonyaka ka-1999 kobana aragele phambili nokumsebenzela nangemva kokobana athathe umhlalaphasi. Waphiwa unongorwana zinhlangano ezinengi ekuzinikeleni kwakhe lokha nakasebenzela uMandela.
Ngezi -19 zakaMgwengweni ngonyaka ka-2014 wakhipha Incwadi yakhe ebizwa “Good Morning, Mr Mandela “ngoNobayeni ka-2014 kwamemezelwa bona incwadi yakhe leyo, ngeyathengisa khulu ukuzendlula zoke lapha eSewula Africa. Nangonyaka ka-2015 eBrazil. Kwanjesi usebenza njengomvikeli we- First for Women Foundation. Uragela phambili ukugcugcuzela abanye ngenkulumo zakhe nokwabelana ngendaba zakhe zepilo.
“Ngibeke eduze kwehliziyo yami, umbono wesitjhaba esinedemokhrasi begodu nesitjhaphulukileko, lapha boke abantu baphilisana ngokuthula begodu banamathuba alinganako. Kumbono engithemba ukuwuphilela, nokuwubona uphetheka kodwana Zimuwami, nakunetlhogeko kumbono engizimisele ukuwufela.” ~ Nelson Mandela
UNelson Mandela wabuyela emzinakhe eOrlando eSoweto ngemva kokobana bamkhiphe ngentrogweni ngonyaka ka-1990. UMandela wakhulela e-no- 8115 Vilakazi Street esele iphendulwe i-museum....more
UMandela bekathandwa balandeli bakhe, begodu iliphawu lekululeko labo boke abantu. Udlala abonwa njengoZimu eSewula Africa, bekabonwa njengesika yamandla, neyethemba...more
Ngonyaka ka-1991, uNelson Mandela wathola unongorwana wokumhlonipha eJwanibhege e-Univesithi ye-Witwatersrand ngokuzinikela kwakhe enarheni le, nokuba mdosiphambili oyikakaramba okhe wabonwa eSewula Africa....more
Abalweli bekululeko abanengi ukubalwa noNelson Mandela, egade eligcwetha ngeskhatheso basolwa ngumlandu wokuzama ukuketula umbuso ngeminyaka yabo 1950 yebandlululo....more
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Ihlathululo
I-Shiraz mhlobo wamaderibe abomvu anenambitho lentuthu. Usukela ekuhlanganisweni okuphakathi kwaloyo epheze watjhabalala, i-Dureza kanye ne-Mondeuse blanche.
Indabuko/Imvelaphi
Ngaphambilini kukhe kwaqatjangwa bonyana i-Shiraz le isukela edorobheni elidala i-Persian town le-Shiraz ngamalanga we-Iran. Ihlelo lokuhlola ifuzo i-DNA testing ngeminyaka yabo-1990s yaqinisekiswa bonyana idabuka enarheni ye-France, njengombana imihlobo emibili lapho i- Shiraz isuselwa khona, idabuka esewula pumalanga ye-France.
Umhlobo lo watjalwa endaweni ye-Rhone valley eminyakeni emakhulu eyadlulako. Idumo layo kulapho lakhula ukusuka ekupheleni komnyaka ka-1960s, njengomhlopbo wemivango efaka hlangana i-Grenache noir kanye ne-Carignan.
Amanye Amagamawo
Eendaweni ezinengi zomhlaba, umhlobo lo ubizwa nge-Syrah. Abakhiqizi ababizwa nge-New World producers, ekufana neSewula Afrika kanye ne-Australia, sebathome ukusebenzisa amagama la ukutshwaya indlela yamawayini.
I-Syrah ibekelwe ngeqadi ngehloso yokuyisebenzisa ngendlela ebizwa i-traditional Rhone Style eneminambitho elawulekako yeenthelo, i-Shiraz isetjenziselwa ukwenza amawayini wemalanga la amamomori wakhona athathwa nasele asesigabeni esivuthwe khulu begodu imumethe isidakamizwa esiphezulu begodu ineminambitho ephuma phambili yeenthelo.
Umkhiqizo weSewula Afrika
Kusengakabi nesiqiniseko sokobana i-Shiraz yafika nini eSewula Afrika. Ngokuya ngenye itiyori, u-Governor Simon van der Stel wasiletha eSewula Afrika ekupheleni konyaka yabo-1600s. Enye godu iqinisekisa bonyana u-James Busby, oyi-Scotch viticulturist owathoma umkhiqizo we-Shiraz e-Australia, watjhiya iinqunjwana e-Cape Town nebegade abuya e-Europe ngabo-1840s.
Imitjhana yokuthoma yatjalwa e-Groot Constantia ukuyela ekupheleni kwabo-1890s, kodwana idumo lomhlobo lo begade linciphisiwe ngebanga lomkhiqizwawo ophasi kanye nabakhiqizi akhenge bathokozelwe ukukhamba phambili kwayo.
U-Bernard Podlashuk, wayithatha ngokuthi yi-“Father of Shiraz in South Africa” (ubaba we-Shiraz eSewula Afrika), kwaba ngewokuthoma ukufaka ebhodlelweni i-Shiraz njengomhlobo wewayini engakavangwa ngomnyaka ka-1957. Phakathi komnyaka ka-1992 kanye no-2016, indawawo yakhuphula umkhiqizo khulu ukusuka ku-900 ha to nearly 10 000 ha, okwenza bonyana uthathe ubujamo besibili kileyo emikhulu ekhiqiza iwayini ebovu enarheni.
Umkhiqizo Weemphande
Umhlobo lo uthela kuhle khulu eendaweni zobujamo obunehlabathi elula nelunge ngesilinganiso esiphakathi, begodu ukghona ukujamelana nobujamo bezulu obunengi obuhlukahlukeneko.
Amasimawo atholakala kizo zoke iimphande zemikhiqizo eSewula Afrika, kuthi i-Paarl kube ngiyo edlale indima ekulu yomkhiqizo, ilandelwa eduze yi-Stellenbosch kanye ne-Swartland. Wenza amaphesende aphezulu wemihlobo ekhiqizwe e-Cape South Coast.
