Datasets:

LeroyDyer
/

Wikipedia_Subset_Swahili_full

Dataset card Data Studio Files Files and versions Community

Split (1)

train · 207k rows

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.

question stringlengths 1 202	answer stringlengths 8 208k	conversations listlengths 3 3
Kakuzi/Mitubiri	ni kata ya kaunti ya Murang'a, Eneo bunge la Gatanga, nchini Kenya. Tanbihi Kata za Kenya Kaunti ya Murang'a	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Kakuzi/Mitubiri", "role": "user" }, { "content": "ni kata ya kaunti ya Murang'a, Eneo bunge la Gatanga, nchini Kenya.\n\nTanbihi\n\nKata za Kenya\nKaunti ya Murang'a", "role": "assistant" } ]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20in%20Ireland	Events from the year 2007 in Ireland. Incumbents President: Mary McAleese Taoiseach: Bertie Ahern (FF) Tánaiste: Michael McDowell (PD) (until 14 June 2007) Brian Cowen (FF) (from 14 June 2007) Minister for Finance: Brian Cowen (FF) Chief Justice: John L. Murray Dáil: 29th (until 26 April 2007) 30th (from 14 June 2007) Seanad: 22nd (until 4 July 2007) 23rd (from 24 July 2007) Events 28 January – The new Dublin Port Tunnel opened to general traffic, having already opened to heavy goods vehicles last December 20th. 12 March – Docklands railway station opened in its temporary location, the first new station in Dublin's city centre since Tara Street Station in 1891. 30 April – President Mary McAleese dissolved the 29th Dáil at the request of Taoiseach Bertie Ahern. The general election was fixed for 24 May. 24 May – A general election was held. 14 June – The 30th Dáil met and formed a Fianna Fáil–Green Party–Progressive Democrat coalition government. 17 July – A North/South Ministerial Council meeting included the Democratic Unionist Party for the first time. 19 July – The red kite bird species was reintroduced in the Wicklow Mountains. 26 October – The final People In Need Telethon was held. Arts and literature 23 March – John Carney's musical film Once had its Irish release, at the Savoy Cinema in Dublin. May – Michael Scott's fantasy fiction The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel was published. 9 June – Mark O'Rowe's play Terminus was premièred at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin. 23 July – Spin South West radio station began broadcasting from Raheen, County Limerick. 5 October – The film Garage was released. Kevin Barry's short story collection There are Little Kingdoms was published and won the Rooney Prize for Irish Literature. Anne Enright's novel The Gathering was published and won the Man Booker Prize. Tana French's debut crime novel In the Woods was published. Derek Landy's children's novel Skulduggery Pleasant was published and won the Red House Children's Book Award (2008). Music Sport Association football Internationals European Championship Qualifiers 7 February – San Marino 1–2 Ireland 24 March – Ireland 1–0 Wales 28 March – Ireland 1–0 Slovakia 8 September – Slovakia 2–2 Ireland 12 September – Czech Republic 1–0 Ireland 13 October – Ireland 0–0 Germany 17 October – Ireland 1–1 Cyprus 17 November – Wales 2–2 Ireland Ireland finished third in the Group and failed to qualify. Setanta Cup Winners: Drogheda United League of Ireland Winners: Drogheda United FAI Cup Winners: Cork City 19 February – reigning League of Ireland champions Shelbourne were demoted to the First Division by the Football Association of Ireland after having their Premier Division Licence revoked by the FAI's First Instance Committee. The club was issued a First Division Licence in place of the revoked licence. Cricket 2007 Cricket World Cup: In a successful world cup debut, the Ireland cricket team qualified from the group stage for the Super 8 stage, notably defeating Pakistan cricket team in the process. Gaelic games Football 2007 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final 16 September: Kerry 3–13 Cork 1–9 Hurling 2007 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final 2 September: Kilkenny 2–19 Limerick 1–15 Golf Pádraig Harrington finished in the top 10 at the US Masters in Augusta, Georgia. Darren Clarke missed the cut. Pádraig Harrington won the British Open in Carnoustie, Scotland. Rory McIlroy won the silver medal for leading amateur. Darren Clarke missed the cut. Irish Open was won by Pádraig Harrington (Ireland). Rugby union 2007 Six Nations Championship Wales 9–19 Ireland Ireland 17–20 France Ireland 43–13 England Scotland 18–19 Ireland Italy 24–51 Ireland Ireland finished second in the Championship, after France but claimed the Triple Crown for the third time in four years. 2007 Rugby World Cup Ireland 32–17 Namibia Ireland 14–10 Georgia Ireland 3–25 France Ireland 15–30 Argentina 2006–07 Heineken Cup Munster and Leinster both qualified for the quarter finals but failed to progress Deaths January to June 3 January – Michael Yeats, Fianna Fáil Seanad member and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) (born 1921). 23 January – Jimmy Murray, Roscommon Gaelic footballer and All-Ireland Senior Football Championship-winning captain (born 1917). 28 January – Bertie Troy, Roman Catholic priest and All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship-winning manager with Cork (born 1930). 5 February – John S. Beckett, musician, composer and conductor (born 1927). 8 February – Benedict Kiely, writer, broadcaster and journalist (born 1919). 17 February – Dermot O'Reilly, musician, producer and songwriter (born 1942). 25 February – Jackie Gilroy, former Dublin Gaelic footballer (born 1942). 11 March – Dave Creedon, former Cork hurler (born 1919). 2 April – Emma Groves, blinded by a rubber bullet in 1971, leading campaigner for banning the use of plastic bullets, co-founder of the United Campaign Against Plastic Bullets (born 1920). 24 April – Kate Walsh, Progressive Democrats Senator (born 1947). 29 April – Con Murphy, Cork hurler and former President of the Gaelic Athletic Association (born 1922). 5 May – Michael ffrench-O'Carroll, Independent Teachta Dála (TD) and Senator (born 1919). 22 May – Dermot O'Brien, former Louth Gaelic footballer and entertainer (born 1932). 30 May – Kieran Carey, Tipperary hurler (born 1933). 1 June – John Moriarty, writer and philosopher (born 1938). July to December 1 July – John Egan, former Dublin GAA County Chairman (born 1951). 9 July – John Wilson, Fianna Fáil TD and Cabinet Minister, former Cavan Gaelic footballer (born 1923). 15 July – Kieron Moore, actor (born 1924). 23 July – Joan O'Hara, actress (born 1930). 1 August – Tommy Makem, folk singer (born 1932). 3 August – Éamonn Young, Cork Gaelic footballer (born 1921). 10 August – Tom Cheasty, Waterford hurler (born 1934). 27 August – Tom Mulligan, Dublin Gaelic footballer (born 1977). 30 August – Tom Munnelly, folk-song collector (born 1944). 10 September – Joe Sherlock, Labour Party (Ireland) TD (born 1930). 26 September – Mick Holden, Gaelic footballer and hurler (born 1954). 2 October – Dan Keating, Ireland's oldest man and last surviving veteran of the Irish War of Independence (born 1902). 3 October – Tony Ryan, businessman and philanthropist, founder of Guinness Peat Aviation and co-founder of Ryanair (born 1936). 6 October – Tom Murphy, actor (born 1968). 19 October – Johnny Clifford, Cork hurler (born 1934). 22 October – Brendan McWilliams, meteorologist and science writer (born 1944). 28 October – Anthony Clare, psychiatrist and broadcaster (born 1942). 13 November Alec Cooke, Baron Cooke of Islandreagh, businessman and politician (born 1920). Hugh Gibbons, Roscommon Gaelic footballer and Fianna Fáil TD (born 1916). 15 November – Ned Power, Waterford hurler (born 1929). 3 December – Eileen Proctor, founder and president of the National Association of Widows in Ireland (born 1916). 6 December – Katy French, model and socialite (born 1983). 7 December – Mick Ryan, Tipperary hurler (born 1925). 11 December – Christie Hennessy, folk singer-songwriter (born 1945). 14 December – Gene Fitzgerald, Fianna Fáil TD and MEP (born 1932). 15 December – Jimmy O'Neill, soccer player (born 1931). 26 December – Joe Dolan, singer (born 1939). 27 December – Kit Ahern, Fianna Fáil TD (born 1915). Full date unknown Eamon Law, Kilkenny Irish handball player. See also 2007 in Irish television References External links 2007 at Reeling in the Years	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20in%20Ireland", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Events from the year 2007 in Ireland.\n\nIncumbents\n President: Mary McAleese\n Taoiseach: Bertie Ahern (FF)\n Tánaiste:\n Michael McDowell (PD) (until 14 June 2007)\n Brian Cowen (FF) (from 14 June 2007)\n Minister for Finance: Brian Cowen (FF) \n Chief Justice: John L. Murray\n Dáil:\n 29th (until 26 April 2007)\n 30th (from 14 June 2007)\n Seanad:\n 22nd (until 4 July 2007)\n 23rd (from 24 July 2007)\n\nEvents\n 28 January – The new Dublin Port Tunnel opened to general traffic, having already opened to heavy goods vehicles last December 20th.\n 12 March – Docklands railway station opened in its temporary location, the first new station in Dublin's city centre since Tara Street Station in 1891.\n 30 April – President Mary McAleese dissolved the 29th Dáil at the request of Taoiseach Bertie Ahern. The general election was fixed for 24 May.\n 24 May – A general election was held.\n 14 June – The 30th Dáil met and formed a Fianna Fáil–Green Party–Progressive Democrat coalition government.\n 17 July – A North/South Ministerial Council meeting included the Democratic Unionist Party for the first time.\n 19 July – The red kite bird species was reintroduced in the Wicklow Mountains.\n 26 October – The final People In Need Telethon was held.\n\nArts and literature\n 23 March – John Carney's musical film Once had its Irish release, at the Savoy Cinema in Dublin.\n May – Michael Scott's fantasy fiction The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel was published. \n 9 June – Mark O'Rowe's play Terminus was premièred at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin.\n 23 July – Spin South West radio station began broadcasting from Raheen, County Limerick.\n 5 October – The film Garage was released.\n Kevin Barry's short story collection There are Little Kingdoms was published and won the Rooney Prize for Irish Literature.\n Anne Enright's novel The Gathering was published and won the Man Booker Prize.\n Tana French's debut crime novel In the Woods was published.\n Derek Landy's children's novel Skulduggery Pleasant was published and won the Red House Children's Book Award (2008).\n\nMusic\n\nSport\n\nAssociation football\n Internationals\nEuropean Championship Qualifiers\n7 February – San Marino 1–2 Ireland\n24 March – Ireland 1–0 Wales\n28 March – Ireland 1–0 Slovakia\n8 September – Slovakia 2–2 Ireland\n12 September – Czech Republic 1–0 Ireland\n13 October – Ireland 0–0 Germany\n17 October – Ireland 1–1 Cyprus\n17 November – Wales 2–2 Ireland\nIreland finished third in the Group and failed to qualify.\n\n Setanta Cup\n Winners: Drogheda United\n League of Ireland\n Winners: Drogheda United\n FAI Cup\n Winners: Cork City\n 19 February – reigning League of Ireland champions Shelbourne were demoted to the First Division by the Football Association of Ireland after having their Premier Division Licence revoked by the FAI's First Instance Committee. The club was issued a First Division Licence in place of the revoked licence.\n\nCricket\n2007 Cricket World Cup: In a successful world cup debut, the Ireland cricket team qualified from the group stage for the Super 8 stage, notably defeating Pakistan cricket team in the process.\n\nGaelic games\nFootball\n2007 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\n16 September: Kerry 3–13 Cork 1–9\n\nHurling\n2007 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\n2 September: Kilkenny 2–19 Limerick 1–15\n\nGolf\n Pádraig Harrington finished in the top 10 at the US Masters in Augusta, Georgia. Darren Clarke missed the cut.\n Pádraig Harrington won the British Open in Carnoustie, Scotland. Rory McIlroy won the silver medal for leading amateur. Darren Clarke missed the cut.\n Irish Open was won by Pádraig Harrington (Ireland).\n\nRugby union\n 2007 Six Nations Championship\n Wales 9–19 Ireland\n Ireland 17–20 France\n Ireland 43–13 England\n Scotland 18–19 Ireland\n Italy 24–51 Ireland\n Ireland finished second in the Championship, after France but claimed the Triple Crown for the third time in four years.\n 2007 Rugby World Cup\n Ireland 32–17 Namibia\n Ireland 14–10 Georgia\n Ireland 3–25 France\n Ireland 15–30 Argentina\n 2006–07 Heineken Cup\n Munster and Leinster both qualified for the quarter finals but failed to progress\n\nDeaths\n\nJanuary to June\n\n 3 January – Michael Yeats, Fianna Fáil Seanad member and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) (born 1921).\n 23 January – Jimmy Murray, Roscommon Gaelic footballer and All-Ireland Senior Football Championship-winning captain (born 1917).\n 28 January – Bertie Troy, Roman Catholic priest and All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship-winning manager with Cork (born 1930).\n 5 February – John S. Beckett, musician, composer and conductor (born 1927).\n 8 February – Benedict Kiely, writer, broadcaster and journalist (born 1919).\n 17 February – Dermot O'Reilly, musician, producer and songwriter (born 1942).\n 25 February – Jackie Gilroy, former Dublin Gaelic footballer (born 1942).\n 11 March – Dave Creedon, former Cork hurler (born 1919).\n 2 April – Emma Groves, blinded by a rubber bullet in 1971, leading campaigner for banning the use of plastic bullets, co-founder of the United Campaign Against Plastic Bullets (born 1920).\n 24 April – Kate Walsh, Progressive Democrats Senator (born 1947).\n 29 April – Con Murphy, Cork hurler and former President of the Gaelic Athletic Association (born 1922).\n 5 May – Michael ffrench-O'Carroll, Independent Teachta Dála (TD) and Senator (born 1919).\n 22 May – Dermot O'Brien, former Louth Gaelic footballer and entertainer (born 1932).\n 30 May – Kieran Carey, Tipperary hurler (born 1933).\n 1 June – John Moriarty, writer and philosopher (born 1938).\n\nJuly to December\n\n 1 July – John Egan, former Dublin GAA County Chairman (born 1951).\n 9 July – John Wilson, Fianna Fáil TD and Cabinet Minister, former Cavan Gaelic footballer (born 1923).\n 15 July – Kieron Moore, actor (born 1924).\n 23 July – Joan O'Hara, actress (born 1930).\n 1 August – Tommy Makem, folk singer (born 1932).\n 3 August – Éamonn Young, Cork Gaelic footballer (born 1921).\n 10 August – Tom Cheasty, Waterford hurler (born 1934).\n 27 August – Tom Mulligan, Dublin Gaelic footballer (born 1977).\n 30 August – Tom Munnelly, folk-song collector (born 1944).\n 10 September – Joe Sherlock, Labour Party (Ireland) TD (born 1930).\n 26 September – Mick Holden, Gaelic footballer and hurler (born 1954).\n 2 October – Dan Keating, Ireland's oldest man and last surviving veteran of the Irish War of Independence (born 1902).\n 3 October – Tony Ryan, businessman and philanthropist, founder of Guinness Peat Aviation and co-founder of Ryanair (born 1936).\n 6 October – Tom Murphy, actor (born 1968).\n 19 October – Johnny Clifford, Cork hurler (born 1934).\n 22 October – Brendan McWilliams, meteorologist and science writer (born 1944).\n 28 October – Anthony Clare, psychiatrist and broadcaster (born 1942).\n 13 November \n Alec Cooke, Baron Cooke of Islandreagh, businessman and politician (born 1920).\n Hugh Gibbons, Roscommon Gaelic footballer and Fianna Fáil TD (born 1916).\n 15 November – Ned Power, Waterford hurler (born 1929).\n 3 December – Eileen Proctor, founder and president of the National Association of Widows in Ireland (born 1916).\n 6 December – Katy French, model and socialite (born 1983).\n 7 December – Mick Ryan, Tipperary hurler (born 1925).\n 11 December – Christie Hennessy, folk singer-songwriter (born 1945).\n 14 December – Gene Fitzgerald, Fianna Fáil TD and MEP (born 1932).\n 15 December – Jimmy O'Neill, soccer player (born 1931).\n 26 December – Joe Dolan, singer (born 1939).\n 27 December – Kit Ahern, Fianna Fáil TD (born 1915).\n\nFull date unknown\n Eamon Law, Kilkenny Irish handball player.\n\nSee also\n2007 in Irish television\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n 2007 at Reeling in the Years", "role": "assistant" } ]
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majimbo%20ya%20Venezuela	Hii ni orodha ya majimbo ya Venezuela: Special status areas Viungo vya nje Venezuela katika Statoids.com Venezuela Venezuela	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majimbo%20ya%20Venezuela", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Hii ni orodha ya majimbo ya Venezuela:\n\nSpecial status areas\n\nViungo vya nje\n Venezuela katika Statoids.com \n\nVenezuela\n \nVenezuela", "role": "assistant" } ]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Covell	William Covell (died 1613) was an English clergyman and writer. Life He was born in Chadderton, Lancashire, England, and proceeded MA at Queens' College, Cambridge in 1588. In the 1590s Covell took part in the controversy about how far the newly reformed Church of England should abandon the liturgy and hierarchy of the past, to which debate he contributed several broadly anti-puritan works. In his later career he allied himself with Archbishop John Whitgift and afterwards with his successor, Richard Bancroft, who, like Covell, was Lancashire-born. William Covell died in 1613 at Mersham, Kent, where he was rector. Works Covell's interest to modern scholars now largely depends on one polemical work published in 1595, Polimanteia. In the course of this work, dedicated to the 2nd Earl of Essex, Covell briefly mentioned contemporary authors such as Thomas Nashe, Samuel Daniel and William Shakespeare. Covell published in 1603 a religious volume which weighed in on the then-contemporary tension in the Church of England between tradition and puritanism. References Stephen Wright, ‘Covell, William (d. 1613)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 Notes People from Chadderton English Calvinist and Reformed ministers Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge Year of birth unknown 16th-century births 1613 deaths 17th-century English Anglican priests 16th-century Anglican theologians 17th-century Anglican theologians Clergy from Lancashire 17th-century English male writers 17th-century English writers People from Mersham	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Covell", "role": "user" }, { "content": "William Covell (died 1613) was an English clergyman and writer.\n\nLife\n\nHe was born in Chadderton, Lancashire, England, and proceeded MA at Queens' College, Cambridge in 1588.\n\nIn the 1590s Covell took part in the controversy about how far the newly reformed Church of England should abandon the liturgy and hierarchy of the past, to which debate he contributed several broadly anti-puritan works. In his later career he allied himself with Archbishop John Whitgift and afterwards with his successor, Richard Bancroft, who, like Covell, was Lancashire-born.\n\nWilliam Covell died in 1613 at Mersham, Kent, where he was rector.\n\nWorks\n\nCovell's interest to modern scholars now largely depends on one polemical work published in 1595, Polimanteia. In the course of this work, dedicated to the 2nd Earl of Essex, Covell briefly mentioned contemporary authors such as Thomas Nashe, Samuel Daniel and William Shakespeare.\n\nCovell published in 1603 a religious volume which weighed in on the then-contemporary tension in the Church of England between tradition and puritanism.\n\nReferences\nStephen Wright, ‘Covell, William (d. 1613)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004\n\nNotes\n\nPeople from Chadderton\nEnglish Calvinist and Reformed ministers\nAlumni of Queens' College, Cambridge\nYear of birth unknown\n16th-century births\n1613 deaths\n17th-century English Anglican priests\n16th-century Anglican theologians\n17th-century Anglican theologians\nClergy from Lancashire\n17th-century English male writers\n17th-century English writers\nPeople from Mersham", "role": "assistant" } ]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunshine%20Superman%3A%20The%20Very%20Best%20of%20Donovan	Sunshine Superman: The Very Best of Donovan is a compilation album from Scottish singer-songwriter Donovan. It was released on 8 October 2002 (EMI 540777). History In 2002, EMI assembled a compilation of Donovan's recordings from the 1960s and titled it Sunshine Superman: The Very Best of Donovan. This compilation has little in common with any of Donovan's other albums titled Sunshine Superman and little in common with any of Donovan's other albums titled The Best of Donovan and The Very Best of Donovan. Track listing All tracks by Donovan Leitch. "Sunshine Superman" – 4:33 "Mellow Yellow" – 3:39 "Catch the Wind" – 2:55 "There Is a Mountain" – 2:35 "Colours" – 2:45 "Jennifer Juniper" – 2:42 "The Trip" – 4:34 "Sunny Goodge Street" – 2:55 "Happiness Runs" – 3:25 "Poor Cow" – 2:57 "Preachin' Love" – 2:40 "Hurdy Gurdy Man" – 3:13 "Superlungs My Supergirl" – 2:40 "Season of the Witch" – 4:55 "Turquoise" – 3:30 "Epistle to Dippy" – 3:10 "Sand and Foam" – 3:19 "Atlantis" – 4:59 "Guinevere" – 3:40 "Wear Your Love Like Heaven" – 2:24 "Barabajagal (Love Is Hot)" – 3:21 "Laleña" – 2:54 References External links Sunshine Superman: The Very Best Of Donovan – Donovan Unofficial Site 2002 greatest hits albums Donovan compilation albums	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunshine%20Superman%3A%20The%20Very%20Best%20of%20Donovan", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Sunshine Superman: The Very Best of Donovan is a compilation album from Scottish singer-songwriter Donovan. It was released on 8 October 2002 (EMI 540777).\n\nHistory\nIn 2002, EMI assembled a compilation of Donovan's recordings from the 1960s and titled it Sunshine Superman: The Very Best of Donovan. This compilation has little in common with any of Donovan's other albums titled Sunshine Superman and little in common with any of Donovan's other albums titled The Best of Donovan and The Very Best of Donovan.\n\nTrack listing\nAll tracks by Donovan Leitch.\n\"Sunshine Superman\" – 4:33\n\"Mellow Yellow\" – 3:39\n\"Catch the Wind\" – 2:55\n\"There Is a Mountain\" – 2:35\n\"Colours\" – 2:45\n\"Jennifer Juniper\" – 2:42\n\"The Trip\" – 4:34\n\"Sunny Goodge Street\" – 2:55\n\"Happiness Runs\" – 3:25\n\"Poor Cow\" – 2:57\n\"Preachin' Love\" – 2:40\n\"Hurdy Gurdy Man\" – 3:13\n\"Superlungs My Supergirl\" – 2:40\n\"Season of the Witch\" – 4:55\n\"Turquoise\" – 3:30\n\"Epistle to Dippy\" – 3:10\n\"Sand and Foam\" – 3:19\n\"Atlantis\" – 4:59\n\"Guinevere\" – 3:40\n\"Wear Your Love Like Heaven\" – 2:24\n\"Barabajagal (Love Is Hot)\" – 3:21\n\"Laleña\" – 2:54\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Sunshine Superman: The Very Best Of Donovan – Donovan Unofficial Site\n\n2002 greatest hits albums\nDonovan compilation albums", "role": "assistant" } ]
