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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example solution: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Does atorvastatin affect insulin sensitivity and the adiponectin or leptin levels in hyperlipidemic Type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Atorvstatin does not affect insulin sensitivity and the adiponectin or leptin levels in hyperlipidemic Type 2 diabetes.
| Solution: no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
PROBLEM: Question: Are enemas , suppositories and rectal stimulation effective in accelerating enteral feeding or meconium evacuation in low-birthweight infants : a systematic review?
Answer: Suppositories were ineffective in shortening the time to reach full enteral feeding, and the evidence on enemas was contradictory. Enemas and rectal stimulation did not shorten the time until complete meconium evacuation was reached. Further research into safe, effective interventions to accelerate meconium excretion is needed.
SOLUTION: no
PROBLEM: Question: Is dietary docosahexaenoic acid-induced generation of liver lipid peroxides suppressed further by elevated levels of glutathione in ODS rats?
Answer: Higher than normal levels of dietary methionine are not necessarily associated with decreased dietary DHA-induced generation of tissue lipid peroxides and VE consumption except that the GSH requirement is increased in a condition such as acetaminophen feeding.
SOLUTION: no
PROBLEM: Question: Does insulin combined with Chinese medicine improve glycemic outcome through multiple pathways in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Answer: The results from our study showed that the combination therapy of SQF and insulin significantly improved the clinical outcome of type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with insulin monotherapy. The mechanism of improvement was possibly involved in the multiple pathways.
SOLUTION: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example input: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example output: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Is severity of hearing impairment positively associated with urine albumin excretion rate in patients with type 2 diabetes?
Answer: The present study showed increased albuminuria was positively associated with the severity of hearing impairment among patients with type 2 diabetes. Screening for hearing impairment in diabetic patients who develop albuminuria might provide early detection of hearing impairment.
A: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Is cD10 useful to identify gastrointestinal contamination in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration ( EUS-FNA ) cytology from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma?
Answer: As a loss of CD10 is a consistent feature of PDA, this marker can be useful, together with CEA, to aid the cytopathologist to identify neoplastic cells in a background rich in GI contaminant cells.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Does identification of structural alert for liver and kidney toxicity using repeated dose toxicity data?
Answer: It was not possible to assign an unambiguous mode of action for all the SAs, but a mechanistic explanation is provided for some of them. Such achievements may help in the early identification of liver and renal toxicity of substances.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Do patients with ClearCode34-identified molecular subtypes of clear cell renal cell carcinoma represent unique populations with distinct comorbidities?
Answer: ClearCode34, after considering distinct patterns of comorbidities in each molecular subtype, remains a strong prognostic tool in patients with ccRCC. Obesity and diabetes mellitus emerged as factors that may influence ccRCC phenotypes and further studies investigating the effect of these metabolic conditions functionally onto tumor biology are warranted. Additionally, use of angiotensin system inhibitors could be studied in the context of ccRCC molecular classification in future studies to better understand its effect on ccRCC outcomes.
[A]: | yes
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Q: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Is renal pathological change in patients with type 2 diabetes always diabetic nephropathy : a report of 52 cases?
Answer: NDRD was a common feature in Type 2-diabetic patients with renal involvement. The absence of retinopathy and short periods of diabetic history may be useful indicators for diagnosis of NDRD clinically.
A: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Do quantitative EEG markers relate to Alzheimer 's disease severity in the Prospective Dementia Registry Austria ( PRODEM )?
Answer: Selected QEEG markers show strong associations with AD severity. Both cognitive and resting state should be used for QEEG assessments.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Does interferon responsiveness change in treatment-experienced hepatitis C subjects : implications for drug development and clinical decisions?
Answer: We contend that P/R-experienced subjects are represented within treatment-naive subjects. There are 2 important implications of this finding: (1) from a drug development perspective, a successful direct antiviral plus P/R therapy (IFN-based triple therapy) trial in P/R-experienced subjects may serve as supportive evidence in treatment-naive subjects; and (2) from a clinical decision perspective, previous P/R exposure should not alter new treatment decisions involving IFN-based triple therapy, as the IFN responsiveness to a second course of IFN is comparable.
A: no
****
Q: Question: Is gastric feed intolerance increased in critically ill patients with type II diabetes mellitus?
Answer: In critically ill patients who require prolonged enteral nutrition, a prior history of DM type II does not appear to be a further risk factor for feed intolerance.
A: | no
****
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instruction:
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
question:
Question: Is the absolute nucleated red blood cell ( aNRBC ) count at birth an indicator for retinopathy of prematurity ( ROP )?
Answer: We are unable to support the previously reported relationship of aNRBCs with ROP. Our population was three times larger, had higher aNRBCs and less retinopathy than previously reported. A biological principle of cause and effect or predisposition to ROP as reflected by aNRBCs should have been easier for us to demonstrate, if it existed.
answer:
no
question:
Question: Does co-Transplantation of Skin-Derived Precursors and Collagen Sponge facilitate Diabetic Wound Healing by Promoting Local Vascular Regeneration?
Answer: Accelerated wound healing and enhanced local capillary regeneration could be observed 14 days after skin ablation from both SKPs and collagen sponge co-transplanted and collagen sponge only groups. Subsequent analyses further revealed superior pro-angiogenic effects from the SKP and collagen sponge co-delivered group, which are mainly attributable to in vivo transdifferentation and paracrine signalling of the SKPs.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Are fibular axes a reliable landmark for tibial mechanical axes of osteoarthritic knees that underwent total knee arthroplasty?
Answer: The angle between the tibial mechanical and fibular shaft axes differed among patients, independent of patient-specific factors, and did not appear to be a reliable intra-operative landmark. Surgeons should use values from individual pre-operative evaluations of the axis as reference for conventional TKA.
answer:
| no
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Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Does uncomplicated diabetes accelerate age-related sarcopenia?
Answer: Uncomplicated diabetes does not seem to accelerate aging-related muscle mass or strength loss. Exercise test parameters may be useful markers in the screening of sarcopenia.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does proper timing of adjuvant chemotherapy affect survival in patients with stage 2 and 3 gastric cancer?
Answer: There is insufficient evidence to suggest starting adjuvant chemotherapy within 4 weeks after surgery for patients with D2 resected stage 2 and 3 gastric cancer. However, delayed treatment of adjuvant chemotherapy after 8 weeks showed worse survival outcomes than early and intermediate treatment initiation, suggesting that adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered start within 8 weeks after radical resection.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is time point important for effects of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for type 1 diabetes in mice?
Answer: These results indicated that syn-BMT should be performed, when diabetes is neither too new-onset nor too late-stage. Tregs represent one mechanism for syn-BMT-induced restoration of immune tolerance in STZ-diabetic mice.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does truncation in the tcdC region of the Clostridium difficile PathLoc of clinical isolates predict increased biological activity of Toxin B or Toxin A?
Answer: Our data do not support a direct role for alterations in the tcdC gene as a predictor of hyperproduction of Toxin A and B in NAP1-related strains.
| Output: no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Does co-Transplantation of Skin-Derived Precursors and Collagen Sponge facilitate Diabetic Wound Healing by Promoting Local Vascular Regeneration?
Answer: Accelerated wound healing and enhanced local capillary regeneration could be observed 14 days after skin ablation from both SKPs and collagen sponge co-transplanted and collagen sponge only groups. Subsequent analyses further revealed superior pro-angiogenic effects from the SKP and collagen sponge co-delivered group, which are mainly attributable to in vivo transdifferentation and paracrine signalling of the SKPs.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Do changes in basophil activation during grass-pollen sublingual immunotherapy correlate with clinical efficacy?
Answer: Allergen reactivity of peripheral blood basophils is not a biomarker for adverse events or early onset of clinical responses to SLIT.
A: no
****
Q: Question: Does mechanical pleurodesis reduce recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax : a randomized trial?
