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} | ['gnd:4705961-8', 'gnd:4047990-0'] | ['Quantenoptik', 'Quanteninformatik'] | ['phy'] | ['Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)'] | [['(firstid)GBV:798285168', '(ppn)798285168', '(isbn13)9784431550181']] | ['Springer Japan'] | [['Quantum theory', '(classificationName=ddc)535.15', '(classificationName=msc)81P45', '(classificationName=bk, id=106407449)33.38 - Quantenoptik, nichtlineare Optik', '(classificationName=msc)*81-02', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)phy', '(classificationName=loc)QA76.889', 'Quantum computing', '(classificationName=bk, id=106407910)33.23 - Quantenphysik']] | ['Multi-Step multi-input one-way quantum information processing with spatial and temporal modes of light'] | ['In this thesis, the author develops for the first time an implementation methodology for arbitrary Gaussian operations using temporal-mode cluster states. The author also presents three experiments involving continuous-variable one-way quantum computations, where their non-classical nature is shown by observing entanglement at the outputs. The experimental basic structure of one-way quantum computation over two-mode input state is demonstrated by the controlled-Z gate and the optimum nonlocal gate experiments. Furthermore, the author proves that the operation can be controlled by the gain-tunable entangling gate experiment'] | ['2015'] | ['http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-1/en'] | ['commercial licence'] | [[{'@id': 'gnd:4705961-8'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4047990-0'}]] | ['gnd:4047990-0', 'gnd:4705961-8', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A798285168'] | ['Quantenoptik', 'Quanteninformatik'] | 22 |
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"Due to the various types of waste disposal, treatment, utilization and technologies, decision support model for waste management is needed to assist planners and decision makers in finding most suitable way to manage municipal solid waste efficiently. Many planners and decision makers in the area of municipal solid waste have a lack of thorough understanding of the complex chains of waste management system. Therefore the impact for the environment quality and the public health can only be judged at the rudimentary level. However, most existing models are primarily focusing on cost or environmental analysis. Only few consider other crucial factors such as the demographic condition, the characteristics of urban form and urban infrastructure, land transformation aspects due to urban development. Consequently, such models often meet difficulties to cope with cultural requirement. Based on those reasons, a decision support model to set up alternatives of most appropriate technology for sustainable waste management towards a low carbon eco-city on a regional basis is developed in this PhD study. The Low Carbon- and Eco-Region, in particular the contribution of waste management sector, is a vision of living in low rate of carbon generation, using fewer natural resources, and encouraging energy recovery and/or waste reduction at source by improving the used material quality (up-cycling). This decision support model is constructed mainly based on the cultural requirement and local context of a region and synergize the geographic, environmental, social capital and economics aspects in order to fulfill the needs of the respective region and its society. The method employed in this model is not solely a new developed model, but also an advanced model in material flow analysis (STAN), and life cycle assessment on solid waste system (EASEWASTE) and Geographic Information System (GIS). At the same time the model also assists the stakeholders in improving the environmental quality and the public health by promoting waste separation at source and reducing the greenhouse gas emission potential from waste sector.",
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Hamburg-Harburg, Univ.-Bibl.'] | [['Abfallsektor', '(classificationName=ddc-dbn)624', 'Soziale Aspekte', 'Treibhausgasemissionen', '(classificationName=rvk)AR 21500', 'greenhouse gas emission', 'waste sector', 'geographic Information System (GIS)', 'social aspect', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)cet', 'decision support model', 'Geografischen Informationssystem (GIS)', '(classificationName=bk, id=106418831)58.53 - Abfallwirtschaft', 'Entscheidungshilfe-Modell', '(classificationName=ddc)363.7280959822', '(classificationName=ddc-dbn)620']] | ['A decision support model for waste management in support of developing low carbon, eco region : case studies of densely populated kampung setllements in urban areas in Jakarta'] | [['Due to the various types of waste disposal, treatment, utilization and technologies, decision support model for waste management is needed to assist planners and decision makers in finding most suitable way to manage municipal solid waste efficiently. Many planners and decision makers in the area of municipal solid waste have a lack of thorough understanding of the complex chains of waste management system. Therefore the impact for the environment quality and the public health can only be judged at the rudimentary level. However, most existing models are primarily focusing on cost or environmental analysis. Only few consider other crucial factors such as the demographic condition, the characteristics of urban form and urban infrastructure, land transformation aspects due to urban development. Consequently, such models often meet difficulties to cope with cultural requirement. Based on those reasons, a decision support model to set up alternatives of most appropriate technology for sustainable waste management towards a low carbon eco-city on a regional basis is developed in this PhD study. The Low Carbon- and Eco-Region, in particular the contribution of waste management sector, is a vision of living in low rate of carbon generation, using fewer natural resources, and encouraging energy recovery and/or waste reduction at source by improving the used material quality (up-cycling). This decision support model is constructed mainly based on the cultural requirement and local context of a region and synergize the geographic, environmental, social capital and economics aspects in order to fulfill the needs of the respective region and its society. The method employed in this model is not solely a new developed model, but also an advanced model in material flow analysis (STAN), and life cycle assessment on solid waste system (EASEWASTE) and Geographic Information System (GIS). At the same time the model also assists the stakeholders in improving the environmental quality and the public health by promoting waste separation at source and reducing the greenhouse gas emission potential from waste sector.', 'Aufgrund der vielfaltigen Techniken und Methoden der Abfall- Entsorgung, -Behandlung und -Wiederverwendung ist ein Entscheidungshilfe-Modell benötigt, um die Entwerfer und Entscheidungsträger bei der Suche nach der effektivsten Managementmethode der Kommunalabfälle zu unterstützen. Viele Planer und ET im Bereich der Kommunalabfall haben mangels vollständiger Kenntnisse über die komplizierten Abläufe des Kommunalabfallmanagementsystems, deswegen kann der Einfluss auf die Qualität der Umwelt und die allgemeine Gesundheit nur auf rudimentären Ebene gemessen werden. 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Die niedrig Kohlenstoff und Ökoregion, insbesondere die Beteiligung des Kommunalabfallmanagementsektors ist eine Vision um in einer niedrigen Kohlenstoff-Erzeugungsrate zu leben, weniger natürliche Ressourcen zu benutzen, und Zurückgewinnung von Energie zu fördern mit/ohne an der Quelle Abfallminimierung durch die Verbesserung der Qualität von angewendeten Materialien (up-cycling). Dieses Entscheidungshilfe-Modell ist hauptsächlich aufgebaut auf der Grundlage der kulturellen Bedürfnisse und dem lokalen Zusammenhang einer Region, es synergiert alle geografische, ökologische, soziale und wirtschaftliche Aspekte, um die Bedürfnisse der entsprechenden Region und derer Gesellschaft. Die in diesem Modell verwendete Methode ist nicht nur ein neu entwickeltes Modell, sondern auch ein fortschrittliches Modell, das mit der Materialflussanalyse (STAN), der Ökobilanz von Kommunalabfallsystemen (EASEWASTE) und dem Geografischen Informationssystem (GIS) entwickelt worden ist. Gleichzeitig unterstützt das Modell die Interessenvertreterin bei der Verbesserung der Qualität der Umwelt, und die allgemeine Gesundheit, durch die Förderung der an der Quelle gesteuerte Abfalltrennung, und Reduzierung des Potenzials an Treibhausgasemissionen aus dem Abfallsektor.']] | ['2013'] | ['http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-1/en'] | ['open access'] | [''] | ['gnd:1053012365', 'gnd:113967411', 'gnd:139575251', 'gnd:4511937-5', 'gnd:6060189-9', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A798942630'] | ['Candra Dewi, Ova', 'Körner, Ina', 'Schreurs, Miranda A.', 'Online-Ressource', 'Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Institut für Abwasserwirtschaft und Gewässerschutz'] | 4 |
