mhjiang0408/MAC_Bench · Datasets at Hugging Face

Science

387_6733

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

COVER Science, like the rest of society, has been swept up in the storms caused by social media. This special news section looks at how scientists study and fight mis- and disinformation, how harassment and intimidation have spiked during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how researchers use Twitter to inform the public and share their findings with colleagues. See page 1332. Illustration: Davide Bonazzi/Salzmanart

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COVER Cultural reverence toward tigers (Panthera tigris) has fostered tolerance and permitted coexistence with humans in India. Ecological restoration, socioeconomic policies, and political stability have facilitated the recovery of tigers within their historical range, despite high human densities. This tigress has reclaimed the ancient fort within Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve and made it her home. See page 505. Photo: Yashpal Rathore

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COVER A leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) walking through an alley in Mumbai, India. In human-modified landscapes, mammals move distances that are, on average, one-half to one-third the length of their movements in the wild. Reduced travel distances may have far-reaching consequences for species survival and ecosystem functioning. See page 466. Photo: Nayan Khanolkar/Minden Pictures

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COVER A summer scene in India captures how Earth’s warming climate is pushing the limits of human endurance. Besides straining the body’s ability to cool itself, global warming is fostering the spread of vector- and waterborne diseases and is perhaps bringing other pathogens out of hiding. This special issue examines the threats to human health and how they can be mitigated. See page 1386. Photo: Raj K. Raj/Hindustan Times via Getty Images

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ACS Materials Au

2024_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

Electric-field-induced Joule heating has been employed to transform porous hard carbons into a free-standing monolith consisting of interconnected onion-like carbons. Such macroscopic self-supporting yet porous structures exhibit highly efficient capture of volatile organic compounds, such as toluene, in atmospheric conditions, besides providing a new route for achieving structural interconversions among nanocarbons.

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The modern semiconductor industry highly demands efficient photoresists suitable to EUV nanolithography. Yoon and colleagues synthesized a novel macrocyclic multinuclear tin complex and conducted an in-depth investigation into its photochemical behavior. The photoresist exhibited small line-edge roughness in EUV lithography, underscoring its potential as an efficient EUV photoresist. AI was used in the creation of the cover image.

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Novel therapeutic strategies using gold nanoparticles as gene therapy vectors for the controlled and efficient silence of endogenous microRNAs or messenger RNAs involved in cancer. A universal gene silencing tool based on gold nanoparticles functionalized with DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that effectively silences the specific target (siRNA, miRNA, or gene-specific mRNA) while simultaneously signaling its action via fluorescence emission in cancer cells is of utmost importance for the development of more selective cancer therapies.

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This front cover represents the idea that science should be inclusive. We created a collage in which a face is composed and enriched by incorporating features of various women's faces worldwide. This work is part of the ACS-wide DEIR Cover Art program.

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Crystal Growth & Design

2024_14

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds

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Representation of the X-ray diffraction experiment for a truncated nanocube. The colors of the atom represent the zones with high (red) and low (blue) atomic vibration correlation in the nanocrystal. The white graph is the total scattering pattern, and the red line corresponds to the thermal diffuse scattering contribution to the pattern, where the information of atomic correlation is present.

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Twenty years and 19 volumes of Crystal Growth & Design represented by our first cover and the CGD fashion statements over the years.

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An Fmoc-CF hydrogel incorporated inside a lysozyme crystal is able to protect the enzyme molecules from the radicals generated by X-rays during data collection avoiding local radiation damage (Cryst. Growth Des. 2019, 19, 4229–4233).

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Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling

2025_5

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

The use of Voronoi domain decomposition for the analysis of classical molecular dynamics trajectories permits one to predict the formation of deep eutectic solvents in a series of choline chloride–phenol mixtures. This sentence has been also used as a prompt command by the AI Dall-E 3 to generate the cover. View the article.

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Extracting relevant structures from free energy molecular simulations can be a daunting task. The newly developed FESTA script simplifies this process, offering ease, robustness, and broad compatibility, making "fishing" in the free energy pond both efficient and enjoyable. View the article.

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Cover shows an illustration of collecting targeted information extracted from manuscripts including chemicals, experimental sentences, nanomaterial compositions and morphologies. The statistics of collected information is displayed using a computer visualization tool.

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Graphic from this issue of J. Chem. Inf. Model. The cover presents a collection of images from our special issue on the results from the 2014 Community Structure–Activity Resource (CSAR) benchmark exercises. The CSAR exercise is a blind challenge that affords a prospective test for modern structure-based drug design (SBDD) tools. Using the knowledge gained from CSAR, researchers can refine their modeling protocols to improve the reliability of SBDD to identify active compounds or drug candidates.

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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

2025_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

Graphics from this issue of ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) synthesized from rice straw yields transparent films with distinct structural colors. Amine modification of CNCs significantly improves the electron mobility and current–voltage characteristics. The transreflective property and photoresponsivity of

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Graphics from this issue of ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. It is our vision that, over the next 25 years, innovators around the world will use foundational and methodological advances in Green Chemistry and Green Engineering to transform major sectors of the global economy, ranging from fuels and chemicals, to transportation, agriculture, and water purification and delivery. The next generations of chemists, engineers, and other innovators will use new sets of tools and principles. These tools and principles will need to be integrated into chemistry and engineering education. Building on 25 Years of Green Chemistry and Engineering for a Sustainable Future touches on these topics (DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02484).

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Lower right: Catalytic hydrogenation-esterification, which yields products favorable for subsequent upgrading, will benefit the high-grade utilization of sustainable biomass energy. (See J. Chen, Q. Cai, L. Lu, F. Leng, and S. Wang; DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02366.)

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Nature Nanotechnology

19_12

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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C

Nanotubes under wraps. Cover design by Karen Moore. Article by Nish et al .

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When nanotechnology focuses on COVID-19 Nanotechnology expertise and tools provide valuable contributions to the development of therapeutic and diagnostic solutions for COVID-19. In this Focus issue, nanotechnologists depict the key roles that nanotechnology plays in preclinical and clinical SARS-CoV-2 research. In COVID-19 vaccine development, nanoparticles enable the delivery of antigens, in particular nucleic acids, which are important vaccine candidates currently in clinical trials. Moreover, researchers can build on long-standing expertise in nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery to improve the treatment efficacy of drugs currently repurposed for COVID-19. Nanomaterial-based sensors can be rapidly adapted for the sensitive early diagnosis of COVID-19, and expertise in immunoengineering and cancer vaccine development provides important insight into immune-mediated approaches against COVID-19, as illustrated on the cover, which shows some of the crucial players of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. The time is ripe for nanotechnology to make a real clinical impact. See Florindo et al. Image: Rita Acúrcio, University of Lisbon. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic

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Counting protein subunits in native membrane nanodiscs The cover image depicts the capturing of cellular membranes together with their native environment in the form of nanodiscs using amphipathic copolymers. Imaged by a single-molecule technique, the nanodiscs reveal the oligomeric distribution of membrane proteins. See Walker et al. Credit line: Hannah Wang, Yale University; Cover design: Valentina Monaco.

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Chitosan membrane for hydroxide exchange The image depicts a membrane with 1 nm nanochannels made by crosslinking chitosan molecules with copper ions. The membrane exhibits promising performance for hydroxide exchange applications. See Hu IMAGE: Jiaqi Dai. COVER DESIGN: Amie Fernandez

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Nature Synthesis

3_7

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

A retrosynthetic approach for nanoparticles Retrosynthetic analysis is used for the synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles. The strategy involves the design and synthesis of core–shell nanoparticle precursors which are annealed, giving the desired alloy. See Kar et al. Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Amie Fernandez

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Cyclodextrins through the looking glass The syntheses of mirror-image versions of three naturally occurring cyclodextrins from simple monosaccharide building blocks are reported. The synthetic strategy involves 1,2-cis-L-glucosylation, one-pot glycosylation, and diastereoselective cyclization, providing the cyclo-oligosaccharides in up to half-gram quantities. See Wu et al. Image: Kaili Chien at SHO SHO Design Ltd. Cover design: Amie Fernandez

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MOFs made to order The synthesis of isoreticular zeolite-like MOFs is achieved using a face-directed assembly strategy inspired by architecture techniques. The strategy combines a supermolecular building block approach with the use of various centring structure-directing agents. See Barsukova et al. Image: Aleksandr Sapianik. Cover design: Amie Fernandez

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Conjugated aromatic systems This Focus issue overviews the synthesis and computational study of various conjugated aromatic molecules and polymers as well as their electronic and chemical properties. The incorporation of these molecules and materials in devices or in catalysis is discussed. The cover image depicts the synthesis of polyacene inside the channels of a metal−organic framework. See Kitao et al. Image: Takashi Kitao, Takumi Miura and Takashi Uemura, The University of Tokyo. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.

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JACS Au

2024_10

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

This cover is part of ACS's Diversity & Inclusion Cover Art Series. Read more in the accompanying Editorial entitled “Ladies Are So Essential in Research (LASER).

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This cover art showcases the enhanced catalytic activity of Mo2C for selective hydrogenation of CO2 through metal defects, induced by a combination of carbon support and the carbonization process. These defects facilitate CO desorption with reduced magnetization at the active site and effectively promote surface hydrogen migration by neutralizing the atomic charge.

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Featured on this cover is a novel doping strategy, photoexcitation-assisted molecular doping (PE-MD), which is built upon the familiar mechanism of photoinduced electron transfer. The application of PE-MD to the PDPP4T polymer significantly amplifies its doping level, facilitating efficient thermoelectric conversion for clean energy.

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The membrane-bound phospholipase A1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a potential drug target. PlaF remodels membrane glycerophospholipids, influencing virulence-associated signaling. Medium-chain free fatty acids, products of PlaF action, inhibit its activity. Molecular simulations and free energy computations uncover how fatty acids control PlaF. For this image, an author-made hand drawing was refined with GPT-4.

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Joule

8_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

On the cover: Joule is the home for scale-spanning energy research that plays a key role in the transition to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This issue features a range of articles that reflect themes relevant to COP26, covering fundamental research, technoeconomics, and policy analysis that will enable the realization of net zero this century and help to mitigate the climate crisis. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.

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On the cover: The rising global population is driving increased demand for food production while farmers around the world confront unprecedented challenges due to changing climate conditions. The cover image showcases a prototype electro-agriculture system, which produces food using CO2 as the raw material. As presented by Crandall et al., this approach combines CO2 electrolysis with biological systems to boost food production efficiency. By utilizing acetate generated from CO2 through renewable electricity, electro-agriculture enables the heterotrophic growth of crops, bypassing the efficiency constraints of photosynthesis. Artist/image source: Feng Jiao (Washington University in St. Louis in the United States).

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On the Cover: Hydrogen split from water provides fuel for long-duration energy storage. In this issue of Joule, Dowling et al. find that long-duration energy storage (e.g., power-to-gas-to-power with hydrogen) can make reliable wind-solar-battery electricity systems more affordable. Photograph courtesy of Durk Gardenier.

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On the Cover: The image presents the Science Tower in Graz, Austria, whose top features 1,000 m2 semitransparent dye-sensitized glass panels converting solar energy into electrical energy. In this issue of Joule, Wang et al. (pp. 2065–2075) demonstrate the combination of two judiciously designed organic dyes with a cheap ionic liquid electrolyte offering both high efficiency and outstanding stability. Their findings will greatly benefit this aesthetically attractive photovoltaic technology, whose deployment will contribute to the future supply of renewable energy. Photograph courtesy of H. Glass.

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BDJ Student

31_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

Vol 30 | Issue 1 New Year, new goals, new challenges. BDJ Student helps you meet whatever your goals are with its usual high-quality mix of professional development, careers advice and clinical insight Cover illustration by Cat Sims

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Vol 31 | Issue 1 In this January edition of BDJ Student, our lead article asks - and answers - how to be an ally Cover illustration by Cat Sims

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Vol 31 | Issue 3 As the new semester gets underway, BDJ Student leads on a question many of you have been asking: what does artificial intelligence mean to me as a student? Cover illustration by Cat Sims

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Vol 30 | Issue 2 Stress is a buzz topic around the profession, and not just for the fully-qualified. This issue's feature article considers how best to reflect and de-stress Cover illustration by Cat Sims

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Molecular Cell

85_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

On the cover: This special issue explores emerging ideas about patterns in molecular biology, highlighting connections across different molecular processes and their collective contribution to the function of the cell. The cover shows the patterned organization of DNA and chromatin into higher-order structures superimposed on the fractal architecture of the fiddlehead fern, with chromosome territories enlarging from spores originating in the fern’s leaves. Cover artwork by Sonhita Chakraborty (artbysonhita.com).

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On the cover: This issue of Molecular Cell revisits a core topic: genome stability. The reviews and original research articles provide new insights while also highlighting broader implications and intersections with other cellular mechanisms. In a Voices, we learn about several different perspectives on the connection of DNA repair to immune responses. We hope that you will find inspiration to approach the topic with an open mind and willingness to venture beyond the canonical ways we think about these pathways and mechanisms.

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On the cover: In this Special Issue, we celebrate the 20th Anniversary of Molecular Cell with a collection of Reviews, Perspectives, and Technology Reviews. An underlying theme is the role the journal has played in shaping the direction of molecular biology research and its community. The collection of articles highlights fields that have taken shape over the past 20 years inside the pages of Molecular Cell, as well as fields that are just emerging. These articles are written by researchers who have chosen Molecular Cell as the home for some of their most important advances on these topics.

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On the cover: The artwork, designed by Gianluca Matera and Imma Matera (Tipstudio) and realized by Imma Matera, represents the main findings of the research article from Matera et al. (pp. 629–644) in this issue of Molecular Cell. The central part of the graphic shows an actual porous sponge (OppX RNA in the article) in the process of absorbing RNA molecules (sRNAs such as MicF). The sponging events lead to optimized nutrient transport, artistically realized with pearl chains (oligopeptides) passing through holes (porins). The choice of the background colors were purely based on aesthetic reasons.

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Cancer Cell

42_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

On the cover: Watson et al. integrate multi-omics approaches to investigate how the glioblastoma microenvironment responds to different treatment interventions and discover how treatment-associated fibrosis can protect surviving tumor cells and promote eventual recurrence. This four-part image depicts a mouse glioblastoma with renderings of high-dimensional imaging, single-cell RNA sequencing, mass spectrometry proteomic analysis, and spatial transcriptomics, respectively in clockwise sequence. Credit: Spencer Watson, Anoek Zomer, and Johanna Joyce.

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On the cover: To holistically describe and comprehensively characterize cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment, Bagaev et al. (pp. 845–865) analyzed transcriptomes of over 10,000 cancer patients. This led to the identification of four distinct subtypes of tumor microenvironment that are conserved across 20 different cancers. These four subtypes, depicted in the cover, are strongly associated with prognosis and response to immunotherapy.

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On the cover: The transdifferentiation paths of erythroid precursor cells (EPCs) under the influence of tumor is delineated from Palantir algorithm‐based single-cell transcriptomic trajectory analysis (Long et al., 674–693), and embedded into artwork inspired by Wassily Kandinsky's “Composition 8.” As acquired “organs,” tumors exert a self-beneficial influence on the immune system by hijacking of erythropoiesis for myelopoiesis. Besides exacerbating anemia, CD45+ EPCs transdifferentiation generates myeloid cells that robustly curtail anti‐tumor immunity. Clinically, the abundance of these converted cells predicts immune tolerance in many human tumor types and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. Design and painting by Yijie Hou. Conceptual visualization by Qi-Jing Li and Bo Zhu.

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On the cover: A variety of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subtypes have been reported in the tumor microenvironment, but their exact function has yet to be determined. Here, Nicolas et al. (168–184) show that, in rectal cancer, inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs) are a major determinant of response to chemoradiotherapy, as they are prone to becoming senescent upon treatment, thereby resulting in increased extracellular matrix (ECM) production and therapy resistance. Consistently, preventing iCAFs polarization results in better response to therapy. The cover summarizes how iCAF-enhanced ECM production forms a shield around the tumor to protect it from irradiation (lightning). Cover illustration was designed by Dirk Stähling.

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Accounts of Chemical Research

2024_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

Late-stage halogenation has gained prominence for its role in diversifying and functionalizing complex molecules, including natural products and pharmaceutical intermediates. Recent strategies, characterized by mild conditions, accessible and stable catalysts, and broad functional group tolerance, provide streamlined approaches for the synthesis of halogenated drugs, natural products, and peptides.

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The cover represents a simple alcohol in the background, which is transformed selectively into the functionalized molecule shown in the foreground through a series of CH functionalization reactions of the type discussed in this issue. Concept by Michael Doyle with graphics and design by Lufeng Zou and Amy Phifer. View the article.

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Artificial and hybrid micro- and nanomachines of various shapes and sizes can be employed as active drug delivery vehicles and as active microcleaners in environmental applications. See article by Samuel Sánchez and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00386). Cover art design by Alejandro Posada.

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This cover shows the detailed stacking conformation of two triarylamine molecules and their subsequent growth in functional supramolecular polymers featuring exceptional electronic and photonic transport properties. See article by Nicolas Giuseppone and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00536). Cover art by Mathieu Le Jeune.

