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Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Does change in adiposity minimally affect the lipid profile in youth with recent onset type 1 diabetes?
Answer: Our data suggest that weight loss may be an effective, but limited, therapeutic approach for dyslipidemia in youth with T1D.
A: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Is arthrogenic muscle inhibition present in the limb contralateral to a simulated knee joint effusion?
Answer: Knee joint effusion results in ipsilateral but not contralateral impairment of quadriceps function. Rehabilitation protocols after knee joint injury should focus on ipsilateral neuromuscular and mechanical alterations that occur as the result of joint damage.
no
Question: Does overexpression of long noncoding RNA HOTAIR predict a poor prognosis in patients with cervical cancer?
Answer: our data indicate that high expression of HOTAIR is involved in cervical cancer progression and could be a potential target for diagnosis and gene therapy.
yes
Question: Is ketoacidosis at diabetes onset still frequent in children and adolescents : a multicenter analysis of 14,664 patients from 106 institutions?
Answer: Ketoacidosis occurring at diabetes onset continues to be a difficult problem. Our data show no significant change in the frequency and magnitude of DKA over the last 13 years.
| yes
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Are decreased plasma levels of select very long chain ceramide species associated with the development of nephropathy in type 1 diabetes?
Answer: These studies demonstrate, prospectively, that decreased plasma levels of select ceramide species are associated with the development of macroalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Is chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency associated with chronic venous disorders : A case-control study?
Answer: We found no association of CCSVI with the presence of CVD or family history of varicose veins.
[A]: no
[Q]: Question: Is mild hypercapnia after uncomplicated heart surgery associated with hemodynamic compromise?
Answer: The findings of this study suggest that unless there is a specific contraindication to mild hypercapnia, such as pulmonary hypertension or hemodynamic instability, concerns about mild respiratory acidosis should not prevent weaning of sedation and mechanical ventilation after uncomplicated heart surgery.
[A]: | no
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TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
PROBLEM: Question: Is lubricin a product of megakaryocyte stimulating factor gene expression by human synovial fibroblasts?
Answer: Lubricin is secreted by synovial fibroblasts via expression of the MSF gene. Lubricin is constructed of MSF exons 6 through 9 but the presence of other exons cannot be excluded. Lubricin/MSF is the only lubricating component in the final lubricating fraction of human synovial fluid.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Is expression of heat shock protein 60 kDa upregulated in cervical cancer?
Answer: These results suggest that HSP60 may be involved in the development of cervical cancer and have profound biological and prognostic significance.
SOLUTION: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Are proliferation of colo-357 pancreatic carcinoma cells and survival of patients with pancreatic carcinoma altered by insulin glargine?
Answer: Regular human insulin and insulin glargine may be used to treat diabetes in patients with pancreatic cancer.
no
Question: Is reorganization of Azospirillum brasilense cell membrane mediated by lipid composition adjustment to maintain optimal fluidity during water deficit?
Answer: Azospirillum brasilense is able to perceive osmotic changes by changing the membrane fluidity. This effect is offset by changes in the composition of membrane phospholipid and FA, contributing to the homeostasis of membrane fluidity under water deficit.
yes
Question: Do high levels of retinal docosahexaenoic acid protect photoreceptor degeneration in VPP transgenic mice?
Answer: High levels of retinal docosahexaenoic acid do not protect mice expressing the VPP rhodopsin mutation from retinal degeneration.
| no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Ex Input:
Question: Is herpes simplex virus type 1 transcription detectable in quiescent human stromal keratitis by in situ hybridization?
Answer: At the level of detection afforded by in situ hybridization, HSV persistent in scarred human corneas after stromal keratitis appears to be transcriptionally dormant. This contrasts with the situation in neurons of latently infected sensory ganglia, in which LATs are present at high levels.
Ex Output:
no
Ex Input:
Question: Does ginsenoside Rg3 improve erectile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats?
Answer: Oral gavage with Rg3 appears to both prevent degeneration of neurons in the dorsal nerves and exert an antioxidant effect in the corpus cavernosum of rats.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Does endometrial infusion of human chorionic gonadotropin at the time of blastocyst embryo transfer impact clinical outcomes : a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial?
Answer: Endometrial infusion of hCG at the time of blastocyst ET does not improve sustained implantation rates.
Ex Output:
| no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Ex Input:
Question: Are leg muscle reflexes mediated by cutaneous A-beta fibres normal during gait in reflex sympathetic dystrophy?
Answer: In the acute phase of RSD of the lower extremity there is no evidence for abnormal A-beta fibre-mediated reflexes or for defective regulation of such reflexes. This finding has implications for both the theory on RSD pathophysiology and RSD models, which are based on abnormal functioning of A-beta fibres.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Is the female protective effect in autism spectrum disorder mediated by a single genetic locus?
Answer: The results do not support the hypothesis that the FPE is mediated by a single genetic locus; however, this does not exclude the possibility of multiple genetic loci playing a role in the FPE.
Ex Output:
no
Ex Input:
Question: Does sevoflurane alter norepinephrine-induced intracellular Ca² ( + ) changes in the diabetic rat aorta?
Answer: Sevoflurane at clinically relevant concentrations inhibited the NE-induced increase in [Ca²(+)](i) in the aortic smooth muscle from normal rats but not in that from type 2 DM rats. Thus, a Ca²(+)- signalling pathway resistant to sevoflurane appears to exist in the type 2 DM rat aorta.
Ex Output:
| no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example Input: Question: Does combined isometric and vibration training enhance strength beyond that of isometric training alone?
Answer: The present study provides evidence to suggest that there are no greater gains to be incurred by the addition of a vibratory stimulus to traditional strength training.
Example Output: no
Example Input: Question: Is cardiac autonomic neuropathy in patients with uraemia related to pre-diabetes?
Answer: The prevalence of CAN and impaired glucose tolerance is high in uraemic patients, but impaired glucose tolerance seems to play no significant role in the aetiology of CAN in uraemic patients.
Example Output: no
Example Input: Question: Does change in oxygen saturation predict acute mountain sickness on Jade Mountain?
Answer: Subjects with AMS had a lower Spo(2) than those without AMS; however, the differences between the 2 groups were not clinically significant. The results of this study do not support the use of pulse oximetry in predicting AMS on Jade Mountain.
Example Output: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Problem:Question: Does abciximab reduce mortality in diabetics following percutaneous coronary intervention?
Answer: Abciximab decreases the mortality of diabetic patients to the level of placebo-treated nondiabetic patients. This beneficial effect is noteworthy in those diabetic patients who are also hypertensive and obese and in diabetics undergoing multivessel intervention. Besides its potential role in reducing repeat intervention for stented diabetic patients, abciximab therapy should be strongly considered in diabetic patients undergoing PCI to improve their survival.
Solution: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Ex Input:
Question: Is premature immunosenescence associated with memory dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: RA patients had reduced memory performance compared to healthy controls. Expansion of activated and senescence-associated T cells was correlated with poor memory performance.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Do workers of a drywood termite work?
Answer: Thus, in contrast to general perception where termite workers are considered equivalent to workers in Hymenoptera, the 'large immatures' of C. secundus did not behave as workers that help in raising younger siblings. This apparently is not necessary as the colony lives inside its food. These results, which are likely to be typical for wood-dwelling termites, open the possibility that large complex group living can evolve without altruistic helping and that costly altruistic helping by workers in termites evolved only as a second step.
Ex Output:
no
Ex Input:
Question: Are diabetes and increased lipid peroxidation associated with systemic inflammation even in well-controlled patients?
Answer: These findings show that dyslipidemia is associated with an increased inflammatory status, even in well-controlled diabetics and in normoglycemics. Our results suggest that lipid metabolism and peroxidation are important for the development of inflammation, which is elevated in several complications associated with diabetes.
Ex Output:
| yes
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You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Is carbohydrate intake associated with time spent in the euglycemic range in patients with type 1 diabetes?
Answer: Carbohydrate intake is associated with time spent in euglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Output: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Are obesity-related genomic loci associated with type 2 diabetes in a Han Chinese population?
Answer: This study indicates that obesity-related genomic loci were associated with type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits in the Han Chinese population. | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Definition: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Does receipt of diabetes preventive services differ by insurance status at visit?