Ukukhula Nokuthela
Imitjhana yomhlobo lo inokusongana, inomukghwa wokukhula ngendlela enamandla kesinye isikhathi isongane. Umkhiqizo usebujameni obuphakathi ukuya phezulu, wesibalo esili-10 t/ha and 15 t/ha.
Ukuvuthwa
Amaderibe avuthwa ngokukhamba kwesikhathi sonyaka, ukusuka ekupheleni kwakaMhlolanja ukuyela ekuthomeni kwakaNtaka.
Amamomori
Amamomori mancani ngesilinganiso esiphakathi, abumbeke njenge qanda begodu anombala ohlaza okuvangeke ngonzima. Amakelwawo amatsikana kodwana aqinile kuthi ingaphakathi libe nejuzi. Amamomori la angathatha isikhathi eside khulu angavunwa ayoma bekatjhwabe.
Amakari
Amakari anombala ohlaza satjani okufipheleko, makhulu, begodu made anencenye yesiphetho esizineempenda ezihlanu.
Iintjhabalalisi Namalwelwe
Umhlobo lo uyakghona ukujamelana namalwelwe, kodwana ubulwelwe be-Shiraz kanye nokwehla kwawo kungaba mraro keminye yekwabo ethileko. Umhlobo lo ubuthakathaka khulu ekonweni mumoya.
Umsebenzawo
Usetjenziselwa umkhiqizo wewayini engakavangwa begodu nemihlobo eminengi yemivango, efana ne-Cape blend, nefanele imumathe amaphesende angaba ma-30% kanye namaphesende adlula i-70% we-Pinotage, nofana umvango obizwa nge-classical Rhone blends. Injalo nje isetjenziselwa ukwenza iwayini ebizwa nge-sparkling red wine.
Umnambitho
Inambitho elivezwa yi-Shiraz uyangezinto ezinengi, ekufaka hlangana ubujamo bezulu, indawo yomkhiqizo, indlela isimu nofana isivande ebegade sitlhogonyelwa ngayo kanye nendlela umvino okhuliswa ngayo. Amawayini la avame ukuba nenambitho lentuthu, lesithako lesithelo, i-peppery, kuthi eendaweni ezimaphakathi zikhiqiza wenambitho leenthelo.
Amasimu nofana iindawo zokutjala ezinezinto zokumbesa amaderibe ezivulekileko, zikhiqiza ngesilinganiso esiphakathi begodu amaderibe atjhiywe bonyana akhule ngokwaneleko ahlotjaniswa namamomori avuthiweko nenambitho lawo, kuthi lezo ezitholakele ukusuka eendaweni zokutjalelwa zinomkhiqizo omncani okhambisana nesithako esinomnuko.
Ukusetjenziswa komuthi obizwa nge-oak unomthelela eemkhiqizweni wamawayini la, lokhu kuya nangokuthi unjani umtjhana lo.
Translated by Johannes Nkosinathi
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Iindaba Ezimnandi Ezivela KuZimu!
Zithini iindaba ezimnandi ezivela kuZimu? Singazikholelwani? Incwajana le iphendula imibuzo yeBhayibheli ejayelekileko.
Incwajana le izokusisa uthabele ukufunda ngokunqophileko eliZwini lakaZimu, iBhayibheli. Qala-ke ukuthi ungalisebenzisa njani iBhayibheli lakho bona ufumane iinkhombo zemitlolo.
Fumana ukuthi zithini iindaba ezimnandi, kubayini kurhabe kangaka, nokuthi kufuze wenzeni.
Kazi uZimu unalo ibizo begodu unendaba nathi?
Singaqiniseka njani ukuthi umlayezo weBhayibheli uliqiniso?
Funda ukuthi uJesu wafelani, siyini isihlengo, nokuthi wenzani nje.
Kwenzekani kithi nasihlongakalako? Singaphinde sibabone na abathandekako bethu esebafa?
Ngubani iKosi yomBuso kaZimu begodu umBuso loyo uzokwenza ini?
Bathoma njani ubumbi, begodu uZimu wabuvumela ngaliphi? Inga-kghani ukutlhaga kuzakhe kuphele?
UJehova uZimu wethabo, ufuna imindeni ithabe. Fumana isiluleko seBhayibheli esisebenzako samadoda, abafazi, ababelethi, nabantwana.
Kghani kunekolo yinye kwaphela yeqiniso? Cabangela izinto ezihlanu ezibonakalisa abakhulekeli nekolo yeqiniso.
UJesu wahlathulula ukuthi kubayini sitlhoga isinqophiso nokuthi ngiziphi iinkambisolawulo ezimbili zeBhayibheli eziqakatheke khulu.
Fumana ukuthi uZimu uyayilalela na imithandazo, kufuze sithandaze njani nokuthi khuyini okhunye esingakwenza bona sitjhidelane noZimu.
Kazi sizokuba khona na isikhathi lapho woke umuntu azokukhulekela khona uZimu weqiniso ngobunye?
IBhayibheli lisitjela bona kubayini amaKrestu ahlelekile.
Ilwazi lakho ngoZimu lingabasiza njani abanye? Ngibuphi ubuhlobo ongabuthabela noZimu?
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Lokha nawufuyileko, awutlhogi kwaphela irhono elithambileko (isibonelo ukufunda ukutjhayela, ukuthelela, ukugoma, kanye nokupruna iintjalo) kodwana irhono elithambileko elifana nerhono lokukhuluma nabantu uzwakale, ukubona ufuna ukuthini nanyana uthini, uthembeke bewubemajadu. Khumbula bona yoke into oyenzako ibuyela kuwe. Qiniseka bona zonke izinto ozenzako ziba zihle.
Nali irhono elithembileko olitlhogako kobana ubemfuyi ophumelelako.
Zimisele
Ukuba nerhuluphelo kuzokusa kude epilweni. Ukuzimela kutho bona usebenza budisi begodu nangokuzimisela. Zimisele ukuthatha imisebenzi engezelelweko begodu ungakwenzi lokho ukwatile. Ukuzimisela kwenza bona abantu osebenza nabo basebenze kamnandi nawe.
