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[ "When a person has a Learning Disability, what he or she should be able to do is different from what he or she is actually able to do.\nOur programs are based on the philosophy that the greatest personal learning and growth occurs when children are provided with safe, nurturing environments that recognize and celebrate their strengths, while addressing their differences. Through meaningful connection with each child, our facilitators work to understand what each child requires to feel safe and respected.\nA Learning Disability may mean difficulty with one or more of the following:• reading • writing • mathematics• self-control • attention • organizational skills• coordination • Memory • following instructions\nWe acknowledge the financial support of the Province of British Columbia." ]

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[ "Look, no engine! Wind-powered glider set to explore edge of space (PHOTOS, VIDEO)\nEngine-powered planes have never reached a height of 90,000 feet – the closest was the US SR-71 Blackbird spy plane which flew to a height of 85,069 feet.\nThe Perlan 2 glider is different to any other venture into the stratosphere, however, as it doesn’t have an engine and instead is wind powered, relying on a combination of rising hot air and wind currents from mountain peaks for lift.\nA tow-plane provides Perlan 2 with help in getting airborne, before the huge glider is left to surf the airwaves towards space.\nA venture started by the late US adventurer Steve Fossett, the 84-foot wingspan glider appears to be more than just a flight of fancy with engineers hoping it can be used for future atmospheric research.\nThe Perlan team, made up of former US Air Force pilots, meteorologists, and co-founder Einar Enevoldson, believe there is also potential to develop the glider for flight on low air density alien planets.\nThe aircraft has a maximum speed of 168mph, and it is fitted with oxygen tanks and a “ballistic chute” should the two pilots suddenly need to eject.\nSo far, the multimillion dollar aircraft has made only one pressurized flight, according to financial backer Airbus. The latest testing was hampered by “adverse weather conditions” last weekend.\nEurope’s Airbus - makers of commercial airliners, military drones and bombers - has poured at least $4million into the glider’s design, report Phys.org.\nThe glider looks set to be deployed in Argentina later this year, where Airbus say mountain airwaves are expected to propel the flight into the stratosphere.\nDespite the weather-related test setback on Sunday, Airbus CEO Tom Enders insists the aircraft “will fly in a region of our atmosphere where no other aircraft has operated for sustained periods, and in doing so it will change our fundamental understanding of how the atmosphere works.”\nWhile the mission sounds like an impossible feat, the aircraft’s predecessor, the Perlan I, managed to break flight records in 2006 by soaring to an altitude of 50,722 feet.\nThe Perlan Mission II team believe they will need the extremely strong winds of the Polar Vortex to lift them to their goal.\n“With more wing area than a conventional sailplane, it would stay aloft, but never compete with such craft at lower altitudes. But in the thin air at 90, 000 feet, with 98 percent of the earth’s atmosphere beneath it, it will be unrivalled,” Perlan’s creators say." ]

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[ "Possessive Pronouns for Class 5 English\nPossessive pronouns are used to express possession. Simultaneously they avert repetition in a sentence. In this\nchapter students will know possessive pronoun definition and common mistakes that could happen while using them.\nIn this learning concept students will learn:\n- Types of possessive pronouns with definition and examples.\n- Usage of these words in sentences.\nAll the learning concepts covered for Class 5 have illustrations, mind maps, and examples. After going through this concept, students can check their understanding by solving the two printable PDF possessive pronouns worksheet. The solutions to these possessive pronouns exercises are also available in PDF format.\nPossessive Pronoun Definition:\n- A pronoun that indicates ownership or possession of someone or something is called a possessive pronoun.\n- Possessive pronouns can replace a noun or noun phrase or possessive adjective and it also prevents repetition of the nouns in the sentence.\n- A possessive pronoun isn’t followed by a noun. It stands alone in a sentence.\n- The words yours, mine, his, hers, ours, theirs are possessive pronouns.\n- In the first sentence, we used the noun ‘cup’ three times. In the second sentence, we replaced the noun ‘cup’ and pronoun ‘my’ & ‘your’ with the possessive pronoun ‘mine’ and ‘yours’ to avoid repetition.\n- ‘Mine’ and ‘yours’ are not followed by a noun. They are standing alone in a sentence.\nTypes of Possessive Pronouns\nThe usage of possessive pronouns is better understood when we look at the types of possessive pronouns. It can be divided into two types: Singular possessive pronouns and plural possessive pronouns.\na) Singular Possessive Pronouns:\nWhen a possessive pronoun refers to only one person or thing, it is called a singular possessive pronoun. The list of singular possessive pronouns is –\nIn both sentences, we replaced the nouns ‘house’ and ‘umbrella’ with the singular possessive pronoun ‘yours’ and ‘hers’ to refer to one person.\nb) Plural Possessive Pronouns:\nWhen a possessive pronoun refers to more than one person or thing, it is called a plural possessive pronoun. The list of plural possessive pronouns is –\nInstead of mentioning the nouns ‘class’ and ‘team’ repetitively, we used plural possessive pronouns ‘ours’ and ‘theirs’ to refer to more than one person.\nEvery personal pronoun has a possessive pronoun corresponding to it.\n|Singular Pronouns||Singular possessive pronouns|\n|Plural Pronouns||Plural possessive pronouns|\n1. Don’t make mistakes between possessive pronoun and possessive adjective.\n- A possessive pronoun is not followed by a noun.\n- A possessive adjective comes before a noun.\nExamples: The book is mine.\nExamples: This is my book.\n2. We can’t change the form of a possessive pronoun into plural. It doesn’t matter whether a possessive pronoun refers to one or more than one object. The form remains the same.\nThis crayon is mine.\nThese crayons are my." ]

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[ "What Is Truth? (01:48)\nRana Mitter introduces debate panelists Hilary Lawson, Dr. Hannah Dawson, and Professor John Searle. The topics debate center around defining truth, analyzing the nature of truth, and reinventing truth.\nThe Pitch: Hilary Lawson (05:26)\nLudwig Wittgenstein and Jacques Derrida believed it is not possible to directly describe reality in a direct manner through language. Lawson argues that there are constraints on closure. Instead of focusing on truth, philosophers should obtain wisdom by modifying narratives.\nThe Pitch: John Searle (04:25)\nA distinction needs to be made between objective and subjective realism. Searle argues that epistemic sense is about claims made using feelings and attitudes and refutes Lawson's claims about perspectivalism. Mountains, atoms, and tectonic plates have an existence regardless of human being's opinions.\nThe Pitch: Hannah Dawson (05:17)\nThe idea that a word might represent an object is objectivity. Historians argue that history is a representation of the past. Dawson argues that a representation cannot commensurate with reality; facts are assertions.\nTheme One: What Is Truth? (08:35)\nLawson refutes Searle's claims about obscuring the division between ontological and epistemic truth and provides the example of the Holocaust. All theories are perspectival and exist within a system. Epistemic objectivity is impossible.\nTheme Two: Competing Truths (06:22)\nLawson explains the different criteria necessary for creating constraints or closures and does not advocate that there is a metaphysical reality. Searles argues perspectivalism is trivially correct. Dawson attempts to persuade Lawson to become a realist.\nTheme Two: Beyond Truth (11:23)\nRealism encourages individuals to think there are simple answers when there are multiple truths. Lawson argues that closures have become embedded. Realism addresses that there are items in the world that are epistemically objectively true or false.\nCredits: After the End of Truth (00:22)\nCredits: After the End of Truth\nFor additional digital leasing and purchase options contact a media consultant at 800-257-5126\n(press option 3) or [email protected]." ]

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[ "Brazil's Cow Clones 'a la Natural'\nBy Mario Osava\nTierramérica visited the home of the two cows cloned in Brazil. So far, Vitoria and Lenda are healthy. The lessons learned from their cloning could contribute to the use of embryos in human regenerative therapy, say scientists.\nBRASILIA, (Tierramérica).- Many people are disappointed when they meet Vitoria and Lenda, the first cows cloned in Brazil. \"They're just like any others,\" tends to be the reaction when one first sees the two at the experimental farm of Sucupira, 30 km from Brasilia.\nVitoria, 32 months old, and the calf Lenda, born Sep. 4, were the stars of \"field days\" held Oct. 29-30 by the Genetics Resources and Biotechnology Institute (Cenargen) of the governmental Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), to show off its livestock research to students, journalists, farmers and ranchers.\nCovering 1,393 hectares, the Sucupira farm is where Cenargen, one of Embrapa's 40 research institutes, conducts studies involving cattle, goats, pigs and horses.\nThe two cloned cows graze in pastures like the others. They do not receive any special treatment but are under close observation, Arlindo Ferreira Oliveira, who is in charge of their care, told Tierramérica.\nThis life in the open countryside provides more useful information than if they were confined in barn stall, says Rodolfo Rumpf, head of the experiment as animal reproduction coordinator at Cenargen.\nLenda, white with large black spots, is still just a baby. But on Oct. 29, just 55 days old, she tipped the scales at 110 kg. She weighed 45 kg at birth, Sucupira veterinarian Mauricio Machaim Franco told Tierramérica.\nThe \"adoptive\" mother, whose womb was used for gestation, is \"very protective\". The cow never leaves Lenda's side and rejects strangers. And Lenda \"has yet to realize her starring role,\" jokes Franco.\nIn contrast, Vitoria, with her white head and brown body, \"already knows how to pose for photos,\" he said.\nVitoria has matured without suffering any diseases, despite the disadvantages of her breed -- the Simmental, of Swiss origins -- in a warm climate that fosters parasites. Also, her hoofs frequently crack, making her vulnerable to infections, but Oliveira says that she always \"comes out just fine.\"\nNow she is being tested for her reproductive ability. The first attempts to impregnate her in the natural way failed, but the scientists are awaiting the results of the latest try, 40 days ago. If Vitoria still is not pregnant, the next step will be artificial insemination, Oliveira says.\nPremature aging, which affected the famous cloned sheep Dolly in Scotland, is not a concern in Vitoria's case because she was created from an embryonic cell, that is, new genetic material, Rumpf explained to Tierramérica.\nBut Lenda was cloned from adult tissue cells, with already defined characteristics, which is why her development is being monitored very closely. The scientist said they are tracking her weight, metabolism and other biochemical processes in her body.\nLenda's mother was a Dutch breed. She died from hemorrhage when she suffered serious cuts from a barbed-wire fence. The owner offered the cow's ovaries to Cenargen, seeking to preserve the animal's fertility and high milk output, at least genetically.\nBut the ova were damaged in transit and were not suitable for producing embryos in vitro. Instead, the cells surrounding the eggs were utilized, a technique that has proved successful in cloning experiments in New Zealand, said Rumpf.\nBecause these are somatic cells, as they were in Dolly's case, and not sex cells, premature aging is a real danger.\nThe emergency solution led to an important scientific advance. Cenargen is trying to perfect the reproductive technique of cloning and then \"multiply animals that are genetically superior,\" says Franco.\nLenda allowed a second step, as a copy of an animal with known positive traits, while \"Vitoria is a shot in the dark,\" and may not repeat the characteristics of the original cow, he explains.\nAnother objective is to clone Vitoria. The first attempt in 2002 produced embryos from cells taken from the cow's ear. In April, a normal, healthy calf was born, but died two days later as a result of ingesting uterine liquid during the caesarean delivery. A second try was interrupted at eight months gestation due to water retention.\nAccording to Rumpf, none of these setbacks really undermines cloning as a reproductive technique. Two other embryos created from Vitoria's skin cells are currently in gestation.\nCenargen also plans to make transgenic clones, introducing genes from other species into the original genetic material in order for the cloned cows to produce \"medicinal milk\".\nThe mammary glands are \"natural bioreactors\", excellent manufacturers of substances that boost resistance to certain diseases, says the researcher.\nBut it is essential to improve the efficiency of cloning, Franco admitted.\nUnlike other methods of artificial reproduction, cloning is based on a cell from a single adult, so the offspring has its identical genetic makeup.\nOnly five percent of cloning attempts produce fetuses, and of that portion, only one to three percent survive. In vitro fertilization is effective in about 50 percent of gestations.\nA key factor is ensuring the receptor cows have \"strong maternal capacity\", like the cows that carried Lenda and Vitoria to term. They have a developed bone structure strengthened from previous births and are less likely to reject the clone embryo.\nThe scientist believes that the effort is justified in having proven that somatic cells preserve the genetic memory, and having contributed to the use of embryos in human regenerative therapy.\nIn addition to being a tool of scientific study, cloning could increase livestock production by selecting for exceptional animals. Lenda is one such example.\nIndeed, there is already a demand for animal cloning. But it could be many years before the technique is efficient enough to meet it, says Rumpf, adding that the Brazilian public has been receptive of animal cloning in general.\nThe cloning projects have not meant high costs for Cenargen, which has an infrastructure for preserving genetic material and for other types of artificial reproduction.\nSucupira is home to the Brazilian Animal Germplasm Bank, with genetic material from domesticated species in danger of extinction. Preservation is the principal goal of the institution's biotechnology program, Rumpf says.\nAmong the 200 cattle on the research farm there are breeds adapted to local conditions and some that are in danger of extinction. Animals of great genetic value and receptor cows for all types of reproduction round out the herd, said Franco.\n* Mario Osava is an IPS correspondent." ]

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[ "Donald H. Shively: \"Basho--The Man and the Plant\" in Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, v. 16, no., 1-2, 1953. p. 146-161.\nShively's article is a wonderful contribution to understanding the 17th-century Japanese hermit-wanderer and poet Basho. Known chiefly as the founder of the haiku genre of poetry, Basho took his name from the Japanese word for banana plant. While accidental and whimsical, or even \"bizarre to the Westerner,\" as Shively puts it, the author shows how the banana plant embodied key aesthetic values in China and Japan. As a poet, Basho incorporated them in his work.\nForty years old and a middling poet, Matsuo Kinsaku moved to a hermit hut, and his disciples, students, and hangers-on presented him with a banana plant for his garden. The poet liked the plant enough to soon adopt the literary name of Basho. Thereafter, his best poetic work began, as did a series of famous wanderings.\nOne of the earliest Buddhist texts referring to the banana plant is the Vimalakirti sutra, which uses the image of the banana plant, its frail leaves in the wind, its watery trunk, as a metaphor for the human body and its impermanence. In tropical climates, the banana plant flowers and bears fruit, but in colder Asia would freeze annually, the cold blackening its leaves and turning its stem to mush. While the image existed in some Japanese literature and in the popular saying, \"dew of the banana leaf\" to refer to life's transiency, the rarity of the banana in Japanese gardens was reflected in the paucity of references in Japan's literature.\nBut these instances must have been noticed by poets like Basho. A poem of 12th-century poet Saigyo, one of Basho's favorite poets, reads:\nWhen the wind blows at\ngo the leaves of the banana;\nThus is it laid waste;\nCan anyone rely on this world?\nAnd a 15th-century No play titled Yokyoku gathers Chinese and Japanese literary allusions to the banana plant to highlight the symbol of frailty, with the play featuring a monk whose prayers save the spirit of the plant.\nBasho's motives may have been more aesthetic, but the outer form of his life was characteristic of a Zen monk's simplicity and austerity. He reduced life to essentials, and also poetry, so that nature alone could reveal itself. This, Shively puts it,:\ncould be achieved through an appreciation of all natural phenomena, but especially through a sympathy for the frailer forms of insect and plant life. The banana plant was one with which he could commiserate.\nAs mentioned, Basho moved to a cottage in 1180, and the following spring was presented a banana plant for his garden. At first he was skeptical as to whether the banana would be overtaken by existing plants, but by autumn, with the summer's successful growth, Basho composed the well-known haiku titled \"Feelings of My Thatched Hut\":\nA banana plant in autumn\nI listen to the drops of rain\nFall into a basin at night.\nImages and sounds intermingle to show the frailty of the banana leaves and the deepening winds and rain, all connoting solitude. The human listener identifies with the sentient banana plant. Of the poem, a disciple wrote that \"it holds the whole life of taste,\" that is, the essential aesthetics of haiku, but also of Basho's philosophy of life. The poem contains, as Shively puts it, Basho's\naffinity to the banana plant, which like himself was lonely and defenseless, torn by the storms of this world. It symbolized the frailty, the transiency, of his own life -- as he like to picture it.\nBasho this life seemed by a momentary resting place in a world of\nsuffering. Solace could best be found in nature where solitude and\ndiscomforts aided contemplation,. He was a man of small build and frail\nhealth, and occasionally became ill on his journeys,. He seems to\nhave derived some ascetic satisfaction from the miseries of the trips,\nas if the cold rains, the sleepless nights in poor accommodations, and\nthe dangers of the road gave him new insights into life and nature.\nThe basho-an or \"banana-plant hermitage\" stood in sight of Mount Fuji, and when Basho left it for his first travels, a disciple named Chiri captured the mood of departure:\nentrusting the banana plant\nThe hut was destroyed two years later by a fire., the fate of the banana plant unrecorded. Basho had to escape the conflagration by wading across a river. Reluctantly he returned to the same Edo plain, his pupils reconstructing a hut and planting a new banana.\nThe basho-an was not to be his only hermit's hut. Two others followed, the last graced by five banana plants, all transplants. On this occasion, two years before his death in 1694, Basho composed a tribute (in haiku form) titled \"Words on Transplanting the Banana Plant.\" Behind the short work was Basho's sentiment that his journeys had ended, that he was \"transplanted\" back to his basho-an. Here is the essay in full:\nThe chrysanthemum flourishes by the east woven fence. The bamboo is the gentleman of the north window. The merits of the red and white tree-peonies are soiled by the dust of worldly judgment. The lotus does not stand on the ground, and unless the water is clear, it does not bloom.\nWhatever year that was when I moved my lodging to this place, I planted one banana plant. This must have been a climate and soil after the banana plant's heart. It sent forth several stalks; its leaves grew luxuriant and numerous, crowding the garden until it hid even the thatch at the edge of my roof. People gave its name to my thatched hut. It was loved by old friends and pupils; they plucked its shoots and divided its roots, and year after year these were taken here and there.\nOne year I decided to take a journey on foot to Michinoku, and since the Basho-an was already about to fall apart, I moved the banana next to the brush fence and gave instructions over and over to the people in that neighborhood to cover it whenever there was frost and to enclose it whenever there was wind.\nIn the fugitive pastime of the brush I left writings about it. When I slept on my journey far away, concerns welled up in my breast that the plant had been left alone.\nSeparated from many companions and longing for the banana plant, in extreme loneliness I passed the springs and summers of three years, until at last I shed tears once again upon the banana plant.\nThis year in the middle of the fifth month, when the fragrance of the mandarin orange blossoms was not far off, the promises of my friends also had not changed from of old. I could not part from this neighborhood. Quite close to my old hut they built a suitable thatched hut eighteen feet square. The cedar pillars are cleanly planed, the door woven of bamboo twigs is pleasing, the reed fence is built thick. It faces the south looking out on the pond, and to me it is a water pavilion. The site faces Fuji; the brush gate standing aslant enhances the view. The tide of Che-chiang river brims full in the stills of the \"Three Forks\" of the Sumida River; and as this is a fine aid for viewing the moon, from the new moon on I detest clouds and deplore rain.\nTo enhance the prospect during the autumn full moon, first of all I transplant the banana plants. Their leaves are broad, adequate to cover a lute. Sometimes they are blown and broken in the middle, and I lament this damage to the phoenix tails; and when the green fans are torn, I deplore the wind. Occasionally a flower blooms but it is not florid. Their trunks are thick, but they are not struck by the axe. They are in a class with that category of mountain trees which are not of useful quality, and this characteristic of theirs is fine.\nThe monk Huai-su made his brush fly on them, and Chang Heng-ch'u saw new leaves and considered them incentives for his studies. I do not take these two courses. I just take my ease in their shade, and only am fond of them that they are easily torn by wind and rain.\nThe essay contains many allusions to Chinese poetry: the lute, mandarin oranges to represent old friendships, \"phoenix tails\" and \"green fans\" referring to banana leaves, \"ram's horns\" referring to the banana fruit. Huai-su was a Chinese Buddhist monk and hermit of the 7th century, who planted hundreds of banana plants in the fields around his hut. He used the leaves as writing paper, calling his place \"Green Heaven\" and his hut \"Planted Paper.\" The 11th-century neo-Confucian Chang Heng-chu composed a poem about the banana plant Unfurled leaves remind the poet of cultivating new virtues and new knowledge. Shively notes other Chinese poets alluding to the banana plant and its characteristics. Indeed, Basho's own attitude toward the plant embodies the attitude of the Chinese Taoist philosopher Chuang-tzu, of whom it is written:\nChuang-tzu, traveling in the mountains, saw a great tree whose foliage was luxuriant. A woodcutter was stopped by it, but he did not take it. When asked the reason, be said: \"There is no way in which it can be used.\" Chuang-tzu said: \"This tree by not being of useful quality is able to complete its natural years.\"\nOf particular interest are paintings of late Japanese artists Watanbe Kazen and Kano Shoei depicting banana plants and linking them to Basho. Kazen shows the frazzled fronds of a banana plant with the Basho poem \"The Feelings of My Thatched Hut\" in calligraphy. Kamo Shoei shows Basho sitting in front of his basho-an, working on a bamboo and paper hat. The front of the hut is ringed by thriving banana plants.\nAlthough it may have been an accident that first brought the banana plant into Basho's life, it was a providential one. It suited him so well that he not only accepted it as a symbol, but identified with the plant to an extraordinary degree." ]

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[ "What do you get when you mix red and purple together?\nMany people wonder what happens when they mix red and purple together. If you mix red and purple together, you will end up with a reddish-purple or magenta color. Mixing colors is a fun way to create different shades. There are so many different colors on the color wheel, and by mixing certain ones, you can create more.\nIn order to get the color purple, you need to mix red and blue. Adding more red color to the purple will leave you with a reddish-purple color that is similar to magenta.\nWhen you take a look at the color wheel, you’ll notice several shades of purple between the standard purple and the red. Mixing red with purple will give you the potential to create any of those colors.\nAre you interested in learning more about mixing red with purple? Keep reading for all the information you need.\nWhat happens when you mix red and purple?\nRed is already part of the makeup of purple. Purple is a secondary color, while red is a primary color. All the secondary colors were created by mixing two primary colors.\nIn the case of purple, red and blue were used. By adding more red to the purple, the results will be a purple shade with more red than blue to the mix.\nThere are many shades of every color. Mixing red and blue together won’t just create any purple color. You need to have a certain ratio of both. When you mix red with purple, you have the potential to make colors such as:\n- Grape ; more\nReddish purple colors are similar to what you would see if you poured a glass of merlot or spread some mixed berry jam.\nThere is more of a wine-colored tint than purples that have more blue to them, such as periwinkle and orchid.\nMixing Purple And Red Color | Color Mixing >> Check out the video below:\nWhat happens when you mix primary and secondary colors together?\nMixing red and purple is a combination of primary and secondary colors. A rule of mixing colors is that two primary colors create secondary colors, but all three primary colors create brown.\nThis also means that mixing two secondary colors together will create brown because they feature mixes of primary colors.\nThis leaves the rule of mixing a primary color with a secondary color. The color you get will depend on which primary and secondary colors get mixed together.\nIf a secondary color gets mixed with a primary color that’s part of its makeup, then it will become a shade of the secondary color that’s close to the primary color.\nMixing red with purple will likely create a nice berry color while mixing blue with purple will create a violet shade.\nCan you mix neutral colors with red and purple?\nMixing a neutral color with the red and purple mix is a great way to soften or darken the color you are making. Neutral colors consist of white, black, and tan.\nThey aren’t used to make other colors (except grey) but they can be used to make other colors lighter or darker.\nThis can be a very helpful technique for artists who are blending colors. It is also useful for fashion and choosing a color scheme for your home.\nIf you want a deeper or darker shade of reddish-purple, a touch of black can be added to get the desired color.\nIt’s important to only add a small amount of black at a time until you reach the shade you want. This is because black is very powerful, and if you add even a touch too much it could take over the entire color.\nUsing white to make a color lighter or softer is a lot simpler. Tan or gray can also be used to lighten up a color if you don’t want the results to be as bright.\nWhite and red together create pink, and mixing that with purple can create fuchsia or magenta. These are very feminine colors that are popular in fashion and cosmetics.\nWhat Colors Make Purple? The Ultimate Guide to Mixing Purple >> Check out the video below:\nUsing the color wheel to see what colors can be made\nIf you’re not sure what color you will get by mixing two colors, the color wheel can give you a good idea. The color wheel will show the three primary colors, 2 secondary colors, and all the shades in between.\nIt will also give you a better idea of the ratios you will need to mix up certain colors.\nBy examining this wheel, you’ll have a clear idea of what adding more red to purple will look like. It will also show you the other end of purple when more blue is added.\nThe color wheel not only groups colors together, but it also shows which colors are complementary colors. Complementary colors are across from each other on the color wheel.\nThey shouldn’t be mixed together unless you’re trying to create a brown shade. However, when these two colors are used in the same scheme, they will help each other pop.\nPurple’s complementary color is yellow and red’s complementary color is green. The complementary color to the reddish-purple will be a greenish-yellow. This is similar to spring green or lime green, a popular shade in the summer.\nWhile these paint colors shouldn’t be mixed together, these colors go together well in the world of fashion.\nShould I mix red and purple?\nMixing your own paint colors is a great way to get creative and save money on art supplies. It can also help you achieve the exact shade of reddish-purple you have in mind.\nThis can be incredibly handy if you can´t find that shade at the local art store. However, getting the perfect ratio will take some practice\nDon’t be discouraged if it takes a few tries to get the color just right. Even the best artists needed the practice to get their colors right.\nYou may also need to experiment by using some of the neutral colors to get the mix right.\nIf you are trying to lighten your color, try to avoid using yellow because that will turn your color to a brownish shade.\nThe good thing about mixing a primary color like red with its secondary color is that if you add too much red, you can reverse the mistake by adding a bit of blue.\nYou can create almost any color by mixing other colors. Mixing the primary colors is how secondary colors are made.\nWhen a primary color gets mixed with a secondary color, the secondary color will take on more of the shade from that primary color, In the case of mixing red with purple, you will get a result of a reddish-purple.\nThe blue shades in the purple will be less prominent than when the ratio was even. However, the same thing would happen if you were to add blue to purple. It would be a deeper bluish-purple and the red shades wouldn’t be as noticeable.\nTaking a look at the color wheel will show you the key difference between reddish-purple and bluish-purple.\nWhen you mix red with purple, you will get magenta and berry shades. These are excellent colors for fashion, cosmetics, and home decor.\nHere are some of my favorite services, products, and Stores\nThere are affiliate links, so if you do decide to use any of them, I´ll earn a small commission. But in all honesty, these are the exact what I use and recommend to everyone, even my own family.\nTo see all my of most up-to-date recommendations, check out this resource that I made for you!\n+ Products & Services\n+ Convenience Stores\n+ Save Thousands of Dollars\nHave you ever wondered what color do you get when you mix red and pink? Mixing individual colors together may result in outcomes that you wouldn't expect, but it’s all based on the principles of...\nWhat Do You Get When You Mix Red and Green? (Three Colors of Light)\nWondering what you will get when you mix red and green color? Life is full of beautiful colors. As humans, we can perceive such an array of colors to enjoy the entire rainbow and varying shades of..." ]

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[ "Could we possibly live on another planet? Have you ever thought of leaving Earth and moving to another planet where there are no problems such as pollution, disease or violence? We do not know if such a place exists, but it is certainly not near us.\nIf we left our planet today, it would take us about three months to reach our neighbor Venus, which is as big as Earth but could not accommodate us. Venus has such a dense atmosphere that we can’t even see its surface. It suffers from a strong greenhouse effect: much of the incoming sunlight is trapped in the planet’s atmosphere, heating it to temperatures of over 480 degrees Celsius. Ten Soviet probes landed on Venus from 1975 to 1982 and sent back photos before they melted, because even lead melts at those temperatures. So you can cross Venus off your travel list.\nBut how about a trip to Mercury, the smallest of the planets? Mercury has no atmosphere and is very close to the sun. While during the day the temperature is over 400º C, at night it reaches -179º C. We have never landed on Mercury, but we have many recent images from the American Messenger probe that crashed on Mercury at the end of its mission. Would it be possible to live there? No.\nSo let’s go to Mars, after all it is the target planet for the next space explorations, right? Despite all the scientific and technological efforts, we know that there is still a lot of research and development work to be done to make a colonization caravan to the Red Planet possible.\nWe still have many years to go before the first human footprint is seen on Mars, let alone a permanent colony. Currently, the only inhabitants of Mars are NASA’s little robots, and they themselves have never found any evidence that life existed there (which is not to say that there wasn’t any).\nOf all the planets in the solar system, Mars is certainly the most hospitable. But even then, it is anything but a good environment for us Earth-adapted humans. The temperature is pleasant in summer, reaching about 20º C, but in winter it is severe: it can reach -140º C. The atmosphere is very thin and the main gas is CO2, which we know is not good for us.\nLeaving Mars, we pass the asteroid belt, where there is only debris, and the dwarf planet Ceres, which is very interesting: it has a diameter of almost 1000 km, but no atmosphere and is very cold, with temperatures ranging from -70º C to -150º C.\nGas giants – the dangers of living on other planets\nWhat about the gas giants: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune? Absolutely not. These planets don’t have the rocky surfaces we need to live on, so they won’t be our future home. However, some of the moons of these planets have interesting features.\nJupiter has one of the most fascinating moons in the solar system, Europa. This beautiful frozen moon contains oceans under a 20 km thick crust of ice. Nasa plans to send an unmanned probe there soon to explore the liquid water beneath the ice. But before we pack our bags, we need to know that it would be difficult for humans to settle there, mainly because of the very low temperatures, the constant cold of the desert and the low energy provided by the sun.\nAnother favorite is Titan, one of Saturn’s moons. It has almost everything needed, except the low temperature of -180º C. In 2005, the Huygens probe parachuted onto Titan’s floor and passed through its thin atmosphere. Titan’s soil is full of rocks and sand and resembles Earth’s deserts. Titan is the second largest moon in the solar system (the largest being Jupiter’s moon Ganymede) and also has seasons and methane lakes that could even harbor life, but not ours." ]

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[ "In the 2008 presidential election the Grand Old Republican Party suffered their biggest loss in 44 years. Not since Barry Goldwater garnered only 38% of the voting public have fewer Americans voted for them. In less than three years, they've lost 51 seats in the House and another 15 in the Senate.\nPerhaps worse for the Republicans, the party is now divided ideologically between moderates and the hard-core right. Would-be leaders are engaged in a battle to the end, with advocates of small government individualism forcing those who would compromise for collective benefit, out of the way. Having supported President Obama's stimulus plan, Senator Arlen Specter's twenty-nine years of Republican service to Pennsylvania was strategically sacrificed by a party base that would accept only hard-right values.\nThis is a struggle that has underpinned American politics since FDR's New Deal brought government to all of the people rather than just the wealthy: whether the individual or the people will be the political agenda. Lyndon Johnson painted Goldwater as a foe of social security and working people turned out in historic numbers to defeat him. Johnson's Great Society program was an affirmation of the ideas initiated by the New Deal. While Barry Goldwater's loss in 1964 was a landslide refutation of the idea that the New Deal worked against American individualism, efforts to derail it continued by the Republican party.\nBy1968, when Richard Nixon defeated Hubert Humphrey in the presidential election, the American melting pot had been on a rolling boil. The Civil Rights Movement led to the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. in April of 1968 and subsequent race riots in many cities. Young Americans sympathetic to equal civil rights joined the fray, and as the Vietnam war unraveled, anti-war demonstrations further divided the nation. Americans watched in horror, fear and disgust as unarmed protesters against war and racism outside the Chicago Democratic national convention were violently attacked for all the world to see.\nAmerica was coming of age at that time. We could no longer look the other way from racial injustice, or fight bloody wars in the face of American public resistance, or see women as second-class citizens any longer. As a nation, we were continuing to take seriously the promise of the American Dream, of equal opportunity and justice for all.\nNixon won a second presidency in 1972 based on a law and order campaign that played on the fears of Americans that change was occurring too rapidly. Southern voters turned out in force to vote against a federal mandate declaring people of color to have legitimate equal rights to go to school, to work, or even to use the same drinking fountain as whites. War protestors were marginalized as un-American radicals. The sons and daughters of the middle class were demonized as \"dirty hippies\" and made into a new national minority group. In a nation without justice, there was no peace. With blood and fire in the streets, Nixon won 60.7% of the popular vote against the anti-war candidate, South Dakota Senator George McGovern.\nNixon's corruption surrounding the Watergate scandal, as well as a poor economy won Jimmy Carter the presidency in 1976. Burdened with a slow economy, high interest rates, and 444 days of the Iran hostage crisis, Carter was largely seen as inept when he faced Ronald Reagan in 1980. In that campaign, Reagan famously said, \"A recession is when your neighbor loses his job. A depression is when you lose yours. And recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his.\" Reagan won the office with a 50.7% popular vote.\nBut, it would be another statement from Reagan that puts the current struggle within the Republican party in clearer perspective: \"The most terrifying words in the English language are: \"I'm from the government and I'm here to help.\"\nReagan's strategists were able to turn FDR's government for the people around, to paint it as the enemy of the people. American discontent over a perceived inept president, a hard economy, and a difficult diplomatic resolution with Iran, were all parlayed into a strategy for people to blame their problems on the government. If the government's here to help, they told us, be terrified.\nIt was a message that resonated with many struggling Americans. They'd think, that \"help\" is coming right out of my pocket. Civil rights equal protection laws rubbed up directly against lifestyles, not everyone agreed with all of the new ways of looking at things. A job filled by a minority was an easy blame on government laws. It was the individual against an ominous Big Brother, that could be either a slow Lenny from Mice or Men or Charlton Heston's still warm fingers holding a rifle above his head. The message was the same: the individual uber alles.\nNow, the hard-core Republicans are making a last stand for each of us as individuals, instead of any of us as a nation. They're stuck at the starting gate of adult cooperation, looking backwards. Instead of succeeding as a state from the union, they would have each voter succeed from the responsibility for the common good. \"Leave us alone,\" is the new battle cry; \"Get out of my life.\" This Republican party will leave the choice to you: either make it or don't. It's not your fault others are poor, uneducated, lack opportunity or food; but it's not anyone else's responsibility if you hit a hard spot either.\nIt's a Darwinian every man for himself; it's Objectivist to a fault; it will likely attract Libertarians now that all pretense of compassionate concern has been abandoned. But, it's also an anachronism as Americans move forward with the world toward more cooperative collective interests." ]

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[ "- any of the smallest divisions of a leaf which is doubly compound, esp. in ferns\n- any of the lateral branches of the arm of a crinoid\nOrigin: ModL pinnula < L, dim. of pinna, wing, feather: see pen\nUsed by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons, Inc.\nalso pin·nu·lanoun pl. pin·nules also pin·nu·lae\n- Botany Any of the ultimate leaflets of a bipinnately compound leaf.\n- Zoology A featherlike or plumelike organ or part, such as a small fin, or one of the appendages of a crinoid.\nOrigin: Latin pinnula, diminutive of pinna, feather; see pet- in Indo-European roots.\n- pinˈnu·lar adjective\npinnule - Science Definition\nCopyright © 2010 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved." ]

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[ "Some beneficial acts don't receive the appreciation they deserve. Preventions are in that category. Although they decrease the risk of a tragic event, the result might earn barely any credit. A tragic event which doesn't happen is an invisible nonevent, so the prevention's valuable role is superficially invisible too. If the event has several complex factors affecting its occurrence, one might be tempted to wonder how much that single prevention truly helped to stop it. Worse, a tragic event which does happen casts immediate doubt on a prevention's effectiveness at reducing risk; it didn't \"work\". In an unfair twist, it will do that whether or not the prevention's promoters were completely upfront that risk wouldn't be eliminated.\nIn the more noticeable examples of prevention, the act is discernibly connected to a chain of causes and effects. It readjusted the path of this chain like a railroad switch connecting up alternative train tracks to form a redirected route. The original risk and the lessened risk are clear-cut. It's often seen better in retrospect. For instance, having a spare item is a prevention that's utterly justified right after the first item is lost or broken. Not having the spare would have led to the event of lacking the item. The prevention has ensured that the lacking \"reality\" is now contrary to fact: it's a happily avoided counterfactual. The happier deviations that define it, and the preventions that introduced these deviations, are demarcated, specific, and identifiable.\nThis imaginative mode of understanding is abstract, but another word for a counterfactual is a story. Storytelling commands human awareness. When a counterfactual is backed by a vivid story, its features come alive. It recruits the showier layers of consciousness. The appeal overshadows levelheaded estimates of low plausibility. A possibility might be highly unlikely, but if it feels real enough then it gives the impression that it was previously on the verge of coming true—until a decisive prevention intervened.\nA last important analytical link is the prevention's performing agent. As surely as each counterfactual is linked to the prevention that rendered it a mere counterfactual, each prevention is linked to whatever agent put it into action. Hence, for a given agent, its unique influences and abilities effectively limit the preventions that have been or could be performed. If it were one average U.S. citizen, they wouldn't be individually praised for preventing armed conflict on the other side of the Earth (or scolded for not preventing it).\nOn the other hand, this commonsense limit breaks when the agent is omnipotent yet covert. An agent with these qualities could do virtually anything, but it doesn't openly affirm its miracle work when/if it ever does. The ramification is that there's no firm basis for distinguishing exactly what it has done and what it was aiming for. So the range of its hypothetical past preventions isn't inherently restricted. Did it act to prevent counterfactual scenarios P, Q, R, S, and so on? ...Maybe. It could have been involved.\nWhen it comes to converting newcomers, there's a drawback in too thoroughly extending the concept of prevention to such an agent. If the agent constantly receives adoration motivated by the nonexistence of miscellaneous counterfactuals, then gradually it looks less and less like an objective, independent entity. It looks more and more like an idolized empty shell with medals pinned to it for invented reasons. Anyone can spin myriad tales of prevented tragedies large and small. These aren't narrowly targeted proofs of an agent's undeniable deeds. It's not persuasive to hear expressions of personal gratitude for personal speculations regarding deflected personal calamities. The endless trend is hard to miss: whenever a person can envision a way that their existence could have been worse for them, they won't run out of rationales for applauding the agent they hold responsible.\nIn addition, it has a second drawback that newcomers may spot. The belief ends up sounding greedy in a closely related \"optimistic\" form. According to the agent's own principle of making the believer's existence less bad, it probably isn't flatly opposed to making their existence more good too. If it is said to have intentionally steered away from unreal adverse events they envision, then shouldn't they ponder why it has intentionally not steered toward unreal enjoyable events they envision? To be sure, not starving merits recognition. But it's a benevolent sculptor of the cosmos, after all. Why quit there? What would have been so terrible about having a small fortune?" ]