Answer: Lack of insurance is associated with a lower probability of receiving recommended services that are due during a clinic visit. Thus, the association between being uninsured and receiving fewer preventive services may not be completely mediated by access to clinic visits.
Output: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Do dietary fats contribute to hyperlipidemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes?
Answer: Lipid abnormalities remain common in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes who adhere to current dietary recommendations, and they relate to metabolic control but not dietary intake.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Are filaggrin loss-of-function mutations a predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis in an Ishigaki Island under subtropical climate?
Answer: The FLG loss-of-function mutation frequency was not significantly different between the AD and non-AD groups in a cohort of children from Ishigaki Island, which has a subtropical climate, suggesting that FLG loss-of-function mutations are not always a predisposing factor for AD prevalence.
no
Question: Does discovery-based protein expression profiling identify distinct subgroups and pathways in leiomyosarcomas?
Answer: These results suggest that UPS tumors share a similar lineage as leiomyosarcomas and are likely to originate from different stages of differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells to smooth muscle cells.
yes
Question: Is carotid stiffness associated with impairment of cognitive performance in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes . The Maastricht Study?
Answer: Our findings suggest that carotid stiffness is associated with cognitive performance in both individuals with and without diabetes, but does not mediate the relationship between type 2 diabetes and cognitive dysfunction.
| yes
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Does periodontitis promote the diabetic development of obese rat via miR-147 induced classical macrophage activation?
Answer: This study provided new evidence for the positive effect of periodontal inflammation on diabetic development, while the regulatory mechanism of miR-147 on classical macrophage activation, was verified, and presumed to contribute to the impaired glucose tolerance aggravated by periodontitis in obese rats. Besides, this study indicated the application of miR-147 for therapeutic approach in the treatment of diabetes with periodontitis.
A: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Q: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Is gender related to alterations of renal endothelial function in type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Our data demonstrate that NO availability in the renal circulation is greater in female than in male patients with type 2 diabetes that is associated with reduced levels of oxidative stress in females. The role of this gender-related difference in renal endothelial function for the initiation and progression of diabetic nephropathy should be addressed in future studies.
A: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Does hyperinsulinaemia during exercise suppress hepatic glycogen concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes : a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study?
Answer: In patients with type 1 diabetes, hyperinsulinaemic and hyperglycaemic conditions during moderate exercise did not suppress hepatic glycogen concentrations. These findings do not support the hypothesis that exercise-induced hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes is due to suppression of hepatic glycogen mobilisation.
A: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Ex Input:
Question: Are longer durations of antitumour necrosis factor treatment associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: Anti-TNF therapy was associated with a significantly lower risk of cardiovascular events among patients with RA, older patients with RA and patients without prior exposure to methotrexate.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Are decreased plasma levels of select very long chain ceramide species associated with the development of nephropathy in type 1 diabetes?
Answer: These studies demonstrate, prospectively, that decreased plasma levels of select ceramide species are associated with the development of macroalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Does early sac shrinkage predict a low risk of late complications after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair?
Answer: Early change in aneurysm sac diameter is a strong predictor of late complications after EVAR. Patients with major sac shrinkage have a very low risk of complications for up to 5 years. This parameter may be used to tailor postoperative surveillance.
Ex Output:
| yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is cytoplasmic expression of β-catenin an independent predictor of progression of conventional renal cell carcinoma : a simple immunostaining score?
Answer: Cytoplasmic β-catenin expression is an independent prognostic factor for conventional RCC, and may help to identify patients with a high risk of cancer-specific death and to direct optimized active surveillance or adjuvant therapy.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Are anticytomegalovirus antibody titres associated with caregiving burden in younger caregivers?
Answer: These data suggest that in the absence of immunosenescence, the chronic stress of caregiving is not sufficient to compromise the immune response to persistent CMV infection. However, an indirect mechanism to poorer health in caregivers might be via adoption of disadvantageous health behaviours in response to stress. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Older caregivers of spouses with dementia show a poorer immune response against latent viruses when compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Younger parental caregivers of children with developmental disabilities show a poorer antibody response to vaccination. What does this study add? The study showed no association between caregiving stress and CMV antibody titre in young caregivers. There were higher CMV antibody titres in the caregivers who engage in unhealthy behaviours.
Output: no
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is whole-body heat loss during exercise in the heat impaired in type 1 diabetes?
Answer: During light-to-moderate-intensity exercise performed under conditions permitting full sweat evaporation, otherwise healthy type 1 diabetic individuals did not show impaired heat loss responses during heat exposure when compared with matched individuals without diabetes.
| Output: no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN. | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Is complement factor 3 associated with insulin resistance and with incident type 2 diabetes over a 7-year follow-up period : the CODAM Study?
Answer: Changes in C3 were associated with changes in several measures of IR and may reflect progression of metabolic dysregulation, which eventually leads to abnormalities in glucose tolerance and T2DM.
A: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example Input: Question: Does clinical examination assist in the detection of systemic relapse of testicular germ cell tumour?
Answer: We suggest that, for patients following a planned programme of appointments and investigations, physical examination rarely contributes to the detection of systemic relapse in the follow-up of testicular germ cell tumours. It may therefore be possible to reconfigure follow-up to focus on investigations and telephone contact. We estimate that this change might be appropriate for 40% of attendances and might be welcomed by patients, many of whom find follow-up burdensome. If such a change were considered, patient education would be essential to ensure continuing compliance with the follow-up protocol.
Example Output: no
Example Input: Question: Do an update in the palliative management of malignant dysphagia?
Answer: Palliative treatment for oesophageal cancer should be individualized and relate to tumour stage, size and location, the patient's medical condition and his/her personal wishes. The palliative treatment largely includes self-expanding metal stents (SEMS), laser (including photodynamic therapy (PDT)) or a combination of the two to relieve symptoms, this may be employed with or without other treatments such as radiotherapy/chemotherapy (RT/CT) with the aim of reducing tumour bulk and possibly prolonging survival. A multi-disciplinary approach is vital in patients with advanced oesophageal cancer.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Does formononetin attenuate hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2 ) -induced apoptosis and NF-κB activation in RGC-5 cells?
Answer: Formononetin may be developed as a antioxidant drug to treat diabetic retinopathy.
Example Output: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Teacher:Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Question: Is mean platelet volume associated with glycaemic control and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Answer: This study has shown that an increased MPV is closely associated with poor glycaemic control, which may be a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. Nonetheless, further prospective studies are needed to assess the relationship between MPV, glycaemic indices and microvascular complications.
Student: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Output: yes
The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input case for you: Question: Do dietary fats contribute to hyperlipidemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes?
Answer: Lipid abnormalities remain common in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes who adhere to current dietary recommendations, and they relate to metabolic control but not dietary intake.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Does coffee consumption and the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults -- result from a Swedish case-control study?
Answer: Our findings confirm that coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of Type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, the findings suggest that coffee may be associated with development of autoimmunity and possibly an increased risk of more Type 1-like latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.
Output: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Is [ Sense of agency : experiencing judging ]?
Answer: The conception of the sense of agency has greatly evolved over the years, mainly because of the various experimental methods employed. The consequences of this are the various theoretical interpretations given to the characteristics of the sense of agency. They can be explained in two main points: a non-unified definition of the sense of agency and an absence of experimental data testing alternative interpretations. First, protocols using attribution judgements have proven to be useful to gain better understanding of the attribution mechanism in schizophrenia. However, findings obtained with these judgments have often been used to conclude on deficits of the sense of agency in schizophrenia, whereas the sense of agency is only a sub component of these judgements.
[A]: no
[Q]: Question: Does variation in the gene for human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma ( PPARgamma ) play a major role in the development of morbid obesity?
Answer: Variation in the PPARgamma gene is unlikely to play a major role in the development of morbid obesity.
[A]: no
[Q]: Question: Does atorvastatin affect insulin sensitivity and the adiponectin or leptin levels in hyperlipidemic Type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Atorvstatin does not affect insulin sensitivity and the adiponectin or leptin levels in hyperlipidemic Type 2 diabetes.
[A]: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Is functional variation in VEGF associated with type 2 diabetes in a United Kingdom Caucasian population?
