premises
listlengths 2
2
| conclusion
stringlengths 16
130
| label
stringclasses 1
value |
---|---|---|
[
"Smog also contains particulates.",
"And where there's ozone, there's smog."
] |
ozone contains particulates
|
True
|
[
"Smog also contains particulates.",
"By burning natural gas, the plants produce minimal emissions of sulfur dioxide and particulates."
] |
Smog also contains sulfur dioxide.
|
True
|
[
"Smog also contains particulates.",
"Aerosol is a collection of particulates."
] |
aerosol contributes to smog
|
True
|
[
"Smog also contains particulates.",
"Particulates Particulates are very small or liquid particles in the air."
] |
Smog contains very small or liquid particles in the air.
|
True
|
[
"a beak is used for catching prey by some birds",
"Beaks are in a variety of sizes and shapes, depending on the bird's diet."
] |
A fowls beak can vary in size depending on the prey they eat.
|
True
|
[
"a beak is used for catching prey by some birds",
"Worms are prey for birds."
] |
a beak is used for catching worms by birds
|
True
|
[
"a beak is used for catching prey by some birds",
"Worms are prey for birds."
] |
a beak is used for catching worms by some birds
|
True
|
[
"a beak is used for catching prey by some birds",
"Hunting often at night, caracals depend on stealth to catch prey."
] |
a beak is used for Hunting by some birds
|
True
|
[
"a beak is used for catching prey by some birds",
"All hawks are birds."
] |
a beak is a body part used for catching prey by some hawks
|
True
|
[
"a beak is used for catching prey by some birds",
"Eagles are a big bird."
] |
a beak is used for catching prey by eagles
|
True
|
[
"a beak is used for catching prey by some birds",
"Pelicans are migratory birds."
] |
Pelicans use beaks for catching prey.
|
True
|
[
"a beak is used for catching prey by some birds",
"Anglers catch a wide variety of delicious fish and many eat the fish they catch."
] |
a beak is used for eating fish by some birds
|
True
|
[
"a beak is used for catching prey by some birds",
"Carnivorous birds like hawks, owls and eagles have strong hooked beaks for tearing flesh."
] |
hawks use a beak to catch prey
|
True
|
[
"a beak is used for catching prey by some birds",
"Small prey, like a mouse or vole, is carried back to a feeding perch where it is swallowed whole."
] |
Some birds catch mice using their beak
|
True
|
[
"a beak is used for catching prey by some birds",
"Birds have a beak or a bill."
] |
A bill is used to catch prey by some birds.
|
True
|
[
"a beak is used for catching prey by some birds",
"Beaks and bills Instead of a mouth, birds have a hard beak or bill."
] |
A bill is used for catching prey by some birds.
|
True
|
[
"a beak is used for catching prey by some birds",
"Bird beaks differ in structure and shape depending on the food and feeding techniques of the bird."
] |
structure and shape depends on the food and feeding techniques that are based on catching prey
|
True
|
[
"Neurons transmit nerve impulses to other cells.",
"Nerve impulses travel through the nerve cell as electrical impulses."
] |
neurons transmit electrical impulses to other cells
|
True
|
[
"Neurons transmit nerve impulses to other cells.",
"Nerves send electrical impulses to the muscles."
] |
neurons transmit electricity
|
True
|
[
"Neurons transmit nerve impulses to other cells.",
"Neurons transmit nerve messages."
] |
neurons transmit impulses to cells
|
True
|
[
"Neurons transmit nerve impulses to other cells.",
"Nerve impulses are received by the dendrites."
] |
Neurons transmit to dendrites
|
True
|
[
"Neurons transmit nerve impulses to other cells.",
"Neurons are individaul nerve cells."
] |
individual nerve cells transmit nerve impulses to other cells.
|
True
|
[
"Neurons transmit nerve impulses to other cells.",
"Local anesthetics block nerve impulses."