Answer: Thoracoscopic mechanical pleurodesis did not significantly decrease primary spontaneous pneumothorax recurrence compared with simple wedge resection, but intraoperative bleeding and postoperative pleural drainage rates were higher. Younger age increases the risk of recurrence.
A: | no
****
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
See one example below:
Problem: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Is initial combination therapy with metformin , pioglitazone and exenatide more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes . Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes ( EDICT ) : a randomized trial?
Answer: The results of this exploratory study show that combination therapy with metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM is more effective and results in fewer hypoglycaemic events than sequential add-on therapy with metformin, sulfonylurea and then basal insulin.
Solution: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Let me give you an example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
The answer to this example can be: yes
Here is why: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
OK. solve this:
Question: Is baseline diabetic knowledge after 5-day teaching program an independent predictor of subclinical macroangiopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes ( Poznan Prospective Study )?
Answer: Baseline diabetic knowledge after 5-day teaching program is an independent predictor of subclinical macroangiopathy in patients with DM1.
Answer: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Let me give you an example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
The answer to this example can be: yes
Here is why: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
OK. solve this:
Question: Is mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus?
Answer: We found no obvious association of MAP with the incidence of T2DM in Sardinian patients.
Answer: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is meconium ileus in cystic fibrosis linked to central repetitive region length variation in MUC1 , MUC2 , and MUC5AC?
Answer: The genetic length variants in the central repetitive region of three MUC genes studied are not associated with MI in subjects with CF.
Output: no
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Are aerobic capacity and upper limb strength reduced in women diagnosed with breast cancer : a systematic review?
Answer: Aerobic capacity and upper extremity strength in women diagnosed with breast cancer are generally lower than population norms. Assessment of values for lower extremity strength is less conclusive. As more research is published, expected values for sub-groups by age, treatment, and co-morbidities should be developed. [Neil-Sztramko SE, Kirkham AA, Hung SH, Niksirat N, Nishikawa K Campbell KL (2014) Aerobic capacity and upper limb strength are reduced in women diagnosed with breast cancer: a systematic review.Journal of Physiotherapy60: 189-200].
| Output: yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Definition: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Do cytokine mobilization of bone marrow cells and pancreatic lesion improve streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice by transdifferentiation of bone marrow cells into insulin-producing cells?
Answer: We conclude that BMC cannot spontaneously transdifferentiate into insulin-producing cells in vivo, even after beta-cell lesion and mobilization induced by cytokines. Interestingly, however, treatment by cytokines may have beneficial indirect effects on STZ-induced hyperglycaemia.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
instruction:
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
question:
Question: Does the phospholipase A ( 2 ) inhibitor methyl indoxam suppress diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in mice?
Answer: These results show that oral supplementation of a diabetogenic diet with the Pla2g1b inhibitor methyl indoxam effectively suppresses diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. This suggests that Pla2g1b inhibition may be a potentially effective oral therapeutic option for treatment of obesity and diabetes.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Does carriage of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) C677T polymorphism influence the first and second trimester uterine artery Doppler flow?
Answer: In summary, the data presented in this adequately powered, prospective, controlled study establish that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism does not influence Doppler flow measurements.
answer:
no
question:
Question: Does transcranial magnetic stimulation reveal cortical hyperexcitability in episodic cluster headache?
Answer: We investigated cortical excitability in episodic cluster headache by using transcranial magnetic stimulation, providing evidence of cortical hyperexcitability in patients both inside and outside bout. We suggest that an abnormal state of cortical excitability could be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease.
answer:
| yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Ex Input:
Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Are polymorphisms in SPINK5 associated with asthma in a Dutch population?
Answer: The negative results in this study suggest that SPINK5 is not associated with asthma or atopic phenotypes in individuals ascertained by a proband with asthma. This is consistent with the finding that SPINK5 is not expressed in the lung. Because our patients were ascertained for asthma, a role of SPINK5 in atopic dermatitis cannot be excluded.
Ex Output:
no
Ex Input:
Question: Is microsatellite instability in human colonic cancer a useful clinical indicator of familial colorectal cancer?
Answer: Although some very small, and as yet undefined, proportion of colon cancer may be caused by inherited mutations leading to microsatellite instability, tumoral instability by itself is not a marker for familiality and should not be considered as evidence for an inherited syndrome.
Ex Output:
| no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Let me give you an example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
The answer to this example can be: yes
Here is why: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
OK. solve this:
Question: Do mesenchymal stem cells treated with rat pancreatic extract secrete cytokines that improve the glycometabolism of diabetic rats?
Answer: RPE enhanced the secretion of cytokines by MSCs. MSCs in the pancreatic microenvironment may exert indirect salutary effects via paracrine mediators on injured pancreatic cells in an STZ-induced diabetic animal model. The secreted factors may exert their therapeutic benefits by preventing apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells.
Answer: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Does mPGES-2 deletion remarkably enhance liver injury in streptozotocin-treated mice via induction of GLUT2?
Answer: mPGES-2 deletion enhanced STZ-induced liver toxicity possibly via GLUT2-mediated STZ uptake, independently of diabetes mellitus.
A: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Part 1. Definition
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Part 2. Example
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Answer: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Part 3. Exercise
Question: Does gestational diabetes mellitus alter apoptotic and inflammatory gene expression of trophobasts from human term placenta?
Answer: Maternal GDM results in heavier placentas with aberrant placental apoptotic and inflammatory gene expression that may account, at least partially, for macrosomia in newborns.
Answer: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Definition: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Does daily weight-bearing activity increase the risk of diabetic foot ulcers?
Answer: Increased weight-bearing activity did not increase the risk of foot re-ulceration. Further studies are needed to explore weight-bearing activities that are safe for those with diabetes and insensate feet.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Q: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Do sugar-Sweetened Beverages Are the Main Sources of Added Sugar Intake in the Mexican Population?
Answer: The average intake of added sugars in the Mexican diet is higher than WHO recommendations, which may partly explain the high prevalence of obesity and diabetes in Mexico. Because SSBs and HSFAS contribute >94% of total added sugars, strategies to reduce their intake should be strengthened. This includes stronger food labels to warn the consumer about the content of added sugars in foods and beverages.
A: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Do extremely cold and hot temperatures increase the risk of diabetes mortality in metropolitan areas of two Chinese cities?
Answer: The results indicate that both extremely cold and hot temperatures increase diabetes mortality in different manners in Harbin and Chongqing. Diabetes education programs should include information on either managing or combating the effects of extreme hot and cold weather.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Do infant and young child feeding practices differ by ethnicity of Vietnamese mothers?
Answer: Breastfeeding practices were suboptimal and differed by ethnicity, which suggests need for tailored interventions at multiple levels to address ethnic-specific challenges and norms. Complementary feeding practices were less optimal among ethnic minorities compared to Kinh, which suggests need for broad intervention including improved food availability, accessibility, and security.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Do [ Perinatal variables from newborns of Aymara mothers suggest a genetic adaptation to high altitude ]?
Answer: Altitude of residence is related to a decrease in perinatal variables that proved to be less pronounced in newborns of mothers with a higher degree of Aymara ancestry. RESULTS suggest a genetic adaptation to hypoxia that could be related to candidate genes linked to the capture, transport or utilization of oxygen.
| Output: yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Does a 12-week exercise program performed during the second trimester prevent gestational diabetes in healthy pregnant women?
Answer: A 12-week exercise program undertaken during the second trimester of pregnancy did not reduce the prevalence of gestational diabetes in pregnant women with BMI in the normal range. | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Are insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 and 7 concentrations lower in obese pregnant women , women with gestational diabetes and their fetuses?
Answer: At the time of term cesarean section, pre-existing maternal obesity and GDM are associated with lower IGFBP levels in maternal and cord plasma. Alterations in circulating IGF and IGFBPs may alter birthweight and/or neonatal adiposity. This may lead to alterations in optimal growth trajectory and lead to metabolic disorders later in life.
| yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Let me give you an example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
The answer to this example can be: yes
Here is why: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
OK. solve this:
Question: Is increased urine semaphorin-3A associated with renal damage in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease : a nested case-control study?
