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“Umnyaka womusa [kaJehova]” akusi mnyaka wamambala
61:1, 2
Sikhathi lapho uJehova anikela khona abantu abathobekileko ithuba lokusabela esimemezelweni sakhe sokuthula
Ngesikhathi sabapostoli, umnyaka womusa kaJehova wathoma lokha uJesu nakathoma ikonzwakhe ngomnyaka ka-29. Waraga bekwaba ‘lilanga lokuzibuyiselela’ lakaJehova nakuzakutjhatjalaliswa iJerusalema ngomnyaka ka-70
Esikhathini sethu, umnyaka womusa wathoma mhlazana uJesu abayiKosi ezulwini ngo-1914, uzokuphela nakufika isizi elikhulu
UJehova ubusisa abantu bakhe ‘ngemithi emikhulu yokulunga’
61:3, 4, NW
Ngokujayelekileko imithi emide kunayo yoke ephasini ikhula ndawonye ehlathini, ngombana iyasekelana
Imirabhu emikhulu iyabophana, ukwenzela ukuqinisa umuthi nokuwuvikela lokha nakunesiwuruwuru
Umthunzi womuthi omkhulu uvikela iintjalo ezincani, bese amakari awa emthini loyo avundisa ihlabathi
Ephasini mazombe woke amabandla wamaKrestu ayazuza ekusekeleni, nesivikelweni ‘semithi emikhulu yokulunga,’ okubabantu abakhethelwe ukuyokuphila ezulwini abasesephasini
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ISITHALA
Isethulo: Isiphorofido sabakhweli beempera ezine sokupheliswa kwephasi ngesinye sezenzakalo esaziwa khulu encwadini yeSambulo. Abanye siyabathusa. Abanye siyabathabisa.
UmTlolo: sAm 1:3
Ozokukhambisa: IsiThalesi sihlathulula indlela isiphorofido sabakhweli beempera ezine esisilethela ngayo iindaba ezimnandi.
FUNDISA IQINISO
Umbuzo: Ucabanga ukuthi kungakghoneka ukwazi bona ingomuso lisiphatheleni?
UmTlolo: Isa 46:10
Iqiniso: UZimu usebenzisa iliZwi lakhe iBhayibheli ukusazisa ngengomuso.
UMNDENAKHO UNGATHABA
Isethulo: Sitjengisa abantu ividiyo efitjhani ekhuluma ngomndeni. [Dlala isethulo sevidiyo ethi Umndenakho Ungathaba.]
Ozokukhambisa: Nange uthanda ukufunda incwajana evezwe evidiyweni le, ngingakupha yona namkha ngikutjengise ukuthi ungayidawunloda njani ku-inthanethi.
ZENZELE ITJUMAYELWAKHO
Sebenzisa indlela engehla le uzenzele yakho itjumayelo.
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Igama
Isipharela (Southern Tree Agama, Black-necked Agama or Blue-throated Agama) [Acanthocercus atricollis]
Isigaba
Reptilia
Irhemo
Squamata
Umndenazo
Agamidae
Imihlobo yakwabo
Kunemihlobo engabalelwa kesithandathu yesipharelesi, kodwana ayikahlathululwa ngokwaneleko.
Ubude besisikazi
135 mm
Ubude besiduna
167 mm
Ihlathululo
Lesisipharela esikhulu nesinehloko ebanzi. Eziduna ezijarhako zinombala onzima okufipheleko ukuyela kohlaza ngemhlana, kanye namabala ahlaza ekuthomeni nofana phambili, ukuyela embaleni osarulana okumthuthu wangemva kwehloko, kanye nombala ohlaza sasibhakabhaka okumnyama ehloko.
Ukwabeka nokusabalala kwazo
Zitholakala enarheni ye-Ethiopia, ukukhamba ngaphakathi kwePumalanga ye-Afrika ukuyela eencenyeni zeTlhagwini-Pumalanga yeenarha ezincani, ukuyokufinyelela isewula yeligu laKwaZuulu-Natal, ePumalanga ye-Botswana (Lobatsi) kanye ne-Ovamboland.
Ukuhlangana nesiduna nokubekelisana
Esisikazi sibekela amaqanda amahlanu ukuya kalisumi nane, weqephe elithambileko emgodini owenjiwe ehlabathini emanzi. Ziqoqosela ngemva kwamalanga amasumi alithoba.
Ukudla
Siphila ngeentethe, ugedathuvi, abonambonge nezinye iinunwana.
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Emandulo
Mhlana amalanga ama-8 kuSihlabantangana ngonyaka ka-1933, kwatholaka iliba elirarako elingaziwako bona ngelakuphi, elalizele imisebenzi yegolide, latholakala esamithini esifundeni esimumango. Iinsalela zomphakathi wemandulo lwezi, esele yaziwa ngokobana kusebukhosini bentaba yeMapungubwe, kwakusele bulele lapho bulitjelwe esikhathi esingange nkulungwana ezingaphezu kwezekhomba.
Indawo le yentaba iMapungubwe isitjela umlando wokuphumulela kwe-Iron-Age, eLimpopo ayayibuswa yikosi ye-Africa qitjhe iminyaka engaphezulu kwesigidi eyadlulako. Ukukweriyela iMapungubwe Hill, endaweni lapho ama-atjheloji agubha khona ubhejani werhawuda odumileko, nesenta emangazako ehlathululako eseduze neyege yokuthoma, ekhayeni lakabhejani werhawuda kulindelekile!
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe
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White-breasted Cormorant.
Igama
Igubulu (Whitebreasted Cormorant)
Igama lesi-Latin
Phalacrocorax carbo
Umndenazo
Phalacrocoracidae
Ubude
90 cm
Indawo yokuhlala
Zitholakala ngayinye nangeenqhema emadwaleni weligu, esihlengeleni kanye nelingeqadi lamanzi, kanye nangaphakathi kwamanzi lapho zivamise ukuditjha emithini efileko.
Isibalo samadzinyanazo
Ziba namadzinyana amathathu ukuya kamane (kesinye isikhathi aba mahlanu)
Ukuhlangana neduna nokubekelisana
Zihlangana bezibekelisane kesinye nesinye isikhathi sonyaka, lokhu kwenzeka ngenyanga kaRhoboyi nofana uTjhirhweni kuthi inengi lakho kwenzeke khulu eKapa nofana ePhondolwandle; kugadangiswe ukusuka ngenyanga kaNtaka ukuya kuSewula emaphakathini wenarha. Amaqanda abamathathu ukuya kamane, kodwana kesinye isikhathi aba mahlanu, wombala othanda ukubamhlophe okutshehla okuqarheke ngombala ohlaza satjani nohlaza sasibhakabhaka nakasesematjha.
Ihlathululo ngamadzinyanazo
Amadzinyana la anombala omhlophe encenyeni yomzimba ephasi, ukuyela ngokuhluka kwawo emathunjini.
Ihlathululo ngezidala
Zaziwa ngobukhulu nombala omhlophe encenyeni ephasi yomzimba, kuthi umphimbayo ukuyela esifubeni nofana emadzinyaneni, kunombala omhlopphe amathumbawo woke, begodu amhlophe ukudlula amadzinyana walezp ezaziwa ngama-Reed Cormorant.
Ubujamo
Zibahlali abajayelekileko nofana bakhona eduzapha.
Ukusabalala nokwabeka kwazo
Zitholakala umhlaba woke, kanye nenarhakazini yoke ye-Afrika.
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Igama
Ikukhamba, Oryx [Oryx gazelle]
Ihlathululo
Lomhlobo wenyamaza enesimilo sokuhla eendaweni ezingana zulu zeSewula ye-Afkika, zikghona ukuphila endaweni elirhalawumba nofana igagadu. Zithola iinfuneko nofana ukomela amamanzi kilokho ezikudlako.
Kiyo yoke imihlobo yeenyamazana i-Oryx ilitshwayo lerhalawumba yenarheni ye-Namibia. Ikhaya layo liba yindawo evulekileko enganamithunzi begodu ilanga lakhona litjhisa khudlwana, imithi emameva imaqalanga. Zizalelwa emarhalawumbeni begodu zakheke njengomeyila wepera, zinamandla nokubambelela ngokuphila ngembijana yotjani berhalawumba. Nazingana lapho zisela khona amanzi zisebenzisa amaqhinga wokobana zivumele izinga lomtjhiso wemizimbazo bona likhuphuke ngokudluleleko libe semazingeni wokutjhisa ama- 35.7°C to 45°C (113F), zifese zehlisi ukutjhisa lokho ngokurhwamuka ngabomakghadlana kunye nomjuluko. Kesinye isikhathi ithi ingathunda imunye umthondwayo.
Lapho zitholakala khona
Zitholakala emarhalawumbeni weSewula ye-Afrika: erhalawumbheni le-Namib, Kalahari, Gemsbok National Park nakezinye iinciwi zamarhalwumba ezizijameleko.
Ukudla
Ziphila ngokudla amakara ahlaza, utjani kunye neenhlanhla, kodwana gesikhathi sesomiso zikhamba zizuma ukudla begodu zidla namathuthumbo. Ukususa ukomela amanzi zemba iinhlahla ezinamanzi bezidle nomhlobo wamaswiri womhlobo we-tsama
Ukukhulisa nokuzala
Nanyana inymazana le inganaso isikhathi esisodwa ezala ngazo. Ivame ukuzala ikonyana linye ngemva kwesikhathi sekambiso yokumitha eethatha iinyanga ezingaba lithoba. Zijarhana ngokuya ngokulungela ukujarhwa kwalezo ezisikazi kunye neenkuzi zomhlambazo.
Ukuziphatha
Iimhlambi yeenyamazana ezisikazi zikhamba zingena hlangana nomhlambi weenkunzi zifunana nokudla. Iinkunzi ezingasizo zomhlambi othileko zigoba iphondo lokha kufika lezo eziphethe umhlambi ngehloso yokubalekela ipi yeenkuzi. Indlela umhlobo lo uziphatha ngayo ikhambisana namandla kunye nokubulunga amanzi. Nakutjhisa ilanga zivamise ukulala emithunzini yemithi kodwana lapho kungamamthunzi zinonde ziphanduka ukwenzela bona ilanga lingazitjhisi endaweni eyodwa yomzimba. Iinkunzi ezimukhama wodwa zaziwa khulu ngobukhali bazo bokubulala amabhubezi ngokuhlaba ngeempondo zazo ezibukhali.
Indawo yokuhlala
Zithanda ukuhlala endaweni enotjani obomileko kodwana kesinye isikhathi zibenzisa iindawo zetjingalanga yamadwala we-Namib, esandeni yamarhalwumba we-Namib kunye ne-Kalahara esarhalawumba.
Lapho zitholakala khona
Iinyamazanezi zitholaka pheze kiwo zoke iinciwi zeembandana zeSewula Afrika begodu zikhe zathunyelwa neendwaeni lapho ekhezakhamba khamba khona bese zaqimela.
Iinlwani ezibulalwa ikukhamba
Lezo ezibuthakathaka ezingakghoni ukuzivike namakonyanazo zibulawa bezidliwe khulu mabhubezi, izingwe, iihlosi, iimpisi, nezinja zomango.
Ukuvela nokwakheka kwayo
Iyinyamazana enemida enzima nokumhlophe ebusweni kunye nemilenzeni, inemida enzima emahlangothini kunye nomsila omude nonzima ngombala. Iinkuinzi ziphakame ngamamithara ama-1.2 kunye nesilinganiso sobudisi esingaba makhilogremu ama-240. Zombili esikazi neduna zineempondo, kodwana zaleyo eduna zifitjhani begodu zideke kunalezo zesikazi.
Ilwazi elibuthelelwe emangwenazo
Igameli litjhugululwe lasiwa elimini le-Afrkaans ukusuka e-Dutch, lona lisuselwa egameni le-Europe elithi Chamois; elihlathulula umhlobo wenyamazana yempondo ezifitjhani. Iimpondo zenyamazana le zide begodu zinepende embi, zaziwa ngokuhlaba bezibulale iinlwani eziyingongo nazisahlelako kunye namanabazo.
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Ukuvela nokwakheka kwayo
Inciliba (struthio camelus) ililunga lesiqhema seenyoni ezaziwa ngokuthi ma-ratites,ngokuthi zimlobo ongaphaphiko begodu ezingana kuguqa ukuya ethanjeni lesifuba sayo. Kizo zoke iinyoni zomhlobo ezibalelwa eenkulungwaneni ezi-8,600 eziphilako namhlanje, inciliba ikulwazo nofan ngekulu kunazo zoke. Iphakamile nayijamileko, ngemilenzayo emide, injalo nje inentamo ede, egobeneko eyande ngombala omhlophe. Umzimbayo olilunda walezo eziduna umbeswe masiba wombala onzima kuthi amaphiko kanye nencenye yesiphetho somsila sibenombala omhlophe. Esikazi inombala ozotho nomhlophe. Nokho iinyonezi njengombana zivamise ukuphakama ngamamitha amabili nambili (2.6 m) kanye nesilinganiso sobudisi esimakhilogremu alikhulu namasumi amathathu nahlanu (135 kg), azikghoni ukuphapha, kodwana zigijima ngebelo eliphezulu.
Ukudla
Iinciliba zimhlobo weenyoni ezidla iimilo kwaphela, zidla utjani, umomori kanye neembewu, nanyana kesinye isikhathi zidla iinunwana nje. Ziginya amatjana amancani amanengi ukwenzela ukusizeka nayigaya ukudla okuqinileko esidlelweni begodu kuyisiza ukutjisa.
Ukubekelisana nokuhlangana neduna
Iinciliba zihlangana neduna ipilwazo yoke, begodu zifukamela amaqanda ngokubambisana. Iinciliba ziba nesakhiwo esifaka hlangana ubulili obuhlukeneko. Eziduna zesifunda zilwela ummhlambi wentathu ukuya kezihlanu ezisikazi. Ukuhlangana kwazo kuvame ukukhonjiswa ngokuhlebahleba kanye nokujayiva. Naziqeda ukuhlukaniseka ngokuya ngalezo ezihlanganako nezibekelisanako, kezinye zeenndawo iinciliba zihlanganyela isidleke kuvikeleke amaqanda avamise ukuba lisumi nane ukuya kamasumi asithandathu. Isidleke sazo sivamise ukuba sehlabathini lapho zivamise ukurhubha khona umgodi otjhingela ngegadango linye ukuya kamabili. Iqanda linye libalelwa ema-intjhini asithandathu ngobude, ama-intjhi amahlanu ngobubanzi, kanti-ke anesilinganiso esimaphawundi amathathu, begodu anombala ohlotjhana okurhanyazelako. Anjalo nje athatha amalanga amasumi amathathu nahlanu ukuya kamasumi amane ukuthi aqoqoselwe.
Eduna nenamasiba amanengi anzima, ihlala phezu kwamaqanda ebusuku, kuthi leyo yombala ozotho okufipheleko, evamise ukubekela amaqanda amasumi amabili, iwahlalela emini kwaphela. Lokhu kwenza bonyana isidleke sayo singabonakali lula. Nayithuselweko lokha isesidlekeni esikazi ivamise ukupatalalisa intamayo phasi ehlabathini, bese ihlanganisa iinsiba zomzimbayo nephasi. Iinciliba, ziphambene nekolelo edumileko ngazo, azibulungi nofana zihlome iinhloko zazo ehlabathini. Naziqeda ukuqoqosela amadzinyana, kuba ngeduna evamise ukuwatlhogomela ukufikela lapho akhula khona ngokwaneleko nalapho akghona ukuzijamela.
Iinciliba ezifuyiweko
Iinciliba zipheze zaqedwa nya ngesikhathi se-18th century ngebanga lokuzunya kweensiba zayo. Kuthe phakathi kwe-19th century, ngonobangela wokufuywa kwazo khulu emaplasini kwandise isibalo sazo. Ijimeli litjhugulukele ekufuyweni kanye nekupheni isibindi ubukhona beenciliba, esikhundleni sokuzunywa kwazo. Iinciliba zifuyeke ngepumelelo begodu njenganje sele zitholakala emaplasini umhlaba zombelele, khulukhulu eSewula Afrika, lapho zisetjenziselwa inyama, neensiba zazo kanye nesikhumba. Isikhumba sayo sivamise ukutjhukwa ukufikela lapho sele senzelwa ifetjheni efaka hlangana amabhudzu neenkhwama.
Indawo yokuhlala
Inengi leenciliba zomango zitholakala ngokuhlukaniseka ngeenqhema eTjhingalanga kanye neSewula Afrika kuthi inengi lazo liphile eenthalelweni nofana eenciwini zeembandana ezivikelekileko epumalanga yenarhakazi. Zaziwa ngokuhlala eendaweni ezomileko begodu zikghona ukuphila nofana zijamelane nokoma okubalelwa emaphesendeni amasumi amabili nahlanu (25%).
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Ungenza isibawo sokuthiya inambapleyidi yekoloyakho ngawe ngokuhlanganisa abonobumba neenomboro ezinye nezinye ngokuzithandela [ukuvunywa kwesibawo sakho kuyame kumvumo ezokunikelwa nguSomkhandlu, ngaphasi kwemibandela yokobana inomboro namkha abonobumba labo bayamukeleka begodu abanahlamba.
Ibizo nanyana inomboro oli/oyikhethako akukafaneli bona li/idlule amagama alikhomba nanyana iinomboro ezilikhomba [kungabalwa itshwayo lesifunda] begodu kufanele kukhambisane nekambiso yokwenza isibawo senambapleyidi ejayelekileko (isib: kufanele ibe netshwayo lesifunda) begodu ligwalwe belinanyathiselwe ngendlela efana neyenambapleyidi ejayelekileko. Ibizo nanyana inomboro oyisebenzisileko ngeze zasetjenziswa ngomunye umuntu.
- Vakatjhela iziko lokutlolisa iinkoloyi elisemthethweni langekhenu bese uzalise iforomo lokwenza isibawo ozolinikelwa ngibo.
- Isibawo sakho asinanyathiselwe imitlolo elandelako:
- Ikhophi kamazisi eqinisekisiweko
- Isitifikedi sokutloliswa kwekoloyi.
- Bhadela imbadela ebekiweko.
Isibawo sisetjenzwa besiqedwe ngelanga linye.
Fumana ilwazi mayelana neendleko ezikweni lokutlolisa elisemthethweni langekhenu. Iimbadela zihluka ngokweemfunda.
Amaforomo afumaneka ezikweni lokutlolisa iinkoloyi elisemthethweni.
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Umnyanya wokungenisa abobaba udlala indima ekulu esiNdebeleni. Lokho kutjho bonyana ubaba sekanemvumo yokuya kwandodanakhe ayokuvakatjha ngombanyana selangenisiwe begodu akasakuzili.
Ubaba ugubulula umlobokazi wakwakhe ngoukuthi amhlabise imbuzi. Nasele amgubululile, lokho kutjho bonyana bayalotjhisana kodwana abathintani. Ubaba ungena nabafowabo, abodadwabo nabomalumakhe lendodana. Kazi ubaba akangeni ngendlini kwandodana kufikela ayongena ngokwesiko lesiNdebele. Kodwana nakungavela ingozi efana nokufa, uyangena nanyana angakangeniswa ngokomthetho.
Nawunomfakela mayelana nezindlu zakwaMahlangu nokulandelana kwazo, sibawa usithumele zona ku- [email protected]
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Ibizo lakhe lesiXhosa nguNomzamo: Okutjho bona“olingako”. Ibizo lakhe sele liphelele nguNomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela.
Udume khulu ngebizo laka-Winnie Madikizela-Mandela nangokuba “ngumma wesitjhaba” begodu imitlhago ahlangabezana nayo ngokuba mfazi kaMandela lokha nakabotjhiweko.
Wathoma ibizelo lakhe njengonohlalakuhle, uWinnie walahlekelwa zizinto ezinengi, wanikela ngepilo yakhe ekulwisaneni nokungabinobulungiswa kwakarhulumende ekhabe abubona, okwamenza bona abemlweli wetjhaphuluko.
I-SouthAfrica.co.za iqala iindlela ezinikela ngayo ekutheni sithole inarha esihlala kiyo namhlanye ukusukela lokha ahlala e-Transkei ukuya ekubeni ngomunye wabadosa phambili ekutjhaphululeni abantu beSewula Africa ekugandelelweni.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
Ngezi 26 zakaKhukhulamungu 1936, uNomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela wabelethelwa esigodini seBizana kade ekhabe ibizwa bona yi-Transkei...more
Ukutjhada nomunye wabantu odume ngokungathandi ibandlululo gade kungasilula. Indoda ka-Winnie Mandela, uNelson khabe...more
Unyaka ka-1960 kanye no-1961 waletha ithabo kuWinnie ngebanga lokobana wabeletha indodakazi yakhe yesibili uZindziswa...more
Ngaphandle kokobana ukumdingiswa kwenza bona angarhoni ukuya lapha afuna ukuya khona, uWinnie Mandela waragela...more
Ngemva kokobana uWinnie atjhatjhululwe ekudingisweni eBrandfort bamvumela kobana abuyele ekhaya ngonyaka ka-1986....more
Ngemva kokobana isikhathi sebandlululo sele siphelisiwe, sele kuthome ikhomitjhini yokubuyelana neyeqiniso/-Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)...more
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Iinyosi zitlhoga amanzi ngeenhloso ezimbili.
Kokuthoma, amanzi asetjenziselwa ukuqarha iluji elimamaqa ukwenzela bona lifakwe ekudleni. Kwesibili, iinyosi zitlhoga amanzi ukupholisa izindlu.
Bakwenza lokhu ngokuthela amanzi kancani lokha amazinga womtjhiso adlula i-35°C. Ukuncibillika kwamanzi kupholisa umoya ongaphakathi kwendlu yeenyosi urhelebhe ukuqiniseka bona amaqanda ayaqhamuseleka.
Ebusika, umoya ongaphakathi kwezindlu zeenyosi kufanele ulethe ubuswe obaneleko. Lokhu kuvamise ukukhiqiza amanzi amanengi, okwenza bona kube namathosi. Lokhu kungabulala iinyosi nakungana lapha kungena khona umoya ngaphakathi kwendlu leyo.
Iinyosi zingatlhoga amanzi lokha nawuthuthela izindlu zazo eendaweni ezikude.
Uzinikela Njani amanzi Iinyosi
Iinyosi azibeki amanzi endlini zazo kodwana zitlhoga ukuya ngaphandle ziyokubuthelela amanzi. Nange kunganamanzi wemvelo aseduze nezindlu zawo, utlhoga ukupha iinyosi amanzi. Ukuba namanzi ahlwengekileko eduze kungarhelebha ukuphungula amandla asetjenziswa ziinyosi naziyokufuna amanzi.
Iinyosi ngokwemvelo zimunya ubuswe eendaweni ezimanzi ezifana nehlabathi (nanyana zidosa amanzi esezambathweni) kunaloyo asehlabathini.
Isimumathi esingaba yi-75 cm² (ekungaba bukhulu beskhafuthini esiyisvalo esi-500 g) ingalunga. Indawo eyihlabathi kufanele ibe yikhulu kunaleyo emamanzi - isibonelo, ipiringhi elizele ama-ali. Nakungasinjalo, beka into iinyosi ezingathaya kiyo ukukhandela bona zingaminzi.Ungafaka amanzi emumathini zokupha iinkukhu amanzi ezivakwe amatje ambalwa.
Ungasebenzisa iimumathi zokufaka amanzi ezibekwa ekungeneni kwezindlu zayo, kodwana lapha kunamanzi ahlanganyelwako eduze kwe-apiary kungafaneleka. Qiniseka bona imithombo yamanzi ayihlanganyeliwa nezinye iinlwane.
Imithombo Emihle Yamanzi
Nange iinyosi zinga oda iinselo zazo, zingathanda amanzi anetswayi. Isibonelo, zithanda ingurumela nanyana amanzi asemadamini. Iimfundo zamva nje zitjengisa bona iinyosi zithanda amanzi anetwayi elingaba yi-0.15 – 0.3% (NaCl). Lesi kungaba yitelebhula letswayi elingana iodine qobe amalitha ayi-3.5 emalitheni amathathu wamanzi. Iinyosi zithanda amanzi afuthumeleko kunalawo angaba kwayi-18°C.
Lokha nawuthatha isiqunto sokobana ngumuphi umthombo omuhle wamanzi weenyosi, kuyarhelebha ukuqabanga njengenyosi. Amehlo wenyosi (woke womahlanu) enzwe arhona ukuzwelela amatjhuguluko ekukhambeni kanye nemkhwanyeni, kodwana ngokuphapha msinya begodu phezulu, kungenza zingarhoni ukubona imithombo yamanzi.
Abarhubhululi abafunda ngeenyosi sele bathole bona iinyosi zirhona ukunukelela amanzi. Amanzi anuka njengehlabathi, iintjalo zamanzi, iintjalo ezibolako nanyana ukuncipha kwe-chlorine (kuma-swimming pools) mamanzi athandwa zinyosi kunamanzi ahlwengekileko. Imithombo yamanzi le, imumethe amavithamini kanye nezinye izakhimzimba ezingenza ncono izakhimzimba zeenyosi.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe
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Ukuba nelwazi ngeenyosi kanye nenunwana kuqakathekile lokhanyana nawufuya iinyosi ukuqiniseka bona unomhlambi onepilo kanye nekhwalithi engcono yemikhiqizo ehlobana neenyosi.
Ukulawula kanye nokutlhogomela amalwelwe weenyosi, kanye nezindlu zazo kufanele kutloliswe begodu ubulwelwe obunye nobunye bubikwe ehlanganweni yengekhenu etjheja abafuyi beenyosi.
Ukurhunyezwa kweenunwana eziqakathekileko kanye namalwelwazo eSewula Afrika kuya ngemetheriyali yerhubhululo yokuvikelwa kweentjalo ye-Agricultural Research Council 'ARC'.
I-American Foulbrood
Ubulwelwe obuthelelana khulu beenunwana obubizwa ngokobana yi American foulbrood 'AFB' - bubangelwa yibhakutheriya i-Paenibacillus larvae ekubudisi khulu ukuyelapha begodu ibangela bona kufe iinyosi ezinengi.
Amatjhwayo wobulwelobu: kukufa kwelava bese iba nomnuko ongasimnandi. Iinyosi ezinobulwelobu ziba namaphetheni ahlukeneko adege bese ikhekheba lazo liba inga linamafutha belirhohlomele.
Ubuwelwe be-Amoeba
Ubulwelwobu bubamba isistimu yokugaya yeenyosi begodu bubangwa yi-protozoan ebizwa bona yi-Malpighamoeba mellificae. Nanyana busengakabonwa lapha eSewula Afrika 2018, sele butholiwe eZimbabwe.
I-Chalkbrood
I-fungus i-Ascosphaera apis ebanga ubulwelwe be-chalkbrood ibamba kwaphela ilava yenyosi. Ilava encani ebnajwe bulwelobu ayikavamisi ukutjengisa amatjhwayo kodwana izowatjengisa nayiqeda ukufa ngemva kokuvala iseli yayo ye-pupae. Iinyosi ezisebenzako zivula amaseli zithole ilava efileko 'mummies' ebonakala kuhle.
Amatjhwayo wobulwelwe: Abafuyi beenyosi bangabona amatjhwayo wobuwelobu lokha nababona ama-mummy anga yireyisi ekungeneni kwezindlu zeenyosi ezingenwe bulwelobu.
I-European Foulbrood
©National beekeeping unit
I-European foulbrood 'EFB' yibhakutheriya elibamba ilava yenyosi lokha nayisesigabeni sokwenza ikhakhaba. Nanyana lingasi yingozi njalo. I-EFB bulwelwe obujwayeleke khulu beenyosi eSewula Afrika begodu bubangwa yibhakutheriya i-Melissococcus pluton. Kusulolwa bonyana i-bhakutheriya le ikhona emihlanjini weenyosi kodwana iba yingozi lokha iinyosi zigandeleleke ngokomkhubulo.
Amatjhwayo wobulwelwe: Ukufa msinya kwelava nanyana ilava ifileko esisongele ngaphambili, esarulana ngombala, nanyana enzotho, encibibilkileko emahlangothini anamaseli nanyana eyomileko enga yiraba.
Nanyana butholwa emfundeni zone zeSewula Afrika, ubulwelobu buba bukhali khulu eendaweni ezitjhisako ezifana ne-Limpopo kanye naKwaZulu-Natal.
I-Nosema
I-Nosema bulwelwe obubangwa yi-Nosema apis, ebubamba amathumbu kanye nokudoseka kwezakhi mzimba zeenyosi ezidala. Lokhu kurholela ekutheni kukhiqizwe ukudla okuncani ekungaholela bona kuthuthuke inani eliphasi lamalava elingaba yi-15% kwaphela.
Amatjhwayo wobulwelwobu: Ubulwelobu bungabonwa kwaphela lokha nakusetjenziswa i-microscope kodwana amatjhwayo waso angafaka hlangana iinyosi ezibudlabha nezidiniweko ezinamathumbu avuvukileko. Begoda zingarhuda amakaka anzotho ngombala anabonwa ezindlini zazo nanyana emakhekhebeni.
Ubulwelwe be-Nosema bungatholakala eemfudeni zoke zeSewula Afrika, kodwana abubangi ukufa kweenyosi.
I-Varroa Destructor
Umkhaza omncani onzotho ngombala oyi-ectoparasitic Varroa destructor yipharasayidi eliyingozi khulu leenyosi elibanga ukobana zingakheki kuhle kanye nokobana inyosi ibe sbaga. Burhatjheka ngokwemvelo, eenyosini zetjingalanga 'i-Apis cerana' ukuya eenyosini zepumalanga 'i-Apis mellifera'.
Imikhaza yomhlobo ye-Varroa yipharasayidi langaphandle elihlasela iinyosi ezidala kanye nelava. Kodwana ubuhlobo nama-virus, ebanga ukungenwa bulwelobu, benza bube budisi ubulwelobu kanye nokobana kube budisi ukubelapha obulwelwe obuyingozobu beenyosi.
Imihlambi yeenyosi ebanjwe yinomboro ephezulu ye Nosema inemiraro yamanye amalwelwe weenyosi kanye neenunwana ezifana nama-beetle atholakala ezindlini zeenyosi, i-chalkbrood kanye ne-Braula coeca, inunwana enganamaphiko.
Amatjhwayo wobulwelwe: Kuba namaphetheni abanzi angasimahle arhatjhekileko, kanye narhohlomeleko kanye namakhekheba ahlafunyiweko kanye nelava eminzileko ngaphasi nanyana emahlangothini weseli. Eenyosini ezidala – iinyosi ezingarhoni ukuphapha ezirharhabako nezichwalileko.
Bayvarol, and Apivar, ingasetjenziswa ukulwisana ne-Varroa destructor eSewula Afrika.
I-Tracheal Mites
Ubulwelwe be-Acarine eenyosini bubangwa mukhaza omncani, i-tracheal mite, Acarapis woodi. Imikhaza le isika uqhoqhoqho wenyosi udle i-haemolymph (igazi lenyosi).
Amatjhwayo wobulwelobu: Akekho amatjhwayo abonakalako womkhaza lo ngombana amatjhwayo wabo ahlotjaniswa ne-Nosema kanye namanye ama-virus.
Umkhaza i-Tracheal mite sele uhlotjaniswe nokobana inyosi enabo enempiko ezingakahlali kuhle ezingu-“K”, iinyosi ezirharhaba phasi eduze kwezindlu zazo ezibhalelwa kuphapha.
Imikhaza le mincani begodu ibonwa kwaphela ngokusebenzisa i-microscope. Ayisiminengi eemfundeni ezinengi zeSewula Afrika.
I-Wax Moth
Ilava ezembeleko ye-wax moth 'Galleria mellonella' itjhiya umtlhala we-silk orareneko owona ikhekheba loke. Imihlambi eqinileko ingarhona ukulawula i-moth. Izindlu zeenyosi ezisenfundeni ezimakhaza azikavami ukubanjwa yi-wax moth.
I-Bee Viruses
i-Sacbrood virus 'SBV' is Yivarayisi eyaziwa khulu ebulwelwe ebunamatjhwayo abonakalako.
Amatjhwayo wobulwelobu: ingaphandle elizungeleze ilava lizala amanzi, lokha ihloko engakheki kuhle iba nzima. I-Sacbrood ingabonwa godu ngokobana zibe nephetheni ebanzi erhohlomeleko, enganambala kanye namakhekhebe anamahlangothi engakaqondi.
Ukutheleleka ngobulwelwobu obuyingozi obubizwa bona yi-paralysis virus 'CBPV' kanye ne-acute bee paralysis virus 'ABPV' kutjengisa iinyosi zirharhaba phasi ezindlini zazo kanye naphambi kwazo. Bese ziyafa ngemva kwamalangana.
Iinyosi ezibanjwe bulwelobu ziyaqhaqhazela, zibhalelwa kuphapha ekufana nalokha ziphethwe bulwelwe be Nosema.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe
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Namhlanje ku-Iketsetse–Zenzele, uMike uphumile ebudisini, kgani akusinjalo? Yini lokhu uMike asolo akufihlela u-Sebe malungana nomlayezo orarako ekaradeni lakhe?
Siyakuthokozisa Amos Khumalo othumbe i-R4000 ephaliswaneni lethu nakilabo abazithumbele ama-airtime.
Nje-ke, sikhathi sokuzithumbela ama-voucher we- airtime namkha unongorwana ongomkhulu we- R4000 nawuphendula naku umbuzo olula ipendulo yakhona oyikhetha kezinengi.
Ngiyiphi kilama-account angenzasi u-Zack asand’ukuyivula?
A. Yi-Bizlaunch Account
B. Yi-Prestige Banking Current Account namkha
C. yi-Money Market Call Account
Ukungenela sms’sela u- A,u- B namkha u-C negama, nesibongo kunye ne-ID yakho ku-31531. Iphaliswaneli livalwa ngelesibili ngezi 22 September 2015.
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UJesu weza ephasini wazokunikela ngepilo yakhe ngebanga labantu abanesono. Nanyana afa njalo, kodwana walihlula iphasi. UJehova wathembeka eNdodaneni yakhe, wayivusa yabuye yaphila. UJesu wazithoba, wasiza abantu, wabalibalela nalokha nabatjhaphileko. Lokho wakwenza bewayokufa. Nakavuswako, wayokuvela ebafundini bakhe.Wabafundisa umsebenzi oqakatheke khulu bewabaphathisa wona bona bawenze. Nawumbelethi siza umntwanakho abone ukuthi nathi sisawenza umsebenzi oqakathekileko loyo namhlanjesi.
ENGCENYENI LE
UJesu unikela abapostoli bakhe iinqophiso eziqakathekileko esidlweni samaswaphela sakhe nabo.
UJudasi Isikariyodi urhola isiqhema samadoda ahlome ngeensabula neembhuku, kuyokubotjhwa uJesu.
Kwenzekani esigodlweni sakaKhayafasi? Begodu kwenzekani kuJesu ngesikhathi angendlini?
Kubayini uPilatu athi uJesu akabulawe?
Ngimiphi imikarisomraro eyenzeka ngemva kokubulawa kwakauJesu?
Khuyini eyenzwa nguJesu ukwenzela bona abuyise iingqondo zabo?
Ngaphambi kokuthi enze njalo, wayala abafundi bakhe ngemiyalo eqakatheke khulu.
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ISITHALA
Umbuzo: Ngokombonwakho amezwi la azakhe azaliseke na?
UmTlolo: sAm 21:3, 4
Ozokukhambisa: IsiThalesi sikhuluma ngendlela uZimu azokuzalisa ngayo isithembiswesi nalokho esikutjhoko kuwe.
ISITHALA (ikhasi elisekugcineni)
Umbuzo: Sibawa utjheje umbuzo lo. [Khulumela umbuzo wokuthoma nendlela abantu abangawuphendula ngayo esihlokweni esisekhasini 16.] Ucabangani?
UmTlolo: Rhu 83:18, NW
Ozokukhambisa: Isihlokwesi sihlathulula ngokunabileko lokho okutjhiwo liBhayibheli ngebizo lakaZimu.
OKUFUNDISWA YIBHAYIBHILI
Umbuzo: Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi uZimu ulawula iphaseli. Kodwana bewazi ukuthi iBhayibheli alikufundisi lokho?
UmTlolo: 1Jw 5:19
Ozokukhambisa: Incwadi le iveza ihlathululo ezwakalako yalokho okufundiswa liBhayibheli kwamambala esihlokwenesi nezinye ezinengi.
ZENZELE ITJUMAYELWAKHO
Akhewenze yakho itjumayelo uthathele kilezi ezingehla
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ISITHALA (ESIFUNDWA EBANDLENI) Novemba 2016
IsiThalesi sineenhloko ezizokufundwa kusukela ngomhlaka-26 Disemba kufikela ngomhlaka-29 Janabari 2017.
UJesu wakhuluma njani ngendlela eduduzako?
Kubayini ukukhuthazana kuqakathekile? Khuyini esingayifunda endleleni uJehova, uJesu, noPowula abakhuthaza ngayo abanye? Ungakhuthaza njani ngendlela ephumelelako?
UJehova uhleleke ngendlela erarako. Inga-kghani akukafuzi silindele bonyana nabakhulekeli bakhe bahleleke?
Abantu bakaZimu nabenza okusemandlenabo bona balalele iinluleko ezivela eliliZwini lakhe bebabambisane nehlanganwakhe bayavuna tle.
Nawe unelungelo lokusekela.
Abantu bakaZimu bangena njani ebumnyameni ngeminyaka yekhulu lesibili? Balungiswa nini begodu njani?
Abantu bakaZimu batjhaphuluka nini ngokupheleleko ekuthunjweni nekulawulweni liBhabheli?
Eminyakeni elitjhumi yoke abatjhumayeli beBrithani akhange bande! Khuyini eyatjhentjha izinto?