] |
anesthetics block neuron transmissions
|
True
|
[
"Neurons transmit nerve impulses to other cells.",
"Axons are the structures which transmit a signal from one neuron to another cell."
] |
Neurons send signals from axons to cells
|
True
|
[
"Neurons transmit nerve impulses to other cells.",
"Axons are spiny extensions of neurons that carry brain impulses."
] |
Axons transmit brain impulses to other cells
|
True
|
[
"Neurons transmit nerve impulses to other cells.",
"Neurons are the basic functional unit of the brain."
] |
the basic functional unit of the brain transmit nerve impulses to other cells
|
True
|
[
"Neurons transmit nerve impulses to other cells.",
"Neurons initiate and conduct electrochemical impulses."
] |
neurons transmit electrochemicals
|
True
|
[
"Neurons transmit nerve impulses to other cells.",
"When radio stations transmit, they send out electromagnetic signals in all directions."
] |
Neurons send nerve impulses to other cells.
|
True
|
[
"Bees are naturalized on every continent except Antarctica.",
"Pollen bees have diversified to occupy all habitats, except underwater and in Antarctica."
] |
Bees do not live underwater
|
True
|
[
"Bees are naturalized on every continent except Antarctica.",
"Antarctica's climate is that of a cold desert."
] |
Bees are naturalized on every continent except the cold desert.
|
True
|
[
"Bees are naturalized on every continent except Antarctica.",
"Bees are essential for pollination."
] |
pollination occurs naturally on every continent except Antarctica.
|
True
|
[
"Bees are naturalized on every continent except Antarctica.",
"An ice sheet is a body of ice that covers an entire land mass or continent."
] |
Bees are naturalized on every land mass except Antarctica.
|
True
|
[
"Bees are naturalized on every continent except Antarctica.",
"Bees make honey."
] |
Honey is made on every continent except Antarctica.
|
True
|
[
"Bees are naturalized on every continent except Antarctica.",
"Flowers that are pollinated by bees reflect UV to attract bees."
] |
Flowers pollinated in Antarctica reflect uv for different pollinators than other continents
|
True
|
[
"Bees are naturalized on every continent except Antarctica.",
"Bees are the most important pollinators in nature."
] |
Bees are important pollinators on most continents.
|
True
|
[
"Bees are naturalized on every continent except Antarctica.",
"Climate of the Antarctica Region Antarctica is the coldest continent."
] |
bees are naturalized on every continent except the coldest
|
True
|
[
"Bees are naturalized on every continent except Antarctica.",
"With the onset of cold weather, the bees seek overwintering shelter."
] |
Antarctica is too cold to provide overwintering shelter for some species.
|
True
|
[
"Bees are naturalized on every continent except Antarctica.",
"Climate of the Antarctica Region Antarctica is the coldest continent."
] |
bees are naturalized on every continent except the coldest one.
|
True
|
[
"Bees are naturalized on every continent except Antarctica.",
"Bees are effective pollinators."
] |
pollinators are naturalized on every continent except Antarctica
|
True
|
[
"Antibiotics have no effect on viruses.",
"Bacteria, in contrast to viruses, respond to antibiotic treatment."
] |
Antibiotics have an effect on bacteria
|
True
|
[
"Antibiotics have no effect on viruses.",
"Antibiotics Suspected bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics."
] |
Bacterial infections are not caused by viruses
|
True
|
[
"Antibiotics have no effect on viruses.",
"Antibiotics are designed to kill bacteria."
] |
bacteria and viruses are not related
|
True
|
[
"Antibiotics have no effect on viruses.",
"Where most viruses are DNA, HIV is an RNA virus."
] |
antibiotics have no effect on HIV
|
True
|
[
"Antibiotics have no effect on viruses.",
"Viruses are immune to antibiotics."
] |
viruses are immune to some drugs
|
True
|
[
"Antibiotics have no effect on viruses.",
"Antibiotics are effective against bacteria."