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[ "Focus on the pronunciation of issue\nEnglish definition of “issue”\n› [C or U] (also issuance) FINANCE, STOCK MARKET the offer for sale by a company or organization of financial products such as shares or bonds: bond/stock/share issuethe issue of sth Shareholders approved the issue of 12 million shares of preferred stock.in issue Total shares in issue are in excess of the those stated in the report.at/on issue While the shares dipped below the price at issue, some buying support lifted the stock back into positive territory.\n› [C] FINANCE, STOCK MARKET all of a particular type of shares, bonds, etc. that are offered for sale together: Since it is the largest issue and the market is witnessing poor performance, investors might not get value. We launched an exchange offer to buy back existing bonds in return for a new issue.\n› [C] a group or series, or one of a group or series, of things that are made available, published, or printed at the same time: an issue of a journal/magazine/newspaper The latest issue of the journal features interviews with twelve great business leaders. today's/this month's/Saturday's/etc. issue Issue number one of the comic book sold for $1.2 million at auction.\n› [C or U] MONEY the act of making available coins, currency, or stamps by a government, or the items themselves: Issue of a new ten rupee coin replaced a note of a similar denomination already in circulation. We expect the release of two commemorative coin issues by the United States Mint.\n› [C] a subject or problem that people think or talk about, or need to deal with: address/tackle/resolve an issue The service offers confidential help to filers who cannot resolve an issue through normal channels. consider/discuss an issue a central/core/key issue a major/minor issuea critical/serious issue Health care could become a critical issue in political debate. a complex/controversial/sensitive issue\n› [C] LAW a question that people still disagree about after all sides have argued for their clients in court: Pleadings, depositions, and admissions on file show that there is no genuine issue.\nbe at issue formal › to be the most important part of what is being discussed: The point at issue is what is best for the firm.\ntake issue with sth formal › to disagree strongly with someone: take issue with sb over sth I took issue with him over his interpretation of the instructions. → See also authorized issue, bank of issue, bonus issue, capitalization issue, cash issue, corporate issuer, euro-equity issue, free issue, outstanding issue, scrip issue" ]

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[ "Alternate Career Options\nMost students after the 10th standard opt for the traditional +2 system. They choose one of the three main stream courses\n- Science Stream\n- Commerce Stream\n- Arts/Humanities Stream\nSee Also: International Baccalaureate board (IB) Vs Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)\nIt is mandatory to choose these courses if one intends to do graduation or post graduation in any of these streams. Sometimes a student chooses not to pursue the courses available to them through the conventional +2 system. For such students, there are plenty of other options. We have done a bit of research and have listed out a few of the many different career options available outside of the traditional ones.\nITI (Industrial Training Institutes) / ITC (Industrial Training Centre’s)\nThe ITIs and ITCs were set up by the Ministry of Labor of the Government of India. Government-run versions are called ITIs and their privately-run counterparts are called ITCs and these institutes are basically training organizations which provide various types of training in technical domains. ITI courses are designed to impart basic skills to the students needed for jobs in specialized trades such as electricians, machinists, fitters, plumbers, turners, welders etc. Depending on the type of trade under consideration, the duration of the course may vary from one year to three years. After passing the course, the student can opt for practical training of his trade in the industry.\nDiploma in Engineering\nStudents who have an interest in engineering but are unable or unwilling to do the full four year degree course can join a three year engineering diploma courses in polytechnics. These courses give them a solid grounding in much of the same practical subjects as the degree course but does not dive as deeply into the theoretical aspects.\nThere are several short term courses that are designed specifically to inculcate a particular domain skill available to students in the IT sector who are creative, like web designing, animation, etc.\nFor a career in web designing you require knowledge of HTML, PHP, software’s for animation, web designing and many more. Web designing is a fabulous option for an alternative career. It’s immensely creative and highly paid.\nWeb content writer\nWeb content writing is a good experience for those who have a command over English and are duly informed about the subject.\nBecoming a citizen journalist is very easy. All you need to do is make an account on an appropriate platform and post your stories online. This is not a very lucrative career though.\nDancing and choreography\nDance is one of the most interesting professions. From classical to salsa, dance has always been something people crave to master and with the current craze of dance based reality shows the demand is booming for instructors. Dancers also work in movies, advertisements and as choreographers in stage shows and on television.\nThose interested in the field of teaching and imparting information to the next generation can undergo training in the diploma courses for nursery and primary teachers. This course is conducted by the departments of primary education in various States by the Education Ministry.\nIf you have a passion for serving the people and catching bad guys , you can join as constable in Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF). Selection for this job is done on the basis of a physical test and a written test.\nOn the basis of written examination, job opportunities are available in Indian Navy. The examination details are published in all leading daily newspapers in English and regional languages. After the exam, candidates are eligible for positions as Artificer Apprentices, Dock Yard Apprentices, and Sailors etc.\nIf you want to serve your country and protect it from threats foreign and domestic, the Indian Army is looking for you. One can join in Indian Army for the post of soldiers in technical trade through written exams like\n- Indian Army Soldier General Duty (N.E.R.) Examination\n- Indian Army Soldier Nursing (M.E.R.) Examination\n- Indian Army Soldier Clerks Examination\n- Indian Army Soldier Technical (M.E.R.) Examination\nBeauty and Health Care\nThe short-term courses in Beauty, Makeup and Hair dressing make you eligible for jobs in a host of industries as beauty therapists, spa therapists, makeup artist for weddings, dramas, movies, modeling shoots etc. You can also become work as a hair designer and or a nail technician.\nJewellery Designing and Fashion Designing\nCareers in Jewellery Designing and Fashion designing help you satisfy your creative urge. You can use your skills to work in the industry or start your own business.\nMust Read: Common Challenges Students Have in Algebra\nModeling is another highly lucrative business for fitness enthusiasts. There are short courses for acting and modeling where you can pick up the skills needed for this industry. You will need to get your portfolio made by a proficient photographer before you start looking for assignments.\nTranslator A translator is needed at places where a lot of foreign nationals visit such as embassies, MNCs, Hospitals, International organizations, as hotel guides etc. In order to become a translator, you first need to learn a new language and do an authorized certificate course in it. The most popular languages are German, Japanese, Spanish, French and English. As globalization progresses and countries become more interconnected, the need for people which such skills will go on increasing.\nIf you have an original idea for the online industry, venture out and start your own. The startup culture is booming in India due to government initiatives and is becoming a multibillion dollar revenue generator and if you play your cards right you can become very successful.\nThere are many other careers like tutors, counselors, photographer, video jockey, radio jockey etc. Always choose a career that interests you. When you have interest and passion in your career only then can you work hard and succeed at it.\n10 thoughts on “Alternate Career Options”\nPingback: What after 10? – Champstreet's Blog\nVery helpful article thank you for sharing\nthanks for sharing this post…\nvmit is one of the best polytechnic college in ranchi\nThanks for this info, I really liked your post.\nHey, Thanks for sharing the informative article. I appreciate your research.\nall career are great and i think hotel management is also great as this field is also rising. so we can do that.\nhotel management career is great as we can get lot of opportunity in this field .\nThank you for this helpful information you are providing the best information I like it and requested you to provides same quality information in future which was very helpful for people." ]

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[ "When Queen Elizabeth II eventually dies, she will almost certainly be succeeded on the throne of the United Kingdom (and Canada, etc.) by her eldest son, the current Prince of Wales.\nAnd, just as (almost) certainly, Prince Charles will follow his mother’s example and retain his own name when he is crowned king.\nHe will be Charles III — the first King Charles of England (etc.) in more than 300 years.\nBut stretching across those 300 years, there’s a very interesting connection between the sooner-or-later-to-be Charles III and his predecessor Charles II.\nDiana, Princess of Wales, was descended from two — count ‘em, two — mistresses of Charles II. Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, and Sarah, Duchess of York (Fergie), also trace their lineage back to one of those same royal mistresses.\nPrince Charles/Charles III has a dirty-laundry hamper full of his own sex secrets (which we probably will explore later), but for now we are going to examine the erotic piccadillioes, pleasures, perversities and pomposities of his predecessors as King Charles.\nThat would be Charles I and Charles II.\nFor our purposes, Charles I is quite boring. Except.\nExcept Charles I was the last English/British monarch to openly espouse his divine right to be king. He created the conditions for not one but two civil wars in the mid-1600s and, as a right royal loser, was convicted of treason by Parliament and beheaded.\nBritain was ruled by the Puritan dictator Oliver Cromwell for the decade after Charles I’s execution in 1649. And a sad decade it was, too: Cromwell even banned the celebration of Christmas because he deemed it to be too Catholic-y.\nCromwell finally died in 1658, but England seemed to have acquired the taste for a dominant top. So, after much huffing and puffing and sweating and gnashing of whatever, Parliament invited Charles I’s son — comfortably ensconced in exile in France and Holland for the past decade when not attempting doomed invasions of Britain — to come back to London and resume the position of king, a role that was so rudely interrupted by his father’s beheading in 1649.\nThe son was restored to the throne — thus the period being called the Restoration — in 1660 and everything seemed quite rosy. Because, along with Charles, activities like Christmas, pub-crawling, theatre-going and general hokey-pokey were also “restored.”\nBut before we get too far away from dear, old, dumb, dead Charles I, let’s look at one of Charlie One’s sex secrets. Maybe his only one, but I don’t think so.\nCharles I was always considered an upright, uptight monarch, loyal and loving to his queen and dependably boring — if demanding. A lousy king but a good husband supposedly.\nBut back in 2006, historian Sarah Poynting decoded a secret message in a smuggled letter from Charles to Jane Whorwood, step-daughter of one of his courtiers, while he was imprisoned and awaiting a parliamentary decision on his fate.\n“Charles wrote that Jane could easily visit him, but warned that they would not be able to speak privately without special permission. His letter then switched into cipher.”\n(which Poynting deciphered as …)\n“I imagine that there is one way possible that you may get a swiving from me”.\nHe then gave instructions on how she could gain secret access to the part of Carisbrooke Castle, where he was held.\nAnd back to The Guardian:\n“In the 17th Century, ‘swiving’ was a wholly obscene word for sex, found most commonly in the pornographic verses of the Earl of Rochester, who used it to describe the notorious sexual activity of Charles’s son after the Restoration.”\nSo all this while the executioner’s axe is more or less hanging over Charlie One’s head. Now that’s sex drive.\nPlus … I don’t understand how if she could get in, he couldn’t get out through this secret access.\nBut enough about sensible behaviour — we’re talking royals here.\nSo Charles I went off to his beheading, accompanied by his little lap dog and (hopefully) pleasant memories of Jane Whorwood. And 11 years later, his son — Charlie Deuce — rolled back into England. And the real fun and games began.\nCharles and his younger brother James had spent much of their exile from Cromwell’s England in the pursuit of “swiving” and both continued their pursuit — perhaps accelerated it — after their formal weddings.\nKing Charles II had a dozen or so “official” mistresses and dozens more casual flings which didn’t rate his public recognition. He bestowed aristocratic titles on most of those mistresses — and on many of the illegitimate children produced by them.\nIn fact, he treated his mistresses with more courtesy and affection than he did his formal queen consort, the poor, put-upon Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza.\nAt formal dinners, Charles would sit surrounded by several mistresses while Catherine was exiled to the far end of the table. He forced Catherine to accept several of his mistresses as ladies-in-waiting and those mistresses were given greater standing — and respect — in court than his wife.\nIn fact, while King Charles and Queen Catherine were honeymooning in 1662 at Hampton Court Palace, Charles brought along mistress Barbara Villiers to give birth to their second illegitimate child in the same palace.\nVilliers, one of the most powerful of Charles’ mistresses, was married to Roger Palmer, appointed Earl of Castlemaine and Baron Limerick by Charles in 1661 for his early, loyal support of the king’s restoration.\nUnfortunately for Castlemaine, the king was more husband to Barbara Villiers than the earl. Charles publicly acknowledged five of Villiers’ six children as his and Castlemaine was not believed to be the father of the other child either. After the birth of the first child, Castlemaine separated from his wife but remained a doggedly loyal, publicly cuckolded servant of the king throughout his reign.\nAs I said, Barbara Villiers was perhaps the most powerful of Charles’ mistresses. She held great sway in court and was considered a vile-tempered, vindictive intriguer. But she had the company of other intriguing mistresses, some of whom were closer to the king and most of whom were illustrious in their own right.\nThere was a weird practice at that time of having portraits of royal — and some aristocratic — mistresses painted with one or both breasts displayed. The pictures were usually kept in the private chambers of the mistresses’ patrons but they were all done by the same artists who painted all of the formal (non-breast-exposed) portraits of royalty and aristocracy. Most of the breast-exposed portraits done during the Restoration period were painted by Peter Lely, a Dutch artist who became official court painter for Charles II. Lely ran what was essentially a high-end production line: He would paint the faces of his subjects, then hand the work over to assistants to fill in the clothing and background. So what do you do when the exposed breast(s) is/are an essential (expressive?) feature of the portrait? I assume Lely also painted the breasts but maybe not — in some topless portraits of Nell Gwyn, Barbara Villiers and others the breast depiction varies substantially. Go figure. The above portraits, by the way, are of (in order) Nell Gwyn, Diana Kirke and Hortense Mancini.\nHere is a list of Charles II’s principal mistresses, in the rough order in which they entered his life:\n1. Lucy Walter, a Welsh noblewoman, was described as a “brown, beautiful, bold but insipid creature” and a “beautiful strumpet.” She became Charles’ mistress while he was in exile in Europe and gave birth in 1649 to one son who Charles acknowledged as his own. After the Restoration, Charles created that son the Duke of Monmouth and there were later, unsuccessful attempts to claim the throne for Monmouth when Charles II died. Sarah, Duchess of York — Fergie — is a descendant of Lucy Walter through the Duke of Monmouth.\n2. Elizabeth Killigrew was maid of honour to Charles’ mother and the sister of Charles’ master of revels during his exile. She gave birth in 1650 to one daughter, Charlotte Jemima FitzRoy, acknowledged by Charles. Elizabeth Killigrew was married at the time to Francis Boyle, fourth son of the Earl of Cork. After the Restoration, Charles made Boyle 1st Viscount Shannon in recompense and thus Elizabeth Killigrew became Viscountess Shannon.\n3. Catherine Pegge was considered a great beauty of her day although no known portraits of her survive. She also met Charles during his exile and became one of his long-term mistresses. They had two children, a boy named Charles FitzCharles (later 1st Earl of Plymouth) and daughter Catherine FitzCharles.\n4. Barbara Villiers, as we have already noted, was one of the most notable of Charles mistresses. Like the previous others, she first met Charles (and slept with him) while he was in exile in Europe, but he was much closer to the throne by the time he bedded her. Villiers accompanied her new husband, Roger Palmer, to The Hague in 1659 as part of the English delegation working out the details of Charles imminent Restoration. She would remain one of the king’s mistresses for the next 15 years and bear him five children before being pushed aside in the religious feuding of the period (she had become a Roman Catholic). As Charles had other mistresses at the same time as Barbara Villiers, so she had other affairs while with Charles. Among the other men in her life were her cousin John Churchill (an ancestor of Winston Churchill), acrobat Jacob Hall and Cardonell Goodman, described as “an actor of terrible reputation,” with whom she had her sixth child after Charles cast her out of his inner circle.\nAs I told you earlier, Barbara Villiers and Charles II started one of the family lines that eventually gave birth to Diana, Princess of Wales. Diana’s great-great grandmother, Adelaide Seymour, married the 4th Earl of Spencer in 1854. And Adelaide’s great-great-great-grandfather was Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton and third-born son of King Charles II and Barbara Villiers.\n5. Nell Gwynn, the actress who rose from the gutter to the king’s bedchamber, is probably now the most famous of Charles II’s many mistresses. She was certainly the most beloved by the British public back in the day, mainly because of her common touch and generosity. Nell became one of Charles’ two principal mistresses after Barbara Villiers’ influence waned in the late 1660s. Like most of Charles’ other mistresses she bore him children. The elder was Charles Beauclerk, born in 1670, who the king made Earl of Burford and later Duke of St Albans. A second son, James, was born in 1671 and he became Lord Beauclerk.\nNell Gwyn first came to the attention of Charles in 1668 when, as an 18-year-old, the bouncing beauty with oodles of personality and a bawdy sense of humour was the star of a series of Restoration comedies and dramas. The king took a fancy to the actress and, as randy, tell-all courtier Samuel Pepys wrote in his diary, “did send several times for Nelly.”\nNell was soon living in a royal palace, swiving the king (or being swiven — I’m not sure of the correct usage here) in a silver bed for which she billed the royal purse £1,135 (more than $200,000 in today’s money) and ordering three barrels of fresh oysters a week — again at the public expense.\nBut she was good-hearted and good-spirited, we’re told, and the British people seemed to enjoy her robust sexuality as much as the king did. Her great rival in the 1670s (who we will get to next) was a French Catholic courtesan who was hated by the largely anti-Catholic English public.\nOnce, a mob began roughing up the footmen carrying her sedan chair in the erroneous belief that Nell Gwyn’s French Catholic rival was aboard. Nell supposedly pulled aside the curtain and calmed the crowd with these words: “Pray, good people, be civil. You are mistaken — I am the Protestant whore.”\nCharles kept Nell Gwyn living in luxury until his death in 1685. His last words to his brother and successor, James II, were said to be “Let not poor Nelly starve.”\nNell Gwyn lived only two years longer than Charles II, dying at age 37 of a series of strokes.\n6. Louise de Kerouaille was the French courtesan who was Nell Gwyn’s great rival for Charles II’s affections in the 1670s and ’80s. She came from a family of French aristocrats that would later include the Marquis de Sade and she was probably a spy — certainly an agent of influence — for the French in the English court. But she was beautiful and charmed the pants off Charles (literally) and would maintain a hold on Charles’ affections until his death. Charles lavished money and titles on Louise de Kerouaille. She was most prominently known as the Duchess of Portsmouth, although Nell Gwyn dubbed her Squintabella.\nDe Kerouaille and Charles had one son, Charles Lennox, given the titles Duke of Richmond and Duke of Lennox at the ripe old age of three.\nAnd it is through this young duke that Diana, Camilla and Sarah, Duchess of York all share the same bloodlines connected back to Charles II and his mistress Louise de Kerouaille.\nThere were many other woman, of course, who held the king’s attention for shorter spans of time. Among them:\nMoll Davis, another actress, who bore Charles one daughter. Nell Gwyn felt one actress was enough in the king’s life and was able to manoeuvre Davis out of official favour in the early 1670s.\nThen there was Hortense Mancini, daughter of a minor Italian aristocrat, who later became another agent of influence for the French in the English court of Charles II. Hortense was married off to one of the richest men in Europe, the Duc de la Meilleraye, at the age of 15 and bore the eccentric, unpleasant duc four children before the age of 20.\nAbandoning those children, Hortense ran away from her husband at age 22 and eventually became the mistress of the Duke of Savoy. When that duke died, she ended up in Paris and was recruited to go to London with the express purpose of seducing Charles.\nSince that was never a very difficult task, Hortense succeeded and, for a while in the mid- 1670s, replaced both Nell Gwyn and Louise de Kerouaille as the king’s favourite.\nHortense eventually fell from favour, partly because of the manoeuvring of de Kerouaille, but also because of her penchant for carrying on affairs behind Charles’ back with lovers of both sexes — including Charles’ own illegitimate daughter by Barbara Villiers, the Countess of Sussex. Less politically damaging but possibly more interesting was her lesbian relationship with Aphra Behn, one of the few professional women poets and playwrights of that age. Aphra Behn also had an earlier relationship with Charles, but it was as a spy against his enemies in Holland rather than as a lover.\nBut Charles had no shortage of other lovers, usually ladies of the court like Winifred Wells, one of the queen’s maids of honour. Winifred was once described as having “the physiognomy of a dreamy sheep” and seemed to be accepted as a harmless lump by the other mistresses and even by the queen, who kept her on as a lady-in-waiting for years after Charles’ death. She had at least one child by Charles.\nAnd Christabella Wyndham. And Elizabeth Berkeley, Dowager Countess of Falmouth. And Elizabeth Fitgerald, Countess of Kildare. And Diana Kirke, Countess of Oxford. The list goes on and on. It’s seemingly endless.\nIt’s hard to figure out how Charles had time to run a government and a kingdom. Oh, that’s right, he didn’t — the diarist Samuel Pepys reported frequently about how the king kept his ministers of state and foreign diplomats hanging around for hours while he played with his concubines and little dogs.\nAnd Charles was always looking out for fresh blood. Pepys recounts the story of Lady Frances Stuart, who was forced to flee the court because “she could no longer continue without prostituting herself to the King” and noted Charles had taken liberties with her “more than he ought.”\nSo there you have it — the playboy king taking what he wanted and tossing it away when he was done. Not much of a royal role model. It’s no wonder that no other British monarch took the moniker “Charles” for the next three centuries and more.\nAnd even though Charles II was known as “the Merry Monarch,” I really think he was a nasty bugger for the way he treated his queen, Catherine.\nShe endured insult and abuse and infinite mental cruelty, but yet she endured. In the end she outlived Charles. And after suffering three miscarriages, she was left barren and — despite his squadrons of bastards — Charles was left with no legitimate heirs.\nHis younger brother James assumed the throne. And was so unloved and suspect among the British people — the English, anyway — that James’ daughter Mary and her Protestant Dutch husband, William of Orange, were invited to invade the country. Which they did. But that’s another story.\nOf course James kept a coterie of mistresses too. And even Protestant King Billy did later. Which led to this exclamation during the crowning of a German prince as king of England on Oct. 20, 1714 after William’s death.\n‘Good God, who would have thought that we three whores should have met here!’\n— The Countess of Dorchester , mistress of James II, on encountering the Duchess of Portsmouth, mistress of Charles II, and the Countess of Orkney, mistress of William III, at the coronation of George I." ]

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[ "The glacier in its summer dress\nMay 4, 2020\nSnow farming and covering the glacier have a long tradition at the SkiArena. Due to the fact that ski operations had to be ended earlier than planned this year, large amounts of snow and ice can be conserved for the next season.\n«The glacier is the start of the piste, it is located just below the Gemsstock mountain station. If this natural bridge of snow and ice is missing, we have to build an artificial ramp or a staircase, for example, so that the skiers can get on to the ski slope», explains Dani Meyer from the SkiArena. He is responsible for snow-making and snow farming. The Gurschen Glacier, about one hectare in size, is covered with a fleece to prevent it from melting in summer. Before the fleece is spread out, the SkiArena employees also knock snow on this section to ensure that this snow ramp doesn’t melt. For 16 years now, the fleece is rolled out over the glacier in spring and gets sewn together using large industrial sewing machines and weighed down on the sides with sandbags and filled water hoses from the snow-making systems.\nSave energy and costs\nWhile covering the glacier is primarily a protection against melting, snow farming serves to preserve snow, which can be used again in the fall to create slopes. Ten such depots were created between the Gurschenalp and the Gemsstock. «The snow is free by nature, but if we technically produce snow before the start of the ski season, it becomes a financial value. With the snow kept over summer, we can already lay a good foundation for the next winter. So thanks to snow farming this year, we have to produce less snow», explains Dani Meyer.\n|All snow deposits combined||about 175,00 m3|\n|Large fleece||about 36,150 m2|\n|Dry fleece weight||about 200 kg per track|\n|Fleece weight with snow||about 600 to 800 kg per track|\n|Sandbags for weighing down||865|\n|Full water hoses for weighing down||about 500 m|\n|Number of man-hours per deposit||36|\n|Snow preserved over summer||about 130,000 m3 (approx. 75%)|" ]

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[ "STRUGGLE, SOLIDARITY AND DEFEAT:\n1913 Dublin Lockout Centenary Conference\nOrganised by the University of Salford and Working Class Movement Library\nSaturday 19 October 10.30am-4.30pm\nOld Fire Station, University of Salford, The Crescent, Salford M5 4WT\n2013 marks the centenary of the infamous Dublin Lockout, the most important industrial struggle in Irish history. When some 25,000 workers were promptly locked out of their workplaces by over 400 employers for refusing to sign an undertaking not to be a member of Jim Larkin’s Irish Transport and General Workers Union (ITGWU), there was a concerted attempt to crush independent and militant trade union organisation.\nWith inspirational defiance, courage and tenacity, the Dublin workers, led by Larkin and the ITGWU, held out for nearly six months between 26 August 1913 and 18 January 1914. Workers with the lowest wages and the worst living standards in Western Europe, many of them casual labourers, jointed together in an attempt to fight the employers to a standstill. It was a battle of epic proportions.\nYet while most accounts of the Dublin Lockout consider it primarily as an event in Irish history, it was also one of the most important struggles in twentieth century British history; probably the only other comparable event was the national miners’ strike of 1984-5. Influenced by, and an integral part (if not the highpoint) of the great ‘labour unrest’ that swept Britain in the years 1910-14, and with the fight for solidarity with the Dublin workers carried right into the heart of the British labour movement, the lockout was to have tremendous repercussions in Britain as well as in Ireland.\nThe defeat of the strikers and the success of the lockout strengthened the power of employers in Ireland, and was subsequently to be reflected in some of the post-war tactics used by British employers, notably in the 1926 General Strike.\nAt this centenary one-day national conference (organised jointly by the University of Salford and Working Class Movement Library) leading specialists in the fields of labour history and contemporary employment relations in both Ireland and Britain will revaluate the lockout’s causes, protagonists and dynamics, the extent of solidarity generated and reasons for ultimate defeat, as well as consider its legacy and enduring contemporary relevance.\n9.45am -10.30am: Registration and Coffee\n10.30am- 10.45am: Welcome and Introduction\n10.45am-11.30am: The Dublin Lockout: Speaker: Padraig Yeates, former Irish Times industry and employment correspondent; author of Lockout: Dublin 1913; project manager of the Irish 1913 Committee\n11.30am-12.15pm: The Irish Transport and General Workers Union: Speaker: Francy Devine, author of Organising History: A Centenary of SIPTU; 1909-2009, former President of Irish Labour History Society and editor of journal Saothar; ex-tutor in the SIPTU Education and Training Department\n12.15pm-1.30pm: Lunch, Music and Exhibition Display\n1.30pm-2.15pm: Jim Larkin: Speaker: Emmet O’Connor, senior lecturer in History, Magee College, University of Ulster; author of James Larkin and Syndicalism in Ireland\n2.15pm-3.00pm: Dora Montefiore and the ‘Save the Kiddies’ Scheme: Karen Hunt, Professor of Modern British History, Keele University; author of Equivocal Feminists and co-author of Socialist Women: Britain, 1889s to 1920s.\n3.00pm-3.45pm: Solidarity and Defeat: Speaker: Ralph Darlington, Professor of Employment Relations, University of Salford; author of The Political Trajectory of J.T. Murphy and Syndicalism and the Transition to Communism: An International Comparative Analysis\n3.45pm-4.30pm: Speakers Panel: Questions and Discussion\nMap of Venue Location (the Old Fire Station is next door to the Working Class Movement Library and listed as number 26 on the main map)\n£15 waged and £5 unwaged, with lunch provided\nTo reserve your place in advance or for further details contact [email protected]" ]

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[ "23 Jun Breath of Nature\nBreath of Nature\nLong known for enhancing people’s well-being and appreciated for beautifying every environment, plants also help to purify and freshen up the air, both outdoors and indoors.\nWhen looking at a plant, there is a list of immediate things that can surely pop into our heads. It has distinctive leaves. It has beautiful flowers. It is bearing fruit. It has the sweetest perfume. And, beyond the visible, people would recall something they learned at an early age in school: plants are life. They are crucial to the function of the biosphere by recycling CO2 and producing oxygen, while creating habitats for many organisms. A single tree can be home to hundreds of species of insects, fungi, moss, small mammals, and other plants. They are part of our diet since forever. Humans get 85% of their calories from 20 plant species and the majority comes from just three of them: wheat, rice and maize. Plants also satisfy other basic human needs such as clothing, shelter, and medicine thanks to a wide range of products they provide, from fibres to dyes, from timber to oils. They also beautify everything that surrounds them, bringing a sense of calm, relaxation and boosting one’s mood.\nTherefore, no wonder we all like having indoor plants in our homes and offices. Having plants inside is an easy way to purify and freshen up the indoor air. If challenged to name sources of air pollution, most people would think of cars and airplanes exhausts, or the dark smoke from factories. However, indoor air can be much more toxic than the air outside. At home or at office, smoke, fungal spores, chemicals used in paints, varnishes and cleaning products, or poorly maintained air-conditioned systems could be harmful to the human health. And people spend a lot of time between walls.\nNative to Colombia and Ecuador, is effective in removing formaldehyde, xylene, toluene, and ammonia from the air. With bright leaves and an arrow-shaped core, these flowers can stay vibrant for months.\nThis bamboo-like clustering palm grows in tropical to temperate climate zones, both as an ornamental plant in gardens and as a houseplant. It is called “Butterfly palm”, referring to the leaves which curve upwards in multiple stems to create a butterfly look. It helps remove toxins such as formaldehyde and xylene.\nIt’s easy to keep and doesn’t require too much water. It releases oxygen at night, helping to avoid the night snoring. Also known as Mother-in-Law’s Tongue, is one of the best plants for filtering the air of formaldehyde, xylene or benzene.\nNASA CLEAN AIR STUDY\nIn a 1989 report, NASA set off an entire generation of research (still ongoing) into this topic led by B.C. Wolverton, head of Stennis’ Environmental Research Lab. The report, entitled “Interior Landscape Plants for Indoor Air Pollution”, detailed a study of 12 different common houseplants (from the gerbera daisy to the bamboo palm) thought to be able to remove gas concentrations from enclosed, airtight spaces. At the time, NASA was interested in finding a solution to the lack of fresh air exchange (and consequent high concentration of gases) in space stations.\nThe chemicals chosen for study were benzene, trichloroethylene, and formaldehyde. Preliminary results showed that the plants could play a major role in their removal in a sealed chamber and within a 24-hour period. But the most surprising finding was which parts of the plant were doing the filtering: those were the roots and soil (the researchers removed all the leaves and noticed that the air-purifying effect was only a bit less than before). In 1997, B.C. Wolverton published his findings in dozens of technical papers and in a consumer-friendly book: “How to Grow Fresh Air: 50 Houseplants That Purify Your Home or Office.” In an easy-to-understand language, he explains which plants and varieties remove the most toxins and rates each plant for the level of maintenance it requires." ]

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[ "The USS Indianapolis had just completed a Top Secret mission, delivering parts of the “Little Boy” atom bomb that was later to be dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. She was en route to the Phillipines On July 30, 1945 when she was torpedoed by a Japanese submarine at 14 minutes past midnight.\nAn estimated 300 men were killed upon impact; 900 were cast into the ocean. Because of the Top Secret classification of the mission, no distress signal was made from the doomed vessel and no search party sent.\nAs the men regrouped into clutches of around 100 – 150, they knew they were in trouble. Though the water temperature in that part of the South Pacific was relatively warm (around 72 degrees Fahrenheit), they had no food, no fresh water, and few had life preservers. The sun was hot and soon caused painful sunburns. At night, the air temp dropped into the 50s. A survivor later wrote:\n“So the day passed, night came and it was cold. IT WAS COLD. The next mornin the sun come up and warmed things up and then it got unbearably hot so you start praying for the sun to go down so you can cool off again.”\nSo the men were cold, sunburned and waterlogged. Then the sharks arrived. On morning of day two the sharks attacked the men from below; men who were getting tired and sagging under the surface were their targets. The sailor’s screams grew more and more frequent over the next days as hypothermia, hyperthemia and sunburn overcame them. Some had started drinking seawater and hallucinating that the ship was still ok - they swam down to it to get fresh water and were attacked.\nTo add to the men’s frustration and misery, planes had been flying over the region every day. Not one had spotted them until day four when a seaplane pilot looked down in time to see a huge oil slick. On his second flyby (with bomb bay doors open and ready to drop depth charges in case of enemy craft) he saw the survivors. He called his home base and set in motion one of the largest rescues in Naval history.\nIt took a week for the total search area to be combed and for crews to be identified. By the time the rescue was done, all but 321 men had lost their lives.\nCaptain Charles McVay was court-martialed for \"hazarding his ship by failing to zigzag\". The Navy even brought Mochitsura Hashimoto, the commander of the Japanese sub that fired the torpedoes, to testify against McVay. Though Hashimoto swore that he would have sunk the ship whether or not the Indianapolis had taken action, Captain McVay was convicted. In 1968 he committed suicide.\nIn 1976, the movie Jaws brought the USS Indianapolis back in the news. In the film, the student (Richard Dreyfuss), the sheriff (Roy Scheider) and Captain Quint (Robert Shaw), a gruff old sea dog, had this monologue based on the disaster:\nJapanese submarine slammed two torpedoes into our side, chief. It was comin' back, from the island of Tinian Delady, just delivered the bomb. The Hiroshima bomb. Eleven hundred men went into the water. Vessel went down in twelve minutes. Didn't see the first shark for about a half an hour. Tiger. Thirteen footer.\nYou know, you know that when you're in the water, chief? You tell by lookin' from the dorsal to the tail. Well, we didn't know. `Cause our bomb mission had been so secret, no distress signal had been sent. Huh huh. They didn't even list us overdue for a week. Very first light, chief. The sharks come cruisin'. So we formed ourselves into tight groups. You know it's... kinda like `ol squares in battle like a, you see on a calendar, like the battle of Waterloo.\nAnd the idea was, the shark would go for nearest man and then he'd start poundin' and hollerin' and screamin' and sometimes the shark would go away. Sometimes he wouldn't go away. Sometimes that shark, he looks right into you. Right into your eyes. You know the thing about a shark, he's got...lifeless eyes, black eyes, like a doll's eye. When he comes at ya, doesn't seem to be livin'. Until he bites ya and those black eyes roll over white. And then, ah then you hear that terrible high pitch screamin' and the ocean turns red and spite of all the poundin' and the hollerin' they all come in and rip you to pieces.\nY'know by the end of that first dawn, lost a hundred men! I don't know how many sharks, maybe a thousand! I don't know how many men, they averaged six an hour. On Thursday mornin' chief, I bumped into a friend of mine, Herbie Robinson from Cleveland. Baseball player, bosom's mate. I thought he was asleep, reached over to wake him up. Bobbed up and down in the water, just like a kinda top. Up ended. Well... he'd been bitten in half below the waist\nNoon the fifth day, Mr. Hooper, a Lockheed Ventura saw us, he swung in low and he saw us. He'd a young pilot, a lot younger than Mr. Hooper, anyway he saw us and come in low. And three hours later a big fat PBY comes down and start to pick us up. You know that was the time I was most frightened? Waitin' for my turn. I'll never put on a lifejacket again. So, eleven hundred men went in the water, three hundred and sixteen men come out, the sharks took the rest, June the 29, 1945. Anyway, we delivered the bomb.\nFor years, the Indianapolis' survivors have sought to clear Captain McVay's name. There have been letters and publicity urging the conviction be expunged from his record.\nOn November 24, 1999, less than a year before his own death, Mochitsura Hashimoto wrote a letter to the chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee:\nI hear that your legislature is considering resolutions which would clear the name of the late Charles Butler McVay III, captain of the USS Indianapolis which was sunk on July 30, 1945, by torpedoes fired from the submarine which was under my command.\nI do not understand why Captain McVay was court-martialed. I do not understand why he was convicted on the charge of hazarding his ship by failing to zigzag because I would have been able to launch a successful torpedo attack against his ship whether it had been zigzagging or not.\nI have met many of your brave men who survived the sinking of the Indianapolis. I would like to join them in urging that your national legislature clear their captain's name.\nOur peoples have forgiven each other for that terrible war and its consequences. Perhaps it is time your peoples forgave Captain McVay for the humiliation of his unjust conviction.\nformer captain of I-58\nJapanese Navy at WWII\nOn July 13, 2001, thanks to the hard work of the families and survivors of the disaster, Captain McVay's record was finally amended to exonerate him for the loss of the U.S.S. Indianapolis and the lives of those who perished as a result of her sinking.\nThe Jaws Log by Carl Gottlieb" ]

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[ "The imagery on this page is the basis for a paper entitled Massive, Solidified Bone in the Wing of a Volant Courting Bird, by K.S. Bostwick, M.L. Riccio and J.M. Humphries (2012, Biology Letters, 8, 760-763). The abstract is as follows:\nOne pervasive morphological feature of tetrapods is the pipe-like, often marrow-filled, structure of the limb or long bones. This ‘hollow’ form maximizes flexural strength and stiffness with the minimum amount of bony material, and is exemplified by truly hollow (air-filled), or pneumatic, humeri in many modern birds. High-resolution microCT scans of the wings of two male club-winged manakins (Machaeropterus deliciosus) uncovered a notable exception to the hollow-tube rule in terrestrial vertebrates; males exhibited solidified ulnae more than three times the volume of birds of comparable body size, with significantly higher tissue mineral densities. The humeri exhibited similar (but less extreme) modifications. Each of the observed osteological modifications increases the overall mass of the bone, running counter to pervasive weight-reducing optimizations for flight in birds. The club-winged manakin is named for a pair of unique wing feathers found in adult males; these enlarged feathers attach directly to the ulna and resonate to produce a distinctive sound used in courtship displays. Given that the observed modifications probably assist in sound production, the club-winged manakin represents a case in which sexual selection by female choice has generated an ecologically ‘costly’ forelimb morphology, unique in being specialized for sound production at a presumed cost in flight efficiency.\nAbout the Species\nThis whole specimen was collected from Bocas del Toro, Panama by J.T. Weir on 9 March 2003. It was made available to The University of Texas High-Resolution X-ray CT Facility for scanning by Dr. Kim Bostwick of Cornell University and Dr. Timothy Rowe of the Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin. Funding for scanning was provided by a National Science Foundation Digital Libraries Initiative grant to Dr. Rowe.\nAbout this Specimen\nThis whole specimen was scanned by Matthew Colbert on 7 July 2004 along the coronal axis for a total of 1215 slices. Each 1024x1024 pixel slice is 0.0576 mm thick, with an interslice spacing of 0.0576 mm and a field of reconstruction of 26 mm.\nYouTube video showing Dr. Bostwick demonstrating the interesting moonwalk of the red-capped manakin" ]