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Kuqakathekile ukuthi sithembele kuJehova ngeenkhathi ezimnandi nezibudisi. (Rhu 25:1, 2) Ngeenkhathi zangaphambi kokubelethwa kwakaJesu, amaJuda aqalana nobujamo obubudisi ebebulinga ukuthembela kwabo kuZimu. Okwenzekako kusifundisa okunengi. (Rom 15:4) Ngemva kobana ubukele ividiyo ethi, “Mina Ngithemba Wena Jehova,” ungayiphendula njani imibuzo elandelako le?
UHezekhiya waqalana nabuphi ubujamo obubudisi?
UHezekhiya wayisebenzisa njani ikambisolawulo efumaneka kuzAga 22:3 njengombana bekaqalene nepi?
Kubayini uHezekhiya angakhenge azinikele kuma-Asiriya namkha enze isivumelwano neGibhide?
Ngisiphi isibonelo esihle uHezekhiya asibekela amaKrestu?
Ngibuphi ubujamo namhlanjesi obungalinga ukuthembela kwethu kuJehova?
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11:6-9
Indlela isiphorofidwesi esisebenza ngayo kuma-Israyeli
Njengombana abuya ekuthunjweni yiBhabhiloni bekungatlhogeki ukuthi ama-Israyeli asabe iinlwana zommango namkha abantu.—Ezr 8:21, 22
Indlela isiphorofidwesi esisebenza ngayo kithi namhlanje
Ilwazi lakaJehova litjhugulule amaphilo wabantu. Abantu egade banenturhu banokuthula. Ilwazi lakaZimu lenza abantu baba sepharadesi elingokomfanekiso
Indlela isiphorofidwesi esizokuzaliseka ngayo esikhathini esizako
Ngokomnqopho kaZimu wekuthomeni, iphasi loke lizokutjhugululwa libe yipharadesi elinokuthula, neliphephileko. Asikho isidalwa, kungaba babantu namkha iinlwana, okuzokuba yingozi
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Ama-Hops – Isthako Esiqakathekileko Sebhiya
I-Hop lithuthumbo elonyisiweko elisikazi lesivini i-Humulus lupulus esisuka emndenini ofanako newe-cannabis. Isetjenziswa khulu njengesinye isthako esiqakathekileko sokwenza ibhiya begodu sikhipha umnambitheko otjhuquleko lokha sidlala indima eyenza bona lihlale isikhathi eside. Isivini se-hop kulula ukusitjala bgodu singafikelela ku-7.6 ngobude, sikhiqiza amathuthumbo onyisiweko angaba yi-900 g.
Ukulungiselela Ukutjala Istjalo Sakho se-Hop
Igadango lokuthoma olenza nawutjala i-hop kuthatha isiqunto sokobana ufuna umhlobo muphi ngombana amathuthumbo la anemihlobo edlula kweyi-80 ongakhetha kiyo. Imihlobo yama-hop le ihlukaniswe ngengaba ezintathu:Kunalayo atjhuqisako,aletha iphunga nenza kokubili, okuya ngokobana umncopho wawo yini. Hlangana nemihlobo ethandwako eSewula Africa kubalwa i-African Queen, Southern Aroma, Southern Passion kanye ne-Southern Star.
Ngemva kokobana sele ukhethile umhlobo owwuthandako we-hop uzokutlhoga bona uthole umrabhu walo ithuthumbeli obizwa bona yi-rhizome. I-Rhizome ye-hop isencenyeni yomrabhu westjalo. Ufana nesivini samadiribe nanyana iingodo begodu umumethe iinhlumela lapha kumila khona iintjalo ezitja. I-Rhizome kufanele imanziswe kancani, ibekwe etjhwaratjhwareni ifakwe esiqandisini iphole. Ingabekwa ngendlela le iinyanga ingabi nomraro.
Indawo ehle Yokutjala Istjalo se-hop
Ama-hop atlhoga ukutjalwa enkhundleni ezivundlileko nezivulekileko ngombala akhula abe made. Akukafaneli atjalwe ngendlini. Indawo ehle lapha angatjalwa khona izokuba okungasenani mamitha amathathu ukuya kwesithandathu ngobude lapha azokurhona ukurharhaba khona. Kuncono ubeke iingodo ezizowasekela lokha nakakhulako - ungavumeli arharhabe emapalini wegezi. Kufanele kube nesikhundla esaneleko phasi lapha kuzokutjalwa khona imirabhu we-hop ihlukaniswe ngemitha lapha kunenkhundla ezingaba yi-1, 5 m ezihlukanise imihlobo ehlukeneko yama-hop.
Indawo okhethe ukuwatjala kiyo kufanele ithola ama-iri asithandathu ukuya kwabunane welanga qobe malanga. Kufanele utjale esikhundleni lapha kunganamoya khulu nalapha ihlabathi ikhipha amanzi. Nange amanzi angaphumi kunomraro ungakha intatjana ye-hop ngehlabathi kanye namatje ngehlanganisela yesanda ukwenza imibhede yokutjala eloso.
Ihlabathi ehle Yokutjala i-Hop
Amathuthumbo we-hop akabi mahle nakunobuswe obunengi khulu. Ihlabathi elidaka ingarholela ekujameni kwamanzi azokubolisa imirabhu abulale istjalo. Ihlabathi ehle yokutjala i-hop kufanele ibeloso. Qiniseka bona ususa amagiqa amakhulu, amatje kanye nekhula ngaphambi kokobana utjale ehlabathini ozabe utjala kiyo. Peta ihlabathi itjhingele nge-30 cm ukuya phasi. Ungavundisa ihlabathakho ngokudla okunamathambo nokunengazi.Kuhle hle ihlabathi emila iinthelo kanye nemirorho ingamila i-hop.
Ihlabathi ehle yokuyitjala ikhamba ngendlela le:
I-pH ye- 5.5 - 8.0
Lapha ihlabathi inezakhi mzimba ezine-potassium (K) kanye ne-phosphorus (P) ephin daphindeke kabili kune-nitrogen
E-ne Boron (B) eneminerali eletha inzuzo ekutjaleni i-hop
Iskhathi Esihle Sokutjala Istjalo se-Hop
Kuncono ukutjala istjalo se-hop ebusika lapha kuzokuba neskhathi esinengi ngaphambi kokobana uvune ehlobo. Ukutjala imirabhu yakho msinya kuncono kunokuwutjala lada. Imirabhu yaso irhona ukujaelana namazinga womtjhiso aphasi angaba yi-6℃. Iskhathi esihle sokuyitjala sihlangana kwaka-Meyi noVelabahlinze.
Itjalwa njani Imirabhu ye-Hop
Yemba umgodi otjhingela nge-10 cm, okungaba bubude bomrabhu ofuna ukuwutjala beka umrabho uwulalise emgodini. Wuqalisise uqiniseke bona imiranhu ekhona iqale ngehlabathini iinhlumela ziqale phezulu. Sebenzisa izandla zakho ukubuyisela ihlabathi phezu kwestjalo. Sivale ngotjani ukukhandela ikhula. Hlola ihlabathi, uyithelelele sitjalo size sithome ukumila.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe
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Njengombana umjovo sele ube hlangana neenkhali eziqakatheke khulu ezisetjenziswa bafuyi ukuvikela amalwele athileko nje, nokho iyanisiqiniseko sokobana iinkukhu soze zagula. Umjovo othileko, wenzelwe umhlobo othileko wobulwelwe, nje-ke iinkukhu zisengagula nangabe kuqubuka omunye umhlobo onamandla wobulwele. Umjovo lo ungahluleka ukuqinisa amasotja womzimba, nangabe kukhona okutjhaphileko ngesikhathi usetjenziswa.
Ukuze kuhtolakale imiphumela emihle, umjovo lo kufuze ubehlangana namaqhinga wokulwisana nomhlobo omkhulu wamalwele, ekufaka hlangana ukusetjenziswa ngepumelelo kwendlela yokukhandela amalwele, ukuhlwengeka kwendawazo kanye nokukuqeda isigandeleli somkjhumbulo eendaweni zomkhiqizo.
Abakhiqizi kufuze basenzisana nezazi zabo ukuthi bakwazi ukuhlelela kuhle imijovo kanye nehloso yayo nekuqaliswe emalweleni anobungozi obukhulu eendaweni zomkhiqizo. Lokha nakuthengwa iinkukhu zomhlobo weenkukhu ezimadzinyana akhule ngamalanga nofana aneemveke ezili-18 zobudala, kufuneka bonyana bathole isistifikeyiti esibufakazi bokobanyana iinkukhu zikhe zathola umjovo wokulwisana namalwele.
Iindlela Zokuyisebenzisa
Iindlela ezijayeleke khulu zokwenza umjovo lo eenkukhwini ezibekelako kanye nemaplasini, zifaka hlangana ukusebenzisa isifufuzeli, amathosi wamehlo nofana amanzi wokusela.
Ngokusebenzisa ispreyi nofana isifufuzeli, umjovo lo ufakwa ngemanzini bese utjhuguluka ukhambisane nanmanzi ukusuka lapho kufufuzelwe phezu kweenkukhu. Iimpreyi zingaba yindlela elula khulu, ngokuthi amadzinyana angemabhoksini akhanjiswe ebhandeni elizombelezako lomtjhiso, nofana ibe yindlela engakarisiko neyingeyakade, lokha abantu bayisebenzisa ngokuthi babambe ispreyi ngezandla nofana basibhebhule.
Amathosana amancani ajayteleke anomphumela omuhle ukudlula amathosi amakhulu. Iinkukhu kufuze zifufuzelwe ekuseni kungakabi nomtjhiso omnengi khulu begodu nangaphasi kobujamo obunomoya ongasimunengi.
Ngokusetjenziswa kwamathosi wamehlo, ithosi linye lomjovo, lithontiselwa ngemanzini, lese lisetjenziswa elihlweni lekukhu yinye ithosi ngalinye. Ithoseli kufuze lisetjenziswe ngendlela efaneleko nokuqinisekisa begodu kufuze lihlanganiswe kuhle nangendle edingekako ukuqinisekisa bonyana lenza umsebenzalo.
Amathosi wamehlo la anomphumela omuhle khulu nakasetjenziseswa ngendlela efaneleko, kodwana kusuke kube msebenzi omkhulu khulu kamanye wamaplasi, njengombana kufuze kubanjwe ikukhu ngayinye ukuze ijoviwe. Nokho kuyindlela ehle kilabo bafuyi abangaka fuyi iinkukhu ezinengi nofana nalapho kufuywe ngokuhlanganyela khona, begodu lapho kungafuneki izandla khulu.
Umjovo lo ungasetjenziswa nemanzini wokusela. Ukuze kutholakale imiphumela emihle, umNyango wezokuLima eSewula Afrika, uyelelisa abakhiqizi bonyana basuse amanzi wokusela ama-awara angaba mabili, ukuqinisekisa bonyana iinkukhu ziwomela ngokwaneleko lokha nakuzo kufakwa umjovo emanzini.
Eendaweni ezitjhisa khulu akudingeki bonyana kususwe amanzi. Kunalokho kungadingeka bonyana kungezelelwe iindawo zokuselwa kwamanzi, ukuqinisekisa bonyana zoke iinkukhu zithola ithuba elaneleko lokusela amanzi afakwe ipengu le. Amanzi angakajovwa kufuze athelwe ngemva kwalokho.
Kungasetjenziswa idayi nofana indlela yokutshwaya ngesikhathi senye nenye yeendlelezi ukwenzela ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezo esele zifakwe umjovo nezingakafakwa.
Ipumelelo
Ngemva kwendlela le, iinkukhwezi kufuze zihlolwe ngokwaneleko ukwenzela ukubona bonyana iinkukhwezi ziyakghona ukujamelana nokutshwayeleka malwele.
Iinkukhu kufuze zikhombise umehluko nazifakwe umjovo lo, ngemva kwamalanga angaba mabili ukuya kamathathu zijoviwe. Nokho amatshwayo la kufuze abonakale bekube malanga angaba mahlanu ukuya kalikhomba, nokho kuya nangemihlobo yemijovo esetjenzisiweko, lokhu kungafaka hlangana amatshwayo afana netjhada lokuphefumula nofana ukurhorhoza, ukuthintitha ihloko kanengi, ukuphuma iminyembezi nofana amathuthuva ancinca amanzi. Kungahlola neengazi ukuqinisekisa bonyana iinkukhu zinamasotja athuthukileko.
Nangabe akubonakali amatshwayo la kungenzeka bonyana umjovo awukenzi umsebenzawo. Isazi nofana umakekere weenkukhu kungafanele bonyana abizwe nangabe amatshwayo la abonakala ahlala isikhathi eside khulu nofana abonakala amambi khulu ukudlula indlela ethathwa njengejayelekileko.
Ukungaphumeleli
Ihlangano ye-South African Poultry Association (SAPA) ithatha bonyana iimphoso zabantu ngizo ezibangela bonyana kungenzeki ngepumelelo. I-SAPA ipha iiyeleliso ezilandelako zokujova ngepumelelo:
- Inengi lemijovo kufuze ibekwe eendaweni zomtjhiso ongaba ma-degree celcius amane ukuya kabumnane. Nje-ke sebenzisa ibhoksi elipholileko zokuthola izingeli lomtjhiso ngesikhathi zithuthukiselwa kenye indawo ngesithuthi kanye nokubeka imijovo le eendaweni ezisiqandisi esithembekako emaplasini. Lokha nangabe umjovo ufikiswe lapho usiwa khona, qinisekisa bonyana isesemakhaza nayifika eplasini.
- Imijovo le kufuze ivikelwe ekuhlabeni nkutjhisweni lilanga.
- Tjheja amalanga wokuluphala newokudlulelwa sikhasi abhalwe ebhoksini lawo.
- Hlanganisa bewusebenzise umjovo lo ngokulandela imiyalo.
- Umjovo lo kufuze usetjenziswe msinya nawuqeda ukuhlanganiswa.
- Sebenzisa inani nomjovo ofaneleko.
- Sebenzisa umjovo ofaneleko, njengomba kunemihlobo yamalwele ebukhali.
- Sebenzisa umjovo lo ngesikhathi esifaneleko. Eminye yemijovo ayisebenzi emadzinyaneni begodu imijovo yokukhulisa kufuze ifakwe ngesikhathi esifaneleko ukwenzela ukuqinisa amasotja womzimba. Kunjalo nje akusizi ukupha umjovo ikukhu esele ugula.
- Qinissekisa bonyana abantu abenza umsebenzi womjovo lo bathwasisiwe ukuwenza.
- Qiisekisa bonyana zoke iinkukhu zithola umjovo olinganako, esikhundleni sokupha ezinye khulu kuthi ezinye ziphiwe kancani, khulukhulu lokha umjovo wenziwa ngesifufuzelo nofana ngamanzi wokusela.
- Nakufakwa umjovo ngamanzi wokusela, qinisekisa bonyana amanzi la akanabulwembu ngombana ubulwembu bungona amandla amumethwe mjovo loyo.
- Ungaophi iinkukhu iihlahla ezinye ezilwisana namagcikwana lokha nawufaka umjovo lo, njengmbana loho kungabanga bonyana amandla womjovo loyo.
- Ungaphi umjovo ongaphezu kowodwa ngesikhathi sinye, ngaphandle kokuthi umjovo loyo uze uvangwe bakhiqizi bawo.
- Ungaphi umjovo iinkukhu eziphethwe sigandeleli somkhumbulo, esibangwe yondawo ezihlala kiyo, ukudla okunganapilo kuhle, imikhaza nobusayisayi nofana amalwele, njengombana iinyonezi zingekha zakghona ukuba namandla wokujamelana namatshwayo eziwakhombisa ngemva kokuthola umjovo. Umjovo ungadlangisa isigandeleli esiziphetheko sangeleso isikhathi bezibangele nokhunye ukugula.
- Beka amarekhodi akhombisa bonyana umjovo wanziwe eenkukhwini ukuthi wazi nokuthi kufze wenziwe nini umjovo olandelako.
Translated by Johannes Nkosinathi
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Kubulula na ukulalela ababelethi bakho ngaso soke isikhathi?— Ngezinye iinkhathi kubudisi. Uyazi na bona uJesu bekalalela uJehova nababelethi bakhe?— Isibonelo sakhe singakusiza bona ulalele ababelethi bakho ngitjho nalapho kungasilula. Akhe sifunde okungeziweko malungana nalokhu.
Ngaphambi kobana uJesu eze ephasini, bekasezulwini noBabakhe, uJehova. Kodwana uJesu bekanababelethi nephasinapha. Amabizo wabo bekunguJosefa noMariya. Uyazi bona baba njani babelethi bakhe?—
UJehova wathatha ukuphila kwakaJesu ezulwini wakufaka ngaphakathi kwakaMariya ukwenzela bona uJesu abelethwe begodu aphile ephasini. Lokho bekusimangaliso! UJesu wakhula ngaphakathi kwakaMariya njengombana nabanye abantwana bakhula ngaphakathi kwabommabo. Ngemva kweenyanga ezilithoba, uJesu wabelethwa. Kwenzeka bunjalo bona uMariya nobaba wakwakhe, uJosefa, babe babelethi bakaJesu ephasinapha.
Ngesikhathi uJesu aneminyaka eli-12, wenza okuthileko okwatjengisa bona umthanda kangangani uBabakhe, uJehova. Lokho kwenzeka ngesikhathi uJesu nomndeni wekhabo bathatha ikhambo elide baye ePhasikeni eJerusalema. Nasele babuyela emva ekhaya, uJosefa noMariya azange bamfumane uJesu. Uyazi bona uJesu bekakuphi?—
Kubayini uJesu bekasethempelini?
UJosefa noMariya barhaba babuyela emva eJerusalema bafuna uJesu kiyo yoke indawo. Bebatshwenyeke khulu ngombana bebangamfumani. Kodwana ngemva kwamalanga amathathu, bamfumana ethempelini! Uyazi bona kubayini uJesu bekasethempelini?— Ngombana lapho bekafunda ngoBabakhe, uJehova. Bekamthanda uJehova begodu afuna ukufunda bona angamthabisa njani. Ngitjho nanyana sekakhulile ayindoda, uJesu bekalalela uJehova ngaso soke isikhathi. UJesu walalela ngitjho nanyana bekubudisi ukulalela begodu kuzomenza ezwe ubuhlungu. Inga-kghani uJesu wabalalela ababelethi bakhe uJosefa noMariya?— Iye, iBhayibheli ithi wabalalela.
Ungafundani esibonelweni sakaJesu?— Kufuze ulalele ababelethi bakho, ngitjho nanyana kubudisi. Uzokwenza lokho?—
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UJehova uzibikezela ngokunembileko izenzakalo zangomuso
“Lolani imisubela”
51:11, 28
AmaMede namaPheresiya bekanekghono lokusebenzisa imisubela nomsebe begodu bekusikhali esithenjiweko. Bebayilola kuhle imisubelabo bona ingene kuzwakale enyameni
“Iingorho zeBhabheli zilisile ukulwa”
51:30
Imitlolo kaNabonidus ithi: “Ibutho lakaKoretjhi langena eBhabheli ngaphandle kokulwa.” Lokhu kungenzeka kutjho ukuthi bangena ngaphandle kokulwa begodu kuvumelana nesiphorofido sakaJoromiya
‘IBhabheli lizakuba siqorho samatje, libe marubhi wamlibe’
51:37, 62
Ukudunyiswa kweBhabheli kwathoma ukufiphala ngomnyaka ka-539. U-Alexander omKhulu bekanqophe ukwenza iBhabheli libe yihlokodorobha kodwana wahlongakala kungakalindeleki. Lokha nakuthoma isikhathi samaKrestu, amaJuda bekasahlala lapho, kungebangelo umpostoli uPitrosi avakatjhela iBhabheli. Kodwana ngekhulu lesine leminyaka, idorobha besele limarubhi
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NgoMatjhi 23, silindele abantu ebayi-12 miliyoni namkha iimvakatjhi ezinengi ukuthi zibe khona esiKhumbuzweni. Bazokufumana ubufakazi obuhle khulu njengombana isikhulumi sizabe sikhuluma ngesipho sakaJehova sesihlengo nezinye iimbusiso ezizokufunyanwa babantu ngomuso! (Isa 11:6-9; 35:5, 6; 65:21-23; Jwa 3:16) Nanyana kunjalo, akusisikhulumi kwaphela esizokunikela ubufakazi esenzakalweni esikhethekilekwesi. Soke singaba nengcenye ngokwamukela iimvakatjhi zethu ngethando. (Rom 15:7) Nanzi ezinye iimphakamiso ezilandelako.
Kunokobana ufike uhlale begodu ulinde ukuthoma kwehlelo lomhlangano, yamukela iimvakatjhi nabantu abapholileko ngokuthi umomotheke begodu ubalotjhise ngethabo
Kunokobana utjheje khulu labo obamemileko, naka nabanye okungenzeka beze esiKhumbuzweni ngebanga lejima lokukhambisa isimemo. Bawa abasathomako ukuza esifundweni ukuthi bahlale nawe. Funda nabo eBhayibhelinakho begodu ucule nabo
Ngemva kwekulumo, ziphe isikhathi sokuphendula imibuzo. Nangabe isikhathi silinganiselwe ngebanga lokuthi ibandla kufuze litjhidele elinye, yenza amalungiselelo wokuthi uvakatjhele umuntu loyo emalangeni. Nangabe awunayo imininingwanakhe, ungathi: “Bengingathanda ukuzwa ukuthi ucabangani ngekulumo yesiKhumbuzo. Kghani ngingakufumana njani?”
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© Illustration by Tom Milner Out Here magazine
Iimbuzi zine-metabolism egaya msinya begodu zihlala zikhamba zifuna ukudla. Amalwelwe wamaqatha kanye namaqatha angatlhogonyelwako enza bona kube budisi kobana zikhambakhambe zifune ukudla ngombana zizwa ubuhlungu.
Lokha amaqatha sele akhule khulu kungarholela ekutheni abole (esthendeni) nahlangana kwemino kiwo emaqatheni. Amaqatha kufanele agudwe okungasenani amahlandla amane qobe nyaka ukuwenza bona ahlale esebujameni obuhle, qala amaqatha wamaputwama kobana asebujameni obunjani.
Bulatjhwa njani Ubulwelwe be-Hoof Scald
I-hoof scald yamaqatha ivamise ukwenzeka lokha kumanzi phasi nanyana iinlwanyana ezibizwa bona yi-Fusobacterium necrophorum zibanga ukuvuvuka hlangana neenzwani. Iskhumba esihlangana neenzwani singaba hlaza besithambe sibe nombala opinki begodu sizwele lokha nawusithintako. Nabungalwatjhwa ubulwelobu imbuzi ingaba nabo unomphela. Putjuzela ihlanganisela eyi-10% ye-copper sulfate nanyana i-zinc sulfate hlangana neenzwani. Kungasetjenziswa nehlanganisela ye-iodine eyi-7%.
Nangabe imbuzi zidla emadlelweni, zilapha ngemva kokobana kusuke umbethe/DEW nanyana uzibeke eendaweni eyomileko isikhathi esingaba mairi ayi-24 ngemva kokobana uzilaphe. Ihlanganisela le izokomela emaqatheni kanye neenyaweni begodu izokusebenza. Lokha zizinengi imbuzi ezibanjwe bulwelobu zifake ebhadeni enehlanganisela ye-zinc nanyana i-copper sulfate uvume bona ingenelele emaqatheni.
Imbuzi zomhlobo we-Boer ngizo ezivamise ukubanjwa bulwelwe be-hoof scald.
Bulatjhwa njani Ukubola Kwamaqatha
Ukubola kweenyawo zembuzi bulwelwe obuthelelanako bamaqatha eembuzini kanye neemvini obubangwa yinlwanyana ezibizwa bona yi-Dichelobacter nodosus kanye ne-Fusobacterium necrophorum. Dichelobacter nodosus, ezitholwa ehlabathini esilaphazekileko.
Itjhwayo lokothoma Iokobana amaqatha wembuzi ayabola kukobana imbuzi zithome zihluze begodu zibe nephunga elimbi begodu ziphume nebubomvu. Ukulatjhwa kwenziwa ngokobana kugudwe nanyana athrinywe kususwe iinthende ezingenwe bulwelwobu esele buhlukene namathitjhu.
Ngemva kokuzithrima, iinlwane ezibanjwe bulwelobu kufanele zijanyiswe isikhathi esingaba mizuzu emihlanu emanzini afakwe ihlanganisela yekhopha kanye ne-zinc sulfate eyi-10%. Lokhu kungaphindwa kanye ngeveke iimveke ezine. Iinlwane ezingapholiko kufanele zibulawe. Ukusilaphazeka kungenzeka lokha imbuzi engenwe bulwelobu ihlanganiswa nezinye iokungarholela bona nazo zingenwe bulwelobu.
Nalokha iinlwanyana ezingenwe bulwelobu zingena ehlabathini bese zikakarele iinyathelo zemvakatjhi.
Athrinywa njani Amaqatha Weembuzi
Isikhathi esilungileko sokuthrima amaqatha wembuzi kungemva kokuna kwezulu, lokha amaqatha athambile begodu kubulula bona athrinyiwe.Ukusebenzisa ipende yesikero, uthome ngokususa ukusilaphazeka okukhona emaqatheni kanye nedaka. Ngemva kwalokhu tjhega bona isithende seqatha sileveli ngaphambi kokobana uthome ukuzithrima.
Thoma ngokuthrima ipende yeqatha linye bese uthrima ilingaphandle leqatha, nangabe amaqatha gade sele khule khulu wavule ngokutjheja ulisike ngokulenza iincetjhana. Ungarhabi nawenza lokhu ugcine sele ulikere wenza iincephu ezikulu ngombana ingacina sele amaqathayo abluya. Thrima kancani kancani amaqatha uze ubone imida emhlophe elitjengisa ukuvela kweqatha elitjha. Ungalisa ukulithrima nasele isthende sivele sinombala opinki nalokha sele ukubola koke okuseqatheni sele kususiwe. Ngemva kwalokho thrima ilingaphakathi lesthende hlangana namazwani lapha kuhlangana khona isthende.
Tjheja nawenza lokhu ngombana isthende sithambile kunezinye iincenye zeqatha. Ukubola kwamaqatha kuvamise ukutholwa eduze kweempende zamazwani akukavamisi ukwenzeka eenthendeni.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe
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Ngokuya ngokwendaba eziqoqwako, amaPedi umtlhalawo uvela eMaroteng, ngaphasi kwamaKgatla, ekuyincenye namaTswana. Kukholelwa kobana eminyakeni eminengi eyadlulako, ngeminyaka yabo-1500, abantu bemaMoreteng gade bahlala eduze kwe-Vaal. Ngaphasi kwekosi uTabane basuka endaweni ebizwa bona yi-Skilpadfontein eduze kwePitori nje.
Iinkakaramba zithi ngeskhathi nakubusa umzukulu kaTabane, uMotsha, umfazakhe ekhabe amthanda khulu uMmathobele wabekwa umlandu wokubeletha umntwana okhabe alila asesengesibelethweni sakhe (okwakuthiwa litjhwayo lobuloyi). Abadala bafuna kobana umma nomntwanakhe babulawe. Ukukhandela lokho uThobele owabusa ngemva kwakaMotsha wasuka endaweni leyo. Yena nabalandeli bakhe abanengi, ekubalwa hlangana nabo uMmathobele kanye nontwanakhe, baya epumalanga, bawelela umlambo i-Olifants eduze kwendawo ebizwa bona yi-Marble hall kwanje.
Bazinza e-Steelpoort emlanjeni i-(Tubatse) ngeminyaka yabo-1650. Lokha nabawelela iintaba ze-Leolo, kuthiwa bathola ingungumbani esithubini sentjhotjhwani, ebayithatha njengetjhwayo elihle. Ukusukela lapho uMaroteng wathatha ingungumbani leyo (noko) njengozimabo. Ngemva kwesikhathi uMaroteng waphatha isifunda esikhulu.
Imibono yokobana amaPedi alithola njani ibizo labo iyabethana. Abanye bathi ibizo labeli balithola ekoneni ibizo elithi Vhambedzi, ekulibizo lesiqhema samaVenda egade ahlala entabeni ze-Leolo. Kukholelwa kobana bafundisa abaMoroteng egade babanengi irhono labo lokurhweba nge-iron. Lokha nabenza lokho isiqhema samaVhambedzi kancani kancani sangena ngaphasi kwesamaPedi, ekwarholela ekutheni iinqhema ezimbilezi zigcine sele zaziwa ngesiqhema sinye samaPedi.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana
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U-Albertina Sisulu ngomunye wabantu abahlonitjhwa khulu emlandweni weSewula Africa. Sekathole ukuhlonitjhwa amahlandla amanengi ngomsebenzakho kanye nokuzibophelela kwakhe emtlhagweni wokulwisana nebandlululo:
Ngonyaka ka-1986 wathola inongorwana we-honorary citizenship ye-Reggio nell’Emilia inarheni yange-Italy.
Ngonyaka ka-1988 iphephandaba lange-Lenasia, i-The Indicator, lanikeza umndeni wakwa Sisulu unongorwana womenzindaba wonyaka /- Newsmaker of the Year Award.
Wakhethwa njengoMongameli we-khansela lokuthula lephasi /-World Peace Council enarheni ye-Switzerland kusukela ngonyaka ka-1993 ukuya kwewaka-1996. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuhlonipha ndima ayidlalako yokulwisana nebandlululo kanye neyokuba ngunohlalakuhle.
Ngonyaka ka-1994 waba yincenye yabasebenzi bepalamende yedemokhrasi lapha asebenza khona iminyaka emine, wathatha umhlalaphasi.Wathola nonongorwana kuMongameli weskhatheso uNelson Mandela.
Ngonyaka ka-1999 wanikezwa unongorwana wokumhlonipha njengodorhodere anikezwa liziko eliphezulu le-Witwatersrand ngokuzinikela kwakhe ekulwisaneni nebandlululo kanye nokulwela ubulungiswa eSewula Africa.
Ngonyaka ka-2003 wahlonitjhwa ngeminyaka yokuzinikela alwela zobulungiswa zabantu beSewula Africa lapha kwavulwa khona isenta yabentwana abanentlhogeko ezikhethekileko eSoweto eyathiyelelwa ngaye.
Ngonyaka ka-2004 wakhetha wabasehlandleni lesi-57 kumabonwakude ku-SABC 3’s Great South Africans
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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Ikhambo Ngeskepe
Ngavakatjhela eRobben Island kokuthoma ngonyaka ka 1989, ngekhambo elikhethekileko leskolo. Skhetheso gade kusese lijele elisebenzako, engikukhumbulako ngendawo leya, kokobana yayinzima, iyindawo embi, enuka ithemba emoyeni onetswayi. Kwanje, iRobben Island sele yalungiswa yenziwa indawo yemvakatjhi begodu iimbotjhwa zakhona sele kungizo ezilawula ababhaqi.
Isikepe esikhulu samaplanka esasivamise ukuzula zula elwandlwe e-habour encani le, sele sijamiselelwe ngesinye isikepe esigijimako esihle esithatha iwoma lemvakatjhi lebasa belibabuyisa e-island ngokuzigedla. Ukukhamba ngeskepe kukodwa kuyinto emnandi ngokurarako, ngombana ubona indawo ehle kwamambala etjengisa iintaba nedorobha. Sele use-island woke umuntu ugibela iskepe nembhesi ezimbili ezijamileko nanyana yinye. Ezikuthatha zikuse ekhambeni elitlhuwisakweli leshlengeleni abasebenza khona bakutjengisa ezinye zendawo zakhona ezidumileko, ekubalwa egwarini ehlaza lapho uMandela namadelisa wakhe gade basebenza khona lokha babotjhiweko,nalapha gade benza khona amano wokobana bazokuhlela njani izinto eSewula Africa etja, lokha nabadlako ngeskhathi sokudla. Abanye sele babiza indawo egade iyimbi inzima le ikumba yokufundela ye Robben Island.
Bukela Ama-Penguins
Lokha nasibuyela eJele, ngajabula ukuhlika ebhesini ngingene ngapkathi ejele. Isisebenzi ngasinye evakatjhweneli gade kusibotjhwa salapha, begodu imikhumbulo yabo yepilo yakade ngaphasi kwegandeleleko ngebuhlungu.
Sisahleli ngekumbeni yinye yejele, isesebenzi, wasiqoqela bona ipilo gade injani eRobben Island.
Ngemva kwalapho wasisa lapho uMandela gade enzela khona itenakhe encani kwalandela ireyi lamakamero wejele lapha uMandela nezinye iimbotjhwa agade abotjhwe nalo babekwe umlandu wokulinga okuketula umbuso gade babekwe khona.
Kwalandela iinthombe kwese kulandela ikulumo encani yokugcina ngendlini yangasese ngaphambi kobana ukhitjhwe uthunyelwe eskepeni.
Lokha ubuyela e-habour, ukhamba hlangana nendawo ezele ama-penguins, ungangena evikilini elithengisa izipho elise-quayside.
Kuthi ngesikhathi esibekiweko, ugibele eskepeni esibuyela ekhaya, ubukele ezinye iimvakatjhi sele zigibela ibhesi ziyokubona eRobben Island.
Njeke ehlobo i-Robben Island ifana nomtjhini wemvakatjhi njengeDisneyland. Ngezinye iindlela, kubalulekile bona zoke izakhamuzi zeSewula Africa zizwisise ubuhlungu bamambala bomlando wethu.
e-V&A Waterfront
Njengesivakatjhi esikhamba sibona indawo, ikhambo lakho le Robben Island lithoma e- Victoria and Alfred Waterfront. Nekuyindawo ematasatasa yokuthengisa, izele amavikili, iindawo zokudlela, iindawo lapho kubukelwa khona ibhasikopo kanye nama-Germans. Lapha ungaqitha iskhathi sakho ukhambakhamba emavikilini ngaphambi nangemva kwekhambo lakho leshlengelenesi.
Ekuthomeni ibubulo lendawo yokungenisa iinkepe ngedorobheni leKapa ngeminyaka yabo-19th century lahlala langasasebenza ngemva kokobana indawo engenisa iinkepe ekulu le yakhiwa ngonyaka ka-20th century. Kwathi ngonyaka ka-1988, i-warehouse ayabe sele ibola le yalungiswa kwenziwa i-waterfront etja esele siyithabela namhlanje. Ukungezelela amavikili amakhulu abizwa i-Victoria Wharf, indawo le ithabalele eVictoria Basin .Ungazitholela ikhambo ngonophehlwana kodwana ngeze akusa eRobben Island.
I-Nelson Mandela Gateway
Ungaya eNelson Mandela Gateway, lapho uzokuthola khona i-island Ferry. I-Gateway and jetty zitholakala emlonyeni we- compact Alfred Basin, lapho uzokuthola amahotela kanye nenkepe zangasese, begodu uhlale nelangeni. Ungakghona nokubona i-Table Mountain. I -the Gateway ihlanu kwe -the Clock Tower, begodu kunamabhorodo atjengisako etlolwe kuhle.
Nawupaka ikoloyi kwenze yamaphakhini eseduze kwe-Mall, khumbula bona kuzokufanela bona ukhambe ibanga elide ngaphambi kokobana ungafika e-Gateway Mall. Kodwana uzokuthabela ukqeqa iblokgho elimjinko, eliphaseji ehlanganisisa ilawandle ne-Alfred Basin. Njeke indawo elungileko yokupaka ikoloyi, kuse-Clock Tower Centre, esendaweni eseduze ne-Waterfront complex. I-parking le kubudisi ukuyithola, ukghona ukuyithola nawusuka esangweni eliseduze kwedorobheni kodwana lenza bona ungene msinya emakhiweni we-Gateway.
I-The Clock Tower Centre inamavikili ambalwa kanye nendawo zokudlela, yikulu inelwazi lemvakatjhi ezikhamba zibona indawo phezulu, elinabajameli ababuya enakgheni le yoke. Le yindawo emthombo omuhle welwazi eKapa, e-Western Cape kanye neSewula Africa yoke le. Indawo yelwazi le ine-internet café ungabhukha khona amathikithi wakho wokuya eshlengeleni se-Robben Island.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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UKUMUNYISA NOKUSEBENZISA IINDAKAMIZWA
Ukumunyisa kuqinisekisa bona umntwanakho uphile kuhle, uyakhula kunye nokuthuthuka kwengqondo. Nangabe usebenzisa iindakamizwa namkha imitjhoga, kuqakathekile ukwazi bona izintwezo zingalithinta njani ibisi lakho namkha umntwanakho.
IMITJHOGA
Abomma bavame ukutjelwa bona abakwazi ukumunyisa khisibe ngapha basela imitjhoga. Ngokujayelekileko lokhu akusi liqiniso, begodu ukupha umntwana ibisi lokuthengwa kunobungozi. Ngaphambi kokulisa ukumunyisa umntwana ibele, funa ilwazi elinabileko ngokuthintana ne-La Leche League South Africa. Ungarhubhulula ngokuphepha kwemitjhoga ku-www.e-lactancia.org.
I-NICOTINE (I-TOBACCO)
I-nicotine eseengazini zakho yandisa ubungozi bokulisisa umntwana ukumunya ngaphambi kwesikhathi nokungasakhiqizi ibisi elaneleko. Abantwana bababhemi basengozini ekulu ye-colic ne-SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome).
Nangabe awukghoni ukulisa ukubhema, kusese kuphepha ukumunyisa umntwana ibele kunokumupha ibisi lokuthengwa.
Yehlisa ukubhema khulu begodu ubheme ngemva kokumunyisa esikhundleni sangaphambi kwakhona.
UTJWALA
Utjwala bungena ngokurhabako eengazini zakamma nebisini lakhe, okungaba nemithelela kibo bobabili umma nomntwana. Ukunande ubuvakatjhela akusi yingozi, khulukhulu nangabe umntwana sekamkhulu kuneemveke ezibu-8 begodu umunya isikhathi esingaphezu kwama-awara amabili ngemva kwalokho. Ukubuselela butjhilweni utjwala kungabangela umntwana bona alile khulu, angamunyi khulu nokukhula kabuthaka, begodu kungayithinta nendlela ingqondo yomntwana ethuthuka ngayo. Ukusebenzisa utjwala kungathinta nendlela omtlhogomela ngayo umntwana. Yelela bona nawusolo usela, utjwala buzokuthatha isikhathi ukuphuma emzimbenakho.