Lev Pavlovich Rapoport	Lev Pavlovich Rapoport (, January 13, 1920 – September 15, 2000) was well known for his pioneering works in nuclear and atomic theoretical physics. Early work His first works in this field concerned the simplest of atoms, atomic hydrogen, and, more specifically, light scattering from, and two-photon ionization of, hydrogen atoms. His analytical calculations of the cross sections for those processes are now considered classic works, and the methods he used to derive the corresponding formulas have formed the basis of many subsequent theoretical works by researchers both in Russia and abroad. Further work Rapoport's scientific achievements spanned a wide range of physics. After becoming a well-known specialist in theoretical nuclear physics during the 1950s, he published works in the then-new fields of superfluidity and superconductivity in the early 1960s. He gave a generalization of the Ginzburg–Landau equations applicable for lower temperatures and proposed a microscopic theory of magnetic flux quantization in superconductors. He also contributed to the development of the theory of finite Fermi systems, which he applied to the nuclear processes of beta decay and electron capture. In this work, the Green's function method formed the basis for numerical calculations. Further modifications of the Green's function method enabled researchers to study multiphoton processes in many-electron atoms and in simple molecules and also made possible numerical calculations of higher-order relativistic effects in atomic spectra. Co-workers Rapoport involved many of his students in scientific research. His high standards for teaching made him a leader in education, not only in physics but in many other programs at Voronezh State University. For example, he was a member of the university's scientific council, on which he actively influenced both the curricula and the scientific research of the university's mathematics and science departments. During the last quarter century of his life, he was the leading professor at Voronezh State University. In all, he trained 25 PhD students, 8 of whom subsequently obtained the DSc degree in physics and became professors who are now working in Russia and abroad. One may say that Rapoport guided the development of both the curricula and the faculty of the department of theoretical physics at Voronezh State University. Recognition The high quality of his research brought Rapoport increasing recognition. For his pioneering contributions to the theory of multiphoton processes in atoms, he was awarded the DSc degree in 1970 by St. Petersburg State University. In 1980, he was given the title Distinguished Scientist of the Russian Federation, which is an honor granted annually by the Russian government to only about 100 scientists in all scientific fields. Additionally, he was among the first recipients of grants for fundamental research from both Russian and international scientific foundations, including the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the International Science Foundation. Rapoport also served on the Russian Academy of Science's Scientific Council for Atomic Spectroscopy and Scientific Council for Coherent and Nonlinear Optics. External links Lev Pavlovich Rapoport 1920 births 2000 deaths Rapoport, Lev Rapoport, Lev Academic staff of Voronezh State University	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Lev Pavlovich Rapoport", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Lev Pavlovich Rapoport (, January 13, 1920 – September 15, 2000) was well known for his pioneering works in nuclear and atomic theoretical physics.\n\nEarly work\nHis first works in this field concerned the simplest of atoms, atomic hydrogen, and, more specifically, light scattering from, and two-photon ionization of, hydrogen atoms. His analytical calculations of the cross sections for those processes are now considered classic works, and the methods he used to derive the corresponding formulas have formed the basis of many subsequent theoretical works by researchers both in Russia and abroad.\n\nFurther work\nRapoport's scientific achievements spanned a wide range of physics. After becoming a well-known specialist in theoretical nuclear physics during the 1950s, he published works in the then-new fields of superfluidity and superconductivity in the early 1960s. He gave a generalization of the Ginzburg–Landau equations applicable for lower temperatures and proposed a microscopic theory of magnetic flux quantization in superconductors. He also contributed to the development of the theory of finite Fermi systems, which he applied to the nuclear processes of beta decay and electron capture. In this work, the Green's function method formed the basis for numerical calculations. Further modifications of the Green's function method enabled researchers to study multiphoton processes in many-electron atoms and in simple molecules and also made possible numerical calculations of higher-order relativistic effects in atomic spectra.\n\nCo-workers\nRapoport involved many of his students in scientific research. His high standards for teaching made him a leader in education, not only in physics but in many other programs at Voronezh State University. For example, he was a member of the university's scientific council, on which he actively influenced both the curricula and the scientific research of the university's mathematics and science departments. During the last quarter century of his life, he was the leading professor at Voronezh State University. In all, he trained 25 PhD students, 8 of whom subsequently obtained the DSc degree in physics and became professors who are now working in Russia and abroad. One may say that Rapoport guided the development of both the curricula and the faculty of the department of theoretical physics at Voronezh State University.\n\nRecognition\nThe high quality of his research brought Rapoport increasing recognition. For his pioneering contributions to the theory of multiphoton processes in atoms, he was awarded the DSc degree in 1970 by St. Petersburg State University. In 1980, he was given the title Distinguished Scientist of the Russian Federation, which is an honor granted annually by the Russian government to only about 100 scientists in all scientific fields. Additionally, he was among the first recipients of grants for fundamental research from both Russian and international scientific foundations, including the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the International Science Foundation. Rapoport also served on the Russian Academy of Science's Scientific Council for Atomic Spectroscopy and Scientific Council for Coherent and Nonlinear Optics.\n\nExternal links\n Lev Pavlovich Rapoport\n\n1920 births\n2000 deaths\nRapoport, Lev\nRapoport, Lev\nAcademic staff of Voronezh State University", "role": "assistant" } ]
2006 United States elections	The 2006 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 7, 2006, in the middle of Republican President George W. Bush's second term. In a political revolution that broke twelve years of Republican rule, the Democratic Party was swept into majorities in Congress, the governorships, and state legislatures across the country. This marked the first and only time either party achieved such a feat since the 1994 elections. These elections were widely categorized as a Democratic wave. In the Senate, Democrats won a net gain of six seats to secure a narrow majority in that chamber. Democrats also gained 31 seats in the House of Representatives, and following the election, Nancy Pelosi became the first female Speaker of the House. In the gubernatorial elections, Democrats achieved a net gain of six seats. Nationwide, Republicans failed to win any congressional or gubernatorial seat that was held by a Democrat before the election. This was also the first time since 1994 where a party did not lose a single incumbent in a gubernatorial or congressional election. Reasons for the Democratic Party's victory included the decline of the public image of George W. Bush, dissatisfaction of his administration's handling of both Hurricane Katrina and the War in Iraq, the beginning of the collapse of the United States housing bubble, Bush's legislative defeat regarding Social Security Privatization and immigration reform, the Republican-controlled Congress's unprecedented and unpopular involvement in the Terri Schiavo case, and a series of scandals in 2006 involving Republican politicians. Background In March 2003, President George W. Bush ordered an invasion of Iraq, a state which the Bush administration claimed was linked to the September 11 attacks in 2001, and claimed was producing weapons of mass destruction. In May, just two months after the initial invasion, Bush announced the end of major combat operations in Iraq. In the following months, insurgents began resisting the American occupation. Additionally, religious tensions between majority Shiite and minority Sunni Muslims, tensions which had been suppressed under the grip of Saddam's regime, resulted in violence. By the end of 2003, despite the war's initial popularity, the post-war occupation was losing support from the American public. A November 2003 Gallup poll showed that Bush's job approval rating had fallen to 50% from a high of 71% at the outset of the war. The next year, Bush won reelection over Democratic nominee Senator John Kerry with less than 51% of the popular vote and 286 electoral votes (only 16 votes ahead of the 270 votes needed), marking the smallest winning margin for an incumbent president since Woodrow Wilson in the 1916 election. However, it was the first time since 1988 that a winner garnered a popular majority. Terrorism and the war in Iraq dominated the election, with domestic issues taking a secondary role. Bush began his second term with a continuation of the occupation and a push to overhaul Social Security with his privatization plan. Both policies proved unpopular, and violence in Iraq continued to increase. Compounding the unpopularity of the war was the fact that no weapons of mass destruction were found. August 2005 was the last time any major public opinion poll recorded majority approval of Bush's job. Negative perceptions of Bush, following the slow governmental response to Hurricane Katrina, further weighed on his popularity. Simultaneously, the popularity of the Republican-controlled 109th Congress was also on the decline. A series of notable congressional scandals also took place in Washington, D.C., including the ongoing Jack Abramoff lobbying scandal, as well as the Mark Foley scandal and the Cunningham scandal, both in October 2006. Throughout 2006, sectarian violence persisted in Baghdad and other areas of Iraq; many claimed that the conflict was evolving into a civil war. President Bush's job approval rarely rose above 40%. Perceptions of Congress and Republicans in general, remained highly negative. Additionally, the Congress had a smaller than average list of major accomplishments (considering that the Party in charge of both the House and Senate also had control of the White House) and was not in session for a larger than average number of days. This allowed Democrats and others to characterize it as a "Do-Nothing" Congress and blame the Republican leadership for the lack of progress. Summary of results The Democratic Party won a majority of the state governorships and the U.S. House and Senate seats, each for the first time since 1994, an election-year commonly known as the "Republican Revolution." For the first time since the creation of the Republican Party in 1854, no Republican captured any House, Senate, or gubernatorial seat previously held by a Democrat. Democrats took a 233–202 advantage in the House of Representatives, and achieved a 49–49 tie in the United States Senate. The Senate figure is sometimes quoted in the media as 51–49, which includes two members who ran as independent candidates: Bernie Sanders and Joe Lieberman, who promised to caucus with the Democrats. The final Senate result was decided when Democrat Jim Webb was declared the winner in Virginia against incumbent George Allen, as reported by the Associated Press. On November 9, 2006, Allen and fellow Republican incumbent Sen. Conrad Burns of Montana both conceded defeat, ceding effective control of the Senate to the Democrats. The election made Nancy Pelosi (D-California) the first-ever female, first-ever Italian-American, and first-ever Californian Speaker of the House and Harry Reid (D-Nevada) the first Mormon Senate Majority Leader. Keith Ellison (D-Minnesota) became the first Muslim ever elected to the U.S. Congress and Mazie Hirono (D-Hawaii) and Hank Johnson (D-Georgia) became the first Buddhists in a United States governing body. Although seven states banned recognition of same-sex marriage, Arizona became the first state to reject such a ballot initiative. South Dakota rejected a ban on abortion under almost any circumstances, intended to overturn federal constitutional abortion-rights nationwide by setting up a strong test case that proponents hoped would lead to the overruling of Roe v. Wade. This result would eventually happen in 2022, with a Mississippi state law that imposed a 15 week ban on abortion leading to the case Dobbs v. Jackson, which then led to Roe’s overturning. Some of the Republican House and Senate seats lost by the Republicans belonged to members of the Republican Revolution of 1994. Senators Rick Santorum of Pennsylvania and Mike DeWine of Ohio, and Representatives Charlie Bass of New Hampshire, John Hostettler of Indiana, Gil Gutknecht of Minnesota, and J. D. Hayworth of Arizona all won previously Democratic seats in 1994 elections and were defeated in 2006. Representative Sue Kelly of New York, also first elected in 1994, was defeated as well. The Democrats also won back the Kansas 2nd and Ohio 18th, both of which they had lost in 1994. In the 2006 elections, the Democratic Party also claimed a majority of state governorships, gaining control of Republican-held governorships in New York, Massachusetts, Colorado, Arkansas, Maryland, and Ohio, giving the party a 28–22 advantage in governorships. Various scandals, including the Mark Foley congressional page scandal, the Jack Abramoff scandal, and various allegations of marital infidelity and abuse, doomed certain candidates, especially incumbents in PA-10 and NY-20, which hosted one of the most negative campaigns in the country. Virginia Senator George Allen, a potential Republican 2008 Presidential candidate, saw his chances for reelection disappear when he was caught on video using a racial slur to describe a young Indian-American who worked for his opponent's campaign. Federal elections Democrats won control of Congress for the first time since the 1994 election, which is commonly known as the "Republican Revolution." For the first time since the creation of the Republican party in 1854, no Republican captured any House, Senate, or Gubernatorial seat previously held by a Democrat. United States Senate The 33 seats in the United States Senate Class 1 were up for election. The Democrats gained six Senate seats by defeating Republican Senators in the states of Missouri, Montana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Virginia. Including Bernie Sanders and Joe Lieberman, two independents who caucused with the Democrats, Democrats won a 51-to-49 majority in the Senate. United States House of Representatives All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election. The Democrats won the national popular vote by a margin of eight percentage points and gained thirty-one seats from the Republicans. The election made Nancy Pelosi (D-California) the first-ever female, first-ever Italian-American, and first-ever Californian Speaker of the House Keith Ellison (D-Minnesota) became the first Muslim ever elected to the U.S. Congress and Mazie Hirono (D-Hawaii) and Hank Johnson (D-Georgia) became the first Buddhists in a United States governing body. State elections Governors Of the 50 United States governors, 36 were up for election. Twenty two of those contested seats were held by Republicans, and the remaining 14 were held by Democrats. Of the 36 state governorships up for election, ten were open due to retirement, term limits, or primary loss. Democrats won open Republican-held seats in New York, Massachusetts, Ohio, Arkansas and Colorado, in addition to defeating incumbent Bob Ehrlich in Maryland and holding their sole open seat in Iowa. As a result of the 2006 gubernatorial elections, there were 28 Democratic governors and 22 Republican governors, a reversal of the numbers held by the respective parties prior to the elections. Additionally, governorships were up for election in the U.S. territories of Guam, held by a Republican, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, where the Democratic governor was retiring. In each location, the incumbent party maintained control of the governorship. State legislatures Nearly all state legislatures were up for election. Prior to the general elections, with the exception of the nonpartisan Nebraska Legislature, 21 legislatures were controlled by Republicans, 19 by Democrats, and 9 were split legislatures (where each house is controlled by a different party). As a result of the 2006 elections, 23 legislatures were carried by Democrats, 16 by Republicans, and 10 legislatures were split. In all, Republicans lost, and Democrats gained more than 300 state legislative seats. Democrats flipped ten legislative chambers, while Republicans gained control of one. In total, Democrats gained or retained control of the state legislatures and governorships of 15 states, thus creating a unified government in Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, Washington and West Virginia, although the governorship of Louisiana reverted to the Republicans with the October 2007 election of Bobby Jindal. Republicans now control ten state governments, these being, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Missouri, North Dakota, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas and Utah. Democrats flipped ten legislative chambers. Democrats gained control of the Oregon House of Representatives, the Minnesota House of Representatives, both houses of the Iowa General Assembly, and both houses of the New Hampshire General Court- for the first time since 1875, giving them complete legislative control over those states. The Iowa Senate was previously tied. Democrats also won majorities in the Wisconsin Senate, the Michigan House of Representatives, the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, and the Indiana House of Representatives, turning those legislatures into split bodies. Additionally, a Democratic-led coalition was created in the Alaska Senate, which was previously a Republican majority. Democrats won a majority of state legislative chambers for the first time since 1995. Conversely, Republicans gained control of the Montana House of Representatives with the lone Constitution Party representative voting for Republican control of that body. Democrats won a veto-proof supermajority in both houses of the Connecticut General Assembly, with Democrats holding a commanding 131–56 majority. The most dramatic change in party control occurred with the New Hampshire General Court, where Republicans held a 92-seat majority in the House and an eight-seat majority in the Senate prior to the election. Ultimately, Republicans were down 81 seats in the House and five in the Senate, giving control of the General Court to the Democrats. This coincided with the landslide reelection of Democratic Governor John Lynch, the takeover of both of New Hampshire's U.S. House seats by Democrats, and New Hampshire's unique Executive Council gaining a Democratic majority. Third parties Third parties received largely mixed results in the 2006 elections. In the Maine House of Representatives, Green State Representative John Eder was narrowly defeated by Democratic rival Jon Hinck in a bitterly contested campaign over Portland's 118th District. Eder's loss deprived the U.S. Green movement's highest elected position in any state office. In the Vermont House of Representatives, the Vermont Progressive Party successfully maintained its six seats within the chamber. The Vermont Progressive Party has in recent years become one of the most consistently successful third parties in the U.S. to be elected to higher office. In Illinois, seemingly out of dissatisfaction with both the candidacies of Democratic Governor Rod Blagojevich and Republican candidate Judy Baar Topinka resulted in 10% of the electorate voting for the Green Party candidate Rich Whitney, an accomplishment, by all means, considering Whitney did not campaign on television or radio. In Montana, Rick Jore made history by becoming the first candidate of the right-wing Constitution Party to be elected to a state legislature, elected to the 12th District in the Montana House of Representatives. Jore initially won in 2004 by three votes, only to see the courts throw out enough ballots to give the Democrats the victory. In the 2006 elections, Jore won convincingly, garnering 56.2% of the vote. However, the Montana Constitution Party is no longer chartered under the national party, denying the United States Constitution Party the claim of holding a higher office. Neither the Libertarian nor the Reform Parties gained any state legislative seats. Ballot initiatives Voters weighed in on various ballot initiatives. These included: In a hotly contested referendum that inspired a widely publicized feud between conservative radio talk show host Rush Limbaugh and actor Michael J. Fox, Missouri voters narrowly passed an initiative to allow funding for embryonic stem cell research. The presence of the referendum on the ballot may also have aided Democrat Claire McCaskill in her victory over incumbent senator Jim Talent, who had opposed the measure. An amendment to the Missouri Constitution that would have levied a Tobacco Tax was defeated 51 to 48. Raising the minimum wage, which passed in all six states with such referendums (AZ, CO, MO, MT, NV, OH) In Washington an initiative to repeal the estate tax failed. State constitutional amendments prohibiting same-sex marriage are passed in seven out of eight states: Colorado, Idaho, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia, Wisconsin, with Arizona voting against the proposition that would ban same-sex marriage and civil unions, the first state in the nation to do so. The measures in Colorado and Tennessee bans same-sex marriage only, while Idaho, South Carolina, South Dakota, and Wisconsin bans both same-sex marriage and civil unions and Virginia bans granting any benefits whatsoever to same-sex couples. Colorado voters narrowly rejected an amendment to establish domestic partnerships by a margin of 53% to 47%. Legalizing cannabis, failing in both states with such referendums for use for unconditional reasons (Colorado, Nevada) as well as for medical use only (South Dakota) Restricting affirmative action, passing in Michigan Requiring parental notification before an abortion for minors, failing in both states with such referendums (California, Oregon) Banning nearly all abortions, including those for victims of rape and incest, which failed in South Dakota Instant-runoff voting, which passed in the city of Minneapolis, Minnesota A referendum to ease restrictions on wine sales in Massachusetts, which failed. Rhode Island voters approved a constitutional amendment to reextend the franchise to former criminals following their release, effectively enfranchising individuals on parole or probation. In California, voters endorsed a $37 billion package of bonds (Propositions 1A through 1E) to pay for transportation projects, housing, levee repairs and other infrastructure—said to be the largest program of its kind in U.S. history. Local elections Numerous other elections for local, city, and county public offices were held. An unusual local election occurred in South Dakota; Marie Steichen was elected to Jerauld County Commissioner, despite the fact that she died two months before the election. Her name was never replaced on the ballot, and voters who chose her were aware of her death. In Richmond, California, a city of more than 100,000 residents, the Green Party challenger, City Councilperson Gayle McLaughlin, unseated Democratic incumbent Irma Anderson and became the first Green Party Mayor of a city of that size. Two candidates in Nevada's branch of the Constitution Party, called the Independent American Party (Nevada), were also elected to office. Jackie Berg was elected Eureka County Clerk with 54.1% of the vote, easily topping Republican and Libertarian opposition. Also, Cel Ochoa will be the new Constable in Searchlight, Nevada by virtue of winning 54.93% of the vote to defeat her Republican rival. Another Nevada Independent Party member, Bill Wilkerson, was elected to the Elko, Nevada, School