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Nature Structural & Molecular Biology

32_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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C

Piwi-directed heterochromatin Panoramix SUMOylation on chromatin connects the piRNA pathway to heterochromatin formation in Drosophila. See Article by Andreev, Yu, et al. Image: Melica73 / Alamy Stock Photo Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic

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NSMB’s 30th anniversary To celebrate Nature Structural & Molecular Biology’s 30th anniversary, our cover features original artwork that was submitted by our reader Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar for our cover competition. See Rebelo-Guiomar and Editorial IMAGE CREDIT: Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar, University of Cambridge. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie

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A chromatin loop in plant immunity Mencia, Arce et al. show that, in Arabidopsis, an inverted-repeat transposon next to the gene that encodes the pathogen receptor EFR forms a rollercoaster-like loop to control chromatin organization, Mencia, Arce et al. show that, in Arabidopsis, an inverted-repeat transposon next to the gene that encodes the pathogen receptor EFR forms a rollercoaster-like loop to control chromatin organization, EFR expression and the plant immune response.EFR expression and the plant immune response. See Mencia, Arce et al. Image credit: Yangang Li / TAO Images Limited / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie

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Structures of human APOBEC3A and an APOBEC3A/3B chimera bound to ssDNA reveal a U-shaped binding mode and provide insight into target selectivity. Cover shows the Moselschleife bei Bremm. Cover art by Erin Dewalt, image from studioworxx / iStock / Getty Images Plus. (p 131, News and Views p 97)

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ACS Central Science

2024_7

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched

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A metal-free layered organic cathode material for lithium-ion batteries intercalates Li+ and stores more energy in a shorter charging time than inorganic incumbents.

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Integration of explainable artificial intelligence (AI) with quantum tunneling technology enables the single-molecule identification of complex carbohydrate anomers and stereoisomers over a dynamic configuration space with accuracy as high as 100%.

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Shown in cartoon form is the key finding described by Yang et al., namely, that electron transfer between two pyrrole-based macrocycles and iodine can be readily controlled through the judicious choice of small molecule “players” and variations in the concentration. This work advances our understanding of fundamentals relevant to energy, catalysis, and molecular electronics.

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Trends in Genetics

40_5

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

Due to their astonishing phenotypic diversity and amenability to genetic analysis and functional experimentation, monkeyflowers provide an excellent platform to probe the molecular mechanisms of phenotypic evolution. In this issue, Yao-Wu Yuan and colleagues discuss various "unusual suspects" for the molecular basis of phenotypic variation, revealed by recent studies in a wide range of organisms including monkeyflowers. Illustration by Bianca T. Ferreira.

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In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.

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In this special issue of Trends in Genetics, we turn the lens on ourselves. The articles this month focus on human genetics, with topics ranging from resources and methods to make the most of the explosion of sequencing data to evolutionary questions about mutation rates and how selection acts through pregnancy.

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This Special Issue of Trends in Genetics covers a range of themes related to organogenesis, from the formation of the central nervous system to the evolution of the insect eye. The articles in this issue highlight the commonalities of organ formation that are shared across species and kingdoms, and provide insight on the mechanisms that underlie organogenesis, including regulation by non-coding RNA and cell expansion driven by polyploidy. Cover image: iStock/kreatiw.

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Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation

2024_16

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_16.png

D

A computational strategy is presented to improve the accuracy of local coupled cluster methods for systems containing first row transition metals. Dynamic correlation-induced orbital relaxation effects were identified as the main error source in local coupled cluster calculations. The cover art features a transition metal complex in the benchmark set.

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The presently introduced HFLD method quantifies noncovalent interactions accurately irrespective of the spin state of the system while providing at the same time important physical insights into their nature. The cover art features a solvated carbene in its triplet state. The solute

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for clinical decision support. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2017, 13, 210–222.

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The viscosity of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) holds significant influence across diverse research applications. Understanding and predicting DES viscosity is crucial for advancing various scientific projects. We developed different machine learning models for the prediction of DESs viscosity using the physics-informed input features, and these models help to accelerate the development of novel DESs.

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ACS Energy Letters

2024_11

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2024_11.png

D

In this Review, we shed light onto the fundamental understanding of the origin of phase instability for both the intrinsic structure and extrinsic factors. We highlight the methodologies used to suppress the undesired phase transitions of formamidinium- and cesium-based halide perovskites with an emphasis on structure–property relationships. The cover image reflects on the delicate nature of these structures under environmental conditions (weak tree, left) and highlights their robustness in their pristine conditions (leafy tree, right).

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Metal halide perovskites are generating enormous excitement for use in both photovoltaic and light-emission applications. The cover art shows the perovskite crystal structure capable of strongly absorbing light to generate electrical power as a solar cell or efficiently generating light emission from electrical power as a light-emitting device. There are still a number of losses in these materials that particularly limit the light-emission processes. Eliminating these loss pathways will lead to photovoltaic and light-emission devices approaching their efficiency limits. Credit: Dr. Matthew T. Klug.

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A collage of perovskite covers featured in previous issues of ACS Energy Letters. To commemorate ten years of perovskite photovoltaics, researchers from around the world tell their own stories and how they became interested in perovskite research. Cover art in the collage appeared on the following covers: Top row, left to right: 2016, 1 (6); 2018, 3 (8); 2017, 2 (5) Middle row, left to right: 2017, 2 (12); 2017, 2 (4); 2017, 2 (11) Bottom row, left to right: 2017, 2 (7); 2018, 3 (9); Suppl. cover art 2019, 4 (1)

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concomitantly formed back-surface electrical-field and reduced surface potential fluctuations reinforce the built-in electric-field and minimize the electron extraction barrier. This work represents a promising strategy to energy-level optimization at the heterojunction interface.

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innovation

5_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/innovation/5_3.png

C

On the cover: The pace of science and technology is accelerating, and the future is arriving quickly. During the great process of reaching the future, the now highly comprehensive and interdisciplinary network of science, so-called “ScienceX” by The Innovation, plays a more important role than ever before. We believe the development of interdisciplinary science and technology concerns our destiny in the coming future.

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On the cover: The sun not only breeds all life, but also brings inexhaustible clean energy to the earth. The development of flexible photovoltaic technology, represented by flexible perovskite solar cells, frees the energy production from the constraints of traditional centralized photovoltaic application scenarios. From spacecraft and curved photovoltaics to wearable devices and IoT sensors, the combination of flexible photovoltaics and advanced technology will realize a more flexible, convenient, and imaginative collection and utilization of solar energy, contributing to a more intelligent and sustainable human society.

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On the cover: Extremophiles are invaluable biological resources, pivotal for unraveling the mysteries of life, revealing the origins and evolution of life on Earth, and exploring extraterrestrial planets. Syntrichia caninervis, a desert moss, exemplifies life's remarkable adaptability to extreme environments. It demonstrates extraordinary desiccation tolerance, capable of losing over 98% of its cellular water content, and can endure −196°C ultra-low temperatures. Additionally, it exhibits exceptional radiation resistance, withstanding doses of more than 5,000 Gy of gamma irradiation. This moss can survive and maintain vitality under simulated Mars conditions. S. caninervis is one of the toughest plants on Earth, offering promising potential as a pioneer species for future Mars colonization and terraforming efforts.

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On the cover: Humans have created civilization, promoting history moving in a spiral. Emerging theories and technologies bring development and prosperity, but with emergent global challenges. Today, we are witnessing the beginning of a new era, which is dominated by artificial intelligence. We have never been as eager for innovation as we are today, in order to explore the future of science.

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ACS Applied Bio Materials

2025_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2025_2.png

D

The cover image depicts a hydrogel for wound healing containing silver nanoparticles produced by gamma irradiation; these nanoparticles act as a shield protecting from any bacteria, while the hydrogel provides a moisture environment for the wound to recover. In one step using gamma irradiation, Ag+ are reduced leading to stabilization of nanosilver but also have hydrogel formation with terminal sterilization. Because of the potential effect of silver nanoparticles crosslinked in between the hydrogel, it leads to a fast wound healing, which makes it possible to identify its mechanisms with cell regeneration.

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The cover image portrays an injectable neutrophilic attractant and antibacterial hydrogel applied to infected wounds. This hydrogel is made of κ-Carrageenan incorporated with octenidine dihydrochloride and chitosan-treated serum. Octenidine, an antiseptic agent, shows antibacterial activity by rupturing the bacterial membrane. Chitosan-treated serum induces migration of fibroblasts and neutrophils into the wounded area. Neutrophils further accelerate bacterial clearance. Fibroblasts facilitate tissue regeneration at the wounded site. This combinatorial effect helps in treating infectious wounds and facilitates the wound healing process.

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The cover image depicts the semiconducting oligomer amphiphiles (OPV-PEG)-based activatable nanoprobes for in vivo imaging of biothiols. OPV-PEG is composed of a hydrophobic semiconducting segment that serves as both the signal source and the sensing moiety for biothiols, and the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains to provide the water-solubility. OPV-PEG can self-assemble with a near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer to emit both NIR fluorescence and afterglow luminescence. In the presence of biothiols in living animals, the NIR fluorescence of this nanoprobe is turned on, but the afterglow signal remains the same, which permits precise tracking of the probe location while detecting biothiols.

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This cover art describes an antibacterial hydrogel material covering wounds on the skin. The hydrogel hosts extracellular vesicles derived from mint leaves. These extracellular vesicles kill the bacteria in the wound site and promote wound healing. The cover art is made with Adobe Firefly.

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Trends in Plant Science

29_14

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_14.png

C

Enormous societal challenges, such as feeding and providing energy for a growing population in a dramatically changing climate, necessitate technological advances in plant science. On pages 303–310 Seung Y. Rhee and colleagues propose that, complementary to the efforts towards understanding the cellular diversity in human brain and immune systems, a Plant Cell Atlas would accelerate discovery in plant science and help solve imminent societal problems. The Plant Cell Atlas would map molecular machineries to cellular and subcellular domains, follow their dynamic movements, and describe their interactions. Cover design by Susanne C. Brink. Image credit: Arabidopsis thaliana embryoes by Fernán Federici and Jim Haseloff.

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The crop selection process has created a genetic bottleneck ultimately restricting breeding output. On pages 42–52 Abdelhafid Bendahmane and colleagues discuss how wild relatives of major crops as well as the so-called “neglected plant” species represent a reservoir of genetic diversity that remains underutilized. Those species could be used as a tool to discover new alleles of agronomical interest or as a target of breeding programs to translate in neglected crops what was discovered in major crops and reciprocally. Cover design by Susanne C. Brink.

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David G. Robinson and colleagues discuss growing doubts about the true role of the common mycorrhizal networks (CMN) connecting the roots of trees in forests. The authors discuss recent work that questions the claim of a substantial carbon transfer from ‘mother trees’ to their offspring and nearby seedlings through the CMN. Current evidence for the ‘mother tree concept’ is inconclusive or absent. The origin of this concept seems to stem from a desire to humanize plant life but can lead to misunderstandings and false interpretations and may eventually harm rather than help the commendable cause of preserving forests. Image credit: Susanne C. Brink (image: abstract metal tree sculpture, highlighting trees as engineering masterpieces of nature; Eisenbaum, https://www.regionalpark-rheinmain.de/portfolio-item/der-eisenbaum/).

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Plants are as adept as animals and humans in reacting effectively to their ever-changing environment. Their ability to learn from experience and to memorize previous experiences in order to optimize fitness allows effective acclimation to environmental stresses and can be considered a form of intelligence. On pages 286–294 Leendert C. van Loon reviews this ‘intelligent behaviour’, the exceptional versatility of plants to deal with their environment. Cover design by Susanne C. Brink. Cover image shows La Primavera by Giuseppe Arcimboldo, 1563, Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Madrid (reproduced with permission).

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NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY

24_10

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_10.png

C

Neutrophil NETs, inspired by the Review on p274. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook

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COVER: SARS-CoV-2 ignites the inflammasome, inspired by the Progress on p694. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook

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Membrane organisers, inspired by the Review on p193. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook

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‘Deciphering TCR signalling’, inspired by the Review on p485 Cover design: Simon Bradbrook

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Nature Biomedical Engineering

8_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_3.png

C

Early cancer diagnosis This focus issue highlights advances in the isolation of cancer biomarkers in blood and in diagnostic or imaging probes for the early detection of cancer. The cover illustrates a lipid-based nanoprobe for the isolation of nanoscale extracellular vesicles (Article; News & Views). Image by Xin Zou, Yuan Wan and Si-Yang Zheng.

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Patient-specific 3D-printed cardiac plugs This issue highlights a personalized cardiovascular occluder made via 3D printing, a cloud-based machine-learning software for the prediction of CRISPR–Cas9 off-target effects, a stem-cell-based approach for the treatment of myocardial infarction, and engineered microbes for cancer chemoprevention. The cover illustrates a 3D-printed personalized occluder for closing the heart’s left atrial appendage so as to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. See Robinson et al. Image: Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Weill Cornell Medicine.

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An immunosuppressive subcutaneous niche for treating ulcerative colitis This issue highlights an injectable zwitterionic gel that can be applied to the tip of insulin-infusion catheters, week-long normoglycaemia in diabetic mice and minipigs via glucose-responsive insulin, subcutaneous biodegradable scaffolds for restimulating the antitumour activity of pre-administered CAR T cells, an injectable subcutaneous colon-specific immune niche for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, subcutaneous neovascularization for the long-term survival of encapsulated islets without immunosuppression, prevention of peri-implant fibrosis by functionally inhibiting skeletal cells expressing the leptin receptor, and the discovery of immunometabolic cues reprogramming the microenvironment around implanted biomaterials. The cover illustrates an injectable subcutaneous colon-specific niche consisting of colon epithelial cells, decellularized colon extracellular matrix and immunosuppressive nanofibres. See Au et al. Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Alex Wing.

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Supramolecular bispecific T cell engagers with controllable disassembly This issue highlights advances in the design of bispecific T cell engagers, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, mineralized bacteria and other cellular as well as molecular immunotherapies for the modulation of the activity of the immune system against cancers and other inflammatory conditions. The cover illustrates the small-molecule-mediated control of the antitumour activity of a supramolecular bispecific T cell engager through its disassembly. See Gong et al. Image: Ningqiang Gong. Cover design: Alex Wing.

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Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

2024_16

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_16.png

A

Anionization artificially modulated to increase electron cloud density and enhance intermolecular forces between amine with carbon dioxide.

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Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).

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: Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: T. Sun et al., “Syngas Conversion to Aromatics over the Co2C‑Based Catalyst and HZSM‑5 via a Tandem System” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00237); W. Peng et al., “Guanidine-Functionalized Amphiphilic Silica Nanoparticles as a Pickering Interfacial Catalyst for Biodiesel Production” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06097); and H. Yang et al., “Highly Efficient Production of 5‑Methoxymethylfurfural from Fructose in Dimethyl Sulfoxide/Amberlyst-15 Catalytic System” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06392).

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Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: J. Li et al., “Porous Metallosalen Hypercrosslinked Ionic Polymers for Cooperative CO2 Cycloaddition Conversion” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05304); A. Ateka et al., “Strategies for the Intensification of CO2 Valorization in the One-Step Dimethyl Ether Synthesis Process” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05749); and Y. Zhang et al., “Efficient SO2 Removal Using a Microporous Metal−Organic Framework with Molecular Sieving Effect” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06040).

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NATURE MEDICINE

30_7

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_7.png

A

Ozone and health In this issue, Achebak et al. quantify the contributions of both national ozone and imported ozone to the ozone-related mortality burden in 35 European countries, showing that most deaths are attributable to imported ozone. The cover highlights the link between high ozone levels and adverse respiratory health outcomes, and depicts examples of primary ozone sources and transboundary transported ozone. See Achebak et al. Image: Mario Ejarque and Albert López, Barcelona Supercomputing Center. Cover design: Marina Spence

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Medicine in the digital age As Nature Medicine celebrates its 25th anniversary, we bring our readers a special Focus on Digital Medicine that highlights the new technologies transforming medicine and healthcare, as well as the related regulatory challenges ahead. See Focus Image credit: Peter Crowther. Cover design: Erin Dewalt

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In 2004, Nature Medicine enters its tenth year of publication, continuing our mission to serve the biomedical research community as the venue for top-flight primary research articles, news and perspectives. The cover image commemorates our anniversary year with a collage of covers spanning our publication history. (Graphic by Lewis Long)

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30th anniversary issue: the Future of Medicine As Nature Medicine turns 30 years old, we will, throughout 2025, be looking at the future of medicine. In this first issue, we turn our attention to next-generation drug discovery. Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth

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Cell Chemical Biology

31_14

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_14.png

A

On the cover: Rana et al. develop the proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) Versortrexate (VSTX), shown in the foreground, as a composite molecule of the antifolate methotrexate (red) and the E3 ligase-targeting small-molecule thalidomide (blue). Once VSTX engages dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) (foreground), it catalyzes DHFR’s proteasome-dependent degradation, depicted as disintegrating images of DHFR. Artwork designed by Darryl Leja and James Inglese.