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"title": "Erziehungskonzepte der Krippeneinrichtungen der DDR : eine vergleichende Analyse unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung des Verh\u00e4ltnisses von Selbst\u00e4ndigkeit und p\u00e4dagogischer Anleitung",
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Our community garden has also shown itself to be an important platform for the exchange of knowledge on organic gardening, ecology in everyday life, and critical architecture, as well as serving to connect related initiatives. Together with these other initiatives we are stronger, and are influencing structural changes within city politics, thereby also co-creating the future of Ljubljana. This community garden is helping us to redefine our relationship with the city and re-awaken the desires and actions of residents connected with realising their fundamental right, the right to the city. My other artworks, which I am presenting in the context of this doctoral thesis, show an optimistic vision for the future of cities. The video animations Back to the City (2011) and The Right Balance (2013), as well as the accompanying collages, visualise a city of the future where urban and rural practices live together side-by-side. This vision is being realised by city residents themselves, with their active participation in the creation of community gardens, growing their own vegetables, urban beekeeping, and by having egg-laying hens in their gardens. My desire was also to present the theoretical concept and scientific research to a non-academic public, and to people without specialised training. Using the method of storytelling I included knowledge from the research into the video animations and collages. In this way my artistic work, with an intentional playfulness, challenges today\u2019s faith in science and theoretical concepts, as well as directing attention to working with common sense, with one\u2019s own hands, and with the earth. This can contribute to a change in the still dominant anthropocentric view of nature, which is an urgently needed change for our future. Keywords: rural, urban agriculture, community gardens, urban beekeeping, the bottom-up approach to urban planning, alternative spaces",
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The main goal was to show that it is necessary to bring agriculture, urban gardening, the breeding of domestic farm animals, and beekeeping back to the city, which would have a positive affect on both the city and the countryside. All of this is already taking place at the local level, within the neighbourhoods of our cities and through the work of self-organised activities and initiatives, which have been taken up by city residents themselves. One example of this is the community garden, a new model of gardening which offers fertile ground for growing vegetables and to test various forms of co-existence, different ways of designing spaces, the creation of alternative values, and a positive vision for the future of city residents. In 2010, I co-created the community urban garden Beyond a Construction Site, which is the central part of this artistic research. Throughout the entire four-year process of creating this community garden, theory and artistic practice were intertwined, and informed one another. This community garden is an example of a self-organised and self-managed community space located in a residential neighbourhood in the centre of the city of Ljubljana, and as such is a typical example of urbanism from the bottom up. I placed the creation and development of our community garden in a dialogue with the formal way of arranging urban gardening in Ljubljana, a top-down approach, which the city has been carrying out intensively since 2007. I compared the solutions being proposed by the city of Ljubljana for organising urban gardening with the way it is organised in other European cities, the UK, and the USA. I also researched the recent rapid growth of self-organised initiatives which are focused on the local production of food and seek to find more economic and ecologically friendly models to visibly influence the future of cities and the countryside. Here, community gardens play an important role, as in addition to the production of food they are also spaces for the criticism of existing urban policies, a self-organised revitalisation of neglected spaces, and places of resilience, because they differ from that which real estate agencies, large financial companies, and city authorities desire them to be. The community garden Beyond a Construction Site has become living proof that, through a group action, the residents of a neighbourhood can influence existing city policies and the future of both their own neighbourhood and that of the entire city. The initiators of this garden are artists and architects, and we began this community garden in the context of an art festival, which also shows that art can influence the processes of everyday life and help to create much needed spaces within cities to serve various purposes. Our community garden has also shown itself to be an important platform for the exchange of knowledge on organic gardening, ecology in everyday life, and critical architecture, as well as serving to connect related initiatives. Together with these other initiatives we are stronger, and are influencing structural changes within city politics, thereby also co-creating the future of Ljubljana. This community garden is helping us to redefine our relationship with the city and re-awaken the desires and actions of residents connected with realising their fundamental right, the right to the city. My other artworks, which I am presenting in the context of this doctoral thesis, show an optimistic vision for the future of cities. The video animations Back to the City (2011) and The Right Balance (2013), as well as the accompanying collages, visualise a city of the future where urban and rural practices live together side-by-side. This vision is being realised by city residents themselves, with their active participation in the creation of community gardens, growing their own vegetables, urban beekeeping, and by having egg-laying hens in their gardens. My desire was also to present the theoretical concept and scientific research to a non-academic public, and to people without specialised training. Using the method of storytelling I included knowledge from the research into the video animations and collages. In this way my artistic work, with an intentional playfulness, challenges today’s faith in science and theoretical concepts, as well as directing attention to working with common sense, with one’s own hands, and with the earth. This can contribute to a change in the still dominant anthropocentric view of nature, which is an urgently needed change for our future. Keywords: rural, urban agriculture, community gardens, urban beekeeping, the bottom-up approach to urban planning, alternative spaces'] | ['2015'] | ['http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-1/en'] | ['open access'] | [[{'@id': 'gnd:4356599-2'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4019286-6'}]] | ['gnd:101862130X', 'gnd:120164949', 'gnd:124807003', 'gnd:4019286-6', 'gnd:4073953-3', 'gnd:4356599-2', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A827012632'] | ['Lovšin, Polonca', 'Hinterberger, Norbert W.', 'Eckardt, Frank', 'Garten', 'Ljubljana', 'Gemeinschaftliche Nutzung'] | 0 |