Answer: This is the first large-scale study to examine the association between common functional variation in VEGF and type 2 diabetes risk. We have found no evidence that these three single nucleotide polymorphisms, shown previously to alter VEGF concentrations, are risk factors for type 2 diabetes in a large UK Caucasian case-control and family-based study.
| no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Definition: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Is bimodal distribution of glucose universally useful for diagnosing diabetes?
Answer: Deriving cut points for normal glycemia from distributions of FPG and 2-h plasma glucose does not appear to be suitable for defining diagnostic cut points for diabetes.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Does [ Sildenafil change coronary flow reserve in diabetics with erectile dysfunction ]?
Answer: Diabetics with erectile dysfunction often have a CFR in the lower range of normal. Sildenafil did not further reduce CFR. Asymptomatic, severe coronary artery disease often can be found in diabetics with erectile dysfunction. Cardiological screening for contraindications for sildenafil seems mandatory in diabetics with a high cardiovascular risk profile. | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Definition: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Is obesity a confounding factor for performing autonomic function tests in individuals with diabetes mellitus?
Answer: The results of this study indicate that obesity is not a confounding factor in the performance of autonomic function tests. Likewise, the reproducibility of autonomic function testing is not affected by obesity. Assessment of autonomic function is important for obese and non-obese individuals given that reduced RR-variation is associated with exercise intolerance, intraoperative cardiovascular lability and increased risk of mortality.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Does the phospholipase A ( 2 ) inhibitor methyl indoxam suppress diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in mice?
Answer: These results show that oral supplementation of a diabetogenic diet with the Pla2g1b inhibitor methyl indoxam effectively suppresses diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. This suggests that Pla2g1b inhibition may be a potentially effective oral therapeutic option for treatment of obesity and diabetes.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Does surfactant replacement therapy on ECMO improve outcome in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
Answer: The data from this study suggest that surfactant replacement on ECMO for neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia does not provide significant benefit in the infant's clinical course with respect to survival, length of ECMO course, length of intubation, or subsequent need for supplemental oxygen.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Does incidental mediastinal dose explain low mediastinal node recurrence rates in patients with early-stage NSCLC treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy?
Answer: Low mediastinal recurrence rates in stage I NSCLC treated with SBRT validates the omission of staging mediastinoscopy. The low incidental dose to MLNSs does not seem to explain the low mediastinal recurrence in the majority of patients. Our findings also confirm that prophylactic radiation to the mediastinum is not necessary and support the hypothesis that local ablation of the primary lesion could indirectly affect subclinical nodal disease through unknown mechanisms.
[EX A]: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Is the polymorphism Arg585Gln in the gene of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 ( SREBP-1 ) a determinant of ketosis prone type 2 diabetes ( KPD ) in Africans?
Answer: The results of this exploratory study show that the polymorphism Arg585Gln in SREBF-1 is not associated with the KPD phenotype. Further studies in larger populations are needed to confirm our findings.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Is retinol-binding protein-4 strongly associated with insulin sensitivity in normal pregnancies?
Answer: The increased fat mass and insulin resistance during normal pregnancy was best explained by measures of fat mass. However, the increase in RBP4 from early to late pregnancy, associated with a decline in insulin sensitivity, potentially indicates interactions with glucose metabolism.
Answer: no
Question: Question: Do novel meta-analysis-derived type 2 diabetes risk loci determine prediabetic phenotypes?
Answer: In contrast to the first series of GWA-derived type 2 diabetes candidate SNPs, we could not detect reliable associations of the novel risk loci with prediabetic phenotypes. Possible weak effects of ADAMTS9 SNP rs4607103 and VEGFA SNP rs9472138 on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, respectively, await further confirmation by larger studies.
Answer: no
Question: Question: Is the structure of the von Willebrand factor altered in patients with colorectal carcinoma?
Answer: There was no change in the VWF multimer distribution to indicate acquired von Willebrand disease.
Answer: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Does detection of molecular bacterascites in decompensated cirrhosis define a risk with decreased survival?
Answer: BactDNA quantification in ascitic fluid samples using culture-independent 16S rRNA gene-based methods seems to be an interesting approach to identify patients at risk of reduced survival. Our study warrants further evaluation of antibiotic treatment in patients with molecular bacterascites.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Does a null mutation in ANGPTL8 associate with either plasma glucose or type 2 diabetes in humans?
Answer: Disruption of ANGPTL8 function in humans does not seem to have a large effect on measures of glucose tolerance.
A: no
****
Q: Question: Does site of positive surgical margins influence biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy?
Answer: About half of the men with PSMs in the RP surgical specimen in our prospective series did not develop BCR. The risk of BCR was dependent on the site and not the number of PSMs. Adjuvant therapy should be considered in cases with anterior and basilar PSMs due to the very high risk of BCR.
A: | yes
****
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example Input: Question: Does histologic evaluation of in vivo femtosecond laser-generated capsulotomies reveal a potential cause for radial capsular tears?
Answer: Femtosecond laser can perform a capsulotomy with high reliability. In comparison to a highly experienced cataract surgeon, the achieved results in size are similar. In terms of circularity, the femtosecond laser was superior the manual procedure. Better refractive outcomes based on a 360°-degree optic overlap seem to be possible, especially for less experienced surgeons.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Does classical swine fever virus induce oxidative stress in swine umbilical vein endothelial cells?
Answer: Our results indicated that CSFV infection induced oxidative stress in SUVECs. These findings provide novel information on the mechanism by which CSFV can alter intracellular events associated with the viral infection.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Is birth weight related to risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes : the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study?
Answer: Birth weight was not associated with diabetic retinopathy.
Example Output: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Is [ The increase in the speed of the pulse wave associated with elevated central blood pressure in hypertensive patients with kidney disease ]?
Answer: In hypertensive patients with renal disease PWV is increased, but not the AIx. We believe that the AIx is not a reliable measure of arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients with kidney disease.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Do alpha-2 adrenoreceptors probably mediate the immobility produced by inhaled anesthetics?
Answer: Although stimulation (agonism) of alpha-2 adrenoreceptors can decrease the inhaled anesthetic concentration required to produce immobility in the face of noxious stimulation, blockade of alpha-2 adrenoreceptors minimally affects the concentration. Thus, augmentation of the effect of alpha-2 adrenoreceptors is not an appreciable part of the mechanism whereby inhaled anesthetics produce immobility.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Does serum α-hydroxybutyrate ( α-HB ) predict elevated 1 h glucose levels and early-phase β-cell dysfunction during OGTT?
Answer: Fasting serum α-HB levels predicted elevated 1 h glucose during OGTT, potentially due to impaired insulin secretion kinetics. This association persisted even in patients with an otherwise normal insulin-glucose homeostasis. Measuring serum α-HB could thus provide a rapid, inexpensive screening tool for detecting early subclinical hyperglycemia, β-cell dysfunction, and increased risk for diabetes.
[EX A]: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
PROBLEM: Question: Does inhibition of late sodium current attenuate ionic arrhythmia mechanism in ventricular myocytes expressing LaminA-N195K mutation?
Answer: Inhibition of late I
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Is the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease often unsupported in clinical practice?
Answer: Our study showed that the diagnostic prerequisites were widely unfulfilled, although approximately half of the diagnoses were conclusive for inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, in our assessment of clinical practice: (1) clinicians seldom provide suitable clinical and/or endoscopic information for a histological diagnosis and (2) histopathological diagnoses of inflammatory bowel disease are often not supported by morphology.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Is elevated alanine aminotransferase activity associated with dyslipidemias , but related to insulin resistance and higher disease grades in non-diabetic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
Answer: This study shows that the associations of increased ALT serum levels in NAFLD patients are different from what are supposed before. By excluding diabetic patients from our population, we find that increased ALT levels are not associated with dyslipidemias but are independently associated with insulin resistance and NAFLD grading on ultrasonographic evaluations. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.
SOLUTION: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example solution: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Is non-neural tyrosine hydroxylase , via modulation of endocrine pancreatic precursors , required for normal development of beta cells in the mouse pancreas?
Answer: A non-neural catecholaminergic pathway appears to modulate the pancreatic endocrine precursor and insulin producing cell neogenesis. This finding may have important implications for approaches seeking to promote the generation of beta cells to treat diabetes.
| Solution: yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Does glibenclamide attenuate myocardial injury by lipopolysaccharides in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice?