Answer: USEMA is independently associated with CKD in both diabetic and non diabetic hypertensive patients. Further studies may help clarify the mechanisms underlying this association and possibly the pathogenic changes leading to the development of CKD.
Answer: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Teacher:Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Question: Do advanced glycation end products inhibit the expression of collagens type I and III by human gingival fibroblasts?
Answer: AGEs may suppress the cell viability of HGFs and downregulate the expression of types I and III collagen by the cells. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of AGEs in the regulation of cell function and collagen metabolism in patients with diabetes and periodontitis.
Student: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
PROBLEM: Question: Is eD bedside point-of-care lactate in patients with suspected sepsis associated with reduced time to iv fluids and mortality?
Answer: Implementation of bedside POC lactate measurement in adult ED patients with suspected sepsis reduces time to test results and time to administration of IV fluids but not antibiotics. A significant reduction in mortality and ICU admissions was also demonstrated, which is likely due, at least in part, to POC testing.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Is mYC a metastasis gene for non-small-cell lung cancer?
Answer: Potential markers for detection of metastasis were identified and validated for diagnosis of human biopsies. These markers may represent targets for future therapeutic intervention as they include genes such as Gata4 that are exclusively expressed during lung development.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Is mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus?
Answer: We found no obvious association of MAP with the incidence of T2DM in Sardinian patients.
SOLUTION: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
See one example below:
Problem: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Is cardiac autonomic neuropathy in patients with uraemia related to pre-diabetes?
Answer: The prevalence of CAN and impaired glucose tolerance is high in uraemic patients, but impaired glucose tolerance seems to play no significant role in the aetiology of CAN in uraemic patients.
Solution: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Does prolonged use of human insulin increase breast cancer risk in Taiwanese women with type 2 diabetes?
Answer: This study discloses a significantly higher risk of breast cancer associated with prolonged use of human insulin. The increased risk of breast cancer associated with human insulin use may be modified by medications such as metformin, statin and ACEI/ARB.
Output: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Problem:Question: Is elevated alanine aminotransferase activity associated with dyslipidemias , but related to insulin resistance and higher disease grades in non-diabetic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
Answer: This study shows that the associations of increased ALT serum levels in NAFLD patients are different from what are supposed before. By excluding diabetic patients from our population, we find that increased ALT levels are not associated with dyslipidemias but are independently associated with insulin resistance and NAFLD grading on ultrasonographic evaluations. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.
Solution: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Definition: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Are three novel polymorphisms in the promoter region of the TIMP-3 gene associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Answer: Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the TIMP-3 gene were not associated with the PDR in the Caucasian T2DM patients.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Teacher:Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Question: Is hydrogen peroxide production primarily increased in human myotubes established from type 2 diabetic subjects?
Answer: Our result indicates that the ROS production is not primarily increased in diabetic myotubes but rather is reduced. Moreover, the comparable ATP/H(2)O(2) ratios indicate that the reduced ROS production in diabetic myotubes parallels the reduced ATP production because ROS production in diabetic myotubes must be considered to be in a proportion comparable to lean. Thus, the increased ROS production seen in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic patients is an adaptation to the in vivo conditions.
Student: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
One example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution is here: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this: Question: Is autoimmune thyroiditis in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus associated with elevated IgG4 but not with low vitamin D?
Answer: There was no difference of vitamin D levels between the groups. Only a small percentage of patients with type 1 diabetes also having autoimmune thyroiditis had elevated serum IgG4 levels, revealing the heterogeneity of autoimmune thyroiditis and existence of IgG4 thyroiditis in the pediatric age group. Total IgG, the other IgG subclasses, and vitamin D levels did not differ in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes compared to those suffering only from type 1 diabetes.
Solution: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Do expanded effector memory T-lymphocytes in DBA/2 mice inhibit the growth of SL2 tumours?
Answer: SL2 tumours induce expansion of effector memory lymphocytes in DBA/2 mice. However, expanded effector memory lymphocytes do not inhibit the growth of tumours.
Output: no
Input: Consider Input: Question: Are variants in TNFAIP3 , STAT4 , and C12orf30 loci associated with multiple autoimmune diseases also associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
Answer: We have demonstrated associations between JIA and variants in the TNFAIP3, STAT4, and C12orf30 regions that have previously shown associations with other autoimmune diseases, including RA and systemic lupus erythematosus. Our results suggest that clinically distinct autoimmune phenotypes share common genetic susceptibility factors.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does diabetes alter mortality or hemostatic and inflammatory responses in patients with severe sepsis?
Answer: Although diabetes is a risk factor for sepsis, once established, the outcome of severe sepsis does not appear to be significantly influenced by the presence of diabetes. In nondiabetic patients, however, admission hyperglycemia is associated with an increased mortality.
| Output: no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Teacher: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Reason: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this instance: Question: Is l-arginine-induced vasodilation of the renal vasculature altered in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes?
Answer: L-arginine-induced vasodilation of the renal vasculature is not different between a group of hypertensive diabetic patients and a young, healthy reference group. These data were obtained using low-dose L-arginine infusion.
Student: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Does pioglitazone improve the cardio-ankle vascular index in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin?
Answer: These results suggest that pioglitazone improves CAVI, a BP-independent arterial stiffness parameter, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin.
A: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example Input: Question: Is tumor invasion depth a useful pathologic assessment for predicting outcomes in cervical squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant radiotherapy?
Answer: The TID or TIDC measured at the cervical internal surface is a useful and easily applied pathologic prognostic factor for distant metastasis and survival outcomes in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant RT or CCRT.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Does a novel biomechanical device improve gait pattern in patient with chronic nonspecific low back pain?
Answer: Patients with NSLBP treated with the novel biomechanical device for 3 months increased walking speed through longer step length and eliminated asymmetrical differences.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Is severity of hearing impairment positively associated with urine albumin excretion rate in patients with type 2 diabetes?
Answer: The present study showed increased albuminuria was positively associated with the severity of hearing impairment among patients with type 2 diabetes. Screening for hearing impairment in diabetic patients who develop albuminuria might provide early detection of hearing impairment.
Example Output: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Do perioperative doses of ondansetron or dolasetron lengthen the QT interval?
Answer: The average QTc prolongation from baseline was only 6%. Perioperative use of ondansetron or dolasetron was not associated with extended QT prolongation, and these results did not vary by diabetic status. Perioperative use of 5HT3R antagonists does not produce potentially dangerous perioperative electrocardiographic changes and does not seem to warrant a drug safety warning from the Food and Drug Administration.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Part 1. Definition
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Part 2. Example
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Answer: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Part 3. Exercise
Question: Does blockade of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway ameliorate delayed gastric emptying in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats?
Answer: Inflammation was associated with the development of delayed gastric emptying, and blockade of p38 MAPK pathway with SB203580 ameliorates delayed gastric emptying in diabetic rats, at least in part, by inhibiting the expression of iNOS, TNF-a and IL-1β. Therefore, p38MAPK may serve as a novel target for the therapy of diabetes-related gastrointestinal dysmotility.
Answer: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Is time point important for effects of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for type 1 diabetes in mice?
Answer: These results indicated that syn-BMT should be performed, when diabetes is neither too new-onset nor too late-stage. Tregs represent one mechanism for syn-BMT-induced restoration of immune tolerance in STZ-diabetic mice.
A: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
One example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution is here: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this: Question: Is the PlA1/A2 polymorphism of platelet glycoprotein IIIa associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes . The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health study?
Answer: The GPIIIa PlA1/A2 polymorphism is not associated with type 2 diabetes, glucose metabolism, angiographic CHD or myocardial infarction.