I-COCAINE NE-CRACK
Inengi leendakamizwezi liyadlulela ebisini lebele begodu liyitjhefu ebantwaneni. Ukubhema i-crack cocaine kuyalimaza nemntwanenakho. Abomma kufuze balinde kudlule ama-awara ama-24 okungasenani ngemva kokusebenzisa i-cocaine namkha i-crack ngaphambi kokumunyisa.
ISANGO (I-DAGGA)
Limbalwa khulu iphenyo elimalungana nemithelela yesango. Kungahle kube nomonakalo wesikhathi eside obangelwa yisango engqondweni yomntwana. Ngemva kokuyibhema khulu, abantwana baba nesango emzimbenabo isikhathi esingange veke. Abomma akukafaneli babheme isango nabamunyisako.
Nangabe kunomuntu obhema isango ngakwenu, kufuze ayibhemele kude nomntwana.
I-METHAMPHETAMINE (UTIKI) NE-CRYSTAL METH
Iindakamizwezi zilirhoba elikhulu nomraro kasodiye eenarheni ezinengi. Alikho ilwazi elingako malungana nokuthi utiki unamuphi umthelela ekukhuleni komntwana nepilweni yakhe, kodwana siyazi bona naye uhlotjaniswa nemiraro yesitjhaba, ukulwa ngekhaya kunye namazinga aphasi wokumunyisa ibele.
Nangabe ungumma omunyisako begodu khewasebenzisa utiki, kufuze ulinde ama-awara ama-48 okungasenani ngaphambi kokumuyisa godu namkha bekube kulapho i-methamphetamine ingasabonakali lokha nawuhlola umswibizo. Ungaraga nokusenga ibisi bese uliphalaze ukwenzela bona lirage nokukhiqizeka.
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ISITHALA No. 6 2016 | Imibono Yokwenzeka Ezulwini
IBhayibheli likwembulela indawo engabonakaliko ezulwini.
ISIHLOKO SESIGUBUZESO
Singazithola iimpendulo ezinembileko.
ISIHLOKO SESIGUBUZESO
ImiTlolo isembulelani ngoJehova uZimu, uJesu Krestu, nangeengilozi ezithembekileko?
Iinlwana ezinamasiba azigcini ngokuveza ukuhlakanipha kwakaZimu kwaphela endalwenakhe, kodwana zisikhuthaza nokuthi siqalisise izinto eziqakathekileko.
Wakghona njani ukufinyelela umnqopho lo naphezu kokuphikiswa?
UMLANDO WOKUPHILA
Isokana elirholopheleko lithoma ukukholelwa kuMbumbi.
Kazi uZimu uzoyilalela bekayiphendule na imithandazo yakho?
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Bangaki aboFakazi BakaJehova obaziko? Abanye bethu kungenzeka bomakhekhelwana bakho, abantu osebenza nabo, namkha ofunda nabo. Namtjhana kungenzeka khesacoca nawe ngeBhayibhili. Kuhle kuhle sibobani, begodu kubayini sikhuluma nabantu ngeBhayibhili?
Sibabantu abajayelekileko. Sivela eendaweni nemiphakathini engafani. Abanye bethu khebaba semasondweni ahlukahlukeneko, kululapho abanye bangazange bakholelwe kuZimu. Nanyana kunjalo, ngaphambi kobana sibe boFakazi, sithethe isikhathi eside sihlolisisa lokho iBhayibhili ekufundisako. (IZenzo 17:
Siyazuza ngokufunda iBhayibhili. Njengabo boke abantu, kufuze siqalane nemiraro nokusilela kwethu. Ngokulinga ukusebenzisa iinkambisolawulo zeBhayibhili ekuphileni kwethu kwaqobe, sibone ituthuko ekulu ekuphileni kwethu okuyigugu. (IRhalani 128:
Siphila ngeenkambisolawulo zakaZimu. Njengombana zitjengiswe eBhayibhilini, iinkambisolawulwezo zisisiza bona sithuthukise ihlalakuhle nokuhlonipha abanye, kubandakanye nezinye iimfanelo ezinjengokuthembeka nokuba nomusa. Zidlala indima ekuthuthukeni kwamalunga wehlangano, godu zithuthukisa nobunye bomndeni nokuziphatha. Njengombana siqiniseka bona “uZimu uphatha boke abantu ngokulingana,” nathi siziqala njengamalunga angokomoya wobuzalwana bephasi loke begodu asibandlululani. Nanyana sibabantu abajayelekileko, godu sibuye sibe babantu abahluke khulu.
AboFakazi BakaJehova bafana ngani nabanye abantu?
Ngiliphi igugu aboFakazi abalifumana ngokufunda iBhayibhili?
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FUNDA nanyana ngiliphi iphephandaba. Bukela ithelevitjhini namtjhana ulalele umrhatjho. Uzokufumana iindaba ezinengi ezikhuluma ngobulelesi, ipi nokuvukela umbuso! Cabanga ngeyakho iimraro. Mhlamunye ukugula namtjhana ukuhlongakala komuntu omthandako kukubangela amatlhuwo. Ungazizwa ngendlela efana neyendoda elungileko uJobhi eyathi, ‘Ukuphila kwami kuzele amatlhuwo.’—Jobhi 10:15, The Holy Bible in the Language of Today.
Akhe uzibuze:
- Ngilokhu uZimu akunqophileko ngami nangabo boke abantu?
- Ngingalifumanaphi irhelebho lokuqalana neemraro yami?
- Likhona na ithemba lokobana kuzakhe kube nokuthula ephasini?
IBhayibhili ineempendulo ezanelisako zeembuzo le.
IBHAYIBHILI IFUNDISA BONA UZIMU UZOKULETHA AMATJHUGULUKO LA EPHASINI.
“Uzobesula zoke iinyembezi emehlweni wabo. Ukufa angekhe kusaba khona, nokulila nobuhlungu angekhe kusaba khona.”—ISambulo 21:4
“Orholopheleko uzokweqa njengeqina.”—Isaya 35:6
“Amehlo weemphofu azokuvuleka.”—Isaya 35:5
“Abafileko bazalizwa ilizwi layo, baphume.”—Jwanisi 5:28, 29
“Abakhe khona angekhe bathi: ‘Ngiyagula.’”—Isaya 33:24
“Kuzokuba nokudla okunengi ephasini.”—AmaRhalani 72:16
ZUZA EEMFUNDISWENI ZEBHAYIBHILI
Ungarhabi uthi izinto esikhulume ngazo zimabhudango kwaphela. UZimu uthembisa bonyana uzozenza iintwezi begodu iBhayibhili ihlathulula bona uzozenza njani.
Kodwana iBhayibhili irhelebha ngeendlela ezinengi. Isilodlhelo sepilo ethabisako neyanelisako ngitjho kwanje. Akhese ucabange kancani ngezinto ezikutshwenyako neemraro yakho. Zingahlanganisa iimraro yemali, yomndeni, ukugula namtjhana ukuhlongakalelwa mumuntu omthandako. IBhayibhili ingakurhelebha bona uqalane neemraro le namhlanjesi, begodu ingakurhelebha ukuphendula iimbuzo enjengale:
- Kubayini sitlhaga?
- Singaqalana njani namatshwenyeko wokuphila?
- Singawuthabisa njani umndenethu?
- Kwenzekani kithi nesihlongakalako?
- Kuzakhe kwenzeke na bona sibone abantu esibathandako abahlongakeleko godu?
- Singaqiniseka njani bona uZimu uzokuzalisa iinthembiso zakhe zengomuso?
Iqiniso lokobana ufunda incwadi le, litjengisa bona ungathanda ukwazi lokho okufundiswa yiBhayibhili. Incwadi le, ingakurhelebha. Yelela bona indima nendima ikhambelana neembuzo ephasi ekhasinelo. Iingidi zithabele ukuberegisa indlela yeembuzo neempendulo le nezicoca naboFakazi bakaJehova ngeBhayibhili. Sicabanga bona nawe uzoyithabela. Kwanga uZimu angakutjhudubaza njengombana uthabela ukufunda incwadi ekarisako neyanelisako le ethi, lokho kwamambala okufundiswa yiBhayibhili!
YAZI IBHAYIBHILAKHO
IBHAYIBHILI ineencwadi eziyi-66. Zihlukaniswe ngezahluko neendima bonyana uzifumane bulula. Lokha nekudzubhulwa umtlolo encwadini le, inomboro yokuthoma ngemva kwebizo itjengisa isahluko sencwadi yeBhayibhili, inomboro elandelako iqaliswe endimeni. Isibonelo, Idzubhulo laka “2 KuThimothi 3:16” itjho bona incwadi yesibili kaThimothi, isahluko-3 indima-16.
Ngokuqala imitlolo edzubhulwe encwadini le, msinyana uzokujayelana neBhayibhili. Kubayini ungalingi ukuzenzela irhelo lokufunda iBhayibhili ngamalanga? Ngokufunda izahluko eentathu ukuya kwezihlanu ngelanga ungayifunda yoke iBhayibhili ngomnyaka.
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Incwajana ethi Bobani Abenza Intando KaJehova Namhlanjesi?, yenzelwe ukuthi sicoce ngayo nabantu esibafundela iBhayibheli, kungaba sekuthomeni namkha ekuphetheni kwesifundo. * Iimfundo 1 kuya ku-4 zihlathululela abafundi ukuthi thina sibabantu abanjani, iimfundo 5 kuya ku-14 zibasiza bona bazi ngemihlanganwethu nomsebenzi wokutjhumayela, kanti iimfundo 15 kuya ku-28 zibatjengisa bonyana ihlanganwethu isebenza njani. Kuhle khulu bona iimfundo kucocwe ngazo ngokulandelana kwazo, ngaphandle kobana kunendaba ethileko ongathanda ukumsiza kiyo. Isifundo ngasinye siphelela ekhasini elilodwa begodu abanengi kubathatha imizuzu emihlanu kuya kwelitjhumi ukucoca ngaso.
Buza umbuzo osesihlokweni sesifundo
Fundani ndawonye, ningasifunda soke namkha ngeengcenye
Cocani ngalokho enifunde ngakho. Sebenzisa imibuzo engenzasi, neenthombe. Fundani imitlolo eveziweko ocabanga ukuthi ingasiza umfundi. Veza ukuthi iinhlokwana ezitlolwe ngamagama abonakalako ziwuphendula njani umbuzo osesihlokweni
Nangabe kunebhoksi elithi, “Fumana Okungeziweko” lifundeni ndawonye bese ukhuthaze umfundi ukuthi alandele iimphakamiso ezivezwe lapho
^ isig. 3 Incwajana evezwa ku-inthanethi inemininigwana yamva nje.
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Khumbula UmkaLothi
Isiyeleliso esakhutjhwa nguJesu pheze iminyaka eyi-2 000 eyadlulako siqakatheke khulu kunangaphambili. Akhuqale indlela uBrian noGloria abafunda ngayo ukuvikela umndenabo eengozini uJesu ayelelisa ngazo.
Imindeni yanamhlanjesi ihlukana njani phakathi nakuziwa endabeni yokuthembela kuZimu nokugijimisa ukunjinga?
Yini engafiphaza umkhumbulwethu ekwenzeni intando kaZimu bekusibangele bona sinyefise iinkambiso zakaZimu nezokuziphatha?
UJesu wakhuluma ngendababo bona sifunde kiyo. Bekungatlhogeki bona ipilo yomkaLothi ikhambe ngendlela ekhambe ngayo. Neyethu ngokunjalo akutlhogeki ifane nekamkaLothi.
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Kwathi ngobunye ubusuku uNebukadinetsari wabhudanga kabuhlungu kukhulu. Wabiza iinhlakaniphi zakhe zamadoda, bonyana zimhlathululele ibhudangwelo. Akakho namunye kizo owakwazi ukulihlathulula. Ekugcineni ikosi yakhuluma noDanyela.
UNebukadinetsari watjela uDanyela wathi: ‘Ngibhudange umuthi. Umuthi lo wakhula bewayokufika emkayini, bewubonakala kizozoke ingcenye zephasi. Bewunamakari amahle neenthelo ezinengi. Iimbandana beziphumula emthunzinawo, neenyoni bezakhe iindleke zazo eempandeni zawo. Ngemva kwalokho kwafika ingilozi ivela izulwini, yafese yathi: “Quntula umuthi lowo bese uqoba neemphande zawo. Isiphunzi sawo usilise nemirabho yakhona ehlabathini, bese usibophe ngebhande lekoporo. Umkhumbulo womuthi loyo uzokutjhuguluka kewomuntu ufane nesilwana bekudlule iminyaka ebuyelelwe kalikhomba. Ngalokho-ke woke umuntu uzokwazi ukuthi uZimu uMbusi nokuthi anganikela nanyana ngubani amfunako umbuso loyo.”’
UJehova wembulela uDanyela bonyana ibhudangwelo belitjho ukuthini. Wathi nakazwisisa ihlathululo yebhudango wangenwa mamanzi emadolweni uDanyela. Ngikho athi: ‘Kosami ngathana ibhudangweli belitjho amanabakho, kodwana litjho wena. Nomuthi oquntiweko loya bewutjho wena. Umbuswakho uzokuphela, ngemva kwalapho uzokuhlala emangweni udle utjani njengesibandana sommango. Kodwana ngebanga lesiphunzi ingilozi eyathi siliswe neemirabhwaso, lokho-ke kutjho ukuthi uzakubuye ube yikosi godu.’
Nakuphela unyaka, uNebukadinetsari bekakhambakhamba emfulelweni wendlwakhe, azikhakhazisa ngeBhabheli. Athi: ‘Akhuqale ubukhazikhazi bedorobha engilakhe ngezami izandla. Ngimkhulu ngiyasebeka tle!’ Asakhuluma yedwa njalo, kwezwakala ilizwi livela ezulwini lathi: ‘Nebukadinetsari! Kufuze wazi ukuthi umbuswakho sewuphelile.’
Khonokho uNebukadinetsari wahlanganyelwa yihloko wafana nesibandana sommango. Besele kufanele akhambe esigodlweni sakhe ayokuhlala neembandana emmangweni. Iinhluthu zakhe zakhula zalingana neensiba zekhozi, iinzipho zakhe nazo zabazide njengezenyoni.
Ngemva kweminyaka elikhomba, uNebukadinetsari ihlokwakhe yacaculuka, uJehova wamenza ikosi yeBhabheli. Wathi: ‘Ngidumisa uJehova, ikosi yamazulu. Nje-ke sengazi kuhle ukuthi uJehova nguye oMbusi. Uthobisa abazikhakhazisako, nombuswakhe angawunikela nanyana ngubani amthandako.’
“Ukuzikhukhumeza kulandelwa kubhujiswa nokuwa kulandela umphefumulo oziphakamisako.”—IzAga 16:18
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Isahluko 12: AbaRholi BeNdabuko (211-212)
211. Ukumukelwa
- Iziko, ubujamo nendima edlalwa buRholi beNdabuko ngokuya komThetho wesintu, kuyamukelwa, ngaphasi komThethosisekelo.
- Ilawulo lobuRholi beNdabuko lelo elihlonipha irherho lekambiso yomThetho wesiNtu lingasebenza ngokulawulwa nginanyana ngimuphi umThetho osebenzako namasiko, okufaka hlangana amatjhuguluko namkha ukwesulwa komThetho lowo namkha amasiko lawo.
- Amakhotho kumele asebenzise umThetho wesiNtu lapho umThetho loyo usebenza khona, ngokulawulwa umThethosisekelo nomThetho wananyana ngimuphi omunye umThetho osebenza ngomThetho wesiNtu.
212. Imisebenzi YabaRholi BeNdabuko
- UmThetho weNarha unganikela indima edlalwa baRholi beNdabuko njengesikhungo esizingeni lemakhaya eendabeni ezithinta imiphakathi yemakhaya.
- Ukuqalana neendaba ezimanqophana nobuRholi beNdabuko, indima edlalwa baRholi beNdabuko, umThetho wesintu namasiko wemiphakathi elandela ikambiso yerherho lomThetho wesintu—
- UmThetho weNarha namkha wesiFunda ungakhuthaza ukuhlonywa kwezindlu zabaRholi beNdabuko; begodu
- UmThetho weNarha ungasungula umKhandlu wabaRholi beNdabuko.
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Iinyosi zidume ngeliju lazo (kane neminye imikhiqizo) eziyikhiqizako. Kodwana sele an abantu babafundise ngezinto eziqakathekileko ezizenzako njengokupholuneyitha iintjalo. Igugu lenyosi njengabapholuneyithi ungadisela igugu lazo njengabakhiqizi beliju.
ESewula Africa, ezinye iintjalo zithembele eenyosini ukobana zipholineyithe iintjalo ukuze zirhone ukupholineyitha iinthelo. Ekubalwa iin-strawberry, ama-blueberry, kanye nentjalo zamafutha ezifana ne-sunflower, kanye namantongomani we-almond ne-macadamia. Iintjalo ezifana namapremu, amapuyeri kanye nama-apula zitlhoga ukupholunethiwa ukuze zirhone ukukhiqiza iintjalo.
Iinyosi vs Abalimi Beentjalo
Ukukhulumisana hlangana nabafuyi beenyosi kanye nabalimi beentjalo ngeensetjenziswa zokupholuneyitha ziyahluka ukusukela ebanikazini bendawo ukuya emhlobeni weentjalo, kutjho u-Dr Tlou Masehela wehlangano ye-South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI).
Eentjalweni ezimalamula kanye neze-canola lapha kutlhogeka khona i-pollunation, abafuyi beenyosi abababhadalisi abatjali, kodwana abalimi bangatlhoga isibonelelo esibuya ebafuyini benyosi esifana neliju.
Eentjalweni ezithembele ekupholunethiweni, ezifana nama-apula, namaprfeyimu, abalimi babhadala abafuyi beenyosi. Lapha kuneentjalo ezivangiweko kanye neentjalo zemvelo, abafuyi beenyosi bangaphana izipho.
Kufanele kube nesivumelwano (ikontraga) nanyana singabikhona, kodwana esikhathini esinengi lokha nakubhadalwako ukuwenza i-pollination kuba negontraga hlangana kwabafuyi beenyosi kanye nabatjali.
Iindleko Zokupholineyitha
Ukudla kwemvelo kweenyosi esolokho kuphunguka eSewula Africa kuphungula ukukhiqizwa kweliju kuze kufike ku-10 - 12 kg qobe mnyaka. Lokhu kuncani khulu nakumadaniswa nomkhiqizo okhiqizwa e-USA (30 kg/ngonyaka) kanye ne-Australia - (50 kg/ngonyaka). Ukungezelela, ilijju eSewula Africa lithengiswa ngemali ephasi begodu ligandelelwa nangelelo elingeniswa enarheni le, libuya eenrhani zangaphandle elibiza (R50/kg (2017). Godu imali elibizwa yona le, iphasi nayimadaniswa naleyo ye-USA e-(R75/kg) kanye ne-R75/kg.
Umkhiqizo ophasi kanye nentengo yeliju ingezelela ukuqakatheka kwendleko zokupholunethiwa ebafuyini benyosi eSewula Africa.
Irhubhululo elenziwe ngu-Mike Allsopp wehlangano ye-Agricultural Research Council (ARC) kanye no-Dr Masehela in 2017, ujtlhadlula bona intengo yokupholunethiwa iya ngokubana kunetlhogeko yakho engangani.
E-America iintjalo ezihluma etwasahlobo ezifana nama-blueberry kanye nama-almond ziphalisana ngokupholinethiwa, ukungezelela inani lokupholunethiya. Irhubhululo litjengisa bona eminyakeni embalwa ezako inani lokupholunethiya ama-almond lingezeleleke ukusuka ku-$35 ukuya ku- $180 qobe imhlambi. Iintjalo ezihluma lada. (Isibonelo, ama-apula) zingaba nemihlambi eminengi yeenyosi etholakala ngenani eliphasi lokupholunethiwa.
Intengo Yokupholunethiya
ESewula Africa kunemali ephakanyisiweko yoku-pollinator. Indlekwezi zimhlahlandlela kodwana ayithatha bafuyi beenyosi boke, okuya ngesitjalo. Ezinye iintjalo zibangela ukugandeleleka ngokomkhumbulo eenyosini ezifana nama-berry, imigade, amantongomani we-macadamia kanye nama-litchi abanye abafuyi beenyosi bangabiza imali engezelelweko ukupholinethiya iintjalwezi.
Iindleko zokupholineyitha zibalwa nge-formula ngokuhlanganisa iindleko zokufuya iinyosi ezifana nokuthuthwa kwazo, iswigiri kanye nokuzisebenza
Imali ephakanyiswako yokupholunethiwa ngonyaka ka-2018 bekuyi-R802 i-unit yinye. I-unit yokupholinethiwa yinslu yinye amalanga angaphezu kwayi-21. Isenzo lesi sibizwa bona yi-pollination wave. Ngemva kweskhathesi, abafuyi beenyosi bangabiza imali efanako nanyana bayikhuphule ngemva kokukhulumisana nabalimi.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe
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Igama
UDzwiri
Igama lesi-Latin
Motacilla capensis
Umdenayo
Motacillidae
Ubude
18 cm
Indawo yokuhlala
Zivamise ukuhlala eduze namanzi atsengekileko nofana eqadi kweligu, kodwana sezizijayeze ukuhlala emaphagini kanye neentonini nofana eemvandeni zemadorobheni.
Isililo senyoni
Inetjhada, elizwakala kwanga kubethwa isimbi (ringing) elithi: 'tseee-chee-chee' begodu inomlozana, ohlengezela njengengoma.
Ukubekela nokufukama
Ivamise ukuba namaqanda amabili ukuya kamane, kesinye isikhathi abamathathu ukuya kamahlanu kanye nalikhomba akhe agadangiswa; anombala osarulana okufipheleko, wande nangamatshwayo namacatjhaza azotho. Afukamelwa ngeduna nesikazi amalanga alisumi nantathu ukuya kalisumi nane.
Ihlathululo yamadzinyana
Amadzinyana anehloko yombala ozotho njengomhlanawo, kuthi ngaphasi emathunjini ibenombala othanda ukuba zotho kanye namaphiko afihlekileko wencenye yesiphetho esimhlophe.
Ihlathululo ngezidala
Inyoni ejayelekileko le ihlukile ngombalayo omlotha okuqarhwe ngozotho encenyenayo ephezulu, ibenemida enzima evundla esifubeni kanye nombala omhlophe welingaphandle lomsilayo weensiba. Nokho ezilandelako nofana ezikhulu azinawo umbala ohlophe
Ubujamo
Imhlali ojayelekileko.
Ukwabeka nokusabalala kwazo
Ukusuka enarheni ye-Kenya kanye nepumalanga ye-Congo ukuyela esewula yeKapa nofana yePhondolwandle.
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Amagandango wokuthoma aya etjhaphulukweni
Ngonyaka ka-1986 imithetho embalwa karhulumende webandlululo yaqedwa, Imithetho efana neyokutjhada kwenhlanga ezingafaniko, naloyo ogade uhloywe khulu umthetho wamapasi. Ekugcineni, ngonyaka ka-1990, ngokurara nokuthaba kwabantu, iinhlangano eziphikisako ezifana ne-ANC kanye ne-PAC zavulwa umlomo uMandela watjhatjhululwa ejele.
Unyaka kusukela ka-1990 kuze kuyokufika unyaka wokuthoma wamakhetho wedemokhrasi ngonyaka ka-1994 enza umlando. Kwakusele kuzinnyanga kukhulusinywana begodu ihlangano ephikisanako yamabhuru yayilinga ukwenza itjharagano. Ekugcineni ngemva kwakho koke, umbuso wegandelelo wabeka phasi ngaphandle kokukatelelwa. Nekwaba yisenzo esinjalo pheze sokuthoma ephasini. Kwathoma ipilo etja eSewula Africa.
Ngonyaka ka-1988, lokha uMandela ifduselwa emzini osemaqabazini wejele le-Victor Verster. Ngeskhathesi, amatafula gade sele atjhugulukile uMandela atjhatjhululwa. Wabhala godu, wakatelela bona kukhitjhwe laba agade asebenza nabo mantanzi, azi bona urhulumende wegandelele angabhala ukukhipha abanye ngemva kokobana yena sele bamkhiphile njengomdosi phambili wehlangano ye-ANC. Nambala ngamunye, ngamunye abadosi phambili bepolotiki bakhitjhwa ngaphandle kokutlhoriswa nokuyeleliswa. Ekugcineni ngezi 2 zakaMhlolanja ngonyaka ka-1990, iphasi labukela lokha uMadiba kanye noWinnie bakhamba babambene badlula esangweni le-Victor Verster baya emkhanyweni.
Okwalandela isenzo leso, iimbotjhwa zepolotiki egade ziseleko eRobben Island zasala zirarekile bezithabile. Amahlebezi akhamba ijele loke begodu urhulumende ngelunya wayiphika indaba le, ngokobana angazwakali bona uthini. Nanyana kunjalo kancani kancani, boke bagcina babatjhaphululile, nanyana babakhipha, bangakaqoqisani nabo nanyana babatjengise isekelo lokuba buyisela emiphakathini yabo.
Ukukhitjhwa kwembotjhwa zepolotiki
Indlela ababakhipha ngayo isakhunjulwa ngobuhlungu. Akhange baphiwa ngitjho nomthobahliziyo ngesikhathi ebasihlala ejele, begodu gade banamathuba amancani wokobana bangaqhatjhwa basebenze. Abanengi babo bazinikela amarhugwini, kanye nendakamizweni.
Ngitjho nanamhlanje ayikho indlela eyatlanywako yokurhelebha labo abaluphalela emajele webandlululo lokha abaphulimthetho behlelo le-Nationalist basaragela phambili ngokuhlala ngokuzigedla, lokha abalweli bekululeko basele banganalitho.
Ngonyaka ka-1991, zoke iimbotjhwa zepolotiki zabe sele zikhitjhiwe eRobben Island. Umakhiwo waragela phambili wasetjenziswa njengejele lenlelesi kwaze kwaba ngonyaka ka-1996, lokha ekugcineni bathatha isiphetho sokobana bayivale indawo leyo, bafudusele iimbotjhwa azazivalelwe khona emajele lapha kuhlala khona abantu.
Kwasala kungaziwa bona kuzokwenziwani ngeRobben Island.
Ukubaluleka KweRobben Island
Ukubaluleka kweRobben Island kulitshwayo lomtlhago nokuthumba/ukunqoba phezu kokungaphathwa ngendlela kwabantu.Isiqunto sathathwa sokobana kutjhugululwe i-island yoke yenziwe i-museam/indawo yomqaliso ezokufundisa abantu ngobumbi bekukhethululwa ngokwebala, namandla wokubambelela. Indawo emqaliso le yavulwa ngokomthetho ngezi-1 zakaTjhirhweni ngonyaka ka-1997.
Ngonyaka ka-1999 isenzo lesi sangena emphakathini weenarha zangaphandle yabizwa bona yi- the World Heritage List nekuyindawo yamagugu ebalulekileko.
Namhlanjesi, amakhulu wabantu bavakatjhela ijele lakadeli veke neveke ukwenzela bona bazibonele ngokwabo ikarisomraro yendaba ye-Roben Island. Akusilikhambo elitjengisa umlando omnandi, kodwana ngelinye okufanele silithathe ukwenzela bona iimfundo ezibuhlungu zeminyaka eyadlulako eyi-500 ungalitjalwa. Ngokobana sizikhumbuze, umlando we-Robben Island, kanye singakhandela bona umlando lo uziphinde.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe
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IRhubo 51 latlolwa nguDavida ngemva kobana uNathani aveze isono sakhe noBhathisheba. UDavida wadliwa sisazelo, wasivuma isono sakhe.
UDavida wonile, kodwana bekusakghonakala bona alungise ubuhlobo bakhe noZimu
51:3, 4, 8-12, 17
Ngaphambi kobana aphenduke avume isono sakhe, isazelo sakhe besimudla simlethela isizi
Wezwa ubuhlungu obukhulu bokulahlwa nguZimu, wazizwa ngasuthi amathambakhe aphihliziwe
Bekakululukela ukulitjalelwa nokubuyisana noZimu, alulukela indlela ebekathabe ngay
Warabhela uJehova bona amsize athuthukise isifiso sokumlalela
Bekaqiniseka bona uJehova uzomlibalela
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OKWENZA KUQAKATHEKE: Njengombana silingisa uJesu, kufuze sitjhumayele iqiniso malungana nomqopho kaZimu. (Jwa 18:37) Kufuze godu sithatjiswe liqiniso, sikhulume iqiniso, begodu sicoce ngananyana ngiziphi izinto eziliqiniso, naphezu kokuphila ephasini elizele amala nelinganakho ukulunga.—1Ko 13:6; Flp 4:8.
INDLELA ESINGAKWENZA NGAYO:
Zimisele ukukhambela kude nehlebo elimazako.—1Te 4:11
Ungathatjiswa yihlekelele yomunye umuntu
Thatjiswa zizinto ezakhako, nezikhuthazako
BUKELA IVIDIYO ETHI, ‘THANDANANI’—NINGATHOKOZISWA BUBUMBI, THATJISWANI LIQINISO, BESE UPHENDULA IMIBUZO NASI:
Kungayiphi indlela uDebra ‘athokoziswa bubumbi’?
UPhumzile wayitjhentjha njani indaba ebeba coca ngayo noDebra yaba ngeyakhako?
Ngiziphi ezinye izinto ezihle esingacoca ngazo?
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Igama
Ipunzi, Steenbok [Raphicerus campestris]
Ukuvela nokwakheka kwayo
Inombala ozotho okuqarheke ngombala othanda ukubomvu, iindlebe zibanzi begodu zide. Inesilinganiso sobude obuphakame ngamamilimitha amakhulu amahlanu namasumi amabili (520 mm) kanye nobudisi okubmakhilogremu alisumi nanye (11 kg). Ingaphakathi lemilenze yangemuva limhlophe twa. Ngeziduna kwaphela ezineempondo ezide eziqale phezulu ngehla kwamehlo. Idlala ebonakala inzima ngombala itholakala ngaphambi kwamehlo amakhulu amnyama. Izithwezi ezibandakanya idlala zibonakala kizo zombili eduna nesikazi.
Ukudla/Idayethi
Ipunzi le isilwani esiziphilela ngokukhamba sizidobhela ukudla, begodu izwana khulu namakhambi nofana iinthurhu. Nokho isilwani esizikhethela iimilo ezihlaza ezifana namakari, amathuthumbo, iinthelo kanye neemilo ezisatlhurhako. Umhlobo wokudla ekukhethako uyenza ikghone ukuphila ngaphandle kokuthembele ekuseleni amanzi. Ivamise ukudla imirabho, nezinye iimilo zangaphasi kwehlabathi ngenyanga yesikhathi sesomiso, lokhu ikwenza ngokuthi ikarabhe nofana irhubhe phasi umgodi obanzi notjhingelako ukwenzela bona ifumane iimilwezi ezimumethe amanzi amanengi.
Ukuzala nokukhulisa
Kusengakatholakali kuhle bona ngisiphi isikhathi esisodwa sokuzala nokukhulisa sazo. Kukhe kwagadangiswa ukuzala kwesinye nesinye isikhathi sonyaka. Nokho isikhathi sekambiso yokumitha sithatha iinyanga ezibalelwa kezilikhomba, kuthi ngemva kwalapho zizale ilamjana elilodwa.
Amalamjana ziwafihla iinyanga eentathu zokuthoma, kodwana ziphele ziwavakatjhela ekuseni ngamasa nentambama nakutjhinga ilanga ukuyowamunyisa nokuwakhulisa. Unina ulifihla ngokuthi adle ubuthuvi balo, bekasee nomthondwalo ngesikhathi alivakatjheleko, begodu le kuyindlela yokwenza bonyana ilamjana livikeleke begodu kungabi nomnuko ongalandelelwa manaba naziinlwani eziyingozi.
Ukuziphatha
Eziduna nezisikazi zivikela bezabelane isifunda. Zinjalo nje ziphila ngokuhluka nofana ngayinye. Eziduna zivamise ukutshwaya isifunda sazo ngomthondo nangothuvi, kanye nedlala elitholakala ngaphasi kwesilevu kanye nangokusebenzisa umsuqwazo. Ngizo zodwa zomndeni weempunzi othoma ngokukarabha phasi ngaphambi nangemva kokuthunda nokulahla uthuvi.
Eziduna zivamise ukwaziwa ngokusebenzisa iindlela kanye neentambo zethelefoni ukwakha imikhawulwazo. Zinekghono elihle tle lokuzwa. Zaziwa ngokuthi nazitlhoge ukudla zingenela ingcuba neensalela zenyama bezibulale neenyoni ezikhambakhambako neziphila ehlabathini.
Indawo yokuhlala/ikhaya/ isikhundla
Zizwana nokuhlala eendaweni ezivulekileko zomhlobo we-savannah, begodu lapho zizifihla ngotjni obude kanye neenkhotha. Ziyindlala khulu emahlathini, eentabeni, efukufukwini eminyeneko kanye nemadwaleni nofana ematjeni. Kesinye isikhathi zidlala emigodini yesilwani ezingazwana nabotjontjhwana (ants-bear), begodu zivamise nokusebenzisa imigodi ukuzala amalamjana.
Lapho zitholakala khona
Kwanga inengi lazo lomhlobo weempunzi ezincani zitholakala eSewula Afrika. Zisabalele ngokubanzi enarheni yoke begodu zithathwa njengomhlobo ojayelekileko.
Amanabazo
Zidliwa yiNgwe, iThwana, izinja zomango. Ihlosi, ipisi, ihlwathu kanye namakhozi anamandla.
Iimbalobalo ngepilwazo ezirhunyeziweko
Isilinganiso sobudisi (esikazi): 11 - 13 kg
Isilinganiso sobudisi (eduna): 9 - 13 kg
Isilinganiso sobude (esikazi): 90 cm
Isilinganiso sobude (eduna): 90 cm
Isikhathi sekambiso yokumitha: 6 months
Isibalo/ inani lamalamjana: 1 lamb
Ukulungela ukujarha/ukujarhwa: 6 months
Isilinganiso sobudisi ekuzalweni: 1 kg
Umhlobo/irhemo: Artiodactyla
Umndenazo: Bovidae
Iimpondo: 13 cm (record - 19 cm)
Ukuzala nokukhulisa: Zivamise ukuzala ilamjana linye, kuthi kesinye isikhathi nekungakavami abe mabili, kesinye nesinye isikhathi sonyaka (ukuzala okunengi kwenzeka phakathi kwenyanga kaSinyikhaba noNobayeni) ngemva kwesikhathi sekambiso yokumitha ekuziinyanga ezisithandathu.
Ihlathululo ngemitlhalazo
Iimitlhalazo ifana pheze neyomhlobo owaziwa nge-Oribi. Iinyawo zayo zibanzi begodu begodu zincophile, zidluladlula kancani zomhlobo we-Oribi.
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Lochay avamise ukuthanda imfesi, iimbungu, amaqanda kanye nenyoni ezincani, ama-Cape Gulls (Larus Vetula) angazuma ifuyo encani, efana nezimvu nembuzi.
I-Cape Gull ithanda ukuhlala eendaweni ezilitlhagu begodu imhlophe ngaphezulu, kuthi ngaphasi ibenzima, ibenehloko enzima, intambo kanye nomisila onzima. Amaphiko wayo wangaphezulu, anamatjhatjhazi anzima ekugcineni, lokha ngaphasi anamatjhatjhazi anzima namhlophe. Ama-Cape Gulls amadala anamehlo anzima kanye namatjhatjhaza abomvu akhanyako empedeni, ukuya ngososayensi we-Dutch u-Niko Tinbergen aluma umhlathi nakafuna ukudla.
Iinyoni ezidala zinamaphiko ayi-128 cm ukuya ku-142 cm begodu zinobudidi obuyi-0.6 cm ukuya ku-1.3 kg. Ama-Cape gulls zinyoni ezikulu ezihlala eendaweni ezikulu etlhagwini. Ngaphandle kwendawo eziseKapa, azikavamisi ukwenzeka enarheni emakhilomitha adlula amabili. Iinyoni ezineminyaka edlula eyi-24 sele zirikhodiwe kanye nenyoni esele zikhambe amakhilomitha ayi-1 211 ukusuka endlekeni zazo, nanyana zivamise ukubuyela eendaweni ezabelethelwa kizo.
Iphetheni Yokubulala Nokudla
Zivamise ukuhlangana eendaweni ezizithandako lapha zidlela khona, kodwana zidume nangokuhlasela ungazimbazo ngobunengi, zivamise ukuthoma ngamehlo wakangazimbi. Zidla njengama-crow, umzimba ezabe ziwuhlaseleko uvamise ukobana uvulwe emehlweni, emlonyeni, esibhonweni kanye nesidunwini.
Ukuzitlhogomela
Ama-seagull zinwlane ezivikelweko, njeke Abafuyi batlhoga kobana bathole iimvume ukuwalthogomela. Ukukhandela ukudaleka komonakalo, kutlhogeka kobana ususe ukudla ukulahle. Iimumathi zokulahla ukudla kutlhogeka kobana zivalwe, iimumathi zokupha iinyoni ukudla zisuswe, iimumathi zokupha izinja ukudla zihlwengiswe nazo.