] |
An effective treatment against bacteria has no effect on viruses
|
True
|
[
"Antibiotics have no effect on viruses.",
"Influenza Virus Inluenza virus are negative-strand RNA viruses with a segmented genome."
] |
Antibiotics have no effect on Influenza.
|
True
|
[
"Antibiotics have no effect on viruses.",
"Penicillins are classified as antibiotics ."
] |
Penicillins have no effect on viruses.
|
True
|
[
"Antibiotics have no effect on viruses.",
"Infection with Cyclospora is treatable with antibiotics."
] |
Cyclospora is not a virus
|
True
|
[
"a calculator is used for adding",
"Around 500 BC, the abacus, the first mechanical calculator, was developed."
] |
an abacus is used for adding
|
True
|
[
"a calculator is used for adding",
"Calculator Use an online calculator."
] |
adding can be done online
|
True
|
[
"a calculator is used for adding",
"For each row, form two sums by adding every other number."
] |
A calculator is used for getting sums.
|
True
|
[
"a calculator is used for adding",
"From our Calculators page, click on Financial Calculator."
] |
Financial figures require adding
|
True
|
[
"a calculator is used for adding",
"Unlike that calculator, the abacus is a simple and much-affordable device."
] |
An abacus is used for adding.
|
True
|
[
"a calculator is used for adding",
"Calculation Calculations are made on the timesheet."
] |
Adding can be done on a timesheet
|
True
|
[
"a calculator is used for adding",
"If closing costs are financed, they are added to the base loan amount ."
] |
a calculator is used in finance
|
True
|
[
"a calculator is used for adding",
"Subtraction can also be thought of as adding the opposite."
] |
a calculator is used for subtracting
|
True
|
[
"a calculator is used for adding",
"Calculator performs basic arithmetic, such as addition and subtraction."
] |
arithmetic includes uses for subtraction
|
True
|
[
"Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.",
"Bone cells called osteoblasts add calcium to bones, then osteoclasts pull the calcium out of bones."
] |
fractures need calcium to heal
|
True
|
[
"Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.",
"Bones are made of calcium and protein."
] |
Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new tissue made of calcium and protein.
|
True
|
[
"Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.",
"Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption."
] |
Fractures heal when bones resorb and form new bones
|
True
|
[
"Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.",
"Fractures A fracture is a broken or cracked bone."
] |
Cracked bones heal when osteoclasts form new bone
|
True
|
[
"Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.",
"Pre-osteoclasts float freely in bones' marrow canals and mature into osteoclasts."
] |
The cells that eventually develop the ability to heal fractures are found free floating in bone marrow.
|
True
|
[
"Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.",
"Ligaments attach bones to bones."
] |
fractures heal when osteoclasts form new body parts of the kind that ligaments attach to each other.
|
True
|
[
"Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.",
"Fractures A fracture is a break in the bone."
] |
Breaks in the bone heal when osteoclasts form new bone.
|
True
|
[
"Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.",
"Fractures A fracture is a break in the bone."
] |
bone breaks heal when osteoclasts form new bone
|
True
|
[
"Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.",
"Bones and teeth are made of calcium."
] |
fractures heal when osteoclasts form new calcium structures
|
True
|
[
"Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.",
"Fractures often heal without surgery."
] |
bones heal without surgery
|
True
|
[
"Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.",
"Bone is a living tissue."
] |
Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new living tissue
|
True
|
[
"Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.",
"Fracture means to break."
] |
breaks heal when osteoclasts form new bone
|
True
|
[
"Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.",
"Osteoclasts are specialized cells known to play a key role in bone resorption and bone remodeling."
] |
Healing of fractures requires cells specialized in bone remodeling
|
True
|
[
"Insects spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Locusts are grasshopper-like insects."
] |
locusts spread disease and destroy crops
|
True
|
[
"Insects spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Many insects are seen as pests ."
] |
Pests spread disease and destroy crops.
|
True
|
[
"Insects spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Corn and hay are major crops."
