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Homeplace on Green River Fall Heritage Festival
Vendor Application
Please complete the following information:
Vendors registering by August 13 will be listed in our program and may be promoted in advance of the event on our website and social media platforms.
Business name: ____________________________________________
Owner Name: ____________________________________________
Email: ____________________________________________
Phone: ____________________________________________
Address: _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
Are you applying as a
Vendor of hand made arts/crafts/other non food items
I will make a donation of a hand made item with a minimum value of $25 for Homeplace’s fundraising raffle?
Food Vendor
I will accept tickets from volunteers with a value of $10 and turn in tickets to Homeplace staff for reimbursement.
Description of what you sell (items or food)
Please describe what you are selling in one or two sentences. Ex: hand-turned wooden bowls and pens. Please note: We may use this description on our website and social media to promote our vendors.
Do you have a website or social media page you would like us to promote? (please write out web address)
1
How many spaces would you like? (spaces are approximately 12'x12' and are $35 each)
I just need 1 space
I would like 2 spaces
I need a different space arrangement:
If you selected the last option, please explain:
_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Please check your preference for vending location.
Note: We can not guarantee you will be placed in your preferred space as spaces are limited and first come first serve, however we will try to accommodate your needs to the best of our ability.
Covered space (Tobacco Barn, feedlot, etc.)
Open air (lawn) space
"Food Court" (Food vendors only)
If possible, would you like access to an electric hook-up?
Yes please! Circle: I need 220V
I need 120V
No, I don't need electricity.
If there is a specific place you want, explain: _______________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Please Acknowledge via signature and date that you have read and understand all Homeplace Festival Policies, and will follow all guidelines set forth therein, and that you understand that your application to participate in Fall Heritage Festival 2021 is subject to the review and approval of the staff and board of Homeplace on Green River and you are not guaranteed a vending or demonstration space. Please also acknowledge that you agree to comply with any health and safety protocols during the event as set forth by the health department at that time to ensure a safe festival experience for all.
Your signature:
Date:
Please attach your business license if applicable and a check for the vendor fee. Checks should be made out to: Homeplace on Green River and can be mailed to:
Homeplace On Green River P.O. Box 4212 Campbellsville, Ky 42719
Or you can hand deliver your application to the office in the metal building at HGR 5807 Columbia Road, Campbellsville Ky, 42718
2
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Long Lawford Primary School
Holbrook Road, Long Lawford, Rugby, CV23 9AL.
Tel: 01788 543332, Fax: 01788 550366, Email: [email protected]
Website: www.longlawfordprimaryschool.com
Long Lawford News…
Spring 8
I would ask parents and carers to talk to the school if you are concerned about something at school. I always believe that it is best to talk about these concerns at an early stage so that they can be resolved. There are several ways to get in touch. You can send an email, telephone the office or call into school. Most concerns can be resolved by your child's class teacher and therefore should be raised with them in the first instance. Assistant Head teachers, Mrs Hetherington (Infants) or Mrs Barton (Juniors), or Mr Morrissey, the Head teacher are happy to help if the concern cannot be resolved. Rosemary Chapman, our Family Support Worker can also offer help about parenting related concerns.
Whilst we strive to provide an outstanding education for all the children we do have procedures in place in case there are complaints by parents or carers. These obligations date from 1 st September 2003 under section 29 of the Education Act 2002, which requires all schools to have in place a procedure to deal with complaints relating to their school and to any community facilities or services that the school provides. A copy of the complaints procedure is available on our school website. A copy is also available upon request from the school office.
Respect - In my assemblies this week I have spoken to the children about respect. I have emphasised the importance of speaking to others, especially adults, respectfully at all times. I reminded the children that however upset or angry they may feel this is not an excuse to be rude to others. I hope this is something parents and carers can support the school with.
Thrilling Football - Well done to the football team who drew 2:2 in a thrilling match against Cawston during the week. The team played really well and were a credit to the school. A big thank you to Mr Sutcliffe for giving of his time to prepare and organise the team. The team have another match this Monday, 14th March (at school) against Bilton Junior School.
School surveys - It is really useful to hear parent/carer views on school matters. Such feedback helps us in our work to continually improve the education and outcomes for children at the school. We have two current surveys in the surveys section of our school app.
School dates - A reminder that the school will close next Friday, 18th March 2016 (at the usual time) for the Easter holidays. School will reopen on Monday, 4th April 2016 (at the usual time). Please note that the school will also be closed on 27th May 2016 for teacher training. The school will not be closed for polling on May 5th or June 23rd 2016. Thank you.
Non Uniform - Next Thursday, 17th March 2016 is a non uniform day. Children are asked to bring in a chocolate egg for the FOLLs Easter Bingo, which is on later that day.
STARS OF THE WEEK
Star workers - Layla Mason, Romeo Szczepanczyk, Ugochi Anozie, Skyla Coulson, Jake Furniss, Maisie Walters, Bestly Azogu, Evie Wilson, Chimdalu Anozie, Dylan Duffy, Leo Daniels, Emma Greer, Agata Borowiec, Toby Burwell, Khiye Noor, William Higham, Sobigan Ramasethu.
Star people - Kayun Gardner, Zachary Sanders, Mia Walsh, Lily Fleming, Tegan Ainge, Dane Burrell, Ethan Tapp, Nicola Hubar, Imogen Mason, Markus Burrell, Harrishan Sivaraj, Gabriella Brownhill, Emily Harrison, Izzy Berry, Owen Webb, Karl Morris, Laura Rosinska.
WELL DONE TO THEM ALL
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Finding aid for the Gerald R. Ford photographs and memorabilia Collection 243
Describing Archives: A Content Standard
This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on March 29, 2022. Description is written in: Undetermined.
Grand Rapids History Center
URL: https://www.grpl.org/research/history/
111 Library Street NE Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503 [email protected]
Table of Contents
Series VI. Ford's Life in Review ............................................................................................... 23
Finding aid for the Gerald R. Ford photographs and memorabilia Collection 243
Timelines ................................................................................................................................ 23
Miscellaneous Gerald R. Ford items ...................................................................................... 24
Summary Information
^ Return to Table of Contents
Repository: Grand Rapids History Center
Title:
Gerald R. Ford photographs and memorabilia
ID: Collection 243
Date [inclusive]: circa 1915-2006
Physical
Description:
6.7 Linear Feet Nine boxes
Language of the Material:
English .
Abstract:
Gerald R. Ford (1913-2006) was the 38th President of the United States. A former resident of Grand Rapids and East Grand Rapids, Michigan, Ford served as a member of the House of Representatives for the 5th District of Michigan from 1949 to 1973. This collection contains reference material for general use related to Ford. Included are letters, photographs, speeches and memorabilia. The library does not widely collect original Gerald R. Ford documents, as these are primarily held by other institutions, such as the Ford Museum, the Gerald R. Ford Library at the University of Michigan or the Library of Congress and the National Archives.
Biographical / Historical
Born Leslie Lynch King, Jr., Ford was renamed for his stepfather after the remarriage of his mother, Dorothy Ayer Gardner, to Gerald R. Ford, Sr., a businessman from Grand Rapids. Gerald R. Ford, Jr. noted his step father as a guiding influence in his life.
Gerald R. Ford (July 14, 1913 to Dec. 26, 2006), 38th President of the United States from Aug. 9, 1974 to Jan. 20, 1977, was a former resident of Grand Rapids and East Grand Rapids, Michigan. Ford served as a member of the House of Representatives for the 5th District of Michigan from 1949 to 1973, participating on numerous committees and obtaining the position of Minority Leader of the House. Perhaps Grand Rapids most famous former resident, his life and history is well documented in resources found in many libraries and archives throughout the country.
Fortieth Vice President (1973-1974), Thirty Eighth President (1974-1977)
The only Vice President or President of the United States to serve without being elected, he occupied the Vice Presidency after Spiro Agnew left office and the Presidency after Richard Nixon left office, both under troubling circumstances. It is generally considered that Ford lost his own bid for the Presidency during the 1976 election largely due to his pardoning of Nixon following on the Watergate scandal.
^
Included in Ford's many projects in support of Grand Rapids was his key role in the Vanderberg Center Sculpture Project. This started with a handwritten letter to Ford from Nancy Mulnix (See Coll. 001), and resulted in the placement of the Alexander Calder monumental sculpture, La Grande Vitesse, in downtown Grand Rapids. Ford assisted in getting National Endowment for the Arts funding for this project for Grand Rapids, the first such use of these funds for a public sculpture project. Ford had originally been politically opposed to the creation of the Endowment. Later, returning to Grand Rapids as President, Ford was presented with a replica of La Grande Vitesse by then Mayor Lyman Parks. The image of Ford with this miniature was captured by the national news, a symbol of Grand Rapids and Ford's support for Grand Rapids. (See Pictorial History of Grand Rapids, pg. 62) The Gerald R. Ford International Airport in Grand Rapids was named for Ford in December 1999.
