DarthJudie/biosetpart1 · Datasets at Hugging Face

title stringlengths 7 100	text stringlengths 1 16k
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	So Tay-Sachs is actually again due to a single mutation in one gene, like a point mutation that leads to lysosomes in neurons and brain cells malfunctioning.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	And basically it's missing a hydrolytic enzyme that hydrolyses and breaks down and digests fat.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	So a person who is homozygous recessive for Tay-Sachs, their brain will actually over their first couple years of life will accumulate with undigested fat and that leads to paralysis, blindness, deafness, and eventually death as their brain is no longer able to work as it fills up.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	So very like devastating trait to inherit.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	And then we have another inherited disorder, Huntington's disease.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	Now Huntington's disease is actually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	And so with this, it isn't due to a single like point mutation but rather a duplication.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	There's a certain sequence in the DNA that is replicated over and over and over.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	So a person with 35 or more of the CAG repeat, so it's basically like you copy and paste it multiple times a section so their gene is actually very long and then the protein is very long.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	It actually causes the neurons in that person with Huntington's to like degenerate over time to like break down and no longer work.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	And so therefore it has like debilitating consequences.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	Now the issue with Huntington's disease however is that it is adult onset.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	The symptoms of Huntington's disease don't show up until you're already past reproductive years.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	So you start to see symptoms between like 30 and 50 years old but by then you've already had offspring.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	So even though it's a dominant disorder, a dominant disease that you can inherit, you could be carrying that dominant allele and not know it until you're already older and past reproductive years so therefore you can still pass it on.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	Thankfully we live in a time where we can have our DNA analyzed and now we can be checked to see if we are carrying or not carrying, if we do have the allele for Huntington's disease that we inherited from parents or not.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	So yeah, thankfully we live in the modern age and we don't have to guess.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	Okay, and then now we're going to move into talking about traits on X chromosome, so sex linked traits.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	So here when we talk about, I don't really consider color blindness to be a disorder but it is a human condition that can be inherited, right?
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	So females who are homozygous dominant or heterozygous would not be color blind but if they're homozygous recessive they are color blind and then males, males are called hemizygous, they only have one X and so therefore they only have one allele so males tend to be color blind more often than females because they never have a chance to get that second dominant allele.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	But here is another example of an inherited human condition due to a single allele, on this case on the X chromosome.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	And then our last part of this standard is about specific chromosomal changes such as non-disjunction.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	So I have a whole separate video and PowerPoint on non-disjunction but this is really due to either homologous pairs or sister chromatids failing to separate properly during meiosis and it leads to an individual being born with an extra or missing chromosome.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	So Down syndrome for example would be an example of non-disjunction and that's an inherited syndrome due to an extra chromosome having 47 chromosomes.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	There's other ones like trisomy 18, the Klinefelter Jacob syndrome, there's a handful of other ones but here we have Down syndrome as my example.
AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance	Alright, alright this is it for unit 5, great job.
Study with me - 20 minute AP Biology study session [Cellular Respiration review 2021]	Music Hey everyone, Ms. Lasseter here.
Study with me - 20 minute AP Biology study session [Cellular Respiration review 2021]	In today's video, we're going to do something a little bit different, and I'm actually going to sit down and do a 20-minute study session with you, showing some of my favorite study strategies and doing those with an actual piece of content.
Study with me - 20 minute AP Biology study session [Cellular Respiration review 2021]	So if you're ready to sit down and do a 20-minute study session about cellular respiration, this video is for you.
Study with me - 20 minute AP Biology study session [Cellular Respiration review 2021]	If you just want to see me model some of my favorite study strategies, you can also watch this video, and hopefully it'll help you with some of your AP Biology study plans.