Board, in a non-partisan race. In Missoula County, Montana, residents passed a measure to encourage the County Sheriff's Department to make marijuana enforcement a last priority. In Dallas County, Texas, Democrats regained control in 41 out of 42 contested GOP judgeships, as well as the district attorney's office and the county judge's seat. Reasons for Democratic win Beginning just after George W. Bush's reelection, political analysts point to a number of factors and events that led to the eventual Republican defeat in 2006. It is generally agreed that the single most important issue during the 2006 election was the war in Iraq, and more specifically President Bush's handling of it and the overall public weariness over it. Public opinion polling conducted during the days just before the election and the weeks just after it showed that the war in Iraq was considered the most important election issue by the largest segment of the public. Exit polling showed that relatively large majorities of voters both fell into the category of disapproving of the war or expressing the desire to withdraw troops in some type of capacity. Both brackets broke extremely heavily for Democrats. The issue of the war seemed to play a large part in the nationalization of the election, a departure from previous midterm elections, which tended to be about local, district-centric issues. The effect of this was a general nationwide advantage for Democrats, who were not seen as being as tied to the war as Republicans, led by George Bush, were. President Bush himself, seen as the leader and face of the Republican party, was a large factor in the 2006 election. Exit polls showed that a large block of the electorate had voted for Democrats or for third parties specifically because of personal opposition to or dislike for Bush. The size of the segment that said it had voted specifically to support Bush was not as large. Opposition to Bush was based on a number of factors, these not limited to opposition to his Social Security privatization plan, the slow response of his administration to Hurricane Katrina, his perceived inaction in the face of and association with rising gas prices, and as mentioned above, his continued commitment to the war. Congressional approval, which had been slightly negative since before the 2004 election, began a steady drop beginning in March 2005. Congress's unprecedented and unpopular involvement in the Terri Schiavo controversy is often pointed to as the catalyst for this drop. Congressional scandals, such as the Jack Abramoff lobbying scandal, the sentencing of Duke Cunningham to over eight years in prison, the indictment of then House majority leader Tom DeLay, the corruption of William J. Jefferson and Bob Ney, the misconduct of Cynthia McKinney, and the Mark Foley scandal all continued to pull down congressional popularity. In the months leading up to the election, congressional approval ratings flirted with all-time historical lows. Because congress was controlled by Republicans, this high disapproval affected Republicans much more negatively than it did Democrats. Democrats were successful in portraying the congress as a lazy, greedy, egotistical and inefficient "Do-Nothing Congress.", which they contrasted with their "New Direction for America" campaign. Indeed, the congress had been in session much less than previous ones had (including those under Republican control), and numerous public opinion polls showed that large majorities believed that the congress had accomplished less than normal. This too, took a toll on Republicans (as the leaders of the government). The listed scandals were all dwarfed by the highly publicised Mark Foley scandal, which broke in late September and rapidly metastasized to include the House Republican leadership. Florida Representative Mark Foley, who ironically headed the House Caucus on Missing and Exploited Children, was found to have been making sexually lewd and highly inappropriate contacts online with male congressional pages, and it was soon found that members of the Republican leadership knew in some capacity of Foley's advances, yet took little action. The scandal allowed Democrats to adopt corruption as a campaign issue, and exit polls on election day showed that corruption remained an important issue, one that Democrats held an advantage on. In addition, many (at the time and after the fact) cited the scandal as an event that sealed the fate of the Republican congress. After the election, top Republican strategist Karl Rove specifically named the Foley scandal as the cause of the Republicans' loss of congress. The result was that on election day, many congressional seats had been touched by Republican scandals and were easier to pick up for Democrats than under normal conditions. These include but are not limited to the Montana Senate, Virginia Senate, CA-11, PA-07, PA-10, TX-22, OH-18, FL-16 and NY-20 races. Almost all of the gains made by Democrats came from large gains among independents, not Republicans. Democrats, Republicans, and independents all accounted for proportions of the electorate similar to what they did in 2004. Democrats and Republicans voted nearly as loyally for their parties in 2006 as they did in 2004, but independents exhibited a large swing towards Democrats. In 2004, independents split 49–46, slightly in favor of Democrats, but in 2006 they voted 57–39 for Democrats, a fifteen-point swing and the largest margin among independents for Democrats since the 1986 elections. Voting issues There were scattered reports of problems at polling places across the country as new electronic voting systems were introduced in many states. The problems ranged from voter and election official confusion about how to use new voting machines to apparent political dirty tricks designed to keep certain voters from casting their votes to inclement voter suppressing turnout. Some reported problems: Millions of allegedly harassing and deceptive "robo-calls" were reported or placed in at least 53 house districts. The vast majority of the calls were reported to begin with the message "Hello, I'm calling with information about (Democratic candidate)" and continue with a negative message concerning the candidate. Regulatory statements concerning the sponsor of the message (usually the NRCC) allegedly did not come until after the message, instead of before, as the FCC mandates. Citizens reported receiving calls several times an hour and as late as 2:30 AM, and many held the mistaken belief that the calls were from Democratic campaigns. Massive undervoting in several Florida counties, likely caused by bad ballot design. An analysis from the Orlando Sentinel claims the undervoting swung an election to the GOP in Florida's 13th congressional district. Democratic candidate Christine Jennings brings a lawsuit to court. In Gateway, Arkansas, an 80% turnout was recorded, including two towns where the number of votes surpassed the estimated number of voters from the previous year's census. Waldenburg, Arkansas mayoral candidate, Randy Wooten, gets no votes despite claiming he voted for himself and "at least eight or nine people who said they voted for [him]." In the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area, officials could not print reports to verify that voting machines were secure and did not already have votes in them. Voting-machine problems kept polls open until 9:00 PM, an hour later than scheduled, in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania. A man in Allentown, Pennsylvania smashed an electronic voting machine with a paperweight. The votes were recovered. In a small town in Oklahoma, a power outage in a polling station was caused by a squirrel gnawing on a power cable. Officials and experts reported electronic voting machine malfunctions in Indiana, Ohio, New Jersey, Colorado and Florida. A bomb threat at East High School caused a voting shutdown in Madison, Wisconsin. A Kentucky poll worker was charged with choking a voter. Vandals chained the main door and broke keys into the locks of New Jersey Republican candidate for Senate Tom Kean Jr.'s headquarters. Accusations have been made towards Democratic incumbent Bob Menendez, but they deny any involvement in the situation. Disabled voters were asked by election officials in Bonneville County, Idaho to use punch card ballots. Irregularities with Diebold and other voting machines have been reported in the early elections. The Chicago Board of Elections has been running a Web site that has allowed, by a simple programming hack, the exposure of personal information of a million registered voters (fixed on October 21, 2006). Reports from Virginia: FBI looking into possible Virginia voter intimidation. Calls that voting will lead to arrest. Telling voters that their polling location has changed. Fliers in Buckingham county say "Skip the election" Voting machine problems. On Election day November 7, talk show host Laura Ingraham prompted listeners to jam the Democratic Voter Protection hotline where voting problems were to be reported, reminiscent of the 2002 New Hampshire Senate election phone jamming scandal. In Maryland, some voters were given sample ballots by Republican supporters that incorrectly listed Republicans Robert Ehrlich and Michael Steele as Democrats. Electronic voting machine problems in Kane County, Illinois kept the polls open until 8:30pm CST, an hour and a half later than scheduled. In western Washington, flooding from heavy rainfall interfered with the elections. In Denver, Colorado, the computer system containing the voter registration rolls slowed down and crashed on several occasions during the day causing lines that were over two hours long at some vote centers. Some vote centers ran out of provisional ballots, and sample ballots had to be used instead. Also in Denver, 44,000 absentee ballots were misprinted with the "yes" and "no" positions on a ballot issue reversed. Also, the bar code designating the ballot style was misprinted, requiring the ballots to be hand sorted which delayed results by over a week. The problem is blamed on ballot misprints by Sequoia Voting Systems. Some ballots had to be hand-copied onto other ballots before they could be counted. A new voter ID law in Maricopa County, Arizona was subject to a lawsuit, Purcell v. Gonzalez, in which the Supreme Court established the Purcell Principle against changing rules very close to an election. Ramifications Many political analysts concluded that the results of the election were based around President George W. Bush's policies in the War in Iraq and corruption in Congress. At a press conference given to address the election results, President Bush called the cumulative results of the election a "thumpin'" by the Democrats. Democratic agenda Democrats promised an agenda that included raising the minimum wage, implementing all of the 9/11 Commission recommendations, eliminating subsidies for oil companies, restricting lobbyists, repealing tax cuts for the wealthiest Americans, lowering interest rates on college loans, expanding stem-cell research, investigating political appointees for actions taken during and leading to the war in Iraq, allowing current tax cuts to expire, and negotiating Medicare prescription drug prices. They planned to legislate these issues within their first 100 legislative hours of power in January 2007. According to Brian Wright, president of Democrasource, LLC (an Ohio-based national political consulting group), "There's no question, the administration and Iraq set the tone for this year. This new balance of power can be a true catalyst to get the country back on track." Six-point plan Prior to the election in July 2006 Democrats unveiled a six-point plan they promised to enact if elected with congressional majorities. The plan was billed the "Six for 06 agenda" and officially called "A New Direction For America" and compared to the 1994 Republican "Contract with America". The six-points of the plan include: "honest leadership and open government, real security, energy independence, economic prosperity and educational excellence, a healthcare system that works for everyone, and retirement security". Real security In regards to "real security" they propose a "phased redeployment" of U.S. forces from Iraq, doubling the size of U.S. military special forces to capture Osama bin Laden and destroy terrorist groups such as al Qaeda, and implementing the 9/11 Commission proposals to secure the national borders of the United States and screen every container arriving at U.S. ports. Economic prosperity and educational excellence Democratic plans for economic prosperity include ending the congressional pay raise until the federal minimum wage is raised and withholding tax breaks from U.S. companies that outsource jobs to foreign countries. Within education they plan to cut college loan rates, expand federal grants, and ensure that funds used for college tuition are not taxed. Energy independence The Democratic plan for achieving an end to American dependence on foreign countries for oil consists of repealing tax incentives given to oil companies, higher penalties for price gouging gasoline products, increasing tax incentives and funding for the research and development of technologies intended to improve fuel-efficiency and creating viable alternative fuel supplies such as biofuels. Domestic Donald Rumsfeld With apparent reference to the impact of the Iraq war policy, in a press conference held on November 8, Bush talked about the election and announced the resignation of Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld. Bush stated, "I know there's a lot of speculation on what the election means for the battle we're waging in Iraq. I recognize that many Americans voted last night to register their displeasure with the lack of progress being made there." Prior to the election, Bush had stated that he intended to keep Rumsfeld on as Secretary of Defense until the end of his presidency. However, Bush then went on to add Rumsfeld's resignation was not due to the Democratic victories on November 8. Rumsfeld's job reportedly had been on the line for several months prior to the election, and the decision for him to stay until after the election, if he was going to be let go at all, was also reportedly made several months earlier. All this led to his resignation. Republican leadership On the same day, then Speaker of the House, Representative Dennis Hastert of the 14th Congressional District of Illinois, said he would not seek the Minority Leader position for the 110th Congress. Voting trends In the aftermath of the election The Weekly Standard published a number of articles highly critical of how the Republican Party had managed the United States Congress. It called the electoral defeat for the G.O.P. "only a little short" of "devastating" saying the "party of reform ... didn't reform anything" and warned that the Democratic Party has expanded its "geographical sphere of Democratic power" to formerly Republican-held states such as Montana, Colorado, Arizona, Wyoming, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota, while it solidified former swing states like Illinois as Democratic strongholds. In the New England region, popular Republican Senator Lincoln Chafee of Rhode Island was defeated, despite having approval ratings near 60% and Republicans now only control a single district, the CT-04 seat held by Chris Shays, out of 22 congressional districts. The Democrats also became the clear majority in the Mid Atlantic region as well. Two Republican incumbent Congressmen were defeated in New York state and the Democrats picked up a Republican open seat, all from Republican regions upstate, and four Republican Congressmen were defeated in Pennsylvania. Democrats picked up seats in all Northeastern state legislatures holding elections, except Rhode Island, which remained unchanged (and Democrats clearly in the majority), winning a supermajority in both the Connecticut House and Senate, and winning both houses of the New Hampshire legislature for the first time since 1874. Democrats kept both vulnerable Senate seats in Maryland and New Jersey, winning them by wider margins than predicted, and they won the heavily contested Senate seats in Missouri and Virginia. The Democratic expansion into Indiana, Virginia and Ohio has "seriously diminished the chances for future Republican success" it claimed. The paper, which has been described as the "quasi-official organ of the Bush Administration" also stated that more people would have to "bendover" to get anywhere in a political office and has called on Republicans to move to the center for the sake of the party's future viability saying "conservatives won't want to hear this, but the Republican who maneuvered his way into the most impressive victory ... won ... after moving to the center" and that "the South is not enough space to build a national governing majority". International Asia The government of the People's Republic of China is said to be nervous about the effect a Democratic-led Congress might have on its exports to the United States market and the possible controversy that could result because of the country's human rights record. Nancy Pelosi, who became the Speaker of the House, is a noted critic of Chinese policy. Concerns likely to be raised include the undervalued Chinese currency, blamed by some for the recent losses in the American manufacturing industry, and issues such as internet censorship, piracy, limited market access within China itself for companies based in the U.S., and religious freedom. The Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu stated that she hoped the United States would play a "constructive role" in maintaining "sound, healthy and stable relations between China and the U.S.". Europe Belgian Minister of Defence André Flahaut expressed his approval of Rumsfeld's resignation. He said Rumsfeld was "obstinate", and he hoped that the elections would bring upon a change in the United States' foreign policy. Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen said he hoped that President Bush and the newly elected Congress could find common ground and resolve issues regarding the War in Afghanistan and the War in Iraq. Rasmussen also said Denmark would keep its troops in Iraq and neither the election nor the resignation of Donald Rumsfeld would change government foreign policies. France's Minister of Defence Michele Alliot-Marie said that her American counterpart, Donald Rumsfeld, had "taken the consequences" of an election in which voters punished the government over the war in Iraq. The former Socialist Prime Minister of France, Laurent Fabius, was quoted as saying, ""A lot of Americans have realised that Mr. Bush has lied to them." The German Foreign Office's coordinator for German-American cooperation, Karsten D. Voigt, said that he believed that the Democratic-controlled Congress will be more cooperative with the world, but he expects that Europeans will have to carry more influence on such foreign issues of importance, such as the war in Iraq and in Afghanistan, and the nuclear weapon programs of North Korea and Iran. Voigt further stated that Europe needed to develop a stronger relationship with the United States, especially with newly elected Congressional politicians. Voigt went on to say that doing so would help "better convey European positions on major international issues and make concerted efforts to find constructive political solutions for the future." Labour Party Member of Parliament John McDonnell, a critic of United Kingdom Prime Minister Tony Blair, said, "the message of the American people is clear – there needs to be a major change of direction in Iraq. Just as in Britain, people in the U.S. feel that they have been ill advised, misled and ignored." McDonnell, who became the first Labour Party MP to announce that he would stand for leadership in 2007, also said, "These election results have not only damaged Bush, they mean that Blair is now totally isolated in the international community." Prime Minister of Italy, Romano Prodi, believed that it was Bush's Iraq policy that had led to the complete turnover in the elections. He said that Bush would "have to negotiate with the opposition on all issues." The ruling Spanish Socialist Workers' Party responded to the elections stating that they hoped the elections "would help to change the course of U.S. foreign policy." Middle East Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on Friday called U.S. President George W. Bush's defeat in congressional elections a victory for Iran. "This issue (the elections) is not a purely domestic issue for America, but it is the defeat of Bush's hawkish policies in the world", Khamenei said in remarks reported by Iran's student news agency ISNA on Friday. "Since Washington's hostile and hawkish policies have always been against the Iranian nation, this defeat is actually an obvious victory for the Iranian nation." "The result of this election indicates that the majority of American people are dissatisfied and are fed up with the policies of the American administration", the IRNA state news agency quoted Ahmadinejad as saying. In a letter to the American people released on Wednesday, November 29, 2006, via Iran's Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad wrote: Notes References Further reading Jacobson, Gary C. A Divider, Not a Uniter: George W. Bush and the American People: The 2006 Election and Beyond (Longman Publishing Group, 2008) External links E-voting state by state: What you need to know, Computerworld, 1 November 2006 Election coverage on the Tavis Smiley show U.S. Midterm Election News Coverage – Comprehensive news coverage of all election campaigns and candidates BSRS Newsservice Coverage of US Midterm Elections – Humorous coverage of the all national and statewide races in the 2006 midterm elections United States Election 2006 Web Archive from the U.S. Library of Congress 2006 2006 November 2006 events in the United States	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "2006 United States elections", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The 2006 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 7, 2006, in the middle of Republican President George W. Bush's second term. In a political revolution that broke twelve years of Republican rule, the Democratic Party was swept into majorities in Congress, the governorships, and state legislatures across the country. This marked the first and only time either party achieved such a feat since the 1994 elections. These elections were widely categorized as a Democratic wave.\n\nIn the Senate, Democrats won a net gain of six seats to secure a narrow majority in that chamber. Democrats also gained 31 seats in the House of Representatives, and following the election, Nancy Pelosi became the first female Speaker of the House. In the gubernatorial elections, Democrats achieved a net gain of six seats. Nationwide, Republicans failed to win any congressional or gubernatorial seat that was held by a Democrat before the election. This was also the first time since 1994 where a party did not lose a single incumbent in a gubernatorial or congressional election.\n\nReasons for the Democratic Party's victory included the decline of the public image of George W. Bush, dissatisfaction of his administration's handling of both Hurricane Katrina and the War in Iraq, the beginning of the collapse of the United States housing bubble, Bush's legislative defeat regarding Social Security Privatization and immigration reform, the Republican-controlled Congress's unprecedented and unpopular involvement in the Terri Schiavo case, and a series of scandals in 2006 involving Republican politicians.