Ama-deterrent enza itjhada, akhipha umkhanyo kanye nabonompopi abahlala engadini, zingasetjenziswa ukuthusa iinyoni ukobana zingathusi iinlwane ezinganamlandu, kungathathwa amagadango ukuvikela ifuyo lokha nayisengozini. Izimvu ezisikazi ezimithi ukwenza Isibonelo, kutlhogeka bona zifuduselwe emakambheni amancani lapha kubalula khona bona abelusi bazigade, iimveke ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokobana imvu ibelethe begodu kutlhogeka bona zihlale lapho iimveke ezimbalwa ngemva kokobana zithole iputwana, kuze kufike lapha sele zingasabi sengozini. Ukuthola ilwazi elinabileko thinta i-Predation Management Forum Secretariat.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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Iintjalo ezitjalelwa ukubamba ihlabathi zitjalwa hlangana namasimu, kanengi ngendlela yokutjhugulula ukusuka emnyakeni omunye ukuya komunye. Lokhu kwenzelwa iinzathu ezimbalwa ezihlukileko; esikhhulu sazo kugandelela iimilo ezimilelako, begodu nokunciphisa ukufuthumala, ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo sehlabathi kanye nokungenelela kwamanzi begodu ukunciphisa uklurhurhuleka kwehlabathi lapho kuthulame khona. Ukutjalwa okuhle kweentjalwezi kusekuphele kwehlobo lokha umtjhiso wehlabathi usese phezulu ngokwaneleko bonyana imbewu ingathuthuka, kodwana kjube kukhe kwaba nezulu elaneleko, okuvamise ukuba phakathi kwenyanga kaSihlabantangana ukuyela ekupheleni kwakaMrhayili.
Ukukhethwa kwemihlobo yeentjalwezi kulawulwa khulu mhlob wehlabathi kanye nomhlobo wamaderibe wewayini yomhlobo loyo otjaliweko. Iintjalwezi zomhlobo wasafuthi zingatjalwa eduze nemithi yalapho imithi inamandla khona, kuthi imithi leyo eminyene kancani ingazuza eenthorweni ezingezelela ipilo ehlabathini. Ezinye iintjalwezi kuizakufuneka bonyana zisuse ukubamanzi okudluleleko kwehlabathi. Umhlobo wesitjalwesi odume khulu, waziwa nge-triticale (ekumvango werayisi kanye namabele), kodwana abakhiqizi abanengi bathanda umvango wembewu.
©Francois Viljoen Wineland
Iintjalo zokubamba ihlabathezi ezimakhemikali nofana ezilawulwa ngamakhemikhali zingabumba iququ eminyeneko nebudisi ehlabathini nekungikhjo ekuphungula umtjhiso wehlabathi begodu kulawule nokulobeka kwamanzi ehlabathini. Iququ ingangelelela ehlabathini ukwenzela ukusiza ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo sehlabathi kanye namandla wokubamba amanzi. Kesinye isikhkathi imihlobo le yeentjalo isebenza njengomanyoro ohlaza nazisese zincani zihlanganiswe nehlabathi. Imihlobo le yeentjalo ikhethelwe ukwenza eminye yemisebenzi ethileko.
Iinthoro (ezifana ne- lupins, clover, vetches kanye ne-serradella) zibopha i-nitrogen emoyeni bese iyikhuphele ehlabathini ukwenzela ukukhuphula ukumumatha i- ne-nitrogen kwehlabathi. Ezinye iintjalwezi zikhethelwa ukukghona kwazo ukuba zizindlu zeenlwanyana eziyingozi. Zirhola iinunwana ezinamanaba wemvelo weentjalo. Isibonelo seentjalwezi ngesibizwa nge-radish kanye ne-white mustard. I-white mustardkanye ne-saia oats ziyasebenziseka njenge-allelopathic plantsukwenzela ukugandelela ukukhula kweemilo ezizimilelako.
Iimbhontjisi ezibizwa nge-Fava beans zilungelel khulu ukwenzela ukuthambisa, ukwenza ihlabathi ibe ne-esede begodu nokusiza ukunothisa nge-nitrogen. Ezinye zazo ezifana namabele kanye nama- paspalum zisebenza njengendlela yokumbesa ihlabathi ukwenzela bonyana ingarhurhuleki. Ukunciphisa ukubangelana nemithi amandla, iintjalwezi zivamise ukundlalwa sipara nofana zibulawe ngenyanga kaKhukhulamungu ngesikhatyhi sokutkhurha.
Translated by Johannes Nkosinathi
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Igama lomndenazo elijayelekileko
Sea spiders
Igama lesayensi
Pantopoda
Ubungako
Zikhula ukusuka esenthimitheni yinye ukuya emitheni eyodwa.
Ikambiso Yokufanisa
Inemilenze emide kanye nomzinjana omncani. Kanengi iba nemilenze ekhamba ngamibili emine, kodwana emihlanu kanye nesithandathu inokutholakala. Inencenye yamathumbu ebonakalako. Inepumulo ede. Kanengi ibanemibala efipheleko, ozotho kanye no-orentji.
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Irhemo lama-Pantopoda linemihlobazo engaphezu kwe-1 400. Nokho azisizo iinswebu zamambala. Zinesikhumba emibala emihle. Azinawo amaphaphu, kodwna ziphefumula ngokukhupha umuya nje.
Izitho zazo ziluleleke emilenzenazo njengombana umzimbazo umncani nje. Zitjhida ngokukhamba nofana ukuthaya ngendlela yokuhlengezela. Ukunothisa amaqanda kwenzeka ngaphandle komzimba wesikazi. Eduna kuba ngiyo elusa amaqanda ukufikela lapho aqoqosela khona.
Ukudla Kwazo
Ziphila ngokudla iinlwanyana ezincani ezithayako zomhlobo onganamgogodlha ngokuthi zivele zizimunye ngempumudlwana zazo.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Zitholakala kiyo yoke imihlo yamalwandle womhlaba zombelele, okufaka hlangana i-Arctic.
Imihlobazo ejayelekileko
Anoplodactylus digitatus
Nymphon gracile
Nymphon sp.
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Ibizo
Ifarigi Yommango [Potamochoerus larvatus]
Ihlathululo
Iimfarigi zommango zithanda ukukhamba ebusuku begodu ziyingozi tle, njengombana zisebenzisa amazinywazo amade lokha nazisatjiswako. Amanani wazo angezekile eendaweni lapha abazumi bakhutjhwe khona begodu lapha ukuzuma kungasenzeki khona. Zidla imihlobo yokudla okuhlukahlukeneko ukusukela emirabhini neensada ukuya eenunwaneni, amaqanda Kanye nenyama imbala. Iimfarigi zommango zaziwa khulu ngamakghonwazo wokuzuma ukudla.
Iimbalobalo Eziqakathekileko
Ubudisi (Ezisikazi): 48 - 66 kg
Ubudisi (Eziduna): 46 - 82 kg
Ubude (Ezisikazi): 115 cm
Ubude (Eziduna): 115 cm
Isikhathi sokumitha: ziinyanga ezi-4
Inani labentwana: 3 - 8
Ubudisi nazizalwako: 700 g
Order: Artiodactyla
Umndeni: Suidae
Ukukhulisa
Ezi-3 ukuya kwezibu - 8 ezisesezincani zizalwa ukusukela ngenyanga kaSinyikhaba ukuya kwekaTjhirhweni ngemva kwesikhathi sokumitha esingaba pheze ziinyanga ezi- ± 4.
Ihlathululo Yesiporo
Amaqathazo makhulu kunalawo wefarigi yommango engumazinywana, begodu amaziphayo esikhathini esinengi amerega kuhle isiporo. Amaqathazo amakhulu atjhuguluka ngcono abe mhlobo wendawo esikhathini adla kiyo. Ngaso soke isikhathi iinlwanezi zihlala zisebenzisa indlela yinye naziyokudla, ngokobana zibumbe idledlana encani ematsikani ebonakala kuhle. khamba.
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Igama Lomndenazo Elijayelekileko
Boxfish
Elinye Igama Ebizwa Ngalo
Alikho
Igama Lesayensi
Ostraciidae
Ubukhulu
Ingakhula beyibe masenthimitha amatjhumi asithandathu.
Ikambiso Yokufanisa
Amaqephe wesikhumba sawo apakeleka ngendlela eqinileko, kanye nomzimba oqinileko owakheke njenge bhoksi. Isakhiwesi siyenza ingakghoni kuhle ukuthaya ngokukhululeka. Ayinazo izitho zokuthaya ezisebaleni. Nokho ithaya ngalezo zaphambili ezisesifubeni. Inomlonyana omncani orondo. Ziyahluka ngemibala kodwana ukuhleka okubizwa nge-honeycomb ngikho okujayelekileko.
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Umndeni we-Ostraciidae wakhiwe ngimikhakhawo elitjhumi nane kanye nemihlobo ematjhumi amathathu nekhomba. Igama layo lihlathulula ‘iqephe’ (shell) ngelimi lesi-Greek. Zimndeni womhlobo we-Pufferfish kanye ne-Cowfish. Omunye wemihlobayo (Lactophrys) uvamise ukukhupha itjhefu esikhumbeni sayo.
Imhlobo othaya buthaka, kodwana uvamise ukukhamba ngebelo eliphezulu nawothuselweko. Ezincani zakhona zinesakhiwo esirondo begodu zivame ukuba nombala okhanyako. Zimhlobo obekelela amaqanda ngaphakathi komhlobo welwandle elivulekileko (Pelagic spawners).
Ukudla Kwazo
Ziphila ngokudla iinkala, imizoka, iimilo zangemanzini (algae) neenlwanyana ezincani zangemanzini kanye nama-sea squirts.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Zitholakala kiwo woke amalwandle womhlaba wezinga elifuthumeleko kanye nelitjhisako.
Imihlobazo Ejayelekileko
Boxfish - Ostracion cubicus
Whitespotted boxfish - Ostracion meleagris
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Igama lomndenazo elijayelekileko
Garden eels
Ezinye zakwabo
Freckled, Spotted, Common, Red Sea,Taylor’s, Zebra
Igama lesayensi
Heterocongridae
Ubukhulu
Ingakhula beyibe masenthimitha amatjhumi alikhomba.
Ikambiso Yokufanisa
Inomzimba obumbeke njengewe nyoka kodwana yona ayinaso isikhumba esakhiwa maphepha. Izitho zemuva ethaya ngazo ziqaqada bezulumbane nezemhlana kanye nesesithweni sokukhupha uthuvi. Inesitho sokuphefumula kweenlwani zemanzini esincani. Ineencenye zomlomo ezikulu. Imibalazo ihluka ukusuka kokhanyako kanye namacatjhazana ukuya komnyama. Ezinye zazo zinombala o-orentji kanye nomhlophe.
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Umndeni wama-Heterocongridae wakhiwa mikhakhawo emibili kanye nemihlobawo ematjhumi amathathu. Zitholakala ngomhlambi omkhulu zindlaleke esandeni. Incenyazo ephezulu yomzimba iluleka ibengaphezu kweemilo ezifana nesanda, begodu kungakho iphiwe igama layeli. Imhlobo onamahloni tle. Enye nenye yazo ihlala emgodinayo. Isanda yamaboda wemigodazo inamathiselwe ngothuvi bayo kanye nedlala emamanzana etholakala emsilenayo. Ziba nabentwana ngokubekela, amaqanda ziwabekelela emanzini azombelezileko.
Ukudla Kwazo
Ziphila ama-planktons.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Zitholakala kwaphela esewula pumalanga ye-Atlantic kanye neSewula Afrika.
Imihlobazo ejayelekileko
Black garden eel - Heteroconger perissodon
Splendid garden eel - Gorgasia preclara
White-spotted garden eel - Gorgasia maculatus
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© Bio-Innovation Zimbabwe
Ipremi yemabola, nanyana i-Mobola plum (Parinari curatellifolia) yaziwa njengomuthi obetha umlozi i-grysappel nanyana i-bosappel, Mmola, Mbulwa, Mobola, Muvhula kanye ne-Umkhuna.
I ipremu lemabola elakheke njengekhowe elisabalalako liyabonakala lapha limila khona emangweni - eSwazini, Zimbabwe kanye neenfundeni ze-Mpumalanga neLimpopo zeSewula Africa. Umuthi lo unamakari onombala emibili (ikareli ngaphasi lisamlotha nokumhlophe) begodu likhiqiza amathuthumbo akheke njengebhorompita anuka kamnandi kusukela ngoVelabahlinze ukuya kuSinyikhaba. Amathuthumbo akhiqiza i-nectar enengi kanye ne-pollen yenyosi njeke ithandwa bafuyi benyosi.
Umuthi omkhulu westhelwesi ukhiqiza iinthelo ezimnandi ezilingana nepremu ezineskhumaba esidlekako esisarulana. Isthelo esivuthiwekwesi singadliwa sihlaza, sonyisiwe, siphekwe njengomratha, sisiliwe saskhitjhwa ijuzi nanyana sibilisiwe kwenziwa ngaso ibhiya.
Imbewu ezele amafutha yesthelwesi idliwa iyodwa (inambitheka njenge-almonds), nayisiliwe isetjenziselwa ukupheka isobho nanyana ihlanganiswe nemirorho. Amafutha akhitjhwa emantongomaneni. Amafutha akhitjhwa emantongomaneni asetjenziselwa ukupheka.
Ukusetjenziswa komuthi wepremu lemabola njengeshlahla, kubalwa ukusebenzisa iqolo lomuthi lesthelwesi ukwelapha amatjhwayo we-pneumonia, cataract kanye neendlebe. Amakari asiliweko angasetjenziselwa ukubhanditjha amathambo aphukileko nanyana atjhidileko nokupholisa iinlonda nokusikeka.
Iingodo ze-Mobola zimumethe i-silica eyenza kubebudisi ukusebenza ngazo, kodwana eziqinileko begodu zingasetjenziselwa njengamapali wemayini, iinketjana kanye nemikhumbi. Umuthi lo uthanda ihlabathu eyisanda engenwa mamanzi (ene-asidi) begodu siyazwela lokha nakumakhaza nalokha kunomoya.
Ukwala Kwezemaphilo
Ilwazeli lenzelwe ukufundisa kwaphela begodu akukafaneli bona lisetjenziswe njengesiyeleliso sezepilo. Ilwazeli alikenzelwa ukujamiselela iinluleko zezepilo nanyana ukulatjhwa okunikelwa ngusiyazi wezepilo.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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Kube matlhuwo esitjhabeni samaNdebele kanye nabalandeli bezemidlalo emva kokuthi umrhatjhi weKwekwezi FM ongumakekere kezokurhatjha zemidlalo, u-Aaron “Shadow” Mbonani lokha nakalala ubuthungo basafuthi.
Azange kwamukeleka esithabeni ukuthi u Shadow uziyele kibosemkhulu. Lokhu kwenzeke ngemva kokuthi amukelwe esibhedlela se-Philadelphia, Dennilton. Ukugula kwamehlula.
UShadow Mbonani, iGanadlha leMaphotla wafika emrhatjhweni njengomkhuzeli wezemidlalo. Indima yakhe yadlulela ngale kwezemidlalo afundisa, begodu akhuthaza ngelimi nesiko lesiNdebele.
Iphimbo lekulungwana lathoma ukuzwakala emrhatjhweni usaziwa nge-Radio Ndebele ngomnyaka ka-1986.
Ikutani yekhethu yahlonitjhwe ngonongorwana ngomnyaka ophelileko. Wathatha umhlalaphasi sekamvezi ngomnyaka ka 2021.
Ngu-Aaron Shadow Mbonani, iGanadlha leMaphodlha, Mlotjw’akozingelwako, Mbonani kaMahlokohla owahlokohla iimbila zisemlindini wazo. LiDhlowu liDlanga lifela kude. Leli liDlanga lakakhozana untjhebo ziphalakile. Ngumsongelwa bamsongela bangamboni, nabambonako bamlilizela. Liphimbo leKulungwana, elibukhali laye labamnandi endlebeni zabalizwako!
Ulime kwalimeka, lala uphumule Ganadlha, Mlotjhwa!
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lsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke amaGreyidi R-12 yethula umthetho-kambiso wekharikhyulamu nokuhlola emkhakheni wezokufunda. Abafundi kilencwadi ebizwa ngokuthi ISINDEBELE ESINOTHILEKO bazokwazi ukufumana woke amakghono azokuthuthukisa iimpilo zabo emikhakheni ehlukahlukeneko. Amakghono afana la alandelako: Ukulalela nokukhuluma Bazokwazi ukulungiselela okulandelako: • lkambiso yokulalela • Ukulungiselela ukulalela • Nakulalelweko • Ngemva kokulalela Ukulalela ukobana uthole ilwazi elithileko Ukulalela ukobana uhlabe begodu uhlole Ukulalelela ukuzithabisa Ukutlama, ukurhubhulula kanye nokuhlela Ukwethula Ukufunda nokubukela • lkambiso yokufunda • Ukulungiselela ukufunda • Nakufundwako • Ngemva kokufunda Amaqhinga asetjenziswa nakufundwako: Ukuthuthukisa ilwazi-magama nokusebenzisa ilimi. Ukwakha imitjho kanye nokuhlela amatheksti. Amatshwayo wamatheksti wezemitlolo. Ukutlola nokwethula Ukutlola okulandela ikambiso Ukutlama/ukulungiselela ukutlola Ukutlama Ukubuyekeza Uku-editha Kukhona lncwadi Yomfundi neNcwadi kaTitjhere. Asiyithabeleni-ke bafundi siyisebenzise ngefanelo khona sizakwazi ukuzuza.
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ISITHALA (ESIFUNDWA EBANDLENI) Arhostosi 2016
IsiThalesi sineehloko ezizokufundwa kusukela ngomhlaka-26 Septemba kufika ngomhlaka-23 Octoba 2016.
UMLANDO WOKUPHILA
Umsuka wepilo yomuntu oliNgisi lendabuko, uhlathulula indlela ipilo yobuthunywa bevangeli ePuerto Rico.
Kuyezwakala na nasithi umtjhado sisipho esivela kuZimu?
Fumana isinqophiso esisebenzako.
Funda ngeendlela ezintathu ezingenza abafundi beBhayibheli abakhutheleko bafaniswe nabembi begolide.
Akhufunde ukuthi ungakwenza njani lokho.
Ngimiphi imigomo emihle ongabasiza bazibekela yona?
Yini ebeyibangela ukuthi indaba yokugoma ngezandla ezingakahlanjwa ibe mraro ongaka emanabeni kaJesu?
EZIVELA EBULUNGELWENI LETHU
Ngitjho nanyana abaFundi beBhayibheli ngesikhathi sePi yePhasi yoku-1 bebangazwisisi ukuthi kutjho ukuthini ukungafaki isandla eendabeni zepi, kodwana bathela iinthelo ezihle tle.
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ESIKHATHINI esidlulileko, kwavela isihloko esikarisako kuphephandaba leKorea i-The Chosun Ilbo. Labuza, “‘UShim Cheong Olungileko,’ Ogade Angazi Litho NgoJesu—Waya Esirhogweni Na?”
Isihloko sephephandabesi besivusa amadlharuma ngombana uShim Cheong ungumma osesemutjha othandwako omlingiswa enolwaneni yeKorea, owadela ukuphila kwakhe bona asize uyise osiphofu. Sekuminyaka abukwa khulu. Eqinisweni eKorea, “uShim Cheong” bekaqalwa njengesibonelo sendodakazi ezinikeleko.
Kwabanengi, umbono wokobana umuntu onjalo uzokujeziswa esirhogweni ngebanga lokobana bekangasimKrestu obhajadisiweko awukalungi, begodu uyadina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inolwana le kufuze bona yenzeka kade khulu ngaphambi kobana umlayezo ngoKrestu ufike endawenekhabo.
Indaba esephephandabeni le beyihlanganisa nekulumiswano nomfundisi. Wabuzwa bona abantu labo abafa bangakalifumani ithuba lokufunda ngoJesu bazokuyiswa esirhogweni na. Waphendula wathini? “Asazi. Sicabanga bona kukhona uZimu akuhlelele [abantu abanjalo].”
IFUNEKO YOKUPHULUSWA
I-The New Catholic Encyclopedia ithi: “Ukubhajadiswa kuqakathekile bona umuntu aphuluswe. Njengombana noKrestu ngokwakhe atjho ukuthi ngaphandle kobana umuntu abelethwe kabutjha ngamanzi nangoMoya oCwengileko, ngeze angena emBusweni kaZimu. (Jn 3.5)” Ngebanga lalokhu, abanye bakholelwa bona labo abahlongakele bangakabhajadiswa balahlelwa esirhogweni namtjhana batshwenywa ngezinye iindlela ngemva kokufa.
Nokho, kunabanye abanengi, abaqala ikolelo leyo njengenganangqondo. Kuneengidi zabantu ezife zingazi litho ngeBhayibheli. Kghani zifanelwe kutshwenywa unomphela? Lithini iBhayibheli ngendaba le?
ITHEMBA ELISEBHAYIBHELINI
IBhayibheli likutjho ngokukhanyako bona uZimu akabakhohlwa abantu egade baphila banganalwazi leemfuneko zakhe. IzEnzo 17:30 ziyasiqinisekisa: “UZimu wathalalisa iinkhathi zokungazi.” Ngalokho, khuyini ethenjiswa yiBhayibheli ngalabo abahlongakele bangakalifumani ithuba lokufunda ngoZimu?
Ipendulo ifumaneka kilokho uJesu akutjela esinye seenlelesi egade abethelwe naso. Indoda yathi kuJesu: “Ungikhumbule nawufika embuswenakho.” UJesu wayiphendula wathini? ‘Ngiqinisile ngiyakutjela namhlanjesi, uzakuba nami ePharadesi.’—Lukasi 23:39-43.
Kghani uJesu bekathembisa indoda le bona izokuya ezulwini? Awa. Indoda leyo ‘beyingakabelethwa kabutjha’ ngamanzi nangomoya, okuyifuneko yokungena emBusweni wezulwini. (Jwanisi 3:3-6) Kunalokho, uJesu bekathembisa isilelesi lesa bona sizokuphila godu, ePharadesi. Njengombana beyimJuda, indoda le kungenzeka beyijayelene nephasi eliyiPharadesi—isimu ye-Edeni—ekukhulunywa ngayo encwadini yokuthoma yeBhayibheli. (Genesisi 2:8) Isithembiso sakaJesu samnikela ithemba eliqinisekisiweko lokuvuselwa ePharadesi nesele libuyiselwe ephasini.
Eqinisweni, iBhayibheli lithembisa bona “kuzakuba khona ukuvuka kwabafileko kwabo boke abalungileko nabangakalungi.” (IzEnzo 24:15) ‘Abangakalungi’ ngilabo abangakhenge balalele imithethokambiso kaZimu yokulunga ngombana bebangayazi intando kaZimu. UJesu uzosivusa nesilelesi esingakalungi esakhuluma naye kuhlanganise neengidigidi zabantu abafe bangazi litho ngoZimu. Ngalokho, ephasini eliyiPharadesi, bazokufundiswa iimfuneko zakaZimu, begodu bazokufumana ithuba lokuziveza bona bayamthanda uZimu ngokulalela imiyalwakhe.
LOKHA NEKUVUSWA ABANGAKALUNGI
Lokha abangakalungi nesele bavusiwe, kghani bazokwahlulelwa ngokwalokho abakwenza esikhathini esidlulileko? Awa. KwebeRoma 6:7 ithi: “Nanyana ngubani ofileko, ukhululiwe emandleni wesono.” Abangakalungi bazabe sele babhadalele izono zabo ngokufa. Ngalokho, bazokwahlulelwa ngokwalokho abakwenze ngemva kokuvuswa, ingasi lokho abakwenze ngokungazi ngaphambi kobana bafe. Bazokuzuza njani?
Ngemva kokuvuswa, abalungileko bazokufumana ithuba lokufunda imithetho kaZimu, leyo ezabe yembuliwe lokha kuvulwa imiqulu engokomfanekiso. Ngemva kwalokho bazokwahlulelwa “ukuya ngemisebenzi abayenzileko” ukuthi bayayilalela imithetho kaZimu nofana awa. (IsAmbulo 20:12, 13) Kwabanengi abangakalungi, lokhu kuzabe kungasi lithuba lesibili, kodwana ithuba labo lokuthoma lokufumana ukuphila okungapheliko ephasini ngokufunda nokwenza intando kaZimu.
Ifundiso yeBhayibheli le isize abanengi bona babe nekholo kuZimu. UYeong Sug ngomunye wabo. Wakhuliswa njengomKatolika ozinikelo. Amalunga womndenakhe bekubaphristi. Afuna ukuba yi-nun (umma wekeregeni ongatjhadiko), wayokuhlala ekhaya lawo. Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi, wabeka phasi ngombana wadaniswa zizinto azibona zenzeka lapho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bekangayamukeli ifundiso yesirhogo ngombana bekacabanga bona ukutlhorisa abantu esirhogweni somlilo kukungabi nabulungiswa nethando.
Ngemva kwalokho, omunye waboFakazi bakaJehova watjengisa uYeong Sug amezwi la aseBhayibhelini: “Abaphilako bayazi bonyana bazokuhlongakala, kodwana abahlongakeleko abazi litho; abasenamvuzo ngombana ukukhunjulwa kwabo akusekho.” (UmTjhumayeli 9:5) AboFakazi bamsiza bona alemuke bonyana abokhokho bakhe abatlhoriswa esirhogweni. Kunalokho, balele ekufeni, balindele ukuvuswa.
Ukwazi bona abantu abanengi akhenge bezwe iqiniso eliseBhayibhelini, uYeong Sug wakhumbula amezwi afumaneka kuMatewu 24:14 athi: “Ivangeli lombusweli lizakutjhunyayelwa ephasini loke, kube bufakazi kizo zoke izizwe ngaphambi kobana kufike isiphetho.” Kwanje uhlanganyela ekutjhumayeleni iindaba ezimnandi nekutjeleni abanye ngethemba elikarisako elisekelwe eBhayibhelini.
“UZIMU AKAKHETHI”
IBhayibheli lithi “uZimu akakhethi, kodwana omesabako enze okulungileko nanyana angewasiphi isizwe uyamukeleka kuye.” (IzEnzo 10:34, 35) Lobu bulungiswa obupheleleko soke esingabulindela kuZimu, ‘othanda okufaneleko nokulungileko.”—IRhubo 33:5.
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Abantu beNiniva, idorobho ebelise-Asiriya bebakhohlakele. UJehova watjela umphorofidakhe ukuthi akhambe ayokutjela abantu beNiniva batjhuguluke endleleni abaphila ngayo. Kodwana uJona wabaleka, akhenge aye eNiniva. Waya edoyelweni leenkepe, wakhwela iskepe esiya eTharatjhitjhi.
Kuthe isikepe nasisese selwandle, kwavuka umoya omkhulu, kwaba nesiwuruwuru, abathayi ngesikepe bebathukwe bangazazi. Omunye nomunye bekathandaza uzimakhe asithi : ‘Kubayini intwele yenzeka kithi?’ Ekugcineni, uJona wathi kibo: ‘Ngimi okufuze abekwe umlandu. Ngibalekela ukwenza lokho uJehova angitjele bona ngikwenze. Ngithathani ningiphosele ngelwandle khona isiwuruwurwesi sizakuthula.’ Abathayi ngesikepe bebangafuni ukumphosela ngelwandle, kodwana wabakatelela. Nabaqeda ukumphosela, isiwuruwuru sathula.
UJona bekacabanga ukuthi uzokufa. Njengombana kancanikancani atjhingela ngemanzini, wathandaza kuJehova. Ngalokho uJehova wathumela ifesi ekulu. Yaginya uJona, kodwana khenge imbulale. Angaphakathi emathunjini wefesi, uJona wathandaza wathi: ‘Ngiyathembisa bona ngizokulalela koke okutjhoko.’ UJehova wavikela uJona angemathunjini wefesi amalanga amathathu woke begodu wenza bona ifesi leyo imkhafulele ehlabathini eyomileko.
Njengombana uJehova asindisa uJona nje, kghani lokho bekutjho ukuthi uJona akusatlhogeki bona aye eNiniva? Awa. UJehova wamtjela godu ukuthi kufuze aye. Kilokhu, uJona walalela. Wakhamba waya eNiniva watjela abantu abenza izinto ezimbi wathi: ‘Emalangeni ama-40, iNiniva izokubhujiswa.’ Ngemva kwalokho, kwenzeka into ebeyingakalindeleki—abantu beNiniva balalela bebatjhugulula nendlela abaphila ngayo. Ikosi yeNiniva yathi ebantwini: ‘Phendukani, niyame kuZimu. Mhlamunye angekhe asibhubhise.’ Kwathi uJehova nakabona ukuthi abantu beNiniva baphendukile, azange asababhubhisa.
UJona wasilingeka ngombana idorobho khenge libhujiswe. Cabanga: UJehova umbekezelele uJona bewaba nomusa kuye, kodwana uJona bekanganamusa ngabantu beNininva. Kunalokho, uJona wakhamba wayokuhlala ngaphandle kwedorobho ngaphasi komthunzi womuthi womrarela, wadubhula nomlomo. Kusesenjalo umuthi womrarela loyo wafa, uJona wasilingeka kokugcina. Ngalokho uJehova wathi kuye: ‘Utshwenyeka ngomuthi womrarela kunokutshwenyeka ngabantu beNiniva. Ngibe nomusa kibo, basinda.’ Besiyini isifundo? Abantu beNiniva bebaqakatheke ukudlula nanyana ngimuphi umuthi.
“[UJehova] . . . uyaninyamezelela, akathandi bonyana kubhubhe namunye, kodwana kobana boke baphenduke.”—2 Pitrosi 3:9
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Eenkhathini zekadeni amatje wokusila bekasetjenziswa njani?
Amatje wokusila bekasetjenziselwa ukugayela ikoroyi ibe yiflowuru bona kwenziwe uburotho. Ukusebenzisa amatjela lawo bekumsebenzi wangamalanga obewenziwa bomma nofana iinceku emzini ngamunye. Umdumo wokugayela bewuhlotjaniswa nokuphila kwangamalanga eenkhathini zekadeni.
Iinthombe namabunjo weGibhide yekadeni ziyakutjengisa lokho. Ikoroyi beyibekwa phezu kwelitje lokugayela. Umuntu osilako bekaguqa eduze kwelitjelo bese abambe imbokotho encani ngezandla zombili, ayikhambise phezu kwelitje lokugayele lo, ayitjhingise phambili nemva asile ikoroyi. Enye incwadi ithi, amatje wokugayela ngokujayelekileko anobudisi obumakhilogremu amabili nofana amane. Nayisetjenziswa njengesikhali, imbokotho leyo beyingakubetha ikubulale.
Ilitje lokugayela ikoroyi beliqakatheke khulu ehlala kuhleni yomndeni kangangobana umthetho weBhayibheli gade ukuvimbela ukuthatha ilitje lokugayela njengesibambiso. UDuteronomi 24:6 uthi, “Kungabi nomuntu othatha ilitje lokugayela njengesibambiso ngitjho nanyana kungaba yimbokotho ngombana uzabe abambisa ngepilo.”
Ihlathululo ethi ‘osesifubeni’ itjho ukuthini?
IBhayibheli lithi uJesu ‘usesifubeni sakaYise.’ (Jwanisi 1:
Emalangeni wangesikhathi sakaJesu, amaJuda bewabhambalala emasofeni ahlelwe ngokulandelana etafuleni yokudlela. Kuthi ihloko yomuntu ngamunye iqondane netafula, iinyawo zakhe zibe ngemva, bese adzimelele ngendololwanakhe yangesinceleni. Indlela le yokuhlala beyenza ukuthi isandla sakhe sangesidleni sitjhaphuluke. Njengombana boke babhambalele ngamahlangothi wangesinceleni ngokulandelana kwabo abantu abadlakwabo etafuleni, “ihloko yomunye iba seduze kwesifuba salowo ohlezi ngemva,” kutjho enye incwadi “ibuye inabe ngokuthi, lokho bekutjho ‘ukulala esifubeni’ somunye.”
Ukulala esifubeni sehloko yomndeni namkha sewoma lalabo abasesidlweni bekuqalwa njengento ekhethekileko nehlonitjhwako. Yeke, kwathi ngePhasika lamaswaphela lakaJesu, “omunye wabo omfundi uJesu agade amthanda,” umpostoli uJwanisi, ‘obekathanda ukulala esifubeni sakaJesu.’ UJwanisi bekathanda ‘ukuyama esifubeni sakaJesu’ abe ambuze nombuzo.
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Igama Lomndenazo Elijayelekileko
Jellyfish
Igama Lesayensi
Hydrozoa
Ubukhulu
Ingakhula ukusuka ku-1 cm ukuya ku-2,5 m kanye nenyama engana mathambo engaba masenthimimtha amatjhumi asithandathu.
Ikambiso Yokufanisa
Indlela efaniseka ngayo nebonakala khulu, yindlela amathumbayo akheke ngayo. Isitho sayo eside esingana mathambo kanye nezinye izitho ziphuma ukusuka emlonyeni kanye nesakhiweni samathumbayo. Imibalazo ivamise ukuba ngekhanyelako, enokuhlaza sasibhakabhaka, obukhobe, obuvu kanye nesikhumba esimhlophe.
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Irhemo lama-Hydrozoa embuswenazo wama-Cnidaria wakhiwa mihlobo ebalelwa e-1 750. Ihlobene khulu nemihlobo ebizwa ngama-corals kanye nama-anemones. Zithaya ngokuthi zirhunyeze imisiphazo bese zitjuze ngokungena hlangana namanzi ngamathumbu. Zibamba ukudla kwazo ngokusebenzisa isitho esitholakala hlangana nenyama ede enganamathambo bese ziyaziluma zizidosele emlonyeni. Zona zidliwa ziimkghuru. Zibekela amaqanda, nezivame ukuwabekela bekatjhuguluke aqoqosele umhlobo lo wefesi.
Ukudla Kwazo
Ziphila ngokudla ama-plankton, nezinye iimfesi zakwabo kanye neemfesana ezincani.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Zitholakala kiyo yoke imihlobo yamalwandle wobujamo obufuthumeleko umhlaba zombelele.
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Misinyana ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uJesu wathi: “Iindaba ezimnandi ngombuso kaZimu zizakutjhunyayelwa ephasisni loke, kube bufakazi eentjhabeni zoke.” (Matewu 24:
Silinga ukufikelela abantu emizini yabo. UJesu wabandula abafundi bakhe bona batjhumayele iindaba ezimnandi umuzi nomuzi. (Matewu 10:
Silinga ukufikelela abantu kinanyana ngiziphi iindawo esingabafumana kizo. UJesu naye wasibekela isibonelo ngokutjhumayela ebantwini abasetjhatjhalazini, njengalabo abaseendaweni ezimagega nelwandle neendaweni zomphakathi okukhiwa amanzi kizo. (Markosi 4:1; Jwanisi 4:
Ukhona na umuntu omcabangako ongathanda ukumtjela iindaba ezimnandi zoMbuso kaZimu, nokobana iindabezo zithini ngengomuso lakhe? Ungazibulungeli wena mathupha iindaba zethembezi. Zitjele nabanye msinyana ngendlela okungakghonakala ngayo!
Ngiziphi iindaba eezimnandi okufuze sizitjhumayele?
AboFakazi BakaJehova basilingisa njani isibonelo sakaJesu sokutjhumayela?
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AMAGAGASI welwandle le-Atlantic asunduza umkhumbi awusa eYurobhu. Omunye wabakhweli uGeorge Young, bekacabanga ngeenthelo zomBuso kaZimu azitjhiye enarheni asuka kiyo iBrazil. * Kodwana ipilo iragela phambili, uMnakwethu uYoung uya esabelweni sakhe esitjha, esimini engakalinywa yeSpain nePortugal. Wathi nakafikako, wahlela bona abantu balalele iinkulumo zeBhayibheli zakaMnakwethu uJ. F. Rutherford. Wakhambisa namaphetjhana azii-300 000!
Wathi nakafika eLisbon ngesiruthwana sango-1925, wathola izinto zitjharagene. Ipi yombango eyalwiwa ngo-1910 yaqeda ukubusa kwamakhosi, yehlisa isithunzi seSonto lamaRoma. Abantu besele batjhaphulukile, kodwana umtjhagalo nomguruguru bewusesekhona enarheni le.
Njengombana uMnakwethu uYoung enza amalungiselelo wokulalelwa kwekulumo kaMnakwethu uRutherford, urhulumende wabeka umthetho wokuthi amasotja ngiwo azokutjheja koke okwenziwa mphakathi. Ibanga lalokho kukuthi umbuso wapheze waketulwa, lokho kwabizwa ngokuthi yi-coup d’état. Unobhala zombelele we-British and Foreign Bible Society wamyelelisa bona uzokuphikiswa. Wabawa imvumo yokusebenzisa ijimu yesikolo iCamões Secondary School, bamvumela.
Lafika langomhlaka-31 Meyi, okulilanga okuzokulalelwa ngalo ikulumo kaMnakwethu uRutherford. Abantu bebalinde ngabovu! Imikhangiso esemakhiweni nemaphephandabeni isivezile isihloko sekulumo le esithi, “Ungaphila Njani Ephasini Ngokungapheliko?” Abefundisi bekolo abasiphikisako nabo bafaka sabo isihloko emaphephandabeni ebesitjela abantu ukuthi bayelele “abaphorofidi bamala” abasand’ ukufika. Bebajame nesangweni lejimu banikela abantu iincwajana eziyelelisa ngeemfundiso ezizokutjhiwo nguMnakwethu uRutherford.
Nanyana kunjalo, kweza abantu abazii-2 000 kwazala swi, kwathi abanye abazii-2 000 bajikiswa ngebanga lokutlhayela kwendawo. Abanye balalela baseentepisini ezenziwe ngeentambo, abanye bebahlezi phezu kwezinto okujinywa ngazo.
Izinto bezinande zingakhambi kuhle. Abaphikisi bethu babanga itjhada, babhula neentulo. Kodwana uMnakwethu uRutherford bekazigedlile wakhwela etafuleni khona azokuzwakala kuhle. Wathi nakaqedako, phakathi nobusuku, abantu abayi-1 200 batjhiya amabizo neemphande zabo bona bathunyelwe iincwadi zeBhayibheli. Ngakusasa kwakhona, iphephandaba lakhuluma ngekulumo kaMnakwethu uRutherford.
NgoSeptemba 1925 kwathonywa ukugadangiswa isiThala sesiPutukezi ePortugal. (Besele sikhona isiThala sesiPutukezi eBrazil.) Ngokukhamba kwesikhathi uVirgílio Ferguson wafudukela ePortugal bona ayokusiza ngomsebenzi kaZimu. Wakhe wasebenza noMnakwethu uYoung egatjeni elincani labaFundi beBhayibheli eBrazil. UMnakwethu uVirgílio wafika nomkakhe uLizzie, basebenza noMnakwethu uYoung. Bafika kuhle ngombana uMnakwethu uYoung besekabelwe kezinye iindawo kuhlanganise neSoviet Union.