Return to Table of Contents
Scope and Contents
The focus of the collecting of Gerald R. Ford related materials at the Grand Rapids Public Library is to provide information on his life here in Grand Rapids and to provide basic access to general historical information on Ford to our public library users. Thus, items in this collection, as well as other materials, such as the South High school yearbook during Ford's attendance there, are valued for the Ford association. Also, several books and periodicals in the Grand Rapids History & Special Collections department, as well as the library's circulating collections, document Ford's life.
^
As a U.S. President, Gerald R. Ford is well documented in libraries and museums throughout the country. In particular, in Grand Rapids the Ford Museum provides access to information on Ford's life and presidency. Other libraries which provide in-depth information on Ford are the Gerald R. Ford Library at the University of Michigan and the Library of Congress.
This small collection collocates various small accessions of Ford related materials, which have been mostly been solicited to provide basic historical information on Ford, and his relationship to Grand Rapids. Several of these items have come from the Ford Museum.
Return to Table of Contents
Administrative Information
Grand Rapids History Center
Publication Statement
111 Library Street NE Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503 [email protected]
Immediate Source of Acquisition
URL: https://www.grpl.org/research/history/
Material acquired from library purchases, staff donations and various and unknown donors. Accession numbers 1987.006, 1986.333, P1982.001, 2003.006.
^ Return to Table of Contents
Related Materials
Coll. 001, Nancy Mulnix Tweddale papers: Regarding Ford in connection with the Alexander Calder stabile La Grande Vitesse.
Related Materials
Coll. 049. William Glenn collection: letter to William M. Glenn signed by Jerry Ford (S11); photograph with Ford and signed by him (S12)
Coll. 84, Furniture Manufacturer's Association: correspondence and photographs
Coll. 75, Thomas Walsh papers: early photo of Gerald Ford, signed.
Coll. 125, Robinson Studio Collection: various images, including #125-H005934.1-2. Ford Voting Sept. 14, 1948, when a candidate for the U.S. House. #125-H-005935 contains images from the Ford wedding in 1948 #125-H-005936.1-2 11/10/1949 Includes Jerry and Betty together. #125-C038140.1 WZZM-TV. 10-19-1962. Ford with Station manager and electronic equipment.
Coll. 149, Emily Deming: correspondence (S12) and photographs
Coll. 175, GRPL Moving Images: several moving images with content related to Gerald R. Ford.
Coll. 247/175 (UDVD1): Pres. Gerald R. Ford interview [[on the Vietnam War]
Coll. 216, GRPL Ephemera Collection: Republican Congressional Cook Book, with best wishes from your Congressman, Gerald R. Ford.
Coll. 253, Kay Clark Grand Rapids Dance Collection: includes Calla Travis Dance Studio
Coll. 262, Lydens Story of Grand Rapids: The biography cads in the Lydens card file series materials with Betty Bloomer as student or instructor.
Coll. 263, GRPL Small Manuscript Collection
Coll. 285, Michigan and Grand Rapids serials: includes Your Washington Review by Congressman Jerry Ford, 1969-1973
Coll. 269, Art of Paul Collins, Art Reference Collection: Collins created the mural at the Gerald R. Ford International Airport.
Coll 312, Kiwanis Club scrapbooks: letter to William L. Bennett, signed by Ford (S11)
Coll 326, Milhaupt - DaBakey Colorama Studio: contains images of Ford, sometimes also related to a newspaper article.
Coll 316, Grand Rapids High Schools: yearbooks for South High School, 50th Anniversary booklet for the Class of 1931
^ Return to Table of Contents
Controlled Access Headings
* Michigan -- Politics and government
* Politicians -- Michigan -- Biography
* Ford, Gerald R
* Ford, Betty
* Grand Rapids (Mich.) -- History
Collection Inventory
Series I. Ford the Youth
Title/Description
Subseries A. Publications
America, Grand Rapids, Michigan. 1982. c. 2 P2003.006
Title/Description
Subseries B. Clippings
Anne Bloomer"
Title/Description
Subseries C. Realia
West Michigan Shores Council. Boy Scout Uniform patch.
Folder 2.5
Subseries D. Photographs
[1995 or later] P2007.003
Instances
Instances
Instances
Box 2
Ford's youth. Copy Photo Set.
One set of b/w copy photos, source unidentified. Typed sheet called "Captions" lists 20 photos, with #19 missing from this set.
Scope and Contents
Title/Description
Instances team, 1929
Photocopies of the photos.
Box 3
Folder 1.5
Includes those above with the same numbering, which appear to show the images mounted, perhaps in an album. The photocopied set has the same numbering, but contains images not included in the copy photo set above. The Quality of the photocopies is poor. Numbers for unique images include H-19-1 & H-19-3, H-21-2, H-22-3, H-22-2 (not legible), H-26-2, H-27-4, H-30-4, H-35-4, also H-54-1 missing from above.
Scope and Contents
Ford Boyhood Homes
1924
1924
General
William Skougis was the owner of Bill's Place, the restaurant where Gerald R. Ford worked when Ford was a high school student.
^ Return to Table of Contents
Series II. Pre-Presidential Era (1948-1974).
Website Documents
Subseries A. Representative Ford (1948-1972)
Title/Description
Instances
Box 2
Folder 4
Images
"Gerald R. Ford and the Political Reform Movement in Grand Rapids". Bentley Historical Library, Univ. of Michigan. Suggested Research Topics.
Family picture Christmas cards.
Holiday Season and in the New York.
Title/Description
Ephemera
Program. Lincoln Day Dinner. Feb. 18, 1971, Civic
Instances
Auditorium. Image of Jerry Ford and Robert P. Griffin
(U.S. Senator) on the front. P2008.024
Box 2
Folder 6.5
[2022.026], 1965
Postcards
Rep. Gerald R. Ford. Fifth District, Michigan.
Box 2
Folder 7
2007.016
Robinson Studio Collection.
Reference photocopies of photos in Coll. 125.
General
Subseries B. Vice President Ford. Fortieth Vice President (1973-1974)
Rapids with Mamie and Ike Eisenhower, Oct. 1, 1952.
Title/Description
Instances
1973-1974 / Reprinted from Mark O. Hatfield, with the Senate Historical Office … Washington : U.S. GPO, 1997. Internet document. 00.[2806].1
Vice Presidents of the United States : Gerald R. Ford,
Box 2
Folder 8
P2005.040.13
^
sale at $395.00.
Return to Table of Contents
Physical Education Center. Nov. 1, 1976. Includes the
President, Lumen Winter, Duncan Littlefair, Gerald Elliott,
and others on the program. 00.[2898].2
letters. Usage unknown. 2009.052
Title/Description
Subseries C. Postcards
Greetings from the Seventies : when Jerry Ford was
Instances everyone's favorite accident-prone unelected President!
Subseries D. Periodicals & Newspapers
[postcard] P2003.003c
Grand Rapids Press.
Aug. 9, 1974. Section A. "Ford Becomes President"
Title/Description
2006.042
Title/Description
Time Magazine.
27603
Title/Description
Subseries E. Publications
Box 2
Instances
Box 4
Instances
Box 2
Folder 12
Folder 13
[Exhibit catalog] Gerald R. Ford : a man in perspective :
Instances as portrayed in the Gerald R. Ford Mural / by Paul
Box 2
Folder 13.5
Gerald R. Ford : Presidential perspectives from the National Archives / NARA, 1994.
Collins. G.R. : Eerdmans, 1976. 00.[0590].1
Title/Description
Instances c. 2 P2005.040.
Box 2
Folder 14.1
| Speech Transcripts | |
|---|---|
| Title/Description | Instances |
from Ford Museum)
Subseries G. Photographs
Title/Description
"Official"? Presidential Photos.
Instances
"Gerald R. Ford". With lots of red/white & blue. http://
www.ford.utexas.edu/avproj/portrait.htm (accessed 04/19/2018)
04/19/2018)
U.S. Army musical groups. Color, n.d.
Slides. White House era?
Title/Description
Instances
Army Herald Trumpets
^ Return to Table of Contents
Series IV. Former President Ford
Title/Description
Subseries A. Documents & Ephemera
Rapids. Dec. 30, 1980. RE Report. 2005.040.11a
Box 3
Instances
Folder 14
Copies 1-3. P2007.014.1-3, Copy 4. 00.[5311].1
Various manuscript items for Ford Museum Dedication, Apr. 16, 1997.
U.S. Army Chorus
Box 2
Folder 17
Biographies
James Earl Carter, Jr. Jan. 1997
Box 2
Folder 17
Celebration on the Grand : a great week for Grand Rapids. G.R. : GR Press, 1981.