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Polyaddition reactions of purified limonene dicarbonate were in the focus to make isocyanate-free linear high molecular weight polyurethanes, polyurethane networks and coatings accessible by the use of CO2.Together with the group of Prof. Mecking biobased α, ω-oligoethylene diesters with variable and crystallizable hydrocarbon segments were obtained by transesterification of fats with methanol and subsequent isomerizing alkoxycarbonylation in one step and successfully used in the polyester synthesis. These bio-based materials combine typical properties of polyethylene and polyesters. For the first time, high molecular weight and readily processable homo- and copolyesters became accessible by polycondensation with diols. It was possible to control their material properties by the oligo ethylene segment length. The polyethylene-like polyesters were obtained with melting temperatures above 100 °C, Young´s modules up to 400 MPa and values for the elongation at break of about 600 %. Electrospun nonwovens made from polyester solutions were biocompatible, biodegradable and suitable for cell colonization which was investigated in cooperation with Prof. Shastri´s group. By melt compounding films and phase-separated blends with other polyesters and polyolefins have been made available. Already 5 wt% polyester blended with PLA was sufficient to reduce the hydrophilicity and to enhance the resistance to hydrolysis. Polyesters were loaded by melt compounding with dyes and its function as a carrier for the controlled release of dyes were demonstrated.As an alternative to polyester synthesis by polycondensation isocyanate-free reactive extrusion methods have been ...', 'Zusammenfassung: Durch die Nutzung von erneuerbaren Rohstoffen und Kohlendioxid wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit neuartige thermo- und duroplastische bio-basierte Werkstoffe synthetisiert und deren grundlegenden Struktur/Eigenschafts-Beziehungen aufgeklärt. Wichtiges Ziel war die Polykondensation von kristallisationsfähigen langkettigen Dicarbonsäureestern, zugänglich durch Alkoxycarbonylierung von ungesättigten Fettsäureestern, um polyethylenähnliche Polyester mit variablen Oligoethylensegmenten herzustellen und durch Spritzguss, Folienextrusion und Elektrospinnen zu verarbeiten. Als Alternative zur Polykondensation, die mehrere Stunden dauerte, wurden hochmolekulare Polyester, Polyharnstoffamide und Polyharnstoffesteramide auch durch Reaktionsextrusion innerhalb von Minuten durch isocyanatfreie Polyadditionsreaktionen in Polymerschmelzen gewonnen. Schwerpunkt bei den Duroplastsystemen und der Nutzung von Kohlendioxid waren Polyadditionsreaktionen von aufgereinigtem Limonendicarbonat, welche isocyanatfrei lineare hochmolekulare Polyurethane und Polyurethan-Netzwerke sowie Lacke zugänglich machten.Durch Umesterung von Fetten mit Methanol und anschließende isomerisierende Alkoxycarbonylierung wurden gemeinsam mit der Gruppe von Prof. Mecking in einem Schritt biobasierte α,ω-Oligoethylen-diester mit variablen und kristallisationsfähigen Kohlenwasserstoffsegmenten gewonnen und erfolgreich in der Polyestersynthese eingesetzt. Diese so erhaltenen bio-basierten Werkstoffe kombinierten die für Polyethylen und Polyester typischen Eigenschaften. Erstmals gelang es, hochmolekulare und gut verarbeitbare Homo- und Copolyester durch Polykondensationsreaktionen mit Diolen zugänglich zu machen und deren Materialeigenschaften über die Oligoethylensegmenlängen zu steuern. Es wurden polyethylenähnliche Polyester mit Schmelztemperaturen über 100 °C, E-Module um 400 MPa und Bruchdehnungen von über 600 % erhalten. Die durch Elektrospinnen von Polyesterlösungen erzeugten Polyestervliese waren biokompatibel, bioabbaubar und für die Zellbesiedelung geeignet, was in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gruppe um Prof. Shastri untersucht wurde. Durch Schmelzcompoundierung konnten Folien sowie phasenseparierte Blends mit anderen Polyestern und Polyolefinen zugänglich gemacht werden. Bereits 5 Gew.-% Polyester im Blend mit Polymilchsäure reichten aus, die Hydrophilie zu reduzieren und die Hydrolysebeständigkeit zu steigern. 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An important task was the polycondensation of crystallizable long-chain diesters which are accessible by alkoxycarbonylation of unsaturated fatty acid esters to produce polyethylene-like polyesters with variable oligo ethylene segments. The polyesters were processed by injection molding, film extrusion and electrospinning. As an alternative to polycondensation which needs several hours of reaction time high molecular weight polyesters, polyurea-amides and polyurea-ester-amides were obtained by reactive extrusion within minutes by isocyanate-free polyaddition reactions in polymer melts. Polyaddition reactions of purified limonene dicarbonate were in the focus to make isocyanate-free linear high molecular weight polyurethanes, polyurethane networks and coatings accessible by the use of CO2.Together with the group of Prof. Mecking biobased α, ω-oligoethylene diesters with variable and crystallizable hydrocarbon segments were obtained by transesterification of fats with methanol and subsequent isomerizing alkoxycarbonylation in one step and successfully used in the polyester synthesis. These bio-based materials combine typical properties of polyethylene and polyesters. For the first time, high molecular weight and readily processable homo- and copolyesters became accessible by polycondensation with diols. It was possible to control their material properties by the oligo ethylene segment length. The polyethylene-like polyesters were obtained with melting temperatures above 100 °C, Young´s modules up to 400 MPa and values for the elongation at break of about 600 %. Electrospun nonwovens made from polyester solutions were biocompatible, biodegradable and suitable for cell colonization which was investigated in cooperation with Prof. Shastri´s group. By melt compounding films and phase-separated blends with other polyesters and polyolefins have been made available. Already 5 wt% polyester blended with PLA was sufficient to reduce the hydrophilicity and to enhance the resistance to hydrolysis. Polyesters were loaded by melt compounding with dyes and its function as a carrier for the controlled release of dyes were demonstrated.As an alternative to polyester synthesis by polycondensation isocyanate-free reactive extrusion methods have been ...', 'Zusammenfassung: Durch die Nutzung von erneuerbaren Rohstoffen und Kohlendioxid wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit neuartige thermo- und duroplastische bio-basierte Werkstoffe synthetisiert und deren grundlegenden Struktur/Eigenschafts-Beziehungen aufgeklärt. Wichtiges Ziel war die Polykondensation von kristallisationsfähigen langkettigen Dicarbonsäureestern, zugänglich durch Alkoxycarbonylierung von ungesättigten Fettsäureestern, um polyethylenähnliche Polyester mit variablen Oligoethylensegmenten herzustellen und durch Spritzguss, Folienextrusion und Elektrospinnen zu verarbeiten. Als Alternative zur Polykondensation, die mehrere Stunden dauerte, wurden hochmolekulare Polyester, Polyharnstoffamide und Polyharnstoffesteramide auch durch Reaktionsextrusion innerhalb von Minuten durch isocyanatfreie Polyadditionsreaktionen in Polymerschmelzen gewonnen. Schwerpunkt bei den Duroplastsystemen und der Nutzung von Kohlendioxid waren Polyadditionsreaktionen von aufgereinigtem Limonendicarbonat, welche isocyanatfrei lineare hochmolekulare Polyurethane und Polyurethan-Netzwerke sowie Lacke zugänglich machten.Durch Umesterung von Fetten mit Methanol und anschließende isomerisierende Alkoxycarbonylierung wurden gemeinsam mit der Gruppe von Prof. Mecking in einem Schritt biobasierte α,ω-Oligoethylen-diester mit variablen und kristallisationsfähigen Kohlenwasserstoffsegmenten gewonnen und erfolgreich in der Polyestersynthese eingesetzt. Diese so erhaltenen bio-basierten Werkstoffe kombinierten die für Polyethylen und Polyester typischen Eigenschaften. Erstmals gelang es, hochmolekulare und gut verarbeitbare Homo- und Copolyester durch Polykondensationsreaktionen mit Diolen zugänglich zu machen und deren Materialeigenschaften über die Oligoethylensegmenlängen zu steuern. Es wurden polyethylenähnliche Polyester mit Schmelztemperaturen über 100 °C, E-Module um 400 MPa und Bruchdehnungen von über 600 % erhalten. Die durch Elektrospinnen von Polyesterlösungen erzeugten Polyestervliese waren biokompatibel, bioabbaubar und für die Zellbesiedelung geeignet, was in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gruppe um Prof. Shastri untersucht wurde. Durch Schmelzcompoundierung konnten Folien sowie phasenseparierte Blends mit anderen Polyestern und Polyolefinen zugänglich gemacht werden. Bereits 5 Gew.