Study with me - 20 minute AP Biology study session [Cellular Respiration review 2021]	Now I'm going to get right into it so we don't waste too much of your precious AP Biology study time, but there's a few things you need before you get started with this study session.
Study with me - 20 minute AP Biology study session [Cellular Respiration review 2021]	One, something to write with and some paper to jot some ideas down on.
Study with me - 20 minute AP Biology study session [Cellular Respiration review 2021]	You can also work along with the slides that I have linked in the description of this video, but don't peek ahead because that might give away some of the answers and ruin all of these great study tactics for you.
Study with me - 20 minute AP Biology study session [Cellular Respiration review 2021]	I chose-
video_title	transcription
Ecosystems	Hi.
Ecosystems	It's Mr. Andersen.
Ecosystems	Welcome to Biology Essentials video 47.
Ecosystems	This is on ecosystems.
Ecosystems	And we happen to live next to one of the most famous ecosystems on the planet.
Ecosystems	That's the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.
Ecosystems	So we live right here in Bozeman which is about 60 miles north as a crow flies from Yellowstone National Park.
Ecosystems	And so when we're talking about ecosystems we should figure out where in ecology what level we're at.
Ecosystems	So remember Bebekpo is biosphere, biome, ecosystem, community, population, organism.
Ecosystems	And so basically what is an ecosystem?
Ecosystems	An ecosystem is going to be all of the biotic and abiotic characteristics in an area.
Ecosystems	And so Yellowstone Park was founded in 1872 and it was mostly founded to protect these geothermal features.
Ecosystems	And so what is most famous would probably be Old Faithful which is about right here.
Ecosystems	But Yellowstone is situated on this giant Yellowstone caldera which is kind of like that.
Ecosystems	And so when they established Yellowstone Park they established it just to protect the geothermal features.
Ecosystems	So the hot springs, the boiling mud and all of that.
Ecosystems	But what they ended up doing luckily is preserving one of the most pristine ecosystems on our planet.
Ecosystems	And so Yellowstone Park, if I look over on this map, if I were to trace it, it's about right here.
Ecosystems	So this is right on the corner of Wyoming and it goes into Montana and Idaho over here.
Ecosystems	But if you look at around here there's all these national forests.
Ecosystems	And so we eventually have this giant ecosystem which is kind of in this brownish area.
Ecosystems	They didn't really start talking about it as an ecosystem until the 1970's when they were studying grizzly bears.
Ecosystems	And they found that grizzly bears were in trouble.
Ecosystems	But this was kind of where they ranged.
Ecosystems	So this was their range.
Ecosystems	But you can see over here that we're not sure what an actual ecosystem is.
Ecosystems	How big it is and how big we should make that.
Ecosystems	What's interesting is that this is all a national park.
Ecosystems	And these are national forests around it.
Ecosystems	But once we move out into here we're moving into private land.
Ecosystems	And so there's an interesting kind of conflict that comes up when we move from national land to land that's actually owned by people.
Ecosystems	The wildlife isn't but the land surely is.
Ecosystems	And so it's a hard thing to maintain.
Ecosystems	But even with all of that, greater Yellowstone ecosystem is the most pristine ecosystem in the northern latitudes.
Ecosystems	Especially in North America that we have.
Ecosystems	So it's pretty cool.
Ecosystems	It's nice to live right next door.
Ecosystems	So basically in this podcast I'm going to talk about ecosystems and how they're affected by their environment.
Ecosystems	Remember they get energy from the sun.
Ecosystems	But the matter has to be recycled.
Ecosystems	And so the combination of energy coming in and then the matter, especially carbon being recycled, we come to a new term here.
Ecosystems	That's called primary productivity.
Ecosystems	So depending on where you are on the planet, you have either a high level or a low level of primary productivity.
Ecosystems	Basically what that is, is the producers in an area.
Ecosystems	It's how much biomass they're laying down.
Ecosystems	As a result of that we have these very complex reactions.
Ecosystems	And so those are called food chains.
Ecosystems	It's basically a feeding chain.
Ecosystems	And if we get more complex that's called a food web.
Ecosystems	But remember every organism that's living in an ecosystem is adapted to that environment.
Ecosystems	And those specific constraints.
Ecosystems	Now sometimes there will be impacts on an ecosystem.
Ecosystems	And so those impacts can be biotic or abiotic.
Ecosystems	Remember they could be living or non-living.
Ecosystems	But basically what that does is create competition.
Ecosystems	And so all populations are limited by the amount of availability of these resources that they have.
Ecosystems	And so eventually all populations will undergo logistic growth.
Ecosystems	Now if we let things run naturally they tend to fit a regular balance or find an equilibrium.
Ecosystems	But lots of times humans will make changes and those changes can have very quick impacts on an ecosystem and sometimes can lead to extinctions.
Ecosystems	And so let's get started.
Ecosystems	Let's first start by defining what primary productivity is.
Ecosystems	Primary productivity as I mentioned just a second ago is how much livable mass is being laid down by the producers in an area.
Ecosystems	Remember the producers are going to be those things that do photosynthesis.
Ecosystems	And so they're using energy and then they're weaving matter together to make life.
Ecosystems	And so if we look on our planet we find here in the ocean we're going to have, this is measuring the amount of chlorophyll A, we're going to have a higher primary productivity here and here than we are right at the equator.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