Celebration on the Grand, Sept. 1981.
Box 4
Oversized items.
Wonderland section, Sept. 13, 1981. 2008.073
Grand Rapids Magazine
Subseries B. Periodicals
v. 19, no. 9, Sept. 1981.
Grand Rapids Press Clippings
Box 2
Folder 20
Physical Location: See microfilm holdings for articles
Few Get a Sneak Previous of Museum" Sept. 15, 1981
Ford Museum event
Subseries C. Images, including Photographs, slides, etc.
Title/Description
Instances
Interior, near corner windows in sunny climate.
General
Verso: Official Photograph. The White House, Washington. 18SE81C4194-21A (From the Reagan White House era)
fountain, people. Museum sticker on verso.
Title/Description
Other Post Presidential Images
Summer 1981 Ford receives life membership in 40 & 8 American Legion Honor Society at G.R. Airport.
Instances
Scope and Contents
Box 3
Folder 13
8x10 b/w Ford, with men in hats. Verso: Jack Britfus (donor of Photo) Harold Stoddard, Fred Roshalsky(?), Tom Walsh, G.R. Ford, Robt. Blett, Ben Reitberg.
04/18/2018).
^ Return to Table of Contents
Series V. Ford's Death & Funeral.
Title/Description
Ephemera
2007 Calendar. In Memoriam of President Gerald
Ford Library 2008.038
R. Ford. Paid for by the Michigan Republican Party.
Www.migop.org Calendar photos courtesy of Gerald R.
Card from U.S. Capitol Lying in State. Dec.30-31, 2006
Card from Ford Museum Lying in State.
and Jan. 1, 2007. 2008.007 2010.029
Title/Description c.2-3 2009.024 (2)
c. 1
Letter from the city of East Grand Rapids to residents with
Episcopal Church.
map, Dec. 29, 2006. RE effect of Ford Funeral service
(Jan. 3, 2006) on access to their homes near the Grace
Select Webpages
Title/Description
Photographs
Instances
Box 5
Box 5
Instances
Box 5
Box 5
Box 5
Box 5
Ford Funeral Motorcade to Grace Episcopal Church on
Instances
Breton Ave. at Argentina. Jan, 3, 2006 / Tom Wilson,
Box 5
Remembering President Gerald R. Ford : 21 Jet Salute. Jan. 4, 2007.
photographer. (2 color) 2007.004.2
Title/Description
Instances
Image of the jets taken at the time of Ford's Funeral
Storytelling Pictures, 2007. P2007.026 Moving
Box 5
information.
services in Grand Rapids, Michigan. See accompanying
Periodicals
Title/Description
Michigan Bar Journal.
Instances
Jan. 2007. pg. 8-9, "A Special Tribute" / Naseem Stecker, + pg. 14, President's Page. "Gerald R. Ford, Accidental Hero" / Kimberly M. Cahill. Has image of Ford on cover.
Box 5
| Michigan History Magazine | |
|---|---|
| Title/Description | Instances |
Title/Description
Newsweek
Jan. 8, 2007. Ford cover, with Saddam Hussein cameo
Instances image. 2007.004.3
Box 5
Grand Rapids Press Newspapers, 2006/2007.
Commemorative Issues. "Gerald R. Ford, 1913-2006"
Grand Rapids Press. Master Set
Box 6.5
Title/Description
Instances
(13 issues)
Advance Newspapers
Other Cities Clippings
New York Times, Jan. 3, 2007 2007.004.3
Box 6
^ Return to Table of Contents
Series VI. Ford's Life in Review
Betty Ford 6 pages.
| Timelines | |
|---|---|
| Title/Description | Instances |
Thin Ice : Coming of Age in Grand Rapids / edited by Reinder Van Til and Gordon Olson. G.R. : Eerdmans, 2007. 2007.103
pg. 89. The times of My Life / Betty Ford.
Box 7
ProQuest. Grand Rapids Press Articles.
We Remember Gerald R. Ford, 1913-2006.
Extraordinary Circumstances : the Presidency of Gerald R. Ford / David Hume Kennerly Austin, Texas : Univ. of Texas, Center for American History, 2007.
& signs.
Title/Description
Instances
2008.002
Postcards
U.S. Postal Service. Postcard for Gerald R. Ford $.41
Title/Description stamp, 2007. First Day of Issue Ceremony, Ford Museum.
^
[Ford U.S. Postal stamp] 00.[5524].1
Return to Table of Contents
Series VII. Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous Gerald R. Ford items
2017.084
Box unknown
Instances
^ Return to Table of Contents
Gerald R. Ford campaign materials, circa 1970. 2017.084 Box 10
Folder 1
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William DeCoursey 2003-05-14 Statistics and Probability for Engineering Applications provides a complete discussion of all the major topics typically covered in a college engineering statistics course. This textbook minimizes the derivations and mathematical theory, focusing instead on the information and techniques most needed and used in engineering applications. It is filled with practical techniques directly applicable on the job. Written by an experienced industry engineer and statistics professor, this book makes learning statistical methods easier for today's student. This book can be read sequentially like a normal textbook, but it is designed to be used as a
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Contains hundreds of solved problems and case studies, using real data sets * Avoids unnecessary theory
Basic Mechanical Engineering - Basant Agrawal 2008
Special Features: · Simple language, point-wise descriptions in easy steps.· Chapter organization in exact agreement with sequence of syllabus.· Simple line diagrams.· Concepts supported by ample number of solved examples and illustrations.· Pedagogy in tune with examination pattern of RGTU.· Large number of Practice problems.· Model Question Papers About The Book: This book is designed to suit the core engineering course on basic mechanical engineering offered to first year students of all engineering colleges in Madhya Pradesh. This book meets the syllabus requirements of Basic Mechanical Engineering and has been written for the first year students (all branches) of BE Degree course of RGPV Bhopal affiliated Engineering
Institutes. A number of illustrations have been used to explain and clarify the subject matter. Numerous solved examples are presented to make understanding the content of the book easy. Objective type questions have been provided at the end of each chapter to help the students to quickly review the concepts.
Annual Report of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station -
Pennsylvania State College. Agricultural Experiment Station 1908
Report - Pennsylvania State University 1908
Basic Coastal Engineering -
Robert Sorensen 2013-03-14 In the 20 years since publication of the first edition of this book there have been a number of significant changes in the practice of coastal engineering. This new edition has been completely rewritten to reflect these changes as well as to make other improvements to the material presented in the original text. _ Basic Coastal
Engineering is an introductory text on wave mechanics and coastal processes along with the fundamentals of the practice of coa~tal engi neering. This book was written for a senior or first postgraduate course in coastal engineering. It is also suitable for self study by anyone having a basic engineering or physical science background. The level of coverage does not require a math or fluid mechanics background beyond that presented in a typical undergraduate civil or mechanical engineering curriculum. The material presented in this text is based on the author's lecture notes from a one-semester course at Virginia Pol ytechnic Institute, Texas A&M University, and George Washington University, and a senior elective course at Lehigh University. The text contains examples to demonstrate the various analysis techniques that are presented and each chapter (except the first and last) has a collection of problems for the
reader to solve that further demonstrate and expand upon the text material. Chapter 1 briefly describes the coastal environment and introduces the rela tively new field of coastal engineering. The Kansas Engineer - 1920
Geotechnical Engineering Education and Training - I
Antonescu 2020-09-10 This volume contains papers and reports from the Conference held in Romania, June 2000. The book covers many topics, for example, place, role and content of geotechnical engineering in civil, environmental and earthquake engineering.
Colorado Engineers' Magazine - 1912
The Alumni Quarterly and Fortnightly Notes of the University of Illinois - 1917
The Michigan Technic - 1952
Host Bibliographic Record for Boundwith Item Barcode 30112114004432 and Others - 1907
Basics of Civil Engineering
-
Dr. Mukul Burghate Engineering has been an aspect of life since the beginnings of human existence. The earliest practice of civil engineering may have commenced between 4000 and 2000 BC in ancient Egypt, the Indus Valley civilization, and Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq) when humans started to abandon a nomadic existence, creating a need for the construction of shelter. During this time, transportation became increasingly important leading to the development of the wheel and sailing. Civil engineering is the application of physical and scientific principles for solving the problems of society, and its history is intricately linked to advances in the understanding of physics and mathematics throughout history. Because civil engineering is a broad profession, including several specialized sub-disciplines, its history is linked to knowledge of structures, materials science, geography, geology, soils, hydrology, environmental
science, mechanics, project management, and other fields. Throughout ancient and medieval history most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans, such as stonemasons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder. Knowledge was retained in guilds and seldom supplanted by advances. Structures, roads, and infrastructure that existed were repetitive, and increases in scale were incremental. The purpose of this textbook is to present an introduction to the subject of Basics of Civil Engineering of Bachelor of Engineering ( BE) Semester - I. The book contains the syllabus from basics of the subjects going into the intricacies of the subjects. Students are now required to solve minimum Four ( 4 ) Assignments based on the Syllabus. Each topic is followed by Assignment Questions which now forms the compulsory part of internal assessment. All the concepts have been explained with relevant examples and diagrams to make i t
interesting for the readers. An attempt is made here by the experts of TMC to assist the students by way of providing Study text as per the curriculum with non commercial considerations. We owe to many websites and their free contents; we would like to specially acknowledge contents of website www. wikipedia. com and various authors whose writings formed the basis for this book. We acknowledge our thanks to them. At the end we would l ike to say that there is always a room for improvement in whatever we do. We would appreciate any suggestions regarding this study material f rom the readers so that the contents can be made more interesting and meaningful. Readers can email their queries and doubts to [email protected]. We shall be glad to help you immediately. Dr. Mukul Burghate Author eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction - Z. Turk 2002-01-01
This is a comprehensive review
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of research related to construction informatics, with a particular focus on the related 5th framework EU projects on product and process technology and the implementation of the new economy technologies and business models in the construction industry.