-% Polyester im Blend mit Polymilchsäure reichten aus, die Hydrophilie zu reduzieren und die Hydrolysebeständigkeit zu steigern. Polyester wurden durch Schm ...']] | ['2015'] | ['http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-1/de'] | ['open access'] | [[{'@id': 'gnd:4031648-8'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4609161-0'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4175096-2'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4175168-1'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4175327-6'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4046699-1'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4175207-7'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4713263-2'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4783315-4'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4634464-0'}]] | ['gnd:1078070741', 'gnd:4031648-8', 'gnd:4046699-1', 'gnd:4175096-2', 'gnd:4175168-1', 'gnd:4175207-7', 'gnd:4175327-6', 'gnd:4609161-0', 'gnd:4634464-0', 'gnd:4713263-2', 'gnd:4783315-4', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A838588832'] | ['Ritter, Benjamin Sebastian', 'Kohlendioxid', 'Polymere', 'Polyamide', 'Polyester', 'Polyharnstoffe', 'Polyurethane', 'Terpenderivate', 'Biologisch abbaubarer Kunststoff', 'Reaktive Extrusion', 'Oleochemie'] | 4 |
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} | ['gnd:4156614-2', 'gnd:4253889-0'] | ['Entstehung', 'Linsenförmige Galaxie'] | ['rest'] | ['Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)'] | [['(firstid)GBV:839316232', '(ppn)839316232']] | [''] | [['(classificationName=ddc)523.112', '(classificationName=bk, id=106419021)39.41 - Extragalaktische Systeme, Galaxien', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)rest']] | ['Understanding massive disk galaxy formation through resolved stellar populations'] | ['In this thesis we utilize resolved stellar populations to improve our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution. In the first part we improve a method for metallicity determination of faint old stellar systems, in the second and third part we analyze the individual history of six nearby disk galaxies outside the Local Group. A New Calibration of the Color Metallicity Relation of Red Giants for HST data: It is well known, that the color distribution of stars on the the Red Giant Branch (RGB) can be used to determine metallicities of old stellar populations that have only shallow photometry. Based on the largest sample of globular clusters ever used for such studies, we quantify the relation between metallicity and color in the widely used HST ACS filters F606W and F814W. We use a sample of globular clusters from the ACS Globular Cluster Survey and measure their RGB color at given absolute magnitudes to derive the color-metallicity relation. We find a clear relation between metallicity and RGB color; we investigate the scatte…'] | ['2015'] | ['http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-1/en'] | ['commercial licence'] | [[{'@id': 'gnd:4156614-2'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4253889-0'}]] | ['gnd:1078749604', 'gnd:2120681-8', 'gnd:4156614-2', 'gnd:4253889-0', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A839316232'] | ['Streich, David', 'Universität Potsdam', 'Entstehung', 'Linsenförmige Galaxie'] | 24 |
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"Zusammenfassung: This theses investigates the diffraction limit of light and studies theoretically and experimentally different strategies to overcome this limit. The diffraction limit states that it is not possible to create an image of an object with a resolution smaller than half the wavelength. The basal reason for this effect is the loss of information when light is emitted or scattered by an object and reconstructed by a classical optical system. There are already many ways to obtain images with subwavelength resolution, for example by measuring the near field of an object, or by adding information regarding, for instance, the location (STED).In this work, however, is not about measuring methods, but fundamentally the interaction of light with matter. Therefore, a terahertz near-field microscope is used which is able to measure electric field distributions with a resolution far below the diffraction limit.First, the diffraction-limited focusing of light in free space is investigated. These results are used to determine the Gouy phase of strongly focused, linearly and radially polarised terahertz radiation. Hereby, not only the transverse, but also the longitudinal component are investigated. Subsequently, two material systems are introduced which allow for focusing light below the diffraction limit and to generate images whose resolution are far below the diffraction limit.The first system is a plasmonic lens. It consists of a circular electrically conductive disc, along the edge of which surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are excited, when illuminated with radially polarised radiation. These SPPs propagate in phase towards the centre of the disc and interfere constructively so that a maximum is generated at the centre. This maximum, described by a Bessel function of the 0th order is independent of any numerical aperture, thus allowing the focusing below the diffraction limit. By adding rings around the central disc, with a spacing corresponding to the circular Bragg condition, the intensity of certain frequencies can be increased.The second system is a metamaterial, which is referred to as wire medium. It consists of an array of very narrow metal wires that are embedded in a host. Such a structure exhibits a strong optical anisotropy. Therefore, it has very interesting optical properties that allow to convert evanescent waves into propagating waves, to transport and reconstruct them on the image plane of the wire medium",
"Zusammenfassung: Diese Arbeit behandelt das Beugungslimit von Licht und untersucht theoretische als auch experimentelle M\u00f6glichkeiten dieses zu \u00fcberwinden. Das Beugungslimit besagt, dass es mit Licht nicht m\u00f6glich ist Details eines Objekts, das abgebildet werden soll, aufzul\u00f6sen, die kleiner als die halbe Wellenl\u00e4nge sind. Der basale Grund f\u00fcr diesen Effekt ist der Verlust von Informationen, wenn Licht von einem Objekt ausgesendet oder gestreut wird und mit Hilfe eines optischen Systems zu einem Abbild wieder zusammengef\u00fcgt wird. Es existieren heute schon viele M\u00f6glichkeiten diesem Verlust entgegenzuwirken, indem man z.B. das Nahfeld vermisst, das Informationen von evaneszenten Wellen tr\u00e4gt, oder zus\u00e4tzliche Informationen bez\u00fcglich des Ortes durch die Messtechnik hinzuf\u00fcgt, die es erlauben die Anregung sehr genau zu lokalisieren (STED). In dieser Arbeit geht es jedoch nicht um Messverfahren, sondern grundlegend um die Interaktion von Licht mit Materie. Dazu wird ein Terahertz Nahfeld-Mikroskop verwendet, das in der Lage ist elektrische Feldverteilungen mit einer Aufl\u00f6sung weit unterhalb des Beugungslimits zu vermessen.Zun\u00e4chst wird die beugungslimitierte Fokussierung von Licht im freien Raum untersucht. Diese Ergebnisse werden benutzt um die Gouy-Phase stark fokussierter, linear und radial polarisierter Terahertzstrahlung zu bestimmen. Anschlie\u00dfend werden zwei Materialsysteme vorgestellt, die es erlauben Licht unter das Beugungslimit zu fokussieren und Abbildungen zu erzeugen, deren Aufl\u00f6sung weit unterhalb des Beugungslimits liegen.Das erste System ist eine plasmonische Linse. Sie besteht aus einer kreisf\u00f6rmigen, elektrisch leitenden Scheibe, entlang deren Rand Oberfl\u00e4chenplasmonen angeregt werden, wenn sie mit radial polarisierter Strahlung beleuchtet wird. Diese laufen in Phase in Richtung der Mitte der Scheibe und interferieren konstruktive, so dass ein Maximum im Zentrum erzeugt wird. Dieses Maximum, beschrieben durch eine Bessel-Funktion 0. Ordnung, ist unabh\u00e4ngig von irgendeiner Numerischen Apertur und erlaubt somit die Fokussierung unterhalb des Beugungslimits. Bringt man nun zus\u00e4tzlich mehrere Ringe um die Scheibe an, der Abstand der zirkularen Bragg-Bedingung entsprechen, kann die Intensit\u00e4t f\u00fcr bestimmte Frequenzen erh\u00f6ht werden.Das zweite System ist ein Metamaterial, welches als Wire Medium bezeichnet wird. Es besteht aus einem Array sehr schmaler Metalldr\u00e4hte, die in einem Tr\u00e4germedium eingebett ..."
