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Peter Kwame Agyekum
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Peter Kwame Agyekum yɛ nwoma twerɛfoɔ.
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Joseph Ampaabeng Kyeremeh
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Kan Commissioner for Cocoa Affairs wɔ SMC II nniso no mu, Po so Asraafo Panyin Joseph Ampaabeng Kyeremeh asi so dua sɛ Flt. Ɔsahene J.J. Rawlings popaa champagne toa bi bere a wɔbɔɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo baasa no ne asraafo panyin a wakɔ pɛnhyen no wu ho amanneɛ kyerɛɛ no no.
Bere a ɔkɔɔ National Reconciliation Commission (NRC) wɔ Accra nnɛra no, Naval Capt. Kyeremeh kae sɛ Dzandu a ɔyɛ atemmufo baasa no awudifo no mu biako ne asraafo panyin no kaa eyi kyerɛɛ no wɔ Nsawam Afiase wɔ afe 1983. Ɔkaa sɛ Amedeka a wonim no sɛ be owu kuw no kannifo no kaa saa oprehyɛn no ho asɛm pefee kyerɛɛ Ɔsahene Osei bere a na wɔn baanu nyinaa da afiase saa bere no. Naval Capt. Kyeremeh kaa sɛ ɔbɛpɛ sɛ ɔde Amedeka bɔneka no sie kɔsi berɛ a Commander Osei bɛba commission no anim.
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Akosua Gyamfua Fofie
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Fofie, Akosua Gyamfuaa Wɔwoo no wɔ Ɔpɛpɔn da a ɛtɔ so aduonu nkron, afe apem ahankron aduonum nson wɔ Brosankro, Ghana.
Nwomasua.
Osuani, Adabie Aguadi Kɔlege, Kumasi, 1972-1975.
Adwuma.
Ɔkwankyerɛfo panyin, Beginners Publication, Accra, Ghana, fi 1987.
Nneɛma a wɔatumi ayɛ.
Akosua Gyamfuaa Fofie yɛ obi a Marquis Who’s Who akyerɛw nhoma tintim so panyin a ɔda nsow.
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Solomon Kwame Opoku
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Solomon Kwame Opoku (wɔwoo no 1931) yɛ Ghana Ɔmanyɔfo.
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Essibrah William Amuah Cadman
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Essibrah William Amuah Cadman yɛ Ɔmanyɔfoɔ a ofi Ghana.
Adwuma.
Na amuah Cadman yɛ Mmarahyɛ Bagua a ɛdi kan wɔ Ghana Republik a edi kan no muni firi Ayɛwohomumɔ da 9, afe 1965 kɔsi Ɔgyefoɔ da a ɛtɔ so aduonu nnan, afe 1966. Eyi baa awiei ntɛm esiane sɛ wɔguu mmarahyɛ bagua no mu wɔ 1956 Gold Coast mmara abatow no akyi nti.
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Old Subri
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Old subri yɛ kuro bi a ɛwɔ atɔe mantam mu a ɛwɔ Ghana. kuro no wɔ wɔ bia Golden star Wassa Limited a ɔyɔ adwum kuw ɛtu famagudeɛ wɔ a ɛwɔ Ghana no mu baako. Nnipa a ɔwc kuro no mu no ka Wassa abusuakuw no ho (Wassa tribe).
Nnwuma a wayɛ.
Mpanyimfo ne wɔn a wɔte Subri Dedaw a ɛwɔ Wassa Atɔeɛ Mantam mu wɔ Kutawonsa bosome no mu wɔ afe 2023 mu no nyaa sika GH¢176,294.00 firi Ghana Rubber Estate Limited (GREL) hɔ sɛ wɔn mfa nyɛ mpɔtam hɔ nsuo ho adwuma. Ɔhene no kae sɛ, mmoa a ndwumakuw te sɛ, Golden Star Resource ne GREL, de ma wɔn bere a ɛsɛ mu no, ama wɔatumi adi ɔman no ahiade ho dwuma na wɔn dwumadibea ahorow no, anya nkɛntɛnso pa wɔ wɔn a wɔagye wɔn no asetena so.
Adwuma no bi ne nsu ho nneɛma a wɔde afiri ayɛ a wɔde ahama abien, ne nsuhina abiɛsa, ne nea wotumi de nsu lita 20,000 gu mu. Saa nhyehyeɛ yi botae ne sɛ ɛbɛboa ama mpɔtam hɔfo anya nsuo pa. Amanfo nsu adwuma no, a efii ase wɔ afe 2021 mu no, nyaa ɔhaw kakra esiane sɛ nsu a efi abura a edi kan no mu no anso. Wɔsan de abura foforo kaa ho, na seesei wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ ɛbɛboa nnipa bɛyɛ 1,400 wɔ Old Subri, Atɔe Fam Mantam no mu.
Amammerɛ mu Akannifo.
Ɔhene.
Nana Twumasi Ampaakwaw II.
Agodie.
Bɔɔlbɔ kuo.
Royal Jet FC: A division two football team in Ghana.
Akasakasa, Nsɛm a esisii, ne Asɛnni.
Akwanhyia.
Wukuda anwummere, bere a Royal Jet kuo no mufo nam kwan so rekɔ Old Subri, bere a wonyaa nkonimdi 2-0 wɔ Tarkwa United anim, wɔ kane akansi a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ Akon Park, Medeama SC fie a ɛwɔ Tarkwa, no, kuo no nyaa akwanhyia. Esiane asiane bi a esii wɔ Huni Valley-Damang kwan so nti, nnipa bebree a wɔyɛ Royal Jet FC, bɔɔlbɔ kuo a wɔdi akan wɔ ɔfa a ɛtɔ so mmienu, a wɔn gyinabea wɔ Old Subri a ɛwɔ Wassa East Ɔmantam wɔ Atɔe Mantam mu no, apira wɔn paa.
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Afua Asantewaa
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Afua Asantewaa Aduonum (wɔwoo Kotonima bosome ne da ɛtɔ so 11 wɔ afe 1990) a wonim no yiye sɛ Afua Asantewaa yɛ Ghanafoɔ nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔfoɔ ne ɔduadwumfoɔ, a seesei ɔrebɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔbɛbɔ Guinness world record ho dawuro wɔ nnwonto a ɛware sen biara ho. Ɔyɛ sɛnkyerɛwfo ne ɔpanyin a ɔhwɛ Askof Productions Ltd so a ɛyɛ Ghana Outstanding Women Awards, Pose For Africa Models Reality Show, ne Miss Kidi Ghana.
Mfiase asetra ne adwuma.
Afua Asantewaa Aduonum fii n'adwuma ase sɛ sɛnkyerɛwfo, na ɔyɛɛ adwuma maa Ghana nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ adwumakuw bebree.
Ɔwaree Kofi Aduonum, a ɔyɛ agumadi sɛnkyerɛwfo. Wɔwɔ mma baasa.
Nnwom a ɛware sen biara mu kyerɛwtohɔ.
Wɔ Ɔpɛnimma bosome no mu wɔ afe 2023 mu no, Afua Asantewaa bɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ ɔbɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔbɛto dwom a ɛware sen biara.
Ofii ase too nnwom wɔ Ɔpɛnimma bosome ne da a ɛtɔ so 24 wɔ afe 2023,
Wɔ Fida, Ɔpɛnimma bosome ne da a ɛtɔ so 29 wɔ afe 2023 mu no, Afua Asantewaa wiee mmɔden a ɔbɔe sɛ ɔbɛto dwom a ɛware sen biara wɔ marathon mu no. Ɔtoo dɔnhwerew 126 ne simma 52 boro nea na wadi kan ato saa dwom no wɔ afe 2012 mu no.
Wɔreyɛ Guinness World Record Attempt no wɔ Akwaaba village bi a ɛwɔ Accra, Ghana mu.
Ghanafoɔ a wɔagye din bebree atu kwan a akyerɛ Afua Asantewaa sɛ wɔn anisɔ no na wɔda no ase.
Ɛfa Ghana nnwontofo te sɛ KiDi, Kuami Eugene, Kojo Antwi, Fancy Gadam, Sista Afia, Efya, Wendy Shay, Celestine Donkor, Obaapa Christ ne wɔn a wɔyɛ sini te sɛ Nana Ama McBrown, Salinko, Akrobeto, and Fella Makafui, ne amanyɔfo mpo (Ɔmampanyin Abadiakyiri Mahamudu Bawumia kɔ ho kɔ ɔboa wɔn).
Sɛ yɛrekyerɛw saa asɛm yi (Ɔpɛnimma bosome ne da 29, 2:05 GMT) yi, Afua Asantewaa aboro nea obiara hwɛ kwan, ɔno ankasa de n'ani abere sɛ obedu nnɔnhwerew 120 na Sunil Waghmare de nnɔnhwerew 105 adi dwuma - Guinness World Record Holder ma Singathon - a odii saa dwuma yi wɔ 2012 mu.
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Dennis Edward Aboagye
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Dennis Edward Aboagye a wɔsan frɛ no Dennis Miracles Aboagye (Wɔwoo no 27 Ɔgyefoɔ,1985) yɛ Ghana amanyɔni na seesei wɔapaw no sɛ ɔmampanyin adwumayɛfoɔ a ɔhwɛ Aban Mpɔtam ne amammui na ɔsan wɔ asɛdeɛ foforɔ sɛ ɔmansoafoɔ panin ma Nsrahwɛ ahodoɔ ho nhyiamu boayikuo amammui mu.
Mfitiase Asetena ne Nhomasua.
Wɔwoo no na wɔtetee no wɔ Larteh Akuapem wɔ Ghana Apuei Fam mantan mu. Ɔyɛ n’awofo ba koro pɛ. Ɔhyɛɛ ne mfitiaseɛ sukuukɔ ase wɔ Larteh Presby Mfitiaseɛ Sukuu na akyiri no ɔkɔɔ Swedru International School (SWIS) baabi a ɔwiee ne mfitiaseɛ nhomasua,na afei ɔkɔɔ Okuapeman Sukuu ɛkɔ wiee ne ntoaso sukuu wɔ hɔ. Ne ntoaso sukuu akyi no,ɔkɔɔ Ghana Suapɔn mu baabi a onyaa Bachelor of Arts Degree wɔ Amanyɔsɛm mu . Ɔwɔ Chartered Postgraduate diploma sɛ aguadifoɔ wɔ The Chartered Institute of Marketing UK ne Chartered Marketer wɔ Chartered Institute of Marketing Ghana – CIMG. Ɔsan nso wɔ MBA wɔ aguadi mu wɔ Central University . .
Adwuma.
Dennis ayɛ adwuma wɔ adetɔn ne aguadi adwuma mu a ɛboro mfe du na ɔwɔ nimdeɛ wɔ nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma ntɛmntɛm ne sikasɛm mu nnwuma. Ɔsan nso yɛɛ adwuma wɔ pɛnhyen adwumayɛ mu baabi a ɔfirii ase sɛ adwumayɛfo panin na wɔ pagya no bɛyɛɛ ntamgyinafoɔ panin na afei wɔ pagya no bɛyɛɛ ɔfa ti a ɔhwɛ nkitahodi a ɛfa adetɔfoɔ ho. Na Dennis yɛ Apuei Fam mantam kwankyerɛfo ma Mmabun Nnwuma ne Ahokokwaw Nkɔso Asoɛe (YESDEC),dwumadie bi a Wiase Nyinaa Sikakorabea de sika boa a ɛhyɛ adwumayɛ ho nkuran. [https://www.asaaseradio.com/dennis-miracles-aboagye-appointed-as-director-for-local-governance-decentralization-and-rural-development-at-the-office-of-the-president/]
Amanyɔsɛm mu Adwuma.
Na ɔyɛ Nkuro Panin a ɔhwɛ Akuapem Atifi fam,na afei Nana Akuffo-Addo paw no sɛ ɔmanpanyin adwumayɛfo a ɔwɔ asɛdeɛ soronko wɔ aban mpɔtam,amammui ne nkurase nkɔsoɔ.
Wasom denam dibea ahorow so wɔ n’amanyɔkuo,New Patriotic Party mu. Ɔyɛ Nkitahodifo a odi kan ma Aban ne ne kuo no.Wasom sɛ kuo no panin wɔ abatoɔ beaeɛ ansa na ɔbɛyɛ amansin mmabun no ntamgyinafo ɛma Akropong Amansin. Na ɔyɛ ɔsatu kwankyerɛfoɔ ma ne kuo no wɔ Akropong mansin no mu wɔ afe 2008, 2012 ne 2016 Abatoɔ no mu.
Ɔyɛ n’amanyɔkuo no ɔfa wɔ amansin ne amantam mmeae.Ɔsom wɔ boayikuo ahodoɔ bi mu ma kuo no wɔ ɔmantam ne ɔman gyinabea a ɛboa wɔ nhyehyɛe a wɔde yɛ adwuma ne ne di. Dennis Somee sɛ Ɔboafo soronko maa Akropong Mmarahyɛ Baguani, Hon. William Ofori Boafo efi afe 2007 kosi 2013.
Wɔpaw Dennis sɛ Ɔmampanyin Abadiakyiri, HE Mahamudu Bawumia kasamafo Wɔ afe 2023 Ɔmampanyin abatoɔ no mu ma ne kuo New Patriotic Party.
Seesei yi ɔsom sɛ Ɔmampanyin Adwumayɛfo a ɔwɔ asɛdeɛ foforo sɛ Ɔkyerɛwfo Panin a ɔhwɛ Asomfo Ntam Nkitahodi Boayikuw a Ɛhwɛ amammui so, Asomfo Boayikuo a emufo yɛ du baako a Ɔmampanyin, HE Nana Addo Dankwah Akufo-Addo di wɔn Titenani a wɔde ahyɛde a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ amammuisɛm a wɔhyehyɛ ne nhyehyɛe a wɔasiesie a ɛbɛ ma amammui akɔ akyiri wɔ Ghana.
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Gianni Vernetti
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Gianni Vernetti (Torino, 1960) yɛ amanyɔni ne amanneɛbɔfo ɛwɔ Italy man mu
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Deloris Frimpong Manso
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Deloris Frimpong Manso, a wɔtaa frɛ no "Delay" yɛ adwumawura, television ne radio so dwumadi, ɔhwɛ ma kasa wɔ baguam, na ɔyɛ mmaa anoyiefoɔ wɔ Ghana
Adwuma.
Delay hyɛɛ n'adwuma ase wɔ radio so sɛ Ɔkyerɛkyerɛfo wɔ Life FM wɔ Nkawkaw a ɛwɔ Ghana apueɛ mantam mu wɔ afe 1999 a na wadi mfe 17. Akyire no, ɔtu kɔɔ Top Radio wɔ 2005 mu wɔ Ghana ahenkuro Accra mu, na ɔyɛɛ adwuma kɔsii afe 2007. Na w'afa saa radio adwumayɛbea no anɔpa dwumadi so. Akyire yi, Oman FM a wɔhyɛɛ no foforo no faa no adwuma wɔ afe 2007 mu, ɔtenaa hɔ kɔsii afe 2016.
Bere a na ɔne Oman FM reyɛ adwuma no, Delay hyɛɛ n'ankasa television dwumadi, Delay Show ase wɔ afe 2008 wɔ TV3. Wɔ afe 2011 mu no, ɔtwerɛɛ na ɔhyehyɛɛ TV so dwumadie a wɔfrɛ no Afia Schwarzenegger. Ne television adwumayɛbea, Maxgringo Productions, de television dwumadibea foforo bi a wɔato din 'Cocoa Brown' bae, a ɛyɛ asɛm a egyina ɔno ankasa asetena ankasa so.[https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/delay-brings-cocoa-brown.html]
Baguam ɔkasa.
Delay nso de ne ho ahyɛ baguam kasa mu, taa ka n'asetena mu suahu de hyɛ mmaa ne mmabun nkuran sɛ wɔn mmɔ mmɔden wɔ asetena mu. Na ɔyɛ 2018 mu ɔkasafoɔ titiriw wɔ 2018 International Youth Empowerment Summit (iYES) nhyiamu a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ National Theatre no mu. Efi saa bere no, Delay akasa wɔ dwumadi ahorow pii mu, a ebi ne 2nd Women's CEO Summit sɛ ɔkasafo titiriw; dwumadi no mu no, mmea a wɔwɔ dibea a asɛyɛde wom kaa wɔn asetenam osuahu wɔ dwumadibea biako so de hyɛɛ afoforo nkuran. Ɛmfa ho nsɛnnennen nyinaa no, n'asɛm no yɛ nkuranhyɛ ma mmerante ne mmabaa a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ ɔman no mu nyinaa. Ɔgyina hɔ sɛ nhwɛsoɔ, wɔtaa frɛ no "Oprah Winfrey" wɔ Ghana radio ne TV so. Delay nso de ne nkwa di dwuma sɛ Ɔdwumadifoɔ, a ɔwɔ adwumakuo a ɛyɛ Delay Mackerel ne Sardines de hyɛ mmeranteɛ ne mmaa nkuran sɛ wɔnnye wɔn ho nni na wɔnyere wɔn ho nhyɛ wɔn ankasa adwuma ase.
Ɔmampanyin botae.
Ɛte sɛ nea n’apɛde a ɔwɔ sɛ ɔbɛsom sɛ nhwɛsofo ama mmea wɔ ɔmanfo mu no nni anohyeto biara efisɛ nnansa yi ara Delay de too gua sɛ wasi ne bo sɛ ɔbɛyɛ ɔbea Ɔmampanyin a odi kan wɔ Ghana wɔ afe 2032. Ogye di sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ biribiara siw mmea kwan sɛ wɔbɛfa dibea a ɛkorɔn sen biara no bi wɔ ɔmanfo mu na wɔde wɔn ho ahyɛ ɔman no nsɛm a wɔhwɛ so no mu.
Nidi ne agyede a wɔde ma.
Wɔ afe 2018 mu no, Delay nyaa Mmea Tumi Abasobɔdeɛ wɔ 3G Abasobɔdeɛ a ɛwɔ New York, de kyerɛɛ ne mmaa ho adwemmɔne na ɔbɔɔ mmaa kwan wɔ ɔmanfoɔ mu. Ɔsan nso dii kan wɔ Pulse Gh list a ɛfa nnipa baanum a wɔagye din a wɔyɛ adwumaden sen biara wɔ ɔman no mu wɔ afe 2017 mu. Afe 2019 no, wɔmaa no yɛɛ no Ambassadors no mu baako ma iYES wɔ iYES a ɛtɔ so anum a wɔde sii hɔ wɔ Accra no mu. Ɔdii nkonim wɔ Ɔbaa a Ɔda Nsow wɔ Afe no mu ne Ɔbaa a Ɔda Nsow wɔ TV so ne Adwumayɛfoɔ a Ɔsen Biara wɔ Ghana Mmea a Wɔda Nsow Abasobɔdeɛ (GOWA) a ɛtɔ so mmiɛnsa wɔ afe 2020 mu.
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Berlinia
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Berlinia yɛ nhwiren abusua bi a ɛwɔ abusua Fabaceae mu . Nnua ahorow 21 a wofi Afrika Sahara anafo fam, fi Guinea kosi Chad, Tanzania, Mozambique, ne Angola ka ho.
"Berlina" ahorow nyin wɔ Guineo–Congo kwae a ɛwɔ equatorial atɔe fam ne mfinimfini Afrika, ne nsakrae kwae–savanna mosaic abɔso a ɛwɔ kwae mantam no atifi ne anafo fam no mu.
Wonim fossil pollen a wobetumi aka sɛ efi abusua no mu fi Eocene ( Ypresian ) a ɛwɔ Afrika no mu.
Nkyekyɛmu ahodoɔ.
Ankorankoro ahorow 21 a "Plants of the World Online" gye toom de besi August 2023:
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Berlinia confusa
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Berlinia confusa yɛ Berlinia nhwiren afifide ahorow 21 a ɛwɔ Afrika no mu biako. Wɔtaa hu no wɔ africa atɔe fam na Hoyle na ohui.
Saa dua yi wɔ abotiri kurukuruwa te sɛ sphere fa a ɛkɔ 15 - 40m, na ne dua no yɛ tẽẽ a enni nkorabata, na ɛkɔ soro kodu 23m na ne kɛse yɛ 60–100 cm. Ebetumi ayɛ tiaa, akyeakyea, anaasɛ ayɛ sɛ sanku.
Ɛyɛ Dua a ɛware, wɔde di dwuma mpɛn pii (aduan, nnuru, nneɛma) shades kɔfe, ɛma nnua a ɛsom bo.
Nnuruyɛ mu.
Ahaban a ɛwɔ tumi a ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ebetumi atu nyinsɛn no nso ma wonya aduru a wɔde sa aso mu haw ahorow. Nneɛma a ɛyɛ adwuma te sɛ alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, ne tannins pii wɔ nhaban no mu, na flavones nso wɔ mu.
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Voacanga africana
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Voacanga africana yɛ dua ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ Afrika atɔe fam a ɛka Apocynaceae abusua no ho a ne tenten yɛ mita 6 (anammɔn 20 ) na n'ahaban tenten yɛ sɛntimita 30 (nsateakwaa 12 ). Aba no yɛ kɔkɔɔ anaa fitaa, na ne nhwiren no yɛ nkuku, na ne nhwiren no mu nso yɛ kɔkɔɔ. Ɛyɛ afifide bi a etumi dwudwo CNS depressants ne hypotensives.
Nkyerɛkyerɛmu.
Voacanga africana yɛ dua ketewa bi a ne tenten bɛyɛ mita 6 (anammɔn 20) a ne abotiri a ɛtrɛw. Ahaban no yɛ abien abien a ɛne ne ho bɔ abira, ɛyɛ ahabammono tuntum a ɛhyerɛn wɔ soro na ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ ase. Nhwiren fitaa anaa kɔkɔɔ no yɛ akuwakuw nketewa a wɔsoa wɔ nhaban no akyi anaa nkorabata no awiei. Nnuaba a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa a ɛyɛ ahabammono tuntum a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no taa nyin abien abien na aba a wɔde ahyɛ aduru kɔkɔɔ bi mu wom.
Abakɔsɛm.
Wɔtoo din Voacanga africana maa afifide ho nimdefo Otto Stapf wɔ afe 1894 mu, bere a onyaa saa nnua no bi fii George Scott-Elliot, a na ɔresom wɔ Sierra Leone Boundary Commission no nkyɛn no. Efi bere a wohuu no wɔ afe 1894 mu no, afifide ho animdefo susuw sɛ afifide no nni mfaso kɛse biara wɔ sikasɛm mu, gye sɛ ɛyɛ biribi a wɔde ka rubber ho. Eyi sesae bere a, wɔ afe 1955 mu no, Franse nnuruyɛfo Maurice Marie-Janot ne Robert Goutarel yii alkaloid ahorow abiɛsa fii Voacanga africana mu a na wogye di sɛ wobetumi de adi dwuma wɔ komayare ho no. Wiase nyinaa ani gyei wɔ dua no ho sɛ ɛyɛ nnuru a mfaso wɔ so, na ɛnnɛ dua no yɛ nnua a ɛnyɛ nnua a wɔtɔn fi Ghana, Cameroon, ne Nigeria, ne Cote d'Ivoire.
Sɛnea wɔde di dwuma.
Ɛyɛ afifide a ɛwɔ alkaloid pii a ɛne aduru a ɛko tia asanom bebrebe a wɔfrɛ no ibogaine no wɔ abusuabɔ, a nea ɛka ho bi ne aduro bi a wɔfrɛ no CB1 receptor antagonist a ɛwɔ hɔ wɔ honam mu no. Wɔde afifide no mu alkaloid biako, voacangine, adi dwuma sɛ biribi a edi kan a wɔde yɛ ibogaine. Wobetumi de voacamidine ne voacamine atetew mu de ama voacangine so aba. Bere a wohu ibogaine kakra wɔ Voacanga africana ntini dua mu no, wonhu no wɔ dodow a ɛsɛ mu a ɛbɛma anya aduru anaa adwenemyare. Wɔde nnua yi mu nnuru nso yɛ aduru bi a wɔfrɛ no vinpocetine a wɔde sa Alzheimer yare, ne vinblastine a wɔde sa mogya mu yare no.
Afe 1998 no, Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants a Christian Rätsch kyerɛwee no kaa Voacanga abusua no ho asɛm, na ɛkae sɛ wɔde saa abusua no mu nnipa pii di dwuma wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam esiane wɔn adwenemyare no nti. Efi afe 2007 mu no, nsɛm a enni nnyinaso pii na atrɛw sɛ Ghana de dua no dua ne ne aba di dwuma sɛ awuduru, nea ɛkanyan adwene, ne ne nsɛsodeɛ esiane Wikipedia mu asɛm bi a ɛfa dua no ho a Ghana ɔbadwemma bi de kɔmaa wɛbsaet bi a ɛrebɔ aba no ho dawuru nti. Nhwehwɛmu bi a National Institute of Health Sciences a ɛwɔ Tokyo, Japan yɛɛ wɔ afe 2009 mu no kyerɛe sɛ Voacanga africana aba a wɔtɔn wɔ intanɛt so no yɛ nneɛma ahorow a emu biara wɔ nnuru ahorow.
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Xylopia villosa
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Xylopia villosa yɛ nnua bi a wɔfrɛ no kirimoja a Thomas Ford Chipp kaa ho asɛm. Xylopia villosa ka Xylopia abusua no ho ne kirimoja nnua no abusua no.
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Bidens pilosa
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Bidens pilosa yɛ afifide bi a ɛsow aba afe afe a ɛwɔ daisy abusua Asteraceae mu. Ne din a wɔtaa de frɛ no no bi ne hitch hikers, black-jack, beggarticks, farmer's friends ne Spanish needle, nanso nea wɔtaa frɛ no ne cobblers pegs. Ɛwɔ Amerika mantam mu, nanso wɔkyekyɛ no wɔ mmeae pii wɔ wiase nyinaa a ebi ne Eurasia, Afrika, Australia, South America ne Pacific Nsupɔw so. Wɔ Chishona mu no, wɔfrɛ no tsine.
Nkyerɛkyerɛmu.
Bidens pilosa yɛ afifide bi a wotwa no afe biara a ne tenten yɛ mita 1.8. Ɛrenyin ntɛmntɛm wɔ asase a wɔadwudwo no so, na ɛtaa dan wura. Nnuaba no nyinaa wɔ ɔkwan a ɛne no bɔ abira so, na ebi yɛ nketenkete, , na nnuaba a ɛwɔ so no yɛ nketenkete abiɛsa kosi anum, ebi yɛ nketenkete, Nnua a ɛwɔ so no wɔ ntaban kakra.
Dua no betumi afifide bere biara wɔ afe no mu, nanso ne titiriw no wɔ ahohuru bere mu ne otwabere mu wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew. Nhwiren no yɛ ti nketewa a ɛwɔ nhwiren tenten so. N'atifi no yɛ nhwiren akɛse anan anaa anum a wɔde kɔla kɔkɔɔ na ɛreyɛ aba.
Aba no yɛ nkatabo a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, na ɛwowɔ kɔkɔɔ, na ne tenten bɛyɛ sɛntimita 1, na ɛtaa yɛ nkatabo abien anaa abiɛsa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, na ɛwowɔ ntɛtɛ pii.
Aba no yɛ nsensanee a ɛte sɛ nsoromma, na ne tɛtrɛtɛ yɛ sɛntimita biako anaa abien. Achenes no nsɔe a ano yɛ nsɔe no tra nnipa anaa mmoa nhwi, wɔn honam ani nhwi, wɔn ntade, ne nea ɛkeka ho mu bere a wɔretwe wɔn ho afi afi afifide no ho. Ɛyɛ ɔkwan pa a wɔfa so trɛw aba no mu, esiane sɛ mmoa na wɔtwe aba no nti. Saa kwan yi na ama afifide no abɛyɛ nwura bɔne wɔ mmeae a ewim yɛ nwini ne mmeae a ewim yɛ hyew. Akwan a wɔfa so siesie wɔn ho no betumi apira wɔn honam.
Nkyekyɛmu.
The species is native to tropical America, widely naturalized throughout the warm temperate and tropical regions of the world. Ɛyɛ afifide a ɛwɔ turo mu, kwae mu, ne baabi a ɛhɔ yɛ kwae.
Din a wɔtaa de frɛ no.
Ne din a wɔtaa de frɛ no ne black-jack, beggarticks, hairy beggarticks, cobbler's pegs, devil's needles, hairy bidens, Spanish needle, farmers' friend, Devils Pitchfork, hitch hikers and sticky beaks.
Sɛnea wɔde di dwuma.
Ɛwom sɛ wɔfa Bidens pilosa sɛ nwura bi de, nanso wɔ wiase mmeae pii no, ɛyɛ aduan ne aduru nso. N'ahaban no wɔ dɛ, na wodi no sɛm, wɔtõ, anaa wɔomede sie. Ɛho hia titiriw wɔ Afrika apuei fam, baabi a wɔfrɛ no michicha.
Wɔ Vietnam, wɔ Vietnam Ko no mu no, asraafo[which? wɔfaa dua no sɛ nnuaba, na ɛno na ɛmaa wɔfrɛɛ no "ɔsraani nnuaba". Sɛ ɛyɛ ketewaa a, wotumi de nsa yi no, na ɛno mpo a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde hyɛ nkotoku mu, na ntokuru a ɛyɛ den betumi asiw no kwan.
Wɔ Chinafo amammerɛ mu no, wobu saa afifide yi sɛ aduru a wɔfrɛ no xian feng cao (Chinese: ⁇ 豐草). Wɔ Bafumbira aduruyɛ mu no, wɔde saa afifide yi si ɔyare foforo so na wɔfrɛ no inyabalasanya. Wɔde Bidens pilosa mu nnuru di dwuma wɔ Afrika Anafo fam de sa atiridii
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Pachypodanthium staudtii
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Pachypodanthium staudtii yɛ nnua a ɛwɔ Annonaceae a ɛwɔ mmeae a owia bɔ wɔ hɔ no bi, na ɛwo wɔ kwae a ɛso yɛ frɔmfrɔm a efi Sierra Leone kosi Zaire mu. Esiane sɛ ɛyɛ aduru nti, wɔsom no kɛse, titiriw wɔ aduruyɛ a nkurɔfo de di dwuma mu nti, wobu ne dua a wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛsa yare no.
Nkyerɛkyerɛmu.
Ɛyɛ dua a ne tenten yɛ mita 15 kosi 50, na ne tratraa yɛ sɛntimita 20. Wonya no wɔ kwae a nsu nnɔ hɔ anaa kwae a nsu ntaa ntɔ hɔ a ɛwɔ mita 100 kosi 900 atifi fam .
Sɛnea wɔde di dwuma.
Pachypodanthium staudtii dua no yɛ ade a wɔde di dwuma wɔ nnuruyɛ mu, wɔde di dwuma esiane sɛ ɛboa ma ɛyaw fi hɔ, na ɛboa ma wɔsa ahrawa mu haw ahorow, na ɛko tia mmoawammoawa, na ɛsa nyarewa te sɛ nsu a ɛtwe obi fi n'apɔw mu, ne ntontom, ne ɔyare a wɔfrɛ no gout no. Bio nso, wɔde di dwuma wɔ nnuruyɛ mu de ko tia kokoram ne nsanyare. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ nnua mu no daa no adi sɛ tannin ne nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a ɛma ɛyɛ nea mfaso wɔ so wɔ ayaresa mu. Bio nso, emu nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a etumi kum nkoekoemmoa ne nkekantwɛre, na ɛno nti, etumi boa ma wɔko tia mmoawammoawa. Afei nso, nnɔbae a ɛwɔ dua no so no tumi yɛ awuduru a wɔde kum agyan, ne nnuru a wɔde yɛ nnuhwam. Wɔ nnua no ne ne ho nnua akyi no, wɔde di dwuma wɔ adansi, duadwumfo adwuma, ne nneɛma foforo a ɛtete saa mu.
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Cola gigantea
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Cola gigantea (anaa Giant Cola tree) yɛ dua bi a ɛwɔ abusua Sterculiaceae (ɔsom mu su) anaa Malvaceae (ɔsom mu su) mu , na ɛtrɛw wɔ aman pii a ɛwɔ Afrika atɔe fam no mu.
Ne din afoforo.
Ɛwɔ din ahorow pii a egyina kasa horow so.
Wɔ Uganda no , yɛde mutumbwe di dwuma wɔ Luganda kasa mu , kitoko wɔ Luamba kasa mu , awe-awe wɔ Lugbara kasa mu , mulehe wɔ Lukiga kasa mu , kikura wɔ Lhukonzo kasa mu , mujugangoma wɔ Runyankole kasa mu , Runyoro kasa mu ne Rutoro kasa mu .
Wɔ Ivory Coast no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ no grand ouara a ɛne petit ouara (Cola lateritia ) bɔ abira anaa mpo awapu, wawapu (akan-asanté ); daba, uara, wara (abé ); bo (baoulé ); awa (akye ); wobized (brong ); amio, awapu, bafoalé, bafuaré, dabu-dabu, waré, wawapu (anyi 3 ).
Woutin (anaa owutin, ogodo) yɛ din a wɔde di dwuma wɔ Benin
Nkyerɛkyerɛmu.
Cola gigantea yɛ dua a ne nhaban yɛ akɛse, na ne tenten bɛyɛ mita 50. N'abedua no yɛ tuntum anaa kɔkɔɔ, na ne mu atetew .
Wɔ afifide nketewa mu no, n'ahaban yɛ nkatabo 3 kosi 5 . Wɔwɔ nnua a ne tenten yɛ 4 kosi 20 cm, na ne tenten ne ne tɛtrɛtɛ yɛ bɛyɛ 45 cm. Wɔ afifide a abere no mu no, n'ahaban yɛ nkesua, tenten yɛ 15 kosi 40 cm, na ne tɛtrɛtɛ yɛ 10 kosi 35 cm. Wɔyɛ ahabammono a ani hyerɛn wɔ soro na wɔde fitaa kata fam .
Nhwiren no tenten yɛ cm 5 kosi 20, na nhwiren no gu nhwiren a ɛyɛ huam a enni nhwiren biara so. Aduaba no yɛ dɛ
Eyinom yɛ nkwammoaa bi a ɛwɔ nkwammoaa a ne tenten bɛyɛ sɛ sɛntimita 3.5 na ne tɛtrɛtɛ bɛyɛ sɛ sɛntimita 2
Nkyekyɛmu ne baabi a efi.
Cola gigantea yɛ nnua bi a ɛwɔ Afrika atɔe fam, efi Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan kosi Uganda
Dua a enyin ntɛmntɛm yi te savannah ne kwae a emu nnua nyinaa gu nnua so, a ɛwɔ mita 900 kosi 1,500 ntam, baabi a ɛtaa yɛ nnua ahorow a ɛsom bo no mu biako .
Sɛnea wɔde di dwuma.
Wɔtumi de Cola gigantea di dwuma wɔ akwan pii so. Wɔkyerɛ dua kɛse yi ho anisɔ esiane ne sunsuma nti. Wɔsan dua no sɛ ahyɛnsode, ɛtɔ da bi a, na wɔtete no nkutoo wɔ turo mu .
Mmoa bi te sɛ nkekantwɛre ne nnomaa di aduaba no bi. Sɛ aba no yɛ kakraa bi a, nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ no betumi adi aba no .
Nnua no mu yɛ hare, na emu yɛ den kakra, na emu nso yɛ nketenkete. Ne ho nyɛ den, na ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ den sɛ obi ne no bɛyɛ adwuma. Nanso, wɔde yɛ nnua, adansi, ne nneɛma nketenkete a wɔde di dwuma da biara da . Atetesɛm mu nnuru
fa nnua ne nnuaba, ne titiriw no, n'ahaban di dwuma . Adesua bi a wotintimii wɔ afe 2012 mu no kyerɛe sɛ , sɛ wɔde Cola gigantea ahabammono a ɛwɔ nnuannuru ahorow bi mu di dwuma a , etumi ka yare mmoawa ho , na etumi ka yare mmoawa .
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Trichilia martineaui
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Trichilia martineaui yɛ dua bi a ne din de dicotyledonous a Aubrev kaa ho asɛm. & Pellegr. Trichilia martineaui ka Trichilia ne abusua Meliaceae ho . Wɔankyerɛw ɔbosom biara wɔ Catalogue of Life mu.
Nkyerɛkyerɛmu.
Trichilia martineaui (a wɔsan frɛ no White Cedar, wɔ din afoforo pii a wɔtaa de frɛ no) yɛ dua a ɛso yɛ frɔmfrɔm a ne tenten yɛ mita 25, na ne ntini tenten yɛ sɛntimita 70. Ɛwɔ Amerika Mfinimfini ne Anafo fam, na ɛwɔ kwae a ɛwɔ asase ase a nsu wɔ hɔ no mu.
Sɛnea wɔde di dwuma ne mfaso ahorow.
Trichilia martineaui yɛ nnua a ɛyɛ fɛ wɔ turo mu, na ɛsan yɛ dua a ɛbɔ ban. Bio nso, ɛyɛ ade titiriw wɔ atetesɛm mu aduruyɛ mu, wɔde di dwuma de tew atiridii, ɛkuru, ne honam mu yare ahorow so.
Baabi a wubenya Trichilia martineaui.
Trichilia martineaui fi Amerika Anafo fam, Amerika Mfinimfini fam, ne Caribbean mmeae a osu tɔ no.
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Pycnanthus angolensis
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Pycnanthus angolensis yɛ dua bi a ɛka nnua a ɛwɔ abusua a wɔfrɛ no Myristicaceae ho. Ɛwɔ Tropical Afrika. Ne din a wɔtaa de frɛ no wɔ Borɔfo mu no bi ne "African nutmeg, false nutmeg, boxboard, ne cardboard. Wɔ Afrika no, wɔfrɛ no ilomba.
Nkyerɛkyerɛmu.
Saa dua a ɛyɛ ahabammono yi tenten bɛtumi aduru mita 40, na ne tɛtrɛtɛ taa yɛ mita biako, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a etumi du mita 1.5 anaa nea ɛboro saa. N'ahaban yɛ tẽẽ, na ɛyɛ dwoodwoo, na ne mu akyekyere. Nsu no kɔla te sɛ ɛwo, na bere rekɔ so no, ɛdan kɔkɔɔ. N'abaa ahorow no yɛ akutu. N'ahaban a ɛte sɛ aboa nhoma no tenten bɛyɛ sɛntimita 31 na ne tɛtrɛtɛ yɛ sɛntimita 9. N'apɔw no ano yɛ akyea, ne ase yɛ sɛ koma, na ne mpantan mu yɛ duru. Wɔn ti so nni nhwi, na nhwi a ɛte sɛ ɔfasu a ɛyɛ nwini wɔ wɔn akyi. Mpɛn pii no, mmoawammoawa na ɛsɛee nkyɛm no, na ɛyɛ su a abu so araa ma wobu no sɛ ɛyɛ saa mmoawammoawa no ankasa su. Nhwiren no yɛ nkuku a ɛyɛ den a ɛyɛ kɔbere kɔbere a ne tenten yɛ santimita 15. Ɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu nhwiren no mu biara wɔ nhwiren no mu kosi sɛ ne nhwiren no bɛtete, na ne tenten bɛyɛ milimita biako pɛ. Nhwiren no yɛ nhwi a ɛyɛ huam. Aba no yɛ akutu a ne tenten ne ne tɛtrɛtɛ boro santimita 3. Sɛ ɛyɛ foforo a, ne kɔla yɛ tuntum kɔkɔɔ, na ɛdan kɔla kɔkɔɔ kɔkɔɔ, na ne honam yɛ mmoawammoawa, na ɛwo te sɛ nnua. Ɛwɔ aba tuntum bi a ne kɔla yɛ kɔkɔɔ bi a ɛte sɛ nea ɛwɔ nutmeg mu. Aba no nyin bere tenten kɔsi sɛ ɛbɛto aba a edi hɔ, a efi ase bɛyɛ October mu.
Abɔde a Atwa Yɛn Ho Ahyia Ho Adesua.
Dua no nyin wɔ kwae a nsu wɔ so a ne tenten bɛyɛ mita 1,200 no mu. Ɛkɔ so wɔ kwae foforo mu, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛtra kwae foforo mu. Ɛrenyin wɔ mmeae a owia bɔ hɔ. Ɛnyin wɔ kwae a ɛda mpoano te sɛ kwae akɛse mu, na wɔ mmeae bi no, wotumi hu no wɔ atɛkyɛ mu. Ɛkɔ so wɔ mmeae a osu tɔ bɛyɛ milimita 1,300 kosi 1,800 afe biara, nanso ɛte sɛ nea osu tɔ bɛyɛ milimita 2,000 pɛ.
Mmoa pii di nnuaba no, te sɛ nnuaba bi a wɔfrɛ no hornbills.
Sɛnea wɔde di dwuma.
Nnipa tumi de saa mmoadoma yi di dwuma wɔ akwan pii so.
Wɔtwitwa no ma ne nnua a ɛyɛ hyerɛn, ɛyɛ mmerɛ, na ɛyɛ fitaa anaa kɔkɔɔ kɔkɔɔ no. N'agye din kɔɔ soro wɔ Wiase Ko II akyi bere a na plywood ho hia no, na wɔ afeha a ɛto so 20 no mfinimfini no, na ɛyɛ nnua a ɛsom bo paa wɔ Central Africa. Ɛnyɛ den koraa na ɛyɛ den sɛ wobetwa, nanso ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobetwa na wɔde ayɛ adwuma, na wotumi de yɛ nneɛma pii. Ɛfata sɛ wɔde si ɔdan mu, na wɔde si dan mu nso te sɛ paneɛ a wɔde si ɔdan mu, ɔdan ho mpomma, ɔdan atifi, ne ɔdan ho mpomma. Wɔde yɛ anyinam ahoɔden ne krataa. Nnua no betumi anya nsanyare, nnɔte, ne mmoawa afoforo.
Wɔfrɛ srade a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ anaa kɔkɔɔ a efi aba a ɛyɛ huam yi mu no "kombo butter" anaa "Angola tallow". Nnuan no mu betumi adu srade mu ɔha mu nkyem 70. Wɔde yɛ kanea na wɔde yɛ samina. Wɔde aba a aka no yɛ aduhuam. Sɛ wɔhyew aba a ɛyɛ ngo no a, ɛrehyew nkakrankakra na wobetumi de ayɛ kanea.
Wɔ Uganda no, wodua dua no wɔ banana, kɔfe, ne cocoa mfuw mu de ma nnɔbae no sunsuma.
Wɔde dua no afa pii adi dwuma wɔ Afrika atetesɛm aduruyɛ mu. Wɔde saa ntasu yi di mogya a ɛretu no so. Wɔde dua no dua ayɛ aduru a ɛko tia awuduru ne aduro a wɔde sa kwata, mogya a enni mu, nyinsɛn a wontumi nwo, ɔyare a wɔfrɛ no gonorrhea, ne atiridii. Wodi nnuaba a efi mu no anaa wɔde hyɛ nsu mu de sa edema. Wɔde ntini a wɔayi afi mu no di nsanyare te sɛ schistosomiasis ho dwuma. Wɔde aba ngo no sa yare a wɔfrɛ no thrush.