Basic Coastal Engineering Robert M. Sorensen 2010-10-12
The second edition (1997) of this text was a completely rewritten version of the original text Basic Coastal Engineering published in 1978. This third edition makes several corrections, improvements and additions to the second edition. Basic Coastal Engineering is an introductory text on wave mechanics and coastal processes along with fundamentals that underline the practice of coastal engineering. This book was written for a senior or first postgraduate course in coastal engineering. It is also suitable for self study by anyone having a basic engineering or physical science background. The level
of coverage does not require a math or fluid mechanics background beyond that presented in a typical undergraduate civil or mechanical engineering curriculum. The material psented in this text is based on the author's lecture notes from a one-semester course at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Texas A&M University, and George Washington University, and a senior elective course at Lehigh University. The text contains examples to demonstrate the various analysis techniques that are presented and each chapter (except the first and last) has a collection of problems for the reader to solve that further demonstrate and expand upon the text material. Chapter 1 briefly describes the coastal environment and introduces the re- tively new field of coastal engineering. Chapter 2 describes the two-dimensional characteristics of surface waves and presents the smallamplitude wave theory to support this description.
MATH 221 FIRST Semester Calculus - Sigurd Angenent
2014-11-26
MATH 221 FIRST Semester CalculusBy Sigurd Angenent Basic Civil Engineering - Dr. B.C. Punmia 2003-05
European Scientific Notes 1984
S. Chand's Basics of Civil
Engineering (For B.E. 1st Semester of RTM University, Nagpur) - Dhale Shrikrishna A. & Tajne Kiran M. 2013 Basics of Civil Engineering is considered is considered as one of the basic subjects for all the engineering students of all branches. The contents of this book are framed in such a way that will be useful to the technocrates who are working on the administrative positions to deal with the basic knowledge of civil engineering. Official Documents, Comprising the Department and Other Reports Made to the Governor, Senate, and House of Representatives of Pennsylvania - Pennsylvania
1909
Basic Civil Engineering (For First Year Engineering Degree Students Of Rajiv Gandhi Technical & Guru Ghasi Das Universities) - S.
Ramamrutham 2004-01-01
Basic Mechanical Engineering - Anup Goel
2021-01-01
Mechanical engineering, as its name suggests, deals with the mechanics of operation of mechanical systems. This is the branch of engineering which includes design, manufacturing, analysis and maintenance of mechanical systems. It combines engineering physics and mathematics principles with material science to design, analyse, manufacture and maintain mechanical systems. This book covers the field requires an understanding of core areas including thermodynamics, material science, manufacturing, energy conversion systems, power transmission systems and mechanisms. My hope is that this book, through its careful explanations of concepts,
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practical examples and figures bridges the gap between knowledge and proper application of that knowledge. Basic Civil Engineering - M. S. Palanichamy 2005
Civil Engineering Learning Technology - R. M. Lloyd 1999 The field of civil engineering offers specific challenges to the higher education sector. Civil engineerings blend of management design and analysis requires people with a combination of academic and experimental knowledge and skill-based abilities.This volume brings together papers by leading practitioners in the field of learning technology, within the discipline of civil engineering, to facilitate the sharing of experience, knowledge and expertise. Report of the Board of Trustees of the Agricultural College of Pennsylvania - Agricultural College of Pennsylvania. Board of Trustees 1908
Catalogue - Loyola University of Chicago 1917
Engineering Fundamentals: An Introduction to
Engineering, SI Edition Saeed Moaveni 2011-01-01 Specifically designed as an introduction to the exciting world of engineering, ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING encourages students to become engineers and prepares them with a solid foundation in the fundamental principles and physical laws. The book begins with a discovery of what engineers do as well as an inside look into the various areas of specialization. An explanation on good study habits and what it takes to succeed is included as well as an introduction to design and problem solving, communication, and ethics. Once this foundation is established, the book moves on to the basic physical concepts and laws that students will encounter regularly. The framework of this text teaches students that engineers apply physical and chemical laws and principles as well as
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mathematics to design, test, and supervise the production of millions of parts, products, and services that people use every day. By gaining problem solving skills and an understanding of fundamental principles, students are on their way to becoming analytical, detail-oriented, and creative engineers. Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version.
Basic Coastal Engineering -
Robert M. Sorensen 2006-03-28
The second edition (1997) of this text was a completely rewritten version of the original text Basic Coastal Engineering published in 1978. This third edition makes several corrections, improvements and additions to the second edition. Basic Coastal Engineering is an introductory text on wave mechanics and coastal processes along with fundamentals that underline the practice of coastal engineering. This book was
written for a senior or first postgraduate course in coastal engineering. It is also suitable for self study by anyone having a basic engineering or physical science background. The level of coverage does not require a math or fluid mechanics background beyond that presented in a typical undergraduate civil or mechanical engineering curriculum. The material psented in this text is based on the author's lecture notes from a one-semester course at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Texas A&M University, and George Washington University, and a senior elective course at Lehigh University. The text contains examples to demonstrate the various analysis techniques that are presented and each chapter (except the first and last) has a collection of problems for the reader to solve that further demonstrate and expand upon the text material. Chapter 1 briefly describes the coastal environment and introduces the re- tively new field of
coastal engineering. Chapter 2 describes the two-dimensional characteristics of surface waves and presents the smallamplitude wave theory to support this description. The Alumni Quarterly and Fortnightly Notes - 1919
Basic Civil Engineering - S. S. Bhavikatti 2019
Viscoelasticity — Basic Theory and Applications to Concrete Structures -
Guillermo J. Creus 2012-12-06 This book contains notes for a one-semester graduate course which is an introduction to the study of viscoelasticity and creep of concrete. Emphasis was set on the conceptual aspects rather than on the mathematical or computational refinements. The mathematical structure of viscoelasticity is discussed with some care because it clarifies the basic concepts and has important consequences in computa tional applications. Basic ideas are exemplified using the simplest problems and constitutive models in order to be able to show complete
solutions. In the computational applications we have also chosen to present the sim plest situations with the greatest possible detail. It has been the author's experience that once the basic concepts are well understood the students are able to follow the rest of the course more easily and to accede to more advanced literature and applications. Chapters I to III furnish the foundations for the course, that may be expanded in diverse ways. If we are interested in finite elements applications we should look at Chapter IV and then go direct ly to Chapter VII. If we are interested in the simplified analysis of frame structures we should study Chapter VI in detail. Chapter V re views the viscoelastic behavior of concrete and Chapter VIII studies the problem of creep buckling. At the end of each chapter we give se lected references to works that complete and extend the subject matter. Secretarial Notes - National Association of Student
Personnel Administrators (U.S.)
The Cornell Civil Engineer 1926
Includes transactions of the Association.
Annual Report of the Pennsylvania State College for the Year ... - Pennsylvania State College 1908
Basic Civil Engineering -
Satheesh Gopi 2009-09 Basic Civil Engineering is designed to enrich the preliminary conceptual knowledge about civil engineering to the students of non-civil branches of engineering. The coverage includes materials for construction, building construction, basic surveying and other major topics like environmental engineering, geo-technical engineering, transport traffic and urban engineering, irrigation & water supply engineering and CAD. Lecture Notes - Joseph Nisbet Le Conte 1913
Official Documents, Comprising the Department and Other Reports Made to the Governor, Senate and House of Representatives of Pennsylvania - 1909
Basic civil and mechanical engineering - G. Shanmugam 2000
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Published on Digital Agenda for Europe (https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda)
Home > Car accident? Call 112! > Car accident? Call 112!
Car accident? Call 112!
Published by Newsroom Editor on 18/07/2013
[1]
Witnessed a car accident? Call 112 anywhere in the EU for free!
