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} | ['gnd:4065468-0', 'gnd:4065365-1'] | ['Welthandel', 'Weltwirtschaft'] | ['oek'] | ['Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)'] | [['(ppn)1831647427', '(firstid)KEP:083756582', '(doi)10.1016/S1573-4404(84)01009-1']] | ['North Holland'] | [['Discursos, ensayos, conferencias', 'Relations économiques internationales ; Lectures et morçeaux choisis', 'Electronic books', '(classificationName=rvk)QM 200', 'Handbooks and manuals', 'International economic relations', 'Welthandel', '(classificationName=loc)HF1411', '(classificationName=rvk)QM 000', '(classificationName=ddc)337', 'ECONOMICS', 'Relations économiques internationales', 'Handbooks, manuals, etc', 'Relaciones económicas internacionales', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS', 'Internationale economie', 'Weltwirtschaft']] | ['Chapter 6 Capital theory and trade theory'] | ['In a major survey of the theory of international trade, dynamic trade theory calls for further, systematic analysis and synthesis, and notes the negligible dent made so far by intermediate and capital goods in the theoretical models employed by analysts of international trade. This chapter surveys the progress that has now been made in incorporating capital goods into trade theory and discusses the dynamic models of trade and growth. Within this model, it is possible to develop a treatment of welfare economics that broadly follows the well-known static theory of the gains from trade although with some important features peculiar to intertemporal theory. Few positive-economic results are obtainable within such a general model. The chapter also provides two alternative ways of simplifying the general model so as to obtain useful results: reducing the number of goods, factors, and time-periods ill the model, or considering only steady states. Results in particular cases, which turn out to be similar to the standard results in models without capital, may not be sufficient to show that capital makes no difference. The chapter provides steady-state analysis: when a comparative dynamic result in steady state is formally very similar to a comparative static result in a timeless model it tempts to give the former result the same title as the latter, but such terminology may sometimes be misleading.'] | ['1984'] | ['http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-1/en'] | ['national licence'] | [[{'@id': 'gnd:4065468-0'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4065365-1'}]] | ['gnd:4065365-1', 'gnd:4065468-0', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831647427'] | ['Welthandel', 'Weltwirtschaft'] | 19 |
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} | ['gnd:4065365-1', 'gnd:4065468-0'] | ['Welthandel', 'Weltwirtschaft'] | ['oek'] | ['Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)'] | [['(ppn)1831647613', '(doi)10.1016/S1573-4404(05)80010-3', '(firstid)KEP:083756396']] | ['Elsevier'] | [['ECONOMICS', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; International ; Economics', 'International economic relations', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)oek', 'Relations économiques internationales', 'Welthandel', '(classificationName=ddc)337', 'Relations économiques internationales ; Lectures et morçeaux choisis', 'Weltwirtschaft', '(classificationName=rvk)QM 200', 'Discursos, ensayos, conferencias', '(classificationName=loc)HF1411', 'Relaciones económicas internacionales', 'Electronic books', 'BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; International ; General', 'Handbooks and manuals', 'Handbooks, manuals, etc', 'Internationale economie', 'INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS', '(classificationName=rvk)QM 000']] | ['Chapter 30 Estimating the effects of trade policy'] | ['This chapter examines the way imperfect competition affects the gains and losses from trade policies. It focuses on empirical models that estimate the impact of trade policies, with minimum structure imposed on the data. The welfare effects of trade policy under imperfect competition are decomposed into four possible channels: (1) a deadweight loss from distorting consumption and production decisions; (2) a possible gain from improving the terms of trade; (3) a gain or loss because of changes in the scale of firms; and, (4) a gain or loss from shifting profits among countries. The chapter focuses on the concept of deadweight losses and discusses the terms of trade, along with considering tariffs. It also reviews import quotas and their effect on product quality. In many industries, quotas have led to an increase in the quality of imports purchased, which is an optimal response by consumers and firms. The chapter discusses the effects of trade policy on the markups of firms, and thereby on their output and profits. It also reviews the evidence linking import competition, wages, and the employment for the United States and discusses the impact of changes in product variety.'] | ['1995'] | ['http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-1/en'] | ['national licence'] | [[{'@id': 'gnd:4065365-1'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4065468-0'}]] | ['gnd:4065365-1', 'gnd:4065468-0', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A1831647613'] | ['Welthandel', 'Weltwirtschaft'] | 19 |
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