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[ "Many motorists under-estimate the benefits that electric cars can bring – especially with regard to performance, cost of maintenance and charging, a new survey by Go Ultra Low has found.\nFor example, around 50% of those polled thought conventionally-powered vehicles accelerate faster than pure electric cars.But in fact, according to Go Ultra Low, in many cases the opposite is true.Similarly, around 25% thought electric cars would cost more to maintain over their lifetime, whereas they can actually cost up to 70% less.\nThe average estimate for fully charging a pure electric car was £21.54, despite the fact that they can be charged at home for as little as £3.64.More than 25% of the survey participants were not even aware that electric cars can be charged via a charging point installed in the home.\nMany also didn’t realise there are around 17,000 charge point connectors in the UK at present.The average estimate was just 6,000.\nMost of the 2,000 adults surveyed under-estimated the number of models that are currently available to buy as well – the average was just nine, nearly half the actual number (17), and 42% thought there were fewer than 15,000 pure electric cars on the roads compared to the true figure of around 40,000.\nAnd a significant number – 42% – weren’t sure if electric cars are safe to be put through a car wash.In this regard, they are no different to petrol or diesel vehicles.\n“The research shows there is much confusion and misunderstanding when it comes to pure electric cars,” Poppy Welch, the Head of Go Ultra Low,said. “Over half of those surveyed don’t feel confident describing a pure electric car to another person and many aren’t aware of the many benefits electric cars can bring.\n“Pure electric car drivers can benefit from lower running costs, convenient charging and high-performance driving, all while producing no tailpipe emissions and helping to improve local air quality. Dispelling these misconceptions and highlighting these perks is vital if we are to see more motorists make the switch to electric motoring.”" ]

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[ "BLK309 Introduction to Afro-Brazilian History\nIntroduction to Afro-Brazilian History; contributions of Blacks to Brazilian society from the time of discovery to the present. The slavery and abolition of slavery period will receive considerable attention, as will politics, journalism, culture, and language, and religion.\n- GE3: WRLD\n- Effective Expression/Written\n- Liberal Arts\n- Must be enrolled in the following level: Undergraduate\n- May not be enrolled in the following class: Freshman" ]

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[ "Educating Girls To Be Entrepreneurs\nWe welcome guest blogger Sara Herald, the Associate Director for Social Entrepreneurship at the Dingman Center for Entrepreneurship and an adjunct faculty member in the Department of Management and Organization at the University of Maryland's Robert H. Smith School of Business.\nEntrepreneurship is a hot topic these days, lauded as a key part of our American identity. Educators at all levels are encouraged to incorporate modules on entrepreneurship into their classrooms and train their students to think like the Silicon Valley entrepreneurs who are lionized in our culture. But when we think of those entrepreneurs, we almost exclusively think of men, often without realizing it. In fact, when you search for images of \"famous entrepreneurs\", you see multiple pictures of Steve Jobs, Mark Zuckerberg, and Bill Gates, along with others like Jeff Bezos and Richard Branson. Out of the first 33 images, only 3 are of women.\nA Different Way to Increase Diversity\nClearly, the entrepreneurship world has a diversity problem. While women launched 41% of new businesses on average for the last two decades, that number is falling (R. Simon). In 2014, women started less than 37% of the new businesses in the United States. In the tech world, female founders are practically mythical creatures: in Silicon Valley, only 3% of technology companies are started by women (Z. Barry). As educators and leaders, how might we bridge this gender gap in entrepreneurship to make the sector more inclusive?\nOne answer lies in a growing field called social entrepreneurship. While there are many aspects to the term's definition, it refers to starting ventures that have both an earned revenue model and a social mission. Social enterprises are businesses, whether for-profit or non-profit, that sell a product or service to achieve their social goals. Many of you are likely familiar with brands like TOMS shoes or Warby Parker glasses - both social enterprises with male founders. Some of you may carry around S'well bottles, chic accessories intended to rid the world of plastic water bottles, 50 billion of which are dumped into US landfills each year. S'well's founder, Sarah Kauss, started the company as a one-woman business in 2010 and has grown it to a 30+ person operation with $50M in sales in 2015.\nSocial entrepreneurship is resonating with women. From pioneers like Anita Roddick, founder of the beauty brand The Body Shop, to young women like Eden Full, founder of SunSaluter, who at the age of 19 was awarded the Thiel Fellowship to create a solar panel rotator for the developing world that boosts energy output by 30%. The statistics around entrepreneurship are starting to reflect this: women are 17% more likely than men to start a social venture rather than a purely economic venture (G.Stengel). So one way to address the gender imbalance in the entrepreneurship field is clear: we need to make it easier to start and sustain social enterprises.\nMaking Business Skills More 'Societally Meaningful'\nAt the University of Maryland, where I work, social entrepreneurship is growing in popularity. This past year I had the opportunity to work closely with two seniors, Nadia and Lexi, who turned to social entrepreneurship as a way to take action on an issue they care about: the high mortality rates for African-American women diagnosed with breast cancer. Instead of raising money for breast cancer charities or starting a non-profit of their own, they launched Cocoa Queens Hair Care, a high-quality hair extension brand for African-American women. The packaging is designed to educate their consumers about breast health and prevention tactics in a way that's thoughtful, relevant, and actionable. Nadia and Lexi had no business experience and never thought the business world would be interesting to them, but the social mission of their company has them diving into supply chain logistics, marketing tactics, and accounting figures. And that's the key.\nWhen it's about more than just profits, women sign up. Last year, the New York Times published an article about efforts to enroll more women in engineering programs, another field struggling with gender inequality. The conclusion? \"If the content of the work itself is made more societally meaningful, women will enroll in droves\"(L. Nilsson).\nA Path Forward\nSo how do we go from dismally low numbers to \"droves\" in the entrepreneurship world? We tackle both societal and institutional barriers to social entrepreneurship. As educators and leaders, we must tell stories about successful social entrepreneurs, so that when someone says the term \"entrepreneur\" we are as likely to think of Sarah Kauss and her S'well bottle as Steve Jobs. As is the case in other fields struggling with inequalities, role models matter. It's very difficult to aspire to be an entrepreneur if young women don't see anyone in that role with whom they can identify.\nWe must also vote with our dollars - both as individual consumers and as leaders in our institutions. From staples like clothes, shoes and food to larger purchases like office furniture and catering contracts, there are companies with social missions that aren't too hard to find. And above all, we need to show girls that business skills are not just for careers in finance or the leadership track at a large corporation. Our young women want to solve societal problems, and business acumen is key to doing so effectively. Let's identify and cultivate leadership traits in our girls and teach them how business skills can help them make the world better for all of us.\nLadies First, the Dingman Center's commitment to increase the number of women involved in entrepreneurship programs, is based on this research. The initiative kicks off with several events and communication pieces from Oct. 24 - Nov 6.\nSara Herald is the Associate Director for Social Entrepreneurship at the Dingman Center for Entrepreneurship and an adjunct faculty member in the Department of Management and Organization at the University of Maryland's Robert H. Smith School of Business. Through courses and extracurricular programs, Sara works with students, faculty, and other stakeholders to promote the economic potential and social impact of triple-bottom-line businesses. This month the Dingman Center is launching Ladies First, a commitment to addressing the gender imbalance in entrepreneurship programs at our university. This post is based on her TedXHerndon talk, All the Social Ladies: Bridging the Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship. Sara can be reached at [email protected]." ]

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[ "Built on a handful of islands around Rialto (118 islands later on), Venice was first a hamlet amongst terre a fior’d’acqua and barene (stretches of mud that are regularly under water, depending on the tides)\nLe barene (terra anfibia) seen from above, green in summer but brown in autumn and wnter\nStarting with salt gardens amongst nothing else but water and a few islands permanently above water, as part of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire, it developed close commercial relatioships with Bisanzio and the Middle East, trading everything for what it had – fine and coarse salt.\nBy aptly marketing itself (–> the word furbizia developed from here, being able to arrange oneself with the world and sometimes dire circumstances in one’s life), the merchants of Venice traded and intermediated all kinds of goods, luxury and not; and they collected a lot of know-how from the east and its ever-traveling merchants. This know-how helped build a commercial empire and political clout that was even strenghtened at the times of the first crociate – the crusades, when Venice provided in its arsenal – the Venetian word became a mainstream expression – the ships the European monarchs needed to get their troups across to the Holy Land.\nIl Leone di San Marco with open book, that means Venice is not engaged in a war\nIn any case, Venice cuisine developed from the local garden herbs, vegetables, fish and ducks from the lagoon, and on the other hand, from the sophisticated spices that Venetian merchants brought back from their voyages. But Venetians not only re-sold these spices – they elaborated on them, creating their own mixtures (i sacchetti veneziani spice mixtures). In some noble and merchant families, we can find libraries full of these treasures.\nThe Canal Grande where many of these nobles and merchants trading in spice lived\nVenice soon opened embassies and trade posts all over the World know then. For this reason, and because Venice people have always been open and curious, many people who could or would not find home elsewhere, settled in the lagoon. Many minority population groups flourished in the lagoon, such as the Greek, Albanian, Armenian and Jewish communities. Many countries held trading posts and opened embassies in Venice, like the Germans and the Turks.\nThe Church of the Greek Community in Venice: San Giorgio dei Greci Campo Ghetto Vecchio – here lives the Jewish community Fondaco dei Turchi – trading post of the Turks on the Canal Grande\nThe foreign guests in the Lagoon also brought with them their culinary treasures, with the result that curious Venetians integrated these traditions into their own cooking habits.\nWhat has come out is a melting pot and bridge of tastes and scents of the East, unique in Europe, but mostly unknown to most of us nowadays.\nLe barene and the island of Torcello on the left\nOn this website, we aim to gradually explore and divulge bits and pieces of this rich culinary heritage, by providing some hints on the ingredients, cooking recommendations and by indicating where one can taste these unique recipes when visiting Venice and its lagoon." ]

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[ "Washington, D.C. (PRWEB) October 13, 2015\nThe American Institutes for Research (AIR) developed a collection of guides and online training for college campus health staff caring for students who have experienced sexual assault and other trauma. The toolkit, funded by the U.S. Department of Education, was recently released by the White House during the Violence Against Women Act's 21st anniversary.\nAIR developed the Safe Place toolkit in response to increasing reports of campus sexual assault. The American Association of American Universities found that about a quarter of undergraduate women report being the victim of sexual assault or misconduct since beginning college. Previous studies suggest roughly one in five women nationally is sexually assaulted while in college.\n“Ensuring campus health center staff—from receptionists to clinicians—use trauma-sensitive approaches is key to providing the best care for students who have gone through sexual abuse and other traumatic events,” said David Osher, AIR vice president and principal investigator for AIR’s National Center for Safe, Supportive Learning Environment (NCSSLE). “If they don’t, these students can be re-traumatized or take longer to recover.”\nSafe Place is designed for campus health staff of all levels, including managers, receptionists, clinicians and volunteers. Resources include basic training in trauma and trauma-sensitive care; guidance on policies; and how to implement training for staff in various roles.\nThe toolkit is part of a diverse library of materials commissioned by the White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault to help colleges create campus-wide plans to address sexual assault at their institutions. It can be found at http://safesupportivelearning.ed.gov/Trauma-Sensitive-Campus-Health-Centers.\nEstablished in 1946, with headquarters in Washington, D.C., the American Institutes for Research (AIR) is a nonpartisan, not-for-profit organization that conducts behavioral and social science research and delivers technical assistance both domestically and internationally in the areas of health, education, and workforce productivity. For more information, visit http://www.air.org." ]

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[ "By James M. Tolle\nA miracle, as the term is used in the Bible, is an act of God superseding or suspending a natural law. It must not be confused with a work of nature, which is an effect resulting from a natural law of God; neither should it be confused with a work of providence, which is an effect produced by a special act of God through natural means. An example of the working of natural laws is the birth of children resulting from the physical union of men and women. The birth of Samuel, the prophet, in answer to his mother Hannah’s prayer is an instance of natural laws being used in the providential working of God. See 1 Samuel 1:1-20. The virgin birth of Jesus is an example of the performance of a miracle, in that it was an act of God superseding the natural laws pertaining to biological birth.\nIt is not the purpose of this booklet to present evidence in favor of the reliability and validity of the miracles recorded in the Bible. The writer assumes that the readers firmly believe in these miracles. But this study does purpose to answer in the light of Bible revelation the pertinent question: Have miracles ceased?\nThere are countless numbers of people in the world today, representing many religious organizations, who claim to believe that miracles are currently being performed by the power of God. By various forms of communication reaching a large section of the population – in newspapers and magazines, over radio and television, and in books and pamphlets – men are making bold and blatant assertions that God is performing miracles through them in such acts as healing the sick, speaking in tongues, preaching by direct inspiration, seeing visions, and raising the dead. Let us carefully search the scriptures to find out whether or not these claims are worthy of acceptance by rational, reverent Bible believers.\nIn order to understand the New Testament teaching on the subject of miracles, it is necessary to learn the various measures in the operation of the Holy Spirit; for it is only through the Spirit’s influence that individuals have been able to perform miracles by the power of God. The different measures of the Spirit will be presented as this discussion is developed.\nTHE LORD’S MIRACLES\nJesus, the Son of God, was endowed with the Spirit to an unlimited extent. “For he whom God hath sent speaketh the words of God: for he giveth not the Spirit by measure. The Father loveth the Son, and hath given all things into his hand” (John 3:34,35).\nAll the miracles of Jesus (whether miracles such as healing the sick or the miracle of inspiration) were performed through the influence of the Holy Spirit. In Luke 4:18,19 Jesus applies to Himself a passage from the book of Isaiah, a prophecy which sets forth the power of the Spirit in His life: “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, Because he anointed me to preach good tidings to the poor: He hath sent me to proclaim release to the captives, And recovering the sight of the blind, To set at liberty them that are bruised, To proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord.” Further Bible citations declaring the power of the Spirit in the miraculous works of Jesus are the following: “And Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit into Galilee: and a fame went out concerning him through all the region round about” (Luke 4:14), “Behold, my servant whom I have chosen; My beloved in whom my soul is well pleased: I will put my Spirit upon him, and he shall declare judgment to the Gentiles (Matthew 12:18), and “But if I by the Spirit of God cast out demons, then is the kingdom of God come upon you” (Matthew 12:28). Cf. Matthew 4:1. Since Jesus received the Spirit without limit, His power in the performance of miracles was unlimited.\nThe basic purpose of the Lord’s miracles is expressed in John 20:30,31: “Many other signs therfore did Jesus in the presence of the disciples, which are not written in this book: but these are written, that ye may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing ye may have life in his name.” John affirms ion this passage that the miracles of Jesus prove Him to be the son of God. Cf. John 3:2 and Acts 2:22.\nBefore the New Testament was written, it was necessary that men believe in Christ on the basis of verbal teaching concerning His miracles (thus the significance of the apostles’ preaching, which we shall consider in the next phase of this study.) But now that the New Testament has been completely written, the basis of belief in Jesus as the Christ, the Son of God, are the signs or miracles performed by Jesus which are written, even as John affirms. Men today are to believe in Christ because of His miracles which are recorded in the New Testament. Those who believe that Christ’s glory and divinity cannot be upheld today without the current performance of miracles deny the validity of John 20:30,31.\nTHE APOSTLES MIRACLES\nAmong the last words Jesus said to the apostles before His ascension into heaven were: “For John indeed baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized in the Holy Spirit not many days hence” (Acts 1:5). The fulfillment of this promise is recorded in the second chapter of Acts. The baptismal measure of the Holy Spirit gave the apostles power to perform various miracles: speaking in tongues (Acts 2:4), healing the sick (Acts 3:6-8), raising the dead (Acts 9:36-41), preaching by direct inspiration (John 14:26), etc. See Acts 1:8; 5:12.\nWith very few exceptions, modern miracle workers maintain that they have been baptized in the Holy Spirit. If they are right in this, then they have the same power received by the apostles: speaking in tongues, raising the dead, etc. But why is it that these claimant miracle workers when going to a foreign country must study the local language in order to communicate with the inhabitants? Surely, if they have been baptized in the Holy Spirit, they should have the same power as enjoyed by the apostles in being able to speak in tongues not previously learned. Carefully read Acts 2:4-11. Furthermore, why must these wonder workers read and study the Bible in order to know anything about what it teaches? Obviously, if they have been baptized in the Holy Spirit, they should be able to express “all truth” (as did the apostles) without the necessity of any precious Bible study whatever.\nThe failure of the modern miracle workers to duplicate the miracles of the apostles is indisputable proof that they have not received the baptismal measure of the Holy Spirit. And, in fact, no man living in the world today has been baptized in the Holy Spirit. Paul, writing to the Ephesian saints in about A.D. 64, several years after the administration of Holy Spirit baptism to the apostles, said, “There is… one baptism” (Ephesians 4:4,5). That this one baptism is water baptism is plainly evident in consideration of the following facts: the entirety of the present dispensation, men are to administer the baptism ordained in this commission, and the only baptism administered by men as recorded in the New Testament is water baptism. Read Matthew 28:18-20 and Acts 8:36-39. Holy Spirit baptism was promised in Matthew 3:11, but according to this passage the Savior was to administer it, not men. Thus Holy Spirit baptism cannot be the baptism of the great commission. The administration of baptism in the Spirit occurred many years before Paul declared, “There is one baptism.” But at the time of this writing the great commission was in force, and will be until the end of time; and the only baptism enjoined therein is water baptism. (1)\nWhen the apostles began their work in leading souls to Christ, there was not in existence a written New Testament from which they could preach. According to the promise of Jesus, they were enabled to proclaim the gospel by direct inspiration of the Holy Spirit: “But the Comforter, even the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all that I said unto you” (John 14:26). “Howebeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he shall guide you into all truth…” (John 16:13). The reader will observe that the apostles were to be guided by the Spirit into all the truth. This complete truth which they preached was eventually put in writing to compose the books of the New Testament, the last book having been written by time of the death of the apostle John in approximately A.D. 96.\nModern miracle workers who maintain that they are divinely inspired in their preaching, who claim to receive new revelation by the Holy Spirit, deny that the promise Jesus made to guide His apostles into all the truth by inspiration of the Holy Spirit has been fulfilled. They deny the all-sufficiency of the holy scriptures, thus making a lie out of such passages as 2 Timothy 3:16,17 and 1 Corinthians 4:6. They deny the truth expressed by 2 Peter 1:3, “Seeing that his divine power hath granted unto us all things that pertain unto life and godliness, through the knowledge of him that called us by his own glory and virtue.”\nThe apostles in preaching all the truth necessarily proclaimed the miracles of Jesus, as well as His perfect life and sacrificial death, for example, Peter in Acts 2:22; 10:38. But the mere fact they faithfully preached the miraculous works of the Lord would not alone prove to unbelievers that their testimony was true. Their word alone was not sufficient to prove to the satisfaction of intelligent men that their commission to preach was from the Son of God and that the message they presented was of divine origin; hence, it was necessary that they perform miracles to confirm their preaching. Carefully note Hebrews 2:3,4: “How shall we escape, if we neglect so great a salvation? which having at first been spoken through the Lord, was confirmed unto us by them that heard; God also bearing witness with them, both by signs and wonders, and by maniforl powers, and by gifts of the Holy Spirit, according to his own will.” The reference here to “them that heard” is the apostles. See 1 John 1:1. The message of the apostles was confirmed, as teh writer of Hebrews affirms, by the miracles they performed. In other words, these miracles proved to unbelievers that the apostle’s message was divine in origin and that the claims they made to substantiate the Lord’s miracles were reliable.\nNot only were the apostles’ miracles intended to confirm the word of God to those who received their verbal teaching but also to those of all subsequent ages who would read the New Testament. The word confirm, is defined by Webster as meaning “to make firm, to establish, to give certainty, to verify, to corroborate.” Those who believe that miracles are still in force deny that the apostles’ miracles were sufficient in confirming the divine word. But with the New Testament completely written at the death of John, fully confirmed by the miracles of the apostles, the Lord’s word was established, verified, corroborated, and made firm for all generations to follow. Miracles ended with the passing of the last apostle.\n1) Those who teach that men today are baptized in the Holy Spirit offer as a proof text 1 Corinthians 12:13, “For in one Spirit were we all baptized into one body…” If this passage affirms that Holy Spirit baptism is still in force, then we must conclude that there are two baptisms applicable today: Holy Spirit and water. This would make false the plain statement of Ephesians 4:4,5: “There is … one baptism.” H.A.W. Meyer has translated 1 Corinthians 12:13: “For by means of one Spirit we were all baptized into one body…” “In one Spirit” or “by means of one Spirit” obviously refers to the direction and influence of the Holy Spirit. When individuals are baptized in water (the one baptism) in obedience to apostolic precept, they are acting under the guidance, direction, and influence of the Holy Spirit, who directly endowed the apostles with the gospel message. Read John 14:26 in connection with Acts 2:38. Cf. Ephesians 6:17 and Hebrews 4:12.\nDuring the early days of the church, while the apostles were still living and the written New Testament was in the formative stage, many Christians were endowed with special powers, called spiritual gifts in 1 Corinthians 12:1. These powers or miracles were necessary in sustaining the wrok of the church before the written New Testament was completed.\nIn 1 Corinthians 12:8-10 nine spiritual gifts are mentioned, including prophecy, tongues, and knowledge (supernatural). In the next chapter, verse 8, the writer states, “…but whether there be prophecies, they shall be done away; whether there be tongues, they shall cease; whether there be knowledge, it shall be done away.” Paul maintains in this passage that miracles would be done away. In the statement to follow, verses 9 and 10, he tells us when this would happen: “For we know in part, and we prophesy in part; but when that which is perfect is come, that which is in part shall be done away.” At the time Paul wrote the foregoing, the New Testament was in the process of being written. No one inspired man among the Christians to whom Paul is referring was endowed with all knowledge: but when the written New Testament (called by the apostle “that which is perfect” and designated in James 1:25 as “the perfect law of liberty”) was completed, then that which was in part (the various spiritual gifts mentioned in 1 Corinthians 12, including supernatural knowledge) was done away. The written New Testament now furnishes the church with everything essential for its members to acceptably serve God.\nIn the concluding verse of 1 Corinthians 13 Paul says, “But now abideth faith, hope, love, these threee; and the greatest of these is love.” After the nine spiritual gifts enumerated by the apostle were done away at the completion of the written New Testament, only faith, hope, and love were to abide, “These three.” Were miracles to be perpetual during the New Testament dispensation, Paul would have said, “But now abideth… these twelve” (the nine spiritual gifts plus faith, hope, and love).\nThe miraculous gifts received by various members of the early church, as well as the miracles of the apostles, were manifestations of the Holy Spirit. “Now there are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit…But to each one is given the manifestation of the Spirit to profit withal. For to one is given through the Spirit the word of wisdom; and to another the word of knowledge, according to the same Spirit, etc.” (1 Corinthians 12:4,7,8 ff), The particular measure of the Holy Spirit Paul is here describing was imparted by the laying on of the apostles’ hands.(2) Read Acts 8:17,18; 19:6; Romans 1:11; and 2 Timothy 1:6. The difference between this measure of the Spirit and the baptismal measure was mainly a matter of degree rather than of kind. Whereas the baptismal measure of the Spirit granted each apostle the power to perform all the miracles God worked through men, the laying-on-of-the apostles hands measure gave each person receiving it only limited miraculous power. See 1 Corinthians 12:8-11.\n2) The laying-on-of-the-apostles’ hands measure of the Holy Spirit is not to be confused with the normal indwelling measure of the Spirit received by the baptized believer. Every person who obeys the gospel, becoming a child of God, is immediately given the Holy Spirit by the Father. “… The Holy Spirit, whom God hath given to them that obey him” (Acts 5:32). “And because ye are sons, God sent forth the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying, Abba, Father” (Galatians 4:6). “Or know ye not that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit which is in you, which ye have from God?” (1 Corinthians 6:19). Cf. Acts 2:38; 2 Corinthians 13:14; and Galatians 5:16-26.\nThose who received the power of the Holy Spirit by the laying on of the apostles’ hands could not transfer it to others, for example, Philip, the evangelist, could work miracles, but he was incapable of imparting this power to others.(3) Read Acts 8:13-18. All miraculous power ended with the death of the apostles. The revelation of God was then full and complete in the written New Testament and miracles were no longer needed.\n3) The case of Ananias laying his hands on Saul of Tarsus is often referred to as justification of the perpetuity of miracles. The passage cited is Acts 9:17, “And Ananias departed, and entered into the house; and laying his hands on him said, Bother Saul, the Lord, even Jesus, who appeared unto thee in the way which thou camest, hath sent me, that thou mayest receive thy sight, and be filled with the Holy Spirit.” Acts 9:12 proves that the sole purpose of Ananias laying his hands on Saul was to restore his sight: “And he hath seeen a man named Ananias coming in, and laying his hands on him, that he might received his sight.” Ananias in baptizing Saul (Acts 9:18) made it possible for him to “be filled with the Holy Spirit,” for the Spirit is given to all those who obey the gospel. Cf. Acts 2:38.\nAll who set themselves forth as miracle workers must positively and plainly prove the power to work miracles or else be branded as imposters. Merely their vociferous assertions of the ability to heal the sick, raise the dead, speak in tongues, etc., do not prove to intelligent people that they have the power to perform genuine miracles. Those who truly respect God and His word readily follow the injunction of 1 John 4:1 in testing the claims of the modern miracle workers: “Beloved, believe not every spirit, but prove the spirits, whether they are of God; because many false prophets are gone out into the world.”\nWhen pressed for proof of actual miraculous power, the contemporary wonder workers invariably cease their boasting and assume an air or becoming modesty. They piously express reluctance in “showing off” their miraculous power. Quite to the contrary, the apostles never made a false show of humility by hiding their miracles. Observe 2 Corinthians 12:12, “Truly the signs of an apostle were wrought among you in all patience, by signs and wonders and mighty works.”(4) No man today can perform miracles by the power of God. The inability of all the modern workers of miracles to back their bold claims with real proof marks them as false prophets.\n4) Those today who boast of having the “signs of an apostle” in the working of miracles are exceedingly presumptuous. How can they have the signs of an apostle when they are not apostles? Can one rightfully wear the badge of a policeman who is not a policeman?\nAlready in this discussion we have learned that miracles passed away with the completion of the perfect law, the New Testament; and on this basis alone we can be sure that no man today can perform genuine miracles. But to even more emphatically understand that fact that miracles have ceased, let us observe the characteristics of New Testament miracles in contrast to the charlatanry that men today attempt to foist on the public as being miraculous.\n1. The miracles of the New Testament were convincing to non-believers as well as to believers.\nIn Acts 3:1-10 is recorded the story of Peter and John healing a lame man at the gate called Beautiful in Jerusalem. The news of this miracle was noised abroad in the city, being finally brought to the attention of the Sanhedrin. Acts 4:14-16 states, “And seeing the man that was healed standing with them, they could say nothing against it. But when they had commanded them to go aside out of the council, they conferred among themselves, saying, What shall we do to these men? for that indeed a notable miracle hath been wrought through them is manifest to all that dwell in Jerusalem; and we cannot deny it.” The entire city, unbelievers as well as believers, had to admit that a miracle had been performed by the apostles; and even the august Sanhedrin, whose members could hardly be charged with having a predilection toward the apostles, would not deny this miracle. But whom do the modern miracles convince? Skeptics like the members of the Sanhedrin? Not at all. Those who are convinced by these false miracles are only people who stubbornly hold to the idea, aside from the teaching of the Bible, that God is still working through miracles.\nReferring to the miracle of Peter in raising Dorcas from the dead, Acts 9:42 says, “And it became known throughtout all Joppa: and many believed on the Lord.” How widespread is the current news of a supposed instance of one being raised from the dead? Such news travels just about as far as the swaggering boasts of the imposter who claims to have worked such a miracle can reach among gullible people, and no farther! And how many intelligent, discriminating people believe on the Lord as the result of hearing the report of such a fraudulent miracle? Not a one!\n1 Corinthians 14:22 declares: “Wherefore tongues are for a sign, not to them that believe but to the unbelieving…” In the early days of the church when certain men were enabled to talk in foreign languages which they had never studied, such miraculous utterances were used to convince unbelievers that those so speaking labored under a divine commission. Surely, if an American were to speak in fluent German, a language which he had never studied he would convince many unbelievers of his ability to work miracles and therefore of his divine mission. But who can so speak today? None at all. The incoherent, nonsensical babbling of the modern tongue speakers convinces no one but the deluded believers in miracles. And when these speakers in tongues go as missionaries to a foreign land, they either learn the native language by dint of diligent study or they find themselves unable to communicate directly with the natives.\n2. The miracles of the New Testament involved circumstances completely ruling out the possibility that they were performed by trickery or that they were manifestations of natural laws.\nThe eleventh chapter of John presents the story of Jesus raising Lazarus from the dead. Verse 39 says, “…Martha, the sister of him that was dead saith unto him, Lord, by this time the body decayeth; for he hath been dead four days.” No one could justifiably accuse Jesus of using trickery or charlantanry in raising a body that had been in the tomb four days, in a decaying condition, which fact was known to the members of the dead man’s family and most of his friends. Lazarus was not in a trance nor alive under circumstances in which the heart beat could not be detected. He was plainly dead, and the only way he could come to life again was by miraculous power. Can anyone present a single authenticated case since apostolic days in which a person dead four days, in a decaying condition, has been brought back to life? Just one case? The fraudulent miracle workers, notwithstanding their brazen claims of having power to raise the dead, are absolutely helpless in the face of death.\nThe lame man healed by Peter and John, previously referred to, had been crippled from his mother’s womb (Acts 3:2), ruling out any possibility of his affliction having a psychosomatic basis and therefore curable by psychological means. His affliction was known to many unbiased observers; hence, it could not have been rigged by the apostles so that a fake cure could be facilitated which would leave the impression of a miracle being performed. His recovery was instantaneous and complete, ruling out any possibility of a cure being wrought by natural means.\nModern divine healers never actually present authenticated cures such as the foregoing. Their cures either involve cases of feigned affliction or those based on psychological disorders – but never genuine cases incurable by natural means!\nMatthew 12:10-14 relates the narrative of Jesus healing the man with a withered hand. Verse 13 states, “Then saith he to the man, Stretch forth thy hand. And he stretched it forth; and it was restored whole as the other.” A withered hand made whole and complete, just as the other, was within the scope of New Testament miracles as well as the healing of all other kinds of affliction. Read Matthew 9:35. Such an instance would not allow the remotest possibility of it being a feigned affliction so that a fraudulent cure could be presented; neither was there any way in which it could be healed by natural means. And, undoubtedly, the miraculous power that could make a withered hand whole could also restore missing eyes, ears, and limbs. See Luke 22:51. What man today has ever been able to restore missing members of the body: eyes, arms, hands, legs, feet, etc? The religious quacks and charlatans who pose as miracle workers are helpless in doing anything that involves a genuine miracle, such as the restoring of missing members of the body.(5)\nThe preceding comparison of New Testament miracles with the claimant miracles of the present day marks the latter as being fraudulent, unworthy of acceptance by intelligent, rational people who genuinely love and respect the work of God.\n5) Faith healers, when sorely pressed by this charge, try to escape personal blame for the failure of cures being wrought by accusing the afflicted ones with lacking the necessary faith for the manifestation of miraculous healing. But faith on the part of those afflicted and ill was not always necessary during Bible times for the working of a miraculous cure. The record of Mark 2 is silent about the paralytic who was healed by Jesus having personal faith. In fact, verse 5 in the context implies that it was the faith of the four men who brought the paralytic to Jesus which made it possible for him to be healed. Nothing is said about Malchus, the servant of the high priest, having faith in order for Jesus to heal the ear that had been cut off by Peter’s sword (Luke 25:50,51; John 18:10). How much faith did Lazarus have while he lay dead in the tomb? Yet, miraculous power raised him to life." ]

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[ "U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, South Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 159, Highway 3 West, Lane, OK 74555,\nRichard Hassell Clemson University, CREC, 2700 Savannah, Highway, Charleston, SC 29414, Amnon Levi U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414, Stephen R. King Vegetable Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, Xingping Zhang Syngenta Seeds, 21435 County Road 98, Woodland, CA 95695\nVegetable grafting began in the 1920s using resistant rootstock to control soilborne diseases. This process is now common in Asia, parts of Europe, and the Middle East. In Japan and Korea, most of the cucurbits and tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown are grafted. This practice is rare in the United States, and there have been few experiments to determine optimal grafting production practices for different geographical and climatic regions in America. This is beginning to change as a result of the phase out of methyl bromide. The U.S. cucurbit and tomato industries are evaluating grafting as a viable option for disease control. Because reports indicate that type of rootstock alters yield and quality attributes of the scion fruit, some seed companies are investigating grafting as a means to improve quality. It has been reported that pH, flavor, sugar, color, carotenoid content, and texture can be affected by grafting and the type of rootstock used. Reports vary on whether grafting effects are advantageous or deleterious, but it is usually agreed that the rootstock/scion combination must be carefully chosen for optimal fruit quality. Additionally, it is important to study rootstock/scion combinations under multiple climatic and geographic conditions because many rootstocks have optimal temperature and moisture ranges. This report gives an overview of the effect of grafting on vegetable quality." ]

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[ "Haplogroups: the branches of the Family Tree of Man, confusing, insightful, vague, a first step, ancient migration, exciting, uninteresting, always changing ... Haplogroup gets many descriptions - and they may be flattering - or not - depending on your perspective and experience. If your perspective isn't positive, you need to identify the source of your problem and address it - as your own Haplogroup information should be interesting, fun and maybe even useful.\nHaplogroups are the arbitrary labels for the branches of man as defined by our DNA. For a man - the y-Haplogroup is the branch of the family tree for his father's father's ... father's paternal line - as determined from information on his y-chromosome over the past 60,000 years. If he is of African heritage, he's probably A, B or E; if he's native American, he's most likely Q; if he's east Asian, he's probably O, C or D; and most Europeans are I, J or R. However, mankind has always been on the move - so you can find almost any haplogroup on any continent.\nIf you have been yDNA tested at 12 or more markers, you probably have a haplogroup estimate. Your haplogroup estimate may have a number of characters or it may be very short. The length is a reflection of the depth of knowledge that has been discerned about your branch and the confidence the estimator has to apply this knowledge to your estimate - based on your markers. Through the years, my haplogroup has gone from R1b to R1b to R1b1b2 when it was estimated. Te extra detail was due to more learning by the researchers finding and understanding more information.\nYou can change your Haplogroup definition from being an estimate to one that is based on actual testing. The basis for the Haplogroup definition is through the identification of mutations along the y-chromosome called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which occur once in 10s of 1000s of years in mankind and are inherited by the descendants of the man with the mutation. By testing the y-chromosome, these SNPs are being located and mapped into the branches of man. A number of the SNPs in your profile becomes the letters and numbers in your Haplogroup designation. We call these subdivisions \"clades\" and a \"Deep Clade\" test would be checking your profile for specific SNPs which would identify which branch you is yours - with more detail.\nMy current y-Haplogroup is based on testing and is R1b1b2a1b4c*. And - I am waiting for one or two more characters to be added at the end based on a new SNP found in my DNA." ]

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[ "Throwing and Catching\nPupils are shown the proper way to catch and throw a ball. In groups, they are given different sized balls at various targets. To end the lesson, they ues the techniques practiced to hit bowling pins with the various sized balls.\n3 Views 5 Downloads\nWatch Me Toss, Catch and Travel!\nThere are several days worth of activities in this mini unit. Take a look and then break it up to meet the needs of your class. There are activities to work on throwing and catching, and activities for moving like animals. There are some...\nK - 3rd Physical Education" ]

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[ "A ventricular assist device (VAD) helps the heart pump blood from one of the main pumping chambers to the rest of the body or to the other side of the heart.\nA tube will connect the pump to the patient’s heart. Another tube will connect the pump to the aorta or one of the other major arteries. Another tube will be passed through the skin to connect the pump to the controller and batteries.\nThe VAD will take blood from the ventricle through the tube that leads to the pump. Then the device will pump the blood back out to one of the arteries and through the patient’s body.\nA patient may need a VAD if he or she has severe heart failure that cannot be controlled with medicine, pacing devices, or other treatments. Some patients get this device while on a waiting list for a heart transplant.\nNot everyone with severe heart failure is a good candidate for this procedure.\nA VAD may help people who have heart failure live longer. It may also help improve patients’ quality of life." ]

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[ "Lag BaOmer: A Time of Celebration and Reflection\nAnd from the day on which you bring the sheaf of elevation offering (Omer) - the day after the Sabbath - you shall count off seven weeks. They must be complete: you must count until the day after the seventh week - fifty days; then you shall bring an offering of new grain ... (Leviticus 23: 15-16)\nMany of our Jewish holidays are based on the agricultural calendar of our ancestors, including the three pilgrimage festivals of Passover (Pesach), Shavuot and Sukkot. There is an interesting connection between Pesach and Shavuot when we count the Omer (a harvesting unit of measure), starting the second night of Pesach until Shavuot, essentially marking the time from the barley to the wheat harvest. As in all agrarian societies, if the weather pattern deviates, it can be disastrous for the community. This is a precarious time, when everyone prays for positive results. Since our ancestors saw this as a somber time, there are many prohibitions during this 49-day period, including no weddings, parties or haircuts.\nThe one exception during this solemn period is Lag BaOmer-the 33rd day of counting the Omer. \"Lag\" is from the Hebrew letters lamed and gimel. Lamed has a numerical equivalent to 30, and gimel has the numerical equivalent of 3-thus the 33rd day. There are different reasons given to explain why this date is special. One rationale is that the plague that brought about the death of thousands of Rabbi Akiva's students stopped on Lag BaOmer. The plague was supposedly due to their lack of respect for one another. There is also the claim that Lag BaOmer is the yahrzeit of one of Rabbi Akiva's most famous students-Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, who is said to have authored the mystical writings of the Zohar-the text of Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism). According to legend, Rabbi bar Yochai was so saintly that during his entire lifetime, no rainbows appeared. The rainbow is a sign of the covenant between God and creation, and since “rainbow” and “bow” both are translated as keshet in Hebrew, the bow and arrow are symbols used to recall Rabbi bar Yochai. In a commentary on Genesis, the great Torah scholar Rashi (1040-1105), explained that there were generations so righteous that they did not require a sign of the covenant. Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai's generation was among them.Thus, the holiday is seen almost as a tribute to scholars. It has become a day of celebration and joy amidst the mournful seven weeks surrounding it.\nAmong those who observe the somber days during the Omer, Lag BaOmer is a day of wedding celebrations. During the time of the counting of the Omer there are bans on parties, music and dancing, similar to the prohibitions for a person in mourning for a loved one. For those who wish to marry in the spring, this is the only day on which one can celebrate. Many Jews also do not cut their hair during this time period. Boys, at the age of 3, often have their first haircut on Lag BaOmer, with much festivity surrounding the event.\nLag BaOmer celebrations are generally outdoor adventures, including bonfires, fun and frolic with teaching. Especially in Israel, people young and old will be outside sharing a picnic and enjoying the beautiful day; school children celebrate with a \"field day.\" The bonfires lit in celebration are supposed to symbolize the light of Torah.\nHow can we honor and rejoice on Lag BaOmer? Take time to study a new Jewish text, learn a new ritual you can bring into the rhythm of your days, find a new idea that brings meaning to your life. Have a picnic with family and friends, and take time to appreciate all that surrounds you in the world. Celebrate all that Judaism brings to enrich your life." ]