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Source URL: https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/news/car-accident-call-112
Links
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[2] https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/112
[3] https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/newsroom/all/audiovisual
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IPAR
Public Assessment Report for a
Medicinal Product for Human Use
Scientific Discussion
Medispray oromucosal spray, solution Chlorhexidine digluconate 2 mg/ml Lidocaine hydrochloride 0.5 mg/ml LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE Chlorhexidine digluconate solution PA0126/300/001
The Public Assessment Report reflects the scientific conclusion reached by the Health Products Regulatory Authority (HPRA) at the end of the evaluation process and provides a summary of the grounds for approval of a marketing authorisation for a specific medicinal product for human use. It is made available by the HPRA for information to the public, after deletion of commercially sensitive information. The legal basis for its creation and availability is contained in Article 21 of Directive 2001/83/EC, as amended. It is a concise document which highlights the main parts of the documentation submitted by the applicant and the scientific evaluation carried out by the HPRA leading to the approval of the medicinal product for marketing in Ireland.
CONTENTS
I.INTRODUCTION
II.QUALITY ASPECTS
III.NON-CLINICALASPECTS
IV.CLINICAL ASPECTS
V.OVERALL CONCLUSION AND BENEFIT-RISK ASSESSMENT
VI.REVISION DATE
VII.UPDATE
I. INTRODUCTION
Based on the review of the data on quality, safety and efficacy, the HPRA has granted a marketing authorisation for Medispray Oromucosal Spray, Solution containing chlorhexidine digluconate 2 mg/ml, lidocaine hydrochloride 0.5 mg/ml from Clonmel healthcare on 25 th March 2022 for:
the symptomatic relief of painful, irritated sore throats.
It is a sugar free preparation and can be used by patients with diabetes.
Additional therapy is required in the event of bacterial infection accompanied by fever.
Medispray is indicated for use in adults, adolescents and children over 12y.
This is a well-established use national application, as per Article 10a of Directive 2001/83/EC.
This product will not be subject to prescription.
The Summary of Product Characteristics for (SmPC) for this medicinal product is available on the HPRA's website at www.hpra.ie
II. QUALITY ASPECTS
II.1. Introduction
This application is for Medispray Oromucosal Spray, Solution, Chlorhexidine digluconate 2 mg/ml, Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5 mg/ml.
II.2 Drug substance
The active substances are Chlorhexidine Digluconate and Lidocaine Hydrochloride. These are both established active substances which are described in the European Pharmacopoeia and are manufactured in accordance with the principles of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP).
The active substance specifications are considered adequate to control the quality and meet current pharmacopoeial requirements. Batch analytical data demonstrating compliance with these specifications has been provided.
II.3 Medicinal product
P.1 Composition
Composition of the medicinal product
The excipients in the medicinal product are listed in section 6.1 of the SmPC.
A visual description of the product is included in section 3 of the SmPC.
P.2 Pharmaceutical Development
The product is an established pharmaceutical form and its development is adequately described in accordance with the relevant European guidelines.
P.3 Manufacture of the Product
The product is manufactured in accordance with the principles of good manufacturing practice at suitably qualified manufacturing sites.
The manufacturing process has been validated according to relevant European/ICH guidelines and the process is considered to be sufficiently validated.
P.4 Control of Other Substances
All ingredients comply with Ph. Eur. or are adequately controlled by the manufacturer's specifications.
P.5 Control of Finished Product
The Finished Product Specification is based on the pharmacopoeial monograph for the dosage form (Oromucosal sprays), and the tests and control limits are considered appropriate for this type of product.
The analytical methods used are described in sufficient detail and are supported by validation data.
Batch analytical data for a number of batches from the proposed production site(s) have been provided, and demonstrate the ability of the manufacturer to produce batches of finished product of consistent quality.
P.6 Packaging material
The approved packaging for this product is described in section 6.5 of the SmPC.
Evidence has been provided that the packaging complies with Ph. Eur./EU legislation for use with foodstuffs requirements.
P.7 Stability of the Finished Product
Stability data on the finished product in the proposed packaging have been provided in accordance with EU guidelines and support the shelf-life and storage conditions listed in sections 6.3 and 6.4 of the SmPC.
II.4 Discussion on Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Aspects
The important quality characteristics of the product are well-defined and controlled. Satisfactory chemical and pharmaceutical documentation has been provided, assuring consistent quality of Medispray Oromucosal Spray, Solution, Chlorhexidine digluconate 2 mg/ml, Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5 mg/ml.
III. NON-CLINICAL ASPECTS
III.1 Introduction
This application for a marketing authorisation was submitted in accordance with Article 10a of Directive 2001/83/EC as amended, a well-established use application. Chlorhexidine and lidocaine have well-established use within the European Union for more than ten years, demonstrating a recognised efficacy and safety profile. A non-clinical overview has been provided, it is based on relevant published literature and written by an appropriately qualified person. Overview based on literature review is, thus, appropriate. A brief summary of the literature submitted is provided below:
III.2 Pharmacology
Chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine is a commonly used disinfectant and topical antiseptic agent. In vitro tests confirmed the value of chlorhexidine in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections such as sore throat. It has bactericidal activity on bacteria considered to be pathogenic in the upper respiratory tract.
Chlorhexidine shows also some antiviral activity in relation to the influenza A virus (H1N1).
Lidocaine
Lidocaine hydrochloride is a local anaesthetic of the amide type. Lidocaine i.v. is used as an antiarrhythmic. Lidocaine, like other local anaesthetics, blocks conduction of nerve endings impulses in a reversible way by interfering with processes fundamental to generation of nerve action potential, namely, large transient increase in permeability of membrane to sodium ions that is produced by slight depolarisation of membrane
III.3 Pharmacokinetics
Chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine is virtually not absorbed when administered topically. Minute amounts are detected in the urine of laboratory animals. LD50 varies from 21 mg/kg (rat i.v.) to 5000 mg/kg (rat oral). Subchronic toxicity showed minimal dermal irritation (erythema, oedema, desquamation and/or fissuring) at the lowest dose tested.
Lidocaine
From observations in rabbits administered lidocaine HCl i.v. and portally, a first pass hepatic elimination of approximately 30% could be calculated. The fraction of rectal venous drainage bypassing the portal circulation and thus hepatic metabolism is about 40%. In the rabbit, the hepatic first pass effect for lidocaine can be avoided by administering the compound via the rectum. Intrinsic clearance of lidocaine was consistently reduced in the dog after repeated administration.
III.4 Toxicology
Chlorhexidine
No observable malformations or developmental toxicity were found at any dose level tested. Mutagenic effects were not observed in two mammalian in vivo mutagenesis studies evaluating chlorhexidine gluconate. No carcinogenicity has been reported with chlorhexidine during long-term toxicity studies in rats.
Lidocaine
LD50 varies from 19.5 mg/kg (mouse i.v.) to 317 mg/kg (rat oral). Lidocaine showed neurotoxicity to sensory neurons, resulting from a direct action on sensory neurons, and that a lidocaine-induced increase in intracellular Ca 2+ is a mechanism of lidocaine-induced neuronal toxicity. Lidocaine is less cardiotoxic than bupivacaine. The neurotoxic effects observed after a continuous intrathecal infusion were dose related. No significant effects were observed in offspring of SD rats administered lidocaine. Lidocaine did not show any mutagenicity. Lidocaine effectively inhibited the invasive ability of human cancer cells at concentrations used in surgical operations.
III.5 Ecotoxicity/environmental risk assessment
The active substances, chlorhexidine and lidocaine hydrochloride are not PBT substances.
Chlorhexidine and lidocaine are not expected to pose a risk to the environment.
III.6 Discussion on the non-clinical aspects
Chlorhexidine digluconate and lidocaine hydrochloride have been in well-established use within the European Union for more than 10 years, demonstrating a recognised efficacy and safety profile. An abridged dossier was submitted in accordance with Article 10a of Council Directive 2001/83/EEC as amended. No new nonclinical studies were submitted. The non-clinical evidence in support of this application is based on relevant published scientific literature which is appropriate. An environmental risk assessment was submitted and no environmental concerns are apparent.
IV. CLINICAL ASPECTS
IV.1 Introduction
This application for marketing authorization is presented in bibliographical format under Article 10 a of Directive 2001/83/CE, the applicant does not have to provide the results of further toxicological or pharmacological tests, as it has been clearly demonstrated from the existing literature that the medicinal product in question has an established and extensively medical use for more than a 10-year period.
The HPRA has been assured that GCP standards were followed in an appropriate manner in the studies conducted.
IV.2 Pharmacokinetics
Small amounts may enter the digestive system if some of the Medispray solution or saliva is swallowed.