So Tay-Sachs is actually again due to a single mutation in one gene, like a point mutation that leads to lysosomes in neurons and brain cells malfunctioning.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

And basically it's missing a hydrolytic enzyme that hydrolyses and breaks down and digests fat.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

So a person who is homozygous recessive for Tay-Sachs, their brain will actually over their first couple years of life will accumulate with undigested fat and that leads to paralysis, blindness, deafness, and eventually death as their brain is no longer able to work as it fills up.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

So very like devastating trait to inherit.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

And then we have another inherited disorder, Huntington's disease.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

Now Huntington's disease is actually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

And so with this, it isn't due to a single like point mutation but rather a duplication.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

There's a certain sequence in the DNA that is replicated over and over and over.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

So a person with 35 or more of the CAG repeat, so it's basically like you copy and paste it multiple times a section so their gene is actually very long and then the protein is very long.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

It actually causes the neurons in that person with Huntington's to like degenerate over time to like break down and no longer work.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

And so therefore it has like debilitating consequences.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

Now the issue with Huntington's disease however is that it is adult onset.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

The symptoms of Huntington's disease don't show up until you're already past reproductive years.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

So you start to see symptoms between like 30 and 50 years old but by then you've already had offspring.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

So even though it's a dominant disorder, a dominant disease that you can inherit, you could be carrying that dominant allele and not know it until you're already older and past reproductive years so therefore you can still pass it on.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

Thankfully we live in a time where we can have our DNA analyzed and now we can be checked to see if we are carrying or not carrying, if we do have the allele for Huntington's disease that we inherited from parents or not.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

So yeah, thankfully we live in the modern age and we don't have to guess.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

Okay, and then now we're going to move into talking about traits on X chromosome, so sex linked traits.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

So here when we talk about, I don't really consider color blindness to be a disorder but it is a human condition that can be inherited, right?

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

So females who are homozygous dominant or heterozygous would not be color blind but if they're homozygous recessive they are color blind and then males, males are called hemizygous, they only have one X and so therefore they only have one allele so males tend to be color blind more often than females because they never have a chance to get that second dominant allele.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

But here is another example of an inherited human condition due to a single allele, on this case on the X chromosome.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

And then our last part of this standard is about specific chromosomal changes such as non-disjunction.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

So I have a whole separate video and PowerPoint on non-disjunction but this is really due to either homologous pairs or sister chromatids failing to separate properly during meiosis and it leads to an individual being born with an extra or missing chromosome.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

So Down syndrome for example would be an example of non-disjunction and that's an inherited syndrome due to an extra chromosome having 47 chromosomes.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

There's other ones like trisomy 18, the Klinefelter Jacob syndrome, there's a handful of other ones but here we have Down syndrome as my example.

AP Biology Topic 5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

Alright, alright this is it for unit 5, great job.

Study with me - 20 minute AP Biology study session [Cellular Respiration review 2021]

Music Hey everyone, Ms. Lasseter here.

Study with me - 20 minute AP Biology study session [Cellular Respiration review 2021]

In today's video, we're going to do something a little bit different, and I'm actually going to sit down and do a 20-minute study session with you, showing some of my favorite study strategies and doing those with an actual piece of content.

Study with me - 20 minute AP Biology study session [Cellular Respiration review 2021]

So if you're ready to sit down and do a 20-minute study session about cellular respiration, this video is for you.

Study with me - 20 minute AP Biology study session [Cellular Respiration review 2021]

If you just want to see me model some of my favorite study strategies, you can also watch this video, and hopefully it'll help you with some of your AP Biology study plans.

Study with me - 20 minute AP Biology study session [Cellular Respiration review 2021]

Now I'm going to get right into it so we don't waste too much of your precious AP Biology study time, but there's a few things you need before you get started with this study session.

Study with me - 20 minute AP Biology study session [Cellular Respiration review 2021]

One, something to write with and some paper to jot some ideas down on.

Study with me - 20 minute AP Biology study session [Cellular Respiration review 2021]

You can also work along with the slides that I have linked in the description of this video, but don't peek ahead because that might give away some of the answers and ruin all of these great study tactics for you.

Study with me - 20 minute AP Biology study session [Cellular Respiration review 2021]

I chose-

video_title

transcription

Ecosystems

Hi.

Ecosystems

It's Mr. Andersen.

Ecosystems

Welcome to Biology Essentials video 47.

Ecosystems

This is on ecosystems.