Ungabinekani. Nawu sesikhundleni esiphezulu, angeze wabamdosi phambili ngebanga lesikhundla sakho. Uzokubamdosi phambili lokha uhlonithwa babantu. Iba ngumonye welunga labasebenzi omdosi phambili. Nange bakuhlonipha abasebenzi bakho bakuhlopha bazi bona unendaba nabo, bazokwenza bona ube umdosi phambili balandele iimbonelo zakho.
Iba Nekambiso Ehle Yomsebenzi
Ikambiso yomsebenzi? Kumurhwakho ukusebenza? Kutjho bona wenza umsebenzakho ngokupheleleko Beka incwadi nomsobo wokutlola eskhwameni sakho uzisebenzisele ukwenza amanothi utlole yoke imibuzo.
Hlala uqale amathuba wokufunda wenze okunengi kunokulindelweke. Ekugcineni kwelanga lokhu uzabe ungakwenzeli loyo okuqhathileko kwaphala, uzabe uzenzela wena.
Hlala Uneqiso
Ukuthembeka nokubaneqiniso kuyafana. Nange uhlala uneqiniso, abaqathi bakho kanye nabantu abakuzombelezileko bazokuthemba.
Woke umuntu uyatjhapha, kodwana irhono lakho lokujamelana nemiraro yakho lingagcina liballuleke kunekinga oyenzileko. Nange wenze umraro – omncani nayana omkhulu-tela umqatjhi wakho. Jamelana nokwenzileko. Abaqatjhi bakho bazokuthanda ukuzimisela kwakho kanye nesbindi onaso phambi kwabo begodu qolisa.
Tlhogomela Iskhathi Sakho
Lokha nawumfuyi kuqakathekile, nanyana linga ukufika ngeskhathi emsebenzini. Lokha nawukhambako nakuskhathi sokutjhayisa qiniseka bona yoke into ijame ngomumo. Ngokwenza njalo, utjengisa bona unekareko. Imizuzu embalwa leyo ayenzi umehluko kuwe kodwana ingenza bona abaqatjhi bakho bakuthande. Uzabe uzifundisa ukobana uzoziphatha njani nasele uyinduna.
Fika ngeskhathi, ngaso soke iskhathi. Isibonelo, lokha nawuhlumbana bona kuzokuthatha imizuzu eyi-30 ukufika emsebenzini, khamba nasele kusele ni-45 minutes ngaphambi komhlangano.
Iba nenomboro yomtato yomuntu ozokuhlangana naye ubazise lokha kunento eyenzakalako eyenza bona uladelwe.
Yenza into Elungileko
Qiniseka bona utlola kuhle imininingwane – kungatjho bona umehluko hlangana kokuphumelela nokungaphumeleli. Nange uphiwe umsebenzi kobana uwenze, qiniseka bona uwenza ngendlela.
Ukwenza into ngendlela akufani nokuba yinduna. Nange unabantu abakusebenzelako, qiniseka bona bayawazi umsebenzi wabo nokobana uyabathemba. Bavumele kobana bathathe iinqunto lapha kufanele bazithathe khona.
Rhelebha
Nange ubona umuntu atlhoga irhelebho, mrhelebhe. Akunandaba kobana ngubani wenza muphi umsebenzi. Khombisa bona uyabatlhogomela abanye abantu-lada nawe ungatlhoga ukurhelejwa.
Umsebenzi we-Former Future Farmer apprentice, uLunga Ndwandwa uyivale ngokobana irhono elithambileko elitlhogwa lokha nawusebenza emaplasini lithando. Kutlhogakala bona uthande into oyenzako. Ngombana ipilo yakho ibalula nange wenza nalo, ngelinye ilanga uzabe sele uzisebenzela.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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Ukhe waba ngungazimbi womgurugu na, namkha unelunga lomndeni ekhe laba nguye? Kghani unevalo lokuthi ngelinye ilanga uzakhe ubandakanyeke emgurugurwini? Umguruguru “sewaba kugula kwemiphakathi yephasi loke.” Cabanga ngazi iimbonelo.
UKUBETJHWA KWABOMMA NOKUTLHORISWA NGEZOMSEME: Ihlangano yeeNtjhaba eziBumbeneko ibika ukuthi, “umma oyedwa kwabathathu uyabetjhwa namkha atlhoriswe mlinganakhe ngokomseme esikhathini esithileko sokuphila kwakhe.” Okudanisa khulu kukuthi, “ephasini loke, kulinganiselwa bona umma oyedwa kwabahlanu uba ngungazimbi wokugagadlhelwa namkha abe ngobekufanele agagadlhelwe.”
UBUGEBENGU BENDELENI: E-United States kubukwa ukuthi kuneenqhema zabotsosti ezingaphezu kweziyi-30 000 ezithanda ipi. ELatin America, kulinganiselwa bona umuntu oyedwa kwabathathu ubikwa njengongazimbi wokugetjengwa.
UKUBULALA: Kulinganiselwa ekutheni kunabantu abasiquntu sesigidi ababulekweko ngonyaka owodwa kwegadungileko, inengi labantwabo libulawelwe emigurugurwini. Iinarha eziseSewula ye-Afrika nezise-Amerika ePhakathi zibe nenani eliphakemeko lokubulala, inani ephindwe kane nalimadaniswa nelephasi loke. E-Latin America kwabulawa abantu abangaphezu kwabayi-100 000 ngonyaka munye, bese eBrazil kwabulawa abangaba yi-50 000. Nasekunje, ikhona na ipengu engawuqeda unomphela umguruguru?
UMGURUGURU UZAKHE UPHELE NA?
Kubayini yande kangaka ipi? Zinengi izinto ezingunobangela, ezinye zazo ngilezi: igandelelo elibangelwa kukungalingani emphakathini nangokweemali, abantwana abangakghoni ukuzivikela ekuphathweni madlakadlaka, ukusetjeziswa kumbi kweendakamizwa notjwala, ukungabi nendaba namaphilo wabanye abantu, nokuthi iingebengu zizenzela umathanda.
