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Ecosystems
If we were to draw in what the K value is, I would say K value so far looks like right about here.
Ecosystems
Maybe around 140, 150 wolves that Yellowstone Park can support.
Ecosystems
Now those wolves are moving outside of the park as well.
Ecosystems
There's competition that happens then.
Ecosystems
So this is the same thing.
Ecosystems
Here is that growth of wolves.
Ecosystems
So the wolves are going to be on this side.
Ecosystems
So their population went up.
Ecosystems
They've gone down, up, down.
Ecosystems
It will probably go up.
Ecosystems
So it's just going like that.
Ecosystems
So on this side we've graphed the wolves.
Ecosystems
But let's look at what has happened to the elk population.
Ecosystems
So the elk population is going to be listed on the other side.
Ecosystems
Something like 87% of what wolves eat are elk.
Ecosystems
And so these two are linked together.
Ecosystems
They eat bison.
Ecosystems
They eat moose.
Ecosystems
They eat a lot of different things.
Ecosystems
But in general they're mostly eating elk.
Ecosystems
And so if we look at what's happened to the elk population during this time, the elk population started at around, this is in the northern area of Yellowstone Park, started around 16,000.
Ecosystems
But it steadily dropped off.
Ecosystems
Okay.
Ecosystems
So now it's down to who knows, 5,000 elk maybe in 2011.
Ecosystems
So what pressure is that going to put on wolves?
Ecosystems
Well now there's not a lot of food to eat.
Ecosystems
And so the wolf population is going to drop off.
Ecosystems
As the wolf population drops off they're going to feed on less elk.
Ecosystems
And so there's probably going to be this predator prey relationship between the two where the elk population will start to make a comeback.
Ecosystems
It will drop off like that.
Ecosystems
And then if we look at the wolf population, wolf population is going to follow that as well.
Ecosystems
And so we reach what's called an equilibrium.
Ecosystems
Now this is great for wolves.
Ecosystems
Not great if you're an elk hunter in Montana because the population has gone from 16,000 down to like 5,000.
Ecosystems
So as they move out of Yellowstone Park, as wolves move into that area that's private like I mentioned at the beginning, there get to be real human issues and impacts with that.
Ecosystems
Last thing that I want to talk about relates to humans then.
Ecosystems
So humans can have huge impacts on an ecosystem and not knowingly we can make big changes.
Ecosystems
So let me tell you the story of the whitebark pine.
Ecosystems
Whitebark pine is going to be found in Yellowstone Park.
Ecosystems
If we look at where it is, here's present day whitebark pine.
Ecosystems
So it's usually going to be found in higher areas.
Ecosystems
But basically it's a sturdy kind of a pine.
Ecosystems
It can deal with lots of snow and really cold temperatures.
Ecosystems
But they'll produce pine nuts during the year.
Ecosystems
And those pine nuts are gathered up by squirrels.
Ecosystems
So the squirrels love to grab the pine nuts.
Ecosystems
They dig and create these middens which are just like a stash of a bunch of these pine nuts.
Ecosystems
They'll feed on those during the winter.
Ecosystems
But sometimes they forget where they are.
Ecosystems
And a lot of the time those middens are, middens I think, M-I-D-D-E-N-S, are raided by grizzly bears.
Ecosystems
So grizzly bears will move up into these areas and they'll raid these middens.
Ecosystems
And so it's a big part of their food supply before they start to hibernate in the winter.
Ecosystems
And so what's happening?
Ecosystems
Well global warming, so changes to the global climate or climate change is creating warming conditions in Yellowstone Park.
Ecosystems
And this is projections of what will happen to the whitebark pine population if we just get a moderate increase in temperature.
Ecosystems
They can't deal with that.
Ecosystems
And so the whitebark pine is going to drop off.
Ecosystems
As a result of that, squirrels aren't going to have any nuts that they can actually stash.
Ecosystems
Grizzlies aren't going to have that.
Ecosystems
And so you can see that this food chain is tied to the environment.
Ecosystems
Tied into the, in this case it's going to be the overall temperature.
Ecosystems
And so human impacts are so fast, so global climate change is so fast that it forces pressure on all the species within that ecosystem and all those connections.
Ecosystems
A lot of the ones we don't even know.
Ecosystems
And so that's ecosystems.
Ecosystems
They're really delicate.
Ecosystems
They also have feedback loops that kind of maintain that equilibrium.
Ecosystems
But I hope that's helpful.
AP Biology Unit 3 Workbook now available!
Hello, I just wanted to make a quick video to let you know that if you use my videos to study for your AP Bio class, I have actually made a workbook for AP Bio Unit 3 that follows along with my videos.
AP Biology Unit 3 Workbook now available!
So there are questions that go along with them and I also included bit.ly's, I don't know if you can see.
AP Biology Unit 3 Workbook now available!
Oh, there it is.
AP Biology Unit 3 Workbook now available!
Bit.ly's that match the video to the questions.
AP Biology Unit 3 Workbook now available!
This workbook is available on Amazon and I've also included nice summaries with pictures of each chapter as well as practice questions for you.
AP Biology Unit 3 Workbook now available!
So at the end of a topic on photosynthesis or enzymes or cellular respiration, I've included some critical thinking questions as well as practice FRQs.
AP Biology Unit 3 Workbook now available!
So if you'd like a little workbook to follow along as you study, you can check it out on Amazon.
AP Biology Unit 3 Workbook now available!
I'll put the link below and good luck on any tests you have for this topic.
AP Biology Unit 3 Workbook now available!
Bye.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
Hello and welcome back for the second half of the macromolecule chapter.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
We're going to cover proteins and nucleic acids.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
These guys have their own kind of section here.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
I've kind of held them off because these are two of the most critical things for humans, any animal, plant, bacteria, anything alive for them to function and survive.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
Proteins especially are incredibly important because they act in so many capacities.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
Most anything with colors because of a protein.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
Many of your hormones are because of proteins.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
A lot of your structural components, what makes your bones flexible, what holds all your organs in place, the stuff that makes up your fingernails, your hair, these are all proteins.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
What does chemical reactions?
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
We'll talk about enzymes later.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
All enzymes are proteins.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
So there's going to be an incredible amount of the molecules in your body.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
In some cases it can be upwards of about half of your dry body weight.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
I should say body mass here to be correct.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
It's going to ultimately come down to proteins.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
So these guys are huge.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
Which proteins you have can largely determine how well you function, if you function, if you survive.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
A lot of that is because they can be incredibly diverse owing to the fact that they are a polymer that consists of amino acid monomers.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
There are 20 different amino acid monomers.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
Each of them has a different R group.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
So there's basically several parts of an amino acid.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
They typically have a carboxylic group, carboxylic acid group, hence the acid.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
They tend to have an amine group, an NH2 group.
AP Bio Macromolecules - Part 2
An amine or an amino group.