Ecosystems

And we happen to live next to one of the most famous ecosystems on the planet.

Ecosystems

That's the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.

Ecosystems

So we live right here in Bozeman which is about 60 miles north as a crow flies from Yellowstone National Park.

Ecosystems

And so when we're talking about ecosystems we should figure out where in ecology what level we're at.

Ecosystems

So remember Bebekpo is biosphere, biome, ecosystem, community, population, organism.

Ecosystems

And so basically what is an ecosystem?

Ecosystems

An ecosystem is going to be all of the biotic and abiotic characteristics in an area.

Ecosystems

And so Yellowstone Park was founded in 1872 and it was mostly founded to protect these geothermal features.

Ecosystems

And so what is most famous would probably be Old Faithful which is about right here.

Ecosystems

But Yellowstone is situated on this giant Yellowstone caldera which is kind of like that.

Ecosystems

And so when they established Yellowstone Park they established it just to protect the geothermal features.

Ecosystems

So the hot springs, the boiling mud and all of that.

Ecosystems

But what they ended up doing luckily is preserving one of the most pristine ecosystems on our planet.

Ecosystems

And so Yellowstone Park, if I look over on this map, if I were to trace it, it's about right here.

Ecosystems

So this is right on the corner of Wyoming and it goes into Montana and Idaho over here.

Ecosystems

But if you look at around here there's all these national forests.

Ecosystems

And so we eventually have this giant ecosystem which is kind of in this brownish area.

Ecosystems

They didn't really start talking about it as an ecosystem until the 1970's when they were studying grizzly bears.

Ecosystems

And they found that grizzly bears were in trouble.

Ecosystems

But this was kind of where they ranged.

Ecosystems

So this was their range.

Ecosystems

But you can see over here that we're not sure what an actual ecosystem is.

Ecosystems

How big it is and how big we should make that.

Ecosystems

What's interesting is that this is all a national park.

Ecosystems

And these are national forests around it.

Ecosystems

But once we move out into here we're moving into private land.

Ecosystems

And so there's an interesting kind of conflict that comes up when we move from national land to land that's actually owned by people.

Ecosystems

The wildlife isn't but the land surely is.

Ecosystems

And so it's a hard thing to maintain.

Ecosystems

But even with all of that, greater Yellowstone ecosystem is the most pristine ecosystem in the northern latitudes.

Ecosystems

Especially in North America that we have.

Ecosystems

So it's pretty cool.

Ecosystems

It's nice to live right next door.

Ecosystems

So basically in this podcast I'm going to talk about ecosystems and how they're affected by their environment.

Ecosystems

Remember they get energy from the sun.

Ecosystems

But the matter has to be recycled.

Ecosystems

And so the combination of energy coming in and then the matter, especially carbon being recycled, we come to a new term here.

Ecosystems

That's called primary productivity.

Ecosystems

So depending on where you are on the planet, you have either a high level or a low level of primary productivity.

Ecosystems

Basically what that is, is the producers in an area.

Ecosystems

It's how much biomass they're laying down.

Ecosystems

As a result of that we have these very complex reactions.

Ecosystems

And so those are called food chains.

Ecosystems

It's basically a feeding chain.

Ecosystems

And if we get more complex that's called a food web.

Ecosystems

But remember every organism that's living in an ecosystem is adapted to that environment.

Ecosystems

And those specific constraints.

Ecosystems

Now sometimes there will be impacts on an ecosystem.

Ecosystems

And so those impacts can be biotic or abiotic.

Ecosystems

Remember they could be living or non-living.

Ecosystems

But basically what that does is create competition.

Ecosystems

And so all populations are limited by the amount of availability of these resources that they have.

Ecosystems

And so eventually all populations will undergo logistic growth.

Ecosystems

Now if we let things run naturally they tend to fit a regular balance or find an equilibrium.

Ecosystems

But lots of times humans will make changes and those changes can have very quick impacts on an ecosystem and sometimes can lead to extinctions.

Ecosystems

And so let's get started.

Ecosystems

Let's first start by defining what primary productivity is.

Ecosystems

Primary productivity as I mentioned just a second ago is how much livable mass is being laid down by the producers in an area.

Ecosystems

Remember the producers are going to be those things that do photosynthesis.

Ecosystems

And so they're using energy and then they're weaving matter together to make life.

Ecosystems

And so if we look on our planet we find here in the ocean we're going to have, this is measuring the amount of chlorophyll A, we're going to have a higher primary productivity here and here than we are right at the equator.