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2,155,139 | California Coastal Commission alleged violators. A bill in the California legislature to grant the commission a broad power to issue fines was defeated in September 2013. However legislation attached to the state budget in the summer of 2014 finally granted the authority to impose fines on violators of public-access which could apply to about a third of the backlog of over 2,000 unresolved enforcement cases. The first notable fines were issued in December 2016 against Malibu property owners Dr. Warren M. Lent and his wife, for 4.2 million dollars, and Simon and Daniel Mani, owners of the Malibu Beach Inn, who settled amicably | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,140 | California Coastal Commission for $925,000. The difference in severity of the fines were attributed to the "egregious" nature of the Lent case. The Supreme Court of the United States ruled in the 1987 case of "Nollan v. California Coastal Commission" that a requirement by the agency was a taking in violation of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. The Coastal Commission had required that a lateral public easement along the Nollans' beachfront lot be dedicated to facilitate pedestrian access to public beaches as a condition of approval of a permit to demolish an existing bungalow and replace it with a three-bedroom house. The Coastal | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,141 | California Coastal Commission Commission had asserted that the public-easement condition was imposed to promote the legitimate state interest of diminishing the "blockage of the view of the ocean" caused by construction of the larger house. The court, in a narrow decision, ruled that an "essential nexus" must exist between the legitimate state interest and the permit condition imposed by government. California Coastal Commission The California Coastal Commission is a state agency in the U.S. state of California with quasi-judicial regulatory oversight over land use and public access in the California coastal zone. The California Coastal Commission's mission is "To protect, conserve, restore, and | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,142 | Alpha Camelopardalis Alpha Camelopardalis Alpha Camelopardalis (Alpha Cam, α Camelopardalis, α Cam) is a star in the constellation Camelopardalis, with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.3. It is the third-brightest star in this not-very-prominent circumpolar constellation, the first and second-brightest stars being β Camelopardalis and CS Camelopardalis, respectively. It is the farthest constellational star, with a distance of 6,000 light-years from Earth. Alpha Camelopardalis has a stellar classification of O9 Ia, with the 'Ia' indicating that it is an O-type luminous supergiant. It is a massive star with 31 times the mass of the Sun and 37 times the Sun's radius. The | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,143 | Alpha Camelopardalis effective temperature of the outer envelope is 30,000 K; much hotter than the Sun's effective temperature of 5,778 K, giving it the characteristic blue hue of an O-type star. It is emitting 620,000 times the luminosity of the Sun and is a weak X-ray emitter. Variations in the profiles of Alpha Camelopardalis' spectral lines are caused by fluctuations in the photosphere and stellar wind. This may be caused by non-radial pulsations. The absorption lines in the optical spectrum show radial velocity variations, although there is significant uncertainty about the period. Estimates range from a period as low as 0.36 days | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,144 | Alpha Camelopardalis up to 2.93 days. The stellar wind from this star is not smooth and continuous, but instead shows a behavior indicating clumping at both large and small scales. This star is losing mass rapidly through its stellar wind at a rate of approximately 6.3 × 10 solar masses per year, or the equivalent of the mass of the Sun every 160,000 years. In 1968, this star was classified as a spectroscopic binary, indicating that it has an orbiting stellar companion with a period of 3.68 days and an orbital eccentricity of 0.45. Subsequent studies refined the period to 3.24 days. | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,145 | Alpha Camelopardalis However, in 2006 it was recognized that the changes in the spectrum were probably the result of changes in the atmosphere or stellar wind, so it is more likely a single star. Speckle interferometry observations with the 3.67 m Advanced Electro Optical System Telescope at the Haleakala Observatory failed to detect a secondary component. In 1961, based on the criteria that the proper motion of this star indicates a space velocity of greater than 30 km/s, Alpha Camelopardalis was suggested as a candidate runaway star that had been ejected from the cluster NGC 1502. This was based upon the kinematic | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,146 | Alpha Camelopardalis properties of the star and cluster, as well as the location of this star at a high galactic latitude in an area otherwise lacking in stellar associations. Over the course of a million years, this star should have moved only 1.4° across the sky, while it was estimated as being only two million years old. Runaway stars such as this with a stellar wind that is moving at supersonic velocity through the interstellar medium have their wind confined by a bow shock due to ram pressure. The dust in this bow shock can be detected using an infrared telescope. Just | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,147 | Alpha Camelopardalis such a bow shock was observed with NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE. The star is traveling at a rate of somewhere between 680 and 4,200 kilometers per second: between 1.5 and 9.4 million mph. In Chinese, (), meaning "Right Wall of Purple Forbidden Enclosure", refers to an asterism consisting of α Camelopardalis, α Draconis, κ Draconis, λ Draconis, 24 Ursae Majoris, 43 Camelopardalis and BK Camelopardalis. Consequently, α Camelopardalis itself is known as (, .), representing (), meaning "Second Imperial Guard". 少衛 (Shǎowèi) is westernized into Shaou Wei by R. H. Allen, the meaning is "Minor Guard", but | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,148 | Alpha Camelopardalis it is not clearly designated. Alpha Camelopardalis Alpha Camelopardalis (Alpha Cam, α Camelopardalis, α Cam) is a star in the constellation Camelopardalis, with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.3. It is the third-brightest star in this not-very-prominent circumpolar constellation, the first and second-brightest stars being β Camelopardalis and CS Camelopardalis, respectively. It is the farthest constellational star, with a distance of 6,000 light-years from Earth. Alpha Camelopardalis has a stellar classification of O9 Ia, with the 'Ia' indicating that it is an O-type luminous supergiant. It is a massive star with 31 times the mass of the Sun and 37 | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,149 | Rex Mundi (Dark Horse Comics) Rex Mundi (Dark Horse Comics) Rex Mundi is an American comic book series published by Image Comics (2003–2006) and Dark Horse Comics (2006–2009), written by Arvid Nelson and drawn by Argentinian artist Juan Ferreyra. In all, 19 issues were published by Image before the series moved to Dark Horse, where a further 19 were published before the title ended. The series is a quest for the Holy Grail told as a murder mystery. It is set in the year 1933, in an alternate history Europe, where magic is real, feudalism persisted, and the Protestant Reformation was crushed by a still | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,150 | Rex Mundi (Dark Horse Comics) politically powerful Catholic Church. All of this is woven together as "... a meditation on the prophecies surrounding the advent of the Bahá'í era." The book takes its name from the Latin term meaning "King of the World". It is derived from the Cathar heresies of the Middle Ages, and taken up in works like "The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail". Within the Cathar context it seems to have been equated with the Demiurge. "Rex Mundi" writer and co-creator Arvid Nelson came up with "Rex Mundi" while in Paris helping to film a documentary on "The Paris Review", a | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,151 | Rex