Te sɛ ngo a ɛwɔ nutmeg mu no, kombo bata no dodow no ara yɛ myristic acid, a myristoleic acid pii wɔ mu nso. Ɛka nkwammoaa soronko bi a wɔfrɛ no kombic acid, a wɔde dua no din na ɛtoo dua no din a ɛne P. kombo no.
Din a wɔtaa de frɛ no.
Din a wɔtaa de frɛ afifide yi wɔ kasa pii mu. Wɔfrɛ no mkungu mwitu wɔ Swahili kasa mu, akwa-mili ne oje wɔ Igbo kasa mu, lunaba ne munaba wɔ Luganda kasa mu, akomu wɔ Yoruba kasa mu, calabo wɔ Spanish kasa mu, ne arbre à suif ne faux muscadier wɔ French kasa mu. Nananom bi ne pó casson wɔ Sao Tomé ne Príncipe, gboyei wɔ Sierra Leone ne Liberia, otie wɔ Ghana, eteng wɔ Cameroon, lolako wɔ Zaire, ne adria, effoi, hétéré, qualélé, ne walélé wɔ Ivory Coast.
Ɔkwan a wɔfa so dua.
Wodua saa dua yi de pɛ n'aba. Wodua aba no wɔ afuw mu, na wɔtete aba no wɔ afifideyɛ mu kosi sɛ ebenya ntini akɛse. Wontumi nnyina ɔpɛ ano. Afe akyi no, dua no tenten bɛyɛ mita fa, na mfe 4 akyi no, etumi nyin bɛyɛ mita 4. Dua bi a adi mfe 20 tumi tenten yɛ mita 25. Wɔtwa nnua a wɔtete so no so na wɔtew so bere ne bere mu.
Wɔahu mmoawa bi te sɛ Monochamus scabiosus ne Mallodon downesi ne ntontom te sɛ Ophiostoma sp., nanso ɛnyɛ ɔhaw kɛse. Dua a wɔatwa no foforo no betumi asesa ne kɔla esiane mmoawammoawa a wɔredɔɔso nti, dua a ne kɔla yɛ hyerɛn no betumi asesa ayɛ kɔla tuntum kɔkɔɔ. 9
Wubetumi atwa nnua no bere a ne tenten yɛ santimita 50 no, bere a wɔadi mfe 30 no.
Akuafo a wɔwɔ Ghana no yɛ nnua a wɔde yɛ kombo butter no.
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Vernonia amygdalina
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Vernonia amygdalina, a ɛwɔ daisy abusua no mu no yɛ dua ketewaa bi a ɛnyini wɔ Afrika mmeaɛ a nsuo tɔ hɔ na owia bɔ kɛseɛ paa. V. amygdalina taa nyin kɔ soro kɔduru mita 2–5 (anammɔn 6.6–16.4). Nhaban no yɛ kurukuruwa na ne tenten bɛyɛ sɛntimita 20 (7.9 in)tenten. Ahahan no akyi no ani nyɛ ntorontoron.
Wɔtaa frɛ V. amygdalina ahaban a ɛyɛ nwononwono wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu esiane ne dɛ a ɛyɛ nwononwono nti. Afrikafoɔ din afoforo a wɔtaa frɛ no bi ne Congo Bololo (D. R. Congo), ebicha (Oromo), grawa (Amharic), ewuro (Yoruba), etidot (Efik), onugbu (Igbo), ityuna (Tiv), oriwo (Edo), Awɔnwono (Akan chusar-doki anaa shuwaka (Hausa), mululuza (Luganda), labwori (Acholi), olusia (Luo), ndoleh (Cameroon), Umubirizi (Kinyarwanda) ne olubirizi (Lusoga).
Nea yɛde yɛ.
Aduane
Ahaban yɛ nhabannuru titire a wɔde yɛ nkwan ne abomu a ɛwɔ amammerɛ ahodoɔ mu wɔ equatorial Africa nyinaa. Wɔhohoro sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ne nwononwono no so bɛte, na ɛno akyi no, wɔho na wɔde ayɛ nam akɔnnɔakɔnnɔwadeɛ.Wɔ Nigeria no, wɔde nhaban nso si "hops" ananmu de yɛ "beer". Wobɛtumi nso de nhaban no ayɛ nkwan, aduane a ɛyɛ dɛ a ɛyɛ amammerɛ nkwan a ɛwɔ Nigeria no mu baako. Ɛyɛ Igbofoɔ a wɔwɔ Nigeria Apueɛ fam no kurom.
Foforɔ
Wɔ Nigeria no, wɔde nkorabata ne nnua a ɛfiri saa afifideɛ yi mu di dwuma sɛ dua a wɔde twi wɔn se ne nea wɔde yɛ samina wɔ Uganda. Wɔ Ghana no, nhaban nketewa mmom sen deda no, anyini e
esiane ne tumi a ɛko tia akireyreyare ne ɔyare mmoawa nti; na wɔde mmoa nhwɛsɛode ada no adi.
Wɔ Nigeria Atifi fam no, wɔde aka apɔnkɔ aduane ho de ayɛ aduru a ɛhyɛ den anaa ɛma srade a wɔfrɛ no ‘Chusar Doki’ wɔ Hausa kasa mu.Wɔde nhaban no nso di dwuma wɔ Ethiopia sɛ "hops" wɔ tela beer a wɔyɛ mu. Wɔde nhaban yi sa atiridiinini yareɛ a wɔfrɛ no sɛ quinine–a wɔde si nananmu wɔ Nigeria ne Afrika aman afoforɔ bi mu. Wɔde nhaban nketewa no di dwuma wɔ amanfoɔ nnuru yɛ mu sɛ nnuru a ekum mmoawa yareɛ, ɛko tia asramm, aduru a wɔde te akisikuru/ahohoro, enema, nea ɛma nsuo firi nipadua mu, nea ɛpam nwansena ne nea ɛma mmaa wɔnntumi nwo wo mu. Nnuruyɛfoɔ ne abɔdeɛ mu nnuruyɛfoɔ pii akamfo nsuo a wɔde yiyi mu no akyerɛ wɔn ayarefoɔ sɛ wɔmfa nsa wɔn a wɔyare, wɔn akisikuru, asikyiriyare, wɔn a wɔnim ato, akisikuru ne yafunu mu haw afoforɔ. Wɔaka nso sɛ ɛwɔ tumi a ɛma nsuo fi nipadua mu ne natriuretic.
Zoopharmacognosy
Wɔ wuram no, wɔahu sɛ chimpanzee we nhaban no berɛ a wɔrehu amane wɔ mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba mu no.
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Flacourtia flavescens
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Flacourtia flavescens (the Indian plum) yɛ dua ketewaa bi a nsɔe wom a ɛwɔ Afrika ne Asia mmeae a osu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse. Ɛma nnuaba a wotumi di a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ anaa borɔdɔma, bere a ne nhaban nso yɛ nea wotumi di na wotumi de yɛ salad anaa nnuan a wɔanoa.
Ɛtaa wɔ Asia Anafo Fam Apuei na wɔtaa hu wɔ aman te sɛ India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, ne Malaysia.
Ho asɛm.
Indiafo plum yɛ dua a ɛyɛ den, enyin brɛoo, na ne tenten du anammɔn 10-20. Ɛdannan asase ahorow yiye, ɛko tia ɔpɛ, na ɛda adi sɛ ɛko tia mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae ne nyarewa. Nnuaba nketewa, kurukuruwa, kɔkɔɔ anaa borɔdɔma no yɛ dɛ na ɛyɛ tart, vitamin A ne C pii wom, na ɛfata sɛ wodi no foforo anaasɛ wɔyɛ no jam, jelly, ne pie.
Wɔnam aba anaa nea wɔatwitwa so na ɛma Flacourtia flavescens trɛw. Aba no nya mfaso fi asase a nsu fa mu yiye ne baabi a nsu wɔ bere nyinaa na ama afifi yiye. Saa ara nso na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde dua a wuatwa mu ntini sa nnua a wɔatwitwa a wonya fi nnua a ɛyɛ den fa mu no yare ansa na wɔde akɔ asase a nsu fa mu yiye mu akɔdua. Tebea horow a eye sen biara a ɛma onyin no hwehwɛ sɛ obi benya baabi a owia bɔ kɛse na wɔagugu so nsu daa.
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Lecaniodiscus cupanioides
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Lecaniodiscus cupanioides yɛ Lecaniodiscus afifide ahorow abiɛsa a ɛwɔ Afrika mmeae a osu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse no mu biako. Ɛyɛ dua tenten bi a n’abotiri trɛw na ne nkorabata ba fam, na enyin bɛyɛ mita 12 anaa nea ɛboro saa. Wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so nnuruyɛ"(Traditional medicine)" mu, na ɛma wonya nnua ne aduan nso. Wɔtaa twa fi wuram, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a wodua ma sunsuma anaa wɔgye mframa wɔ ase wɔ nkuraa ase na wodua de yɛ agude nso.
Abakɔsɛm ne dwuma a wɔde di.
Wɔde di dwuma mpɛn pii wɔ aduruyɛ mu, a mpɛn pii no nyansahu mu adwuma a wɔyɛ wɔ wɔn nneɛma a ɛyɛ adwuma no so si so dua. Sɛ wɔhua a, wɔde ne dua no sa tiyɛ, sinusitis, otitis, aniwa anaa aso mu haw.
Lecaniodiscus cupanioides yɛ afifide bi a ɛwɔ mmeae a osu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse. Na wohu wɔ Afrika ne Asia, na wɔde din ahorow frɛ no wɔ Nigeria a Ukpo, Utantan, Kafi-nama-zaki, ne Akika ka ho. Ɛwɔ mmusuakuw mu aduruyɛ mu ntease a wɔde sa akuru, yafunu a ɛho ahonhon a ɛde mmerɛbo mu akisikuru ba, atiridiinini, akisikuru, hepatomegaly, ne ɔhyew ("burns").
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Ananas comosus
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Ananas comosus a wɔ frɛ no Aborɔbɛ wɔ Twi kasa mu anaa Pineapple wɔ Brofo kasa mu. yɛ afifideɛ a ɛwɔ mmeaɛ a osuo tɔ na owia bɔ kɛseɛ a ɛwɔ aba a wotumi di, ɛyɛ afifide a ɛho hia sene biara wɔ sikasɛm mu wɔ Bromeliaceae abusua mu.
Aborɔbɛ ase paa firi Amerika Anafoɔ fam, baabi a wɔadua no mfeha pii. aborɔbɛ a wɔde baa Europa wɔ afeha a ɛto so dunson(17th century) mu no maa ɛbɛyɛɛ amammerɛ mu agyinahyɛdeɛ titire a ɛkyerɛ ahonyadeɛ. Ɛfiri afe Ɔha aduɔkono aduonu(1820s) mfe no mu no, wɔadua ananas wɔ adwadidan ahorow mu wɔ mmeaɛ a ɛhɔ yɛ hye ne mfuo pii a ɛwɔ mmeaɛ a osuo tɔ na owia bɔ kɛseɛ.
Aborɔbɛ nyin sɛ dua ketewaa bi; afifideɛ a ɛnni nhwiren no nhwiren baako baako no bom yɛ nnuaba pii. Afifideɛ no taa trɛ firi aba a ɛwɔ aduaba no atifi anaasɛ ɛfiri nkorabata a ɛwɔ nkyɛnkyɛn mu, na ɛtaa nyini wɔ afe baako mu.
Nkyerɛmu.
Aborɔbɛ yɛ nhabannuru a ɛtra hɔ daa, na sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ne tenten yɛ mita 1.0 kosi 1.5, ɛwom sɛ ɛtɔ mmerɛ bi a ɛbɛtumi aware asen saa deɛ. Afifideɛ no wɔ dua tiawa a ɛyɛ den a nhaban a ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ waxy. Sɛ ɛrebɔ n’aba a, ɛtaa so nhwiren bɛyɛ ahanu(200), ɛwom sɛ nhwiren akɛseɛ bi a ɛso aba bɛtumi aboro yei so deɛ. Sɛ ɛyɛ nhwiren wie a, nhwiren no nnuaba mmaako mmaako no bom yɛ nnuaba pii. Sɛ wɔso aba a ɛdi kan no wie a, wɔso nkorabata a ɛwɔ nkyɛnkyɛn (a wɔn a wodua no frɛ no ‘suckers’) wɔ nhaban a ɛwɔ dua titire no akyi. Wobɛtumi ayi saa suckers yi ama atrɛ anaasɛ wobɛgya ama aba foforo wɔ mfitiaseɛ afifideɛ no so. Wɔ aguadeɛ mu no, wɔyɛ suckers a ɛpue no twa nnyinaso no ho hyia. Ɛwɔ nhaban ntiantiaa aduasa(30) anaa nea ɛboro saa a ɛte sɛ ahina a ne tenten yɛ sɛntimita no aduasa(30) kosi ɔha(100) (anammɔn baako(1) kosi mmiɛnsa ne fa(3+1⁄2)), na atwa dua a ɛyɛ den no ho ahyia; nhaban no wɔ akyi berɛmo a ano yɛ nnam wɔ anoano. Wɔ afe a ɛdi kan a ɛnyini mu no, akyire no ware na ɛyɛ den, na ɛso nhaban pii a ɛyɛ nkuruwankuruwa a ɛbɛn. Abosome du mmienu(12) kosi aduonu(20) akyi no, dua no nyini yɛ nhwiren a ɛte sɛ nkasɛe a ne tenten bɛyɛ sɛ sɛntimita no du nnum(15) (nsateakwaa 6) a nhwiren bɛboro ɔha(100) a wɔahyehyɛ no nkuruwankuruwa, a ɛyɛ nkorabata mmiɛnsa, a emu biara wɔ nhwiren a ɛyɛ nkuruwankuruwa ase.
Wɔ wuram no, hummingbirds titiriw na ɛma aborɔbɛ mu nsuo yɛ frɔmfrɔm. Wuram aborɔbɛ bi nom na mpan hwehwɛ aduan firim anadwo. Wɔ kuayɛ ase no, ɛsiane sɛ aba a ɛba no ma aba no su so te nti, wɔde nsa na ɛyɛ pollination no, na wɔkora aba so ma awoɔ nkoaa. Wɔ Hawaii, baabi a na wɔyɛ aborɔbɛ na wɔde gu toa mu wɔ mfididwuma mu wɔ afeha a ɛto so aduonu(20th Century) no nyinaa mu no, wɔbaraa hummingbirds a wɔde bɛba amannɔne.
Nkwaboa no nyini yɛ nnuaba, na ɛka bom yɛ nnuaba kɛseɛ a ɛyɛ den na ɛdɔɔso. Wɔtaa hyehyɛ aborɔbɛ aba no sɛ helices mmienu a ɛka bom, na mpɛn pii no ɛwɔ nwɔtwe(8) wɔ ɔkwan baako so na du mmiɛnsa(13) wɔ ɔkwan foforo so, na emu biara yɛ Fibonacci nɔma.
Aborɔbɛ no yɛ CAM photosynthesis, ɛsiesie carbon dioxide anadwo na ɛkora so sɛ acid malate, afei ɛgyae mu awia berɛ boa photosynthesis.
Abakɔsɛm.
Etymology ho adesua
Nea ɛdi kan a wɔkaa aborɔbɛ aba no ho asɛm wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu ne André Thevet nwoma The New Found World, anaa Antarctike nkyerɛaseɛ a ɛfiri French kasa mu wɔ afe apem ahannum aduosia nwɔtwe(1568) mu a ɔkaa Hoyriri, aduaba bi a Tupinambafo dua na wodi, a wɔte bɛn nnɛyi Rio de Janeiro,Wɔ afe apem aha nkono aduɔkono nkono(1999) mu ho asɛm. na mprempren wogye di sɛ ɛyɛ aborɔbɛ. Akyiri yi wɔ Borɔfo nkyerɛaseɛ korɔ no ara mu no, ɔka aduaba korɔ no ara ho asɛm sɛ "Nana a wɔayɛ no aborɔbɛ tebea kwan so", baako a ɔde Tupi asɛmfua foforɔ nanas dii dwuma, a ɛkyerɛ 'aduaba a ɛyɛ kyɛn so'. Europa kasa pii gyee saa dwumadie yi too mu na ɛde afifideɛ no nyansahu mu asɛmfua mmienu Ananas comosus baeɛ, baabi a comosus ‘tufted’ kyerɛ afifideɛ no dua. Purchas a ɔkyerɛ Engiresi kasa mu wɔ afe apem ahansia ne du mmiɛnsa(1613) mu no frɛɛ aduaba no Ananas, nanso Oxford Engiresi Nsɛm asekyerɛ nwoma no atwerɛdeɛ a edi kan a ɛfa asɛmfua ananas ankasa ho a Engiresi twerɛfoɔ bi yɛɛ yɛ no yɛ nea Mandeville twerɛɛ wɔ afe apam ahanson ne du nnan(1714) mu.
Kua dwuma a ɔyɛe ansa na atubrafoɔ reba.
Kuadwuma a wɔyɛe ansa na atubrafo reba
Wuram afifideɛ no fi Parana–Paraguay Asubɔnten no mu nsuo a ɛkɔ Brazil Anafoɔ fam ne Paraguay ntam no mu. .Kakraa bi na wonim fa fie a wɔyɛ no ho, nanso ɛtrɛ sɛ nnɔbae wɔ Amerika Anafoɔ Fam nyinaa. Wohu fam tutuo ho adanseɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔde dii dwuma firi afe apem du mmienu de kosi afe aha nwɔtwe (1200–800) ansa na wɔrewo Kristo (3200–2800 A.Y.B.) wɔ Perune 200 A.Y.B. – 700 A.Y.B ne Aztekfo.[23 Eduu 1400 mfe no awiei no, na wɔkyekyɛ ananse a wɔadua no kɛse na na ɛyɛ Amerikafo Ankasa aduan titiriw. Europani a odi kan a ohyiaa ananse ne Columbus, wɔ Guadeloupe wɔ 4 November 1493.Portugalfo gyee aduaba no fii Brazil na wɔde baa India wɔ afe 1550 mu.[26 Spaniafo nso de ‘Red Spanish dua no fi Latin Amerika baa Philippines, na anyɛ yiye koraa no, woduae de yɛɛ ntama fi afeha a ɛto so 17 mu.[27
Columbus de afifide no san baa Spain na ɔfrɛɛ no piña de Indes, a ɛkyerɛ "Indiafo pine". Wɔkyerɛw ananse no ho asɛm wɔ Peter Martyr nhoma Wiase Foforo no Mfe Du du (1516) ne Antonio Pigafetta nhoma Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo (1524–1525) mu, na mfonini a edi kan a wonim no wɔ Oviedo nhoma Historia General de Las Indias (1535) mu
Bere a ananse no ani gyee Europafo ho sɛ aba a efi atubrafo mu bae no,wɔantumi andua no yiye wɔ Europa kosii sɛ Pieter de la Court yɛɛ turoyɛ a ɛma wim yɛ hyew wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn Leiden fi bɛyɛ afe 1658.[30Wɔkyekyɛɛ ananse afifide fii Netherlands maa Engiresifo turoyɛfo wɔ afe 1719 mu ne Fransefo de wɔ afe 1730 mu.[25 Wɔ England no, wodua ananse a edi kan wɔ Dorney Court, Dorney wɔ Buckinghamshire, na wosii "ananse fononoo" kɛse bi a wɔde bɛma afifide no ayɛ hyew wɔ Chelsea Physic Garden wɔ afe 1723 mu.Wɔ France no, wɔde ananse bi a wɔadua wɔ Versailles wɔ 1733. Wɔ Russia no, Peter Ɔkɛseɛ de de la Court kwan no baa St. Petersburg wɔ 1720 mfe no mu; wɔ afe 1730 mu no, wɔde ananse nnua aduonu fii hɔ kɔɔ ɔdan bi a wɔde nsu gu mu wɔ Ɔhemmaa Anna ahemfie foforo a ɛwɔ Moscow no mu.[33
1772 mfonini a ɛkyerɛ Ananas comosus ananse bi a Banhius de maa no nyansahu mu din a edi kan a ɛne Cardus brasilianus folius aloes wɔ afe 1623 mu
Esiane ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ nneɛma a wɔde fi amannɔne ba tẽẽ ho ne ɛka kɛse a wɔbɔ wɔ nnwinnade ne adwumayɛfo a wɔhwehwɛ na wɔadua wɔ wim tebea a ɛyɛ hyew mu, wɔ afie a ɛyɛ hyew a wɔfrɛ no "pineries" mu nti, ananse bɛyɛɛ ahonyade ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Mfiase no na wɔde di dwuma titiriw de kyerɛ wɔ anwummere apontow ase, sen sɛ wobedi, na wɔde dii dwuma mpɛn pii kosi sɛ efii ase porɔw.Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 no fa a ɛto so abien mu no, nnuaba a wɔyɛe wɔ Britaniafo agyapade so no bɛyɛɛ akansi kɛse a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ adefo adefo a wɔyɛ adefo ntam.[36 John Murray, Dunmore Earl a ɔto so 4, sii ɔdan a wɔde ɔhyew a ɛwɔ n’agyapade so a abo kɛse bi a ne tenten yɛ mita 14 a ɛte sɛ aduaba no sii so; wɔfrɛ no Dunmore Ananse.Wɔ adansi mu no, ananse mfonini bɛyɛɛ nneɛma a wɔde siesie hɔ a ɛyɛ ahɔhoyɛ ho sɛnkyerɛnne.[38
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Oncoba spinosa
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Oncoba spinosa yɛ ketewa bi (mpɛn pii no ne sorokɔ ntra mita 5) a ne nhaban yɛ mmerɛw. Nhwiren no yɛ fitaa na ɛyɛ fɛ a mfinimfini yɛ srade esiane nkorabata no nti, na ɛte sɛ kosua a wakye.
Wopue wɔ dua no so firi berɛ a aka kakra ma nhaban foforɔ no aba, na dua no ayɛ nhwiren akɔsi asram abiɛsa anaa ma ondu saa. Aduaba no yɛ den, ɛyɛ kurukuruwa na ɛwɔ ano a ɛyɛ nsensanee anaa fiaa. Ne kɛse bɛyɛ 80mm na ne kɔla yɛ srade(yellow) kosi kɔkɔɔ-biribiri.
Ho Asɛm.
Wɔ Afrika kesee fam no, ɛfefɛw fi September kosi December. Dua no atrɛw kɛse wɔ Afrika apuei fam akosi South Africa, titiriw wɔ kwae a ɛso yɛ kusuu anaa sare a ɛda hɔ so wɔ mmeae ahorow pii fi asubɔnten bon mu kosi abotan nkoko so. Ɛkɔ a kɔdu ne hye a ɛwɔ atifi fam pɛɛ no wɔ Po Kɔkɔɔ no apuei fam wɔ Arabia.
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Ritchiea reflexa
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Ritchiea reflexa yɛ nhwiren afifide a ɛka Ritchiea abusua a efi Capparaceae abusua mu no ho wɔ Africa. Peter Thonning na odii kan kaa ho asɛm, na Ernest Friedrich Gilg ne Bened na wɔde ne din a ɛwɔ hɔ mprempren no maa no.
Wɔ Ghana no, wɔde nhaban no di dwuma de home anaasɛ wɔde yɛ ɛwa aduru. Ahaban a wɔabɔ no sa akisikuru ne guinea-worm, bere a ntini a ɛyɛ ntini no brɛ aso mu yaw ase. Aduaba no wɔ dɛ a ɛyɛ fɛnfrɛm.
Dwuma ahorow a wɔde di.
Wode ne nhaban no sa yadeɛ ahorow pii. Nnuru a wɔde ahaban no yɛ di atirimpɔw ahorow pii ho dwuma, a nea ɛka ho ne sɛ ɛsa nnua ho yare, aso a wɔde sa yare, anom ne hwene mu yare a wɔde di dwuma, ne honam ani mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae a wɔde di dwuma.
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Trilepisium madagascariense
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Trilepisium madagascariense, urnfig anaa false-fig, yɛ afifide bi a ɛwɔ abusua Moraceae mu, na ɛwɔ Afrotropics a ɛwɔ mmeae a osu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse. Enyin yɛ dua a ɛyɛ kɛse wɔ kwae a edi kan anaa nea ɛto so abien mu, anaa kwae mu mmeae fofor, na wɔntaa ntwa anaa mfa nyɛ adwuma.
Beae ne baabi a wɔte.
Ɛwɔ Afrika Atɔe fam ne Mfinimfini mmeae a osu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse, na ɛwɔ anafo fam kosi Zimbabwe, Mozambique ne Soutpansberg, South Africa. Wohu no wɔ Madagascar ne Annobón supɔw so nso. "T. gymnandrum" a ɛne no di nsɛ kɛse no wɔ Silhouette Island, Seychelles.
Enyin wɔ kwae a ɛyɛ ahabammono daa "(evergreen forest)" ne nea ne nhaban fa bi nyɛ monno mu, kwae a nsu yiri fa mu na ɛtaa nyin wɔ nsubɔnten ne nsubɔnten ho, ɛtrɛw kɔ savanna hye so. Wohu no wɔ mmeae a ɛkorɔn kodu mita 2,000 ne nea ɛboro saa. Ne gyinabea gu ahorow fi nea ɛntaa nsi so kosi nea ɛdɔɔso wɔ mpɔtam hɔ na ɛwɔ tumi kɛse so.
Nkyerɛmu.
Mpɛn pii no, wɔyɛ bole ntiantiaa na wɔakyinkyim na wɔtaa bɔ sanku wɔ ase, a wɔde buttress ka ho anaasɛ enni mu. Ne nnua akɛse bɛyɛ 60 cm kosi mita 1 1⁄2 m wɔ ne ntwemu, na ne sorokɔ yɛ mita 30. Nnua a ɛyɛ torotoro na ɛyɛ fitaa no yɛ lenticellate kɛse na sɛ ɛhɔa a, ɛma latex a ne kɔla yɛ krim no fi adi. Ɛtaa nya nkorabata a ɛkɔ soro ma ɛyɛ abotiri ketewaa bi a ɛyɛ hare a ɛte sɛ piramidi a ne nkorabata rehwe ase. Awiei koraa no, ntini a ɛwɔ ntini a ɛwɔ awiei no mu no gyaw ntokuro a ɛyɛ nsensanee.
Nhaban a ɛyɛ elliptic a ɛhyerɛn na ɛyɛ tuntum yiye no wɔ ano a ɛda nsow, na ne tenten kodu 14 cm. Wɔ hyerɛn wɔ ase, na wɔwɔ ntini nketenkete abien wɔ ase.
Nhwiren no pue wɔ ahohuru bere mu na wɔahyehyɛ afi fitaa akosi mauve puff kɔla. Puff no yɛ bɛyɛ 1 cm wɔ ne kɛse mu, na ɛyɛ nhwiren a ɛyɛ staminate a ɛyɛ ɔbarima ne nhwiren a ɛyɛ pistillate a ɛyɛ mmea, a enni perianths (nhwiren akyi fa, a ɛyɛ calys(sepals) ne corolla (petals)). Nhwiren no pue fi nhwiren dua no fa a nhwiren no afa horow no abata ho bi a ɛte sɛ ahina no atifi no mu na ne tenten yɛ 1.5 cm.
Aba a ɛte sɛ borɔdɔma a wɔde ahyɛ nkuku a nam wom mu no bɛyɛ 2 cm. Wɔn tebea tesɛ ellipsoidal na emu biara kura nutlet. Nnuaba a abere no te sɛ plum bruu anaa borɔdɔma atenten.
Nneɛma ahorow a wɔde yɛ ne mmoa ahorow fekuw.
Ne nnua no yɛ ma wɔtum de yɛ dan mu nneɛma, na nsu a ɛwɔ mu no ma wonya kɔla kɔkɔɔ. Wotum di n'aba na ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔtwa ne nnua no. Ɛwɔ atetekwan ahorow pii a wɔde di dwuma.
Wɔada no adi sɛ methanol a wɔayiyi, afa horow ne isoliquiritigenin a efi dua no ntini mu no wɔ tumi a ɛko tia akisikuru, na woyii trilepisflavan ne trilepisuimic acid nnuru a kan no na wonnim fii mu wɔ afe 2012.
"Trilepisium madagascariense" yɛ afifide a ɛyɛ aduan ma ntuboa "Cyrestis camillus sublineata."
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Afromomum latifolium
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Aframomum yɛ nhwiren abusua bi a ɛwɔ akekaduro abusua Zingiberaceae mu. Ɛtrɛ wɔ Afrika mmeaeɛ a nsuo tɔ na awia bɔ kɛseɛ ne India Po no nsupɔ bi so (Madagascar, Seychelles, ne Mauritius). Wɔde su ahodoɔ bɛyɛ aduonum (50) na egyina hɔ ma no. N'ahodoɔ no yɛ afifideɛ a ɛtena hɔ daa na ɛso nhwiren a ɛwɔ kɔla ahodoɔ bebree. Nnua ahodoɔ pii a ɛyɛ hwam a ngo a ɛho hia wɔ ne nnuaba, aba, nhaban, nnutan, ntini, ne afifideɛ afa afoforɔ mu a wɔtumi di anaasɛ wɔde yɛ aduru wɔ Afrika.
"Aframomum melegueta" (Melegueta pepper) yɛ sikasɛm nnɔbaeɛ a wɔdi a ɛho hia wɔ Afrika Atɔeɛ fam.
Abusua nkyekyɛmu ahodoɔ.
Nkyekyɛmu ahodoɔ no ne:
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Social ecology (ethics)
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Social Ecology
Asetena mu nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia (Social ecology) yɛ adwene a ɛfa sɛnea nnipa ne nnoɔma a atwa wɔn ho ahyia di nkitaho, sɛdeɛ wɔyɛ wɔn adeɛ wɔ ho, ne sɛdeɛ saa nkitahodie yi nya ɔmanfoɔ ne nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no so nsunsuansoɔ. Dwene abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom ho adesua a wɔtaa yɛ ho, baabi a asuafoɔ hwehwɛ sɛdeɛ ɛsɛ sɛ abɔdeɛ mu nnoɔma ahodoɔ di nkitaho na ama wɔatumi ayɛ wiase no mu abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom ho nhyehyɛe no ho.
Wɔde saa kwan korɔ no ara na ɛdi dwuma wɔ asetena mu nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho adesua mu (social ecology), a ɛhwɛ ɔmanfoɔ nyinaa. Asetena mu nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho animdefoɔ hwehwɛ yɛn "nhyehyɛe" no mfonini kɛseɛ no mu denam sɛdeɛ ankorankorɛ, nnipakuo, ne ahyehyɛde ahodoɔ di nkitaho na wɔde wɔn ho to wɔn ho wɔn ho so a wɔhwehwɛ mu no so. Saa adwene yi ma wotumi fa ɔkwan a ɛtu mpɔn kɛseɛ a wɔfa so di nsɛm a, wɔaboaboa ano a, ɔmanfo hyia no ho dwuma.
Asɛmfua mfitiaseɛ.
Amerikani Murray Bookchin a ɔyɛ nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho ɔdenimfoɔ de adwene a ɛfa asetena mu nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho bae. Ɔka sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho animdefoɔ dwen ho kɛseɛ sɛ wobɛdi adwene a ɛne sɛ nnipa bɛtumi adi abɔdeɛ ho dwuma anaa ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ so no ho dwuma, na mmom ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde wɔn adwene si ɔhaw bi ho sɛnkyerɛnne pɔtee so Wɔkyekyeree asetena mu nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho adesua wɔ saa nyansapɛ yi so. Sɛdeɛ Bookchin kyerɛ no, ɔmanfoɔ mu mpaapaemu no sɛe wɔn nyinaa. Human-made hierarchies no ne adeɛ titire a ɛde asetena ne nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho haw ne dwumadie a ɛnkɔ yiye wɔ nnipa asetena mu nyinaa ba. Bookchin susuu sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wobu ɔmanfoɔ ne asetena sɛ abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom nhyehyɛeɛ, baabi a nnoɔma a ɛwom nyinaa ho hia pɛpɛɛpɛ ma nnoɔma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛyɛ den, ɛwɔ apɔmuden, na ɛtena hɔ daa, a ɛne nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛwɔ nnidisoɔ nidisoɔ bɔ abira
Nnianimu.
Murray Bookchin kyerɛ sɛ sɛ́ anka nnipa bɛtra hɔ wɔ abɔde akyi no, wɔyɛ ne fa. Bookchin kyerɛɛ nsonsonoeɛ a ɛda abɔdeɛ ahodoɔ mmienu ntam: deɛ ɛdi kan, anaa biotic, ne deɛ ɛtɔ so mmienu, anaa onipa.Wɔ Bookchin fam no, abɔde nyinaa yɛ adannandi adeyɛ a ɛkɔ so bere nyinaa sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ tebea a enhinhim te sɛ panorama a ɛyɛ nwonwa. [9 Ɛnyɛ onipa abɔdeɛ nko ara na mmom nnipa anibuei nso na ɛfiri saa adannandi mmɔdenbɔ a ɛkɔ so yi mu ba.onipa nteaseɛ anaa asetena mu nhyehyɛeɛ adwene sɛ ɛbɛyɛ nkwaadɔm mu nsakraeɛ a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛda nsow wɔ abɔdeɛ nkaeɛ no ho. Mmom no, wɔayɛ wɔn sɛ wɔne abɔde bedi nkitaho na wɔama ne nkɔso akɔ anim wɔ akwan horow so a mmoa ahorow afoforo ntumi.[11Sɛ wɔbrɛ ɔpɛ a wɔwɔ sɛ wɔbɛkorɔn no ase a, nnipa betumi agye wɔn gyinabea a ɛfata wɔ abɔde a nkwa wom mu. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Bookchin de amammui nhyehyɛe titiriw a ɛbɛma eyi atumi ayɛ yiye no to hɔ: wiase nyinaa nhyehyɛe a ɔman aman nni mu, a amammui asetra gyina nkurow a ahyehyɛde ahorow a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛbara wɔn sɛ wɔmfa wɔn ho wɔn ho nni dwuma wɔ abusuabɔ so.[8Saa nkurow akɛse yi bɛma ɔman bayɛ ankasa a ɛbɛma akwanside ahorow a ɛda ankorankoro ne kuw anigyede ahorow ntam, ne nnipa ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho anigye ntam no afi hɔ. Na wɔbɛsan nso afi awosu mu abɛyɛ wɔn mpɔtam hɔ abɔde a nkwa wom no fa.
Mfaso titiriw a Bookchin wɔ ne sɛ ɔde nsɛm a emu yɛ den ma wɔ nea enti a ɛsɛ sɛ nkurɔfo dwen nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho de ka wɔn ho a wɔbɛkora so ho.Adwene a ɛne "biocentrism," a ɛde nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ahiade di kan sen nnipa ahiade na ebu nnipa sɛ wɔn bo yɛ pɛ ne wɔn a wɔnyɛ nnipa, ne "anthropocentrism," a esi nnipa anigyede so dua koraa no yɛ nsɛm atitiriw abien a wɔkasakasa wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho abrabɔ pa ho adesua. [15 Biocentrism gyina adwene a ɛne sɛ nnipa ne abɔde a aka no yɛ pɛ so, bere a anthropocentrism gyina adwene a ɛne sɛ nnipa korɔn na wɔyɛ soronko wɔ abɔde ho.Bookchin kyerɛ no, ɛwom sɛ wɔyɛ soronko wɔ abɔde a aka no ho de, nanso nnipa nanso ɛyɛ ne fa titiriw.[2 Enti, wɔ n’adwene mu no, biocentrism anaa anthropocentrism nnɔɔso.Eyi yɛ anigye titiriw efisɛ eyi adwene biara a ɛne sɛ nnipa atew wɔn ho afi abɔde mu wiase no ho koraa no fi hɔ, na ɛma adesamma da so ara hu biribi soronko wɔ wɔn ho na wonya mfaso wɔ anibuei ne mfiridwuma mu nkɔso mu. Ɛsan nso de asɛyɛde ho adwene hyɛ abɔde mu wiase no ho.[16
Wosusuw sɛ sɛ wɔde saa gyinapɛn ahorow yi di dwuma wɔ ɔmanfo afa biara mu a, pɛyɛ ne biakoyɛ pii bɛba na nniso ahorow renkyerɛ nea odi nkonim ne nea odi nkogu.Ade titiriw a ɛwɔ asetra mu adwumayɛfo a ɔfata adwene mu ne sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ hia a "afa" biara ho hia ma nhyehyɛe no nyinaa ho anisɔ.[18
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Acacia kamerunensis
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Ɛdi kan no, Acacia yɛ pantropical abusuakuo kɛseɛ no asefoɔ no bi a ɛno nso wɔ nkyekyɛmu bɛboro apem ne ahasa ( 1300 species). Yɛbɛnya wɔn mu fa kɛseɛ no wɔ Australia . Australia deɛ no bɛboro ahankron, America deɛ nso bɛboro ahaanu na bɛyɛ ahaasa nso wɔ Abibrem. "Acacia kamerunensis" nso yɛ " c. 13 species" a ɔka nnubena abusakuo a wɔfrɛ wɔn "Acacia pennata complex" no ho. Species yeinom su no bi ne sɛ, wɔtumi foro soro . Afei, wɔtumi nso bakyerebakyere adeɛ.
Wɔn nte sɛ "subgenus Aculeiferum" species a wɔne wɔn bɔ abusua no. Wɔde edin " Acacia pennata ( L) Wild " ama abibrem nhabanmma du-mmeɛnsa a wɔtumi foro soro no nyinaa. Na mmom, edin no da deɛ ɛwɔ Asia Abueɛ- atɔeɛ fam (South-East Asia). Titiriw, ɛwɔ "ethnobotanical literature" a ɛfa "tropical Africa" ho no mu no, dwuma a wɔde ‘Acacia pennata’ di no mma kwan sɛ ɛbɛnya saa din no.
(Circumnutation) ne nkaseɛ a adi afra na ɛboa ma (Acacia kamerunensis) tumi foro nnua.
Atenaeɛ( Ecology).
Acacia kamerunensis ahaban a ɛnenam fam (low land crop) a enyini wɔ rain-forest ne secondary forest mu.
Kwan a wɔfa so dua.
Ne mma apem ( 1000-seed) no mu duro yɛ ( c. 58 g) nanso wɔnterɛɛ briribiara mfaa kwan a Acacia kamerunesis ase fa so dɔre ho. Ɛwɔ ɛpɔ foforɔ yɛ (forest regeneration) mu no, Acacia kamerunensis mma timba nnua bi te sɛ khaya anthotheca Heckel ne Nauclea duderrichii a wɔn ho hia pa ara no kwan ma wɔnyini. Nkrɔfoɔ akyerɛ wɔn adwene sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde nhyehyɛeɛ gu akwan mu, na aboa ma nnua a ɛwɔ beaeɛ ahodoɔ a Acacia Kamerunesis wɔ no nso atumi anyini.
Ne dwumadie.
Ne dua wɔ faeba (fibre) dennen bi a wɔde yɛ (cordage) ne (fishing gear). Ɛwɔ Ghana man mu no ɛbinom de faeba (fibre) no yɛ kɛtɛ a wɔhata so kookoo. Nkwadaa de yɛ nhoma de to adonko. Wɔde ne nhoma nketewa no nso kyekyere adeɛ. Wɔtaa kyekyere bɔ so mprenu ama ahoɔden aba mu. Wɔsan nso de ne mu no yɛ adeɛ a wɔtumi de ne mu no nso yɛ soko dua twitwi wɔn se. Ɛwɔ Ghana atɔeɛ fam no, ne nhini no ka sokodua ahodoɔ mmeɛnsa a wɔtaa tɔ pa ara no ho. Ne mu nhoma no bi yɛ mmerɛ na mmɔfra ne mpanin nyinaa taa de yɛ sokodua de twitwi wɔ se. Ne bono no wɔ tannin na Ghanafoɔ ne yɛ nhoma (leather). Wɔde ne nhaban no nso ma nyɛnmmoa sɛ aduane.
Hwɛ.
Hwɛ bio: Jamaicafoɔ nnuane.
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Blighia sapida
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Bligha Sapida anaa Ackee yɛ din a wɔde ma dua bi a ɛso aba a wɔfrɛ no ackee wɔ (Caribbean island) apuieɛ fam. Whɛ - Melicoccus bijugatus.
Ackee, a yɛsan nso nim no sɛ achi, akee anaa ackee no yɛ aduaba a ɛka Sapindaceae( soapberry) abusuakuo no ho. Ne nhyi ne Abibrem Atɔeɛ (West Africa). Abɔdeɛ mu Nyansapɛ din a ɛda so no de animuonyamhyɛ ma Captain William Bligh a ɔde aduaba no firi Jamaica man mu baa beaeɛ a wɔfrɛ hɔ (Royal Botanical Gardens) a ɛwɔ Kew, England abrokyiman mu wɔ afe apem, ahankron ne aduɔson mmeɛnsa(1793). Wɔnyaa borɔfo din a ɛda so no firii Abibrem Atɔeɛ kasa Akan nsɛmfua "akye fufo " mu.
Ɛwom sɛ firi mmere tenten yenim sɛ Blighia Sapida wɔ awuduro a ano yɛ nam pa ara, nanso, wɔkyerɛ sɛ, aduradeɛ a ɛwɔ n'aba no ho no, sɛ ɛbere na wɔnoa a ɛyɛ dɛ pa ara na ɛno ne su a Caribia nnuane( Caribbian cuisines) ahodoɔ no nyinaa wɔ. Ackee yɛ aduaba a ɛnyɛ na wɔ Jamaica man mu na wɔnim no sɛ aduane.
Botany.
Ackee yɛ ( evergreen) dua a ne nyini mu no, ne tenten tumi yɛ ( 10 metres) a ne sin no yɛ tiatia.N'ahaban yɛ paripinnately, compound bɛyɛ 15 centimetres de kɔ 30 centimeters (5.9–11.8 in) na ɛwɔ 6–10 elliptical to oblong nhaban. Ahaban biara tenten yɛ 8–12 centimetres. Nhwren baako biara wɔ petal nnum a n'ahosuo no yɛ ahabsnmono na ɛyɛ hwam.
Aduaba no bɔberɛ te sɛ paya, na ɛwɔ nkyekyɛmu mmiensa (ɛtaa nya nkyekyɛmu mmienu anaa ɛnan).Sɛ ɛbere a n'ahosuo sesa firi ahaban mono bɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ ne akokɔ sradeɛ a adi afra. Emu pae yi mma nteanteaa tuntum mmeɛnsa bi pue a biribi fitaa bi adura ho. Mma no ho aduradeɛ no wɔ nka bi bi a ɛtesɛ adwe.Aduaba no mu duro ankasa yɛ grams ɔha anaa grams ahaanu. Dua no bɛtumi aso aba afe mu no nyinaa; ɛwom sɛ ne so berɛ ankasa yɛ ɛfiri Ɔpɛpɔn de kɔsi Ɔbɛnem , afei Ahinime de kɔsi Obubuo.