\n\nBackground\nIn March 2003, President George W. Bush ordered an invasion of Iraq, a state which the Bush administration claimed was linked to the September 11 attacks in 2001, and claimed was producing weapons of mass destruction. In May, just two months after the initial invasion, Bush announced the end of major combat operations in Iraq. In the following months, insurgents began resisting the American occupation. Additionally, religious tensions between majority Shiite and minority Sunni Muslims, tensions which had been suppressed under the grip of Saddam's regime, resulted in violence. \n\nBy the end of 2003, despite the war's initial popularity, the post-war occupation was losing support from the American public. A November 2003 Gallup poll showed that Bush's job approval rating had fallen to 50% from a high of 71% at the outset of the war.\n\nThe next year, Bush won reelection over Democratic nominee Senator John Kerry with less than 51% of the popular vote and 286 electoral votes (only 16 votes ahead of the 270 votes needed), marking the smallest winning margin for an incumbent president since Woodrow Wilson in the 1916 election. However, it was the first time since 1988 that a winner garnered a popular majority. \n\nTerrorism and the war in Iraq dominated the election, with domestic issues taking a secondary role. Bush began his second term with a continuation of the occupation and a push to overhaul Social Security with his privatization plan. Both policies proved unpopular, and violence in Iraq continued to increase. Compounding the unpopularity of the war was the fact that no weapons of mass destruction were found. August 2005 was the last time any major public opinion poll recorded majority approval of Bush's job. Negative perceptions of Bush, following the slow governmental response to Hurricane Katrina, further weighed on his popularity.\n\nSimultaneously, the popularity of the Republican-controlled 109th Congress was also on the decline. A series of notable congressional scandals also took place in Washington, D.C., including the ongoing Jack Abramoff lobbying scandal, as well as the Mark Foley scandal and the Cunningham scandal, both in October 2006. Throughout 2006, sectarian violence persisted in Baghdad and other areas of Iraq; many claimed that the conflict was evolving into a civil war. \n\nPresident Bush's job approval rarely rose above 40%. Perceptions of Congress and Republicans in general, remained highly negative. Additionally, the Congress had a smaller than average list of major accomplishments (considering that the Party in charge of both the House and Senate also had control of the White House) and was not in session for a larger than average number of days. This allowed Democrats and others to characterize it as a \"Do-Nothing\" Congress and blame the Republican leadership for the lack of progress.\n\nSummary of results\nThe Democratic Party won a majority of the state governorships and the U.S. House and Senate seats, each for the first time since 1994, an election-year commonly known as the \"Republican Revolution.\" For the first time since the creation of the Republican Party in 1854, no Republican captured any House, Senate, or gubernatorial seat previously held by a Democrat.\n\nDemocrats took a 233–202 advantage in the House of Representatives, and achieved a 49–49 tie in the United States Senate. The Senate figure is sometimes quoted in the media as 51–49, which includes two members who ran as independent candidates: Bernie Sanders and Joe Lieberman, who promised to caucus with the Democrats. The final Senate result was decided when Democrat Jim Webb was declared the winner in Virginia against incumbent George Allen, as reported by the Associated Press. On November 9, 2006, Allen and fellow Republican incumbent Sen. Conrad Burns of Montana both conceded defeat, ceding effective control of the Senate to the Democrats.\n\nThe election made Nancy Pelosi (D-California) the first-ever female, first-ever Italian-American, and first-ever Californian Speaker of the House and Harry Reid (D-Nevada) the first Mormon Senate Majority Leader. Keith Ellison (D-Minnesota) became the first Muslim ever elected to the U.S. Congress and Mazie Hirono (D-Hawaii) and Hank Johnson (D-Georgia) became the first Buddhists in a United States governing body. Although seven states banned recognition of same-sex marriage, Arizona became the first state to reject such a ballot initiative. South Dakota rejected a ban on abortion under almost any circumstances, intended to overturn federal constitutional abortion-rights nationwide by setting up a strong test case that proponents hoped would lead to the overruling of Roe v. Wade. This result would eventually happen in 2022, with a Mississippi state law that imposed a 15 week ban on abortion leading to the case Dobbs v. Jackson, which then led to Roe’s overturning.\n\nSome of the Republican House and Senate seats lost by the Republicans belonged to members of the Republican Revolution of 1994. Senators Rick Santorum of Pennsylvania and Mike DeWine of Ohio, and Representatives Charlie Bass of New Hampshire, John Hostettler of Indiana, Gil Gutknecht of Minnesota, and J. D. Hayworth of Arizona all won previously Democratic seats in 1994 elections and were defeated in 2006. Representative Sue Kelly of New York, also first elected in 1994, was defeated as well. The Democrats also won back the Kansas 2nd and Ohio 18th, both of which they had lost in 1994.\n\nIn the 2006 elections, the Democratic Party also claimed a majority of state governorships, gaining control of Republican-held governorships in New York, Massachusetts, Colorado, Arkansas, Maryland, and Ohio, giving the party a 28–22 advantage in governorships.\n\nVarious scandals, including the Mark Foley congressional page scandal, the Jack Abramoff scandal, and various allegations of marital infidelity and abuse, doomed certain candidates, especially incumbents in PA-10 and NY-20, which hosted one of the most negative campaigns in the country. Virginia Senator George Allen, a potential Republican 2008 Presidential candidate, saw his chances for reelection disappear when he was caught on video using a racial slur to describe a young Indian-American who worked for his opponent's campaign.\n\nFederal elections\nDemocrats won control of Congress for the first time since the 1994 election, which is commonly known as the \"Republican Revolution.\" For the first time since the creation of the Republican party in 1854, no Republican captured any House, Senate, or Gubernatorial seat previously held by a Democrat.\n\nUnited States Senate\n\nThe 33 seats in the United States Senate Class 1 were up for election. The Democrats gained six Senate seats by defeating Republican Senators in the states of Missouri, Montana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Virginia. Including Bernie Sanders and Joe Lieberman, two independents who caucused with the Democrats, Democrats won a 51-to-49 majority in the Senate.\n\nUnited States House of Representatives\n\nAll 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election. The Democrats won the national popular vote by a margin of eight percentage points and gained thirty-one seats from the Republicans.\n\nThe election made Nancy Pelosi (D-California) the first-ever female, first-ever Italian-American, and first-ever Californian Speaker of the House Keith Ellison (D-Minnesota) became the first Muslim ever elected to the U.S. Congress and Mazie Hirono (D-Hawaii) and Hank Johnson (D-Georgia) became the first Buddhists in a United States governing body.\n\nState elections\n\nGovernors\n\nOf the 50 United States governors, 36 were up for election. Twenty two of those contested seats were held by Republicans, and the remaining 14 were held by Democrats. Of the 36 state governorships up for election, ten were open due to retirement, term limits, or primary loss. Democrats won open Republican-held seats in New York, Massachusetts, Ohio, Arkansas and Colorado, in addition to defeating incumbent Bob Ehrlich in Maryland and holding their sole open seat in Iowa. As a result of the 2006 gubernatorial elections, there were 28 Democratic governors and 22 Republican governors, a reversal of the numbers held by the respective parties prior to the elections.\n\nAdditionally, governorships were up for election in the U.S. territories of Guam, held by a Republican, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, where the Democratic governor was retiring. In each location, the incumbent party maintained control of the governorship.\n\nState legislatures\n\nNearly all state legislatures were up for election. Prior to the general elections, with the exception of the nonpartisan Nebraska Legislature, 21 legislatures were controlled by Republicans, 19 by Democrats, and 9 were split legislatures (where each house is controlled by a different party). As a result of the 2006 elections, 23 legislatures were carried by Democrats, 16 by Republicans, and 10 legislatures were split. In all, Republicans lost, and Democrats gained more than 300 state legislative seats. \n\nDemocrats flipped ten legislative chambers, while Republicans gained control of one. In total, Democrats gained or retained control of the state legislatures and governorships of 15 states, thus creating a unified government in Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, Washington and West Virginia, although the governorship of Louisiana reverted to the Republicans with the October 2007 election of Bobby Jindal. Republicans now control ten state governments, these being, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Missouri, North Dakota, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas and Utah.\n\nDemocrats flipped ten legislative chambers. Democrats gained control of the Oregon House of Representatives, the Minnesota House of Representatives, both houses of the Iowa General Assembly, and both houses of the New Hampshire General Court- for the first time since 1875, giving them complete legislative control over those states. The Iowa Senate was previously tied. Democrats also won majorities in the Wisconsin Senate, the Michigan House of Representatives, the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, and the Indiana House of Representatives, turning those legislatures into split bodies. Additionally, a Democratic-led coalition was created in the Alaska Senate, which was previously a Republican majority. Democrats won a majority of state legislative chambers for the first time since 1995. \n\nConversely, Republicans gained control of the Montana House of Representatives with the lone Constitution Party representative voting for Republican control of that body.\n\nDemocrats won a veto-proof supermajority in both houses of the Connecticut General Assembly, with Democrats holding a commanding 131–56 majority. The most dramatic change in party control occurred with the New Hampshire General Court, where Republicans held a 92-seat majority in the House and an eight-seat majority in the Senate prior to the election. Ultimately, Republicans were down 81 seats in the House and five in the Senate, giving control of the General Court to the Democrats. This coincided with the landslide reelection of Democratic Governor John Lynch, the takeover of both of New Hampshire's U.S. House seats by Democrats, and New Hampshire's unique Executive Council gaining a Democratic majority.\n\nThird parties\nThird parties received largely mixed results in the 2006 elections. In the Maine House of Representatives, Green State Representative John Eder was narrowly defeated by Democratic rival Jon Hinck in a bitterly contested campaign over Portland's 118th District. Eder's loss deprived the U.S. Green movement's highest elected position in any state office.\n\nIn the Vermont House of Representatives, the Vermont Progressive Party successfully maintained its six seats within the chamber. The Vermont Progressive Party has in recent years become one of the most consistently successful third parties in the U.S. to be elected to higher office.\n\nIn Illinois, seemingly out of dissatisfaction with both the candidacies of Democratic Governor Rod Blagojevich and Republican candidate Judy Baar Topinka resulted in 10% of the electorate voting for the Green Party candidate Rich Whitney, an accomplishment, by all means, considering Whitney did not campaign on television or radio.\n\nIn Montana, Rick Jore made history by becoming the first candidate of the right-wing Constitution Party to be elected to a state legislature, elected to the 12th District in the Montana House of Representatives. Jore initially won in 2004 by three votes, only to see the courts throw out enough ballots to give the Democrats the victory. In the 2006 elections, Jore won convincingly, garnering 56.2% of the vote. However, the Montana Constitution Party is no longer chartered under the national party, denying the United States Constitution Party the claim of holding a higher office.\n\nNeither the Libertarian nor the Reform Parties gained any state legislative seats.\n\nBallot initiatives\nVoters weighed in on various ballot initiatives. These included:\n In a hotly contested referendum that inspired a widely publicized feud between conservative radio talk show host Rush Limbaugh and actor Michael J. Fox, Missouri voters narrowly passed an initiative to allow funding for embryonic stem cell research. The presence of the referendum on the ballot may also have aided Democrat Claire McCaskill in her victory over incumbent senator Jim Talent, who had opposed the measure.\n An amendment to the Missouri Constitution that would have levied a Tobacco Tax was defeated 51 to 48.\n Raising the minimum wage, which passed in all six states with such referendums (AZ, CO, MO, MT, NV, OH)\n In Washington an initiative to repeal the estate tax failed.\n\n State constitutional amendments prohibiting same-sex marriage are passed in seven out of eight states: Colorado, Idaho, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia, Wisconsin, with Arizona voting against the proposition that would ban same-sex marriage and civil unions, the first state in the nation to do so. The measures in Colorado and Tennessee bans same-sex marriage only, while Idaho, South Carolina, South Dakota, and Wisconsin bans both same-sex marriage and civil unions and Virginia bans granting any benefits whatsoever to same-sex couples.\n Colorado voters narrowly rejected an amendment to establish domestic partnerships by a margin of 53% to 47%.\n Legalizing cannabis, failing in both states with such referendums for use for unconditional reasons (Colorado, Nevada) as well as for medical use only (South Dakota)\n Restricting affirmative action, passing in Michigan\n Requiring parental notification before an abortion for minors, failing in both states with such referendums (California, Oregon)\n Banning nearly all abortions, including those for victims of rape and incest, which failed in South Dakota\n Instant-runoff voting, which passed in the city of Minneapolis, Minnesota\n A referendum to ease restrictions on wine sales in Massachusetts, which failed.\n Rhode Island voters approved a constitutional amendment to reextend the franchise to former criminals following their release, effectively enfranchising individuals on parole or probation.\n In California, voters endorsed a $37 billion package of bonds (Propositions 1A through 1E) to pay for transportation projects, housing, levee repairs and other infrastructure—said to be the largest program of its kind in U.S. history.\n\nLocal elections\nNumerous other elections for local, city, and county public offices were held.\n\nAn unusual local election occurred in South Dakota; Marie Steichen was elected to Jerauld County Commissioner, despite the fact that she died two months before the election. Her name was never replaced on the ballot, and voters who chose her were aware of her death.\n\nIn Richmond, California, a city of more than 100,000 residents, the Green Party challenger, City Councilperson Gayle McLaughlin, unseated Democratic incumbent Irma Anderson and became the first Green Party Mayor of a city of that size.\n\nTwo candidates in Nevada's branch of the Constitution Party, called the Independent American Party (Nevada), were also elected to office. Jackie Berg was elected Eureka County Clerk with 54.1% of the vote, easily topping Republican and Libertarian opposition. Also, Cel Ochoa will be the new Constable in Searchlight, Nevada by virtue of winning 54.93% of the vote to defeat her Republican rival. Another Nevada Independent Party member, Bill Wilkerson, was elected to the Elko, Nevada, School Board, in a non-partisan race.\n\nIn Missoula County, Montana, residents passed a measure to encourage the County Sheriff's Department to make marijuana enforcement a last priority.\n\nIn Dallas County, Texas, Democrats regained control in 41 out of 42 contested GOP judgeships, as well as the district attorney's office and the county judge's seat.\n\nReasons for Democratic win\nBeginning just after George W. Bush's reelection, political analysts point to a number of factors and events that led to the eventual Republican defeat in 2006. It is generally agreed that the single most important issue during the 2006 election was the war in Iraq, and more specifically President Bush's handling of it and the overall public weariness over it.\n\nPublic opinion polling conducted during the days just before the election and the weeks just after it showed that the war in Iraq was considered the most important election issue by the largest segment of the public. Exit polling showed that relatively large majorities of voters both fell into the category of disapproving of the war or expressing the desire to withdraw troops in some type of capacity. Both brackets broke extremely heavily for Democrats. The issue of the war seemed to play a large part in the nationalization of the election, a departure from previous midterm elections, which tended to be about local, district-centric issues. The effect of this was a general nationwide advantage for Democrats, who were not seen as being as tied to the war as Republicans, led by George Bush, were.\n\nPresident Bush himself, seen as the leader and face of the Republican party, was a large factor in the 2006 election. Exit polls showed that a large block of the electorate had voted for Democrats or for third parties specifically because of personal opposition to or dislike for Bush. The size of the segment that said it had voted specifically to support Bush was not as large. Opposition to Bush was based on a number of factors, these not limited to opposition to his Social Security privatization plan, the slow response of his administration to Hurricane Katrina, his perceived inaction in the face of and association with rising gas prices, and as mentioned above, his continued commitment to the war.\n\nCongressional approval, which had been slightly negative since before the 2004 election, began a steady drop beginning in March 2005. Congress's unprecedented and unpopular involvement in the Terri Schiavo controversy is often pointed to as the catalyst for this drop. Congressional scandals, such as the Jack Abramoff lobbying scandal, the sentencing of Duke Cunningham to over eight years in prison, the indictment of then House majority leader Tom DeLay, the corruption of William J. Jefferson and Bob Ney, the misconduct of Cynthia McKinney, and the Mark Foley scandal all continued to pull down congressional popularity. In the months leading up to the election, congressional approval ratings flirted with all-time historical lows. Because congress was controlled by Republicans, this high disapproval affected Republicans much more negatively than it did Democrats.\n\nDemocrats were successful in portraying the congress as a lazy, greedy, egotistical and inefficient \"Do-Nothing Congress.\", which they contrasted with their \"New Direction for America\" campaign. Indeed, the congress had been in session much less than previous ones had (including those under Republican control), and numerous public opinion polls showed that large majorities believed that the congress had accomplished less than normal. This too, took a toll on Republicans (as the leaders of the government).\n\nThe listed scandals were all dwarfed by the highly publicised Mark Foley scandal, which broke in late September and rapidly metastasized to include the House Republican leadership. Florida Representative Mark Foley, who ironically headed the House Caucus on Missing and Exploited Children, was found to have been making sexually lewd and highly inappropriate contacts online with male congressional pages, and it was soon found that members of the Republican leadership knew in some capacity of Foley's advances, yet took little action. The scandal allowed Democrats to adopt corruption as a campaign issue, and exit polls on election day showed that corruption remained an important issue, one that Democrats held an advantage on. In addition, many (at the time and after the fact) cited the scandal as an event that sealed the fate of the Republican congress. After the election, top Republican strategist Karl Rove specifically named the Foley scandal as the cause of the Republicans' loss of congress.\n\nThe result was that on election day, many congressional seats had been touched by Republican scandals and were easier to pick up for Democrats than under normal conditions. These include but are not limited to the Montana Senate, Virginia Senate, CA-11, PA-07, PA-10, TX-22, OH-18, FL-16 and NY-20 races.\n\nAlmost all of the gains made by Democrats came from large gains among independents, not Republicans. Democrats, Republicans, and independents all accounted for proportions of the electorate similar to what they did in 2004. Democrats and Republicans voted nearly as loyally for their parties in 2006 as they did in 2004, but independents exhibited a large swing towards Democrats. In 2004, independents split 49–46, slightly in favor of Democrats, but in 2006 they voted 57–39 for Democrats, a fifteen-point swing and the largest margin among independents for Democrats since the 1986 elections.\n\nVoting issues\nThere were scattered reports of problems at polling places across the country as new electronic voting systems were introduced in many states. The problems ranged from voter and election official confusion about how to use new voting machines to apparent political dirty tricks designed to keep certain voters from casting their votes to inclement voter suppressing turnout.\n\nSome reported problems:\n Millions of allegedly harassing and deceptive \"robo-calls\" were reported or placed in at least 53 house districts. The vast majority of the calls were reported to begin with the message \"Hello, I'm calling with information about (Democratic candidate)\" and continue with a negative message concerning the candidate. Regulatory statements concerning the sponsor of the message (usually the NRCC) allegedly did not come until after the message, instead of before, as the FCC mandates. Citizens reported receiving calls several times an hour and as late as 2:30 AM, and many held the mistaken belief that the calls were from Democratic campaigns.\n Massive undervoting in several Florida counties, likely caused by bad ballot design. An analysis from the Orlando Sentinel claims the undervoting swung an election to the GOP in Florida's 13th congressional district. Democratic candidate Christine Jennings brings a lawsuit to court.\n In Gateway, Arkansas, an 80% turnout was recorded, including two towns where the number of votes surpassed the estimated number of voters from the previous year's census.\n Waldenburg, Arkansas mayoral candidate, Randy Wooten, gets no votes despite claiming he voted for himself and \"at least eight or nine people who said they voted for [him].\"\n In the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area, officials could not print reports to verify that voting machines were secure and did not already have votes in them.\n Voting-machine problems kept polls open until 9:00 PM, an hour later than scheduled, in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania.\n A man in Allentown, Pennsylvania smashed an electronic voting machine with a paperweight. The votes were recovered.\n In a small town in Oklahoma, a power outage in a polling station was caused by a squirrel gnawing on a power cable.\n Officials and experts reported electronic voting machine malfunctions in Indiana, Ohio, New Jersey, Colorado and Florida.\n A bomb threat at East High School caused a voting shutdown in Madison, Wisconsin.\n A Kentucky poll worker was charged with choking a voter.\n Vandals chained the main door and broke keys into the locks of New Jersey Republican candidate for Senate Tom Kean Jr.'s headquarters. Accusations have been made towards Democratic incumbent Bob Menendez, but they deny any involvement in the situation.\n Disabled voters were asked by election officials in Bonneville County, Idaho to use punch card ballots.\n Irregularities with Diebold and other voting machines have been reported in the early elections.\n The Chicago Board of Elections has been running a Web site that has allowed, by a simple programming hack, the exposure of personal information of a million registered voters (fixed on October 21, 2006).\n Reports from Virginia:\n FBI looking into possible Virginia voter intimidation.\n Calls that voting will lead to arrest.\n Telling voters that their polling location has changed.\n Fliers in Buckingham county say \"Skip the election\"\n Voting machine problems.\n On Election day November 7, talk show host Laura Ingraham prompted listeners to jam the Democratic Voter Protection hotline where voting problems were to be reported, reminiscent of the 2002 New Hampshire Senate election phone jamming scandal.\n In Maryland, some voters were given sample ballots by Republican supporters that incorrectly listed Republicans Robert Ehrlich and Michael Steele as Democrats.\n Electronic voting machine problems in Kane County, Illinois kept the polls open until 8:30pm CST, an hour and a half later than scheduled.\n In western Washington, flooding from heavy rainfall interfered with the elections.\n In Denver, Colorado, the computer system containing the voter registration rolls slowed down and crashed on several occasions during the day causing lines that were over two hours long at some vote centers. Some vote centers ran out of provisional ballots, and sample ballots had to be used instead.\n Also in Denver, 44,000 absentee ballots were misprinted with the \"yes\" and \"no\" positions on a ballot issue reversed. Also, the bar code designating the ballot style was misprinted, requiring the ballots to be hand sorted which delayed results by over a week. The problem is blamed on ballot misprints by Sequoia Voting Systems. Some ballots had to be hand-copied onto other ballots before they could be counted.\n A new voter ID law in Maricopa County, Arizona was subject to a lawsuit, Purcell v. Gonzalez, in which the Supreme Court established the Purcell Principle against changing rules very close to an election.\n\nRamifications\nMany political analysts concluded that the results of the election were based around President George W. Bush's policies in the War in Iraq and corruption in Congress. At a press conference given to address the election results, President Bush called the cumulative results of the election a \"thumpin'\" by the Democrats.\n\nDemocratic agenda\nDemocrats promised an agenda that included raising the minimum wage, implementing all of the 9/11 Commission recommendations, eliminating subsidies for oil companies, restricting lobbyists, repealing tax cuts for the wealthiest Americans, lowering interest rates on college loans, expanding stem-cell research, investigating political appointees for actions taken during and leading to the war in Iraq, allowing current tax cuts to expire, and negotiating Medicare prescription drug prices. They planned to legislate these issues within their first 100 legislative hours of power in January 2007. According to Brian Wright, president of Democrasource, LLC (an Ohio-based national political consulting group), \"There's no question, the administration and Iraq set the tone for this year. This new balance of power can be a true catalyst to get the country back on track.\"\n\nSix-point plan\nPrior to the election in July 2006 Democrats unveiled a six-point plan they promised to enact if elected with congressional majorities. The plan was billed the \"Six for 06 agenda\" and officially called \"A New Direction For America\" and compared to the 1994 Republican \"Contract with America\". The six-points of the plan include: \"honest leadership and open government, real security, energy independence, economic prosperity and educational excellence, a healthcare system that works for everyone, and retirement security\".\n Real security\n In regards to \"real security\" they propose a \"phased redeployment\" of U.S. forces from Iraq, doubling the size of U.S. military special forces to capture Osama bin Laden and destroy terrorist groups such as al Qaeda, and implementing the 9/11 Commission proposals to secure the national borders of the United States and screen every container arriving at U.S. ports.\n Economic prosperity and educational excellence\n Democratic plans for economic prosperity include ending the congressional pay raise until the federal minimum wage is raised and withholding tax breaks from U.S. companies that outsource jobs to foreign countries. Within education they plan to cut college loan rates, expand federal grants, and ensure that funds used for college tuition are not taxed.\n Energy independence\n The Democratic plan for achieving an end to American dependence on foreign countries for oil consists of repealing tax incentives given to oil companies, higher penalties for price gouging gasoline products, increasing tax incentives and funding for the research and development of technologies intended to improve fuel-efficiency and creating viable alternative fuel supplies such as biofuels.\n\nDomestic\n\nDonald Rumsfeld\nWith apparent reference to the impact of the Iraq war policy, in a press conference held on November 8, Bush talked about the election and announced the resignation of Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld. Bush stated, \"I know there's a lot of speculation on what the election means for the battle we're waging in Iraq. I recognize that many Americans voted last night to register their displeasure with the lack of progress being made there.\" Prior to the election, Bush had stated that he intended to keep Rumsfeld on as Secretary of Defense until the end of his presidency. However, Bush then went on to add Rumsfeld's resignation was not due to the Democratic victories on November 8. Rumsfeld's job reportedly had been on the line for several months prior to the election, and the decision for him to stay until after the election, if he was going to be let go at all, was also reportedly made several months earlier. All this led to his resignation.\n\nRepublican leadership\nOn the same day, then Speaker of the House, Representative Dennis Hastert of the 14th Congressional District of Illinois, said he would not seek the Minority Leader position for the 110th Congress.\n\nVoting trends\nIn the aftermath of the election The Weekly Standard published a number of articles highly critical of how the Republican Party had managed the United States Congress. It called the electoral defeat for the G.O.P. \"only a little short\" of \"devastating\" saying the \"party of reform ... didn't reform anything\" and warned that the Democratic Party has expanded its \"geographical sphere of Democratic power\" to formerly Republican-held states such as Montana, Colorado, Arizona, Wyoming, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota, while it solidified former swing states like Illinois as Democratic strongholds. In the New England region, popular Republican Senator Lincoln Chafee of Rhode Island was defeated, despite having approval ratings near 60% and Republicans now only control a single district, the CT-04 seat held by Chris Shays, out of 22 congressional districts. The Democrats also became the clear majority in the Mid Atlantic region as well. Two Republican incumbent Congressmen were defeated in New York state and the Democrats picked up a Republican open seat, all from Republican regions upstate, and four Republican Congressmen were defeated in Pennsylvania. Democrats picked up seats in all Northeastern state legislatures holding elections, except Rhode Island, which remained unchanged (and Democrats clearly in the majority), winning a supermajority in both the Connecticut House and Senate, and winning both houses of the New Hampshire legislature for the first time since 1874. Democrats kept both vulnerable Senate seats in Maryland and New Jersey, winning them by wider margins than predicted, and they won the heavily contested Senate seats in Missouri and Virginia.\n\nThe Democratic expansion into Indiana, Virginia and Ohio has \"seriously diminished the chances for future Republican success\" it claimed. The paper, which has been described as the \"quasi-official organ of the Bush Administration\" also stated that more people would have to \"bendover\" to get anywhere in a political office and has called on Republicans to move to the center for the sake of the party's future viability saying \"conservatives won't want to hear this, but the Republican who maneuvered his way into the most impressive victory ... won ... after moving to the center\" and that \"the South is not enough space to build a national governing majority\".\n\nInternational\n\nAsia\n The government of the People's Republic of China is said to be nervous about the effect a Democratic-led Congress might have on its exports to the United States market and the possible controversy that could result because of the country's human rights record. Nancy Pelosi, who became the Speaker of the House, is a noted critic of Chinese policy. Concerns likely to be raised include the undervalued Chinese currency, blamed by some for the recent losses in the American manufacturing industry, and issues such as internet censorship, piracy, limited market access within China itself for companies based in the U.S., and religious freedom. The Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu stated that she hoped the United States would play a \"constructive role\" in maintaining \"sound, healthy and stable relations between China and the U.S.\".\n\nEurope\n Belgian Minister of Defence André Flahaut expressed his approval of Rumsfeld's resignation. He said Rumsfeld was \"obstinate\", and he hoped that the elections would bring upon a change in the United States' foreign policy.\n Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen said he hoped that President Bush and the newly elected Congress could find common ground and resolve issues regarding the War in Afghanistan and the War in Iraq. Rasmussen also said Denmark would keep its troops in Iraq and neither the election nor the resignation of Donald Rumsfeld would change government foreign policies.\n France's Minister of Defence Michele Alliot-Marie said that her American counterpart, Donald Rumsfeld, had \"taken the consequences\" of an election in which voters punished the government over the war in Iraq. The former Socialist Prime Minister of France, Laurent Fabius, was quoted as saying, \"\"A lot of Americans have realised that Mr. Bush has lied to them.\"\n The German Foreign Office's coordinator for German-American cooperation, Karsten D. Voigt, said that he believed that the Democratic-controlled Congress will be more cooperative with the world, but he expects that Europeans will have to carry more influence on such foreign issues of importance, such as the war in Iraq and in Afghanistan, and the nuclear weapon programs of North Korea and Iran. Voigt further stated that Europe needed to develop a stronger relationship with the United States, especially with newly elected Congressional politicians. Voigt went on to say that doing so would help \"better convey European positions on major international issues and make concerted efforts to find constructive political solutions for the future.\"\n Labour Party Member of Parliament John McDonnell, a critic of United Kingdom Prime Minister Tony Blair, said, \"the message of the American people is clear – there needs to be a major change of direction in Iraq. Just as in Britain, people in the U.S. feel that they have been ill advised, misled and ignored.\" McDonnell, who became the first Labour Party MP to announce that he would stand for leadership in 2007, also said, \"These election results have not only damaged Bush, they mean that Blair is now totally isolated in the international community.\"\n Prime Minister of Italy, Romano Prodi, believed that it was Bush's Iraq policy that had led to the complete turnover in the elections. He said that Bush would \"have to negotiate with the opposition on all issues.\"\n The ruling Spanish Socialist Workers' Party responded to the elections stating that they hoped the elections \"would help to change the course of U.S. foreign policy.\"\n\nMiddle East\n Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on Friday called U.S. President George W. Bush's defeat in congressional elections a victory for Iran. \"This issue (the elections) is not a purely domestic issue for America, but it is the defeat of Bush's hawkish policies in the world\", Khamenei said in remarks reported by Iran's student news agency ISNA on Friday. \"Since Washington's hostile and hawkish policies have always been against the Iranian nation, this defeat is actually an obvious victory for the Iranian nation.\" \"The result of this election indicates that the majority of American people are dissatisfied and are fed up with the policies of the American administration\", the IRNA state news agency quoted Ahmadinejad as saying.\n In a letter to the American people released on Wednesday, November 29, 2006, via Iran's Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad wrote:\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n Jacobson, Gary C. A Divider, Not a Uniter: George W. Bush and the American People: The 2006 Election and Beyond (Longman Publishing Group, 2008)\n\nExternal links\n\n E-voting state by state: What you need to know, Computerworld, 1 November 2006\n Election coverage on the Tavis Smiley show\n U.S. Midterm Election News Coverage – Comprehensive news coverage of all election campaigns and candidates\n BSRS Newsservice Coverage of US Midterm Elections – Humorous coverage of the all national and statewide races in the 2006 midterm elections\n United States Election 2006 Web Archive from the U.S. Library of Congress\n\n \n2006\n2006\nNovember 2006 events in the United States", "role": "assistant" } ]
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mia%20moja%20na%20sabini	Mia moja na sabini (au: Mia na sabini) ni namba inayoandikwa 170 kwa tarakimu za kawaida na CLXX kwa zile za Kirumi. Ni namba asilia inayofuata 169 na kutangulia 171. Vigawo vyake vya namba tasa ni: 2 x 5 x 17. Matumizi Namba hurejea miaka 170 KK na 170 BK. Tanbihi Namba asilia	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mia%20moja%20na%20sabini", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Mia moja na sabini (au: Mia na sabini) ni namba inayoandikwa 170 kwa tarakimu za kawaida na CLXX kwa zile za Kirumi. \n\nNi namba asilia inayofuata 169 na kutangulia 171. \n\nVigawo vyake vya namba tasa ni: 2 x 5 x 17.\n\nMatumizi\n Namba hurejea miaka 170 KK na 170 BK.\n\nTanbihi\n\nNamba asilia", "role": "assistant" } ]
Joseph Akpala	Joseph Eneojo Akpala (alizaliwa 24 Agosti 1986) ni mchezaji wa soka wa Nigeria anayecheza kama mshambuliaji. Mafanikio KV Oostende Kombe la Ubelgiji: Mshindi wa pili 2016–17 Binafsi Mfungaji Bora wa Ligi Kuu ya Ubelgiji: 2007–08 (mabao 16) Marejeo Wachezaji mpira wa Nigeria Waliozaliwa 1986 Watu walio hai	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Joseph Akpala", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Joseph Eneojo Akpala (alizaliwa 24 Agosti 1986) ni mchezaji wa soka wa Nigeria anayecheza kama mshambuliaji.\n\nMafanikio\nKV Oostende\n Kombe la Ubelgiji: Mshindi wa pili 2016–17\n\nBinafsi\n Mfungaji Bora wa Ligi Kuu ya Ubelgiji: 2007–08 (mabao 16)\n\nMarejeo\n\nWachezaji mpira wa Nigeria\nWaliozaliwa 1986\nWatu walio hai", "role": "assistant" } ]
Papa Pius IV	Papa Pius IV (31 Machi 1499 – 9 Desemba 1565) alikuwa Papa kuanzia tarehe 26 Desemba 1559/6 Januari 1560 hadi kifo chake. Alitokea Milano, Italia. Jina lake la kuzaliwa lilikuwa Giovan Angelo Medici. Alimfuata Papa Paulo IV akafuatwa na Papa Pius V. Tazama pia Orodha ya Mapapa Tanbihi Marejeo Viungo vya nje Papa Pius IV katika Kamusi Elezo ya Kikatoliki Waliozaliwa 1499 Waliofariki 1565 Papa Watu wa Italia	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Papa Pius IV", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Papa Pius IV (31 Machi 1499 – 9 Desemba 1565) alikuwa Papa kuanzia tarehe 26 Desemba 1559/6 Januari 1560 hadi kifo chake. Alitokea Milano, Italia. \n\nJina lake la kuzaliwa lilikuwa Giovan Angelo Medici. \n\nAlimfuata Papa Paulo IV akafuatwa na Papa Pius V.\n\nTazama pia\nOrodha ya Mapapa\n\nTanbihi\n\nMarejeo\n\nViungo vya nje \nPapa Pius IV katika Kamusi Elezo ya Kikatoliki\n\nWaliozaliwa 1499\nWaliofariki 1565\nPapa\nWatu wa Italia", "role": "assistant" } ]
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mto%20Ketam%20%28Nandi%29	unapatikana katika kaunti ya Nandi, magharibi mwa Kenya (eneo la Bonde la Ufa la Afrika Mashariki). Maji yake yanaishia katika mto Naili na hatimaye katika Bahari ya Kati. Tazama pia Mito ya Kenya Orodha ya mito ya kaunti ya Nandi Tanbihi Viungo vya nje Geonames.org Mito ya Kenya Kaunti ya Nandi Nile Mediteranea	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mto%20Ketam%20%28Nandi%29", "role": "user" }, { "content": "unapatikana katika kaunti ya Nandi, magharibi mwa Kenya (eneo la Bonde la Ufa la Afrika Mashariki).\n\nMaji yake yanaishia katika mto Naili na hatimaye katika Bahari ya Kati.\n\nTazama pia\n Mito ya Kenya\n Orodha ya mito ya kaunti ya Nandi\n\nTanbihi\n\nViungo vya nje\n Geonames.org\n\nMito ya Kenya\nKaunti ya Nandi\nNile\nMediteranea", "role": "assistant" } ]
Hassan Achour	Hassan Louahid aliyepewa jina la utani Achour (14 Machi 1938 - 17 Septemba 2020) alikuwa mwanasoka na meneja wa kimataifa wa Algeria. Alizaliwa huko Sétif. Alishinda mechi 16 katika timu ya taifa ya Algeria na alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Algeria katika Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika la 1968 nchini Ethiopia. Alikufa huko Algiers, mwenye umri wa miaka 82. Marejeo Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria Waliozaliwa 1938 Waliofariki 2020	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Hassan Achour", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Hassan Louahid aliyepewa jina la utani Achour (14 Machi 1938 - 17 Septemba 2020) alikuwa mwanasoka na meneja wa kimataifa wa Algeria. Alizaliwa huko Sétif. Alishinda mechi 16 katika timu ya taifa ya Algeria na alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Algeria katika Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika la 1968 nchini Ethiopia. Alikufa huko Algiers, mwenye umri wa miaka 82.\n\nMarejeo\n\nWachezaji mpira wa Algeria\nWaliozaliwa 1938\nWaliofariki 2020", "role": "assistant" } ]
Manasquan, New Jersey	Manasquan ni mji wa Marekani katika jimbo la New Jersey. Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mnamo mwaka wa 2007, mji huu una wakazi wapatao 6,200 wanaoishi katika mji huu. Mji upo m 4 kutoka juu ya usawa wa bahari. Eneo lake ni 6.6 km². Miji ya New Jersey Monmouth County, New Jersey	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Manasquan, New Jersey", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Manasquan ni mji wa Marekani katika jimbo la New Jersey. Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mnamo mwaka wa 2007, mji huu una wakazi wapatao 6,200 wanaoishi katika mji huu. Mji upo m 4 kutoka juu ya usawa wa bahari. Eneo lake ni 6.6 km². \n\nMiji ya New Jersey\nMonmouth County, New Jersey", "role": "assistant" } ]
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20Deitsch	Samantha Deitsch (amezaliwa Februari 14, 2003) ni mwandishi wa Kimarekani na mwanaharakati wa kudhibiti bunduki ambaye alinusurika kupigwa risasi kwa Shule ya Upili ya Stoneman Douglas mnamo 2018. Maisha yake ya zamani Samantha Deitsch alizaliwa tarehe 14 Februari 2003. Alianza kuhudhuria Shule ya Upili ya Marjory Stoneman Douglas mwaka wa 2017. Deitsch alikuwa mwanafunzi wa kwanza katika Shule ya Upili ya Marjorie Stoneman Douglas wakati ufyatulianaji wa risasi ulitokea mwaka wa 2018. Alikuwa rafiki wa mmoja wa wahasiriwa, Jaime Guttenberg. Yeye ni dada mdogo wa mkurugenzi wa filamu Matt Deitsch na mwanaharakati Ryan Deitsch. Maoni ya kisiasa Mnamo 2019, Broward County, Florida, ilipitisha mfumo wa Maandishi-kwa-9-1-1 na Deitsch alionyesha kuunga mkono mfumo huo mpya: "Kuweza kutuma SMS kwa 911 ni nyongeza muhimu kwa rasilimali za usalama wa umma zilizokuwepo awali". Marejeo Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani USLW Iringa	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20Deitsch", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Samantha Deitsch (amezaliwa Februari 14, 2003) ni mwandishi wa Kimarekani na mwanaharakati wa kudhibiti bunduki ambaye alinusurika kupigwa risasi kwa Shule ya Upili ya Stoneman Douglas mnamo 2018.\n\nMaisha yake ya zamani \nSamantha Deitsch alizaliwa tarehe 14 Februari 2003. Alianza kuhudhuria Shule ya Upili ya Marjory Stoneman Douglas mwaka wa 2017. Deitsch alikuwa mwanafunzi wa kwanza katika Shule ya Upili ya Marjorie Stoneman Douglas wakati ufyatulianaji wa risasi ulitokea mwaka wa 2018. Alikuwa rafiki wa mmoja wa wahasiriwa, Jaime Guttenberg. Yeye ni dada mdogo wa mkurugenzi wa filamu Matt Deitsch na mwanaharakati Ryan Deitsch.\n\nMaoni ya kisiasa \nMnamo 2019, Broward County, Florida, ilipitisha mfumo wa Maandishi-kwa-9-1-1 na Deitsch alionyesha kuunga mkono mfumo huo mpya: \"Kuweza kutuma SMS kwa 911 ni nyongeza muhimu kwa rasilimali za usalama wa umma zilizokuwepo awali\".\n\nMarejeo \n\nUdhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani\nUSLW Iringa", "role": "assistant" } ]