Mundi (Dark Horse Comics) literary magazine founded by Ivy League ex-pats in the 1950s Surrounded by the juxtaposition of being in an ancient city in otherwise modern times, Nelson says he had the idea, although very vague at the time, about a story set in a place that looked modern but was actually medieval. When speaking of his plans for the story, Nelson said that it would remain primarily set in Europe, but the very end will involve a Muslim Spain. "Rex Mundi" artist, Juan Ferreyra, cites photographer Eugène Atget, artist Alphonse Mucha and Coco Chanel among the many visual references for his work | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,152 | Rex Mundi (Dark Horse Comics) in "Rex Mundi". Nelson described the impact his Bahá'í faith had on the concept: "Rex Mundi" was initially published by Image Comics, starting in 2003. In August 2006 it moved to Dark Horse. This came about after Nelson and Eric J split over creative differences. Eric J described the situation in a note to members of the Rex Mundi mailing list announcing his departure from the title: Subsequently, Nelson sent the Image collections to Dark Horse editor Scott Allie. Dark Horse then expressed interest in taking over the publication of "Rex Mundi", and Nelson described it as "an incredible opportunity | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,153 | Rex Mundi (Dark Horse Comics) that he wanted to take full advantage of". Rex Mundi devotes space in each issue to a fictitious newspaper, "Le Journal de la Liberté", which enables Nelson to embellish events elsewhere in the setting without writing them entirely in his storylines, thus giving readers some useful, but not always essential, background. The official website for "Rex Mundi" initially carried a spin-off comic series called "Brother Matthew". Prior to the breakdown in the creative team of Nelson and Johnson, Nelson had commented that he was considering another comic series set in the same universe as "Rex Mundi" with different characters. The | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,154 | Rex Mundi (Dark Horse Comics) Dark Horse Book of Monsters, which was the fourth book released in a series of books under The Dark Horse Book of banner, included a Rex Mundi story by Nelson and Ferreyra called To Weave a Lover. "Rex Mundi" has been collected in the following trade paperbacks. There have been a number of rumours about a film version of "Rex Mundi". In 2006, Jim Uhls was hired to write a script for Johnny Depp to star in and produce. It is not known how much further production has progressed since then. Arvid Nelson confirms the rumor of the movie, and | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,155 | Rex Mundi (Dark Horse Comics) working with Johnny Depp. In December 2008, Nelson described that "the wheels of Hollywood grind slowly. ... We are at a second revision of the screenplay, so that's good. The way this works is there are periods of feverish activity, followed by lulls ... We're in one of the lulls now." An interview with MTV's "Splash Page" in March 2009 confirmed the film was still progressing and searching for a director. Rex Mundi (Dark Horse Comics) Rex Mundi is an American comic book series published by Image Comics (2003–2006) and Dark Horse Comics (2006–2009), written by Arvid Nelson and drawn | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,156 | Kiss the Sky (film) Kiss the Sky (film) Kiss the Sky is a 1998 drama film directed by Roger Young. The plot follows two men in their forties, friends since college, who travel together on a business trip to the Philippines. There they examine their lives and consider trading their adult responsibilities for a return to the hedonism of their youth. Jeff and Marty are friends and in a middle age crisis. Jeff is married with Franny and has two daughters, Marty is married with Beth. In their marriages, something is missing. When they travel to the Philippines, they meet Andy and both fall | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,157 | Kiss the Sky (film) in love with her. They have a threesome and decide to leave their families and live together. Andy introduced them to Kozen, a Zen Buddhist monk, and they decide to build a refuge in one isolated beach. After a period together, Jeff misses his family and the relationship of the group deteriorates when Andy falls in love with Jeff. Kiss the Sky (film) Kiss the Sky is a 1998 drama film directed by Roger Young. The plot follows two men in their forties, friends since college, who travel together on a business trip to the Philippines. There they examine their | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,158 | Greyday Productions Greyday Productions Greyday Productions, sometimes called simply Greyday Records, is an independent record label based in Portland, Oregon, United States. Formed to release a new record from long-time friends Still Life, Greyday has grown from a musician run DIY collective to a full independent label. Operated mainly by Todd Berry (who moved to Portland from Los Angeles in 2001), Greyday has a constantly changing staff of friends and interns who help with a lot of the day-to-day operations. Greyday Records is distributed by Burnside Distribution Corporation. Greydawn is operated by Greyday Records in Portland, Oregon. It is a collective of | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,159 | Greyday Productions independent and self-releasing artists. More of an imprint than a label, it is a place for serious Portland area bands and musicians to gain national distribution and exposure while operating essentially the same as they would independently; it is run almost entirely by the artists on it (with exception to distribution, which is handled through accounts held by Greyday Records). Greydawn exists solely to help Portland artists get a leg up in starting out, and what it becomes is pretty much up to the artists who run it. Bands: Greyday Productions Greyday Productions, sometimes called simply Greyday Records, is an | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,160 | Pishin Valley Pishin Valley The Pishin Valley () is located in Pishin District, Balochistan, Pakistan. It is located 50 km away from the provincial capital - Quetta. In Balochistan, Pakistan in the Pishin District lies a beautiful valley famous as Pishin valley. From Quetta it is about 50 km away. Pishin Valley consists of thousands of fruit orchard. It is basically a fruitful land where numerous crops and fruits are grown. This valley is mostly famous for its greenery and it is also a chief place for the production of crops. In addition to crops it is also a well-known place for | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,161 | Pishin Valley the production of vegetables and food items. In Pakistan this valley is renowned for horticulture and agriculture. Besides from fruit there lies an old-fashioned little market town which is well known for eating joints and other customary foods. There is an artificial spring known as Karez, this man made spring is prepared in order to use the bottomless water for irrigation reason. The Pishin Valley is a hub of celebration and multihued yield programs and additional artistic gala. Folk dances here in the valley are very popular. 1 In spring Pishin Valley gives a picturesque look as most plants are | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,162 | Pishin Valley in boom in this season. It is a must visit place as it is a master piece of this world. In the season of autumn and spring migrant tribesmen pass through across this valley along with their herds of sheep and camels and their various products for sale. This seasonal association put in color and prettiness to the life of Pishin Valley. In Balochistan, Pishin Valley has become one of the most desirable tourists place in recent years. In Pishin Valley Bund Khushdil is located which is a 5 km long and 2 km wide tank and is one of | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,163 | Pishin Valley the magnificent place. This place is completely reliant on snow and rainfall which multiplies its beauty. But somehow nowadays this place has become a spot of duck shooting. Besides being a breathtaking tourist’s place it also provides room to tourists to take part in activities like trick horse riding, horse jumping, trick motor cycle riding and moreover in dare-devil motor car driving. 