Kuyavunywa ukuthi ituthuko yokulwisana nobugebengu iyabonakala kwezinye iindawo zephasi. Enye yeendawo ezinjalo, kuseSão Paulo, eBrazil, okubikwa ukuthi ukubulawa kwabantu kuphunguke ngamaphesenti angaba yi-80 eminyakeni elitjhumi edlulileko. Nanyana kunjalo, isese khona ipi ehlukahlukeneko endaweni leyo, begodu kusabulawa abantu abangaba yi-10 kwabayi-100 000 abahlala lapho. Nakunjalo, yini-ke engaqeda ipi kube kanye?
Ipengu yokuqedwa kwepi ilele ebantwini nekuziphatheni kwabo. Abantu abanjalo nabazakutjhuguluka, kufuze balahle imikghwa enjengokuzikhukhumeza, uburhamaru, nomrhobholo obavimbako ekutheni bathande abanye, babahloniphe, bebabacabangele.
Khuyini-ke okungakhuthaza umuntu bona enze amatjhuguluko anjalo epilweni? Naku okufundiswa liBhayibheli ongakucabangela:
“Ukuthanda uZimu kukobana silonde imiyalwakhe, begodu imiyalwakhe ayisinzima.”—1 Jwanisi 5:3.
“[“UJehova uzonda,” NW] ukuzitjhaya nokuziphakamisa kanye nekulumo ephambeneko.” *—IzAga 8:13.
Ukuthanda uZimu nokusaba ukumzwisa ubuhlungu, kumamandla wokusikhuthaza angasiza nabantu abathanda umguruguru batjhugulule amaphilo wabo—ingasi ngokutjhuguluka lapho analapho, kodwana ngokubutjhugulula unomphela ubuntu babo. Kungenzeka na lokho?
Cabanga ngo-Alex, * owahlala iminyaka eyi-19 ejele leBrazil ngebanga lamacala wokusahlela. Ngo-2000 waba nguFakazi kaJehova ngemva kokufunda naboFakazi iBhayibheli. Kazi wawulahla na umukghwakhe wokuthanda umguruguru? Iye, u-Alex uthi uyazisola ngazo zoke izinto ezimbi ebekazenza. Kodwana uthi: “sengiyamthanda uZimu ngokungenza ngizizwe ngilitjalelwe zoke izono zami. Ukwaneliseka nokuthanda uJehova kungisize ngatjhugulula iindlela zami.”
Omunye weBrazil nguCésar, naye owabandakanyeka ebugebengwini bokuphula imizi yabantu, nokubamba ikunzi. Waphila ipilo leyo iminyaka engaba yi-15. Kodwana khuyini okwamenza watjhuguluka? Nakasejele, wavakatjhelwa boFakazi bakaJehova, wathoma ukufunda nabo iBhayibheli. UCésar uthi: “Bengithoma mina ukubona umnqopho wepilo. Ngathoma ukuthanda uZimu, nokumhlonipha—ngasaba ukubuyela emikghweni yami emimbi ebeyizokudanisa uJehova. Bengingafuni kubonakale kwanga anginandaba nomusa angenzele wona. Ithando lelo kunye nehlonipho, kwangikhuthaza bona ngitjhuguluke.”
Zitjho ukuthini zoke iimbonelwezi? Zitjho ukuthi iBhayibheli linamandla wokutjhugulula ipilo yomuntu ngendlela erarako—ngokutjhugulula indlela acabanga ngayo. (Efesu 4:23) U-Alex, okukhulunywe ngaye ngehla uyanaba: “Engikufunde eBhayibhelini kungenze ngazizwa kwanga ngithelwe ngamanzi ahlanzekileko, kwangihlwengisa kancani kancani ngaze ngayilahla imicabango engakalungi. Lezi zizinto engingazange khengicabange ukuthi ngingazilahla.” Nangambala, nasifaka umlayezo ohlanzekileko weBhayibheli emicabangweni yethu, iyakukhipha koke okungakalungi. IliZwi lakaZimu linamandla wokuhlwengisa. (Efesu 5:26) Umphumela kukuthi abantu abakhohlakeleko nabamarhamaru bangatjhuguluka eendleleni zabo ezimbi, babe babantu abanomusa nokuthula. (Roma 12:18) Baba nokuthula emaphilweni wabo nabasebenzisa lokho abakufunda eBhayibhelini.—Isaya 48:18.
AboFakazi bakaJehova abangaphezu kweengidi ezibunane emazweni ayi-240 sebayitholile intatha yokuqeda ipi. Abantu beentjhaba zoke nebemiphakathi ehlukahlukeneko kunye neenzinda zakhona, bafunde ukuthanda uZimu nokumhlonipha, bafunda nokuthandana bona babodwa, baphilisane ngokuthula njengomndeni wephasi loke. (1 Pitrosi 4:8) Babufakazi obuphilako bokuthi lingaba khona iphasi elinganayo ipi.
IPHASI ELINGANAWO UMGURUGURU LISEDUZE!
IBhayibheli lithembisa ukuthi uZimu uzoyiqeda yoke ipi esephasini. Namhlanjesi, iphasi elinepi liqalene nelanga “lokugwetjwa nelokubhujiswa kwabangamesabiko uZimu.” (2 Pitrosi 3:5-7) Angekhe kusaba nabantu abatlhorisa abanye. Kodwana singaqiniseka njani bona uZimu ufuna ukuyiqeda ipi le?
IBhayibheli lithi uZimu “uyamenyanya othanda inturhu.” (IRhubo 11:5) UMdali uthanda ukuthula nokulunga. (IRhubo 33:5; 37:28) Ngikho angekhe avumele ipi irage unomphela.
Nangambala, liyeza iphasi elitjha elinokuthula. (IRhubo 37:11; 72:14) Kubayini-ke ungafundi okunye okunengi okungakusiza bona uyokuphila ephasinelo elinganayo ipi?