Answer: We conclude that glibenclamide could attenuate myocardial injury induced by LPS challenge in STZ-mice, which was possibly related to inhibiting inflammation through Nalp3 inflammasomes.
A: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Does oligofructose affect the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by dietary proteins in the diabetes-prone BB rat model?
Answer: In the BB rat model, 5% OF in the diet did not have any protective effects against diet-induced T1DM. The present data do not suggest dietary OF as a promising approach for the dietary prevention of T1DM.
A: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Are proliferation of colo-357 pancreatic carcinoma cells and survival of patients with pancreatic carcinoma altered by insulin glargine?
Answer: Regular human insulin and insulin glargine may be used to treat diabetes in patients with pancreatic cancer.
A: no
****
Q: Question: Does vagus nerve stimulation have antidepressant effects in the kainic acid model for temporal lobe epilepsy?
Answer: The KA rats displayed anhedonia which was significantly decreased by VNS, indicating that this neuromodulatory treatment could likewise diminish depressive symptoms in patients suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy and comorbid depression.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Does robotic-assistance enhance standard laparoscopic technique for right-sided donor nephrectomy?
Answer: In this study, robotic-assistance did not improve outcomes associated with LDN. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm any perceived benefit of RALDN.
A: | no
****
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Is s100A8/A9 involved in host defense against murine urinary tract infection?
Answer: We show that despite high S100A8/A9 expression in bladder and kidney tissue upon UTI, S100A8/A9 does not contribute to an effective host response against E. Coli in the urinary tract system.
A: no
****
Q: Question: Does ginsenoside Rg3 improve erectile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats?
Answer: Oral gavage with Rg3 appears to both prevent degeneration of neurons in the dorsal nerves and exert an antioxidant effect in the corpus cavernosum of rats.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Does the Drosophila Chmp1 protein determine wing cell fate through regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling?
Answer: Drosophila Chmp1 negatively regulates DER signaling, likely through its role in MVB formation. Loss of Chmp1 activity in the Drosophila wing induces a cell fate change from intervein to vein that should provide a useful tool for future studies of ESCRT protein activity.
A: | yes
****
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Output: yes
The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input case for you: Question: Does coffee consumption and the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults -- result from a Swedish case-control study?
Answer: Our findings confirm that coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of Type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, the findings suggest that coffee may be associated with development of autoimmunity and possibly an increased risk of more Type 1-like latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.
Output: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Does co-Transplantation of Skin-Derived Precursors and Collagen Sponge facilitate Diabetic Wound Healing by Promoting Local Vascular Regeneration?
Answer: Accelerated wound healing and enhanced local capillary regeneration could be observed 14 days after skin ablation from both SKPs and collagen sponge co-transplanted and collagen sponge only groups. Subsequent analyses further revealed superior pro-angiogenic effects from the SKP and collagen sponge co-delivered group, which are mainly attributable to in vivo transdifferentation and paracrine signalling of the SKPs.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Do extremely cold and hot temperatures increase the risk of diabetes mortality in metropolitan areas of two Chinese cities?
Answer: The results indicate that both extremely cold and hot temperatures increase diabetes mortality in different manners in Harbin and Chongqing. Diabetes education programs should include information on either managing or combating the effects of extreme hot and cold weather.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Does intravenous insulin therapy during lung resection affect lung function or surfactant proteins?
Answer: According to our observations, short insulin treatment applied intravenously during resection does not affect the quality of breathing.
A: | no
****
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Ex Input:
Question: Do progesterone receptor and PTEN expression predict survival in patients with low- and intermediate-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors?
Answer: Combined immunohistochemical assessment of PR and PTEN may help identify a small subset of PanNETs with more aggressive behavior and may aid in risk stratification.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Do antioxidants attenuate myocyte apoptosis in the remote non-infarcted myocardium following large myocardial infarction?
Answer: Long-term treatment with the antioxidants probucol and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate attenuates oxidative stress, myocyte apoptosis, caspase-3 like activity and the expression of p53, bax and caspase-3 within RM in rats after a large myocardial infarction.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Is nOX2-generated oxidative stress associated with severity of ultrasound liver steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
Answer: We demonstrated increased markers of oxidative stress in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Urinary 8-iso-PGF2α and serum soluble NOX2-derived peptide levels were independent from obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome and increased with the severity of liver steatosis at ultrasound.
Ex Output:
| yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Teacher:Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Question: Is regular Chinese Green Tea Consumption Protective for Diabetic Retinopathy : A Clinic-Based Case-Control Study?
Answer: Diabetic patients who had regularly drunk Chinese green tea every week for at least one year in their lives had a DR risk reduction of about 50% compared with those who had not. Regular Chinese green tea consumption may be a novel approach for the prevention of DR.
Student: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Is time point important for effects of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for type 1 diabetes in mice?
Answer: These results indicated that syn-BMT should be performed, when diabetes is neither too new-onset nor too late-stage. Tregs represent one mechanism for syn-BMT-induced restoration of immune tolerance in STZ-diabetic mice.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Are circulating levels of IL-1beta , a prothrombotic cytokine , elevated in unstable angina versus stable angina?
Answer: Our results suggest that both IL-1beta and IL-6 contribute to the pathogenesis of unstable angina, and that the profile of circulating plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines differs in unstable angina from that in stable angina. Abbreviated Abstract. Multiple studies support a role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis and unstable cardiac syndromes. We measured plasma levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in patients with stable and unstable coronary syndromes. Levels of IL-1beta and IL-6 were found to be elevated in patients with unstable coronary syndromes. No significant differences were found in the levels of TNF-alpha. Our results suggest that both IL-1beta and IL-6 contribute to the pathogenesis of unstable angina.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Does single oral dose of maraviroc prevent ex-vivo HIV infection of rectal mucosa in HIV-1 negative human volunteers?
Answer: An ex-vivo challenge with a single oral dose of MVC does not prevent ex-vivo infection of human rectal mucosa. The lack of prophylactic efficacy observed suggests that 'on demand' MVC preexposure prophylaxis would not prevent rectal HIV-1 transmission.
Answer: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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instruction:
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
question:
Question: Is cardiac autonomic neuropathy in patients with uraemia related to pre-diabetes?
Answer: The prevalence of CAN and impaired glucose tolerance is high in uraemic patients, but impaired glucose tolerance seems to play no significant role in the aetiology of CAN in uraemic patients.
answer:
no
question:
Question: Do a Profilometric Study to Assess the Role of Toothbrush and Toothpaste in Abrasion Process?
Answer: Besides supporting the fact that toothpaste is needed to create a significant abrasion, this study also showed that a softer toothbrush can cause more abrasion than harder ones. The flexibility of bristles is only secondary to abrasion process and abrasivity of dentifrice has an important role in abrasion process.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Does activation of microbubbles by low-level therapeutic ultrasound enhance the antitumor effects of doxorubicin?
Answer: MB-US could increase the susceptibility of tumours to antineoplastic drugs, suggesting a potential clinical method for US-mediated tumour chemotherapy.
answer:
| yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Does the Impact of type 2 diabetes on mortality in end-stage renal disease patients differ between genders?
Answer: T2DM was associated with death only in females. This association was not constant over time after the first dialysis. | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Q: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Does common sequence variation in the VEGFA gene predict risk of diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: Sequence variation in the VEGFA gene is associated with risk of developing blinding DR in T1DM and T2DM. Identifying specific genetic markers will allow for refined screening algorithms and earlier intervention in patients at highest risk.
A: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Are respiratory disorders more common in farmers . Results from a study on Icelandic animal farmers?
Answer: The prevalence of respiratory disorders and symptoms among Icelandic farmers is currently similar to non-farmers. This may suggest that modernization of the agricultural environment has had a positive effect on workers' health.
Output: no
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is hIC2 a novel dosage-dependent regulator of cardiac development located within the distal 22q11 deletion syndrome region?
Answer: Our results demonstrate a novel role for Hic2 in cardiac development. Hic2 is the first gene within the distal 22q11 interval to have a demonstrated haploinsufficient cardiac phenotype in mice. Together our data suggest that HIC2 haploinsufficiency likely contributes to the cardiac defects seen in distal 22q11 deletion syndrome.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is glycemic variability evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring system associated with the 10-y cardiovascular risk of diabetic patients with well-controlled HbA1c?