2 During the harvesting festival in Pishin Valley there is also a dog and hare race which a very significant happening. Moreover, in Pishin Valley there is a fortress and at the time of sunset the fortress looks | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,164 | Pishin Valley fabulous. To cut a long story short I would say this valley is full of life and an awesome place to be visited. Pishin Valley The Pishin Valley () is located in Pishin District, Balochistan, Pakistan. It is located 50 km away from the provincial capital - Quetta. In Balochistan, Pakistan in the Pishin District lies a beautiful valley famous as Pishin valley. From Quetta it is about 50 km away. Pishin Valley consists of thousands of fruit orchard. It is basically a fruitful land where numerous crops and fruits are grown. This valley is mostly famous for its greenery | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,165 | Hot wire barretter Hot wire barretter The hot wire barretter was a demodulating detector, invented in 1902 by Reginald Fessenden, that found limited use in early radio receivers. In effect it was a highly sensitive thermoresistor which could recover amplitude modulated signals, something that the coherer (the standard detector of the time) could not do. The first device used to demodulate audio signals, it was later superseded by the electrolytic detector, also generally attributed to Fessenden. The barretter principle is still used as a detector for microwave radiation, similar to a bolometer. Fessenden's 1902 patent describes the construction of the device. A fine | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,166 | Hot wire barretter platinum wire, about in diameter, is embedded in the middle of a silver tube having a diameter of about . This compound wire is then drawn until the silver wire has a diameter of about ; as the platinum wire within it is reduced in the same ratio, it is drawn down to a final diameter of . The result is called Wollaston wire. The silver cladding is etched off a short piece of the composite wire, leaving an extremely fine platinum wire; this is supported, on two heavier silver wires, in a loop inside a glass bulb. The leads | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,167 | Hot wire barretter are taken out through the glass envelope and the whole device is put under vacuum and then sealed. The hot wire barretter depends upon the increase of a metal's resistivity with increasing temperature. The device is biased by a direct current adjusted to heat the wire to its most sensitive temperature. When there is an oscillating current from the antenna through the extremely fine platinum wire loop, the wire is further heated as the current increases and cools as the current decreases again. As the wire heats and cools, it varies its resistance in response to the signals passing through | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,168 | Hot wire barretter it. Because of the low thermal mass of the wire, it is capable of responding quickly enough to vary its resistance in response to audio signals. However, it cannot vary its resistance fast enough to respond to the much higher radio frequencies. The radio frequencies are essentially removed, and the sound is demodulated because the current through the circuit varies with the changing wire resistance. Headphones are connected in series with the D.C. circuit and the variations in the current are rendered as sound. Hot wire barretter The hot wire barretter was a demodulating detector, invented in 1902 by Reginald | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,169 | 1998–99 WHL season 1998–99 WHL season The 1998–99 WHL season was the 33rd season for the Western Hockey League. Eighteen teams completed a 72-game season. The Calgary Hitmen won the President's Cup. "Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalties in minutes" "Note: GP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties ; GA = Goals against; SO = Total shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average" On January 20, the Western Conference defeated the Eastern Conference 11–9 at Lethbridge, Alberta before a | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,170 | 1998–99 WHL season crowd of 5,071. 1998–99 WHL season The 1998–99 WHL season was the 33rd season for the Western Hockey League. Eighteen teams completed a 72-game season. The Calgary Hitmen won the President's Cup. "Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalties in minutes" "Note: GP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties ; GA = Goals against; SO = Total shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average" On January 20, the Western Conference defeated the Eastern Conference 11–9 at Lethbridge, | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,171 | Black Stump Black Stump The Australian expression 'black stump' is the name for an imaginary point beyond which the country is considered remote or uncivilised, an abstract marker of the limits of established settlement. The origin of the expression, especially in its evolved use as an imaginary marker in the landscape, is contested. The various claims are discussed below. The term "Black stump" was used as land markers on a surveyors plan and was first referred to as a boundary marker in a New South Wales court case involving a land law dispute. See R v West [1831] NSWSupC 66 (12 October | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,172 | Black Stump 1831). The case refers to vacant land at Woolloomooloo where a surveyor had difficulty in ascertaining the boundaries as he could not find a plan from the days of Governor Lachlan Macquarie. In the case it stated, "...and he pointed to some old stumps, which he said had been marked...defendant would not admit that the cross line marked by me on the plan was not part of his boundary...he said it ran to a black stump beyond the line, which he said had been marked...; he said the line was to run somewhere thereabouts; utmost extent claimed by defendant was | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,173 | Black Stump the black stump of which I have spoken...made no claims beyond South Head road..." One theory states that the expression derives from the use of black stumps in the landscape as markers when directing travellers. Other explanations relate to historical events associated with places or geographical features with names incorporating the phrase "black stump". At least three regional Australian towns claim the expression originated in their general vicinity. The term 'black stump' is used in various formulations. The most common are: Another use of the phrase ‘black stump’ in the Australian vernacular, which relates more to the real object than | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,174 | Black Stump an abstract concept of landscape, is the local term for the old State Office Block in Sydney (now demolished). The high-rise building was dark-grey in colour and Sydney residents – “with the local talent for belittling anything that embarrassed them with its pretensions” – dubbed it ‘the Black Stump’. The most prosaic explanation for the origin of ‘black stump’ derives from the general use of fire-blackened tree-stumps as markers when giving directions to travellers unfamiliar with the terrain. An early use of the phrase from the Sydney journal "Bulletin" (31 March 1900, p. 31) seems to lend support to this | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,175 | Black Stump explanation: “A rigmarole of details concerning the turns and hollows, the big tree, the dog-leg fence, and the black stump”. Robbery Under Arms, a fictionalised work by Rolf Boldrewood first published in 1888, refers to the Black Stump as an actual place "within a reasonable distance of Bathurst" and known to everybody for miles around. Boldrewood says it "had been a tremendous old Ironbark tree- nobody knew how old, but it had had its top blown off in a thunderstorm, and the carriers had lighted so many fires against the roots of it that it had been killed at last, | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,176 | Black Stump and the sides were as black as a steamer's funnel." Raffaello Carboni used the phrase 'black-stump' in his account of the Eureka Stockade uprising which he wrote in 1855, probably referring to a well-worn pipe: "Please, give me a dozen puffs at my black-stump, and then I will proceed to the next chapter". There appears to be no obvious link between the