] |
insects spread disease and destroy corn
|
True
|
[
"Insects spread disease and destroy crops.",
"All insects are detrimental to crop production."
] |
insects are bad for food production
|
True
|
[
"Insects spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Insects belong to a group of animals called arthropods."
] |
Some arthropods spread disease and destroy crops.
|
True
|
[
"Insects spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Insects are just part of the Arthropod subdivision."
] |
Arthropods spread disease and destroy crops.
|
True
|
[
"Insects spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Bananas Plantains Citrus crops Citrus crops are evergreen."
] |
Insects spread disease and destroy bananas plantains and citrus.
|
True
|
[
"Insects spread disease and destroy crops.",
"And the industry argues that harvesting helps control the spread of insects and disease."
] |
harvesting helps control destruction of crops
|
True
|
[
"Insects spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Farmers grow substance crops to feed their family as well as to sell for cash."
] |
Insects spread disease and destroy farmer's ability to feed their family.
|
True
|
[
"Insects spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Crops are plants that are grown for food or other uses."
] |
insects destroy plants
|
True
|
[
"Insects spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Locusts are amongst the most dramatic and devastating of the insect pests."
] |
Locusts are amongst the most dramatic and devastating pest, they spread disease and destroy crops.
|
True
|
[
"Insects spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Defoliators -Insects that destroy foliage."
] |
insects are defoliators
|
True
|
[
"Insects spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Locusts are grasshopper-like insects."
] |
Locusts can spread disease and destroy crops.
|
True
|
[
"Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to make sounds.",
"Most male frogs attract mates by giving advertisement calls."
] |
some amphibians use their larynx to attract mates
|
True
|
[
"Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to make sounds.",
"And then again the bull-frog makes quite a different noise."
] |
Frogs have a larynx for different noises
|
True
|
[
"Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to make sounds.",
"Another name for the larynx is the voice box , and it's in the throat."
] |
Frogs make sounds with the larynx which is in the throat.
|
True
|
[
"Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to make sounds.",
"Truth is the sound of one frog croaking."
] |
Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to croak.
|
True
|
[
"Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to make sounds.",
"Similar sounds are made to warn other males frogs that a territory is occupied."
] |
Frogs croak to alert other frogs that is their territory
|
True
|
[
"Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to make sounds.",
"Frogs commonly croak to attract other frogs."
] |
Some amphibians have a larynx to make sounds to attract
|
True
|
[
"Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to make sounds.",
"Many birds, insects, frogs, and mammals communicate by sound."
] |
frogs use a larynx to communicate
|
True
|
[
"Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to make sounds.",
"All frogs are amphibians."
] |
Amphibians have a larynx to make sounds
|
True
|
[
"Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Insects are bees, beetles, and butterflies."
] |
beetles can spread disease and destroy crops.
|
True
|
[
"Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Major crops are corn, peanuts, soybeans and horticultural crops."
] |
Insects can spread disease to things such as corn, peanuts and soybeans.
|
True
|
[
"Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Crops Crops are a farmer's stock in trade."
] |
insects can destroy a farmer's stock in trade
|
True
|
[
"Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Crops are destroyed by locusts and other insects, along with a drought."
] |
Locusts can spread disease and along with a drought destroy crops.
|
True
|
[
"Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Locusts are grasshopper-like insects."
] |
locusts can spread disease and destroy crops
|
True
|
[
"Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Insects are just part of the Arthropod subdivision."
] |
arthropods can spread disease and destroy crops
|
True
|
[
"Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Crop destruction was completed in some sections by grasshoppers."
] |
Insects such as grasshoppers can spread diseases
|
True
|
[
"Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Soybeans are the agricultural crop."
] |
Insects can spread disease and destroy soybeans
|
True
|
[
"Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.",
"Almost the entire banana crop was destroyed."
] |
Insects can spread disease and destroy bananas.
|
True
|
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