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OKWENZA KUQAKATHEKE: UZakariya waphorofida ukuthi abantu abaphuma kizo zoke iintjhaba bazokulalela iindaba ezimnandi. (Zak 8:23) Kodwana bazokufundiswa ngubani? (Rom 10:13-15) Sinelungelo nomthwalo wokutjela woke umuntu iindaba ezimnandi esiminethu.—od-ZU 84 ¶10-11.
INDLELA ESINGAKWENZA NGAYO:
Lungiselela. Khewuhlangane nabantu abakhuluma elinye ilimi? Ungasebenzisa i-JW Language app ukufunda itjumayelo elula. Namkha ungasebenzisa ufunjathwako nofana i-tablet, ukutjengisa umuntu ukuthi angayifumana njani imininingwana enabileko ngelimi lakhe ku-jw.org
Tjhejisisa. Nawutjhumayela endlini ngendlu, batjhumayeze nabantu abadlulako namkha abahlezi ngeenkoloyini. Nange utjhumayela tjhatjhalazi, hlala emgomwenakho wokutjhumayela
Khuthala. Linga ukufikelela abangekho ekhaya. Zama ukucoca nomuntu woke omfumanako ekhaya, mhlamunye ngesinye isikhathi namkha ngelinye ilanga evekeni. Abanye abaninimuzi singakhuluma nabo ngokubatlolela incwadi, ngomtato, namkha ngokubatjhumayeza endleleni
Landelela. Buyela msinyana kinanyana ngubani othanda ukufunda iBhayibheli. Nange akhuluma ilimi elihlukileko, linga ukumtholela umuntu ongakghona ukucoca naye ngelimi lakhe. Kufuze uragele phambili ubuyela kuye bekube kulapho avakatjhelwa barhuweleli abakhuluma ilimi lakhe.—od-ZU 94 ¶39-40
BUKELA IVIDIYO ETHI, UKUTJHUMAYELA “KUFIKELA EMAPHETHELWENI WEPHASI,” BESE NICOCA NGEMIBUZO NASI:
Ngimaphi amalungiselelo enziwe bafowethu nabodade bona bacoce nabantu abasesimini engasetjenzwa qobe? (1Ko 9:22, 23)
Ngiziphi iintjhijilo abazihlulako?
Ngiziphi iimbusiso abazithabelako?
Ngimiphi imizamo ongayenza ukuthi utjhumayeze abantu abanengi esimini yenu?
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Iinhloli ezima-Israyeli ezakhamba zayokuhlola inarha yeJerikho, zafika zahlala emzini womfazi okuthiwa nguRarhabu. Ikosi yeJerikho yathumela amasotja ngemva kokuzwa bona uRarhabu ufihle iinhloli emzinakhe. Ngokuzwa lokho, wafihla iinhloli ezimbili ephahleni lomzakhe, watjela amasotja bona iinhloli zikhambe ngenye indlela. Wathi eenhlolinezi: ‘Ngizonisiza ngombana ngiyazi bona uJehova ungehlangothini lenu begodu nizoyithatha inarhethu le. Ngibawa ningithembise bona nizowusindisa umndenami.’
Iinhloli zathi kuRarhabu: ‘Sifunga ngepilwethu, akekho namunye ngendlinakho ozakulimala.’ Zathi: ‘Bophela intambo ebovu le efesiderenapha, umndenakho angekhe ulimale.’
URarhabu wehlisa amadoda la ngentambo ebeyisefesiderini. Aya eentabeni, abhaca lapho amalanga amathathu ngaphambi kokubuyela kuJotjhuwa. Ngemva kwalokho, ama-Israyeli ayama uMlambo iJordani azilungiselala ukuthatha inarha. IJerikho bekulidorobho lokuthoma abalihlulako. UJehova wabatjela ukuthi bazungeze umuzi kanye ngelanga bekube malanga asithandathu. Ngelanga lekhomba, bazungeza umuzi amahlandla alikhomba. Yeke abaphristi bavuthela iimpalapala, amasotja arhwelela. Imithangala yedorobho yagirika! Kodwana umuzi kaRarhabu ebewakhiwe phezu komthangala, azange ugirike. URarhabu nomndenakhe basindiswa ngombana uRarhabu wathembela kuJehova.
“Kwaba njalo nangoRarhabu . . . walungisiswa ngemisebenzi lokha nakamukela iinthunywa wabuye wazikhupha ngenye indlela.”—Jakopo 2:25
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Igama lomndenazo elijayelekileko
Sea fans
Elinye igama ebizwa ngalo
Gorgonians
Igama lesayensi
Gorgonacea
Ubungako
Ingakhula beyibe mamitha amahlanu.
Ikambiso Yokufanisa
Ikhula ijame thwi, inamagatja athambahambileko nabonakala kwanga sivutheli moya (fan). Imihlobazo ihlukaniseka ngendlela ezibanamagatja ngayo. Imibalazo iyahluka kodwana obovu, o-orentji kanye nosarulana ngevame khulu.
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Irhemo lama-Gorgonacea lihlangani nerhemo lemine yama-Octocorralia, efaka hlangana amatjana athambathambileko, ama-sea pens kanye nama-sea whip. Zibumbeke ngendlela enesakhiwo esifana nephondo. Ebukhulwini bazo ziba neencenye ezibunane eziyinyama enganamathambo.
Lokha inyama ekukhulunywa ngoyo le sele ikhule yaluleka ngokwaneleko, incenye efana nesivuthela moya ibonakala imaruthuruthu. Eminye yemihlobazo zinencenye esibizwa nge-zooanthella, nekungiyo esiza khulu ngokukhiqizwa kokudla. Lezo ezibizwa ngama-Pygmy seahorses kanye nama-Brittlestars kanengi zitholakala phezu kwama-sea fans. Isapho lazo landiswa kurhatjha imbewazo.
Ukudla Kwazo
Ziphila ngokudla ama-plankton.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Zitholakala kiwo woke amalwandle womhlaba wobujamo bezinga elifuthumeleko kanye nelipholileko.