use of the phrase by Carboni and the expression being used as an imaginary marker in the landscape. The evolution of meaning of the phrase 'black stump', from the real to an imaginary marker of landscape, probably occurred | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,177 | Black Stump during the nineteenth century. There is a widespread belief that the expression took root amongst carriers or teamsters that operated in the regional districts of Australia. Carriers were an integral part of the rural economy during the nineteenth century; they transported wool and supplies by drays drawn by horse- or bullock-teams, travelling constantly across the landscape servicing stations and settlements distant from regional transport hubs and urban centres. If the use of the expression 'black stump' entered the Australian vernacular in the nineteenth century, it rarely appeared in Australian literature or newspaper reports until the twentieth century. At least three | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,178 | Black Stump towns in regional Australia claim to be home to "the" 'black stump': Coolah, NSW; Merriwagga and Gunbar in NSW; and Blackall in Queensland. The area just north of present-day Coolah was known by local Aborigines as 'Weetalibah-Wallangan', apparently meaning "place where the fire went out and left a burnt stump". In an attempt to control the settlement patterns of the colony of New South Wales Governor Darling issued regulations in 1829 limiting settlement in the colony to land within the Nineteen Counties surrounding Sydney. The regulations defined the "limits of location", and it is claimed this boundary passed "along the | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,179 | Black Stump approximate location of the Black Stump Run" (located just north-west of present-day Coolah). Land to the north of this part of Governor Darling's boundary (it is asserted) began to be described as "beyond the Black Stump". This raises the question: had the Black Stump Run been taken up by 1829 (or at least by the mid-1830s)? Darling’s “limits of location” was a short-lived concept; in 1836 Governor Bourke allowed individuals occupying lands beyond the Nineteen Counties to obtain annual licenses to legitimise their activities and the "limits of location" became officially irrelevant. In a list of persons who obtained licences | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,180 | Black Stump to depasture stock beyond the limits of location in the district of Bligh for the year ending 30 June 1847 appears the entry "Launt Joseph ... The Black Stump". Archival research may produce earlier references. In May 1851 a notice was published by James M’Cubbin of Coolah, warning against trespassing by cattle or persons on his run “THE BLACK STUMP” in the district of Bligh. By 1885, the Black Stump run had been consolidated with the Queensborough run into the Queensborough Pastoral Holding of some 46,000 acres. The name lived on in local usage, and there are currently three place | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,181 | Black Stump names in the vicinity of the original run approved by the Geographical Names Board of New South Wales, i.e. Black Stump Graveyard/Cemetery, Black Stump Creek and Black Stump Resting Place. Apparently a teamster named John Higgins took up land in the vicinity of the Black Stump Run (possibly in the early 1860s when Robertson's Land Bills allowed land selection to occur). Higgins built an inn in the 1860s which he called The Black Stump Inn, located at the junction of roads leading to Gunnedah and Coonabarabran. The inn later became the Black Stump Wine Saloon and was destroyed by fire | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,182 | Black Stump in 1908. It has been suggested that the saloon was an important staging post for traffic to north-west New South Wales and it became a marker by which people gauged their journeys. The village of Merriwagga and nearby community of Gunbar, in the Riverina district of New South Wales, have strong claims to the origin of the expression 'black stump'. Gunbar cemetery is the burial-place of Mrs. Barbara Blain, the woman whose accidental death in March 1886 possibly gave rise to the term. Barbara Blain's husband, James, was a carrier or teamster, based at Hay. In March 1886 James and | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,183 | Black Stump Barbara Blain, in company with other carriers, stopped to camp at a pine ridge on "Gunbar" station. James and the other men left to load posts onto their drays and Barbara began preparations for the evening meal. When they returned, the men found Mrs. Blain had been fatally burnt, probably after her dress had caught alight from the flames of the camp-fire. Barbara Blain was buried at nearby Gunbar cemetery and an inquest into her death was subsequently held. James Blain apparently stated that when he found his wife she "looked like a black stump" (possibly as part of his | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,184 | Black Stump evidence at the inquest). A watering place near where the tragedy occurred – roughly halfway between Gunbar and the village of Merriwagga – became known as Black Stump Tank. The Black Stump Picnic area at Merriwagga has a waggon and memorial stone, with an inscription which explains the details of these events. The town of Blackall, Queensland makes the following claim to the origin of the expression. In 1887 a group of surveyors arrived in Blackall (near the centre of Queensland, over 1,000 kilometres west of Brisbane) and established an Astro Station on this site to conduct survey readings to | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,185 | Black Stump establish a principal meridional circuit traverse around the town. Stumps and other suitable stable platforms were often used rather than a set of legs because they gave more stability to the heavy theodolites then used to take longitudinal and latitudinal observations. This Astro station was used as part of the survey to fix the position of principal towns extending from Brisbane to Boulia via Roma, Charleville and Blackall and enabled the mapping of Queensland on a more accurate basis. It was considered at the time that country to the west of Blackall was beyond the 'black stump'. A stump of | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,186 | Black Stump petrified wood which marks the location of the original Astro Station is found at the monument near Blackall State School. This petrified stump replaces the original blackened timber stump destroyed by fire. 'Beyond the Black Stump' is a syndicated cartoon strip, featuring Australian native animals as characters. It is published in papers across Australia including "The Courier-Mail" in Brisbane, Queensland. See their web site for more information (including some strips and characters). The Black Stump Music and Arts Festival was a four-day Christian festival that is held in the Greater Sydney Metropolitan region over the Labour Day long weekend, often | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,187 | Black Stump the first weekend in October, from 1985 to 2014. In Adelaide, the Grenfell Centre, the city's third tallest building, is nicknamed "the black stump". A restaurant chain has also flourished under the same name, serving popular Australian food, with branches forming as far away as Hong Kong. In England Laithwaite Wines market a durif/shiraz blend from Casella Wines called "Black Stump". Black Stump The Australian expression 'black stump' is the name for an imaginary point beyond which the country is considered remote or uncivilised, an abstract marker of the limits of established settlement. The origin of the expression, especially in | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,188 | Murong Sheng Murong Sheng Murong Sheng (; 373–401), courtesy name Daoyun (道運), formally Emperor Zhaowu of (Later) Yan ((後)燕昭武帝), was an emperor of the Xianbei state Later Yan. He was the oldest son of Murong Bao (Emperor Huimin), and after Murong Bao was killed by Lan Han (Murong Sheng's father-in-law) avenged his father in a coup and took the throne. For a large part of his reign, he used the title "Commoner Heavenly Prince" (庶人天王, "Shu Ren Tian Wang") instead of emperor. Murong Sheng was described as a talented strategist and general, but he overreacted to what he perceived to be his | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,189 | Murong Sheng father's weaknesses—being overly lenient and weak—and was harsh in his reign, causing his officials to be constantly insecure and looking to rebel against him. In one of those rebellions in 401, he was stricken by a rebel soldier and died from his injuries. He was succeeded by his uncle Murong Xi (Emperor Zhaowen). Murong Sheng was born in 373, to Murong Bao and his concubine Lady Ding, and was likely born in or near the Former Qin capital Chang'an, since Murong Bao was then a low-level official there. The first historical reference to him was around the new year 385, | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,190 | Murong Sheng when the Former Qin emperor Fu Jiān, in response to an attempted rebellion by the former Former Yan emperor Murong Wei, ordered all Xianbei in Chang'an executed. (Murong Sheng's grandfather Murong Chui (Emperor Wucheng) had already rebelled late 383 and established Later Yan in 384.) Murong Sheng's uncle Murong Rou (慕容柔) was not executed, since he had been previously adopted by the eunuch Song Ya (宋牙), and Murong Rou presumably put Murong Sheng and his brother Murong Hui under his protection, for soon thereafter Murong Rou, Murong Sheng, and Murong Hui fled out of Chang'an and sought refuge with another | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,191 | Murong Sheng former Forman Yan prince, Murong Chong, a cousin of Murong Sheng's, who had also led a rebellion against Former Qin near Chang'an. In spring 385, upon hearing news that Murong Wei had been killed, Murong Chong declared himself emperor (with his state later known as Western Yan). Murong Sheng was, however, not impressed with Murong Chong, and he secretly told Murong Rou that he believed that Murong Chong will amount to nothing. His judgment was correct, for although Murong Chong captured Chang'an in summer 385, he did not govern his people well, and his Xianbei people became resentful that he | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,192 | Murong Sheng stayed in Chang'an (both because he liked the city and because he feared Murong Chui) rather than seeking to head back east to their homeland. In spring 386, the general Han Yan (韓延) assassinated Murong Chong. Western Yan forces than abandoned Chang'an and headed east, toward home—a journey during which they went through a succession of five more leaders (Duan Sui, Murong Yi, Murong Yao, Murong Zhong, and Murong Yong) within a span of a few months, with the regime stabilizing under Murong Yong, who settled down at the capital of Zhangzi (長子, in modern Changzhi, Shanxi). Murong Sheng, along | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,193 | Murong Sheng with his uncle Murong Rou and brother Murong Hui, settled in as well. Several months later, however, in winter 386, Murong Sheng warned Murong Rou and Murong Hui that, because of their status as Murong Chui's family, they were being suspected by Murong Yong (a distant cousin). At his urging, the three of them fled back to Later Yan. (His observations turned out to be astute, as a year later, Murong Yong had all descendants of Murong Chui and the Former Yan emperor Murong Jun (Murong Chui's older brother) remaining in his state slaughtered.) It took several months for them | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,194 | Murong Sheng to reach the Later Yan capital Zhongshan (中山, in modern Baoding, Hebei). Murong Chui was very pleased at their arrival and declared a general pardon to celebrate. When Murong Chui asked Murong Sheng how things were in Zhangzi, Murong Sheng, at age 14, told him that Western Yan was in a state of disturbance and that Murong Chui, as long as he was able to rule his state will, that when he got ready to attack Western Yan, Murong Yong's soldiers would desert him. Murong Chui created him the Duke of Changle. In 389, at the age of 16, Murong | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,195 | Murong Sheng Sheng was put in charge by Murong Chui of the old Former Yan capital Jicheng (modern Beijing). In 391, he was given the title of viceroy. He remained there until around the new year 396, when, in light of his father Murong Bao's defeat by Northern Wei's prince Tuoba Gui at the Battle of Canhe Slope, Murong Chui recalled Murong Sheng and his uncle Murong Long (the viceroy at another old Former Yan capital, Longcheng (龍城, in modern Jinzhou, Liaoning) back to Zhongshan with their troops, to prepare for another attack on Northern Wei. In spring 396, Murong Chui's campaign | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,196 | Murong Sheng against Northern Wei was initially successful, but he then got ill and was forced to withdraw back to Zhongshan, and he died on the way. Murong Bao succeeded him. Murong Bao then faced a succession issue. Murong Hui, now the Duke of Qinghe, was most favored by Murong Chui and considered the most capable, and when Murong Chui waged his last campaign, he put Murong Hui in charge of Longcheng. As Murong Chui was on his deathbed, he further told Murong Bao to make Murong Hui his crown prince, but Murong Bao favored his young son Murong Ce (慕容策) the | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,197 | Murong Sheng Duke of Puyang, and did not favor Murong Hui. Murong Sheng, who was slightly older than Murong Hui, also did not want Murong Hui to be crown prince, and so also encouraged Murong Bao to create Murong Ce crown prince. Murong Bao did so in fall 396, and created Murong Hui and Murong Sheng princes (in Murong Sheng's case, the Prince of Changle). Murong Hui was displeased and secretly considered rebellion. Later in 396, Northern Wei launched a major attack on Later Yan, quickly taking Bing Province (并州, modern central and northern Shanxi) and then descending on Zhongshan, putting it | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,198 | Murong Sheng under siege. In spring 397, after being unable to force Northern Wei to lift its siege and after Murong Bao's brother Murong Lin the Prince of Zhao rebelled, Murong Bao decided to abandon Zhongshan and flee to Longcheng. Murong Sheng followed his father in joining his brother Murong Hui's army, which had advanced south from Longcheng. Later that year, after Murong Hui killed Murong Long and severely wounded another uncle, Murong Nong, in an attempted coup to force Murong Bao to create him crown prince, Murong Hui was defeated and killed. Meanwhile, Murong Sheng became one of the major generals. | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,199 | Murong Sheng In 398, against Murong Sheng's and Murong Nong's advice, Murong Bao insisted on launching another campaign to try to regain territory lost to Northern Wei, putting Murong Sheng in charge of Longcheng as he departed. The tired troops mutinied on the way, forcing him to return to Longcheng to defend it with Murong Sheng, but when Murong Nong then inexplicably surrendered to the rebels, Longcheng fell, and Murong Bao and Murong Sheng were forced to flee to Jicheng. Murong Sheng's father-in-law Lan Han then took control of Longcheng and offered to welcome Murong Bao back. Murong Sheng, not trusting his | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,200 | Murong Sheng father-in-law, advised his father to secretly advance south to try to join forces with his granduncle Murong De, who had been still defending Yecheng, not realizing that by that point Murong De had abandoned Yecheng and regrouped at Huatai (滑台, in modern Anyang, Henan) and declared his own independent state of Southern Yan. As Murong Bao and Murong Sheng arrived in vicinity of Huatai, however, they realized this and fled back north again. On the way, Murong Sheng tried to garner support from the people now under Northern Wei rule to coalesce around Murong Bao to start a new resistance, | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,201 | Murong Sheng but Murong Bao, now believing in Lan Han's loyalty, was resolved to return to Longcheng despite Murong Sheng's misgivings. Murong Sheng, after being unable to change his father's mind, left his father and hid himself. His worries about Lan Han turned out to be correct, for as Murong Bao arrived in Longcheng's vicinity, Lan Han had his brother Lan Jia'nan (蘭加難) intercept Murong Bao and kill him. Lan Han then killed Murong Sheng's brother Murong Ce, along with most members of the Murong imperial house, and declared himself the Prince of Changli, apparently having successfully