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demba%20Diawara	Demba Diawara (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1931) ni imamu wa msikiti na kiongozi wa kijiji cha Keur Simbara nchini Senegal. Anajulikana kwa uongozi wake katika kuhamasisha jamii za Wabambara kuacha mila za ukeketaji wa wanawake. Maagizo ya kwanza kutoa katika kijiji cha Senegalse cha Malicounda Bambara kuachana mila za ukeketaji mnamo mwaka 1997. Maisha Diawara alizaliwa mnamo mwaka wa 1931. Yeye ni imamu lakini sasa anajulikana kama kiongozi mkuu wa kijiji cha Keidi Simbara magharibi mwa Senegal. Kampeni ya Diawara Diawara alikuwa na wasiwasi aliposikia mnamo 1997 kwamba kijiji cha Malicounda Bambara iliwahi kufanya azimio la kusimamisha desturi ya kuteketeza wanawake iliyokuwa sehemu ya utamduni wa Wabambara. Kijiji cha pili Nguerigne Bambara kilifuata mwaka uleule. Diawara alisafiri hadi Malicounda Bambara kueleza wasiwasi zake lakini aliambiwa arudi nyumbani kwanza ajadili na wanawake wa kijiji chake kwanza. Akifuata maagizo hayo, Diawara alijifunza mengi akaona faida ya kubadilisha utamaduni. Wanawake walimwambia mambo ambayo hakuwahi kusikia. Alijua kwamba shemeji yake alishindwa kuzaa akielewa sasa sababu yake ni kuteketezwa. Hakuwahi kuambiwa kwamba kunaleta maumivu makali hakuwahi. Diawara alitaka kijiji chake kufuata mfano wa majirani lakini aliona tatizo. Watu wa vijiji vingine wangeona mabinti kuwa najisi kama hawakukatwa hadi wasingeolewa. Aliona kwamba angehitaji kushawishi pia vijiji vingine vya kabila lake na kutumia mawasiliani katika ujoo. Alina pia haja ya kusambaza ujumbe huo kwa upole bila kushtaki utamatuni na wafuasi wake. Diawara pamoja na mpwa wake na mwanamke aliyewahi kuteketeza mabinti katika kijiji chake walianza kuzunguka katika vijiji vingine vya Wabambara na kusambaza ujumbe wakianza kutembelea ndugu za koo za babake na mamake. Tarehe 14 Februari 1998 wawakilishi 60 kutoka vijiji 13 walikutana huko Diabougou karibu na mpaka wa Mali wakapatana kumaliza desturi ya kuteketeza wanawake (FGC). Waliwakilisha wakazi 8,000. Juhudi za Diawara ziliendelea na mwaka 1999 vijiji 105 vyenye watu 80,000 viliamua kuachana na desturi ya kuteketeza. Serikali ya Senegal ilipiga desturi hiyo marufuku lakini mtindo wa Diawara unanekana kuleta matokeo mazuri kuliko kanuni za kisheria pekee. Marejeo Waliozaliwa 1931 wanaharakati wa Senegal Mashindano ya uandishi wa makala za haki za binadamu	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demba%20Diawara", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Demba Diawara (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka 1931) ni imamu wa msikiti na kiongozi wa kijiji cha Keur Simbara nchini Senegal. Anajulikana kwa uongozi wake katika kuhamasisha jamii za Wabambara kuacha mila za ukeketaji wa wanawake.\n\nMaagizo ya kwanza kutoa katika kijiji cha Senegalse cha Malicounda Bambara kuachana mila za ukeketaji mnamo mwaka 1997.\n\nMaisha\nDiawara alizaliwa mnamo mwaka wa 1931. Yeye ni imamu lakini sasa anajulikana kama kiongozi mkuu wa kijiji cha Keidi Simbara magharibi mwa Senegal.\n\nKampeni ya Diawara \nDiawara alikuwa na wasiwasi aliposikia mnamo 1997 kwamba kijiji cha Malicounda Bambara iliwahi kufanya azimio la kusimamisha desturi ya kuteketeza wanawake iliyokuwa sehemu ya utamduni wa Wabambara. Kijiji cha pili Nguerigne Bambara kilifuata mwaka uleule. Diawara alisafiri hadi Malicounda Bambara kueleza wasiwasi zake lakini aliambiwa arudi nyumbani kwanza ajadili na wanawake wa kijiji chake kwanza. Akifuata maagizo hayo, Diawara alijifunza mengi akaona faida ya kubadilisha utamaduni. Wanawake walimwambia mambo ambayo hakuwahi kusikia. Alijua kwamba shemeji yake alishindwa kuzaa akielewa sasa sababu yake ni kuteketezwa. Hakuwahi kuambiwa kwamba kunaleta maumivu makali hakuwahi. \n\nDiawara alitaka kijiji chake kufuata mfano wa majirani lakini aliona tatizo. Watu wa vijiji vingine wangeona mabinti kuwa najisi kama hawakukatwa hadi wasingeolewa. Aliona kwamba angehitaji kushawishi pia vijiji vingine vya kabila lake na kutumia mawasiliani katika ujoo. Alina pia haja ya kusambaza ujumbe huo kwa upole bila kushtaki utamatuni na wafuasi wake. \n\nDiawara pamoja na mpwa wake na mwanamke aliyewahi kuteketeza mabinti katika kijiji chake walianza kuzunguka katika vijiji vingine vya Wabambara na kusambaza ujumbe wakianza kutembelea ndugu za koo za babake na mamake. \n\nTarehe 14 Februari 1998 wawakilishi 60 kutoka vijiji 13 walikutana huko Diabougou karibu na mpaka wa Mali wakapatana kumaliza desturi ya kuteketeza wanawake (FGC). Waliwakilisha wakazi 8,000. \n\nJuhudi za Diawara ziliendelea na mwaka 1999 vijiji 105 vyenye watu 80,000 viliamua kuachana na desturi ya kuteketeza. \n\nSerikali ya Senegal ilipiga desturi hiyo marufuku lakini mtindo wa Diawara unanekana kuleta matokeo mazuri kuliko kanuni za kisheria pekee.\n\nMarejeo\n\nWaliozaliwa 1931\nwanaharakati wa Senegal\nMashindano ya uandishi wa makala za haki za binadamu", "role": "assistant" } ]
1989 Richmond (Yorks) by-election	A by-election was held in the Richmond (Yorks) constituency of the United Kingdom Parliament on 23 February 1989. It followed the resignation of the sitting Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Leon Brittan on 31 December 1988, to allow him to take up the position of Vice-President of the European Commission. The Conservative Party retained the seat, with future party leader William Hague the winner. The result was affected in part to the decision by the remnants of the Social Democratic Party (the part that objected to the merger with the Liberal Party the previous year) to contest the election as well as the newly formed Social and Liberal Democrats (who subsequently renamed themselves the Liberal Democrats). The SDP candidate, local farmer Mike Potter, finished second (with 16,909 votes, 2,634 behind Hague), while the Social and Liberal Democrats' Barbara Pearce came third with 11,589. The Labour Party achieved only fourth place in the election, at that time their worst position in any English by-election since World War II. Hague retained the seat for the next 26 years, winning re-election at the 1992, 1997, 2001, 2005 and 2010 general elections. Results Anthony Millns was an independent candidate who used his occupation "University Information Officer" on the ballot paper. His campaign was focused on keeping the brewery company Theakstons within British ownership. See also List of United Kingdom by-elections References Richmond (Yorks) by-election Richmond (Yorks) by-election Richmondshire Richmond, North Yorkshire By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in North Yorkshire constituencies 1980s in York Richmond (Yorks) by-election	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "1989 Richmond (Yorks) by-election", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A by-election was held in the Richmond (Yorks) constituency of the United Kingdom Parliament on 23 February 1989. It followed the resignation of the sitting Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Leon Brittan on 31 December 1988, to allow him to take up the position of Vice-President of the European Commission.\n\nThe Conservative Party retained the seat, with future party leader William Hague the winner. The result was affected in part to the decision by the remnants of the Social Democratic Party (the part that objected to the merger with the Liberal Party the previous year) to contest the election as well as the newly formed Social and Liberal Democrats (who subsequently renamed themselves the Liberal Democrats). The SDP candidate, local farmer Mike Potter, finished second (with 16,909 votes, 2,634 behind Hague), while the Social and Liberal Democrats' Barbara Pearce came third with 11,589.\n\nThe Labour Party achieved only fourth place in the election, at that time their worst position in any English by-election since World War II.\n\nHague retained the seat for the next 26 years, winning re-election at the 1992, 1997, 2001, 2005 and 2010 general elections.\n\nResults \n\nAnthony Millns was an independent candidate who used his occupation \"University Information Officer\" on the ballot paper. His campaign was focused on keeping the brewery company Theakstons within British ownership.\n\nSee also\nList of United Kingdom by-elections\n\nReferences\n\nRichmond (Yorks) by-election\nRichmond (Yorks) by-election\nRichmondshire\nRichmond, North Yorkshire\nBy-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in North Yorkshire constituencies\n1980s in York\nRichmond (Yorks) by-election", "role": "assistant" } ]
Robin N. Hamilton	Robin Nicole Hamilton ni mwandishi wa habari wa Marekani, mtangazaji wa runinga, na mkuu katika kampuni ya AroundRobin Production Company. Amefanya kazi kama mwandishi wa habari wa matangazo huko Florida, New York, Boston, Massachusetts na Washington DC. Aliongoza filamu fupi ya maandishi ya 2015 iliyojulikana This Little Light of Mine: The Legacy of Fannie Hamer. Elimu Mzaliwa wa Columbia, Maryland, Hamilton alihudhuria Chuo Kikuu cha Duke alipata digrii yake ya shahada ya kwanza ya Kiingereza. Aliandika thesis yake juu ya ubaguzi ndani ya Durham. Alipata shahada ya uzamili katika uandishi wa habari kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha New York. Alipata pia digrii ya uzamili katika usimamizi wa umma kwa kuzingatia sera na media kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard John F. Kennedy School of Government. Runinga na Filamu Wajibu wa kwanza wa Hamilton kuripoti hewani alikuwa kama mwandishi wa runinga huko Florida. Baada ya kukaa huko New York, Hamilton alikua mwandishi wa WBZ-TV huko Boston, Massachusetts mnamo Machi 2001. Baada ya miaka minne, Hamilton alipandishwa cheo kuwa mwenyeji wa kipindi cha asubuhi cha UPN38 kwenye UPN38 (WSBK-TV) huko Boston, kituo-dada cha WBZ-TV. Onyesho la asubuhi la UPN38 lilipangwa kama toleo la ndani la kipindi cha The Today (U.S. TV TV), na habari za hali ya hewa, na trafiki kwenye huduma ya mitindo, uzazi, bustani na mipango ya sherehe . Hamilton kisha akarudi Washington DC ambapo kwa sasa anafanya kazi katika shirika linalomilikiwa na CW-DCW50 TV (WDCW) inayomilikiwa na Tribune, kama mwandishi wa kipindi cha jarida la NewsPlus. Ameshiriki pia safu ya Living Black History ya DCW50 kwa miaka sita iliyopita. Hamilton pia amejitokeza kwenye kichekesho cha filamu cha 2012 Ted kama nanga ya habari. Hutumika pia kama mkuu wa kampuni ya ARoundRobin Production Company, kampuni ya utengenezaji wa video. Mnamo mwaka wa 2015, Hamilton aliandika, akaandaa na kuongoza filamu hii This Little Light of Mine: The Legacy of Fannie Hamer, filamu ya maandishi kuhusu mshirikishi wa haki za raia wa Mississippi ambaye alipigania haki za kupiga kura. Fannie Lou Hamer anajulikana sana kwa ushuhuda wake maarufu wakati wa kusikilizwa kwa kamati ya idhini ya kitaifa ya kidemokrasia mnamo 1964, akielezea ukatili ambao watu weusi wanakabiliwa kuishi Jim Crow South.This Little Light of Mine: The Legacy of Fannie Hamer ilikuwa filamu ya ufunguzi wa Tamasha la Filamu la Machi la Washington. Mnamo Julai 15, 2015 na pia itaonyeshwa kwenye tamasha la Martha's Vineyard African American la filamu huru la New York City. Kwa kuongezea, filamu hiyo ilionyeshwa katika Kituo cha Hill katika hospitali ya Old Naval huko Washington DC mnamo Agosti 5, 2015 kama sehemu ya mpango wa haki za raia wa Library of Congress American Folklife Center, katika safu za "Many Paths to Freedom: Looking Back, Looking Ahead at the Long Civil Rights Movement". Kufuatia uchunguzi huo, Hamilton atahojiwa na mwenyeji wa NPR Michel Martin. Kukuza This Little Light of Mine: The Legacy of Fannie Hamer, Hamilton alikuwa mgeni kwenye kipindi cha Julai 19, 2015 cha Spirit of Jazz kwenye WPFW. Kwa kuongezea, All Digitocracy iliandaa hadithi na filamu juu ya Hamilton mnamo Agosti 4, 2015, Hamilton alikuwa mgeni kwenye kipindi cha Kojo Nnamdi. Tuzo Hamilton ameshinda na ameteuliwa kwa tuzo kadhaa kwa kazi yake kwenye safu ya Living Black History ya DCW50 TV ( WDCW ). Mnamo Juni 15, 2013, Hamilton alishinda tuzo ya Emmy ya mkoa kupitia The Dream Began Here, maandishi ya kihistoria ambayo inachunguza majukumu yanayobadilika ambayo wamarekani wa Kiafrika wamekuwa nayo Washington DC. Mnamo 2012, alishinda tuzo ya Gracie kutoka Alliance for Women in Media kwa kazi yake ya Hattie's Lost Legacy, ambayo inafuatilia taaluma ya mshindi wa kwanza wa Tuzo za African American Academy, Hattie McDaniel na fumbo la sanamu yake iliyopotea ya Oscar . Urithi wa Hattie uliopotea pia uliteuliwa kuwania tuzo ya Emmy ya mkoa mwaka 2011 kwa hati ya kihistoria. Kwa kuongezea, Hamilton alishinda tuzo mbili za National Association of Black Journalists (NABJ) Salute to Excellence Awards. Mnamo 2013 alishinda kupitia The Dream Began Here na mnamo 2011 alishinda kupitia Howard Theatre: A Century in Song, maandishi ya kihistoria ya Howard Theatre. Hamilton pia aliteuliwa kuwania Tuzo ya NABJ 2012 Salute to Excellence Award kupitia Hattie's Lost Legacy. Utumishi wa Umma Mnamo msimu wa joto was 2010, Hamilton aliwahi kuwa mtumishi wa umma wa vyombo vya habari (Public Media Corps PMC) ambayo ilimruhusu kukuza zana za media ya kijamii kwa jamii ambazo hazina haki. PMC ni mradi wa National Black Programming Consortium (NBPC). Maisha binafsi Hamilton ameolewa na Mark Falzone. Marejeo Waandishi wa habari Wanawake wa Marekani Watu walio hai Arusha Translation-a-thon	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Robin N. Hamilton", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Robin Nicole Hamilton ni mwandishi wa habari wa Marekani, mtangazaji wa runinga, na mkuu katika kampuni ya AroundRobin Production Company. Amefanya kazi kama mwandishi wa habari wa matangazo huko Florida, New York, Boston, Massachusetts na Washington DC. Aliongoza filamu fupi ya maandishi ya 2015 iliyojulikana This Little Light of Mine: The Legacy of Fannie Hamer.\n\nElimu\nMzaliwa wa Columbia, Maryland, Hamilton alihudhuria Chuo Kikuu cha Duke alipata digrii yake ya shahada ya kwanza ya Kiingereza. Aliandika thesis yake juu ya ubaguzi ndani ya Durham. Alipata shahada ya uzamili katika uandishi wa habari kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha New York. Alipata pia digrii ya uzamili katika usimamizi wa umma kwa kuzingatia sera na media kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard John F. Kennedy School of Government.\n\nRuninga na Filamu\nWajibu wa kwanza wa Hamilton kuripoti hewani alikuwa kama mwandishi wa runinga huko Florida. Baada ya kukaa huko New York, Hamilton alikua mwandishi wa WBZ-TV huko Boston, Massachusetts mnamo Machi 2001. Baada ya miaka minne, Hamilton alipandishwa cheo kuwa mwenyeji wa kipindi cha asubuhi cha UPN38 kwenye UPN38 (WSBK-TV) huko Boston, kituo-dada cha WBZ-TV. Onyesho la asubuhi la UPN38 lilipangwa kama toleo la ndani la kipindi cha The Today (U.S. TV TV), na habari za hali ya hewa, na trafiki kwenye huduma ya mitindo, uzazi, bustani na mipango ya sherehe \n. Hamilton kisha akarudi Washington DC ambapo kwa sasa anafanya kazi katika shirika linalomilikiwa na CW-DCW50 TV (WDCW) inayomilikiwa na Tribune, kama mwandishi wa kipindi cha jarida la NewsPlus. Ameshiriki pia safu ya Living Black History ya DCW50 kwa miaka sita iliyopita. Hamilton pia amejitokeza kwenye kichekesho cha filamu cha 2012 Ted kama nanga ya habari. Hutumika pia kama mkuu wa kampuni ya ARoundRobin Production Company, kampuni ya utengenezaji wa video.\n\nMnamo mwaka wa 2015, Hamilton aliandika, akaandaa na kuongoza filamu hii This Little Light of Mine: The Legacy of Fannie Hamer, filamu ya maandishi kuhusu mshirikishi wa haki za raia wa Mississippi ambaye alipigania haki za kupiga kura. Fannie Lou Hamer anajulikana sana kwa ushuhuda wake maarufu wakati wa kusikilizwa kwa kamati ya idhini ya kitaifa ya kidemokrasia mnamo 1964, akielezea ukatili ambao watu weusi wanakabiliwa kuishi Jim Crow South.This Little Light of Mine: The Legacy of Fannie Hamer ilikuwa filamu ya ufunguzi wa Tamasha la Filamu la Machi la Washington. Mnamo Julai 15, 2015 na pia itaonyeshwa kwenye tamasha la Martha's Vineyard African American la filamu huru la New York City. Kwa kuongezea, filamu hiyo ilionyeshwa katika Kituo cha Hill katika hospitali ya Old Naval huko Washington DC mnamo Agosti 5, 2015 kama sehemu ya mpango wa haki za raia wa Library of Congress American Folklife Center, katika safu za \"Many Paths to Freedom: Looking Back, Looking Ahead at the Long Civil Rights Movement\". Kufuatia uchunguzi huo, Hamilton atahojiwa na mwenyeji wa NPR Michel Martin. \n\nKukuza This Little Light of Mine: The Legacy of Fannie Hamer, Hamilton alikuwa mgeni kwenye kipindi cha Julai 19, 2015 cha Spirit of Jazz kwenye WPFW. Kwa kuongezea, All Digitocracy iliandaa hadithi na filamu juu ya Hamilton mnamo Agosti 4, 2015, Hamilton alikuwa mgeni kwenye kipindi cha Kojo Nnamdi.\n\nTuzo\nHamilton ameshinda na ameteuliwa kwa tuzo kadhaa kwa kazi yake kwenye safu ya Living Black History ya DCW50 TV ( WDCW ). Mnamo Juni 15, 2013, Hamilton alishinda tuzo ya Emmy ya mkoa kupitia The Dream Began Here, maandishi ya kihistoria ambayo inachunguza majukumu yanayobadilika ambayo wamarekani wa Kiafrika wamekuwa nayo Washington DC. Mnamo 2012, alishinda tuzo ya Gracie kutoka Alliance for Women in Media kwa kazi yake ya Hattie's Lost Legacy, ambayo inafuatilia taaluma ya mshindi wa kwanza wa Tuzo za African American Academy, Hattie McDaniel na fumbo la sanamu yake iliyopotea ya Oscar . Urithi wa Hattie uliopotea pia uliteuliwa kuwania tuzo ya Emmy ya mkoa mwaka 2011 kwa hati ya kihistoria.\n\nKwa kuongezea, Hamilton alishinda tuzo mbili za National Association of Black Journalists (NABJ) Salute to Excellence Awards. Mnamo 2013 alishinda kupitia The Dream Began Here na mnamo 2011 alishinda kupitia Howard Theatre: A Century in Song, maandishi ya kihistoria ya Howard Theatre. Hamilton pia aliteuliwa kuwania Tuzo ya NABJ 2012 Salute to Excellence Award kupitia Hattie's Lost Legacy.\n\nUtumishi wa Umma\nMnamo msimu wa joto was 2010, Hamilton aliwahi kuwa mtumishi wa umma wa vyombo vya habari (Public Media Corps PMC) ambayo ilimruhusu kukuza zana za media ya kijamii kwa jamii ambazo hazina haki. PMC ni mradi wa National Black Programming Consortium (NBPC).\n\nMaisha binafsi\nHamilton ameolewa na Mark Falzone.\n\nMarejeo\n\nWaandishi wa habari\nWanawake wa Marekani\nWatu walio hai\nArusha Translation-a-thon", "role": "assistant" } ]
Papa Gregori XV	Papa Gregori XV (9 Januari 1554 – 8 Julai 1623) alikuwa Papa kuanzia tarehe 9/14 Februari 1621 hadi kifo chake. Alitokea Bologna, Italia. Jina lake la kuzaliwa lilikuwa Alessandro Ludovisi. Alimfuata Papa Paulo V akafuatwa na Papa Urbano VIII. Tazama pia Orodha ya Mapapa Tanbihi Viungo vya nje Papa Gregori XV katika Kamusi Elezo ya Kikatoliki Waliozaliwa 1554 Waliofariki 1623 Papa Watu wa Italia	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Papa Gregori XV", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Papa Gregori XV (9 Januari 1554 – 8 Julai 1623) alikuwa Papa kuanzia tarehe 9/14 Februari 1621 hadi kifo chake. Alitokea Bologna, Italia. \n\nJina lake la kuzaliwa lilikuwa Alessandro Ludovisi. \n\nAlimfuata Papa Paulo V akafuatwa na Papa Urbano VIII.\n\nTazama pia\nOrodha ya Mapapa\n\nTanbihi\n\nViungo vya nje \nPapa Gregori XV katika Kamusi Elezo ya Kikatoliki\n\nWaliozaliwa 1554\nWaliofariki 1623\nPapa\nWatu wa Italia", "role": "assistant" } ]
Topister Situma	Topister Situma ni mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu Kenya anacheza nafasi ya mbele timu ya Vihiga Queens FC na timu ya taifa ya wanawake Marejeo Wanawake wa Kenya Wachezaji mpira wanawake Kenya Arusha Women in Wiki	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Topister Situma", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Topister Situma ni mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu Kenya anacheza nafasi ya mbele timu ya Vihiga Queens FC na timu ya taifa ya wanawake\n\nMarejeo \nWanawake wa Kenya\nWachezaji mpira wanawake Kenya\nArusha Women in Wiki", "role": "assistant" } ]
Jordano Ansalone	Giacinto Giordano Ansalone, O.P. (1598 – 17 Novemba 1634) alikuwa padri mmisionari kutoka Italia na mmojawapo kati ya Wakristo wa Kanisa Katoliki waliofia dini nchini Japani. Anaheshimiwa kama mtakatifu pamoja na Lorenzo Ruiz na wenzao waliotangazwa na Papa Yohane Paulo II kuwa wenye heri tarehe 18 Februari 1981 halafu watakatifu tarehe 18 Oktoba 1987. Sikukuu yao huadhimishwa tarehe 28 Septemba, lakini ya kwake mwenyewe tarehe ya kifodini chake. Tazama pia Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko Tanbihi Marejeo Lorenzo de Manila, The Proto-Martyr of The Philippines and his Companions - Fr. Fidel Villarroel, O.P., 1988 Waliozaliwa 1598 Waliofariki 1634 Wadominiko Mapadri Wamisionari Wafiadini Wakristo Watakatifu wa Italia Watakatifu wa Japani	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Jordano Ansalone", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Giacinto Giordano Ansalone, O.P. (1598 – 17 Novemba 1634) alikuwa padri mmisionari kutoka Italia na mmojawapo kati ya Wakristo wa Kanisa Katoliki waliofia dini nchini Japani.\n\nAnaheshimiwa kama mtakatifu pamoja na Lorenzo Ruiz na wenzao waliotangazwa na Papa Yohane Paulo II kuwa wenye heri tarehe 18 Februari 1981 halafu watakatifu tarehe 18 Oktoba 1987.\n\nSikukuu yao huadhimishwa tarehe 28 Septemba, lakini ya kwake mwenyewe tarehe ya kifodini chake.\n\nTazama pia\nWatakatifu wa Agano la Kale\nOrodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo\nOrodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika\nOrodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko\n\nTanbihi\n\nMarejeo\nLorenzo de Manila, The Proto-Martyr of The Philippines and his Companions - Fr. Fidel Villarroel, O.P., 1988\n \n\nWaliozaliwa 1598\nWaliofariki 1634\nWadominiko\nMapadri\nWamisionari\nWafiadini Wakristo\nWatakatifu wa Italia\nWatakatifu wa Japani", "role": "assistant" } ]
Francisco Pineda (mwanamazingira)	Francisco Pineda ni mwanamazingira wa El Salvador. Alitunukiwa Tuzo ya Mazingira ya Goldman mwaka 2011, kwa jitihada zake za kulinda rasilimali za maji nchini El Salvador dhidi ya uchafuzi wa miradi ya madini. Marejeo WikiForHumanRights 2022 Tanzania Watu wa El Salvador	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Francisco Pineda (mwanamazingira)", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Francisco Pineda ni mwanamazingira wa El Salvador. Alitunukiwa Tuzo ya Mazingira ya Goldman mwaka 2011, kwa jitihada zake za kulinda rasilimali za maji nchini El Salvador dhidi ya uchafuzi wa miradi ya madini.\n\nMarejeo \n\nWikiForHumanRights 2022 Tanzania\nWatu wa El Salvador", "role": "assistant" } ]