Answer: GV predicts independently the 10-y CVD risk of T2DM patients with well-controlled HbA1c.
| Output: yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Does ondansetron reduce the shivering threshold in healthy volunteers?
Answer: /b>. Ondansetron appears to have little potential for facilitating induction of therapeutic hypothermia.
Answer: no
Question: Question: Do elevated S100B levels correlate with the severity of encephalopathy during sepsis?
Answer: In severe sepsis, an increase in S100B does not allow the physicians to distinguish patients with severe impairment of consciousness from those with milder derangements or to prognosticate neurological recovery.
Answer: no
Question: Question: Does digoxin accelerate progression of diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: These data suggest that digoxin therapy does not adversely affect the course of diabetic retinopathy.
Answer: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Definition: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Is decline in functional capacity unaffected by diet quality alone or in combination with physical activity among generally healthy older adults with T2D from the NuAge cohort?
Answer: The absence of effect may be explained by characteristics of this healthy sample of OA with T2D who showed relatively good adherence to dietary recommendations (mean C-HEI=70) and were highly functional shown by minimal, clinically non-significant FC decline over 3 years. More research is needed to confirm the role of DQ in preventing FC decline in a larger diabetic sample showing clinically significant FC decline.
Output: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
See one example below:
Problem: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Does oligofructose affect the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by dietary proteins in the diabetes-prone BB rat model?
Answer: In the BB rat model, 5% OF in the diet did not have any protective effects against diet-induced T1DM. The present data do not suggest dietary OF as a promising approach for the dietary prevention of T1DM.
Solution: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
PROBLEM: Question: Does tobacco smoking differently influence cell types of the innate and adaptive immune system-indications from CpG site methylation?
Answer: Studying cell type-specific methylation changes provides helpful information regarding the biological relevance of epigenetic modifications. Here, we could show that smoking differently affects both cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Does mPGES-2 deletion remarkably enhance liver injury in streptozotocin-treated mice via induction of GLUT2?
Answer: mPGES-2 deletion enhanced STZ-induced liver toxicity possibly via GLUT2-mediated STZ uptake, independently of diabetes mellitus.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Are salivary cortisol levels and anxiety increased in women destined to develop preeclampsia?
Answer: Our findings do not lend support to a role for maternal anxiety or second trimester increases in circulating stress hormones in the pathogenesis of PE.
SOLUTION: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Is birth weight related to risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes : the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study?
Answer: Birth weight was not associated with diabetic retinopathy.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Teacher: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Reason: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this instance: Question: Does daily weight-bearing activity increase the risk of diabetic foot ulcers?
Answer: Increased weight-bearing activity did not increase the risk of foot re-ulceration. Further studies are needed to explore weight-bearing activities that are safe for those with diabetes and insensate feet.
Student: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Does hypoxia interfere with connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) gene expression in human proximal tubular cell lines?
Answer: We provide evidence that hypoxia inhibits CTGF synthesis in human proximal tubular epithelial cells, involving HIF-1alpha. Under hypoxic conditions, induction of CTGF by TGF-beta was repressed. The reduced synthesis of the profibrotic factor CTGF may contribute to a potential protective effect of hypoxic preconditioning in acute renal injury.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Are proliferation of colo-357 pancreatic carcinoma cells and survival of patients with pancreatic carcinoma altered by insulin glargine?
Answer: Regular human insulin and insulin glargine may be used to treat diabetes in patients with pancreatic cancer.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Does a pediatric amino acid solution for total parenteral nutrition affect liver function test results in neonates?
Answer: These findings indicate that this amino acid solution for pediatrics has no significant effect on LFTs in neonates, even when high doses of amino acids (3.5 g/kg per day) are infused.
[EX A]: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Do patients with ClearCode34-identified molecular subtypes of clear cell renal cell carcinoma represent unique populations with distinct comorbidities?
Answer: ClearCode34, after considering distinct patterns of comorbidities in each molecular subtype, remains a strong prognostic tool in patients with ccRCC. Obesity and diabetes mellitus emerged as factors that may influence ccRCC phenotypes and further studies investigating the effect of these metabolic conditions functionally onto tumor biology are warranted. Additionally, use of angiotensin system inhibitors could be studied in the context of ccRCC molecular classification in future studies to better understand its effect on ccRCC outcomes.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Do gene expression and genetic analysis reveal diverse causes of recessive self-compatibility in Brassica napus L?
Answer: The recessive SC in eight accessions is caused by the loss of function of BnSCR-7 and BnSCR-6 in pollen. Translational repression contributes to the recessive SC in three accessions, whose SRK and SCR genes were expressed normally and had identical CDSs to BrS-29 or BoS-15. SI in 11 F1 hybrids relies on the expression of BnSCR-1300 rather than SRK genes. Other factor(s) independent of the S locus are involved in recessive SC. Therefore, diverse causes underlie recessive SC in B. napus, yielding insight into these complex mechanisms.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Does early primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot lead to increased postoperative resource utilization?
Answer: Extracardiac anomalies, prematurity, low birth weight, and nonelective surgical intervention are predictors of increased morbidity and increased hospital resource utilization and impose a significant cost burden to the care of these patients. Early primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot can be safely performed without any increase in morbidity or increased hospital resource utilization.
[A]: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Are factors associated with HIV infection the same for all women?
Answer: Factors vary in importance and significance of association with HIV infection in different subpopulations of women resident in Great Britain. This diversity is also likely to occur in other populations. It is important to identify these differences between subpopulations. Prevention and control policies and activities for HIV/AIDS cannot treat all women as if they were the same.
no
Question: Does dll1 haploinsufficiency in adult mice lead to a complex phenotype affecting metabolic and immunological processes?
Answer: In conclusion, slight alterations in one player of Notch signaling alter the entire organism, emphasizing the fine-tuning character of this pathway in a high number of processes.
yes
Question: Does ethanolic Ginkgo biloba leaf extract prevent renal fibrosis through Akt/mTOR signaling in diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: GbE can prevent renal fibrosis in rats with diabetic nephropathy, which is most likely to be associated with its abilities to inhibit the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
| yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Is recent unstable angina and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting related to postoperative atrial fibrillation?
Answer: Post-CABG AF is associated with more complicated postoperative outcome. Recent unstable angina and off-pump procedure is not related to the occurrence of post-CABG AF.
[A]: no
[Q]: Question: Is pKCε a negative regulator of PVAT-derived vessel formation?
Answer: PKCε negatively interferes with vessel progenitor differentiation via interaction with PAK-1.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Is functional variation in VEGF associated with type 2 diabetes in a United Kingdom Caucasian population?
Answer: This is the first large-scale study to examine the association between common functional variation in VEGF and type 2 diabetes risk. We have found no evidence that these three single nucleotide polymorphisms, shown previously to alter VEGF concentrations, are risk factors for type 2 diabetes in a large UK Caucasian case-control and family-based study.
[A]: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Does tRAIL receptor deletion in mice suppress the inflammation of nutrient excess?
Answer: These data advance the concept that macrophage-associated hepatic and adipose tissue inflammation of nutrient excess requires TR signaling.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Is magnesium sulfate used for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Mexico and Thailand as much as it should be?
Answer: Despite compelling evidence, magnesium sulfate use is below desired levels. Clinical practices should be audited and implementation of this effective intervention should be taken up as a priority where universal implementation is not in place.
[A]: no
[Q]: Question: Do combined effects of obesity and type 2 diabetes contribute to increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women?
Answer: Obesity and type 2 diabetes, owing to their effects on adipocytokines and inflammatory mediators, contribute to increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. This study emphasizes healthy life style and better management of these metabolic disorders to avoid the pathogenesis of breast cancer and of other chronic diseases.
[A]: | yes
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Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Do extremely cold and hot temperatures increase the risk of diabetes mortality in metropolitan areas of two Chinese cities?
Answer: The results indicate that both extremely cold and hot temperatures increase diabetes mortality in different manners in Harbin and Chongqing. Diabetes education programs should include information on either managing or combating the effects of extreme hot and cold weather.