taken over the remaining territories | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,202 | Murong Sheng of Later Yan. Upon hearing his father's death and Lan Han's coup, Murong Sheng resolved to immediately head to Longcheng to mourn his father, believing that Lan Han would have pity on him, after having killed his father, and would spare him based on his having married Lan Han's daughter. His judgment was correct, and with his wife Princess Lan's, and her mother Lady Yi's intercession, Murong Sheng was spared, despite repeated requests by Lan Han's brothers Lan Ti (蘭堤) and Lan Jia'nan to have Murong Sheng killed. Lan Han also spared Murong Qi (慕容奇) the Prince of Taiyuan, whose | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,203 | Murong Sheng mother was also a daughter of Lan Han. Murong Sheng and Murong Qi then conspired for Murong Qi to flee out of the city and start an uprising. Murong Sheng, meanwhile, suggested to Lan Han that Lan Ti, not himself, was behind Murong Qi's rebellion. Further, at this time, because of a severe drought, Lan Han went to pray to the Later Yan ancestral temples and Murong Bao's spirit, blaming Murong Bao's murder on Lan Jia'nan. Upon hearing these things, Lan Ti and Lan Jia'nan became angry and started a rebellion of their own. Lan Han's crown prince Lan Mu, | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,204 | Murong Sheng meanwhile, suggested that Murong Sheng be killed, and Lan Han initially agreed, but Murong Sheng, upon hearing the news through Princess Lan, declined to attend an imperial meeting that Lan Han called, and Lan Han soon changed his mind. Soon thereafter, after Lan Mu had won a victory over Lan Ti and Lan Jia'nan, Lan Han held a feast for the soldiers, at which both he and Lan Mu became extremely drunk. Murong Sheng used this opportunity to join some army officers whom he had persuaded to join his cause, and they killed Lan Han and Lan Mu, and then | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,205 | Murong Sheng Lan Ti, Lan Jia'nan, and Lan Han's other sons Lan He (蘭和) the Duke of Lu and Lan Yang (蘭揚) the Duke of Chen. Murong Sheng then declared Later Yan's restoration and took the throne, but in order to show humility, did so with his present title of Prince of Changle, rather than claiming imperial title immediately. Initially, the people were glad that Murong Sheng was victorious, believing that he would be a capable ruler. That Murong Sheng's reign would be a harsh one, however, was immediately hinted at as he considered executing his wife Princess Lan as being of | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,206 | Murong Sheng the traitor Lan Han's family. His mother Consort Ding opposed—citing the fact that Princess Lan had protected both Murong Sheng and her—and Princess Lan was spared, but was never able to become empress. (However, Murong Sheng would also never create another person as empress during his reign.) In winter 398, he formally accepted imperial title, and he honored his father's wife Empress Duan as the empress dowager, while honoring his mother with the title Empress Xianzhuang (獻莊皇后). Murong Sheng's reign, indeed, was one in which he showed strong personal abilities, and yet at the same time alienated the officials and | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,207 | Murong Sheng the people with his harshness. As a result, many officials were executed based on actual or suspected treasonous plots. These included: However, Murong Sheng was also praised by historians for his attention to ordinary criminal cases, and that he was able to institute a system where he personally heard criminal appeals and was able to discern the truth without resorting to torture (a common interrogation device in Chinese history). Through the next few years, there would be battles with Northern Wei, with neither side being able to decisively gain an advantage. Around new year 400, Murong Sheng created his son | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,208 | Murong Sheng Murong Ding (慕容定) the Duke of Liaoxi. Soon thereafter, Empress Dowager Duan died, and he honored his mother as empress dowager instead and, at the same time, created Murong Ding crown prince. He also soon, to show humility, stopped using the title emperor, instead referring to himself as "Commoner Heavenly Prince." In fall 401, the generals Murong Guo (慕容國), Qin Yu (秦輿), and Duan Zan (段讚) secretly plotted a coup, but their plot was revealed, and more than 500 people were executed. Five days later, the general Duan Ji (段璣), along with Qin Yu's son Qin Xing (秦興) and Duan | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,209 | Murong Sheng Zan's son Duan Tai (段泰) attacked the palace. Murong Sheng personally led the palace guards to fight with the rebels and was initially successful. However, just as things appeared to be settling down, a rebel soldier appeared from his hiding place and stabbed Murong Sheng. Murong Sheng, despite the injury, ordered the guards to clear the palace and go on the correct alert posts, before dying. After his death, his mother Empress Dowager Ding, who had carried on an affair with his uncle Murong Xi, would bypass Crown Prince Ding and make Murong Xi emperor to succeed him. Murong Sheng | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,210 | Norwegian-American Historical Association Norwegian-American Historical Association Norwegian-American Historical Association publishes scholarly books, documenting research and interpretations of the American experience of immigrants from Norway. On 4th day of February, 1926, the Norwegian-American Historical Association was incorporated by Knut Gjerset, Birger Osland, and O. E. Rolvaag. The organization was founded at St. Olaf College, in Northfield, Minnesota. Although the association is still located on the campus of St. Olaf, both institutions are independent entities. Theodore C. Blegen served as managing editor for publications from 1925 until his retirement in 1960. His devotion to high standards of historical scholarship enabled the Norwegian-American Historical Association to | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,211 | Norwegian-American Historical Association achieve a reputation as a learned society. Later editors have included Kenneth O. Bjork from 1960 until 1980 and Odd S. Lovoll from 1980 until 2001. Ole E. Rolvaag, the author of "Giants in the Earth", became the association's first secretary and archivist. Rolvaag initiated the collection of archives including letters, papers, books, periodicals, photographs, diaries and newspapers related to Norwegian-American life. The association promotes Norwegian-American historical research and literary work; and helps maintain and develop archives of Norwegian-American historical material. Its Norwegian-American Studies publications are available online. The association has enjoyed success and gained the recognition and respect of | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,212 | Norwegian-American Historical Association an international scholarly community. In fulfillment of its purpose, the association has published nearly one hundred books of scholarly merit; promoted Norwegian-American historical research and literary work and preserved of materials of historical significance. Norwegian-American Historical Association Norwegian-American Historical Association publishes scholarly books, documenting research and interpretations of the American experience of immigrants from Norway. On 4th day of February, 1926, the Norwegian-American Historical Association was incorporated by Knut Gjerset, Birger Osland, and O. E. Rolvaag. The organization was founded at St. Olaf College, in Northfield, Minnesota. Although the association is still located on the campus of St. Olaf, both | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,213 | Sinbad the Sailor (1947 film) Sinbad the Sailor (1947 film) Sinbad the Sailor is a 1947 American Technicolor fantasy film directed by Richard Wallace and starring Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., Maureen O'Hara, Walter Slezak, and Anthony Quinn. It tells the tale of the "eighth" voyage of Sinbad, wherein he discovers the lost treasure of Alexander the Great. The story begins with Sinbad (Douglas Fairbanks, Jr.) regaling a group of travelers around a night-time campfire. When his listeners become bored with his often repeated tales, Sinbad tells them about his "eighth" voyage. With his friend, Abbu (George Tobias), Sinbad salvages a ship whose crew has been poisoned. | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,214 | Sinbad the Sailor (1947 film) On board, he finds a map to the lost treasure of Alexander the Great on the fabled island of Deryabar. However, when he sails to Basra, the ship is confiscated by the local Khan, to be sold at auction. Sinbad obtains an agreement that he may keep the ship if there are no bids. He scares away all the bidders with not-so-subtle comments about the ship being cursed. At the last moment, one bidder appears, a veiled woman borne by four servants. She is Shireen (O'Hara), part of the harem of the powerful Emir of Daibul (Anthony Quinn). Sinbad bids | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,215 | Sinbad the Sailor (1947 film) against her and ends up owing a huge sum he cannot pay. He steals the auctioneer's own money to pay for the ship. Visiting Shireen that night in her garden, Sinbad learns of a mysterious and deadly person known as Jamal, who will stop at nothing to acquire the treasure. Jamal, only vaguely seen behind a curtain, makes an attempt on Sinbad's life. Sinbad escapes and steals the ship, acquiring a rough crew to man it. Strange stories of the evil Jamel circulate among the crew, but no one alive has ever seen him. After several days, Sinbad sails to | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,216 | Sinbad the Sailor (1947 film) another port and goes, risking death, to visit Shireen in the harem. He is captured, but because the Emir believes him to be the Prince of Deryabar, he becomes his "guest". With his smooth words and some trickery, Sinbad once again escapes, taking Shireen with him. They set sail for Daryabar, but are overtaken and captured by the Emir. It is then revealed that Sinbad's ship's barber, Abdul Melik (Walter Slezak) is none other than Jamal, who has memorized (and then destroyed) the map to Deryabar. Forming an uneasy alliance of convenience, they sail to the treasure island. They convince | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,217 | Sinbad the Sailor (1947 film) the lone resident of the ruins of Alexander's palace, the aged Aga (Alan Napier), that Sinbad is his lost son, owing to a medallion Sinbad had since childhood. When the Emir threatens to kill Sinbad, Sinbad confesses his true identity. Nevertheless, Aga capitulates and shows them the fabulous treasure's hiding place. He later informs Sinbad that he had given his son to sailors to shield him from treasure hunters; Sinbad is indeed his son and the true Prince of Daryabar. When it is discovered that Jamal had intended to poison the Emir and his crew to have the treasure to | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,218 | Sinbad the Sailor (1947 film) himself, the Emir forces him to drink the deadly liquid himself. Sinbad escapes again, boards the Emir's ship and frees his crew. The Emir is killed by Greek fire catapulted at him from his own ship. The disbelieving listeners around the campfire accuse Sinbad of telling yet another tall tale, but soon change their minds when he distributes precious jewels and gold. The beautiful Shireen appears and they board the ship for their return to Deryabar as Sinbad relates the moral of the tale, that true happiness is found in things other than material wealth. The planning of the film | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,219 | Sinbad the Sailor (1947 film) started already in 1944, when The Hollywood Reporter announced that the picture was to be produced by William Pereira, under the supervision of Jack Gross. RKO borrowed George Tobias from Warner Bros. for the production. This was Douglas Fairbanks, Jr.'s first role after his five years in the Navy and he performed his own stunts in the production. He also convinced the studio to engage a number of support actors and stuntmen that had worked with his silent movie star father, Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. RKO had originally planned to release the film for the 1946 Christmas season, but a strike | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,220 | Sinbad the Sailor (1947 film) at the Technicolor processing plant delayed the making of the color prints. The wide-release date was consequently moved to January 13, 1947, and RKO instead chose Frank Capra's black-and-white "It's a Wonderful Life" as their big 1946 Christmas movie. The film cost $2,459,000 to make and earned a modest profit at the box office. Douglas Fairbanks Jr. later said "Errol Flynn told me I'd made a big mistake because nobody was interested in swashbuckling and I had to agree. Receipts were thin." Sinbad the Sailor (1947 film) Sinbad the Sailor is a 1947 American Technicolor fantasy film directed by Richard | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,221 | Kazimierza Wielka Kazimierza Wielka Kazimierza Wielka ( ) is a town in Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, about northeast of Kraków. It is the administrative seat of Kazimierza County ("powiat kazimierski"). With a population of 5,848 (2005), it is the smallest county seat in Poland. Kazimierza Wielka is located in Lesser Poland Upland and historically belongs to the province of Lesser Poland. For most of its history, it was a village, and did not receive its town charter until 1959. The first mention of the village dates from 1320 during the reign of Wladyslaw Lokietek. At that time, its name was spelled Cazimiria | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,222 | Kazimierza Wielka and it belonged to the Kazimierski family. In the Kingdom of Poland, Kazimierza Wielka was located on the border of two Lesser Poland voivodeships - Sandomierz Voivodeship and Krakow Voivodeship. The village itself belonged to Proszowice County of Kraków Voivodeship, while neighboring Kazimierza Mala belonged to Wislica County of Sandomierz Voivodeship. In the 1560s, Kazimierza Wielka was one of centers of the Polish Brethren. At the end of the 18th century the estate was the property of the magnate Łubieński family. They established there one of the first sugar refineries in Poland in 1845. After the Partitions of Poland the | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,223 | Kazimierza Wielka village belonged to Austria and in 1815 it became part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland. In 1919, Kazimierza Wielka returned to Poland, within Kielce Voivodeship. On September 5, 1939, a skirmish between the advancing Wehrmacht and Polish 55th Infantry Division took place in the village in which 60 Polish soldiers died. In 1956 Kazimierza Wielka County was created, and three years later, the village received its town rights. Its most important historic building is a local parish church (1633). Kazimierza Wielka Kazimierza Wielka ( ) is a town in Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, about northeast of Kraków. It is the administrative | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,224 | Thirunadhikkara Cave Temple Thirunadhikkara Cave Temple Thirunandikkara Cave Temple is a rock-cut cave temple of Pallava art dated to the seventh and eighth century AD. It is part of Thirunandikkara temple, which is near Thiruvattar in Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu state of South India. Up to the recent past before 1956, the region around the temple was part of Kerala but is now under the jurisdiction of Tamil Nadu. It was originally established by Jains in 7th century CE and later turned into Hindu shrine. The hall of the cave is conjectured to have had richly decorated paintings. However, at present only | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,225 | Thirunadhikkara Cave Temple faded outlines remain over the passage of years. Dating of faded outlines of former frescoes from 9th–10th century. Some of the earliest murals are in the Kerala style. The frescoes show scenes from the epic stories Ramayana and Mahabharatha. The frescoes or murals in this cave are reported to be the oldest antiquaries of Kerala style of murals. Natural pigments and vegetable colours were used in the earlier traditional style of mural art form which is the Fresco-secco style unlike the Buon Fresco technique. This art is being revived by a new generation of artists who are involved in researching | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,226 | Thirunadhikkara Cave Temple and teaching mural art at the