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[ "What is a business?\nA business is an organised system where goods are traded for money, it can be a service or just selling goods. In a business you require a form of investment, it can't just come from no where it needs to meet specific conditions before you can start or else you will make no profit from your business.\nThings needed to start a business:\n>Good location (preferably one with high demand of product and services, little or no competing businesses and a high population)\n>Plan how you are going to run your business and compete against larger businesses and make your business stand out from others\n>Meeting customer demands and expectations\n>Chooses a target audience (Be very specific for who your target audience will be e.g. is it for men/women? is it for uder 16 year olds, is it for people with spotty skin?\nBusinesses can be privately owned, not-for-profit or state-owned. An example of a corporate business is PepsiCo, while a mom-and-pop catering business is a private enterprise.\nRead more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/business.html#ixzz34Pvfp8gi" ]

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[ "Posted on Oct 10, 2011\nPandeiro, when translated literally, means tambourine. Like the common orchestral tambourine, it is a frame drum with a head on one side and jingles all around the frame. There are, however, some very important differences between the two instruments.\nThe head of the pandeiro is traditionally made of animal skin, such as goat- or calf-skin, but can also be made using a synthetic head. The pitch of the drum can be changed by using pressure from the player’s finger on the head itself: pressing into the head will raise the pitch, and releasing the head will lower it. The specific tuning of the open drum varies based on the preference of the musician playing the instrument, the size of the drum, and the style of music being played. It is the pitch changes in conjunction with the jingles that create the traditional sound and rhythms of the pandeiro. On the other hand, the orchestral tambourine is typically factory-tuned and does not leave the performer an option to change the tuning himself. The head in this case acts more as a resonator for the sound of the jingles, and the performer does not want to hear the sound of the drum head as much as the sound of the jingles.\nThe pandeiro’s frame is generally thinner than the tambourine’s frame. Both are made of wood (though some can be made of plastic, synthetic material, or metal) and hold the jingles in place. For both instruments, the frame is what the player holds while playing the instrument. The thinner frame of the pandeiro allows the performer to use his fingers to change the pitch of the drum while playing. On the pandeiro, this is also where the player can tune the head, adjusting the tension of the rods which hold the head in place.\nThe jingles are what give the pandeiro its crisp sound and create the most easily recognizable difference between the pandeiro and the orchestral tambourine. Tambourines can be found with either one or two rows of jingles, whereas pandeiros always have one row. They are mounted around the frame of the drum, held fast by a nail or a rod. On the pandeiro, the jingles are attached so that the edges of the jingles touch each other, keeping them from vibrating for a long time. The tambourine is set up with the jingles in the opposite direction, giving the tambourine a much louder, fuller sound.\nThe following video is from pandeiro.com, a great resource for anyone interested in this instrument. They have more videos of great pandeiristas, biographies, news and events from around the world, and of course a store from which you can buy instruments, CDs, accessories, and much more.\nIn this video Mestre Jorginho do Pandeiro is demonstrating a solo in Rio de Janeiro, recorded in 2001. Listen to the crispness of the jingles and the deep tuning of the drum.\nAnd for contrast, this video demonstrates the use and the sound of the orchestral tambourine. This is an excerpt from Berlioz’s “Romeo and Juliet” performed by the Asturias Symphony Orchestra. Notice the different sound of the jingles, the lack of pitch from the head, and the different playing style." ]

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[ "Rabbi David Walk\nGrowing up in the American Northeast, I always rooted for the North, whether it was an athletic event or the Civil War. The North always represented the good guys to me. Also, during the fight for Civil Rights during the late fifties and into the sixties, the south just appeared to me as the bad guys. Plus, they talk too slow. So, it was with great chagrin that I discovered that Jewish tradition seems to feel the exact opposite. The North represents evil and trouble, while the South tends to appear more benign. This idea appears many times in our Tanach, but is most forcefully and clearly expressed in this week's Haftorah.\nAccording to Jewish tradition, we recite a Haftorah based upon that week's Torah reading until the three Shabbatot before Tisha B'av. From then until after the High Holidays, there are ten Haftorot which are connected to the season, rather than to the week's Torah topic. The first three are warnings of dire events, and the last seven are poetic expressions of comfort and consolation. That yearly cycle begins this week. The first up is the beginning of the book of Jeremiah, and describes his initiation as a prophet. It wasn't easy. He is told that he must inform the Jews of impending doom, namely the destruction of the southern\nSo, what's so bad about the North? Historically, disasters came from enemies who actually did attack from the North. In Isaiah's time the Assyrian Empire swarmed down from the north to destroy the\nBut our sages didn't discuss this issue from a geographic or historical perspective. They discussed a symbolic negativity of the North. The four Hebrew words for the compass directions are very descriptive. East is where the sun first shines and is called Mizrach, shines. West is where night falls and is called Ma'arav, evening. South is desert, and is called\nThere's another reason given for why the North is negative. In the ancient world maps weren't arranged with North at the top. East was at the top. People woke up in the morning and figured their day's travel direction by looking east, or orienting themselves by the rising sun. You get your orientation by facing the orient or east. Okay, so, when I look East, the North is on my left. We don't like the left side, because it represents judgment and trouble. The right side represents compassion; the left harsh justice. Our punishments, therefore, come out of the North. Isn't it ironic that in baseball and boxing, southpaws are lefties. In Judaism, they'd be northpaws. Apparently this is because baseball diamonds faced east so that the afternoon sun wouldn't be in the batter's eyes, therefore the pitcher is facing west, with his left hand on his south side. Now that's a cool piece of trivia.\nThere's one other approach which I saw for the first time recently, based on a statement in the book of Job. The verse states: Gold sparkles from the north (Job 37:22). The Northern climes tend to be the home of the wealthy countries. In our present time all members of the G8, or wealthiest eight countries on earth, are situated further North than\nOne last idea from the Magid of Mezeritch (Rav Dov Ber, 1700-1772). The North isn't evil; it's a challenge. The North, like its Hebrew name tzafon, represents important, hidden things. The hidden item is reverence for God, and it's buried in the heart of every human. The threats from the North are to remind us to mine this most precious commodity. The menace of the cold and mysterious can't harm us if we put our faith in God's protection. It's when we are enticed to succumb to the allure or power of these threats that we are imperiled.\nSo, I believe that the message of Jeremiah is to resist the dangers represented by northern attackers, and remember that our salvation comes though God, Torah and morality. When we learn that lesson, we have uncovered the golden truth.\nYou can subscribe to Rabbi Walk's weekly articles at [email protected]" ]

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[ "Tokyo 2020 Medals Are Made From Recycled Cell Phones\nThe Tokyo Olympics in 2020 are noteworthy for their addition of sports like skateboarding, but that's not the only innovation. The medals given to winning athletes will be made from recycled electronics like cell phones.\n\"We hope that our project to recycle small consumer electronics and our efforts to contribute to an environmentally friendly and sustainable society will become a legacy of the Tokyo 2020 Games.\" https://t.co/37lojYgfG7\n— VICE Asia (@viceasia) July 29, 2019\nCompetition medals are hardly just chunks of gold, silver and bronze. The last Summer Olympics, held in Rio de Janeiro in 2016, featured gold medals made without the use of mercury and with strict mining regulations to promote ethical sourcing. The silver and bronze medals were both made with 30 percent recycled materials, and the ribbons were made with recycled plastic bottles.\nIn 2010, the Vancouver Winter Olympics officials used recycled electronics ranging from TV's, computers and more to source materials for the competition medals.\nThe use of recycled electronics is a unique thing for the 21st Century. We as a society are so focused on the next big thing that the previous next big thing tends to sit in a drawer at home or end up in a landfill. So, to not only eliminate waste but use the discarded products for one of the most coveted items in the world is downright fascinating.\nAccording to the Tokyo 2020 website, the mobile phones and small electronic devices were collected between April 1, 2017 and March 31, 2019. This collection yielded about 6.21 million used phones, weighing approximately 78,895 tons. That included about 70 lb. of gold, 7,716 lb. of silver and 4,850 lb. of bronze. The Japanese government will further recycle any materials that aren't used for the medals, according to Popular Mechanics.\n\"We hope that our project to recycle small consumer electronics and our efforts to contribute to an environmentally friendly and sustainable society will become a legacy of the Tokyo 2020 Games, the Tokyo 2020 organization said in a statement to CNet.\nIn a world that's increasingly concerned with mankind's impact on the environment and how we source our consumer goods, carrying out such a successful and innovative project on one of the world's largest stages is commendable to say the least. It can serve as a teaching moment for some countries who might lag behind current environmental efforts, and prove to others the powers of recycling and limiting waste.\nBeyond that, it's a cool idea for an awards program. If you can find promotional awards made in a similar manner, it'd be a nice sales opportunity for nonprofits or any other clients that count environmental issues among their core values." ]

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[ "“Never doubt that a small group of concerned and committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, that’s the only thing that ever has.”Margaret Mead\nfinding out about Maine’s diverse wildlife\nProjects with a strong sense of place are deeply rooted in the relationship between a community and the specific physical environment it inhabits. For students, that means that the more they study a particular place, the deeper the connection becomes. Exploring the lives of the wildlife species from Maine can emphasize the interconnectedness between the environment and human communities. When students learn about the challenges that a particular species is facing, they can develop emotional bonds that foster a positive sense of place.\nMaine provides a habitat for diverse wildlife species and many ways to learn more about them. Maine has over 58 species of mammals and over 290 species of birds! The Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife enhances wildlife habitats and owns over 60 wildlife management areas that total over 106,000 acres. They also acquire land to protect wildlife while allowing access to hunting, trapping, and wildlife watching. A great spot to see Maine’s species up close is the Maine Wildlife Park located in Gray, Maine. Here you are guaranteed to see moose up close and more animals in a day than you could ever spot in the wild! The park is home to over 30 animals native to Maine that cannot be returned to their natural habitats for various reasons.\nIf you cannot get out to visit places like the Maine Wildlife Park, there are people who will bring some wildlife to you! The Chewonki Traveling Natural History Program educators take natural history lessons, often including live animals, to schools, libraries, and other community settings across Maine. Local shelters and farms are a great resource as well. To make things even simpler, you can go outside and look for insects or do some bird watching. Science teachers are a great resource for learning about wildlife and their habitats, and pairing the arts with the sciences is like putting on a glove.\nSome of the best student drawings that I have seen came from my time working as a museum educator for the L.C. Bates Museum in Hinckley, Maine. One of the programs included taking small groups of students of every age to visit the pond to catch frogs and other freshwater creatures. The students would swoop them up with a net and place them into clear containers for identification and education. In a world where kids spend more time on the computer and less time outdoors, this program was like taking a trip back in time to when kids wearing overalls would run and scamper around and find complete joy in catching and then releasing a pond critter. For my summer art camp, I had the students draw the frogs as they posed for us in the clear boxes, and the results were incredible and fun. This job taught me the real power of connecting the arts with the sciences and how to inspire students to become passionate and engage with nature in a personal and meaningful way.\nWhen it comes to Maine’s wild creatures and art, one Maine artist stands out with his sculptures made of natural and often repurposed materials: Bernard Langlais.\nLanglais is a sculptor from Old Town, Maine. The combination of his childhood influences growing up in Old Town and the renovation of his summer cottage in Cushing, Maine, resulted in Langlais’ love affair with scraps of old wood, which he arranged to create his sculptures and reliefs. He termed the process “painting with wood,” These reliefs became famous in the New York art scene in the sixties.\nNew York, however, didn’t hold Langlais’ heart; it was Maine where he found his creativity nourished, and he could work on a larger scale. If you visit Skowhegan, you will find his seventy-foot-tall Indian and a few other pieces installed throughout the town. A Langlais art trail pinpoints the exact location of his works spread around parts of Maine.\nLanglais created massive works that represent the animal kingdom’s personality and inner strength. Interestingly, he identified with lions, and some of these works might be a kind of self-portrait. Not only did his old farmhouse inspire his love of repurposed materials, but his yard, too, became a garden that seemed to grow sculptures rather than vegetables. Langlais’ subjects from the animal kingdom are not always native to Maine, yet these sculptures look like they have existed in the state for years. One could almost imagine that an elephant or a monkey could easily be a local treasure as much as a moose. Langlais’ use of found materials from within the state is a big part of the “Maineness” of his work, and I can’t help but feel that his love of Maine and his sense of place somehow shine through each piece art.\nLanglais stated that “I feel a sense of oneness with the state.” conveying the artist’s search for deep connections to his environment and his passion for fusing art and place. It is fitting that today Langlais’ property is a public sculpture park and nature preserve thanks to a partnership among the Colby Museum, the Kohler Foundation, and the Georges River Land Trust. If it is possible, taking a road trip to follow the art trail to see his sculptures in the wild or to visit the Langlais Sculpture Preserve will surely intensify your sense of place.\nWILDLIFE Relief art LESSON\n1. Choose your Maine Species\nAfter you do some research on your Maine species, find a picture that you would like to translate into a relief. In this example, my kids chose to do their pets, but in the classroom, think about the animals that we share our habitats within our state or community. I have included a few options in the photos below.\nThis is a perfect opportunity to use some recycled materials and found objects.\nCardboard (include one large piece for the base)\nSomething to add color\n3. Glue and Secure your Shapes.\nThe picture above is an example of our dog, Cyrus. Connor liked to glue each shape as he cut it out. Some people like to arrange everything first. Maybe a combination of the two methods is best.\n2. Cut your shapes and build your layers\nAs you start to cut out your shapes, remember that your animal needs to rise out of the base. How far out do you want your animal to go? How can you manipulate the cardboard to get more texture into your work? Try out different combinations until you get your perfect look. Do you want to build just a head or a whole body and a habitat?\n4. How do you want to finish your relief?\nBernard Langlais liked the natural state of the materials he used, and he used little paint. In fact, he even factored in that some of the materials would change as they were exposed to the elements over time. Meghan made a very simple but sweet version of our bird KK, and you can see how this project could be adapted for many age groups and skill levels. Working at the L.C. Bates Museum, I learned that the more the students were taught about a particular species, the more they enhanced their artwork.\nThis lesson was created in partnership with Waterville Creates Art Kits for All program.\nCommunity connection: Winter Homes for Cats\nWhen it comes to helping our neighborhood wildlife, there is no shortage of options to explore. My high school students are extremely passionate about this subject. In fact, incorporating stories about animals is a great tool to keep them engaged. This year we had a discussion about the stray cats in Waterville. One thing led to another, and we ended up contacting the Waterville Area Humane Shelter and came up with a plan to make winter cat shelters. The students all researched the project and wrote stories about their personal experiences with stray cats in their neighborhoods. The Humane Society posted the project on their Facebook page, and soon we had all of the necessary supplies donated so that we could get to work building. This community project was more practical than fine art, but it was an amazing success. We were even featured on the local radio, and a TV news channel ran a student interview on the project.\nIf you are interested in helping to save some of Maine’s wildlife species, please visit https://ifw.citizenscience.maine.gov for more information to get involved.\nArt Kits For All is a project created in response to the COVID-19 pandemic as a partnership sponsored by Waterville Creates and Colby College Museum of Art. It brought together a core group of Waterville art teachers and local groups like the Family Violence Project with other volunteers who help bring art to the community throughout the lockdowns and continues to this day. As part of this project, I took my children to visit the Langlais Sculpture Preserve, and created a video to accompany this art project that was included in the skits. I have included my video in this section to help to inspire one type of art project adapted by any age group to create artwork inspired by this fantastic Maine artist." ]

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[ "Learn how to build a home lab for VMware vSphere 6.x to reproduce the training environment and run course labs.\nBefore virtualization, I had many computers around my house that required maintenance, upgrading, replacement, etc., as well as the power to run all of the equipment. This was very time-consuming and expensive. In 1999, I began using VMware Workstation 2.0 to create virtual machines (VMs) to study NetWare, NT 4.0, Windows 2000, etc. Since that time, I have used it in all of my studies and reduced my lab equipment to two computers, a server in the office, and a laptop I use when traveling. Originally, ESX/ESXi didn’t run in a VM, requiring more hardware to study and learn ESX(i). Beginning with ESX 3.5 and Workstation 6.5.2, it is possible to virtualize ESX(i) in a Workstation VM (or inside a vSphere server, for that matter, but we won’t be discussing that in this white paper), although this is not supported. It is possible to run ESXi 6.x inside of ESXi 6.x, Fusion 7, or VMware Workstation 11 or higher. In fact, VMware and Global Knowledge teach their vSphere 6 courses in this manner: ESXi servers needed for class run as VMs on ESXi hosts, which works well, but requires a dedicated machine. This is often possible in a business setting, but may be difficult for the small business or others where spare hardware is not available. Hence, this white paper will discuss how to use Workstation 14 or Fusion 10 (or higher) to create the hosted environment.\nI often get asked by my students how to (relatively) inexpensively set up this kind of lab for study after class, and the result is this white paper. When specific vendors are mentioned, it is not an endorsement, but rather an example of something that meets the recommended specifications.\nThis white paper is broken down into three major sections; the first and most detailed is about the hardware required, the second is about the VMware Workstation configuration, and the third is about installing vSphere 6.x and vCenter (vC) 6.x. Note that this white paper is not intended to be an in-depth review of how to install and configure vSphere as that is taught in the VMware classes and a VMware class is required for certification.\nThe biggest question is whether to build your lab at a stationary location, such as your home or on a spare server at work, or whether it needs to be portable. In many cases, a stationary configuration is sufficient, so the desktop/server route works well and is usually less expensive. If you need to do demonstrations for customers, study at multiple locations, etc., then a laptop configuration may work better for you, though it will probably cost more.\nAs far as minimum CPU requirements are concerned, you’ll need at least two cores (or CPUs) to be able to install ESXi and/or VC, but this will be very slow. I suggest a minimum of four cores (or CPUs, preferably hyperthreaded) so there is enough CPU power to run the VMs and the host operating system (OS). Eight or more cores work well. If you’re planning on creating and using I/O-intensive VMs, and/or running many VMs, and/or doing a lot on the host OS while VMs are running, you should consider at least 12 cores. Remember that ESXi 6 (vSphere 6) requires 64-bit-capable CPUs to run, so be sure to purchase 64-bit-capable CPUs with either Intel VT or AMD-V support (both physically on the CPU and enabled in the BIOS)." ]

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[ "It’s so much bigger than the whale… or the fish… or whatever!\nYet for hundreds of years people have argued about whether or not the story of Jonah even belongs in the Bible — because they couldn’t get past the whale.\nIt’s just a distraction really\nBut as the argument goes: Scientifically speaking, it’s not possible for a man to be swallowed by a whale and live to tell about it. No species of whale has ever been discovered, in which a human being could live for three days. So, supposedly, it must be an allegory or a fable, or it discredits the whole of Scripture.\nOf course, the Bible doesn’t say Jonah was swallowed by a whale. It says “the Lord prepared” — as in specifically designed for this purpose — “a great fish” (Jonah 1:17). Well, “fish” is the scientifc term our modern English Bible translators choose to use. In the original Greek, it actually says that God sent a “a great sea monster”!\nSo — if you believe in a supernatural God — it’s entirely possible that Jonah did survive three days inside the specially prepared sea monster. It’s also possible that he didn’t “survive” in the traditional sense. That he actually died, and was raised from the dead when he was spit out on the sand.\nJesus told His disciples that the sign that He was the Messiah was “the sign of Jonah”: “For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of a huge fish, so the Son of Man will be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.”(See Matthew 12:38-40) It was on the third day that Jesus was raised from the dead in power and glory.\nAnd that’s really the point of the whole story. Not the whale or the fish or whatever. The sea creature was just what God used to save Jonah. (Not punish him, but save him!) To get his attention. To keep him from running off again, while they had a little heart-to-heart.\nMercy is what the story is about. Forgiveness. Redemption. Resurrection. New life.\nYou see it everywhere, all over the place — in every chapter. In what happened to Jonah. What happened to the sailors. What happened to the people of Ninevah. What it says about God and His heart toward us and our world today.\nGod saves whoever He wants to save. Who He wants to save — and the ways He goes about saving them — will forever amaze us. We can’t even begin to comprehend the depths of His love and compassion.\nThere’s a wideness in God’s mercy,\nLike the wideness of the sea;\nThere’s a kindness in His justice,\nWhich is more than liberty.\nThere is no place where earth’s sorrows\nAre more felt than up in Heaven;\nThere is no place where earth’s failings\nHave such kindly judgment given.\nThere is welcome for the sinner,\nAnd more graces for the good;\nThere is mercy with the Savior;\nThere is healing in His blood.\n~ Frederick W. Faber, 1854\nAs I learn more and more about God’s mercy and grace, I find that’s where I want my focus to be. Looking to Him, learning from Him, leaning on Him.\nAs I go about my daily life, I want to learn to tune out the distractions and keep my eyes open for the True story unfolding in front of me.\nI’d also like to avoid putting myself in a situation where God has to get my attention by inventing a whole new kind of hideous beastie just for me.\nBut we’ll talk more about that next week! :)\nRemember this week’s Virtual VBS for GrownUp Girls Assignment:\nRead: Jonah 1-4.\nStarting next week we’ll focus on one chapter at a time, but this week let’s get the big picture. Take fifteen minutes to read the book straight through. Jot down any questions you have as you read, notes on anything new to you. For more Bible study tips, see Five Simple Ways to Focus on the Words You Read.\nMemorize: Psalm 139:23-24\nExtras: You can download flashcards I made for all of our memory verses for free here: VBS 2014 Memory Verse Printables. (Print them on cardstock or tape them onto file cards for more durability!) There’s also a Virtual VBS Cover Photo you’re welcome to use on Facebook and lots of good stuff on Pinterest too!" ]

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[ "A semla (pl. semlor), or fastlagsbulle, is a traditional sweet roll made in various forms in Scandinavia and the Baltic. The oldest version of semla was a plain bread bun served in a bowl of warm milk. In Swedish this is known as hetvägg. Today, the Swedish-Finnish semla consists of a cardamom-spiced wheat bun which has its top cut off and insides scooped out, and is then filled with a mix of the scooped-out bread crumbs, milk and almond paste, topped with whipped cream. The cut-off top serves as a lid and is dusted with powdered sugar. Today it is often eaten on its own, with coffee or tea. Some people still eat it in a bowl of hot milk. In Finland, the bun is sometimes filled with raspberry jam instead of almond paste, and bakeries in Finland usually offer both versions. (Many bakeries distinguish between the two by decorating the traditional bun with almonds on top, whereas the jam-filled version has powdered sugar on top). In Finland-Swedish, semla means a plain wheat bun, used for bread and butter, and not a sweet bun.\nSemla Recipe courtesy of MySwedishRoots.com\n|5 Tbs butter||7oz. almond paste|\n|1 cup milk||1/3 cup milk|\n|3 pkgs dried activated yeast||whipping cream|\n|3 Tbs sugar||Powdered sugar|\n|1 egg, beaten||Milk for serving, optional|\n|1/4 tsp salt|\n|3 cup flour|\n|Glaze: 1 egg white, beaten|\nMelt butter in a small saucepan, add the milk and let cool until 97 degrees Fahrenheit. The mixture should be feel warm but not hot. If the liquid is too hot, it will kill the yeast. Pour the butter and milk mixture into a large bowl. Sprinkle the yeast on top, along with about a teaspoon of sugar. Let stand for 5 mins. in a warm spot.\nWhen yeast has formed little bubbles in the liquid, add the rest of the sugar, one egg, salt, and flour. Mix well with a fork. Knead dough on a floured surface for a few minutes. Form dough into a ball and place in a bowl, cover with a cloth, and let rise for about 30 minutes.\nKnead dough on a lightly floured surface for a few minutes. Divide dough into two parts. Divide each part into about 5 smaller pieces and roll into balls that are a little smaller than a tennis ball. Place these balls of dough on a greased baking sheet, cover with a cloth, and let rise in a warm for about 20 minutes. Brush top of each bun with the beaten egg. Bake 15 to 20 minutes at 375 until buns are a light golden brown. Remove from baking sheet and let cool on a rack.\nWhen cool, cut a small slice off the top of each bun and set aside. Using a fork, scrape out the center of each bun and put in a bowl. Add the almond paste the milk, a tablespoon or two at a time, stirring until smooth. Spoon paste back into the buns. Whip cream until stiff. Spoon or pipe the whipped cream on top of the filling. Place lids back on each bun and sprinkle the top of the bun with powdered sugar. Semlor can be served at room temperature on a plate or, more traditionally, in a bowl with hot milk." ]

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[ "Glossary for Lessons 1-4\nImportant terms for lessosn 1-4\nBrowse the glossary using this index\nSpecial | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ALL\nTerm used to describe a false view of the inspiration of the Bible. It would mean, as some people believe incorrectly, that the Holy Spirit used the authors of Scripture simply as passive conduits of information.\nThe one with whom God made a national \"covenant of law\"" ]

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[ "This web side is part of the University of Virginia Physical Science Series, a collection of graduate-level courses designed to help K-12 science teachers connect content with best-practice teaching models. This item offers lesson plans and six activities to reinforce understanding of circuits, current, and electrostatics. The materials and activities are based on physics education research.\n%0 Electronic Source %A Thornton, Stephen %D January 5, 2006 %T Physics 620D Electricity %V 2017 %N 28 July 2017 %8 January 5, 2006 %9 text/html %U http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/classes/620/Electricity_home.html\nDisclaimer: ComPADRE offers citation styles as a guide only. We cannot offer interpretations about citations as this is an automated procedure. Please refer to the style manuals in the Citation Source Information area for clarifications." ]

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[ "Wherever people are living, hormones used in e.g. contraceptives or agriculture enter the wastewater. Steroid hormones, such as sex hormones and corticosteroids, may accumulate in the environment.\nInspired by Solar Cell Technology\nFor years, Schäfer has studied water processing by nanofiltration. For this purpose, she uses polymer membranes with nanometer-sized pores. However, nanofiltration requires high pressure and, hence, much energy. Moreover, micropollutants may accumulate in the polymer membrane materials and gradually enter the filtered water. Even if the pollutants are separated completely, a flow of concentrated pollutants may develop and require further treatment.\nInspired by solar cell technology, the field of work of Professor Bryce S. Richards from KIT, Schäfer had the idea to coat polymer membranes with titanium dioxide and to design photocatalytic membranes. Photocatalytically active titanium dioxide nanoparticles are applied to microfiltration membranes, whose pores are somewhat larger than in nanofiltration. Irradiation with light then triggers a chemical reaction, as a result of which steroid hormones are degraded on the membranes. Together with her team at IAMT and colleagues from the Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Leipzig, Schäfer has now realized her idea and presented the new technology in Nature Nanotechnology.\nCatalyst for Water\n“We have developed a catalyst for water,” Schäfer summarizes her work. Using the photocatalytic polymer membranes, steroid hormones were removed in the continuous flow mode down to the analytical detection limit of 4 ng/l. In fact, the concentrations measured were very close to 1 ng/l, the limit given in the new Drinking Water Guideline of the WHO. The researchers are now optimizing their technology by reducing the time needed and energy consumed. Moreover, their focus lies on using natural light. In particular, their research is aimed at degrading other pollutants by photocatalysis, such as industrial chemicals like perfluoro-alkylated and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) or pesticides, such as glyphosate. Another goal is to upscale the technology.\nLinks: car air purifier supplier" ]

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[ "What is Spanish Immersion?\nStudents are immersed in Spanish for a half\nday of instruction.\nis taught during Spanish Immersion?\nStudents receive daily instruction in\nforeign language that exceed South Carolina\nForeign Language requirements.\n- Students are also taught all standards for\ntheir grade level in math, health, and\nWhat age groups are currently enrolled in the Spanish Immersion\nCurrently the Spanish Immersion program is\noffered in K4 through 5th grade.\nSouth Carolina has written\nrequirements of foreign language programs.\nBlythe Academy adheres to all state standards as\nwell as incorporating standards from other areas\nof the curriculum.\nIf you have any other questions concerning the Immersion\nprograms, feel free to email\nor call her at 355-4415 ." ]

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[ "Decking is important for any home or building’s exterior. It gives the structure a uniform look and provides several benefits to the interior of the space, including insulation and increased resale value. However, decks can decay over time, making them dangerous to use and less aesthetically pleasing. Deck builders Springfield MA professionals know that deck boards will eventually rot if moisture isn’t managed well enough.\nWhat causes deck boards to rot?\nThere are lots of different reasons why deck boards start rotting away. Generally, there is too much moisture in places where it shouldn’t be, which creates an environment for fungi like mold and mildew to take root. Once these organisms have enough sustenance, they begin destroying the board’s cellular fibers until holes begin to form.\nIn-deck construction, the wood is usually treated with a special solution that keeps rot-producing organisms from living on it. However, most treatments last for only a year or two before they begin to wear off and aren’t as strong as regular outdoor conditions demand. That’s why regular maintenance is so important – if there are cracks in boards or holes beginning to form, these can be fixed with epoxy and lumber preservatives before they become major problems. If neglected long enough, however, the surface will have no way to fight back against fungi and other harmful materials that degrade its fibers. Once this happens, the board may have warped enough that replacing it becomes necessary rather than saving it from further damage. In some cases, though decks can be built with composite materials that are durable enough to avoid rotting.\nWhat precautions can be taken to prevent deck boards from rotting?\nThe easiest way to keep decks safe and long-lasting is regular maintenance. Wood boards need to be inspected regularly for damage, which means looking out for cracks or holes in the surface of the boards. If any are found, they should not only be filled in with wood filler but also treated again with a lumber preservative and/or epoxy resin capable of killing off fungi and other damaging organisms. It’s important to note that increased exposure to the sun will cause these treatments to wear away more quickly than they would if kept under shade or covered by another board, so sunny should have their protection maintained more often than shaded areas.\nAnother way to keep decks safe is to invest in composite materials that are more resistant to the decaying processes, such as composite decking or ipe wood. Composite boards work because they’re made up of recycled plastics and other materials that don’t take on water easily, which means fungi can’t latch onto it as easily. Additionally, these boards come with protective sealants built right into the material itself so they require less maintenance than their wooden counterparts. These boards may not be an option for everyone though – some people prefer the aesthetic quality of traditional wood over plastic despite its potential costs – so considering both options before making any large purchases will help ensure you get what you want out of your new deck.\nSome homeowners choose to only use treated lumber for their decking, but it’s still a good idea to keep these boards from getting too wet. When it rains or snows, the material should be covered with a tarp to allow time for any liquid to drain away before exposing the decking to direct sunlight and heat again. This will help prevent sun-dried boards that have absorbed water from warping and then drying out too quickly.\nSimply put: Decks need special attention not just because they’re used as frequently as other outdoor structures but also because they’re more likely to take on damage due to rain and snow. While untreated materials can certainly last a long time under normal conditions, there is always the potential for problems if moisture isn’t controlled well enough – or if boards are exposed to the elements for far too long.\nIf you need a new deck, check out local Springfield MA Deck Builders companies and get in touch with some of them for prices." ]

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[ "Men need to step it up when it comes to their oral health. On average men are receiving low scores during dentists visits as compared to women. In a recent study conducted by the American Dental Association (ADA), men only go to the dentist when they think it is an absolute emergency while women visit on a more frequent basis.\nMen tend to disregard oral health and have more bad habits that are dentist no-nos such as chewing tobacco, excess coffee drinking, smoking, and snacking on sweet treats.\nFacts Why Men are not making the grade at the dentist.\n- Dentist visits not a top priority\n- Brush teeth less than women\n- Increased gum problems\n- More dental fillings\n- Higher rate of dry mouth\n- Higher rate of carcinogens\n- High blood pressure and heart disease\nThe American Dental Association (ADA) and the AGD discovered that 8 percent more women are brushing twice a day than men. Men also have not entirely made a habit of brushing after each meal. This statistic equals 20.5 percent of men being in comparison to 28.7 percent of women.\nMen also tend to play more contact sports than women, such as hockey, rugby, and football. It is not uncommon for teeth to be knocked straight out of their mouths. Some of these hard-core sports fanatics are just too manly to have their mouths looked at after a potentially serious oral injury.\nAccording to the Journal of the American Dental Association (JADA), a study concluded that 13-39 percent of dental injuries are from collisions on the field. 2-8 percent of these are maxillofacial in males hurt twice as much as females. The tooth punched out the most is the central incisor.\nThe cost of these sport-related dental emergencies cost 500 million dollars!\nEight Ways To Improve Men’s Oral Health\n- Brushing at least twice a day and after meals.\n- Scheduling dentist appointments and follow up visits before an emergency.\n- Quit smoking and ingesting highly caffeinated beverages.\n- Add rising with a mouth rinse or mouthwash in addition to brushing.\n- Flossing regularly.\n- No more sugar.\n- Use fluoride toothpaste.\n- Brushing your tongue.\nThe absolute best way to take care of your mouth is to make an appointment with 32 Pearls . The very best Seattle Family dentist and Tacoma Family dentists in the Seattle/Tacoma area." ]

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[ "The concept of power involves the previously discussed topic of work, which was a force being applied over a measured distance, but adds one more consideration — time. In other words, how long does it take to accomplish the work. If someone asked the average person if he or she could lift one million pounds 5 feet off the ground, the answer most assuredly would be no. This person would probably assume that he or she is to lift it all at once. What if he or she is given 365 days to lift it, and could lift small amounts of weight at a time? The work involved would be the same, regardless of how long it took to lift the weight, but the power required is different. If the weight is to be lifted in a shorter period of time, it will take more power. The formula for power is as follows:\nPower = Force × distance ÷ time\nThe units for power will be foot-pounds per minute, foot-pounds per second, inch-pounds per minute or second, and possibly mile-pounds per hour. The units depend on how distance and time are measured.\nMany years ago there was a desire to compare the power of the newly evolving steam engine to that of horses. People wanted to know how many horses the steam engine was equivalent to. Because of this, the value we currently know as one horsepower (hp) was developed, and it is equal to 550 foot-pounds per second (ft-lb/s). It was found that the average horse could lift a weight of 550 lb, one foot off the ground, in one second. The values we use today, in order to convert power to horsepower, are as follows:\n1 hp = 550 ft-lb/s\nTo convert power to horsepower, divide the power by the appropriate conversion based on the units being used.\nExample: What power would be needed, and also horsepower, to raise the GE-90 turbofan engine into position to install it on a Boeing 777-300 airplane? The engine weighs 19,000 lb, and it must be lifted 4 ft in 2 minutes.\nPower = Force × distance ÷ time\nThe hoist that will be used to raise this engine into position will need to be powered by an electric motor because the average person will not be able to generate 1.15 hp in their arms for the necessary 2 minutes.\nTorque is a very interesting concept and occurrence, and it is definitely something that needs to be discussed in conjunction with work and power. Whereas work is described as a force acting through a distance, torque is described as a force acting along a distance. Torque is something that creates twisting and tries to make something rotate.\nIf we push on an object with a force of 10 lb and it moves 10 inches in a straight line, we have done 100 in-lb of work. By comparison, if we have a wrench 10 inches long that is on a bolt, and we push down on it with a force of 10 lb, a torque of 100 lb-in is applied to the bolt. If the bolt was already tight and did not move as we pushed down on the wrench, the torque of 100 lb-in would still exist. The formula for torque is:\nTorque = Force × distance\nEven though the formula looks the same as the one for calculating work, recognize that the distance value in this formula is not the linear distance an object moves, but rather the distance along which the force is applied.\nNotice that with torque nothing had to move, because the force is being applied along a distance and not through a distance. Notice also that although the units of work and torque appear to be the same, they are not. The units of work were inch-pounds and the units of torque were pound-inches, and that is what differentiates the two.\nTorque is very important when thinking about how engines work, both piston engines and gas turbine engines. Both types of engines create torque in advance of being able to create work or power. With a piston engine, a force in pounds pushes down on the top of the piston and tries to make it move. The piston is attached to the connecting rod, which is attached to the crankshaft at an offset. That offset would be like the length of the wrench discussed earlier, and the force acting along that length is what creates torque. [Figure 3-6]\nFor the cylinder in Figure 3-6, there is a force of 500 lb pushing down on the top of the piston. The connecting rod attaches to the crankshaft at an offset distance of 4 in. The product of the force and the offset distance is the torque, in this case 2,000 lb-in.\nIn a turbine engine, the turbine blades at the back of the engine extract energy from the high velocity exhaust gases. The energy extracted becomes a force in pounds pushing on the turbine blades, which happen to be a certain number of inches from the center of the shaft they are trying to make rotate. The number of inches from the turbine blades to the center of the shaft would be like the length of the wrench discussed earlier.\nMathematically, there is a relationship between the horsepower of an engine and the torque of an engine. The formula that shows this relationship is as follows:\nTorque = Horsepower × 5,252 ÷ rpm\nExample: A Cessna 172R has a Lycoming IO-360 engine that creates 180 horsepower at 2,700 rpm. How many pound-feet of torque is the engine producing?\nTorque = 180 × 5,252 ÷ 2,700\n|©AvStop Online Magazine Contact Us Return To Books|\nGrab this Headline Animator" ]

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[ "|The flood was second only to Noah's|\n|—Bishop Milton Wright, father of Orville and Wilbur and Dayton flood survivor|\nIn late March of 1913 rain fell in such an excess over the Ohio Valley that no river in Ohio and most of Indiana remained in its banks. Bridges, roads, railways, dams, and property were washed away. In its wake, at least 600 lost their lives, a quarter million people were left homeless, and damages were estimated in the hundreds of millions, making it at that time one of the worst natural disasters the United States had witnessed.\nThis is a testament that flooding has always, and will always occur. Over the decades, many strides have been made to minimize the impacts of severe flooding on lives and property. To a significant degree, many of these measures have been a great success. Despite that, flooding still remains the number one weather related fatality with on average 94 deaths per year.\nI've recently highlighted some of the factors that weigh heavily on a spring flood outlook. They include, but are not limited to: winter snow cover, ice thickness on rivers, current river levels and the potential for heavy spring rains. In 1913, it was a matter of a \"Perfect Storm\" for what still stands today as epic flooding through the month of March. March of 1913 was the 9th snowiest month on record with 13.3\" of snow and the wettest month on record with 7.99\" of precipitation over the month!\nHere is an archived weather map of a one of many dynamic storms to bring a bout of heavy rain to the Ohio River Valley:\nMarch 14th 1913\nThe result of this heavy snow, spring melt, ice jams and heavy rains sent rivers spilling and raging over their banks. Here is the record flooding on several of the area rivers:\nMaumee River @ Waterville\n(1) 19.90 ft on 03/28/1913\n(2) 16.17 ft on 02/12/1959(3) 15.31 ft on 01/01/1991\n(4) 15.21 ft on 02/26/1985\n(5) 15.00 ft on 02/29/1936\nBlanchard River @ Findlay\n(1) 18.50 ft on 03/13/1913\n(2) 18.46 ft on 08/22/2007(3) 17.43 ft on 06/14/1981\n(4) 16.76 ft on 02/11/1959\n(5) 16.50 ft on 02/07/2008\nMaumee River @ Defiance\n(1) 26.00 ft on 03/26/1913\n(2) 20.50 ft on 03/15/1982(3) 18.50 ft on 02/25/1985\n(4) 17.97 ft on 02/08/2008\n(5) 17.65 ft on 03/12/2009\nNotice the RECORD flooding that has stood now for nearly 100 years!?! Extreme weather events have and always will occur. For more information on this historic flooding a website with additional information can be found here: http://mrcc.isws.illinois.edu/1913Flood/" ]