Output: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Output: yes
The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input case for you: Question: Is nOX2-generated oxidative stress associated with severity of ultrasound liver steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
Answer: We demonstrated increased markers of oxidative stress in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Urinary 8-iso-PGF2α and serum soluble NOX2-derived peptide levels were independent from obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome and increased with the severity of liver steatosis at ultrasound.
Output: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Do xenon and nitrous oxide depress cardiac function in an isolated rat heart model?
Answer: Our data suggest that cardiac contractility was decreased by the effects of reduced O2 delivery, but both Xe and N2O did not cause further cardiac depressant effects compared to N2 in this experimental model.
A: no
****
Q: Question: Does the ets-domain transcription factor Spdef promote maturation of goblet and paneth cells in the intestinal epithelium?
Answer: Spdef acts downstream of Math1 to promote terminal differentiation of a secretory progenitor pool into Paneth and goblet cells.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Is initial combination therapy with metformin , pioglitazone and exenatide more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes . Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes ( EDICT ) : a randomized trial?
Answer: The results of this exploratory study show that combination therapy with metformin/pioglitazone/exenatide in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM is more effective and results in fewer hypoglycaemic events than sequential add-on therapy with metformin, sulfonylurea and then basal insulin.
A: | yes
****
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Does the methionine-choline deficient dietary model of steatohepatitis exhibit insulin resistance?
Answer: GTT, ITT and QUICKI confirmed the absence of insulin resistance in the MCD fed mice. This model causes fibrosing steatohepatitis and may help delineate the non-insulin resistant mechanisms involved in human steatohepatitis.
A: no
****
Q: Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Stenosis carotid artery stenting in high risk patients with carotid artery eligible for endarterectomy : clinical outcome after 5 years?
Answer: This study confirms that stent procedures are beneficial for symptomatic carotid stenosis in patients not eligible for surgery.
A: | no
****
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example Input: Question: Does mPGES-2 deletion remarkably enhance liver injury in streptozotocin-treated mice via induction of GLUT2?
Answer: mPGES-2 deletion enhanced STZ-induced liver toxicity possibly via GLUT2-mediated STZ uptake, independently of diabetes mellitus.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Are filaggrin loss-of-function mutations a predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis in an Ishigaki Island under subtropical climate?
Answer: The FLG loss-of-function mutation frequency was not significantly different between the AD and non-AD groups in a cohort of children from Ishigaki Island, which has a subtropical climate, suggesting that FLG loss-of-function mutations are not always a predisposing factor for AD prevalence.
Example Output: no
Example Input: Question: Do continence alterations after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis diminish quality of life?
Answer: Although continence is clearly altered after pelvic pouch surgery, quality of life is extremely well preserved.
Example Output: | no
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Is time point important for effects of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for type 1 diabetes in mice?
Answer: These results indicated that syn-BMT should be performed, when diabetes is neither too new-onset nor too late-stage. Tregs represent one mechanism for syn-BMT-induced restoration of immune tolerance in STZ-diabetic mice.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Do associations of Heart Rate With Inflammatory Markers Are Modulated by Gender and Obesity in Older Adults?
Answer: Faster HR is associated with proinflammatory state in elderly patients; this association seems to be limited to women with higher BMI.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Is genetic polymorphism in exon 2 of cathepsin D associated with vascular dementia?
Answer: The major genotype frequency at CTSD C224T in normal controls was higher in the Asian population than in various European populations. Our study does not show a significant difference in genotype (P=0.3071) and allele (P=0.2291) frequencies of CTSD C224T between VaD and normal controls. This was the first genetic association study of CTSD in a VaD population.
[A]: | no
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Definition: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Does preeclampsia share common risk alleles in 9p21 with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Our study did not find evidence for the involvement of the 9p21 region in the risk of preeclampsia. Key Message Chromosome 9p21 is not associated with preeclampsia.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Does ataxia Severity correlate with White Matter Degeneration in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7?
Answer: These results suggest a significant contribution of local cerebellar and cerebellar-midbrain connections to ataxic impairment in spinocerebellar ataxia type 7. The results also suggest an involvement of cortical WM abnormalities including tracts within the occipital and frontal cortices. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive view of the clinical impact of the white matter degeneration in spinocerebellar ataxia type 7.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Does prescription consisting of Vitamin C and Baicalin inhibit tumor growth by enhancing the antioxidant capacity in vivo?
Answer: PVB shows better antitumor effect than Vc and baicalin used alone, and it can significantly enhance the immunity and antioxidant capacity of the mice.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Does pPARγ activation affect endothelin activity in non-diabetic patients with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia?
Answer: In non-diabetic patients with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia, pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and inflammation but does not affect endothelin activity. Our data suggest that the determinants of endothelin-1 vascular activity in vivo may differ and/or be more complex than those suggested by the results of previous in vitro studies.
[A]: | no
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example input: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example output: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Does experimental diabetes mellitus type 1 increase hippocampal content of kynurenic acid in rats?
Answer: A novel factor potentially implicated in diabetic hippocampal dysfunction has been identified. Observed increase of KYNA level may stem from the activation of endogenous neuroprotection, however, it may also have negative impact on cognition.
A: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example solution: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Does pPARγ activation affect endothelin activity in non-diabetic patients with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia?
Answer: In non-diabetic patients with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia, pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and inflammation but does not affect endothelin activity. Our data suggest that the determinants of endothelin-1 vascular activity in vivo may differ and/or be more complex than those suggested by the results of previous in vitro studies.
| Solution: no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Teacher:Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Question: Is aNGPTL2 associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and death in diabetic patients?
Answer: In patients with type 2 diabetes, serum ANGPTL2 concentrations were independently associated with death and MACE. Therefore, ANGPTL2 is a promising candidate biomarker for improving risk stratification in type 2 diabetes patients, and may prove to be a valuable therapeutic target.
Student: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
PROBLEM: Question: Does mPGES-2 deletion remarkably enhance liver injury in streptozotocin-treated mice via induction of GLUT2?
Answer: mPGES-2 deletion enhanced STZ-induced liver toxicity possibly via GLUT2-mediated STZ uptake, independently of diabetes mellitus.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Are standard equations accurate in assessing resting energy expenditure in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
Answer: We found that standard equations used to calculate energy expenditure were not valid for patients with ALS. Moreover, the majority of our patients were either overfed or underfed. As underfeeding can cause diaphragm impairment, and overfeeding can increase ventilatory load, indirect calorimetry should be considered in ALS patients to determine optimal caloric requirement.
SOLUTION: no
PROBLEM: Question: Are anxiety but not depression symptoms associated with greater perceived dyspnea in asthma during bronchoconstriction?
Answer: Anxiety but not depression was associated with greater perceived dyspnea intensity but not other measures of respiratory discomfort in individuals with asthma. Anxiety may shape the quality and intensity of dyspnea at a given respiratory load.
SOLUTION: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Are elevated beta2-glycoprotein I-low-density lipoprotein levels associated with the presence of diabetic microvascular complications?
Answer: Elevated serum β2-GPI-LDL levels may be a serological hallmark of enhanced LDL oxidation in vivo and closely associated with the presence of diabetic microvascular complications. | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
PROBLEM: Question: Do allergens of Epicoccum nigrum grown in different media for quality source material?
Answer: The day-13 culture of EN in SBY was the most potent and may be selected for preparing EN extracts for diagnosis of allergy and future studies.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Do combined effects of obesity and type 2 diabetes contribute to increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women?
Answer: Obesity and type 2 diabetes, owing to their effects on adipocytokines and inflammatory mediators, contribute to increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. This study emphasizes healthy life style and better management of these metabolic disorders to avoid the pathogenesis of breast cancer and of other chronic diseases.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Does zinc treatment ameliorate diarrhea and intestinal inflammation in undernourished rats?
Answer: Altogether our findings provide novel mechanisms of zinc action in the setting of diarrhea and undernutrition and support the use of zinc to prevent the vicious cycle of malnutrition and diarrhea.
SOLUTION: | yes
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Let me give you an example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
The answer to this example can be: yes
Here is why: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
OK. solve this:
Question: Does insulin combined with Chinese medicine improve glycemic outcome through multiple pathways in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Answer: The results from our study showed that the combination therapy of SQF and insulin significantly improved the clinical outcome of type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with insulin monotherapy. The mechanism of improvement was possibly involved in the multiple pathways.