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} | ['gnd:4312216-4', 'gnd:7547278-8', 'gnd:4259168-5', 'gnd:4174845-1', 'gnd:4346673-4'] | ['Plasmon', 'Beugungsbegrenzung', 'Nahfeld', 'Terahertzbereich', 'Metamaterial'] | ['phy'] | ['Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB)'] | [['(contract)FRUB-opus-10733', '(ppn)854151567', '(firstid)BSZ:462730026', '(doi)10.6094/UNIFR/10733']] | [''] | [['(classificationName=linseach:mapping)phy', '(classificationName=ddc-dbn)530']] | ['Breaking the diffraction limit : experiment and theory on sub-diffraction limited focusing and imaging realised in the THz frequency regime'] | [['Zusammenfassung: This theses investigates the diffraction limit of light and studies theoretically and experimentally different strategies to overcome this limit. The diffraction limit states that it is not possible to create an image of an object with a resolution smaller than half the wavelength. The basal reason for this effect is the loss of information when light is emitted or scattered by an object and reconstructed by a classical optical system. There are already many ways to obtain images with subwavelength resolution, for example by measuring the near field of an object, or by adding information regarding, for instance, the location (STED).In this work, however, is not about measuring methods, but fundamentally the interaction of light with matter. Therefore, a terahertz near-field microscope is used which is able to measure electric field distributions with a resolution far below the diffraction limit.First, the diffraction-limited focusing of light in free space is investigated. These results are used to determine the Gouy phase of strongly focused, linearly and radially polarised terahertz radiation. Hereby, not only the transverse, but also the longitudinal component are investigated. Subsequently, two material systems are introduced which allow for focusing light below the diffraction limit and to generate images whose resolution are far below the diffraction limit.The first system is a plasmonic lens. It consists of a circular electrically conductive disc, along the edge of which surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are excited, when illuminated with radially polarised radiation. These SPPs propagate in phase towards the centre of the disc and interfere constructively so that a maximum is generated at the centre. This maximum, described by a Bessel function of the 0th order is independent of any numerical aperture, thus allowing the focusing below the diffraction limit. By adding rings around the central disc, with a spacing corresponding to the circular Bragg condition, the intensity of certain frequencies can be increased.The second system is a metamaterial, which is referred to as wire medium. It consists of an array of very narrow metal wires that are embedded in a host. Such a structure exhibits a strong optical anisotropy. Therefore, it has very interesting optical properties that allow to convert evanescent waves into propagating waves, to transport and reconstruct them on the image plane of the wire medium', 'Zusammenfassung: Diese Arbeit behandelt das Beugungslimit von Licht und untersucht theoretische als auch experimentelle Möglichkeiten dieses zu überwinden. Das Beugungslimit besagt, dass es mit Licht nicht möglich ist Details eines Objekts, das abgebildet werden soll, aufzulösen, die kleiner als die halbe Wellenlänge sind. Der basale Grund für diesen Effekt ist der Verlust von Informationen, wenn Licht von einem Objekt ausgesendet oder gestreut wird und mit Hilfe eines optischen Systems zu einem Abbild wieder zusammengefügt wird. Es existieren heute schon viele Möglichkeiten diesem Verlust entgegenzuwirken, indem man z.B. das Nahfeld vermisst, das Informationen von evaneszenten Wellen trägt, oder zusätzliche Informationen bezüglich des Ortes durch die Messtechnik hinzufügt, die es erlauben die Anregung sehr genau zu lokalisieren (STED). In dieser Arbeit geht es jedoch nicht um Messverfahren, sondern grundlegend um die Interaktion von Licht mit Materie. Dazu wird ein Terahertz Nahfeld-Mikroskop verwendet, das in der Lage ist elektrische Feldverteilungen mit einer Auflösung weit unterhalb des Beugungslimits zu vermessen.Zunächst wird die beugungslimitierte Fokussierung von Licht im freien Raum untersucht. Diese Ergebnisse werden benutzt um die Gouy-Phase stark fokussierter, linear und radial polarisierter Terahertzstrahlung zu bestimmen. Anschließend werden zwei Materialsysteme vorgestellt, die es erlauben Licht unter das Beugungslimit zu fokussieren und Abbildungen zu erzeugen, deren Auflösung weit unterhalb des Beugungslimits liegen.Das erste System ist eine plasmonische Linse. Sie besteht aus einer kreisförmigen, elektrisch leitenden Scheibe, entlang deren Rand Oberflächenplasmonen angeregt werden, wenn sie mit radial polarisierter Strahlung beleuchtet wird. Diese laufen in Phase in Richtung der Mitte der Scheibe und interferieren konstruktive, so dass ein Maximum im Zentrum erzeugt wird. Dieses Maximum, beschrieben durch eine Bessel-Funktion 0. Ordnung, ist unabhängig von irgendeiner Numerischen Apertur und erlaubt somit die Fokussierung unterhalb des Beugungslimits. Bringt man nun zusätzlich mehrere Ringe um die Scheibe an, der Abstand der zirkularen Bragg-Bedingung entsprechen, kann die Intensität für bestimmte Frequenzen erhöht werden.Das zweite System ist ein Metamaterial, welches als Wire Medium bezeichnet wird. Es besteht aus einem Array sehr schmaler Metalldrähte, die in einem Trägermedium eingebett ...']] | ['2016'] | ['http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-1/en'] | ['open access'] | [[{'@id': 'gnd:4312216-4'}, {'@id': 'gnd:7547278-8'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4259168-5'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4174845-1'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4346673-4'}]] | ['gnd:1091094861', 'gnd:4174845-1', 'gnd:4259168-5', 'gnd:4312216-4', 'gnd:4346673-4', 'gnd:7547278-8', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A854151567'] | ['Kaltenecker, Korbinian J.', 'Plasmon', 'Beugungsbegrenzung', 'Nahfeld', 'Terahertzbereich', 'Metamaterial'] | 22 |
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"Introduction: Mindfulness programs for schools are popular. Currently, the enthusiasm for this approach outweighs the evidence supporting its application. In this dissertation I present a) a meta-analytic review of the existing evidence and b) further empirical data regarding the efficacy of mindfulness-based school programs, also considering the me- thodological quality of evaluation studies in this nascent field. Methods: a) In order to locate both published and unpublished studies a comprehensive search strategy was applied. Data on methodology and outcomes of included studies were extracted. Effect sizes were combined using the random-effect model. b) In two pilot stu- dies, effects of a mindfulness-based school program on measures of attention, self- regulation, empathy, mental health and well-being were examined in a controlled pre-post design. In study I, n = 20 fourth grade students took part in a 6 week-mindfulness pro- gram; in study II, n = 25 second grade students participated in a modified version of the mindfulness program (20 weeks). Parallel classes served as the control. Results: a) Twenty-four studies were located, of which eleven were unpublished. Nineteen studies used a controlled design. Altogether, 1,348 students were instructed in mindful- ness, with 863 serving as comparison groups, ranging from school grades 1 to 12. Overall effect sizes were g = 0.41 within groups and g = 0.40 between groups. Domain specific, controlled, effect sizes varied from g = 0.80 for measures of cognitive performance to g = 0.19 for measures of emotional problems. However, heterogeneity was significant and could partly be explained by the intensity of mindfulness programs. b) In study I, interac- tion effects (time x group) occurred in three subscales of teacher ratings on mental health (hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, prosocial behaviour), indicating the superiority of the control (all p \u2264 .05). In study II, interaction effects (time x group) occur- red in one subscale of teacher questionnaires in mental health (conduct problems, p \u2264 .01) and in two subscales of after-school-care teachers (peer relationship problems, prosocial behaviour (both p \u2264 .05)), reflecting improvement in the mindfulness class. In general, the feasibility of this evaluation can be confirmed, but the adequacy of some measures being applied in this field of research need to be adressed. Conclusion: Preliminary evidence supports the efficacy of mindfulness programs, but replication in rigorous research designs is required. Future research should consider the special features of students and the school setting.\u2026",