Solution: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Q: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Are plasma levels of MMP-2 , MMP-9 and TIMP-1 associated with arterial stiffness in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Answer: In patients with T2DM, plasma levels of MMP and TIMP-1 are not associated with arterial stiffness assessed by either AD or augmentation index.
A: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Teacher:Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Question: Does mild cognitive dysfunction affect diabetes mellitus control in minority elderly adults?
Answer: Cognitive dysfunction in the mild range did not seem to affect diabetes mellitus control parameters in this multiethnic cohort of older adults with diabetes mellitus, although it cannot be excluded that cognitive impairment was overcome through assistance from formal or informal caregivers. It is possible that more-severe cognitive dysfunction could affect control.
Student: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
One example is below.
Q: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
A: yes
Rationale: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Does increased molar proinsulin-to-insulin ratio in women with previous gestational diabetes predict later impairment of glucose tolerance?
Answer: The hypothesis that an increased fasting PI/I is a marker for later development of NIDDM or IGT in former GDM subjects could not be supported.
A: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Does statin therapy improve lung function in asthma : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials?
Answer: In conclusion, there is currently insufficient evidence to show that statins improve lung function in patients with asthma.
Answer: no
Question: Question: Does the phospholipase A ( 2 ) inhibitor methyl indoxam suppress diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in mice?
Answer: These results show that oral supplementation of a diabetogenic diet with the Pla2g1b inhibitor methyl indoxam effectively suppresses diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. This suggests that Pla2g1b inhibition may be a potentially effective oral therapeutic option for treatment of obesity and diabetes.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Is the cytoplasmic location of chicken mx the determining factor for its lack of antiviral activity?
Answer: The chicken Mx protein (Asn631) lacks inhibitory effects against THOV and NDV, and is unable to suppress influenza replication when artificially re-localised to the cell nucleus. Thus, the natural cytoplasmic localisation of the chicken Mx protein does not account for its lack of antiviral activity.
Answer: | no
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instruction:
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
question:
Question: Is mYC a metastasis gene for non-small-cell lung cancer?
Answer: Potential markers for detection of metastasis were identified and validated for diagnosis of human biopsies. These markers may represent targets for future therapeutic intervention as they include genes such as Gata4 that are exclusively expressed during lung development.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Does renal excretion of fluoride after fluoride mouth rinse in children?
Answer: After the use of a fluoride mouthwash, in children, there is a statistically significant increase of fluoride ion in urine, which can be attributed to the application of this product.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Is for the majority of patients with diabetes blood pressure and lipid management in line with recommendations . Results from a large population-based cohort in Germany?
Answer: For most elderly with diabetes cardiovascular risk factor management continues to be not in line with recommendations.
answer:
| no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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instruction:
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
question:
Question: Does the tissue Doppler imaging derived post-systolic velocity notch originate at the aortic annulus?
Answer: The AA represents the site of the earliest onset and maximal amplitude of the PSN on the longitudinal velocity curve suggesting its mechanism to be that of an energy release at the instant of the aortic valve closure causing an apically directed acceleration of the myocardium. A substantial number of healthy subjects exhibit a second PSN spike predominantly at the level of the AA. Its mechanism remains to be elucidated.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Does a null mutation in ANGPTL8 associate with either plasma glucose or type 2 diabetes in humans?
Answer: Disruption of ANGPTL8 function in humans does not seem to have a large effect on measures of glucose tolerance.
answer:
no
question:
Question: Is small bowel capsule endoscopy in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding : normalcy reassuring?
Answer: Approximately one quarter of patients with OGIB and negative SBCE examination will experience rebleeding, with higher incidence among men; thus, a negative SBCE in this setting is not reassuring. As the vast majority of rebleeding episodes seem to occur within the following 2 years after SBCE, the maintenance of regular medical surveillance during the above-mentioned period of time after a negative SBCE seems advisable.
answer:
| no
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TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
PROBLEM: Question: Are mutational status of KIT and PDGFRA and expression of PDGFRA associated with prognosis after curative resection of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( GISTs )?
Answer: Our data do not support the notion that expression of PDGFRA or mutations in KIT or PDGFRA are independent prognostic factors after curative resection of primary GIST.
SOLUTION: no
PROBLEM: Question: Do patients with ClearCode34-identified molecular subtypes of clear cell renal cell carcinoma represent unique populations with distinct comorbidities?
Answer: ClearCode34, after considering distinct patterns of comorbidities in each molecular subtype, remains a strong prognostic tool in patients with ccRCC. Obesity and diabetes mellitus emerged as factors that may influence ccRCC phenotypes and further studies investigating the effect of these metabolic conditions functionally onto tumor biology are warranted. Additionally, use of angiotensin system inhibitors could be studied in the context of ccRCC molecular classification in future studies to better understand its effect on ccRCC outcomes.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Does cardiac myocyte transplantation increase global epicardial repolarization heterogeneity in a rat infarct model?
Answer: Both fetal cardiomyocyte engraftment in the normal myocardium and coronary ligation increased repolarization heterogeneity. However, fetal cardiomyocyte engraftment in an infarcted region did not further increase repolarization heterogeneity.
SOLUTION: | no
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Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Does exome sequencing identify novel ApoB loss-of-function mutations causing hypobetalipoproteinemia in type 1 diabetes?
Answer: The identification of ApoB loss-of-function mutations in type 1 diabetic patients presents innovative cases to study the interaction between hypobetalipoproteinemia and insulin deficiency.
Output: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Ex Input:
Question: Is assessment of joint space narrowing with conventional standing antero-posterior radiographs : relief in mild-to-moderate pain a confounder in recent osteoarthritis structure-modifying drug trials?
Answer: Knee pain relief did not bias the report of a structure-modifying effect of glucosamine sulfate in two recent long-term trials, possibly due to the mild-to-moderate patient characteristics. Consensus deliverables should acknowledge that the potential limitations of conventional standing antero-posterior radiographs should not be overestimated since they may not apply to all patient populations and to all studies using this gold standard technique.
Ex Output:
no
Ex Input:
Question: Do extremely cold and hot temperatures increase the risk of diabetes mortality in metropolitan areas of two Chinese cities?
Answer: The results indicate that both extremely cold and hot temperatures increase diabetes mortality in different manners in Harbin and Chongqing. Diabetes education programs should include information on either managing or combating the effects of extreme hot and cold weather.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Do the periurethral glands significantly influence the serum prostate specific antigen concentration?
Answer: The greatest difference in median PSA levels that could be found between men with and without periurethral glands when using 3 different ultra-sensitive assays was 0.01 ng./ml., indicating that the periurethral glands do not have a clinically significant effect on serum PSA concentration after radical prostatectomy. Thus, a serum PSA level above the residual cancer detection limit following radical prostatectomy, even if obtained with a ultra-sensitive assay, reflects either malignant or benign residual prostatic tissue, rather than the presence of periurethral glands.
Ex Output:
| no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Ex Input:
Question: Does classical swine fever virus induce oxidative stress in swine umbilical vein endothelial cells?
Answer: Our results indicated that CSFV infection induced oxidative stress in SUVECs. These findings provide novel information on the mechanism by which CSFV can alter intracellular events associated with the viral infection.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Are proliferation of colo-357 pancreatic carcinoma cells and survival of patients with pancreatic carcinoma altered by insulin glargine?
Answer: Regular human insulin and insulin glargine may be used to treat diabetes in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Ex Output:
no
Ex Input:
Question: Do subgenotypes of hepatitis B virus genotype C correlate with disease progression of chronic hepatitis B in Taiwan?
Answer: Subgenotypes of HBV/C may not have a clinical impact on the disease progression of chronic hepatitis B in Taiwan.
Ex Output:
| no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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instruction:
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
question:
Question: Are perioperative nonselective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs associated with anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery?
Answer: There does not appear to be a significant association between perioperative ketorolac use and anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery. However, further prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings before definitive guidelines on NSAID use perioperatively can be recommended.
answer:
no
question:
Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Does hyperinsulinaemia during exercise suppress hepatic glycogen concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes : a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study?