Answer: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Does discovery-based protein expression profiling identify distinct subgroups and pathways in leiomyosarcomas?
Answer: These results suggest that UPS tumors share a similar lineage as leiomyosarcomas and are likely to originate from different stages of differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells to smooth muscle cells.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Do novel meta-analysis-derived type 2 diabetes risk loci determine prediabetic phenotypes?
Answer: In contrast to the first series of GWA-derived type 2 diabetes candidate SNPs, we could not detect reliable associations of the novel risk loci with prediabetic phenotypes. Possible weak effects of ADAMTS9 SNP rs4607103 and VEGFA SNP rs9472138 on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, respectively, await further confirmation by larger studies.
A: no
****
Q: Question: Is total laparoscopic resection for advanced gastric cancer safe and feasible in the Western population?
Answer: Following total laparoscopic resection for advanced gastric cancer, oncologic endpoints, postoperative course, and early cancer-specific follow-up are excellent. The results demonstrated here support the routine use of these techniques in the Western patient population.
A: | yes
****
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Teacher: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Reason: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this instance: Question: Does diabetes alter mortality or hemostatic and inflammatory responses in patients with severe sepsis?
Answer: Although diabetes is a risk factor for sepsis, once established, the outcome of severe sepsis does not appear to be significantly influenced by the presence of diabetes. In nondiabetic patients, however, admission hyperglycemia is associated with an increased mortality.
Student: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Problem:Question: Does frequency of mealtime insulin bolus predict glycated hemoglobin in youths with type 1 diabetes?
Answer: In a prospective, longitudinal design, youths' BOLUS scores were superior to youths' daily BGM in predicting future values of HbA1c. Calculating a BOLUS score versus BGM can help researchers and clinicians achieve a better prediction of youths' HbA1c.
Solution: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Does vagus nerve stimulation have antidepressant effects in the kainic acid model for temporal lobe epilepsy?
Answer: The KA rats displayed anhedonia which was significantly decreased by VNS, indicating that this neuromodulatory treatment could likewise diminish depressive symptoms in patients suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy and comorbid depression.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Do several mechanical manipulations of the wall of the inner ear affect air and bone conduction auditory thresholds?
Answer: It is likely that an alternative mode of cochlear excitation is possible.
[A]: no
[Q]: Question: Do serum miRNA biomarkers serve as a fingerprint for proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: These data provide evidence that serum miRNAs have the potential to be sensitive, cost-effective biomarkers for the early detection of PDR. These biomarkers could serve as a dynamic monitoring factor for detecting the progression of PDR from NPDR.
[A]: | yes
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Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Question: Does irbesartan treatment influence plasma levels of the advanced glycation end products N ( epsilon ) ( 1-carboxymethyl ) lysine and N ( epsilon ) ( 1-carboxyethyl ) lysine in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria . A randomized controlled trial?
Answer: Long-term irbesartan treatment does not influence plasma levels of the AGE CML and CEL in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria.
Output: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Does ethanolic Ginkgo biloba leaf extract prevent renal fibrosis through Akt/mTOR signaling in diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: GbE can prevent renal fibrosis in rats with diabetic nephropathy, which is most likely to be associated with its abilities to inhibit the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Does atomoxetine reduce hyperactive/impulsive behaviours in neurokinin-1 receptor 'knockout ' mice?
Answer: This evidence that atomoxetine reduces hyperactive/impulsive behaviours in NK1R(-/-) mice consolidates the validity of using NK1R(-/-) mice in research of the aetiology and treatment of ADHD.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Do combined effects of obesity and type 2 diabetes contribute to increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women?
Answer: Obesity and type 2 diabetes, owing to their effects on adipocytokines and inflammatory mediators, contribute to increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. This study emphasizes healthy life style and better management of these metabolic disorders to avoid the pathogenesis of breast cancer and of other chronic diseases.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Are wedding rings a significant source of bacterial contamination following surgical scrubbing?
Answer: This preliminary study would suggest that a traditional band wedding ring is not a source of a bacterial load following a standard surgical scrub procedure and, as such, there is no requirement for their removal pre-operatively.
[EX A]: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Is the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus an obligatory trigger site of Parkinson 's disease : a critical analysis of alpha-synuclein staging?
Answer: Our results demonstrate a predominant involvement of the SN and NBM in PD but do not support the existence of a medullary induction site of alpha Syn pathology in all PD brains.
Answer: no
Question: Question: Is muscle dysfunction during exercise of a single skeletal muscle in rats with congestive heart failure associated with reduced muscle blood supply?
Answer: The cause of contractile dysfunction in a single exercising skeletal muscle in rats with CHF cannot be explained simply by reduced blood supply. In addition, absence of changes in high-energy phosphates and metabolites indicate that the oxidative metabolism of SOL is intact in rats with CHF.
Answer: no
Question: Question: Does high or low calcium intake increase cardiovascular disease risks in older patients with type 2 diabetes?
Answer: High or low calcium intake increases cardiovascular disease risks. We suggest that "moderate" intake of 402-600 mg Ca/day (approximately 67%-100% of Taiwan RDA for Ca) and adequate Mg intake (or meeting RDA for Mg) with Ca:Mg intake ratio of 2.0-2.5 are important for reducing cardiovascular disease risks in older patients with diabetes.
Answer: | yes
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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instruction:
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
question:
Question: Is histamine released in acute thermal injury in human skin in vivo : a microdialysis study?
Answer: Histamine is not released in human skin during the acute phase of a thermal injury.
answer:
no
question:
Question: Is hIC2 a novel dosage-dependent regulator of cardiac development located within the distal 22q11 deletion syndrome region?
Answer: Our results demonstrate a novel role for Hic2 in cardiac development. Hic2 is the first gene within the distal 22q11 interval to have a demonstrated haploinsufficient cardiac phenotype in mice. Together our data suggest that HIC2 haploinsufficiency likely contributes to the cardiac defects seen in distal 22q11 deletion syndrome.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Is polycystic ovary syndrome associated with polymorphisms of the TCF7L2 , CDKAL1 , HHEX , KCNJ11 , FTO and SLC30A8 genes?
Answer: Our results suggest that the six type 2 diabetes-associated genes identified in genome-wide association studies are not associated with PCOS.
answer:
| no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Does bacillus anthracis S-layer protein BslA bound to extracellular matrix by interacting with laminin?
Answer: These data demonstrated that laminin is a ligand for BslA.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Does mPGES-2 deletion remarkably enhance liver injury in streptozotocin-treated mice via induction of GLUT2?
Answer: mPGES-2 deletion enhanced STZ-induced liver toxicity possibly via GLUT2-mediated STZ uptake, independently of diabetes mellitus.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Is a difficult airway more prevalent in patients suffering from spasmodic torticollis : a case series?
Answer: This study assesses the frequency of difficult intubation in patients suffering from spasmodic torticollis. When compared to the general population, these patients do not appear to have a higher frequency of difficult airway or difficult intubation.
[A]: | no
| task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Do fasting hyperinsulinaemia and 2-h glycaemia predict coronary heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Fasting insulin levels are positively associated with incidence of CHD in T2D. Furthermore, 2hPG appears to be a significant predictor of incident CHD independently of other risk factors, including HbA1c. These findings suggest that strategies targeting the reduction of insulinaemia and post-load glycaemia may be useful for preventing cardiovascular complications.
| yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
One example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution is here: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this: Question: Does casein glycomacropeptide-derived peptide IPPKKNQDKTE ameliorate high glucose-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via activation of AMPK signaling?
Answer: IPPKKNQDKTE prevents high glucose-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells by modulating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through AMPK activation, indicating that IPPKKNQDKTE plays a potential role in the prevention and treatment of hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Solution: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Does inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore restore the cardioprotection by postconditioning in diabetic hearts?
Answer: The loss of cardioprotection by IPostC in diabetic state can be overcome by increasing the potency of protective IPostC through its co-application with mPTP inhibition.
| yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Does mPGES-2 deletion remarkably enhance liver injury in streptozotocin-treated mice via induction of GLUT2?
Answer: mPGES-2 deletion enhanced STZ-induced liver toxicity possibly via GLUT2-mediated STZ uptake, independently of diabetes mellitus.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Does adenosine-activated myocardial ischemia induce delayed preconditioning?