"Einleitung: Obwohl Achtsamkeitsprogramme f\u00fcr den Bildungsbereich zunehmend an Popularit\u00e4t gewinnen, ist die empirische Basis f\u00fcr deren Anwendung noch unzureichend. In dieser Dissertation stelle ich a) einen metaanalytischen Review \u00fcber den aktuellen For-schungsstand und b) selbsterhobene empirische Daten bez\u00fcglich der Wirksamkeit acht-samkeitsbasierter Interventionen im Schulkontext, unter der Ber\u00fccksichtigung der metho-dischen G\u00fcte von Evaluationsstudien in diesem neuen Forschungsfeld, vor. Methode: a) Um auch nicht-publizierte Studien ausfindig machen zu k\u00f6nnen, wurde eine weitl\u00e4ufige Suchstrategie gew\u00e4hlt. Informationen zur Studienqualit\u00e4t sowie quantitative Daten wurden extrahiert und Effektst\u00e4rken auf Basis des Modells zufallsvariabler Effekte ermittelt. b) In 2 Pilotstudien wurde die Wirksamkeit eines Achtsamkeitsprogramms in Bezug auf spezifische Aufmerksamkeitsf\u00e4higkeiten, die Selbstregulationsf\u00e4higkeit, die Empathief\u00e4higkeit, psychische Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden in einem kontrollierten Pr\u00e4-post-Design untersucht. In Studie I nahm eine 4. Klasse (n = 20) an einem sechsw\u00f6-chigen Achtsamkeitsprogramm teil, w\u00e4hrend in Studie II eine 2. Klasse (n = 25) an einer modifizierten Version des Programms (20 Wochen) teilnahm. Die jeweilige Parallelklasse fungierte als Kontrollgruppe. Ergebnisse: a) 24 Studien konnten ausfindig gemacht werden, von denen 11 nicht publi-ziert sind. Gr\u00f6\u00dftenteils wurden kontrollierte Designs (k = 19) verwendet. Von Klasse 1 bis Klasse 12 nahmen insgesamt 1348 Sch\u00fclerinnen und Sch\u00fcler an einem Achtsamkeits-training teil und 871 fungierten als Kontrollgruppe. Die globalen Effekte beliefen sich auf g = 0.40 f\u00fcr kontrollierte und g = .41 f\u00fcr Pr\u00e4-post-Effektgr\u00f6\u00dfen. Dom\u00e4nenspezifische, kontrollierte Effektgr\u00f6\u00dfen variierten zwischen g = 0.80 f\u00fcr Ma\u00dfe der kognitiven Perfor-manz und g = 0.19 f\u00fcr emotionale Probleme. Jedoch war die Varianz der Studieneffekte \u00fcberzuf\u00e4llig gro\u00df. Sie konnte zum Teil durch die unterschiedliche Intensit\u00e4t der Pro-gramme aufgekl\u00e4rt werden. b) In Studie I ergaben sich hypothesenkontr\u00e4re Interaktionsef-fekte (Zeit x Gruppe) f\u00fcr drei Subskalen eines Lehrkr\u00e4ftefragebogens (Hyperaktivi-t\u00e4t/Unaufmerksamkeit, Probleme mit Gleichaltrigen, prosoziales Verhalten, alle p \u2264 .05). In Studie II zeigten sich hypothesenkonforme Interaktionseffekte (Zeit x Gruppe) f\u00fcr die von den Klassenlehrerinnen eingesch\u00e4tzte Subskala Verhaltensprobleme (p \u2264 .01) sowie f\u00fcr die von den Horterzieherinnen eingesch\u00e4tzten Subskalen Probleme mit Gleichaltrigen und Prosoziales Verhalten (beide p \u2264 .05). In Bezug auf spezifische Aufmerksamkeitsf\u00e4-higkeiten, die Selbstregulationsf\u00e4higkeit, die Empathief\u00e4higkeit, das Wohlbefinden und den Gesamtwert f\u00fcr psychischen Auff\u00e4lligkeiten waren keine Interaktionseffekte festzu-stellen. Die Evaluation ist grunds\u00e4tzlich als durchf\u00fchrbar einzustufen, allerdings ist die Ad\u00e4quatheit einiger der \u00fcblicherweise verwendeten Messinstrumente infrage zu stellen. Fazit: Die vorl\u00e4ufigen Belege f\u00fcr die Wirksamkeit von Achtsamkeitsprogrammen im Schulkontext erfordern Replikationen in methodisch hochwertigeren Untersuchungen. Bei der Methodenwahl sollten die Besonderheiten der Zielgruppe der Sch\u00fclerinnen und Sch\u00fcler sowie des Settings Schule st\u00e4rker beachtet und f\u00fcr die Umsetzung innovativer Forschungsmethoden genutzt werden.\u2026"
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} | ['gnd:4162156-6', 'gnd:4053474-1', 'gnd:4297929-8'] | ['Schule', 'Intervention', 'Achtsamkeit'] | ['sow'] | ['gnd:135912911'] | [['(firstid)DNB:1116283581', '(ppn)870990810']] | [''] | [['(classificationName=ddc)370.15', '(classificationName=ddc-dbn)370', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)sow', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)pae']] | ['ABC fürs Leben - Sind Achtsamkeitsprogramme im Schulkontext ein wirksamer Ansatz?'] | [['Introduction: Mindfulness programs for schools are popular. Currently, the enthusiasm for this approach outweighs the evidence supporting its application. In this dissertation I present a) a meta-analytic review of the existing evidence and b) further empirical data regarding the efficacy of mindfulness-based school programs, also considering the me- thodological quality of evaluation studies in this nascent field. Methods: a) In order to locate both published and unpublished studies a comprehensive search strategy was applied. Data on methodology and outcomes of included studies were extracted. Effect sizes were combined using the random-effect model. b) In two pilot stu- dies, effects of a mindfulness-based school program on measures of attention, self- regulation, empathy, mental health and well-being were examined in a controlled pre-post design. In study I, n = 20 fourth grade students took part in a 6 week-mindfulness pro- gram; in study II, n = 25 second grade students participated in a modified version of the mindfulness program (20 weeks). Parallel classes served as the control. Results: a) Twenty-four studies were located, of which eleven were unpublished. Nineteen studies used a controlled design. Altogether, 1,348 students were instructed in mindful- ness, with 863 serving as comparison groups, ranging from school grades 1 to 12. Overall effect sizes were g = 0.41 within groups and g = 0.40 between groups. Domain specific, controlled, effect sizes varied from g = 0.80 for measures of cognitive performance to g = 0.19 for measures of emotional problems. However, heterogeneity was significant and could partly be explained by the intensity of mindfulness programs. b) In study I, interac- tion effects (time x group) occurred in three subscales of teacher ratings on mental health (hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, prosocial behaviour), indicating the superiority of the control (all p ≤ .05). In study II, interaction effects (time x group) occur- red in one subscale of teacher questionnaires in mental health (conduct problems, p ≤ .01) and in two subscales of after-school-care teachers (peer relationship problems, prosocial behaviour (both p ≤ .05)), reflecting improvement in the mindfulness class. In general, the feasibility of this evaluation can be confirmed, but the adequacy of some measures being applied in this field of research need to be adressed. Conclusion: Preliminary evidence supports the efficacy of mindfulness programs, but replication in rigorous research designs is required. Future research should consider the special features of students and the school setting.