Answer: In patients with type 1 diabetes, hyperinsulinaemic and hyperglycaemic conditions during moderate exercise did not suppress hepatic glycogen concentrations. These findings do not support the hypothesis that exercise-induced hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes is due to suppression of hepatic glycogen mobilisation.
answer:
| no
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Is visceral adiposity associated with altered myocardial glucose uptake measured by ( 18 ) FDG-PET in 346 subjects with normal glucose tolerance , prediabetes , and type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Our findings indicate visceral adiposity is strongly associated with the alteration of myocardial glucose uptake evaluated by (18)FDG-PET, and its association further relates to T2DM. | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Teacher:Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Question: Does duodenal-jejunal bypass improve diabetes and liver steatosis via enhanced glucagon-like peptide-1 elicited by bile acids?
Answer: Duodenal-jejunal bypass might improve diabetes and liver steatosis by enhancing GLP-1 secretion through increasing serum bile acids and the proliferation of L cells in the ileum, compared with liraglutide.
Student: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Is shock wave lithotripsy for renal stones associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus?
Answer: Our findings suggest that SWL treatment for renal and UPJ stones might not be associated with new onset of hypertension or DM. | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Ex Input:
Question: Is lamin A/C deficiency an independent risk factor for cervical cancer?
Answer: Lamin A/C deficiency may serve as an independent risk factor for CIN development and as an indicator for preventive therapy in cervical cancer.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Does dll1 haploinsufficiency in adult mice lead to a complex phenotype affecting metabolic and immunological processes?
Answer: In conclusion, slight alterations in one player of Notch signaling alter the entire organism, emphasizing the fine-tuning character of this pathway in a high number of processes.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Does neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor slow progression of retinal nonperfusion in patients with diabetic macular edema?
Answer: Just as high VEGF levels contribute to progression of retinal nonperfusion in retinal vein occlusion, the same is true in patients with DME, suggesting that regardless of the underlying disease process, high levels of VEGF can cause closure of retinal vessels. However, our data also suggest that VEGF-induced worsening of retinal perfusion in DME is superimposed on another cause of more gradually worsening perfusion, possibly glucotoxicity. Thus, monthly injections of ranibizumab can slow, but not completely prevent, retinal capillary closure in patients with DME.
Ex Output:
| yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Does an ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca catheter technique impair ambulatory ability within a clinical pathway for total hip arthroplasty?
Answer: BMI affects postoperative ambulation outcome after hip arthroplasty, whereas the type of regional analgesic technique used does not. An ultrasound-guided FIC technique offers similar analgesia with fewer side effects when compared with ITM.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Are standard equations accurate in assessing resting energy expenditure in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
Answer: We found that standard equations used to calculate energy expenditure were not valid for patients with ALS. Moreover, the majority of our patients were either overfed or underfed. As underfeeding can cause diaphragm impairment, and overfeeding can increase ventilatory load, indirect calorimetry should be considered in ALS patients to determine optimal caloric requirement.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Is hydrogen peroxide production primarily increased in human myotubes established from type 2 diabetic subjects?
Answer: Our result indicates that the ROS production is not primarily increased in diabetic myotubes but rather is reduced. Moreover, the comparable ATP/H(2)O(2) ratios indicate that the reduced ROS production in diabetic myotubes parallels the reduced ATP production because ROS production in diabetic myotubes must be considered to be in a proportion comparable to lean. Thus, the increased ROS production seen in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic patients is an adaptation to the in vivo conditions.
[EX A]: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example Input: Question: Is unexplained elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein predictive of adverse perinatal outcome in an indigent urban population?
Answer: Elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels offer little if any additional predictive value for adverse perinatal outcome in populations already at high risk for such outcomes on the basis of obstetric or socioeconomic criteria.
Example Output: no
Example Input: Question: Is cardiac autonomic neuropathy in patients with uraemia related to pre-diabetes?
Answer: The prevalence of CAN and impaired glucose tolerance is high in uraemic patients, but impaired glucose tolerance seems to play no significant role in the aetiology of CAN in uraemic patients.
Example Output: no
Example Input: Question: Is hepatic steatosis prevalent in stillborns delivered to women with diabetes mellitus?
Answer: This study is the first to our knowledge to demonstrate a specific association between fetal hepatic steatosis and maternal diabetes.
Example Output: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Do interictal epileptiform discharges have an independent association with cognitive impairment in children with lesional epilepsy?
Answer: Overall, IED effects on cognition were of a magnitude similar to lesional influences or drug effects (topiramate use). This study demonstrates an association between IEDs and cognitive dysfunction, independent of the underlying focal brain pathology.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Does degenerative spondylolisthesis affect the outcome of unilateral laminotomy with bilateral decompression in patients with lumbar stenosis?
Answer: Our study thus indicates that preoperative degenerative spondylolisthesis does not worsen the outcome of patients with lumbar stenosis undergoing unilateral laminotomy with bilateral decompression. These results suggest that lumbar fusion is often unnecessary in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis and lumbar stenosis if the posterior decompression technique is unilateral laminotomy with bilateral decompression.
Answer: no
Question: Question: Does blockade of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway ameliorate delayed gastric emptying in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats?
Answer: Inflammation was associated with the development of delayed gastric emptying, and blockade of p38 MAPK pathway with SB203580 ameliorates delayed gastric emptying in diabetic rats, at least in part, by inhibiting the expression of iNOS, TNF-a and IL-1β. Therefore, p38MAPK may serve as a novel target for the therapy of diabetes-related gastrointestinal dysmotility.
Answer: | yes
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Does co-Transplantation of Skin-Derived Precursors and Collagen Sponge facilitate Diabetic Wound Healing by Promoting Local Vascular Regeneration?
Answer: Accelerated wound healing and enhanced local capillary regeneration could be observed 14 days after skin ablation from both SKPs and collagen sponge co-transplanted and collagen sponge only groups. Subsequent analyses further revealed superior pro-angiogenic effects from the SKP and collagen sponge co-delivered group, which are mainly attributable to in vivo transdifferentation and paracrine signalling of the SKPs.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Does the Drosophila Chmp1 protein determine wing cell fate through regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling?
Answer: Drosophila Chmp1 negatively regulates DER signaling, likely through its role in MVB formation. Loss of Chmp1 activity in the Drosophila wing induces a cell fate change from intervein to vein that should provide a useful tool for future studies of ESCRT protein activity.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Does pathologic heterogeneity persist in early active multiple sclerosis lesions?
Answer: These findings continue to support the concept of patient-dependent immunopathological heterogeneity in early MS and suggest that the mechanisms and targets of tissue injury may differ among patient subgroups. These observations have potentially significant implications for individualized therapeutic approaches.
A: | yes
****
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Part 1. Definition
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Part 2. Example
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Answer: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Part 3. Exercise
Question: Are pro-atherogenic mediators and subclinical atherogenesis related to epicardial adipose tissue thickness in patients with cardiovascular risk?
Answer: EAT thickness was associated with MDA, CIMT, age, waist circumference, HDL-C and FS globally, but with NO only in patients with FS≥20. EAT may be used to identify vascular damage stage, possibly influenced by MDA and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Answer: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Q: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Do elevated serum uric acid concentrations independently predict cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic patients?
Answer: Higher serum uric acid levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic patients, independent of several potential confounders, including renal function measures.
A: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Problem:Question: Is carotid artery stenosis exacerbated in spontaneously obese model rats with diabetes?
Answer: The OLETF rats were obese, and diabetes worsened the degree of carotid artery stenosis. These results indicate the possibility of new therapies for carotid artery stenosis in obese and diabetic patients.
Solution: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
One example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution is here: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this: Question: Do advanced glycation end products inhibit the expression of collagens type I and III by human gingival fibroblasts?