Wɔn a wɔdua.
Yɛwɔ bɛyɛ akuafoɔ afuanan-nwɔtwe a wɔdua achee a wɔde wɔn agu ( butter) anaa ( Cheese ) kuo no mu. cheese deɛ no ahosuo yɛ akokɔsradeɛ na ɛho yɛ den na ɛdi akotene pa ara wɔ (canning industry) no mu. ( Butter) kuo no nso ahosuo yɛ akokɔsradeɛ a ɛmu pi. Ɛnni ahoɔden bebree, na wɔde yɛ nnuane.
Abakwasɛm ne dwumadie.
Wɔkra firii Abibrem baa Jamaica mfeɛ kakra a ɛdi (1973) anim no mu. Dwuma titiriw a wɔde Achee di ne aduanenoa. Ackee yɛ aduaba a ɛnyɛ na wɔ Jamaica. Na ackee ne ɛnam a wɔahyɛ no nkhyene ne Jamaicafoɔ aduane titiriw.
Ɔma ackee aduaba no kwan ma ɛpae ansa na wɔayi emu mma no ama awuduro amma mu. Sɛ ɛmu bue a mma no pue. Na wɔde nkyene nsuo anaa meleke noa ɛho aduradeɛ no. Wɔtumi nso de butter kye Wɔ Karibia aduanenoa mu no, wɔtumi de codfish ne atosodeɛ noa anaasɛ wɔtumi de gu frɔeɛ anaa nkwan mu.
Nnuanennuro a ɛwɔ mu..
Ackee wɔ carbohydrate, protein ne fat kakra, a ɛma mma a wom no aduradeɛ no nya nnuane nnuro te sɛ fatty acids – linoleic, palmitic, ne stearic acids bɛyɛ ɔha nkyekyɛmu aduonum baako de rekɔ aduonum nwɔtwe N'aduaba a wɔnyɛɛ no hwee no tumi ma vitamins C .
Ne dwumadie wɔ amammerɛ mu.
Ackee wɔ Jamaican mento ammaerɛ nnwom "Linstead Market" mu. Ɛwɔ nnwom no mu no, adetɔnni bi ka sɛ "Carry mi ackee go a Linstead market. Not a quattie worth sell". Wɔ Quarrel in the James Bond nnwoma no mu no, ɛnam a wɔahyɛ no nkyene ne Ackee na wɔtaa deyɛ wɔn anɔpa aduane.
Hypoglycin A ne B.
Ne mu a emmreeɛ no wɔ hypoglycin toxins a hypoglycin A ne hypoglycin B, a wɔnim wɔn sɛ "soapberry toxins" no ka ho bi. yɛnya hypoglycin A wɔ aduaba no ne mma no aduadeɛ no nyinaa mu; na yɛnya hypoglycin B nso wɔ mma no mu nko ara. Ne mu a abere no wɔ awuduro kakra.Sɛ saa nnuane nnuro ti kɔ nipadua no mu a, ɛbɛdane acid (MCPA), na ɛbɛtumi aha nipadua no. MCPA ne hypoglycin A wɔ mmoawammoawa bebree a ɛma acyl CoA compounds dwumadie ba fam. Glucose akoradeɛ no sa na ɛde hypoglycemia ba , Yei de yadeɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no "Jamaican vomiting" ba . Berɛ a obi bɛdi aduaba no mu a ɛmmereeɛ no nko ara na yei si
Ɛwom sɛ ackee yɛ nnipakuo bebree aduane, nanso, nhwehwɛmu bebree a wɔayɛ afa hypoglycin toxity a ɛwom no ho no nsi pi. Ɛhia sɛ wɔbɛnya abotrɛ ayɛ ayaresabea nhwehwumu fa bo; na aboa ama yɛate ne pharmarcology ase yie na yɛahunu ɛkwan a a yɛbɛtumi afa so atu ɛmu borɔ no.
Wɔ afe mpem mmienu ne du baako (2011) mu no, wuhunuu sɛ mma a ɛwɔ aduaba no mene hypoglycin A a ɛwɔ n'aduradeɛ no mu no na ɛsesa no kɔ hypoglycin B wɔ mma no mu Kyerɛ sɛ, mma no boa tu borɔ a ɛwɔ aduradeɛ no mu no na ama wɔatumi adi.
Ne dwumadie wɔ adwadie mu.
Ackee wɔakora no brine mu no yɛ adeɛ wɔyumi tɔn na Jamaicafoɔ, Haitifoɔ ne Belizefoɔ tɔn ma amanhodoɔ Sɛ wɔdua n'aba no a, ɛhyɛ aseɛ so bɛgɛ mfeɛ mmeɛnsa de kɔ mfeɛ nan ntam.
Ne dwumadie nkaeɛ bi.
Aduaba no wɔ dwumadie bebree wɔ Abirem Atɔeɛ( West Africa) nkuro a ɛwɔ Caribbean Islands no mu. Wɔde yɛ samena ne deɛ ɛkeka ho. Wɔtumi de ne nhweren no siesie bsaeɛ bi.Wɔ Abibrem Aduyɛ mu no, wɔde ɛmu a abere no, n'ahaban ne n'abena no sa yadeɛ nketenkete bi.
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Cola nitida
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Cola nitida yɛ dua bi a ɛka Malvaceae abusuakuo no ho. Ɛyɛ dua bi a ɛfiri Abibrem Atɔeɛ pɔ mu. Edin a dodoɔ no ara nim no bi ne kola nut? Cola, kola, ne bitter cola.Saa mma yi wɔ caffeine na wɔwe a ɛma apoomuden . Afei, wɔde di dwuma wɔ nsa dɔkɔdɔkɔ yɛ mu. Wɔsan de n'aba no nso di dwuma pii wɔ nneɛma a ɛfa amamerɛ ne amanneɛ ho yɛ mu. Ne timba dua no nso di dwuma bebree.
Ne bɔberɛ.
Cola nitida yɛ evergreen dua a ne nyini mu no, ne tenten tumi yɛ mita du mmienu anaa aduonu. Ne sin anim no nso tumi yɛ mita baako ne fa , na nnua binom nso tumi fam ne ho nyini. Ne hono no mu yɛ duru a nneɛma bebree wɔ mu. N'ahosuo te sɛ nsono anaa nsono a ani abiri. Sɛ ne hono no prɔ a, wohunu adeɛ kɔkɔɔ bi wɔ dua no ho. N'ahaban no tetare nnua nketewa ho na ɛdanedane a ɛte sɛ oblong, glabrous, leather a akwan deda mu. Ne nhwiren no wowɔ nkyekyemu num. Wɔnyini te sɛ abrɔbɛ firi soro, na wɔnni pɛɛtaa( petal) biara. Nhwiren no mu fa a wɔyɛ mmarima no wɔ ɛkwan bi da wɔn mu a ayi wɔn ho sɛ bonsua mu kwan. Wɔn mu tenten no bɛyɛ 2 cm (0.8 in). Nhwiren no mu mmaa no nso soso a wɔn kɛseɛ no bɛyɛ 5 cm (2.0 in) diameter mu. Wɔwɔ pɛɛtaa( petals) num. Nhwiren no fa a ɛfemfam dua no ho no ahosuo yɛ akokɔradeɛ. Ne mu no nyini bɛyɛ aduaba motoo bi a ne bɔbrɛ te sɛ nsroma. Saa aduaba yi wɔ abono num (5 pods) are wɔfrɛ wɔn (follicles) a wɔn tenten no bɛyɛ 13 cm (5.1 in) wɔn kɛseɛ nso bɛyɛ 7 cm (sɛ ɛbere a abono no mu paapae na ɛyi mma pue a wɔwɔ aduradeɛ mfitaamfitaa a biribi a n'ahosuo no reyɛ ayɛ sɛ kɔkɔɔ nso ka ho. Aba no ani (cotyledon) no yɛ kama berɛ a wɔnyɛɛ no whee, nanso wɔrenyini no, na wɔretu hwane.
Baabi a wɔdua no.
Cola nitida firi Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana ne Nigeria. Ɛnyini wɔ fam nanso, ɛtumi foro soro a ne tenten tumi yɛ mita ahasa wɔ beaeɛ a asase no yɛ na nsuo nso tɔ wɔ ne berɛ mu. Wɔdua wɔ Afika tropical fa baabi nso ne beaeɛ bi te sɛ India, Jamaica, Brazil, ne Hawaii. ɛtumi nyini wɔ baabi a yɛsusu sɛdeɛ nsuo tɔ no a, ɛbɛyɛ 1,200 millimetres (47 in). Ɛtumi sene sei wɔ beaeɛ a ɛhɔ nsuo tɔ no boro 1,700 millimetres (67 in), na ɛtɔ bɛyɛ sɛ abosome, nnawɔtwe ne ne mmoroeɛ. Ne wiem nsakraeɛ no yɛ ɛfiri 23 kɔsi 28 °C (73 to 82 °F) na ɛnyini wɔ asase ɛmu yɛ ha nd deɛ ɛmu yɛ duru nyinaa so. Sɛ ɛum dɔ nko are dea..
Dwumadie.
Caffeine, theobromine ne tannin wɔ aba no mu. Ɛne Cola acuminata ɛno nso firi Abibrem Atɔeɛ aman bi so no di nsɛ. Wɔdua nnua no yɛ ho adwuma tɔn wɔ tropical beaeɛ a ɛwɔ wiase afa anan nyinaa. Ɛwɔ Abibrem no wɔdua dua no tɔn ho nneɛma. Sɛ ebi a, n'aba. Wɔsan nso deyɛ cola anomdeɛ pii. Deɛ wɔde ka anomdeɛ yi ho bio nso ne Other ngo hwam, caramel, sweeteners, phosphoric or citric acid, ne carbon dioxide na ama no ayɛ hwam.
Sɛ wɔwe aba mo a ɛma ahoɔden. Wɔka nso sɛ ɛte brɛ so afei ɛmma ɛkɔm nne obi ntɛmntɛm. Ɛboa adwenem dwumadie na ɛma wotumi da. Wɔde dua no fa baabi nso yɛ ammanneɛ bi te sɛ awaregyeɛ, abadintoɔ, ahensie, ayiyɔ ne afɔrebɔ. Wɔde dua no ahaban, ne mman, n'abena, nhwiren ne ne n'aba no nso tumi yɛ nnuro. Cola nitida ne Theobroma cacao sɛ pa ara. Kookoo dua ne n'aba no fi chocolate yɛ mu akotene pa ara. Na ɛtumi nane ntɛmntɛm.
Wɔtumi de n'aba no te nsuo ho. Wɔde ne timba dua no nso di dwuma wɔ adansie mu, hyɛma yɛ mu, nkondwa yɛ mu ne deɛ ekeka ho. Wɔtumi nso de sɔ gya. Wɔde n'abono no nso boa ma mfudeɛ nyini kama. Wɔtumi de yɛ samena na ɛtumi fa ntakrammoa aduane mu ɔha nkyekyɛmu aduosia (60%poultry feed)
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Funtumia elastica
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Funtumia elastica (wɔsan frɛ no bush rubber anaasɛ silkrubber) yɛ Abibrem wrɔba dua bi a ɛnhyɛ da nso na ɛwɔ nhaban motoo; ɛmu nsuo no te sɛ meleke, na ɛwɔ akoradeɛ a ɛkora mma( seedpods). Wɔde n'abena no yɛ abibiduro wɔ tropical Abibrem. Ɛho hia pa ara wɔ Abibrem Atɔeɛ amanhodoɔ adwadie mu. Ɛbi ne Ghana a dodoɔ no ara frɛ no ofruntum.
Nnuro a ɛwom ( chemical constituent).
Wɔahunu chemical compounds bebree wɔ Funtumia elastica mu. Funtumia elastica powder a wɔnyɛɛ no hwee no ahosuo yɛ bluu esiane anthocyanin a ɛwom no nti. steroidal alkaloid conessine, a yɛnya no wɔ Funtumia elastica mu no wɔ nnuro bi a ɛtumi kum mmoawammoawa( bacteria ).
Abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom dumadie (bioactivities).
Nsuo a wɔtwe firi Funtumia elastica mu no wɔ mold bi te sɛ Aspergillus, Penicillium, ne Candida; afei fungi a ɛma ringworm.
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Acanthospermum hispidum
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Acanthospermum hispidum yɛ afifideɛ a wɔfrɛ no Sraha nkaseɛ wɔ Asante kasa mu. Wɔ Akuapem kasa mu no wɔde edin Sahara nsɔe na enim saa afifideɛ yi. Saa afifideɛ yi wɔ Asteraceae afifideɛ abusua no mu. Afifideɛ kuo a ɔdɔm ne Acanthospermum afifideɛ kuo no na abɔdeɛ nyinaa mu no ɔka Planta kuo no ho. Wɔ Brɔfo kasa mu no wɔtaa frɛ no bristly starbur, goat's head, hispid starburr ne starbur.
Mmeaeɛ a Enyin Wɔ.
Ɛdin Acanthospermum no, wɔnya firii Greek nsɛmfua akantha a ɛkyerɛ nkasɛɛ ne sperma a ɛkyerɛ aba mu. Hispidum yɛ Latin asɛmfua a n'asekyerɛ ne nkasɛɛnkasɛɛ.
Saa affifdeɛ yi, ato apete amantam ahodoɔ bi te sɛ Eurasia mantam (Europe ne Asia mantam a wɔaka abom), Afrika mantam, Amerika ne Australia mantam mu. Na wɔ Australia Atɔeɛ mantam mu no, wɔbu no sɛ affideɛ a ɛyɛ nwura.
Deɛ ɛma no da nsow ne nhwini a ɛwɔ ne ho, n'ahaban ne nnuaba a ɛso a ne su a ayɛ sɛ nsrommma nterantera. Ne nhwiren kɔla taa yɛ ahabammono na akokɔ sradeɛ.
Na wokɔ India nso a, wobɛhunu sɛ ɛtaa fifi wɔ akwantepɔn nkyɛn ne baabi a nsuo taataa.
Nea Yɛde Afifideɛ Yi Yɛ.
Wɔ Akan man mu no wɔtaa di afifideɛ yi sa yareɛ. Wɔtaa di dua mu no nyinaa sa ahoɔhyeɛ, atiridii ne yafunu yareɛ.
Wɔ Brasil no, wɔbu no sɛ nnwura wɔ beaɛ a wodua asaawa. Yareɛ ahodoɔ a wɔde sa nso bi ne tipaeɛ, ayamtim, ɛtwerɛ, nyarewa a mmoawamoawa de ba te sɛ nsamanwa ne deɛ ɛkeka ho.
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Blighia welwitschii
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Blighia welwitschii, a yɛsane nso frɛ no akee apple, axon opus, anaa wild ackee, yɛ dua a ɛnyini wɔ Afrika ɛfiri Guinea Apueɛ fam kosi Kenya, Angola Anaafoɔ fam ne KwaZulu-Natal mu. Ɛka Sapindaceae nnua abusua a lychee ne rambutan ka ho no. Ɔsane nso ka Magnoliopsida, Sapindales, ne Blighia nnua kuo no ho. Saa kuo yi, wɔde Captain William Bligh (kan no na ɔwɔ HMS "Bounty") din na ɛto so ɛfiri sɛ ɔno na ɔde bi baa Nglesi (England) mu.
Saa dua yi tumi nyini yɛ tenten bɛyɛ mita 40 na ɛtumi kɔ ara kɔpem mita 50 na ne nkɔn mu mu dɔ pa ara. Na n'ahaban mu baeɛ terɛ ankasa na wɔ ahaban biara so no, ahaban nkyɛmu nnan kɔsi nnwɔtwe. Ne nhwiren yɛ nketewa a ne kɔla yɛ ahabanmono a yɛde akokɔsradeɛ afra ahyehyɛ. Dua no aduaba ne fa bi na yɛtumi di. N'aduaba no ahosuo yɛ kɔkɔɔ ne akokɔsradeɛ a ɛdi afra. Aduaba biara tenten bɛyɛ sentimita 4 kɔsi 8 (2–3 in) a ne kɔla yɛ kɔkɔɔ a yɛde akokɔsradeɛ afra. Na aba a ɛwɔ mu no, nkataho a ne kɔla yɛ akokɔsaradeɛ. Saa nkataho yi, yɛdi ma no yɛ yie na wctaa de yɛ aduane wɔ Afrika Atɔeɛ mantam no mu pa ara. Dua yi aduaba ne ɛho no deɛ, wodi a ɛbɛtumi ama wɔayare na adi wo awu mpo.
Wɔtumi de saa dua yi sa yareɛ ahodoɔ bi te sɛ ɛwa, berɛboɔ yareɛ ne yafunu yareɛ nso.
Dua yi ahodoɔ a ɛwɔ hɔ.
Dua yi gu ahodoɔ mmiensa. Ɛno ne
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Alternanthera pungens
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Alternanthera pungens yɛ afifideɛ a ɛnam fam a ɛka afifideɛ abusya a wɔfrɛ no Amaranthaceae no ho. Ɛnam aba a ɛsoɔ so na aseɛ trɛ, na ne ntini no nso taa fifi wɔ beae a ne nkorabata no wɔ no. Ɛtaa fifi wɔ nkwankyɛn ne mmeae a wcto nwura gu. Nkorɔfoɔ susu sɛ afifideɛ yi ase fri Central ne South America na ɛbɛgyee ntini wɔ Australia ne Southern Africa. Afifideɛ afoforɔ a wɔne no wɔ abusua baako mu bi te sɛ Alternanthera sessilis(L.) R.Br. ex DC., yɛ adeɛ a wɔatwerɛ atɔ hɔ mmere tenten sɛ aseɛ fri Tropical Africa enti ɛbɛyɛ den paa sɛ wobetumi akyerɛ sɛ efiri baabi na ɛbaa mantam hɔ.
Nfifideɛ a ɛwɔ saa abusua yi mu no ahaban ne ne nfinfini taa keka bomu wɔ nsutɔberɛ mu.Edu ɔpɛ berɛ nso a, afifideɛ no fa a ɛwɔ asaase ani no wu ma no ka ne ntini a ɛhyɛ fam. Saa ntini yi nwu. Nhwiren fitaa pue wɔ n'ahaban mu. N'aduaba a ɛyɛ ketewa na etumi wɔ no nso pue wɔ ahaban no nfinfini, enni ngyinasoɔ na kaar ne 'stock' na ɛde pete.N'aba hyɛnhyɛn no yɛ 'brown',wɔamia so, na ɛbɛyɛ 1.5mm.
Johann Jacob Dillenius kyerɛɛ sɛnea afifideɛ yi abusua no teɛ wɔ ne nwoma "Hortus Elthamensis", vol 1 no mu wɔ afe 1732 mu. Ɔkyerɛɛ mu wɔ ne kasa mu sɛ ɛyɛ "Achyracantha repens foliis Bliti pallidi"."Afei wɔ afe 1836 mu no Jean-Christoph Heyland (1792-1866) nso kyerɛkyerɛɛ mu wɔ ne nwoma "Histoire naturelle des Iles Canaries," vol 2 mu.Mprenpren yi, Kew ma afifideɛ ahodoɔ 139 a ɛwɔ afifideɛ abusua Alternanthera no mu.
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Spathodia campanulata
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Spathodea yɛ abusua bi a ɛwɔ afifideɛ abusua Bignoniaceae mu. Dua baako pɛ na ɛwɔ mu, Spathodea campanulata, na wɔtaa frɛ no Afrika tulip dua. Dua no nyini bɛyɛ tenten de firi mita 7–25 (anammɔn 23–82) na ɛfir Afrika kwaeɛ a ɛhɔ yɛ hye mu. Wɔapa no sɛ ɛka "Wiase mu Nnua a Wɔsɛe no" mu ɔha (100) no ho.
Wɔdua saa dua yi kɛseɛ sɛ afɛfɛdeɛ dua wɔ mmeaeɛ a nsuo tɔ na awia bɔ kɛseɛ na wɔkyerɛ ho anisɔ kɛseɛ esiane ne nhwiren a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-akutuo anaa kɔkɔɔ (ɛntaa nyɛ akokɔ-sradeɛ), ɛyɛ hwiren a ɛyi te sɛ ɛdɔn a ɛyɛ fɛ yie. Edin a wɔde frɛ no nyinaa firi Tete Hela nsɛmfua σπαθη (spathe) ne οιδα (oida), a ɛkyerɛ calyx a ɛte sɛ spathe. Europafoɔ na wɔhunuu no wɔ afe apem ahanson aduowɔtwe nson (1787) mu wɔ Afrika Sikakɔkɔɔ Mpoano.
Nkyerɛmu.
Nhwiren no te sɛ ampule na nsuo wɔ mu. Ɛtɔ da bi a nkurɔfoɔ de saa nkorabata yi di agorɔ esiane sɛ wɔtumi hwie miu nsuo no gu nti. Ɛtɔ mmerɛ bi a, nsuo no yɛ akokɔ-sradeɛ wɔ nsateaa ne ntadeɛ mu. Nhwiren a abue no te sɛ kaapo na ɛkura nsuo ne bosuo, na ɛma nnomaa ahodoɔ pii ani gye ho.
Nhwiren ho adesua.
Afrika tulip dua nhwiren no ma nhwiren akɛseɛ a ɛyɛ fɛ a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-akutuo a ɛwɔ nhwiren bɛyɛ anum na ne tenten yɛ sɛntimita 8-15. Nhwiren ahodoɔ no yɛ ɔbarima ne ɔbaa na ɛwɔ afaafa mmienu pɛpɛɛpɛ (zygomorphic). Wɔda eyinom adi wɔ nhwiren a ɛte sɛ nhwiren a ɛyɛ tratraa a nhwiren dada wɔ n’afa (corymb-like raceme inflorescence). Ne mman tenten bɛyɛ sɛntimita 6. Nhwiren yi nso wɔ ano ano wɔ akoɔ-sradeɛ ne ne menewa. Wɔbɛtumi ahunu nhwiren no akwaa a ɛyɛ ɔbaa no wɔ stamen ahodoɔ nnan a wɔde hyɛ corolla tubu no so no mfinimfini. Nhwiren yi wɔ awotwaa a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛkorɔn na ɛwɔ nkwammoaa mmienu. Dua yi aba yɛ petee, teateaa, na ne ntaban trɛ.
Nkyekyɛmu fekuo ahodoɔ.
Wɔ Neotropika turo ne pramma so no, wɔn nsuo yɛ dea hummingbird pii ani gye ho, te sɛ amango a ne menewa yɛ tuntum ("Anthracothorax nigricollis"), jacobin tuntum ("Florisuga fusca"), anaa hummingbird a n'ahosuo no yɛ sika kɔkɔɔ ("Hylocharis chrysura"). Dua no nnua yɛ mmerɛ na nnomaa pii a wɔtu ntokuru te sɛ barbets de yɛ wɔn perebuo. Awerɛhosɛm ne sɛ nhwiren no wɔ abɔdeɛ mu ahobammɔ a ɛkum wowa, na wosusu sɛ mmoa ahodoɔ afoforɔ a wɔtwe mu nsuo.
Asasesin mu nkyekyɛmu.
Abɛyɛ mmoa a wɔba mmeaeɛ a nsuo tɔ na awia bɔ kɛseɛ, te sɛ Hawaii, Queensland (Australia), Fiji, Papua New Guinea, South Africa ne mmeaeɛ a ɛhɔ yɛ nwunu ne mmeaeɛ a ɛwɔ Sri Lanka mfinimfini.
"Spathodea campanulata" yɛ mmoawa a wɔabɔ wɔn amanneɛ sɛ wɔyɛ mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnɔbaeɛ a ɛto so 3 wɔ Queensland, Australia, wɔ "Asase Ho Banbɔ (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002 ase". Wɔnim sɛ ɛyɛ awuduru ma Australiafoɔ kurom hɔ wowa, bi te sɛ "Lipotriches (Austronomia) flavoviridis".
Mmoawa ne nyarewa.
Wɔ Uganda no, lepidopteran su ahodoɔ mmienu, nkanka ahodoɔ mmienu, ne amankuo baako to hyɛ "S. campanulata" so. Wɔ Puerto Rico no, wɔabɔ amanneɛ sɛ nkoekoemmoa ahodoɔ nkron a wɔyɛ Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, ne Thysanoptera nnidisoɔ nnidisoɔ sɛ wɔdi "S. campanulata" mmeaeɛ ahodoɔ. Ɛda adi sɛ ɛtoɔ ne akoma porɔ koraa bɛtumi apira no; dua no nnua porɔ ntɛmntɛm berɛ a atɔ fam.
Dwumadie.
Ne nnua no yɛ mmerɛ dodo sɛ wɔde bɛdi dwuma wɔ adansie mu nanso ɛyɛ ma nnaka ne nnua a wɔde yiyi ɛse mu. Ɛtɔ mmerɛ bi a, Fiji mmɔfra de ne nhwiren a ɛyɛ nkorabata di dwuma sɛ nsuo mu atuo.
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Xylopia aethiopica
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Xylopia aethiopica yɛ dua a ɛyɛ ahahanmono, ɛyɛ huam, a ɛfiri Annonaceae abusua mu a ɛtumi nyini kɔduru mita aduonu(20). Ɛfiri kwaeɛ a nsuo tɔ na owia bɔ kɛsep wɔ hɔ ne kwaeɛ a ɛyɛ nwunu a ɛwɔ Afrika savanna mmeae mu.Wɔde X. aethiopca (hwentea) nnuaba a aho di dwuma sɛ nnuhuam ne nhabannuru.
N'abɔseɛ.
Xylopia yɛ nhyɛsoɔ a ɛfiri Hela kasa mu ξυλον πικρον (xylon pikron) a ɛkyerɛ "dua a ɛyɛ nwononwono". Ahaban no din a ɛtɔ so mmienu, aethiopica, no kyerɛ dua no abɔseɛ, wɔ Ethiopia, ɛwom sɛ mprempren yi ɛnyin kɛse paa sɛ nnɔbae wɔ Ghana, Togo ne Abibirem Atɔeɛ Fam mmeae afoforo deɛ.
Nkyekyɛmu.
Xylopia aethiopica nyini wɔ Abibirem mmeaeɛ a nsuo tɔ na swia bɔ kɛse.Ɛwɔ kwaeɛ a nsuo tɔ kɛse wɔ hɔ, titire wɔ mmeaɛ a ɛbɛn mpoano. Ɛsan nso nyin wɔ asubɔnten ho ne kwae a ɛwɔ anoano mu, ne sare mmeaeɛ a ɛhɔ yɛ kusuu.
Nea yɛde yɛ.
Wɔde Xylopia aethiopica di dwuma kɛse wɔ adanse, Afrikafo aduan ne amammerɛ mu nnuro yɛ mu.Wɔde afifideɛ no nnua yɛ pono ne mpaapaemu. Nnua no tumi si mmoawa a yɛfrɛ wɔn "termite" ano na wɔde di dwuma wɔ asese bɔ mu: "posts, scantlings, roof-ridges ne joists". Wɔde nnua no nso yɛ ahyɛmma a wɔde yɛ: adum, ahyɛmma, ahyɛmma a wɔde hyɛmma ne spars. Wɔ Togo ne Gabon no, na wɔtaa de nnua yɛ agyan ma abɔmmɔfoɔ ne akofoɔ.
Afifideɛ no nnua anaa nnuaba no ho aba mfasoɔ a wɔde sa ahurututu mu yare, anaasɛ sɛ aduro a wɔde hohoro ano de sa se yareɛ. Wɔde adi dwuma nso sɛ aduro a wɔde sa akisikuru ne atiridiinini. Sɛ wɔde nnuaba no akyi hyɛ nsa mu a, wɔde sa ntehyeewa, yafunu ne ahotutuo.
Wɔ Senegal no, wɔde nnuaba no yɛ café Touba, kɔfe anonne a ɛyɛ ɔman no honhom mu anonne ne Mouride anuanom no amammerɛ anonne dɛ.Wɔ Mfinimfini Mmere no mu no, na wɔde nnuaba no kɔ Europa sɛ ‘mako.’ Wɔ Nigeria apueɛ fam no, afifideɛ no aba yɛ ade titire a wɔde yɛ mpɔtam hɔ nkwan na wɔde ma wɔn a wɔma wɔ mma nofoɔ. Ɛda so ara yɛ ade titire a wɔdi ho dwa wɔ mpɔtam wɔ Abibirem nyinaa sɛ nnuhuam, ne ade a wɔde yɛ aduane ne nnuro. Ɛtɔ da bi a wɔde aduaba no gu nsuhina mu de te wɔn ho.
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Combretum floribundum
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Combretum floribundum, saa edin seisei wɔmfa nni dwuma bio. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP - data supplied on 2023-08-29) ama yɛahu sɛ seiei wɔde edin Combretum micranthum na ɛsi anan. Ɛyɛ dua a ɛyɛ tia na ɛso aba. Wɔtaa hunu no wɔ ɔsebɔ nnwura (tiger bush) anaa mmepɔ so wɔ Afrika Atɔeɛ mantam no mu. Ɔka Combretaceae nnua abusuakuo no ho. Wɔfrɛ no kinkeliba wɔ Benin, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Mali ne Gambia kasa ahodoɔ mu. Wɔgyidi sɛ edin kinkeliba ɛfiri Fulani kasa no mu. Wɔasane frɛ no sekhew wɔ Wolof kasa mu ne ŋɔlɔbɛ wɔ Bambara kasa mu. Wɔde yɛ tii ne ahaban nnuro na sɛ Ramadan duru a Nkramofoɔ de twa wɔn akɔnkye.
Ne Dwumadie.
Kinkeliba kyerɛ "dua a ɛte apɔ". Saa din yi, Frɛnkyefo afa na wɔfrɛ no "tisane de longue vie" anaa sɛ wcde nkaw tenten ka biribi ho.
Saa dua yi ne dwuma a ɛdi dɔɔso pa ara. Yareɛ ahodoɔ a wɔde sa no bi ne tipaeɛ, berɛboɔ mu yareɛ ɛnkanka wɔ Senegal ne Mali, mogya mu yareɛ, kokoram na nna a obi ntumi nna yie nso ka ho. Wɔ Senegal sei, sɛ obi berɛ na sɛ ne ho tutu no a ɛno na wɔde ma no sa no yareɛ. Sɛ yɛka nhabanmma a wɔwɔ tumi wɔ Nigeria ho asɛm a, saa dua yi ha ho.
Ɛsiane sɛ dua yi nkorabata yɛ den nti, wɔtaa de yɛ nkonnwa, mpa ne deɛ ɛkeka ho. Wɔnoa n'ahaban yɛ no te sɛ tii wɔ Senegal, Mali ne Burkina Faso. Afei nso, nkramofoɔ a wɔwɔ Afrika Atɔeɛ Fam ɛnkanka Wolofoɔ, Fulafoɔ, ne Mandinkafoɔ twetwa dua yi ahaban, n'akyi ne ɛho nnua nketewa na wɔtɔn de kyere kɔm wɔ Ramadan berɛ mu.
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Albizia zygia
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Albizia zygia yɛ dua a ɛnyini ntɛm wɔ Fabaceae nnua abusuakuo no mu a ɛnyɛ na wɔ Afrika Atɔe ne Mfimfini fam
Nkyerɛmu.
Saa dua yi nyini kɔ anamɔm bɛyɛ aduasa (30 meters) ne tenten mu. N'abena no foro kɔ soro na ɛterɛ na ɛmu bie yɛ te sɛ ahenkyɛ, n'akyi no ahosuo yɛ te sɛ nson na ɛsane yɛ trontrontrom. Ahaban no hyehyɛ afaafa, na nhaban no nyini yɛ te sɛ kosua bɔbea a ɛkɔ ano a ɛbobom no taa yɛ akɛseɛ.
Nhwiren no taa yɛ fitaa ne kɔkɔɔ ɛna nuaba no ɛyɛ akɔyɛ sɛ krataa ne dodoeɛ ne tuntum akyi, a ne tenten yɛ 20cm anaa 3.5cm, wɔnya nnaba no berɛ a nnua no anyini na ayɛ sɛ tuntum ne dodoeɛ.
Nkyekyɛmu ne Atenaeɛ.
Saa nua no nnyɛ nna wɔ kwaeɛ keseɛ a ɛtɔso mmienu ne semi-deciduous kwaeɛ bea mu nanso ɛsane tumi ba wɔ kwaeɛ mfitiaseɛ ne bea nnua nhyɛda nni hɔ wɔ Afrika Atɔe ne Mfinimfini mu.
Ne dwumadie.
Dua no yɛ bea kooko akuafoɔ tena aseɛ gye nwunu. Wɔnnoa nhaban, hata na ɔde yɛ atosodeɛ nkwan.
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Capara procera
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Capara procera a yɛfrɛ no African crabwood, yɛ dua a ɛfiri Carapa abusua no mu, ɛyɛ maninii ma Afrika Atɔe a nsuo tɔ kese na awia bɔ kese ne Amazon kwaeɛ a nsuo tɔ kese, a wadan no asi akyerɛ Vietnam.
Tumi no bi akyɛ American anaafoɔ nnipa kɔ wɔn a deɛ mu, Carapa surinamensis. Wɔgye aba no denneennen wɔ krakra so ɛsane wɔ anwa no nti, non-timber forest product. Wɔ beaeɛ nsuo tɔ na awia keseɛ bɔ wɔ Afrika no nnua no nni banbɔ.
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Dioscorea dumetorum
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Dioscorea dumetorum, a wɔsan frɛ no 'bitter yam', 'trifoliate yam' anaa 'three-leaved yam'( bayirɛ a n'ahaban yɛ mmiɛnsa), yɛ nhwiren afifideɛ a ɛka bayirɛ abusua a ɛde Dioscorea no ho. Afifideɛ yi aseɛ fri sub-Saharan Africa na ɛnnyɛ na mmeae a awia taa bɔ wɔ hɔ bi te sɛ Nigeria, Ghana ne Benin. Dioscorea dumetorum afifideɛ gu mu ahodoɔ, yedi bi, na ebi nso yenni.
Sɛnea ɛteɛ.
Dioscorea dumetorum wɔ ahaban mmiɛnsa a ɛdɛ nsew te sɛ Indiafoɔ bayirɛ a ɛwɔ ahaban mmiɛnsa no a yɛfrɛ no Dioscorea hispida no. Ahaban no mu biara wɔ nkorabata fri mmiɛnsa kosi nson.
Afifideɛ yi fifi fa nnua nketewa ho na etumi yɛ tenten du mita nson( seven meters). Afifideɛ yi nhama no nyin fri bayirɛ a abɔ hyɛ fam no ho afe biara.
Bayirɛ a ɛyɛ nnwono yi nhwiren ahosuo yɛ nnodowee. Nhwiren a edi dwuma sɛ mmarima no ahyehyɛ ne ho kuntann na nea edi dwuma sɛ mma no nso ahyehyɛ ne ho nfeanfeaa. N'aba no te sɛ topae a ɛwɔ afa bebree na wɔatwe mu.
Bayirɛ yi ahodoɔ pii na ɛwɔ hɔ. Deɛ ɛwɔ kwaeɛ kɛseɛ mu no yɛ nea yenntumi nni esiane 'dihydrodioscorine' ne 'dioscorine' a ɛwɔ mu bebree no nti. Emmom no, yɛwɔ bayirɛ yi bi a yetumi di a wodua wɔ Abibirem Atɔe fam. Yɛbɛyɛ nhwɛsoɔ a, beni wɔ saa bayirɛ yi ahodɔ dunnum(15) a yɛahunu sɛ yetumi di.
Atenaeɛ.
Dioscorea dumetorum nyini wɔ mmeaɛ bi te sɛ asukɔn, kwaeɛ ano, sinammɛn mu, ne mmeae a aboɔ wɔ.
Ɛtaa fifi wɔ Afrika Sahara anafoɔ fam. Wɔtaa dua Dioscorea dumetorum wɔ Bight of Biafra mantam fri Alatamanmu(Nigeria) kosi Gabon,ɛnna afei Ubangi-Shari mantam a ɛwɔ Central Africa.
Dwuma a edi.
Discorea dumetorum yɛ ɛkɔm aduane wɔ Abibirem Atɔeɛ fam. Mpɛn pii no, wodua bayirɛ yi sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a sɛ ɛkɔba sɛ nnubae ahodoɔ a wɔadua no annyɛ yie a, wɔatu de asi ananmu. Nanso wɔntaa nndua esiane sɛ ɛnnkyɛ na awuduro aba mu na afei nso wotu gu hɔ a ɛnnkyɛ na ayɛ den.
Esiane sɛ bayirɛ ahodoɔ a ɛte sɛɛ no nnkyɛ na awuduro aba mu no nti eho hia sɛ wosiesie no yie ansaana wɔadi. Akwan a wotumi fa so yɛ yei no bi ne sɛ wɔde begu nsuo a ɛretene mu fri nnansa kosi nnanum anaa wɔde bɛhyɛ dɔteɛ tumtum mu.
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Mallotus oppositifolius
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Mallotus oppositifolius yɛ dua ban bi a ɛka Mallotus abusuakuo no ho. Yɛbɛhunu bi wɔ Abibrem ne titiriw, Madagascar.
IUCN red list akan Mallotus oppositifolius var. lindicus aka nnua a wɔn ho yɛ na mprenpren no ho.
Aqueous ne ethanol nsuo a wɔtwe firi dua no mu no wɔ antifungal su ne anti parasitic dwumadie a ɛko tia blastocystis hominis.Ethanol a ɛwɔ ahaban no mu no dwumadie a ɛgyina bioassay so a wɔtwe no Madagascar no maa bioactive dimeric phloroglucinols mallatojaponin B ne C ɛna afei mallotophenone tee wɔn ho. Compound yeinom wɔ antiproliferative and antiplasmodial (antimalarial) dwumadie .
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Jackie Appiah
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Jackie Appiah (wɔwoo no 5 Ɔbɛnem 1983 ) yɛ Ghana odiyifoɔ a wɔwoo no wɔ Canada . N’adwuma sɛ odiyifoɔ nti, wanya abasobɔdeɛ ne din ahodoɔ pii, a abasobɔdeɛ a ɛfa "Oyikyerɛfoɔ a Ɔsen Biara wɔ Dwuma a Ɛdi Kan" wɔ 2010 Africa Movie Academy Awards ; ne "Oyikyerɛfo a Ɔsen Biara wɔ Dwuma a Ɛboa" wɔ Africa Movie Academy Awards mu wɔ afe 2007. Ɔnyaa din mmienu sɛ "Oyikyerɛfoɔ a Ɔsen Biara wɔ Dwumadie a Ɛdi Kan" ne "Oyikyerɛfoɔ a Ɔreba a Ɔsen Biara" wɔ Africa Movie Academy Awards wɔ afe 2008. . Glitz Africa de Excellence in Creative Art Award Di No Anuonyam wɔ Ghana Mmea a Wɔsen Biara wɔ Afe no mu Nidi 2023 mu. Ɔyɛ siniyɛfo, ntadehyɛ ho ɔyɛkyerɛfo ne obi a ɔboa nnipa.
Mfiase asetra.
Wɔwoo Jackie Appiah wɔ 5 December 1983, wɔ Toronto, Canada. Ɔno ne mmofra baanum no mu nea otwa to. Ɔdii ne mmofraberem wɔ Canada, na ɔne ne maame tu kɔɔ Ghana bere a na wadi mfe 10. Nnipa pii de n’ababaa din Apia frɛ no. Appiah waree Peter Agyemang wɔ afe 2005 mu na ɔwɔ ɔbabarima baako. Appiah papa ne Kwabena Appiah (owufoɔ Joe Appiah, mmaranimfoɔ a wagye din wɔ Kumasi, nua kumaa), mprempren </link> a ɔte Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Adwuma.
Appiah a ɔdaa ne ho adi wɔ sini mu no bɛyɛɛ daa bere a Edward Seddoh Junior, a ɔkyerɛw "Things We Do For Love", faako a ɔyɛɛ Enyonam Blagogee dwumadi no too nsa frɛɛ no no. Akyiri yi ɔde ne ho hyɛɛ "Tentacles", "Games People Play", "Sun-city" ne TV so dwumadi afoforo pii mu.
Appiah kae ne ho sɛ na ɔfɛre ade kɛse bere a edi kan a ɔkɔɔ set so no: "Na ɛyɛ Venus Film Production a wɔato din "Divine Love" na na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ Kate, protagonist no dwumadi . Mannye nni sɛ ɔyɛɛ papa dodo. Me fumbled nanso.", nnipa pii anhu." Ɛmfa ho sɛ na ne ho yeraw no no, nea odii kan bae no kae sɛ otumi maa obiara ani gyee ho.
Appiah se ne fã a eye sen biara ne "Mummy’s Daughter" a Venus Films yɛe no mu. Sini no ka Bartels Abusua a ɔyɛɛ Princess, ɔbabea no dwumadi no ho asɛm. "M'ani gyee sɛnea meyɛ agoru no ho, na m'ani gyee dwumadi a midii no ho". [ "This quote needs a citation" ] Mprempren Appiah hu sɛ ɛhɔnom sini adwuma no asesa ayɛ yiye. Osusuw sɛ afoforo behu ne nkonimdi a etwa to.
Nollywood nkɔso ne nkonimdi.
Na Nollywood nim Appiah dedaw denam ne Ghana sini ahorow pii a edii yiye a nea ɛka ho ne "Beyoncé - The President Daughter", "Princess Tyra", "Passion of the Soul", "Pretty Queen", "The Prince's Bride", "The King is Mine" ne "The Perfect Picture" . Ne Nollywood sini ahorow a ɛda nsow no bi ne "Black Soul" ne "Bitter Blessing", a ɔne Nollywood odiyifo Ramsey Nouah ne "My Last Wedding," a ɔne Nollywood odiyifo Emeka Ike ka ho.
Wɔ afe 2013 mu no, onyaa Amanaman Ntam Oyikyerɛfo a Ɔsen Biara abasobɔde wɔ "Papyrus Magazine" Screen Actors Awards (PAMSAA) 2013 mu. a wɔyɛɛ no Abuja, Nigeria.
Adwuma a wɔde hyɛ nkurɔfo nkuran.
Wobetumi ahu Appiah anim wɔ dawurubɔ nkrataa ne TV so dawurubɔ ahorow pii so wɔ Ghana a GSMF dawurubɔ bi a ɛfa ahobammɔ a wɔde bɔ HIV AIDS ho ka ho. Ɔdii nkonim wɔ UB anim wɔ promotion bi a ɔyɛ maa wɔn wɔ TV advertisements mu na mprempren ɔte saa </link> IPMC anim ma aguade ho dawurubɔ ne dawurubɔ nkrataa. "GSMF " ne ne TV so dawurubɔ a edi kan.
Ankorankoro asetra.
Jackie waree Peter Agyemang wɔ afe 2005 mu a ɔne no woo ɔbabarima baako, Damien Agyemang. Wɔwaree mfe abiɛsa akyi no, wogyaee aware.