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On the cover: Exploration of the CUL3KEAP1 E3 ligase for PROTAC-mediated degradation. KEAP1-based PROTACs show activity against human BRD4 and result in species-specific degradation of mouse Fak protein, but not the human FAK. The cover depicts a model of the dimeric CUL3KEAP1 E3 ligase with Ubiquitin charged E2 D1 conjugating enzyme forming ternary complex with BRD4BD2. BRD4BD2 and mFak are about to engage with the ligase, while polyubiquitinated mFak product in the background is ready to be processed by the proteasome resulting in protein degradation. The complex of full-length KEAP1, CUL3, RBX1, E2 D1, and Ubiquitin was assembled by alignment of sub-complexes generated by ColabFold.

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On the cover: After more than 20 years supporting the community of scientists dedicated to research done at the interface of chemistry and biology, we bid farewell to Chemistry & Biology and introduce you to Cell Chemical Biology. We are excited about the new title that clearly reflects our commitment to chemical biology and our alignment with the Cell Press family of journals. We are even more excited about the exceptional science that we will continue to publish, and this special issue highlights some of the areas in which chemical biology has been pushing the limits and reaching for the blue skies.

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On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions. Cover art by Julie Sung.

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Nature Reviews Psychology

3_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_3.png

C

In this Review, Schmid et al. describe the costs and benefits of vaccine mandates and alternative approaches that could promote vaccine uptake. Cover design: David Johnston

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This month we launch a new collection of pieces that highlight ways to improve doctoral education and support graduate student trainees to their fullest potential. Cover design: Jennie Vallis

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In this Review, Fawcett et al. describe intentional and unintentional forgetting in laboratory and real-world settings. Cover design: David Johnston

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In this Review, Gagné et al. describe how self-determination theory can help researchers and practitioners shape the future of work to ensure it meets workers’ psychological needs. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr

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Cell Reports Physical Science

6_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.png

C

On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December 2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for his help in creating this beautiful cover.

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On the Cover: We celebrate our first issue with this eye-catching cover, designed by the Cell Press creative team, representing our first “drop” of papers and signifying the birth of a new journal and our expansion into the fundamental and applied physical sciences.

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On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December 2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for his help in creating this beautiful cover.

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On the cover: This month's issue of Cell Reports Physical Science features a special focus on aggregation induced emission. This collection of papers, published alongside the rest of our great research articles and curated in collaboration with Ben Zhong Tang and Dong Wang, brings together exciting fundamental and applied research from this burgeoning field. Image credit: Dong Wang.

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Precision Chemistry

2024_12

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_12.png

D

The cover for the Special Issues "Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials (Part I)" illustrates the precise growth of non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional single crystals. Humanoid models represent atoms A and B in the lattice, which are guided by the parallel steps. Cover art concept by Guoliang Cui and Xiaozhi Xu.

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This cover art for the Special Issue “Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials” was designed by Xiangfeng Duan of the University of California, Los Angeles and coworkers. It illustrates CuxBi2Se3 nanoplates with systematically tunable Cu doping concentrations, doping sites, and electronic properties as a potential material for future electronics.

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Selective catalysis on metal nanoparticles represents a grand challenge in chemical synthesis. This cover art illustrates how visible-light illumination alters the electronic structures of surface atoms in platinum nanoparticles, promoting the selective synthesis of phenylhydroxylamine from the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. In contrast, the reaction in the dark primarily produces aniline.

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A proline-catalyzed aldol condensation of a glycine Schiff base was developed for the synthesis of α,β-dehydroamino acid derivatives. The synthesized α,β-dehydroamino acid derivatives could be incorporated into peptides not only at the C-terminal but also at the N-terminal.

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val

Trendsin Neurosciences

47_11

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_11.png

D

Our understanding of how the brain works depends on how brain functions like perception, attention, memory, and emotion are conceptualized and defined. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Nicole Rust and Joseph LeDoux highlight the unease that has persisted about these issues in psychology and neuroscience for over a century. Rust and LeDoux also discuss why this underappreciated issue is so challenging. Because getting it right is so crucial, they call for more attention to be drawn to the topic. Cover image by Julia Kuhl, depicting the sleuthing of brain functions by a neuroscientist.

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Humans and animals are intrinsically curious. They explore their environments, even when there is no immediate reward and despite the potential presence of threats. Understanding how curiosity guides exploration is a fundamental question in neuroscience and an important challenge for artificial intelligence. However, research on this topic has been conducted largely separately in the two fields. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Modirshanechi and colleagues discuss recent progress in experimental neuroscience and computational modeling, providing a framework which allows to compare studies from different disciplines using the same language. The cover illustrates a curious rodent driven to explore an infinite, impossible space. Cover art designed by Weronika Reroń.

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The retrosplenial cortex contains neurons such as head direction cells and border cells. It supports diverse functions such as head direction, boundary and landmark encoding, as well as position representation, all of which serve as a basis for navigation. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Martin Stacho and Denise Manahan-Vaughan discuss evidence from rodent and human studies that supports a role for the retrosplenial cortex in spatial navigation, spatial memory, and spatial cognition. The cover features an artistic representation of how, in rodents, the retrosplenial cortex integrates egocentric, allocentric, and path integration information to select salient sensory cues for spatial navigation. This in turn can support place field representations by the hippocampus and the choice of navigation strategy depending on ambient environmental conditions. Cover artwork was created by Denise Manahan-Vaughan.

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The locus coeruleus is a small brainstem nucleus that sends neuromodulatory projections to much of the mammalian brain. As discussed in an Opinion article by Rebecca Jordan in this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, the locus coeruleus has recently been shown to report many types of prediction error, making it a likely site for reporting global model failures: incidences where the brain’s predictions about the environment are strongly violated. The cover image shows a mouse locus coeruleus inside a pupil (an indicator of locus coeruleus activity) monitoring neurons of the brain (represented as triangles, or stars in the sky) for prediction errors. Cover design by Rebecca Jordan; photo credits for the iris image: John M Lund Photography Inc/Getty Images

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ACS Sensors

2024_5

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_5.png

D

This cover and Collection celebrate 10 years of ACS Sensors. View the Editorial.

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The cover illustration depicts a wearable microsensor array for simultaneous multiplexed monitoring of heavy metals in human body fluids. Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Hg ions are chosen as target analytes for detection via electrochemical stripping voltammetry on Au and Bi microelectrodes. Real-time on-body evaluation of heavy metal levels in sweat of human subjects is performed to examine the change in concentrations with time. Image created by Der-Hsien Lien and Hiroki Ota.

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The cover image shows a DMA gas sensor detecting Parkinson's biomarkers, with red MXene nanosheets and yellow Ce ions on the sensor surface. Bubbles represent high humidity, while colored particles depict Ce ion valence states, illustrating enhanced sensitivity and humidity resistance due to the MXene/CeO2 heterojunction and Ce self-refresh mechanism.

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Plasmonic hydrogen sensors are enhanced by using algorithms of phase space reconstruction and convolutional neural networks, achieving high accuracies, and significantly improving response speed, sensitivity, and the limit of detection. This work introduces safe, nonelectronic remote sensing, achieving 0.98 accuracy, with implications for advancing spectrum-based sensors.

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Nature Plants

10_5

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

Wall planner Xa4 is a widely exploited and lasting disease resistance gene in rice breeding. It encodes a cell wall-associated kinase that slightly reduces plant height by partially preventing culm cell elongation. See Nature Plants 3, 17009 (2017). Image: S. Wang Cover Design: L. Heslop

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Shape Shifting How do essentially flat leaves develop their complex curves? Polarity signals produce changes in mechanical properties – related to the methyl-esterification of cell-wall pectins – of cell walls on opposite sides of the leaf. This mechanical heterogeneity is sufficient to create the leaves' asymmetry. See Nature Plants 3, 724–733 (2017). Image: Jiyan Qi. Cover Design: L. Heslop.

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Five years of plant coverage Nature Plants is entering its sixth year and volume. To celebrate our fifth birthday, this issue’s cover looks back at many of the most striking images that we have used for issues over the last five years. See Editorial Cover Design: L. Heslop.

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Beating the bounds Membranes host, modulate and coordinate a multitude of cellular activities. Different proteins are localized to different cell membranes, and domains within them, such as RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN 4, which is found at cell edges and particularly at corners. See Jaillais et al. Image: Liam Elliot, ENS de Lyon. Cover design: Lauren Heslop

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Cell Metabolism

36_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

On the cover: This month we are celebrating Cell’s 50th anniversary by focusing on the exciting metabolic research that Cell Press publishes across its titles. This month’s covers of Cell Metabolism, Cell, and Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, when put side-by-side, form a single image, reflective of the variety of topics on metabolic research that you will find across the three journals and the connections between them. Our cover reflects some of the contents of this issue, spanning from review articles covering human cardiac metabolism (Bornstein et al.) and metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis (Horn and Tacke) to clinical studies on using thermal face imaging to predict aging and disease (Yu, Zhou, Mao et al.). Artwork credit: Sonhita Chakraborty.

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On the cover: In this issue of Cell Metabolism, He et al. reveal a protective effect of acetate against metabolic and cognitive impairments caused by sleep disruption. Inspired by Monet’s famous Water Lilies paintings, a “mitochondrion” boat drifts in a lotus pond full of water lilies (which, in Chinese, symbolize sleeping beauty in water). Two women sit comfortably in the boat, enjoying tea with “acetate.” Their relaxed postures and the harmonious atmosphere suggest that acetate promotes health for individuals suffering from sleep disruption. Artwork by Kehuitang Art Studio.

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On the cover: The current issue marks the 15th anniversary of Cell Metabolism. To highlight the occasion, original artwork was commissioned from the artist Michael Pantuso (https://www.pantusodesign.com/) and shared with the journal. The image reflects the exploration, typically in mouse models, and reporting of strong mechanistic insight into physiology and disease that have been the hallmark of research reports in Cell Metabolism since its inception.

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On the cover: Cell Metabolism is turning ten! We are celebrating a decade of publishing high-quality metabolic research, and for this special anniversary we asked Bang Wong, the artist who drew the inaugural cover in 2005, for his take ten years later. His new cover conceptualizes how, in the last decade, key technical advances have led to the top ten breakthroughs in the metabolism field, with the spiral unravelling the top ten challenges for the years ahead of us. As the artist himself explains, he “carried over the golden spiral as a metaphorical bookend to a decade of transformative advances in metabolic research. As science is a story that continuously unfolds, the descriptions of catalytic techniques and breakthroughs are arrayed uninterrupted with the challenges ahead.” For more details about this cover and the original one, check out our anniversary page at http://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/ten.

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Trends in Pharmacological Sciences

45_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.

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Trends in Pharmacological Sciences will be issuing a series of Science and Society articles, each highlighting a rare disease. The series aims to be a platform that brings an expert's perspective on what he or she thinks is in the future of the therapeutic field of that specific rare disease. On pages 229–236 of this issue, the series starts with two Science & Society articles by Napierala et al. and Gogliotti and Niswender that highlight the rare diseases Friedreich Ataxia and Rett syndrome respectively. The cover of this issue has portraits of children with rare diseases, shared generously by Beyond the Diagnosis – Advancing Medicine through Art. It is designed to reflect the hope that this series will be instrumental in generating discussions within the scientific community that will help further research in finding therapies to rare diseases. Cover image courtesy Beyond the Diagnosis (https://www.beyondthediagnosis.org) and istock/ma_rish.

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In this issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, we are pleased to begin a series of articles that focus on topics that are important to China, and thus, to the greater pharmacological community. These reviews examine key trends in diverse areas of pharmacology, including new tools to study compound chemicals and development of targeted therapies. As we launch this month, we are delighted to bring you a perspective piece on the development of pharmacology in China, written by TiPS Editorial Board Member Ming-Wei Wang with his colleagues Richard D. Ye and Yizhun Zhu. In addition, we invite you to learn more on computational methods for drug design and discovery, especially as they have been applied in China, with a review article from Hualiang Jiang and colleagues. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto.

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Development of protective immune responses relies on a balance between proinflammatory CD4 T helper (Th) cell populations such as Th17 cells and regulatory CD4 T cells (Tregs) that keep immune activation in check. In this issue, Kaul and Schwartzberg discuss the role of interleukin-2–inducible T cell kinase (Itk), which controls the activation of phospholipase C gamma, Ca2+ influx and the activity of the NFAT transcription factor, in regulating the balance between Th17 and Tregs. They also explore the potential of inhibiting Itk as a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases. Dark pink/orange cells are Th17 cells with greater Itk activity and Ca2+ flux. Light pink cell represents a Treg cell with decreased Itk activity and Ca2+ flux. Cover art designed by Alexander Stewart, NIAID using Maxon Cinema4D Software.

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Nature Reviews Bioengineering

2_6

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

Single-cell RNA sequencing techniques and analysis methods can help improve our understanding of tissue injury responses and inform the design of new regenerative biomaterials and therapeutics. See Anna Ruta et al. Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.

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Soft bioelectronic systems can be interfaced with the body for the monitoring of human health and disease. However, motion artefacts caused by body movements or physiological activities can affect signal detection and interpretation in bioelectronic measurements, which can be addressed by various motion artefact management strategies. See Junyi Yin et al. Cover image: Jun Chen. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook

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The motions of the heart are regulated by electrophysiological signals, which can be monitored and altered by bioelectronic devices for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In particular, soft bioelectronic devices, composed of deformable and conductive materials, can be implanted or designed as wearable devices to enable conformal contact with heart tissue or the skin for real-time and precise diagnosis and treatment. See Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo et al. Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.

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Brain-machine interfaces can be connected to the nervous system to decode neural signals and translate them into commands for the control of external devices, for example, to enable individuals with paralysis to restore movements. However, long-term stability and wireless transmission of neural data remain challenging. In addition, issues of hype, patient access, user-centred design and long-term support will need to be addressed. See reality check of brain-machine interfaces Cover image: Simon Bradbrook

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Biophysical Reports

4_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Reports/4_3.png

D

On the cover: Single-photon arrivals are the rawest form of data available. One by one, these arrivals update our knowledge as to the state and dynamics of a single-molecule system labeled with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs. This cartoon highlights the essence of a three-part manuscript appearing in Biophysical Reports (single-photon, single-molecule (sm)FRET I-III) on a single-photon smFRET framework leveraging Bayesian nonparametrics.

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On the cover: We used a pressure vessel model to investigate the relationship between virus shape and critical stress and found that filament formation is a way of increasing individual virus volume without particle rupture. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100181.

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On the cover: The cover shows an illustration of a new, multipurpose, graphical user interface-based open-source toolbox offering unbiased analysis of single-molecule spectroscopic data. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100173.

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On the cover: Tetraspanin proteins (TSPANs) are found in all cell types and are involved in functions like cell adhesion, membrane fusion, and cancer metastasis, mainly through their ability to form higher-order structures. Their assembly depends on membrane concentration, which can increase in curved membranes for some tetraspanins because of their sensitivity to membrane curvature. To understand how different parts of the protein contribute to its assembly and curvature sensitivity, micropipette aspiration combined with confocal microscopy and optical tweezers was used. The illustration depicts a vesicle containing TSPAN4 proteins held in a micropippete, with a membrane tube pulled from it by using an optically trapped bead. Upon tube formation, the proteins partition into the tube. By using this assay, it was demonstrated that the protein's extracellular loop 2 contributes to the curvature sensitivity and curvature-induced interactions of TSPAN4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100149

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iScience

27_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_2.png

D

On the Cover: The cover image represents the profound connection between the brain and the gut microbiome, central to the study by Novielli et al. on the personalized identification of autism-related bacteria using eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). The left half of the image, depicting the brain with illuminated neural circuits, symbolizes the application of advanced AI techniques. The right half, showcasing the gut with various microorganisms, highlights the diversity of the microbiome and its potential link to autism. This visual metaphor encapsulates our study's dual focus: utilizing AI to identify specific gut bacteria associated with autism and enhancing our understanding of the gut-brain axis in neurodevelopmental disorders. Image credit: Sabina Tangaro.

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On the cover: The findings of Libbrecht et al. indicate that histone acetylation regulates daily circadian activity in colonies of the ant Temnothorax longispinosus. The cover represents Temnothorax ants following a circadian rhythm in the form of DNA wrapped around histone proteins. Illustration by Jenny Fuchs. See Libbrecht et al, vol. 23, 2020.

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On the cover: In this issue of iScience, Enoki et al. performed time-lapse imaging of the circadian rhythm in mammalian master clock neurons under warm and cold temperatures and asked whether the circadian clock continues or stops during hypothermia. In the image, the animals are seated around the table at Alice's “A Mad Tea Party” and are served either cold or hot tea, and the animals have their own clocks. During the cold winter season (far side), the animals hibernate with a stopped clock controlled by a hatmaker of calcium ions. In the warm spring (rear side), the animals wake up, and the clock starts ticking again at the same time as the environmental clock. Cover artwork by Keiko Nakamura (Space-Time Inc.) and Hiroyuki Adachi (Sofa Graphic Design).

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On the cover: The illustration represents the interconnectedness of the elements affected during urban ecosystem rehabilitation plans: the health of the environment and all living beings, urban architecture, and human psychological perception. In the foreground, the head symbolizes a “green city” built upon scientific foundations, with intertwined natural and architectural elements, idealizing a balanced system where micro- and macrobiomes healthily coexist. In the mirror reflection, invasive species, pathogens, and pests highlight the challenges that need to be scientifically monitored to prevent them from becoming negative aspects of the green transition toward the cities of tomorrow. This vision is the core of the perspective by Bruno et al., providing an evidence-based urban rehabilitation framework. Image credit: Giulia Ghisleni.