Answer: AGEs may suppress the cell viability of HGFs and downregulate the expression of types I and III collagen by the cells. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of AGEs in the regulation of cell function and collagen metabolism in patients with diabetes and periodontitis.
Solution: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Does oligofructose affect the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by dietary proteins in the diabetes-prone BB rat model?
Answer: In the BB rat model, 5% OF in the diet did not have any protective effects against diet-induced T1DM. The present data do not suggest dietary OF as a promising approach for the dietary prevention of T1DM.
A: no
****
Q: Question: Does renal excretion of fluoride after fluoride mouth rinse in children?
Answer: After the use of a fluoride mouthwash, in children, there is a statistically significant increase of fluoride ion in urine, which can be attributed to the application of this product.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Does topiramate affect the acquisition or expression of ethanol conditioned place preference in DBA/2J or C57BL/6J mice?
Answer: These findings indicate that topiramate has no effect on ethanol's rewarding or conditioned rewarding effects as indexed by the place conditioning procedure. Thus, these studies raise the possibility that topiramate's efficacy in the treatment of alcoholism results from its impact on brain areas other than those that mediate ethanol's rewarding or conditioned rewarding effects. One alternative possibility is that topiramate decreases withdrawal-induced negative affective states that normally contribute to relapse.
A: | no
****
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Let me give you an example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
The answer to this example can be: yes
Here is why: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
OK. solve this:
Question: Is elevated alanine aminotransferase activity associated with dyslipidemias , but related to insulin resistance and higher disease grades in non-diabetic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
Answer: This study shows that the associations of increased ALT serum levels in NAFLD patients are different from what are supposed before. By excluding diabetic patients from our population, we find that increased ALT levels are not associated with dyslipidemias but are independently associated with insulin resistance and NAFLD grading on ultrasonographic evaluations. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.
Answer: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Output: yes
The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input case for you: Question: Does continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion increase the risk of organ-specific autoimmune disease in type 1 diabetic patients : results of a multicentric , comparative study?
Answer: As previously shown AIA (anti-insulin antibodies) levels were higher in CIpii than in CSII (32.9% vs 20.2%, P<0.0001) but no correlation was observed with either clinical or subclinical autoimmune disease. This large-scale study eliminates the possibility that CIpii increases the risk of autoimmune disease.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Part 1. Definition
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Part 2. Example
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Answer: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Part 3. Exercise
Question: Is serum dipeptidyl peptidase-4 associated with multiple vertebral fractures in type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Answer: We firstly showed that high level of serum DPP-4 is associated with prevalent multiple VFs independently of BMD and bone formation in men with T2DM.
Answer: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example solution: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Do combined effects of obesity and type 2 diabetes contribute to increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women?
Answer: Obesity and type 2 diabetes, owing to their effects on adipocytokines and inflammatory mediators, contribute to increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. This study emphasizes healthy life style and better management of these metabolic disorders to avoid the pathogenesis of breast cancer and of other chronic diseases.
| Solution: yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Does the presence of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or atypia on prostate biopsy adversely affect prostatectomy outcomes for patients otherwise eligible for active surveillance?
Answer: The presence of HGPIN or ASAP does not increase the risk of upgrading, upstaging, or adverse pathology at the time of prostatectomy for patients who meet the AS criteria. If otherwise suitable, HGPIN and ASAP should not impact the decision to choose AS. However, analysis of prospective AS trials is required to determine if HGPIN or ASAP impacts tumor progression once on AS.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Does mR spectroscopy indicate diffuse multiple sclerosis activity during remission?
Answer: The absence of early tissue atrophy and apparent axonal dysfunction (NAA loss) in these RR MS patients suggests that both are preceded by diffuse glial proliferation (astrogliosis), as well as possible inflammation, demyelination and remyelination reflected by elevated mI, Cho and Cr, even during clinical remission and despite immunomodulatory treatment.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Does casein glycomacropeptide-derived peptide IPPKKNQDKTE ameliorate high glucose-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via activation of AMPK signaling?
Answer: IPPKKNQDKTE prevents high glucose-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells by modulating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through AMPK activation, indicating that IPPKKNQDKTE plays a potential role in the prevention and treatment of hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
[EX A]: | yes
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You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Why? The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input: Question: Does ethanolic Ginkgo biloba leaf extract prevent renal fibrosis through Akt/mTOR signaling in diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: GbE can prevent renal fibrosis in rats with diabetic nephropathy, which is most likely to be associated with its abilities to inhibit the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Solution: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Do infant and young child feeding practices differ by ethnicity of Vietnamese mothers?
Answer: Breastfeeding practices were suboptimal and differed by ethnicity, which suggests need for tailored interventions at multiple levels to address ethnic-specific challenges and norms. Complementary feeding practices were less optimal among ethnic minorities compared to Kinh, which suggests need for broad intervention including improved food availability, accessibility, and security.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Is time point important for effects of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for type 1 diabetes in mice?
Answer: These results indicated that syn-BMT should be performed, when diabetes is neither too new-onset nor too late-stage. Tregs represent one mechanism for syn-BMT-induced restoration of immune tolerance in STZ-diabetic mice.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Do phosphorus application and elevated CO2 enhance drought tolerance in field pea grown in a phosphorus-deficient vertisol?
Answer: Phosphorus application and eCO2 interactively enhanced periodic drought tolerance in field pea as a result of decreased stomatal conductance, deeper rooting and high Pi availability for carbon assimilation in leaves.
[EX A]: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Does the bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist BI113823 reverse inflammatory hyperalgesia by desensitization of peripheral and spinal neurons?
Answer: The selective bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist BI113823 reduces CFA-induced mechanical hyperalgesia which is mediated via antagonism of peripheral as well as spinal bradykinin B1 receptors. The selective modulation of CFA-sensitized spinal NS neurons by BI113823 could be a promising property for the treatment of inflammatory pain.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Does transdermal oxygen improve sternal wound oxygenation in patients recovering from cardiac surgery?
Answer: Additional inspired oxygen improved Pao(2) and sternal wound PsqO(2) after bypass and may, consequently, reduce infection risk. However, oxygen insufflated locally into an occlusive dressing did not improve wound PsqO(2) and, therefore, does not appear to be useful clinically in cardiac surgery patients to reduce sternal wound infections.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Does twelve week liraglutide or sitagliptin affect hepatic fat in type 2 diabetes : a randomised placebo-controlled trial?
Answer: Twelve-week liraglutide or sitagliptin treatment does not reduce hepatic steatosis or fibrosis in type 2 diabetes.
[EX A]: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example input: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example output: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Is type 1 diabetes associated with an increased prevalence of hepatic steatosis?
Answer: Our data showed that Type 1 diabetes was not associated with an increased prevalence of steatosis. Moreover, our study provided no specific arguments concerning a link between liver fat content and diabetic complications in patients with Type 1 diabetes.
A: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Do alterations of the Lamina Cribrosa Are Associated with Peripapillary Retinoschisis in Glaucoma and Pachychoroid Spectrum Disease?
Answer: Enhanced depth imaging OCT of the LC demonstrated alterations associated with peripapillary retinoschisis, pachychoroid spectrum diseases, and glaucoma.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Does ginsenoside Rg3 improve erectile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats?
Answer: Oral gavage with Rg3 appears to both prevent degeneration of neurons in the dorsal nerves and exert an antioxidant effect in the corpus cavernosum of rats.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Does prolonged P wave duration predict stroke mortality among type 2 diabetic patients with prevalent non-major macrovascular disease?
Answer: As an easily measurable factor P wave duration merits further studies with higher number of patients to evaluate its importance in the estimation of stroke risk in type 2 diabetic patients with PNMMVD.
Answer: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Are factors associated with HIV infection the same for all women?
Answer: Factors vary in importance and significance of association with HIV infection in different subpopulations of women resident in Great Britain. This diversity is also likely to occur in other populations. It is important to identify these differences between subpopulations. Prevention and control policies and activities for HIV/AIDS cannot treat all women as if they were the same.