Wɔkaa wɔ afe 2020 mu sɛ Jackie Appiah nyinsɛn maa Liberia ɔmampanyin, George Weah . Nanso, ɔpoo asɛm no denam ne Instagram krataafa a ɔde kɔɔ ne Instagram krataafa so kae sɛ: "Ɔserew a ɛpopa atosɛm ne nsɛm a wɔayɛ no atoro."
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Cynthia Konlan
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Cynthia Konlan Findib(a wɔwoo no Obubuo bosome da a ɛtɔ so aduonu-nkron wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne mmienu mu(29/10/2002) yɛ Ghana bɔɔlobɔni a ɔno na ɔda atena ano ma 'Saudi women's premier League' kuo a wɔfrɛ no Al-Hilal ne Ghana National team.
N'adwuma.
Konlan gyae Ghana bɔɔlobɔ wɔ berɛ a wadi mfeɛ du-nnan, na ɔkɔdɔnn Pear Pia mmaa wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne du nsia mu. Ɔdii ne diberɛ wɔ hɔ kɔpemm mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne aduonu mmienu.
Swieqi United, 2022-23.
Wɔ September mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne aduonu mmienu (2022) mu no, Malta mmaa First Division kuo Swieqi United de wɔn nsa hyɛɛ Konlan ase. Akyire a ɔkaa Ghanafoɔ a wɔpaw wɔn maa 2022 FIFA U-20 mmaa wiase Kuropɔn a wɔyɛɛ no Costa Rica no ho. Wɔ Kotonimaa 2023 mu no, ɔtrɛɛ ne kontrata a ɔne Swieqi United yɛe no mu maa mfeɛ mmienu a ɛdi hɔ no, sɛnea Assikura Women’s League kuo no sii so dua wɔ aban kwan so Fiada no. Konlan dii dwuma titire wɔ Swieqi United nkonimdie a wodii nnansa yi wɔ Assikura mmaa akansie gyinabea no mu. Wɔ berɛ no nyinaa mu no, ɔkuraa mu dendeenden na ɔtoo atena nsia pɛ. Konlan agodie a ɛyɛ nwonwa no maa ɔnyaa abodin sɛ Malta Bɔɔlbɔ Agodifoɔ Fekuo no Bɔlbɔfoɔ a Ɔsene obiara wɔ afe no mu.
Al- Hilal, 2023 bɛpem nnɛ
BƆsanaa menyaa mmoa firiiɛ.
en
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Elizabeth Akua Ohene
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Elizabeth Akua Ohene (wɔwoo no 24 Ɔbɛnem 1945) yɛ Ghana nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔfo ne ɔmanyɛfo. Na ɔyɛ ƆSoafo a ɔhwɛ Nhomasua a a Ɛkɔ So wɔ Ghana wɔ Ɔmampanyin John Kufuor ase. Na wadi kan asom sɛ Samufo wɔ "Daily Graphic adwumakuw no mu", na na ɔno ne ɔbea a odi kan wɔ dwumadi no mu a ɔnyaa saa akwanya no. Ɔsanso kɔɔ Indiana Ɔpɛpɔn, wɔ Bloomington, Indiana, United States, ɛhɔ na ɔnyaa Mass Communication Adesua Ademe. Ɔyɛɛ Press Fellow fi January kosi June 1983 wɔ Wolfson College, University of Cambridge, wɔ United Kingdom.
Mfitiase asetra ne nhomasua.
Wɔwoo Elizabeth Ohene wɔ 24 Ɔbɛnem 1945 wɔ Ho wɔ Volta Mantam mu wɔ Ghana. Ɔkɔɔ Mawuli Sukuu na ɔnyaa kwan kɔɔ Ghana Suapɔn mu wɔ afe 1964 mu, na ɔwiee BA (Hon.) abodin krataa wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu wɔ afe 1967 mu. Ɔsan kɔɔ Indiana Sukuupɔn, wɔ Bloomington, Indiana, United States, faako a onyaa Nnipadɔm Nkitahodi Ho Adansedi Krataa. Na ɔyɛ Nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔfo fi January kosi June 1983 wɔ Wolfson College, Cambridge Sukuupɔn, wɔ United Kingdom.
Adwuma.
Ohene yɛɛ adwuma sɛ nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔfo wɔ "Daily Graphic" na wɔ 1979 mu no ɔbɛyɛɛ ɔbea a odi kan wɔ Afrika a ɔhwɛɛ ɔman no da biara da atesɛm krataa bi so. Ɔkɔɔ nnommumfa mu bere a ɔkasa tiaa Jerry Rawlings aban no akyi. Ɔyɛ kan Ɔman soafo wɔ Nhomasua, Nyansahu ne Agumadi Dwumadibea no. Na ɔka BBC "Focus on Africa" kuw a wɔgyee abasobɔde no nso ho. Ohene yɛɛ ɔkasamafo wɔ kan Ɔmampanyin John Kufuor nniso mu.
Bere a Ohene fii n’adwuma ase wɔ nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ mu wɔ "Daily Graphic" dwumakuw no mu no, na ɛyɛ bere a na amammui mu basabasayɛ wɔ Ghana. Otu kɔɔ London kɔtoaa n’adwuma so sɛ nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔfo maa dapɛn dapɛn nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ nsɛmma nhoma bi a wɔfrɛ no "Talking Drums." Na ɔyɛ tintimfo ne samufo. Akyiri yi ɔbɛyɛɛ Daa Dwumadi ahorow no samufo Abadiakyiri wɔ BBC World Service Afrika Ɔsom dwumadibea no. Ohene tenaa London mfeɛ 19, berɛ a ɔfirii Ghana a na ohia ahobanmmɔ no.
Ohene and Rawlings.
Wɔ Ɔmanpanyin Jerry John Rawlings nniso ase no, na wɔtaa bu nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔfo sɛ ɔman no atamfo, na na wɔtaa yɛ wɔn ayayade na wokunkum wɔn. Na Ohene yɛ adwuma sɛ "Daily Graphic" samufo wɔ Ghana bere a na Rawlings di ɔman no so. Otintim samufo asɛm bi a egye Rawlings nniso ho kyim, na na ɛsɛ sɛ ofi ɔman no mu na ama waguan agye ne kra. Ɔkɔɔ London, ɔne ne mfɛfo adwumayɛfo baanu, na ɔhyehyɛɛ nsɛmma nhoma "Talking Drums". Na "Talking Drums" no atirimpɔw ne sɛ wobenya asɛnka agua a wɔde bɛpa nnipa hokwan ahorow a wɔabu so a ɛrekɔ so wɔ Ghana no ho ntama. Wɔ afe 2021 mu no, Ɔmanpanyin Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo paw no sɛ Asetra mu Ahobammɔ ne Ɔman Insurance Trust (SSNIT) Boayikuw no Titenani.
Ɔsan nso yɛɛ ahonim kasafo wɔ Ghana socio-político mu denam n’akyerɛw nhoma ahorow so. Wɔ afe 2022 mu no, ɔkaa sɛ ɛbɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛpene affirmative action bill no so efisɛ ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ asiane ma mmarima a wɔwɔ dibea no. Akyiri yi, ɔkyerɛɛ n'adwene wɔ "Anas galamsey exposé" no ho, na ɔkaa ho asɛm sɛ ɛyɛ nea ɛdaadaa nkurɔfo.
Amanyɔsɛm.
Ohene sɔre tia ɔman mpanyimfo a wɔyɛ adifudepɛ wɔ Ghana; waka sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wohu adifudepɛ sɛ "korɔnbɔ" na wakyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ ɔhaw a ɛde fambɔ ba ɔman biara so.
Wagyina nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔfo ahofadi akyi. Wɔ afe 2016 mu no, ɔkamaa amanneɛbɔfoɔ bi a wɔbaraa no sɛ ɔntum nkɔ Ghana Mmarahyɛ Bagua no mu ɛnam sɛ wɔsusu sɛ ɔbɔ amanneɛ wɔ ɔkwan a ɛntene so, na ɔkaa sɛ ɔgye di sɛ amanneɛbɔfoɔ adwuma ne sɛ ɔbɛpia ahyeɛ, na ɛsɛ sɛ mfomsoɔ no yɛ suahu anaa berɛ a wɔtumi de kyerɛkyerɛ nanso ɛnsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ den sene saa.
Ohene ka wɔn a wɔpɛ sɛ wote nnipa dodow awo so no akyi wɔ Ghana, na ɔka sɛ ɛyɛ ɔkwan a wɔbɛfa so atew ohia so. Ɔtaa adwuma a Ɔbenfo Leticia Adelaide Appiah, Ɔman Nnipa dodow Bagua no kwankyerɛfo panyin, ne Appiah nyansahyɛ a ɛne sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ mmea a wɔwɔ Ghana wo mmofra baasa pɛ na wɔnyɛ a, wɔhwere aban nnwuma a wontua hwee no.
Volta Mmabun Nhyiam no akasa atia Ohene sɛ ɔmfa mmoa mma atetesɛm sodifo, titiriw wɔ nsɛm a emu yɛ den a ɔka tiaa Togbe Afede XIV, Asorgli Mantam no Panyin ne Ɔman Aban Asoɛe no Titenani wɔ afe 2018 mu no ho.
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Wedelia africana
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Wedelia africana, edin no yɛ asɛmfua a ɛne Aspilia africana hyia. kan no na wɔde yɛ afifide a ɛsow nhwiren a ɛwɔ Afrika mmeae a osu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse, nanso wommu no bio sɛ nyansahu mu din a ɛfata. Mprempren wɔakyekyɛ saa afifide yi mu sɛ Aspilia africana. Aspilia yɛ nhwiren abusua bi a ɛwɔ abusua Asteraceae mu. Nhoma akyerɛwfo binom de saa abusua yi aka Wedelia ho, nanso afoforo kyerɛ sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wɔyxɛ nhwehwɛmu pii. Aspilia fi Afrika, Madagascar, ne Latin Amerika. Aspilia africana, a wɔsan frɛ no mogyatɔw afifide anaa wuram owia-nsoromma ,yɛ mmoa ahorow bɛyɛ a aduanum ɛwɔ Aspilia abusua mu no mu biako.
Nkyerɛmu.
Aspilia africana yɛ nhabannuru a ɛyɛ nnua fa bi a efi nnua ntini a ɛtra hɔ daa kosi ne sorokɔ yɛ sɛntimita 25–130. Ahaban no tenten yɛ sɛntimita 4–12 na ɛte sɛ agyan. Nnuaba no tenten yɛ 3–3.5mm achenes.
Ɛyɛ polymorphic paa a anyɛ yiye koraa no, wohu ahorow anan.
Nkyekyɛmu ne baabi a wɔte..
Ɛtrɛw kɛse wɔ Afrika mmeae a osu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse, na ɛwɔ sare, kwae, kwae ano, ne mmeae a wɔagyaw hɔ a wɔyɛ kua so.
Abibiduruo.
Wɔakyerɛ sɛ Aspilia africana yɛ afifide a ɛntumi adi awu wɔ Afrikafo aduruyɛ mu de asa akuru.Mmea fa ne nhaban sɛ aduru a wɔde gu mu wɔ awo akyi. Nyansahu mu adanse biara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛwɔ nnuru biara.
Wɔkyerɛ sɛ afifide no nhaban ne nhwiren a ɛyɛ foforo a wabubu no wɔ suban soronko a ɛma mogya tu, wɔ Liberia no, wɔkyerɛ sɛ afifide no tumi kyere mogya a ɛretu wɔ ntini a ɛmu atwa. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no twetwe nsu a ɛtwetwe (enti Hausa kasa mu no, wɔ frɛ no ‘twetwe nsu’) na ɛma ayaresa ntɛmntɛm. Wosusuw sɛ wɔn mogya a ɛma mogya tu no fi ntini a ɛtwetwe mogya no.
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Comfort Yeboah
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Comfort Yeboah (wɔwoo no 17 ɔpɛnimaa 2006) yɛ Ghanani baa bɔɔlbɔfoɔ. Wɔ Ghana no, ɔbɔ ma Ampem Darkoa bɔɔlbɔ kuo sɛ full-back anaa defender. Ɔbɔɔ bɔɔlo maa Ampem Darkoa Ladies wɔ CAF Women's Champions League ne Black Princesses nso wɔ WAFU B Girls Cup a wɔyɛɛ no Kumasi berɛ a edi kan no mu. Wɔ afe mpem mmienu ne mmiensa (2003) mu no, wɔbɔɔ Comfort din yie sɛ afe no mu kuo a wɔdii nkonim wɔ afe mpem mmienu ne aduonu mmiensa (2023) CAF Mmaa Champions League a wɔyɛɛ no Cote D'Ivoire no fa.
Abasobɔdeɛ ahodoɔ.
Wɔ afe mpem mmienu ne aduonu mmiensa (2023) mu no, Comfort Yeboah a ɔbɔ ma Black Queens (National team) ne Ampem Darkoa (Club side) sɛ full-back, tumi yɛɛ list a ɛfa nnipa 3 a wɔtwa toɔ a wɔrehwehwɛ CAF mmaa bɔɔlobɔfoɔ a wɔsusua yie no (Young Player of the Year) abasobɔdeɛ no ho.
Saa din a wɔde too dwa yi bae esiane ne mmɔdenmmɔ a ɔbɔɔ no wɔ CAF Women’s Champions League agodie a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɔne Ampem Darkoa dii no nti. ɔtumi nyaa nsɛntitire bi maa Ampem Darkoa; no maa bɔɔlbɔ kuo denam botae ahodoɔ bi a ɛho hia a ɔbɔe a ɛboaa maa wɔpiaa ne kuo no kɔɔ akansie no fa a etwa toɔ no mu, wɔ fa a etwa toɔ no fa no, ɔtumi too ntena mmienu maa ne bɔɔlobɔkuo no.
Kasa ahodoɔ a wɔka.
Ghana bɔɔlbɔfoɔ yi; Comfort Yeboah ka Borɔfo kasa a mfomsoɔ biara nni ho na ɔka ne kurom kasa nso. Ɔyɛ Akanni a ɔka ne kurom kasa a ɛyɛ Akan Kasa no nkorabata a yɛfrɛ no sɛ Asante Twi. Wɔ ne amanaman ntam nkitahodie a ɔne CAF TV diiɛ no no mu baako mu wɔ berɛ a ɔdaa nsoromma mu mmɔdenmmɔ soronko wɔ agokansie a ɔdaa no adi wɔ wɔn CAF Women’s Champions League ɔsatuo a wɔne Ampem Darkoa Ladies diiɛ a ɛmaa ɔnyaa abodin sɛ Woman of the Match, a ɛde nsɛm a wɔaka ho asɛm a wɔbisabisaa CAF TV no baeɛ no, wɔhunuu no a ɔde ahotosoɔ ka Akan kasa nkorabata Twi wɔ nsɛm a wobisabisaa amanaman ntam nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔfoɔ wɔ agorɔdie no akyi.
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Esther Afua Ocloo
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Esther Afua Ocloo (wɔwoo no Esther Afua Nkulenu; 18 Ayɛwohomumɔ 1919 – 8 Ɔpɛpɔn 2002) yɛ Ghanani aguadifoɔ ne ɔkwampaefoɔ wɔ microlending, nhyehyɛeɛ a wɔde bɔ bosea nketewa sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛkanyan nnwuma.
Na ɔyɛ wɔn a wɔhyehyɛɛ Wiase Mmea Sikakorabea wɔ 1976 mu no mu biako, na ɔne Michaela Walsh ne Ela Bhatt na ɛyɛɛ. Ocloo yɛɛ ɔhwɛfo guamtrani a odi kan. Ɔnyaa 1990 Afrika Akannifoɔ Nkonimdie ne anuonyam foforɔ pii wɔ adwuma a ɔyɛeɛ de gyinaa sikasɛm mu ahoɔden a ɔde maa mmaa ne mmusua ananmu no ho. Na ɔyɛ Biakoyɛ Wiase Nyinaa Ɔsom Adwuma kuw no muni.
Mfitiase asetra ne nhomasua.
Wɔwoo Afua Nkulenu wɔ Volta Mantam mu wɔ Ghana (saa bere no na wɔfrɛ hɔ British Togoland). George Nkulenu a ɔyɛ ɔdansifo ne ne yere Georgina a ɔyɛ ɔnwemfo ne okuafo a wɔn baanu nyinaa yɛ Ewefo na ɛwoo no. Ɔkɔɔ Presbyterian mfitiase sukuu, na Afua kɔɔ anim kɔɔ Sukuu a wɔde mmofra kɔtra mu a wɔbom sua ade wɔ Peki Blengo. Esiane ohia nti, na otu kwan dapɛn biara fi fie kɔ sukuu, na na ɔfa nnuan dapɛn biara sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɔrensɛe sika pii. Bere a onyaa sika a wɔde boa (Scholarship) a ɔde bɛkɔ Achimota Sukuu no, ne maame nuabea bi nso maa no kar sika. Osuaa ade wɔ hɔ fi 1936 kosi 1941, na onyaa Cambridge Sukuu Adansedi Krataa.
Wɔ 1943 mu no, Nkulenu de sika fam akyɛde ketewaa bi a efi ne maame nuabea hɔ ne ahokokwaw a onyae wɔ Achimota dii dwuma na ofii ase tɔn marmalade wɔ Accra. Bere a osii gyinae sɛ ɔbɛkɔ so ayɛ adwuma foforo wɔ aduan ho adwumayɛ mu no, onyaa nhyehyeɛ apam fii Achimota ntoasoɔ sukuu hɔ sɛ ɔmfa akutu anonne a wɔde akutu a wodua wɔ ne sukuupɔn no mu ayɛ bɛma sukuu no. Afei ɔsan nso nyaa nhyehyeɛ apam foforo sɛ ɔde anonne bɛma Royal West African Frontier Forcefo. Esiane sɛ na onni nneɛma a n’ankasa de bedi asɛyɛde ahorow no ho dwuma nti, ɔbɔɔ bosea fii sikakorabea bi hɔ na ɔhyehyɛɛ Nkulenu Industries, adwumayɛbea a edi kan a wɔyɛ nnuan wɔhɔ wɔ Gold Coast.
Bere a ɔmaa n’adwuma no sii hɔ akyi no, Achimota College boaa no sɛ ɔnkɔsra England na onsua ade fi 1949 kosi 1951. Ɔno ne onipa a odi kan a ofi Afrika abusua mu a onyaa aduannoa ho adansedi krataa fii Good Housekeeping Institute a ɛwɔ London na ɔyɛɛ Aduan a Wɔkora So Adesua a ɛkɔ akyiri wɔ Long Ashton Research Station, Department of Horticulture, Bristol University. Ɔsan kɔɔ Ghana na ɔwareɛ hyeɛ n;abusua ase.
Adwumayɛ mu dwumadi.
Ocloo yɛɛ adwuma de trɛw n’adwuma mu. Otutuu kwan kɔɔ England wɔ 1956 mu kɔyɛɛ aduannoa ho nyansahyɛ ahorow a wɔde bɛtɔn nneɛma a wɔde gu toa mu. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wadi adwen a ɛmfata wɔ Ghana wɔ nneɛma a wɔyɛ wɔ mpɔtam hɔ ho so no, ɔhyehyɛɛ adwinnan fekuw na ɔboa ma wɔyɛɛ nneɛma ho ɔyɛkyerɛ a edi kan faa "Made-in-Ghana" ho wɔ afe 1958 mu ho nhyehyɛe. Esiane sɛ Ɔmanpanyin Kwame Nkrumah hyɛɛ no nkuran nti, wɔpaw no sɛ Ɔmanpanyin a odi kan wɔ nea ɛbɛyɛɛ Ghana Nnwuma Fekuw no mu, na ɔsom fii afe 1959 kosi afe 1961. Wɔ afe 1964 mu no, Ocloo ne Ghanani bea a odi kan a wɔpaw no sɛ Ghana Ɔman Aduan ne Aduandi Bagua no Titenani Panyin. Wɔ 1960 mfe no mfinimfini no ɔtrɛw ne dwumadi mu kɔɔ ntama yɛ adwuma mu.
Efi 1970 mfeɛ no mu no, Ocloo yɛɛ adwuma wɔ ɔman ne amanaman ntam wɔ sikasɛm mu ahoɔden a wɔde maa mmaa no mu. Wɔpaw no sɛ ɔfotufoɔ wɔ Mmea ne Nkɔsoɔ Badwa no mu firi afe 1976 kɔsi afe 1986, ɔyɛ Ghana ɔman Sikasɛm ho Afotuo Boayikuo no muni firi afe 1978 kɔsi afe 1979, na ɔyɛɛ Ɔman Bagua no muni wɔ Ghana Aman a Ɛtɔ so Mmiɛnsa mu firi afe 1979 kɔsi afe 1981. Na ɔyɛ Wiase Nyinaa Mmea Nhyiam a Edi Kan a wɔyɛe wɔ Mexico wɔ 1975 mu no fotufo.
Ɛno akyi no, ɔhyɛɛ bosea a wobetumi de ama mmea ho nkuran, bosea nketewa a wonim no sɛ micro-credit, na akanyan wɔn wɔ tumi a wɔde bɛhyehyɛ nnwuma mu. Wohui sɛ bosea a ɛte saa a wɔde ma mmea no hyɛ tumi a wobetumi de ahwɛ wɔn mma wɔ sikasɛm mu na wɔanya nkɔso wɔ wɔn mmusua mu no mu den. Ocloo ka wɔn a wɔhyehyɛɛ no ho na na ɔyɛ Wiase Mmea Sikakorabea Akwankyerɛ Kuw no guamtrani a odi kan fi 1979 kosi 1985.
Nyamesom dwumadi ahorow.
Na Ocloo ka wɔn a wɔyɛɛ nyamesom akuw te sɛ Evangelical Presbyterian (EP), Asɔre a ɛwɔ Madina (Accra kurotia) ne Unity Group of Practical Christianity (Ghana) a ɛne Unity Worldwide Ministries wɔ abusuabɔ no ho. Ɔboaa nso ma wɔhyehyɛɛ mmea kuw bi a wɔfrɛ no Bible Adesuakuw, wɔ EP Asɔre no mu, a na wɔn botae ne sɛ wobesua Bible ne ofie sohwɛ. Ɔsomm wɔ EP Asɔre no bagua boayikuw no mu mfe 12.
Abusua.
Esther waree Stephen Ocloo na wɔboom woo mma baanan: ɔbabea Vincentia Canacoo, ne mmabarima baasa, Vincent Malm, Christian Biassey ne Steven Ocloo Jnr.
Owuo.
Ocloo wui wɔ Accra, Ghana bere a onyaa ahurututu mu yare wɔ February 2002 mu no. Ɔyɛɛ no ɔman ayi wɔ Accra, na wosiee no wɔ ne kurom Peki Dzake.
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Cape Coast Technical Institute
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Cape Coast Technical Institute no yɛ sukuu a Joseph Kadesh Abraham a wawuwu no de sii hɔ wɔ afe 1955 mu. Na kane no wɔfrɛ no The College of Architecture na wɔasesa din ahorow pii de kosii 1976 bere a Ghana Aban gyee no kaa ɔman nhyehyɛe no ho na wɔde ne din a ɛwɔ hɔ nnɛ, Cape Coast Technical Institute, sii so.
CCTI de adwene si adesua a wɔde di dwuma so kɛse, na ɛhyɛ sukuufo nkuran sɛ wɔn fa wɔn ho nhyɛ dwumadi a wɔde di dwuma ne nsrahwɛ mu na ama wɔanya nimdeɛ a emu dɔ wɔ adwuma a wɔapaw no mu. Ɛnam akyerɛkyerɛfoɔ ne adwumayɛfo a wɔn ho akokwaw so no, CCTI bɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛma n'asuafoɔ nhomasua ne nteteɛ a ɛyɛ papa, na aboa wɔn ama wɔatumi adi wɔn botae ho dwuma na wɔadi nkonim wɔ adwuma a wɔapaw no mu. CCTI de ne ho ahyɛ boa adesuafo ma wɔ du wɔn adwuma botae ahorow ho, de nnwinnade ne mmoa a ɛho hia ma wɔ yɛ saa ma wɔn.
Botaeɛ.
Ɛne sɛ wɔbɛma sukuufo no nimdeɛ, gyinapɛn ne nimdeɛ wɔ mfiridwuma ho nimdeɛ ne suban pa ho sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛtumi ayɛ adwuma.
Anisoadehunu.
Sɛ yɛbɛka Ghana ne Afrika nyinaa mfitiaseɛ sukuu a edi mu.
Dwumadi ahorow a wɔde ma wɔ Cape Coast Mfiridwuma Asoɛe.
Asoɛe no de adesua ne ahwehwɛde ahorow pii ma wɔ nnwuma ahorow mu, a mfiridwuma, adwumayɛ, IT, akwahosan ne ahobammɔ, ne ahɔhoyɛ ka ho.
Beaɛ a wo betumi ahu wɔn.
Abura,109 Inner RIng Road, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Zingiber officinale
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Zingiber officinale a wɔ frɛ no Akekaduro wɔ Asante twi kasa mu yɛ nhwiren a ɛsow nhwiren a wɔde ne ntini, ginger ntini anaa ginger, di dwuma kɛse sɛ nnuhuam ne amanfo aduru .
Ɛyɛ nhabanduro a ɛtena hɔ daa, enyin afe afe deɛ brofo mu yɛ ka no pseudostems (atoro ntini a wɔde nhaban nnyinaso a wɔaboaboa ayɛ) a ne tenten bɛyɛ mita biako, na ɛwɔ nhaban fɛfɛɛfɛ
Wɔde ginger adi dwuma wɔ China, India ne Japan wɔ tete aduruyɛ mu mfehaha pii, na sɛ nnuan ho kabea, nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ ginger betumi aboa wɔ akyenkyennuro ne ɔyare a ɛrefa nyinsɛn ho mu, ɛwom sɛ wɔnkyerɛ sɛ edi mu. Yennim sɛ ginger yɛ adwuma wɔ yare biara ho, na FDA nso nnyaa ginger sɛ aduro ho kwan. Wɔ afe 2020 mu no, wiase nyinaa de ginger yɛɛ tɔn ɔpepem 4.3, na India na edii anim, na wiase nyinaa no, India na na ɛyɛ ginger a wɔtɔn no no mu 43%.
Nsɛm asekyerɛ.
Ginger" yɛ asɛmfua bi a wɔkyerɛɛ ase "ginger" wɔ brɔfo kasa mu wɔ afeha a ɛtɔ so 14 mfinimfini mu. Efi Old English gingifer mu, a efi Medieval Latin gingiber mu, gingiber fi Greek ζιγγίβερις zingiberis mu, na siṅgabera fi Sanskrit mu. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ Sanskrit asɛmfua no fi tete Dravidian asɛmfua bi a Tamil kasa nso fi mu baɛ no mu ena Malayalam asɛmfua iñci-vēr (fi vēr, "ntini" mu); nkyerɛase foforo bi ne sɛ Sanskrit asɛmfua no fi srngam, a ɛkyerɛ "abɛn", ne vera, a ɛkyerɛ "honam" (a ɛkyerɛ ne ntini no su), nanso ɛno betumi ayɛ kasa mu nsɛmfua. Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ wɔfaa asɛmfua no fii tete French kasa gingibre (modern French gingembre) mu kɔɔ Middle English kasa mu.
Bɛbia efiri.
Ginger fi Po Southeast Asia. Ɛyɛ ade a wͻyɛ no wͻ bere a wͻwͻ kwae mu no. Adanse a akyɛ sen biara wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔduaa no wɔ Austronesianfo mu, baabi a na ɛwɔ nnua ahorow bi a wɔduaa no na wɔde dii dwuma fi tete. Wɔtetee ginger afoforo te sɛ turmeric (Curcuma longa), turmeric fitaa (Curcuma zedoaria), ne ginger a ɛyɛ yaw (Zingiber zerumbet). Ná wɔde nnua no nhwiren ne ne nhaban no yɛ nnuan anaa wodi. Ná wɔde nnua no nhaban nso nwene nkata. Saa nneɛma yi akyi no, na ginger wɔ ɔsom mu mfaso wɔ Austronesianfo mu, na na wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne ahorow mu de sa yare, na na wɔde bisa ahonhom ho ban. Wɔsan de dii dwuma wɔ Austronesian ahyɛn nhyira mu.
Wɔfaa ginger kaa wɔn ho wɔ wɔn akwantu mu sɛ nnua a wɔdua wɔ ahyɛn mu bere a na Austronesianfo retrɛw asase so no, fi bɛyɛ afe 5,000 A.Y.B. mu. Wɔde baa Pacific Nsupɔw so wɔ bere a na nnipa a wɔtraa ase ansa na wɔrewo wɔn no mu, ansa na wɔne amammerɛ foforo rehyia. Wɔda so ara nya asɛmfua laqia a efi Proto-Malayo-Polynesian kasa mu no bi wɔ Austronesian kasa ahorow mu kɔsi Hawaii. Wɔsan nso de no baa India ne South-East Asia aduan afifide afoforo ne Austronesian akwantu mfiri mu, bere a Austronesian hyɛnkafo ne Dravidian-kasafo a wɔwɔ Sri Lanka ne South India dii nkitaho wɔ bɛyɛ afe 3,500 ansa na wɔrewo Yesu no. Afei nso na Austronesian akwantufo de kɔ Madagascar ne Comoros wɔ mfie apem a ɛdi kan Y.B. mu.
Efi India no, aguadifo faa no kɔɔ Mediterranea ne Mediterranea Apuei fam bɛyɛ afeha a edi kan Y.B. mu. Wɔtetee no titiriw wɔ India anafo fam ne Great Sunda nsupɔw no so bere a na wɔretɔn nnuhwam no, ne aduaba, ne nnuhwam afoforo pii.
Abakɔsɛm.
Ginger ho kyerɛwtohɔ a edi kan no fi Analects, a Confucius Asuafo kyerɛwee wɔ China wɔ Warring States mmere mu (475 - 221 BCE.) mu. Wɔ mu no, wɔka sɛ Confucius dii ginger wɔ aduan biara mu Wɔ afe 406 mu no, Faxian kyerɛw sɛ na wɔtete ginger wɔ nkuku mu na na wɔde kɔ China po so hyɛn mu de siw scurvy kwan. Wɔ Song ahenkyɛw (960 ⁇ 1279) mu no, na wɔtɔn ginger fi China anafo fam aman mu
Dwuma a edi.
Ginger yɛ eduani adnfo a wɔtae de di dwuma wɔ wiase nyinaa, sɛ ɛyɛ eduani anaa aduro. Wobetumi de ginger adi dwuma wɔ eduani ahodoɔ bi te sɛ afumduan, bɔnwoma, soda, nkwan, ne nsa mu. Ginger yɛ nnuan a wɔde si gyaade a ɛyɛ huam. Ginger nhwiren a ɛyɛ nketenkete no yɛ nnua a ɛyɛ dɛ, na ɛyɛ srade a ɛyɛ dɛ. Mpɛn pii no, wɔde kɔfe anaa sherry gu mu sɛ nnuan nketenkete anaa wɔnoa ma wɔde di nnuan pii. Wobetumi de agu nsu a ɛreyɛ hyew mu de ayɛ ginger ntini tii, a wobetumi de ɛwo aka ho. Wobetumi de ginger ayɛ kɔfe anaa ginger bobesa.
Asia
Asia Ginger ntini no a abere no yɛ ntamasin na ayɛ sɛ akyen. Wɔtaa de ginger ntini mu nsu di dwuma sɛ nnuan a wɔde hyɛ Indiafo nnuani mu, na ɛyɛ ade a wɔtaa de di dwuma wɔ Chinafo, Koreafo, Japanfo, Vietnamfo, ne Asia Anafo famfo nnuan pii mu de hyɛ nam, nam, ne nnuan a wodi afumduan mu dɛw.
North America
Wɔ Caribbean no, wɔde ginger yɛ nnuani ne nsa a agye din, na wɔde yɛ nsa te sɛ sorrel, nsa a wɔyɛ no Buronya bere mu. Jamaicafo yɛ ginger beer sɛ carbonated anonne( beverage) ne foforo wɔ wɔn afie mu. Mpɛn pii no, wɔde ginger tea a efi ginger foforo mu na ɛyɛ, ne Jamaican ginger cake a agye din wɔ mpɔtam hɔ no.
Western Countries
Wɔ Atɔe fam nnuan mu no, wɔtaa de ginger di dwuma titiriw wɔ nnuan a ɛyɛ dɛ te sɛ ginger ale, gingerbread, ginger snaps, parkin, ne speculaas. Wɔyɛ aduhuam bi a wɔde ginger ayɛ a wɔfrɛ no Canton wɔ Jarnac, France. Ginger wine yɛ nsa a wɔde ginger ayɛ, na wɔtɔn wɔ United Kingdom, na wɔtaa tɔ wɔ ahwehwɛ mu. Wɔde ginger nso ka kɔfe ne tii a ɛyɛ hyew ho. Wɔ Greece supɔw a wɔfrɛ no Corfu so no, wɔyɛ ɔmanfo anonne bi a wɔfrɛ no τσιτσιμπύρα (tsitsibira), a ɛyɛ ginger beer. Nnipa a wɔwɔ Corfu ne Ionian nsupɔw a aka no gyee nsa no fii Britaanifo hɔ, wɔ bere a na Ionian nsupɔw no yɛ United States no.
Nhyehyɛe ne ahobambɔ.
Sɛ wodidi no pii a, ginger nni nsunsuanso bɔne pii, nanso sɛ wodidi no pii a, ebetumi ama obi anya ɔhaw bi te sɛ ɛyaw wɔ ne yafunu mu, na ebetumi ama obi anya nnuru bi a wɔde ma no a ɔmpɛ. Ɛwɔ FDA's "generally recognized as safe" list, ɛwom sɛ ɛne nnuro bi, a ebi ne anticoagulant aduru warfarin ne komaduro nifedipine di nkitaho de.
Aduruyɛ (Chemistry)
Ginger hua ne ne dɛ no fi ne ngo a ne mu yɛ hyew a ne mu duru yɛ 1 - 3% no mu. Emu na sesquiterpenes, te sɛ beta-bisabolene ne zingiberene, zingerone, shogaols, ne gingerols ne (1- [4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl-5-hydroxy-3-decanone) yɛ mu nketenkete. Nnuro bɛyɛ 400 na ɛwɔ ginger mu.
Nhwehwɛmu.
Adanse a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ginger boa ma obi ho twa na ɔhome a obi nya bere a ɔregye aduru anaa bere a wanyinsɛn no nyɛ nokware. Adanse biara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ginger a wɔde sa nyinsɛn mu yareɛ no nyɛ hu.
Ginger nyɛ papa wɔ dysmenorrhea ho. Adanse bi wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛtumi sa yareɛ no, na ɛtumi ma nipadua no yɛ adwuma yie, nanso adanseɛ a ɛntumi nkyerɛ sɛ ɛtumi ma ɔyareɛ a wɔfrɛ no osteoarthritis no yɛ yaw. Adanse a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ginger ma mogya tumi yɛ den no yɛ soronko.
Afe 2018 mu nhwehwɛmu bi kyerɛ sɛ ginger tumi ma nnipa a wɔdi mmoroo so no so yɛ duru na ɛsan nso ma HDL-cholesterol so yɛ den.
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Berla Mundi
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Berlinda Addardey, a din a nnipa dodoɔ de nim no yɛ Berla Mundi, (wɔwoo no Oforisuo bosome da adi kan wɔ afe apem ahankron ne aduowɔtwe-nwɔtwe(1988)) yɛ Ghana nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔfoɔ, mmaa ho nsɛm okyigyinamfoɔ ne nne dwumadini. Wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne dunkron mu no(2019), ɔne Kwami Sefa Kayi na ɛyɛɛ VGMA dwumadie no akyeame.
Nnwomasua.
Berla kɔɔ sukuu wɔ St. Theresa's Sukuu, Achimota Sukuu ne University of Ghana beaeɛ ɔkɔ suaa linguistics ne psychology nyaa ne suapɔn mu abɔdinkrataa a adi kan.
Ɔsuaa French wɔ Alliance Francais sukuu mu. Ɔsan so suaa adeɛ wɔ Ghana Institute of Journalism.
Adwuma.
Mundi hyɛɛ ne nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ dwumadie ase berɛ ɔtɔɔ so mmiɛnsa wɔ Miss Maliaka ahoɔfɛ akansie no mu wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne du(2010) no akyi. Ɔne GHOne TV a ɛhyɛ EIB Network ase yɛɛ adwuma mfeɛ num. Mprempren yi ɔne TV3 Ghana a ɛhyɛ Media General Ghana Limited ase na ɛyɛ adwuma. Berla yɛɛ kyeame maa reality shows ne corporate events TV so dwumadie. Avance Media bɛdaa no adi sɛ ɔyɛ Ghanani a wanya nsunsunsoɔ kɛseɛ wɔ afoforɔ so ɛwɔ mfeɛ mpem aduonu ne dunson(2017) mu. Ɛwɔ mfeɛ mpem aduonu ne dunson(2017) mu no, ɔno na odii nkunim nyaa The Most Stylish Media Personality abasobɔdeɛ a Glitz Style Awards a Claudia Lumor na ɛyɛ baanodani de maaeɛ.
Mundi yɛ obia nnipa nim no ɛnam gyina a ogyina ma mmaayewa ne amaamefoɔ akwanya ho nsɛm ho. Ɔpaa dwumadie a ɛhwɛ na ɛtenetene adwuma ho dwumadie ntoma wɔ mfeɛ mpem aduonu ne adunwɔtwe(2018) mu. Dwumadie no botae ne sɛ ɛbɛkyerɛ mmayewa nsaanodwuma.
Wɔ mfeɛ mpem aduonu ne dunum(2015) mu no, ɔtee Berla Mundi foundation. Ɔsan nso yɛ B.You dumadie kuo no baanodani.
Ɔne amanɔne akuokuo bebree ayɛ adwuuma te sɛ, Samsung, Global citizen festival ne afoforɔ nso.
N'ankasa abrabɔ.
Berla ne David Tabi yɛɛ kokoam ayeforohyia wɔ Ɔpɛpɔn bosome da a ɛtɔ so num wɔ mfeɛ mpem aduono ne aduonu-nan mu(2024) ɛwɔ Nkran.
Dumadie a wadi ho Kyeame
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Paullinia pinnata
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Paullinia pinnata yɛ nhwiren bi a ɛwɔ "Paullinia" abusua mu a wɔhunu wɔ Amerika Anafoɔ Fam ne Afrika. Wɔde "P. pinnata" nnutan atenten a ɛyɛ mmerɛ no di dwuma sɛ awuduru de gu mpataa wɔ atareɛ a ɛmu nnɔ mu, sɛdeɛ Engiresini abɔdeɛ ho nimdefoɔ Henry Walter Bates kaa ho asɛm wɔ ne nwoma ""The Naturalist on the River Amazons mu no"."
Kɛmistri.
Afifideɛ no kura ceramide paullinomide A, β-amyrin, steroids, coumarinolignoid 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4,5-trioxaphenanthren-6-baako, 5α-poriferastane-3ß,6α-diol ne l-quebrachitol. Ɛsan nso kura triterpenoids lupeyl steryl ether, 3-oxo-11α-hydroxyl-20(29)lupen ne lupeol-3-isovanniloyl ester paullinoyl (3-O-isovanilloyl-3R,5R,8R,9R,10R,13R, 100). 14S,17S,18R,19R-lup-20(29)-en), ne flavone glycosides diosmetin-7-O-(2’ ‘-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-6’ ‘-acetyl- β-d-glucopyranoside) ne tricetin-4’-O-methyl-7-O-(2’ ‘-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-6’ ‘-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranoside) a wɔde yɛ aduru a ɛma obi nya ahoɔden.
Abɔdeɛ a nkwa wɔ mu ho adesua (Ecology).
Lepidopteran mmoawa ahodoɔ bi "(Morpho polyphemus, Fresna nyassae, Neptis trigonophora, Brenthia elongata, Charaxes lycurgus, Charaxes zelica, Euphaedra medon, Euphaedra harpalyce, Neptis clarei, Neptis nysiades, Neptis rogersi, Neptis troundi)" di P. pinnata.
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Mansonia altissima
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Mansonia altissima yɛ dua bi a ɛfiri Afrika atɔeɛ ne Mfinimfini fam. Ɛwɔ ɔmanfoɔ mu din ahodoɔ a ɛne; Afrikafoɔ wɔnuuto tuntum anaa Afrikafoɔ wɔnuuto.
Nkyekyɛmu.
"Mansonia altissima" trɛ kɔ Afrika atɔeɛ fam mfinimfini, a Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, ne Togo afa hodoɔ ka ho.
Nkyekyɛmu ketewaa ahodoɔ bi a wɔfrɛ no "Mansonia altissima" var. "altissima", yɛ dea ɛfiri mmeaeɛ a wɔha na wɔbu kwaeɛ a ayini a ɛwɔ asaseta so no mufoɔ. Ɛfiri mmeaɛ afa bi te sɛ, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, ne Republic of the Congo. Ɛrenya atenaeɛ a ɛyera na ɛrepaapae wɔ ne mpɔtam nyinaa, na wɔbu no sɛ Ɛwɔ Asiane mu.
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Cryptolepis sanguinolenta
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Cryptolepis sanguinolenta yɛ nhwiren bi a ɛwɔ abusua Apocynaceae mu. Wɔde aduru bi a wɔnya firi ne hini no mu di dwuma wɔ Afrika Atɔeɛ fam de sa atiridii.
Alkaloid titiri bi a wɔfrɛ no cryptolepine wɔ Cryptolepis sanguinolenta nhini mu.
Wɔde nhini no nso di dwuma de hyɛ akokɔ-sradeɛ aduru.
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Anacardium occidentale
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Atea yɛ nnua bi a ɛwɔ Atɔeɛ fam a wɔfrɛ no Anacardium occidentale a ɛwɔ Anacardiaceae abusua no mu. Ɛfiri South America, ɛso yɛ frɔmfrɔm na ɛhɔ na wɔnya atea aba ne atea aduaba no firi. Dua no tenten bɛtumi aduru mita dunan (14 metres), nanso nnɔbaeɛ a ɛyɛ nketenkete no tumi nyini bɛyɛ mita nsia (6 metres), na ɛso aba pii. Wɔtumi di cashew aba no bi, na wɔdi no sɛ nnuane a ɛnyɛ den, wɔde yɛ nnuane bi tesɛ atea cheese anaa cashew butter. Mpɛn pii no, wɔfrɛ no 'cashew' kɛkɛ. Atea bɛtumi ama obi anya nyarewa a ɛfiri protein a ɛwɔ n'aba no mu.