Chlorhexidine
Absorption
In oral or topical use, absorption of chlorhexidine is insignificant. In topical use on intact skin, chlorhexidine is adsorbed on the outside layers of the skin, providing long-term antimicrobial effect. After rinsing the oral cavity, approximately 30% of chlorhexidine is retained, which is then slowly released into the saliva. In view of the insignicicant bioavailability of chlorhexidine after oral or topical administration, the following elements are just for information.
Distribution
Chlorhexidine tightly binds to saliva proteins. It was shown that chlorhexidine is stable in the oral cavity for at least 9 h and high concentrations of the drug (2 μg/ml total) are still present in saliva even after 8 h from mouth rinsing.
Biotransformation
Chlorhexidine is not accumulated in the body and is only minimally metabolised.
Elimination
In a case of ingestion of a massive dose (300 mg) of chlorhexidine gluconate, approximately 90 % was excreted in faeces via biliary routes and less than 1 % was eliminated into urine.
Lidocaine
Absorption
Lidocaine absorption varies, depending on the site and the method of use. It is quickly resorbed from the digestive organs, mucous membranes and through damaged skin. In healty adults, no detectable plasma lidocaine levels were noted after use of a 2 % mouth rinse. Children and immune impaired adults do resorb lidocaine from the oral mucosa into the plasma. The levels were approximately 0,2 micrograms/ml but the toxic plasma concentration is 5 micrograms/ml. The anaesthetic effect is limited to the surface and does not extend to the submucosal structures.
Distribution
Lidocaine is distributed well in the tissues (kidneys, lungs, liver, heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue).
Lidocaine passes through the blood-brain barrier and placenta and into mother's milk.
Biotransformation
It is metabolised during the first pass through the liver and the bioavailability is about 35 % after oral administration. 90 % isdeethylated in the liver to monoethylglycinexylide and glycinexylide. Both primary metabolites are pharmacologically active. Further cleavage of the amide bonds forms the metabolites xylidine and 4-hydroxyxylidine.
Elimination
Lidocaine is eliminated in the form of metabolites through the kidneys. Approximately 10% is eliminated unchanged. The biological half life of lidocaine is one and a half to two hours in adults. The biological half life of the primary metabolites is two to ten hours.
IV.3 Pharmacodynamics
No new data on primary and secondary pharmacodynamics are included in the present application.
Lidocaine hydrochlorideis a local peripheral anesthetic of the amide group, which has a superficial analgesic effect. Lidocaine as a local anaesthetic has the same mechanism of action as other medicines from this group in that it prevents generation and
conduction of nerve impulses in sensoric, motoric and autonomous nerves. It primarily affects the cell membrane where it blocks the ion channels and thereby reduces the permeability of sodium ions. Due to the progressive propagation of the anaesthetic effect in the nerve, the electric stimulation threshold is increased, impulse conduction is slowed down and the propagation of the action potential is contracted. Finally, the conductivity is interrupted completely. In principle, local anaesthetics block autonomous nerve fibres, small non-myelinated (sensation of pain) and small myelinated (sensation of pain and temperature), more quickly than large myelinated fibres (sensation of touch and pressure). On a molecular level, lidocaine specifically blocks sodium ion channels in the inactive state, thereby preventing the formation of an action potential. This mechanism prevents the conduction of stimuli when lidocaine is used locally in the vicinity of nerves.
Chlorhexidine is a bisbiguanide cationic antiseptic. It is effective against Gram-positive (e.g. Micrococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Bacillus sp.) and to a lesser extent against Gram-negative bacteria, especially in the vegetative form (it is not effective against spores at normal temperature). It also has an antimycotic effect on dermatophytes and fungi. It quickly inactivates the infectiousness of certain lipophilic viruses (influenza virus, herpes virus, HIV). In smaller concentrations, it has a bacteriostatic effect, while in larger concentrations, it functions as a bactericide. The chlorhexidine molecule has a strong positive charge, and therefore adsorbs to the negatively charged areas on the cell surface. The adsorption is specific and takes place in special parts of the bacterial cell wall containing phosphates. This damages the cell membrane, increasing permeability. It is also adsorbed onto the surfaces of the teeth, plaque or the oral mucosa, thereby persisting in the oral cavity. The effectiveness of antiseptics and disinfectants depends on the concentration, temperature and exposure time.
IV.4 Clinical Efficacy
This is a well-established application, as per Article 10a of Directive 2001/83/EC which is based on a systematic review of the literature. The applicant did not have to provide the results of further toxicological or pharmacological tests, as it has been clearly demonstrated from the existing literature that the medicinal product in question has an established and extensively medical use for more than a 10-year period.
The applicant provided a detailed clinical overview outlining that the active substances and the formula have a very well established medical use with recognized efficacy in adults, adolescents and children over 12y. The data related to the clinical properties are chlorhexidine digluconate and lidocaine hydrochloride are collected from and based upon a careful and extensive literature search.This product is comparable to several analogous products combining a local anaesthetic and an antiseptic currently marketed in the European Community for more than 10 years.
Medispray oromucosal spray is indicated for : the symptomatic relief of painful, irritated sore throats. It is a sugar free preparation and can be used by patients with diabetes. Additional therapy is required in the event of bacterial infection accompanied by fever. Medispray is indicated for use in adults, adolescents and children over 12y.
The claimed therapeutic indications for Medispray Oromucosal Spray, Solution containing chlorhexidine digluconate 2 mg/ml, lidocaine hydrochloride 0.5 mg/ml are consistent with the spectrum of activity reported in standard references and published literature and also with the currently established clinical use of the drug.
The proposed dosing regimen is based on the posology of the products long-time present on European markets and are considered effective and safe.
IV.5 Clinical Safety
The applicant provided a detailed clinical overview demonstrating that the active substances have a very well established safety profile. No new safety concerns were found in the safety data submitted in support of the present application.
Please see the product information for the full prescribing safety information.
Risk Management Plan
Risk Management Plan version 0.3, with date of final sign off of 17/01/2018 is considered acceptable. The approved summary of safety concerns is outlined below:
Routine pharmacovigilance and routine risk minimisation measures are proposed and this is considered acceptable.
Periodic Safety Update Report (PSUR):
The PSURs should be submitted in accordance with the requirements set out in the list of Union reference dates (EURD list) provided under Article 107c (7) of Directive 2001/83/EC and published on the European medicines web-portal.
IV.6 Discussion on the clinical aspects
The applicant has submitted sufficient published scientific literature results to support 10 years of use of Medispray Oromucosal Spray, Solution containing chlorhexidine digluconate 2 mg/ml, lidocaine hydrochloride 0.5 mg/ml for this well -established use application.
V. OVERALL CONCLUSIONS
The MAH has provided written confirmation that systems and services are in place to ensure compliance with their pharmacovigilance obligations.
The HPRA, on the basis of the data submitted, considered that Medispray Oromucosal Spray, Solution demonstrated adequate evidence of efficacy for the approved indication as well as a satisfactory risk/benefit profile and therefore granted a marketing authorisation.
VI. REVISION DATE
VII. UPDATES
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Build a Watershed - GRADE FIVE
CA Science Framework (p.228-252)
GRADE FIVE INSTRUCTIONAL SEGMENT 3: INTERACTING EARTH SYSTEMS
Guiding Questions
* How can we represent systems as complicated as the entire planet?
* Where does my tap water come from and where does it go?
* How much water do we need to live, to irrigate plants? How much water do we have?
* What can we do to protect Earth's resources?
Performance Expectations
Students who demonstrate understanding can do the following:
5-ESS2-1. Develop a model using an example to describe ways the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and/or atmosphere interact [Clarification Statement: The geosphere, hydrosphere (including ice), atmosphere, and biosphere are each a system and each system is a part of the whole Earth System (CA) Examples could include the influence of the ocean on ecosystems, landform shape, and climate; the influence of the atmosphere on landforms and ecosystems through weather and climate; and the influence of mountain ranges on winds and clouds in the atmosphere. The geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere are each a system ] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to the interactions of two systems at a time.]
5-ESS2-2. Describe and graph the amounts and percentages of water and fresh water in various reservoirs to provide evidence about the distribution of water on Earth [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to oceans, lakes, rivers, glaciers, ground water, and polar ice caps, and does not include the atmosphere.]