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Biophysical Journal

124_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Journal/124_4.png

C

Cover picture: Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations reveal the lipid organization and dynamics of biologically complex idealized brain plasma membranes.

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Cover picture: Inspired by molecular mechanisms that cells exploit to sense mechanical forces and convert them into biochemical signals, chemists dream of designing mechano-chemical switches integrated into materials. Using the adhesion protein fibronectin, where essentially each of its multiple repeats displays another molecular recognition motif, a computational model was derived asking how minimalistic designs of repeats translate into mechanical characteristics of their fibrillar assemblies. Artwork prepared by the coauthor Thierry Savin. See the article by Peleg et al. on page 1909.

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Cover picture: This image shows a snapshot of our computational model of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). The NPC is a large protein complex embedded in the nuclear membrane, and it is responsible for all transport into and out of the nucleus. This is mediated by numerous intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs; the filaments in the image). To control transport, the NPC is highly selective: only very specific proteins and nucleic acids are allowed to pass through by binding to specialized transporter proteins. To shed light on this process, we developed a coarse-grained molecular dynamics model that allowed us to study the transport of these proteins (blue spheres in the image) through the IDP meshwork. The image shows a cut-open view of the NPC with IDPs (the different bead colors correspond to different amino acids) anchored to the inner walls of the scaffold, with blue transport proteins transporting through the NPC. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.11.3313.

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Cover picture: The structure of baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), widely used as a bioinsecticide and a protein expression vector, was determined to near-atomic resolutions by using single-particle electron cryomicroscopy. By developing a structural discovery approach with AlphaFold, more than 100 previously unidentified protein subunits in the head and base domains of the AcMNPV nucleocapsid were modeled. These models help to describe a mechanism of nucleocapsid assembly and how it can package exogenous genomic material. Corum et al. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2024.01.021.

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NATURE METHODS

21_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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C

The cover celebrates ten years of Nature Methods. Design by Erin Dewalt, based on images of the number '10' generated by multiple methods, contributed by Yonggang Ke (Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University); Kristina Woodruff and Sebastian Maerkl (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne); Akira Takai, Yasushi Okada, Masahiro Nakano and Takeharu Nagai (Osaka University); Alan Shaw and Björn Högberg (Karolinska Institutet); Lauren Polstein and Charles Gersbach (Duke University); Sandra Duffy (Griffith University); and Navneet Dogra and T. Kyle Vanderlick (Yale University). Visit Methagora for more information about these images.

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A new method, hopping probe ion conductance microscopy, can be used to discern topological features like stereocilia on live mouse auditory hair cells. Cover by Erin Boyle, based on images provided by Pavel Novak. Brief Communication, p279

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Enhancing lamella preparation for cryo-ET with serial lift-out Artistic representation of the sectioning step in a focused ion beam-based sample preparation technique, Serial Lift-Out. A block of vitreously frozen biological material (here, a C. elegans L1 larva embedded in buffer) is attached to a micromanipulator needle and transferred to a rectangular-mesh copper electron microscopy grid to be serially sectioned. See Article Image: Jürgen M. Plitzko. Cover design: Thomas Phillips

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20 years of Nature Methods This month, Nature Methods celebrates its 20th anniversary with a special feature. See Editorial Image: Thomas Phillips, Springer Nature. Cover design: Thomas Phillips

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Nature Structural & Molecular Biology

31_12

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

Cryo-EM reconstructions of the small subunit processome provide essentially complete snapshots of the ribosome in construction. Cover image by Jonas Barandun. (pp 944 and 954)

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NSMB’s 30th anniversary To celebrate Nature Structural & Molecular Biology’s 30th anniversary, our cover features original artwork that was submitted by our reader Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar for our cover competition. See Rebelo-Guiomar and Editorial IMAGE CREDIT: Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar, University of Cambridge. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie

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NSMB 25 To mark NSMB’s 25th year, we have commissioned a special anniversary Series that celebrates the exciting research that we are proud to feature in NSMB. The Series begins with two Reviews in this issue, from Kobilka and colleagues and from Rossmann and colleagues. See Editorial 25 , 1 (2018) Image: Alfred Pasieka. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.

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Architecture of the ciliary radial spoke Structural work reveals the architecture of the radial spoke in unprecedented detail and provides insights into the mechanoregulation of motile cilia. See Article by Grossman-Haham et al. and Article by Gui et al. Image: Adam Beedle / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.

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Nature Reviews Rheumatology

20_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_1.png

B

In our November issue: articles on fibromyalgia, precision medicine in psoriatic arthritis and sex hormones in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Image of a bone tissue engineering scaffold implanted in a femur defect model. Image supplied by Betül Aldemir Dikici, University of Sheffield. Cover design: Susanne Harris.

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Inspired by the Review on p747. Cover design: Steven Hall

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In our July issue: articles on prevention of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis, pathophysiology of Kawasaki disease and epidemiology of gout. Image of a bone tissue engineering scaffold implanted in a femur defect model. Image supplied by Betül Aldemir Dikici, University of Sheffield. Cover design: Susanne Harris.

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Key advances in rheumatology, inspired by the Year in Reviews starting on p69 Cover design: S.Harris.

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The Journal of Physical Chemistry A

2025_7

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_7.png

B

Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. (Top left) Mechanism of the Chemiluminescent Reaction between Nitric Oxide and Ozone (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (4), 715–722. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08812), (Top center) Accurate Prediction of Bond Dissociation Energies and Barrier Heights for High-Energy Caged Nitro and Nitroamino Compounds Using a Coupled Cluster Theory (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (23), 4883–4890. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01506), (Top right) Ionic Hydrogen and Halogen Bonding in the Gas Phase Association of Acetonitrile and Acetone with Halogenated Benzene Cations (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (7), 1363–1371. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09094), (Bottom left) Shedding Light on the Dark Corners of Metal–Organic Framework Thin Films: Growth and Structural Stability of ZIF-8 Layers Probed by Optical Waveguide Spectroscopy (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (5), 1100–1109. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09610, (Bottom center) Stereodynamic Imaging of Bromine Atomic Photofragments Eliminated from 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane Oriented via Hexapole State Selector (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (31), 6635–6644. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04048) , (Bottom right) New Developments in Semiclassical Transition-State Theory (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (22), 4639–4657. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01987).

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Collage of artwork from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. Background: Impact of Halogen Termination and Chain Length on π-Electron Conjugation and Vibrational Properties of Halogen-Terminated Polyynes (J. Phys. Chem. A 2024, 128 (14), 2703–2716. DOI:

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New tools and methods for both experimental and theoretical physical chemistry are showcased in The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. These advances address topics covered by all three part– A, B, and C–of the Journal. This cover features art from recent articles that are showcased in this

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Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. (Top left) Mechanism of the Chemiluminescent Reaction between Nitric Oxide and Ozone (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (4), 715–722. DOI:

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Molecular Therapy

32_5

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

On the cover: Schematic representation of mRNA translation to protein by a ribosome from Tkaczyk et al. Image credit: Astra Zeneca.

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On the Cover: This issue of Molecular Therapy is the first of its 20th year of publication. The field of gene and cell therapy has changed significantly during these two decades: the science has led to real therapies that are now beginning to impact patients. Many issues remain to be solved, however, if these promising molecular therapies are to become affordable and accessible treatment options for both patients and medical providers. Molecular Therapy and its sibling journals look forward to covering these important issues in the decades to come. Cover credit: iStock.com/YinYang.

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On the Cover: The image is an artistic presentation of the PeptiENV platform described in Ylösmäki et al., pp. 2315–2325. The metallic grey/blue-ish particles represent an enveloped virus and the white, green, and purple “string of beads” represents the attached therapeutic peptides. This is a very simple yet effective method of increasing the tumor-specific T cell responses of clinically relevant enveloped viruses.

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On the Cover: This special issue of Molecular Therapy is devoted to the topic of nanoparticle development for gene and cell therapies, edited by invited guest editors S. Moein Moghimi and Ernst Wagner. The cover represents an artistic view of receptor-mediated endocytosis of a ligand-decorated synthetic nanoparticle into a cell, followed by intracellular endosome disruption, based on the process of viral cell entry that scientists try to exploit or mimic during the design of nanoparticle systems. Cover credit: Christoph Hohmann, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM).

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Science Signaling

2007_407

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows that the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter enables ATP production to match energy demands during the cell cycle. The image shows an artist's rendition of a mitotic cell. [Image: MedicalRF/Science Source]

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COVER This week's Focus Issue, published in conjunction with the Science Special Collection on Cell Signaling, features 7 new or updated pathways in the Database of Cell Signaling, which are also briefly highlighted in the associated Editorial Guide. The image depicts an "insider's view" of cell signaling. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]

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ONLINE COVER This week's issue features a Research Article that describes a pathway, which the authors call the "Phoenix Rising" pathway, by which dying cells promote tissue regeneration. The image is an illustration of a phoenix rising from a site of tissue injury, representing the process by which the dying cells stimulate cell proliferation. [Image concept: Chuan-Yuan Li, University of Colorado School of Medicine; illustration by Stan Coffman, medmediasolutions]

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ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that suggests that factors secreted by tumor cells inhibit the differentiation of dendritic cell progenitors, thus inhibiting the antitumor immune response. The image is an artist's depiction of the effect of tumor-derived factors (red haze) on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. [Image: Val Altounian, AAAS]

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NATURE REVIEWS CANCER

24_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

Persistence through adversity, inspired by the Roadmap on p694. Cover design: Lara Crow

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'The building blocks of cancer' by Lara Crow, inspired by this Focus issue.

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COVER: CRISPR in cancer, inspired by the Review on p259. Cover design: David Johnston.

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Reflecting on 20 years, inspired by this month’s issue. Cover design: Lara Crow.

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Nature Nanotechnology

19_9

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

Lasing from bulk nanocrystals The image depicts surface-emitting lasers consisting of a bulk nanocrystal layer covered by a 2D photonic crystal grating. See Geiregat Image: Ivo Tanghe, Ghent University. Cover design: Valentina Monaco

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Water-based nanofabrication The cover shows an image of water-based micro- and nanopatterned circuits obtained by using silk as a surfactant on a hydrophobic wafer. See Omenetto Image: Fiorenzo Omenetto, Silklab. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan.

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Machine learning for enhancing nanomedicine permeability The cover shows a confocal fluorescence microscopy image of a tumour tissue section in the presence of genetically recombinant human ferritin nanocages. Ferritin nanocage particles permeate the tissue through the tumour vasculatures, here visible at individual blood vessels level. See Zhu et al. Image: Mingsheng Zhu, Nankai University. Cover design: Amie Fernandez.

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Nanobots for radionuclide bladder cancer therapy The cover image shows a three-dimensional reconstruction of a mouse bladder affected by a prominent tumour, with urease-powered nanobots targeting the tumour. See Simó et al. Image: Julien Colombelli, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona). Cover design: Valentina Monaco

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Current Biology

34_23

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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C

On the cover: This image is a maximum-intensity projection of a z series from female Indian muntjac fibroblast in anaphase, highlighting microtubules (cyan), kinetochores (magenta), and chromosomes (white). Microtubules and kinetochores were acquired in super-resolution STED mode and are shown as raw data. Chromosomes were acquired in confocal mode, and the respective contours were highlighted using the “find edges” tool in FIJI. Note the presence of a lagging chromatid containing a large kinetochore with merotelic attachments (i.e., a single kinetochore attached to microtubules oriented to both spindle poles). The Indian muntjac is a small deer with the lowest known chromosome number in mammals (2n = 6 ♀ or 2n = 7 ♂) and discernible kinetochore size variability. In this issue, Drpic et al. (pages 1344–1356) show that chromosome bi-orientation, congression to the metaphase plate, error formation, and chromosome segregation are biased by kinetochore size. Image provided by Danica Drpic and Helder Maiato.

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On the cover: How does a single cell control its behavior? This is Euplotes, a unicellular organism with a highly complex morphology. The thick bundles of cilia called cirri (seen here on the cover) emanating from its lower surface are used for walking and swimming. In this issue, Laeverenz-Schlogelhofer and Wan demonstrate the bioelectrical basis for gait control in this walking single cell. Simultaneous electrophysiological recordings and high-speed imaging reveal that membrane potential regulates cirri activity, enabling Euplotes to rapidly switch between forward walking and turning. Depolarization events orchestrate the cell's highly coordinated turning maneuver, with distinct cirri behaving differently. SEM micrograph by Christian Hacker; used with permission.

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On the cover: Bundles of in vitro reconstituted, oriented actin filaments (in magenta) formed in the presence of an abundant microtubule polymerase CKAP5 (also known as chTOG, or XMAP215 from X. laevis; in cyan). In this issue, Sabo et al. describe novel functions of CKAP5 using a combination of in vitro reconstitution and neuronal explant experiments. The authors show that CKAP5 autonomously bundles actin filaments (seen here on the cover), crosslinks actin filaments to microtubules regardless of their polarity, and enables the formation of persistent actin bundles templated by dynamically unstable microtubules. Cover image by Jan Sabo.

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On the cover: The cover image shows microtubule networks in enucleated cells plated on adhesive micropatterns of various geometries. Microtubules radiate from the centrosome, which acts as the main microtubule-organizing center of the cell. It is known that the centrosome-microtubule network has self-centering properties, but the mechanism ensuring this positioning is unclear. In this issue, Jimenez et al. (pages 1206–1220) demonstrate that, contrary to the classical belief, the centrosome-microtubule network does not position at the cell geometrical center but at a position defined by the architecture of the actin network. When the adhesion pattern is homogeneous and the cell contour is regular, this position can correspond to the cell geometrical center. But in asymmetric conditions (corresponding here to the “moon-shaped” or the “arm-chair-shaped” geometries at the bottom of the image) where the contraction and protrusion activities of the actin network are polarized, the centrosome position is shifted away from the contractile region toward an inner region devoid of contractile acto-myosin bundles and rich in dynein motors exerting pulling forces on microtubules. Image by Manuel Théry.

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Trends in Cell Biology

34_10

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

Lysosomes degrade macromolecules through about 70 soluble hydrolytic enzymes that are transported from the Golgi to lysosomes in a mannose 6-phosphate-dependent process. On pages 198–210 in this issue, Braulke et al. review lysosomal enzyme trafficking pathways and their significance for human diseases. The cover image shows a 3D reconstruction of electron microscopy sections from LYSET-deficient cells, which lack the mannose 6-phosphate pathway and accumulate undigested storage material in lysosomes (digitally colored). Cover image from Michaela Schweizer and Rudolph Reimer.

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On The Cover: Mammalian cell culture remains an essential tool across virtually all areas of biological and pharmacological research, whereby tissue-derived cells are placed in an artificial environment of controlled conditions. Despite what has become a clear recognition that environmental factors contribute to cell physiology and drug efficacy, the biochemical conditions of such systems remain largely dictated by classic cell culture media that poorly recapitulate the metabolic composition of human blood. In this issue, Cantor (pp. 855–862) discusses the recent arrival and future potential of systematically designed physiologic media, which is balanced by a careful examination of considerations that will be key to the design, use, and continued development of such reagents and of model systems more broadly. Cover illustration by Huston Design, www.hustondesign.com.

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Cell biological research is becoming increasingly three dimensional, taking into account spatial dynamics when studying biological questions. In this special issue of Trends in Cell Biology, researchers from across various fields discuss how the inner architecture of the cell, and the external environment that surrounds it, impacts upon cell function. The cover image, Z-stack projections of a mouse mammary organoid grown in Matrigel 3D cultures, provides a striking example of how considering three-dimensional structure can offer insight into behaviour. Cover image courtesy of Ian Macara.

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For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely, forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by Danielle Loughlin.

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Trends in Parasitology

40_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

The development of a parasite involves various life stages and events within its host and vector. Within an infected host, there may be different parasite species or different genotypes of one species. The complex life cycle and the genetic diversity of the parasites impact their interactions with the hosts and require parasitology research in the single-cell level. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Nanes Sarfati et al. review the developmental, cellular, and molecular events underlying the schistosome life cycle by synthesizing several recent single-cell transcriptomic studies. Dia and Cheeseman outline the single-cell sequencing approaches to understanding the biology of parasitic protozoans, including Plasmodium and Leishmania spp. among others. The cover image, provided by Nanes Sarfati and Wang, shows stem cells (cyan) in juvenile Schistosoma mansoni.

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In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, we dedicate several articles to science education and to training the next generation of parasitologists. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto/karandaev.

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This special issue of Trends in Parasitology focuses on vectors - organisms that facilitate the spread of disease. Vector-borne diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases and several can only be effectively managed through adequate vector control strategies. As argued in multiple articles included in this issue of Trends in Parasitology, the development of successful control approaches relies heavily on a detailed understanding of the vector biology, ecology, and epidemiology. On the cover, a swarm of mosquitos, the most important disease vector, at sunset. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.