Amasotja aketula obekaphethe ePortugal, afaka umongameli ongundlovu kayiphikiswa. Izinto zathoma ukuba maphorodlha enarheni leyo njengombana sebabanengi abaphikisi. UMnakwethu uFerguson walibamba litjhisa, wavikela isiqhenyana esincani sabaFundi beBhayibheli wathuthukisa nomsebenzabo. Wabawa nemvumo yokusebenzisa umuzakhe bona kubanjelwe kiwo imihlangano yebandla. Wayithola ngo-Oktoba 1927.
Ngomnyaka wokuthoma wokubusa kwakamongameli lo, abantu abama-450 bebafumana isiThala qobe nyanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho iqiniso larhatjheka kizo zoke iinarha ebezibuswa maPutukezi—e-Angola, e-Azores, eCape Verde, e-East Timor, eGoa, eMadeira neMozambique.
Ngekupheleni kweminyaka yabo-1920 uManuel da Silva Jordão obekasebenza ematonini weza eLisbon. Ngesikhathi ahlala eBrazil wakhe wezwa ikulumo yethulwa nguMnakwethu uYoung. Walibona iqiniso, lokho kwamenza bona afise ukuzokusiza uMnakwethu uFerguson ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi wokutjhumayela. Yeke uMnakwethu uManuel nakazakwenza lokho wathoma ukuphayona. Njengombana iincwadi bese zigadangiswa bezinikelwe abantu ngendlela ehlelekileko amabandla weLisbon athuthuka khulu.
Ngo-1934 uMnakwethu uFerguson nomkakhe kwafuze babuyele eBrazil. Nanyana kunjalo imbewu yomBuso besele bayitjalile. Isiqhema saboFakazi sahlala sithembekile nakuqubuka ipi yombango ye-Spain nePi yePhasi yesiBili eYurobhu. Kwakhe kwaba nesikhathi lapha ukukhanya kwabo kufifiyela khona, kwathi ngo-1947 umlilo wavutha nakufika uJohn Cooke owaba sithunywa sevangeli sokuthoma esabandulwa eGiliyadi enarheni le. Ngemva kwalokho isibalo saboFakazi endaweni le sakhuphuka sikhuphukile ngitjho nanyana urhulumende akhandela umsebenzabo ngo-1962. Ngesikhathi umsebenzi waboFakazi uvunyelwa ngokomthetho ngoDisemba 1974 isibalo saboFakazi saba zii-13 000 enarheni leyo.
Namhlanjesi sekunabatjhumayeli abangaphezu kwee-50 000 ePortugal neenhlengeleni okukhulunywa kizo isiPutukezi, kuhlanganise ne-Azores neMadeira. Ebantwinaba sekunesizukulwana sesithathu salabo abalalela ikulumo kaMnakwethu Rutherford ngo-1925.
Siyamthokoza uJehova ngabafowethu bangesikhatheso abaqina isibindi barhatjha ilizwi, baba ‘ziinsebenzi zatjhatjhalazi zakaKrestu Jesu.’—Rom. 15:15, 16.—Ezivela ebulungelweni lethu ePortugal.
^ isig. 3 Qala isihloko esisesiThaleni sangomhlaka-15 Meyi 2014, esithi “Usesemnengi Umsebenzi Wokuvuna Okusafuze Wenziwe” kk.31-32.
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Igama Lomndenazo Elijayelekileko
Knifejaw
Elinye Igama Ebizwa Ngalo
Beakfish
Igama Lesayensi
Oplegnathidae
Ubukhulu
Ingakhula beyibe masenthimiths amatjhumi alithoba, ubuncani bazo ziba masenthimitha amatjhumi amahlanu.
Ikambiso Yokufanisa
Inomlomo obumbeke njengewe-Parrot kezidala ngiwo efaniseka nehlukaniseka lula ngawo. Wakhiwe mazinyo apakeleneko. Inesitho sokuthaya sangemhlana esiphasi khulu. Isitho sokuthaya sangaphasi kanye nesangemhlana sesibili zenza umzimba ubumbeke njengeskwere. Imibalazo ihluka ukusuka kosiliva onamabala anzima ukuya kamlotha kanye namatshwayo amhlophe.
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Umndeni wama-Oplegnathidae wakhiwe mukhakhawo owodwa kanye nemihlobazo esithandathu. Inamaphetjhana amancani akha isikhumba sayo agcwele umzimba woke. Kumhlobo onamahloni khulu, ngokuthi emini utholakale ngaphasi kwamaphadlhuka uzifihlile. Ukudla ikuzuma ebusuku. Imibala yamadzinyanazo iyahluka kuneyezidala. Zibekelela hlangana namatje kuthi eziduna kube ngizo ezifukamela amaqanda.
Ukudla Kwazo
Ziphila ngokudla ama-barnacles, molluscs, sea urchins, seaweed, sponges kanye ne-red-bait.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Zitholakala kiyo yoke imihlobo yamalwandle wobujamo obufuthumeleko umhlaba zombelele.
Imihlobazo Ejayelekileko
Banded knifejaw - Oplegnathus fasciatus
Cape knifejaw - Oplegnathus conwayi
Spotted knifejaw - Oplegnathus punctatus
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Igama
Ubudzobhelani (obumatsikana) [Galerella sanguinea], begodu baziwa njengobomsila onencenye yesiphetho esinzima.
Ukwakhekanokuvela
Umhlobo lo wobudzobhelani obusikazi bunesilinganiso sobudisi esimagremu amakhulu amahlanu namasumi alikhomba nahlanu (575 gr), begodu buncani kunalobo obuduna, ngombana obuduna bunesilinganiso sobudisi esimagremu amakhulu alikhomba nesumi nahlanu (715gr). Imibalawo ihluka ukusuka embaleni ozotho okukhanyako ukuya kobomvu okunzotho, nokho lokho kuya ngeendawo lapho butholakala khona. Ngaphasi emathunjini bunombala okhanyako. Umhlobo lo unomsila owaziwa khulu ngokuba nencenye yesiphetho enzima ngombala, kodwana lobo obutholakala eendaweni ezimakhaza buvamise ukuba nzimatshu.
Ukudla
Umhlobo lo wobudzobhelani uphilango kudla amakhondlo amancani, iimbhadwa, nezinye ezirhurhubako begodu kesinye isikhathi udlaneenyoni, unjalonje waziwa nangokudla iinswebu kanye nabofezela.
Ukuzala nokukhulisa
Bujarhana bebuzale kesinye nesinye isikhathi sonyaka, kodwana buvamise ukuzala khulu ehlobo. Buvamise ukuzala ngemva kwesikathi sekambiso yokumitha esiziimveke ezibunane ukuyakezilithoba, begodu buzala idzinyana linye nofana amadzinyana amathathu ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukuziphatha kwabo
Buphila ngokuhlukana nofana ngamunye, kodwana iinkhundla zabo zivamise ukuvikelwa nofana zilawulwe ngobuduna obune. Umhlambi wabo uvamise ukuba nobusikazi ebumbalwa, kunjalo nje lobo obuduna obuhlobeneko nobungakahlobani bubayincenye yalobu obulawulako. Iinkhundla kanye neemhlambi ayikavamisi ukulawulwa ngeziduna ezisikazi, kodwana amadzinyana aduna nasikazi ayakhitjhwa bona akhambe ayozitholela yawo indawo.
Ikhaya/indawo yokuhlala/isikhundla
Umhlobo lo wobudzobhelana uthanda khulu ukuhlala eendaweni ezimahlathi womhlobo we-savannah khulukhulu lapho kunemithithi edege. Imigodazo isuselwa eenthubuni ebegade zingezomuhlwa, ngaphasi kwamadwala, kanye nemithini eyomileko kanye neendaweni ezibizwa nge-Koppies.
Lapho butholakala khona
Umhobo lo wobudzobhelana utholakala khulu eendaweni zekabeni kanye netlhagwini-pumalanga yeendawo zeSewula Afrika, eNamibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe ukuya ngaphakathi kwePumalanga kanye neTjhingalanga yenarhakazi ye-Afrika.
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Ihliziyo Ede: Inoveli kanye nemisebenzi
Author(s):Msiza, MP
ISBN: 9780636146341
Subject: Literature
Grade(s): Grade 9
Language: IsiNdebele
Ubugebengu, ukungathembeki ikohlakalo nomona yinto esele abantu baphila ngayo amalanga la, abasibangaki abantu abafuna ukusebenza, abantu abanengi bafuna ukuphila ngezinto zabantu/izinto zokwetjiwa, ukudlula lapho babe nomona ngazo. Abanye bathoma ngokwenza kuhle epilweni, kodwana izinto zabo zingakhambi kuhle ekugcineni ngebanga lesimo nomkhumbulo obuthakathaka njengombana kwenzeka komunye wabadlali enovelini le. Njengombana kuhlala kutjhiwo bonyana ungamuthembi umuntu kuncono uthembe ilitje, enovelini le kuvela iinhlobo/amalunga womndeni ebela ubaba uMgidi iinkomo zakhe. Iinkomezi zetjiwa malunga womndeni ebekacabanga bonyana ubugebengu buzobaphumelelisa, kodwana ngetjhudu elimbi akusikho koke okucabangako okwenzeka ngendlela ocabanga ngayo. Sifanele sikhumbule bonyana koke esikuthole ephasinapha sizokutjhiya lapha.
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Igama
Umbrella Thorn
Igama lesi-Latin
Acacia tortilis
Ihlathululo
Amaqolo womuthi lo ayanghwara begodu amlotha ukuya embaleni onzima. Umuthi lo unameva amade anqophileko akhambisana nalawo amafitjhana agobeneko. Ameva la amatsikana begodu amila ngamabili. Amathuthumbo abumba isiqhenyana sawo esigodweni somuthi esidala. Amathuthumbo wona aziimbholo zombala omthuthu kanye nokumhlophe. Iinkhwanyana ezimumatha imbewu zimthuthu khulu, zinombala oligolide khulu begodu zigobene esiphethweni. Amakari la mancani begodu apha umuthi lo isakhiwo esifana namasiba. Iinlwani zidla amakari kanye namevawo, nokho ameva ziwadla khulu nakasesemancani. Ameva amadala naqinileko angaba yingozi eenlwanini eziwadlako.
Ameva la abukhali begodu amhlophe, amanye anqophile amanye agobene. Ahleleke ngalinye nofana ngamabili. Umuthi lo utlhurha ngenyanga kaNobayeni (ehlobo) ngamatlhurhelo aminyeneko amhlophe, kodwana ukuvela kwamathuthumbo kwenzeka ngokutjhiyatjhiyana nangokuna kwezulu. Unesakhiwo esisezingeni eliphezulu, wakheke njenge sambureni ekuhlotjaniswa nomuthi wameva. Uvame ukukhula uphakame ngamamitha angaba mahlanu ukuya kamasumi amabili ngokwemvelo. Iinyoni ezinengi zisithanda khulu isakhiwo somuthi lo ngokuthi ziwusebenzisele ukwakha iindlwana zazo. Kumumuthi okhula buthaka ngokuphakathi begodu ufinyelela ukuphakama okubalelwa emamitheni amathathu ukuya kamahlanu kanye nokunaba okumamitha abunane ukuya kalisumi nathathu.
Amathuthumbo kanye neenthelo
Umhlobo lo womuthi i-Acacia tortilis (Umbrella Thorn) ukhiqiza iimbewu eziimbalwa nezidliwa ziinlwani zomango, kuthi kesinye isikhathi udliwe babantu. Isikhwanyana esimumethe imbewesi sakheke ngokudege kanye nokugobeka, sinombala ozotho okumthuthu begodu ziwela ehlabathi zingakavuleki. Zibuthelelwa ngobunengi khulu begodu zidliwa nokhunye mabhalabhala, Impala, abobhejana kanye neendlovu.
Leyindlela imbewu le engakavuleki erhatjheka ngayo ukuthi imile godu ngemva kokudlula ngaphakathi kwendeni yesilwana. Iinkhwanyana ezimumatha imbewu zeminye imihlobo yemithi le zivuleka ngaphambi kobana ziwele phasi ehlabathini, begodu zitjaleka ngokurhatjheka.
Umsebenzawo
Iplanka lawo lisetjenziselwa ukwenza amapala wesibiyelo sedrada, iinkuni, ifinitjhara kanye neengodo zokwakha ikarana. Imbewu iba hlangana nokudla okuphuma phambili kweenlwani zemarhalawumbeni begodu amathuthumbo wawo anambitha kamnandi, nekukudla okutholakala emithini ngesikhathi sebusika e-Sub-Sahelian belt. Amaqolo asetjenziselwa ukwenza iintambo e-Tanganyika. Ikghomu lawo liyadliwa begodu lingasetjenziswa ukusiza umuntu weensini ezibuthakathaka. Lomumuthi othandwa khulu ekubuyiseni imibundu yemilambo e-India kanye ne-Afrika. Amagatja anameva asetjenziselwa ukhwakha iwogo kanye nesibaya. Amaqolwawo kuthiwa amthombo omuhle khulu we-tannin.
Abantu be-Afrika bakhe basebenzisa imbewu ukwenza ubukhazikhazi. Abantu benarheni ye-Senegal basebenzisa imirabhu ukwenza imikhonto, kuthi abantu be-Lake Chad basebenzisa isiqu sawo ukwenza umkhonto wokuhlaba iimfesi. Kuthi labo ababizwa nge-African nomads basebenzise khulu imirabhu ethambathambileko ukwakha izidlu zesikhatjhana. Imbewu kanye namakari amumethe ama-nutritions amanengi begodu avamise ukudliwa ziinyamazana kanye nefuyo. IImfene zomhlobo we-Vervet Monkeys kanye neenKghabu zidla amakari nakasesehlaza, kuthi ezinye iinlwani zidle imbewu evamise ukuwela phasi.
Indawawo yemvelo
Umuthi lo i-Acacia tortilis ungatholakala eendaweni ezimibundu yesanda yamagega nemilambu kanye nemadwaleni ukuya emirhobeni, kodwana ibalekela iindawo ezinamanzi amanengi. Kumhlobo okghona khulu ukujamelana nesomiso, umila eendaweni ezinokuna kwezulu elibalelwa emamilimitheni amasumi amane ukuya ema-1200 mm, kanye nesomiso esingaba yinyanga ukuya kezilisumi nambili. Umuthi lo uthanda khulu umhlobo wehlabathi ebizwa nge-alkaline soils kodwana uvame ukuthumba umhlobo obizwa nge-saline kanye ne-gypseous soils.
Lapho itholakala khona
Umuthi lo i-Umbrella Thorn uhlangana naleyo yomhlobo we-Acacia esabalele ngobubanzi khulu. Umuthi lo ungatholakala enarheni ye-Mozambique, Botswana, Swaziland, Tranvaal, Orange Free State kanye neKapa. Umuthi lo wahlathululwa kade eminyakeni eyadlulako emakhulu amabili enarheni ye-Egypt kanye ne-Arabia. Kuthiwa lapho imile khona kubonakala kuba nobuhle botjani kanye nehlabathi.
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Amakampa Wokuphumula Amane
Amahlalo weMapungubwe mahle khulu! Woke amakampa wokuphumula womane asandukwakhiwa, njeke mahle kwamanikelela. Akunamarantabula enziwe ngotjani abhorako lapha.
Ikampa ngayinye inendlelayo eyakhiwe ngayo, ama-architects bazame ukwenza isiqiniseko sokobana imetheriyali yokwakha iyafanelana nendawo leya.
Ngendlela umakhiwo lo wakheke ngayo kanye nebhoduluko lemvelo ngezinye zeembonelo ezimbalwa eziphumelela khulu ze-eco-architecture ekhe ngazibona.
Ngaphakathi kwemakhiwo, ikampa ngayinye inendlela yayo eyakheke ngayo.
Zoke iindawo zalapha zokuhlala uyaziphekela begodu iphaga le ayinazo iindawo zokudlela ama-restuarants nanyana amavikili njengezinye.
Ikampa i-Leokwe
Le yikampa ekulu, iseduze ne-to the Confluence View Site kanye ne-Treetop Hide. Isekugcineni kwe-sandstone valley ehle kwamanikelela, ezele ngamatje abovu, aphakama aya phezulu ngejarideni yekampa. Umtlamo wendawo le wakhiwe ngeboda ledaka, yakheke njengemayekrestini weVenda, imakghwakghwa, begodu yakheke sandulungu, ikotaseli lihlangana kuhle nebhoduluko lakhona.
Ikampa yokuphumula le ineendawo yokududa - swimming pool, ekhathwe elitjeni, indawo yokubasa inyama esesenta kanye nomthunzi welanga. Kunevikili elincani esele lakhiweko, kodwana gade lingakavulwa lokha nangikweriye la. Ngitjelwe bona lithengisa intwanyana ezinengi ezijwayelekileko, ezifana ne-charcoal, amaswidi, inemanedi, kodwana ezisizinengi.
Ikampa Yehlathi le-Limpopo Enetende
Ikampa le ihlangana nehlathi elibizwa bona yi-riverine esetjingalanga ye-reserve le. Ikampa le iseduze kwe-Maloutswa bird hide. Nanyana ungeze ubone umlambo, ikampa enetende le likhaya lamakhulukhulu weenyoni, kanye nezinye iimbandana. ‘Lokha ngilapha, iimfene zalapha gade zihlanya, zisuka kilo umuthi ziye komunye.’ Ngangithukwe kancani! Nanyana kunjalo, kuthulile lapha yindawo ehle yeenyoni.
I-Vhembe Wilderness Camp
Le yikambha engiyithanda khulu ukuzidlula zoke. Esetjingalanga yehlathi lephaga, kude nayo yoke into.
Kunamakambha amane kwaphela ekambheni le, akhiwe ekugcineni kwehlathi elizele imithi.
Akunagezi ikambha isebenzisa igezi yelanga ukukhanyisa.
Indlu ngayinye inemibhede elala umuntu munye emibili, indlu yokuphumela, itjhawara kanye ne-deck evulekileko. Ifenitjhara engaphakathi yihle.
Kunekumba yokuphekela ehlanganyelwako, ikumba yokudlela kanye ne-lapa elihlanganyelwa zizindlu ezine. Kunedamu elincani lokududa, elifihlwe mamatje ngale kweKambha.
I-Tshugulu Lodge
Le i-lodge ngeyobukhazikhazi. iTshuglu yi-logde yabantu abakweriyileko ehle khulu enemisamelo emikhulu ematofotofo. Isepumalanga yephaga, begodu ihlangana namatje amakhulu amade. Amatje abomvu la ayakarisa.
iTshugulu inedamu lokududa elikhulu ukuwadlula woke ephageni, lapha imvakatjhi zikghona ukuzigedla khona zilale kamnandi emakamerweni wokulala amahle anekumba yokuhlamba ngaphakathi. Zoke izindlu ezilapha zine-air-conditioner kanye nema-mosquito nets. Kunenkumba zokulala ezisithandathu, begodu lapha kungahlala abantu abayi-12. Kunekumba yokupheka enezinto zoke, ezinenqandisi.
Indawo yeMapungubwe lapha Uzenzela khona Ukudla
Woke amahlalo weMapungubwe ukudla uyazenzela abakho abantu abaphekako. iMapungubwe National Park, ayinawo amavikili lapha ungathenga khona izinto, njeke kuqhono bona uze uzilungiselele, nange uphelelwa maqanda, kungeze kwafuneka bona utjhayele amakhilomitha ayi-70 uye e-Alldays nanyana eMussina uyokuthenga amanye.
Lokha ukweriye emini kwaphela, kunendawo ethengisa ukudla kwekuseni, kanye nokudla okulula, begodu kunezinye iindawo ze-picnic lapha ungajama khona wose inyama. Ungaqatjha amarhasi wokosa inyama endaweni yokwenza i-picnic, kodwana ngeze wakghona ukuthenga iinkuni. Nawungena e-Reception esesangweni elikhulu kunesiqandisi esinamanzi, i-fruit juice kanye nenemanedi.
Zoke iindawo ezilalisa abantu zekhiwe kuhle begodu uyaziphekela. Ikumba ngayinye inekhitjhi elinezinto zoke ekubalwa nama-microwave, toaster, isiqandisi, istofu nokunye. Zikhona neempoto, izitja, iingobho kanye namapani. Into ekufanele uziphathele yona kukudla, neenselo kanye neenkuni.
Amanzi wepompini wephaga le ayaseleka kodwana akanambitheki kamnandi. Nangabe unamathumbu atefako, kunqhono uzizele neyakho i-mineral water nanyana ibhiya.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe
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Igama lomndenazo elijayelekileko
Rabbitfish
Elinye igama ebizwa ngalo
Spinefoot
Igama lesayensi
Siganidae
Ubungako
Ingakhula beyibe masenthimitha amatjhumi amane, ubuncani bazo ziba masenthimitha amatjhumi amathathu.
Ikambiso Yokufanisa
Inomzimba osipara owakheke njengeqanda, kanye nomlomo omude. Inomlonyana omncani kodwana ubonakala kwanga udosekile. Inelungu langemhlana eliqaqadako, begodu inamasasa alingana nalo. Umsilayo wakheke njengeforogo. Imibalazo ihluka ukusuka komhlophe kanye nosarulana begodu kuba namacatjhazana azotho nofana ubuzotho obuhlukahlukileko.
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Umndeni wama-Siganidae wakhiwe mikhakhawo emibili kanye nemihlobo ematjhumi amabili nekhomba. Zibizwa nge-Rabbitfish ngebanga lokufana kwazo ngempumulo. Amasasazo anetjhefu eyingozi. Zitholakala ngemihlambi nofana ngazimbili hlangana neemilo zangemanzini, kanengi zitholakala emanzini angatjhingi khulu.
Zisebenzisa amazinyo ukukha nokuhlephula iimilo ezibizwa ngama-algae ukusuka ematjeni. Zikghona ukutjhugulula imibalazo ukwenzela ukuzifihla. Zitjhagala khulu emini. Zimhlobo obekelela amaqanda ngaphakathi komhlobo welwandle elivulekileko (Pelagic spawners).
Ukudla Kwazo
Zimhlobo ophila ngokudla iimilo nofana utjani, khulukhulu obutholakala phasi esithomeni samanzi.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Zitholakala emalwandle abizwa ngama-Indo-Pacific kanye ne-Mediterranean.
Imihlobazo ejayelekileko
Coral rabbitfish (Siganus corallinus)
Foxface rabbitfish (Siganus vulpinus)
Whitespotted rabbitfish (Siganus sutor)
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UNelson, Winnie Mandela, uMongameli u-George Bush kanye ne- First Lady uBarbara u-Bush. bakhamba buthaka engadini ye-White House.
Ngemva kokobana akhitjhiwe ngetrongweni, uMandela wathatha ivakatjho lemveke ezisithandathu ekhambela iinarha ezehukahlukeneko ekubalwa ne-United States, ukugidinga ukukhitjhwa kwakhe ngentrogweni nanokuhlangana nabadosi phambili balapho, khona bazokwabelana ngemibono yendaba zepolotiki, nezomnotho. Yena nomkakhe uWinnie Mandela bakhambela e-Washington D.C bayokuhlangana noMongameli uGoerge Bush, nemkakhe uBarbara Bush e-White House. Kwakulivakatjho elikhumbulekako begodu kwakgelebha kwakha ubuhlobo obuhle Hlangana neSewula Africa kanye ne United States.
UMadiba wakweriyela eNew York Boston, e-Atlanta Detroit, Los Angels kanye ne Oakland ejimeni lokubuthelela iimali le-African National Congress (ANC) wakweriyela iinkolo, waya wmihlanganweni, wazibonela nenarha leya. Ikhambo lakaMadiba le United States ladala bona kube nobudlelwane obuhle begodu lavula umthombo wenlokotho ezihle emdosini phambili weSewula Africa lo.
“Enye yezinto engazifunda, nangibambe iinkulumiswano, kukobana ngingakazitjhugululi, ngeze ngatjhugula abanye.” ~ Nelson Mandela
Umvumi we-pop weSewula Africa uBrenda Fassie othintekileko emoyeni, usingatha uMandela....more
UNelson Mandela wabuyela emzinakhe eOrlando eSoweto ngemva kokobana bamkhiphe ngentrogweni ngonyaka ka-1990. UMandela wakhulela e-no- 8115 Vilakazi Street esele iphendulwe i-museum....more
Ngonyaka ka-1991, uNelson Mandela wathola unongorwana wokumhlonipha eJwanibhege e-Univesithi ye-Witwatersrand ngokuzinikela kwakhe enarheni le, nokuba mdosiphambili oyikakaramba okhe wabonwa eSewula Africa....more
Abalweli bekululeko abanengi ukubalwa noNelson Mandela, egade eligcwetha ngeskhatheso basolwa ngumlandu wokuzama ukuketula umbuso ngeminyaka yabo 1950 yebandlululo....more
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Iimvelo Yamambala Yesihlengeleni
Indlela enqhono yokubukela imvelo yesihlengelesi kukhamba kiso. Ngabanetjhudu ukuphiwa ithuba lokwenza lokho, ngingatjho bona ikhambo lami esihlengelenesi kwakungelimnandi ukuwadlula woke epilwenami. ’ukwalandela lapho, kwabayincazelo encani ngekhambelo. Ukuzombeleza ishlengelweso esimamitha ayi-12 kwangithatha ama-iri amane ukobane ngikuqeda, ngizikhambela kancani. Ishlengelesi siyindawo espara, ngaphandle kwelanga elitjhisako uzikhambela kamnandi. Iindlela ezithulileko kanye nezindlu zakhona ezingahlalwa babantu zoke zitjhiswa lilanga lokha abahlai bakhamba abanye basuka abanye baya kizo. Kunenkoloyi ezimbalwa eshlengelenesi, kunekoloyi elayitjha abasebenzi eshlengelenesi soke.
Sikhuluma nje kunabantu abangaba ma-150, abahlala eshlengelenesi, begodu batmphakathi opheleleko. Kunehlangano yalapha ejamele abahlali balapha i-(RIVA Robben Island Village Association), kukhona ngitjho nephephandaba lakhona eliphuma nyangazoke elibizwa bona yi-The Lighthouse.
Abantwana Esihlengelenesi
Kufanele bona kunomzwangedwa, nanyana kunjalo kumnandi, njengoba umphakathi omunye nomunye kufale ube njalo. Kodwana ebusuku, lokha kuthoma ukuvunguza umoya, ishlengelesi sitjhugulula ubuso sithome ukuthusa. Omunye wabentwana abahlala lapha walinga ukungithusa ngendaba zempoko ezikhambakhamba endleleni ezinzima. Ngamkholwa, nanabe ikhona indawo ephasini enempoko zakade kufanele kube yi-Robben Island. Entambama leyo, lokha nangileleko embhedeni, ngingedwa emzini wemvakatjhi, ngaqabanga bona ngizwe ukukhambakhamba komutnu ojame eduze kwevesidiri.
Kuyayarara ukubona bona kunabantwana abangakhi abahlala lapha. U-Allice engangivakatjhe kuye unabantwana ababili abancani, begodu uthi, kuyindawo ehle yokukhulisela abentwana, begodu iphephile. Ivalelekile kunokubola kwemadorobheni kwephasi lanamhlanjesi. Inentlabagelo zokudlala ezinengi, ikulisa, kanye nevikili 9 abahlali bakhona abasalibiza i-The Mess jarida lskolo linetjhada, kuyindawo yethabo, abahlali balapha baduda edamini lokwenziwa elinesisebenzi esibagadileko. Begodu lihlala limatasatasa.
Ngale Kwesigoga
Ngale kwesigoga, into yokuthoma oyibonako yi-view. Ubona intaba i-Table mountain ehle kufanele bona gade kubuhlungu embotjhweni ukubona iKapa kodwana bangakghoni ukuya kilo, iPumalanga yeshlengelesi izele amakhambo webhesi, kodwana awukghoni ukuthabela i-Vista ngaphandle kokobana utjhayele kancani. Ngalithabela ikhambeli ngokuqala i-the Alpha One outpost, kanye nensalela zomkhumbi i-Fong Chung, ikoponi yamasotja emosekileko, IWWII lookouts engasathlogonyelwako, kanye negwari endala ka-Van Riebeeck 9 kwanjesi esele izele ngamanzi ahlaza, nehlala izele iinyoni)
Nasiragela phambili ngekhambo lapha iimbhesi zijika khona ziqale ngemzini onelekghe, utjhiya incenye ephuqukileko yeshlengele ngemva ungene ehlathini elisetjingalanga. Lapha, iimvelo ivunyelwe bona ibekhona, iphawu lokobana iphazamiswa babantu ulibona ngendledlana yamatje elapho. Umdomo welwandle uzala iindlebe zakho, njengoba iinyoni zelwandle zihlangana ngobuneni ematjeni. Iinkomo zomango zidla ngokuthula etjanini obude, magega nendlela. Kodwana ikhambeli alibhori. Nawulapho ukghona nokubona ekapa, ubone iindawo ezifana ne-City bowl, Sea point kuya e-Camps Bay, Twelve Apostles kanye ne-Chapman’s Peak nekuyi-view ongaze wayithola nanjana kiyiphi indawo ephasinapha.
Idoyele Labonophehlwana
Isibanga esifitjhani nawudlulako, kunendlu encani esikepe kanye nedamu akukukade lingasasetjenziswa elibizwa bona –yi Baths of Bethesda, lapho abantu egade banobulwelwe besilephero gade bahlambela khona emanzini welwandle apholisako amakhaza. Ishlengelesi sinedoyelo lekanophendlwane elifihleke ngemva komuthi we-bluegum ongesidleni, njengoba ilwandle lingesinceleni. Phambili kunelwandle elivulekileko. Kuthule kuthe du. Eduze kwaphezulu eshlengeleni, uthola igwari, lapha iimbotjhwa ezinengi zeshlengeleni gade zenza umsebenzi obudisi, nalapha egade zitlhoriswa khona. Kunentuntuma yamatje aphukileko, nawujame eduze kwegwarelo ukghona ukubona bona imbotjhwa zakade gade zitlhoriswa.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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Iinkolelo zabasotho mayelana nokufa nepilo ngemva kokufa kuthintwa ngezekolo zekerege ezirh atjhwako.njeke, inengi laBasotho, iinkolelo zalo kanye nendlela abenza ngayo izinto sele kutjhugulukile. Abasotho bakholelwa ekutheni indoda (umuntu) unomzimba wenyama (umzimba) kanye newomoya nanyana isithunzi. Umzimba ngewesikhatjhana begodu uzokufa ubole, begodu bakholelwa ekutheni umoya awufi begodu awonakali. Lokha umuntu nakaphilako, umoyakhe uphila emzimbeni, abanye bakholelwa kobana usehliziyweni, banye bathi usehloko, kodwana abanengi bakholelwa kobana usemzimbeni woke. Umoya ungatjhiya umzimba ebusuku, uzulazule, amabhudango atjengise abantu izinto. Abaloyi barhona ukwenza bona imimoyabo itjhiye umzimbabo ngokuthanda kwabo, bese bayawutjela kobana wenzeni.
Ekufeni. umoya utjhiya umzimba uzulazule eduze. Kuze kufike lapha umuntu abulungwa khona, umoya wakhe usemrarweni ngombana ungatjhuguluka ube sipoko nange ilimu lomuntu loyo lingasikwa zinyanga benze ngalo isihlahla esiqinileko. Ukukhandela lokhu,umzimba ulatjhwa ngenhlanhla ugadwe uze ubulungwe. Ngemva kokuwubulunga, umoya uyakhamba, abanye bakholelwa kobana uya ekhaya layo lakade e-Ntsuanatsatsi nanyana abanye bakholelwa kobana ubuyela ezulwini.
Ngokwesiko isiqhema ngasinye somndeni kuhlunjanwa kobana sivikelwe madlozi waso (-badimo) kanye nobukhosi buboke bungaphasi kwamadlozi. Ukukholelwa ebazimini kunomthelela epilweni yaqobe malanga, yaBasotho khulukhulu emalwelweni. Woke amalwelwe kudlunjanwa kobana alethwa bezimu, ekukholelwa kobana bagulisa abantu abaphilako ukwenzela kobana babhubhe, ukwenzela kobana bazokuhlala nabo kwabafileko. Namhlanje kunamalwelwe ambalwa ahlotjaniswa nabezimu, ukuyatha, kanye nokungalali. Bakholelwa ekutheni bungalatjhwa ngokurabhela abezimu, ukwenzela kobana kube nobuhlobo obuhle nabezimu babo, ngokobana bahlabe isilwane, nanyana benze umsebenzi egade bangakawenzi. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, aBasotho baragela phambili ekukholelweni kobana, abazimu badlala indima eqakathekileko ekulapheni imihlobohlobo yamalwelwe. Barona ukubarhelebha ngokusebenzisana nenyanga ipengu nayivelileko.
Inyanga iqakatheke khulu emphakathini waBasotho. Irhona ukulapha beyinikeze ngenhlanhla ilaphe amalwelwe ajwayelekile, isuse amabhadi beyiwakhandele, ivikele iingozi, ilethe netjhudu nepumelelo. Inyanga irhelebha ubujamo abantu abangarhoni ukubulawula babodwa, nanyana nabazizwa bangakaphephi. Ukwenza njalo, basebenzisa iinhlanhla ezenziwe ngamakhambi, amabharsi kanye nezinye iintjalo nenlwane. Inyanga ibona amalwelwe kanye nenhlanhla eziwalaphako ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali kanye nemitjhini.
I-selaoli silapha amalwelwe ngokuphosa amathambo,kanye namagobolondo njalonjalo. Okuya ngokobana ithambo liwelephi, inyanga irhona ukubona bona umuntu ugula uphethwe yini. Indlela le iya ngokobana idlozi libatjelani kanye nangomkarisomraro. Ukulatjhwa kwesiguli kuyame ekutheni imimoyo ekwatileko irajelwa njani,ngokuhlatjelwa kanye nangokuqala imihlolo, kunokwelapha. I-senohe mumuntu orhona ukubona izinto abanye abantu abangarhoni ukuzibona, eyenza kobana arhone ukubona amalwelwe nokubona ikusasa.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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Event
Kgoshikgolo Mampuru II
Isikhumbuzo seNgwenyama uKgoshikgolo Mampuru II
Event Schedule
27 Jan 2018 10:00 AM - 03:00 PM past event
Tribal Office
Mamone, Jane Furse, Limpopo, South Africa.
Njengeminyakeni, sizabe sigidinga begodu sikhumbula amakhosi amadala nasikhumbula uKgoshikgolo Mampuru II wesitjhaba sabaPedi.
Iveke le, uKgoshikgolo Mampuru III, uzabe akhumbula ukhokho wakhe emnyanyeni waqobe mnyaka obanjelwa emtjhade eMamone, eJane Furse, ngesifundeni seLimpopo.
YiNgwenyama ebusa isitjhaba sabaPedi ngesikhaso sombango wayo nomntwanekosi owaba yiNgwenyama uSekhukhune kaSekwati. Ngo-1882, uMampuru wabalekela esitjhabeni samaNdebele erholweni laKonomtjherele ngemva kokubulala uSekhukhune.INgwenyama yamaNzunza uNyabela wamfihla. Ukusahlela kwamaBhuru weTransfala kamengameli uPaul Kruger, ayedoswa phambili nguJenerali uPiet Joubert (uSilwangendlala), kwagcina ngokuthi uMampuru noNyabela babotjhwe bayokugwetjwa ePitori.
INgwenyama uMampuru wagwetjwa isigwebo sentambo, waphanyekwa mbuso kaPaul Kruger ngomhla ka 22 November ngo-1883. Nanamhlanje ngemva kweminyaka eyi-135, akwaziwa bona wenjelwa kuphi.
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Igama
Izuba (elihlaza satjani)
Ukuvela nokwakheka kwalo
Incenye ephezulu yomzimbayo inombala omlotha ukuyela kosarulana okuqarhwe ngombala ohlaza satjani, iinyonga zayo zisarulana kanye namabala avayolethi (violet) phezu kwamaphikwalo. Amabalazo ahlaza ayenza ikghone ikubhaqa lula phezu kwemithi. Imilomawo inombala obomvu esithomeni sawo kanye nencenye yesiphetho esimhlophe. Iinyawo zalo nazo zibomvu.
Ukudla
Liphila ngokudla iinthelo ezifana namafeyi.
Ukuhlangana nokubekela
Ukusuka ngenyanga kaMrhayili ukuya kuMhlolanja kusikhathi sawo ajayeleke khulu ngaso. Zakha isidleke sazo emithini nemagatjeni aziimforogo ngokusebenzisa iingojwana ezincani kanye namakari. Amadzinyana aqoqoselwa ngemva kwamalanga abalelwa kalisumi nantathu. Indima yeliduna kukuthi ikhambe izumana namagatja amancani bese liwathuthele elisikazi, bese elisikazi liwabuthelela beliwapake khona esidlekeni. Elisikazi likhetha indawo lapho lifuna ukwakha khona isidleke, bese lihlala egatjeni lilindele eliduna ukuthi lilethe amagatja amancani ukuthi kwakhiwe isidleke. Anjalo nje adlala indima yokuba abazali abahle khulu. Afukamela amaqanda ngaso soke isikhathi, akasitjhiyi sodwa isidleke.
Ukuziphatha
Avamise ukuphila ngokubambisana, khulukhulu ngemihlambi emincani. Athola ukudla kwawo emithini, abhula bekavule iimphiko ukwenzela ukunzinza, begodu avamise ukubambela emithini alembelele nofana aqale phezulu. Iinsiba zawo ezihlaza satjani zenza bona akghone ukuzifihla lula khulu emithini. Ukuphapha kwawo kumsinya begodu kuyanqopha.
Indawo yokuhlala
Emahlathini, khulukhulu magega nemilambo kanye nehlathini lemithi yamafeyi.