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[ "According to economists, the distribution of wealth in society is determined by the ownership of factors of production namely Land, Labour, Capital and Entrepreneurship. So, people who own one or more of the factors use them as sources of income as they engage in economic activities. You pay me rent for using my land, wages for labour, interest for capital and profit goes to the entrepreneur.\nBased on the above, we can capture all individuals in the society and model a possibility of economic prosperity for all. We will be making some assumptions along the way.\nBefore we go further let us agree that all human beings have at least one factor of production, hence, this implies that we all are capable of earning income upon putting our factor input to a payable service. In this model, only those who fall in the category of children are excluded from factor owners, in that they are not of working age; child labour is illegal. Persons of disabilities to join this category as it is nearly impossible or extremely difficult to have them engage in many forms of economic activity.\nStarting with the most popular factor of production labour, we can agree that all who are not children or disabled have possession of labour to offer services and earn income in the process. We also know that with skilled labour comes higher compensations. So, an individual of working age is free to find a paying employer. There exist some options from menial jobs to skilled jobs. If an individual is lucky enough to have taken advantage of free education offered by the Nigerian government from Primary to Junior Secondary School they will have more options of where to offer their labour no matter how little the compensation. Upon getting employment, the owner of labour can decide to acquire more skills and attract better payments. The individual is now able to fend for himself and others. In the current times, I have met young people who sponsored themselves through higher institutions of learning in Nigeria. We cannot deny that tuition in Nigerian higher institutions are affordable.\nAs for those fortunate to own lands, they have the choice to engage their land in real estate and receive rent. However, since the majority of the Nigerian population are employed in the agriculture sector and the country has vast arable land, we say the owners of land are the farmers. So, the farmers own one factor land from which rent comes. Also, they produce food for the country which qualifies them as entrepreneurs (those who combine the other factors of production to make a service or product).\nEntrepreneurs as we know them come into the economy to solve difficult problems and earn a profit. We have several of such problems which could mean several opportunities for the entrepreneur. In our model, one opportunity for the entrance of the entrepreneur is the gridlock in the agricultural sector. Low output from the farmers, low pricing of farm produce, lack of access to markets, weather variations among many things leave the farmers perpetually poor. The entrepreneur will prosper in these settings.\nFinally, we have capital, which includes machinery fixed or mobile used to produce goods or services. Owners of capital charge interest. These machines are needed in agriculture and other sectors, to boost productivity and increase profits.\nSo, if you have at least one of the four factors of production, you should be living above 3 dollars a day. Remember this is a simple model, meant to stimulate development thinking." ]

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[ "Writing Simple Poems : Pattern Poetry for Language AcquisitionSeries: Cambridge Handbooks for Language TeachersPublication details: United Kingdom; Cambridge University Press; 2001Description: 154 Pages; PaperbackISBN:\n|Item type||Current library||Call number||Status||Date due||Barcode||Item holds|\n|Book Adult and Young Adult 15-17||Karachi English Language Resources||808.1 (Browse shelf(Opens below))||Available||PKLC000667|\n|Book Adult and Young Adult 15-17||Lahore English Language Resources||808.1 (Browse shelf(Opens below))||Available||PKLC008230|\nThis resource book shows how to use poetry writing as a medium to teach and reinforce structure, parts of speech and punctuation, as well as other grammar and writing conventions. This is a resource book that shows teachers how to use poetry writing as a medium to teach and reinforce structure, vocabulary, parts of speech, and punctuation, as well as other grammar and writing conventions. Appropriate for any age or fluency level, the book can be used by ESL, foreign language, or bilingual teachers as an adjunct to their writing program. It contains 25 easy-to-follow, self-contained lessons, each with poetry models and sample poems written by students of various ages and linguistic backgrounds. The simple patterns in this book will encourage students to express their own ideas creatively and accurately.\nThere are no comments on this title." ]

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[ "Part of the positive psychology field. An excerpt:\nSo, what has science learned about what makes the human heart sing? More than one might imagine ? along with some surprising things about what doesn't ring our inner chimes. Take wealth, for instance, and all the delightful things that money can buy. Research by Diener, among others, has shown that once your basic needs are met, additional income does little to raise your sense of satisfaction with life (see story on page A32). A good education? Sorry, Mom and Dad, neither education nor, for that matter, a high IQ paves the road to happiness. Youth? No, again. In fact, older people are more consistently satisfied with their lives than the young. And they're less prone to dark moods: a recent survey by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that people ages 20 to 24 are sad for an average of 3.4 days a month, as opposed to just 2.3 days for people ages 65 to 74. Marriage? A complicated picture: married people are generally happier than singles, but that may be because they were happier to begin with (see page A37). Sunny days? Nope, although a 1998 study showed that Midwesterners think folks living in balmy California are happier and that Californians incorrectly believe this about themselves too.\nRead more about Positive Psychology from UPENN's website:" ]

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[ "Grapes of Zion\nIt might be surprising, given its association with the people’s sin of being dissuaded from entering the Land, that the motif of the two spies carrying an enormous bunch of grapes (Num. 13:23) became a popular Zionist symbol and eventually even the logo of the Israeli Ministry of Tourism. Indeed, it has been suggested by arts writer Menachem Wecker that several of the older Christian representations of this image deliberately portray the two grape-bearers in a negative light. (A few of those images are featured in this blog post).\nThe Zionist appropriation of the symbol was associated with the Bezalel School of Arts and Crafts in Jerusalem, which emphasized the “calm and pastoral” biblical Land of Israel “as an alternative to the images of misery and exile in [early 20th-century] Jewish life in the Diaspora.”1 In line with this positive spin that connects this image not to the negative reports of the Land, but to its bounty and utopian qualities, this mid-20th-century bookplate from The JTS Library’s collection shows the spies not as fearful or lacking in faith, but as strong, calm, and dignified.\n1 Dalia Manor, “Biblical Zionism in Bezalel Art.” Israel Studies 6.1 (2001)" ]

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[ "Architect: Samuel Hooper\nThe Carnegie Public Library was officially opened on October 11th, 1905 by Governor General Earl Grey and functioned as Winnipeg’s central library until the completion of the Centennial Library in 1977. Constructed with a grant of $75,000 from American industrialist and philanthropist, Andrew Carnegie. After closure following the opening of the Centennial Library, community appeals resulted in the reopening of the building as the William Avenue Branch Library in 1978. The William Avenue Branch was closed in 1994. It is now home to the city archives.\nThrough Carnegie’s generosity, 2,500 libraries were built around the world – 124 in Canada. The Carnegie Library on William Avenue was the forty-ninth library in Canada to be built with funds from the Carnegie endowment. A two-story addition, also financed by Carnegie, was added to the back of the building in 1908." ]

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[ "CRISPR Chocolate Would Help Farmers in Developing Countries\nSource: CRISPR Chocolate Would Help Farmers in Developing Countries\nSome people are anti-GMO because they don’t like the idea of their food being genetically manipulated. But, what about food that is altered using the gene editing technology known as CRISPR-Cas9? And, what if the genetic change is one that would help the livelihood of farmers in developing countries? Lastly, what if the food that we’re talking about is chocolate…?\nCRISPR-Cas9 chocolate may very well be coming down the pike. The cacao tree (Theobroma cacao) is a tropical tree that produces the cocoa beans that serve as the raw material of chocolate. The tree lies at the center of the multi-billion dollar chocolate industry and is therefore incredibly important for the economy of many developing countries.\nThe cacao tree has many pathogens. When the tree becomes infected, the result is reduced income for millions of farmers in developing countries. Each year, several plant diseases severely limit global production, with 20-30 percent of cocoa pods destroyed preharvest. Therefore, working to develop a disease-resistant cacao variety is an important advancement in the world of chocolate production. And, a team at Penn State has taken that goal one step closer to reality.\nWhat were the genetic edits made in the cocoa?\nThe researchers used CRISPR-Cas9 to make cacao trees resistant to infection by their pathogens. In order to achieve this, they targeted a gene known as the cacao Non-expressor of Pathogenesis-Related 1 (TcNPR1) gene, which regulates many genes involved in the plant’s immune system.\nWhen this gene is overexpressed in the plant, there is less infection of the cacao leaf tissue, specifically by the pathogen Phythophthora. A gene similar to NPR1, called NPR3, regulates NPR1 in a negative way meaning that it decreases its expression. The researchers guessed that less NPR3 means more NPR1, which would result in less infection of cacao. In turn, they used the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system to take out the NPR3 gene, which resulted in a more protected plant.\nThis is the first example of using CRISPR-Cas9 technology to improve Theobroma cacao. Although there may be many, many more genes that could result in more protection from pathogens, this pioneering work is the first step in the right direction. This gene edited food goes way beyond the personal choices of people who can afford chocolate at any price, whether it’s gene edited, GMO, organic, etc. This work will ensure the reliable productivity from cacao plants, which affects the livelihoods of millions of smallholder cacao farmers.\nSource: Fister AS. Transient Expression of CRISPR/Cas9 Machinery Targeting TcNPR3 Enhances Defense Response in Theobroma cacao. Front. Plant Sci., 02 March 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00268\nPublished at Mon, 14 May 2018 13:06:12 +0000" ]

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[ "October 3 - Saint Gerard of Brogne\nGerard was from a wealthy family of dukes, but was always simple and accessible to others. One day he realized the joy produced from praying, being close to God, and in dialogue with him and decided to dedicate his entire life to this by becoming a monk. He established a monastery in his family’s property in Brogne, France. It was good place, but to Gerald it seemed to have too much activity, so he became a hermit in order to live in silence. However, his superiors sent him to other monasteries to reform monks who perhaps were turning away from their rule. St. Gerard did this for 20 years, encouraging other monks to return to their commitment. He died in 959.\nHave you ever felt a great joy in prayer? Do you dedicate time every day to praying? What is prayer for you?" ]

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[ "When it comes to crop diseases, insects, viruses, and fungi may get the media limelight but in certain regions it is actually other plants which are a farmer’s greatest enemy. In sub-Saharan Africa, one weed in particular – Striga hermonthica – is an almost unstoppable scourge and one of the main limiting factors for food security.\nStriga is a parasitic plant; it attaches to and feeds off a host plant. For most of us, parasitic plants are simply harmless curiosities. Over 4,000 plants are known to have adopted a parasitic mode of life, including the seasonal favorite mistletoe (a stem parasite of conifers) and Rafflesia arnoldii, nicknamed the “corpse flower” for its huge, smelly blooms. Although the latter produces the world’s largest flower, it has no true roots – only thread-like structures that infect tropical vines.\nWhen parasitic plants infect food crops, they can turn very nasty indeed. Striga hermonthica is particularly notorious because it infects almost every cereal crop, including rice, maize, and sorghum. Striga is a hemiparasite, meaning that it mainly withdraws water from the host (parasitic plants can also be holoparasites, which withdraw both water and carbon sugars from the host). However, Striga also causes a severe stunting effect on the host crop (see Figure 1), reducing their yield to practically nothing. Little wonder then, that the common name for Striga is ‘witchweed’.\nSeveral features of the Striga lifecycle make it especially difficult to control. The seeds can remain dormant for decades and only germinate in response to signals produced by the host root (called strigolactones) (Figure 2). Once farmland becomes infested with Striga seed, it becomes virtually useless for crop production. Germination and attachment takes place underground, so the farmer can’t tell if the land is infected until the parasite sends up shoots (with ironically beautiful purple flowers). Some chemical treatments can be effective but these remain too expensive for the subsistence farmers who are mostly affected by the weed. Many resort to simply pulling the shoots out as they appear; a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. It is estimated that Striga spp. cause crop losses of around US $10 billion each year .\nCertain crop cultivars and their wild relatives show natural resistance to Striga. Here at the University of Sheffield, our lab group (headed by Professor Julie Scholes) is working to identify resistance genes in rice and maize, with the eventual aim of breeding these into high-yielding cultivars. To do this, we grow the host plants in rhizotrons (root observation chambers) which allow us to observe the process of Striga attachment and infection (see Figure 3). Already this has been successful in identifying rice cultivars that have broad-spectrum resistance to Striga, and which are now being used by farmers across Africa.\nBut many fundamental aspects of the infection process remain almost a complete mystery, particularly how the parasite overcomes the host’s intrinsic defense systems. It is possible that Striga deliberately triggers certain host signaling pathways; a strategy used by other root pathogens such as the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. This is the focus of my project: to identify the key defense pathways that determine the level of host resistance to Striga. It would be very difficult to investigate this in crop plants, which typically have incredibly large genomes, so my model organism is Arabidopsis thaliana, the workhorse of the plant science world, whose genome has been fully sequenced and mapped. Arabidopsis cannot be infected by Striga hermonthica but it is susceptible to the related species, Striga gesnerioides, which normally infects cowpea. I am currently working through a range of different Arabidopsis mutants, each affected in a certain defense pathway, to test whether these have an altered resistance to the parasite. Once I have an idea of which plant defense hormones may be involved (such as salicylic acid or jasmonic acid), I plant to test the expression of candidate genes to decipher what is happening at the molecular level.\nIt’s early days yet, but I am excited by the prospect of shedding light on how these devastating weeds are so effective in breaking into their hosts. Ultimately this could lead to new ways of ‘priming’ host plants so that they are armed and ready when Striga attacks. It’s an ambitious challenge, and one that will certainly keep me going for the remaining two years of my PhD!\n Westwood, J. H. et al. (2010). The evolution of parasitism in plants. Trends in Plant Science, 15(4): 227-235.\n Scholes, J. D. and Press, M. C. (2008). Striga infestation of cereal crops – an unsolved problem in resource limited agriculture. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 11(2): 180-186." ]

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[ "Leanda de Lisle, ‘Tudor: the Family Story 1437-1603’ (London: Chatto & Windus, 2013) Hardback, ISBN 978-0-701-18588-6\nTitle: The title suggests that the book doesn’t just discuss the events of the reigns of the Tudors, but actually the people involved – the monarchs, consorts, politicians and wider royal family. The focus on the people offers a different perspective on the Tudor era.\nPreface: The introduction/preface introduces the ideas that shaped the Tudor dynasty and the ideas that allowed them to come to the throne – namely the killing of kings. It also discusses the beginnings of the Wars of the Roses (the Yorkist and Lancastrian lines).\nCitations: The citations are very well done. They are clear and concise, and make it easy to find exactly the text you’re looking for. Divided down by chapter and then numbered within that makes it very easy. The extra information also included in the notes adds something to your knowledge.\nContents: From the chapter titles it isn’t always easy to know what the chapter is going to be about at the beginning. However, within the first sentence or two you tend to understand the significance of the title. The chapters are organised in chronological order and are interspersed with chapters on specific people at that time – like Margaret Douglas and Margaret Beaufort.\nGenre/Audience: The audience for this book seems to be the academics who want a history of the Tudor dynasty, particularly the people involved. I wouldn’t recommend it for people who have no knowledge of the dynasty, as you do need some background knowledge in order to understand some of the more subtle nuances.\nConcepts: Some new thoughts on the importance of some of the more minor Tudor figures. However I do wish there had been more on Arbella Stuart, as that was lacking. Nevertheless, there are some interesting thoughts on Elizabeth I, in particular, and her role in government compared to William Cecil, and on the relationship with Mary Queen of Scots.\nSources: A great range of sources is used in this book – from Foxe’s ‘Book of Martyrs’ to the works of Eric Ives and David Loades, among other eminent historians. Lisle has clearly done her research, and made a lot of clever deductions about the surviving evidence. Others works included essays by harington from 1602 and the letters of both Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots.\nIllustrations: The illustrations are the traditional ones found in books like this – portraits, mainly, of the main Tudor protagonists, and some lesser-known ones. It also includes some images from illuminated Books of Hours and a copy of the famous Whitehall mural, as well as stained glass and romanticised images, as well as early modern artefacts.\nOther works: Leanda de Lisle has also written a book entitled ‘The Sisters Who Would Be Queen: the Tragedy of Mary, Katherine and Lady Jane Grey’ as well as ‘After Elizabeth: How James King of Scots Won the Crown of England in 1603’. Similar books on the Tudors as a dynasty include David Loades’ ‘The Tudors: History of Dynasty’, ‘The House of Tudor’ by Alison Plowden and ‘Tudors’ by Peter Ackroyd.\nMy Rating: 19/20" ]

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[ "This research theme is most pertinent to the education in the Northern Irish context. Educational policy in contested societies, like Northern Ireland, is a sensitive issue fraught with political, ethnic, religious and other tensions. The Centre recognises the importance of research interventions into these issues, in order to improve the administration and delivery of education. The research into this topic has both local and global outreach through our collaboration with the UNESCO Centre and the International Committee of the Red Cross. The Centre has worked extensively on both education as a policy and the administration of education within the conflict society. Prof Knox has written on shared education initiatives while Dr O’Connor has written on the role of the street level bureaucrat in delivering conflict narratives to children. The Centre also has a very close relationship with our colleagues in the UNESCO Centre. We have a number of joint projects looking at integrated education in Northern Ireland and, in collaboration with the International Committee of the Red Cross, looking at the role of education in areas of violent conflict." ]

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[ "Children’s Activity Parties: The Olympics\nMaking a torch is very easy. Simply roll up a piece of paper – a buff or brown colour is ideal. Secure with tape or glue. Cut out flame shaped from orange and yellow card and glue them into the inside of your torch cone. If you prefer you could use flame coloured tissue paper. Build up a few layers of flames until you’re happy with your creation.\nNext up medals: Use paper plates for big, chunky medals. As you can see we used metallic coloured paper plates, but white ones could be covered with silver foil to create a similar effect. Decorate your medal with what ever sprinkly, sparkly bits you have in your art cupboard. We used glue, glitter and sequins to create our effect. Cut a hole big enough to thread a ribbon through to complete your medal.\nTell the children something about the Olympics. There’s an Usborne book that provides a good introduction. Consider showing some clips of previous Olympics to them, YouTube have plenty to choose from.\nTry out some of the Olympic sports. If it’s a nice day you could get outside and do some athletics. Even on a rainy day, you could play table tennis.\nFor food, I’d go for a rings theme. Ring doughnuts are just the thing, especially if you can find (or decorate) some with the ring colours. Other suggestions include: hula hoops, pineapple rings and party ring biscuits. Healthy food can be cut into rings too: try peppers, cucumbers. You could try ring races too. Put your rings of choice on all the figures of one hand. This can be any of the foods mentioned here, but I’d recommend either something small like hula hoops or something healthy. When you say go the children have to eat all the rings as quickly as possible. Care there may be some bitten fingers with this game.\nIf you are looking for more activity party ideas this month then consider a Highland Games party." ]

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[ "There is little quantitative knowledge about the Sami student-teacher ratio in Norway. Many hold that there is a considerable shortage of Sami teachers and others have claimed that Sami teachers lack formal teaching accreditation. This article surveys the number of South, Lule and North Sami teachers there are in Norway at the primary, lower secondary and upper secondary school levels.\nThe article also registers the formal competency of each Sami teacher in both pedagogy and Sami language. The survey shows that many Sami teachers lack formal pedagogical qualifications when compared to other teachers in Norway. At the same time, we see that formal competence in the language is at a very high level.\nThe student-teacher ratio for Lule Sami is high. It is at the same level as for the rest of Nordland and actually higher than that in Bodø. This shows that there is a clear shortage of teachers with competence in Lule Sami.\nThe lower student-teacher ratio for North and South Sami makes the situation not as precarious in the short term. However, the average age of Sami teachers point to a significant number of them retiring in the next ten years, and the number of applicants to Sami teacher training has been extremely low. Therefore, if recruitment to Sami teacher education does not significantly increase, we risk having much fewer Sami teachers in 10-20 years than today." ]

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[ "Checkmate simple, ++ or, ++CM\nIf the KI is in check and there is no legal move that can get you out of check then you are checkmated and the game is lost. An attack on your opponent’s KI from which it cannot escape using one of the three methods mentioned below. When checkmate occurs, the game has ended and the person playing the checkmate has won. See the check [link] section of the tutorial.\nA check which cannot be parried by moving the KI to a safe cell, blocking the attack or capturing the checking piece.\n++CM ends the game: the player who is checkmated has lost. Mate has the same meaning as checkmate and is frequently used in its place. Threatening the capture of the enemy KI such that it cannot escape. This wins the game for the attacking side." ]

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[ "NLC's municipal guide, Cities and Drones, is designed to serve as a primer on drones for local officials, providing insight into the recently released federal rules relating to drone operation, as well as offering suggestions for how local governments can craft their own drone ordinances to encourage innovation while also protecting their cities.\nDrones have the potential to revolutionize many industries and city services, particularly as their technology advances. There are many applications for drones within the public sector at the local and state level. Drones can be used for law enforcement and firefighting, as rural ambulances, and for inspections, environmental monitoring, and disaster management. Any commercial arena that involves outdoor photography or visual inspection will likely be experimenting with drones in the near future, as will retailers who want to speed up package delivery.\nHowever, drones also present challenges. There are some safety issues, for instance, when operators fly their drones over people or near planes. City residents often have privacy concerns when any small device hovering nearby could potentially be taking photos or video. The FAA's final rule on drones left some opportunity for city governments to legislate on this issue. Rather than ban them outright, city officials should consider how this new technology might serve residents or enhance city services." ]

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[ "Why are healthcare information systems important?\nThe information technology has been witnessed in the healthcare industry with phenomenal growth. The development led to the problem with the development of healthcare-related computer systems on a computer network facing a problem of mutual communication when the systems speak different languages. In other words, there are many different standards of healthcare with wide and variant range of protocols and types of data. Moreover, there are different kinds of health information systems such as labs, pharmacies, clinics, hospitals, medical research facilities, etc. Each of these systems may have a different combination of protocols, mismatch versions, and data that is incompatible.\nThe need for a common language arises in a scenario when there is interoperability and communication is required in such medical environments. This problem was solved by HL7 International in the form of establishing an HL7 standard for communication and interoperability of different healthcare systems, but it needed a central interface that could facilitate the disparate systems trying to communicate and interoperate with each other.\nOne of the most popular and powerful solutions that emerged and came into existence to deal with mid-sized computer networks dealing with the healthcare problems was called the HL7 interface engine. There are many vendors that started producing interface engines and one of the most popular options that emerged from the crowd was “Mirth Connect HL7.”\nHow to use Mirth Connect/NextGen Connect with HL7?\nMirth Connect is an open-source, cross-platform interface engine that supports bi-directional sending of HL7 messages between systems and applications.\nIn simple words, Mirth Connect is a middleware that connects health information systems so the exchange of clinical and administrative data in medical facilities is made possible.\nMirth generally allows messages from Healthcare Information Systems (HIT) systems and allows messages to be filtered, transformed, and routed based on user-defined rules. Filtering, transformation, and routing of messages are the ways Mirth Connect allows the sharing of data.\n8 Network Protocols Supported by Mirth Connect/NextGen Connect:-\nMirth Connect support numerous protocols that are mentioned in the following,\n- File (local file system and network shares) /FTP/SFTP\n- SOAP (over HTTP)\nThe Top Attributes of Mirth Connect/NextGen Connect:-\nThe salient attributes of the Mirth Connect interface engine are given below that provide the big picture of its utility and capability.\n- Mirth is software that primarily moves and translates data from one system to another. It makes the communication and interoperability of computer systems possible.\n- It is Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Agnostic which means that it is interoperable with EMR.\n- It has a Cross-platform functioning capability.\n- Highly flexible for Message and Datatypes. As pointed above in detail, it supports multiple protocols. It also supports multiple message formats.\n- It can provide multiple routes, transformations, and filters.\n- The Mirth connect interface provides statistics for messages and the status of active connections.\n- Errors inside messages can be easily dealt with and reprocessed.\n- Interface problems can be sorted out by sending email alerts.\n- It provides scalability as features can be added in a short time.\n- It is a cost-effective solution without any upfront licensing cost and no additional hardware cost.\n10 Techniques for Success with Mirth Connect:-\nMirth connect has tremendous benefits in terms of cost, operability, extensibility, scalability and more.\n- Mirth Connect is a free and open-source and the makers of Mirth Connect have made it possible for everyone in public to use and implement this technology. It can be downloaded free from the com website.\n- There are literally hundreds of thousands of deployments of Mirth Connect throughout the world. The extensive and serious use of Mirth Connect makes it a trustworthy technology in the medical healthcare industry. Moreover, Mirth connect is professionally supported by the WebReach, a health information technology solution company situated in California.\n- Mirth Connect is highly extensible as it can be extended with the addition of other software modules for an array of different interoperability requirements and to extend its capabilities as a basic installation.\n- Aside from being open source, it allows custom scripting and goes beyond the options in the user interface available in its native installation.\n- Mirth Connect is highly scalable and it can run on very small and affordable devices like Raspberry Pi to very large-scale enterprise services and cloud-based setups.\n- There is no need to consume staff time or manual entering of appointment confirmations.\n- The Mirth Connect/NextGen Connect shares its capabilities with CMR. CMR (Crimson Medical Referrals) is a 3rd party web-based system for managing referrals. When staff accesses the CMR website, all the patients’ demographics and order information are automatically entered preserving time and effort.\n- Mirth connect provides faster and more accurate referral processing.\n- In large medical facilities such as where there are 21 physicians, it becomes extremely labor-intensive while the information becoming error-prone if technologies like Mirth Connect is overlooked.\n- Higher reimbursement rates are allowed by some payers due to NCQA Recognition.\nMirth Connect/NextGen Connect is a very versatile piece of technology that can make the lives of professionals working in the healthcare sector easier and provides a platform for innovation that can drive medical healthcare technology further." ]

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[ "Native Voices: Native Peoples' Concepts of Health and Illness\nThe Ames Library was selected to host Native Voices: Native Peoples’ Concepts of Health and Illness , a traveling exhibition created by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).* This exhibition demonstrates how Native peoples of the United States today enhance their wellness through both traditional and Western healing practices.\nNative Voices was displayed at the NLM headquarters in Bethesda, Maryland, from 2011 to 2015. Through a partnership with the American Library Association (ALA), the exhibition is now traveling to libraries throughout the United States. We are thrilled to bring the exhibition to our community and to hopefully broaden people’s perspectives about this fascinating topic.\nOn January 4, 2019 the exhibit will arrive at The Ames Library where it will be available to anyone during the Library’s regular hours through February 14. The traveling exhibition comprises six free-standing banners and six iPads with stands which contain videos honoring the native tradition of oral history. The National Library of Medicine has gathered a multitude of healing voices from across the country so that you may hear their stories in their own words.\n**Attention K-12 educators: the NLM website contains a variety of lesson plans and additional resources**\nExhibition-related programs at IWU\n(all are free and open to the public)\n|Date/Time||Location||Featured individuals||Brief summary||Sponsor(s)|\n|January 11, Friday, 6:00-7:00 p.m.||The Ames Library's entry level rotunda||Butch McCamy, Spirit of the Rainbow drum singers; remarks by President Eric Jensen, University Librarian Karen Schmidt, and Chaplain Elyse Nelson-Winger||Exhibit Opening event; if the weather is nice the singers will do a pipe ceremony at the end of the event for those who want to participate. [90-110 attended]||Chaplain's Office and The Ames Library|\n|January 17, Thursday, 6:00-7:30 p.m.||Center for Natural Sciences, Rm. C101, 201 Beecher St.||Francine Dudoit-Tagupa, Director Native Hawaiian Healing, Waikiki Health||Ho’onoponopono: Native Hawaiian healing practice of reconciliation and forgiveness. “Ho’onoponopono is a communication practice based on the physical and spiritual need for family members to work together, and aid in one another’s well-being.” [101 attended]||Office of Diversity\nStudent Nurses’ Association, the\nArnold Health Service,\nand The Ames Library\n|January 24, Thursday, 6:30-8:00 p.m.||The Ames Library's entry level rotunda||Eliida Lakota Knoll and Rev. Carol Lakota Eastin||Medicine Wheel Teaching: a station of activities in each of the four directions. Participants will be instructed\nto move sunwise (aka clockwise) from station to station, and will be guided through\na set of craft-making activities at each one creating a set of power-objects to put\ninto a medicine bag. [over 100 attended]\nOffice of Diversity and Inclusion, and The Ames Library\n|February 11, 6:00-7:00 p.m.||The Ames Library's Beckman Auditorium\n||Quita Verban Shier, Class of 1960||A presentation drawn from stories of selected individuals from the 140 Native Americans she researched for her book Warriors in Mr. Lincoln's Army: Native American Soldiers Who Fought in the Civil War (iUniverse, 2017). Attendees will learn learn of the one soldier's treatment through the Ojibwe tradition of midewiwin. [speaker available in advance for interviews]||Office of Diversity and Inclusion and The Ames Library|\n*The U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) developed and produced Native Voices: Native Peoples’ Concepts of Health and Illness. The American Library Association (ALA) Public Programs Office, in partnership with NLM, tours the exhibition to America’s libraries." ]

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[ "Fibromyalgia is a disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep, memory and mood issues. Researchers believe that fibromyalgia amplifies painful sensations by affecting the way your brain and spinal cord process painful and nonpainful signals.\nSymptoms often begin after an event, such as physical trauma, surgery, infection or significant psychological stress. In other cases, symptoms gradually accumulate over time with no single triggering event.\nWomen are more likely to develop fibromyalgia than are men. Many people who have fibromyalgia also have tension headaches, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, anxiety and depression.\nWhile there is no cure for fibromyalgia, a variety of medications can help control symptoms. Exercise, relaxation and stress-reduction measures also may help.\nThe primary symptoms of fibromyalgia include:\n- Widespread pain. The pain associated with fibromyalgia often is described as a constant dull ache that has lasted for at least three months. To be considered widespread, the pain must occur on both sides of your body and above and below your waist.\n- Fatigue. People with fibromyalgia often awaken tired, even though they report sleeping for long periods of time. Sleep is often disrupted by pain, and many patients with fibromyalgia have other sleep disorders, such as restless legs syndrome and sleep apnea.\n- Cognitive difficulties. A symptom commonly referred to as \"fibro fog\" impairs the ability to focus, pay attention and concentrate on mental tasks.\nFibromyalgia often co-exists with other conditions, such as:\n- Irritable bowel syndrome\n- Chronic fatigue syndrome\n- Migraine and other types of headaches\n- Interstitial cystitis or painful bladder syndrome\n- Temporomandibular joint disorders\n- Postural tachycardia syndrome\nMany researchers believe that repeated nerve stimulation causes the brain and spinal cord of people with fibromyalgia to change. This change involves an abnormal increase in levels of certain chemicals in the brain that signal pain.\nIn addition, the brain's pain receptors seem to develop a sort of memory of the pain and become sensitized, meaning they can overreact to painful and nonpainful signals.\nThere are likely many factors that lead to these changes, including:\n- Genetics. Because fibromyalgia tends to run in families, there may be certain genetic mutations that may make you more susceptible to developing the disorder.\n- Infections. Some illnesses appear to trigger or aggravate fibromyalgia.\n- Physical or emotional events. Fibromyalgia can sometimes be triggered by a physical event, such as a car accident. Prolonged psychological stress may also trigger the condition.\nRisk factors for fibromyalgia include:\n- Your sex. Fibromyalgia is diagnosed more often in women than in men.\n- Family history. You may be more likely to develop fibromyalgia if a parent or sibling also has the condition.\n- Other disorders. If you have osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, you may be more likely to develop fibromyalgia.\nThe pain, fatigue, and poor sleep quality associated with fibromyalgia can interfere with your ability to function at home or on the job. The frustration of dealing with an often-misunderstood condition also can result in depression and health-related anxiety.\nIn the past, doctors would check 18 specific points on a person's body to see how many of them were painful when pressed firmly. Newer guidelines from the American College of Rheumatology don't require a tender point exam.\nInstead, the main factor needed for a fibromyalgia diagnosis is widespread pain throughout your body for at least three months.\nTo meet the criteria, you must have pain in at least four of these five areas:\n- Left upper region, including shoulder, arm or jaw\n- Right upper region, including shoulder, arm or jaw\n- Left lower region, including hip, buttock or leg\n- Right lower region, including hip, buttock or leg\n- Axial region, which includes neck, back, chest or abdomen\nYour doctor may want to rule out other conditions that may have similar symptoms. Blood tests may include:\n- Complete blood count\n- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate\n- Cyclic citrullinated peptide test\n- Rheumatoid factor\n- Thyroid function tests\n- Anti-nuclear antibody\n- Celiac serology\n- Vitamin D\nIf there's a chance that you may be suffering from sleep apnea, your doctor may recommend an overnight sleep study.\nIn general, treatments for fibromyalgia include both medication and self-care strategies. The emphasis is on minimizing symptoms and improving general health. No one treatment works for all symptoms, but trying a variety of treatment strategies can have a cumulative effect.\nMedications can help reduce the pain of fibromyalgia and improve sleep. Common choices include:\n- Pain relievers. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen sodium (Aleve, others) may be helpful. Opioid medications are not recommended, because they can lead to significant side effects and dependence and will worsen the pain over time.\n- Antidepressants. Duloxetine (Cymbalta) and milnacipran (Savella) may help ease the pain and fatigue associated with fibromyalgia. Your doctor may prescribe amitriptyline or the muscle relaxant cyclobenzaprine to help promote sleep.\n- Anti-seizure drugs. Medications designed to treat epilepsy are often useful in reducing certain types of pain. Gabapentin (Neurontin) is sometimes helpful in reducing fibromyalgia symptoms, while pregabalin (Lyrica) was the first drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat fibromyalgia.\nA variety of different therapies can help reduce the effect that fibromyalgia has on your body and your life. Examples include:\n- Physical therapy. A physical therapist can teach you exercises that will improve your strength, flexibility and stamina. Water-based exercises might be particularly helpful.\n- Occupational therapy. An occupational therapist can help you make adjustments to your work area or the way you perform certain tasks that will cause less stress on your body.\n- Counseling. Talking with a counselor can help strengthen your belief in your abilities and teach you strategies for dealing with stressful situations.\nLifestyle and home remedies\nSelf-care is critical in the management of fibromyalgia.\n- Stress management. Develop a plan to avoid or limit overexertion and emotional stress. Allow yourself time each day to relax. That may mean learning how to say no without guilt. But try not to change your routine completely. People who quit work or drop all activity tend to do worse than do those who remain active. Try stress management techniques, such as deep-breathing exercises or meditation.\n- Sleep hygiene. Because fatigue is one of the main components of fibromyalgia, getting good quality sleep is essential. In addition to allotting enough time for sleep, practice good sleep habits, such as going to bed and getting up at the same time each day and limiting daytime napping.\n- Exercise regularly. At first, exercise may increase your pain. But doing it gradually and regularly often decreases symptoms. Appropriate exercises may include walking, swimming, biking and water aerobics. A physical therapist can help you develop a home exercise program. Stretching, good posture and relaxation exercises also are helpful.\n- Pace yourself. Keep your activity on an even level. If you do too much on your good days, you may have more bad days. Moderation means not overdoing it on your good days, but likewise it means not self-limiting or doing too little on the days when symptoms flare.\n- Maintain a healthy lifestyle. Eat healthy foods. Do not use tobacco products. Limit your caffeine intake. Do something that you find enjoyable and fulfilling every day.\nComplementary and alternative therapies for pain and stress management aren't new. Some, such as meditation and yoga, have been practiced for thousands of years. But their use has become more popular in recent years, especially with people who have chronic illnesses, such as fibromyalgia.\nSeveral of these treatments do appear to safely relieve stress and reduce pain, and some are gaining acceptance in mainstream medicine. But many practices remain unproved because they haven't been adequately studied.\n- Acupuncture. Acupuncture is a Chinese medical system based on restoring normal balance of life forces by inserting very fine needles through the skin to various depths. According to Western theories of acupuncture, the needles cause changes in blood flow and levels of neurotransmitters in the brain and spinal cord. Some studies indicate that acupuncture helps relieve fibromyalgia symptoms, while others show no benefit.\n- Massage therapy. This is one of the oldest methods of health care still in practice. It involves the use of different manipulative techniques to move your body's muscles and soft tissues. Massage can reduce your heart rate, relax your muscles, improve range of motion in your joints and increase production of your body's natural painkillers. It often helps relieve stress and anxiety.\n- Yoga and tai chi. These practices combine meditation, slow movements, deep breathing and relaxation. Both have been found to be helpful in controlling fibromyalgia symptoms.\nPreparing for an appointment\nBecause many of the signs and symptoms of fibromyalgia are similar to various other disorders, you may see several doctors before receiving a diagnosis. Your family physician may refer you to a doctor who specializes in the treatment of arthritis and other similar conditions (rheumatologist).\nWhat you can do\nBefore your appointment, you may want to write a list that includes:\n- Detailed descriptions of your symptoms\n- Information about medical problems you've had in the past\n- Information about the medical problems of your parents or siblings\n- All the medications and dietary supplements you take\n- Questions you want to ask the doctor\nWhat to expect from your doctor\nIn addition to a physical exam, your doctor will probably ask you if you have problems sleeping and if you've been feeling depressed or anxious." ]

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[ "How to slow down time in your writing\nWe watched this one in class. Very helpful for helping you think about putting your experience on paper. Helps you choose which parts of your experience to emphasise.\nThe power of simple words\nAnother super useful video pointing out that fancy words are not necessarily better.\nI adapted the following very helpful tips from this website.\nA memoir is a reflection on a memory. The writer tries to capture the “true essence” of the memory by bringing meaning to the memory. A memoir does not only recount an episode or a memory, but also the memoir reveals the person.\nFor example, a personal narrative may recount a first bike ride, or a trip to the beach. But in a memoir, the purpose of the story is to reveal something enduring about oneself. As the writer, you are searching for the truth and significance of the story.\nHere are some tips to help you get started:\nWrite down “stand-out moments.” What moments in your life do you remember as being important, or happy, or sad? Think about some of these “defining moments” in life…some may include:\nHow to get beyond 'what happened':" ]