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Parasitoid wasps are a highly diverse group of insects known for their parasitic lifestyle. These species have become important models for multiple scientific fields, including evolutionary biology and biological control. Advances in genomic resources and research have greatly enhanced our understanding of parasitoid wasp biology. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Ye and co-authors provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of genome sequencing in parasitoid wasps, highlighting how these genomic studies have led to significant breakthroughs in understanding the evolution of parasitoid wasps and the genetic basis of key traits. Image credit: Xinhai Ye.

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Macromolecules

2024_8

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

On the cover: Macroscopically aligned helical polyacetylene film was synthesized through acetylene polymerization under monodomain structured chiral nematic liquid crystal reaction field with applied magnetic field of 5 T. See page 5943. View the article.

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The cover art illustrates the dehydrogenative polymerization of formamides and alcohols to polyurethanes, driven by activated Fe(II) or Ru(II) catalysts. Vibrant hydrogen bubble evolution highlights isocyanate formation via formamide dehydrogenation, with dynamic polymer chains representing the precision and flow of the polycondensation process, emphasizing innovation in catalytic polymer chemistry. Image credit: Dr. Johannes Richers/Dr. Benjamin Large (Jo Richers Studio).

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Self-immolative polymers provide an opportunity for controlled deconstruction of macromolecular architectures in response to environmental stimuli. See page 7317. View the article.

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Isotactic polybutene-1 possesses superior mechanical properties, but exhibits a peculiar amorphous phase dragged to a slow crystalline phase transition after melt processing. A surprising fast transition is observed in full deuterated polybutene-1, attributing to the much lower vibrational entropy in the D polymer, resulting in a much reduced energy barrier for the transition.

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Nature Reviews Physics

6_12

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

The cover of this issue is based on a network of ferroelectric domain walls in ErMnO3. See Everschor-Sitte et al. Image: Dennis Meier, Jakob Schaab, amb design & illustrations. Cover design: Susanne Harris. [Note: The image credit originally published was incorrect; it has now been updated.]

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The cover of this issue is based on ab initio predictions of superconducting critical temperatures. See Pellegrini & Sanna Image: Adapted from Pellegrini, C. & Sanna, A. Nat. Rev. Phys. (2024) Cover design: Susanne Harris.

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The cover of this issue depicts hypernuclei decay events recorded in nuclear emulsion. See Saito et al. Image: Takehiko Saito, RIKEN. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.

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The cover of this issue shows an artistic representation of the equations of state of the periodic table elements, calculated using two all-electron codes in each of the 10 crystal structure configurations shown on the table. See Bosoni et al. Image: Giovanni Pizzi, EPFL, Switzerland. Cover design: Susanne Harris.

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Nature Protocols

19_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

Mice in motion Animal behavior is built from basic units of movement, analogous to syllables in human language. In mice, these ‘syllables’ have subsecond duration and include rears, turns, darts and more. Pose trajectories for several example syllables are shown here. To help with visualization, consecutive frames have been shifted horizontally before superimposing them. See Lin et al Image: Caleb Weinreb, Harvard Medical School. Cover design: S. Harris

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Human neurons in culture Image of human striatal organoids that are derived from pluripotent stem cells in vitro and can be integrated with cortical cells to form cortico-striatal assembloids. See Miura et al. Image: Sergiu P. Pașca, Stanford University. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.

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Targeted photostimulation of functionally defined ensembles of neurons The cover shows a strategy for ‘all-optical’ interrogation of neural circuits in vivo. Neuronal responses measured using two-photon calcium imaging were elicited by sequential, targeted two-photon photostimulation of 76 spatially clustered groups of neurons in mouse visual cortex in vivo. This large-scale but targeted activation is used to map the functional responses of neurons in the field of view for subsequent experiments. Responses are color-coded by the neurons targeted in a single group. See Russell et al. Image : Lloyd Russell, Michael Hausser Lab, University College London. Cover design: S. Harris.

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The PAM requirements of hundreds of CRISPR–Cas enzymes profiled with HT-PAMDA depict the expanding capabilities of genome-editing technologies. See Walton et al. Image: Russell T. Walton. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.

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Nature Human Behaviour

8_10

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

Human behaviour and COVID-19 Human behaviour shapes the trajectory of pandemics, and behaviour is crucial to curb and contain disease spread. In this Focus, we bring together expert views from a broad range of disciplines across the behavioural and social sciences, to examine how individual and collective behaviour drive and can mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. Cover image: GeorgePeters/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic

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Nature Human Behaviour turns five This month, we are celebrating our fifth anniversary with two dedicated Features. In one Feature, we asked 22 leading scientists in some of the key disciplines we cover to share their vision of the future of research in their disciplines. In a second Feature, past and present editors of the journal highlight some of their favourite papers and what made them special. See Editorial, See also Box-Steffensmeier et al. and See also Antusch et al. Cover image: incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.

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Travel balances sleep Leveraging a global dataset of wearable device data for approximately 20,000 individuals, Jonasdottir and colleagues show how sleep away from home depends on the sleep needs of the individual: when travelling, underslept people tend to sleep more, whereas well-rested individuals tend to sleep less. See Jonasdottir et al. Cover image: Sune Lehmann, Technical University of Denmark and James P Bagrow, University of Vermont. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.

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Individual sleep needs How much sleep is necessary for optimal cognitive function and brain health? Human sleep deprivation experiments in the laboratory, observational studies and the behavioural ecology and evolution literature provide different answers to this question. Fjell and Walhovd adopt a transdisciplinary view of the evidence and argue that individual sleep need is highly flexible and affected by environmental factors, individual needs and motivation. This flexibility and broader context are frequently overlooked in laboratory-based sleep restriction studies and in sleep recommendations, but are important to take into account for a more ecologically valid view of human sleep needs. See Fjell and Walhovd Cover image: Viktoriia Patapova/iStock/Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.

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Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering

1_11

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_11.png

B

Low-Earth orbit (LEO) broadband communications and their integration with 5G and 6G cellular networks are at the forefront of the new space era. The cover shows a representation of a LEO constellation. See Lagunas Cover design: Sam Whitham

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Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly provides sub-10-nm periodic nanopatterned structures to fabricate internet of things (IoT) hardware components with a cost-effective, large-area approach and versatile functionalities. The cover image illustrates the BCP architecture library and the potential components for IoT applications. See Kim et al. Cover design: Sam Whitham

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In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, it is crucial to develop advanced spintronic technologies for low-power, beyond-CMOS devices. In this Focus Issue, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions in spintronics for neuromorphic computing, STT-MRAM, and logic applications. We also highlight the importance of integrating spintronic devices with existing silicon platforms and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Additionally, we encourage the exploration of emerging materials and devices for low-power spintronics, such as two-dimensional magnets. See the Editorial Image: Zulfidin Khodzhaev, The University of Texas at Austin Cover design: Sam Whitham

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Welcome to the first issue of Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering, a new Nature Reviews journal covering all areas of electrical engineering from electronics and photonics to robotics, telecommunications, energy and signal processing, with a particular focus on applied and industrial research. Cover design: Sam Whitham

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NATURE METHODS

21_6

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

Method of the Year 2023: methods for modeling development Methods for modeling development are our pick for the Method of the Year 2023. The cover shows mouse blastocysts stained for trophectoderm (cyan), epiblast (yellow) and primitive endoderm (magenta). See Editorial Image: Berna Sozen, Zernicka-Goetz Lab. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.

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Versatile multiscale imaging of cleared tissues On the cover, an optically cleared mouse brain imaged with a hybrid open-top light-sheet microscope. See Glaser et al. Image: Adam Glaser, University of Washington. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.

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20 years of Nature Methods This month, Nature Methods celebrates its 20th anniversary with a special feature. See Editorial Image: Thomas Phillips, Springer Nature. Cover design: Thomas Phillips

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Tissue histology in 3D c-Fos+ neuronal mapping of whole mouse brains using DELiVR reveals cancer-induced brain activity changes. See Kaltenecker et al. Image: Ali Maximilian Ertürk, Luciano Jan Höher, Helmholtz Munich. Cover design: Thomas Phillips

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Journal of Chemical Education

2021_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

Evoking affective responses from students studying chemistry may heighten their curiosity and further engage their interest in the subject, motivating them to delve deeper. In "Integrating Aesthetics Education into Chemistry Education: Students Perceive, Appreciate, Explore, and Create the Beauty of Chemistry in Scientific Photography Activity" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00857), Yizhou Ling, Jiamin Xiang, Kai Chen, Junyao Zhang, and Hongyan Ren describe microscale lab activities in which students photograph precipitation reactions using a smartphone with magnification. Students observe changes in color, shape, texture, and opacity in various reactions of metal salts with sodium hydroxide solutions, including with cobalt chloride (pictured on the cover), ferrous sulfate, and copper sulfate. Using a wider lens to perceive the complexity and beauty of chemical reactions coupled with an aesthetic approach to wonder why and how these changes occur can stimulate experimental inquiry, affective response, and creative outcomes, including high-quality scientific photography.

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In celebration of the ACS National Chemistry Week 2021 theme "Fast or Slow?Chemistry Makes It Go!", the cover features snapshots of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, a reaction that oscillates in both time and space. The complex chemical system shown involves bromate, bromide, malonic acid, sulfuric acid, ferroin indicator, and oxygen from the air. The oscillations in this reaction start with the formation of small pale blue dots in a rusty red solution, with each dot expanding in ever-widening concentric rings. By swirling the solution, the reaction can be repeated. Each time the reaction occurs, the oscillation pattern is different. (Images from the Journal of Chemical Education?s Chemistry Comes Alive! video collection.)

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The cover images are from one of the many videos available at the JCE Chemical Education Xchange Web site (ChemEd X, http://www.jce.divched.org/). The Journal of Chemical Education’spartner Web site aims to foster sharing of digital resources, information, and ideas among chemical educators. (Images from Chemistry Comes Alive!, JCE Software.)

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Reactions in gels help make a chemical process visual by slowing down the reaction rate, which allows students to observe a reaction process in detail. In the article "Experimenting with a Visible Copper–Aluminum Displacement Reaction in Agar Gel and Observing Copper Crystal Growth Patterns To Engage Student Interest and Inquiry" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00207), Xinhua Xu, Meifen Wu, Xiaogang Wang, Yangyiwei Yang, Xiang Shi, and Guoping Wang describe an experiment in which the reaction process of copper–aluminum displacement in agar gel was observed at the microscopic level with a stereomicroscope. As shown on the cover, pine-like branches of copper crystals growing from aluminum surface into gel at a constant rate were observed. Students were asked to make hypotheses about the pattern formation and to design new research approaches to prove their hypotheses. Using this method, students carry out an experiment based on a specific chemical equation while also encountering the concepts of crystal growth and microcells through dramatic images of real-time change and visible crystal growth.

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Nature Ecology & Evolution

8_10

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

Ediacaran community complexity Enigmatic Ediacaran organisms - Tribrachidium (top) and Ivovicia (bottom) - formed complex benthic communities ~15 million years before the Cambrian Explosion of animals. See Darroch et al. Image: Marc Laflamme. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.

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Endless forms A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during 2018. See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in. Image: Rohan Chakravarty. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.

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Birthday biodiversity A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during the journal's first year. See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in. Image: Rosemary Mosco. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.

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200 years of dinosaurs 2024 marks 200 years since William Buckland presented Megalosaurus, arguably the first dinosaur to have been named by science. Depictions have changed since Mary Morland Buckland’s sketches of the Megalosaurus jaw accompanied her husband’s work, and a wealth of palaeontological and palaeoecological discoveries in the interim two centuries lie behind Mark Witton’s 21st-century take on a megalosaur attacking its sauropod prey in a lush Jurassic forest landscape. See Editorial Image: Mark P. Witton. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.

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Journal of Proteome Research

2025_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

https://deepai.org/machine-learning-model/psychedelic-poster-generator

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Data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics analysis conducted on children’s saliva identified characteristic proteins in caries-susceptible children prior to caries development. Keratin 3 (KRT3) and mucin 21 (MUC21) were established and further validated as a protein panel for predicting early childhood caries.

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2023 Special Issue on Software Tools and Resources: Accelerating Research With New and Evolving Open Source Software (Hoopmann, M.R.; Schwämmle, V.; Palmblad, M., J. Proteome Res. 2023, 22(2), 285

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2021 Special Issue on Software Tools and Resources: Finding the Right Tools for the Job (Weintraub, S.T.; Hoopmann, M.R.; Palmblad, M., J. Proteome Res. 2021, 20(4), 1819–1820.)

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ACS Chemical Neuroscience

2024_15

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

The cover art features four pseudo-colored composite images of pERK-stained zebrafish larval brains, showcasing the effects of a vehicle and three behavior-modifying neuroactive isoflavones. Below, a mosaic time series depicts the animals' behavioral responses to a light stimulus in a multi-well plate under the same neuroactive treatments as the pERK-labeled images. This juxtaposition highlights the relationship between changes in neural activity and behavior. All images were captured, processed, and conceptualized by the lead author, Dr. Matthew McCarroll.

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This cover image offers a peek at the cytosolic environment of a central nervous system (CNS) cell. It highlights the dual-action mechanism of a small molecule, which is shown to interact with both carbonic anhydrase and the mitochondrial outer membrane protein TSPO. These interactions suggest a potential therapeutic strategy targeting these proteins, which play crucial roles in CNS function. The DALL-E AI platform from OpenAI generated the background. Muhammad Waqas and Benito Natale crafted the cover.

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The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-

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Cryo-section of one hemisphere from 18-month-old Alzheimer's disease pathology mouse model APP23 stained with two conformation-sensitive amyloid dyes, qFTAA and hFTAA: The dyes are used to visualize structural differences in amyloid depositions in several mouse models. The inset shows single plaques (artistic rendering of confocal fluorescence micrographs).

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Molecular Therapy

32_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

On the cover: Damodar et al. demonstrated that RLBP1 encodes two CRALBP isoforms that are differentially expressed in human and murine retinal tissues: two isoforms in retinal pigment epithelium and one isoform in Müller glial cells. The image shows 3D isosurface rendering (Imaris) of a 250-day-old retinal organoid labeled for CRALBP (multicolor object ID) in Müller glial cells. The Müller cells span the outer nuclear layer (in blue), with their end feet forming the outer limiting membrane that surrounds the organoid. Image credit: Hassan Boukhaddaoui and Nejla Erkilic.

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On the Cover: This issue of Molecular Therapy is the first of its 20th year of publication. The field of gene and cell therapy has changed significantly during these two decades: the science has led to real therapies that are now beginning to impact patients. Many issues remain to be solved, however, if these promising molecular therapies are to become affordable and accessible treatment options for both patients and medical providers. Molecular Therapy and its sibling journals look forward to covering these important issues in the decades to come. Cover credit: iStock.com/YinYang.

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On the Cover: Myelin was significantly preserved in sciatic nerves of long-term surviving twitcher mice after receiving neonatal global gene therapy with an AAV9-based vector expressing the gene encoding galactosylceramidase, coupled with bone marrow transplantation (Marshall et al., pp. 874–889).

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On the Cover: This special issue of Molecular Therapy is devoted to the topic of nanoparticle development for gene and cell therapies, edited by invited guest editors S. Moein Moghimi and Ernst Wagner. The cover represents an artistic view of receptor-mediated endocytosis of a ligand-decorated synthetic nanoparticle into a cell, followed by intracellular endosome disruption, based on the process of viral cell entry that scientists try to exploit or mimic during the design of nanoparticle systems. Cover credit: Christoph Hohmann, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM).

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Nature Mental Health

2_11

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

Countries and culture — mental health in context Our August issue cover highlights how crucial our connections with countries and culture are and how they can meaningfully shape our mental health. In a sense, they are influences imprinted on brains and minds. From ancient philosophers and theologians to modern mental health researchers, country and culture have long been considered forces that affect our development and self-expression, our interpretations of feelings, and when and how we seek support or treatment for mental health conditions. Read more in our Editorial about the importance of cultural context of mental health Image: Jorg Greuel / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence

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Light exposure and mental health The November issue’s cover references a study published this month by Burns et al. detailing patterns of increased night-time light exposure associated with greater risk and increased daytime light exposure associated with decreased risk of psychiatric disorders and self-harm. The authors suggested a sunflower and the dynamics of heliotropism (i.e., a plant following the sun’s trajectory) as a metaphor for the effects of light on mental health and the possibility of its future use as an intervention. See our Editorial for more on light and the potential effects of urbanization and urbanicity on mental health. Cover design: Marina Spence

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Mental health awareness Each May, campaigns take place that are designed to draw awareness to mental health, to reduce stigma and to champion inclusivity. This month’s issue cover features a green ribbon — the international symbol that is associated with observing Mental Health Awareness Month. Not only is green the theme color of the Nature Mental Health journal, but the May cover is festooned with the mental health awareness ribbon, florals and greenery to evoke the imagery of vitality, growth, new beginnings and hope. See our Editorial for more on the need to bring together advocacy and research to promote mental health awareness. Cover design: Marina Spence.