Lapho zitholakala khona
Amazuba la atholakala enarheni ye-Zimbabwe, etlhagwini kanye nepumalanga ye-Botswana, etlhagwini ye-Namibia, e-Muzambique, esiFundeni seTlhagwini, e-Mpumalanga kanye nepumalanga yeligu leSewula Afrika.
Igama lesi-Latin
Treron calva.
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Imigwalo emihle etjhiywe bezimu babathwa ematjeni kanye nemabodeni wamarholo angeze waphika ngehlangana neminye emihle khulu ephasini eburhwarini obenziwe babathwa.
Ngokufanako ama-(petroglyphs) atholakala enarheni le ephakathi, kodwana amagwalo wawo khulukhulu eendaweni ezimamatje ezifana ne-Drankensburg (KwaZulu-Natal) esifundeni se-Eastern Cape kanye nese-Western Cape (ekufakwa hlangana nendawo ye-Cederberg).
Kutholakala iinthombe nanyana imigwalo yabantu kanye namaqina amakhulu, akukavami kobana bagwale ngenarha egade bahlala kiyo.
Ekuthomeni abantu abanengi gade badlumbana kobana uburhwarobu gade butjengisa bona abathwa baphila njani qobe ngamalanga nanyana kobana butjengisa amarikhodi wabo wokuzuma, nanyana umncopho wokobana uburhwari babo gade buhlotjaniswa nezekolo yabo kanye nenkolelo lize gade kukhona kusukela ekuthomeni. Isiko loburhwari sele lafa eminyakeni eminengi eyadlulako, begodu eencenyeni ezinye zenarha bafa kade kunangeskhatheso.
Imibala esetjenziswa babathwa eburhwarini babo gade kumbala obomvu, ukusukela ko-orentji ukuya embaleni onzotho, omeruni, osarulana, omhlophe kanye nonzima. Akukho lapha bakhe basebenzisa khona umbala ohlaza satjani nanyana ohlaza kwesibhakabhala.
Kutlhogeka kobana kusetjenziswe iindlela ezihlakaniphileko zamakhemikhali kobana kurhujululwe kobana gade bayithola njani ihlanganisela yemibala le, begodu minengi imibuzo esoloko kungakatholwa iimpendulo zayo ngalokho. Umbala obomvu gade bawuthola ngokobana basebenzise ibumba elibomvu i-heamatite kanye nelisarulana i-limonite.
Kwesinye iskhathi kade kusetjenziswa umlotha kanye ne-Manganese oxide, lokha nabapenda ngombala onzima, lokha ipende emhlophe, yonakala msinya, gade bayenza nge-kaolin nanyana ngamadede wenyoni. Ngonyaka ka-1930, indoda emuthwa edala ekhabe kade Ibukela abanye abathwa nabagwalako, yatjengisa ezinye zendlela zokugwala ekhabe asazikhumbula, yatjho nokobana utlhoga igazi leqina kobana alihlanganise neminye imibala –egade kukhombisa itjhwayo lokuba sithako esenza umkariso mraro.
Ukukopa imidwebo yawo esamatjeni kubudisi khulu. Akusikanengi ungarhona, ngebanga lokobana izinto ekhabe bazisebenzisa nabadwebako kade zingakenziwa ngamakhemikhali (ukwenza Isibonelo azinayo i-carbon) njenge ngebanga lokobana ubunengi bama elemendi anganamakhemikhali Agade bawasebenzisa mancani khulu kobana bangawahlola.
Nange kunensalela eziphuma ematjenapho zalapha gade badwebe khon, lokha nakusetjenziswa i-archaelogy imethiriyali eyenziwe ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali abantu abasebenza nge-archaelogy bayarhona ukobana babone bonyana ilitjelo ladwetjwa nini,ngokobana umdwebo loyo mdala kangangani.
Enye indawo ese-Namibia ikhombise imidwebo ayadetjwa eminyakeni edlula eyi-26 000 yamatje anepende enzima, kodwana eminye imidwebo itjengisa kobana yadwetjwa eminyakeni eyi-10 000 eyadlulako. Imidwebo eminengi isesekhona begodu iyabonakala ematjeni, kwesinye isikhathi okungenzeka bona akusingeyakade ngebanga lokobana ilitje livamile ukonakala nokubola. Imidweno ese-Drankesberg yempera kanye namajoni itjengisa bona imidwebo leyo akusingeyakade ukudlula i-19th century.
Imidwebo yabathwa ibonakala ngokobana abadwebe umuntu onga uyagijima, okutjengisa ngokusepepeneni kobana usebelweni. Izenzo ezenzeka emidwebeni leyo zitjengiswe ngendlela ezinengi ezehlukahlukeneko, kuneminye etjengisa amaqina eqa nanyana agijima, agobe imisila nanyana ajikise iintamo. Kwesinye isikhathi imidwebo esematjeni leyo ikhombisa ukwenzeka kwesiga, ngaphambi kokobana senzeke, Isibonelo lokha umzumi nakazokukhipha umqibilitjholo, nanyana ibhubezi ngaphambi kokobana leqe. Njengezinye izinto ezenzeka empilweni zabathwa kanye nemasikweni wawo, kunemihlobohlobo yemidweno, ehluka ngestayela, ngokobana kukhulunywa ngani njalonjalo, eduze kwezinto ezifanakwezo ezitjengisa kobana abadwebi bagcugcuzelwe zinkolelo ezifanako.
Iimpende ezinemibala emibili kanye nalezo ezinemibala edlula emibili yamaqina, okusilwane esilitjhwayo elikhulu ebathweni, begodu eliyikomba yekolo yabanye abathwa, nakungasibo boke uburhwari. Imidwebo wabathwa abagidako, lapha abafazi bawahla khona lokha amadoda nakagidako, ayihlanganisela yobunye uburhwari obulaphako besiko, njengobakwaziwa ebathwaneni be-Kalahari. Imidwebo yamajoni, iinkariki kanye nezinye izinto nayo ikhona kancani. Imidwebo yemilando – ekubalwa hlangana eyarholela ukuqedweni kwesiko lokudweba, kanye nendlela yepilo eSewula-Africa.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana
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Igama Lomndenazo Elijayelekileko
Manta ray
Ezinye Zakwabo Emndenini
Manta, Atlantic manta, Pacific manta
Igama Lesayensi
Manta birostris
Ubukhulu
Ingakhula beyibe mamitha alikhomba.
Ikambiso Yokufanisa
Inomzimba onesakhiwo esirondo kanye namaphiko azincantathu. Umlomayo ungaphambili. Inenceye ebonakala njengephondo eseduze nomlomo. Amehlwayi asemahlangothini wehloko. Umsilayo mude ukudlula umzimba. Ivamise ukuba nombala omnyama encenyeni ephezulu yomzimba kanye nekhanyako encenyeni ephasi, kesinye isikhathi iba namacatjhazana emathunjini. Imihlobazo enzima ebizwa ngama-Black Mantas iyatholakala emalwandle abizwa nge-Coral seas.
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Umndeni wama-Myliobatidae wakhiwe mikhakhawo elikhomba kanye nemihlobo ematjhumi amane nambili. Zinemihlobo emibili. Omncani wakhona utholakala hlangana neemilo zemamanzini kuthi ekulu yazo ibemhlobo othuthuka njalo (M. birostris). Zimhlobo wepilo esengozini yokutjhabalala tle. Zinamazinyo apataleleko ezingawasebenziseli ukudla.
Zibonakala hlangana neemilo zemanzini lapho kuhlanze khona ezinye iimfesi ezihlukahlukeneko, ezifana nama-wrasse kanye nabentwana bama-Angelfish. Zithanda ukwazi khulu, begodu zinokuya emikhunjini ejamileko engasikinyekiko. Zizala amadzinya sele aphila begodu athuthuke ngokwaneleko angaba mabili ukuya kamane, ngokuthi zibe mhlobo oqoqoselela ngendeni.
Ukudla Kwazo
imhlobo ophila ngokukhetha khulu kilokho ezikudlako. Ukudla kwazo kufaka hlangana iimbungwana zezinye iimfesi kanye nama-plankton.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Zitholakala kiyo yoke imihlobo yamalwandle wobujamo obufuthumeleko umhlaba zombelele.
Imihlobazo Ejayelekileko
Reef manta
Manta alfredi
Reef manta
Manta alfredi
Giant manta
Manta birostris
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ISITHALA (ESIFUNDWA EBANDLENI) Apreli 2013
Umagazini lo uzokuhlathulula indlela esingataditjha ngayo iBhayibhili bona sisebenzise ukuhlakanipha kwakaZimu ekonzweni nekuphileni kwethu mathupha.
Funda ngendlela ilutjha elinengi elihlule ngayo iintjhijilo bona landise ikonzwalo yobuKrestu.
IBhayibhili lizosisiza kwaphela nesilitaditjhako begodu sisebenzise iimfundiso zalo. Funda indlela yokwenza ukufunda kwakho iBhayibhili kuzuzise khudlwana.
Inga-kghani uqala iBhayibhili njengeliqakathekileko? Ukutaditjha u-2 Thimothi 3:16 kuzokwakha ikholo lakho esiphwenesi esivela kuJehova.
UMLANDO WOKUPHILA
Funda ngomlando wokuphila ka-Aili no-Annikki Mattila, abafunda ukuthembela kuJehova kukulapho bakhonza njengamaphayona etlhagwini eFinland.
Sinelungelo lokuba yingcenye yehlangano kaZimu yendawo yoke. Singawusekela njani umsebenzi ewenzako namhlanjesi?
Yini ezosisiza sikhambisane nehlangano kaJehova begodu sibulunge itjisekwethu ekonzweni kaZimu?
UJesus wabikezela bona itempeli lakaJehova lizokutjhatjalaliswa ngokupheleleko. Kghani itempeli leJerusalema lakhe lakhiwa kabutjha ngemva kwaka-70 C.E.?
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Ngokulandela isibonelo samaKrestu wekhulu lokuthoma, aboFakazi bakaJehova abakahlukaniswa ngesigaba sabafundisi nesabantu abajayelekileko. Woke amalunga abhajadisiweko aziinkhonzi ezizinikeleko begodu ahlanganyela emsebenzini wokutjhumayela nokufundisa. AboFakazi bahlelwe ngamabandla anamalunga angaba likhulu. Amadoda avuthiweko ngokomoya ebandleni ngalinye akhonza “
njengamadoda amadala” namkha abadala (Titosi 1:5, NW) Ikonzo le bayenza ngaphandle kokubhadelwa.
Funda Okungeziweko
OKUBUZWAKO
Ngaphandle kokuthatha ikongozelo namkha kwetjhumi, funda ukuthi kwenzeka njani ukuthi umsebenzi wokutjhumayela ephasini loke lo uragela phambili ukhula.
BOBANI ABENZA INTANDO KAJEHOVA NAMHLANJESI?
Abadala bamadoda angokomoya adosa phambili ebandleni. Basiza njani?
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Bobani Abenza Intando KaJehova Namhlanjesi?
AboFakazi bakaJehova batholakala ephasini loke begodu bavela kizo zoke iinhlanga namasiko angafaniko. Khuyini eyenze bona iwomakazeli lihlangane ndawonye?
UZimu ufuna intando yakhe yenziwe ephasini loke. Iyini intando leyo, begodu bobani abafundisa ngayo namhlanjesi?
Bangakhi aboFakazi bakaJehova obaziko? Kuliqiniso kangangani okwaziko ngathi?
Funda ngamabanga amathathu asenza sikhethe ukubizwa ngebizweli
Khuyini okusenza siqiniseke bona sikuzwisisa ngendlela enembileko lokho okufundiswa yiBhayibheli?
Khuyini okwenza iBhayibheleli OkuliliZwi lakaZimu lihluke?
Sihlangana ndawonye ngomnqopho wokufunda imiTlolo nokukhuthazana. Nawe wamukelekile!
IliZwi lakaZimu likhuthaza ubuhlobo bobuKrestu. Fumana ukuthi ungazuza njani ebuhlotjeni obunjalo.
Ukhe wazibuza na bona kwenzekani emihlanganweni yethu? Asingabazi bona uzoyithabela ifundo yeBhayibheli esezingeni eliphakemeko.
Inga-khgani uZimu unendaba nendlela esimbatha ngayo? Funda ngeenkambisolawulo zeBhayibheli ezisenza simbathe ngendlela esimbatha ngayo.
Ukufunda kusesengaphambili ngalokho okuzococwa emihlanganweni kungakuzuzisa kwamambala kilokho okuzokucocwa ngakho.
Fumana indlela ilungiselelweli elingakusiza ngayo bona utjhidelane noZimu nomndenakho.
Qobe mnyaka, sihlangana ndawonye emihlanganweni emithathu ekhethekileko. Ungazuza njani emihlanganweni le?
Silandela indlela kaJesu yokutjhumayela lokha asesesephasini. Ngiziphi ezinye zeendlela esizisebenzisako?
Abanye babofakazi bazinikele ukusebenza ama-awara ama-30, ama-50, ngitjho nangaphezulu ekonzweni yesimini. Bahlohlozelwa yini kanti?
Ngiyiphi ifundobandulo efunyanwa ngilabo abazinikele emsebenzini wokutjhumayela ngomBuso isikhathi esizeleko?
Abadala bamadoda angokomoya adosa phambili ebandleni. Basiza njani?
Iinceku ezikhonzako zenza koke ezingakwenza bona yoke into ebandleni ibe semnananeni. Funda bona umsebenzabo ulizuzisa njani ibandla.
Kubayini ababonisi abakhambako bavakatjhela amabandla? Ungazuza njani nebavakatjhileko?
Nekwenzeka ihlekelele, sibasiza ngokurhabako abanye ngezinto abazitlhogako, siduduze nabongazimbi ngokomoya. Sibasiza ngaziphi iindlela?
UJesu wathembisa bona uzakukhetha inceku ezakukhipha ukudla okungokomoya ngesikhathi esifaneleko. Kuphekwa njani ukudla okungokomoya?
Ngekhulu lokuthoma, idlazana lamadoda amadala nabapostoli bebamalunga wesihlopha esibusako sebandla lobuKrestu. Kuthiwani nganamhlanjesi?
IBethel yindawo engafani nezinye enomnqopho ohlukileko. Funda okungeziweko ngalabo abakhonza khona.
Iimvakatjhi zingeza zizokubona indawo enye nenye yama-ofisi wethu wegatja. Siyakumema bona wenze njalo!
Sigadangisa iincwadi ngamalimi angaphezu kwama-600. Kubayini senza umzamo ongaka?
Nekuziwa endabeni yezeemali, khuyini okwenza ihlanganwethu le ihluke kwezinye iinkolo?
Kubayini sibiza iindawo esihlanganyela kizo ngokuthi maWolo womBuso? Funda bona izakhiwo ezihloniphekilekwezo zilisiza njani ibandla.
IWolo lomBuso elihlanzwe kuhle nelisebujamweni obuhle lidumisa uJehova. Ngimaphi amalungiselelo wokutlhogomela iWolo lomBuso?
Ungakuthabela ukwenza irhubhululo bona uthuthukise ilwazi lakho ngeBhayibheli? Vakatjhela eBulungelweni eliseWolweni lomBuso!
Ungafunda ngathi nangeenkolelo zethu ufumane neempendulo zeBhayibheli.
UJehova uZimu ukuthanda kwamambala. Manje ungenza njani ukuthi umthabise qobe langa epilwenakho?
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NJENGOMBANA bekalisokana elesaba uZimu, ubabami u-Arthur bekafuna ukuba mfundisi wesondo lamaMethodist. Kodwana watjhugulula umkhumbulwakhe njengombana besele athome ukufunda iincwadi zabaFundi beBhayibheli, selathoma nokuhlanganyela nabo. Wabhajadiswa ngo-1914 aneminyaka eli-17. Kwathi ePini yePhasi yokuThoma, wabizwa bona azokuba lisotja. Walikhomba libaba, wathi epini kulapha angayi khona. Walilelwa ziinsimbi, wagwetjwa iinyanga ezilitjhumi ejele iKingston Penitentiary ese-Ontario, eCanada. Wathi nakaphuma ejele waba yi-colporteur namkha iphayona lesikhathi esizeleko.
Kwathi ngo-1926, u-Arthur Guest wathatha umkhamanzi uHazel Wilkinson, ummakhe wathola iqiniso ngo-1908. Babeletha mina-ke ngomhlaka-24 Apreli 1931, ngingowesibili ebantwaneni abane. Ipilo yomndenethu beyidzimelele khulu ekulotjheni uJehova. UBaba bekalihlonipha khulu iBhayibheli, asifundisa nathi ukuthi silithande iliZwi lakaZimu. Besihlala sitjhumayela umuzi nomuzi simndeni.—IzE. 20:20.
UKUNGAZIBANDAKANYI KWAMI KEZEPOLOTIKI NOKUPHAYONA NJENGOBABA
Kwaqubuka iPi yePhasi yesiBili ngo-1939, kwathi ngomnyaka olandelako inarha yeCanada yakhandela umsebenzi waboFakazi bakaJehova. Esikolweni bekuba neminyanya kugotjelwe iflarha kubhinwe ingoma yesitjhaba. Mina nodadwethu omdala uDorothy bekuthi nakuneminyanya le kuthiwe asiyokuhlala eklasini. Ngamangala mina uTitjherami sekangihlazisa angibiza ngetjhatjha. Nakuphuma isikolo abanye babantwana engifunda nabo eklasini bangihlasela, bangidula bangibhudabhuda. Lokho-ke bekukuqinisa ukukholwa kwami bona ‘ngilalele uZimu kunabantu.’—IzE. 5:29.
NgoJulayi 1942, ngineminyaka elitjhumi nanye, ngabhajadiselwa etankeni eplasini. Bengikuthanda ukuba liphayona lesigiyani, ngitjhumayela nangebhreyikhi. Bengikhamba nabanye abazalwana abathathu sitjhumayela ebantwini abahlala esimini esingakayabelwa esetlhagwini ye-Ontario.
Kwathi ngoMeyi 1949 ngaba liphayona lesikhathi esizeleko. Kwaba nomsebenzi wokwakha egatjeni lethu, ngase ngibizwa bona ngibe lilunga leBethel yeCanada ukuthoma ngomhlaka-1 Disemba. Nangifikako ngabelwa bona ngiyokusebenza ngomtjhini wokugadangisa i-flatbed press. Ngasebenza khona ebusuku emvekeni ezimbadlwana, ngigadangisa iphetjhana elikhuluma ngokutlhoriswa kwabantu bakaZimu eCanada.
Sakhamba isikhathi, ngasebenza emNyangweni weKonzo, kwaba nesikhathi lapha ngikhulumisana khona namaphayona avakatjhileko abuya eQuebec endaweni edume ngokutlhoriswa kwaboFakazi. Omunye wabo bekunguMary Zazula ohlala e-Edmonton, ese-Alberta. Yena nomfowabo uJoe baqothwa babelethi babo ebebasonda esondweni i-Orthodox, kubangwa indaba yokufunda iBhayibheli naboFakazi. Kwathi ngoJuni 1951 babhajadiswa bobabili, ngemva kweenyanga ezisithandathu bathoma ukuphayona. Phakathi nekulumiswanethu, ngakarwa yindlela uMary athanda ngayo uZimu. Ngazitjela ehliziywenami ngathi, ‘Nanyana kungenzekani kodwana lo yena mkhamanzami.’ Satjhada-ke ngemva kweenyanga ezilithoba ngomhlaka-30 Janabari 1954. Ngemva kweveke kwaphela sitjhadile, nakho-ke sesibizwa, kuthiwe asikhambe siyokubandulelwa ukuba mbonisi wesigodi. Sasebenza iminyaka emibili yoke esigodini esisetlhagwini ye-Ontario.
Njengombana umsebenzi wokutjhumayela uthuthuka nje, besekufuneka iinthunywa zevangeli, basibiza ngobunjalo-ke. Sazitjela ukuthi nasikghona ukukghodlhelelela ubusika beCanada ubunegabhogo ekghadzisa umongo, nabonompopoloza ehlobo abavala iindlebezi, singabhalelwa njani ukukghodlhelelela ubujamo benarha esabelwe kiyo. Sathola iziqu eklasini lama-27 lesiKolo seGiliyadi ngoJulayi 1956, kwathi ngoNovemba sabelwa ukuyokutjhumayela eBrazil.
UKUBA SITHUNYWA SEVANGELI EBRAZIL
Nasifika egatjeni leBrazil, safunda isiPutukezi. Ngemva kokufunda ukulotjhisa nokukhulumela umagazini umzuzu munye, kwathiwa sesingaphuma siye esimini. Umuntu nakafuna ukwazi okunabileko, besifunda umtlolo okhuluma ngalokho okuzokwenzeka nakubusa uZimu. Ngelanga lethu lokuthoma esimini, omunye umma wangilalela ngamfundela isAmbulo 21:3, 4, nakuya sengiyatha! Kuyatjho bona bengingakakujayeli ukutjhisa, begodu bekusazokuthatha isikhathi.
Isabelo sethu besisedorobheni leCampos, sikhuluma nje sekunamabandla ali-15. Nasifikako, bekunesiqhema sinye edorobhenelo, kunabodade abane abaziinthunywa zevangeli: U-Esther Tracy, uRamona Bauer, uLuiza Schwarz, noLorraine Brookes (owende kwaWallen). Isabelo sami sala besihlala khona bekukuhlanza iimpahla nokuthenga iinkuni zokupheka. Ngelinye ilanga ngomvulo ngemva kwesiFundo sesiThala, kwafika isivakatjhi singakasilindeli. Kwathi umkami asazilalele kamnandi esofeni, kwangena inyoka. Sahlangahlangana ngendlini, bengagcina ngiyibulele!
Ngemva komnyaka sifunde isiPutukezi, ngaba mbonisi wesifunda. Ipilo yemakhaya injalo, niphila ngalokho eninakho igezi ayikho, silala emadini, sikhamba ngepera nangesithuthuthu. Nasitjhumayela esimini esingakayabelwa besikhamba ngesitimela siye endaweni leyo eseentabeni, sifike siqatjhe indawo yokufihla ihloko. Igatja lakhe lathumela abomagazini abama-800 abakhanjiswako. Bekufuze sibuyele kanengi eposweni siyobalanda sibase lapha sihlala khona.
Ngo-1962 saya esiKolweni seKonzo somBuso ebesiseBrazil sabazalwana nabodade abaziinthunywa zevangeli. Iinyanga ezisithandathu zoke bekufuze ngizikhambe zoke iinkolwezi ngaphandle komkami. Ngafundisa amaklasi eManaus, eBelém, eFortaleza, eRecife neSalvador. Ngahlela umhlangano omkhulu endaweni okuculelwa kiyo i-opera. Kwana izulu elikhulu lasilaphaza amanzi wokusela, lanethela nendaweni okuphekelwa kiyo emhlanganweni yazala amanzi. (Emihleni leyo, ukudla bekusaphekwa emhlanganweni.) Ngathintana nabomnyango wezamajoni, ngibo-ke abasisiza ngamanzi wokusela emhlanganweni, bathumela namajoni bona akhe amatende amabili esizokuphekela ngakiwo.
Nangikhambileko, uMary wasala atjhumayela esimini yamabhizinisi ngesiPutukezi, endaweni okugaywa kiyo imali. Khenge atjhumayeze muntu mhlokho. Nakacoca namalunga weBethel bekavame ukuthi, “Indawo yokugcina engingahlala kiyo ephasini kusePortugal.” Waswaba kabuhlungu! Kwathi kungakayi nokuyaphi, sathola isabelo sokuthi siyokutjhumayela ePortugal. Ngesikhatheso, umsebenzi waboFakazi bewukhandelwe enarheni leyo, kodwana sasamukela isabelo sethu nanyana uMary bekathukiwe nje.
UKUTJHUMAYELA KWETHU EPORTUGAL
Safikela eLisbon esePortugal ngo-Arhostesi 1964. Ihlangano yamaPholisa eyifihlo (i-PIDE) ngiyo-ke ebeyitlhorisa abafowethu ePortugal. Bekumbono omuhle bona nasifikako aboFakazi bangasamukeli, begodu singathintani nabo. Safika sahlala ehostela njengombana sisalindele ukuthi basinikele imvume yokuqatjha indawo yokuhlala. Kwathi bona sithole ama-visa sayithola. NgoJanabari 1965, sathintana negatja lalapho. Sathaba kangangani ukuya esifundweni ngemva kweenyanga ezihlanu.
Satjelwa bona amapholisa ahlala abalele nje abazalwana, abafikela nemizinabo. Ngombana iWolo lomBuso belivaliwe, imihlangano besiyibambela emizini yabazalwana. Amakhulu waboFakazi agcina sele asiwa esitetjhini samapholisa bona ayokuphekwa ngemibuzo. Abazalwana bebatlhoriswa, kuthiwe abaveze amagama walabo abaraga imihlangano. Kusukela mhlokho, abazalwana bathoma ukubizana ngamabizwabo, njengaboJosé naboPaulo, bebangabizani ngeembongo zabo. Nathi senza njalo.
Ukwakha ukukholwa kwabazalwana bekumgomethu omkhulu. UMary bekabelwe ukuthayipha iinhloko zesiThala nokugadangisa nezinye iincwadi ngomtjhini we-mimeography.
NGAVIKELA IINDABA EZIMNANDI EKHOTHO
NgoJuni 1966 umlandu ebewungakaqedwa ukudenjwa wadenjwa godu eLisbon. Woke amalunga weBandla leFeijó ama-49 abekwa umlandu, bathi kubayini babambele umhlangano ongekho emthethweni emzini. Savele sabona ukuthi kufuze sikhohlwe ukuthi sizakhe siwuthumbe umlandu lo, kodwana godu besazi ukuthi lokhu kuzosinikela ithuba lokutjhumayela. Umjamelethu wekhotho njengombana bekalinga ukusivikela, waphetha ngokudzubhula amezwi kaGamaliyeli wangeenkhathi zabapostoli. (IzE. 5:33-39) Begodu indaba le yavela ngitjho nemaphephandabeni. Boke abafowethu nabodadwethu abama-49 babotjhwa kusukela emalangeni ama-45 kuya eenyangeni ezihlanu nesiqunto. Maye uthi umjamelethu loyo bekanesibindi na, begodu kuthabisa khulu ukwazi ukuthi ngaphambi kokuthi ahlongakale, wathoma ukufundelwa aya nesifundweni.
NgoDisemba 1966, nganikelwa umsebenzi wokuyokuba mbonisi wegatja. Lapho-ke isikhathi sami esinengi bengaphasi phezulu nemilandu. Senza koke esingakwenza ukuthi sitjengise iimphathimandla bona kubayini aboFakazi bakaJehova kufuze balotjhe uZimabo batjhapulukile. (Flp. 1:7) Nokho okuthabisako kukuthi ngomhlaka-18 Disemba 1974 nathi umthetho wasibonelela. Kwabe kweza umFowethu Nathan Knorr noFrederick Franz ebabevela emzimkhulu bazokuthaba nathi ngemva kokuthumba umlandu lo, phela lokhu bekuyiqopha mlando ebantwini bakaZimu bePortugal. Begodu kwaba nomhlangano omkhulu e-Oporto neLisbon, inani labantu seliloke belima-46 870.
UJehova wenza umsebenzi wokutjhumayela bona ufike nakwezinye iinhlengele lapho kukhulunywa khona isiPutukezi, kuhlanganise nesi-Azores, isiCape Verde, isiMadeira, isiSão Tomé nesiPríncipe. Njengombana ituthuko ingakazibeki phasi, ngo-1988 kwasikosa bona sikhiluse igatja. Bese kwathi ngomhlaka-23 Apreli kiwo wona umnyaka loyo, uMfoweth’ uMilton Henschel wathula ikulumo yokunikezela umakhiwo, abantu ebebalapho bebazii-45 522. Abafowethu nabodadwethu ekhe baba ziinthunywa zevangeli ePortugal, bebathabe khulu ukubona into efana nale yenzeka, phela le kwamambala bekuyiqopha mlandu.
SAFUNDA OKUNENGI KUBAFOWETHU NABODADWETHU ABATHEMBEKILEKO
Kiyo yoke iminyaka le, ukuba nabafowethu nabodadwethu kusifundise okunengi khulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngakhe ngasebenza noMfoweth’ uTheodore Jaracz sivakatjhela amagatja. Kwelinye igatja ebesilivakatjhele bekunomraro wakosodiye, begodu namalunga weKomiti yeGatja enza koke angakwenza ukulungisa umraro lo, kodwana kwaba ziinhlanga zimuka nommoya. Umfoweth’ uTheodore Jaracz wabaduduza wathi: “Kwanjesi akheniphe ummoya ocwengileko ithuba, udlale yawo indima.” Ematjhumini weminyaka adlulileko mina nonakwami uMary khesayokuvakatjha eBrooklyn. Mina-ke nabanye abafowethu kunye noMfoweth’ uTheodore Jaracz sahlala bekwaba lada. Bese kwathi nakuphela umhlangano ebesinawo, sambawa bona akhasitjele ukuthi kiyo yoke iminyaka-kazi le, angasikhuthaza athini. Wathi: “Into enginganikhuthaza ngayo ngile: “Ningathomi nihlukane nehlangano kaJehova ngitjho nanyana kungaba budisi kangangani. Nanyana ungayaphi uyephi angeze wayifumana ihlangano elalela umyalo kaJesu wokutjhumayela iindaba ezimnandi zomBuso kaZimu njenga le!”
Mina nonakwami sikuthabele khulu ukwenza umsebenzi lo. Asisayiphathi-ke yokukhamba sivakatjhela amagatja, nawo bewumnandi khulu umsebenzi lo. Ngombana usinikela amathuba wokuthokozela imisebenzi eyenziwa babantu bakaJehova, abancani nabakhulu. Yasipha nethuba lokubakhuthaza bona baragele phambili nokwenza imisebenzi kaJehova.
Nakuminyaka yona ayikazibeki phasi, seyikhambe khulu akhuzi na. Phela sikhuluma nje sobabili sinomkami siseminyakeni yama-80. Namagulo nawo ase aphethe asahlelana nomkami ngapha nangapha. (2 Kor. 12:9) Iinlingo esaqalana nazo zasisiza saqinisa ukukholwa kwethu godu zasisiza sazimisela khulu ukuhlala sithembekile kuZimu. Nasiqala woke umlandu wokuphila kwethu, sivumela phezulu ukuthi nakumumusa kaJehova wona siwubone kanengi khulu, begodu nangeendlela ezihlukahlukeneko. *
^ isig. 29 Siyatlhuwa ukutjho ukuthi kuthe kusalungiselwa bona isihlokwesi sigadangiswe, umfoweth’ uDouglas Guest wahlongakala ngomhlaka-25 Okatoba 2015. Nokho wahlongakala athembekile kuJehova.
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Nakuthoma uSeptemba, iHlelo lomHlangano wePilo nomSebenzi wobuKrestu lizokuba nomhlobo omutjha wetjumayelo esibonelo onesihloko esithi, “Fundisa Iqiniso.” Ihloswethu kufundisa iqiniso elisekelwe eBhayibhelini, sisebenzisa umbuzo nomtlolo.
Nasibona ukuthi unekareko, singamenza alulukele ingcocwethu nasibuyako ngokumtjhiyela incwadi, namkha simtjengise ividiyo eku-jw.org. Kufuze silinge ukubuyela ngemva kwamalangana ambalwa sivuselele ingcoco esicoce ngayo. Itjumayelo etja nezabelo zabafundi zizokusekelwa eenrhunyezweni zezahluko zencwadi ethi, Lisifundisani IBhayibheli? Zineminye imibuzo nemitlolo engasisiza nasibuyela emuntwini namkha nasiraga isifundo seBhayibheli.
Kunendlela yinye kwaphela etjhinga ekuphileni. (Mat 7:13, 14) Njengombana sikhuluma nabantu abaneenkolo namasiko ahlukahlukileko, kufuze sibeke iqiniso leBhayibheli ngendlela ezokukara umuntu ngamunye. (1Tm 2:4) Nasingakghona ukucoca ngamaphuzu ahlukahlukeneko aseBhayibhelini bese sithuthukisa ikghono ‘lokufundisa ilizwi leqiniso ngokutjhejisisa,’ ithabo lethu lizokwanda. Begodu sizokuphumelela ekufundiseni abanye iqiniso.—2Tm 2:15.
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Ngekhulu lokuthoma, isiqhema esincani, ‘abapostoli namadoda amadala’ zeJerusalema, bakhonza njengesihlopha esibusako, benzela loke ibandla lamaKrestu azesiweko iinqunto eziqakathekileko. (IZenzo 15:2) Nabenza iinqunto abavumelana ngazo, bekumphumela wekulumiswano wokuthi uthini uMtlolo nokulinda iinqophiso zomoya kaZimu. (IZenzo 15:
Sisetjenziswa nguZimu ukwenza intando yakhe. Abazalwana abazesiweko abakhonza eSihlopheni Esibusako banekareko edephileko eLizwini lakaZimu nelemuko elithe tjha endleleni yokudemba iindaba ezingokwenyama nezingokomoya. Bahlangana qobe veke ukucabangela iintlhogo zabazalwana ephasini mazombe. Njengekhulwini lokuthoma, banikela iinqophiso ezisekelwe eBhayibhilini kungaba ngeencwadi namkha ngababonisi abakhambako nabanye. Lokhu kwakha ubunye nokuzwana ebantwini bakaZimu. (IZenzo 16:
Siyasilalela isiqophiso somoya kaZimu. ISihlopha Esibusako sanamhlanjesi sithembele kuMbusi Wendawo yoke, uJehova, neHlokweni yebandla uJesu bona sifumane ilayelo. (1 Korinte 11:3; Efesu 5:
Bobani egade bakha isihlopha esibusako ngekhulu lokuthoma?
ISihlopha Esibusako namhlanjesi silifuna njani ilayelo lakaZimu?
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Awa, aboFakazi bakaJehova abasiyikolo eyingozi namkha elawula abantu ngokweqileko. Kunalokho, bamaKrestu begodu benza koke abangakwenza bona balandele isibonelo esabekwa nguJesu Krestu nokuthi benze ngokuvumelana neemfundiso zakhe.
Iyini i-cult?
Ibizo lesiyeni elithi “cult” litjho izinto ezinengi ebantwini abahlukahlukeneko. Nokho, cabanga nganasi imibono emibili evamileko emalungana nebizweli nokuthi kubayini ihlathululo yombono loyo ingasithinti thina.
Abanye bacabanga ukuthi i-cult yikolo etja enemikghwa enganasimilo. AboFakazi bakaJehova akhenge bathome phasi ikolo etja. Kunalokho, indlela yethu yokulotjha uZimu ilandela emtlhaleni ovulwe maKrestu wokuthoma, isibonelo neemfundiso zawo ezitlolwe eBhayibhelini. (2 Thimothi 3:16, 17) Sikholelwa nokobana imiTlolo eCwengileko iyihlahlandlela yakho koke okufuze kwenziwe nekulotjhwa uZimu.
Abanye bacabanga bona i-cult ilihlelo lekolo eliyingozi elinomdosi phambili omumuntu. AboFakazi bakaJehova abanaye umdosi phambili omumuntu wephasini. Kunalokho, banamathela ekambisweni eyabekwa nguJesu owathi: “Ninomdosi phambili munye, onguKrestu.”—Matewu 23:10; NW.
Kunokuthi babe yingozi, aboFakazi bakaJehova banekolo ezuzisa amalunga wayo nabanye emphakathini. Ngokwesibonelo, umsebenzi wethu usize abanengi bona bahlule imikghwa elimazako, nengokubhema iindakamizwa nokusela utjwala ngokweqileko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, siraga namaklasi afundisa abantu abanengi ukufunda nokutlola. Nakuvela ihlekele yemvelo sisikimela phezulu sihlangule abongazimbi. Sisebenza budisi bona sikhuthaze abantu ekwenzeni imisebenzi emihle.—Matewu 5:13-16.
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ISITHALA (ESIFUNDWA EBANDLENI) Septemba 2013
Umagazini lo uzokuveza ukuthi singazenza njani iinqunto ezihlakaniphileko, uqinise ubuhlobo bethu noJehova, usizuzise neenkhumbuzweni zakaJehova.
UJesu bekavame ukumadanisa. Funda bona ungakusebenzisa njani ukumadanisa usize abanye bafunde iqiniso leBhayibheli.
UJehova bekasolo asebenzisa iinkhumbuzo bona anqophise abantu bakhe. Kubayini kufuze sizithembe iinkhumbuzo zakaZimu namhlanjesi?
Siyakuthabela na ukulandela imiyalo kaJehova, namkha siziqala njengomthwalo ophula amahlombe Singakwakha njani ukuthembela kwethu eenkhumbuzweni zaJehova?
Kubayini woke amaKrestu kufuze akufune ukutjhugululwa? Ukutjhugululwokhu kubandakanya ini, begodu singakwenza njani ngendlela ephumelelako?
Singaqiniseka njani bona iinqunto esizenzako zivumelana nentando kaZimu? Khuyini okungasisiza sitjhejisise nesenza iinqunto?
Cabangela iindlela ezibunane ubuphayona obungaqinisa ngazo ubuhlobo bakho noJehova. Khuyini okungakusiza uragele phambili ekonzweni ezuzisako le?
Kubayini uJesu wasikhihla isililo ngaphambi kokuvuswa kwakaLazaru njengombana kulandisa uJwanisi 11:35?
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Igama lomndenazo elijayelekileko
Sponges
Igama lesayensi
Porifera
Ubukhulu
Ingakhula beyibe ngaphezu kwamamitha amahlanu.
Ikambiso Yokufanisa
Ubukhulu, isakhiwo kanye nemibalazo zihluka khulu. Ezinye zibumbeka njengetjhubhu, njengebhegere, ziberondo, zakheke njengomuthi nofana iboda elide elitofozelako. Zoke zinamaboda anencenye encani nofana ekulu evulekileko. Imibalazo ihluka ukusuka ko-orentji kanye nobovu ukuya konzima, ofipheleko kanye nozotho.