5-ESS3-1. Obtain and combine information about ways individual communities use science ideas to protect the Earth's resources and environment
3–5-ETS1-1. Define a simple design problem reflecting a need or a want that includes specified criteria for success and constraints on materials, time, or cost
3–5-ETS1-2. Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet criteria and constraints of the problem
3–5-ETS1-3. Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved
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Post Thawed Quality of Tharparkar Bull Semen Extended in Bioxcell TM and TrisBased Egg Yolk Extenders Supplemented with Vitamin E (α-Tocopherol)
Abdullah Channo 1,2 *, Asmatullah Kaka 1 , Akeel Ahmed Memon 1 , Mool Chand Malhi 3 , Muhammad Bakhsh 4 , Qudratullah Kalwar 5 , Shakeel Ahmed Tunio 6 and Muhammad Ibrahim Panhwar 7
2
1Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70060
3Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70060 4Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang Campus, 35200, UVAS, Lahore
PARC-Arid Zone Research Centre, Umerkot, Sindh
5Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Sakrand, 67210
7Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Production Technology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Sakrand, 67210
6Department of Livestock Management, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70060
ABSTRACT
The study was designed to determine the effect of Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) supplimentation into BIOXcell TM and Tris based egg yolk extender on post-thawed quality of Tharparkar cattle bull semen. The research was carried out at Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agricultural University Tandojam. In this study four fertile Tharparkar bulls (A, B, C and D) having age of 4-5 years were used. A total of 52 (n=13) ejaculates were collected with the help of artificial vagina, after the collection macroscopic (color, volume and pH) and microscopic (motility, morphology, viability, concentration and membrane integrity) parameters were observed. The samples having motility, morphology, viability and membrane integrity ≥70% were pooled and processed. Pooled semen samples were divided into four groups and diluted with Tris, Tris+Vitamin E(α-tocopherol) and BIOXcell TM , BIOXcell TM +Vitamin E (α-tocopherol). Post-thawed assessment of motility, morphology, viability and membrane integrity with BIOXcell TM + Vitamin E(α-tocopherol) (58.31±0.86, 76.22±1.04, 71.27±1.44, 64.68±1.43) showed improved quality parameters as compared to Tris+ Vitamin E(αTocopherol) (48.68±0.68, 64.45±1.54, 66.22±1.75, 58.25±1.08), BIOXcell TM (45.72±0.53, 67.45±0.84, 64.72±1.67, 56.63±1.39) and Tris (43.54±0.49, 64.68±0.80, 65.18±1.33, 54.41±1.36). On the basis of in vitro results BIOXcell TM +Vitamin E(α-tocopherol) showed improved post-thawed quality parameters and it was used for artificial insemination. A total of 20 animals were synchronized at Bhens colony; Ghumanrabad with one injection prostaglandin (PGF2α) protocol and 13 animals showed estrus and were inseminated. Meanwhile, 8 were found pregnant through rectal palpation with a pregnancy rate of 61.53%.
Article Information Received 23 May 2022 Revised 20 April 2023 Accepted 16 May 2023 Available online 21 July 2023 (early access) Published 16 July 2024
Authors' Contribution AC and AK conceptualized and leaded original manuscript writeup. AAM guided and helped in revision of research article. MB, QK, SAT and MIP helped in the writeup of material and method.
Key words
Tharparkar bull semen, Reactive oxygen species, Cryopreservation, Vitamin E (α-tocopherol), Thawing, Post thaw
* Corresponding author: [email protected] 0030-9923/2024/0005-2157 $ 9.00/0
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Copyright 2024 by the authors. Licensee Zoological Society of Pakistan.
INTRODUCTION
Livestock plays a pivotal role in the social and economic development of Pakistan. Livestock is the most important sector of agriculture. It contributes up to 60.1 % in the agricultural value added and about 11.7 % to the gross domestic product (GDP) of Pakistan during 2020-21, Moreover total livestock population in Pakistan
is 213.1 million heads including cattle 51.5 million (GOP, 2020-21). Cattle belong to the family Bovidae. Cattle were originated from Bostaurus or humpless cattle (Europe) and Bosindicus or humped cattle (Indo-Pakistan), The cattle breeds of Pakistan are Red Sindhi, Bhagnari, Sahiwal, Dhanni, Kankrej, Rojhan, Lohani, Cholistani, Dajal and Tharparkar (Farooq et al., 2013).Tharparkar is a lyrehorned breed that originated from the Thar Desert (Chand, 2011; Memon et al., 2022). It is one of the main breeds which is found in the Thar Desert mainly located in the India-Pakistan border,It is considered a dual purpose breed utilized as a draught and milking animal (Godara et al., 2015). Meanwhile, it has been blessed with the capabilities of heat tolerant, tick resistant, disease-resistant and a stable aboriginal indigenous breed.Tharparkar breed is producing approximately 5-10 L of milk per day and round about 1135-2000 L of milk per lactation (Choudhary et al., 2018).
BIOXcell TM is a commercial lecithin based extender. However, it has been used in many studies on exotic breeds but in Tharparkar cattle it's merely not used. Moreover, it has positive effects on the cryopreservation of semen so there was a dire need to study the effect of BIOXcell TM extender in Tharparkar cattle bull semen. BIOXcell TM has merits in case of lower sanitary risks, its chemically defined and ready to use meanwhile its commercially available (Akhter et al., 2010). The process of cryopreservations also leads to various intracellular changes which results in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are indirect cause of reduced reproductive capacity, DNA damage, increased membrane permeability. ROS damages plasma membranes and DNA molecules in the
Extenders are used for conservation, preservation and extension of semen. Moreover, extenders are also used to prevent different types of damages while processing, storage and shipping of semen. During the last 40 years, different extenders have been used for the evaluation of spermatozoa during cooling and post-thawing. Egg yolk-based semen diluents are readily used for the cryopreservation of semen (Apu et al., 2012; Emamverdi et al., 2014). Different components are combined for the preparation of semen extenders, such that they own all properties which have capabilities to protect the life of spermatozoa during extension at ambient environment and cryopreservation. It must be isotonic (maintain osmotic pressure) (280-310 mOsm/kg), maintain pH, cold shock defense, act as a source of energy (spermatozoa metabolism), antimicrobial, protect during cooled and post thawing and able to preserve sperm fertility for the long time duration (Raheja et al., 2018). Tris-based egg yolk extender is used for the extension of semen though it is a mixture of a substance having cryoprotectant properties. With long time storage, it shows qualities of a great stabilizing agent with constant results (Apu et al., 2012; Emamverdi et al., 2014).
sperm and other cells. High levels of superoxide ions, peroxynitrates hydrogen peroxide, harm the components of cells such as membrane lipids, organelles, proteins and DNA. To overcome ROS antioxidants are added, Vitamin E is the main antioxidant sited within the biological membranes that perform a key role in defending from lipid peroxidation. α-tocopherol breaks the chain reactions of lipid peroxidation but the mechanism of donation of a hydrogen atom from its phenolic hydroxyl group to lipid peroxyl radical resulting in the creation of stable lipid hydroperoxide and unreactive tocopheroxyl radicals. The antioxidant property of vitamin E can improve the postthawed traits of spermatozoa and could improve male fertility. Vitamin E has the antioxidant property that supports sperm against ROS damage (Almbro et al., 2011). The addition of antioxidant agents in semen extenders improves sperm longevity, individual motility, progressive motility and viability (Aminipour et al., 2013). Though cattle bull semen has a natural defense system against the ROS but that is not enough to prevent sperm against changes in decrease and increase in the temperature during the process of cryopreservation (Nichi et al., 2006; Khan et al., 2021). Artificial insemination and estrus synchronization are the techniques that provide opportunities to control the estrus cycle and reproductive management in bovines (Senger, 2005; Lijalem et al., 2015). For estrus synchronization, it is necessary to have cyclic cows with proper nutrition, good body condition scores (BCS) and high-quality semen (Lamb, 2012; Gizaw and Dima, 2016). There were several studies available on crypreservation but few were reported on indigenous Tharparkar cattle bull semen. Therefore, this study was designed with a hypothesis that supplementation of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) into BIOXcell TM and Trisbased egg yolk extender would enhance the post-thawed quality of Tharparkar cattle bull semen.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was carried out at Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agricultural University Tandojam. In this study four fertile Tharparkar bulls (A, B, C and D) having age of 4-5 years were used. A total of 52 (n=13) ejaculates were collected with the help of artificial vagina, After the collection macroscopic (color, volume and pH) and microscopic (motility, morphology, viability, concentration and membrane integrity) parameters were observed. The samples having motility, morphology, viability and membrane integrity ≥ 70% were pooled and processed. Pooled semen samples were divided into four groups and diluted with Tris, Tris +Vitamin E(αtocopherol) 0.02 Mm/ml and BIOXcell TM , BIOXcell TM + Vitamin E(α-tocopherol) 0.02 Mm/ml.
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The volume of semen was observed through visual examination with the help of a graduated tube. Visual examination was done for judgment of colour however semen was categorized as milky, creamy white and translucent (Kaka et al., 2012). pH of semen was determined by using a digital pH meter (Hanna Company, Instrument number #HI98107, software version v1.01, serial number # HA02122313, Made in Romania).