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[ "Bacterial Vaginosis – Symptoms, causes and Treatment\nWhat is bacterial vaginosis?\nBacterial vaginosis is an unpleasant medical condition of the vagina that produces stinky discharge due to imbalance and overgrowth of bacteria that is present in the vagina. Previously it was thought of as an infection from outside bacteria entering the body and causing the discharge and smell. Later on it was discovered that a number of different types of bacteria live inside the vagina such as Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus, etc., When the count of Lactobacillus decreases and the count of other bacteria grows out of normal, that results in Bacterial Vaginosis.\nSymptoms of Bacterial Vaginosis\n- Unusual amount of discharge from the vagina\n- The discharge looks thin (watery) and will be in greyish colour\n- Unpleasant, foul smell emanating from the vagina\n- Painful sexual intercourse\n- In some cases, painful urination.\nDischarge can happen anytime during the menstrual cycle. How much amount of discharge should be considered too much? That varies from woman to woman. One should carefully observe the amount of discharge and if you feel that it is more than what it is used to be, you need to contact your gynaecologist immediately.\nWhat causes of Bacterial Vaginosis?\nThe actual cause of bacterial vaginosis is still not known. This need not come as surprise as there are several illnesses including cancer for which the exact reasons are still a mystery to medical experts. As said there are different types of bacteria that grow inside the vagina and lactobacillus is one of them. This bacteria produces Hydrogen Peroxide which acts as a cleaning agent. When the number of Lactobacillus bacteria goes down and other substances producing bacteria grows, that results in a stinky discharge from the vagina. Though the exact reason for this imbalance is not known yet, experts have some clues regarding who might be at risk of developing bacterial vaginosis.\n- Woman who is sexually active, having multiple or new sex partners\n- IUDs (Intra Uterine Devices) used for birth control\n- Vaginal douching\n- Medication that alters the bacterial balance inside the vagina as side effect\nIt is only partly true to say that women who are sexually active are at higher risk of developing bacterial vaginosis because women who are celibate also develop this condition. Since 60% of women who contract STD also suffer from bacterial vaginosis, experts put sexually active behaviour as a risk factor for this condition.\nIs Bacterial Vaginosis same as yeast infection?\nNo, yeast infection also results in stinky vaginal discharge; it is a different medical condition. Though not serious, bacterial vaginosis can cause uncomfortable symptoms and dent the confidence of a woman in bed.\nCan bacterial vaginosis spread through sex?\nBacterial Vaginosis is actually not considered as a Sexually Transmitted Infection. As the name goes by, bacterial vaginosis can’t affect men. Women who are gay or bi in their sexual nature are at higher risk because an exchange of bacteria can take place from unhealthy woman to a healthy woman.\nDiagnosis of bacterial vaginosis\nYour gynaecologist starts with some questions about the symptoms and may check you for fever, pelvic pain and history of your sexual behaviour including your previous diagnosis for Sexually Transmitted Infections/diseases.\nYour gynaecologist may physically examine your pelvis region, appearance of vagina and cervix for possible infection. (Some STD can infect your inner parts of the reproductive system). Vaginal liquids may be collected and sent for STD Testing. An experienced gynaecologist can examine the fluids from the vagina under a microscope and figure out if the reason for smelly discharge is due to bacterial vaginosis. The pH of vaginal discharge may also be measured and a value of more than 4.5 (acidic) may be an indicator of Bacterial Vaginosis.\nQuick “Whiff Test” – a drop of Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) when comes into contact with a drop of vaginal discharge and develops a fishy odor, your gynaecologist may confirm bacterial vaginosis condition.\nTreating bacterial vaginosis\nYou should not think of cleaning your vagina and the internal parts thoroughly (vaginal douching) will get rid of the excess bacteria. You will also clean up the necessary bacteria along with unwanted ones making the condition worse. So, don’t try to treat the infection yourself, instead get in touch with a good gynaecologist near you.\nIn order to treat bacterial vaginosis, your gynaecologist must first figure out what type of bacteria has overgrown and prescribe anti-bacterial medication accordingly. Generic anti-bacterial drugs must not be self prescribed. Once the medicines are prescribed, make sure that you complete the course. If the results are not getting better, follow with your doctor for further investigation.\nImportant notes about bacterial vaginosis\n- Bacterial vaginosis may reoccur in 30% of the cases within 12 months. Every time, the same medication may not work. You must see your gynaecologist for diagnosis and treatment.\n- Pregnant women may also get bacterial vaginosis and it is important to get it treated before delivery. If left untreated, this can add up to the risk of pregnancy related complications.\n- Just bacterial vaginosis (without any other infections) will go away with medications. You may not have to follow up with your doctor. In case, if you are experiencing other symptoms even after the completion of your prescription course, your gynaecologists may ask for further testing and evaluation.\n- Women with bacterial vaginosis are at higher risk of acquiring Sexually Transmitted Infections.\n- Preventing bacterial vaginosis is not really possible because the exact causes are not known. It is advisable to use protection when having sex with new or multiple partners, avoid vaginal douching and taking full course of prescribed antibiotics.\nIf you are having vaginal discharge that doesn’t subside after few weeks and if it starts stinking, make sure you make an appointment with a good gynaecologist. General physicians can also put you on to antibiotics but it is best to see a gynaecologist because he/she can check your body for any other kind of infections that you may have.\nYou have covered each points very precisely. The post couldn’t be any better." ]

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[ "The role of adaptive evolution in ecosystem collapse and recovery\nOctober 5, 2021,\nShallow lakes can remain clear and dominated by macrophytes (rooted aquatic plants) for years despite increasing nutrient inputs, but then suddenly, lose their macrophytes and become turbid. This collapse or abrupt transition to a completely different condition of the lake is a classic example of ecosystem tipping points. Tipping points have been documented in a variety of ecosystems including coral reefs, deserts, and oceans. In these ecosystems, researchers have observed abrupt transitions that have negative effects for the species that inhabit them, and for the people that receive benefits from them. In aquatic ecosystems, for example, tipping points have marked the collapse of fish populations with devastating socioeconomic impacts for the people whose livelihoods depends on the health of these populations. One of the main concerns is that once they happen, these transitions are difficult to reverse, even if stressors, such as nutrient inputs in shallow lakes, are removed. Hence, researchers have devoted much work to predict and prevent such transitions.\nTipping points in ecological theory: When environmental conditions are favourable (i.e. low environmental stress) the ecosystem is in the upper branch (state A). If conditions gradually deteriorate, the ecosystem follows the stable equilibrium line until conditions exceed the tipping point of collapse. At this point a slight increment in environmental stress causes the ecosystem to experience an abrupt regime shift to the lower branch (state B). Once the ecosystem tips, to restore the ecosystem state, it is not sufficient to reduce environmental stress below tipping point of collapse, but to a much lower level of stress indicated by tipping point of recovery.\n(Graphic: Eawag, Catalina Chaparro)\nEvolution can delay ecosystem collapses\nAlthough ecologists have studied how environmental changes driven by human activities have produced evolutionary changes in ecosystems, until now, researchers did not know how evolutionary processes influence ecosystem tipping points. In two recent studies, researchers at Eawag together with international partners found that evolution may play in our favor or against.\nIn one of these studies, they challenge the idea that ecosystem collapses occur when tipping points are exceeded. According to the findings, fast environmental changes, like those currently occurring, increase the probability of ecosystem collapses, even before tipping points are exceeded. However, if evolution can help the species to adapt to the changing conditions, the collapse could be delayed.\nEvolution could therefore play in our side to delay ecosystem collapses, but for that, the speed at which species adapt is crucial. The faster the adaptation process is, the higher are the chances to prevent ecosystem collapses. Maintaining high genetic variability is critical to enable fast adaptation, and thus to prevent ecosystem collapses.\nNonetheless, the speed of adaptation has limits; hence, if environmental changes occur at a pace much faster than species’ adaptation limits, collapses are inevitable. So a deceleration of environmental changes is urgently needed to reduce this risk.\nEvolution may delay ecosystem recovery\nOnce an ecosystem collapses, researchers found in the second study, evolution may delay ecosystem recovery. Based on ecological processes only, ecologists predict that once the environmental stressor is reduced below the tipping point of recovery (figure 2), the ecosystem should return to its pre-collapse state. For instance, if the nutrient concentration in a shallow lake is reduced to very low levels, the lake should quickly transition back to the clear-water state dominated by macrophytes. However, this may not be the case when evolution enables species to adapt to the conditions in the collapsed ecosystem. If the species become adapted to these conditions, the ecosystem may take a long time to return to the pre-collapse state after stressors are removed. Adaptation is a process that requires time, therefore the longer the ecosystem passes in the collapse state the further the adaptation advances. To avoid such adaptation to unwanted conditions, restoration activities, such as the reduction in nutrient input in lakes, should be implemented as early as possible in the collapsed ecosystem to increase the chances of recovery.\nCover Picture: International Institute for Sustainable Development IISD – Experimental Lakes Area ELA, Kanada\nChaparro-Pedraza, C., Matthews, B., de Meester, L., Dakos, V. (2021). Adaptive evolution can both prevent ecosystem collapse and delay ecosystem recovery. The American Naturalist. https://doi.org/10.1086/716929\nFunding / Cooperations\n- FWO Support grant\n- KU Leuven Research Fund\n- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium\n- Leibniz Institut für Gewasserökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Berlin, Germany\n- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany\n- Institute des Sciences de l’Évolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier,France." ]

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[ "Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.\nIntended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.\nDo not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.\nOCR for page 87\nAttracting PhDs to K-12 Education: A Demonstration Program for Science, Mathematics, and Technology Appendix E Gallup Teacher Perceiver Instrument The Gallup Teacher Perceiver is a structured interview that consists of a set of open-ended items (see Gallup Organization, 2002 and http://education.gallup.com/select/themeTeach.asp). It is based on Gallup’s research on what are believed to be the characteristics that make the best teachers. The interviews may be given face to face or over the telephone. The items covered in the instrument are listed below, with the descriptions provided by Gallup (2002). MISSION—Mission is what takes some individuals and groups out of society’s mainstream in order to assure the quality and purposiveness of that mainstream. Mission is a deep underlying belief that students can grow and attain self-actualization. A teacher with mission has a goal to make a significant contribution to other people. EMPATHY—Empathy is the apprehension and acceptance of the state of mind of another person. Practically, we say we put ourselves into the other person’s place. Empathy is the phenomenon that provides the teacher feedback about the individual student’s feelings and thoughts. RAPPORT DRIVE—The rapport drive is evidenced by the teacher’s ability to have an approving and mutually favorable relationship with each student. The teacher likes students and expects them to reciprocate. Rapport is seen by the teacher as a favorable and necessary condition of learning.\nOCR for page 88\nAttracting PhDs to K-12 Education: A Demonstration Program for Science, Mathematics, and Technology INDIVIDUALIZED PERCEPTION—Individualized perception means that the teacher spontaneously thinks about the interests and needs of each student and makes every effort to personalize each student’s program. LISTENING—The Listening theme is evident when a person spontaneously listens to others with responsiveness and acceptance. Listening is viewed as beneficial to the speaker. INVESTMENT—The Investment theme is indicated by the teacher’s capacity to receive a satisfaction from the growth of the students. This is in contrast to the person who must personally perform to achieve satisfaction. INPUT DRIVE—Input drive is evidenced by the teacher who is continuously searching for ideas, materials and experiences to use in helping other people, especially students. ACTIVATION—Activation indicates that the teacher is capable of stimulating students to think, to respond, to feel, to learn. INNOVATION—The innovation theme is indicated when a teacher tries new ideas and techniques. A certain amount of determination is observed in this theme because the idea has to be implemented. At a higher level of innovation is creativity, where the teacher has the capability of putting information and experience together into new configurations. GESTALT—The Gestalt theme indicates the teacher has a drive toward completeness. The teacher sees in patterns—is uneasy until work is finished. When gestalt is high, the teacher tends toward perfectionism. Even though form and structure are important, the individual student is considered first. The teacher works from individual to structure. OBJECTIVITY—Objectivity is indicated when a teacher responds to the total situation. This teacher gets facts and understands first as compared to making an impulsive reaction. FOCUS—Focus is indicated when a person has models and goals. The person’s life is moving in a planned direction. The teacher knows what the goals are and selects activities in terms of these goals.\nRepresentative terms from entire chapter:" ]

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[ "Nutritive value of Indian foods – Due to marked geographic variations in India, It is important to consider local food preferences, availability and affordability, while offering nutritional counseling. Nutritive value of Indian foods are discussed here. All protein and caloric values in the following discussion are given as in 100 gm or ml of foodstuff, unless specified otherwise.\nCereals form the bulk of diet and contribute >70% and >50% of daily calories and protein intake; respectively. In general, cereals are rich sources of energy (350 cal) proteins (12 gm; except rice), Vitamin B complex and minerals. However, cereal proteins are deficient in lysine.\nRice is the staple food for over half of the world population. Although it contains less protein (7 gm %) than other cereals, rice protein is of better quality due to higher lysine content. Milling and cooking with excessive water significantly reduces its Vitamin B complex content (present in its outer coating) which may be avoided by promoting the use of un-husked or parboiled rice. Thiamine deficiency like Ben-ben is more common in rice-staple population.\nParboiling is a process to preserve the nutritive value of rice by moving its vitamin content from outer coating to inner endosperm, It involves soaking the un-husked rice in hot water (65-70°) for 3-4 hours, followed by steaming for 5-10 minutes, before drying and storing/milling.\nWheat, the second commonest staple cereal, is deficient in lysine and threonine. Whole grain wheat flour (Aata) is more nutritious than white flour (maida) due to loss of Vitamin B content during milling.\nMaize ranks third in world cereal consumption. Apart from lysine it is also deficient in trytophan – a niacin precursor, and pellagra is common in maize-staple population. Some strains of maize also contain excess leucine that interferes with conversion of tryptophan to niacin in body.\nMillets are smaller grains like thwar (sorghum), Bajra (pearl millet), Ragi etc, with caloric and protein value equal to cereals i.e. — 350 cal and 10-12gm of proteins (except Ragi). Millet proteins are deficient in lysine and threonine.\nRagi, low-cost popular millet provides lesser calories (325 cal) and proteins (7 gm), but is a very rich source of calcium.\nPulses or Legumes include Grams like Bengal-gram (Chana), green-gram (Moong), red-gram (Arher) and black-gram (Ural) and Beans like Soya bean and pea.\nAll grams provide -. 350 cal (equal to cereals), apart from proteins, Vitamin B complex and minerals. Pulses are very rich sources of proteins (20-25 gm) in vegetarian diet, often termed as poor man’s meat. Nutritive value of Indian foods of pulses may be further enhanced by ‘Germination’ that increases Vitamin B & C content.\nHowever, pulse-proteins are deficient in methionine and cysteine. In addition, uncooked pulses also contain some anti-nutrient factors like phytates and tannins, which inhibit absorption of other nutrients like iron.\nSoya bean is a very rich source of protein (42 gm), though deficient in methionine. Soya-milk is also used as infant feed during lactose intolerance.\nVegetables are considered as protective foods (along with fruits) due to their high vitamin and mineral content.\nGreen leafy vegetables are essential in diet due to high Vitamin B (except B12), A and C content; high iron and calcium content, high fiber and water content and low caloric value (25-50 cal) i.e. anti-obesity effect.\nOther vegetables like potato, carrots, onion, radish etc. are of limited nutritive value, except to increase palatability of diet. However, some of them are good sources of vitamins like carrot (Vitamin A) or minerals like iron (radish, drum sticks). Roots & tubers like potato, sweat-potato and tapioca are rich in carbohydrates.\nFruits are valuable due to high vitamin content like Vitamin A (papaya and mango), Vitamin C (amla), High mineral content like calcium (custard apple) and potassium (coconut water), high caloric value like banana (100 cal), custard apple etc., High cellulose content (anti-constipating effect).\nDry fruits like dates, raisins and apricot are rich sources of calories, iron and calcium.\nNuts & oil seeds like groundnut, coconut, mustard on sunflower seeds are rich sources of fats.\nGroundnut is a very rich source of calories (-.550 cal) proteins (25-30 gm), also called as poor man’s cashew nut. Even after oil extraction, groundnut flour retains its protein value and has been used to make supplementary foods like Balahar.\nDry nuts like cashew nut, walnut, almonds, pistachio contain more fat than groundnut (35-65%), but less proteins. These nuts are good but costly source of minerals like calcium, phosphorus and iron.\nMilk is the wholesome food for all ages, being rich and quality source of most nutrients. Breast-feeding is the best source of nutrition in early infancy. Other milks may be divided into two categories animal milk, modified milk preparations like skimmed milk, toned milk, evaporated milk, dried milk powders etc.\na) Animal milk: Composition of various animal milks differs significantly, as follows:\n• Cow milk has a composition nearest to human milk with some differences (Table 5.4) and hence, commonly used for top feeding in infants, if necessary.\n* All approximate values, may vary with cooking practices and size of utensils. Standard size of utensils: Teaspoon: 5 ml, Tablespoon: 15 ml, Cup: 150 ml, Katori: 150 ml, Glass: 250 ml\n• Buffalo milk has very high fat and caloric content and hence, should be used only after proper dilution, especially in infancy.\n• Goat milk, though better digestible than the cow milk (less curd formation), is deficient in folic acid (megaloblastic anemia) and carries additional risk of causing brucellosis, if used without boiling.\nAs animal milk is regularly contaminated, boiling is essential before consumption. Currently all marketed milks are pasteurized for this purpose.\nPasteurization involves heating of raw milk at 63° for 30 minutes (or 72° for 15 seconds) followed by rapid cooling, to eliminate all pathogenic bacteria and reduce non-pathogenic bacterial count <50,000/mi. Pasteurization also improves digestibility of case in with less curd formation.\nb) Modified milk preparations include —\n• Skimmed milk is available in liquid and dried form (milk powders), prepared after removing most of the cream from animal milk, with fat content of 0.5% in full-skimmed milk or 1.5% in half-skimmed milk.\n• Toned milk, cheapest milk, is prepared by mixing natural milk, water and milk powder (1:1:8) followed by pasteurization before packaging. It has composition similar to cow milk.\n• Evaporated milks are commercial available as concentrated milk in liquid form, with long shelf-life for many months.\nSkimmed milk and evaporated milk should not be used for infant feeding due to high protein and mineral content that may cause dehydration. However, these milks are useful as a dietary supplement for older children during fresh milk shortage.\nCommercial milk formulas, modified according to the age-related requirements and fortified with various nutrients are available for top feeding, though these are costly and require careful reconstitution.\nEggs are known for their quality protein content (6 gm/ egg), containing all essential amino acids. Egg protein is considered as ideal or reference protein (NPU —96), with whom other proteins are compared. Milk and meat protein has an NPU of 75 and 80 respectively, while vegetable proteins have even lower NPU i.e. — 60-65%.\nBoiled egg is better than raw egg as boiling destroys ‘avidin’ – a substance that prevents biotin absorption. Eggs are also rich sources of energy (70 cal), vitamins (except Vitamin C) and minerals.\nSea-foods including fishes, are rich in quality proteins (15-25 gm%), unsaturated fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins and minerals like calcium, phosphorus and fluorine. Sea fish/foods also contain iodine that is deficient in fresh-water fishes. However, fish contains very little carbohydrates.\nMeat & animal organs like liver, are good sources of quality proteins (15-20 gm%), vitamins like Vitamin D & B complex, minerals like iron, zinc (but deficient in calcium).\nFats & oils are good sources of energy (9 cal/gm) and increase palatability of diet.\nVegetable oils are rich in EFA and PUPA (except coconut and palm oil), but contain little Vitamin A & D, unless fortified (vanaspati ghee). High PUPA content in vegetable oils limits hypercholesterolemia, obesity and consequent health problems. Coconut oil is rich in triglycerides, which are absorbed directly without micelles formation (bile-based absorption) and hence, useful source of energy in pre-terms and chronic liver disease.\nAnimal fats lack EPA and mainly contain saturated fatty acids with obesity-effect. However, animal fats are useful source of energy in malnourished children and contain plenty of fat-soluble vitamins.\nOther food products like sugar, condiments/spices and beverages have very limited dietary value, except to increase its palatability." ]

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[ "Kids And Lead Hazards\nAny child under age six should be tested for lead poisoning. Your pediatrician can do the test. Children should be tested first when they are about a year old, and once or twice thereafter.\nBe sure to request a venous blood-lead test, not just a finger-prick test. It costs about $15 to $25.\nIf a child’s blood lead level is above 10 micrograms per deciliter (10 µg/dL), it is high enough to indicate possible adverse effects.\nIf your child tests high for lead, you should pinpoint sources of lead in the child’s environment. In any house built before 1970, old lead paint is often the major source of lead poisoning. Paint in deteriorating condition—flaking, chipped, or cracked — is especially likely to cause hazardous lead exposure.\nAsk your local health department to test the paint from your home for lead. Or you can try a home test. Consumer Reports found two do-it-yourself-kits, Lead Check Swabs and Frandon Lead Alert, to be fast, and inexpensive. But they can only alert you to the presence of lead, not tell you how much is present.\nYou can cover lead paint with sheetrock or paneling or you can have it removed. Do not attempt a large removal job yourself. If you hire professional contractors, be sure they are adequately trained and have the proper equipment to contain the lead dust.\nFor removing deteriorating paint in small areas, do-it-yourselfers should use a wet method. Heat guns, sanding or scraping can be very dangerous and can make problems worse. Consumer Reports found Peel Away, a chemical stripper, very effective and safe for small jobs, but expensive. At half the price, 3M Safest Stripper is more economical, safe, and almost as effective. Be sure to wipe all surfaces and wet-clean the area.\nTo test your drinking water for lead, Consumer Reports recommends using a commercial lab. It found Water Test in Manchester, New Hampshire and National Testing Laboratories in Cleveland, Ohio to be most reliable. A typical test costs about $15-40. Also good choices are: Applied Technical Services in Marietta, Georgia and Suburban Water Testing Laboratories in Temple, Pennsylvania.\nIf your water contains lead above the EPA’s drinking water standard of 15 µg/liter, Consumer Reports recommends letting the water run for a couple of minutes before drawing water for drinking or cooking. Water that stays in pipes can pick up lead from the plumbing system; flushing the pipes eliminates the contaminated water.\nFor households with moderately elevated levels of lead in drinking water, the Omni Total OT-1 water filter is effective at removing lead. It costs about $100 and sits on the counter.\nAnother major source of childhood lead exposure is soil contaminated with lead dust from auto exhaust or from paint on the exterior surfaces of buildings. To keep children away from soil along the sides of houses, plant bushes there. Plant grass to cover exposed soil and don’t let toddlers play in the dirt." ]

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[ "In the Igala culture, certain solemn ceremonies are performed during the year in the practice of the people’s traditional, ancestral religion, called Ògwùchẹ́kwọ̣̀. Traditional rites are performed during a variety of social events, such as marriage, child-naming, dedication, funeral activities, conferment of titles, appeasement of spiritual entities and during festivals scheduled for both the rainy season and the dry season. The most common of Igala festivals are the Ìbégwú (Ancestral) and Ánẹ́ẹ̀ (Earth) Festivals. There are some festivals that are exclusively celebrated at Idah, the Igala capital, namely: Ócho, Ọ̀gbadù, Ọ̀ganyiganyi, Ọ́jọ́ Àmọmàtá and Inikpi. In the course of celebrating these festivals, specific rites are performed in order to maintain the balance of social peace and harmony. At personal level, an individual is, sometimes, required by the Ifa oracle to offer certain sacrifices to his or her personal god, Ọ́j́ọ́, or Ègbunu, Ìkpàkáchi, Óde-oji, Ẹ́bọ-ojí, all spiritual entities. Blood offerings, ranging from a four-legged animal to a hen or cockerel, tortoise, turtles, are made to them; sometimes, lizards (ògbèlè) are offered in the place of any of the items named.\nOn daily basis, the head of a household, usually a man, before he takes his meal, reverently drops a morsel of ‘ọ̀jẹ̀,’ any of the swallowed foods, on the ground in front of him, muttering: “Mẹ gbà kú mẹ jẹ.” (You all, take this and eat), addressing them. In actual fact, he believes that a clan of ancestors (Àmiìbégwú) will troop to his house and share that meal with him. In the same vein, before he takes a sip of any drink, even of water, he respectfully spills some on the ground beside him.\nCalling an Ancestor’s Name\nIt is also typical of an Igala man to observe a verbal rite of affectionately mentioning an ancestor’s name, when a shocking and untoward incident occurs, like a sudden death or other tragedy. He is wont to exclaim: “Hé-è-! Òkóliko àtá mi!” (Oh! Òkólíko, my father!” or “È-é-ẹ́, Ọ̀gẹ̀nẹ́ iye mi!” (Pity, Ọ̀gẹ̀nẹ́, my mother!” and so on. This usage underscores the familiarity that exists between the individual traditionalist and his ancestors who he believes is alive (even in death) and a helpful companion.\nMorning Òkwùtẹ̀ Rite\nThe unwritten Igala kingship constitution provides that every Àtá–Igala (Igala monarch) must perform the ‘Òkwùtẹ̀ Rite,’ every morning before he takes his breakfast. He is duty-bound to offer healthy kola-nuts and fresh, home-brewed corn-beer (ọ́tẹ́-ọkà) to the gods of the land and the spirits of his ancestors and predecessors. Nine ritual staffs (òkwùtẹ̀), representing the nine previous kings, are leaned on the wall and, the Ata, lifting a matching staff, mentions each ancestor’s name before making the offerings to him.\nAccording to Miles Clifford, “A Nigerian Chiefdom: Some Notes on the Igala Tribe in Nigeria and Their Divine- King” (p. 417-418), the Ata’s supplication goes like this: “The sun has arisen and I come, as is our custom, to greet you and bid you good health. If, oh ancestors, I am doing that which was done afore-time, and if I am your lawful successor, do then accept my offering and give heed to my prayer. Give health to my people; temper the seasons to our need, that the earth may bring forth crops in abundance. May our women be fruitful; keep evil and misfortune from us.”\nÈkwé, Head of Igala Incarnate Beings\nThe Èkwé Incarnate Being, is not only the Head of the Ata’s nine Royal Incarnate Beings but also all other such beings in the entire Igala kingdom. Èkwé is a symbolic representation of the collective ancestors of the Igala people, just as the Ata’s person epitomizes the cultural and secular values of the kingdom, while being the bridge between the worlds of the living and the dead." ]

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[ "I think I now understand Plato’s theory of the greater good. I believe that all of this is interwoven with justice, and that if he is able to teach people to follow his “rule” or example then, in this sense, a community can be created in which people strive to achieve a public good that goes beyond the individual need. This idea, however, is limited to the notion that people must hope and believe in this type of society, or else it couldn’t exist. I believe that most of the fundmental flaws in modern day society are a result of people drastically failing to work for the common good, instead branching off on their own uncharted and dangerous path to achieve success, fame, money, or all three of these while compromising societal growth.\nI disagree completely with this ideal that Plato has in The Republic. How could he have possibly conceived of a society where humans are motivated for the happiness of something other than themselves, something completely unified and together like a society? I think the irony in a society is that, although it agrees for the most part on legislation, certain norms, it is also composed of individuals who have completely opposing viewpoints to its main “objective”. If a society were true to its function, then nobody would speak of the “society” in any negative way because everyone would attempt to follow the common “agreement”. However, this is not the way the world runs: we are all individuals, from different parents and places, and I believe that there is no way this “unified State” idea is in any way conceivable. In many ways, I actually believe that it is far more interesting when individuals do not have to strive to please their community to be happy. Capitalism has produced some of the world’s greatest inventions and technological innovation, all because of personal incentives to do better and compete against other people in the same field. How would I be typing on this MacBook if it weren’t for Steve Jobs’ desire to become more successful and well known than Bill Gates for his advancement of the Apple product? Clearly, we’ve seen capitalism trump communism in the downfall of the Soviet Union and expansion of America’s economy because of democratic functions and private sector industries (not to sound too obnoxiously patriotic, but this is the truth). Everything that is relevant to my life runs on this simple concept, and this is not necessarily a bad thing, it’s just habitual for humans to behave like this. Plato’s idea is far too idealistic, and I think that he fails to recognize a fundamental human characteristic, which is our need to survive and therefore be selfish to a certain degree.\n“Shall I by justice reach the higher stronghold, or by deceit, and live entrenched securely?”\nQuoted from Plato’s The Republic.\nToday in class, we talked extensively about ethical relativism and subjectivity in terms of defining broad terms like “justice”. Although I understand what Alex and many other people are trying to argue when they say that a person’s definition of justice is entirely subjective to themselves, I politely disagree: there is such a thing as justice, and this entity is a byproduct of both our personal beliefs, what has been ingrained as living human beings, and other people’s interpretations and acceptance/denial of our view. Why do I think it is wrong to steal? Quite honestly, I was never born with this pre-existing ethical belief that stealing is wrong. Rather, I know if I were to steal from someone, I would probably take away something that they had worked hard to buy, or perhaps even strip away their right to eat food, or survive (if I stole food). And because I am human and value the importance of life, I am able logically interpret this action as detrimental to someone else, which makes me want to do it less. That’s not to say that I am some perfectly kind or altruistic human being, because I believe that everyone has their flaws, but because of my personal recognition I am able to identify a right and a wrong. In addition to this, society has instituted laws and consequences to stealing, which decreases my desire to do it. Lastly, I know that my family members would most likely condone and judge me for my actions, which forms a sense of “denial” or “lack of agreement” with my ethical decision, weakening my effort to steal in the future because their opinion matters to me.\nI guess my point after this long rant is to say that justice cannot exist solely based on an individual’s view. Like Hegel said, we are all aware of ourselves and able to access our sub-conscious only through the mutual recognition of another person’s consciousness. If we rely on human beings to survive, then how can we think up justice entirely on our own? Mustn’t we hinge at least a little on the opinions of others, and societies rules? It’s nice to conceive of a world where society does not govern our thinking, but unfortunately, I doubt that such a world exists, because we are simply too dependent on one another to survive, be happy, and lead a successful life.\nI now understand what this means more than ever, and I can now relate to this more than ever." ]

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[ "Many Ohio residents fall back on Medicaid when they get older or are struggling to make ends meet. Medicaid was created for low-income people as a public health insurance program. According to the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, the program provides insurance to one in five low-income Americans. Many of these individuals have costly and complex needs when it comes to medical care. Of the total personal health care spending in the United States, Medicaid finances nearly a fifth of it.\nThere is a partnership between the state and federal government when it comes to Medicaid. Through the program, individuals are entitled to certain benefits within the guidelines of the program and states are given matching federal funds for what they pay for a covered person’s health care. The federal government is responsible for defining the core requirements on benefits and eligibility while the state can manage the program set by the federal guidelines with a little more flexibility.\nMedicaid.gov lists mandatory benefits that are covered under Medicaid for those who qualify. These benefits include but are not limited to rural health clinic services, inpatient hospital services, transportation to and from medical care, nursing facility services, physician services and home health services. Some optional benefits include dental services, prescription drugs, hospice, eyeglasses, prosthetics, private duty nursing services and podiatry services.\nMedicaid caters to elderly individuals for things such as nursing home costs. It also covers those with disabilities such as children with autism, those with mental illness, HIV/AIDS and cerebral palsy. Finally, Medicaid is designed to service low-income families including children and pregnant women who require immunizations, speech therapy, emergency dental care and pre-natal care or delivery costs." ]

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[ "“You, yourself, as much as anybody in the entire universe, deserve your love and affection.”\n― Gautama Buddha\n“I’m no good.”\n“I’m not worth much.”\n“I don’t have anything to offer.”\n“Who would want someone like me?”\nHow does a person’s self-esteem get so low? When does the slide from healthy contentment and self-confidence to shame and persistent self-hatred begin?\nWhen does low self-esteem begin?\nWho you believe yourself to be really does feel like fact.\nIt really does seem that what you know about yourself is undeniably, inescapably true.\nBut no matter how strongly you feel, you should understand that what you believe about yourself is really just a conglomeration of internal opinions. These opinions result from a myriad of life experiences that you’ve consciously, and unconsciously, translated into messages about the type of person you are, and what you’re worth to others.\nYour experiences are powerful.\nNegative experiences often communicate negative messages, and soon, negative beliefs about yourself take root. And too often, your self-esteem begins its decline.\nAttacks on self-perception are defining moments.\nThe most formative experiences of our lives tend to occur early on. The things you heard, saw, and felt, physically and emotionally, make an indelible mark on your childhood self-perception. When the potential for positive interaction is abused, wasted, or ignored – intentionally or otherwise – it’s difficult to recover.\nEarly social theorist, George Herbert Mead (1934), suggested that early childhood self-esteem is generally a reflection of how meaningful others communicate their view of us. The messages you interpreted from your caregivers, family, neighborhood and school community influenced you. If you found yourself unattached, mistreated, or overlooked, your self-esteem took the hits.\nConsider this sampling of childhood self-esteem damagers:\n*persistent, ongoing, or systematic punishment\n*neglect or abuse from a person in authority or caretaker\n*failure to live up to parental standards\n*failure to meet peer-group standards\n*serving as the receiver of other people’s stress\n*belonging to a family or social group rejected or ostracised by others\n*living without the warmth, affection, praise, or interest of loved ones\n*consistently being the odd one out at home or school\nIt should be noted that self-esteem can be undermined later in life as well.\nA deluge of negative beliefs about yourself may be caused by a relationship with an abusive partner, workplace bullying, or by intimidation in other types of relationships. Well-known American psychologist of the last century, Leon Festinger, determined that social comparison plays a key role when building and amending our self-esteem later on too, as may occur in periods of economic or social hardship. Unchecked stress and trauma often damage the way people see themselves as well.\nFrom Defining Experiences to Stubborn Conclusions\nThe damaging experiences we internalise gnaw at us physically and emotionally. We take them with us. Our inner thoughts and self-talk take on the tone and language of those who set our self-esteem on its downward motion. General, unyielding conclusions are made. No matter how unhelpful, misguided, or misinformed, low self-esteem settles in.\nOnce the low-esteem train gets moving, it’s hard to stop it. It gains steam from damaging, defining experiences to general conclusions, to the unchallenged thinking that is consistent with our poor opinion of ourselves. If you live with low self-esteem, often shame, withdrawal, and embarrassment become constant companions. There is a significant toll taken on personal contentment and the potential for fulfilling relationships.\nTo improve your self-esteem, help from a trained professional is ideal. With help, you can identify and process the relationships and circumstances that are in your way, and start forming more positive opinions of yourself." ]

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[ "women who do not seem to give up their cup of coffee or tea may be interested in the results of a new study that shows that moderate drinking does not increase the risk. Although some studies have shown that caffeine may increase the risk of miscarriage, the study, which appears in the Nov. 25 issue of TheNew England Journal of Medicine, found that the rates were affected only in women who consumed caffeine in amounts equivalent more than five cups of coffee a day.Paraxanthine serum, the main by-product of caffeine was measured in about 600 women who have had abortions to less than 140 days of pregnancy. Li compared to nearly 2600 women who delivered live infants at 28 weeks of gestation or later and had blood drawn the day of pregnancy than women who had abortions. They found the Paraxanthine Mean serum was higher among women who have had abortions than other women.\nThe reason we decided to use this particular database because coffee consumption per capita in the U.S. peaked around 1962, it was appropriate that we have been able to access a database of pregnant women who were pregnant especially in 1960, the study’s lead author, Mark A. Newer studies actually took a number of major difficulties in recruiting women who consumed large amounts of caffeine during pregnancy. Klebanoff is a physician at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Bethesda, Maryland\nThe majority of women continue to drink caffeine during pregnancy, although they must still be advised to limit consumption.\nCaffeine is a stimulant that crosses the placenta, which means that it easily passes from mother to child. Largely based on data from animal studies demonstrate the negative effects of caffeine on the fetus, the FDA has recommended since 1981 that pregnant women avoid caffeine-containing foods and medications, if possible, or consume in moderation.\nThe miscarriage rate begin to increase among women who drink more than five cups of coffee a day.\nWe just looked at the risk of spontaneous abortions [Error] in this study and we have not seen any increase in risk as women consumed large amounts of caffeine, Klebanoff said. So I think the best advice is that moderation in all things is always a good idea, but there are things perhaps more important for pregnant women to worry about than whether a cup of coffee or two a day or a cup of tea a day or two Vital Information.:\nDrinking a moderate amount of caffeine does not appear to increase the risk of miscarriage in pregnant women.\nIn this study, Patapoutian et al have shown that nitric oxide is produced by the skin cells in the outer activation of receptors TRPV3.\nThis is very suggestive of nitric oxide acts as a signal carrier thermosensory from cells of nerve endings near the skin." ]

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[ "The key to getting kids engaged with writing exercises is to either give them some control in the exercise or to challenge them to a task. Furthermore, kids in first and second grade are learning both how to command language and utilize the various steps of the writing process to produce coherent, supported opinions, according to the Common Core State Standards Initiative. By infusing lessons with creative, task-oriented prompts, you can make these lessons exciting.\nFree writing is probably the most basic writing exercise, yet it can be one of the most fun and rewarding. Tell your kids that they are going to write for three minutes straight. They can write about whatever they want -- they can tell stories, write shopping lists or go from one idea to the next without stopping to explain. The only rule is that they must continue writing no matter what, even if they can't think of anything to write -- they can even begin with \"I don't know what to write.\" After they've finished, ask for volunteers to share their writing. Then, allow the group to comment on each others' work.\nThe kids are now all workers in your story factory. You give them instructions, and then they each have two minutes to write a complete story with a beginning, a middle and an end. Then, you will give them a new set of instructions, and they will have another two minutes to write a story. For example, your first instruction could be, \"Write how a silly superhero saves the day.\" The second prompt could be different, such as, \"You must begin with 'You're not going to believe this.'\" After they're finished, have them pair up and read each others' work. They can then help each other make their stories more interesting and finish those that are incomplete.\nTell the kids they will be writing about what makes a friend a best friend. Have them use one side of the paper to make a list of all the qualities that make a friend a best friend, such as loyalty and kindness, and then they can use the other side of the paper to write a paragraph about the subject. Afterward, have students read their work aloud and write on the chalkboard all of the qualities they use. This exercise will help familiarize them with the writing process -- specifically pre-writing -- and help them to specifically identify the qualities they value in a friend.\nExplain to the kids that they are going to write lines of dialogue. Have them imagine that they're on an elevator with one other person. This other person can be anyone they choose, as long as they either know the person or are familiar with them. For example, a boy could imagine himself with a favorite television character. Also, encourage the kids to choose somebody they feel strongly about -- either they really like them or strongly dislike them. Once they've chosen a person, have the kids imagine the elevator stopping suddenly and getting stuck. Then, have each student write the conversation they'd have with their person in the stuck elevator. Encourage them not to over-think it and to have fun. After a few minutes, ask volunteers to read their conversations.\n- Common Core State Standards Initiative: English Language Arts Standards: Writing: Grade 2\n- Young american Writers Project :YAWP Playwriting Residency Curriculum; Will Chandler and Emma Walton Hamilton\n- PBS Kids: Dot's Story Factory\n- Writing Prompts: 2nd Grade Writing Prompts\n- Jupiterimages/Pixland/Getty Images" ]