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Climate mental health The February cover is a moody depiction of climate mental health. Intended to invoke the idea of the interplay among Gaia (the spirit of Earth), nature and humanity, the blue tones also reference the Connecting Climate Minds project. As a means for placing mental health prominently in climate agendas, this initiative is a catalyst for invigorating the broader climate mental health field. See our Editorial for more on the emerging field of climate mental health Image: Rebeka Ryvola/Climate Cares Centre. Cover design: Debbie Maizels

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BDJ

237_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

In this issue This issue features articles on dental fomite detection, endodontic complexity, and denture cleanliness and hygiene. Cover image: This special cover series marks 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. The illustrations ahead hope to encourage people to read the original papers, learn from our past and reflect on what we know now. Here the style, line, gesture and symbolism sets the scene for dental intervention within the Victorian classroom (graphite drawing). Cover art by Rachel Jackson

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In this issue This issue features articles on mental health, oral cancer inequalities, and autism spectrum condition Cover image: From 2023. For this issue, we celebrate the cover series from last year which aimed to consider the UNs’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the relevance they have to dentistry, our patients and their oral health. Although there are 17 SDGs, we only have 12 covers in a volume so we had to select the dozen that we felt were most appropriate for this purpose but not necessarily the most important overall – as depicted in the future-gazing professional on this cover’s revisit (Volume 235 Issue 1, 14 July 2023). ©Tim Marrs, incorporating original artwork by Kate Miller

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In this issue This issue features articles on smoking cessation, MIOC, and cocaine-induced destruction of the palate. Cover image: From 2016. To celebrate the birth of the Portfolio and mark the first anniversary of the launch of its newest member, the open access online-only journal BDJ Open, we designed a cover series highlighting the letters B, D and J in collaboration with long-time editorial board member, Professor Damien Walmsley. The BDJ element represented in the cover of this issue is, perhaps somewhat controversially, composed of cake crafted in the letters by editorial team member at the time Ruth Doherty. Although appearing as Volume 221 Issue 7 (7 October 2016), it was actually baked and consumed in July of that year at a delicious editorial board meeting! ©Tim Marrs

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In this issue This issue features articles on dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of COVID-19 on BAME dental professionals, and domestic violence during the pandemic. Image credit: Joanna Culley

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BDJ In Practice

37_5

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

In this issue... Welcome to the second equality, diversity and inclusion themed issue of BDJ In Practice. Society is changing. Are we more tolerant and accepting than ever before, or have we gone the other way? In this issue we dive into dentistry and all things EDI Cover illustration by Tim Marrs

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In this issue... In March's edition of BDJ In Practice, we take a look at the workforce and recruitment sector - the very foundations of the dental profession Cover illustration by Tim Marrs

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In this issue... Having discussions about and around taboo topics isn't the easiest, but with HPV-related head and neck cancers, is it necessary? Cover illustration by Tim Marrs

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In this diversity themed issue Diversity matters, but is dentistry leading the way or lagging behind? In this themed edition, we unpick all aspects of equality, diversity and inclusion Cover illustration by Danny Allison

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Chemical Research in Toxicology

2024_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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C

somersault1824.com

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Mass Spectrometry Detection of 1,3-Butadiene-DNA Adducts in Humans. See Article on pp 1486–1497. View the article.

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Tobacco-specific nitrosamine, NNK, and its main in vivo metabolite, NNAL, are potent human lung carcinogens, and their enhanced clearance through glucuronidation will reduce the human lung cancer risk. Kava was demonstrated to enhance both O- and N-glucuronidation of NNAL among pilot trial participants, with N-glucuronidation predictive from UGT2B10 SNPs.

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Detection of Nerve Agent Adducts to Acetylcholinesterase. View the article.

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Analytical Chemistry

2025_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

Mid-infrared thin-film waveguides are promising key components for next-generation label-free chem/bio sensors in environmental analysis and medical diagnostics. Cover art created by Markus Sieger.

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This cover is part of Analytical Chemistry's Diversity & Inclusion Cover Art Series. The art was created by Cornell University Ph.D. Student Xu Liu and depicts her journey to pursuing a higher degree in renewable energy research.

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Depicted on the cover is an original piece by Science Artist Dr. Semarhy Quiñones-Soto entitled “See a Scientist. Be a Scientist.” The digital illustration celebrates the presence of underrepresented faces in chemistry to serve as inspiration for the young women who seek to pursue careers in STEM. This cover is a part of the journal's Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series aimed to promote the creative work of chemists in BIPOC communities.

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3D-printed dual-channel flow-through miniaturized devices (3Dd) with dual electrochemical detection (EDd) integrating two working electrodes each in an in-channel configuration (3Dd–EDd), are combined with the rich PB-based electrochemistry to obtain reliable, stable, and ready-to-use devices with excellent analytical performance toward hydrogen peroxide detection in cultivar cells.

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Accounts of Materials Research

2024_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

The cover picture illustrates the preparation of diamond composites using ancient Chinese alchemy techniques, reflecting the synergistic effect when diamond is composited with other materials.

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Real polarized optical microscopy of a mixture of reactive thermotropic liquid crystal mesogens phase separating from a mixture of reactive monomers of a hydrogel.

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This Account highlights our ongoing research on the construction of porous organic polymer (POP)-based catalysts, discussing the design strategies and principles involved with the aim of underscoring the unique features of POPs fabricated via solvothermal free-radical polymerization of vinylated functionalities for the development of genuinely competitive artificial enzymes.

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Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.

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NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE

26_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/26_1.png

C

‘Converging pathways in Parkinson disease’, inspired by the Review on p393. Cover design: Jennie Vallis

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‘Support bubbles’, inspired by the Review on p474. Cover design: Jennie Vallis

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‘Structural similarity networks’, inspired by the Review on p42 Cover design: Jennie Vallis

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‘Gene therapies’, inspired by the Perspective on p252. Cover design: Jennie Vallis

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Med

5_7

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_7.png

C

On the cover: Artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant strides in biomedical research, showcasing its transformative potential in driving innovation within drug development. In this issue of Med, Zhang et al. review the significant advancements in AI-assisted drug development, focusing on small molecules, RNA, and antibodies. The review highlights the challenge in obtaining approval for AI-conceived drugs and proposes leveraging large language models and diffusion models as solutions. The cover image captures two AI robots analyzing AI-generated drugs in a clinical environment, symbolizing AI's transformative impact on drug discovery, development, and clinical trials.

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On the Cover: COVID-19 has affected the whole world. At the close of 2020, our first Med Special issue is focused on COVID-19, offering a time of reflection on the scientific advances we have made and the challenges that lie ahead. Our cover image recognizes the ongoing dedication of health care workers and the importance of solidarity to fight COVID-19.

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On the cover: This issue of Med explores the applications of CAR T cell therapies beyond hematologic malignancies, including solid tumors and autoimmune diseases. A Q&A with Fabian Müller (University Hospital Erlangen) covers the latest developments in the field. A Review from Liu et al. discusses emerging combination strategies using CAR T cells in solid tumors, while Shu et al. review the exciting potential of CAR technology in non-neoplastic diseases. Fischbach et al. present a Case Report describing the safety and feasibility of CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy in the first two patients with progressive multiple sclerosis, with an accompanying Viewpoint from Rankin and Shah highlighting the new frontiers of CAR T cell therapies. Cover credit: Keith Chambers/Science Photo Library via Getty Images.

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On the cover: In this issue, Millen et al. (pp. 290–310) describe and characterize a head and neck cancer organoid biobank. Using patient-derived models, they subsequently study the effects of therapies that are combined in the clinic and validate genetic biomarkers for treatment response. They explore whether these models can predict therapy response of corresponding patients. The cover shows an abstract representation of organoids derived from different patients (in different colors) that can be screened for drug sensitivity to indicate which drug works best (the labels attached to the Petri dishes). As such, organoid screens can generate patient-specific profiles or “fingerprints.” Cover art: Else Driehuis.

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Cell Host&Microbe

33_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/33_1.png

C

On the cover: In celebration of the 10th anniversary of Cell Host & Microbe, this issue features “Voices” from 10 leading experts in their field as they reflect on the journal's journey over the past decade. We also bring to you 10 Reviews and Perspectives from leading authors that highlight broad themes in host-microbe biology. The cover image illustrates the many microbes and hosts that are highlighted in these Reviews and Perspectives and in fields that the journal has been proud to publish in over the past 10 years. The cover image was generated by Sean Kilian and contributed by Julia Vorholt.

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On the cover: In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhou et al. explore the complex interactions between human microbiomes and their hosts across different body sites, revealing that microbiome stability and its impact on health are influenced by site-specific host factors. Their findings underscore the systemic nature of host-microbiome relationships, with significant implications for understanding metabolic diseases. Cover design by artist Lettie McGuire.

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On the cover: This illustration by Jiang et al. metaphorically represents the gut and brain as intricate mazes connected by the vagus nerve. The NTS (nucleus tractus solitarius) acts as a signal controller, illustrated as a traffic control center that manages neural signals at the CeA (central amygdala). Roseburia intestinalis, portrayed as diligent workers in the lush, maze-like forest, produce butyrate, symbolized by the yellow “fuel”. This butyrate powers the NTS and allows it to signal “red lights” (inhibitory output) at the CeA, effectively blocking pro-nociceptive signals (the “cars”) from traveling along the ascending pain pathway from the spinal cord. This study reveals a mechanism of pain regulation via the gut-brain axis and underscores the significant influence of microbiota-derived metabolites on pain-related neural circuitry. This cover image was created by Beatrix Yu, a medical illustrator at CUHK.

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On the cover: This special issue of Cell Host & Microbe presents a collection of articles highlighting the role of the microbiome in systemic disease. This collection covers recent scientific advances and perspectives for future research, including commentaries from Sartor discussing personalized treatment for microbiome-associated diseases, Blaak and colleagues examining how gas measurements may be used as a measurement of host health, and Gerber discussing the potential of AI in microbiome research. Also in this issue, Boleij and colleagues consider the role of the microbiome in cancer, Fernandez-Real and colleagues reflect on the communication between gut microbes and the CNS, while Garza and colleagues examine the interactions between microbiota and skin cells and Nieuwdorp and colleagues review the role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Further, a series of primary research articles present new research into the systemic reach of the microbiome in diseases and responses to therapeutic interventions. The cover image by Shen et al. draws on the Chinese theory of yin-yang harmony in which seven nutrients, including dietary fiber, coordinate with each other to maintain the balance of the microbiota in the human gut. A diverse diet works together to maintain health through the gut microbiome, thereby illustrating an example of systemic coordination between the microbiome and host behavior in health and disease.

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Joule

9_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/9_1.png

C

On the cover: The cover image represents a large-area flexible perovskite solar module (f-PSM) operating outdoors. In this issue of Joule, Lee et al. demonstrate an effective strategy for improving both the efficiency and stability of f-PSMs by introducing a newly designed electron-transport layer (ETL). This ETL effectively suppresses the shunt path without sacrificing the electron transport property, greatly enhancing the efficiency and stability of f-PSMs. Notably, this strategy enables a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.4% on f-PSMs (900 cm2). Image credit : Da Seul Lee.

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On the Cover: An artistic depiction of an array of solar-powered lithium extraction devices floating upon the sea. Described in a Future Energy article in this issue of Joule, Zhou, He, et al. (pp. 1648–1651) conceive and demonstrate an electrolysis method that extracts lithium metal directly from seawater and is faster and more controllable than adsorption and dialysis-based methods. Cover art by Sixie Yang and Ping He.

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On the cover: In this cover image, Chen et al. present the conceptual design of a new electro-biodiesel platform that converts CO2 into biodiesel by integrating electrocatalysis and microbial bioconversion. The image illustrates the integrated electro-biodiesel conversion process, where electrocatalytic reactors convert CO2 into biocompatible C2 intermediates, which are then upgraded into biodiesel precursors through efficient microbial fermentation. The process flow is shown by the bright pathway. The transparent container at the center symbolizes the final diesel product. The image highlights the advancement of an efficient and economic electro-biodiesel route through the co-design of microbes and catalysts, opening new avenues for sustainable CO2 conversion. Artist: Yu Zhang (@CYANTIFICA).

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On the cover: Joule is the home for scale-spanning energy research that plays a key role in the transition to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This issue features a range of articles that reflect themes relevant to COP26, covering fundamental research, technoeconomics, and policy analysis that will enable the realization of net zero this century and help to mitigate the climate crisis. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.

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Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering

1_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_3.png

A

Low-Earth orbit (LEO) broadband communications and their integration with 5G and 6G cellular networks are at the forefront of the new space era. The cover shows a representation of a LEO constellation. See Lagunas Cover design: Sam Whitham

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High-resolution satellite sensors and artificial intelligence enable detailed tree monitoring at national and continental levels. The illustration depicts the results of the image processing of the data collected through tree mapping. See Brandt et al. Image: Danish Agency for Data Supply and Infrastructure. Cover design: Sam Whitham.

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Graph neural networks (GNNs) hold potential for harnessing data power to tackle application challenges in electrical engineering, physics, material science and biology. The cover image shows the analogy between GNNs and mazes. See Li et al. Cover design: Sam Whitham

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In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, it is crucial to develop advanced spintronic technologies for low-power, beyond-CMOS devices. In this Focus Issue, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions in spintronics for neuromorphic computing, STT-MRAM, and logic applications. We also highlight the importance of integrating spintronic devices with existing silicon platforms and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Additionally, we encourage the exploration of emerging materials and devices for low-power spintronics, such as two-dimensional magnets. See the Editorial Image: Zulfidin Khodzhaev, The University of Texas at Austin Cover design: Sam Whitham

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NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY

43_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

Nature Biotechnology celebrates its 20-year anniversary. Cover art: Erin Boyle

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Citizen science improves microbial phylogeny To crowdsource the alignment of 1 million RNA sequences from the human microbiome, Sarrazin-Gendron et al. created a minigame integrated within a popular commercial video game. More than 4 million participants contributed to improving a multiple sequence alignment for microbial phylogeny estimations and association. See Sarrazin-Gendron et al. Image: The Gearbox Entertainment Company. Cover design: Erin Dewalt

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Nature Biotechnology celebrates 15 years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. Cover art: Marina Corral.

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Nature Biotechnology celebrates its 25th anniversary Nature Biotechnology celebrates 25 years of publishing the very best of biotech science and business. See Editorial Image: Peter Crowther. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.

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Trends in Pharmacological Sciences

45_8

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

Despite the successes in recent years in the development of novel cancer therapies including small molecule drugs and biologics, resistance to these therapies is common and affects disease prognosis and quality of life of patients. Towards eradication of therapy resistance, clinicians and research scientists in different parts of the world have leveraged new, advanced technological tools to gain greater insights of the molecular underpinnings of cancer progression and resistance to treatment. These insights promise to revolutionize current approaches including drug combination strategies in tackling therapy resistance in cancer. The June special issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences features expert perspectives on the recent developments in the cancer drug resistance field and exciting future avenues of research. Image credit: Lucidio Studio Inc. via Getty Images Plus.

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Trends in Pharmacological Sciences celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This Special Issue commemorates the occasion with a series of articles that highlight the increasing incorporation of artificial intelligence in the different areas of pharmacology. Cover image conceptualized by Kusumika Mukherjee and rendered by Elsevier Webshop.

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Trends in Pharmacological Sciences will be issuing a series of Science and Society articles, each highlighting a rare disease. The series aims to be a platform that brings an expert's perspective on what he or she thinks is in the future of the therapeutic field of that specific rare disease. On pages 229–236 of this issue, the series starts with two Science & Society articles by Napierala et al. and Gogliotti and Niswender that highlight the rare diseases Friedreich Ataxia and Rett syndrome respectively. The cover of this issue has portraits of children with rare diseases, shared generously by Beyond the Diagnosis – Advancing Medicine through Art. It is designed to reflect the hope that this series will be instrumental in generating discussions within the scientific community that will help further research in finding therapies to rare diseases. Cover image courtesy Beyond the Diagnosis (https://www.beyondthediagnosis.org) and istock/ma_rish.

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In this issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, we are pleased to begin a series of articles that focus on topics that are important to China, and thus, to the greater pharmacological community. These reviews examine key trends in diverse areas of pharmacology, including new tools to study compound chemicals and development of targeted therapies. As we launch this month, we are delighted to bring you a perspective piece on the development of pharmacology in China, written by TiPS Editorial Board Member Ming-Wei Wang with his colleagues Richard D. Ye and Yizhun Zhu. In addition, we invite you to learn more on computational methods for drug design and discovery, especially as they have been applied in China, with a review article from Hualiang Jiang and colleagues. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto.

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Nature Reviews Materials

9_12

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_12.png

D

Spin–orbit coupling can be leveraged to enable new functional properties in oxide materials, in particular for spintronics applications. The cover image is an artistic impression of spin-charge conversion in a Rashba two-dimensional electron gas. See Felix Trier et al. Image: Diogo C. Vaz. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.

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2D materials exhibit diverse properties and can be integrated in heterostructures: this makes them ideal platforms for quantum information science. This Review surveys recent progress and identifies future opportunities for 2D materials as quantum-dot qubits, single-photon emitters, superconducting qubits and topological quantum computing elements. See Liu & Hersam. Cover Image: Xiaolong Liu

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Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is highly sought after for mid-IR nanophotonics, nonlinear and quantum optics, and as an efficient UV emitter. This Review surveys the synthesis, physical properties and applications of hBN. Cover Design: Trong Toan Tran

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Broken symmetries at the nanoscale can greatly modify the emergent nanophotonic responses enabled by phonon polaritons, and lowering the degree of symmetry in natural and artificial materials gives rise to a wide spectrum of low-loss, directional, confined light–matter quasiparticles. The cover image shows an artist’s impression of extreme light confinement in low-symmetry crystals. See Galiffi E. et al. Cover image: Sam Whitham.