Wɔ Afe Mpem mmienu ne dunkron (2019) mu no, wɔtwaa nnɔbaeɛ tɔn Ɔpepem nnan wɔ wiase nyinaa, na Ivory Coast ne India na wɔdua cashew nnɔbaeɛ no a ɛsene ɔman biara. Sɛ́ anka wɔde nnua no bɛyɛ aduaba ne aba no, wɔde di dwuma wɔ akwan foforo so. Cashew aba no ho ntini no ma wɔnya nneɛma bi a wɔbetumi de adi dwuma wɔ nneɛma pii mu te sɛ, lubricants, waterproofing, paints ne nneɛma a wɔde siesie akodeɛ, a wɔde firii aseɛ wɔ Wiase Ko a ɛtɔ so mmienu (World War II) no mu. Cashew aba no yɛ aba a ne kɔla yɛ kɔkɔɔ , na wobetumi de ne ntini ne ne nsuo ayɛ nsa dɔkɔdɔkɔ na wɔde yɛ nsa a ano yɛ den nso ma no yɛ yie.
Nkyerɛkyerɛmu.
Cashew dua no yɛ kɛseɛ na ɛyɛ ahabammono, na ne tenten yɛ mita 14, na ne dua yɛ tiawa a ɛntaa nyɛ fɛ. 2] N'ahaban ahodoɔ no yɛ nkatabo, na ne ho te sɛ aboa nwoma, na ne tenten yɛ 4 - 22 cm (1+1⁄2 - 8+3⁄4 inches) na ne tɛtrɛtɛ yɛ 2 - 15 cm (3⁄4 -6 inches), na ano yɛ fɛfɛɛfɛ. Nhwiren no yɛ nketewa a ne tenten yɛ 26 cm (10 in); nhwiren no mu biara yɛ ketewa, ne ho yɛ ahabammono, na afei ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, na ne nhwiren no yɛ nketenkete num a ne tenten yɛ mmirimma 7 - 15 (1⁄4 - 5⁄8 in). Cashew dua a ɛso sene cashew biara wɔ wiase no trɛ bɛyɛ 7,500 m2 (81,000 sq ft), na ɛwɔ Natal a ɛwɔ Brazil man mu.
Cashew adua ba no yɛ aba a ɛboa (ɛno na ɛtɔ mmerɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no pseudocarp anaa atorɔ aba). Nea ɛte sɛ aduaba no yɛ biribi a ɛte sɛ akutuo anaa aburosiam, hypocarpium, a efiri aduaba no nhwiren no mu ba.Wɔfrɛ no cashew apple, na wɔtaa frɛ no marañón wɔ Central America, na ne kɔla ɛyɛ akokɔ sradeɛ anaa kɔkɔɔ a ne tenten bɛyɛ anamɔn num kɔsi du baako (5–11 cm (2–41⁄4 in).
Cashew dua no aba ankasa yɛ akuro anaa akuturuku a ɛte sɛ akuturuku a ɛso wɔ cashew apple no ano. Drupe a ɛdi kan nyini wɔ dua no so na afei ne nhini no trɛ ma no bɛyɛ cashew apple . Drupe no yɛ aba no ankasa, aba bi a ɛwɔ n'aboboano. Aba no atwa ho ahyia wɔ dua mu a ɛwɔ "phenolic resin" a ɛtumi ma obi nya nsanyareɛ mu "anacardic acid" a ɛtumi hyɛ honam ani so a ɛne urushiol oil a wonim no, a ɛwɔ poison ivy ne lacquer dua mu.
Nkyekyɛmu ne atenaeɛ.
Saa nnɔbaeɛ yi firi Brazil Atifi Apueɛ fam, na akyire yi Portuguese akwantufoɔ kyekyɛɛ no wɔ wiase nyinaa wɔ afe 1500 mu. Portugalfoɔ a wɔtenaa Brazil no firii aseɛ tɔn cashew nnua no wɔ afe 1550 no mu. [ 15] Portugalfoɔ fa de kɔɔ Goa a kane no na ɛyɛ Estado da Índia Portuguesa India wɔ 1560 ne 1565 ntam. Ɛfiri hɔ no, ɛtrɛ kɔɔ Asia Anaafoɔ-Apueɛ fam nyinaa na akyire koraa no na ɛtrɛ kɔɔ Afrika.
Ɔtwa(Cultivation).
Wɔdua cashew dua no wɔ "tropics" mu wɔ 25°N ne 25°S ntam, na ɛyɛ papa wɔ asase kesee a ɔhyew wɔ hɔ a nsuo tɔ kɛse, baabi a mango ne tamarind nnua nso wɔ hɔ. 17] Cashew dua no tenten yɛ (kɔpem 14 m) na ɛgye mfeɛ mmiɛnsa ansa na afiri aseɛ anyini, ne mfeɛ nnwɔtwe ansa na wobetumi afiri aseɛ atwa nnɔbaeɛ no.
Nnua a aba foforɔ te sɛ dwarf cashew na nnua no tenten yɛ mita 6, na ɛfiri aseɛ yɛ nnua wɔ afe a ɛdi kan no akyi, na afiri aseɛ aso wɔ mfeɛ mmiɛnsa akyi. Cashew dua no yɛ tɔn 0.25 wɔ hekta baako mu, na nea ɛyɛ soronko koraa ne sɛ, cashew a ɛyɛ nketewa no yɛ tɔn baako wɔ hekta baako mu. Wɔde nnua a wɔde yɛ adwuma nnɛ no yɛ nnua foforɔ.
Nkɔsoɔ(Production).
Wɔ afe 2021 mu no, wiase nyinaa nnɔbaeɛ a ɛyɛ cashew no (sɛso) yɛ tɔn ɔpepem 3.7 a Ivory Coast ne India na ɛdii anim, na wɔn nyinaa dodoɔ yɛ wiase nyinaa nnɔbaeɛ no mu 43%.
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Gongronema latifolium
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Gongronema yɛ afifideɛ ahodoɔ bi a wɔdii kan kaa ho asɛm sɛ ɛyɛ abusuakuo wɔ afe apem ahanwɔtwe aduanan nnan (1844) mu. Afifideɛ ahodoɔ no bi firir Afrika, na afoforɔ nso wɔ Asia Anafoɔ Fam ne Anafoɔ Apueeɛ Fam.
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Rourea coccinea
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Rourea coccinea yɛ efifideɛ bi a ɛwɔ deɛ brɔfo mu yɛ ka no 'Connaraceae' abusua mu. Saa efifideɛ wei wɔ trɔpiks ni sabtrɔpiks wɔ wiase mu bɛbia.
Ntsetsemu Ahodoɔ.
Nnua ahorow a wogye tom seesei no bi ne
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Ceiba pentandra
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Ceiba pentandra yɛ dua a ɛwɔ ɔhyew mu a ɛwɔ nhyehyɛe Malvales ne abusua Malvaceae (kan no na ɛwɔ abusua Bombacaceae mu), a ɛwɔ Mexico, Amerika Mfinimfini ne Caribbean, Amerika Kesee Fam atifi fam, ne (sɛ nea ɛyɛ C. pentandra var guineensis) Afrika Atɔɛ fam . Wɔde nea ɛyɛ ketewaa bi aba Asia Kesee Fam ne Kesee Fam Apueɛ, baabi a wodua no.
Dua no su a ɛte sɛ asaawa a wonya fi n’aba nhini mu no, wɔtaa frɛ no Borɔfo kasa mu sɛ kapok, edin a wonya firii Malay kasa mu a mfitiaseɛ no na ɛfa Bombax ceiba, a ɛyɛ Asia a ɛhɔ yɛ hyeɛ no kuromni ho. Wɔ aman a wɔka Spanish kasa mu no, wɔtaa frɛ dua no "ceiba" na wɔ aman a wɔka French kasa mu no sɛ fromager. Wɔdua dua no esiane ne aba nhama a ɛte sɛ asaawa nti, titire wɔ Asia kesee fam apueɛ, na wɔ sane frɛ no Java asaawa, Java kapok, sirikyi-asaawa anaa samauma.
Esu.
Dua no tenten nyini bɛyɛ anammɔn ahanu aduanan(240) (mita aduɔson mmiɛnsa(73)) sɛnea wɔsi so dua denam foro ne teyp a ɛtɔ a amanneɛbɔ ahoroɔ a ɛfa Kapokfoɔ tenten koduru mita aduɔson nson(77) (anammɔn ahanu aduonum mmienu(252)) ho. Saa nnua akɛseɛ paa yi wɔ Neotropics anaa Afrika a ɛhɔ yɛ hyeɛ. Asia Kusuu Fam Apuei C. pentandra no du anammɔn aduɔkono(90) (mita aduonu nson(27)) pɛ. Mpɛn pii no, nhini no kɛseɛ bɛtumi ayɛ mita mmiɛnsa(3) (anammɔn du(10)) wɔ nhini a ɛtrɛ a ɛwɔ akyire no atifi. Nanso, ankorankorɛ a wɔso paa no mu duru bɛtumi ayɛ mita num ne akyire nwɔtwe(5.8) (anammɔn du nkono(19)) anaa nea ɛboro saa wɔ akyigyina no atifi.
Wobɛtumi ahu nhini a ɛwɔ akyire no pefee wɔ mfonini ahoroɔ a ɛtrɛ kɔ soro mita du mmienu(12) kosi dunum(15) (anammɔn aduannan(40) kosi aduonum(50)) kɔ soro wɔ nhwɛsodeɛ ahoroɔ bi dua no so na ɛtrɛ firi dua no mu koduru mita adonu(20) (anammɔn aduosia nnum65) na afei ɛkɔ so wɔ fam kɔ ne nyinaa tenten yɛ mita aduonum(50) (anammɔn ɔha aduosia num165).
Mpɛn pii no, nsɔɛ akɛseɛ a ɛnyɛ den na ɛhyɛ dua no ne nkorabata akɛseɛ no pii mu ma. Saa nkorabata akɛseɛ yi a mpɛn pii no ne dodoɔ yɛ nnan(4) kosi nsia(6) no bɛtumi ayɛ mita baako ne akyire nwɔtwe(1.8) (anammɔn nsia(6)) na ɛyɛ nhaban abotire a ne tɛtrɛtɛ bɛyɛ mita aduosia baako(61) (anammɔn ahanu ne baako(201)). Nnua nhaban no yɛ nhaban nnum(5) kosi nkono(9), na emu biara tenten bɛyɛ sɛntimita aduonu(20) (nsateakwaa nwɔtwe(8)).
Nnua no ma nnua ɔhahan pii a ne kɛseɛ yɛ sɛntimita du nnum(15) (nsateakwaa nsia(6)) a aba a ɛwɔ nhama a ɛyɛ fi a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ lignin ne cellulose a wɔde afra atwa ho ahyia.
Amannebɔ ahoroɔ a wɔatwe adwene asi so no ma ɛda adi pefee sɛ C. pentandra ka nnua akɛseɛ a ɛwɔ wiase no ho.
Ne dwumadie.
Wɔdua dua a wɔde di dwa no kɛseɛ wɔ Asia kwaeɛ a osuo tɔ na awia bɔ kɛseɛ wo mu, titire wɔ Java (enti ɛyɛ ne din a wɔtaa frɛ no no mu baako), Philippines, Malaysia, ne Hainan Supɔ a ɛwɔ China, ne Amerika Kesee Fam nso.
Nwansena ne wɔn a wɔde nhwiren a ɛfefɛ anadwo no nya nsu mu nsu titire.
Mmusuakuo a wɔyɛ kuro mmafoɔ a wɔwɔ Amazon Asubɔnten no ho no twa nhama no de kyekyere wɔn atuo a wɔde bɔ agyan no ho. Nhama no yɛ nsɔano bi a ɛma nhyɛso no hyɛ agyan no ma ɛfa afidie no mu.
Fiber no mu yɛ hare, ɛyɛ den yie, ɛtumi gyina ano, ɛtumi gyina nsuo ano, nanso ɛtumi hye paa. Adeɛ a wɔde twa nhama no na wɔtete mu no gye adwumaden na ɛyɛ nea ɛba fam. Ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛkyinkyim no, nanso wɔde di dwuma sɛ ɔkwan foforɔ a wɔfa so si fam sɛ wɔde hyɛ mattress, pillows, upholsters, zafus, ne agodeɛ a wɔde nneɛma ahyɛ mu te sɛ teddy bears mu, ne nea wɔde yɛ anyinama ntumi mfa mu. Kane no na wɔde di dwuma kɛseɛ wɔ nkwagyeɛ ntadeɛ ne mfidie a ɛtete saa mu - kosii sɛ nneɛma a wɔde ayɛ nneɛma bɛsii nhama no ananmu kɛseɛ. Aba no ma wonya ngo bi a wɔde di dwuma wɔ mpɔtam hɔ wɔ samina mu na wobɛtumi de ayɛ aduannuru nso.
Amanneɛ kwan so nnuro a wɔde di dwuma.
Wɔde Ceiba pentandra nnua a wɔayam no yɛ aduro a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyeɛ, sɛ aduru a ɛma obi nya nna ho akɔnnɔ, na wɔde asa tipaeɛ, ne asikyire yadeɛ a ɛto so mmienu nso. Wɔde di dwuma sɛ ade a wɔde ka ho wɔ psychedelic anonneɛ Ayahuasca no nkyerɛaseɛ ahoroɔ bi mu.needed
Aba mu ngo.
Wobɛtumi amia ngo bi afiri aba no mu. Ngo no wɔ akokɔ seradeɛ su a ɛyɛ hwam na ɛyɛ dɛ, ɛyɛ mmerɛ, ɛte sɛ asaawa mu ngo. Ɛbɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ nwunu ntɛmntɛm bere a ɛda mframa mu no. Wɔyɛ kapok ngo wɔ India, Indonesia ne Malaysia. Ɛwɔ iodine bo a ɛyɛ aduonwɔtwe nnum kosi ɔha(85–100); eyi ma ɛyɛ ngo a ɛnyoɔ, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ sɛ ɛba mframa mu a, ɛnyo kɛse. Ngo no wɔ tumi bi sɛ biofuel ne paint ahosiesie mu.
Nyamesom ne anansesɛm.
Dua no yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne kronkron wɔ Mayafoɔ anansesɛm mu.
Ɛyɛ dua kronkron a ɛwɔ Palo, Arara ne Santería.
Sɛnea Trinidad ne Tobagofoɔ anansesɛm kyerɛ no, Ɔbonsam Abankɛseɛ no yɛ C. pentandra kɛseɛ bi a ɛnyini wɔ kwaɛ a duadwumfoɔ bi de Bazil owuo honhommɔne no too afiase no mu tɔnn. Duadwumfoɔ no daadaa ɔbonsam ma ɔwuraa dua a ɔsensenee adan nson wɔ mu no mu a baako wɔ baako so, guu dua no mu. Amannebɔ kyerɛ sɛ Bazil da so ara te saa dua no mu.
Wɔde C. pentandra nnua na ɛyɛ akatasoɔ dodoɔ no ara a ɛfiri Burkina Faso, titire Bobo ne Mossifoɔ deɛ.
Nsɛnkyerɛnedeɛ.
Ceiba pentandra yɛ ɔman agyinahyɛdeɛ a ɛwɔ Guatemala, Puerto Rico, ne Equatorial Guinea. Ɛda adi wɔ Equatorial Guinea ahyɛnsodeɛ ne frankaa so.
Na Asaawa Dua no yɛ ade titire wɔ Freetown kuro no mfinimfini, Sierra Leone, na wobu no sɛ ɛyɛ ahofadie ho nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ ma kan nkoa a wotu kɔɔ hɔ no. Dua a ne tenten yɛ mita aduɔson(70) no paee wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn fam no, na ɛhwee ase wɔ ahum mu wɔ Kotonimma bosome da ɛtɔ so aduonu nnan afe mpem mmienu ne aduonu mmiɛnsa(24 May 2023).
Saigon, edin dada bi a wɔde frɛ Ho Chi Minh Kuropɔn no mu baako, bɛtumi afiri Sài (Sino-Vietnamese "palisade" ne nea ɛkeka ho) ne Vietnamfoɔ din a wɔde frɛ Kapok dua (bông) gòn, ɛwom sɛ, wɔ saa asɛm yi mu no, dua a wɔabɔ wɔn tirim sɛ wɔbɛto din no bɛtumi ayɛ, ɛnyɛ Wiase Foforɔ Ceiba pentandra, na mmom Wiase Dadaa Bombax ceiba.
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Grace Banwaa Buoadu
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Grace Banwaa Buoadu a wɔwoo no wɔ Nkran, Ghana wɔ Ɔpɛpɔn bosome da a ɛtɔ so dunum wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne mmienu mu(2002) yɛ Ghana ɔbaabɔɔlbɔni a ɔka Ghana women's national football team kuo no ho, ne tenten yɛ 173cm. Ɔyɛ atenamgyinamfoɔ ma Hasaacas Ladies FC bɔɔlbɔ kuo a ɛwɔ Ghana na ɔkɔkaa kuo yi ho wɔ mfeɛ mpem aduonu ne dunkron(2019) mu. Wɔ mfeɛ mpem aduonu ne aduonu-mmienu(2022) mu no, na ɔka atenamgyinamfoɔ a wɔde wɔn kɔɔ U-20 women's world cup no ho.
Abasobɔdeɛ ne abɔdin.
Ɛwɔ RG World Goalkeeper Gloves akansie ma abosome Ahinime ne Obubuo mu wɔ mfeɛ mpem aduonu ne aduonu-mmiɛnsa ne mfeɛ mpem aduonu ne aduonu-nan(2023/2024) mu no, Grace Banwaa a wɔyii no kaa Mary Sosu a ofiri Army Ladies FC kuo mu, Nimatu Suhaib a ofiri Tamale Super Ladies FC kuo mu ne Grace Andoh a ɔno nso firi Soccer intellectuals FC kuo mu dii nkunim nyaa saa abasobɔdeɛ yi.
Wɔ 2022/2023 Malta Guinness women's premiere league, Grace na ɔdii nkunim nyaa Goalkeeper of the Season abasobɔdeɛ no.
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Antrocaryon micraster
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Antrocaryon micraster
Antrocaryon micraster yɛ flowering plant (nnua nhwerɛn) a ɛwɔ atea abusuaakuo mu,Anacardiacecae. N'ase firi tropical Africa, a ɔwɔ Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo no, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leon, ne Uganda. Ɛkyerɛ nsonsonoeɛ a ɛwɔ wuram canopy. Ɛso ma ɔtwa ne nnua
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Philomena Abakah
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Philomena Abakah (wɔwoo no Ɔpɛpɔn 1, 2002) yɛ Ghana bɔɔlbɔfoɔ a ɔyɛ adwumaden a ɔbɔ sɛ obi a ɔtoto ntena de ma Ghanaman mmaa bɔɔlbɔ kuo . Kane no na ɔbɔ bɔɔlo ma Berry Ladies ne Simba Queens.
Adwuma.
Abakah hyɛɛ ne bɔɔlbɔ adwuma ase wɔ Ghana baabi a ɔbɔɔ bɔɔlo maa Berry Ladies. Wɔ afe mpem mmienu ne aduonu mmienu (2022) mu no, ɔde ne ho wɔtɔn no kɔɔ Tanzania mmaa bɔɔlobɔkuo a wɔyɛ abrane a wɔfrɛ wɔn Simba Queens a ɔde ne nsa hyɛɛ nkrataa ase mfeɛ mmienu apam mu.
Ɔdii agorɔ maa Simba Queens na ɔboaa ekuo no maa wɔfatae sɛ wɔbɛsi akan wɔ afe mpem mmienu ne aduonu mmienu (2022) CAF Women’s Champions League mu berɛ a ɔdii kuo a wɔfrɛ no "She Corporate" a ɛfiri Uganda so nkonim 1–0 wɔ bɔɔlobɔ a akansie a ɛtwatoɔ mu wɔ Azam Complex wɔ Dar es Salaam. Nkonimdie no maa wɔbɛyɛɛ Central Africa Bɔɔlbɔ Fɛkuo (CECAFA) Zonal abodin no mu akansifoɔ.
Wɔ ne mfeɛ mmienu berɛ no baa awieeɛ no, ɔde ne ho kɔbɔɔ Ghana bɔɔlobɔ kuo, Ampem Darkoa Ladies na ɔde ne ho hyɛɛ Women’s Premier Super Cup a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ Kyebi no mu.
Na Abakah ka Black Queens kuo a wɔbɔɔ wɔn ho mmɔden dii nkunim sɛ wɔbɛfata akɔ afe mpem mmienu ne aduonu nan (2024) mu Women’s Africa Cup of Nations a ɛbɛkɔ so wɔ Morocco no ho . Wɔtoo nsa frɛɛ no akyire kɔɔ Black Queens ansa na wɔn ne mmaa bɔɔlobɔkuo yɛfrɛ wɔn "Les Guépard femelle" a wɔwɔ Benin man no mu.
Abakah dii kan yii ne ho adi maa Black Queens wɔ afe mpem mmienu ne aduonu nan (2024) CAF Women’s Olympic qualifying tournament a etwa toɔ a wɔne Zambia dii wɔ Ndola a obiara hyɛɛ ne yɔnko ɛka mmiensa (3–3), nanso wɔantumi ankɔ wɔn Olympic akansie a edi kan koraa no mu esiane nkontaa a etwa toɔ a wɔaka abom nti 4–3 de maa Zambia mmaa bɔɔlobɔkuo no kɔɔ wɔn anim .
Ankorankorɛ asetena.
Wɔ Ɔpɛnimaa bosome no da a ɛtɔ so aduonu num wɔ afe mpem mmienu ne aduonu mmiensa (2023) mu no, ɔde akyɛdeɛ ahodoɔ kɔmaa Human Service Trust nwiseaa ne akunafoɔ fie wɔ Cape Coast. Nnoɔma ahodoɔ no bi ne anonneɛ a ɛyɛ dɛ, nsuo, adwareeɛ nnoɔma ne nnuane ahodoɔ.
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Cassia sieberiana
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Cassia sieberiana, sankuo dua no yɛ dua bi a ɛwɔ abusua Fabaceae mu a ɛwɔ Afrika. Ne sorokɔ firi mita du de kɔsi aduonu (10-20) na ne nhwiren no akokɔ-sradeɛ a ɛhyerɛn yie. Wɔde yɛ nnuru pii wɔ Afrika na wɔhunu wɔ kwaeɛ bi ɛnyɛ kwaeɛ bretuo mu pii mu.
Nkyerɛmu.
Saa mmoa yi ankorankorɛ no tenten firi mita 10-20. Nnua no ano yɛ nso kɔla kɔsi tuntum. Nnua no ho apɔ apɔ no yɛ deɛ ɛkɔ soro na ne kɔla yɛ kɔkɔɔ. Wɔahyehyɛ ahaban no wɔ ahaban a ahaban a ɛne ne ho bɔ abira 7-10 wɔ mu. Ahaban no atifi fa no hyerɛn kakra berɛ a ase no wɔ nhini a ɛyɛ fɛ yie a ɛwɔ afa afa mmienu na ahaban no gu.
Saa afifideɛ yi wɔ nhwiren ne aba nyinaa bi. Nhwiren no yɛ akokɔ-sradeɛ a ɛhyerɛn yie wɔ ɔpɛ bere mu, a ɛfiri Ɔgyefoɔ bosome mu de kɔsi Ɔbenem bosome mu. Wɔahyehyɛ nhwiren no gyina hɔ tee anaasɛ ɛwɔ nhini a ɛsensɛn hɔ a ne tenten firi sɛntimita 30 de kɔsi 50. Sepals nnum na ɛwɔ bracts 5. Nhwiren no tenten yɛ 15–20 cm berɛ a nhwiren a ɛyɛ ahabammono no tenten yɛ 6-7mm. Sɛ wɔka ne nyinaa bom a, stamens 10 na ɛwɔ hɔ. Nnuaba no kɔla fi bruu tuntum kɔsi tuntum. Aba no ntumi nsɛe ɛfirisɛ ɛtra dua no ho berɛ tenten. Ɛbɔ kɔsi Ɔgyefoɔ ne berɛ a aduaba no nyini.
Wɔtoo dua no din "sindia" wɔ Wolof kasa mu, ne sinjan wɔ Bambara kasa mu, a dea ɛkyerɛ ankasa ne "nufuo tenten," a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea aba no ntini teɛ.
Nkyekyɛmu ne baabi a wɔteɛ.
"Cassia sieberiana" wɔhunu no wɔ Afrika mmeaeɛ pii a Sahel anafoɔ fam fa ka ho, Senegal, Sudan, ne Uganda. Wɔhunu no wɔ Afrika Apueiɛ fam nso.
"Cassia sieberiana" nyini yie wɔ asase a nsuo fa mu yie na ɛyɛ nwini a nsuo tɔ bɛyɛ nsateakwaa 20 afe biara. Ɛtaa nyini sɛ dua wɔ mmeaeɛ a ɛhɔ yɛ kusuu yie. Saa nnua yi nyini wɔ afifideɛ afoforɔ akuoakuo mu.
Ne dwumadie.
Aduane.
Wɔ Nigeria no, wɔde nsuo a ɛyɛ dɛ a wɔayi afi ne nnutan no mu no yɛ aduane. Wobɛtumi de afifideɛ no fa a ɛyɛ nhini-nnua nso ayɛ nnua a wɔwe.
Ne dwumadie ahodoɔ.
"Cassia sieberiana" wɔde yɛ nnwinnadeɛ, wɔma, wɔduru, na wɔde si adan nso ɛfirisɛ ɛyɛ dua a ɛyɛ den yie a mfɔteɛ ntumi nkɔ mu. Dea ɛka ho no, ɛyɛ dua a wɔde siesie fie nso esiane ne nhwiren a ɛhyerɛn nti. Amammerɛ ahodoɔ bi nso de afifideɛ no ka wɔn som ho ne gyidihunu ne nkonyaayi atirimpɔ ahodoɔ nti.
Wɔde afifideɛ no afa hodoɔ nso adi dwuma firi tete sɛ nkorabata a wɔde te ɛse ho.
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Dissotis rotundifolia
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Heterotis rotundifolia, a wɔtaa frɛ no pink lady, Spanish Shawl, anaa rockrose, yɛ dua bia ɛwɔ abusua Melastomataceae mu a ɛwɔ Afrika mmeaeɛ a nsuo tɔ na awia bɔ kɛseɛ.
Nkyerɛmu.
"Heterotis rotundifolia" tumi nyini wɔ akwan hodoɔ so,
ɛfiri tee kɔ soro na ɛgyina hɔ kɔsi nea ɛda fam na ɛda aya aya so kɔsi nea ɛda fam, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nkorabata no da fam nanso ɛdane kɔ soro wɔ n’awieiɛ. Sɛ nnutan no di akyi a, ɛgye nhini wɔ baabi a ahaban no ne dua no di hyia mu, a wɔfrɛ no "node". Nnutan no yɛ nnua wɔ afifideɛ no ase na ɛbɛyɛ nwi, a ɛkyerɛ nwi, kɔ afifideɛ no soro. Nkorabata no taa trɛ, na ne kɔla firi pinki de kɔsi kɔkɔɔ tuntum so.
Ahaban no yɛ kurukuruwa na ɛwɔ mpampam mmiɛnsa, a tenten yɛ sɛntimita 1–3 (0.39–1.18 in) na ne tɛtrɛtɛ yɛ mm 6–15 (0.24–0.59 in). Wɔde nwi ntiantiaa a wɔahyɛ no den akata wɔn afa mmienu no nyinaa so. Dua no ahaban tenten te sɛ sɛntimita 1.5 (0.59 in), pilose, ne pinki.
"Heterotis rotundifolia" nhwiren no nko ara na ɛwɔ hɔ, na nhwiren nketenkete a wɔahyɛ no den akata nhwiren no mman ho te sɛ ahaban no so. Nhwiren no nhwiren no tenten yɛ sɛntimita 1.5–2 (0.59–0.79 in) na ne kɔla firi pinki kɔsi kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ apa so.
Ne dwumadie.
Wɔde "Heterotis rotundifolia" ahaban yɛ nnuhuam a wɔde yɛ abom ne sɛ nhaban-nnuane. Wɔ Liberia no, wɔde afifideɛ no di dwuma sɛ aduru a wɔde twe nsuo firi nipadua mu.
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Tetracera affinis
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Tetracera yɛ afifideɛ a ɛso nhwiren a ɛwɔ Dilleniaceae abusua mu a ɛwɔ mmeaeɛ a nsuo tɔ na
awia bɔ kɛseɛ. Nkyekyɛmu ahodoɔ pii yɛ lianas.
Nkyekyɛmu ahodoɔ.
Plants of the World Online a mprempren ɛka ho:
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Piptadeniastrum africanum
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Piptadeniastrum africanum ɛyɛ dua tenten a ɛwɔ atokoɔ abusua, Fabaceae mu. Ɛfiri Afrika
Sahara anafoɔ fam mmeaeɛ a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini, de firi Senegal kɔsi Sudan ne Angola. Ɛno nko ara ne dua a ɛwɔ Piptadeniastrum abusua mu. Wɔsan frɛ no "Piptadenia africana", na wɔde edin Dabema anaa Dahoma di ne nnua ho dwa. Ɛtaa ba kwaeɛ a nsu pa wom a ɛyɛ atɛkyɛ mu nanso wobɛtumi ahunu wɔ atifi fam akyirikyiri nso.
Nkyerɛmu.
"Piptadeniastrum africanum" ɛyɛ dua a ne kɛseɛ yɛ mfimfini kɔsi kɛseɛ a ɛtumi nyini kɔduru mita 50, a kyerɛtohɔ no yɛ 199'1" (mita 60.68) na ne ntwemu kɛseɛ a ne tɛtrɛ mu yɛ 14' 9" (mita 4.5) wɔ Ghana | ɛwɔ nkorabata a ɛtrɛ. Ne dua no yɛ tee na ɛyɛ kurukuruwa berɛ a dua no aseɛ wɔ nhini a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛyɛ den a ɛtumi kɔ soro mita 5 anaa dea ɛboro saa na ɛtrɛ fa fam no, ne dua yɛ fitaa kɔsi bruu wɔ kɔla mu nanso ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ wɔ aseɛ. Ahaban no danedane, ɛyɛ mmienu a ɛyɛ afrafra wɔ nhyehyɛeɛ mu a pinnae bɛyɛ 10 - 20 ne nhaban bɛyɛ 30 - 58 wɔ pinnae biara mu. Ahaban, a ɛnyɛ den na ɛyɛ nketewa, ne tenten yɛ sɛntimita 0.3 x 1 na ne tɛtrɛtɛ yɛ mm 0.8 x 1.25, ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛhyerɛn wɔ soro na ɛyɛ mmerɛ wɔ aseɛ. Nhwiren yɛ kɔkɔɔ kɔsi fitaa na nnuaba yɛ nnua a ɛyɛ bruu.
Nkyekyɛmu.
Wɔ abɔdeɛ mu wɔhunu no wɔ Guineo-Congo kwaeɛ a ɛyɛ nwini a ɛwɔ Afrika Atɔeɛ ne Mfinimfini firi Senegal kɔsi Sudan na ɛkɔ anafoɔ fam kɔ Angola atifi fam. Wɔfrɛ no wɔ mpɔtam hɔ sɛ Dabema wɔ Ivory Coast na wɔfrɛ no Dahoma wɔ Ghana.
Kɛmistri (Chemistry).
Methanol ne nsuo a wɔayi afiri dua no nnua mu no sɔɔ hwɛe sɛ flavonoids, phenols, tannins ne saponins wɔ mu anaa. Nea ɛka ne nnuru no ho ne dihydroxy-trimethoxy(iso)flavone isomers ahodoɔ, apigenin, chrysoeriol, eriodictyol, luteolin, ne liquiritigenin.
Ne Dwumadie.
Nnuru a ɛwɔ "Piptadeniastrum africanum" mu no ama nhwehwɛmufoɔ ani agye ho titire esiane amanehunu ahodoɔ pii a wɔde afifideɛ mu nnoɔma di dwuma de sa nyare wɔ tete kwan so nnuruyɛ mu nti. Wɔde saa dua yi mu nsuo di dwuma de sa yafunu mu akuru, Bakafoɔ a wɔwɔ Cameroon de dua yi abono a wɔde ahyɛ nsuo mu nsuo de sa yafunu mu yaw. Berɛ a ayaresafoɔ binom de nhaban a wɔayam di dwuma sɛ aduru a ɛma obi nya ahoɔden anaasɛ aduru a ɛma obi nya nna ho akɔnnɔ. Wɔ Congo ne Ghana no, wɔde di dwuma wɔ kurom hɔ nnuruyɛ mu sɛ aduru a wɔde sa akyi yaw ne nna mu akisikuru.
Wɔbu ne nnua no sɛ ɛsom bo sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ ahyɛmma a wɔyɛ ne po so ne twene a wɔsisi mu.
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Dracaena arborea
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Dracaena arborea dua dracaena, yɛ nhwiren bi a ɛwɔ abusua Asparagaceae mu, ɛwɔ Afrika atɔe fam ne atɔe fam mfinimfini a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew a ɛyɛ nsuo. Wɔde di dwuma sɛ mmɔnten so dua wɔ Afrika ne Brazil nkurow dodow bi mu.
Nkyerɛmu.
Dua a ne kɛseɛ yɛ mfinimfini a ne sorokɔ taa yɛ mita aduonu(20), ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛkɔ soro kodu mita aduasa(30), ne tɛtrɛtɛ yɛ sɛntimita aduasa(30), ne dua no taa yɛ akokɔ saadeɛ su bere a ɛyɛ ketewa nanso ɛyɛ fitaa bere a anyini no. Mpɛn pii no, n'haban tenten boro sɛntimita aduanan(40), ɛtɔ mmerɛ bi a ɛkɔ soro koduru sɛntimita ɔha aduonum(150), na ne tɛtrɛtɛ taa boro sɛntimita nnan(4) a ne tɛtrɛtɛ kodu sɛntimita du(10); n'haban no yɛ ntiantiaa a ɛyɛ oblanceolate wɔ ne nhyehyeɛ mu. Nhwiren a wɔahyehyɛ no sɛ nsensan a ɛsensɛn hɔ, nhwiren no ayɛ akuakuo a emufoɔ yɛ mmiɛnsa(3) kosi nnum(5) wo ne nkorabata awieɛ.
Ne dwumadie.
Wɔtaa dua Dracaena arborea de twa asieɛ ho hyia de kyerɛ ahyeɛ wɔ Cameroon ne Burundi mmeae bi na wodua nso de yɛ adwadeɛ. Wɔde aduruo a wɔnya afiri ne nhini mu nsuo a wɔde afra bobesa mu di dwuma de ma mmarima nna mu dwumadi tu mpɔn wɔ Cameroon mmeae bi.
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Musa paradisiaca
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Musa paradisiaca yɛ Kwadu a ɛyɛ mmiɛnsa, ɛka Cavendish kwadu kuo ketewa no ho, ɛfiri ase sɛ Musa acuminata ne Musa balbisiana a wɔde afrafra, a onipa duaa no ntɛm paa ara. Kwadu ne borɔdeɛ dodoɔ no ara a wɔdua no yɛ saa afrafra yi ahoroɔ. Mfitiase no, Linnaeus de edin M. paradisiaca dii dwuma maa borɔdeɛ anaa kwadu a wɔnoa nko ara, nanso nnɛyi dwumadie no bi ne nnɔbaeɛ a wɔde afrafra a wɔde noa aduane ne kwadu a wɔde yɛ aduane a ɛyɛ dɛ nyinaa. Enti din a Linnaeus de frɛɛ kwadu a wɔde yɛ aduane a ɛyɛ dɛ, Musa sapientum, yɛ asɛmfua a ɛne Musa paradisiaca yɛ ade koro.
Abɔseɛ.
Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ borɔdeɛ a wɔdua ne kwadu pii a wɔdua no yɛ nnɔbaɛ a wɔde afrafra a ɛda wuram mmoa ahorow mmienu, M. acuminata ne M. balbisiana ntam. Wogye di sɛ Asia Kesee Fam Apueɛ akuafoɔ dii kan yɛɛ M. acuminata wɔ fie. Berɛ a afifideɛ a wɔyɛɛ no trɛ kɔɔ atifi fam atɔɛ kɔɔ mmeaɛ a M.balbisiana yɛ kurom hɔfo (hwɛ asase mfonini) no, afrafra ahoroɔ bae wɔ ahoroɔ mienu no ntam na afei wɔkɔɔ so yɛɛ no ahoroɔ pii.
Wonim nnɔbaeɛ ahoroɔ ɔhaha pii a ɛyɛ ahoroɔ mmienu, na wɔwɔ su ahorow a ɛsakra kɛseɛ, nanso wɔtrɛ mu wɔ nananom ahoroɔ no ntam. Wɔtenten taa yɛ mita mmienu kosi nkron(2–9) (anammɔn nson kosi aduasa(7–30)) bere a wɔanyinyini no. Afifideɛ no fa a ɛwɔ fam no yɛ "atoro dua" anaa pseudostem, a nhaban ne ne nnyinaso a wɔafrafra na ɛwom. Pseudostem biara tumi ma nhwiren dua baako. Sɛ ɛso aba wie a, pseudostem no wu, nanso nkorabata bɛtumi ɛfiri afifideɛ no ase. Mpɛn pii no, kwadu ahoroɔ no yɛ nea wontumi nsɛe no, enni aba anaasɛ nsuo mu su a ɛyɛ mmerɛ a ɛbɛtumi atra ase.
Nkyekyemu a wode di dwuma.
Nsɛm titire: Kwadu – Taxonomy ne Kwadu ahoroɔ a wɔahyehyɛ – Nkyekyɛmu
Mfitiase no, Linnaeus kyekyɛɛ kwadu afifideɛ mu yɛɛ no ahoroɔ mmienu, na ɔfrɛɛ no Musa paradisiaca maa nea wɔde di dwuma sɛ kwadu a wɔnoa (borɔdeɛ), ne M. sapientum maa nea wɔde di dwuma sɛ kwadu a wɔde yɛ aduane a ɛyɛ dɛ. Akyire yi wohunuu sɛ ne "su ahoroɔ" mmienu no nyinaa yɛ ahoroɔ a wɔadua no ankasa a ɛyɛ afrafra a ɛda wuram mmoa ahoroɔ mmienu, M. acuminata ne M. balbisiana, a mprempren wɔfrɛ no M. paradisiaca L. Enti nnɛ yi taxon M. paradisiaca no atwa ho ahyia no ka mfitiase M. paradisiaca ne M. sapientum nyinaa ho, na wɔate nea ɛtwa toɔ no so ma ayɛ M. paradisiaca asɛmfua korɔ.
Wɔ ansa na Linnean reba no, wɔtoo kwadu yi din ‘Mufa serapionis’, sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, Maria Sybilla Merian na ɔkyerɛee wɔ ne nhoma, Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium mu wɔ afe apem dunson ne nnum(1705) mu.
Berɛ bi, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔadi kwadu ne borɔdeɛ a wɔadua no ahoroɔ pii ho dwuma no, afifideɛ ho animdefoɔ bɔɔ din afoforɔ pii a mprempren wobu no sɛ ɛyɛ M. paradisiaca nsɛmfua korɔ, te sɛ M. corniculata Lour., a wɔde di dwuma ma borɔdeɛ kuo bi a nnuaba akɛseɛ a ɛte sɛ nantwinini mmɛn. Mprempren wɔde nnua ahoroɔ a wɔayɛ no dua no din a wɔde yɛ nnɔbae, na wɔkyekyɛ ahoroɔ no mu akuo ne akuo nketewa. Enti M. paradisiaca yɛ dua bi a ɛka AAB genome kuo, Borɔdeɛ kuo ketewa no ho. Hwɛ kwadu ahoroɔ a wɔahyehyɛ no na woanya nsɛm pii afa kwadu ahoroɔ no din ne nkyekyɛmu ho.
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Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides
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Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, a wɔsane nso frɛ no Senegal prickly-ash anaa artar nhini, yɛ afifideɛ bi a ɛwɔ Zanthoxylum abuua mu.
Afifideɛ no kura isomeric divanilloylquinic acid (3,4-O-divanilloylquinic acid anaa burkinabin A, 3,5-O-divanilloylquinic acid anaa burkinabin B ne 4,5-O-divanilloylquinic acid anaa burkinabin C). Burkinabin C, tannin bi a nsuo tumi fa mu no, wobɛtumi ahunu wɔ F. "zanthoxyloides" nhini mu. Fagaronine, benzophenanthridine alkaloid nso wɔ mu.
Nhwehwɛmu bi a Williams, Soelberg ne Jäger (2016) yɛ yɛ no kyerɛɛ sɛ sene ethanolic extracts a ɛfiri Z. Zanthoxyloides mu wɔ in vitro anthelmintic ahoɔden a ɛtia nematode Ascaris suum, mprako mmoawa a wɔne nnipa mmoawa A. lumbricoides wɔ abusuabɔ kɛseɛ. Nsuo a ɛtu mpɔn a ɛkyɛn so fa (EC50) no yɛ 94 μg/mL ne 132 μg/mL, ma nhini ne nhini akyi sɛdeɛ ɛsɛ biara. Nhoma akyerɛwfo no de baa awiei sɛ nea afi mu aba yi hyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo a wɔbɛyɛ wɔ afifide yi a wɔde bɛ di dwuma sɛ ayaresa a wɔde boa ascariasis ho nkuran.
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Triplochiton scleroxylon
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Triplochiton scleroxylon yɛ dua a ɛfiri "Triplochiton" abusua mu a ɛwɔ Malvaceae abusua mu. Wɔde din a wɔtaa de frɛ nnua no Afrika nnua fitaa, abachi, obeche (wɔ Nigeria), wawa (wɔ Ghana), ayous (wɔ Cameroon) ne sambawawa (wɔ Ivory Coast). Dua no yɛ ɔman dua a ɛyɛ aban dua a ɛwɔ Ekiti Mantam mu, Nigeria.
Nkyerɛmu.
Wɔakyekyɛ saan su ahodoɔ yi wɔ mmeaeɛ a nsuo tɔ na awia bɔ kɛseɛ wɔ Afrika Atɔeɛ fam ne Afrika Mfinimfini fam.
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Afromomum Melegueta
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Grains of Paradise (Afromomum Melegueta) yɛ aduaba bi a ɛka akekaduro abusua ho, Zingiberaceae ɛna afei nso Cardamom ho. Wɔde n'aba no yɛ nnuhwam (woanyam anaa ne nyinaa); ɛma ɛyɛ dɛ na afei nso ɛyɛ ya, na ankaa kakra nso wɔ mu. Wɔsan frɛ no Melegueta Pepper, Guinea grains, Ossame, ɛna Fɔm wisa, na wɔtaa de frɛ Aligator pepper. Saa nsɛmfua yi African Pepper ne Guinea Pepper di dwuma nanso ɛmu nnahɔ ɛsiane sɛ ɛbɛtumi afa nnuhwam afoforɔ bi te sɛ grains of Selim ("Xylopedia Aethiopica").
Ɛka Afrika atɔeɛ na ɛtc mmerɛ bi nso a wɔfrɛ no Pepper Coast anaasɛ Grain Coast ɛsiane saa agudeɛ yi nti. Ɛsiane nso yɛ nnɔbaeɛ a wɔnya sika firi mu pa ara wɔ Basketo mantam mu wɔ Ethiopia anaafoɔ fa mu.