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[ "AHRQ toolkit helps hospitals improve antibiotic selection to reduce deadly C. difficile infections\nYour very sick hospital patient has just finished 7 days of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (cipro) for a urinary tract infection (UTI). The lab has found more bacteria in his urine. But he no longer has a fever or back pain indicating a UTI. The followup urine sample may simply have been contaminated. On the other hand, maybe he needs another course of antibiotics. But that may put him at risk of a potentially deadly Clostridium difficile infection. That was a recent dilemma faced by George McKinley, M.D., Infection Disease Specialist at St. Luke's Roosevelt hospital in New York City, and a typical one faced by today's doctors as they battle sometimes deadly healthcare-associated infections like C. difficile.\n\"The patient is debilitated, with multiple problems,\" recounts McKinley. \"I am very concerned that if he gets another course of antibiotics he will get a C. difficile infection. By trying to avoid that problem, could I be delaying the antibiotic treatment in a way that will put him at risk for another type of infection? These are the types of decisions we have to make all the time, calculating the risk and benefit of antibiotics.\"\nC. difficile infection is a potentially deadly infection that has been linked to certain antibiotics that are typically the broad-spectrum antibiotics most often used at a hospital, which target a broad range of bacterial infections. People most at risk of getting C. difficile infections are those in health care facilities where C. difficile bacteria can be transmitted to them from health care workers' hands, other patients, or surfaces such as toilet seats, bed rails, and food trays. Also at risk are patients taking antibiotics that destroy good intestinal bacteria that can defeat dangerous bacteria like C. difficile and sicker and older patients. Generally, the longer patients are on antibiotics, the greater their risk of getting C. difficile.\nInfection with C. difficile, which produces toxins in the colon, can range from mild diarrhea to damage to the bowel severe enough to lead to colon removal, sepsis, or even death. The number of patients hospitalized with C. difficile doubled between 2000 and 2007, with rates highest in the northeastern United States, according to data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). Rates seem to have leveled off from 2008 to 2010, but remain disturbingly high.\nAHRQ's new online \"Toolkit for Reduction of Clostridium difficile Infections Through Antimicrobial Stewardships\" helps hospitals improve the use of antibiotics by implementing an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) directly targeting C. difficile infections. It builds on a general antimicrobial stewardship toolkit developed by the Greater New York Hospital Association/United Hospital Fund. The toolkit helps individual hospitals identify antibiotics most linked to C. difficile infections at their hospital so they know which ones to target. The toolkit also guides hospitals in development of strategies to improve appropriate use of antibiotics. Sometimes this may involve consultation with the hospital infectious disease specialist before prescribing a targeted antibiotic, review of patients on broad-spectrum antibiotics like cipro that combat several types of bacteria to see if they can be put on more narrow-spectrum antibiotics (audit and feedback), and computerized alerts asking clinicians about the need to continue antibiotics for a patient. Finally, the toolkit helps hospitals consider organizational changes and resources needed to create and sustain an effective ASP; provides instructions on how to plan, implement, and adjust an ASP; and describes lessons learned from the 10 hospitals that participated in the C. difficile antibiotic stewardship project.\nAll the project hospitals that put in place elements of the antibiotic stewardship program directed at C. difficile decreased use of at least one targeted antibiotic associated with C. difficile, notes Belinda Ostrowsky, M.D., M.P.H., Director of the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program at the Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine and clinical principal investigator for the AHRQ toolkit project. \"Each of the hospitals has already tried techniques to clean the environment and improve infection control, such as hand washing and signage,\" says Ostrowsky. \"The toolkit adds a layer of being more sensible in antibiotic prescribing.\"\n\"There are antibiotics that are workhorses at many hospitals,\" explains Ostrowsky. \"For example, the quinolones, like cipro and moxifloxacin, are often used as antibiotic workhorses because they can be given orally. And in the past, they have been associated with the hyperendemic strain of C. diff., and we did see within the project hospitals that they were associated with many cases of C. diff.\"\nBut restricting hospital antibiotic use is not easy, notes McKinley. Some doctors find it difficult to restrain themselves from prescribing antibiotics. \"Antibiotics are life-saving interventions and many patients need antibiotics, and yet those patients get C. diff.,\" says McKinley. \"But to have a patient get C. diff. from an antibiotic that they didn't need or could have received an alternative antibiotic that might have been less prone to give them C diff., that is something we continually educate doctors about.\"\nPower of toolkit strategies and infection control\nMcKinley's hospital has been targeting the use of certain antibiotics for years in an effort to reduce healthcare associated infections. However, AHRQ's toolkit enabled the hospital to target specific antibiotics linked to C. difficile infections at the hospital (cipro, a quinolone, and cefepime, a cephalosporin). Using the C. difficile toolkit, immediate patient isolation with onset of diarrhea without waiting for laboratory confirmation of C. difficile, contact precautions (use of gowns and gloves and strict hand washing), and stringent surface disinfection policies, his hospital was able to reduce hospital-onset C. difficile infections by 50 percent in August 2012 compared with 2009.\nThe Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, another project hospital, did a case-control study that found that cipro (and the quinolone antibiotics in general) and Zosyn® (a broad-spectrum antibiotic from the pencillin family) were the two most often used antibiotics at the hospital and most linked to C. difficile infections. Frank Palmieri, Ph.D., R.Ph., Antibiotic Clinical Pharmacist at the hospital, Frances Petersen, R.Ph., M.P.H., Director of Infection Control, and their team started an intravenous (IV) to oral program. The key question to clinicians was, \"Do you really need to continue the antibiotic?\"\nWith the hospital programmer, they built a program to work with the hospital system's computerized physician order entry program. For example, after physicians ordered an initial 3-day supply of IV cipro and went on the system to reorder the antibiotic, a popup message would ask them to consider if they really needed to continue with IV cipro or might be able to switch to oral cipro according to the guidelines. Many times the physician did switch to the oral medication or stop the antibiotic altogether after the 3 days.\nHCUP Data on C. difficile Hospitalizations\n- In 2009, there were 336,600 hospitalizations that involved C. difficile infection (CDI)—nearly 1 percent of all hospital stays.\n- In 2009, patients 85 years and older had the highest rate of CDI hospitalizations—1,089 versus only 11 per 100,000 population for patients younger than 18.\n- CDI hospitalizations doubled between 2001 and 2005, then leveled off during 2008 to 2010.\n- Among patients diagnosed in 2009 with CDI during hospitalization, 4.8 percent were readmitted to the hospital within 30 days and 6.9 percent within 90 days principally for CDI. Another 12.8 percent were readmitted within 30 days and 17.2 percent within 90 days for any listing of CDI.\n- Nearly half (49 percent) of long-term care patients hospitalized with CDI were readmitted to the hospital within 90 days for any cause.\nFor more information, on the HCUP report on CDIs in hospital stays in 2009 go to http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb124.pdf (Plugin Software Help). You can view the HCUP report on rehospitalizations for Clostridium difficile at http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb145.pdf (Plugin Software Help).\nC. difficile cases drop by half\n\"In addition to asking if the continuation of ciprofloxacin was necessary, we also looked at our treatment guidelines that included this antibiotic,\" adds Palmieri. \"This led to a major change in recommending quinolones [including cipro] upfront for urinary tract infections and even the pneumonias. The result has been that we are now using half the amount of ciprofloxacin and have seen our number of C. diff cases drop by the same amount.\"\nThe hospital received a letter from the New York State Department of Health recently asking them how they were able to significantly lower their C. difficile rates from 2007 to 2011. Petersen attributed this success to a bundle of strategies. They included special protocols for cleaning patient isolation rooms, in-service training of staff on proper room cleaning, placing patients with positive C. difficile labs on immediate contact precautions with a special sign outside the patient's door, and their ASP.\nThe hospital had a general ASP that developed and matured, but working on the toolkit project helped them focus. Says Petersen, \"When you start a program, you want to tackle 8 million issues at one time. Focusing on one thing and seeing that it works, leads you to the next step. You have to take one step at a time.\"\nPetersen recently had a relative at the hospital who had C. difficile infection. \"He was being treated [with antibiotics] for pneumonia,\" she recalls. \"Honestly I thought he was going to die. I've never seen anything like that in my life. The fact that they discontinued antibiotics, changed them, and medically managed him made a difference. He was delirious. I didn't think he was going to make it, and he's not that old. They saved him.\" Palmieri's father was at another hospital with C. difficile infection in the past year. It was close and took his father 6 weeks to be clear of the infection. A small group of patients with C. difficile infections are repeatedly readmitted to the hospital—even over a period of years—for relapse of the infection.\nToolkit helps hospitals modify antibiotic selection\nAHRQ's toolkit helps hospitals modify antibiotic selection to prevent such devastating infections. Palmieri sees great promise in the toolkit, especially for hospitals that are starting ASPs. \"They don't know what direction to go or how to start, and the toolkit gives great guides to get them going,\" he says. While team membership will vary among hospitals, the traditional core ASP team includes an infectious disease physician and a pharmacist (Pharm.D.), and perhaps a clinical microbiologist, infection preventionist, and hospital epidemiologist. An information technology representative and senior administrator often act as liaisons to support and supplement the core ASP team members. Ostrowsky and her team have a close relationship with the infection control people and nurses on the floor taking care of the patients to make sure they are collecting the C. difficile samples and asking prescribers if they still need to have the patient on an antibiotic or whether the course can be shortened.\n\"Part of teamwork is having the prescribers believe there's a problem,\" says Ostrowsky. \"We work with the chief residents, head of the hospital service, and people who coordinate the emergency doctors so we can get the educational information out there. It's changing the culture.\"\nOstrowsky points out that some bacteria are already developing resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics like cipro due to their overuse. The contribution of commonly used antibiotics to C. difficile infections is also a problem. \"If there were a lot of new antibiotics, we wouldn't be having this conversation,\" she asserts. \"But the problem is that we don't have that many new antibiotics coming down the road, so we need to be smart about how we use the ones that we have.\"\nOstrowsky believes the toolkit project has raised awareness of the problem of certain antibiotics and C. difficile infections and the importance of ASPs. \"Our antimicrobial stewardship programs look at antibiotic use in the whole facility, and a lot of times physicians will look at one patient at a time and don't see the whole picture. What's nice about the antimicrobial stewardship programs is that people who develop them are often the people who have a more global view.\"\nThe toolkit's description of lessons learned and strategies developed by the project hospitals can help hospitals think about what may work for their circumstances. Says Ostrowsky, \"The toolkit gives examples of ways you might start to tackle these problems so you don't have to reinvent the wheel.\" The toolkit is available at http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/cdifftoolkit.\nReturn to Contents\nProceed to Next Article" ]

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[ "Jewish World Review March 24, 2005 / 13 Adar II, 5765\nNevada's Big Test\nBeyond the ridge is Frenchman Flat, where above-ground nuclear tests were a spectator sport between 1951 and 1962. Residents of Las Vegas took lawn chairs into the mountains to watch mushroom clouds rise into dawn skies. The Flat, still flecked with seared and twisted metal from vehicles and structures exposed to the blasts, is 65 miles from the Las Vegas Strip.\nThat is America's nuclear past. The future perhaps; Nevada says \"never!\" is beneath this mountain, 25 more miles northwest. Here a crucial component of the nation's nuclear capability, civilian and military, is being built.\nSo far, preparing this nuclear waste repository has cost $5 billion, most of it from fees paid by customers of utilities generating electricity by nuclear power. The rest of the money is government payment for the military's waste.\nSculpting the mountain's interior carving 41 miles of storage tunnels and 16 miles of access tunnels and doing the science to gauge its geologic suitability is a challenge almost as daunting as the construction of the Panama Canal. It is supposed to solve this problem:\nOne-fifth of the nation's electricity is generated by nuclear power. Were that share substantially increased, that would reduce dependence on fuels (oil, coal, natural gas) that have large environmental and geopolitical drawbacks. Also, 40 percent of the Navy's fleet is nuclear-powered. Nuclear power plants have created almost 50,000 metric tons of spent fuel, with more produced daily. Once solidified, today's 100 million gallons of nuclear waste from past reprocessing activities will also be placed in the repository.\nNuclear waste is stored at 125 above-ground sites inherently temporary and insecure in 39 states, mostly near rivers, lakes and seacoasts, and within 75 miles of 161 million Americans. Most nuclear power plants are near population centers to reduce the loss of power during transmission.\nThe waste might be buried in this mountain, 1,000 feet underground and on 1,000 feet of rock, for at least 10,000 years. One can say only \"might be\" because the regulatory process which already has taken more than twice as much time as it took to plan and accomplish the moon landing, and which is now a matter of dueling scientists might last 10,001 years.\nThe dueling is about whether safe storage of the waste can be guaranteed for 10,000 years, or perhaps a million years the span of projected geological stability for the mountain area. That is quite a while: 10,000 years ago, agriculture was just being born as humans, moving beyond a hunter-gatherer economy, were learning to domesticate plants.\nNevada asks: Can the safekeeping of the waste be absolute, forever? The answer, of course, is no nothing is that certain. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission will decide whether the repository can begin receiving waste after evaluating scientific studies conducted in the bowels of this mountain. Two federal agencies are investigating accusations that some federal scientists falsified data to make the mountain seem safe.\nStoring nuclear waste, which decays very slowly and emits great heat while doing so, has been studied since 1955, when nuclear submarine propulsion technology was adapted to generate electricity. After considering storage on the seabed or a remote island or in the polar ice sheets, or rocketing the waste into orbit around the sun, the government settled on deep geologic storage as the preferred solution. Some Kansas salt mines were considered, but the mines were too difficult to seal and, besides, Kansas became, as Nevada is now, obstreperous.\nThe crucial questions are how water permeates this mountain, and how heat from the waste might affect the mountain's hydrology. The federal government's case for this mountain's suitability is:\nThe volcanic and seismic risks are factored into designs. Average annual precipitation is very low, 7.5 inches, 95 percent of which runs off the mountain or into vegetation root systems. Even assuming that coming millennia will be slightly cooler, hence wetter the evidence of fossilized pack rats' nests at least 35,000 years old hydrological and chemical conditions in the mountain would cause corrosion of just 0.03 inches in 10,000 years, such is the metallurgical sophistication of the proposed waste containers.\nScientists here say their confidence in the repository's safety rests on assumptions that \"are almost absurdly conservative.\" Nevada's vehement disagreement will be examined in a subsequent column.\nEvery weekday JewishWorldReview.com publishes what many in Washington and in the media consider \"must reading.\" Sign up for the daily JWR update. It's free. Just click here." ]

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[ "The New Yorker, February 22, 1988 P. 43\nTHE CONTROL OF NATURE about cooling a lava flow in Iceland in 1973. A volcanic eruption began on Jan. 23 in Heimaey, the largest island of the Vestmannaeyjar group. Red-hot lava was threatening a town of 5000 & an important harbor. The vent was a nascent volcano. As the entire nation watched on TV a small crew with fire hoses squirted the front of the lava. This was in Feb., 1973. Cooling the lava was the idea of physicist Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson. His idea was met with skepticism but he was impressed by the early results of his experiment. Where th hoses had played on the lava its movement was arrested, while the unwatered flow on either side moved on. As the spreading lava advanced in the direction of the town pumps obtained from the mainland drew water from the sea in an effort to save houses. Tells about the war-like operation & the participants. Tells about the beginnings of the eruption resulting from an earthquake. The size of the fissure which opened was more than two miles long, on & off the island. Three hours after the first erupion 4000 people left the island. Tells about the evacuation & the effects of the lava flow." ]

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[ "We’re continuing our roll and color math games series this week with a spring flower theme math set. In each set kids get the opportunity to practice various preschool through first grade math skills in a fun hands-on way.\nThis free printable excerpt from the full set can be used to practice identifying numbers and sets for zero through five.\nWe like to use our math games sets in few ways. If you’d like to use the set over and over again you can use manipulatives like small pom poms, sunflower seeds, or mini erasers to cover the correct numbers as you play. You could also use sheet protectors and dry erase markers.\nFor added fun using our mini erasers my kids liked to see if they could stack the correct amount before it toppled over.\nIf you have do-a-dot markers they can also be used to mark the correct flowers as you play.\nUse different colors so you have a colorful garden of flowers when the game is done.\nIn this free printable set you get a game board and game cube to practice identifying the number zero through five. These skills are most appropriate for preschool and kindergarten students. If you’d like to practice other skills or need more options for differentiating instruction then the full 28 page game set may be best for your needs." ]

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[ "Ploughing the deep sea floor by trawlers causing large scale morphological re-modeling of continental slopes\nHere we show that on upper continental slopes, the reworking of the deep sea floor by trawling gradually modifies the shape of the submarine landscape over large spatial scales. We found that trawling-induced sediment displacement and removal from fishing grounds causes the morphology of the deep sea floor to become smoother over time, reducing its original complexity as shown by high-resolution seafloor relief maps. Our results suggest that in recent decades, following the industrialization of fishing fleets, bottom trawling has become an important driver of deep seascape evolution. Given the global dimension of this type of fishery, we anticipate that the morphology of the upper continental slope in many parts of the world’s oceans could be altered by intensive bottom trawling, producing comparable effects on the deep sea floor to those generated by agricultural ploughing on land.\nNo related posts." ]

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[ "A reamer drill bit is a type of drill bit that has a cutting edge to remove material from the hole it's drilled in. Reamers are used for deburring holes that have been drilled.\nReamer drill bits are available in many different sizes and shapes, the most common being square, round or hexagonal. They are available in different materials, including steel and carbide.\nThe main use of a reamer drill bit is to remove burrs from holes drilled by other tools, such as saws or routers. These burrs can cause problems with mating parts not fitting correctly together. Reaming will remove these burrs so that the part fits together better.\nReaming involves using two different types of drill bits: one for drilling through metal and another for drilling through wood or plastic. This is because metal has a much higher resistance than wood or plastic when drilling into it. Therefore, it requires more force from your drill motor than wood or plastic.\nAt RS, we have both machine reamer bits and hand reamer bits. There are two basic types of reamers:\nReamer can be utilized in every industry, from machining and jewelry creation to metal fabrication. There are numerous locations where reamers can be useful. Reaming is a technique for enlarging holes and leveling off crooked surfaces. They can be used on several surfaces and in various sizes and forms.\nReaming is an essential cutting operation in metal manufacturing. Reaming drill bit is widely used in the industry of drilling, spotting and other processing. The reaming technology is divided into machine reamer drill bits and hand reamer drill bits.\nMachine reamer bits are used for machine reaming. They have a tapered shank and a cylindrical body. This reamer style is normally used in high-volume production environments where the need to change tools quickly is great. The shank on this reamer features a Morse taper, which allows it to be quickly removed from the spindle and replaced with another tool.\nMachine reamers are available in solid carbide and high-speed steel (HSS) varieties. This reamer bit for metal is used when drilling holes in metal or plastic material with an existing hole that needs to be enlarged or opened up so that a larger shaft can fit through the opening.\nHand reamers are used for hand-reaming operations only. They are not meant for use in a machine shop environment. These bits differ from machine reamer bits primarily because their bodies do not feature a tapered shank but a straight one. Hand reamer bits also do not have Morse tapers on their shanks and, therefore, cannot be removed from their spindles as easily as machine reamers can be.\nA Reamer drill bit set is a set of reaming tools that consist of a round shank and a cutting tool. The reamer set is used to enlarge or finish the hole made by another tool.\nReaming is one of the most common operations performed in metalworking, especially when making holes for pins, shafts, studs, and other parts. Reamers are available in many different configurations and sizes to fit various applications." ]

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[ "- Since 1960s, great increase in amount of divorces in UK. Doubled between 1961 & 9169 & again by 1972. 1993 - peaking at 180,000. fallen to 157,000 in 2001.\n- 40% of all marriages will end in divorce.\n- 7/10 divorce applications come from women.\n- Marriages at higher risk include those who marry young, have a child before they marry, cohabit before marriage & those where one or both partners have been married before.\n- Reasons for divorce increase:\n- Changes in the law - Divorce cheaper, grounds for divorce widened. Desertation, legal separation and empty shell marriages.\n- Declining Stigma & Changing Attitudes - divorce is more socially acceptable than in the past.\n- Secularisation - tradition and religion is playing less of a role in marriage.\n- Rising Expectations of Marriage - that love is only reason for marriage. No love = marriage pointless\n- Changes in the Position of Women - women less dependent on husbands, paid work, equality in pay, girls have better success in education.\nNew Right: high divorce is undesirable because it undermines the traditional nuclear family. Creates an underclass and boys do not have an adult male role model.\nFeminists: high divorce rate desirable because it shows that women are breaking free from oppression.\nPostmodernists: high divorce rate is giving individuals freedom. Cause of family diversity.\nFunctionalists: high divorce rate does not prove that marriage institution is under threat. High rates of re-marriage show peoples commitment to idea of marriage.\nInteractionists: everyones interpretation of divorce is different." ]

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[ "Moisture susceptibility is a primary cause of distress in HMA pavements. HMA should not degrade substantially from moisture penetration into the mix. HMA mixtures may be considered susceptible to moisture if the internal asphalt binder-to-aggregate bond weakens in the presence of water. This weakening, if severe enough, can result in stripping (Figure 1).\nTo measure the potential for moisture damage to HMA mixtures, moisture susceptibility testing can be performed. Results from the moisture susceptibility test may be used to predict the potential for long-term stripping and to evaluate anti-stripping additives, which are added to the asphalt binder, aggregate, or HMA mixture to help prevent stripping.\nMoisture damage is the result of moisture interaction with the asphalt binder-aggregate adhesion within a HMA mixture. This interaction can cause a reduction of adhesion between the asphalt binder and aggregate (Figure 2 and Figure 3), called stripping, which can lead to various forms of HMA pavement distress including rutting and fatigue cracking.\nOver the years, many different tests have been used to evaluate a particular HMA mixture’s susceptibility to moisture damage. These tests range from simple (e.g., the boiling test) to the more complex (e.g., Hamburg wheel tracking test). The moisture susceptibility test specified by Superpave mix design is typically called the modified Lottman test. This test is described in the Test Description section. This section, taken largely from Hicks (1991) describes the actual moisture damage mechanism, factors influencing moisture damage, preventative measures and alternative tests.\nAsphalt Binder and Aggregate Adhesion\nMoisture damage is the reduction in adhesion between the asphalt binder and aggregate surface in an HMA mixture. In order to understand its causes and preventive measures, a brief discussion of adhesion mechanisms is presented here. There are 4 principal means of asphalt binder-aggregate adhesion:\n- Mechanical. Asphalt binder gets into the surface irregularities and pores of the aggregate and hardens causing a mechanical lock. Moisture on the aggregate can interfere with asphalt binder penetration into the aggregate and decrease the mechanical lock, thus increasing susceptibility to stripping.\n- Chemical. A chemical reaction between the asphalt binder and aggregate surface occurs causing chemical adhesion. In general, aggregates with acidic surfaces do not react as strongly with asphalt binders. This weaker reaction may not be strong enough to counter other moisture damage factors.\n- Adhesion tension. The tension between the asphalt binder and aggregate at the wetting line (as a drop spreads over a surface, the edge of the drop is the “wetting line”) is generally less than the tension between water and aggregate. Therefore, if all three are in contact, water will tend to displace asphalt binder. This can result in poor wetting of the aggregate surface by the asphalt binder and lead to stripping. This interfacial tension between asphalt binder and aggregate varies with asphalt binder type, aggregate type and aggregate surface roughness.\n- Molecular orientation. When in contact with aggregate, asphalt molecules tend to orient themselves in relation to the ions on the aggregate surface essentially creating a weak attraction between the asphalt binder and aggregate surface. If water molecules, which are dipolar, are more polar than asphalt binder molecules, they may preferentially satisfy the energy demands of the aggregate surface. The resulting weak asphalt binder-aggregate bond can result in stripping.\nFactors Influencing Moisture Damage\nMoisture susceptibility is a complex phenomenon dependent upon the previously discussed mechanisms. The nature of these mechanisms and their interaction makes it difficult to predict with certainty whether a particular characteristic will be the overriding factor in determining moisture susceptibility. In general, moisture susceptibility is increased by any factor that increases moisture content in the HMA, decreases the adhesion of asphalt binder to the aggregate surface or physically scours the asphalt binder. Each of the factors listed below influence moisture susceptibility to some degree but no single one is a foolproof benchmark for predicting moisture susceptibility.\n- Asphalt binder characteristics. Viscosity is important because it may indicate higher concentrations of asphaltenes (large polar molecules). Polar molecules can create greater adhesion tension and molecular orientation adhesion. Therefore, lower viscosities, which may represent lower concentrations of asphaltenes, are generally more susceptible to stripping. Individual components in asphalt binder such as sulfoxides, carboxylic acids, phenols and nitrogen bases can also affect stripping potential.\n- Aggregate characteristics (Figure 4). In general, aggregates that are hydrophilic (attract water) are more likely to strip than aggregates that are hydrophobic (repulse water). To address this, either stripping-susceptible aggregates can be avoided or an anti-stripping asphalt binder modifier can be used. The key aggregate properties that determine this hydrophilic/hydrophobic characteristic are:\n- Surface chemistry. Surfaces that can more readily form bonds with the asphalt binder are less likely to cause stripping. In general, a more acidic aggregate surface is more susceptible to stripping. Iron, magnesium, calcium and perhaps aluminum are considered beneficial, while sodium and potassium are considered detrimental (Hicks, 1991).\n- Porosity and pore size. Pore size is the critical factor. If pores are large enough to allow asphalt binder entry, they may be a contributor to moisture susceptibility. High porosity results in high absorption, which means that more asphalt binder must be used to achieve the desired effective asphalt binder content. Conversely, if high porosity is not considered, for a given amount of asphalt binder, more will be absorbed and less will be available to create the asphalt binder film around aggregate particles causing faster aging and possibly stripping.\n- Air voids. The extent to which pores in the aggregate absorb asphalt binder affects the volume of air voids in the HMA mixture. When HMA air voids exceed about 8 percent by volume, they may become interconnected and allow water to easily penetrate the HMA and cause moisture damage through pore pressure or ice expansion. To address this, HMA mix design adjusts asphalt binder content and aggregate gradation to produce design air voids of about 4 percent. Excessive air voids can be either a mix design or a construction problem and this section only addresses the mix design problem.\n- Construction weather. Cool weather construction can lead to insufficient compaction, resulting in high air voids and a relatively permeable HMA pavement. This increases the likelihood of water in the pavement structure and thus, moisture damage. Wet weather can also increase the moisture content in the constructed HMA.\n- Climate. Wetter climates, freeze-thaw cycles and temperature fluctuations can all allow more moisture into the HMA structure thus increasing the likelihood of moisture damage.\n- Traffic.If water is present in the HMA structure, increased traffic loading can accelerate moisture damage for 2 reasons:\n- Pore pressure buildup. If water is in the aggregate pores and cannot escape, traffic loading will tend to compress these pores and cause a pressure buildup, which could push asphalt binder away from the aggregate surface.\n- Hydraulic scouring. Wheel passes over a HMA pavement tend to move water in the pavement. This movement causes a scouring action that could remove asphalt binder from the aggregate surface.\n- Prevent moisture penetration into the HMA pavement. Reduce the permeability of the pavement structure by manipulating air void content, lift thickness and gradation (Figure 5 and Figure 6). Additionally, surface treatments such as fog seals, slurry seals or bituminous surface treatments (BSTs) can essentially waterproof the HMA surface.\n- Pretreat aggregate. Modify aggregate surface properties to replace ions that are likely to contribute to poor asphalt binder-aggregate adhesion.\n- Anti-strip additives.Add chemicals or lime to the asphalt binder or HMA to prevent moisture damage (Figure 7).\n- Chemicals. Generally work to reduce surface tension in the asphalt binder, which promotes better wetting, as well as impart an electrical charge to the asphalt binder that is opposite that of the aggregate surface charge. Most chemical additives contain amines and are added at about 0.1 to 1.0 percent by weight of asphalt binder. Chemical additives are generally added to asphalt binder prior to mixing with aggregate but this can cause some waste as not all the additive is guaranteed to reach the critical asphalt binder-aggregate interface. Some additives can be added to the aggregate before mixing with asphalt binder so that all the additive is on the aggregate surface.\n- Lime (Figure 8) . Works by replacing negative ions on an aggregate surface with positive calcium ions, resulting in better asphalt binder-aggregate adhesion. Also reacts with molecules in both the asphalt binder (carboxylic acid) and aggregate (acidic OH groups) that results in molecules that are more readily absorbed on the aggregate surface or molecules that are less likely to be dissociate and associate with water molecules. Lime is usually added at about 1.0 to 1.5 percent by total aggregate weight. Moisture is needed to activate the lime, so lime is usually added as a slurry or added to slightly moist aggregate.\n- Boiling test (ASTM D 3625). Add loose HMA to boiling water and measure the percentage of total visible area of aggregate surface that retains its asphalt binder coating. The test is simple but is subjective, does not involve any strength determination and examining the fine aggregate is difficult.\n- Static-immersion test (AASHTO T 182). HMA sample is immersed in water for 16 to 18 hours and then observed through the water to measure the percentage of total visible area of aggregate surface that retains its asphalt binder coating. This test is also simple but subjective and does not involve any strength determination.\n- Lottman test. Tests 3 sets of compacted samples. Group 1, the control group, is not conditioned. Group 2, representing field performance at 4 years, is subjected to vacuum saturation with water. Group 3, representing field performance at 4 to 12 years, is subjected to vacuum saturation and a freeze-thaw cycle. A split tensile test is performed on each sample and the ratio of the indirect tensile strength of the conditioned samples is compared to the control group as a ratio. A minimum tensile strength ratio (TSR) of 0.70 to 0.80 is often used as a standard.\n- Tunnicliff and Root conditioning. Similar to the Lottman test, this test uses only 2 groups and eliminates the freeze-thaw group.\n- Modified Lottman (AASHTO T 283). A combination of the Lottman and Tunnicliff and Root tests. It compares the split tensile strength of unconditioned samples to samples partially saturated with water. The test subjects the conditioned group to partial vacuum saturation and an optional freeze-thaw cycle. Although it is expected that the water conditioned samples will have a lower tensile strength, excessively low values indicate the potential for moisture damage.\n- Immersion-compression (AASHTO T 165). Similar to a modified Lottman test, but the conditioned samples are only placed in water (not vacuum saturated) and an unconfined compressive strength test is used instead of the split tensile test. Precision is not good and samples showing obvious signs of stripping can give a strength ratio of near 1.0.\n- Hamburg wheel-tracking device. Compacted HMA samples are tested underwater. Results give a relative indication of moisture susceptibility.\n- AASHTO T 283: Resistance of Compacted Bituminous Mixture to Moisture-Induced Damage\n- ASTM D 4867: Effect of Moisture on Asphalt Concrete Paving Mixtures\n- Up to 4 days of sample preparation\n- 16 hours for the freeze cycle\n- 24 hours for the thaw cycle\n- 2 hours for getting samples to test temperature\n- 30 minutes to run conditioned and unconditioned sample sets through the indirect tensile test\nVarious measures can be taken to prevent, or at least minimize, moisture damage. These measures range from material selection, to construction practice, pavement design and HMA additives:\nMoisture Susceptibility Tests\nIn general, moisture susceptibility tests do not measure individual factors but rather attempt to quantify a HMA mixture’s ability to resist moisture damage, no matter what the source. They are typically capable of providing gross results or comparative results and are not able to predict the degree of moisture damage. A brief description of the major tests for moisture susceptibility follows:\nAll of these tests have weaknesses that result in an ongoing search for a better moisture susceptibility test. These weaknesses, in addition to the ones discussed above, tend to be issues with repeatability and reproducibility of test results and questionable predictive ability. Also, small variations in key HMA parameters such as air voids (Va), can substantially affect test results.\nThe following description is a brief summary of the test. It is not a complete procedure and should not be used to perform the test. The complete test procedure can be found in:\nTwo sets of HMA samples are subjected to a split tensile test (often called an indirect tensile” test). One set is conditioned by partial vacuum saturation with water, soaking in water for 24 hours and an optional freeze-thaw cycle. The other set is used as a control. The ratio of the average split tensile strength of the conditioned samples over the average split tensile strength of the unconditioned (control) samples is reported as the tensile strength ratio (TSR). Figure 9 shows the split tensile test setup.\nApproximate Test Time\nThe total test time can be up to 6 days. Major components are:\n- Prepare 6 HMA samples. Samples are usually 6 inches (150 mm) in diameter and 4 inches (100 mm) thick. After mixing has occurred, allow the HMA to cool to room temperature for 2 hours.\nSamples of other sizes may be used. If aggregate larger than 1 inch (25 mm) is present in the HMA, a larger sample size should be used.\n- Cure the HMA in an oven at 140°F (60°C) for 16 hours.\n- After curing, place HMA in an oven at 275°F (135°C) for two hours before compaction.\n- Compact mix to 7 percent air voids, or a void level expected in the field, using the SGC, California kneading compactor or Marshall hammer.\n- Store the compacted samples at room temperature for 72 to 96 hours.\n- Determine the theoretical maximum specific gravity (Gmm), bulk specific gravity (Gmb), height, volume and air void content (Va) of each sample.\n- Divide the six samples into two subsets of three. The average air void content (Va) for each subset should be similar. One subset will be “unconditioned” (tested in a dry state) and the other will be “conditioned” (tested in a saturated state).\n- Unconditioned samples. While the conditioned samples are being conditioned, the unconditioned samples sit at room temperature.\n- Wrap samples in plastic or put them in a heavy duty leak proof bag.\n- Store samples at room temperature until testing.\n- Place each sample in a vacuum container supported above the container bottom by a spacer and fill the container with water until the sample is covered by 1 inch (25 mm) of water.\n- Apply a vacuum of 10 – 26 inches Hg partial pressure (13 – 67 kPa absolute pressure) for 5 to 10 minutes (Figure 10).\n- Remove the vacuum and let the sample sit under water for another 5 to 10 minutes.\n- Calculate bulk specific gravity (Gmb) and compare the SSD mass with the SSD mass obtained in step 6 to determine the volume of absorbed water.\n- Determine degree of saturation by comparing volume of absorbed water with volume of air voids (Va) obtained in step 6.\nIf the calculated saturation of a sample is below 55 percent, repeat the saturation procedure. If the calculated saturation of a sample is above 80 percent, the sample is considered damaged and must be discarded.\nIf freeze-thaw conditioning is desired, wrap each sample in plastic and place it in a plastic bag containing 0.6 in3 (10 mL) of water. Seal the bag and place it in a freezer at 0°F (-18°C) for at least 16 hours.\n- Moisture condition the samples by placing them in a bath of distilled water at 140°F (60°C) for 24 hours (Figure 11). If the samples were freeze-thaw conditioned, remove the plastic from the samples as soon as possible after placement in the bath.\n- Place samples in a 77 °F (25 °C) water bath for a minimum of 2 hours (Figure 12).\n- Run an indirect tension test on each sample by placing the sample between the two bearing plates (Figure 13) in the testing machine and applying the load at a constant rate of 2 inches/minute (50 mm/minute) (Video 1).\nMake sure the load is applied along the diameter of the sample.\n- Record the tensile strength values and calculate and report the tensile strength values.\nThe ultimate parameter to be measured is the tensile strength ratio (TSR). However, in order to get this measurement the following other parameters need to be measured:\n- Theoretical maximum specific gravity (Gmm) of each sample\n- Bulk specific gravity (Gmb) of each sample\n- Air void content (Va) of each sample\n- Percent saturation of the conditioned samples\n|Material||Value||Specification||HMA Distress of Concern|\n|HMA||Tensile strength ratio||≥ 0.80||Moisture damage, stripping|\nTypical TSR values range from 0.70 to 0.90. Depending on the type of HMA mixture, it is not uncommon to see values below 0.70 or above 0.90.\nCalculations (Interactive Equation)\nCalculate the tensile strength as follows:\n- St = tensile strength (psi)\n- P = maximum load (lbs)\n- t = sample thickness (inches)\n- D = sample diameter (inches)\nExpress the resistance to moisture damage as a ratio of the unconditioned sample tensile strength that is retained after the conditioning.\nCalculate the TSR as follows:\n- TSR = tensile strength ratio\n- S1 = average tensile strength of unconditioned samples\n- S2 = average tensile strength of conditioned samples" ]

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[ "The Pentagon plans to turn a small, volcanic island in the Pacific Ocean into a live-fire training ground for the U.S. military, although the residents of nearby islands object.\nThe military says its proposed action for the 18-square-mile Pagan Island in the Northern Marianas is necessary to help the U.S. Pacific Command maintain, equip, and train combat and humanitarian forces in the Western Pacific.\nBut advocacy groups are up in arms. “The impact of destroying Pagan is like the heartache most Americans would suffer from the destruction of Yosemite National Park,” said Peter Perez, an advocate for Chamorro issues.\nLocated in the Northern Marianas — a U.S. commonwealth territory — Pagan Island is one of the most biologically and geologically diverse islands in the area. It is to home to many threatened and endangered species, including the Marianas fruit bat and the Guam tree snail.\nPagan Island was once inhabited by the Chamorro people until Mount Pagan, the largest volcano in the Mariana Islands, erupted in 1981, forcing them to evacuate to another island in the archipelago. It had been home to the Chamorro people since the 1300s. They still consider Pagan their homeland and regularly visit the island, said Jerome Aldan, the mayor of the Northern Marianas. Many hope to return to the island someday, he said.\nNorthern Mariana Islands’ governor, Eloy Inos, has yet to the approve the Pentagon’s plan. If the proposal is not approved by local government, the U.S. government can invoke eminent domain and begin the exercises by 2017.\nThe U.S. military recently held three public meetings and has extended public commenting by mail and electronic form until Aug. 4.\nThe post The U.S. military plans to use this small island for target practice appeared first on PBS NewsHour." ]