Imihlobazo ejayelekileko
Giant fan coral (Anella mollis)
Sea fan (Acabaria sinaica)
Sinuous sea fan (Eunicella tricoronata)
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Igama Lomndenazo Elijayelekileko
Kobs
Elinye Igama Ebizwa Ngalo
Drums, Croackers, Hardheads
Igama Lesayensi
Sciaenidae
Ubukhulu
Ikhula beyibe mamitha amabili, kuthi ezincani zibe masenthimitha amatjhumi alikhomba.
Ikambiso Yokufanisa
Mhlobo wefesi ede eyakheke njenge qanda. Isitho sokuthaya semhlana sibanzi ngokungakajayeleki. Inemida esemahlangothini begodu kesinye isikhathi ibanamacatjhazana. Ezinye zakwabo ziba nezitho ezibonakala kwanga ziindevu ezikhamba ngambili. Kanengi zibanombala osiliva nofana ozotho. Lezo ezinganamabala amanye zinokurhanyazela okubovana.
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Umndeni wama-Sciaenidae wakhiwe mikhakhawo emajthumi alikhomba kanye nemihlobazo elikhulu namatjhumi alikhomba. Zivamise ukwenza itjhada elibuyelelweko elikorozako nofana elizwakala njengesigubhu ngezitho zayo ethayangazo. Amadzinyana abanesitho sokuthaya semhlana esikhulu. Zimhlobo ohlala phasi esithomeni samanzi, begodu zitholakala eendaweni eziyisanda kanye nangaphakathi magega namanzi. Zimhlobo obekelela amaqanda ngaphakathi komhlobo welwandle elivulekileko (Pelagic spawners).
Ukudla Kwazo
Ziphila ngokudla iimfesana ezincani kanye nemihlobo yeenlwanyana ezincani ezitholakala phasi esithomeni samanzi.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Zitholakala kiyo yoke imihlobo yamalwandle epholileko kanye nakumathropika womhlaba begodu nemanzini ahlwengileko ziyatholakala kanye nemanzini anambitha itswayi.
Imihlobazo Ejayelekileko
Daga kob - Argyrosomus japonicus
Kob - Argyrosomus hololepidotus
Slender baardman - Umbrina ronchus
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Igama
uMngwazu wePumalanga [Elephantulus myurus]
Ukwakheka kwalo
Ikhondlweli linomzimba onobude obungaba mamilimithara ama-260 kunye nesilinganiso sobudisi esingaba magremu ama-60, linomsila omude ukudlula ihlokwalo nayihlanganiswe nomzimba. Umsilalo unamaboya amancani naliqathaniswa naloyo wekholo elaziwa nge-Smith's Rock Elephant Shrew amehlwalo agcwele ngombala omhlophe.
Ukudla
Ikhondlweli liphila ngokudla iinunwana ezincani ezifana nabotjhontjhwana umuhlwa kunye nentinjani. Emini umhlobo lo wekhondlo uhlala ngaphasi komthunzi ugade ngamaqhinga wokubamba ukudla.
Ukukhulisa nokuzala
Athatha isikhathi eside khulu sekambiso yokumitha kwawo esingaba ziimveke ezibunane zoke. Amakhondlwana azalwa sele anoboya begodu namehlwalo sele avulekile. Ikhondlwana likghona ukuthoma ukukhamba naliqeda ukuzalwa. Amakhondlo avame ukuzala amaphahla wamakhondlwana khulukhulu ngesikhathi sezulu esiphakathi kwenyanga kaSewula kunye noNtaka. Amakhondlwana la athoma ukulungela ukulalana nasele aneemveke ezingaba sithandathu ukuya kezilikhomba, begodu umhlobo lo wamakhondlo ukghona ukuzala amakhondlwana amanengi ngesikhatjhana sawo sokuphila.
Ukuziphatha
Umhlobo lo wekhondlo litjhagala khulu emini, kesinye isikhathi lokha nakutjhinga ilanga kunye nebusuku khulukhulu ngomkhanyo wenyezi. Athanda ukuphila ngalinye nangokuhlukana kodwana abonakala amanengi ndawonye ngesikhathi sokujarha nokulalana, amakhondlo amsinya khulu kilokho akwenzako begodu ahlala ayelele lokho okungawavelela. Akhamba ngokutlhoga ukuzithemba lapho eendaweni ezimbi nalapho ahlalakhona. Nakunento eyingozi nofana ewathuselakho abikelana ngokwenza itjhada elithileko alenza ngeenyawo eligcina sele kulitjhada elizwakala khudlwana.
Nakarhuwelela aqalisa ihlokwana le phezulu avule khulu umlomo, kuthi unkhosananawo uphume ngeempumulo.
Lapho zitholakala khona
Ummngwazu lo usabalele khulu enarheni ye-Sewula Afrika, eTlhagwini yesifunda seTjingalang, esifundeni SeTlhagwini, e-Gauteng, e-Mpumalanga, Free State, eTlhagwini yesifunda sePumalanga Kapa, kanye neemphandeni zaKwaZulu Natal ukuya enarheni ye-Lesotho. Umhlobo lo waakhondlo ujayelekile begodu begodu awukahlukumezeki khulu lapho uhlala khona, nanyana uphila eendaweni ezihlukeneko nje. Avamise ukutholakala khulu eendaweni ezinamatje avulekileko nofana anemigodi emadongeni, kanye nemabaleni.
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Umvumi we-pop weSewula Africa uBrenda Fassie othintekileko emoyeni, usingatha uMandela.
UBrenda Fassie owaziwa ngelakaMabrr, owaziwa ngomvumo wakhe ongafani newabanye, bekakgona ukutjhugulula enye, nenye indaba ibe mvumo. Bekadume ngokobana adansise indlu egcwele abosopotiki bangabi nendaba bona baqalwe ngubani kubalwa noMandela. UMandela bekaziwa ngokuthanda umvumo, begodu bebahlale bamthatha iinthombe adansa eminyanyeni ephasini loke zombelele. Ngelinye ilanga, uBrenda avuma. Wathi umvumo nokudansa kungenza ngibesekuthuleni nephasi. Begodu kwenza bona ngibe nokuthula ngaphakathi.