Su ahodoɔ.
Aframomum Melegueta yɛ herbaceous perennial plant a ɛfifiri wɔ mu wɔ Afrika atɔeɛ fa mu. Ɛte sɛ torobɛnto, n'ahaban kɔkɔɔ no tenten no nyini bɛyɛ sɛntimita 5–7, a aba nketewa pii a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ wɔ mu.
Aba no dɛ no ne yaw no firi ketones a ɛyɛ hwam, ɛbi ne (6)-paradol (edin a woahyehyɛ: 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-decan-3-one). Ngo a ɛho hia, ɛna ɛyɛ nnoɔma titire a ɛwɔ cardamom. mu.
Ɛtɔ mmerɛ bi a ne dua no tumi yɛ tia, ɛna mpɛn pii nso ɛdan ekuro ne nhaban a atete agu ho asɛnkyerɛne adi. Ahaban no yɛ nteantea na ɛte sɛ bamboo, ɛna ntini a ahyehyɛ fɛfɛɛfɛ nso wɔ ho. N'ahaban no yɛ hwam pa ara, n'ahaban no ano ahosuo no te sɛ
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Palisota hirsuta
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Palisota hirsuta edin foforɔ wɔde frɛ Palisota hirsuta ne Palisota maclaudii, na afei Dracena hirsuta ɛnyini fɛfɛɛfɛ sɛ dua a wɔtumi de siesie beaeɛ bi. Ɛwɔ aduroyɛ mu no, wɔde dua no ahaban ne duamu no ankasa di dwuma sɛ aduro a ɛkanyam mpa so agoroɔ. Ɛsane nso tumi sa yadeɛ bi te sɛ, mmoawa ne babaso.
Ne dwumadie.
Wɔ Ghana ne Abibrem Atɔeɛ aman ahodoɔ bi so no, wɔde Palisota hirsuta nhini no sa yadeɛ bi te sɛ ayamtuo ne nweweɛ. Wɔsane nso de yɛ awoɔ aduro. Nhwehwɛmu a mprempren yi wɔreyɛ afa Palisota hitsuta ho no botaeɛ ne sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ anti-nociceptive nsunsuansoɔ a hydroethanolic nsuo a ɛwɔ ne nhini no mu no wɔ. Nkura na na wɔde wɔn yɛ saa nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa Palisota hirsuta mu nso ho no. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔreyɛ no seesei no nsunsuansoɔ si no pi sɛ P. hirsuta nhini mu nso no wɔ famakɔlɔgyi nneɛma bi a antinociceptive wɔ mu. Na ɛno da no adi pefee sɛ Palisota hirsuta yɛ nnipadua mu adwuma.
Wɔde nsuo a ɛwɔ ne n'ahaban no mu ne dua no ankasa mu no sa oedema awodeɛ mu yadeɛ (urethral discharge).
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Pleiocarpa pycnantha
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Pleiocarpa pycnantha yɛ afifideɛ a ɛwɔ abusua Apocynaceae mu.
Nkyerɛkyeremu.
Pleiocarpa pycnantha nyini sɛ dua. Ne nhwiren a ɛyɛ hwam no wɔ corolla fitaa kosi kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ krim. Aduaba no yɛ kɔkɔɔ a ntini mmienu mmienu na ɛwɔ mu, na emu biara tenten bɛyɛ sɛntimita mmienu(2) (nsateakwaa baako(1)).
Nkyekyemu ne baabi a wɔteɛ.
Pleiocarpa pycnantha yɛ Afrika beaɛ bi a ɛfiri Sudan anafoɔ kɔsi Mozambique ne Afrika Atɔɛ fam mmeaɛ bi. Ne tenabea yɛ kwaeɛ a ɛyɛ ahabanmono daa firi po so kosi mita apem ne ɔha(1,100) (anammɔn mpem mmiɛnsa ahansia(3,600)) a ɛkorɔn.
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Secamone afzelii
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Secamone Afzelii yɛ dua bi a ɛtumi foro soro na n'ahoma no tenten tumi duru mita dummienu Wɔtwa deyɛ ahaban nnuro.
Awuduro a ɛwɔ mu.
Ɛwom sɛ yɛtumi di kɔ yɛn mu de sa yadeɛ deɛ, nanso nhwehwɛmu akyerɛ sɛ awuduro kakra wɔ mu.Sɛ n'ahaban mu nsuo no kɔ obi mu a, ɛtumi ma ɔfefe. Mpo ɛtumi de owuo ba.
Nnuanennuro a ɛwɔ mu.
Latex wɔ dua no ho nwononwono no mu pa ara. Wɔ abibiduro yɛ mu no, wɔtumi de sa honam ani yadeɛ. Wɔtumi nso di kɔ wɔn mu de sa yareɛ. Mmom nhwhwɛmufoɔ tu fo sɛ, sɛ wɔredi akɔ wɔn mu a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ahwɛyie esiane awuduro a ɛwɔ mu no nti. Wɔakyerɛ sɛ ɛtumi ma de afefeafefeɛ ba. Mpo ɛtumi ma obi wu. Post-mortem bi a wɔyɛɛ no mmerɛ bi no kyerɛ sɛ ɛde yafunu mu hyehyeɛ ( gastric nflammation) ba.
Phytochemical nhwehwɛmu a wɔayɛ afa n'ahaban mu nsuo ho no akyerɛ sɛ, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins wɔ mu pa ara, na triterpenoid friedelin no deɛ, kakra bi na wɔnya wɔ n'ahaban mu nsuo no mu.
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Cucumis Melo
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Cucumis melo, a wɔsan frɛ no melon,yɛ aduaba bi a wɔayɛ no ahodoɔ pii a wɔdua. Aduaba no yɛ pepo. N'aduane no yɛ dɛ na ɛyɛ mmrɛ nso, ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛyɛ musky anaasɛ ɛnni mu, na ne ho no betumi ayɛ torotoro (te sɛ ɛwoɔ, nea ɛwɔ mpampam (te sɛ European cantaloupe), ɛyɛ nwi (te sɛ casaba melon), anaasɛ ɛyɛ asau (te sɛ muskmelon) . . Wɔ Amerika Atifi fam no, wɔtaa frɛ saa aduaba yi muskmelon, a musky netted-rind ahodoɔ ne deɛ ɛyɛ huam a ɛyɛ mmrɛ ka ho,[4 na cantaloupe taa kyerɛ kan no. Nanso, muskmelon wɔ ntease ketewaa mu no kyerɛ musky netted-rind type nkutoo, a wɔsan frɛ no North American cantaloupe, bere a cantaloupe ankasa no yɛ Europafo a ɛwɔ ribbed na ɛtaa yɛ warty rind a wɔntaa nnyin wɔ Amerika Atifi fam.
Faako a melon yi firi baeɛ deɛ obiara nnim. Nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ n'aba ne ntini ka nnoɔma a wɔde di dwa tete no Wiase no akwan a akwantufo fa so no ho. Afifide ho animdefo binom bu melon sɛ ɛyɛ Levant ne Egypt kuromfo, bere a afoforo nso de wɔn mfiase fi Iran,India anaa Asia Mfinimfini.[8 Ebinom nso foa Afrika mfiase so, na nnɛyi mmere yi mu no, wotumi hu wuram akutu wɔ Afrika aman bi mu.
Abakɔsɛm.
Akyinnyegye wɔ nhomanimfo mu sɛ ebia abattiach a ɛwɔ Numeri Nhoma 11:5 no kyerɛ akutu anaasɛ akutu.Na wonim melon ahorow abien no nyinaa wɔ Tete Misraim ne mmeae afoforo a wɔte hɔ. Afifide ho animdefo binom bu melon sɛ ɛyɛ Levant ne Egypt kuromfo, bere a afoforo de ne mfiase to Persia,[18 India anaa Asia Mfinimfini fam, enti wontumi nsi ne mfiase. Nhwehwɛmufo ada no adi sɛ na aba ne ntini ka nneɛma a wɔtɔn wɔ Tete Wiase no akwan a wɔfa so fa akwantufo so no ho.Nyansahufoɔ dodoɔ bi foa Afrika mfitiaseɛ so, na nnɛyi mmerɛ mu no, wɔda so ara tumi hu wuram akraman wɔ Afrika aman dodoɔ bi mu wɔ Afrika Apueeɛ te sɛ Ethiopia, Somalia ne Tanzania.[9
Wɔde melon yɛɛ afieboa wɔ Asia Atɔe fam na bere kɔɔ so no, nnɔbae pii nyaa nkɔso a egu ahorow wɔ ne nsusuwii ne ne dɛ mu. Iran, India, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan ne China bɛyɛ mmeae a wɔyɛ melon.Na wɔwe melon wɔ Tete Hela ne Roma.[19
Awosuo mu nnoɔma.
Melon yɛ afifide a ɛyɛ monoecious. Wɔn ne nsuo a wɔfrɛ no akutu, kukuruku, akutu, anaa squash ntwa, nanso ahodoɔ a ɛwɔ mmoa ahodoɔ no mu no taa di nkitaho.Wɔdii kan hyehyɛɛ Cucumis melo genome no nnidiso nnidiso wɔ afe 2012 mu.[12 Nhoma akyerɛwfo binom bu C. melo sɛ ɛwɔ mmoa nketewa abien, C. melo agrestis ne C. melo melo. Nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ saa mmoa nketewa yi mu no gu akuw a wɔn awosu ne wɔn su horow a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma te sɛ nyarewa a wɔko tia, sɛnea wɔn honam ani hwɛbea te, nam kɔla, ne nnuaba nsusuwii hyia kɛse. Nsonsonoe anaa landraces (a mfiase no na wɔkyekyɛ emu bi mu sɛ mmoa ahorow; hwɛ nsɛmfua a ɛne ne ho di nsɛ a wɔahyehyɛ wɔ nifa so) no bi ne C. melo var. acidulus (Mangalore akutu), adana, agrestis (wuram akutu), ameri (awɔw bere mu akutu), cantalupensis (akutu), reticulatus (akutu), chandalak, chate, chito, conomon (Apuei fam akutu a wɔde yɛ aduru), dudaim (kotoku mu akutu), flexuosus (ɔwɔ a wɔfrɛ no melon), inodorus (awɔw bere mu akutu), momordica (snap melon), tibish, chinensis ne makuwa (Apuei fam akutu).
Ɛnyɛ ahorow nyinaa na ɛyɛ melon a ɛyɛ dɛ. Ɔwɔ akutu a wɔsan frɛ no Armenia kukuruku ne Ɔwɔ kukuruku yɛ akutu a ɛnyɛ dɛ a wohu wɔ Asia nyinaa fi Turkey kosi Japan.Ɛte sɛ kukuruku wɔ dɛ ne ne hwɛbea.[14 Wɔ Asia akyi no, wɔdua ɔwɔ akutu wɔ United States, Italy, Sudan ne Afrika Atifi fam mmeae bi, a Egypt ka ho.Ɔwɔ melon yɛ nea nkurɔfo ani gye ho kɛse wɔ Arab aman mu.[14
Ahorow afoforo a wodua wɔ Afrika no yɛ nwononwono, wɔyɛ no ma wɔn aba a wotumi di.
Wɔ ahorow a wodua wɔ aguadi mu no, wɔpɛ nneɛma bi te sɛ asau a ɛyɛ den a ɛbɔ ho ban ne nam a ɛyɛ den de yɛ po so hyɛn ne ahwehwɛde afoforo a ɛwɔ aguadi gua ahorow mu.
Nnuanennuro.
Wɔ gram 100 biara a wɔde ma mu no, cantaloupe melon ma calories 34 na ɛyɛ vitamin A (68% DV) ne vitamin C (61% DV) nyinaa fibea a ɛdɔɔso (wɔkyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no da biara da bo 20%, anaa DV). Aduannuru afoforo wɔ dodow a wontumi mmu ani ngu so.Melon yɛ nsuo 90% ne carbohydrates 9%, a protein ne sradeɛ biara nnu 1%.[15
Nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma.
Mfasoɔ.
Wɔ nea wodi bere a wɔayɛ no foforo akyi no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔma melon we. Wɔnoa ahorow afoforo, anaasɛ wodua ma wɔn aba, a wɔyɛ ho adwuma ma ɛyɛ melon ngo. Wɔdua ahorow afoforo nso esiane wɔn hua a ɛyɛ dɛ nkutoo nti. Wɔde melon na ɛyɛ Japanfo nsa Midori no dɛ.
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Gossypium Arboreum
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Gossypium Arboreum a wɔtaa frɛ no nnua kotoku no yɛ kotoku bi a ɛwɔ India asasepɔn no ase ne Wiase Dedaw no mmeae afoforo a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew ne mmeae a osu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse. Adanse wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔyɛɛ no bere tenten a atwam ni te sɛ Indus Bon Anibuei a ɛwɔ Indus Asubɔnten no mu de yɛ ntama a wɔde kotoku ayɛ no. Wɔde dua no kaa Linnaeus Species Plantarum a wotintimii wɔ afe 1753. Ɔno nso na ɔde holotype no mae, na mprempren ɛwɔ Linnean Herbarium a ɛwɔ Sweden Tete Nneɛma Akorae a Ɛhwɛ Abɔde Ho Abakɔsɛm So.
Nkyerɛmu.
Nnua kotoku yɛ dua a ne sorokɔ yɛ mita biako kosi abien. Ne nkorabata no yɛ nea nhwiren a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ akata so na ne kɔla yɛ kɔkɔɔ. Stipules wɔ ahaban no ase na ɛyɛ linear kɔsi lanceolate wɔ nsɛsoɔ mu na ɛtɔ da bi a ɛyɛ falcate (i.e. sickle-shaped). Nhaban no nam ntini a ne kɛse yɛ sɛntimita 1.5 kosi 10 so na ɛbata dua no ho. Nkrantɛ no yɛ ovate kosi orbicular na ɛwɔ ntini anum kosi ason, na ɛma ɛyɛ te sɛ maple ahaban wɔ soro. Nhama no yɛ linear kosi lanceolate, na mpɛn pii no, ɛse bi wɔ sinus no mu. Ntini ahorow wɔ mfinimfini ntini no ho anaasɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛwɔ ntini a ɛbɛn hɔ no so. Ahaban no yɛ glabrescent, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ pubescence no yera bere a obi nyin no, nanso sɛ ɛwɔ nhaban nketewa so a, ɛyɛ stellate (i.e. nsoromma-shaped) ne simple.nhwiren no si ntini ntiantiaa (i.e. nhwiren ntini) so. Epicalyx bi wɔ hɔ, a ɛyɛ bracts a ɛwɔ ase a ɛte sɛ sepals a ɛtoatoa so. N’afa akɛse a ɛyɛ ovate no yɛ nsensan (i.e. ɛwɔ sẽ wɔ anoano), ɛwom sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛte saa kakra de. Wɔyɛ cordate (i.e. koma te sɛ koma) wɔ ase na wɔyɛ acute wɔ atifi. Nokware calyx no sua, na ne tenten bɛyɛ milimita 5 (0.20 in) pɛ. Ne nsusuwii yɛ kurukuruwa, na ntini anum a ɛnyɛ anifere na ɛwɔ hɔ. Corolla no kɔla yɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛwɔ mfinimfini a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ koraa. Ne tenten yɛ sɛntimita 3 kosi 4 (nsateakwaa 1.2 kosi 1.6). Staminal tube no soa anthers no na ne tenten yɛ cm 1.5 kosi 2. Aduaba no yɛ aduru a ɛwɔ nkwammoaa abiɛsa anaa anan a ne ntwemu yɛ sɛntimita 1.5 kosi 2.5 (0.59 kosi 0.98 in). Ɛyɛ ovoid anaa oblong wɔ ne nsɛso mu na enni nhwi (i.e. enni nhwi). N’anim yɛ amena na ano bi wɔ n’awiei a etwa to no. Aba a ɛwɔ mu no yɛ kurukuruwa na wɔde kotoku fitaa atenten akata so.[3
Gossypium nnua a wɔde yɛ nnua a wɔfrɛ no var. neglecta, a ɛwɔ mpɔtam hɔ a wɔfrɛ no "Phuti karpas", ne ɔkwan foforo a wɔde yɛ Dhaka muslin wɔ India Apuei fam, mprempren Bangladesh.Na wobetumi adua ɔkwan soronko no wɔ beae bi a ɛwɔ Dhaka anafo fam, wɔ Meghna Asubɔnten no ano nkutoo. Wobetumi atwitwa no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a nhama ankorankoro betumi akura ahoɔden a ɛtwetwe no mu wɔ akontaabu a ɛkorɔn sen kotoku foforo biara mu.[5
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Azadirachta indica
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Azadirachta indica, a wɔtaa frɛ no neem, margosa, nimtree anaa Indian lilac, yɛ dua a ɛwɔ mahogany abusua Meliaceae mu. Ɛyɛ nnɔbae ahorow mmienu a ɛwɔ Azadirachta abusua mu no mu baako. Ɛfi India asasepɔn no ne Asia Anafo fam apuei fam mmeae bi, nanso wɔdɔɔso wɔ wiase nyinaa wɔ mmeae a ewim yɛ hyew na ewim yɛ nwini. Ne nnuaba ne ne aba na wonya neem ngo fi mu. Nim yɛ Hindustani asɛmfua a efi Sanskrit nimba mu.
Nkyerɛkyerɛmu.
Ɛho hia sɛ wɔtwe adwene si nsɛm afoforo so wɔ ɔfa yi mu na ama wɔagye ato mu. (May 2019) Margosa yɛ dua a ɛrenyin ntɛmntɛm a ne tenten betumi adu mita 15 - 20 (49 – 66 ft), na ɛntaa nyɛ tenten sɛ 35 –40 m (115 –131 ft). Ɛyɛ nhwiren a ɛtaa tɔ, na ne nhaban pii gu wɔ awɔw bere mu. N'abaa no trɛw na ɛtrɛw. N'ahenkyɛ a ɛyɛ den no yɛ kɔkɔɔ, na ne tɛtrɛtɛ betumi adu mita 20. N'afa a ɛne no bɔ abira no tenten yɛ 20 – 40 cm (8 – 16 in), na nkrataa a ɛyɛ ahabammono tenten bɛyɛ 3 - icm (1+1⁄4 - 3+1⁄4 in) na ɛwɔ ho. Mpɛn pii no, na nhomawa a ɛka yare no ho nsɛm no nni hɔ. Nnua a ɛwɔ so no yɛ nketewa. Nhwiren a ɛyɛ fitaa a ɛyɛ huam no gu hɔ ma ɛtrɛw bɛyɛ sɛ mita 25. Nhwiren no gu nhwiren 250 kosi 300. Nhwiren biara tenten yɛ mm. 5 ⁇ 6 na ne tɛtrɛtɛ yɛ mm. 8 - 11 . Nkorabata, nhwiren a ɛsono wɔn bɔbea ne nhwiren a ɛsono mmarima bɔbea nyinaa wɔ dua koro no ara so. Aba no yɛ smooth (glabrous), olive-like drupe a ɛsono ne su fi elongate oval to almost roundish, na sɛ abere a ne kɛse yɛ 14 – 28 mm (1⁄2 -1+1⁄8 in) by 10 –15 mm (3⁄8 - 5⁄8 in). Aba no ho nhwi (exocarp) yɛ nketenkete, na ne mu a ɛyɛ dɛ dɛ dɛ (mesocarp) no yɛ fitaa kɔkɔɔ kɔkɔɔ, na ɛyɛ nhwi pii. Mezocarp no yɛ 3 – 5 mm (1⁄8 - 1⁄4 inch). Aba no mu a ɛyɛ fitaa a emu yɛ den no ka aba biako, na ɛntaa nyɛ abien, anaa abiɛsa a ɛyɛ tenten a n'aba no yɛ kɔkɔɔ.
Margosa dua no te sɛ ne busuani, chinaberry anaa bakain, Melia azedarach, a wobetumi de afrafra mu. Melia azedarach nso wɔ nnuaba nketenkete a n'ano yɛ nsɔe ne nnuaba a ɛte saa. Nsonsonoe biako ne sɛ margosa nhaban no wɔ nhwiren nanso chinaberry nhaban no wɔ nhwiren abien ne abiɛsa.
Nhyehyɛe.
Adrien-Henri de Jussieu na odii kan tintim edin Azadirachta indica no wɔ afe 1830 mu. Wɔ afe 1753 mu no, Carl Linnaeus kaa nnua ahorow abien ho asɛm, Melia azedarach ne Melia azadirachta. De Jussieu susuw sɛ Melia azadirachta yɛ soronko koraa fi Melia azedarach ho ma wɔde no hyɛ abusua foforo bi mu. Linnaeus de ne din 'azedarach' dii dwuma wɔ ne nnua ahorow no nyinaa ho, a efi French kasa 'azédarac' mu, na ɛno nso fi Persia kasa 'āzād dirakht' (ازادرخت), a ɛkyerɛ 'free or noble tree' mu. Dua no Persian din, azad darakhat-e-hind, kyerɛ sɛ 'India dua a w'atumi atew ho, kyerɛ sɛ enni yare ne nkoekoemmoa haw biara.
Nkyekyɛmu.
Wɔkyerɛ sɛ Azadirachta indica fi India mantam ne Bangladesh wɔ India asasepɔn no so ne Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand ne Vietnam wɔ Indochina. Wɔagye no atrɛw wɔ mmeae afoforo wɔ tropical ne subtropical mmeae, fi South America kɔsi Indonesia.
Abɔde a nkwa wom.
Wonim margosa dua no sɛ ɛko tia ɔpɛ. Mpɛn pii no, ɛwo wɔ mmeae a osu tɔ kɛse wɔ hɔ, na afe biara osu tɔ bɛyɛ mm 400 -1,200. Ebetumi anyin wɔ mmeae a nsu a ɛtɔ afe biara no nnu mm 400 mu, nanso saa bere no, nea ehia paa ne asase ase nsu. Margosa betumi anyin wɔ asase ahorow pii so, nanso ɛyɛ yiye wɔ asase a emu dɔ a nsu nni mu yiye so. Ɛyɛ nnua a ɛwo wɔ tropical ne subtropical mu, na ɛwɔ afe biara mu no, ne hyew yɛ 21 - 32 °C (70 - 90 °F). Otumi gyina ɔhyew a ano yɛ den anaa nea ano yɛ den paa ano, na ɔmpɛ sɛ ɔhyew a ano yɛ den sen 5 °C (41 °F) ba. Margosa yɛ nnua kakraa bi a ɛma sunsuma a ɛwowɔ mmeae a ɔpɛ taa si, te sɛ India ne Pakistan mpoano nkuraase a ɛwowɔ anafo fam no mu biako. Nnua no ani nnye nsu no ho koraa, na sɛ nsu no yɛ kakra mpo a, ɛma wɔn ho tɔ wɔn. Wɔ India ne nsase a ewim yɛ hyew a Indiafo a wɔatu akɔtra hɔ no adu hɔ no, ɛyɛ ade a wɔtaa hu sɛ wɔde margosa nnua yɛ ade wɔ mmɔnten so, asɔredan, sukuu ahorow ne ɔman adan a ɛtete saa ho, anaa nnipa dodow no ara adiwo. Wɔ mmeae a osu tɔ kɛse no, wodua nnua no wɔ asase kɛse so.
Nwura a ɛyɛ nwura.
Wɔkyerɛ sɛ Margosa yɛ nwura bɔne wɔ mmeae pii, a ebi ne Middle East, Afrika a ɛwɔ Sahara Anafo fam no fa kɛse no ara a Afrika Atɔe fam ne India Po aman ka ho, ne Australia afa bi. Ɛwɔ mu no, ɛtumi tena ase wɔ baabi a ne tebea te sɛ ne deɛ mu, nanso wɔntaa nhwehwɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nwura.Wɔ April 2015 mu no, wɔkaa A. indica ho asɛm sɛ ɛyɛ nwura a ɛwɔ class B ne C wɔ Northern Territory, Australia, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ ma enyin na ɛtrɛw, na wɔmma kwan sɛ wɔde afifide anaa propagules ba Northern Territory. Mmara mma kwan sɛ obi bɛtɔ nnua anaa aba no, atɔn anaa ɔde bɛkɔ baabi foforo. N'asɛm a wɔkaa sɛ ɛyɛ nwura no bae sɛ mmuaeɛ maa n'asumansɛm wɔ "Top End" no mu. Bere a wɔde A. indica baa Australia no, ɛbɛyɛ sɛ wɔ afe 1940 mfe no mu no, wodii kan duaa no wɔ Northern Territory de maa anantwi no sunsum. Wɔ 1960 ne 1980 mfe no mu no, wosii nnua a na wɔsɔ hwɛ wɔ Darwin, Queensland, ne Western Australia, nanso Australia margosa adwuma no antumi anyɛ yiye. Seesei dua no atrɛw akɔ savanna, titiriw nsu a ɛbɛn hɔ, na nnipa a wɔabɛyɛ ne dea wɔ mmeae pii.
Nnua a wɔde yɛ nnuru.
Margosa aba, aba, ahaban, ntini, ne ne dua mu ntini wɔ nnɔbae mu nnuru ahorow, a emu bi wɔ hɔ a wodii kan hui wɔ azadirachta aba mu, te sɛ azadirachtin a wɔde sii hɔ wɔ afe 1960 mu sɛ mmoawa a wɔko tia mmoawa, nea ɛboa ma mmoawa nyin, ne mmoawammoawa. Azadirachtin a wonya fi aba a wogu 2 kg mu no bɛyɛ 5 g.Adaka azadirachtin ne limonoid ahorow a ɛne no wɔ abusuabɔ no, aba ngo no wɔ glycerides, polyphenols ahorow, nimbolide, triterpenes, ne beta-sitosterol. Ngo no yɛ kɔkɔɔ, ne hua te sɛ atoko na emu 2% yɛ limonoid compounds. N'ahaban no mu no, quercetin, catechins, carotenes, ne vitamin C.
Sɛnea wɔde di dwuma.
Margosa nhaban no, wɔoma so wɔ India na wɔde gu nkongua mu na mmoawa annidi ntade no, na wɔde gu nkongua mu nso a wɔkora ɛmo ne awi wɔ hɔ. Wɔde nhwiren yi di dwuma wɔ India afahyɛ ahorow te sɛ Ugadi mu nso. Hwɛ ase hɔ: #Association with Hindu festivals in India.
Aduan.
Wodi margosa dua no nhwiren ne nhwiren a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no sɛ afumduan wɔ India. Wɔnoa nnuan bi a ɛte sɛ sopa a wɔfrɛ no vēppam pū cāṟu (வேப்பம் பூ சாறு) wɔ Tamil kasa mu (a wɔkyerɛ ase sɛ "margosa nhwiren rasam") a wɔde neem nhwiren yɛ no wɔ Tamil Nadu. Wɔ Bengal no, wɔde margosa nkuku nketewa no tɔ ngo mu ne aubergine (brinjal) nketenkete. Wɔfrɛ no nim bēgun bhājā (নিম বেগুন ভাজা) na ɛyɛ ade a edi kan a wodi wɔ Bengali aduan mu, na ɛyɛ biribi a wɔde di kan. Wodi no wɔ mpataa mu. Margosa yɛ biribi a wɔde di dwuma wɔ South-East Asia, titiriw wɔ Cambodia, Laos (a wɔfrɛ no kadao Thailand (a wɔfrɛ no sadao [สะเดา [sàʔ daw anaa satao สะเตา taw]), Myanmar (a wɔfrɛ no ta.ma [တမာ]) ne Vietnam (a wɔfrɛ no sầu đâu na wɔde noa salad gỏi sầu đâu). Sɛ wɔnoa aduan no brɛoo mpo a, ne dɛ yɛ yaw, na ɛnyɛ nnipa a wɔte aman yi mu nyinaa na wodi. Wɔ Myanmar no, wɔnoa margosa nhaban ne ne nhwiren nketenkete ne tamarind aba ma ne mu yɛ hyew na wodi no sɛ afumduan. Wodi margosa a wɔakyekyere ho no nso wɔ tomatoma ne mpataa a wɔde anoa nam mu wɔ Myanmar.
Atetesɛm mu nnuru.
Wɔde nnua a wɔde margosa ayɛ no adi dwuma wɔ tete India aduruyɛ mu mfehaha pii, de sa honam mu haw ne rheumatism,nanso enni adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mfaso bi wɔ margosa a wɔde di dwuma wɔ aduruyɛ mu so. Wɔ mpaninfoɔ mu no, wɔnnya nhyehyeɛ pɔtee bi mmae, na sɛ wɔde margosa di dwuma bere tiaa bi a ɛte sɛ nea asiane biara nni mu, na sɛ wɔde di dwuma bere tenten a, ebetumi asɛe nkokora ne akwahosan; wɔ mmɔfra nketewa mu no, margosa ngo no yɛ awuduru na ebetumi de owuo aba.Margosa betumi nso ama obi ayi nyinsɛn agu, ne awo, ne mogya mu asikre a ɛtɔ fam. Wɔ India Anafo fam ne Middle-East no, wɔtaa de neem twigs di dwuma sɛ ɛwo hohoro twig. [ ɔhwɛ mu ]
Mmoawa a wɔsɛe ade ne ɔyare a wɔsɛe ade.
Margosa yɛ ade titiriw wɔ nnubɔne a wɔde di dwuma a ɛnyɛ mmoawammoawa ano aduru (NPM), na ɛma wonya nnuru a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ɔkwan foforo so. Wɔde Margosa aba no yɛ dɔte a wɔde gu nsu mu anadwo na wɔde gu aba no so. Sɛ ɛbɛyɛ adwuma yiye a, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde di dwuma mpɛn pii, anyɛ yiye koraa no, da biara da du. Margosa nkum mmoawa tẽẽ. Ɛyɛ biribi a ɛmma nnɔbae no nnidi, ɛpam nnɔbae no, na ɛmma nnɔbae no ntutu, na ɛma nnɔbae no ho tɔ no. Ɔkɔm kunkum nkoekoemmoa no, na wowu wɔ nna kakraa bi mu. Margosa nso siw wɔn nkesua a ɛwo no kwan. Nnuan a wɔde Margosa ayɛ no aboa yiye wɔ atɔe fam akɔmfo ho. Wobetumi de Margosa abodoo adi dwuma sɛ aduhuam. Wɔakyerɛ sɛ Margosa ngo tumi siw ntontom kwan sɛ biribi a ɛboa nnipa ma wonya sika.
Margosa ngo a wɔde yɛ polymeric resins.
Wɔde margosa ngo adi dwuma wɔ polymeric resins ho wɔ amanneɛbɔ ahorow a wɔde too gua nnansa yi mu. Wɔbɔ amanneɛ sɛ wɔde monoglyceride (MG) kwan na ɛyɛ alkyd resins ahorow a efi margosa ngo mu ne sɛnea wɔde siesie PU coatings no. Alkyde ahorow no yɛ wɔn ho adwuma bere a wɔde nneɛma a wɔde yɛ nyinsɛn abien a wɔde yɛ nyinsɛn te sɛ phthalic ne maleic anhydrides ne MG a efi margosa ngo mu yɛ adwuma.
Ade foforo a wɔde di dwuma.
Dua: Margosa dua no ho hia kɛse esiane sɛ ɛko tia sare so a ɛreyɛ no nti, na ebetumi agye carbon dioxide. Wɔsan de di dwuma ma asase no nya nnɔbae pii. Fertilizer: neem extract de ka fertilizer (urea) ho sɛ nitrification inhibitor. Mmoa aduan: margosa ahaban no betumi adi dwuma bere ne bere mu sɛ nnuan ma akekantwɛre ne mpɔnkɔ. Nsa ho hohoro: margosa no yɛ biribi a wɔtaa de hohoro wɔn sẽ ho. Aduruyɛ Sɛnea American Journal of Neuroradiology kyerɛ no, margosa ngo betumi ama obi anya nsamanwaw ne aniwa yare ahorow bi, sɛ wɔdi no pii a ɛboro 150ml (5.07 US fluid ounces).
COVID-19 ano aduru a wɔka sɛ etumi sa yare no.
Wɔ March 2020 mu no, nnipa pii kaa nsɛm bi wɔ social media so wɔ Asia anafo fam apuei aman ne Afrika, a na wɔtaa so kyerɛ sɛ wobetumi de margosa ahaban adi COVID-19 ho dwuma. Malaysia Asoɛe a Ɛhwɛ Apɔwmuden So no bɔɔ anansesɛm a ɛfa nnuaba yi a wɔde sa COVID-19 ho no ano, na bɔɔ kɔkɔ wɔ apɔwmuden ho asiane a ɛwɔ nnuaba yi a wɔde di boro so no ho.
Genome ne transcriptomes.
Wɔayɛ Margosa genome ne transcriptomes a efi akwaa ahorow mu no ho nhwehwɛmu.Wɔde nnuaba, ahaban, nnuaba mesocarp, ne nnuaba endocarp mu nnwinnade a wɔde yɛ hybrid no ho nhomasua nhoma ahorow na ɛkyerɛɛ nnuaba no mu.
Amammerɛ ne asetena mu nkɛntɛnso.
Ne din Nimai ('wowoo no wɔ neem dua ase'), a ɛyɛ Bhakti movement Vaishnava saint ne Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (wɔn a wogye di sɛ ɛyɛ Radha Krishna a wɔwoo no wɔ Gaudiya Vaishnavism ne ISKCON mu) din no fi ne awo wɔ neem dua ase. Wɔ afe 1995 mu no, Europa Patent Ɔfese (EPO) maa United States Kuw a Ɛhwɛ Kuadwuma So ne W. R. Grace ne Company. Bere a wɔmaa India aban no tumi krataa no, wɔsɔre tiaa no, na wɔkae sɛ wɔde ɔkwan a wɔfa so ma tumi krataa no adi dwuma wɔ India bɛboro mfe 2,000 ni. Wɔ afe 2000 mu no, EPO no buu India bem, nanso W. R. Grace de asɛm no kɔɔ asɛnnibea foforo, na ɔkae sɛ wɔntaa ntoo nyansahu mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa aduro no ho no ase da. Wɔ March 8, 2005 mu no, EPO gyee Neem patenti no toom.
Abɔde a nkwa wom ho nimdeɛ.
Biofoe a wonya fi nnua no aba mu no wɔ limonoid triterpenes. Seesei de, nea ɛreyɛ no de ɔhaw bi aba te sɛ ntontom ne ntontom a ɛwowɔ no, ne limonoid ahorow a ɛwɔ mu no, esiane awosu, wim tebea, ne beae a wɔwowɔ nti. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔadi ɔhaw ahorow yi so no, wɔasua limonoids a efi nnua mu nkwammoaa ne ntini mu ntini mu aba wɔ bioreactors mu,a nea ɛka ho ne nnua mu nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ afa abien a ɛboa ma limonoids nyin ne wɔn a wonya fi A. indica nkwammoaa mu aba no.
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Dialium guineense
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Dialium guineense, anaa sɛ velvet tamarind yɛ tenten. Ɛyɛ dua a ɛso aduaba a ɛwɔ dua a ɛso nhwerɛn abusua Fabaceae mu. Mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ ketewa na asane ayɛsɛ grapes yɛbea, ɛyɛ aduaba a yɛdi a n'ahosuo no yɛ dodoeɛ, ɛden, a wontumi nni ne hono.
Nkyekyɛmu.
Wɔtaa nyini wɔ kwaeɛ bɛrɛtuom wɔ Afrika wɔ Sahel anafoɔ fam. Wɔ Togo yɛ frɛ no atchethewh. Velvet tamarind no, wɔtaa hunu no wɔ Afika Atɔe fam wɔ aman bi te sɛ Benin a wɔfrɛ no "Assiswe", Ghana a wɔfrɛ no yoyi, Sierra Leone a wɔfrɛ no " black tombia", Senegal, Guinnea Bissau a ɛho nti wɔfrɛ no " Veludo", Portugese frɛ no velvet, Nigeria frɛ no awin anaa igbaru wɔ Yoruba, mu wɔfrɛ no icheku wɔ Igbo ne tsamiyar biri wɔ Hausa mu.
Ne dwumadie.
N'abena ne ne nhaban wɔ nnuro ho mfasoɔ bebree a wɔde sa yareɛ bebree.
Aduaba
Aduaba biara wɔ aba a ɛden, ɛyɛ tratra, ɛyɛ kurukuruwa, ɛyɛ dodoeɛ, a ɛmu duro no bɛyɛ sɛ 7-8 mm de kɔsi 3mm. Aba no ɛyɛ akɔyɛ sɛ watermelon aba (citrulus lanatus). Aduaba no bi wɔ mma mmienu. Aba no ho yɛ shyɛmshyɛm, a ɛyɛ sɛ starchi ɛkata ho.
Ne pulpi no yɛtumi di na wosane tumi de gu nsuom na wanom te sɛ nsa. N'ahaban nwonwon ka atɔsodeɛ Ghanafoɔ de yɛ aduane a yɛfrɛ no damoda.
Timber dua
Dua no yɛ den na ɛsane yɛ duru yɛsane de yɛ adesie. Yɛsane de dua no sɔgya na yɛde bi nso yɛ bidie.
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Synsepalum dulcificum
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Synsepalum dulcificum yɛ afifideɛ bi a ɛwɔ Sapotaceae abusua mu, na ɛwɔ Afrika mmeaeɛ a nsuo tɔ na awia bɔ kɛseɛ. Wɔnim no sɛ ɛwɔ nnuaba a sɛ wɔdi a, ɛma nnuane a ɛyɛ anika (te sɛ lemon ne limes ) a akyire yi wɔdi no yɛ dɛ . Saa nkɛntɛnso yi firi miraculin . Edin a wɔtaa de frɛ saa ɔkwan yi ne ne berry no bi ne miracle fruit, miracle berry, miraculous berry, sweet berry, ne Afrika Atɔe fam, baabi a ɔkwan no firi, "agbayun" (wɔ Yoruba kasa mu ) taami,asaa ne ledidi.
Asikyire kakraa bi na ɛwɔ berry no ankasa mu na ɛyɛ tang a ɛyɛ dɛ kakra, Glycoprotein molecule bi wɔ mu, a carbohydrate nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn bi di akyi, a wɔfrɛ no miraculin . Sɛ wodi aduaba no fa a ɛyɛ nam no a, saa molecule yi kyekyere tɛkrɛma no dɛ, na ɛma nnuane a ɛyɛ nwono yɛ dɛ. Wɔ pH a ɛnyɛ nea ɛwɔ nipadua mu no, miraculin kyekyere na esi nnoɔma a ɛma nipadua no nya no kwan, nanso sɛ pH sua (a efiri nnuane a ɛyɛ akisikuru a wodi mu ba) a, miraculin kyekyere protein ahodoɔ na ɛtumi ma nnoɔma a ɛma nnoɔma yɛ dɛ no yɛ adwuma, na ɛma wohu sɛ ɛyɛ dɛ. Saa nkɛntɛnso yi kɔ so kɔsi sɛ nnompe bɛhohoro protein no afi hɔ (ɛkɔ bɛyɛ simma 30).
Edin anwanwadeɛ nnuaba ne anwonwade nnuaba no yɛ nea "Gymnema sylvestre" ne "Thaumatococcus daniellii", a ɛyɛ nnua afoforɔ mmienu a wɔde sesa sɛnea wosusu sɛ nnuane yɛ dɛ no wɔ.
Abakɔsɛm.
Wɔde berry no adi dwuma wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam berɛ tenten. Ɛyɛ Yorubafo aduane fa . Anyɛ yiyie koraa no, abɔntenfoɔ fii aseɛ suaa aduaba yi firi afeha a ɛto so dunwɔtwe (18th century) mu, berɛ a Europe ɔkwantuni bi, Chevalier des Marchais, de sɛnea wɔde dii dwuma wɔ hɔ no ho kyerɛtohɔ mae no. Des Marchais a na ɔrehwehwɛ Afrika Atɔe Fam nnuaba ahodoɔ pii wɔ 1725 akwantuo bi mu no hunu sɛ ɛhɔfo tete nnuaba no fi nnuadewa mu na wɔwe ansa na wɔadidi.
Wɔ 1980 mfeɛ no mu wɔ United States no, wɔbɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛtɔn aduaba no ɛsiane sɛnea ɛtumi kata nnuane a ɛnyɛ dɛ so sɛ ɛyɛ dɛ a ɛnhia calorie nti, nanso ɛbɛyɛɛ nea ɛho nhia berɛ a Aduane ne Nnuru Dwumadibea no buu nnuaba no sɛ ɛyɛ aduane a wɔde ka aduane ho na ɛho hia no ahobammɔ ho adanse. Wɔ 1970 mfeɛ no mu berɛ bi no, na U.S. adidifoɔ bɛtumi atɔ miraculin a wɔde yɛ aduru bi. Saa anigyeɛ yi sane nyaa nkɔsoɔ wɔ nnuane a wɔsɔ hwɛ ho nhyiamu ahodoɔ a wɔn a wɔsɔ hwɛ no di nnuane a ɛyɛ nwono na ɛyɛ nwononwono, te sɛ lemon, radishes, pickles, hot sauce, ne beer, afei wonya nsakyrae a wosusu sɛ ɛyɛ dɛ wɔ miraculin mu no mu.
Esu.
Ɛyɛ dua a ɛnyin tenten na ɛwɔ nhaban a ɛyɛ den. Ne nhaban yɛ tenten, trɛ, na ɛho nwi nni ase. Wɔaboaboa wɔn ho ano wɔ nkorabata no ano. Nhwiren no yɛ fitaa. Ɛso kɔkɔɔ, nnuaba atenten. Aba biara wɔ aba baako.
Dua no nnɔeɛ.
Afifideɛ no nyini yiye wɔ asase a ne pH sua te sɛ 4.5 kosi 5.8, wɔ baabi a awɔ nni mu ne sunsuma fa bi a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini kɛseɛ. Etumi gyina ɔpɛ, awia a ano yɛ den, ne mmepɔ a ɛso yɛ toro ano.
Aba no gye nnafua 14 kosi 21 ansa na afifi. Ntam a ɛda ntam a ɛyɛ 4 m (13.) a ft) ntam afifideɛ ntam no yɛ nyansahyɛ.
Afifideɛ no di kan so aba berɛ a wɔanyin bɛyɛ mfeɛ 3–4 akyi, na ɛso nnɔbaeɛ mmienu afe biara, wɔ osutɔ berɛ no awie akyi . Afifideɛ a ɛyɛ ahabammono daa yi so nnuaba nketewa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, berɛ a nhwiren fitaa so asram pii wɔ afe no mu.
Aba no kɛseɛ bɛyɛ sɛ kɔfe aba .
Wɔ Afrika no, lepidopterous nwansena to hyɛ nhaban so, na nnuaba mu nwansena nwansena hyɛ so . Wɔahu ntontom "Rigidoporus microporus" wɔ afifideɛ yi so.