[A]: no
[Q]: Question: Is time point important for effects of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for type 1 diabetes in mice?
Answer: These results indicated that syn-BMT should be performed, when diabetes is neither too new-onset nor too late-stage. Tregs represent one mechanism for syn-BMT-induced restoration of immune tolerance in STZ-diabetic mice.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Does the mechanism of formation of bony spur ( enthesophytes ) in the achilles tendon?
Answer: Bony spurs can develop in the Achilles tendon without the need for preceding microtears or any inflammatory reaction, and they form by endochondral ossification of enthesis fibrocartilage. The increased surface area created at the tendon-bone junction may be an adaptive mechanism to ensure the integrity of the interface in response to increased mechanical loads.
[A]: | yes
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example Input: Question: Is vincristine-induced neuropathy in the rat modified by drug-drug interactions with the P-glycoprotein inhibitor verapamil?
Answer: Behavioral pain tests did not reveal an increase in vincristine neurotoxicity following combination treatment with verapamil and vincristine. This regimen only led to a slight increase in general toxicity.
Example Output: no
Example Input: Question: Do rates of labor induction and primary cesarean delivery correlate with rates of adverse neonatal outcome in level I hospitals?
Answer: Crude and adjusted rates of labor induction and PCD vary among level I hospitals, but with no consistent effect on neonatal outcome.
Example Output: no
Example Input: Question: Do novel meta-analysis-derived type 2 diabetes risk loci determine prediabetic phenotypes?
Answer: In contrast to the first series of GWA-derived type 2 diabetes candidate SNPs, we could not detect reliable associations of the novel risk loci with prediabetic phenotypes. Possible weak effects of ADAMTS9 SNP rs4607103 and VEGFA SNP rs9472138 on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, respectively, await further confirmation by larger studies.
Example Output: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Teacher:Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Question: Does acute disruption of glucagon secretion or action improve glucose tolerance in an insulin-deficient mouse model of diabetes?
Answer: Disruption of glucagon action/secretion did not improve glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. Near-total alpha cell elimination may have prevented further deterioration. Our findings support insulin lack as the major factor underlying hyperglycaemia in beta cell-deficient diabetes.
Student: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Is time point important for effects of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for type 1 diabetes in mice?
Answer: These results indicated that syn-BMT should be performed, when diabetes is neither too new-onset nor too late-stage. Tregs represent one mechanism for syn-BMT-induced restoration of immune tolerance in STZ-diabetic mice.
yes
Question: Does mPGES-2 deletion remarkably enhance liver injury in streptozotocin-treated mice via induction of GLUT2?
Answer: mPGES-2 deletion enhanced STZ-induced liver toxicity possibly via GLUT2-mediated STZ uptake, independently of diabetes mellitus.
yes
Question: Does nocturnal hypoxia exposure with simulated altitude for 14 days significantly alter working memory or vigilance in humans?
Answer: Two weeks of nocturnal continuous hypoxia in an altitude tent did not induce subjective sleepiness or impair objective vigilance and working memory. Caution is recommended in the extrapolation to humans the effects of hypoxia in animal models.
| no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Do patients with ClearCode34-identified molecular subtypes of clear cell renal cell carcinoma represent unique populations with distinct comorbidities?
Answer: ClearCode34, after considering distinct patterns of comorbidities in each molecular subtype, remains a strong prognostic tool in patients with ccRCC. Obesity and diabetes mellitus emerged as factors that may influence ccRCC phenotypes and further studies investigating the effect of these metabolic conditions functionally onto tumor biology are warranted. Additionally, use of angiotensin system inhibitors could be studied in the context of ccRCC molecular classification in future studies to better understand its effect on ccRCC outcomes.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Is intranodal cytokeratin particles a predictive marker of efficacy for neoadjuvant therapies in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus?
Answer: Our findings suggest that HCP might reflect a degenerative change of cancer cells in lymph nodes and can predict the response to neoadjuvant therapy.
Answer: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Is gastric feed intolerance increased in critically ill patients with type II diabetes mellitus?
Answer: In critically ill patients who require prolonged enteral nutrition, a prior history of DM type II does not appear to be a further risk factor for feed intolerance.
A: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Does neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor slow progression of retinal nonperfusion in patients with diabetic macular edema?
Answer: Just as high VEGF levels contribute to progression of retinal nonperfusion in retinal vein occlusion, the same is true in patients with DME, suggesting that regardless of the underlying disease process, high levels of VEGF can cause closure of retinal vessels. However, our data also suggest that VEGF-induced worsening of retinal perfusion in DME is superimposed on another cause of more gradually worsening perfusion, possibly glucotoxicity. Thus, monthly injections of ranibizumab can slow, but not completely prevent, retinal capillary closure in patients with DME.
Output: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example Input: Question: Does a null mutation in ANGPTL8 associate with either plasma glucose or type 2 diabetes in humans?
Answer: Disruption of ANGPTL8 function in humans does not seem to have a large effect on measures of glucose tolerance.
Example Output: no
Example Input: Question: Does aerobic training alter CRP in apparently healthy , untrained men?
Answer: Regular aerobic training does not appear to affect CRP concentrations in apparently healthy, untrained men despite significant improvements in bodyweight, BF%, BMI, and VO2max.
Example Output: no
Example Input: Question: Is the verdict in yet . Analysis of the randomized trials of high-dose chemotherapy for breast cancer?
Answer: The role of HDC for HRPBC or MBC patients remains undefined. Longer follow-up and mature analyses of the randomized trials are necessary before definitive conclusions are drawn. In the meantime, it is imperative that research continues, to enhance the efficacy of the procedure through innovative strategies.
Example Output: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Definition: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Are glutathione s-transferase m1 and t1 gene polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus development?
Answer: This study shows no association between GST gene polymorphisms and GDM.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does classical swine fever virus induce oxidative stress in swine umbilical vein endothelial cells?
Answer: Our results indicated that CSFV infection induced oxidative stress in SUVECs. These findings provide novel information on the mechanism by which CSFV can alter intracellular events associated with the viral infection.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does renal excretion of fluoride after fluoride mouth rinse in children?
Answer: After the use of a fluoride mouthwash, in children, there is a statistically significant increase of fluoride ion in urine, which can be attributed to the application of this product.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does daily weight-bearing activity increase the risk of diabetic foot ulcers?
Answer: Increased weight-bearing activity did not increase the risk of foot re-ulceration. Further studies are needed to explore weight-bearing activities that are safe for those with diabetes and insensate feet.
| Output: no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
PROBLEM: Question: Are findings in the distal colorectum associated with proximal advanced serrated lesions?
Answer: The findings at flexible sigmoidoscopy that traditionally serve as indications for colonoscopy (conventional adenomas) are likely to be ineffective for detection of proximal ASL. This finding, plus the observation that most patients with proximal ASL have no distal polyps, favors screening colonoscopy over sigmoidoscopy, especially in the elderly. The observation that non-advanced distal SSA/Ps are associated with any proximal SSA/P warrants further study.
SOLUTION: no
PROBLEM: Question: Do extremely cold and hot temperatures increase the risk of diabetes mortality in metropolitan areas of two Chinese cities?
Answer: The results indicate that both extremely cold and hot temperatures increase diabetes mortality in different manners in Harbin and Chongqing. Diabetes education programs should include information on either managing or combating the effects of extreme hot and cold weather.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Does spinal instrumentation in patients with primary spinal infections lead to greater recurrent infection rates : an analysis of 118 cases?
Answer: Patients who received just decompression for spinal infection had similar reoperation and continued infection rates as patients who additionally underwent instrumentation, irrespective of infection location within the spine. These findings suggest that instrumentation of the infected spine may be a safe treatment modality and should be considered when the spinal integrity is compromised.
SOLUTION: | no
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Teacher:Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Question: Is tCF7L2 a major susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians : analysis of 3,501 individuals?