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Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

2024_40

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.

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Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).

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Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: A. A. Gusev et al., “ZSM‑5 Additive Deactivation with Nickel and Vanadium Metals in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Process” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04819); J. Lim et al., “Dynamic Modeling of Acetone−Butanol−Ethanol Fermentation with ex Situ Butanol Recovery using Glucose/Xylose Mixtures” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03016); G. Grivas et al., “Biomarker Identification of Complex Diseases/Disorders: Methodological Parallels to Parameter Estimation” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04108); and A. Romo-Hernández et al., “Thermodynamic Analysis and Feedback Stabilization for Irreversible Liquid−Vapor Systems” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04869).

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In a whimsical journey through microchannel landscapes, our study delves into electroosmotic micromixing adventures. Navigating serpentine twists, we discover that strategically placed chemical patches induce counter-rotating vortices, enhancing mixing efficiency. Positive and negative ζ-potentials choreograph flow, offering a vibrant canvas for controlled microfluidic exploration.

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Nature Cell Biology

26_5

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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C

Stem cells Generating human knock-in organoids See Artegiani et al. and News & Views by Liberali. Image: Benedetta Artegiani and Delilah Hendriks, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.

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Organelles Isolating intact mitochondria from specific cells shows that the Caenorhabditis elegans germline propagates deleterious mitochondrial genomes. See Ahier et al. Image: Nick Valmas and Steven Zuryn, University of Queensland. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.

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Multi-organelle units OrgaPlexing — an imaging pipeline to map metabolic organelles and their interactions — reveals changes in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome and lipid droplet dynamics that affect macrophage inflammatory lipid mediator synthesis. See Zimmermann et al. and News & Views by Kleele Image: Julia Zimmermann and Angelika Rambold, "Organelle-Networks Immunology” Lab, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics. Cover design: Lauren Heslop

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Organelles ER–mitochondrial contacts sustain bioenergetics See Carreras-Sureda et al. and News & Views by Graier Image: Felipe G. Serrano, scientific designer (www.illustrative-science.com). Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.

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Current Biology

35_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

On the cover: In this issue, Roelants et al. (pages 125–130) use transcriptome data and phylogenetic analyses to demonstrate that caerulein, a clinically important peptide secreted by the skins of various frogs, evolved at least twice independently, and from different ancestral hormones. Parallel evolution of identical gene products in anciently duplicated genes represents a novel evolutionary mechanism through which recurrent functional innovations are attained across large phylogenetic distances. The cover shows the tree frog Litoria caerulea, the species in which caerulein was discovered, and after which the peptide was named. Photo by Bert Willaert.

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On the cover: Fischer, Roland et al. (pages 4145–4151) demonstrate that the convergent evolution of maternal care in South American and Malagasy poison frogs facilitates toxin provisioning and relies on similar brain regions but different neuronal mechanisms. The cover image shows the Little Devil poison frog (Oophaga sylvatica). In this species, mothers provide their altricial tadpoles with unfertilized eggs for nutrition and chemical defense. Image by Elicio E. Tapia.

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On the cover: A little devil frog (Oophaga sylvatica) rests on a leaf on the Ecuadorian rainforest floor. These frogs, like other poison frogs, sequester alkaloids from their diet of arthropods onto their skin as a defense against predation. In this issue, Caty et al. demonstrate that these alkaloids also shape the resident skin microbial community of these frogs. The presence of alkaloids results in a more diverse microbial community, both taxonomically and metabolically. Photograph © Stephanie Caty; used with permission.

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On the cover: A little devil frog (Oophaga sylvatica) rests on a leaf on the Ecuadorian rainforest floor. These frogs, like other poison frogs, sequester alkaloids from their diet of arthropods onto their skin as a defense against predation. In this issue, Caty et al. demonstrate that these alkaloids also shape the resident skin microbial community of these frogs. The presence of alkaloids results in a more diverse microbial community, both taxonomically and metabolically. Photograph © Stephanie Caty; used with permission.

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Joule

8_10

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D

On the Cover: The image presents the Science Tower in Graz, Austria, whose top features 1,000 m2 semitransparent dye-sensitized glass panels converting solar energy into electrical energy. In this issue of Joule, Wang et al. (pp. 2065–2075) demonstrate the combination of two judiciously designed organic dyes with a cheap ionic liquid electrolyte offering both high efficiency and outstanding stability. Their findings will greatly benefit this aesthetically attractive photovoltaic technology, whose deployment will contribute to the future supply of renewable energy. Photograph courtesy of H. Glass.

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On the cover: Joule is the home for scale-spanning energy research that plays a key role in the transition to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This issue features a range of articles that reflect themes relevant to COP26, covering fundamental research, technoeconomics, and policy analysis that will enable the realization of net zero this century and help to mitigate the climate crisis. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.

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On the Cover: The cover image represents putting the “pieces” together of renewable building blocks from biomass with reclaimed PET (rPET) to synthesize fiberglass-reinforced plastics (FRPs) that can be used in high-value materials applications such as in wind turbine blades. In this issue of Joule, Rorrer et al. (1006–1027) demonstrate that rPET can be deconstructed and subsequently combined with monomers obtainable from biomass. The resulting FRPs exhibit superior mechanical properties compared to the petroleum-based incumbent while using significantly less energy in their manufacture on a per dollar basis when compared to typical-FRP manufacture and chemical bottle-to-bottle recycling. Cover art by Ella Maru Studio.

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On the cover: This graphic illustrates the advantages of luminescent solar concentrators, particularly their flexibility and ability to alter the solar spectrum. The work by Baikie et al. outlines their real-world potential and identifies the niches in which they may outperform conventional solar cells. Cover credit: Tomi K. Baikie.

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Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology

22_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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C

Clonal heterogeneity in multiple myeloma requires effective therapies, a topic discussed in the Review on p71. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.

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Selecting immunotherapy regimens for lung cancer, inspired by the Review on p625. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.

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Off-the-shelf cell therapies for patients with cancer, inspired by the Review on p10. Cover design: Carl Conway

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Protein degraders enter the clinic, inspired by the Review on p265. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook

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Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering

1_12

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

Low-Earth orbit (LEO) broadband communications and their integration with 5G and 6G cellular networks are at the forefront of the new space era. The cover shows a representation of a LEO constellation. See Lagunas Cover design: Sam Whitham

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Graph neural networks (GNNs) hold potential for harnessing data power to tackle application challenges in electrical engineering, physics, material science and biology. The cover image shows the analogy between GNNs and mazes. See Li et al. Cover design: Sam Whitham

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Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly provides sub-10-nm periodic nanopatterned structures to fabricate internet of things (IoT) hardware components with a cost-effective, large-area approach and versatile functionalities. The cover image illustrates the BCP architecture library and the potential components for IoT applications. See Kim et al. Cover design: Sam Whitham

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Welcome to the first issue of Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering, a new Nature Reviews journal covering all areas of electrical engineering from electronics and photonics to robotics, telecommunications, energy and signal processing, with a particular focus on applied and industrial research. Cover design: Sam Whitham

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Cell Chemical Biology

31_8

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_8.png

B

On the cover: The cover art is a representative image of an islet of the pHluorin-LC3-mCherry mouse, showing heterogeneity in autophagic flux, on a larger image of the autophagic process degrading intracellular components. For more about this work, see Aoyama et al., 658–671.

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On the cover: Chen et al. identified a small molecule, C646, that directly targets the nuclear export factor, Exportin-1 (XPO1), and induces its degradation. Furthermore, the chromatin localization of histone methyltransferase p300 is also abrogated, explaining why C646 previously showed phenotypes expected of p300 inhibition. Covalently targeting XPO1 represents a unique approach to disrupting the chromatin localization of numerous factors (multi-colored complex on top right), including XPO1 and p300. Image credit: Ella Maru Studios.

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On the cover: After more than 20 years supporting the community of scientists dedicated to research done at the interface of chemistry and biology, we bid farewell to Chemistry & Biology and introduce you to Cell Chemical Biology. We are excited about the new title that clearly reflects our commitment to chemical biology and our alignment with the Cell Press family of journals. We are even more excited about the exceptional science that we will continue to publish, and this special issue highlights some of the areas in which chemical biology has been pushing the limits and reaching for the blue skies.

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On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions. Cover art by Julie Sung.

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Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation

2024_13

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_13.png

A

Inspired by the movie Interstellar, we illustrate the spatially resolved adsorption loading surface of carbon dioxide in a porous material as the projection of a five-dimensional space (x, y, z, T, p) with infinite cells.

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The cover art features a snapshot of trifold hydrogen-bonded supramolecular fibers modeled by a coarse-grained force-field. Although they are stable experimentally, during simulation, they rearrange into unordered aggregates. In their article, Piskorz et al. investigate how the choice of the force-field affects the stability and self-assembly process of these fibers.

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A computational strategy is presented to improve the accuracy of local coupled cluster methods for systems containing first row transition metals. Dynamic correlation-induced orbital relaxation effects were identified as the main error source in local coupled cluster calculations. The cover art features a transition metal complex in the benchmark set.

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An artistic interpretation of the charge pushback induced by water at the aqueous Pt(111) interface. This rearrangement of charge density is responsible for most of the work function change produced by adsorbed water for metallic surfaces. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2020, 16, 2703–2715.

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Nature Chemistry

16_8

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_8.png

B

A squaraine rotaxane that can undergo reversible photochemical oxidation acts as a light 'store' and can be used for optical imaging (shown conceptually on the cover). Smith and co-workers show that irradiation of the parent rotaxane with red light in the presence of oxygen generates an endoperoxide that is stable at low temperature. When warmed to body temperature, the reverse reaction occurs spontaneously, producing singlet oxygen and a photon of near-infrared light. Cover design by Alex Wing/Nature Chemistry, based on an original image by Aleksandr Bosoy (Northwestern University). Article p1025

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Monitoring the structural dynamics of MOF crystals Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) is a powerful technique for monitoring structural transformations in crystalline samples, but its use has so far been limited to the study of biological systems. Now, Ihee and co-workers have shown that this technique can be applied to synthetic materials. Specifically, they collected time-resolved SFX data to visualize light-initiated structural dynamics in metal–organic framework single crystals at the atomic level. The cover shows an artistic representation of the metal–organic framework being irradiated by the laser during a serial crystallography measurement. See Ihee et al. Image: Younghee Lee/CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia

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The cover image shows an artistic impression of large single crystals comprising covalent organic networks. A team led by James Wuest made these materials through the reversible polymerization of organic monomers bearing four tetrahedrally oriented nitroso groups and characterized them using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Such a modular construction is typically used to build monocrystalline materials held together by non-covalentbonding interactions, but is now also shown to work for covalently bonded analogues. Article p830; News & Views p810 IMAGE: SOPHIE DUBOIS ONCE UPON A TIME IN THE LAB (ORIGINAL PAINTING: ACRYLIC ON CANVAS, 2012). COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING

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The cover image shows an artistic impression of the flow of energy in the wake of the solution-phase bimolecular reaction between cyclohexane and the cyano radical. This reaction was studied by David Glowacki, Jeremy Harvey and co-workers using molecular dynamics simulations to model the vibrational relaxation of the products. The more intense colours indicate fast energy exchange within the radical co-product solvent shell, whereas less intense colours indicate slower energy flow once the products have diffused away from one another within the solvent.Article p850IMAGE: BECCA ROSE AND DAVID GLOWACKICOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING

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Nature Microbiology

10_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/10_1.png

B

Making an entrance Toxoplasma gondii infection and lysis of endothelial cells in the brain vasculature is a new route of access to the central nervous system. See Konradt et al. 1, 16001 (2016) Image: Christoph Konradt Cover design: Karen Moore

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Shigella invades via host filopodia : Human enteric defensin 5 (HD5), by interacting with colonic epithelial receptor P2Y11, induces rapid formation of filopodial extensions that capture Shigella, a major human enteroinvasive pathogen that is able to exploit these filopodia for invasion, revealing a mechanism for HD5-facilitated bacterial invasion. GFP-expressing Shigella are cyan, actin filaments are red and nuclei are blue (DAPI). See Xu et al. Image: Dan Xu, Xi'an Jiaotong University. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann

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Macrophage-induced tolerance Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophages following infection with Staphylococcus aureus attack bacterial iron–sulfur cluster-containing proteins, thereby leading to alterations in bacterial metabolism that increase their tolerance to antibiotics. See Rowe, S. E. et al. Image: Ella Marushchenko. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.

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Going straight Growth of Escherichia coli in curved micro-channels that forced them to grow to a deformed shape, followed by release to allow a return to native form suggests that E. coli utilize mechanical stresses as cues for shape recovery. See Wong, F, et al. 2, 17115 (2017) Image: Equinox Graphics,Cover Design: Karen Moore

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Accounts of Materials Research

2024_6

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

This Account highlights our ongoing research on the construction of porous organic polymer (POP)-based catalysts, discussing the design strategies and principles involved with the aim of underscoring the unique features of POPs fabricated via solvothermal free-radical polymerization of vinylated functionalities for the development of genuinely competitive artificial enzymes.

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Emulating natural photosynthesis, artificial leaves constructed with semiconductor photoelectrodes harness solar energy to convert water, carbon dioxide, etc. into valuable fuels/chemicals. This Account describes recent advancements in silicon-based photoelectrodes, emphasizing innovative design and integration solutions for practical artificial photosynthesis.

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Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.

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This Account highlights the recent progresses to increase the luminescence efficiency of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals and various device engineering strategies to fabricate efficient light-emitting diodes as illustrated in the artwork by “Lee Research group” from Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Science Translational Medicine

17_784

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Translational Medicine/17_784.png

D

ONLINE COVER An Adjuvant Advance. The cover shows a mouse inguinal lymph node after vaccination with the BNT162b2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine adjuvanted with a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA encoding interleukin (IL)–12p70. The lymph node was stained for naïve (yellow) and germinal center (green) B cells, T cells (magenta), and follicular dendritic cells (blue) to visualize the vaccine-elicited immune response. Immunity elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have been shown to wane over time, particularly in older individuals. To improve immune durability, Brook et al. adjuvanted the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine with a mRNA encoding IL-12p70, which amplified vaccine responses even at lower vaccine doses. The authors also developed a strategy to limit expression of the mRNAs to muscle, potentially reducing systemic reactogenicity after vaccination. Together, these data show that mRNA vaccines, like their protein counterparts, benefit from adjuvantation. Credit: Brook et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine

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ONLINE COVER A Breath of Fresh Air. The cover shows a scanning electron microscopy image of pulmonary blood vessels from a mouse after surgical lung resection. A potential consequence of lung transplantation or injury is impaired regeneration of lung vasculature and intussusceptive angiogenesis, or split blood vessels. To promote regeneration over fibrotic injury, Ma et al. used a pneumonectomy mouse model of lung injury where a portion of the lung was removed. The authors found that genetically silencing Ras homolog family member J (Rhoj), which is expressed by a subset of endothelial cells, could improve lung function and decrease the number of split blood vessels. They linked the improvement to mRNA modification of the Forkhead box protein O1 gene transcript in endothelial cells. This approach also improved lung function in a bleomycin-induced fibrosis model. These data suggest that targeting endothelial Rhoj could be a new avenue for treating lung injury. Credit: Ma et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine

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ONLINE COVER Animation of human lungs breathing in a 37� chamber. Lungs removed from donors for transplantation are often damaged but can be treated in the controlled environment of this transparent dome to improve their health. Gene therapy with interleukin-10 increases the chances that the lungs can be successfully transplanted into a recipient. See Cypel et al. in this issue. [Credit: Chris Bickel, AAAS]

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ONLINE COVER The Bacteria Behind Lung Rejection. The cover illustration shows two transplanted lungs, one healthy and tolerated by the recipient (left), the other infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (light orange), leading to formation of donor-specific antibodies (blue) and antibody-mediated rejection (right), ultimately resulting in lung allograft failure. Liao et al. showed that P. aeruginosa infection was associated with increased risk of antibody-mediated rejection in a small retrospective study of lung transplant recipients and elucidated the mechanism by which P. aeruginosa induced antibody-mediated rejection in mouse orthotopic lung transplant models. A Focus by Guerrero-Fonseca and Yipp explains how this work challenges the conventional view of the development of antibody-mediated rejection and highlights further implications for the clinic. Credit: A. Mastin/Science Translational Medicine

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Nature Metabolism

7_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

Multifaceted myokines Two concurrent studies highlight the dual role of feimin, a feeding-induced myokine, in regulating glucose homeostasis as well as physical performance during exercise. The image depicts staining of fibre types in the soleus muscle. See Shi, X., Hu, X., Fang, X. et al. and Peng, Y., Jia, L. et al. Image: Ying Peng. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.

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Maintaining mature melanocortin neurons Hypothalamic melanocortin neurons control energy homeostasis by modulating appetite. Here the authors reveal a role of the transcription factor Tbx3 as a regulator of the peptidergic identity and function of immature and mature mouse melanocortin neurons. See Quarta et al. Image: Alexandre Fisette. Cover Design: Sam Whitham.