Wɔayɛ tomato afifideɛ a wɔadan no awosu mu nkwaadɔm wɔ nhwehwɛmu adwuma ahodoɔ a ɛma miraculin mu .
Nneɛma a wɔde dua no yɛ ne mmara a wɔde di dwuma.
Wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam mmeae a nsuo tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse, baabi a saa mmoa yi firi no, wɔde nnuaba a wɔayam no yɛ dɛ ma nsa fufuo yɛ dɛ . Abakɔsɛm mu no, na wɔde di dwuma nso de ma atoko paanoo a wɔayam no dɛ tu mpɔn, nanso wɔde adi dwuma sɛ adeɛ a ɛma ɛyɛ dɛ na ɛma anonne ne nnuane ahodoɔ te sɛ beer, cocktails, vinegar, ne pickles yɛ dɛ.
Efiri afe 2011 no, United States FDA ahyɛ mmara sɛ wɔmfa "Synsepalum dulcificum" (a ɛkyerɛ ‘miraculin’) mfiri ne mfiaseɛ wɔ Taiwan, na wɔaka sɛ ɛyɛ "adeɛ a ɛyɛ dɛ a wɔmmɔ ho amanneɛ a mmara mma ho kwan". Nanso bra a wɔabra no mfa ho berɛ a wɔde firi aman afoforɔ so ba no. Wɔ afe 2021 mu no, wɔmaa adwumakuo Baïa Food Co. a ɛwɔ Spain no kwan sɛ wɔmfa Dried Miracle Berry nkɔ dwa so wɔ EU.
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Hildegardia (dua) .
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Hildegardia yɛ nnua bi a ɛwɔ abusua Malvaceae mu . Wɔ nhyehyɛe dada a wɔde kyekyɛ nnoɔma mu no, wɔde sii Sterculiaceae, nanso mprempren saa abusua no mufo nyinaa wɔ Malvaceae a wɔatrɛ mu. Wɔde Ɔhotefo Hildegard a ofi Bingen din too abusua no din esiane mmoa a ɔde ma wɔ nhabannuru mu nti. Nnomaa ahodoɔ 13 na ɛwɔ hɔ a wɔn kyekyɛ wɔ pantropical.
Nnomaa ahodoɔ no bi ne:
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Momordica charantia
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Momordica charantia nipa dodowɔ frɛ no sɛ bitter melon, goya, bitter apple, bitter gourd, bitter squash, balsam-pear, karavila ɛyɛ nwononwono firi ase wɔ Afrika baabi a na ɛyɛ ǃKung abɔmmɔfo-aboaboafo aduane titire wɔ ɔpɛ berɛ mu. Nnua a ɛsono nea ɛyɛ wura mu anaa nea wɔyɛ no fa bi no trɛ wɔ Asia nyinaa wɔ abakɔsɛm a edii abakɔsɛm anim mu, na ɛbɛyɛ sɛ na wɔyɛ afieboa koraa wɔ Asia Kesee Fam Apue . Wɔde di dwuma kɛse wɔ Asia Apuei Fam, Asia Anaafoɔ Fam, ne Asia Anaafoɔ Fam Apuei nnuane mu.
Abakɔsɛm.
Saa bobe a ɛyɛ nhabannuru , a ɛso ntini yi nyini koduru wɔ ne tenten mu. Ɛso nhaban a ɛnyɛ den na ɛsesa across, a ɛwɔ ntini mmiɛnsa kosi nson a ɛtete mu kɛse. Afifideɛ biara so nhwiren kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ ɔbarima ne ɔbaa a ɛsono emu biara . Wɔ Atifi Fam no, nhwiren fifi wɔ June kɔsi July mu na ɛso aba wɔ September kɔsi November mu. Ɛyɛ afe afe dua a awɔ wom wɔ mmeaɛ a ɛhɔ yɛ hye na ɛtra hɔ daa wɔ mmeaɛ a nsuo tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse. Ɛnyin yie wɔ USDA mpatam 9 kɔsi 11.
Aduaba no wɔ akyi a ɛda nso a ɛyɛ nkuruwankuruwa na ɛyɛ tenten. Ɛyɛ tɔkuru wɔ ne ntwemu mu, na nam a ɛyɛ tratraa kakra atwa aba a ɛwɔ mfinimfini a aba akɛseɛ a ɛyɛ tratraa ne pith ahyɛ mu ma no ho ahyia. Wɔtaa di aduaba no ahabammono, anaasɛ berɛ a afi ase reyɛ kɔkɔɔ no. Saa berɛ yi de, aduaba no nam yɛ mmerɛ na ɛyɛ nsuo, te sɛ kukuruku, chayote, anaa ɛmo a ɛyɛ ahabammono, nanso ɛyɛ nwononwono. Nnwura no yɛ mmerɛ na wotumi di. Aba ne pith da adi fitaa wɔ nnuaba a ɛnberee mu; wɔnyɛ nwononwono kɛseɛ na wobetumi ayi afi hɔ ansa na wɔanoa.
Nsɛm bi kyerɛ sɛ nam (abon) no yɛ den kakra na ɛyɛ nwononwono berɛ a obi nyini no, nanso nsɛm afoforɔ kyerɛ sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no, wɔ Chinafo ahodoɔ a wɔtaa de di dwuma no fam no, honam ani nsakyirae na berɛ a obi nyini no, nwononwono no so te. Chinafo ahodoɔ no ye sɛ wotwa no ahabammono a ɛyɛ hann a ɛbia ɛwɔ kɔkɔɔ kakra anaasɛ ansa na ɛno reba. Pith no yɛ dɛ na ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ kɛse; wobetumi adi a wɔannoa wɔ saa tebea yi mu, na ɛyɛ ade a agye din wɔ Asia Anaafoɔ Fam Apuei salad ahodoɔ bi mu .
Sɛ aduaba no nyini koraa a, ɛdan ankaa na ɛyɛ mmerɛ, na ɛpaapae yɛ no afa hodoɔ a ɛsane kɔ akyi ma ɛda aba a wɔde aduru kɔkɔɔ a ɛhyerɛn akata so no adi.
Ahodoɔ.
Melon a ɛyɛ nwononwono wɔ nsusu ne akɛse ahodoɔ. Nnua a wɔtaa yɛ wɔ China no yɛ tenten, ɛyɛ tenten a n’awieɛ yɛ teateaa hoyaa na n'ahosuo yɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ mmerɛ, na ne soro yɛ asɔkye brɛ na ɛyɛ akisikuru. Melon a ɛyɛ nwononwono a ɛyɛ India de kɛseɛ no wɔ ne bɔbea teateaa a n'awieɛ yɛ nsensanee, na ne soro a "se" a ɛyɛ nsensanee, ahinanan ne nsensanee akata so. Ɛyɛ ahabammono kɔsi fitaa. Wɔ saa nnoɔma mmienu a ɛtra so yi ntam no, ntamgyinafo dodoɔ biara wɔ hɔ. Ebinom so aba nketenkete a ɛyɛ pɛ tenten, a wobetumi de ama baako baako sɛ nhabannuru a wɔde nnoɔma ahyɛ mu. Nnuaba nketewa yi yɛ nea nkurɔfo ani gye ho kɛseɛ wɔ Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal, ne aman afoforɔ a ɛwɔ Asia Anaafoɔ Fam. Asasepɔn no ase ahodoɔ no na nkurɔfo ani gye ho kɛseɛ wɔ Bangladesh ne India.
Mmoa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae.
"M. charantia" yɛ "Bactrocera tau", mmoa a wonim no sɛ ɔpɛ Cucurbitaceae no ahɔho titire no mu baako.
Nnoɔma a wɔde di dwuma.
Aduanenoa.
Wɔtaa di melon a ɛyɛ nwononwono a wɔanoa berɛ a ɛyɛ ahabammono anaasɛ ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ ntɛm. Wobetumi adi melon a ɛyɛ nwononwono no nkorabata ne nhaban nso sɛ nhaban momono . Aduaba no yɛ nwononwono a wɔannoa na wobetumi de ahyɛ nsuonwunu mu na wɔayiyi mu de ayi saa dɛ a ano yɛ den no bi afiri hɔ.
China.
Wɔ Chinafo aduane mu no, melon a ɛyɛ nwononwono (苦瓜, pinyin: kugua; Peh-oe-ji: kho-koe. ) na wɔde yɛ stir-fries (a mpɛn pii no wɔde mprako nam ne "douchi" ), kwan, dim sum, ne nhabannuru nnuro ( gohyah tii ). Wɔde adi dwuma nso asi hops ananmu sɛ ade a ɛyɛ nwononwono wɔ beer ahodoɔ bi mu wɔ China ne Okinawa.
India.
Wɔtaa di akutene a ɛyɛ nwononwono wɔ India nyinaa. Wɔ North India aduane mu no, wɔtaa de yogurt gu nkyɛn de si nwononwono no ano, wɔde yɛ curry te sɛ "sabzi," anaasɛ wɔde nnuhuam hyɛ mu na afei wɔde ngo noa.
Wɔ South India aduane mu no, wɔde di dwuma wɔ nnuane pii te sɛ "thoran" / "thuvaran" (a wɔde kube a wɔayam afra), "pavaikka mezhukkupuratti" (a wɔde nnuhuam afra mu), "theeyal" (a wɔde kube a wɔayam ayɛ), ne "pachadi" (a wobu no sɛ ɛyɛ aduruyɛ aduane ma asikyireyarefoɔ ), na ɛma ɛho hia kɛseɛ wɔ Malayali aduane mu. Nnuane ho nyansahyɛ afoforɔ a agye din ne nea wɔde curry yɛ, a wɔde nkateɛ anaa nnuaba afoforo a wɔayam ayɛ no mu dɔ, ne "Kakara kaya pulusu(కాకర కాయ పులుసు)" wɔ "Telugu kasa" mu, kwan a wɔde ayɛyɛde a wɔayam ne nnuhuam afoforɔ ayɛ. Wɔ Karnataka no, wɔfrɛ akutu a ɛyɛ nwononwono sɛ "hāgalakāyi" ( ಹಾಗಲಕಾಯಿ wɔ Kannada kasa mu.
Wɔ Tamil Nadu no, wɔfrɛ no "paagarkaai" anaa "pavakai" ( பாகற்காய்) wɔ Tamil kasa mu. Wɔ saa mmeaɛ yi no, aduane titire bi a wɔfrɛ no "pagarkai pitla", "koottu" abi abu so. Nea wɔtaa hu nso ne "kattu pagarkkai", curry a wɔde ayɛyɛde, gyɛɛne a wɔanoa, ne kube a wɔayam ahyɛ mu ma, afei wɔde ahoma kyekyere na wɔde ngo hye. Wɔ Konkan mantam a ɛwɔ Maharashtra mu no, wɔde nkyene gu kube a wɔatwitwa no yiye a wɔfrɛ no "karle" ( कारले</link> ) wɔ Marathi kasa mu, na afei wɔpiapia no, na woyi ne nsu a ɛyɛ nwononwono no fi hɔ kodu baabi. Bere a wɔde nnuhuam ahorow ayɛ eyi awie no, wɔde akutu a wɔayam no ayɛ nea ɛnyɛ nwononwono na ɛyɛ crispy no. Wɔfrɛ akutu a ɛyɛ nwononwono sɛ "karate" ( Konkani) wɔ Goa baabi a wɔde di dwuma kɛse wɔ Goafo aduan mu . Wɔ Bengal, baabi a wonim no sɛ "korola" (করলা) wɔ Bengali kasa mu no, wɔtaa di akutu a ɛyɛ nwononwono kɛkɛ a wɔanoa na wɔde nkyene, sinapi ngo, atwitwa no teateaa na wɔayam no yiye, de ka atoko ho de ayɛ "tetor" dal (atoko a ɛyɛ nwononwono), . na ɛyɛ ade titiriw a wɔde yɛ Shukto, Bengali nhabannuru a wɔde afrafra a ɛyɛ nhabannuru pii te sɛ banana a wɔannoa, sanku dua, bori, ne ɛmo a wɔde afra.
Wɔ India Atifi fam ne Nepal, melon nwononwono a yɛsane frɛ no tite karela (तीते करेला) wɔ Nepali, ɔyɛ no sɛ pikle foforɔ. Wei nti ɔtwetwa atɔsodeɛ na ɔkye wɔ anwa mu na ɔde nsuo apiti so. Sɛ ɛyɛ mmrɛ a ɔde garlik, nkyene ne moko kɔkɔɔ ne bunuka ho wɔ no wɔ waduro mu. Wɔkye ma no yɛ sɛ agudeɛ na ɔde kurry ka ho.
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Citrus aurantifolia
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Citrus aurantifolia anaa "Mexican lime" kyerɛ wo kwan kɔ ha. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu nnuru a wɔde yɛ aburow no a, hwɛ calcium hydroxide. Key lime anaa acid lime (Citrus × aurantiifolia anaa C. aurantifolia) yɛ citrus hybrid (C. hystrix × C. medica) a ɛwɔ South-East Asia. Ɛwɔ aba a ne kɛse yɛ santimita 2.5 ne fa. Mpɛn pii no, wɔtew Key lime bere a ɔda so yɛ ahabammono no, nanso sɛ esi a, ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ. Key lime no yɛ nketenkete, ɛyɛ nketenkete, ɛyɛ nketenkete, ɛyɛ nketenkete, na ɛyɛ nnuhwam sen Persian lime (Citrus × latifolia). Wɔkyerɛ ho anisɔ esiane ne dɛ a ɛyɛ soronko nti. Ne din no fi Florida Keys, baabi a wonim no paa sɛ Key lime pie mu nnuan a wɔde hyɛ no agude. Wɔsan frɛ no West Indian lime, bartender's lime, Omani lime, anaa Mexican lime,nea etwa to a wɔkyekyɛɛ no sɛ abusua a ɛda nsow a wɔn honam yɛ kɛse na wɔn kɔla yɛ ahabammono. Philippinesfo wɔ din ahorow, a ebi ne dayap ne bilolo.
Etymology.
Engiresi asɛmfua lime no fi Arabic asɛmfua ليمة līma mu, na ɛno nso fi Persia asɛmfua limu لیمو mu. Key fi Florida Keys, baabi a wɔwoo aba no. Bere a wɔde din no dii dwuma kan koraa ne afe 1905, bere a wɔkyerɛkyerɛɛ aba no mu sɛ "aba a eye sen biara wɔ gua so. Ɛyɛ aduhuam, ɛyɛ dɛ, na ɛkyɛn borɔdɔma".
Nkyerɛkyerɛmu.
Dua bi a ɛreyɛ aba wɔ Bengal Atɔe Fam, India C. aurantiifolia yɛ nnua a ɛyɛ nketewa, a ne tenten yɛ mita 5, a nsɔe pii wɔ so. Nketewa ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a wotumi dua wɔ dan mu wɔ awɔw bere mu ne mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini. N'abaa a ɛntaa nteɛ tee no wɔ mman pii, na ɛtaa fi ase wɔ dua no ase pɛɛ N'ahaban no yɛ mmorɔnoma, ne tenten yɛ santimita 2.5 -9 (1 - 3+1⁄2), na ɛte sɛ aburoni ahaban (ɔduruyɛfo din aurantiifolia kyerɛ sɛ ɛte sɛ Citrus aurantium ahaban). Nhwiren no tenten yɛ cm 2.5, na ne kɔla yɛ fitaa a ne ho yɛ bruu kɔkɔɔ. Nhwiren ne nnuaba wɔ hɔ afe no nyinaa, nanso ɛwɔ hɔ fi May kɔsi September wɔ Atifi fam Asase no so. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a honam no tumi nya phytophotodermatitis, ɛma honam no yɛ anihaw paa wɔ ultraviolet hann ho.
Nhyehyɛe.
Key lime no ama wɔatete nkyenenkyene ahorow pii. Nea wonim no yiye, a ɛyɛ nea efi Key lime-lemon ntini mu ba, ne Persia borɔdɔma (Citrus × latifolia), borɔdɔma a wonya no kɛse wɔ wiase nyinaa. Afoforo nso, te sɛ wɔn nananom no, wɔde wɔn hyɛ C. aurantiifolia mu. Bere a wɔde citron ne nnua foforo kɔbɔɔ nnua foforo no, wɔwoo nnua ahorow bi te sɛ Tanepeo, Coppenrath, Ambilobe, ne Mohtasseb ne Madagascar borɔdɔma. Saa nnua ahorow yi nso wɔ mfaso kakra. Sɛ wɔde mandarin ne pomelo a ɛte sɛ aprɛ no yɛ kraman a, ɛma wonya Kirk aduhuam. Ɛte sɛ nea New Caledonia ne Kaghzi aduaba no fi F2 Key aduaba a ɛwowɔ ne ho mu, bere a ne ho a ɛwowɔ ne ho no maa yɛn tetraploid Giant Key aduaba no. N'ahoɔden a ɔde bɛyɛ ntɛtɛwa ahorow pii esiane sɛ ɛpɛ sɛ ɛwo diploid gametes nti, ebetumi ama yareɛ ho asiane a ɛwɔ ntɛtɛwa ahorow a wɔtɔn no seesei no mu so atew.
Nkyekyɛmu ne atrae.
C. aurantiifolia fi Asia anafo fam apuei. Sɛnea ɛda adi no, ɔkwan a wɔnam so de wɔn baa hɔ no fi Mediterranea Apuei fam kɔɔ Afrika Atifi fam, afei wɔkɔɔ Sicily ne Andalucia, na afei, wɔfaa Spania akwantufo so kɔɔ West Indies, a Florida Keys ka ho. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ Henry Perrine na ɔde Key lime baa Florida. 15] Efi Caribbean no, nkyeneduru a wɔdɔw no trɛw kɔɔ Amerika Atifi fam mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew na ɛhɔ yɛ nwini no, a Mexico, Florida, ne akyiri yi California ka ho.
Afuw.
Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 no awiei mu no, na wobu "Mexican" limes sen lemons wɔ California; nanso wɔ Florida no, na wobu no sɛ nwura bɔne. Afei, wɔ 1894-95 mu no, Nkyenkyen a Ɛkɔɔ So Kɛse no sɛee Florida borɔdɔma mfuw, na akuafo wɔsan duaa Mexico aduaba bi; ankyɛ na wɔbɛfrɛɛ no Florida Key Lime, "mpɔtam no mu aduaba a wɔdɔ paa". Nanso bere a ahum bi tui wɔ Miami wɔ afe 1926 mu no, wɔsan duaa Persia borɔdɔma a ano yɛ den a enni nsɔe no bio. Efi bere a North American Free Trade Agreement no fii ase yɛɛ adwuma no, wɔatete Key limes a ɛwɔ United States aguadi mu no mu dodow no ara wɔ Mexico, Central America, ne South America. Wodua no nso wɔ Texas, Florida, ne California.
Nkɔso
Akwan horow pii wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so dua Key limes. Wobetumi de aba a efi aba mu awo saa aduaba yi, na ɛbɛnyini ma ayɛ sɛ nea n'awofo fi mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde aba no hyɛ nsu mu kɔsi sɛ wɔbɛdua no, ɛfiri sɛ, sɛ wɔgyaa no ma ɛwo a, ɛrenyin. Sɛ wɔwo afi aba mu a, Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde aba no sie bɛyɛ abosome 5 anaa 6 ansa na wɔde aba no ato hɔ. Bio nso, nnɔbae a wonya fi nnɔbae a wɔtwa anaa mframa mu a wɔhyehyɛ no betumi ama aba aba wɔ afe biako mu, na afi nnɔbae a wɔn ho yɛ hu yiye mu. Ɔkwan foforo a wɔfa so yɛ no ne sɛ, wɔtwe dua a abere no ho na wɔatwa ntini no mu, na ama afifide foforo afifi. Wɔtaa de ntini no kɔhyɛ borɔdɔma anaa kɔbere kɔkɔɔ mu na ama ntini no mu ayɛ den.
Mpɛn pii no, ɛyɛ papa sɛ wɔde afifide no gu nnua a wontumi nnya gummosis no mu, efisɛ saa yare no taa yɛ afifide no. Nkorabata a mfaso wɔ so no bi ne kwae, Cleopatra mandarin ne tahiti limes. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde C. macrophylla di dwuma sɛ ntini wɔ Florida de hyɛ ahoɔden. Wim tebea ne aba a ɛbere a aba no nyin ho hia paa wɔ borɔdɔma dua a wɔdɔw no ho. Wɔ tebea a ɛyɛ hyew bere nyinaa mu no, wobetumi adua nnua a ɛwɔ nkuku mu wɔ bere biara mu, nanso wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini no, eye sɛ wɔtwɛn kosi awɔw bere awiei anaa asusow bere mfiase. Key Lime dua no yɛ adwuma yiye wɔ mmeae a owia bɔ hɔ, asase a nsu kɔ mu yiye, mframa a ɛbɔ hɔ yiye, ne ahobammɔ a efi mframa a ano yɛ den ho. Esiane sɛ ne ntini nwini nti, wodua Key lime wɔ nsraban mu anaa asase a ɛyɛ abo a wɔasiesie no so na ama ntini no atena hɔ yiye na aboa nnua no ma mframa ntumi mfa wɔn. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔtoto nnua no so na wɔto so sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a mframa bɛba mu yiye na owia ahyerɛn pii. Eyi ma ahenkyɛw no mu tew yiye, na ɛma ɛyɛ yiye sɛ wobetwa aba no, na ɛmma mmoawa a ɛde gummosis ba no ho ntɔ wɔn.
Otwa adwuma
Ɔkwan a wɔfa so dua no nya nnɔbae no dodow ne ne su so nkɛntɛnso kɛse. Nnua a wonyin fi nnuaba mu no di mfe 4 kosi 8 ansa na wɔatumi atwa nnɔbae. Wonya wɔn nnɔbae dodow no ara bere a wɔadi bɛyɛ mfe 10 no. Nnua a wotwa fi nnua so ne mframa mu a wɔhyehyɛ so no sow aba ntɛm, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛsow aba (nanso ɛnyɛ nnɔbae kɛse) wɔ afe a wodua akyi. Ɛgye bɛyɛ asram 9 ansa na nhwiren no afi nhwiren no mu aba. Sɛ nnuaba no nyin bɛyɛ akɛse a wobetumi atwa na efi ase yɛ kɔkɔɔ a, wɔtwa, na wɔntwa no. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wunya nnɔbae a ɛsom bo paa wɔ gua so a, ɛho hia sɛ wuntwa nnuaba no ntɛm ntɛm; saa bere no na turgor no yɛ kɛse, na nnuaba a ɛyɛ turgid no yɛ adwuma a, ɛma nnuaba no mu ngo a ɛwɔ ne peel no gu ma etumi sɛe.
Nkɔso a ɛba bere a wɔatwa
Bere tenten a Key limes betumi adi no yɛ ade titiriw a ɛsɛ sɛ wosusuw ho wɔ aguadi mu. Nkyea no so yɛ frɔmfrɔm bere tenten wɔ otwa no akyi, na wɔtaa kora no wɔ 12.5 ne 15.5 °C (55 - 60 °F) ne 75 - 85% mu. Wɔde akwan pɔtee bi di dwuma de hwɛ sɛnea nnua no so bɛtra; sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔde nnua a ɛma ɛsow yiye, nnuaba ho nhwiren, nnuru a wɔde kum ntontom, ade a ɛma emu yɛ nwini yiye, kalsium mu nneɛma, dwetɛ nitrate, ne nneɛma a wɔde hyɛ nkuku mu a ɛyɛ soronko di dwuma. Wͻpɛ sɛ wͻkora wͻ hͻ a ne hͻn yɛ 9 - 10 °C (48 - 50 °F) na wͻwͻ hͻn wͻ hͻ a wͻboro 85%, nanso wͻ tebea pa mu mpo no, wͻhwere pii wͻ bere a wͻatow aba no akyi.
Wɔ India no, wɔn a wɔyɛ nkyenenkyene titiriw no mu dodow no ara yɛ akuafo nketenkete a wɔnnya nnɔbae a wotwa wie no ho nneɛma a ɛte saa no bi, nanso akwan a wɔfa so yɛ ho adwuma no betumi aboa. Ade biako a wotumi yɛ no yiye ne sɛ wɔde kokonmono ngo bɛkata so ama ne ho ayɛ yiye, na ama Key limes anya baabi a ɛbɛtra bere nyinaa. Wɔnoa limes kɔkɔɔ wɔ nkyene mu na wɔoma so. Kaseɛ yɛ aduhuam a wɔtaa de di dwuma wɔ Mediterranea Apuei fam.
Nkɔso
Nnɔbae a wonya no gyina nnua no mfe so. Nnua a wɔadua no mfe anum kosi ason betumi ama nnɔbae bɛyɛ 6 ton/ha (2.7 ton/ha), na nnɔbae a wotwa no kɔ soro nkakrankakra kosi sɛ ebedu bɛyɛ 12 - 18 t/ha (5.4 - 8 ton/ha). Nnua a ɛreyɛ aba no gye bere pii ansa na wɔatumi anya nnɔbae pii, nanso awiei koraa no, ɛso sen nnua a wɔde aba no.
Wɔ amammerɛ mu.
Key Lime afahyɛ a wɔdi no afe biara wɔ Key West, Florida no, wɔdi no afe biara fi afe 2002 mu wɔ Independence Day dapɛn awiei, na ɛyɛ afahyɛ a wɔdi Key limes wɔ nnuan, anonne, ne amammerɛ mu, a wɔtwe adwene si Key lime pie so kɛse.
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Eugenia aromatica
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Krɔɔs yɛ nnua bi a ɛwɔ abusua Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum (/sɪˈzɪdʒiːəm ˌærəˈmætɪkəm/) mu nhwiren a ɛyɛ huamhuam. Wonya fi Maluku Islands, anaa Moluccas, wɔ Indonesia, na wɔtaa de di dwuma sɛ nnuhwam, nnuhwam, anaa aduhuam wɔ nneɛma te sɛ toothpaste, sesee, anaa ntade mu. Nkyea gu hɔ afe no nyinaa esiane nnɔbae bere a ɛsono wɔ aman ahorow mu nti.
Etymology.
Asɛmfua clove, a wɔde dii dwuma wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu wɔ afeha a ɛto so 15 mu no, fi Middle English clow of gilofer, Anglo-French clowes de gilofre ne Old French clou de girofle, a efi Latin asɛmfua clavus "nail" mu. Engiresi asɛmfua gillyflower, a mfitiase no na ɛkyerɛ "nnuaba" no fi via Old French girofle ne Latin caryophyllon, a efi Greek karyophyllon "nnuaba", a nea ɛkyerɛ ankasa ne "nnuaba".
Nkyerɛkyerɛmu.
Nkyea dua no yɛ dua a ɛso yɛ frɔmfrɔm a ne tenten yɛ mita 8 - 12 (26 -39 ft), a n'ahaban akɛse ne nhwiren kɔkɔɔ a wɔakyekyere wɔn ho wɔ nnua no mu. Mfitiase no, nhwiren no yɛ tuntum, na nkakrankakra no dan ahabammono, na sɛ bere adu sɛ wotwa a, na adan kɔla kɔkɔɔ. Wɔtwetwe nnuaba a ne tenten yɛ sɛntimita 1.5 - 2 (5⁄8 - 3⁄4 mu), na ɛwɔ kuruwa tenten bi a ne ntini yɛ anan, ne nhwiren anan a wɔntwetwee mu a ɛbom yɛ amansan ketewa bi. Nkyea no yɛ nkyea nketenkete a ɛwɔ nhwiren no mu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ne nhwiren no mu akyekyɛ. Wɔn anim yɛ kɔkɔɔ, wɔn anim yɛ atɛkyɛ, na wɔn anim yɛ ntontom, na wɔn anim yɛ ntontom kakra, na wɔn anim yɛ nnua. Ananthophylli yɛ nnuaba a abere a ɛwɔ nnuaba mu a ɛyɛ egg, brown berries, unilocular ne one-seeded. Nhwiren a ahyehyew no yɛ nhwiren a ahyehyew ne nhwiren a ahyehyew no nyinaa afi mu. Sɛ wotwa nnuaba a wɔagugu mu a, wɔtwe ngo no fa kɛse no ara fi mu. Wonni ngo, na wɔn kɔla yɛ kusuu.
Nea wɔde di dwuma.
Wɔde nkateɛ di dwuma wɔ Asia, Afrika, Mediterranea, ne Near ne Use Middle East aman nnuan mu, na ɛma nam (te sɛ ham a wɔato), curry, ne marinade, ne nnuaba yɛ dɛ te sɛ aduaba, aduaba, ne rhubarb). Wobetumi de nnuhwam agu nsa a ɛyɛ hyew mu, na wɔtaa de nnuhwam ne asikre ka ho. Wɔyɛ nneɛma a wɔtaa de ka nnuan ahorow ho (te sɛ Malay rempah empat beradik -"nnepa nnuan anan" - a ɛyɛ kanea, kardamom ne nsoromma anise ka ho, a nea ɛka ho ne aburokyiri mu nnuhwam ne nnuhwam. Wɔ Mexicofo nnuan mu no, wɔfrɛ no clavos de olor, na wɔtaa de kumin ne sinamɔn ka ho. Wɔsan de di dwuma wɔ Perufo nnuan ahorow mu, te sɛ carapulcra ne arroz con leche. Eugenol yɛ nnuhwam bi a ɛma nnuhwam no yɛ dɛ, na nnuhwam no dodow a ehia no sua. Ɛne sinamɔn, afasebiri, vanilla, bobesa kɔkɔɔ, basil, aduaba, citrus ho nhwi, nsoromma anise, ne atoko kɔkɔɔ bom yɛ papa.
Nneɛma a ɛnyɛ nnuan a wɔde noa aduan
Mpɛn pii no, wɔde ka betel quids ho de hyɛ ne hua no mu den bere a wɔrenoa no. Wɔde nnuhwam no yɛ sigaret bi a wɔfrɛ no kretek wɔ Indonesia. Na wɔnom nnuhwam sigaret wɔ Europa, Asia, ne United States nyinaa. Seesei wɔ United States no, wɔde nnuhwam a wɔde yɛ sigaret no toto sigaret a wɔde nnuhwam ayɛ a wɔabara no ho wɔ September 2009 mu. Wobetumi de krasin ngo adi dwuma de asiw ntontom a enyin wɔ nnuan ahorow mu no kwan. Wɔ nnɔbaeɛ a ɛnnyɛ nnuane a wɔde di dwuma yi akyi no, wɔde di dwuma de bɔ nnua ho ban wɔ amammerɛ mu agyapadeɛ ho ban mu, na wɔdaa no adi sɛ nnɔbaeɛ a ɛwɔ nnɔbaeɛ a ɛwɔ nnɔbaeɛ mu no yɛ adwuma yie sen boron a wɔde di dwuma de bɔ nnua ho ban. Sɛ wɔde nnuhwam bi ne aprɛ ka ho a, wotumi de nnuhwam no yɛ pomander. Sɛ wɔde pomander a ɛte saa ma sɛ akyɛde wɔ Victoria bere so wɔ England a, na ɛkyerɛ nkate a emu yɛ hyew.
Aduru a wobetumi de adi dwuma wɔ ayaresa mu ne nsunsuanso bɔne a ebetumi aba U.S..
. Aduane ne Nnuro Adwumakuo no mmaa kwan sɛ wɔde nnuhwam no di dwuma sɛ aduro, na sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ akwahosan mu yare, mogya a ɛrehyehye ne wɔn akwahosan a ɛko tia nyarewa, anaa aduan a wɔn ani nnye ho di no de di a, ebetumi ama wɔn ani awu. Wɔde nkwanomam yɛ adwuma wɔ atetesɛm mu sɛ ngo a ɛho hia, a wɔde di dwuma sɛ anodyne (aduru) titiriw wɔ nsonoe a ɛda . Adanse bi wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ eugenol a ɛwɔ nnuaba ngo mu no yɛ adwuma wɔ ɛyaw a ɛrehaw ɔtwɛre ne ɛyaw afoforo mu, na nhwehwɛmu bi nso kyerɛe sɛ eugenol ne zinc oxide a wɔde di dwuma sɛ ano aduru wɔ alveolar osteitis mu no yɛ adwuma yiye. Nnuane mu ngo tumi siw Enterococcus faecalis mmoawa a ɛtaa ba wɔ ntini mu yare mu no kwan. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe sɛ wɔbɛhu sɛ ɛboa ma ɔyare no ano brɛ ase, na ɛboa ma ɔtwe ntontom ase, na ɛboa ma wɔkwati sɛ obi bɛhwe ase ntɛm no nyɛ papa. Wontumi nkyerɛ sɛ mogya mu asikre so tumi ba fam wɔ nnɔbaabere anaa nnɔbaabere ngo so de ngo a ɛho hia no adi dwuma wɔ nnuhwam mu.
Abakɔsɛm.
Ɛde besii nnasepɔ mu mmere mu no, na nsupɔw kakraa bi a ɛwɔ Moluccas (wɔ abakɔsɛm mu no, wɔfrɛ no Spice Islands) so na nnɔbae nyin, a Bacan, Makian, Moti, Ternate, ne Tidore ka ho. Nnua bi a wɔfrɛ no Afo a abenfo gye di sɛ ɛno ne nnua a akyɛ paa wɔ wiase wɔ Ternate no betumi adi mfe 350 -400. Austronesianfo na wɔdii kan de nnuhwam yɛɛ adwuma wɔ po so aguadi mu (a ɛfii ase bɛyɛ afe 1500 A.Y.B. mu, na akyiri yi ɛbɛyɛɛ Po so Silk Road ne Spice Trade no fa). Nhwɛso a edi kan a ɛda adi wɔ nnɔbae ho nnɛ no fi Madagascar apuei fam mpoano, na wɔdua wɔ akwan abiɛsa so, monoculture, kuayɛ, ne agroforestry systems. Wɔn a wotutu fam hwehwɛ tetefo nneɛma mu a wɔfrɛ wɔn Giorgio Buccellati huu nnuhwam bi wɔ fie bi a na wɔato mu gya wɔ 1720 A.Y.B. mu wɔ Terqa, Syria. Eyi ne adanse a edi kan a ɛkyerɛ sɛ na wɔde krasin yɛ adwuma wɔ atɔe fam ansa na Roma mmere reba. Wodii kan bɔɔ ho amanneɛ wɔ afe 1978 mu. Woduu Roma wɔ afeha a edi kan Y.B. mu. Nhwehwɛmufo a wɔhwehwɛɛ tetefo nneɛma mu ahu nnuaba bi wɔ Sri Lanka, a wɔde bɛyɛ 900 -1100 A.Y.B. na ɛyɛe. Sɛ yɛhwɛ China abakɔsɛm a ɛwɔ Song Ahennie (960 to 1279 AD) mu a, na wɔde nnua firi Moluccas no na ɛtu kwan. 36] Wɔkyerɛw nnuaba ho nsɛm wɔ China, Sri Lanka, India Anafo fam, Persia, ne Oman wɔ afeha a ɛto so abiɛsa kosi afeha a ɛto so abien A.Y.B. mu. Nsɛm a wɔka fa "nkyea" ho wɔ China, South Asia, ne Middle East no fi ansa na wɔrehyɛ po so aguadi ase wɔ Asia anafo fam apuei. Nanso eyinom nyinaa yɛ mfomfode a ɛfa afifide afoforo ho (te sɛ cassia ntini, sinamɔn, anaa nutmeg); anaa wɔde fi Po Southeast Asia bae a wɔadi mfomso akyerɛ sɛ efi saa mmeae yi. Wɔn a wotutu fam hwehwɛ tetefo nneɛma mu no nyaa ntɛtea a akyɛ paa wɔ Europa atifi fam atɔe fam wɔ Gribshunden a na ɛyɛ po so hyɛn a na ɛbɔ Danish-Norwegian no mu. Po so hyɛn no sɛee wɔ June 1495 mu bere a na Ɔhene Hans rekɔ Sweden amanyɔsɛm nhyiam bi ase no. Na agude ahorow a ɛyɛ fɛ a ebi ne nkate, ginger, ne saffron no bɛhyɛ ahemfo ne asɔre mpanyimfo a wɔwɔ nhyiam no ase no nkuran. Wɔ nnommumfa mmere mu no, na wɔtɔn nnuaba te sɛ ngo, na na wɔhyɛ nnuaba a wɔde kɔ amannɔne no so. Bere a Dutch East India Company nyaa nnuhwam aguadi so tumi wɔ afeha a ɛto so 17 no mu no, wɔbɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wobenya nnuhwam so tumi te sɛ nea na wɔwɔ nnuhwam so tumi no. Nanso, "sɛnea na nnua a wɔfrɛ no nutmeg ne mace, a na ɛwɔ Bandas nketewa no mu no, na nnua a wɔfrɛ no clove no wɔ Moluccas nyinaa, na na nnua a wɔfrɛ no clove no ho aguadi nni tumi biara wɔ polisi adwuma no mu". Wɔka kyerɛ akwantufo sɛ Frenchni bi a wɔfrɛ no Pierre Poivre na owiaa nnua yi so aba wɔ 1770 mu, na ɔde kɔɔ Isle de France (Mauritius), na akyiri yi ɔde kɔɔ Zanzibar, a bere bi na ɛyɛ nnua a ɛso sen biara wɔ wiase no.Nnɛyi nnipa a wɔdi anim wɔ nnɔbaeɛ mu ne Indonesia, Madagascar, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, ne Comoros. Indonesia ne ɔman a ɛso sen biara a ɛbɔ nnuaba pii, nanso nnuaba kakraa bi pɛ na ɛbɔ no, na ɛno bɛyɛ ɔman no nnuaba dodow no mu 10 - 15%. Mpɛn pii no ɛsɛ sɛ wɔtɔ nnɔbae fi Madagascar de di wɔn ahiade ho dwuma.
Nnua a wɔde yɛ nnuru.
Eugenol yɛ 72 - 90% a wͻde wͻ ngo a wͻtwe firi nkwan mu, na ɛno na wͻde wͻ nkwan mu huam no. Nsu a wɔde hyɛ mu wɔ 125 °C (257 °F) mu no, wɔtwetwe no koraa wɔ simma 80 mu. Ultrasound-a-boa ne microwave-a-boa akwan a wɔfa so nya no ma wonya no ntɛmntɛm wɔ ahoɔden a ɛsom bo mu. Nkorabata mu nnuru afoforo bi ne acetyl eugenol, beta-caryophyllene, vanillin, crategolic acid, tannins, te sɛ bicornin,gallotannic acid, methyl salicylate, flavonoids eugenin, kaempferol, rhamnetin, ne eugenitin, triterpenoids te sɛ oleanolic acid, stigmasterol, ne campesterol ne sesquiterpenes bebree. Ɛwom sɛ eugenol no ankyerɛ ne nsunsuanso a ebetumi de aba no, nanso wɔdaa no adi sɛ ɛyɛ nsunsuanso ma abɔde a wɔsɔ hwɛ no wɔ nsunsuanso a ɛne 50, 75, ne 100 mg/liter mu.
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Landolphia dulcis
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Landolphia dulcis yɛ nnua bi a ɛwɔ Apocynaceae abusua mu. Ɛtaa ba Afrika Atɔe fam, fi Senegal kɔsi Nigeria, wɔsan hu wɔ Central Afrika, ne titiriw, Gabon ne Angola.
Nkyerɛkyerɛmu.
Saa nnua yi tumi nyin bɛyɛ mita 5 sɛ nnua bi a ɛso yɛ den, na ɛtumi nyin bɛyɛ mita 10 sɛ nhwiren. N'ahaban, n'ahaban no yɛ tenten 2-17 mm; n'ahaban no yɛ nkesua a ɛboro so, n'ahaban no yɛ nkesua a ɛboro so, n'ahaban no yɛ nkesua a ɛboro so bere a ne nnyinaso yɛ cordate to cuneate. Ne nhwiren no yɛ nkatabo, na nhwiren no mu biara wɔ nhwiren 1 kosi 3, ne nhwiren no tenten yɛ mm 0.5-5.5, ne nhwiren no tenten yɛ mm 0.1-3.1. N'ahaban yɛ nnuhwam, ne nhwiren yɛ ahabammono, kɔkɔɔ anaa kɔkɔɔ, ne tenten yɛ mmramma 2-2.9 a emu nhwiren yɛ 4 anaa 5. Ɛtaa yɛ kɔkɔɔ, akokɔsrade, kɔkɔɔ, krema anaa kɔkɔɔ. Aba no yɛ nkatabo, 5-50 a aba no yɛ ahabammono, abereɛ, akokɔsrade anaa kɔkɔɔ a sɛ wɔtwa a ɛdan tuntum anaa kɔkɔɔ.
Aduruyɛ.
Nsu a ɛwɔ saa dua yi mu no yɛ sesquiterpenes.
Sɛnea wɔde di dwuma.
Nhabamma ne nnua a wɔtwe fi nnua no nhwiren mu no ka nnuru a wɔn a wɔhwɛ afifide ho adwuma no de sa yare a ɛyɛ yaw, honam yaw, ne ntontom no ho. N'aba no yɛ aduan a nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ no di. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wɔde latex yɛ nnomaa ntontom.
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Nesogordonia papaverifera
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Nesogordonia papaverifera yɛ afifide bi a ɛsow aba. Wɔ abakɔsɛm mu no, na ɛwɔ Sterculiaceae abusua no mu, na wɔde kaa Malvaceae abusua no ho wɔ APG ne nea edi hɔ no. Wonya wɔ Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, ne Sierra Leone. Ɛreyɛ ayɛ ade a ɛho hia esiane baabi a ɛyera no nti.
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Flagellaria guineensis
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Flagellaria yɛ abusua a ɛwɔ Flagellariaceae abusua mu a ɛwɔ nnua ahorow anum pɛ. Abakɔsɛm mu no, nnipa kakraa bi a wɔn ani gye taxonomy ho na wɔahu abusua no. APG II nhyehyɛe, a wɔyɛɛ no afe 2003 mu no (a ɛnsesae wɔ APG nhyehyɛe, 1998 mu no), gye abusua a ɛte saa tom, na ɔde hyɛ Poales mu wɔ commelinids, wɔ monocots mu.
Flagellaria gu mmia ahodoɔ ahodoɔ anum pɛ a wonim no, na ɛwɔ Asia, Afrika, Australia, ne Pacific ne India Po mu nsupɔw ahodoɔ so.
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Copywriting
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Copywriting yɛ adwinni ne nyansahu a wɔde yɛ nsɛm a wɔakyerɛw a wɔn botae ne sɛ wɔbɛkanyan ɔkenkanfo no ma wayɛ ade pɔtee bi, te sɛ adetɔ, krataa a ɔde bɛhyɛ nneɛma a wɔahyehyɛ mu, anaasɛ ɔde ne ho bɛhyɛ ade anaa adwuma bi mu, denam kasa a ɛkanyan adwene na ɛkanyan adwene so.
Ɔkyerɛwfo dwumadi hwehwɛ sɛ ɔyɛ nsɛm a ɛkanyan adwene a ɛfata atiefo a wɔde wɔn ani asi wɔn so no ahiade, de ahyɛnsode no nne hyɛ mu, na ɔma ɛyɛ papa ma wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu ne hwehwɛ a wohu nyinaa, na wɔnam saayɛ so de adwumayɛ botae ahorow kɔ so.