Ilwazi Elivamileko
Umkhakha wama-Porifera wakhiwe mihlobazo engaphezu kwe-15 000. Kuya ngemihlobazo, kodwana zakhiwe ngomtofo wokuhlamba, o-lime nofana orhanyazelako nekungizo ezigcina isakhiwo sayo. Iinhlutjhwana ezincani (flagellae) zikhamba ngemanzini ngaso, nekungikho lokho ekusizako ngokudla. Ikghona ukukhula ukwenzeka kabutjha ukusuka kokuncani. Ikhiqizeka ngokuthi ihlanganise imirabho nofana ngendlela ebizwa i-planktonic larvae.
Ukudla Kwazo
Ziphila ngokudla iququ nofana iintokana zezinto ezincani. Kesinye isikhathi ziba mhlobo odla inyama kwaphela – zidla iinlwanyana ezincani ezithayako zobukhulu obungaphasi kwemilimitha eyodwa.
Ukusabalala Kwazo
Zitholakala kiwo woke amalwandle womhlaba wobujamo bezinga elifuthumeleko kanye nelitjhisako.
Imihlobazo ejayelekileko
Cup sponge - Ircinia sp.
Greek sponge - Spongia sp.
Wall sponge - Spirastrella sp.
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Igama
Intwane (Felis caracal)
Ukuvela nokwakheka kwayo
Lo mhlobo omkhulu womndeni wabokatsu onombala obovu oqarhwe ngombala ozotho, ineendlebe ezide ezinzima ezinamarikiriki esiphethweni sazo, kuthi ngaphasi ibenamabala athanda ukufana nelamune kunye nemilenze emide. Inobuso obakheke kuhle begodu ifanelwa kuthathwa njengomhlobo wabokatsu omuhle khulu umhlaba woke. Yaziwa njengosiyazi naziza ekukhweleni umuthi begodu kulapho ivame ukuphephela khona, nayikhambako igadanga ngethando nangokukhombisa ukuzithemba. Kukhe kwabikwa eminye imihlobo yentwane enzima ngombala.
Ukudla nofana idayethi
Iphila khulu ngokuzuma ebusuku kodwana kesinye isikhathi isebenzisa isikhathi sokutjhinga kwelanga ukuzuma ukudla kwayo, ikhe ibonwe izuma emini khulukhulu nayizuma iinyoni. Nawuqala ubukhulu bayo ibonakala iyikhulu kulu, kodwana imsinya khulu nayisahlela imihlobohlobo yamakhondlo, iimbila, ama-squirells begodu injalo nje ikghona ukubulala inyamazana ekulu (iqina) i-Reedbuck kanye neempunzi. Intwane inekghono lokuthi ihlezi yeqele phezulu okungaba libanga elingaba mamithara abalelwa kamane ukya kamahlanu (4-5m) ngokusebenzisa umgogodhlayo olula nonamandla kunye namanye amalungu womzimbayo.
Ukukhulisa nokuzala
Emndenini weentwane azinaso isikhathi esisodwa lapho zijarhana bezizale khona, kodwana intwnane esikazi ivame ukujarhwa ziintwane eziduna ezingaba zintathu. Ikambiso yokumitha kwazo ingathatha amalanga amasumi alikhomba nobunane (78 days), bese zizale abokatswana abangaba munye ukuya kabasithandathu. Abokatswana bentwane bazuza ubudisa nofana ubukhulu bomzima obungalinganiselwa emagremuni amasumi amabili nanye (21 g) ilanga nelanga, nanyana ubudala nokuvuthwa kwazo kuba ngesikhathi zihlangaisa iinyanga ezilisumi nobunane ukuya kezilisumi nethoba, kodwana lokha nazihlanganisa iinyanga ezilisumi nambili zithoma ukuzijamela nokuzilawula.
Ukuziphatha
Intwane isilwani esikhamba khulu ngomnyama, ithanda ukuzifihla, imukhamba yodwa begodu inenturhu. Ngebanga lokuthi abalimi bayizuma njengesilwani esimraro, kunzima ukuyithola nokuyifanisa nofana ukuyibona eendaweni ezinengi.
Indawo yokuhlala/Isikhundla
Umhlobo lo kakatsu utholaka khulu endwaweni enotjani obomileko kunye nemahlathini, endaweni ewenileko, emphandeni zemadwaleni weentaba lapho yaziwa ngokuthi ihlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamithara aziinkulungwane ezintathu (3000 m). Njengabanye abokatsu abatholakala eendaweni ezomileko, ezingana zulu nalapho ekufana nerhalawumba lendawo, ikghona ukuhlala isikahthi eside khulu ingaseli amanzi kunalokho ikhetha ukususa ukomma ngamanzana ewathola eenlwanini ezibulalela ukuzidla.
Lapho zitholakala khona
Kuyezeka bona zitholakale kiwo woke amahlangothi weSewula Afrika, begodu zithanda iidawo ezivulekileko, emahlathini, eenkhothini, emadwaleni neentabeni.
Iimbalobalo e
Isilinganiso sobudisi (besikazi): 11 kg
Isilinganiso sobudisi (beduna): 15 kg
Isilinganiso sobude (besikazi): 109 cm
Isilinganiso sobude (beduna): 117 cm
Isikhathi sekambiso yokumitha: 117 cm
Isibalo samadzinyani/ sabokatswana: 2 - 4 (sometimes 5)
Umhlobo wazo: Carnivora (Zindla inyama kwaphela)
Umndenazo: Felidae (mndenabokatsu)
Ukukhulisa nokuzala
Zizala kabili ukuya emahlandleni amane, (kesinye isikhathi amahlandla amahlanu) abokatswana bazalwa phakathi kwenyanga kaSewula noNtaka, ngemva kwesikathi sokumitha esiziinyanga embili.
Ihlathulo ngemitlhalazo
Naziqathaniswa nalezo zemibala efana neyeengwe, imitlhala yentwane mikhulu inabile begodu ibonakala khulu emaphakathi wenyawo zayo.
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Ngeminyaka yabo-1700
Eyeziwa nqhono njengendawo lapha uNelson Mandela ahlala khona pheze iminyaka eyi-30 yepilwakhe, i-Robben Island isese nomlandu oragela phambili eSewula Africa. Yathoma yasetjenziswa njengelere yemvelo lapha imikhumbi gade istoka khona ama-seals wasmahla, kanye namaqanda wama-penguins. Kwathi lokha nziphelako, kwalethwa izimvu kanye nemiqasa. Ngeskhatheso, abatjhayeli bemikhumbi abenza ubulelesi, emkhunjini bebehliswa e-Island lapha bona bahlale khona bebafe.
Ishlengelesi, esikupheleleni kwe-Kapa, saba lijele lokuthoma lepolotiki ngeminyaka yabo-1700 lokha abaphikisani-bama-Muslim agade baphikisa umthetho wama-Dutch e-Indonesia babaletha ngomkhumbi kiyo. Ngesikhathi somgcele we Eastern Cape ngeminyaka yabo-1800, badosi phambili bamaXhosa, ekubalwa nejoni uMprofethi uMakana bathunyelwa khona makholoni we-Europe. Ngemva kwalokho kwaba yikoloni yabantu abaphethwe bulwelwe besilephero, begodu bayenza isbhedlela sabantu abagula ngokomkhumbulo, yaba yi-WWII fort ngaphambi kokobana ibelijele elimbi lepolotiki. Yapheze yaba yi-resort yokugembula kodwana ngetjhudu i-island le sele iyindawo yamasiko kanye neyokutlhogonyelwa kwemvelo.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe
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Ibizo
Ikonkoni ehlaza okwesibhakabhaka i-Blue Wildebeest nanyana eyaziwa ngeKonkoni enamadevu amhlophe i-White-bearded Wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus)
Ukwakheka Kwayo
Umzimbayo onombala otshetlha nosiliva unamatshwayo wamabhande anzima aqabe ikota engaphambili. Iinkonkoni ezinzima okwesibhakabhaka zibonakala ngeenhluthu ezide entanyeni neendevu ezilenga emphinjeni nentanyeni. Eziduna nezisikazi ziba neempondo ezigobeneko. Nawuqala iinkunzi ezidala iimpondo zazo zigobene ngamandla. Iinkunzi zakhona zikala amakhilogremu ama-250 kg ubude bazo bamahlombe mamitha ayi-1.5 m Iinkomo zincazana, zona ubude bazo mamitha ayi-1.4 m emahlombe bese zikala amakhilogremu ali-180 kg.
Ukukhulisa
Iinkonkoni ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziba khona kwezinye iinkhathi zomnyaka. Ukubelethwa kwamakonyana angalinye ikomo ngayinye kwenzeka ngesikhathi sehlobo ngemva kokumitha isikhathi esingangeenyanga ezilithoba. Amakonyana angakghona ukukhamba nomhlambi msinyazana nje ngemva kokuzalwa.
Ukuziphatha Kwayo
Ukunande zifuduka ngeenkhathi ezithileko zomnyaka kubonakale kuliqhinga elihle lokwenza bona zisinde elivumele ukusetjenziswa kuhle kwemithombo eendaweni ezikulu begodu kwehlisa ukusetjenziswa butjhuleni, ngeenkhathi zezulu nangeenkhathi zesomiso. Zona-ke zimhlobo odla inyama tle, zikhamba zimihlambi engaba lisumi ukuya eenkulungwaneni ezimbalwa ezikhamba zizodwa. Iinkunzi kuba ngizo ezigadako lokha umhlambi nawusahlezi phasi.
Lapha Zitholakala Khona
Zitholakala khulu eemfundeni zetlhagwini-pumalanga eSewula Afrika. Zona-ke azithathwa njengalezo ezisengozini yokutjhabalala, kodwana zitholakala khulu eendaweni ezivikelweko. Okhunye godu zitholakala khulu eenarheni ezisetlhagwini ye-Sewula Afrika. Inengi lazo liyehla ngokwenani ngesimanga sokukantjelwa, okwenza bona zibhalelwe kukhamba ngendlela ezithanda ngayo njengakade.
Amanothi
Kunemihlobo engaphasi eyaziwako emihlanu yeenkonkoni ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka e-Afrika:
Connochaetes taurinus taurinus – Ikonkoni ehlaza okwesibhakabhaka nanyana i-bridled gnu
Connochaetes taurinus albojubatus – NgeyePumalanga eyikonkoni enamadevu amhlophe
Connochaetes taurinus cooksoni – Ikonkoni ebizwa ngokuthiwa yi-Cookson's wildebeest
Connochaetes taurinus johnstoni –Ikonkoni ye-Nyassaland
Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi – Ikonkoni yeTjingalanga enamadevu amhlophe
Umbala womzimbayo omlotha okurhanyazelako utshwayeke ngemida ebonakala ihlalelene emahlombe nemkhonweni. Iinkokoni ezihlaza zaziwa ngomdlengo onzima, omude kanye neenhluthu nofana...more
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Umrholi Othandwa Khulu
UMandela bekamdosi phambili othandwa khulu, begodu ngokuya ngerhubhululo elinziwa ngenyanga kaMrhayili wonyaka we-2007 yikampani ebizwa nge-Markinor research company bekuya ngokuya athandwa khulu lokha nakaluphalako. Ngelanga lakhe lokubelethwa lokha ahlanganisa iminyaka ema-89 yobudala, erhubhululweni elenziwako abantu abazi-3 500 abajamele abantu abadala beSewula Africa, uNelson Mandela waphiwa amaphuzu ali-9.2 kuphezu kali-10 , okwamenza abemdosi phambili wenarha othandwa khulu.
Kodwana lokha nakasesiqongolweni sokuthandwa khulu, yena ne-Nelson Mandela‘s Children Foundation babamajadu balinga ukutjhugulula – itshwayo lakhe ebegade asele aziwa ngalo ku-Nelson Mandela Foundation nabakwenza ngendlela ezange abanye abantu bayithande. I-Foundation le, yabawa bonyana umphakathi uveze amazizo wawo ukobanyana bangakwenza njani lokhu.
Umnqopho Wokungakajayeleki
Abantu abasebenza ku-Foundation kaMandela le beza nombono wokususa isithombe sobuso bakaMandela emgadangisweni we-Foundation le, basijamiselele ngesthombe sesandla sakhe sangesinceleni lapha idzilanwana yakhe yomshado ibonakala khona asilulile.
Nanyana bekubonakala bonyana ijimeli, balenza ngomnqopho wokugidinga uMandela, kodwana ibanga lokobana benze lokhu belingazwakali. Umbikindaba welinye lamaphephandaba u-William Saundersson-Meyer waphendula wakhombisa ukurareka begodu bekalinga ukuzwisisa umncopho wento ayibiza ngokobanyana into engakajayeleki.
U-Saunderson-Meyer Wabeka umbono:
Ihloso ye-Foundation le yokutjhugulula isithombe sakaMandela lesi ayizwakali kuhle.Umuntu oqakatheke njengoMandela nje akafani ne-Rorschach inkblot test, nekuyinto lapha ofunda khona nanyana yini okwenzeka bonyana uzizwe ngakhona ngomzuzu loyo. Amatshwayo amahle ngangatjhugulukiko , anqophileko bonyana afuna ukuthini, aqakathekileko, nanomnqopho.UMandela ngokwakhe ukuzwisisa kuhle lokho, ngombana kwabakungenelela kwakhe okubalulekileko okwasindisa ama-Springbok itshwayo elineminyaka eyi-100 yobudala leSewula Africa, lakamakhakhulwa ararhwe, lokha ihlangano ye-African National Congress ithatha iintambo ngomnyaka ka-1994.
Kubudisi ukwazi bonyana kubayini i-Foundation ifuna ukuphazamisa ipumelelo yejima likaMandela leli. Mhlambe uSomnini no-Muhammad badinga imaraka ehlakaniphileko, imakethe idinga ukubekwa kuhle, ukuthola isekelo lapho kumasikizi khona, umhlaba otjhuguluka njalo. Kodwana kuyadingeka lokho kuMandela?
Le begade kuyindoda ebegade ihlonutjhwa liphasi loke begodu waphakanyiselwa ebujameni bokuba ngolungileko wokuthoma emhlabeni. I-United States branding survey eminyakeni eembalwa eyadlulako yathathela itshwayo lerhwebo likaMandela njengelesibili elilama le-Coca-Cola kezeentjhabatjhaba. I-Coca-Cola isebenzisa iingidigidi ukwakha nokuvikela itshwayo layo lerhwebo. UMandela yena ulakha ngokukhambakhamba abe nguye.
Translated by Johannes Nkosinathi
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Le kuyingubo yeenkhali ekhamba yodwa kizo zoke eemfundeni zeSewula Afrika erhabiswe ngemibala etholakala eflegeni yenarha, eyathoma ukusetjenziswa mhla kuzi-27 kuSihlabantangana 1994. Isifunda seNorth West savuselelwa ngobutjha ngemva kobana izabelo ezizijameleko zakade zahlanganiswa zabuyiselwa kwiSewula Afrika ngemva kwamakhetho wentando yenengi ngonyaka ka-1994.
Ingubo yeenkhali yesifunda seNorth West inombala ohlaza satjani ngaphasi onesiqubulo esithi- KAGISO LE TSWELELOPELE esitjho bona UKUTHULA NOKURAGELA PHAMBILI.
Ngaphezulu kwengaphasi elinombala ohlaza satjani kunesiviko esinerhabha phakathi kwendawo. Isivikwesi sihlukaniswe ngenqhemana ezibovu ngaphezulu nangaphasi, esihlaza njengesibhakabhaka ngesandleni sokudla nesesincele, phakathi nendawo sibe nombala ohlaza satjani odwebelwe ngombala omhlophe emaqadi. Irhabha litjengisa isiko lamaTswana umhlaba wabo egade ungaphasi kwendawo yeBophuthatswana neNorth West.
Ingubo yeenkhali isekelwe maqina amabili emahlangothini womabili. Phezulu kwesiviko kunomqhele osiliva ngombala onethuthumbo likajikanelanga elihleli phezulu kwamaphondo asiliva wekomo yomango. Ithuthumbo likajikanelanga litjengisa ukulima okwenziwa ngesifundenesi, lapho amathuthumbo kajikanelanga atjalwa khona khulu. Libuye godu liveze ilanga elitlhogekako ekukhiqizeni iintjalo.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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UNelson Mandela ukhuluma newoma labomma lokha nabatjhagala baya e- Union Buildings ePitori batjhagalela umthetho wokuphathwa kwamapasa.Umthetho lo bewukatelela boke abahlali be- Sewula Africa abaneminyaka edlula eyi-16, kobana baphathe iimbhugwana zabo ezimapasa. Nawubhalelwa kwenza njalo bewubotjhwa ugwetjwe namkha uhlawuliswe.
Ngaphambi kweminyaka yabo - 1950, amadoda webala elinzima bekufanele bona aphathe amapasa nakaya emadorobheni, kodwana amapasa lawo bekanikelwa kwaphela abantu abangathola umsebenzi edorobheni. Lokho bekwenza bona urhulumende webandlululo akgone ukulawula inani lamadoda anzima angena edorobheni. Nangabe bathola umuntu angakaliphathi ipaselo, bebamubopha namtjhana bamhlawulise. Umthetho lo wamapasa bekungomunye ohloywe khulu kweminye yemithetho yebandlululo. Ngonyaka ka-1952, urhulumende wenza umthetho wokobana nabafazi babantu abanzima nabo baphathe amapasa kodwana zange bawuvume umthetho loyo.
Ngezi 9, zakaRhoboyi ngonyaka ka-1952, abafazi abadlula 20 000 batjhagala baya eUnion Buildings Epitori, bayokutjhagalela imithetho yamapasa. Abafazi bawowoke umhlobo, namasiko bahlangana bayokutjhagalela amalungelwabo, namalungelo wabantu bebala. UNeslon Mandela wahlangana newomeli ebeliyincenye yomtjhagalo lo, wayokukhulumisana nabo, begodu ayobatjengisa isekelo. Emtjhagalweni lo, isitjho esidumileko satlanywa “Wathinta abafazi, wathinta imbokodo!”
“Lokha umtlhago uragela phambili, ayikho ikululeko yamambala." ~ Nelson Mandela
Umvumi we-pop weSewula Africa uBrenda Fassie othintekileko emoyeni, usingatha uMandela....more
UNelson Mandela wabuyela emzinakhe eOrlando eSoweto ngemva kokobana bamkhiphe ngentrogweni ngonyaka ka-1990. UMandela wakhulela e-no- 8115 Vilakazi Street esele iphendulwe i-museum....more
UMandela bekathandwa balandeli bakhe, begodu iliphawu lekululeko labo boke abantu. Udlala abonwa njengoZimu eSewula Africa, bekabonwa njengesika yamandla, neyethemba...more
Ngonyaka ka-1991, uNelson Mandela wathola unongorwana wokumhlonipha eJwanibhege e-Univesithi ye-Witwatersrand ngokuzinikela kwakhe enarheni le, nokuba mdosiphambili oyikakaramba okhe wabonwa eSewula Africa....more
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ISITHALA (ESIFUNDWA EBANDLENI) Julayi 2017
IsiThalesi sineenhloko ezizokufundwa kusukela ngo-Arhostesi 28 kufikela ngoSeptemba 24 2017.
Ngo-2014, ijima elikhethekileko lokutjhumayela beliseTurkey. Lenzelwani ijimeli? Yaba yini imiphumela?
Singawusebenzisa njani umnothwethu bona sakhe ubuhlobo bethu noJehova?
Umuntu oseenhlungwini angayitholaphi induduzo ngemva kokuhlongakalelwa mumuntu amthandako? Yini ongayenza bona usize?
irhubo 147 lisikhumbuza ngeenzathu ezinengi esinazo zokuthokoza uMdali.
Abantu abatjha kufuze baqunte bona bazokwenzani ngamaphilwabo. Iye, lokho kungathusa ngesinye isikhathi, kodwana uJehova uzobabusisa labo abafuna isinqophiso sakhe.
USathana irera amano wokusizwisa ubuhlungu. Singawabelekela njani amano kaSathana?
Kurerhe na ukuthi umKrestu abe nesigidi ngehloso yokuzivikela ebantwini?
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Ngemva kokuqotjhwa esimini ye-Edeni, u-Adamu no-Eva baba nabantwana abanengi. Indodanabo yokuthoma bekunguKhayini, umlimi, bese yesibili kungu-Abela, owaba ngumelusi.
Ngelinye ilanga uKhayini no-Abela benzela uJehova umnikelo. Uyazi bona uyini umnikelo? Sisipho esikhethekileko. UJehova wawuthanda umnikelo ka-Abela, kodwana azange awuthande kaKhayini. Lokho kwamsilinga khulu uKhayini. UJehova wayelelisa uKhayini ngokuthi ilaka lakhe lizomenzisa into embi. Kodwana uKhayini azange alalele.
Kunokobana alalele, uKhayini wathi ku-Abela: ‘Iza siye ngemmangweni.’ Kwathi nababodwa emmangwenapho, uKhayini wahlasela umnakwabo wambulala. Bekazokwenzani uJehova ngalokho? UJehova wajezisa uKhayini, wathi ayokuhlala kude nomndeni wekhabo. Bekangekhe asavunyelwa ukuthi abuye.
Sifundani thina endabeni le? Nathi singathoma ukusilingeka izinto nazingenzeki ngendlela esifuna ngayo. Kodwana nasizwa ilaka likhula ngaphakathi kwethu—namkha nangabe abanye bayabona ukuthi sisilingekile bese bayasikhalima, kufuze sirhabe silungise besilawule namazizo wethu ngaphambi kobana amazizo lawo asilawule.
Ngebanga lokuthi u-Abela bekamthanda uJehova, enza nokulungileko kuye, uJehova uzokuhlale amkhumbula. UZimu uzomvusa u-Abela mhla enza iphaseli libe yiPharadesi.
“[Khamba] khonokho uyokubuyisana [nomfowenu] bese uyabuya-ke uzokunikela umnikelwakho.”—Matewu 5:24
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IzAga isahluko 31 zinamezwi aqakatheke khulu iKosi uLemuweli eyawatjelwa ngunina. Isiluleko sakamma lo esihlakaniphilekwesi besifundisa indodanakhe bona umfazi okhutheleko ngonjani.
Umfazi okhutheleko uthembekile
31:10-12
Uveza imibono emihle ngeendaba zomndeni, kodwana uyiveza ngokuzithoba
Indodakwakhe iyamthemba bona uzokuthatha iinqunto ezihlakaniphileko, begodu ayimkateleli bona azokubawa imvume ngakho koke akwenzako
Umfazi okhutheleko usebenza budisi
31:13-27
Uyisebenzisa kuhle imali begodu waneliswa ngilokho anakho, bese umndenakhe umbathe kuhle, uqaleke, aqiniseke nokuthi umndenakhe udla kuhle
Ukhuthele begodu utjheja koke okwenzeka ngakwakhe imini nobusuku
Umfazi okhutheleko unokukholwa okuqinileko
31:30
Uyamesaba uZimu begodu wenza koke bona athuthukise ubuhlobo bakhe noZimu
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“UZimu wokuthula . . . sengathi anganiphelelisa ngakho koke okuhle ukuze nenze intando yakhe.”
IINGOMA: 136, 14
1. Umsebenzi wokutjhumayela bewuqakatheke kangangani kuJesu? Hlathulula.
UJESU bekakuthanda khulu ukukhuluma ngomBuso kaZimu. Ngesikhathi asesesephasini beyingekho enye into ebekakhuluma ngayo ngaphandle komBuso. Wakhuluma ngomBuso ngaphezu kweenkhathi eziyi-100 phakathi nekonzwakhe yokutjhumayela. Phela umBuso bewuqakatheke khulu kuJesu.
2. Bangakhi abebalalele umyalo okuMatewu 28:19, 20, begodu kubayini sitjho njalo?
2 Kwathi ngemva kokuvuswa kwakhe uJesu, wahlangana nesiqhema sabafundi abangaphezu kwabayi-500. (1 Korinte 15:6) Mhlamunye kungesikhatheso uJesu akhuluma ngokutjhumayela “ebantwini boke nanyana kukuphi.” Umberego lo wona bewungeze wabalula. * (Qala ikwekwezi engenzasi.) Wabatjela nokuthi umsebenzi wokutjhumayela bewusese nendima ede ebekufuze uyirage, bekube “sekupheleni kwesikhathi.” Yeke, nawutjhumayela iindaba ezimnandi namhlanjesi usiza ekutheni kuzaliseke isiphorofidweso.
3. Ngiziphi izinto ezintathu ezisisize satjhumayela iindaba ezimnandi?
3 Ngemva kokuthi uJesu abanikele umyalo loyo, wathi: “Ngambala nginani.” (Matewu 28:20) Wathembisa abalandeli bakhe nokuthi bekunguye ozokunqophisa umsebenzi lo begodu bekazobasiza batjhumayele ephasini mazombe. Ngapha noJehova naye unathi. Usiphe “koke okuhle” ukusisiza sitjhumayele. (Hebheru 13:20, 21) Esihlokwenesi sizokukhuluma ngamathulusi amathathu amahle khulu: (1) amathulusi esinikelwe wona, (2) iindlela esizisebenzisileko (3) ibandulo esilifumeneko. Kokuthoma, akhesiqalelele amanye wamathulusi ebesiwasebenzisa phakathi neminyaka eyi-100 eyadlulako.
AMATHULUSI ASIZA IINCEKU ZAKAZIMU UKUTHI ZIKWAZI UKUTJHUMAYELA
4. Ukuba namathulusi amanengi kangaka emsebenzini wokutjhumayela kusisize ngani?
4 UJesu wamadanisa umBuso nembewu ehlwanyelwa ehlabathini ehlukahlukeneko. (Matewu 13:18, 19) Umtjali nakalungiselela ihlabathi, kufuze asebenzise amathulusi ahlukahlukeneko. Ngendlela efanako-ke, iKosethu isinikele amathulusi esingawasebenzisela ekusizeni abantu bamukele umlayezwethu. Amanye-ke amathulusi abe lisizo isikhatjhana, kwathi amanye wawo sole asasetjenziswa bekube kunamhlanjesi. Kodwana woke amathulusi la asisize sakwazi ukuthuthukisa amakghonwenethu wokutjhumayela.
Amakarada wokutjhumayela asiza inengi labantu bona lithome ukutjhumayela
5. Ikarada lokutjhumayela beliyinto enjani, begodu belisetjenziswa njani?
5 Ngo-1933, abatjhumayeli bathoma ukusebenzisa amakarada wokutjhumayela, okulithulusi elasiza abantu abanengi nabathoma ukutjhumayela. Bekulikaradana elincani elinomlayezo olula weBhayibheli. Bekuthi nangabe ikaradelo litjha nomlayezwalo nawo bewubamutjha. UMzalwana uErlenmeyer, bekaneminyaka elitjhumi nakathoma ukusebenzisa ikaradali kokuthoma. Uthi: “Isingeniso salo besithi, ‘Angeze na wakuthabela ukufunda ikaradeli?’ Ngemva kokuthi umninimuzi sekalifundile, besimnikela incwadi besilayelise.”
6. Ikaradeli lidlale indima engangani?
6 Ikarada lokutjhumayeleli lisize abatjhumayeli ngeendlela ezinengi khulu. Nasi isibonelo, abanye abatjhumayeli bebaneenhloni, ngitjho nanyana bebafuna ukutjhumayela kodwana bebangazi ukuthi bathini. Bese-ke abanye abatjhumayeli bebanesibindi tle. Bebafese batjele umninimuzi yoke into abayaziko ngemizuzwana, kodwana ngasikhathi, ebebakutjhoko bekungezwakali kuhle. Yeke ikarada lokutjhumayeleli labasiza abatjhumayeli bakghona ukukhuluma umlayezo ozwakalako nolula.
7. Ukusebenzisa ikaradeli bekunaziphi iintjhijilo?
7 Iintjhijilo zona bezikhona. Udade Grace Estep uthi: “Kesinye isikhathi bebasibuza ukuthi lithini ikaradeli? Ningakghona na ukungihlathululela ngalo?’” Abanye abaninimuzi bebangakghoni ukufunda okusekaradeneli. Abanye bebamane bathathe ikarada bese bavale umnyango. Bakhona ebebangafuni nokuwuzwa umlayezwethu, bebathatha ikaradelo balidabule iintokana. Naphezu kweentjhijilwezo, ikarada lokutjhumayeleli labasiza bakwazi ukutjhumayela kibomakhelwana babo bebaziwa nangokuthi babatjhumayeli bomBuso.
8. Umtjhini wegrenefomu bewusetjenziswa njani? (Qala isithombe esisekuthomeni.)
8 Elinye ithulusi elathoma ukusetjenziswa ngemva kwaka-1930 yigrenefomu. Abanye aboFakazi bebalibiza ngokuthi ngu-Aroni, ngoba umtjhini lo bowubakhulumela. (Funda u-Eksodusi 4:14-16.) Bekuthi nangabe umninimuzi uyavuma ukulalela, umtjhumayeli bekazomdlalela ikulumo yeBhayibheli bese-ke amnikele nencwadi. Ngasikhathi bekuhlangana umndeni ndawonye ulalele ikulumo! Kwathi ngabo-1934 ihlangano ye-Watch Tower yathoma ukwenza amagrenefomu amancazana alungele ukusetjenziswa esimini. Abazalwana babe bagadangisa iinkulumo ezihlukahlukeneko eziyi-92.
9. Igrenefomu yona yadlala indima engangani?
9 UHillary Goslin uthi, nakezwa enye yeenkulumwezi, waboleka igrenefomu iveke yoke wayokulalela nabomakhelwana bakhe umlayezo weBhayibheli. Umphumelakhona waba muhle kangangani, idlazana labantwabo lazithabela iindabezimnandezo labe labhajadiswa. Kwathi kusese njalo amadodakazi kaMzalwana uGoslin amabili aya esiKolweni seGiliyadi aba ziinthunywa zevangeli. Igrenefomu nayo yasiza abatjhumayeli abanengi khulu bakghona ukutjhumayela njengekarajanela lokutjhumayela. Iminyaka yakhamba njalo, kwathonywa isiKolo seKonzo esingokweZulwini, lapho-ke iKosi yafundisa abantu bayo indlela yokuba bafundisi abaphumelelako.
UKWENZA KOKE ESINGAKWENZA UKUTHI SIFIKELELE ABANTU
10, 11. Amaphephandaba nomrhatjho kwasetjenziswa njani ukuthi kutjhunyayelwe iindaba eziimnandi, begodu khuyini ebeyenza iindlelezo ziphumelele?
10 Isinqophiso esivela elawulweni leKosethu, abantu bakaZimu bebasebenzisa iindlela ezihlukahlukeneko ukuthi bafikelele abantu abanengi ngendlela abangakghona ngayo emsebenzini wokutjhumayela. Iindlelezo beziqakathekile, khulukhulu lokha iinsebenzi zisese yimbijana. (Funda uMatewu 9:37.) Ngokwesibonelo, eminyakeni eminengi eyadlulako Kwakhe kwasetjenziswa nephephandaba ukutjhumayela iindaba ezimnandi. Bekuthi qobe veke uMzalwana uRussell athumele ikulumo ehlanganweni yamaphephandaba. Bese-ke, bathathe ikulumo leyo bayithumele nakezinye iinhlangano zamaphephandaba eziseCanada, e-Europe, ne-United States. Ngo-1913 iinkulumo zaka Mzalwana uRussell besele zigadangiswe emaphephandabeni ayi-2 000, lokho bekwenza ukuthi zifundwe babantu abayi-15 000 000!
Amaphephandaba nomrhatjho kwaphadlhalaja iindaba ezimnandi ebantwini abanengi abahlala lapho kunabatjhumayeli abambalwa khona
11 Umrhatjho nawo wasetjenziswa ngendlela ehle khulu, ukutjhumayela iindaba ezimnandi. Ngo-Apreli 16, 1922, uMzalwana uRutherford wabeka ikulumakhe yokuthoma emrhatjhweni, ikulumo leyo yalalelwa babantu abayi-50 000. Sabe sazifumanela wethu umrhatjho obizwa nge-WBBR kwathonywa ukurhatjhelwa kiwo ngo-Febherbari 24, 1924. IsiThala sakaDisemba 1, 1924 sathi: “Sikholelwa ukuthi umrhatjho kuphela kwendlela engabizi khulu begodu uyindlela elula engakwazi ukurhatjha umlayezo womBuso esingayisebenzisa kwanje.” Umrhatjho nawo wadlala yawo indima njengephephandaba ekufikeleleni abantu neendaweni lapho bekunabatjhumayeli abambalwa khona.
12. (a) Ngiwuphi umhlobo wokutjhumayela tjhatjhalazi owuthanda khulu? (b) Khuyini engasisiza sehlule ukwesaba okungasifikela nasitjhumayela tjhatjhalazi?
12 Ukutjhumayela tjhatjhalazi kungenye yeendlela eziphumelelako ekufikeleleni abantu namhlanjesi. Kwenziwe imizamo yokuthi kutjhunyayezwe abantu lapho kukhwelelwa khona iimbhesi, lapho kukhwelelwa khona iintimela, lapho kuphagwa iinkoloyi, ema-ofisini neentolo. Kghani ukutjhumayela tjhatjhalazi kukufaka amanzi emadolweni? Nangabe kunjalo, kuthandazele lokho bewucabangele nalokho okwatjhiwo nguMzalwana uManera omjikelezi, wathi: “Zoke izinto ezitjha esizisebenzisela ukutjhumayela siziqala njengokuthi, ziingcenye zokulotjha uJehova. Sibuye siziqale ngokuthi ziindlela zokutjengisa ukuthembeka kwethu kuye, zibuye zizizinye nokuthi silalela kangangani beziveze nokuthi sizimisele khulu ukumlotjha ngananyana ngiyiphi indlela angasibawa ukuthi siyenze.” Nakhe sehlula ivalo bese sisebenzise iindlela ezitjezi nasitjhumayelako, sisuke siqinisa ukuthembela kwethu kuJehova, lokho-ke kusenza abatjhumayeli abancono.
13. Khuyini eyenze izinzolwazethu yaba yinto ephumelelako ekutjhumayeleni, begodu wena ufumeneni nawuyisebenzisako?
13 Abatjhumayeli abanengi bayakuthanda ukutjela abantu ngeZinzolwazi yethu i-jw.org, lapho bangazifundela bebadawnilode neencwadi ezisekelwe eBhayibhelini ezifumaneka ngeenlimi ezingaphezu kweziyi-700. Qobe langa, abantu abangaphezu kwabayi-1.6 miliyoni bavakatjhela izinzolwazethu. Ekadeni umrhatjho wafikelela abantu ngomlayezo weendaba ezimnandi ngitjho neendaweni ezikhetheke zaba zodwa. Nanamhlanje, izinzolwazethu isenza soneso.
UKUBANDULA ABATJHUMAYELI BEENDABA EZIMNANDI
14. Yifundo bani ebeyitlhogwa batjhumayeli, begodu ngisiphi isikolo esabasiza bathuthuka ekufundiseni kwabo?
14 Amathulusi neendlela ekhesakhuluma ngazweza zaphumelela khulu. Kodwana ngeenkhathi zekadenezo abatjhumayelako bekusafuze babandulelwe ukutjhumayela. Ngokwesibonelo, abaninimizi bebangavumelani nalokho ebebakuzwa kugrenefomu ngezinye iinkhathi. Ngezinye iinkhathi otjhunyayezwako bewumkara umlayezo awuzwako, afune nokwazi okunengi. Abatjhumayeli bekufuze bakwazi ukuthi bazozigaduga njani iinqabo, nokuthi bangathuthuka njani ekufundiseni kwabo. Ngikho-ke umoya ocwengileko kaZimu wasiza uMzalwana uKnorr walemuka bona abatjhumayelako kufuze bakwazi ukukhuluma. Yeke, kusukela ngekuthomeni kwaka-1943, amabandla athoma ahlela isiKolo seKonzo esingokweZulwini. Isikolwesi sasiza abanengi kwamambala ekutheni bafundise.
15. (a) Bekwenzekani kwabanye nababeka iinkulumo esikolweni sekonzo esingokwezulwini? (b) Isithembiso sakaJehova esikuRhubo 32:8 sizaliseke njani kuwe?
15 Abazalwana abanengi bebakusaba njengesitimela ukujama etatawuleni bakhulume tjhatjhalazi. UMzalwana uRamu batjho usakhumbula ikulumwakhe yokuthoma yango-1944. Ikulumo leyo beyikhuluma ngoDowegi. Nakakhumbulako uthi: “Amadolwami bekaqhulana into erarako, izandla zihlengezela, namazinyo aqhuqha. Bekukokuthoma mina ngijama phambi kwabantu ngikhulume, kodwana azange ngithule.” Nabantwana bebazibeka iinkulumo esikolwenesi, kubudisi kunjalo. UMzalwana uManera yena uthi usakhumbula mhla omunye umsanyana abeka ikulumwakhe yokuthoma: “Ngendlela ebekathukwe ngayo, wathi nakathoma ikulumwakhe, zehla iinyembezi. Kodwana ngebanga lokuzimisela, wayibeka bewayiqeda alila njalo ikulumo leyo.” Mhlamunye nawe uyasaba ukuphendula esifundweni, namkha ukubeka iinkulumo ngombana unevalo lokuthi ungabhalelwa. Nakunjalo, bawa uJehova akusize ulwisane nevalwelo, ngombana yena uzokusiza njengombana asiza nabafundi bokuthoma besiKolo seKonzo esingokweZulwini.
Ziyi-8 500 iinthunywa zevangeli ezibandulwe eGiliyadi.
16. Bewuyini umnqopho wesiKolo seGiliyadi (a) ekadeni (b) kusukela ngo-2011?
16 Ihlangano kaZimi yabandula nangesiKolo seGiliyadi. Omunye weminqopho yesikolwesi bekukusiza abafundi bakuthande ukutjhumayela iindaba ezimnandi. Isikolo seGiliyadi sathoma ngo-1943, begodu solo kwangesikhatheso, kwabandulwa abantu abayi-8 500, bathunyelwa eenarheni iziyi-170. Kanti-ke kusukela ngo-2011, ababandulwe esikolwenesi, babe maphayona akhethekileko, ababonisi abakhambako, abanye bathunyelwa eBethel, namkha abatjhumayeli bevangeli abangazange khebaye eGiliyadi phambilini.