Answer: Variation within TCF7L2 does not confer major risk for type 2 diabetes among the Pima Indian population.
Student: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
One example is below.
Q: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
A: yes
Rationale: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Does metformin reduce circulating malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein in type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Answer: These results suggest that increasing the dose of metformin improves serum MDA-LDL levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Is epidural analgesia superior to local infiltration analgesia in children with cerebral palsy undergoing unilateral hip reconstruction?
Answer: Epidural analgesia is superior to local infiltration analgesia for early postoperative pain management in children with cerebral palsy who undergo unilateral hip reconstruction.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Is cardiac autonomic neuropathy in patients with uraemia related to pre-diabetes?
Answer: The prevalence of CAN and impaired glucose tolerance is high in uraemic patients, but impaired glucose tolerance seems to play no significant role in the aetiology of CAN in uraemic patients.
Answer: no
Question: Question: Does antenatal receipt of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine exacerbate pregnancy-associated malaria despite the expansion of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum : clinical outcomes from the QuEERPAM study?
Answer: In this longitudinal study of malaria at delivery, the receipt of SP as IPTp did not potentiate PAM morbidity despite the increasing prevalence and fixation of SP-resistant P. falciparum haplotypes. Even when there is substantial resistance, SP may be used in modified IPTp regimens as a component of comprehensive antenatal care.
Answer: | no
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does transgenic Cry1Ab rice impact ecological fitness and predation of a generalist spider?
Answer: The transgenic Cry1Ab rice lines tested in this study had no adverse effects on the survival, developmental time and fecundity of P. pseudoannulata in the laboratory or on predation under field conditions. This suggests that this important predator would not be harmed if transgenic Cry1Ab rice were commercialized.
Output: no
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does frailty predict major bleeding within 30days in elderly patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome?
Answer: Frailty phenotype, as a marker of biological vulnerability, is an independent predictor of major bleeding in elderly patients with ACS. Frailty can play an important role in bleeding risk stratification and objective indices should be integrated into routine initial evaluation of these patients.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is l-arginine-induced vasodilation of the renal vasculature altered in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes?
Answer: L-arginine-induced vasodilation of the renal vasculature is not different between a group of hypertensive diabetic patients and a young, healthy reference group. These data were obtained using low-dose L-arginine infusion.
| Output: no
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Is lymphocyte inhibition compromised in mesenchymal stem cells from psoriatic skin?
Answer: This study demonstrated abnormalities in MSCs derived from psoriatic skin lesions. We suggest that the attenuated inhibitory effect on T-cell proliferation might be one of the pathogenic mechanisms of psoriasis.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Does diabetes influence oral oncogenesis through fibroblast growth factor receptors?
Answer: It seems that diabetes does not affect the FGFR-2 and FGFR-3 pattern of expression throughout the various stages of oral oncogenesis.
Answer: no
Question: Question: Does uropathogenic Escherichia coli release Extracellular Vesicles That Are Associated with RNA?
Answer: These data add to the growing evidence of pathogenic bacterial MV being associated a wide range of RNAs. It further raises the plausibility for MV-RNA-mediated cross-kingdom communication whereby they influence host cell function during the infection process.
Answer: | yes
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example solution: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Is functional variation in VEGF associated with type 2 diabetes in a United Kingdom Caucasian population?
Answer: This is the first large-scale study to examine the association between common functional variation in VEGF and type 2 diabetes risk. We have found no evidence that these three single nucleotide polymorphisms, shown previously to alter VEGF concentrations, are risk factors for type 2 diabetes in a large UK Caucasian case-control and family-based study.
| Solution: no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
See one example below:
Problem: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Are falling insulin requirements associated with adverse obstetric outcomes in women with preexisting diabetes?
Answer: Falling insulin requirements, in women with preexisting diabetes, are associated with an increased risk of complications related to placental dysfunction. Further prospective studies are needed to guide clinical management.
Solution: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Ex Input:
Question: Does oligofructose affect the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by dietary proteins in the diabetes-prone BB rat model?
Answer: In the BB rat model, 5% OF in the diet did not have any protective effects against diet-induced T1DM. The present data do not suggest dietary OF as a promising approach for the dietary prevention of T1DM.
Ex Output:
no
Ex Input:
Question: Does vagus nerve stimulation have antidepressant effects in the kainic acid model for temporal lobe epilepsy?
Answer: The KA rats displayed anhedonia which was significantly decreased by VNS, indicating that this neuromodulatory treatment could likewise diminish depressive symptoms in patients suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy and comorbid depression.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Do combined Tumor Suppressor Defects Characterize Clinically Defined Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancers?
Answer: Clinically defined AVPC share molecular features with SCPC and are characterized by combined alterations in RB1, Tp53, and/or PTEN.
Ex Output:
| yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
One example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution is here: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this: Question: Does blood pressure rise before the onset of microalbuminuria in children followed from diagnosis of type 1 diabetes . Oxford Regional Prospective Study Group?
Answer: A rise in systemic BP cannot be detected before the first appearance of MA in children with type 1 diabetes. BP rises concurrently with the onset of MA and is also closely related to BMI.
Solution: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Do pre-admission clinical factors affect length of stay in the epilepsy monitoring unit?
Answer: Pre-admission clinical variables may predict EMU LOS. These factors could be used at the administrative level for maximum EMU resource utilization.
yes
Question: Does transgenic Cry1Ab rice impact ecological fitness and predation of a generalist spider?
Answer: The transgenic Cry1Ab rice lines tested in this study had no adverse effects on the survival, developmental time and fecundity of P. pseudoannulata in the laboratory or on predation under field conditions. This suggests that this important predator would not be harmed if transgenic Cry1Ab rice were commercialized.
no
Question: Is shock wave lithotripsy for renal stones associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus?
Answer: Our findings suggest that SWL treatment for renal and UPJ stones might not be associated with new onset of hypertension or DM.
| no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Does sympathetic nerve activity reduce proprioceptive acuity in humans?
Answer: The present findings contradict previous reports from animal studies and the hypothesis that sympathetic nerve activity reduces proprioceptive acuity.
no
Question: Do patients with ClearCode34-identified molecular subtypes of clear cell renal cell carcinoma represent unique populations with distinct comorbidities?
Answer: ClearCode34, after considering distinct patterns of comorbidities in each molecular subtype, remains a strong prognostic tool in patients with ccRCC. Obesity and diabetes mellitus emerged as factors that may influence ccRCC phenotypes and further studies investigating the effect of these metabolic conditions functionally onto tumor biology are warranted. Additionally, use of angiotensin system inhibitors could be studied in the context of ccRCC molecular classification in future studies to better understand its effect on ccRCC outcomes.
yes
Question: Does astaxanthin prevent TGFβ1-induced pro-fibrogenic gene expression by inhibiting Smad3 activation in hepatic stellate cells?
Answer: Taken together, ASTX exerted anti-fibrogenic effects by blocking TGFβ1-signaling, consequently inhibiting the activation of Smad3 pathway in HSCs.
| yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
One example is below.
Q: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
A: yes
Rationale: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Is brain function rescue effect of lactate following hypoglycaemia an adaptation process in both normal and type I diabetic subjects?
Answer: A blood lactate increase after the development of hypoglycaemic symptoms reduces counterregulatory and symptomatic responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and favours brain function rescue both in normal and diabetic subjects. These findings confirm that lactate is an alternative substrate to glucose for cerebral metabolism under hypoglycaemic conditions.
A: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Is brain function rescue effect of lactate following hypoglycaemia an adaptation process in both normal and type I diabetic subjects?
Answer: A blood lactate increase after the development of hypoglycaemic symptoms reduces counterregulatory and symptomatic responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and favours brain function rescue both in normal and diabetic subjects. These findings confirm that lactate is an alternative substrate to glucose for cerebral metabolism under hypoglycaemic conditions.
A: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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