“Nangabe bakgona ukufunda ukuhloya, bangafundiswa ukuthanda.” ~ Nelson Mandela
UNelson Mandela wabuyela emzinakhe eOrlando eSoweto ngemva kokobana bamkhiphe ngentrogweni ngonyaka ka-1990. UMandela wakhulela e-no- 8115 Vilakazi Street esele iphendulwe i-museum....more
UMandela bekathandwa balandeli bakhe, begodu iliphawu lekululeko labo boke abantu. Udlala abonwa njengoZimu eSewula Africa, bekabonwa njengesika yamandla, neyethemba...more
Ngonyaka ka-1991, uNelson Mandela wathola unongorwana wokumhlonipha eJwanibhege e-Univesithi ye-Witwatersrand ngokuzinikela kwakhe enarheni le, nokuba mdosiphambili oyikakaramba okhe wabonwa eSewula Africa....more
Abalweli bekululeko abanengi ukubalwa noNelson Mandela, egade eligcwetha ngeskhatheso basolwa ngumlandu wokuzama ukuketula umbuso ngeminyaka yabo 1950 yebandlululo....more
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Igama Lomndenazo Elijayelekileko
Coelacanth
Elinye Igama Ebizwa Ngalo
Milenze emine emidala (Old Four legs)
Igama Lesayensi
Latimeriidae
Ubukhulu
Ingakhula beyibe yimitha yinye nekhomba (1.7m)
Ikambiso Yokufanisa
Inomzimba omude kanye namacephe wesikhumba sawo amakhulu alengelelako. Amaphepha akha isikhumba sayo aneencenye ezilengeleleko nezakheke njengamazinyo. Inezitho zokuthaya ezikulu zemuva kanye nezisendaweni ekhipha ithuvi ezifanako. Inomsila orondo. Inombala ofana nekhopha nokuhlaza okumnyama kanye namacatjhazana akhanyako emzimbeni.
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Umndeni wama-Latimeriidae wakhiwe mukhakhawo owodwa kanye nemihlobazo emibili. Kukhe kwecatjangwa bonyana zitjhabalele, kodwana zabuya zatholakala ngomnyaka ka-1938. Esibonelo sazo sokuthoma sabanjwa ngaphandle kweligu le-East London, ngapphandle komlambo i-Chalumna river.
Zitholakala ngaphakathi kwamanzi atjhingela ngamamitha alikhulu ukuya kamakhulu amane hlanganga namarholorholo wangemanzini. Izitho zayo zokuthaya ezise sifubeni kanye nezisemuva zizisebenzisela ukukhamba lokha nazithayako. Zizuma ebusuku begodu zimihlobo ezala amadzinyani aphila ngokuwaqoqoselelela ngendeni.
Ukudla Kwazo
Ziphila ngokudla iimilo zemanzini atjhingelako, neminye imihlobo efana nama-skates, eels. Imhlobo olisebenzisa khulu ithuba nayidlako. Ibabuthaka nayidlako, ngebangelo ayidingi ukudla okunengi.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Iindawo zazo ezaziwako zifaka hlangana i-Sodwana, Comoros kanye ne-Indonesia.
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Igama
Liqala (Mhloboomkhulu), Reedbuck [Redunca arundinum]
Ukwakhekanokuvelakwayo
Inesilinganiso sobukhulu nofana ubudisi obungaba makhilogremu amasumi alikhomba (70 Kg) begodu eziduna zakhona zinesilinganiso sobude obumamilimitha amakhulu alithoba namasumi amahlanu (950 mm).
Ezisikazi zincani begodu zinesilinganiso sobukhulu nofana ubudisi obumakhilogremu amasumi amahlanu nanye (51 Kg), kanye nesilinganiso sobude obuphakamileko obumamilimitha amakhulu abunane (800 mm).
Amaboyayo amlotho okuqarhe nombala ozotho kanye namathumbu anombala omhlophe, umsila nawo umhlophe begodu umaruthuruthu kanye nencenye yesiphetho esinzima. Zinoboya obunzima ngaphasi kwendlebe obumumetha idlala. Ngeziduna kwaphela ezineempondo ezide ngesilinganiso esimakhukhulu amane namasumi amahlanu.
Ukudla /Idayethi
Zimhlobo ophila ngokudla utjani ngendlela yokubukhetha. Lokha utjani bungekho zizithola sele zidla idlanzana lamakhambi, nanyana zimhlobo otjhagala khulu ebusuku nje, kodwana ngesikhathi lapho ubujamo bungasibuhle zitholakala zidla nemini.
Ukuzala Nokukhulisa
Ezisikazi zivamise ukumitha kokuthoma nazineenyanga ezilisumi nahlanu ukuya kezilisumi nobunane, kuthi eziduna zibesebujameni bokungajarha ngemva kweminyaka emibili.
Zizala ilamjana linye kesinye nesinye isikhathi sonyaka kodwana ukuzala okunengi kubonakala khulu ngesikhathi sehlobo, ngemva kwesikhathi sekambiso yokumitha esimalanga amakhulu amabili namasumi amabili nahlanu (225 days).
Amalamjana afihlwa eendaweni ezifihlekileko ukufikela eenyangeni ezintathu, ukwenzela bona aphume sele akghona ukuzijamela endaweni lapho ziphila khona.
Ukuziphatha Kwazo
Zitholalakala ngomndeni begodu zinobukhulu obuphakathi ngesilinganiso. Nayigijimako inendlela eyaziwa ngayo yokukhamba, iphakamisa umsila bese iveze ihlangothi lawo langaphasi elimhlophe. Kumhlobo wenyamazana ezizwana nokuvikela isifunda nofana umhlambi khulu.