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Vascular nutrient acquisition signals Ong et al. demonstrate how YAP/TAZ and mTORC1 signalling intersect in endothelial cells to regulate nutrient acquisition and vascular growth. The cover depicts a mouse retina, labelled for PECAM (cyan), VE-cadherin (grey) and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (red), indicating high mTORC1 signalling in angiogenic endothelial cells of the growing vascular network. See Ong et al. Image: Dr. Marco Castro, Angiogenesis & Metabolism Laboratory, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.

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Roles of muscle phospholipids in systemic metabolism Here, the authors show that phospholipids influence whole-body metabolic rate and counteract obesity by altering calcium signalling and inducing energy expenditure in muscle. See Verkerke et al. Image: Katsuhiko Funai, University of Utah. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.

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ACS Synthetic Biology

2025_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2025_2.png

B

The cover art for this issue of ACS Synthetic Biology is part of the ACS Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The image, titled "Pipetting Hand," was created by Michael Rosnach,

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The key economic indicators, namely, titer, rate, and yield (TRY) that, respectively, reflect the downstream processing, reactor size, and raw material costs, serve as useful ways to benchmark intensified fermentation processes. BioTRY provides a user-friendly interface for querying, browsing, and visualizing TRY records in microbial processes.

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In 2017, ACS Synthetic Biology had an amazing year, publishing more than 240 papers and sponsoring more than 10 conferences/events! We thank the authors, reviewers, and readers for your continued support of the journal and we look forward to working with you in 2018.

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The cover depicts a flexible and versatile DNA assembly strategy. Combining the automation friendly ligase cycling reaction method and the high fidelity in vivo yeast-based DNA assembly method, DNA assembler, allows for rapid, modular and massive construction of biological pathways and circuits from basic genetic parts. Artwork by Yongbo Yuan based on DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00117.

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Nature Sustainability

8_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/8_1.png

C

Tropical forest carbon loss Tropical forests store huge reserves of carbon but are under growing assault. Using satellite data, Zeng and colleagues show that annual carbon loss in tropical forests more than doubled between 2001 and 2019. Agricultural activities are driving most of this loss. See Feng et al. Image: LeoFFreitas / Moment / Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.

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Land use for net zero A rethinking of the agricultural sector is now critical for many countries to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. In Ireland, Duffy et al. find that a reduction in meat and dairy production alongside smart land management can pave the way to achieving this goal. However, maintaining carbon neutrality beyond 2050 may prove more challenging. See Duffy et al. Image: adrian davies / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.

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Sustainable rice farming in South Asia The overuse of nitrogen fertilizer in the production of rice can have detrimental environmental effects. With a large dataset from more than 31,000 farmer fields in South Asia, Coggins and colleagues identify pathways optimizing nitrogen use efficiency in rice cropping systems across the region. See Coggins et al. Image: Arunabh Bhattacharjee / Alamy Stock. Cover design: Alex Whitworth

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Food and energy co-production Scaling up use of renewable energy technologies can be limited by alternative land uses. Agrawal and colleagues propose the idea of ‘aglectric’ farming, pictured, and show with modelling how agricultural land can be shared sustainably for food and energy co-production. See Miskin et al. Image: Rakesh Agrawal. Cover Design: David Shand.

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Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

2024_16

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_16.png

D

Cannabis alleviates pain by potentiating glycine receptors at a lipid-facing binding site. The cover depicts one of the screened FDA-approved drugs producing even greater potentiation at the same site. (Wells, M. M.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2015, 58, 2958–2966) View the article.

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Chemically modified RNA molecules as potential therapeutics for various human diseases. Cover image designed by Ella Maru Studio, Inc. View the article.

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The cover shows potent Tan-IIA-based imidazole analogues can be developed as potential treatment agents to delay or prevent the metastasis of breast cancer in vivo.

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Semaglutide is a highly effective drug for type 2 diabetes and obesity. A hydrophobic fatty acid side chain in semaglutide makes the peptide sparingly soluble and its handling, multi-step synthesis, and purification difficult. Here, we replaced the fatty acid with an oligosaccharide, and the resulting glycosylated analogue is soluble, high-yielding, and biologically active. View the article.

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Trends in Cell Biology

34_3

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A

The musicians of Bremen, by unifying their forces through teamwork, were able to accomplish something that none of them could have done alone: they performed a strange concert to counteract the attack of bandits. In this issue, Costanzo et al. show that the same is true for CSA and CSB, which, by cooperating with other proteins in a ubiquitination complex, can accomplish and orchestrate functions pivotal for various molecular mechanisms, such as DNA repair, gene expression, and cell division. Cover design by Elena Paccosi & Luca Proietti De Santis.

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For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely, forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by Danielle Loughlin.

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For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely, forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by Danielle Loughlin.

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The cell cycle is a tightly regulated set of events that culminates in cell growth and division into two daughter cells. This special issue highlights recent findings that are revealing new regulatory mechanisms controlling the cell cycle as well as its links to development and disease, spindle and chromosome dynamics, and specialized cell cycle states such as quiescence. The cover depicts the emerging relationship between cell cycle state and cell invasion as highlighted in this issue by Kohrman and Matus (pages 12–25). Image designed by Travis Hill.

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Nature Electronics

7_3

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D

An elemental nonlinear Hall effect Thin films of the element bismuth — an environmentally friendly and scalable material — can exhibit a tunable room-temperature nonlinear Hall effect, which could be of use in the development of optoelectronic devices. The scanning electron microscopy image on the cover shows a bismuth Hall cross device, which is used to explore magnetotransport and the nonlinear Hall effect in the polycrystalline thin films. See Makushko et al. and News & Views by Belosevich et al. Image: © HZDR. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.

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Nanotube transistors get up to speed High-speed transistors that are based on arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes could potentially be scaled for operation in millimetre-wave and terahertz frequencies. The cover shows a scanning electron microscopy image of a six-finger nanotube transistor that is fabricated on a silicon wafer and can be used to build a radiofrequency amplifier. See Shi et al. Image: Lian-Mao Peng, Peking University. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.

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Two-dimensional materials go analogue Operational amplifiers can be fabricated from two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide field-effect transistors and used to create analogue feedback circuits such as inverting amplifiers, integrators, log amplifiers and transimpedance amplifiers. The cover shows an optical microscopy image of a chip containing these operational amplifiers (each with a footprint of around 0.04 mm2), as well as test transistors. See Polyushkin et al. Image: Thomas Mueller. Cover Design: Alex Wing.

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Two-dimensional devices stack up Graphene chemisensors and molybdenum disulfide memtransistors can be vertically stacked using a monolithic integration process to create near-sensor computing chips. The false-colour scanning electron microscopy image on the cover shows a two-tier cell containing two graphene chemitransistors located above two molybdenum disulfide memtransistors. See Ghosh et al. and News & Views by Han et al. Image: Saptarshi Das, Subir Ghosh, The Pennsylvania State University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop

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NATURE METHODS

21_7

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C

20 years of Nature Methods This month, Nature Methods celebrates its 20th anniversary with a special feature. See Editorial Image: Thomas Phillips, Springer Nature. Cover design: Thomas Phillips

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Visualization of functional connectivity in the human cerebral cortex based on magnetic resonance imaging data. Brain image by Joachim Böttger and Daniel Margulies (Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany) with compositing by Tobias S. Hoffmann. Cover composition by Erin Dewalt. Focus p479

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Mapping white matter in chimpanzee Transverse view of a whole-brain tract-density reconstruction of white matter pathways in the chimpanzee brain. Color indicates tissue orientation and brightness encodes density of reconstructed fiber streamlines. See Eichner et al. Image: Cornelius Eichner, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences. Cover design: Thomas Phillips

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High-speed two-photon microscopy Reverberation microscopy image of in vivo mouse brain vasculature. Multiple independent planes at different depths are imaged simultaneously. See Beaulieu et al. Image: Devin R. Beaulieu. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.

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Current Biology

34_17

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

On the cover: Images of Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (sea urchin), Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt), and Urechis caupo (innkeeper worm) meiotic and mitotic embryos stained for tubulin (orange) and DNA (cyan). Cell size and shape vary across species and within multicellular organisms, which correlates with changes in spindle size and shape to accomplish accurate division. In their “spindle zoo” paper, Crowder et al. (pages 1542–1550) analyze mitotic and meiotic spindles from a variety of animal species. They report that mitotic spindle length scaling to cell size is conserved during early embryogenesis across metazoans within a shared range of cell sizes, which is not observed for female meiotic spindles across species. These findings highlight the similarities and differences between spindle types within an organism and across animal species. Images by Marina E. Crowder.

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On the cover: In the life cycle of a moon jelly (Aurelia aurita), a polyp transforms into a cone-like stack of tiny jellyfishes that later on detach from each other and start an independent planktonic life. In this issue, Fuchs, Wang, and colleagues (pages 263–273) describe the molecular machinery that controls this seasonal polyp-to-jellyfish transition. Image by Friederike Anton-Erxleben.

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On the cover: A young colony of the cnidarian Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus. This animal, a close relative of jellyfish and corals, starts its post-embryonic life as a motile larva. During metamorphosis, it transforms into a sessile individual that grows clonally forming colonies. Members of the colony are genetically identical, sharing a gastrovascular space and a nervous system. Hydractinia is highly regenerative. It does not display age-related deterioration, nor does it develop cancer. Using single-cell transplantation, Varley et al. (pages 1883–1892) show that Hydractinia adult stem cells—known as i-cells—are pluripotent. A single i-cell can generate all somatic lineages and gametes. Image credit: Patricia Calcagno.

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On the cover: Corynactis californica is a corallimorph—which are the closest living relatives of stony corals—that lives in the cold waters of the Northeast Pacific. In this issue, Trznadel et al. show that Corynactis and many other anthozoans from this cold environment harbor corallicolids, apicomplexan parasites that commonly infect corals and were previously thought to be restricted to tropical coral reef ecosystems. Image by Patrick Keeling.

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NATURE GENETICS

56_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

Peanut global phenotypic variation Chloroplast and whole-genome sequencing of Arachis accessions sheds light on peanut evolutionary history and phenotypic diversification. See Zheng et al. Image: Nastasic/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.

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Mendel and memories In celebration of the 200th anniversary of Gregor Mendel’s birth and the 30th anniversary of the launch of Nature Genetics, we look both forwards and backwards at how far the genetics field has come. This cover image is inspired by the cover of the first issue of Nature Genetics in 1992. Image and Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.

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Engineering crop polyploid genomes Generation of clonal gametes in tomato enables polyploid genome design through controlled combination of pre-defined genome haplotypes. See Wang et al. Image: Rainer Franzen, Yazhong Wang and Rob Kesseler. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia

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Genome of Mendel’s peas The genome sequence of the pea Pisum sativum, the original model used by Johan Gregor Mendel to determine his law of inheritance, links the dawn of the genetics field to the modern sequencing era. See Kreplak et al. Image: Artwork by Erin Dewalt. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.

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BDJ In Practice

37_12

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

In this issue... In March's edition of BDJ In Practice, we take a look at the workforce and recruitment sector - the very foundations of the dental profession Cover illustration by Tim Marrs

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In this issue... Skill mix. What is it? How do we define it? What does success look like? How can you achieve success? Is it possible within the framework of the dental profession as we find it today? This month's cover feature asks those questions - and more Cover illustration by Tim Marrs

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In this issue... There's increasing chatter about the wider and fully integrated role of digital within the profession, and that includes the use of AI. So our cover feature looks at how it can be incorporated into everyday practice Cover illustration by Tim Marrs

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Volume 37 | Issue 1 | January In this issue we forecast developments in four areas of dentistry, take a closer look at how a life coach is relevant to dentistry and delve into the detail of England's Long Term Workforce Plan Cover illustration by Tim Marrs

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Bioconjugate Chemistry

2024_6

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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C

The cover figure depicts the bifunctional nature of a cyclodextrin-based neoglycoconjugate (compound 56 in the review), designed to be a forerunner of an "intelligent" drug delivery vehicle. The cyclodextrin torus (colored green) is capable of complexing drug molecules, which can be directed to a specific biological target by its carbohydrate antenna (colored purple). View the article.

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Innovations in radiometal bioconjugates have underpinned many significant clinical advances. This special issue of Bioconjugate Chemistry highlights new research in radiometal-based bioconjugates for molecular imaging and radiotherapy. This issue traverses the entire periodic table and the “spin wheel” on the cover represents the modularity of bioconjugate design. Namely, answering the clinical question, with the right targeting platform (e.g., antibody, peptide, small molecule...), with the best linking moiety, to the appropriate chelate, for radiolabeling with the diagnostic or therapeutic nuclide of choice.

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A norbornene-containing analogue of farnesyl diphosphate increases the utility of prenyltransferase-catalyzed protein labeling. In one application, a unique subset of prenylated proteins was observed via proteomics. In another

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The cover art shows an artistic rendition of the selective immobilization of quantum dot–peptide conjugates for single-particle fluorescence imaging via the use of tetrameric antibody complexes and a dextran-functionalized surface. This approach has numerous advantages and potential applications in biophysical and photophysical studies and digital assays.

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NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

25_7

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

Nature Immunology was launched 10 years ago this month. To commemorate our 10th anniversary, we asked several prominent scientists to imagine what the next decade of research might bring in particular areas of immunology (http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/tenthbirthday/index.html). Artwork by Lewis Long.

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Bridging the affinity gap in the germinal center In this issue, Ray et al. preclinically validate new immunogens to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) epitope on the HIV envelope protein, and demonstrate that germinal center kinetics are driven by affinity gaps between bnAb precursors and competing B cells over time. On the cover, using a retro National Parks postcard style, the affinity gap is portrayed as a canyon, with sturdier or more treacherous bridges for B cells to ‘cross’ via affinity maturation from high-to-high or low-to-high affinity. See Ray et al. Image: Christina Corbaci and Lars Hangartner. Cover design: Amie Fernandez

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Nature Immunology celebrates its fifth anniversary this month. To mark this occasion, we have assembled a collection of landmark papers from our pages that highlight the broad subject area covered by Nature Immunology in the past 5 years. This content is free online (http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/birthday/index.html) during July. Artwork by Lewis Long.

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20 years of Nature Immunology Twenty antibodies to reflect 20 years of Nature Immunology. To celebrate our anniversary, we have commissioned a series of Comments from some of our authors from the last 20 years that describe their landmark studies and how they drove immunology research forward. See https://www.nature.com/collections/fddiddjdcj Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.

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Caner Cell

43_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

On the cover: After one of the most challenging years marked by the COVID-19 pandemic and a call for social change to eliminate racism and increase diversity and equity in science, we want to bring hope for 2021. This issue of Cancer Cell features a Voices (pp. 1–2) discussing lessons learned in 2020 and upcoming changes in cancer research and oncology to shine some light on the future ahead.

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On the cover: The cover illustrates how glioblastoma (GBM) aligns its growth with the brain's daily rhythms. Inspired by artist Sophie Taeuber-Arp and designed by Dr. Olivia Walch, this visual highlights the daytime tumor growth driven by the circadian surge in glucocorticoids (green dots). Gonzalez-Aponte et al. discover that blocking circadian regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling slows GBM proliferation in both mouse and human GBM models. Targeting circadian mechanisms to combat GBM holds great promise and has significant implications for understanding how the circadian system may influence cancer progression, both within the brain and beyond.

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On the cover: Defeating a complex disease like cancer will require a united, concerted effort by different types of people from diverse backgrounds who can bring together distinctive experiences and ways of thinking. This issue of Cancer Cell features Voices, Letter, and Commentary pieces discussing the importance of diversity and immigration for the future of cancer research.

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On the cover: By applying spatial epitope barcoding, Rovira-Clave et al. (pp. 1423–1439) dissected the spatial composition of cancer cell clones, their phenotypes, and their cell states in xenografts of small-cell lung cancer. The pebbles represent the different clonal cancer cells and their patches arising in the tumor. The image was generated using Stable Diffusion, a latent text-to-image diffusion model.

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Nature Ecology & Evolution

8_1

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D

Pinniped population genomics A mixed breeding colony of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on San Miguel Island, California. See Peart et al. Image: Fritz Trillmich. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.

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One-way flow Polar bears diverged from brown bears roughly 500,000 years ago. However, analyses of a >100,000-year-old polar bear palaeogenome reveal that, as habitats shifted during the ice ages, the two species interbred. Today, although all brown bears exhibit ancestry from admixture with polar bears during the last interglacial period, polar bears do not retain brown bear ancestry. See Wang, M.-S. et al Image: Jenny E. Ross. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.

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Endless forms A celebration of some of the species that have featured in the pages of Nature Ecology & Evolution during 2018. See here for the names of all the species and the articles they appear in. Image: Rohan Chakravarty. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.

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Extreme bottlenecks In the 19th century, commercial hunters nearly drove the northern elephant seal to extinction. A combination of population genetics, veterinary pathology data, demographic modelling, whole-genome resequencing and genetic simulations suggests that this extreme population bottleneck probably purged much of this species’ genetic load, affecting post-bottleneck population dynamics and contemporary fitness variation. See Joseph I. Hoffman et al. Image: Martin Stoffel, Turing Institute, UK. Cover design: Allen Beattie

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