List of reptiles of Texas	This list of reptiles of Texas includes the snakes, lizards, crocodilians, and turtles native to the U.S. state of Texas. Texas has a large range of habitats, from swamps, coastal marshes and pine forests in the east, rocky hills and limestone karst in the center, desert in the south and west, mountains in the far west, and grassland prairie in the north. This vast contrast in biomes makes Texas home to an extremely wide variety of herpetofauna. Its central position in the United States means that species found primarily in either the western or eastern parts of the country often have their ranges meeting in the state. Its proximity to Mexico is such that many species found there and into Central America range as far north as Texas. The abundance of reptiles makes the state a prime area for research, and most species found in Texas have been well studied. Texas state law protects several reptile species; threatened species are denoted with a (T) and endangered species are denoted with an (E). The climate of Texas has also led to some species being introduced and establishing a permanent population, denoted with an (I). Crocodilians Lizards Snakes Turtles See also List of Texas amphibians Further reading Dixon, James R. 2013. Amphibians and Reptiles of Texas, with Keys, Taxonomic Synopses, Bibliography, and Distribution Maps. 3nd ed. Texas A&M University Press. College Station, Texas. viii, 477 pp. Dixon, James R., John E. Werler, and Michael R. Forstner. 2020. Texas Snakes, A Field Guide, Revised Edition. University of Texas Press. Austin, Texas. xvi, 448 pp. Ernst, Carl H. and Jeffrey E. Lovich. 2009. Turtles of the United States and Canada. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, Maryland. xii, 827 pp. Ernst, Carl H. and Evelyn M. Ernst. 2003. Snakes of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C. ix, 668 pp. Hibbitts, Troy D. and Toby L. Hibbitts. 2016. Texas Turtles and Crocodilians, A Field Guide. University of Texas Press. Austin. xvi, 257 pp. Hibbitts, Troy D. and Toby J. Hibbitts. 2015. Texas Lizards, A Field Guide. University of Texas Press. Austin. xvi, 333 pp. Jones, Lawrence L. C. and Robert E. Lovich. 2009. Lizards of the American Southwest, A Photographic Field Guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers. Tucson, Arizona. 567 pp. Powell, Robert, Roger Conant, and Joseph T. Collins. 2016. Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, 4rd ed. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts. xiii, 494 pp. Werler, John E. and James R. Dixon. 2000. Texas Snakes, Identification, Distribution, and Natural History. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas. xv, 437 pp. References Texas Memorial Museum: Herps of Texas Texas Parks & Wildlife: Endangered and Threatened Species of Texas Integrated Taxonomic Information System Reptiles Texas	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "List of reptiles of Texas", "role": "user" }, { "content": "This list of reptiles of Texas includes the snakes, lizards, crocodilians, and turtles native to the U.S. state of Texas.\n\nTexas has a large range of habitats, from swamps, coastal marshes and pine forests in the east, rocky hills and limestone karst in the center, desert in the south and west, mountains in the far west, and grassland prairie in the north. This vast contrast in biomes makes Texas home to an extremely wide variety of herpetofauna. Its central position in the United States means that species found primarily in either the western or eastern parts of the country often have their ranges meeting in the state. Its proximity to Mexico is such that many species found there and into Central America range as far north as Texas. The abundance of reptiles makes the state a prime area for research, and most species found in Texas have been well studied.\n\nTexas state law protects several reptile species; threatened species are denoted with a (T) and endangered species are denoted with an (E). The climate of Texas has also led to some species being introduced and establishing a permanent population, denoted with an (I).\n\n\nCrocodilians\n\nLizards\n\nSnakes\n\nTurtles\n\nSee also\n\nList of Texas amphibians\n\nFurther reading\n Dixon, James R. 2013. Amphibians and Reptiles of Texas, with Keys, Taxonomic Synopses, Bibliography, and Distribution Maps. 3nd ed. Texas A&M University Press. College Station, Texas. viii, 477 pp. \n Dixon, James R., John E. Werler, and Michael R. Forstner. 2020. Texas Snakes, A Field Guide, Revised Edition. University of Texas Press. Austin, Texas. xvi, 448 pp. \n Ernst, Carl H. and Jeffrey E. Lovich. 2009. Turtles of the United States and Canada. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, Maryland. xii, 827 pp. \n Ernst, Carl H. and Evelyn M. Ernst. 2003. Snakes of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C. ix, 668 pp. \n Hibbitts, Troy D. and Toby L. Hibbitts. 2016. Texas Turtles and Crocodilians, A Field Guide. University of Texas Press. Austin. xvi, 257 pp. \n Hibbitts, Troy D. and Toby J. Hibbitts. 2015. Texas Lizards, A Field Guide. University of Texas Press. Austin. xvi, 333 pp. \n Jones, Lawrence L. C. and Robert E. Lovich. 2009. Lizards of the American Southwest, A Photographic Field Guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers. Tucson, Arizona. 567 pp. \n Powell, Robert, Roger Conant, and Joseph T. Collins. 2016. Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, 4rd ed. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts. xiii, 494 pp. \n Werler, John E. and James R. Dixon. 2000. Texas Snakes, Identification, Distribution, and Natural History. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas. xv, 437 pp.\n\nReferences\nTexas Memorial Museum: Herps of Texas\nTexas Parks & Wildlife: Endangered and Threatened Species of Texas\nIntegrated Taxonomic Information System\n\nReptiles\nTexas", "role": "assistant" } ]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo%20Annals	The Bamboo Annals (), also known as the Ji Tomb Annals (), is a chronicle of ancient China. It begins in the earliest legendary time (the age of the Yellow Emperor) and extends to 299 BC, with the later centuries focusing on the history of the State of Wei in the Warring States period. It thus covers a similar period to Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian (91 BC). The original may have been lost during the Song dynasty, and the text is known today in two versions, a "current text" (or "modern text") of disputed authenticity and an incomplete "ancient text". Textual history The original text was buried with King Xiang of Wei (died 296 BC) and re-discovered nearly six centuries later in 281 AD (Western Jin dynasty) in the Jizhong discovery. For this reason, the chronicle survived the burning of the books by Emperor Qin Shi Huang. Other texts recovered from the same tomb included Guoyu, I Ching, and the Tale of King Mu. They were written on bamboo slips, the usual writing material of the Warring States period, and it is from this that the name of the text derives. The strips were arranged in order and transcribed by court scholars, who identified the work as the state chronicle of Wei. According to Du Yu, who saw the original strips, the text began with the Xia dynasty, and used a series of different pre-Han calendars. However, later indirect reports state that it began with the Yellow Emperor. This version, consisting of 13 scrolls, was lost during the Song dynasty. A 3-scroll version of the Annals is mentioned in the History of Song (1345), but its relationship to the other versions is not known. The "current text" (今本 jīnběn) is a 2-scroll version of the text printed in the late 16th century. The first scroll contains a sparse narrative of the pre-dynastic emperors (beginning with the Yellow Emperor), the Xia dynasty and the Shang dynasty. The narrative is interspersed with longer passages on portents, which are identical to passages in the late 5th century Book of Song. The second scroll contains a more detailed account of the history of the Western Zhou, the state of Jin and its successor state Wei, and has no portent passages. This version gave years according to the sexagenary cycle, a practice that began in the Han dynasty. Discrepancies between the text and quotations of the earlier text in older books led scholars such as Qian Daxin and Shinzō Shinjō to dismiss the "current" version as a forgery, a view still widely held. Other scholars, notably David Nivison and Edward Shaughnessy, argue that substantial parts of it are faithful copies of the original text. The "ancient text" (古本 gǔběn) is a partial version assembled through painstaking examination of quotations of the lost original in pre-Song works by Zhu Youzeng (late 19th century), Wang Guowei (1917) and Fan Xiangyong (1956). Fang Shiming and Wang Xiuling (1981) have systematically collated all the available quotations, instead of following earlier scholars in trying to merge variant forms of a passage into a single text. The two works that provide the most quotations, the Shui Jing Zhu (527) and Sima Zhen's Shiji Suoyin (early 8th century), seem to be based on slightly different versions of the text. Translations Biot, Édouard (1841–42). "Tchou-chou-ki-nien, Annales de bambou Tablettes chronologiques du Livre écrit sur bambou", Journal asiatique, Third series, 12, pp. 537–78, and 13, pp. 203–207, 381–431. Legge, James (1865). "The Annals of the Bamboo Books", in "Prolegomena", The Chinese Classics, volume 3, part 1, pp. 105–188. Rpt. (1960) Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. Nivison, David (2009). The Riddle of the Bamboo Annals (Zhushu Jinian Jiemi 竹書紀年解謎). Taipei: Airiti Press. See also Tsinghua Bamboo Slips References Citations Sources Works cited reprinted in Further reading (summary). (summary ) (responding to ) (review of ) External links Bamboo Annals at the Chinese Text Project. Bamboo and wooden slips Chinese history texts 4th-century BC history books Chinese chronicles	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo%20Annals", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Bamboo Annals (), also known as the Ji Tomb Annals (), is a chronicle of ancient China.\nIt begins in the earliest legendary time (the age of the Yellow Emperor) and extends to 299 BC, with the later centuries focusing on the history of the State of Wei in the Warring States period. It thus covers a similar period to Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian (91 BC). The original may have been lost during the Song dynasty, and the text is known today in two versions, a \"current text\" (or \"modern text\") of disputed authenticity and an incomplete \"ancient text\".\n\nTextual history \nThe original text was buried with King Xiang of Wei (died 296 BC) and re-discovered nearly six centuries later in 281 AD (Western Jin dynasty) in the Jizhong discovery. For this reason, the chronicle survived the burning of the books by Emperor Qin Shi Huang. Other texts recovered from the same tomb included Guoyu, I Ching, and the Tale of King Mu. They were written on bamboo slips, the usual writing material of the Warring States period, and it is from this that the name of the text derives. The strips were arranged in order and transcribed by court scholars, who identified the work as the state chronicle of Wei. According to Du Yu, who saw the original strips, the text began with the Xia dynasty, and used a series of different pre-Han calendars. However, later indirect reports state that it began with the Yellow Emperor. This version, consisting of 13 scrolls, was lost during the Song dynasty.\nA 3-scroll version of the Annals is mentioned in the History of Song (1345), but its relationship to the other versions is not known.\n\nThe \"current text\" (今本 jīnběn) is a 2-scroll version of the text printed in the late 16th century. The first scroll contains a sparse narrative of the pre-dynastic emperors (beginning with the Yellow Emperor), the Xia dynasty and the Shang dynasty. The narrative is interspersed with longer passages on portents, which are identical to passages in the late 5th century Book of Song. The second scroll contains a more detailed account of the history of the Western Zhou, the state of Jin and its successor state Wei, and has no portent passages. This version gave years according to the sexagenary cycle, a practice that began in the Han dynasty. Discrepancies between the text and quotations of the earlier text in older books led scholars such as Qian Daxin and Shinzō Shinjō to dismiss the \"current\" version as a forgery, a view still widely held. Other scholars, notably David Nivison and Edward Shaughnessy, argue that substantial parts of it are faithful copies of the original text.\n\nThe \"ancient text\" (古本 gǔběn) is a partial version assembled through painstaking examination of quotations of the lost original in pre-Song works by Zhu Youzeng (late 19th century), Wang Guowei (1917) and Fan Xiangyong (1956). Fang Shiming and Wang Xiuling (1981) have systematically collated all the available quotations, instead of following earlier scholars in trying to merge variant forms of a passage into a single text.\nThe two works that provide the most quotations, the Shui Jing Zhu (527) and Sima Zhen's Shiji Suoyin (early 8th century), seem to be based on slightly different versions of the text.\n\nTranslations\n Biot, Édouard (1841–42). \"Tchou-chou-ki-nien, Annales de bambou Tablettes chronologiques du Livre écrit sur bambou\", Journal asiatique, Third series, 12, pp. 537–78, and 13, pp. 203–207, 381–431.\nLegge, James (1865). \"The Annals of the Bamboo Books\", in \"Prolegomena\", The Chinese Classics, volume 3, part 1, pp. 105–188. Rpt. (1960) Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.\nNivison, David (2009). The Riddle of the Bamboo Annals (Zhushu Jinian Jiemi 竹書紀年解謎). Taipei: Airiti Press.\n\nSee also\n Tsinghua Bamboo Slips\n\nReferences\n\nCitations\n\nSources \n Works cited\n\n \n \n \n \n reprinted in\n\nFurther reading \n\n \n (summary).\n (summary )\n (responding to )\n \n \n (review of )\n\nExternal links \n Bamboo Annals at the Chinese Text Project.\n\nBamboo and wooden slips\nChinese history texts\n4th-century BC history books\nChinese chronicles", "role": "assistant" } ]
Ismail as-Sadr	Ismail as-Sadr () (died 1919–1920) was a Lebanese Grand Ayatollah, a title which is used in Iran and Iraq referring to a Twelver Shi'a scholar who is a fully qualified mujtahid who asserts authority over peers and followers by virtue of sufficient study and achievement of the level of necessary competency needed to obtain permission (ijāza) to practice ijtihad. Life and family Sayyid Ismail as-Sadr is the grandfather of the well-known and respected Sadr family. He is the first to be known with the last name of as-Sadr after his father Sadr ad-Din ibn Salih, whose ancestors had been from the Jabal Amel in Lebanon. Ismail As-Sadr was born in Isfahan, Iran. He is the youngest of five brothers all of whom became scholars of Shia Islam. He had four sons: Muhammad Mahdi as-Sadr (1879-1939), grandfather of Mohammad al-Sadr (killed 1999), great-grandfather of Muqtada as-Sadr Sadr ad-Din as-Sadr (1881-1954), father of Musa as-Sadr (disappeared/killed 1978) and Rabab al-Sadr Haydar as-Sadr (1891-1937), father of Muhammad Baqir as-Sadr and Amina al-Sadr (both killed in 1980) a fourth son. He resided in Najaf, Iraq, and became the sole marja until his death in 1338 A.H. (c. 1919–1920). See also List of Shi'a Muslim scholars of Islam References Sadr, Ismail as- Sadr, Ismail as- Iranian people of Lebanese descent Lebanese ayatollahs Iraqi Shia Muslims Al-Moussawi family 1919 deaths Pupils of Muhammad Kadhim Khorasani	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Ismail as-Sadr", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Ismail as-Sadr () (died 1919–1920) was a Lebanese Grand Ayatollah, a title which is used in Iran and Iraq referring to a Twelver Shi'a scholar who is a fully qualified mujtahid who asserts authority over peers and followers by virtue of sufficient study and achievement of the level of necessary competency needed to obtain permission (ijāza) to practice ijtihad.\n\nLife and family\nSayyid Ismail as-Sadr is the grandfather of the well-known and respected Sadr family. He is the first to be known with the last name of as-Sadr after his father Sadr ad-Din ibn Salih, whose ancestors had been from the Jabal Amel in Lebanon.\n\nIsmail As-Sadr was born in Isfahan, Iran. He is the youngest of five brothers all of whom became scholars of Shia Islam. He had four sons:\nMuhammad Mahdi as-Sadr (1879-1939), grandfather of Mohammad al-Sadr (killed 1999), great-grandfather of Muqtada as-Sadr\nSadr ad-Din as-Sadr (1881-1954), father of Musa as-Sadr (disappeared/killed 1978) and Rabab al-Sadr\nHaydar as-Sadr (1891-1937), father of Muhammad Baqir as-Sadr and Amina al-Sadr (both killed in 1980)\na fourth son.\n\nHe resided in Najaf, Iraq, and became the sole marja until his death in 1338 A.H. (c. 1919–1920).\n\nSee also\nList of Shi'a Muslim scholars of Islam\n\nReferences\n\nSadr, Ismail as-\nSadr, Ismail as-\nIranian people of Lebanese descent\nLebanese ayatollahs\nIraqi Shia Muslims\nAl-Moussawi family\n1919 deaths\nPupils of Muhammad Kadhim Khorasani", "role": "assistant" } ]
Tortilla	Tortilla (tamka: tor-ti-ya) ni aina ya mkate bapa wa Meksiko unaofanana na chapati. Kwa kawaida hutengenezwa kwa unga wa mahindi lakini siku hizi kuna pia tortilla za ngano. Wamexiko huandaa mahindi kwa kuyapika katika maji walimotia kiasi cha chokaa na kuikoboa baadaye. Kupikwa katika chokaa kunaongeza lishe ya mahindi kwa sababu ndani yake kuna proteini na vitamini yasiyopokelewa na tumbo la binadamu bila maandalizi hayo. Sehemu kubwa ya kinyunga cha tortilla huandaliwa siku hizi viwandani na kuuzwa madukani. Kinyunga hicho hukaushwa tena na kusagwa ikiuzwa kwa umbo la unga utakaochanganywa tena na maji jikoni. Tortilla inaandaliwa kwa umbo la kisahani bapa kama chapati na kuokwa juu ya bati joto au mwenye sufuria. Mboga ya kienyeji pamoja na tortilla ni maharagwe lakini kuna njia nyingi za kuzila. Wengi wanapenda kula "taco" barabarani ambayo ni tortilla iliyojazwa nyama, kuku au mboga na kukunjwa ikiliwa mikononi. Chakula	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Tortilla", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Tortilla (tamka: tor-ti-ya) ni aina ya mkate bapa wa Meksiko unaofanana na chapati. Kwa kawaida hutengenezwa kwa unga wa mahindi lakini siku hizi kuna pia tortilla za ngano.\n\nWamexiko huandaa mahindi kwa kuyapika katika maji walimotia kiasi cha chokaa na kuikoboa baadaye. Kupikwa katika chokaa kunaongeza lishe ya mahindi kwa sababu ndani yake kuna proteini na vitamini yasiyopokelewa na tumbo la binadamu bila maandalizi hayo.\n\nSehemu kubwa ya kinyunga cha tortilla huandaliwa siku hizi viwandani na kuuzwa madukani. Kinyunga hicho hukaushwa tena na kusagwa ikiuzwa kwa umbo la unga utakaochanganywa tena na maji jikoni. Tortilla inaandaliwa kwa umbo la kisahani bapa kama chapati na kuokwa juu ya bati joto au mwenye sufuria.\n\nMboga ya kienyeji pamoja na tortilla ni maharagwe lakini kuna njia nyingi za kuzila.\n\nWengi wanapenda kula \"taco\" barabarani ambayo ni tortilla iliyojazwa nyama, kuku au mboga na kukunjwa ikiliwa mikononi. \n\nChakula", "role": "assistant" } ]
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiserer-Sine	Kiserer-Sine ni lugha ya Kiniger-Kongo nchini Senegal na Gambia inayozungumzwa na Waserer. Mwaka wa 2006 idadi ya wasemaji wa Kiserer-Sine imehesabiwa kuwa watu 1,130,000. Pia kuna wasemaji 31,900 nchini Gambia. Kufuatana na uainishaji wa lugha kwa ndani zaidi, Kiserer-Sine iko katika kundi la Kiatlantiki. Viungo vya nje lugha ya Kiserer-Sine kwenye Multitree makala za OLAC kuhusu Kiserer-Sine lugha ya Kiserer-Sine katika Glottolog http://www.ethnologue.com/language/srr Lugha za Senegal Lugha za Gambia	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiserer-Sine", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Kiserer-Sine ni lugha ya Kiniger-Kongo nchini Senegal na Gambia inayozungumzwa na Waserer. Mwaka wa 2006 idadi ya wasemaji wa Kiserer-Sine imehesabiwa kuwa watu 1,130,000. Pia kuna wasemaji 31,900 nchini Gambia. Kufuatana na uainishaji wa lugha kwa ndani zaidi, Kiserer-Sine iko katika kundi la Kiatlantiki.\n\nViungo vya nje\nlugha ya Kiserer-Sine kwenye Multitree\nmakala za OLAC kuhusu Kiserer-Sine\nlugha ya Kiserer-Sine katika Glottolog\nhttp://www.ethnologue.com/language/srr\n\nLugha za Senegal\nLugha za Gambia", "role": "assistant" } ]
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/FN	FN au fn ni kifupi cha: Kodi Kodi ya IATA ya Regional Airlines Kodi ya ISO 639-1 ya lugha ya Sayansi na teknolojia Mashirika na makampuni Michezo Watu Kifupi	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/FN", "role": "user" }, { "content": "FN au fn ni kifupi cha:\n\nKodi \n Kodi ya IATA ya Regional Airlines\n Kodi ya ISO 639-1 ya lugha ya\n\nSayansi na teknolojia\n\nMashirika na makampuni\n\nMichezo\n\nWatu \n\nKifupi", "role": "assistant" } ]
Badi	Badi ni kata ya Wilaya ya Maswa katika Mkoa wa Simiyu, Tanzania yenye postikodi namba 39321 . Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mwaka wa 2012, kata ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 16,131 waishio humo. Vijiji vya kata ya Badi ni Muhida, Bukangilija, Nyashimba, Nhelela, Jihu na Ikungu. . Marejeo Wilaya ya Maswa Mkoa wa Simiyu	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Badi", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Badi ni kata ya Wilaya ya Maswa katika Mkoa wa Simiyu, Tanzania yenye postikodi namba 39321 . Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mwaka wa 2012, kata ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 16,131 waishio humo. Vijiji vya kata ya Badi ni Muhida, Bukangilija, Nyashimba, Nhelela, Jihu na Ikungu. .\n\nMarejeo \n\nWilaya ya Maswa\nMkoa wa Simiyu", "role": "assistant" } ]
Mamas wa Awlatos	Mamas wa Awlatos alikuwa Mkristo aliyefia dini yake katika karne ya 4. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa kama mtakatifu mfiadini. Sikukuu yake huadhimishwa tarehe 17 Septemba. Tazama pia Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko Tanbihi Viungo vya nje http://www.stmichaeleoc.org/Synaxarium/Meskerem_05.htm Wafiadini Wakristo Watakatifu wa Misri	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Mamas wa Awlatos", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Mamas wa Awlatos alikuwa Mkristo aliyefia dini yake katika karne ya 4.\n \nTangu kale anaheshimiwa kama mtakatifu mfiadini.\n\nSikukuu yake huadhimishwa tarehe 17 Septemba.\n\nTazama pia\nWatakatifu wa Agano la Kale\nOrodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo\nOrodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika\nOrodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko\n\nTanbihi\n\nViungo vya nje\n http://www.stmichaeleoc.org/Synaxarium/Meskerem_05.htm\n\nWafiadini Wakristo\nWatakatifu wa Misri", "role": "assistant" } ]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phasmahyla	Phasmahyla is a genus of tree frogs. They are commonly known as shining leaf frogs. Species The following species are recognised in the genus Phasmahyla: References Phyllomedusinae Amphibian genera	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phasmahyla", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Phasmahyla is a genus of tree frogs. They are commonly known as shining leaf frogs.\n\nSpecies \nThe following species are recognised in the genus Phasmahyla:\n\nReferences\n\n \nPhyllomedusinae\nAmphibian genera", "role": "assistant" } ]
Colui	ni mji uliopo kusini mwa nchi ya Angola katika mkoa wa Huíla. Mwaka 2009 idadi ya wakazi ilikuwa 5,093. Tazama pia Orodha ya miji ya Angola Marejeo Miji ya Angola Huila	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Colui", "role": "user" }, { "content": "ni mji uliopo kusini mwa nchi ya Angola katika mkoa wa Huíla. \n\nMwaka 2009 idadi ya wakazi ilikuwa 5,093.\n\nTazama pia\n Orodha ya miji ya Angola\n\nMarejeo\n\nMiji ya Angola\nHuila", "role": "assistant" } ]
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1283%20KK	Makala hii inahusu mwaka 1283 KK (kabla ya Kristo). Matukio Waliozaliwa Waliofariki Karne ya 13 KK	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1283%20KK", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Makala hii inahusu mwaka 1283 KK (kabla ya Kristo).\n\nMatukio\n\nWaliozaliwa\n\nWaliofariki \n\nKarne ya 13 KK", "role": "assistant" } ]
Polydamas	Polydamas or Poludamas (Greek: Πολυδάμας), feminine Polydama or Polydamna, may refer to: Polydamas (mythology), Trojan hero Polydamas of Skotoussa, Thessalian wrestler 5th century BC Polydamas of Pharsalus, Thessalian statesman 4th century BC Polydamas of Macedon, general 4th century BC Battus polydamas, butterfly species Polydamna, wife of Thon	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Polydamas", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Polydamas or Poludamas (Greek: Πολυδάμας), feminine Polydama or Polydamna, may refer to:\n\nPolydamas (mythology), Trojan hero\nPolydamas of Skotoussa, Thessalian wrestler 5th century BC\nPolydamas of Pharsalus, Thessalian statesman 4th century BC\nPolydamas of Macedon, general 4th century BC\nBattus polydamas, butterfly species\n Polydamna, wife of Thon", "role": "assistant" } ]
Mchangani (Zanzibar mjini)	Kwa matumizi mengine ya jina hili tazama hapa Mchangani ni kata ndani ya Jiji la Zanzibar katika Mkoa wa Mjini Magharibi Unguja, Tanzania. Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mwaka wa 2002, kata ina wakazi wapatao 2,296 waishio humo. Marejeo Mkoa wa Mjini Magharibi Unguja Wilaya ya Mjini Unguja	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Mchangani (Zanzibar mjini)", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Kwa matumizi mengine ya jina hili tazama hapa\n\nMchangani ni kata ndani ya Jiji la Zanzibar katika Mkoa wa Mjini Magharibi Unguja, Tanzania. Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mwaka wa 2002, kata ina wakazi wapatao 2,296 waishio humo.\n\nMarejeo\n\nMkoa wa Mjini Magharibi Unguja\nWilaya ya Mjini Unguja", "role": "assistant" } ]
1799	Makala hii inahusu mwaka 1799 BK (Baada ya Kristo). Matukio 9 Novemba - Napoleon Bonaparte anapindua serikali ya Ufaransa. Waliozaliwa 6 Juni - Aleksander Pushkin, mwandishi kutoka Urusi Waliofariki 29 Agosti - Papa Pius VI 14 Desemba - George Washington, Rais wa kwanza wa Marekani Karne ya 18	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "1799", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Makala hii inahusu mwaka 1799 BK (Baada ya Kristo).\n\nMatukio \n 9 Novemba - Napoleon Bonaparte anapindua serikali ya Ufaransa.\n\nWaliozaliwa \n\n 6 Juni - Aleksander Pushkin, mwandishi kutoka Urusi\n\nWaliofariki \n 29 Agosti - Papa Pius VI\n 14 Desemba - George Washington, Rais wa kwanza wa Marekani\n\nKarne ya 18", "role": "assistant" } ]