…', 'Einleitung: Obwohl Achtsamkeitsprogramme für den Bildungsbereich zunehmend an Popularität gewinnen, ist die empirische Basis für deren Anwendung noch unzureichend. In dieser Dissertation stelle ich a) einen metaanalytischen Review über den aktuellen For-schungsstand und b) selbsterhobene empirische Daten bezüglich der Wirksamkeit acht-samkeitsbasierter Interventionen im Schulkontext, unter der Berücksichtigung der metho-dischen Güte von Evaluationsstudien in diesem neuen Forschungsfeld, vor. Methode: a) Um auch nicht-publizierte Studien ausfindig machen zu können, wurde eine weitläufige Suchstrategie gewählt. Informationen zur Studienqualität sowie quantitative Daten wurden extrahiert und Effektstärken auf Basis des Modells zufallsvariabler Effekte ermittelt. b) In 2 Pilotstudien wurde die Wirksamkeit eines Achtsamkeitsprogramms in Bezug auf spezifische Aufmerksamkeitsfähigkeiten, die Selbstregulationsfähigkeit, die Empathiefähigkeit, psychische Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden in einem kontrollierten Prä-post-Design untersucht. In Studie I nahm eine 4. Klasse (n = 20) an einem sechswö-chigen Achtsamkeitsprogramm teil, während in Studie II eine 2. Klasse (n = 25) an einer modifizierten Version des Programms (20 Wochen) teilnahm. Die jeweilige Parallelklasse fungierte als Kontrollgruppe. Ergebnisse: a) 24 Studien konnten ausfindig gemacht werden, von denen 11 nicht publi-ziert sind. Größtenteils wurden kontrollierte Designs (k = 19) verwendet. Von Klasse 1 bis Klasse 12 nahmen insgesamt 1348 Schülerinnen und Schüler an einem Achtsamkeits-training teil und 871 fungierten als Kontrollgruppe. Die globalen Effekte beliefen sich auf g = 0.40 für kontrollierte und g = .41 für Prä-post-Effektgrößen. Domänenspezifische, kontrollierte Effektgrößen variierten zwischen g = 0.80 für Maße der kognitiven Perfor-manz und g = 0.19 für emotionale Probleme. Jedoch war die Varianz der Studieneffekte überzufällig groß. Sie konnte zum Teil durch die unterschiedliche Intensität der Pro-gramme aufgeklärt werden. b) In Studie I ergaben sich hypothesenkonträre Interaktionsef-fekte (Zeit x Gruppe) für drei Subskalen eines Lehrkräftefragebogens (Hyperaktivi-tät/Unaufmerksamkeit, Probleme mit Gleichaltrigen, prosoziales Verhalten, alle p ≤ .05). In Studie II zeigten sich hypothesenkonforme Interaktionseffekte (Zeit x Gruppe) für die von den Klassenlehrerinnen eingeschätzte Subskala Verhaltensprobleme (p ≤ .01) sowie für die von den Horterzieherinnen eingeschätzten Subskalen Probleme mit Gleichaltrigen und Prosoziales Verhalten (beide p ≤ .05). In Bezug auf spezifische Aufmerksamkeitsfä-higkeiten, die Selbstregulationsfähigkeit, die Empathiefähigkeit, das Wohlbefinden und den Gesamtwert für psychischen Auffälligkeiten waren keine Interaktionseffekte festzu-stellen. Die Evaluation ist grundsätzlich als durchführbar einzustufen, allerdings ist die Adäquatheit einiger der üblicherweise verwendeten Messinstrumente infrage zu stellen. Fazit: Die vorläufigen Belege für die Wirksamkeit von Achtsamkeitsprogrammen im Schulkontext erfordern Replikationen in methodisch hochwertigeren Untersuchungen. Bei der Methodenwahl sollten die Besonderheiten der Zielgruppe der Schülerinnen und Schüler sowie des Settings Schule stärker beachtet und für die Umsetzung innovativer Forschungsmethoden genutzt werden.…']] | ['2016'] | ['http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-1/de'] | ['commercial licence'] | [[{'@id': 'gnd:4162156-6'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4053474-1'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4297929-8'}]] | ['gnd:135912911', 'gnd:4053474-1', 'gnd:4162156-6', 'gnd:4297929-8', 'gnd:5059953-7', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A870990810'] | ['Walach, Harald', 'Schule', 'Intervention', 'Achtsamkeit', 'Europa-Universität Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder)'] | 25 |
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"title": "ABC f\u00fcrs Leben - Sind Achtsamkeitsprogramme im Schulkontext ein wirksamer Ansatz?",
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"Introduction: Mindfulness programs for schools are popular. Currently, the enthusiasm for this approach outweighs the evidence supporting its application. In this dissertation I present a) a meta-analytic review of the existing evidence and b) further empirical data regarding the efficacy of mindfulness-based school programs, also considering the me- thodological quality of evaluation studies in this nascent field. Methods: a) In order to locate both published and unpublished studies a comprehensive search strategy was applied. Data on methodology and outcomes of included studies were extracted. Effect sizes were combined using the random-effect model. b) In two pilot stu- dies, effects of a mindfulness-based school program on measures of attention, self- regulation, empathy, mental health and well-being were examined in a controlled pre-post design. In study I, n = 20 fourth grade students took part in a 6 week-mindfulness pro- gram; in study II, n = 25 second grade students participated in a modified version of the mindfulness program (20 weeks). Parallel classes served as the control. Results: a) Twenty-four studies were located, of which eleven were unpublished. Nineteen studies used a controlled design. Altogether, 1,348 students were instructed in mindful- ness, with 863 serving as comparison groups, ranging from school grades 1 to 12. Overall effect sizes were g = 0.41 within groups and g = 0.40 between groups. Domain specific, controlled, effect sizes varied from g = 0.80 for measures of cognitive performance to g = 0.19 for measures of emotional problems. However, heterogeneity was significant and could partly be explained by the intensity of mindfulness programs. b) In study I, interac- tion effects (time x group) occurred in three subscales of teacher ratings on mental health (hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, prosocial behaviour), indicating the superiority of the control (all p \u2264 .05). In study II, interaction effects (time x group) occur- red in one subscale of teacher questionnaires in mental health (conduct problems, p \u2264 .01) and in two subscales of after-school-care teachers (peer relationship problems, prosocial behaviour (both p \u2264 .05)), reflecting improvement in the mindfulness class. In general, the feasibility of this evaluation can be confirmed, but the adequacy of some measures being applied in this field of research need to be adressed. Conclusion: Preliminary evidence supports the efficacy of mindfulness programs, but replication in rigorous research designs is required. Future research should consider the special features of students and the school setting.\u2026",
"Einleitung: Obwohl Achtsamkeitsprogramme f\u00fcr den Bildungsbereich zunehmend an Popularit\u00e4t gewinnen, ist die empirische Basis f\u00fcr deren Anwendung noch unzureichend. In dieser Dissertation stelle ich a) einen metaanalytischen Review \u00fcber den aktuellen For-schungsstand und b) selbsterhobene empirische Daten bez\u00fcglich der Wirksamkeit acht-samkeitsbasierter Interventionen im Schulkontext, unter der Ber\u00fccksichtigung der metho-dischen G\u00fcte von Evaluationsstudien in diesem neuen Forschungsfeld, vor. Methode: a) Um auch nicht-publizierte Studien ausfindig machen zu k\u00f6nnen, wurde eine weitl\u00e4ufige Suchstrategie gew\u00e4hlt. Informationen zur Studienqualit\u00e4t sowie quantitative Daten wurden extrahiert und Effektst\u00e4rken auf Basis des Modells zufallsvariabler Effekte ermittelt. b) In 2 Pilotstudien wurde die Wirksamkeit eines Achtsamkeitsprogramms in Bezug auf spezifische Aufmerksamkeitsf\u00e4higkeiten, die Selbstregulationsf\u00e4higkeit, die Empathief\u00e4higkeit, psychische Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden in einem kontrollierten Pr\u00e4-post-Design untersucht. In Studie I nahm eine 4. Klasse (n = 20) an einem sechsw\u00f6-chigen Achtsamkeitsprogramm teil, w\u00e4hrend in Studie II eine 2. Klasse (n = 25) an einer modifizierten Version des Programms (20 Wochen) teilnahm. Die jeweilige Parallelklasse fungierte als Kontrollgruppe. Ergebnisse: a) 24 Studien konnten ausfindig gemacht werden, von denen 11 nicht publi-ziert sind. Gr\u00f6\u00dftenteils wurden kontrollierte Designs (k = 19) verwendet. Von Klasse 1 bis Klasse 12 nahmen insgesamt 1348 Sch\u00fclerinnen und Sch\u00fcler an einem Achtsamkeits-training teil und 871 fungierten als Kontrollgruppe. Die globalen Effekte beliefen sich auf g = 0.40 f\u00fcr kontrollierte und g = .41 f\u00fcr Pr\u00e4-post-Effektgr\u00f6\u00dfen. Dom\u00e4nenspezifische, kontrollierte Effektgr\u00f6\u00dfen variierten zwischen g = 0.80 f\u00fcr Ma\u00dfe der kognitiven Perfor-manz und g = 0.19 f\u00fcr emotionale Probleme. Jedoch war die Varianz der Studieneffekte \u00fcberzuf\u00e4llig gro\u00df. Sie konnte zum Teil durch die unterschiedliche Intensit\u00e4t der Pro-gramme aufgekl\u00e4rt werden. b) In Studie I ergaben sich hypothesenkontr\u00e4re Interaktionsef-fekte (Zeit x Gruppe) f\u00fcr drei Subskalen eines Lehrkr\u00e4ftefragebogens (Hyperaktivi-t\u00e4t/Unaufmerksamkeit, Probleme mit Gleichaltrigen, prosoziales Verhalten, alle p \u2264 .05). In Studie II zeigten sich hypothesenkonforme Interaktionseffekte (Zeit x Gruppe) f\u00fcr die von den Klassenlehrerinnen eingesch\u00e4tzte Subskala Verhaltensprobleme (p \u2264 .01) sowie f\u00fcr die von den Horterzieherinnen eingesch\u00e4tzten Subskalen Probleme mit Gleichaltrigen und Prosoziales Verhalten (beide p \u2264 .05). In Bezug auf spezifische Aufmerksamkeitsf\u00e4-higkeiten, die Selbstregulationsf\u00e4higkeit, die Empathief\u00e4higkeit, das Wohlbefinden und den Gesamtwert f\u00fcr psychischen Auff\u00e4lligkeiten waren keine Interaktionseffekte festzu-stellen. Die Evaluation ist grunds\u00e4tzlich als durchf\u00fchrbar einzustufen, allerdings ist die Ad\u00e4quatheit einiger der \u00fcblicherweise verwendeten Messinstrumente infrage zu stellen. Fazit: Die vorl\u00e4ufigen Belege f\u00fcr die Wirksamkeit von Achtsamkeitsprogrammen im Schulkontext erfordern Replikationen in methodisch hochwertigeren Untersuchungen. Bei der Methodenwahl sollten die Besonderheiten der Zielgruppe der Sch\u00fclerinnen und Sch\u00fcler sowie des Settings Schule st\u00e4rker beachtet und f\u00fcr die Umsetzung innovativer Forschungsmethoden genutzt werden.