Sree Sankara Sanskrit College in Kalady and also at a Mural art school supported by the Guruvayoor Temple. Thirunadhikkara Cave Temple Thirunandikkara Cave Temple is a rock-cut cave temple of Pallava art dated to the seventh and eighth century AD. It is part of Thirunandikkara temple, which is near Thiruvattar in Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu state of South India. Up to the recent past before 1956, the region around the temple was part of Kerala but is now under the jurisdiction of Tamil Nadu. It was originally established by Jains in 7th century | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,227 | Nkhata Bay Nkhata Bay Nkhata Bay or just Nkhata is the capital of the Nkhata Bay District in Malawi. It is on the shore of Lake Malawi (formerly Lake Nyasa), east of Mzuzu, and is one of the main ports on Lake Malawi. The population of Nkhata Bay is estimated to be 14,722 as of 2008. Nkhata Bay is from Lilongwe, Malawi's capital city, and from Blantyre, Malawi's largest city. Nkhata Bay is the second "busiest resort" on Lake Malawi. The ancestors of Nkhata Bay residents were the Tonga (Lakeside Tonga). In the 19th century the area suffered frequent attacks from the | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,228 | Nkhata Bay Ngoni people, who fled north to escape the rule of the Zulu king Shaka, in South Africa. Chichewa is the preferred language in hospitals, churches, radio and newspapers in Nkhata Bay, although Chitumbuka is the main language spoken in the Northern Region. Tonga is the main language spoken in Nkhata Bay's schools; Tonga is used approximately 92% of the time. Nkhata Bay is dependent on fish. Farming, especially cassava, is the main occupation in the area. Rubber plantations also exist at Nkhata Bay. In May 2008, the Lweya irrigation scheme in Nkhata Bay was "rehabilitated". Income from tourism is a | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,229 | Nkhata Bay major source of income to the Nkhata Bay community. In April 2002, over of "corn, rice, nuts and cassava" were washed away at Nkhata Bay after heavy rain, causing a worsening of food shortages. In March 2006, Nkhata Bay received over 300 bags of maize from the Feed the Nation Fund, because the area was suffering from food shortages. There were heavy rains in April 2006, causing further damage to Nkhata Bay. Malawi's former minister of agriculture, Uladi Mussa Monday, stated in May 2008 that due to heavy rain and flooding, crops in Nkhata Bay had washed away; he said | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,230 | Nkhata Bay this would cause an "acute food shortage". Nkhata Bay is a port visited by the MV Ilala steamship, a boat which travels up Lake Malawi from Monkey Bay in southern Malawi, to Chilumba in the north, via Likoma Island and Chizumulu. In July 2006, plans were announced to "rehabilitate" Nkhata Bay port, and to re-establish a ferry service between Nkhata Bay and Mbamba Bay in Tanzania. This route is currently serviced by motorised dhow. There are regular minibuses that travel from Nkhata Bay to Mzuzu, Chintheche, Nkhotakota and Salima. Express buses to Blantyre, Mzuzu and Karonga depart from the police | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,231 | Nkhata Bay road block, 3 km from the town. In June 2008, it was announced that the African Development Bank (ADB) would fund the reconstruction of the road from Nkhata Bay to Mzuzu. As of 20 June 2008, it is expected that the ADB will partly fund the reconstruction. Nkhata Bay's local football team are the Nkhata Bay Police; the team were renamed to Eagle Strikers and now play in Mzuzu. The team play in the TNM Super League. There is a ladies' football team in Nkhata Bay, and are called the Nkhata Bay United Sisters of Malawi. The club was founded | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,232 | Nkhata Bay in 2003. Netball is also played in Nkhata Bay. In June 2008, the champions of Nkhata Bay were Kawalazi, and received a prize of 30,000 Malawian Kwacha. Each summer there is a multi-day yacht race which starts at Cape Maclear in the south, and ends at Nkhata Bay. The Member of the Malawian Parliament for Nkhata Bay North is Ephraim Mganda Chiume. The MP for Nkhata Bay Central is Symon Vuwa Kaunda. The MP for Nkhata Bay South West is Silvester Kasambara, a member of the opposition. Kasambara caused a storm in Parliament in June 2008 when he pledged 10,000 | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,233 | Nkhata Bay Malawian kwacha to the Malawi national football team, after their 1–0 victory against Egypt, the African champions, in a FIFA World Cup 2010 qualifier. There are bars, restaurants, two grocery stores, a bus station, tailor shops, a taxi rank and a market in Nkhata Bay. There are four banks, NBS, FNB, Malawi Savings and Opportunity Bank, as of early 2013 the automated teller machine will allow withdrawals using most foreign credit or debit cards in the two banks on the top of the hill, NBS and FNB. There is internet access in a few internet cafes, Nkhata Bay Communications Center, | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,234 | Nkhata Bay Jessie's and others. And free access to internet at Butterfly lodge in South Bay. There are public telephones. The District offices are in town and there is a Post Office. You can pay your ESCOM bill in town, and Water Board bill at the top of the hill. Nkhata Bay has a police station. Robberies of tourists have occurred at Nkhata Bay, but are rare. There is a hospital in Nkhata Bay, and in October 2006 it received a donation from the National Bank of Malawi. "AllAfrica" have reported that parts of the Nkhata Bay area are not receiving appropriate | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,235 | Nkhata Bay AIDS treatment. Nkhata Bay is described by Lonely Planet as "Caribbeanesque" and a "lush tropical indent". There are several guesthouses and lodges for tourists in Nkhata Bay. In February 2005, the Malawian government announced plans to build ecolodges as a way of increasing ecotourism in the Nkhata Bay area. The diving school in Nkhata Bay offers the "cheapest diving course in the world" according to "The Daily Telegraph". Nkhata Bay tourism has a long history. It has been part of the overland backpackers route between east Africa and cape town but the number of backpackers have dropped considerably in recent | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,236 | Nkhata Bay years. Political issues in Zimbabwe has revised the overland backpacking route so that many people now go through Zambia or the Mozambique coast. The Heart Hotel was a local owned establishment in the local village where very low budget backpackers could get a room and breakfast for well under one US dollar. Nkhata Bay became a place where people could rest on a long trip and spend very little money. With the opening of Njajay Lodge the scene changed a little. The town along with backpackers culture shifted to catering to a traveller with more money to spend. While the | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,237 | Nkhata Bay village now has many places to stay the problem has become attracting people who now often travel though other countries or more easier accessed beaches in Malawi. Another shift that has reduced the amount of foreign visitors to Nkhata Bay is the increasing number of people travelling Africa by overland truck rather than independent backpackers travel. Overland trucks to do not come to Nkhata Bay but instead choose the beaches on Chinteche to the south. As a result, many of the local artists have moved their craft stalls to the Nkhata Bay/Chinteche road junction. This along with huge increases in | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
2,155,238 | Nkhata Bay international parcel rates from Malawi have made it increasing difficult for the talented local artist to make a living. Many artists now set up stalls directly outside of overland truck camps around Malawi understanding that backpackers can no longer afford to send famous Malawi chief chairs and masks home. In March 2000, 73-year-old man from Nkhata and a 22-year-old woman married, in what "BBC News" reported as "Malawi's surprise wedding of the year" In December 2002, a businessman, Mac Bosco Chawinga, was dragged in to Lake Malawi at Nkhata Bay by a crocodile; Chawinga managed to escape by biting the | wiki_dpr | 2 | 8 |
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