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[ "One of the officials of the Roman Republic\n. 2 Censores (the Latin plural for Censor), were elected every 5 years, and they served for a period of 18 months.\nTheir job was to perform the Census: to count the number of Roman citizens, and estimate their property.\nThis was a significant role, because people were divided between the classes in the Gatherings of the citizens according to their property. The higher one's class was in the Gatherings the more power his vote carried.\nThe Censores also decided who was entitled to be a member of the Senate.\nAnother job the Censores performed was to watch over the moral behaviour of the citizens. If they noticed immoral behaviour (sexual or otherwise) performed by a citizen, they could fine him. They could also fine people for abusing their wives, children, slaves or livestock." ]

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[ "Thanks to Pope Francis this past week, Junípero Serra (1713-1784) has been canonized as a Patron Saint of Vocations and Callings. Indeed, the Franciscan priest worked hard as a professor in Spain, an administrator in Mexico, and an evangelist in California. He was very dedicated to bringing Catholicism and agriculture to the indigenous California population. Serra was known to flagellate himself with an iron chain, because he grieved being a sinner. To remain humble, he sometimes wore an undergarment made with broken wire bits. It was Serra’s evangelizing zeal that Pope Francis admires. But similar to other colonization stories, the suffering of the indigenous population under Serra’s watch is hard to understand. What can we learn from Serra that inspires our life journeys, our vocations?\nHave you heard of the Camino de Real? Serra’s vision and administration were instrumental in its formation along the California coastline. This Royal Road or King’s Highway was a pathway that connected each mission to each other by a day’s journey of 30 miles. Beginning at age 55, Serra founded the first nine of the 21 missions that stretched from San Diego to San Francisco.\nImagine a California traveler journeying down a rocky path in the 1700s. It is the rainy season. He is cold and wet, hungry and thirsty, riding his mule for hours. Suddenly, in the darkness, he sees some flickering lights and hurries toward them. He knocks on the large mission door and is welcomed inside. Here is a place to rest, eat and drink, find encouragement and information–until he must travel again.\nWith a little faith we can stretch the Camino de Real into a metaphor for our life journeys. We’re on God’s road; his time table. The journey is sometimes easy, but often difficult. We press on.\nI once heard poet Luci Shaw use the Camino de Real as a symbol for journaling. She suggested that daily, reflective writing can be mission respite from our work. It can refresh, encourage, and reveal insights we do not understand until we write them down. I have found this helpful, but journaling isn’t for every one. We each must discover what aids us best in traveling from one day to the next.\nRecently, I found writer D.L. Mayfield, a woman in her thirties, who struggles with her vocation. She’s different from St. Serra, who seemed to dive confidently into his vocation. Mayfield writes that she didn’t feel “called” to minister to the poor as much as she felt dragged. I love her honest writing. She admits that she often feels helpless and overwhelmed by the hurts of others. She wonders if making Funfetti cakes for sad neighbors really is meaningful. But then she writes:\n“…I feel like God said: you keep baking cakes. Some of the most unrecognized ministries are my favorites. Like, the ministry of playing yu-gi-oh cards with awkward adolescent boys. The ministry of bringing white styrofoam containers of Pad Thai to people whose baby is very, very sick. The ministry of picking up empty chip wrappers at the park. The ministry of sending postcards. The ministry of sitting in silence with someone in the psych ward. The ministry of gardening flowers….The ministry of noticing beauty everywhere–in fabrics, in people, in art–and in the wilderness.\n“The older I get, I realize now that the ministries I once thought so trivial I now think are the most radical. I spent the last year being stripped of anything that\nwould make me feel lovely to God, and I came out a different person. Because I discovered that he always loved me anyways. I’m not Joan of Arc, it turns out. I’m just somebody who likes to bake cakes.” (Check her out at www.dlmayfield.com)\nWith Mayfield, I can relate to small tasks transforming from trivial to radical. Water turns into wine. Our work, our life journeys, the very essence of ourselves, matter to the One who keeps us. Because we know we are accepted and loved there is no need for barbed wire garments or flagellation. Our best works are done in response to the love that does not fail.\nI discovered that he always loved me anyways. –D.L. Mayfield" ]

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[ "You should study using this great teaching resource. Vocabulary and Spelling City makes learning your word lists fun and easy.\n|Vocabulary and Spelling Lists|\n|List(s) Not in Groups|\n- Keyboarding Practice - Typing games to build skills.\n- Math Facts Practice - Have fun drilling on math facts.\n- Online Crossword Puzzle - Crossword puzzles for all levels.\n- Figurative Expressions Games - What does\n- Word Roots - Games that teach word roots to unlock English.\n- Educational Games - Learning games for kids.\n- Build English Vocabulary - Games to build language skills.\n- Online Writing Courses - Time4Writing classes run eight weeks.\n- Online Interactive Curriculum - PreK-8th afterschool & homeschool subscription site." ]

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[ "Report Finds A 'Mixed Bag' Of Health Outcomes For Mass. Seniors\nThe mortality rate for Massachusetts residents 65 and older is down, but some specific health problems, like asthma and breast cancer, are getting worse.\nThose are among the findings of the 2018 Massachusetts Healthy Aging Data report, out Monday from the Gerontology Institute at the University of Massachusetts Boston.\nThe report assessed 179 health indicators across 379 communities — including every city, town and identifiable neighborhood in Boston, Worcester and Springfield — and compared them to findings in 2011 and 2015.\nLead researcher Beth Dugan calls the new findings \"a mixed bag\" of good and bad news. While the overall prognosis is good — Massachusetts is the seventh-healthiest state for older people, according to America’s Health Rankings Senior Report — she says the ranking disguises wide variation within the state.\n“We see communities that are disadvantaged in terms of education, income, living in unsafe environments,” Dugan says. “All these social factors end up having consequences for physical health.”\nHere are seven takeaways from the report:\n1. Massachusetts is getting older and more diverse.\nNationwide, the percentage of the population that’s 65 or older is growing, and Massachusetts is no exception. According to the report, about 15 percent of the state — or more than a million people — falls into this cohort. This is about 125,000 more people than when researchers conducted the last Healthy Aging Report in 2015. Also notable is the growth in what Dugan calls the “youngest older people,” i.e. the aging baby boomers. In 2015, 49.8 percent of senior citizens were between the ages of 65 and 74; this year, that percentage is 55.3 percent.\nOther demographic changes to this population include greater racial and ethnic diversity, more education and higher reported income levels.\n2. Where you live matters for your health.\nDugan attributes some of the regional differences in health indicators to the rural-urban divide, as seniors in urban areas usually live closer to medical facilities and have an easier time getting to them. But she says some of the outcomes have to do with the communities themselves. For example, does a given community have a higher-than-average crime rate or uneven, pothole-ridden sidewalks? Both of those things can make older people reluctant to go outside and exercise.\nThe report found that in general, health indicators in the following communities improved the most, since 2015: Brookline, Cambridge, Dartmouth, Falmouth, Gardner, Gosnold, Lynn, Marlborough, Medford, Newton, Peabody and Quincy.\nMeanwhile, these communities were among places with worsening health indicators: Arlington, Brockton, Burlington, Fall River, Haverhill, Lawrence, New Bedford, Revere, Swansea and Wareham.\n3. Rates of depression among seniors are rising.\nIn more than 40 percent of communities, rates of depression have \"significantly increased\" in recent years, according to the report. Overall, 31 percent of Massachusetts seniors have been diagnosed with depression at some point in their lives, and one in four has been diagnosed with anxiety.\nOnce again, the results were not equal throughout the state. Twenty percent of seniors in Princeton have been diagnosed with depression, whereas in Springfield, that figure is 49 percent.\n“Increased risk for depression was associated with higher rates of older residents living alone, dealing with greater levels of chronic disease, and having access to mental health care,” the report says.\nThe number of seniors with substance use disorders also varies throughout the state. Overall, more than 6 percent of the 65 and older population has a substance use disorder, but the numbers were higher in areas with relatively high crime rates, chronic disease problems and a larger number of seniors who live alone.\n4. Specific health challenges are shifting.\nAcross the state, Dugan and her team found higher rates of arthritis, asthma, atrial fibrillation, breast cancer, chronic kidney disease, depression, endometrial cancers, benign prostatic hyperplasia, high cholesterol, hypothyroidism and lung cancer.\nWhat they didn't find is any indication as to why.\n\"We have guesses, but we can't really make definitive determinations at this point,\" Dugan said. \"It could be that we're getting better with our diagnosis, or there could be less stigma and more awareness that treatment options are available and people are trying to get help. Or it could be that the conditions are increasing. So we have lots of guesses, [but] we don't really know why\"\nThe good news? Rates of congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease and heart attacks are down. Same goes for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anemia, colon cancer and prostate cancer. Also down are the number of people with multiple comorbidities, a fact Dugan calls “encouraging.”\n5. Gateway Cities have generally worse health indicators.\nOf the state’s 26 Gateway Cities — urban centers that were once industrial hubs — almost all have significant economic and social challenges. And according to the report, “the population health of older adults is poorer in Gateway Cities than in other Massachusetts communities.”\nBut again, the problem is not uniform. Seniors in Brockton, Chelsea, Fall River, Lowell, New Bedford, Peabody, Springfield and Worcester score lower than the state average on dozens of health indicators. Brockton and Fall River are at the bottom of the list. Still, some of these locations have seen modest improvements since 2015, namely Worcester, New Bedford, Springfield and Peabody.\nIn short: “The results suggest Gateway Cities should be a focus of population health efforts as well as economic development initiatives,\" the report says.\n6. There are health disparities between racial and ethnic groups.\nAfter noting that there is considerable variation in health within any given racial or ethnic group, the report found the following about seniors in Massachusetts:\n- Those of Asian descent tend to be healthier than others in the state.\n- When compared with other groups, Hispanics had the greatest health improvements in recent years.\n- African-Americans and Hispanics had higher rates of obesity, hypertension and chronic kidney disease than white seniors.\n- Whites had higher rates of leukemia and other lymphomas, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and endometrial cancer.\n- Whites had lower rates of dementia, epilepsy, glaucoma, mobility impairment, substance use disorders and schizophrenia than African-Americans and Hispanics. (They did, however, have higher rates of other personality disorders.)\n7. When compared to other New England states, older Massachusetts residents fare better in some ways, and worse in others.\nSince the last report in 2015, Massachusetts saw 14 health indicators improve and 16 worsen. According to the report, a similar pattern of changes was seen in other New England states, “[suggesting] that similar factors are influencing the population health of older adults in the region.”\nThat said, Massachusetts seniors had higher rates of chronic kidney disease, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, deafness or hearing impairment, and blindness or visual impairment than other states in the region.\nOverall, Dugan says, Massachusetts is moving in the right direction when it comes to a growing senior population.\n\"First of all, most states don't think about the aging population,” she says. “And secondly, they don't think about how they can capitalize on it in terms of economic development. So I think we're ahead of a lot of states as it is, and then the resources that we have here in terms of academics, the health system, technology and financial services all lends itself to certainly positioning ourselves as the Silicon Valley of aging.”" ]

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[ "Physical Models and Elements\nPhysicalElements are used to model the physical world, as it exists currently, as it existed in the past, or as it is expected to exist in the future.\nAny object in the real world is modeled as a PhysicalElement a maximum of once within a BIS repository. The various disciplines that work together on infrastructure can not each have their own PhysicalElement for the same real-world object. Modeling the physical world is a cooperative, coordinated effort.\nIn BIS, the following classes are central in modeling the physical world:\nPhysicalElements are use to model real world physical entities. PhysicalElements always have a position in real world coordinates that is relevant for infrastructure construction, operation or maintenance.\nIt is usually easy to determine which objects should be modeled by a PhysicalElement. If the answers to the following three questions are \"yes\", then the object is a good candidate for modeling with a PhysicalElement:\n- Does the object have mass?\n- Can the object be touched?\n- Are the spatial and location characteristics of the object important in constructing, operating or maintaining infrastructure?\nFor example, a paper contract has mass and can be touched, but its spatial and location characteristics are not important for infrastructure purposes, so it should not be modeled with a PhysicalElement.\nExamples of entities that are modeled with PhysicalElements are:\n- Sewer Lines\n- Cranes (when true shape and position is used in construction planning)\nExamples of entities that are NOT modeled with PhysicalElements are:\n- Property Lines\n- Groundwater Elevations\n- Construction Superintendents\n- Cranes (when used only for resource planning)\nSee Element Fundamentals for more information on Elements.\nWhen many PhysicalElements are conceptually identical (such as pumps of the same model) except for a few details (such as location), PhysicalTypes are often used to provide simpler and more efficient modeling.\nPhysicalTypes are often used when a particular PhysicalElement can be ordered from a catalog. PhysicalTypes can provide geometry and properties to the PhysicalElements to which they are related. Each PhysicalElement can be related to a maximum of one PhysicalType.\nEach PhysicalElement is contained in exactly one PhysicalModel. A PhysicalModel is a container of PhysicalElements (and potentially related Elements of other classes) that together model some real-world physical entity. For example, a PhysicalModel might model a campus, a building, a sewer system or a pipe rack.\nSee Model Fundamentals for more information on Models.\nSome PhysicalElements have associated \"breakdown\" PhysicalModels that model the same real world physical entity in finer granularity. For example, a SewerSystem PhysicalElement might be broken down into a SewerSystemModel that contains Pipe PhysicalElements that model the individual pipes in the sewer system.\nSee Element Fundamentals for more information on Model breakdown concepts.\nAt the top of the PhysicalElement-PhysicalModel tree is a PhysicalPartition Element in the RepositoryModel. The PhysicalPartition Element is a child of a Subject Element and starts the modeling of that Subject from a physical perspective.\nAs an alternate modeling technique PhysicalElement can have child Elements instead of breakdown Models. Elements with child Elements are essentially aggregates. For example, a SteelConnection might be an aggregate of Bolts, Plates and Welds.\nSee Element Fundamentals for more information on aggregates and child Elements.\nAs discussed in Modeling with BIS, there are many entities (physical, functional, analytical, etc.) for each real-world object that can be modeled in a BIS repository. There is a need to coordinate the Elements that model these entities. The strategy of BIS is to relate each of these Elements with the PhysicalElement that models the real world object. The hierarchy of PhysicalElements and PhysicalElements provides the \"backbone\" to which Elements representing the other modeling perspectives related.\n|Next: Functional Models and Elements|\nLast Updated: 08 January, 2020" ]

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[ "This protocol prompts teachers in thinking deeply about a specific lesson that they will be teaching based on a cognitively challenging mathematical task.\nYou are here\nThe researchers created a middle level school-based model designed to keep students on track and prepare them for high school. They have learned that it is possible to create a multi-tiered school improvement and intervention model in middle grades schools in high-poverty neighborhoods where large numbers of students need a range of supports to stay on track. The following are key components of the Early Warning Systems model." ]

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[ "In this adder we have 2 inputs of N-bit numbers and one output of N-bit number with a carry. We can achieve this either using\n- Serial addition or\n- Parallel addition\nThis is the one which would accept bit by bit input of the n-bit numbers and there is a bit by bit output of the n-bit Sum. In this adder we would be required one full adder and a memory element.\nHence we see we require lesser hardware. The circuit for serial addition is as follow:\nParallel adder is the one where we input the all the bits of two given numbers and we don’t need any memory element.\nCarry propagate adder (CPA) or Ripple carry adder: In this adder we need n full adders for n bit adder. In this adder we use the n full adders in cascaded from to implement the ripple carry adder. This type of adder is also called carry propagation adder. The circuit for 4-bit parallel adder is as follow:\nLet’s now calculate the time required for the carry to propagate from adder 1 to last adder and when we get the final result.\nIf at time t=0 we input the variables, we’ll the carry of 1st adder at t=2Δ which would be propagated to 2nd adder and at t=3Δ we get the sum variable S1. When at t=2Δ carry C1 is propagated to 2nd adder, we get the carry output of 2nd adder at t=4Δ and at t=5Δ we get the S2. At t=4Δ we have carry available at\n3rd adder so its carry output comes at t=6Δ and sum output comes at t=7Δ. Similarly we get the final carry of 4 bit parallel adder at t=8Δ and sum S4 & hence complete output at t=9Δ.\nAnd for n-bit adder we have the total time taken as 2 * (n-1) Δ + 3Δ = (2n+1) Δ\nFor 16-bit adder we have the\nTime delay= (2*16+1) Δ = 33Δ\nwhich is quiet large" ]

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[ "This post comes to us from our amazing partner InterAct of Wake County, an organization that provides support to victims of domestic violence and sexual assault.\nApril is Sexual Assault Awareness Month. For those of us here at InterAct, this is a busy month for us to connect with the community to support survivors and to stop sexual violence. As a parent, we know that it’s awkward to talk to children about healthy sexuality for a number of reasons. However, it’s vital that you open up that dialogue with your teen to educate them and keep them safe.\nBut what is sexual assault? According to the Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network (RAINN), sexual assault is any sexual contact or behavior that occurs without explicit consent of the victim. Some forms include:\nrape – unwanted penetration of the victim’s body\nattempted rape – unwanted sexual touching or fondling or forcing a victim to perform a sexual act. In speaking about sexual assault, it is important to remember that this is a violent crime. As such, it’s never the fault of the victim.\nWoman and girls ages 14-19 are 4x more likely than the general population to be victims of actual or attempted sexual assault. RAINN also found that 82% of victims of sexual assault under 18 are female, while 90% of all victims over 18 are female. Sexual assaults are more common in colleges compared to other violent crimes, such as robbery.\nTalking to your children about consent and healthy sexuality, without sounding like you’re condoning behavior you are uncomfortable with, can be a tricky conversation. However, being open and honest with your teen about what is and is not healthy sexual behavior will only serve to protect your child. Below, we have some Dos and Don’ts for talking with your child.\n- DO let your child know you will always be supportive and willing to listen. You want them to come to you if they’re in trouble.\n- DO stay away from rape myths. Rape myths are common, but untrue, stereotypes about rape. Common myths include men cannot be assaulted, women are asking for it because of how they dress or act, women often lie about being sexually assaulted, or rape and sexual assaults are “misunderstandings.” Sexual assaults are violent crimes.\n- DON’T blame the victim. No matter what, a victim of sexual assault is never ‘asking for it.’ No one deserves to be sexually assaulted.\n- DO hold your child accountable for their actions. If you hear victim blaming language, abusive or misogynistic language, or casual jokes about rape and sexual assault from your child, talk to them about it. Turn it into a teachable moment where you can help your child grow.\n- DON’T be vague with your language. Tell your child exactly what you mean. Don’t use euphemisms or indirect language when speaking to your child. Own your words. Tell them exactly what you will and won’t accept. Give them the knowledge to protect themselves and make good choices.\nJoin us this April to go beyond “no means no” and create a culture of consent. For more information, check out the following resources: RAINN.org, LoveIsRespect.org, BreakTheCycle.org, or ItsOnUS.org.\nInterAct is always here as a resource for any victim of domestic or sexual violence. Our hours are M-F from 9-5. We are located at 1012 Oberlin Road, Raleigh NC 27605. We’re available 24/7 by calling 919-828-7740." ]

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[ "Sunday, May 25, 2008\nCadastral maps deal with displaying a precise description of particular pieces of land. Generally names or numbers are assigned to each pand parcel which help identify the property. With these types of maps, the scale is crucial so accurate identification of the land is given.\nHere is a DOQQ(digital orthophoto quadrangle) map of Lake Travis conducted by the University of Texas at Austin, Texas. This was part of an attempt to help create a better floodplain map for Lake Travis and the surrounding area. A DOQQ map is a computer generated image of an aerial photo with geometric qualities of a map.\nDRG maps are digital raster graphics. They are scanned images of a U.S. Geological Survey standard series topographic map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection. The map is scanned at a minimum resolution of 250 dots per inch.\nSaturday, May 24, 2008\nPlanimetric maps display the horizontal position of planimetric features utilizing lines and symbols. They also use an X,Y coordinate system to help the person reading the map. They are great at accurately giving horizontal distances.\nWednesday, May 21, 2008\nA Doppler Radar uses the Doppler effect of returned echoes from certain objects to measure their radial velocity. They are used for various things including air traffic control, police speed guns, and air defense. Here is a photograph from a Doppler Radar of Hurricane Andrew that hit Miami and caused extreme damage.\nGerardus Mercator developed this map in 1567. This was an excellent map for the sixteenth century and was used by sailors for navigation. The further lines of longitude remain parallel while the lines of latitude widen in distance as you move further from the equator. This causes the land masses in the poles to be exaggerated in size." ]

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[ "Occupational or industrial deafness is when you have suffered a loss, or partial loss, of hearing because you were exposed to excessive noise in the workplace. There are four categories of industrial deafness\nTinnitus is when you constantly hear noises which sound like ringing, buzzing, hissing or a distant roaring. It can occur suddenly or develop over a period of time depending on the initiating factor.\nAcoustic Trauma is when you have been exposed to a single very loud noise, or a number of loud noises in quick succession. Industrial deafness related to acoustic trauma often incorporates physical injury such as a perforated eardrum.\nTemporary Threshold Shift occurs with exposure to a noise level of above 75 or 80 decibels for several hours. Your hearing will become accustomed to this noise level whilst it continues, but if you were to try to listen to the TV or radio afterwards would need to turn up the volume because of your temporary industrial deafness. After about twelve hours away from the source of noise, your hearing “shifts” back to its normal range.\nPermanent Threshold Shift starts to occur when your temporary threshold shift fails to return to normal. The permanent damage manifests itself in the loss of reception for certain audio frequencies – most commonly women´s and children´s voices – and once the industrial deafness has reached this stage, it is irreversible.\nWe have established a free advice telephone service that you (or a close relative if necessary) may call to get helpful, accurate advice relating to making a claim for industrial deafness compensation. Call now on 1-800 989 995\nNoise Regulations introduced in 2007\nThe General Application (Exposure to Noise) Regulations 2007 were introduced to provide minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of employees to the risks arising from noise in the workplace and prevent instances of industrial deafness.\nThe main responsibilities placed on employers by these regulations are to advise employees before the noise level reaches 80 decibels and provide adequate hearing protection. If the noise level is to exceed 85 decibels, the employer should provide the services of a registered medical practitioner to carry out hearing checks and audiometric testing. He should also take all steps possible to enclose the source of the noise and re-arrange the times at which the noise levels are at their maximum to protect employees from industrial deafness.\nIf your employer has failed to follow the guidelines laid down in these regulations and you subsequently suffer from any form of industrial deafness you will be entitled to sue for compensation.\nClaiming Industrial Deafness Compensation\nAlthough the Statute of Limitations states that any personal injury claim has to be made within two years of the accident leading to the injury, with industrial deafness claims for compensation, the victim has two years from the “date of knowledge” that they are suffering from industrial deafness in which to make a claim. As audiometric test results have to be kept for a minimum of 15 years, the period involved between the actual injury occurring and a claim for industrial deafness compensation being filed could be in excess of twenty years.\nClaims for industrial deafness compensation are dealt with initially by the Injuries Board Ireland, but due to the many different variants within the four categories of industrial deafness listed above, this particular personal injury is not listed in the “Book of Quantum” – and it is therefore possible that their assessment may be totally inadequate to compensate for the trauma you have experienced and continue to suffer from. Consequently, it is strongly recommended that you seek professional legal counsel when considering a claim for industrial deafness compensation.\nWe have established a free advice telephone service that you (or a close relative if necessary) may call to get helpful, accurate advice relating to making a claim for industrial deafness compensation. Our personal injury claims solicitors have many years experience of dealing with work related claims for compensation, and are familiar with what is entailed in a claim for industrial deafness compensation.\nWhen you call our free service, you will find us understanding and sympathetic to your problem whilst offering impartial advice with no obligation expected from you. Call us now on 1-800 989 995 or if you cannot speak now please fill in the form (above left) and we will call you back.\nOur Promise to You:\n- 100% One-to-one consultation with an experienced solicitor\n- 100% Impartial and helpful advice on your industrial deafness claim\n- 100% Our own assessment of your case\n- 100% Accurate and straightforward information\nWhat You Can Expect When You Call\nOur solicitors are very aware of how much a loss of hearing can compromise ones quality of life and will be looking to maximise any potential award in your favour. Therefore you can expect us to be understanding, sympathetic and offer helpful advice in straightforward English.\nWe will ask you to tell us how you acquired your industrial deafness, what medical reports you have to demonstrate your original clarity of hearing (these are not essential but helpful) and to explain how your quality of life has suffered since your hearing deteriorated.\nOur solicitors will assess your case, let you know if you have a claim for industrial deafness which it is worth your while to pursue and offer a variety of options to take your case forward. Should you choose to proceed with us, we will explain the procedures clearly to you.\nDespite the period of time you have available to make a claim, constructing a case for industrial deafness compensation can be a lengthy process. Therefore we would ask that you call our free advice telephone service on 1-800 989 995 at your earliest convenience.\nIf your industrial deafness has left you totally deaf, please ask a relative to call on your behalf and we will be happy to pass on the advice via them. If this is not a convenient time, complete the call-back form below and one of our team will ring you when it is more suitable." ]

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[ "Backyard Science Camp\nBackyard Science Camp\nI saw a post on the NSTA (National Science Teachers Association) blog about setting up a science camp. My two granddaughters have developed an interest in science, and I thought perhaps this summer I could do a weekly backyard science camp for them! So the first thing I did was to order two Brock microscopes (not necessary, but nice!). They are a bit pricy, but they are virtually indestructible, and can “grow” with the children by adding eyepieces with greater magnification as the child grows. The child can easily make “slides” by taking a slide-shaped piece of cardboard and cutting out a diamond shape in the middle. They you put a piece of transparent tape across the opening, and you have a sticky surface to put a fly’s wing, flower petal, or whatever else the child wants to explore.\nSince this is a backyard science camp, backyard science sounds like a good theme. What kind of science can you do in a back yard?\n- Plant a garden—what effects do water, fertilizer, type of soil, etc have on the plants? Even the littlest ones like to garden!\n- Observe flora and fauna—identify birds, plants, animals, insects, etc. living there—discuss the ecosystem—how are the plants and animals dependent on each other? Use the microscopes or hand lens to look at small things. (Go to your library for bird, plant, and animal identification books; look on the internet for identification sites; also see below.) (Watch out for poison ivy or other hazards.)\n- Observe the weather—set up a weather station (they can make their own weather instruments), make daily weather observations, make weather predictions, take turns being a TV weather personality!\n- On a sleepover, if it is a clear night observe the moon and stars! What other planets are visible? Catch the meteor shower in August. A lot can be observed with the naked eye. If you have them try binoculars or a telescope. Some astronomy clubs offer public viewing with their telescopes. Take a field trip to your local planetarium!\n- If it is a rainy day, do some kitchen chemistry (use goggles and aprons for safety)\n- Make a purple cabbage acid/base indicator—test it on various liquids you might have in the refrigerator—milk, orange juice, lemon juice, vinegar, water, carbonated water\n- Do a “white powder” experiment—mix white powders from the kitchen (flour, sugar, baking soda, baking powder, and salt) with water, vinegar, lemon juice—observe whether a reaction takes place or not, and what happens. Add 3 drops of the purple cabbage indicator to each solution and mixture. What happens? Why?\n- Take a field trip to a pond (there’s one in our local park), and collect a sample of pond water to observe with the microscope. You might want them to have a real slide for this. What do you see? Why are the organisms there important? (Wear disposable gloves when handling the pond water.)\n- Collect rocks from your garden, if you have any, or a creek bed, or buy a small bag of river gravel at your home improvement store. Identify the rocks. Do they look different when they are wet? Talk about the rock cycle. Why are the rocks rounded? Paint them and make an animal! (Remember pet rocks?)\nThey already have aprons and goggles for safety, and I have a good supply of disposable gloves! I think we are good to go!\nBrock microscope (Magiscope) web site\nHow to make purple cabbage indicator. Use strict supervision if the child uses any household cleaners. Make sure they wear goggles, aprons and gloves.\nThis weather site also includes how to make a barometer.\nBackyard bird identifier from National Geographic (great photos!)\nAnimal tracks identifier with photos.\nTree guide to identification poster. You can also check with your state conservation department for plant and animal identification aids.\nUse observations to describe patterns of what plants and animals (including humans) need to survive.\nUse and share observations of local weather conditions to describe patterns over time.\nUse observations of the sun, moon, and stars to describe patterns that can be predicted.\nPlan and conduct an investigation to determine if plants need sunlight and water to grow.\nRepresent data in tables and graphical displays to describe typical weather conditions expected during a particular season.\nMake observations and/or measurements to provide evidence of the effects of weathering or the rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, or vegetation.\nDevelop a model to describe the movement of matter among plants, animals, decomposers, and the environment.\nDevelop a model using an example to describe ways the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and/or atmosphere interact." ]

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[ "The Fall of Saigon was the capture of Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, by the North Vietnamese army on April 30, 1975. It is called Sự kiện 30 tháng 4 (April 30 Incident) or Giải phóng miền Nam (The liberation of the south) by the current Vietnamese government and Ngày mất nước (The day we lost our country/nation) or Ngày Quốc Hận (National Hatred Day) or Tháng Tư Đen (Black April) by anti-communism Vietnamese people overseas and still living in Vietnam. The event marked the end of the Vietnam War and the start of a transition period leading to the formal reunification of Vietnam under communist rule.\nCommunist forces under the command of the Senior General Văn Tiến Dũng began their final attack on Saigon, which was commanded by General Nguyen Van Toan on April 29, with a heavy artillery bombardment. By the afternoon of the next day, North Vietnamese troops had occupied the important points within the city and raised their flag over the South Vietnamese presidential palace. South Vietnam capitulated shortly after. The city was renamed Ho Chi Minh City. The fall of the city was preceded by the evacuation of almost all the American civilian and military personnel in Saigon, along with tens of thousands of South Vietnamese civilians. The evacuation culminated in Operation Frequent Wind, which was the largest helicopter evacuation in history. In addition to the flight of refugees, the end of the war and institution of new rules by the communists contributed to a decline in the population of the city.\nThe fall of Saigon Video Clips\nFiled Under: VNUnited News\nAbout the Author:" ]

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[ "The digits must be single\nSudoku was introduced in 1979 in an American puzzle magazine as the “Number Place” puzzle.\nIt became popular in Japan in 1986 under the title of “Suju wa dokushin ni kagiru”. It means that the digits are limited to a single (unmarried) occurrence. The title was abbreviated to Sudoku. “SU” means digit and “DOKU” means single.\n- Place a digit from 1 to 9 in each empty cell.\n- Each row, column, and 3×3 grid bounded by bold lines contains all the digits from 1 to 9.\nDon’t forget, “the digits must be single” in a row, column or 3×3 grid!\nOtherwise you cannot have all the numbers from 1 to 9 in nine places, right?\nSudoku is very simple to learn, requires no calculations, and provides a surprisingly wide variety of logic situations. All that is required to solve Sudoku is logic and concentration. No wonder Sudoku is among the most popular puzzles in Japan!" ]

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[ "The Hermitage is a superb example of romantic Gothic Revival architecture. Learn about the Hermitage’s significance in history, from the American Revolution to preserving this National Historic Landmark!\nThe Hermitage’s History\nAnn Bartow DeVisme, a New Yorker with five children, bought the home in 1767. In residence downstream from the current building, nearer the mill ponds, lived Theodosia Bartow and James Marcus Prevost.\nDuring the Revolutionary War, the ladies and children of Ho-Ho-Kus were left alone. At the same time, Major (later Lieutenant Colonel) Prevost fought for the British. During this period, soldiers from both sides often visited Bergen County.\nIn July 1778, Theodosia learned that George Washington and his army would be traveling through Ho-Ho-Kus on their route to White Plains, Westchester County. When the General and his soldiers stopped at a nearby cottage, Theodosia invited them to remain at The Hermitage. Her lodgings were the “comfiest in the area.” From July 10th to 14th, Washington and his officers were hosted here for four days.\nAaron Burr and Peggy Shippen Arnold were among the guests of James Monroe and William Paterson during the Revolution. Burr, stationed just north of here in The Clove, was a regular visitor. Following the war and the death of Lieutenant Colonel Prevost, Burr and Theodosia began courting. They married at The Hermitage in July 1782. After Ann DeVisme’s death and Burr’s quick possession, it had three owners before being sold in 1807 to Elijah Rosegrant and Cornelia Suffern. A family would occupy the home for 163 years until the last living member died in 1970 and left the property to the State of New Jersey.\nElijah Rosencrantz, Jr. commissioned the famous architect William Ranlett to include the ancient Colonial mansion known as The Hermitage for his lovely Victorian home. The building has high gable roofs, intricate bargeboards, diamond-paned windows, and pointed Tudor arches. In addition, the 1880s summer kitchen is back.\nThe structure is now interpreted as the 1890s to give its full Victorian tale. Also on display are historical clothing and accessories from the mid-1700s through the late Victorian era. Archives at the museum reflect the Rosencrantz family’s contributions to local history as mill owners and members of the emerging upper-middle class. The Rosencrantz family acquired a 200-acre property with cotton mills downstream and farmed to the west.\nThe Hermitage’s history is rich and varied. It records massive socio-economic transformations. It talks about an exciting time in our nation’s beginnings. The renovated home’s displays of clothes, personal objects, and ephemera tell the story of one family’s shifting fortunes over 150 years. The Hermitage Museum gives insight into the site’s history and the individuals who helped preserve it.\nFor further information, call (201) 445.8311, ext. 102." ]

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[ "It is an undeniable fact that with each passing day, big data is becoming more critical to business. In the years to come, the necessity of big data will spread to other sectors as well, especially education. In fact, in the last years, big data has had a significant impact on the educational sector. Educational facilities ranging from primary schools, secondary schools to even colleges and universities are able to gather, utilize, and share information much more rapidly and easily than ever before. There are a number of ways big data is being employed by universities around the world. SAS recently wrote a case study on the use of big data at the University of Alabama. Since this school has 38,000 students, it is able to consider how to amass a large amount of data. This is used for a variety of purposes from boosting their attrition rate to furthering the university reputation among other academics. Keep reading to learn more about how big data is changing the arena of education.\n- Increase in requirement of data analysts\nThere is no point in collecting huge amount of data if no one is available to sit, study, analyze, and provide research paper help. Griffith College in Ireland covered these topics, when it talked about the benefits of learning big data. It is because of this there is a brimming demand of data analysts in the educational sector who can process the data meaningfully for the institution so that they can devise new strategies in the future. Moreover, trainers are also required to teach the educators how to use the data more effectively in classrooms and institutions.\n- Strategy Planning\nA major benefit that data analysts offer is processing data and once it is complete, the educational institutions can utilize the results to plan and form new strategies for the future. Moreover, the institutions can also find out what problems they are facing in their current educational system and work towards improving them. This was never possible before the arrival of big data in the education scene.\n- Educators have better understanding of children\nIn the past, when parents had a meeting with the teachers, they always used to get haphazard reply regarding the areas their children were struggling. There was not a clear path of improvement. These parent-teacher meetings were never fruitful. This is why one Colorado school gave up with them altogether. However, with big data arriving on the scene, the situation has completely reversed. With the aid and assistance of big data, teachers can clearly analyze the areas of excellence as well as struggle for a particular student. The same information when conveyed to the parents, puts out a clear path that parents require following in order to bring about the necessary improvement in their ward.\n- Teaching methods are evolving\nWith the continued usage of big data in the educational sector, even the teaching methods are evolving. Now, the teachers do not have to stick to a single methodology of teaching. In fact, thanks to big data, educators can now use different methodologies to teach a same lesson. Not all students respond to the same learning methodology. With the aid and assistance of big data and the evolving technology, educators can tailor the teaching methodologies in accordance with individual learners. For example, who would have thought a few years back that even computer games can play a crucial role in learning. Students respond better to modern teaching methodologies as compared to traditional teaching methods.\n- Sharing of information\nA school might have different branches in different cities. Sometimes a student might have to shift from one branch to another branch. Moreover, a student might have to shift from one school to a different school, which can be outside the country also. In earlier days, it could be very time-consuming and difficult for the educators working at an institution to fetch information of a particular student who is coming from a different institution than theirs. However, thanks to big data, this scenario has completely changed. Now, the process of sharing information between different educational institutions is easy irrespective of the distance or the geographical boundaries between them. This is extremely beneficial for teachers who do not have to put in additional efforts to fetch the required information. On the other hand, this benefit the students too as their process of migration from one institution to another become pretty smooth and easy. They do not have to run from pillar to pillar to gather information from different sources.\nBig Data is Changing the Field of Academia Forever\nHence, you can clearly see that big data, indeed, has a significant impact on the education sector. It will be interesting to see how this relationship between big data and education evolves in the future." ]

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[ "DEARBORN — Rosa Parks would have turned 100 Monday and The Henry Ford threw a party for the late civil rights pioneer.\nThe museum’s Day of Courage coincided with the unveiling of a new postage stamp honoring Parks, who became one of the earliest icons of the civil rights movement after refusing to give up her seat to a white patron on a Montgomery, Ala., bus Dec. 1, 1955.\nHer subsequent arrest sparked a boycott of the city’s transit system and emboldened the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and other pioneers of the movement to bring their demands for change into the open. Parks moved to Detroit after the boycott ended but remained active in the movement.\nShe was part of the 1963 march on Washington and the 1965 Selma-to-Montgomery march and later was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. After her death in 2005, she became the first woman and second African-American to lie in state in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda.\nParks soon will return there, in a way. A statue will be added to the Capitol’s collection in Statuary Hall.\nThe 46-cent stamp, based on a 1950s portrait of Parks, was created by artist Thomas Blackshear II. It’s a “forever” stamp, which will remain valid for first-class letters even after postage rates increase.\nParks had an influence on U.S. Rep. John Conyers, D-Detroit — one of several speakers before the stamp was unveiled — long before he ran for Congress.\n“When I finished law school, I couldn’t wait to get down South to march,” he said.\nWhen he ran for his seat in the House of Representatives, he had Parks’ endorsement. Later, she worked on his staff for 18 years.\nU.S. Sen. Carl Levin, D-Detroit, U.S. Rep. Gary Peters, D-Bloomfield Township, civil rights activist Julian Bond and Deputy Postmaster General Ronald Stroman were among those attending Monday morning’s celebration at the museum.\nBond said Parks wasn’t the first person arrested for refusing to give up a bus seat, but she was the first to plead not guilty.\n“Breaking Alabama law was defending the Constitution,” Bond said. “It falls to us to continue that fight.”\nAdmission to Henry Ford Museum was free Monday and hundreds of schoolchildren and adults spent the morning and afternoon exploring its massive collection. Naturally, the focal point was the restored bus Parks was riding when she refused to move.\nContact Scott Held at 1-734-246-0865 or [email protected]. Follow him on Facebook and @ScottHeld45 on Twitter." ]

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