\u2026"
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} | ['gnd:4162156-6', 'gnd:4053474-1', 'gnd:4297929-8'] | ['Schule', 'Intervention', 'Achtsamkeit'] | ['pae'] | ['gnd:135912911'] | [['(firstid)DNB:1116283581', '(ppn)870990810']] | [''] | [['(classificationName=ddc)370.15', '(classificationName=ddc-dbn)370', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)sow', '(classificationName=linseach:mapping)pae']] | ['ABC fürs Leben - Sind Achtsamkeitsprogramme im Schulkontext ein wirksamer Ansatz?'] | [['Introduction: Mindfulness programs for schools are popular. Currently, the enthusiasm for this approach outweighs the evidence supporting its application. In this dissertation I present a) a meta-analytic review of the existing evidence and b) further empirical data regarding the efficacy of mindfulness-based school programs, also considering the me- thodological quality of evaluation studies in this nascent field. Methods: a) In order to locate both published and unpublished studies a comprehensive search strategy was applied. Data on methodology and outcomes of included studies were extracted. Effect sizes were combined using the random-effect model. b) In two pilot stu- dies, effects of a mindfulness-based school program on measures of attention, self- regulation, empathy, mental health and well-being were examined in a controlled pre-post design. In study I, n = 20 fourth grade students took part in a 6 week-mindfulness pro- gram; in study II, n = 25 second grade students participated in a modified version of the mindfulness program (20 weeks). Parallel classes served as the control. Results: a) Twenty-four studies were located, of which eleven were unpublished. Nineteen studies used a controlled design. Altogether, 1,348 students were instructed in mindful- ness, with 863 serving as comparison groups, ranging from school grades 1 to 12. Overall effect sizes were g = 0.41 within groups and g = 0.40 between groups. Domain specific, controlled, effect sizes varied from g = 0.80 for measures of cognitive performance to g = 0.19 for measures of emotional problems. However, heterogeneity was significant and could partly be explained by the intensity of mindfulness programs. b) In study I, interac- tion effects (time x group) occurred in three subscales of teacher ratings on mental health (hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, prosocial behaviour), indicating the superiority of the control (all p ≤ .05). In study II, interaction effects (time x group) occur- red in one subscale of teacher questionnaires in mental health (conduct problems, p ≤ .01) and in two subscales of after-school-care teachers (peer relationship problems, prosocial behaviour (both p ≤ .05)), reflecting improvement in the mindfulness class. In general, the feasibility of this evaluation can be confirmed, but the adequacy of some measures being applied in this field of research need to be adressed. Conclusion: Preliminary evidence supports the efficacy of mindfulness programs, but replication in rigorous research designs is required. Future research should consider the special features of students and the school setting.…', 'Einleitung: Obwohl Achtsamkeitsprogramme für den Bildungsbereich zunehmend an Popularität gewinnen, ist die empirische Basis für deren Anwendung noch unzureichend. In dieser Dissertation stelle ich a) einen metaanalytischen Review über den aktuellen For-schungsstand und b) selbsterhobene empirische Daten bezüglich der Wirksamkeit acht-samkeitsbasierter Interventionen im Schulkontext, unter der Berücksichtigung der metho-dischen Güte von Evaluationsstudien in diesem neuen Forschungsfeld, vor. Methode: a) Um auch nicht-publizierte Studien ausfindig machen zu können, wurde eine weitläufige Suchstrategie gewählt. Informationen zur Studienqualität sowie quantitative Daten wurden extrahiert und Effektstärken auf Basis des Modells zufallsvariabler Effekte ermittelt. b) In 2 Pilotstudien wurde die Wirksamkeit eines Achtsamkeitsprogramms in Bezug auf spezifische Aufmerksamkeitsfähigkeiten, die Selbstregulationsfähigkeit, die Empathiefähigkeit, psychische Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden in einem kontrollierten Prä-post-Design untersucht. In Studie I nahm eine 4. Klasse (n = 20) an einem sechswö-chigen Achtsamkeitsprogramm teil, während in Studie II eine 2. Klasse (n = 25) an einer modifizierten Version des Programms (20 Wochen) teilnahm. Die jeweilige Parallelklasse fungierte als Kontrollgruppe. Ergebnisse: a) 24 Studien konnten ausfindig gemacht werden, von denen 11 nicht publi-ziert sind. Größtenteils wurden kontrollierte Designs (k = 19) verwendet. Von Klasse 1 bis Klasse 12 nahmen insgesamt 1348 Schülerinnen und Schüler an einem Achtsamkeits-training teil und 871 fungierten als Kontrollgruppe. Die globalen Effekte beliefen sich auf g = 0.40 für kontrollierte und g = .41 für Prä-post-Effektgrößen. Domänenspezifische, kontrollierte Effektgrößen variierten zwischen g = 0.80 für Maße der kognitiven Perfor-manz und g = 0.19 für emotionale Probleme. Jedoch war die Varianz der Studieneffekte überzufällig groß. Sie konnte zum Teil durch die unterschiedliche Intensität der Pro-gramme aufgeklärt werden. b) In Studie I ergaben sich hypothesenkonträre Interaktionsef-fekte (Zeit x Gruppe) für drei Subskalen eines Lehrkräftefragebogens (Hyperaktivi-tät/Unaufmerksamkeit, Probleme mit Gleichaltrigen, prosoziales Verhalten, alle p ≤ .05). In Studie II zeigten sich hypothesenkonforme Interaktionseffekte (Zeit x Gruppe) für die von den Klassenlehrerinnen eingeschätzte Subskala Verhaltensprobleme (p ≤ .01) sowie für die von den Horterzieherinnen eingeschätzten Subskalen Probleme mit Gleichaltrigen und Prosoziales Verhalten (beide p ≤ .05). In Bezug auf spezifische Aufmerksamkeitsfä-higkeiten, die Selbstregulationsfähigkeit, die Empathiefähigkeit, das Wohlbefinden und den Gesamtwert für psychischen Auffälligkeiten waren keine Interaktionseffekte festzu-stellen. Die Evaluation ist grundsätzlich als durchführbar einzustufen, allerdings ist die Adäquatheit einiger der üblicherweise verwendeten Messinstrumente infrage zu stellen. Fazit: Die vorläufigen Belege für die Wirksamkeit von Achtsamkeitsprogrammen im Schulkontext erfordern Replikationen in methodisch hochwertigeren Untersuchungen. Bei der Methodenwahl sollten die Besonderheiten der Zielgruppe der Schülerinnen und Schüler sowie des Settings Schule stärker beachtet und für die Umsetzung innovativer Forschungsmethoden genutzt werden.…']] | ['2016'] | ['http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-1/de'] | ['commercial licence'] | [[{'@id': 'gnd:4162156-6'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4053474-1'}, {'@id': 'gnd:4297929-8'}]] | ['gnd:135912911', 'gnd:4053474-1', 'gnd:4162156-6', 'gnd:4297929-8', 'gnd:5059953-7', 'https://www.tib.eu/de/suchen/id/TIBKAT%3A870990810'] | ['Walach, Harald', 'Schule', 'Intervention', 'Achtsamkeit', 'Europa-Universität Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder)'] | 20 |
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