17. Inamandla kangangani ifundobandulo yeGiliyadi?
17 Saphumelela na isiKolo seGiliyadi? Iye saphumelela. Cabanga ngokwenzeka eJapan. Ngo-Arhostosi 1949, bekunabatjhumayeli abayiparanyana enarheni le. Kodwana, ngekupheleni konyaka loyo, besekunabatjhumayeli bevangeli abayi-13, basebenza nabatjhumayeli bendaweni le. Sikhuluma nje, namhlanjesi kunabatjhumayeli abayi-216 000 eJapan, begodu abanengi babo bamaphayona!
18. Sinaziphi ezinye iinkolo?
18 Sinezinye-ke iinkolo ezinengi, njengesiKolo seKonzo somBuso, isiKolo seKonzo yamaPhayona, isiKolo sabaTjhumayeli beVangeli lomBuso, isiKolo sabaBonisi beenGodi naboMkabo, kunye nesiKolo samaLunga weKomidi yeGatja naboMkabo. Iinkolwezi ziphumelele ekubanduleni abazalwana nabodade nekubaqiniseni ekholweni. Kusemtarini bona nguJesu obandula abantu abanengi.
19. UMzalwana uRussell wathini ngomsebenzi wokutjhumayela, begodu lokhu kuzaliseke njani?
19 UmBuso kaZimu sewubuse iminyaka engaphezu kweyi-100. Phakathi nesikhatheso, iKosethu, uJesu Krestu beyisolo inqophisa umsebenzi wokutjhumayela. Emuva le ngo-1916, uMzalwana uRussell bekakholelwa ekutheni umsebenzi wokutjhumayela uzokukhamba unabe nephasi loke. Wathi: “Umsebenzi wanda ngokubuyelelweko, begodu uzokuraga njalo nokwanda, ngombana usesemkhulu umsebenzi okufuze wenziwe ephasini loke-‘ivangeli lombuso.’” (Faith on the March, etlolwe ngu-A. H. Macmillan, ikhasi 69) Umsebenzi lo, ngiwo kanye esiwenza namhlanjesi! Siyamthokoza uJehova, uZimu wokuthula, osipha koke esikutlhogako bona senze intando yakhe!
^ isig. 2 Kungenzeka ukuthi inengi lesiqhemeso labamaKrestu. Sikutjhwiso yini lokho? Ngebanga lokuthi uPowula wababiza ngokuthi “bazalwana abayi-500.” Wabuye wathi: “Inengi labo elisaphilako, nanyana-ke abanye sebalala nje.” Kubonakala ngasuthi uPowula namanye amaKrestu bebalazi inengi labantu abezwa uJesu nakakhupha umyalo wokuthi kutjhunyayelwe.
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ISITHALA (ESIFUNDWA EBANDLENI) Apreli 2015
umagazini lo uneenhloko okuzokucocwa ngazo kusukela ngoJuni 1 kuya kuJuni 28, 2015.
Akhufumane iindlela ezilikhomba abanye abazisebenzisileko nababandula abanye abazalwana.
Abadala bangafunda indlela kaJesu yokubandula, bafunde naku-Elitjha.
Ukukhulumisana kuqakatheke khulu ekwakheni ubuhlobo. Lokho ungakwenza njani newakha ubuhlobo bakho noZimu?
Ungaphumelela ekuhluleni isitjhijilo sokwakha ubuhlobo noZimu.
UMLANDO WOKUPHILA
Umlando kaTrophim Nsomba, owakghodlhelelela ukutlhoriswa kabuhlungu eMalawi. Indabakhe ingakusiza nawe bona uhlale uthembekile.
Ipendulo yombuzo lo ingaba nomthelela ekutheni ingomuso lakho lizokuba njani.
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Ekuthomeni komnyaka lo, sizokuba nesikhathi esinengi sokulungiselela isiKhumbuzo sokufa kwakaKrestu. Nangabe isiKhumbuzo sizokuba phakathi kweveke, uMhlangano wePilo Nomsebenzi angekhe ube khona ngeveke leyo. Nangabe isiKhumbuzo singepela veke, umhlangano wekulumo yenengi nowesiThala angekhe ube khona. Uzosisebenzisa kuhle na isikhathesi? Njengesikhathini sabapostoli, kufuze kwenziwe amalungiselelo akhethekileko wesenzakalwesi. (Luk 22:7-13; km 3/15 1) Kodwana soke kufuze silungiselele iinhliziyo zethu. Singakwenza njani lokho?
Cabanga ngokuqakatheka kokuba khona esenzakalwenesi. —1Ko 11:23-26
Abanye abarhuweleli bafunda begodu bazindle ngokufundwa kweBhayibheli kwesiKhumbuzo okusencwadini ethi, Ukuhlolisisa Imitlolo Qobe Langa. Abanye basebenzisa ihlelo elikhambisana netjhadi. Abanye bafunda amavesi weBhayibheli avela etjhadini. Abanye babuyekeza iinhloko zesiThala ezikhuluma ngesiKhumbuzo nangethando uJehova noJesu abasitjengise lona. Nanyana ngiyiphi indlela okhetha ukuyisebenzisa, kwangathi ingakwenza uhlale utjhidelene noJehova neNdodanakhe.
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Ukuvikela abathengi nokukhandela ukungezwani, abakhiqizi kufanele bakhambisane nomthetho -725 otlolwe ngaphasi kwemikhiqizo yentandadi zokulima, i- Act No-119 yonyaka ka-1990 lokha bafuna ukuthengisa iinkukhu.
Okutjho bona :
Bathengise amaqanda wobukhulu obufaneleko
Amaqanda wobukhulu obuhlukeneko akukafaneli bonyana apakwe ndawoyinye esimumathini sinye begodu kufanele angabekwa, ndawoyinye lokha naba wathengisako .Napo ubudisi obulandelako obusetjenziswako:
- Iqanda i-Super Jumbo kufanele libe budisi obudlula amagremu ayi-72 .
- Amaqanda weJumbo abenobudisi obudlula i-66 yemagremu
- Iqanda elikhulu kufanele libe nobudisi obudlula amagremu ayi-59
- Iqanda elikhulu kufanele libemagremu adlula i-51
- Iqanda elilingeneko lidlule ubudidi obuyi-43 yamagremu
- Iqanda elincani kufanele lidlule amagremu ayi-33
- Amaqanda avangeneko kufanele abenobudisi obudlula amagremu ayi-33
- Ngitjho nanyana athengiswa awodwa ukukhandela bona angahlangahlanganiswe
Igreyidi efaneleko
Amaqanda ahlukahlukeneko akangapakwa ndawonye esimumathini sinye, begodu kufanele abekwe ngokuhlukaniswa lokha nakathengiswako .Amaqanda angakhambeleni namagreyidi i-1,2 nanyana -3 angathengiswa eSewula Africa.
Grade 1/Grade A igreyidi -1
Lokhu okumhlophe kweqanda kufanele kubedege bese kuthi isikhuphatjha sibemamanzana Imbobo ezingenisa umoya eqandeni, zibezincani ,zibenobubanzi obungaba yi-6mm zikhambe ibanga elingaba yi-6mm lokha ulisa ngaphanangapha.
Iqanda kufanele lingabinamatjhatjhaza wenyama bese kuthi iqephe lalo lihlanzeke ,lingabharasi ,begodu liqine.okumhlophe kwamaqanda kufanele kube ne- huagh value eyi-55 units.( Isimedo lesi siqala ikhwalithi yama-protein eseqandeni ngokuya ngobubanzi bokumhlophe beqanda)Amaqanda afretjhi wekwalithi anokumhlophe kweqanda kunalawo wezinga eliphasi.)
Grade 2/ Grade B igreyidi 2/nanyana B
Ngamanye Wamaqanda ambalwa athengiswa emavikilini.Isikhuphatjha sawo sisipara kancani kuthi lokhu okumhlophe kwawo kubematsikani kunakwamaqanda akwalifaya ukuba ngewegreyidi-1.
Imbobo ezingenisa umoya zibenobubanzi ubuyi-9mm, bukhambe ibanga elingaba yi-12mm lokha nalisiwa ngaphanangapha. Iqephe lawo alikabharasi lingabonakala limarhahlarhahla begodu lingakahlanzeki kuhle namtjhana linamabala.Okuhlomphe kweqanda kufanele kubene-haugh value engaba ma-unit ayi-35.
Grade 3/ Grade C igreyidi 3 /greyidi C
Lamaqanda angathengiswa emavikilini .Isikhuphatjha sawo sisipara, lokha okumhlophe kwamaqanda la kumatsikani begodu kumamanzi.Iqephe lingabharasa nanyana libe namabala.
Ukupakwa nokumeregwa
Amaqanda apakiweko akukafaneli bona abenephunga alikhiphako nanyana abe nokunambitheka okuthileko.Kufanele aqine, angaphuki begodu avalwe kuhle ukuwavikeleni bona angaphuki lokha nakaphathwako nalokha nakathuthwako.Akukafaneli adose umswakama omnengi lokha nakabekwe endaweni epholileko begodu kufanele ahlanzwe ngendlela kuthi amalebuli agade asetjenziswe esikhathini esidlulileko asuswe, nangabe iimumathi ziyokukubuyekezwa zisetjenziswe ukwenza umkhiqizo omutjha.
Iimumathi ezifaneleko ngekubalwa hlangana nazo amabhasikedi alula lokha athuthelwa endaweni eziseduze, nalokha kubuthelelwa amaqanda ,kusetjenziswe ama- filler trays kanye nempakana ze-polystyrene . Ekufaneli zilandele umthetho ebekiweko yokubana afakwe ilebuli etlolwe njalo.Imininingwane elandelako kufanele ibe selebulini: ibizo lomkhiqizo
- ibizo lekhampani
- Imininingwano yompaki
- Ilanga azokonakala ngalo
- Inomboro yamaqanda
- I-Trade Metrology
- Ubudisi bawo
- Inarha avela kiyo
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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Isingeniso
Abobhejana mhlobo weenlwani ezimunyisako ezibokala lula ngebanga lezitho nobukhulu bazo kanye neempondo ezisepandla. Lo kumhlobo weenlwani ezizithembako tle begodu zikhe zibonakale zidla utjani phambi kwamabhubezi ngaphandle kokuthukwa kuthi nawo amabhubezi abonakale angakaphazamiseki njengabo abobhejanaba. Abantu ababulala abobhejana ngehloso yokuthola amaphondwabo, basizathu esikhulu sokwehla kwesibalo sabobhejanaba.
Esiciwini seembandana i-Kruger National Park umhlobo waboBhejana omhlophe White Rhino (Ceratotherium simum) utholakala phakathi kwendawo ebizwa i-Sabie kanye ne-Crocodile Rivers, kuthi isibalo sabo esincani sitholakale e-Shingwedzi and Letaba. Umhobo onzima ngombala waboBhejana (Diceros bicornis) batholakala emahlathini ande ngameva kanye nalawo aminyeneko weSewula yesiciwi i-Kruger phakatthi kwe-Skukuza kanye ne-Pretoriuskop kanye nesewula yendawo ebizwa i-Lower Sabie eseduze ne-Crocodile Bridge.
Balala kuphi begodu bunjani aboBhejana?
AboBhejana balala bajamile nofana ngokulala phasi, begodu bakghona ukulala ama-awara abunane ngelanga. Kesinye isikhathi bavamise ukutholakala babambe isithongwana ngaphasi kwemithi lokha ilanga nalitjhisa khulu, kodwana nabalala ubuthongo obude bavamise ukulala phasi kuthi iinyawo bazigobele kancani ngehlangothi elilodwa. Balala ubuthongo obukhulu begodu kulula bona ubatjhidele bangezwa lutho.
AboBhejani bawususa njani umtjhiso?
Nakutjhisa ilanga emini aboBhejani bavamise ukuphumula ngaphasi komthunzi nofana bazume indawo enedaka nofana emanzi. Idaka abalisebenziseli ukususa umtjhiso kwaphela kodwana nokuqotjha iimpukani kanye nokuvike isikhumba sabo elangeni elitjhisako. Bazwana nokutjhagala khulu phakathi kobusuku begodu lokha nakupholileko kukhambeka. Banjalo nje bangasusa umtjhiso ngokusela amanzi nakakhona.
Lenziwe ngani iphondo lakaBhejani begodu kubayini lifunwa kangaka?
Iphondweli alikenziwa ngeenhluthu eziqinileko nezihlanganisiweko, njengombana kukhe kwaqatjangwa ngaleyondlela (lapha sikhuluma ngezinto ezakha amazipho, kanye neenqatha). Iphondweli lifunelwa ukwenza iinhlahla njengombana kuhlongozwa. Endaweni ye-Yemen iphondweli lisetjenzisela ukwenza izinto eziphatha nofaka ezifaka isango (umthathambana) ovamise ukuthulelwa abesana abasesigabeni sokungena ebododeni.
Ngimuphi umehluko okhona phakathi kwalezo ezinzima kanye nalezo ezimhlophe?
Awukho umehluko mayelana nombala phakathi kwemihlobo emibili yaboBhejana, okukhona kukuthi igama elithi uBhejana Omhlophe (White Rhino) lihlathulula indlela umlomakhe ungakho, ukunaba kanye nobubanzi kwakhe. Umlomo wakaBhejana onzima unesiphetho ezigobeneko nasicathaniswa naloyo obanzi wakaBhejana omhlophe. UBhejani omhlophe waziwa ngokudla utjani kuthi onzima abemhlobo okhamba uzuma ukudla, ngebanga nesakhiwo semilomabo. Umehluko omunye okhona phakathi kwaboBhejanaba kukuthi omhlophe mkhulu kunaloyo onzima.
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Imbuzi yomhlobo we-Angora ikerwa uboya qobe ngemva kweenyanga ezisithandathu. Ubudisi boboya bazo buhluka ngokuya ngokobana imbuzi leyo inobudala obungangani, uboya beputwana bukerwa kokuthoma lokha nabunobudisi obungaba yi-500g kuneembuzi ezindala ezikerwa uboya lokha nazinobudisi obuyi-2kg.
Ukuthengiswa kwe-Mohair
Iimbuzi zomhlobo we-Angora zingasebenzisa indawo yinye lokha naziyokukerwa, kodwana abafuyi abafuya ngobunengi ngehloso yokuthengisa bahlela nethimu ejamelene nezokukera iimbuzi kobana bayokuvakatjha emaplasini ngesikhathi sokukera imbuzi uboya. Ngemva kokubukera buhlukaniswa ngokuya ngobude babo, ukuqina kanye nokobana bumhlobo bani bupakwe benziwe amabhala, bumeregwe ngenomboro yomkhiqizi kanye nokobana buyikhwalithi enjani.Umkhiqizi ngamunye we-mohair otlolisiweko unenomboro. Ibhala ngalinye linobudisi obuyi-150 kg. Abafuyi abangafuyi imbuzi ezinengi kufanele babeke amarekhodi wokobana umlimi ngamunye ufake amabhala ayingakhi abuya embuzini zakhe ukwenzela bona bazokurhona ukumubhadala.
Amabhala athuthelwa kumrhwebi wepahla, ozobathengisela uboya be-mohair lobo efandisini, ebanjwa amahlandla ayi-14 qobe nyaka efandisini ye-Wool and Mohair Exchange ebanjelwa e- Port Elizabeth. Amabhala ahlukaniswa enziwe imithiya kuthi isampula lebhala ngalinye linikezwe abathengi. Umthengi uzokuthenga umthiya ongakasetjenzwa (obizwa bona yi-greasy) afike awusebenze. Hlangana kwezinye izinto ezenziwa nakusetjenzwa i-mohair kubalwa hlangana ukuyihlukanisa, ukuyihlanza, ukubukama, ukubudrayisa, ukubudaya, ukubukorotjha nanyana ukubuluka.
Abathengi abathenga umkhiqizo obuya eSewula Africa bayi-5%, lokha i-mohair enengi ithengiselwa iinarha zangaphandle.
Isewula Africa ithengisela iinarha ezifana ne-China, Italy kanye ne-Tawain.
Ngonyaka lo ka-(2018) kunabathengi abahlanu abaqakathekileko, abarhwebi ngepahla abathathu nabakhiqizi abapheze babeyi-30.
Imhlobo eminengi yemikhiqizo ye-mohair ikhiqizwa eSewula Africa ekubalwa hlangana nayo amakawosi,iingubo,amaduvedi,iinkhafu,kanye nokunye okunengi okubalwa izambatho, kanye nezinye izinto zokurhabisa. Eenarheni ezingaphetjheya i-mohair isetjenziswa bathungi bezambatho zamalebuli aphezulu ukwenza amasudu kanye nezinye izambatho zefetjhini.
Ihlangano ye-mohair hair yeSewula Africa isabalalisa ilwazi emabubulweni nanyana abafuyini bembuzi zomhlobo we- Angora.
Imbalobalo ze-Mohair yeSewula Africa
I-Mohair ikhiqizwa eendaweni ezomileko ze-USA, Australia kanye ne Lesotho,kodwana i-Sewula Africa ikhiqiza umkhiqizo we-mohair oyi-53% ephasini loke. Imali egade ingena ngokuthengiswa kwe-mohair eSewula Africa gade ibalelwa ku-R529 million ngonyaka ka-2015. Umkhiqizo wango-2015 wabalelwa ematanini ayi-2 500 gade kumkhiqizo owehlileko nawufaniswa newangonyaka ka-2006 lapha kwakhiqizwa khona umkhiqizo omatani ayi-3 700. Isomiso sabanomthelela walokho ngombana iincenye ezinengi zenarha ezikhiqiza i-mohair ezisesphandeni sange-Eastern Cape gade zibanjwe sisomiso. Ngonyaka ka-2006 i-mohair gade ithengiswa nge-R78/kg nayimadaniswa neyangonyaka ka-2018 lokha inani layo lafika ku-R250/kg.
Imiraro Eqalene Nokukhiqizwa kwe-Mohair
iSewula Africa isese ngonyaka ka-(2018) ngaphasi kwegandelelo elikhulu ngebanga lesomiso esiragela phambili encenyeni ezinengi zeemfunda ezikhiqiza i-mohair. Ezinye iimfunda sele zilitholile izulu egade zilitlhoga, kodwana abanye abakhiqizi abanengi basasebenzisa imali enengi bathenga ukudla abangakupha ifuyo yabo njengombana kunganazulu kanye nekuzithutheni.
Nanyana kunjalo, itlhogeko ye-mohair isese yinengi begodu imakede yayo gade isajame kuhle efandisini eenyangeni ezidlulileko.
Ezinye iintjhijilo eziqalene neemakede ezikhiqiza i-mohair eSewula Africa kubalwa ukungabi neensetjenziswa ezitlhogeka lokha nakwenziwa i-mohair ezingafiki ngesikhathi esilungileko, iindleko eziphezulu zokujamiselela nanyana ukulungisa imitjhini, ukungabi nelwazi elilingeneko lepahla yokwelukwa kanye nerhono, imithetho yezabasebenzi ekhambelana neskhathi sokukhiqizwa kwe-mohair.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe
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Ibizo
i-Cape Ground Squirrel [Xerus inauris]
Ukwakheka Kwayo
I-Cape Ground Squirrel mhlobo wesilwanyana esincani esinamazinywana wangaphambili abukhali afana newekhondlwana, zihlala zikhona eSewula Afrika. Zimamilimitha ama-450 mm ngobude begodu ubudisi bazo bufika kukhilogremu eli-1. Iingcenye zangaphezulu zinombala wesinamoni bese zibe nemitletlana emhlophe kungaba ngemaqadi emzimbeni. Iindawo ezingaphasi nomsilazo ongubhutjhula ofana netjhoba unombala onzima, neenhluthu ezineempente ezimhlophe. Isikhumba saso sirhrofu sibe noboyana obuncani ngaphasi. Isikhumba saso ebusika siba side kunaleso sehlobo.
Ukudla Ekuthandako
Azidlela utjani kwaphela, begodu adle nemirabhu namatjhwaba eziwakha ngamazophazo nangamazinyo wangaphambili. ukudlo okuqinilekokhu akuhlafuna ngamazinywawo abukhali wangaphambili. Ngaso soke isikhathi zizidlela iintjalo ezikhona ezinamanzana. Esikhathini esinengi ehlobo zizidlela amadiye, okuziintethe ezikulu.
Ukukhulisa
Nalokha ezisikazi zithoma ukukhiqiza abentwabazo lokha nazineenyanga ezisithandathu, ngilezo ezinomnyaka wobudala oweqa kowodwa ezivunyelwa ukobana zikhulise. Ezisikazi zinamapara amabili wamaglendi weemunyisi begodu esikhathini esinengi zibeletha abantwana ababili ukuya kwabasithandathu umndeni ngamunye, umntwana ngamunye unobudisi obumagremu ama-20. Abantwana baba bhunubhubhunu lokha nababelethwako. Ukutlhogomela abantwana kuqaleka kumsebenzi womphakathi, ngombana umsebenzi lo wabiwa hlangana nama-squirrel ahlukahlukeneko kileyondawo.
Ngileso esiduna esidala kwaphela esibekezelelwe linengi lalezo eziduna esivunyelwa bona kukhuliswe naso abentwana, esikhathini esinengi sikhamba nabantwana baso eminyakeni emibili edlulileko.Ukusiwa kwabantwana endaweni eseduze yokuhlala kwenziwa kwaphela ngemva kweminyaka emibili. Iphetheni yokubahlalisa le ivumela ukubunjwa kweenqhema ezitja begodu kwenza ngcono ukukhambisana kweenthako zefuzo emizimbeni.
Indawo Yokuhlala
Ahlala endaweni ethabaleleko enamatjhwaba notjani. Lapha ama-Cape Ground Squirrels atholakala khona ihlabathi yakhona iya ngokuya ihluke kube naleyo eyisanta erhrofu ukuya kileyo eqinileko, ihlabathi yebumba elifeni kanye naleyo umlambo ogeleza kiyo.
Lapha Zihlala Khona
Zikhona kizo zoke iindawo e-Kalahari, e-Free State, e-Northern Cape, e-North West nakumaPhrovinsi we-Southern Cape Provinces ukutjhinga tjhubeliya lesiyingi sabo-Beaufort-West/Graaff-Reinet district.
Amanothi
Ngemikghwa kanye nangokuqaleka kwazo zifana nalezo ezibizwa ngokuthiwa ma-Mountain Ground Squirrel [Xerus princeps]. Nalokha zitlhoriswa balimi inani lawo ama-Cape Ground Squirrel lisesenjalo.
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Awa akukafaneli ngombana ikolelo yakho ingeyakho akekho umuntu onelungelo lokobana akukhethele bona ukholelwe kiyiphi ikolelo. Lokha nawukhethela umuntu ikolelo angayifuniko umuntu loyo angagcina ahlala ezwa ubuhlungu ehliziyweni yakhe begodu aphile kabuhlungu.
Sineenkolelo ezinengi ezifaka hlangana ezintathu lezi esingazilandela begodu senze ngazo irhubhululo: ikolelo yokuthoma yikolo yesintu, kulandele ikolo yobukrestu bese yamaswaphela kuba yikolo yobu Moslemu. Abantu akukafaneli bona baninane ngokweenkolelo zabo.
Akukafuzi abanye banine iinkolelo zabanye kodwana kufanele lokha nawubona omunye umuntu ekolelweni ongakhambelani nayo ukwamukele lokho, uyihloniphe nekolelo yomunye umuntu begodu ungathi wena uyamhloya umuntu okhambela enye ikolelo.
Ungathi wena uyazikhakhazisa ngekolelo yakho begodu umuntu ongekho keyakho ikolelo awuzikhakhazisi ngaye. Okhunye kukobana abantu kufanele balise ukwahlulelana ngeenkolelo zabo, njengokuthi omunye athi “abantu bekolelo yesintu banemimoya emimbi namkha milingo ya baloyi” ngombana ngelinye ilanga uyokugcina sewubawa isizo kuye umuntu egade umthathela phasi loya.
Sibabantu ukuze sikwazi ukwamukelana kunye nokuhlalisana, kufuze sazane kuhle ngendlela ezokwenza bona sizwane begodu sakhisane kuhle. kufanele sazi besizwisise ikambiso yeenkolelo zabanye ngokwahlukahlukana kwazo, sizwisisane besibambisane.
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Igama
Inkhondlo Elimqasa [Pedetes capensis]
Isingeniso
Ibizo lendabuko lomhlobo lo wesilwani liyahlangahlanganisa, ngombana umhlobo lo wesilwani akusiwo umqasa kodwana likhondlo. Isilwanesi nofana ikhondlweli livamise ukudliwa babantu be-Afrika ngendlela ejayelekileko yokudliwa komqasa ojayelekileko ozunywa iphasi loke.
Ukuvela nokwakheka
Umzimba nehloko yesilwanesi ubalelwa emamilimitheni amakhulu amane (400 mm) kuthi umsila ube mude ngamamilimitha amakhulu amane namasumi amane (440 mm). Inesilinganiso sobudisi obumakhilogremu amathathu, begodu kusilwani esikghona ukweqa khulu, likhondlo lomhlobo onemilenze emibili esiphandenesi. Ngemilenze emide yemuva kanye neenyawo zaphambili ezifitjhani, ibonakala njengesilwani esibizwa nge-Dwarf Kangaroo.
Ineendlebe ezide nehloko efana neyomqasa. Incenye yomzimbayo esehla inombala ozotho okuqarheke ngombala osarulana, nofana umbala onzima oyela kobomvu. Zinomsila onencenye yesiphetho esinzima. Zombili eduna nesikazi ziyafana, begodu emathunjini umbalazo uhluka ukusuka komhlophe ukuya kosarulana nofana ofana nelamuna.
Ukudla/Idayethi
Ziphila ngokudla imirabhu yotjani, isiqu sawo, imbewu, neemlilo ezifana nemirabhu ezimila ngaphasi kwehlabathi, amakari, begodu izwana nokuzuma utjani obuhlaza obande ngezakhamzimba namanzi. Nasizuma ukudla sikhamba ngazo zoke iinyawo, kodwana sihlala ngeenyawo zemuva kanye nomsila nasidlako, ibese idla ngokusebenzisa iinyawo zaphambili.
Ukuzala nokukhulisa
Akusiwo umhlobo wesilwani esizala ngesikhathi esithileko sonyaka, ivamise ukuzala idzinyana linye ngemva kwesikhathi sekambiso yokumitha esimalanga amasumi alikhomba. Ezisikazi zivamise ukuzala amadzinyana amahlandla amathathu ngonyaka owodwa. Amadzinyana azalelwa ngemgodini, begodu azalwa anamaboya aneleko.
Amadzinyana akghona ukubona nokukhambakhamba ngemva kokuzalwa. Amadzinyana avamise ukuphila ngebisi laka nina ukufikela eemvekeni ezilikhomba zobudala kanye nesilinganisweni esilikhilogremu elilodwa nantathu (1.3 kg). Zivamisa ukulungela ukujarhana enyangeni yobunane yobudala.
Ukuziphatha
Zikghona ukusebenzisa iinyawo zazo zemuva ukugijimi lokha nazibalekela amanaba, afana neenyoni eziyingozi kanye neenhlosi. Zizwana nokuphila eendaweni ezinotjani obufitjahani, lapho kuneemilo ezingakaminyani kanye nesandeni nofana ehlabathini lapho zikghona ukwemba nokurhubha khona.
Lapho zitholakala khona
Ngaphandle kweendaweni ezimarhalawumba kanye namahlathakhona, isilwanyanesi sisabalele ngendlela ebanzi eSewula Afrika, ngokutholakala eendaweni ezindlalekileko ezinganazulu, nalezo ezisiquntu seendawo zesomiso.
Ibuthelelolwazi ngomangwazo
Isilwaneni sithathwa njengokudla okuqakathekileko ebantwini abanengi benarhakazini ye-Afrika begodu lokho kwenza bonyana ubujamo bazo bungakarisi enarhakazini neemphandeni zayo.
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Umadiba wembethe iskipa sama-Springbok
Iyakarisa indlela uNelson Mandela atjhugululwe ngayo engcondweni zesitjhaba, kusukela ekubeni linaba lokuthoma kufikela ekubeni yikutana,” esele yaziwa njengoMongameli bantu beSewula Africa, ngitjho nalaba abatlama isiqhema sokuqina esifana nesamabhuru ampurelana. Bekungenziwa kukobana wembatha ijeresi yamaSpringbok emdlalweni waso wokugcina, owapha i-Sewula Africa ibhigiri lephasi, kukokuthoma bangenela iphalisano elibaluleke kangaka.Isenzosakhe lesi sadlala indima ekulu.
Indoda eyabe ithi yona ilulunga lokuqina le-AWB elaziwa ngokobanyana yi-Afrikaaner Weerstandsbeweging nanyana –I Afrikaaner Resistance Movement, yadosela umtato umkgatjho obizwa ngokobana yi-talk radio station ,-Radio 702 ,ngoMvulo olandeko, wabika bona isekelo likaMongameli lesqhema sakamakhakhulwaragwe lesi amaSpringboks, lidlale indima ekulu kuye, nokobana ipelavekeyoke ulwisene nomkhumbulo wakhe ngenkolelo zakhe,nokobana uthethe isiquntu khona ekuseni zwanokho bonyana ubeka phasi ehlanganweni yamabhuru ampurelana la. Kodwana azange kwaba kubonakala kwakaMongameli e-Ellis Park embethe ijeresi ehlaza nokusakgawuda etlolwe unomboro -6 ngemva(inomboro kakaputeni u-Francois Pienaar) kwaphela okwamenza azizwe njalo, kodwana kwakuyindlela yamambala asekela ngayo isqhemesi.
uMongameli bekhe wabiza ama-Springbok amahlandla ambalwa awafisela iinlokotho ezihle.Waya nestjhabeni wazama ukusibawa bona ,kungatjhugululwa i-emblem yesiqhema sikamakhakhulwaragwe lesi , kodwana abantu bebala elinzima abanengi,khange bakuvume lokho ngombana bathi bona i-emblem yesiqhemesi bayibona njengephawu lehloyo yebandlululo ,nokobana bafuna lisuswe lijamiselelwe ngethuthumbo elimbalabala elibizwa bona yi- Protea.
Ithinto likaMadiba
Imihlangano eminengi no-Constand u-Viljoen wehlangano ye-Freedom Front plus bakhuluma ngendaba ye-Volkstaat kwadala bonyana uMandela ahlale ajame hlangana namabhuru, nemihlangano aye anayo, nama-union wamabhuru alimako lapha bebararulula khona imiraro. Nanyana lokho akwenzako kwakubalulekile zange kuqede ngokupheleleko ubujamo bakhe esele butjhugulukile hlangana namabhuru ngombana besolokho bangakholwa bonyana sekanguMongameli. Indlela ebekahlonipha, aneqiniso nangendlela ekhethekileko yakhe athintana ngayo eyikariso mraro.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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Isitjhaba esiphila esikhathini sanamhlanje esihlala emadorobheni sithembele khulu ekudleni okuphekeka lula okuprosesiweko. Ukuhlala kude namaplasi nokuya emsebenzini ngokukhwela iinthuthi kutjhiya isikhathi esincani sokobana abantu bakwazi ukupheka nabafika emakhaya begodu nesikhathi esincani khulu sokobana bazitjalele ukudla kwabo.
Ukudla okuprosesiweko kubulunga isikhathi, kuyindlela elula yokungezelela izakhamzimba ekudleni begodu kurhelebha nabalimi, ingasi kobana bathengise imikhiqizo ehlukahlukeneko kodwana nokobana basebenzise umkhiqizo oseleko nokwenza bona imikhiqizo yabo ingaboli luma beyitholakale nangemva kobana isikhathi sokuvuna loyomkhiqizo sesidlulile.
Ukuprosesiwa kweenthako ezihlaza ezifana neenthelo kufaka hlangana ukomisa, ukurhadzisa, ukwenziwa kwejuzi, ukubilisela kunye nokuprosesiwa ukuya phambili kwama-preservatives, ama-pickles kunye nemikhiqozo ekuthiwa ma-value added products. Ngokufanako, amametheriyali ahlaza afana nenyama, ibisi kunye neenthoro aprosesiwa ukuya phambili bekabulungwe kodwana imitlolweni ndaba emifitjhani ehlukahlukeneko lena izokuhlathulula amathekniki alula wokuprosesa iinthelo nemirorho.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
Ngesikhathi sendlela yokwenza lesi, ama-microbes abanga amalwelwe ayabulawa ngokutjhugulula kancani indlela umkhiqizo ebekade ungayo ekuthomeni....more
Iinthelo ezinengi zeSewula Afrika, ezifana nedireyibe, abhilikosi, amapentjisi, ama-abhula, amapiyere, imengo, amabhanana ziyonyiswa. Ukomisa kususa Amanzi, akhuthaza ukubola, isibiliso kunye nokukhula kwamagciwani, ngalokho kukhulise isikhathi...more
Ukubila kungathonywa ziinkghoro, imilwana, isibiliso nofana ama-enzayimi begodu eminye imihlobo yemikhiqizo yeminye imikhiqizo ithembele ekutheni ngimaphi ama-organism athome ikambiso yokwenza ukubila. Isibonelo, i-monosodium glutamate (MSG) ibumbeka...more
Ukomisa ngokukghadzisa kuyithekniki yendlela ephezulu yokubulunga ukudla....more
Abalimi beenthelo bangangezelela ivelu yeenthelo zabo ngendlela zokuprosesa ezahlukahlukeneko. Isithelo singonyiswa, sikheniwe, senziwe ijemu, sithelwe ngeswigiri nofana senziwe ijuzi....more
Ukwenza ijuzi yindlela yokungezelela i-value begodu yindlela ehle yokungezelela isikhathi sokobana imikhiqizo yeenthelo nemirorho ihlale isikhathi eside ingaboli, kwenze kube lula ukupheka bekungezelele...more
Muva waragela phambili wasebenza ngebhiya ngo-1873, wenza imvumo yangokomthetho yendlela yokwenza ye-pasteurisation yebhiya....more
Ama-pickles kukudla okukhenwa ngokufakwa emanzini ene-esidi nofana itswayi ukuvikela ukonakala....more
Ukosiwa kokudla sisenzo semandulo; yindlela yokuthoma yokupheka nokubulunga ukudla okufana nenyama nefesi....more
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Ukatsu bomango be-Africa (Felis silvestris lybica) zinlwane ze-Africa zendabuko begodu zibezimu babokatsu abafuywa emakhaya. Bafana nabokatsu abafuywa emakhaya, kodwana banenyawo ezide ezenza bona barhone ukuhlala baqonde.
Abokatsu bomango banoboya obubomvu okusasanda, kanye nokubomvu okungeneleleko obutholwa kilabo abahlala eendaweni ezimanzi, kuthi abanombala okhanyako batholakala eendaweni nanyana emfundeni ezomileko, bese baba nemida, efana neyabokatsu abafuywa ekhaya kodwana imida yabokatsu bomangwaba imbalwa kinebekhaya begodu ivulekile. Bavamise ukuba namatjhatjhazi a-cream entanyeni, emathunjini kanye nahlangana nemilenze.
Ukatsu womango angaba yi-85 ukuya ku-100 cm begodu unobudisi obuyi-2.5 ukuya ku-6 kg. Ugijima njenge-caracal, kodwana mncani. Ubude bokatsu womango omdala ngaphambili esandleni sangokwesokudla kanye nenyaweni ezingemva buyi-36 mm ngobude.
Babokatsu abazihlalela babodwa, ngaphandle kwalokha nakusikhathi sokobana bahlangane ngokomseme nanyana lokha abasikazi bbtlhogomela abentwabazo. Ezisikazi zikhiqiza abokatswana abahlanu qobe ukatsu osikazi, abathoma ukuzuma lokha nabanemveke eziyi-12 ubudala begodu bathoma ukuzijamela lokha nabanenyanga ezihlanu ubudala.
Batloliswe njengelwane ezisengozini khulu, ngebanga lokobana babahlanganisa ngokomseme nabokatsu bekhaya. Begodu abokatsu bomango abamsulwa abangakahlanganiswa sele baphelile kwezinye iindawo lapha kunabokatsu bekhaya.
Iphethini Yokubulala Neyokudla
Abokatsu bomango badla iinlwane ezincani, ezifana namakhondlo, imiqasa, iinyoni, iimphephenu, iinyoka nembhadwa kodwana babazumi abakhulu benkukhu kanye nezimvana ezinamalanga amane ubudala kwezinye iinyawo.
Bald imbue winey ngeskhathi sinye, begodu bathoma ngokuyiluma intamo, bayidosele kude nanyana bayifihle. Ngaphasi kweskhumba semvu leyo uzokubona kuhle imaraga yenzipho zabo. Ngesinye isikhathi abayibulali imvu, ekurholela ekutheni ivuvuke intamo, ihloko yayo ihlale iqale phasi beyenzi imidumo erarako ngombana izabe iqunteke umthambo entanyeni. Abokatsu bomango bavamise ukudla inyama esesifubeni kanye nehlangana kwamagoji, bese batjhiya amathumbu.
Ukubatlhogomela
Abokatsu bomango akusikanengi babanga imiraro efuyweni. Umonakalo ungakhandelwa ngokobana kusetjenziswe ifensi yabojakalasi (ekuyifensi engaba yi-1.2 m ngobude evuleke nge-74 mm) ifensi yegezi, ukuvalelwa kwenlwane ezisengozini. Amatjhada kanye nama-deterrent enza imidumo, ukusetjenziswa kwabonogada benlwane, abafana nezinja zomhlobo we-Anatolian, amadonki nanyana itje kanye nabelusi abazokugadela izimvu ngesikhathi lapha zingaba sengozini khona.
Abafuyi batlhoga imvume yokobana babambe abokatsu bomango. Ukusetjenziswa kwamakheji azinthiyo anebheyithi, avamise ukusetjenziselwa ukubamba ama-caracal kusebenza kuhle lokha nawulinga ukubamba abokatswaba.
Ukuthola ilwazi elinabileko thinta iforamu yokutlhogonyelwa kwenlwane ezizumako.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
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