Mto Ngorbop	unapatikana katika kaunti ya Narok, magharibi mwa Kenya. Maji yake yanaishia katika mto Naili na hatimaye katika Bahari ya Kati. Tazama pia Mito ya Kenya Orodha ya mito ya kaunti ya Narok Tanbihi Viungo vya nje Geonames.org Mito ya Kenya Kaunti ya Narok Nile Mediteranea	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Mto Ngorbop", "role": "user" }, { "content": "unapatikana katika kaunti ya Narok, magharibi mwa Kenya.\n\nMaji yake yanaishia katika mto Naili na hatimaye katika Bahari ya Kati.\n\nTazama pia\n Mito ya Kenya\n Orodha ya mito ya kaunti ya Narok\n\nTanbihi\n\nViungo vya nje\n Geonames.org\n\nMito ya Kenya\nKaunti ya Narok\nNile\nMediteranea", "role": "assistant" } ]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrafugia	Terrafugia () is a Chinese-owned corporation, based in Woburn, Massachusetts, United States that is developing a roadable aircraft called the Transition and a flying car called the TF-X. The Transition and TF-X are designed to be able to fold their wings, enabling the vehicles to also operate as street-legal road vehicles. In January 2021, Terrafugia announced that the Transition received a Special Light-Sport Aircraft (LSA) airworthiness certificate from the FAA for the Transition to be flown only, with road use approval to follow in 2022. In February 2021 the company had laid off the majority of its employees, planned to close its US operations and re-establish in China. Founding and financial history Terrafugia was founded by graduates of the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and graduates of the MIT Sloan School of Management. Their team and business plan was the runner-up for the 2006 MIT $100K Entrepreneurship Competition. Terrafugia was then incorporated May 1, 2006, with much of the initial funding coming from CEO and founder Carl Dietrich's US$30,000 Lemelson-MIT Student Prize. The first round of convertible note financing began at EAA AirVenture Oshkosh 2006 and closed December 21, 2006, raising US$258,215. Five additional rounds of convertible note financing followed. The first round of equity financing closed in 2008 and raised US$1,531,323. Another round of equity financing was initially planned for 2009; the second and third rounds of equity financing raised US$2,037,680 in May, 2010 and US$960,418 in Dec, 2010. Another equity offering of US$3.5 million was reported in May, 2012 of which $1,020,369 had been sold. In October 2008, Terrafugia reported seeking reservations for airframe number 57 representing an order book of more than US$8 million. In March 2009, the company had received fewer than 35 aircraft reservations, but by September 2009, they had doubled that to 70; , 100 reservations were on deposit representing potential revenues above US$25 million. In July 2017 the company was purchased by the Zhejiang Geely Holding Group, a Chinese corporate conglomerate that also owns the Volvo and Lotus Cars automobile companies, with the purchase finalized in November 2017. The company started 2017 with 20 employees and hired 75 more people during the year. It planned to hire an additional 50 people by December 2018. During that period the company increased the staffing levels at its Woburn, Massachusetts, headquarters, expanding the work force in engineering, accounting, human resources, marketing and also operations. A new research and development division was also established in Petaluma, California, intended to undertake all future engineering tasks. In September, 2018, Terrafugia replaced Carl Dietrich as CEO with Chris Jaran. Dietrich remained in the CTO position. In April 2019, the company replaced CEO Chris Jaran with Chao Jing. Huaibing Wang became CFO. Dietrich announced his departure from Terrafugia at the same time. In February 2021 the company had reportedly laid off 80-100 of its employees, a majority of the people who worked there. The company planned shutdown its US operations and re-establish in China. Transition roadable aircraft Terrafugia originally expected initial deliveries of the Transition light sport aircraft in 2015 or 2016. The estimated purchase price was originally announced as US$194,000 and was increased to US$279,000 . As a light sport aircraft, the pilot will be required to hold a Sport Pilot or higher certificate, which requires a minimum of 20 hours of dual instruction to obtain, as well as passing an FAA oral and practical examination. Owners will be able to drive amidst normal street traffic from their garage to an airport where the wings can be deployed for take-off and flight within a range of . It will carry two people plus luggage and will operate on a single tank of premium unleaded gas. The design of the production version was made public at AirVenture Oshkosh on 26 July 2010 and no longer included a front canard. The Transition Proof-of-Concept's maiden flight on 5 March 2009 lasted 37 seconds and covered of the runway at the Plattsburgh International Airport. The test pilot then conducted 6 additional takeoffs and landings. In June 2010, the FAA granted Terrafugia an exemption for the Transition's extra takeoff weight. The added weight accommodates the Transition's road safety features, which is needed to comply with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. On June 29, 2011, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration also granted exemptions allowing the Transition to use a polycarbonate windshield, to use tires suited for highway and aircraft use but not typically certified for multi-purpose vehicle use, to not include an electronic stability control system that could inadvertently cut engine power during flight, and finally, to use regular instead of advanced airbag deployment. After undergoing drive tests and high-speed taxi tests, the production prototype completed its first flight on March 23, 2012 at Plattsburgh, New York. The production prototype then made its auto show debut at the 2012 New York International Auto Show in April, 2012. In June, 2012, Terrafugia announced that the Transition had completed the first of six phases of flight testing. By July, the second phase of testing was underway, expanding the performance envelope in the sky and continuing drive testing on the ground. The company's next-generation concept, the TF-2, is an aircraft that would have carried both cargo and passenger loads. DARPA Transformer (TX) Project Transformer (TX) is a DARPA US$65m, five year, three phase program intended to develop a 'flying Humvee'. A Phase 1 proposal from AAI Corporation was awarded a US$3m contract in September, 2010 and incorporates deployable surfaces technology from subcontractor Terrafugia. Terrafugia TF-X On May 7, 2013, Terrafugia announced the successor of Transition, called the TF-X. TF-X is a plug-in hybrid tilt-rotor vehicle and would be the first fully autonomous flying car. It would have a range of per flight and batteries are rechargeable by the engine. It was expected to hit the market at least six years after Transition (2023). References External links Terrafugia official website Aircraft manufacturers of the United States Car manufacturers of the United States Companies based in Massachusetts Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2006 Roadable aircraft	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrafugia", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Terrafugia () is a Chinese-owned corporation, based in Woburn, Massachusetts, United States that is developing a roadable aircraft called the Transition and a flying car called the TF-X. The Transition and TF-X are designed to be able to fold their wings, enabling the vehicles to also operate as street-legal road vehicles.\n\nIn January 2021, Terrafugia announced that the Transition received a Special Light-Sport Aircraft (LSA) airworthiness certificate from the FAA for the Transition to be flown only, with road use approval to follow in 2022.\n\nIn February 2021 the company had laid off the majority of its employees, planned to close its US operations and re-establish in China.\n\nFounding and financial history\nTerrafugia was founded by graduates of the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and graduates of the MIT Sloan School of Management. Their team and business plan was the runner-up for the 2006 MIT $100K Entrepreneurship Competition. Terrafugia was then incorporated May 1, 2006, with much of the initial funding coming from CEO and founder Carl Dietrich's US$30,000 Lemelson-MIT Student Prize. The first round of convertible note financing began at EAA AirVenture Oshkosh 2006 and closed December 21, 2006, raising US$258,215. Five additional rounds of convertible note financing followed. The first round of equity financing closed in 2008 and raised US$1,531,323. Another round of equity financing was initially planned for 2009; the second and third rounds of equity financing raised US$2,037,680 in May, 2010 and US$960,418 in Dec, 2010. Another equity offering of US$3.5 million was reported in May, 2012 of which $1,020,369 had been sold. In October 2008, Terrafugia reported seeking reservations for airframe number 57 representing an order book of more than US$8 million. In March 2009, the company had received fewer than 35 aircraft reservations, but by September 2009, they had doubled that to 70; , 100 reservations were on deposit representing potential revenues above US$25 million.\n\nIn July 2017 the company was purchased by the Zhejiang Geely Holding Group, a Chinese corporate conglomerate that also owns the Volvo and Lotus Cars automobile companies, with the purchase finalized in November 2017.\n\nThe company started 2017 with 20 employees and hired 75 more people during the year. It planned to hire an additional 50 people by December 2018. During that period the company increased the staffing levels at its Woburn, Massachusetts, headquarters, expanding the work force in engineering, accounting, human resources, marketing and also operations. A new research and development division was also established in Petaluma, California, intended to undertake all future engineering tasks.\n\nIn September, 2018, Terrafugia replaced Carl Dietrich as CEO with Chris Jaran. Dietrich remained in the CTO position. In April 2019, the company replaced CEO Chris Jaran with Chao Jing. Huaibing Wang became CFO. Dietrich announced his departure from Terrafugia at the same time.\n\nIn February 2021 the company had reportedly laid off 80-100 of its employees, a majority of the people who worked there. The company planned shutdown its US operations and re-establish in China.\n\nTransition roadable aircraft\n\nTerrafugia originally expected initial deliveries of the Transition light sport aircraft in 2015 or 2016. The estimated purchase price was originally announced as US$194,000 and was increased to US$279,000 . As a light sport aircraft, the pilot will be required to hold a Sport Pilot or higher certificate, which requires a minimum of 20 hours of dual instruction to obtain, as well as passing an FAA oral and practical examination. Owners will be able to drive amidst normal street traffic from their garage to an airport where the wings can be deployed for take-off and flight within a range of . It will carry two people plus luggage and will operate on a single tank of premium unleaded gas. The design of the production version was made public at AirVenture Oshkosh on 26 July 2010 and no longer included a front canard.\n\nThe Transition Proof-of-Concept's maiden flight on 5 March 2009 lasted 37 seconds and covered of the runway at the Plattsburgh International Airport. The test pilot then conducted 6 additional takeoffs and landings.\n\nIn June 2010, the FAA granted Terrafugia an exemption for the Transition's extra takeoff weight. The added weight accommodates the Transition's road safety features, which is needed to comply with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. On June 29, 2011, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration also granted exemptions allowing the Transition to use a polycarbonate windshield, to use tires suited for highway and aircraft use but not typically certified for multi-purpose vehicle use, to not include an electronic stability control system that could inadvertently cut engine power during flight, and finally, to use regular instead of advanced airbag deployment.\n\nAfter undergoing drive tests and high-speed taxi tests, the production prototype completed its first flight on March 23, 2012 at Plattsburgh, New York.\nThe production prototype then made its auto show debut at the 2012 New York International Auto Show in April, 2012. \nIn June, 2012, Terrafugia announced that the Transition had completed the first of six phases of flight testing.\nBy July, the second phase of testing was underway, expanding the performance envelope in the sky and continuing drive testing on the ground.\n\nThe company's next-generation concept, the TF-2, is an aircraft that would have carried both cargo and passenger loads.\n\nDARPA Transformer (TX) Project\n\nTransformer (TX) is a DARPA US$65m, five year, three phase program intended to develop a 'flying Humvee'. A Phase 1 proposal from AAI Corporation was awarded a US$3m contract in September, 2010 and incorporates deployable surfaces technology from subcontractor Terrafugia.\n\nTerrafugia TF-X\n\nOn May 7, 2013, Terrafugia announced the successor of Transition, called the TF-X. TF-X is a plug-in hybrid tilt-rotor vehicle and would be the first fully autonomous flying car. It would have a range of per flight and batteries are rechargeable by the engine. It was expected to hit the market at least six years after Transition (2023).\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Terrafugia official website\n\nAircraft manufacturers of the United States\nCar manufacturers of the United States\nCompanies based in Massachusetts\nVehicle manufacturing companies established in 2006\nRoadable aircraft", "role": "assistant" } ]
Gemerek	Gemerek is a town in Sivas Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Gemerek District. Its population is 10,195 (2022). The mayor is Remzi Kılıçdağı (AKP). References Populated places in Gemerek District District municipalities in Turkey	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Gemerek", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Gemerek is a town in Sivas Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Gemerek District. Its population is 10,195 (2022). The mayor is Remzi Kılıçdağı (AKP).\n\nReferences\n\nPopulated places in Gemerek District\nDistrict municipalities in Turkey", "role": "assistant" } ]
Ranjan Das	Bikash Ranjan Das () is a Bangladeshi cricketer, who played in one Test match for the country in year 2000. Das was born on July 14, 1982, in Dhaka. He converted to Islam and changed his name to Mahmudur Rahman Rana. References 1982 births Living people Bangladesh Test cricketers 20th-century Bangladeshi cricketers 21st-century Bangladeshi cricketers Dhaka Division cricketers Barisal Division cricketers Cricketers from Dhaka	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "Ranjan Das", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Bikash Ranjan Das () is a Bangladeshi cricketer, who played in one Test match for the country in year 2000. Das was born on July 14, 1982, in Dhaka.\n\nHe converted to Islam and changed his name to Mahmudur Rahman Rana.\n\nReferences\n\n1982 births\nLiving people\nBangladesh Test cricketers\n20th-century Bangladeshi cricketers\n21st-century Bangladeshi cricketers\nDhaka Division cricketers\nBarisal Division cricketers\nCricketers from Dhaka", "role": "assistant" } ]
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbie%20Jansen	Robert Edward Jansen (5 Agosti 1949 – 7 Julai 2010) alikuwa mwanamuziki wa Afrika Kusini. Alizaliwa Cape Town, Afrika Kusini. Wasifu Jansen alianza kazi yake katika bendi ya pop The Rockets. Ala za kwanza alizocheza ni concertina na ogani ya kinywa. Repertoire ya bendi za kwanza alizocheza nazo zilijumuisha pop ya Uingereza ya enzi ya hippie. Lakini baada ya safari ya London, ambayo ilikuwa sehemu ya tuzo katika shindano la bendi, aligundua muziki wa watu weusi kutoka Marekani na hasa makundi yenye sehemu za shaba na akaamua alitaka kuwa mpiga ala za shaba. Bendi za ala za shaba hazikuwa mpya kwake kwani baba yake alihusishwa na bendi za Jeshi la Wokovu, lakini Jansen alichagua roki na jazz. Alicheza katika sehemu ya shaba ya kundi la jazz-rock la Cape Town The Pacific Express. Kuanzia hapo alianza kazi ya peke yake kama mwimbaji na saxophonist. Utambulisho wake wa kwanza nchini Afrika Kusini ulikuwa kama mwanachama wa kikundi cha Chapa ya Dola. Yeye na mpiga saksafoni Basil Coetzee walitembelea na kurekodi na Brand kwenye vipindi vya Mannenberg. Baadaye alirekodi na Brand, anayejulikana pia kama Abdullah Ibrahim, kwenye miradi mingine. Kazi yake na Brand na Coetzee katika miaka ya 1970 ilimtambulisha kwa hadhira ya jazz, na akawa mtu mashuhuri katika Cape Jazz. Alitia saini na Mountain Records na alikuwa muhimu katika kuhimiza kampuni ya rekodi kukusanya kazi kutoka kwenye kumbukumbu zao ili kutoa albamu ya kwanza ya uhakika ya mkusanyiko wa Cape Jazz. Wawili wawili wa Afrika Kusini Johnny Clegg na Sipho Mchunu walimkodisha Jansen kucheza filimbi na saxophone kwenye albamu ya kwanza ya Juluka, Universal Men. Jansen alijiunga na bendi kwa ajili ya albamu zao mbili zilizofuata, lakini aliondoka kati ya African Litany na Ubuhle Bemvelo ili kuendelea na kazi yake ya peke yake. Mnamo 2006 albamu yake Nomad Jez ilifika fainali kwa Tuzo ya Muziki ya Afrika Kusini kama albamu bora ya mwaka ya jazz. Alirekodi albamu nyingine mbili za solo: Vastrap Island na The Cape Doctor (pamoja na kundi lake, The Sons of Table Mountain). Albamu hizo zilitolewa na Patrick Lee-Thorp. Usimamizi wa lebo ya lebo yake ya rekodi, unamshukuru Jansen kwa chimbuko la maelezo ya mtindo wa Jazz unaochezwa katika eneo la Cape Town kama Cape Jazz. Yeye na mchezaji mwenzake wa saksafoni, Basil Coetzee walitumia maelezo haya ya muziki katika rekodi zao za awali. Jansen alikuwa hospitalini baada ya kuugua Julai 2005. Serikali ya mkoa wa Cape Magharibi ilikidhi bili zake za matibabu kwani hakuwa na bima ya matibabu. Alipendwa sana na Wacapitoni na aliporudi kutumbuiza, kwa kawaida akiwa na bendi yake ya Sons of the Table Mountain, siku zote alikutana na mapenzi, upendo, na heshima. Pigo kwa kazi yake lilikuja Machi 2007 wakati madaktari wake waliposema kwamba hangeweza tena kusafiri umbali mrefu kwa ndege kutokana na hali yake ya kupumua. Hii ililazimisha kughairiwa kwa ziara yake ya 2007 Ulaya na kukomesha maonyesho yake ya kimataifa. Alianguka alipokuwa kwenye ziara huko Grahamstown mwaka wa 2010 wakati kipumuaji chake kilipofanya kazi vibaya. Alikufa hospitalini huko Cape Town mnamo Julai 2010 akiwa na umri wa miaka 61. Mabishano Mnamo mwaka wa 2006, gazeti la jamii la Media24, People's Post, lilikataa kuchapisha mahojiano yaliyofanywa na Jansen, ikitoa mfano wa ukosoaji wake wa SAMA ya mwaka huo. Mahojiano hayo, kwa mujibu wa karatasi zilizowasilishwa katika Mahakama ya Kazi ya Afrika Kusini, hayakufaa kuchapishwa katika gazeti la familia. "Maoni ya Bw Jansen yana utata sana kuweza kuchapishwa katika gazeti la jamii linalolenga hadhira ya familia." Mhariri wa People's Post wakati huo pia alitaja sifa ya Jansen kama mnywaji pombe na mpenda vilabu vya usiku mara kwa mara. Mwandishi wa habari aliyefanya mahojiano alileta kesi ya madai dhidi ya shirika hilo. Diskografia Vastrap Island (Mlimani, 1996) The Cape Doctor (Mountain, 2000) Nomad Jez (Mlimani, 2005) Marejeo Viungo vya nje Robbie Jansen "Robbie Jansen na Wana wa Table Mountain" Kagua Yote Kuhusu Jazz "The Guardian" "SA Hiustory.org" Waliozaliwa 1949 Waliofariki 2010 Wanamuziki wa Afrika Kusini	[ { "content": "Given this input , return the associated information ie: the wiipedia entry : \n", "role": "system" }, { "content": "https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbie%20Jansen", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Robert Edward Jansen (5 Agosti 1949 – 7 Julai 2010) alikuwa mwanamuziki wa Afrika Kusini. Alizaliwa Cape Town, Afrika Kusini.\n\nWasifu\nJansen alianza kazi yake katika bendi ya pop The Rockets. Ala za kwanza alizocheza ni concertina na ogani ya kinywa. Repertoire ya bendi za kwanza alizocheza nazo zilijumuisha pop ya Uingereza ya enzi ya hippie. Lakini baada ya safari ya London, ambayo ilikuwa sehemu ya tuzo katika shindano la bendi, aligundua muziki wa watu weusi kutoka Marekani na hasa makundi yenye sehemu za shaba na akaamua alitaka kuwa mpiga ala za shaba. Bendi za ala za shaba hazikuwa mpya kwake kwani baba yake alihusishwa na bendi za Jeshi la Wokovu, lakini Jansen alichagua roki na jazz. Alicheza katika sehemu ya shaba ya kundi la jazz-rock la Cape Town The Pacific Express. Kuanzia hapo alianza kazi ya peke yake kama mwimbaji na saxophonist.\n\nUtambulisho wake wa kwanza nchini Afrika Kusini ulikuwa kama mwanachama wa kikundi cha Chapa ya Dola. Yeye na mpiga saksafoni Basil Coetzee walitembelea na kurekodi na Brand kwenye vipindi vya Mannenberg. Baadaye alirekodi na Brand, anayejulikana pia kama Abdullah Ibrahim, kwenye miradi mingine. Kazi yake na Brand na Coetzee katika miaka ya 1970 ilimtambulisha kwa hadhira ya jazz, na akawa mtu mashuhuri katika Cape Jazz. Alitia saini na Mountain Records na alikuwa muhimu katika kuhimiza kampuni ya rekodi kukusanya kazi kutoka kwenye kumbukumbu zao ili kutoa albamu ya kwanza ya uhakika ya mkusanyiko wa Cape Jazz.\n\nWawili wawili wa Afrika Kusini Johnny Clegg na Sipho Mchunu walimkodisha Jansen kucheza filimbi na saxophone kwenye albamu ya kwanza ya Juluka, Universal Men. Jansen alijiunga na bendi kwa ajili ya albamu zao mbili zilizofuata, lakini aliondoka kati ya African Litany na Ubuhle Bemvelo ili kuendelea na kazi yake ya peke yake.\n\nMnamo 2006 albamu yake Nomad Jez ilifika fainali kwa Tuzo ya Muziki ya Afrika Kusini kama albamu bora ya mwaka ya jazz. Alirekodi albamu nyingine mbili za solo: Vastrap Island na The Cape Doctor (pamoja na kundi lake, The Sons of Table Mountain). Albamu hizo zilitolewa na Patrick Lee-Thorp.\n\nUsimamizi wa lebo ya lebo yake ya rekodi, unamshukuru Jansen kwa chimbuko la maelezo ya mtindo wa Jazz unaochezwa katika eneo la Cape Town kama Cape Jazz. Yeye na mchezaji mwenzake wa saksafoni, Basil Coetzee walitumia maelezo haya ya muziki katika rekodi zao za awali.\n\nJansen alikuwa hospitalini baada ya kuugua Julai 2005. Serikali ya mkoa wa Cape Magharibi ilikidhi bili zake za matibabu kwani hakuwa na bima ya matibabu. Alipendwa sana na Wacapitoni na aliporudi kutumbuiza, kwa kawaida akiwa na bendi yake ya Sons of the Table Mountain, siku zote alikutana na mapenzi, upendo, na heshima.\n\nPigo kwa kazi yake lilikuja Machi 2007 wakati madaktari wake waliposema kwamba hangeweza tena kusafiri umbali mrefu kwa ndege kutokana na hali yake ya kupumua. Hii ililazimisha kughairiwa kwa ziara yake ya 2007 Ulaya na kukomesha maonyesho yake ya kimataifa. Alianguka alipokuwa kwenye ziara huko Grahamstown mwaka wa 2010 wakati kipumuaji chake kilipofanya kazi vibaya. Alikufa hospitalini huko Cape Town mnamo Julai 2010 akiwa na umri wa miaka 61.\n\nMabishano\nMnamo mwaka wa 2006, gazeti la jamii la Media24, People's Post, lilikataa kuchapisha mahojiano yaliyofanywa na Jansen, ikitoa mfano wa ukosoaji wake wa SAMA ya mwaka huo. Mahojiano hayo, kwa mujibu wa karatasi zilizowasilishwa katika Mahakama ya Kazi ya Afrika Kusini, hayakufaa kuchapishwa katika gazeti la familia. \"Maoni ya Bw Jansen yana utata sana kuweza kuchapishwa katika gazeti la jamii linalolenga hadhira ya familia.\" Mhariri wa People's Post wakati huo pia alitaja sifa ya Jansen kama mnywaji pombe na mpenda vilabu vya usiku mara kwa mara. Mwandishi wa habari aliyefanya mahojiano alileta kesi ya madai dhidi ya shirika hilo.\n\nDiskografia\nVastrap Island (Mlimani, 1996)\n The Cape Doctor (Mountain, 2000)\n Nomad Jez (Mlimani, 2005)\n\nMarejeo\n\nViungo vya nje\n Robbie Jansen \n \"Robbie Jansen na Wana wa Table Mountain\"\n Kagua Yote Kuhusu Jazz\n \"The Guardian\"\n \"SA Hiustory.org\"\n\nWaliozaliwa 1949\nWaliofariki 2010\nWanamuziki wa Afrika Kusini", "role": "assistant" } ]