Answer: Adenosine-induced ischemia does not exert a delayed protective effect in respect to cardiac bioelectrical and mechanical functions in patients with ischemic heart disease in the form of stable effort angina.
Answer: no
Question: Question: Does the dual mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibitor PP242 show strong antitumor activity in a pheochromocytoma PC12 cell tumor model?
Answer: Our study showed that PP242 showed strong antitumor activity in a pheochromocytoma PC12 cell tumor model. Based on our study, dual mTORC1/2 kinase inhibitors warrant further investigation as a potential treatment for malignant pheochromocytomas or paragangliomas.
Answer: | yes
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Do serial montreal cognitive assessments demonstrate reversible cognitive impairment in patients with acute transient ischemic attack and minor stroke?
Answer: Acute temporary cognitive impairment after TIA/minor stroke is common. The MoCA is sensitive to these changes, but the MMSE is not. Routine cognitive assessment after TIA/minor stroke may be warranted and relevant to return to activities even when other neurological deficits are not evident.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Do extremely cold and hot temperatures increase the risk of diabetes mortality in metropolitan areas of two Chinese cities?
Answer: The results indicate that both extremely cold and hot temperatures increase diabetes mortality in different manners in Harbin and Chongqing. Diabetes education programs should include information on either managing or combating the effects of extreme hot and cold weather.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Does lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 predict mortality or new ischaemic events in acute coronary syndrome patients?
Answer: ACS patients had higher Lp-PLA(2) levels than healthy controls. Lp-PLA(2) was significantly correlated to lipid levels but only weakly correlated or unrelated to other well-established risk markers in ACS. The risk of future cardiovascular events or mortality was not related to Lp-PLA(2) levels in ACS patients. The biological role of Lp-PLA(2) and its role as a risk marker in ACS patients still remain unclear.
[EX A]: | no
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Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Are proliferation of colo-357 pancreatic carcinoma cells and survival of patients with pancreatic carcinoma altered by insulin glargine?
Answer: Regular human insulin and insulin glargine may be used to treat diabetes in patients with pancreatic cancer.
A: | no | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Problem:Question: Does losartan counteract the hyper-reactivity to angiotensin II and ROCK1 over-activation in aortas isolated from streptozotocin-injected diabetic rats?
Answer: Aortas isolated from STZ-rats present hyper-contracture to AT-II mainly dependent on the up-regulation of ROCK1 expression/activity. In vivo losartan treatment partially corrects AT-II hyper-contracture, limiting the increase in ROCK1 expression/activity. These data offer a new molecular mechanism supporting the rationale for using losartan in the prevention of diabetic vascular complications.
Solution: | yes | task846_pubmedqa_classification |
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Ex Input:
Question: Does pharmacological preconditioning using intraportal infusion of L-arginine protect against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury?
Answer: Pharmacological preconditioning with intraportal L-arginine provided protection against hepatic I/RI in early phases of the reperfusion period. The mechanisms underlying the protective effect may include preservation of the mitochondrial structure and inhibition of caspase-3 activity.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Does a protein complex containing Inscuteable and the Galpha-binding protein Pins orient asymmetric cell divisions in Drosophila?
Answer: Pins and Inscuteable are dependent on each other for asymmetric localisation in delaminated neuroblasts. The binding of Pins to Galpha protein offers the intriguing possibility that Inscuteable and Pins might orient asymmetric cell divisions by localising or locally modulating a heterotrimeric G-protein signalling cascade at the apical cell cortex.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Are myopia and/or longer axial length protective against diabetic retinopathy : a meta-analysis?
Answer: This meta-analysis suggests that both myopic refraction and longer AL are associated with a lower risk of DR. Further studies are needed to determine exact mechanisms underpinning the protective effect of myopia against DR.
Ex Output:
| yes
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instruction:
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
question:
Question: Is neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio a reliable predictive marker for early-stage diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: Increased NLR was significantly associated with DN, and high NLR values may be a reliable predictive marker of early-stage DN.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Does growth hormone ( GH ) treatment restore endothelial function in children with GH deficiency?
Answer: These results indicate that endothelial function is impaired in children with GHD. GH therapy does not restore the impairment.
answer:
no
question:
Question: Does comorbidity influence multiple aspects of well-being of patients with ischemic heart disease?
Answer: This study showed a consistent pattern of associations between somatic comorbidities and multiple aspects of well-being among patients with IHD. Findings may increase cardiologists' interest to identify and treat somatic conditions among IHD patients.
answer:
| yes
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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Do novel meta-analysis-derived type 2 diabetes risk loci determine prediabetic phenotypes?
Answer: In contrast to the first series of GWA-derived type 2 diabetes candidate SNPs, we could not detect reliable associations of the novel risk loci with prediabetic phenotypes. Possible weak effects of ADAMTS9 SNP rs4607103 and VEGFA SNP rs9472138 on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, respectively, await further confirmation by larger studies.
[A]: no
[Q]: Question: Are the Randomized Olmesartan and Diabetes Microalbuminuria Prevention ( ROADMAP ) observational follow-up study : benefits of RAS blockade with olmesartan treatment sustained after study discontinuation?
Answer: Development of microalbuminuria is a valid marker for future CV events. RAS blockade with Olmesartan might cause sustained reduction (legacy effect) of micro- and macrovascular events.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Does early cleavage predict treatment outcome following the use of GnRH antagonists in women older than 35?
Answer: In women older than 35 years, the early-cleavage rate of zygotes is significantly lower in the GnRH antagonist group than the agonist group. Early-cleavage status of zygotes is not a reliable predictor for embryo implantation in patients receiving the GnRH antagonist protocol.
[A]: | no
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TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
PROBLEM: Question: Are intrafollicular interleukin-8 , interleukin-12 , and adrenomedullin the promising prognostic markers of oocyte and embryo quality in women with endometriosis?
Answer: The levels of IL-8, IL-12, and adrenomedullin may be good indicators of embryo and oocyte quality in endometriosis patients undergoing IVF. Further studies are necessary to ascertain the potential of these markers for oocyte and embryo developmental competence which may help improve the chances of a successful IVF in endometriosis patients.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Does co-Transplantation of Skin-Derived Precursors and Collagen Sponge facilitate Diabetic Wound Healing by Promoting Local Vascular Regeneration?
Answer: Accelerated wound healing and enhanced local capillary regeneration could be observed 14 days after skin ablation from both SKPs and collagen sponge co-transplanted and collagen sponge only groups. Subsequent analyses further revealed superior pro-angiogenic effects from the SKP and collagen sponge co-delivered group, which are mainly attributable to in vivo transdifferentation and paracrine signalling of the SKPs.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Is dietary counseling associated with an improved lipid profile in children with familial hypercholesterolemia?
Answer: FH children had a higher intake of SFA than recommended and the SFA intake was positively correlated with plasma TC, LDL-C and apo B levels in FH children not using statins. Importantly, the plasma lipid profile was improved in FH children after dietary counseling where focus was on reducing intake of SFA and dietary cholesterol.
SOLUTION: | yes
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TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
PROBLEM: Question: Do extremely cold and hot temperatures increase the risk of diabetes mortality in metropolitan areas of two Chinese cities?
Answer: The results indicate that both extremely cold and hot temperatures increase diabetes mortality in different manners in Harbin and Chongqing. Diabetes education programs should include information on either managing or combating the effects of extreme hot and cold weather.
SOLUTION: yes
PROBLEM: Question: Is [ The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting effected by routinely applied manual pre-oxygenation during induction of anesthesia ]?
Answer: Since neither routine pre-intubation positive pressure mask ventilation nor the medical qualification of the anesthesilogist affect the incidence of PONV neither variable needs to be taken into account in studies concerning PONV.
SOLUTION: no
PROBLEM: Question: Are health care workers in Pearl River Delta Area of China vaccinated adequately against hepatitis B : a retrospective cohort study?
Answer: The vaccination rate was a disappointingly low among HCWs in Pearl River Delta Area of China. HCWs working in infectious diseases departments and technicians were at particularly likely to have been infected with HBV. A concerted effort is needed to bring vaccination rates up among Chinese HCWs in Pearl River Delta Area of southern China.
SOLUTION: | no
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