For the assessment of motility, the semen sample was diluted in normal saline at 1:100. After one drop of diluted sample was taken and put on a pre-warmed slide by applying a cover slip on it. While using (20 xs) underlow magnification Motility was observed. Motility percentage was taken by selecting 100 spermatozoa moving randomly in a straight forward direction. Spermatozoa that were stirring in a backward direction or circle were not counted moreover results were expressed in motility percentage. The sample with 70% motility was processed for further assessment.
The wave motion was assessed on a clean warm dry slide by putting a drop of undiluted semen under low power magnification (10X) with a phase-contrast microscope (Nikon, Germany). The wave sample was recorded and classified as described by Rehman (2012).
The diluted semen were packed into straws (0.25 ml). Moreover, straws were classified as red for BIOXcell TM (control group), white for BIOXcell TM (vitamin 0.2mM), yellow for tris-based egg yolk extender (control group) and blue for tris-based egg yolk extender (vitamin 0.2mM). Semen straws were filled with a manual suction machine. The semen straws were sealed with polyvinyl pyrrolidone powder (PVP). The process of filling and sealing were performed in the cold cabinet to maintain a similar temperature and prevent shock. The equilibration period was completed within 2 h at 5 o C.
The concentration of sperm was assessed with the help of haemocytometer as described by Kaka et al. (2012). As per the standard staining procedure of sperm, morphology was determined as described by (Kaka et al., 2012) and The viability of sperms was recorded as described by Kaka et al. (2012). Hypo osmotic swelling (HOST) test method was used to determine the membrane integrity of fresh semen samples as described by (Kaka et al., 2012).
Glycine 0.2 g, Anhydrous glucose 0.5 g, Taurine 0.005 g, Gentamicin sulphate 0.24 g, Tylosin tartrate 0.33 g, Lincospectin 100 0.383 g, Glycerol 40.2 g, Hydrate of calcium lactate 0.7 g, Soy lecithin 1.5 g, Monohydrate citric acid 2.5 g, Ultrapure water 1000 g (Penitente-Filho et al., 2014).
Freezing was carried out by holding the straws in liquid nitrogen vapors 5 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen for 6 min as described by Kaka et al. (2012). Then the straws were plunged into liquid nitrogen (-196 o C). The frozen semen were stored in liquid nitrogen at least for 24 h and then assessed for post-thaw qualities parameters i.e. motility, morphology, viability and membrane integrity were followed (Rasul et al., 2000; Kaka et al., 2012).
The collected data were subsequently subjected to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Statistics (2006) and LSD was used to determine the difference among means of different groups.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Each semen sample was diluted with Tris-based egg yolk extender Tris 3.81g, Citric acid 1.97g, D (-) fructose 1.25g, egg yolk 20ml, Glycerol 7ml, Pencillin 1000 IU, Streptomycin 1.00 g, Distilled water 100, and BIOXcell TM (IMV technologies, L' Agile, France) as described by Kaka (2015), Tris 2.3 g, Sodium citrate 6.2 g, Potassium chloride 0.8 g, Fructose 1.2 g, Monohydrate lactose 0.8 g,
The results of macroscopic parameters i.e. volume, color, pH and microscopic parameters i.e. wave motion, motility, concentration, morphology, viability and membrane integrity of freshly collected semen from bulls A, B, C and D are depicted in Table I. Results showed a slightly highest (Mean % ± SEM) values of semen from bull D. However, no significant difference (P>0.05) were recorded amongst bulls.
Table I. Characteristics of fresh Tharparkar bull semen (Mean % ± SEM).
a, ab: Values with different superscripts within columns shows significant difference
Table II. Post-thaw assessment of Tharparkar bull semen (Mean % ± SEM) in BIOXcell TM and Tris based egg yolk extender supplemented with and without vitamin E (α-tocopherol).
a, b, c, d value with different superscripts within columns shows significant difference (P<0.05).
Table II represent the (Mean±SEM) post-thaw assessment of semen quality parameters i.e. motility, morphology, viability and membrane integrity in BIOXcell TM and tris based egg yolk extender supplemented with and without vitamin E (α-tocopherol). Improved quality parameters were observed in BIOXcell TM supplemented with vitamin E (α-tocopherol). Moreover, significant difference (P<0.05) was observed among all groups.
48.94±0.83 and 48±1.0. The fluctuation in results might be due to the use of antioxidants at various concentrations and processing techniques. However, Towhidi and Parks (2012); Kaka (2015), Kaka et al. (2015b, 2016) and Yadav et al. (2019) studied motility in BIOXcell TM extender at various concentrations of vitamin E (α-tocopherol).
Table III presents the percentage of conception rate obtained from cows synchronized through one shot prostaglandin and inseminated with Tharparkar bull semen diluted with BIOXcell TM (supplemented with 0.02mm of vitamin E (α-tocopherol).
Table III. Conception rate of cows inseminated with Tharparkar bull semen diluted with BIOXcell TM (supplemented with 0.02mm of vitamin E (α-tocopherol).
Post-thaw morphology of Tharparkar bull semen was also greater in the group of BIOXcell TM supplemented with vitamin E (α-tocopherol) 0.02 Mm/ml. Which obtained results ranging from 76.22±1.04. Current findings agreed with Ansari et al. (2012) and Motemani et al. (2017), 75±3.1 and 75±1.7. However, the value means the value of the present study is higher than the results carried out by Kaka (2015), and Kaka et al. (2015a, b, 2016). Their results were 71.00±1.7, 72±1.2, 70.63±0.54 and 66.25±3.4. The difference in results may be due to processing techniques, the use of extenders with different compositions, or it depends on the use of antioxidants. Meanwhile, the use of various concentrations of antioxidants presents variations in results. Meanwhile, Ansari et al. (2012) and Motemani et al. (2017) studied morphology in BIOXcell TM extender at various concentrations of vitamin E (α-tocopherol).
Post-thaw motility of Tharparkar bull was observed in BIOXcell TM and Tris based egg yolk extender supplemented with and without vitamin E (α-tocopherol) 0.02 Mm/ml. The spermatozoa showed improved post-thaw results in BIOXcell TM supplemented with vitamin E (α-tocopherol) 0.02 Mm/ml, which ranged up to 58.31±0.86 and the results of motility of the current study agreed with the results obtained by Towhidi and Parks (2012), Kaka (2015) and Yadav et al. (2019). Their observed means were 61.67±0.59, 51.50±0.6 and 60.08±0.64. However, the value was lower than the findings observed by Motemani et al. (2017) 64.1±1.6. Meanwhile higher than the observations of Towhidi and Parks (2012), Ansari et al. (2012), and Kaka et al. (2015a, b, 2016), their recorded mean of findings was as 41.4±0.4, 48.54±1.6, 45.5±0.2,
In the last membrane integrity was also highest in group BIOXcell TM supplemented with vitamin E (α-tocopherol) 0.02 mM/ml. The findings were 64.68±1.43. The result of the present study agreed with the results of Motemani et al. (2017), 61.7±1.6 and lower than Kaka (2015), and Kaka et al. (2015a, b), 70.00±2.9, 75±1.6 and 74.84±1.8, respectively. Meanwhile, the value was higher
The highest viability of the current study was also obtained in BIOXcell TM supplemented with vitamin E (α-tocopherol) 0.02 Mm/ml. The obtained result was 71.27±1.44. Meanwhile, the result agreed with studies of Kaka (2015), and Kaka et al. (2015a, b, 2016, 2019). Their recorded values were as 71.75±1.5, 74±1.4, 73.42±0.96, 69.75±2.7 and 69.7±0.33. Value was higher than findings obtained by Towhidi and Parks (2012), Ansari et al. (2012) and Motemani et al. (2017), 45.1±1.4, 61.70±0.25 and 64.1±1.8. The variations in findings may be due use of antioxidants at various concentrations, processing techniques and so on so forth.
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than Ansari et al. (2012), 60.11±2.3. These variations in research findings may be due to variance of management, use of antioxidants at various concentrations and another handling/ processing factors (Sansone et al., 2000).
CONCLUSION
On the basis of the current study, it concluded that BIOXcell TM and Tris-based egg yolk extender supplement with vitamin E (α-tocopherol) showed improved postthawed quality parameters of Tharparkar bull semen.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The Author cordially acknowledges to Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70060 and Supervisor Dr Asmatullah Kaka (Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70060).
Funding
The research was carried out under the project "Optimization cryopreservation Protocol for Indigenous (Thari/ Tharparkar) Cattle Semen" funded by Sindh Agriculture Growth Project, Government of Sindh.
IRB approval
The work was approved by the departmental board of studies (BOS), Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences Sindh Agriculture University on 18th November 2021.
Ethics statement
All procedures in this study were conducted in accordance with approved ethical policies and protocols of SPU and Animal Reproduction Farm under Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tanddojam.
Statement of conflict of interest
The authors have declared no conflict of interest.
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