Iimpongo zakhona zihlala zivekela lezo ezisikazi kilezo ezinye eziduna ngesikhathi sokujarha. Ngesikhathi ezisikazi zifinyelela esigabeni sokukhula ngokwaneleko, ziyaphuma emhlambini ziyokuhloma yazo imihlambi nofana imindeni.
Amalamjana aduna ziyawabekezelela begodu akghona ukuhlala emhlambini ukufikela eminyakenawo emithathu yobudala. Umhlobo lo wepunzi (Reedbuck) uhlobene khulu namaqala (Mountain Reedbuck).
Iindawo Zokuhlala/Ikhayalazo/Isikhundla
Ikhayalazo kuba ziindawo ezimidzwele nofana eeyalweni. Ngetjhwa iindawo ezinjengalezi zinciphe khulu ngebanga lokuncipha komhlobo lo weempunzi.
Lapho Zitholakala Khona
Namhlanje iinpunzezi zingabonwa esiqiwini se-Kruger National Park, epumalanga yemalwandle nofona imilambo ye-St.Lucia, esiqiwini seembandana i-Hluhluwe game reserve kanye nakelinye idlanzana leenciwi zembandana zesiFundeni saKwaZulu-Natal.
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Iindawo ezihlapha amaTswana eSewula Africa azikajwayeleki ngebanga lokobana zikulu kodwana zihlangene ngebanga lokobana zomile. Nanyana kunjalo ekuthomeni kwabo-19th century, ezinye iinarha zamaTswana, ekhabe zifudukile ngebanga lokufuna ukuzivikela, khabe sele zizele ukudlula iKapa, ekhabe kulidorobha elikhulu ukuwadlula woke ngeskhatheso.
Ekuthomeni khabe kungajakwayeleki kobana woke amalunga wesitjhaba ahlale enarheni ngobunengi eduze kwalapha ekhabe kuhlala khona ikosi. Amanye amakhosi eza azokubusa iindawo eziseduze, ngebanga lokobana ahlule iinkosi zalapho, kanye nangebanga lokwakhiwa kwenarha zabantu abanengi esele bababusa.
Ikhaya ekwenziwa kilo ezinto zamasiko, ngilo elincani, begodu kuvamise kobana indoda ibe nomfazi kanye nabentwana, kodwana esikhathini esinengi khabe ihlala nanamadodana wayo athetheko, abafazi babo kanye nabentwababo.
Imizi yemakhaya ngokwesiko inendlu yinye nanyana ezinengi kanye nendlu ejaridini ezonjelwezwe mgaba nanyana ifensi yengodo, nakungasi mthangala.abantu abatjhadileko bahlala ngendlini yinye kanye nabentwana abencani, amatlawana nabasegwabo gade babelana yabo indlu, kuthi abantu abadala abangakatjhadi nabo bahlale ngakwezinze izindlu okuya ngobulili babao.
Izindlwezo gade zisetjenziselwa ukubeka izinto kanye nokulala, ukupheka kanye nokwenza ezinye izinto zokuzithabisa ezenzeka ngejaradenapha. Kade amalunga womndeni gade bazakhela imizabo bebazikhiqizele ukudla kwabo.
Inarha, ifuyo, kanye nemakhiwo zazenziwa yihloko yekhaya okhabe atjela amalunga womndeni kobana enzeni. Njengehloko yekhaya, kulindeleke kobana ahlonitjhwe, asetjenzelwe, athole nehlonipho ebafazini bakhe kanye nebantwaneni bakhe, begodu nguye ekhabe aphatha eziphahelene nezemthetho zekhaya nabantu bangaphandle. Imithandazo kanye neminikelo ekhabe yenziwa ekhaya, yenzelwa abezimu khabe kumisebenzi yakhe, nanyana gade abawa irhelebho kwabadala kunaye ekhaya.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana
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Ngaphambi kobana ulivule kutlhogeka bona wenze ezinye izinto zokuqinisekisa bona ihlelo lakho lilungile bese ulungisa nendawakho. Nasele uyibukelile ividiyo begodu ufunde namanowutsi, zalisa ikhwizi ukuhlola bona uyazwisisa na. Uzokukghona ukwenza kanengi ikhwizi ngendlela ofuna ngayo kobana uphumelele begodu uzokuhlahlwa nangeempendulo ezilungileko. Nasele uwaqede WOMATHATHU amaKhwizi, i-SmartStarters izokuthola isitifikedi sokuqedwa kwebandulo. Sikufisela itjhudu! Nangabe unobudisi, bawa umbadulakho akusize.
Video
Due to production issues, we unfortunately only have an English version of the training. Please accept our apologies
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ISITHALA (ESIFUNDWA EBANDLENI) Septemba 2016
IsiThalesi sineehloko ezizokufundwa kusukela ngomhlaka-24 Oktoba kufika ngomhlaka-27 Novemba 2016.
UJehova ubaqinisa abe abakhuthaze njani abantu bakhe? Alo wena-ke ungakwenza njani lokho?
Abantu bakaZimu bahlangabezana neenqabo ezinengi tle njengombana balinga ngamandla ukuthandwa nguZimu. Kodwana nanyana kunjalo bayathumba!
IBhayibheli litjho ukuthini kebeHebheru 4:12 nalithi ‘iliZwi lakaZimu’ “liphilile, linamandla”?
Nathi singafunda endleleni umpostoli uPowula aqalana ngayo neendaba zemithetho namhlanjesi.
Iinkambiso eziseliZwini lakaZimu kwamambala zingasinqophisa.
UFakazi wePoland neweFiji bathathe iinqunto ezivuthiweko.
Inga-kghini uzizwa ugandeleleka bona ukholelwe into ethileko mhlamunye ngebanga lokuthi abantu abanengi bayayikholelwa, njengokuthi ukholelwe ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo kunokuthi ukholelwe ekutheni izinto zadalwa? Nakhibe uzizwa njalo, ilwazeli lenzelwe wena.
Ngezinye iinkhathi nawuqalene nomraro, inga-kghani khewuzizwe kwanga angeze wakghona ukuqalana nawo? Naka amagadango amane ongawathatha begodu azokusiza uphumelele.
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