Atiefo Ntease.
Atiefo no ntease ne ade a edi kan a ɛbɛma wɔayɛ mfonini a etu mpɔn. Saa ɔfa yi hwehwɛ akwan a wɔfa so yɛ nhwehwɛmu na wɔhwehwɛ atiefo dodow, nneyɛe, ne nea wɔpɛ mu.
Botae Ho Ɔkasamu.
Saa ɔfa yi ka sɛnea wɔbɛka mfaso a ɛwɔ ade anaa ɔsom adwuma bi so pefee na ɛyɛ den ho asɛm, na esi mfaso soronko a ɛwɔ so ma nea ɔde di dwuma no so dua.
Brand Nne ne Ɛnne.
Wɔahwehwɛ hia a ɛho hia sɛ wɔkura brand nne ne ɛnne a ɛkɔ so daa wɔ copy nyinaa mu de ahyɛ brand identity mu den na wɔama ahotoso a wɔwɔ wɔ atiefo mu no mu wɔ ha.
Akyerɛw Ho Akwan ne Nsɛm a Wɔtwetwe.
Saa ɔfa yi hwehwɛ adwinni a wɔde kyerɛw nsɛm a ɛkanyan adwene mu, na ɛtwe adwene si akwan te sɛ abasɛm a wɔka, tumi nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma, ne nkɛntɛnso nnyinasosɛm ahorow so.
Asɛmti ne Asɛmti Ntrɛwmu Adebɔ.
Wɔaka adwinni a wɔde kyerɛw nsɛmti ne nsɛmti a ɛtwetwe adwene a ɛhyɛ akenkan a ɛkɔ akyiri ho nkuran ho asɛm wɔ ha.
Ɔfrɛ a Wɔde Kɔ Adwuma (CTA) ..
Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ CTA ahorow a etu mpɔn a ɛkanyan akenkanfo ma wɔyɛ nneɛma pɔtee bi, a ɛma nsakrae dodow kɔ soro.
Nsɛm a ɛwɔ mu no nhyehyɛe ne ne nhyehyɛe.
Saa ɔfa yi twe adwene si nsɛm a wɔhyehyɛ ma akenkan ne nea wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu, de nsɛmti, atuo nsɛntitiriw, ne nneɛma a wɔde aniwa hu di dwuma.
Sɔhwɛ ne Nneɛma a Wɔyɛ no Yiye.
Wɔhwehwɛ dwuma a A/B sɔhwɛ ne data nhwehwɛmu di wɔ copy a wɔtew so ma ɛyɛ adwuma yiye no mu.
Mmara ne Abrabɔ Pa Ho Nsusuwii.
Mmara ne abrabɔ pa gyinapɛn ahorow a ɛwɔ nkyerɛwee a wɔkyerɛw mu no ho nsɛm a wɔaka abom, a mmara a ɛfa mfoniniyɛ ho ne hia a ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ nneɛma a ɛda adi pefee ka ho.
Adaptation Across Platforms.
Saa ɔfa yi ka sɛnea wɔbɛsakra copywriting akwan ama platform ahorow, efi wɛb nsɛm so kosi social media ne email marketing so.
Nkate mu Anigyede.
Sɛnea wɔbɛhwehwɛ sɛnea wɔne atiefo di nkitaho wɔ nkate fam de nya wɔn gyinaesi nhyehyɛe so nkɛntɛnso.
Nhwehwɛmu ne Nhwehwɛmu Ho Nimdeɛ.
Wɔaka hia a ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu ne nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ wɔ gua, akansi, ne sɛnea mfonini a wɔyɛ no tu mpɔn ho ntease mu wɔ ha.
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Carapa procera
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Carapa procera, a wɔfrɛ no African crabwood, yɛ dua bi a ɛwɔ "Carapa" abusua mu, ɛfiri Afrika Atɔeɛ fam mmeaɛ a nsuo tɔ na owia bɔ kɛseɛ ne Amazon kwaeɛ mu, na wɔde baa Vietnam. Atumfoɔ binom akyekyɛ Amerika Anaafo Fam nnipa no mu ayɛ wɔn ankasa mmoa ahodoɔ, "Carapa surinamensis" . Wɔboaboa nnuaba no ano denneennen wɔ wuram de hwehwɛ wɔn ngo, kwaeɛ mu ade a ɛnyɛ nnua. Wɔ Afrika mmeaɛ a nsuo tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse no, mmoa ahodoɔ no rekɔ asiane mu kɛseɛ.
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Petersianthus
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Petersianthus yɛ dua afifideɛ abusua bi a ɛwɔ Lecythidaceae abusua mu a wodii kan kaa ho asɛm sɛ abusua wɔ 1865 mu wɔ edin "Petersia" ase. Eyi bɛyɛɛ asɛmfua a ɛne ne ho di nsɛ a mmara mma ho kwan, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ na obi foforo de adi dwuma deda de akyerɛ afifideɛ soronko koraa. Enti wɔsesaa saa mmoa ahodoɔ yi a wɔwɔ Lecythidaceae no din yɛɛ no "Petersianthus" . Ɛfiri Philippines ne Afrika mmeaeɛ bi. Nnomaa ahodoɔ mmienu a ɛdidi so yi ka saa abusua yi ho, na nnomaa mmienu no nyinaa mfitiaseɛ din no yɛ nea wonim no nnɛ sɛ abusua Combretaceae no mu.
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Marvin Ávila Jr
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Marvin Alexander avila Veliz Junior (wɔwoo no Ɔbɛnem 17, 2008) yɛ Guatemala bɔɔlbɔfoɔ. Ɔbɔfo a wobu no sɛ mmerante ne mmabaa agodifo a wɔhyɛ bɔ sen biara wɔ ne man mu no mu biako na ɔyɛ obi a ɔbɔ bɔɔl titiriw wɔ ɔman kuw no mmabun mu no adi nkonim mprɛnsa wɔ UNCAF Central American Tournament mu.
Asetra mu nsɛm.
Mfiase no.
Wɔwoo avila wɔ Oforisuo 17, 2008 wɔ Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción.Ɔyɛ awareɛ a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ Marvin avila ne Yuri Véliz ntam no ba.Ne papa a wɔtoo no din "Titiman" yɛ bɔɔlbɔfoɔ na ɔyɛ bɔɔlbɔfoɔ a wɔyɛ papa wɔ ne man mu no mu baako .Saa ara nso na Ɔyɛ Candido Macabi Véliz, a ɔyɛ National League agodini wɔ 1970 ne 1980 mfe no mu wɔ Juventud Retalteca, Antigua ne Izabal no banana N’abusua a wofi Izabal na wofi Garifuna abusua mu no wɔ Livingston, kurow bi a ɛbɛn nsu kwan a ɛwɔ dwumadibea no ahenkurow Puerto Barrios mu fi bere a edi kan a ɔbɔɔ bɔɔl no, na ɔpɛ sɛ ɔbɔ bɔɔl a ɛyɛ hu.
Efi bere a edi kan a ɔbɔɔ bɔɔl no, na ɔpɛ sɛ ɔde ne ho hyɛ bɔɔl a ɛyɛ abufuw mu. Nea edi kan a ɔne bɔɔlbɔ wiase no dii nkitaho no sii wɔ afe 2014 mu, na ɔka El Bosque kuw a ɛwɔ ne mpɔtam hɔ no ho. Bere a odii mfe akron no ofii ase wɔ Azucareros mmabun adesua mu, na ɔde nkakrankakra tetee ne ho wɔ Cartogua Adesuabea kosii sɛ oduu Santa Lucía Cotzumalguapa kuw a ɛto so abien no mu. Bere a ɔtetee no wiei no, odii agoru bi wɔ kuw a edi kan no mu wɔ April 8, 2023.
Ɔman a wɔpaw wɔn.
Sɛ́ Guatemala amanaman ntam akansifo no, wagyina ne man ananmu wɔ amanaman ntam akansi ahorow mu. Wɔ mmabun gyinabea no, wɔ afe 2023 mu no, ɔne U-15 kuw no de wɔn ho hyɛɛ South American Championship mu wɔ Dominican Republic na odii nkonim wɔ Uncaf Tournament of the category wɔ Costa Rica, akansi a owiee sɛ obi a ɔbɔ bɔɔl a ɔsen biara ne nea ɔbɔ bɔɔl sen biara, wɔ afe 2024 mu ne U-16 kuw no Wɔsan bɔɔ no dawuru sɛ ɔyɛ ɔkannifo ne nea ɔbɔɔ bɔɔl wɔ akansi no mu, na ɔne U-20 no, na ɔyɛ ɔkannifo wɔ Uncaf Akansi no mu, a na ɔbɛdi dwuma wɔ n’ankorankoro agodie no mu biako mu.
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Trichilia monadelpha
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Trichilia yɛ nhwiren a ɛwɔ abusua Meliaceae mu. Saa afifide yi gu ahorow titiriw wɔ Afrika a ɛwɔ Sahara anafo fam ne Amerika anafo fam mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew no.
Wɔde nnua ahorow bi di dwuma wɔ nnipa aduruyɛ ne shamanism mu te sɛ T. rubescens ko tia atiridiinini, T. tocacheana yɛ ade a ɛma nnipa yɛ adaeso, na T. catigua yɛ ade a ɛma nnipa nya akɔnnɔ ne nkate bɔne. T. emetica dua, a wɔsan frɛ no Natal mahogany anaa Cape mahogany no ne dua a wɔtaa de yɛ nneɛma nketenkete wɔ Mozambique. Trichilia dregeana, anaa kwae mu mahogany nso yɛ nnua, na wɔde yɛ ahoni, Afrika nnwom nnwinnade, afie mu nnwinnade, ntade, mpɔmpɔ ne akorow nso.
Nnua ahorow a wɔapa
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Treculia africana
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Treculia africana yɛ dua a ɛwɔ abusua Treculia mu a wobetumi de ayɛ aduan ne nneɛma foforo a wɔde di dwuma. Aba no yɛ den na ɛwowɔ ntini, ne kɛse te sɛ volleyball, na emu duru tumi yɛ kilogram 8.5 (19 lb). Wɔahunu sɛ wɔn a wɔn ho yɛ hyew no tumi de nnwinnade bubu aba no mu yɛ nketenkete a wobetumi adi. Aba no wɔ polyphenols.
Sɛnea wɔkyerɛ no ne baabi a efiri.
Treculia africana yɛ dua bi a wɔfrɛ no African breadfruit (Tanzania, Zambia, Uganda, USA), breadfruit (Nigeria), wild jackfruit (Tanzania, Uganda), ne African boxwood (Malawi). Din pii na wɔde ama saa nnua yi wɔ Igbo kasa mu wɔ Nigeria anafo fam, nanso nea ɛtaa yɛ no ne ukwa; French (arbre a pain d ⁇ Afrique); Luganda (muzinda); Swahili (mwaya); Wolof (brebretim). T. africana no atrɛw wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam ne Afrika Mfinimfini fam. Mmoa yi tumi nyin wɔ asase a ɛbɛn po so mita 1,500 ase.
Nnua a ɛwɔ hɔ.
T. africana yɛ dua kɛse bi a ɛwɔ Moraceae abusua mu. Ɛyɛ afifide a ɛwo wɔ nkura ne kwae mu. Saa nnua no tenten betumi adu mita 30 (98 ft). N'abo no mu trɛw betumi adu mita 6. N'abedua no yɛ nsonso, na ne mu yɛ krema. Nhabamma no yɛ akɛse, na ne kɔla yɛ kɔkɔɔ kɔkɔɔ wɔ soro, na emu tew wɔ ase. Nnua ahorow no yɛ abien (nnipa a wɔtete nnua ahorow so) anaa ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ biako. N'ahaban no gu afa abien; ne nhwiren no yɛ ntokuru (a ɛkyekyere nhwiren no). Nhwiren no yɛ nea ne nyinaa yɛ ɔbea ne ɔbarima, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ abien, anaa ɛyɛ nkatabo, na ɛwɔ nhaban ase anaa nnua ne nkorabata a akyɛ no so. Nhwiren (mmea) a ɛyɛ nketenkete no kyekyere ade kɛse bi a wɔde si mu (pa aba) no ho. N'adua ba fi October kosi February. Aba no yɛ kɛse, ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, na ɛyɛ ahabammono. Sɛ aba no yɛ frɔmfrɔm a, ɛyɛ frɔmfrɔm bere a abere no, na aba no wɔ aba pii, na ɛno ne aba no fa a wodi. Ɛdefa beae ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho no, wotumi twa aba afe mũ no nyinaa. Afrika abodoo aba yɛ aba kɛse a ne mu duru betumi adu kilogram 8.5. Wubetumi adi nnuaba akɛse a aba wɔ mu yi nyinaa. Nanso, wɔtaa tɔ wɔn na wɔtõ de di sopa, atõ ne ɛmo ne ɛmo, aburosiam ne yam. Wodi aba no mu aba no mpɛn pii sen aba no, na wɔde yɛ ⁇ ukwa ⁇ porridge, a Ibofo a wɔwɔ Nigeria anafo fam apuei no bu no sɛ ɛyɛ nnuan pa. Wobetumi nso aboro aba no ayɛ emu dɔte de ayɛ paanoo, pasta, ne aduan a wɔde ma nkokoaa, anaa wobetumi apampam no ma afi mu aba ngo a wodi. Wotumi de aba no mu nsu yɛ anonne.
Wonya wɔ Afrika nyinaa wɔ aman te sɛ Nigeria, Angola, Zambia, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire ne Senegal.
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Victoria Osei
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Vctoria Osei yɛ Ghanani a yɛ woo no wɔ Ghana Man yi mu. Yɛ woo no wɔ bo Kitawonsa bosme no mu ne da a ɛtɔso aduasa wɔ mfei mpem mmiemu ne mmienu no mu ( July 30th 2002).
Abakwasɛm.
Osei yɛ abaayiwa a yɛ woo no wɔ Ghana man yi mu a ɔyɛ Ghanani. wɔ mfei mpem mmienu ne mmienu no mu na ɔwoo saa abaayiwa yi wɔ bosome Kitawonsa no mu. ɔyɛ ɔbaa bi a ne dwuma a ɔdie ɛne bɔɔlubɔ ɛno nti ɔyɛ okununi wɔ bɔɔlubɔ mu a ɔdi ne dwuma sɛ bɔɔlubɔni wɔ Ɔman Ghana mu. Ɔyɛ ɔbaa bɔɔlubɔ okununi wɔ Ghana man mu a ɔsi nakae wɔ mmaa bɔɔlubɔ akansie no mu wɔ Ghana. Wɔ agoropramasoɔ saa ɔbaa yi bɔ bɔɔlubɔ anaa wɔ akansie mu no ɔsi nakae wɔ mfinfini afam.
Bɔɔlubɔ kuo
Ɔbaa bɔɔlubɔ kununi yi bɔ bɔɔlu anaasɛ ɔsi nakae de ma mmaa bɔɔlubɔ kuo bi a ɛwɔ Ghana man mu a ɔfrɛ wɔn sɛ Apem Darkoa Mmaa bɔɔlubɔ kuo (Apem Darkoa Ladies FC). Wɔ bɔɔlubɔ akansie mu no ɔbɔ ne bɔɔlu no wɔ mfinfini afam wɔ agoropramaso. Wasi akae bebiree de ama ne bɔɔlubɔ kuo a ɔfrɛ wɔn sɛ Apem Darkoa Mmaa Bɔɔlubɔ kuo no wɔ Ghana mmaa bɔɔlubɔ ago kansie no mu. Wɔ Ɔman Ghana mmaa bɔɔlubɔ ago kansie mu no ɔgyina mfinfini afam wɔ agoprama no so na ɔsi nakae. Wasi akae ahodoɔ no ara de ama ne bɔɔlubɔ kuo no na ɛfiri mfei mpem mmienu ne aduonu mmienu de bɛ si mfei mpem mmienu ne aduonu mmiensa (2022 -2023) no mu no na wagyinamu asi akae de ama ne bɔɔlubɔ kuo no sima aduonu, ɔha ne aduokron nan (2194 minutes).
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CC (ɔkra) .
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CC, ma " " "anaa" " Carbon Copy " (Ɔpɛpɔn 22, 2001 – March 3, 2020), na ɔyɛ tabi agyinamoa (tabby) a n'ahosuo yɛ ahabanwuiɛ ne ho nwi yɛ tiatia fitaa ne efiboa ɔdi kan a wɔyɛeɛ. Abɔdeɛ mu nyansapɛfoɔ a wɔwɔ Texas A&M Sukuupɔn mu ne Genetic Savings & Clone Inc. na wɔka bɔɔ mu dii dwuma yi. Na CC maame a wɔde no si ananmu no yɛ agyinamoa, nanso na n’awosu mu ɔdemafoɔ, Rainbow, yɛ kaliko agyinamoa (calico) ne ho nwi yɛ atenten. Nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ nwi ahosuo mu wɔ CC ne Rainbow ntam no firi X-inactivation ne epigenetic dwumadie mu nsesaeɛ, a mpɛn pii no ɛba wɔ kosua a afa ba mu ansa na wɔde ahyɛ mu no.
Ɔpɛnima, 2006 mu no, CC woo nnyinamoa mma nnan. Nhwehwɛmubea kra foforɔ a wɔfrɛ no Smokey na ɔwoo nnyinamoa nketewa no fi awosu mu. Na mmarima mmienu a wɔfrɛ wɔn Tim ne Zip ne ɔbaa baako a wɔfrɛ no Tess ka ho. Wɔwoo agyinamoa ba foforɔ (ɔbaa) ma ɔwuiɛ. Wei ne berɛ a ɛdi kan a fiboa a wɔayɛ no tumi woeɛ. N'asetena nyinaa mu no, na ɛte sɛdeɛ CC nni apomuden ho haw ahorow a ɛnam mmoa afoforɔ yɛ so ba a asɔre wɔ mmoa afoforɔ yɛ mu no bi.."CC abɛyɛ agyinamoa kann na ne mma no nso tete saa ara," sɛdeɛ Shirley Kraemer, CC wura kyerɛ no. "Yɛahwɛ wɔn apomuden mmerɛ kakra yi mu na ɛda adi wɔn nyinaa ho yɛ, sedeɛ CC ayɛ mfeɛ nnum a atwam no."
Wɔ afe 2004 mu no, Genetic Savings ne Clone yɛɛ fiboa a ɛdi kan a wɔtumi tɔn, Maine Coon agyinamoa bi a wɔfrɛ no " Little Nicky " a wɔyɛɛ no firii fiboa a ɔyɛ agyinamoa a wadi mfeɛ 17 a wawu mu.
Wɔ Ɔbɛnem 3, 2020, CC wui berɛ a na wadi mfeɛ 18 wɔ College Station, Texas.
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Catster
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Catster yɛ Amerika Atifi fam nsɛmma nhoma a ɛba ɔsrane biara a wɔde ama nnyinamoa, nnyinamoa wuranom, ne wɔn a wɔtete nnyinamoa ne afei ntanɛso so beaeɛ a wɔde nsɛm ɛkɔ ma wɔn a wɔdɔ nnyinamoa to dwa. Dawubokuo foforɔ a ɛka wɔn ho ne Dogster, a ɛyɛ ntanɛte so beaeɛ ma wɔn a wɔdɔ nkra.
Wɔ Ahinime, 2023 mu no, Pangolia nyaa "Catster" mu abakɔsɛm ne "Dogster" ahyɛnsodeɛ ahodoɔ no firii Belvoir Media Group hɔ .
Abakɔsɛm.
"Catster" nam wɔn a wɔde "Dogster" baeɛ no so hyɛɛ aseɛ sɛ mpɔtam hɔ ntanɛte so bea a ɛfa nnyinamoa ho wɔ afe 2000 ahyɛaseɛ mu hɔ. Ted Rheingold ne Steven Reading na wɔyɛɛ mmeae no.
Bere a Ntanɛte so nnipa redɔɔso no, "Catster" ntanɛte so beaeɛ no de nsɛm ahorow pii a ɛfa nnyinamoa ho a agye abasobɔdeɛ afoforɔ pii too dwa, firi atekele a ɛma nsɛm pii a ɛfa nnyinamoa hwɛ ho so kɔsi ankorankoro nsɛm a ɛka akoma ne abasɛm ahorow a ɛfa nnyinamoa nsetena mu nsɛm ho so.
"Catster" ne "Dogster" ne PAWS Foundation yɛɛ adwuma bɔɔ mu de boaa America’s Favorite Pet mfonini akansie, afe afe ntanɛte so abatow akansie ne dwadie aporɔbɔ a ɛgyina biribi aso a asie so a ɛboa adwumayɛkuo a ɛnhwehwɛ mfasoɔ so no. Na nkonimboɔ kɛseɛ no yɛ asɛm bi a ɛwɔ "Catster" anaa "Dogster" nsɛmma nwoma mu ne sika dɔla 5,000.
Wɔ afe 2015 mu no, "Catster" nam Lumina Media so nyaa "Cat Fancy" nsɛmma nwoma na wɔsesaa nwoma no din yɛɛ no "Catster" nsɛmma nwoma. Berɛ a wɔreyɛ adwuma no, na "Cat Fancy" nwoma a wɔatintim no yɛ 155,000 afe biara.
"Cat Fancy".
Leslie Slawson-Smith tintimm "Cat Fancy" a ɛdi kan no de too dwa wɔ 1965 mu. Akyire yi no, BowTie Inc. (wɔsan hyehyɛɛ no sɛ I-5 Publishing ) na wotintimii. Na wɔde nsɛmma nwoma no mu biara maa nnyinamoa kuo bi , a wɔde too anim de kyerɛeɛ ne krataa bi a ɛwɔ mu so. Na nsɛmma nwoma no nso wɔ apomuden ho afotuo, nhwehwɛmu ahodoɔ, samufo nsɛm, nsɛm a agyinamoa wuranom twerɛeɛ, nnyinamoa nneɛma ho nsɛm, ntadehyɛ a ɛfa nnyinamoa ho, ne nnyinamoa mfonin fie, ne nneɛma afoforɔ.
"Cat Fancy" nsɛmma nhoma no akansifoɔ titire wɔ Amerika Atifi fam ne "Cats and Kittens" .
Afe 2007 mu no, wɔmaa "Cat Fancy" Certificates of Excellence Awards 14 wɔ Afe-afe Cat Writers’ Association Awards Banquet a ɛtɔ so 14 no ase.
SAY Media (mprempren ɛyɛ The Arena Group no fa) gyee nsɛmma nwoma no wɔ afe 2011 mu. Wɔdaa "Cat Fancy" nsɛmma nwoma a ɛtwa toɔ a wɔtintimiiɛ no wɔ Ɔgyefuo 2015 mu berɛ a Lumina Media nyaa "Cat Fancy" ne "Dog Fancy" (mprempren "Dogster" ). "Cat Fancy" nsɛmma nwoma sesaa ne din yɛɛ no "Catster" nsɛmma nwoma, na ɛbɛyɛɛ nsɛmma nwoma a ɛba ɔsrane mmienu biara mu wɔ afe 2015.
"Catster".
"Catster" de deɛ ɛdi kan a wɔatintim no too dwa wɔ Kotonima/Ayɛwohomummɔ 2015 mu. Afe 2017 mu no, Belvoir Media Group tɔɔ "Catster" ahyɛnsodeɛ no, na wɔkɔɔ so tintimm nsɛmma nwoma a wɔatintim no na wɔde ntanɛte so beaeɛ no dii dwuma. Belvoir Media Group de deɛ ɛtwa toɔ a wɔatintim no ne Obubuo/Ɔpɛnima 2023 deɛ no bɛto dwa, wɔ "Catster" ne "Dogster" ahyɛnsodeɛ a wɔtɔne maa Pangolia wɔ Ahinime 2023 akyi
"Catster" nwoma ahodoɔ anya abasobɔdeɛ pii, wɔ ntanɛte so ne deɛ wɔatintim nyinaa. Deɛ agye abasobɔdeɛ no bi ne:
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Hal Leonard
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Hal Leonard LLC (kane no na wɔfrɛ no Hal Leonard Corporation ) yɛ Amɛreka nnwom tintim ne ne kyɛ adwumakuo n'abɔseɛ firi Winona, Minnesota a Harold "Hal" Edstrom, ne nuabarima, Everett "Leonard" Edstrom, ne ne yɔnko nnwontoni, Roger Busdicker na wɔyɛ kɔfabae. Mprempren yi, adwumakuo no ti wɔ Milwaukee, Wisconsin, ɛno ne nnwom a wɔatwerɛ tintimfo a ɛso sene biara wɔ wiase. Mprempren yi, ɛka Muse Kuw no ho.
Adwumakuo no yɛ nnwom a wɔatwerɛ , nnwom nwoma, ne ɔkwan nwoma (a wɔde ɔdio ka ho) akuakuo, ne nnwontofoɔ kuo, ne nnwontofoɔ kuo nhyehyɛeɛ, mmoa nwoma ahodoɔ, akwankyerɛ ho, ne mfidie ahodoɔ a wɔde ka ho. Bio, wɔkyɛ nneɛma afoforɔ te sɛ Gibraltar, Gretsch Drums, Avid, Blue Microphones, ne afoforɔ pii. 1989 mu no, Hal Leonard tɔɔ Jenson Publications ne ne nnwontofoɔ kuo, ne nnwontoɔ kuo din ahodoɔ a wɔahyehyɛ no. 1995 mu no, Hal Leonard firii aseɛ kyɛɛ Homespun Music Instruction akwankyerɛ vidio ne nneɛma a wɔde tie.
Afe 1997 mu no, Hal Leonard ne Music Sales Group de SheetMusicDirect.com baeɛ, wiase mu ntanɛte so bea a ɛdi kan a wɔde afidie so nnwom a wɔatwerɛ ne guitar tabulakya dii dwuma. Wɔ afe 2004 mu no, Hal Leonard tɔɔ Applause Theatre and Cinema Books. Wɔ afe 2006 mu no, Hal Leonard tɔɔ Amadeus Press ne Limelight Editions. Afei nso wɔ afe 2006 mu no, Hal Leonard tɔɔ Backbeat Books a ɛtintim AllMusic mmoa nwoma akwankyerɛ ne nwoma afoforo a ɛfa nnwom ho no firii CMP hɔ.
Wɔ afe 2009 mu no, Hal Leonard gyee Shawnee Press firiiMusic Sales Group hɔ . Wɔ afe 2014 mu no, Hal Leonard tɔɔ Noteflight, ntanɛte so nnwom atwerɛ aboafoɔ ne kuo a wɔkyɛ mma. Ankorankoro adwumakuo Seidler Equity Partners tɔɔ adwumakuo no mu kyɛfa dodoɔ no ara wɔ Ayɛwohomummɔ, 2016 mu. Nsakrae a ɛbaa Hal Leonard mu wɔ ne wuranom mu akyi no, wɔsan hyehyɛɛ Hal Leonard firii nkabomkuo mu bɛyɛɛ adwumakuo a ɛwɔ asodie kakraa bi.
Wɔ afe 2017 mu no, Hal Leonard tɔɔ nnwom a wɔtɔn wɔ ntanɛte so a wɔfrɛ no Sheet Music Plus . Wɔ afe 2018 mu no, Hal Leonard tɔɔ wiase nyinaa nnwom tintimfo a wɔde wɔn ho The Music Sales Group nnwom a wɔatintim honam fam ne ntanɛte so nnwuma. Wɔsan nso tɔɔ Groove3, ntanɛte so bea a ɛdi kan a ɛyɛ nnwom mfididwuma nkyerɛkyerɛ vidio ahodoɔ. Wɔ December 2018 mu no, Hal Leonard de too dwa sɛ wɔatɔn wɔn dwadie ho din ahodoɔ nnum—Hal Leonard Books, Applause Theatre & Cinema Books, Amadeus Press, Backbeat Books, ne Limelight Editions —ama Rowman & Littlefield .
Ɛde bɛsi afe 2020 no, Hal Leonard tintim, kyɛ, na ɛgyina hɔ ma nnwom a wɔatintim no yiedie a nnwumakuo pii a wɔpa nwoma ho ntoma, tete nnwom ne deɛ agye din nyinaa. Wɔ Amɛreka Atifi fam no, Hal Leonard nko ara na ɔwɔ tumi krataa ma Disney Nnwom Kuw ne Universal Music Publishing Group . Hal Leonard nso na ɔkyɛ nnwom wɔ Amɛreka Atifi fam ma Amɛreka ne Europa tete nnwom atintimfoɔ pii, a G. Schirmer, Inc., Boosey & Hawkes, Éditions Durand, ne Faber Piano Adventures ka ho. Ne sukuu nnwom tintim nnwumakuo pii a ɔnyae wɔ mfeɛ 40 a atwam no mu so no, mprempren yi, Hal Leonard yɛ nnwom tintimfoɔ kɛseɛ a wɔwɔ nnwom ho adesua mu no mu baako; deɛ ɔne no resi akan titire wɔ nwomasua dwa so ne Alfred Music .
Hal Leonard adwumakuo no adwumayɛbea ti wɔ Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Wɔn nkyekyɛmu, wɔn nneɛma a wɔde ba abɔnten ne wɔn adekorabea ahhodoɔ wɔ Winona a ɛwɔ Minnesota. Wɔsan nso wɔ adwumayɛbea ahodoɔ wɔ Austin, Boston, ne San Francisco. Ɛsan nso wɔ adwumayɛbea ahodoɔ wɔ amannɔne wɔ Australia, Belgium, China, Germany, Netherlands, India, Italy, Switzerland, ne London ne Bury St. Edmunds a ɛwɔ England nso.
Hal Leonard aboa abasobɔdeɛ pii ama nnwontofoɔ ne akyerɛkyerɛfoɔ nkumaa. Hal Leonard ne Jazz Education Network aka abom de Hal Leonard Collegiate Scholarship a wɔde maa Tanner Guss wɔ afe 2017 mu no ama
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Paul Leim
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Paul William Leim (wɔwoo no Ɔpɛnima 29, 1950) yɛ Amɛrekani twenebɔ ne nnwontofoɔ a ɔkyere nnwom gu kasɛte so a ɔte Nashville
Asetena mu nsɛm.
Wɔwoo Leim wɔ Port Huron, Michigan na wɔtetee no wɔ Troup, Texas . Wɔhyɛɛ no nkuran sɛ ɔmfa ne ho nhyɛ twenebɔ mu berɛ a na ɔyɛ abɔfra berɛ a ɔtee "Skin Deep" a Duke Ellington ne ne Nnwontoɔ kuo a Louie Bellson bɔɔ twene no akyi. Robin Hood Brians, a ɔyɛ baabi a wɔkyere nnwom gu kasɛte so wura ka kyerɛɛ Leim sɛ ɔbɔ te sɛdeɛ ɔwɔ metronome wɔ ne tirim, na ɔtoo nsa frɛɛ Leim sɛ ɔmmɛbɔ wɔ nnwom nnwom ahodoɔ so.
Ɔtu kɔɔ Los Angeles wɔ ne mfeɛ aduonu mfimfini sɛ ɔrekɔtoa ne nnwom adwuma no so, na ɔtu kɔɔ Nashville wɔ afe 1988 mu.
Leim ne John Williams ( "Jedifo no Sanba" ), Doc Severinsen, Berlin Nnwontofo Kuw, London Nnwontofo Kuw, Boston Pops, Lionel Richie, Dolly Parton, Peter Cetera, Tanya Tucker, Randy Travis, Michael W. Smith, Reba McEntire, Kenny Rogers, PUR, Lorrie Morgan, Lyle Lovett, Amy Grant, Collin Raye, Montgomery Gentry, Lonestar, Faith Hill, Bob Seger, Billy Currington, Kenny Chesney, Shania Twain, . ne afoforɔ ayɛ adwuma.
Sini ho abasobɔ a wɔde ma Leim no bi ne "The River", "Tank", "The Legend of D. B. Cooper", "Dirty Dancing", "Elvis ne Me", Elvis, ne "Star Wars Return of the Jedi" . Television so dwumadi ahorow a ɛkɔ so wɔ bere bi mu ne nea ɛyɛ soronko bi ne "Wonder Woman", "Knight Rider", "Dukes of Hazzard", "Elvis", "Fall Guy", "Spencer for Hire", "The Tonight Show", "Growing Pains", "Battlestar Galactica", "Barbara Mandrell ne Mandrell Anuanom Mmea", ne "Dolly" . Na ɔyɛ adwumayɛfo wɔ "The Grammy Awards", mfe awotwe wɔ Dick Clark’s "American Music Awards", mfeɛ nnan wɔ Academy of Country Music Awards, ne Grand Ole Opry.
Leim ne The Monkees yɛɛ nnwom wɔ wɔn mfeɛ 20 afahyɛ nnwom nkabom mu, "Then and Now", a "That was Then and This is Now" ka ho.
Leim yɛ twenebɔfoɔ a wɔayi no mpɛn nwɔtwe wɔ afe no mu Academy of Country Music Nominee mu, wadi nkonim mpɛn pii wɔ Nashville Music Award, "Drummer/Percussionist", ne Nashville Music Row Magazine "Top 10 Music All Stars" abasobɔdeɛ mu nkonimdifoɔ. Nnansa yi ara ɔyɛ nkonimdifoɔ wɔ "Drum Magazine" Drummie of the Year, (Country Category) 4 Years in a Row ne Modern Drummer Magazine "Reader's Poll", Drummer of the Year, (Ɔman Category) afe a ɛtɔ so nwɔtwe a ɛtoatoa so ( 2001 – 2008) na ɔtwerɛeɛ.
Leim ne ne yere Jeanie na wɔte Nashville. Ɔyɛ wiemhyɛn kafoɔ a ɔwɔ tumi krataa na wanya wiemhyɛn pii.
Discography.
1970–1984 mu.
Saa ɔfa yi de nnwom nkabom ahodoɔ a Leim aboa wɔ mu no fa bi kyerɛ.
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Brian Auger
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Brian Albert Gordon Auger (wɔwoo no Kitawonsa 18,1939) yɛ Engiresini jazz rock ne rock nnwom sankubɔfoɔ a wakwadare wɔ Hammond sankuo .
Auger ne Rod Stewart, Tony Williams, Jimi Hendrix, John McLaughlin, Sonny Boy Williamson, Eric Burdon, ne CAB ayɛ adwuma. Ɔde jazz, Bretenfoɔ pɔɔpo nnwom ɛbaa so kane, R&B, ɔkra mu nnwom, ne rock ahyɛ ne nnyegyeeɛ mu. Wɔayi no sɛ ɔbɛtumi agye Grammy Award.
Adwuma.
Afe 1965 mu no, Auger bɔɔ sankuo wɔ " For Your Love " a The Yardbirds yɛe no mu sɛ session nnwontoni. Wɔde no bae sɛ ɔmmɛbɔ Hammond sankuo, nanso ɔbɔɔ sankuo baako pɛ a na ɛwɔ hɔ, a wɔfrɛ no harpsichord. Saa afe no ara mu no, Auger ne Long John Baldry, Julie Driscoll, Vic Briggs, ne Rod Stewart ka bɔɔ mu yɛɛ kuo a wɔato no din The Steampacket . Esiane apam mu haw ahodoɔ nti dwontokuo yi antumi anyɛ nnwom biara ma no amma abɔnten; mmom, wɔde nnwom nkron na ɛtoo hɔ sɛ wɔde bɛtɔn wɔn ho wɔ 1965 mu na wɔyii no adi sɛ LP wɔ 1970 mu wɔ France wɔ BYG din no so. Repertoire Records yii no adi wɔ CD so wɔ 1990 mu (wɔnyaa ho tumi krataa firii Charly Records ) ne nnwom 12 a wɔgyinaa ahwɛfoɔ anim yɛeɛ a ɛfiri "Live at the Birmingham Town Hall, wɔ Ɔgyefuo 2, 1964" mu. Stewart firii hɔ wɔ 1966 ahyɛaseɛ no ara na ɛno akyi berɛ tiawa bi mu no, nnwontoɔ kuo no guiɛ.
Ɔne Driscoll ne nnwontofoɔ kuoTrinity, kɔɔ so kyeree David Ackles ' "Road to Cairo" ne Bob Dylan " This Wheel's on Fire " nwom nsesaeɛ (cover), a ɛpuee wɔ "Dylan Covered so no". Na dwom a ɛtwa toɔ no yɛ pɔɔpo nnwom a ɛtɔ so 5 wɔ UK. 1969 mu no, Auger, Driscoll, ne Trinity too nnwom wɔ United States wɔ NBC dwumadi titire "331⁄3 Revolutions Per Monkee" ase.
Afe 1970 mu no, ɔhyehyɛɛ jazz fusion nnwontofoɔ kuo Brian Auger Oblivion Express berɛ a ɔgyaee "Wassenaar Arrangement" jazz rock kuo a na ɛnkɔ so wɔ The Hague kuro kumaa bi mu no wɔ berɛ tiawa bi mu. Oblivion Express tetee nnwontofoɔ atitire pii a na wɔwɔ adomakyɛdeɛ, a Average White Band atwenebɔfoɔ Robbie McIntosh ne Steve Ferrone, ne sankubɔfo Jim Mullen ka ho. Afe 1971 mu no, Auger de nnwom nkabom baako pɛ a na ɛyɛ "Mogul Thrash" deɛ, "Mogul Thrash" a ɔdaa ne ho adi wɔ so no nko ara na ɛbaa abɔnten. Na saa nnwontofoɔ kuo no mma baanu, Roger Ball ne Malcolm Duncan, bɛkɔ so ayɛ nwontoɔ kuo a wɔfrɛ no Average White Band .
Auger ne Kim Simmonds, Gregg Errico, ne Tim Bogert kyinkyinii wɔ 1980 no mfinimfini mu hɔ wɔ nnwontofoɔ kuo bi a wɔfrɛ no Maestro mu. Nnwom nkabom biara amfiri saa nkabom ne aporɔbɔ yi mu amma. 1986 mu no, ɔbɔɔ sankuo ahodoɔ maa Italiani odwontoni Mango wɔ nnwom nkabom,"Odissea" so.
1989 mu no, na Auger yɛ nnwom kwankyerɛfo ma sini a ɛwɔ afa du-mmeɛnsa a ɛfa nneɛma a atwam ho a "Villa Fantastica" yɛ maa Germany television no. Deɛ wɔgyinaa ahwɛfoɔ anim yɛeɛ a wɔkyeree guu afidie so, "Super Jam" (1990) no, Auger bɔɔ sankuo wɔ so, Pete York bɔɔ twene, Dick Morrissey bɔɔ tenor saxophone, Roy Williams bɔɔ trombone, Harvey Weston bɔɔ sankubarima, ne nnwontofoɔ Zoot Money ne Maria Muldaur .
Auger ne Eric Burdon kyinkyin wɔ 1990 mfeɛ no mfitiaseɛ mu na ɔne no kyeree nnwom nkabom a wɔgyinaa ahwɛfoɔ anim yɛeɛ, "Access All Areas" guu afidie so wɔ afe 1993 mu. Wɔsan de Oblivion Express bae wɔ afe 2005 mu a wɔnam nnwom a wɔakyere agu afidie so ne akwantuo so. Kuo no mma ne Brian Auger, ne babarima, Karma Auger a ɔbɔ twene, ne babaa, Savannah Auger a ɔto nnwom, ne Derek Frank a ɔbɔ bass.
Afe 2012 mu no, Auger de "Language of the Heart" baa abɔnten, n’adwuma mu nnwom kakraa bi a ɔno nko ara bɔeɛ no mu baako, a Tea na ɔmaa no baa abɔnten. Ɛwɔ Jeff "Skunk" Baxter ne Julian Coryell a wɔbɔ gyetaa.
Afe 2014 mu no, Auger, obi a ɔde nnwom ba abɔnten, Gerry Gallagher too nsa frɛɛ no sɛ ɔne El Chicano ne Alphonse Mouzon, David Paich, Alex Ligertwood, Ray Parker Jr., Lenny Castro, Vikki Carr, Pete Escovedo, Peter Michael Escovedo, Salvador Santana, Jessy J, Marcos J. Reyes, Siedah Garrett, Walfredo Reyes Kumaa, ne Spencer Davismmɛyɛ nnwom. Wɔ saa afe no ara mu no, Brian Auger ne Oblivion Express bɔɔ nnwom wɔ KJAZZ afahyɛ a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ Los Angeles no ase, na wɔbɔɔ aporɔ wɔ Japan ne Europe a na Karma Auger rebɔ twene, ne babea Ali Auger reto nnwom, Alex Ligertwood reto nnwom, Yarone Levy rebɔ gyetaa, Les King rebɔ bass, na Travis Carlton nso rebɔ bass.
Discography.
Na Steampacket ka ho.
"Rock Generation, Volume 6: The Steampacket (Or the First Supergroup)" (BYG 529.706, 1970)
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Czech Republic
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Czech Republic yɛ ɔman a ɛwɔ Europa Mfinimfini fam. Enyaa ahofadi wɔ January 1, 1993 sɛ ɔman a edii n’ade wɔ Czechoslovakia. Czech Republic ahenkurow ne Prague. Ɛsan nso di bɛboro mfe apem abakɔsɛm a ɛfa Czech man ne amammerɛ ho akyi. Sɛnea ne mmarahyɛ bagua kyerɛ no, Czech Republic yɛ mmarahyɛ bagua, demokrase mmara kwan so man a ɛwɔ ɔman nniso a ɛma ahofadi ne amammui nhyehyɛe a egyina amammui akuw ne akuw ahorow a wɔde wɔn ho to akansi a wɔde wɔn ho to so so. Ɔman ti ne Ɔmanpanyin, mmarahyɛ bagua a ɛkorɔn na ɛno nkutoo ne Czech Republic Mmarahyɛ Bagua a ɛwɔ aman abien, na Czech Republic Aban no wɔ aban mpanyimfo kuw no atifi.
Czech Republic yɛ Europa Aman Nkabom Kuw, North Atlantic Apam, Amanaman Nkabom, Ahyehyɛde a Ɛhwɛ Sikasɛm mu Nkɔso ne Nkɔso So, Wiase Aguadi Ahyehyɛde, Amanaman Ntam Sikakorabea, Wiase Sikakorabea, Europa Bagua, Ahyehyɛde a ɛfa Ahobammɔ ne Nkɔmmɔbɔ wɔ Europa, Europa Amanneɛbɔ Kuw, a ɛyɛ Schengen mpɔtam hɔ fa, Europa Sikasɛm Mpɔtam, Visegrad Kuw no muni ne amanaman ntam nhyehyɛe afoforo.
Czech Republic yɛ ɔman a ɛnyɛ asase so a ne kɛse yɛ 78,870 km2. Ɛne Germany hye wɔ atɔe fam (ɔhye no tenten yɛ kilomita 810), Poland wɔ atifi fam (kilomita 762), Slovakia wɔ apuei fam (kilomita 252) ne Austria hye wɔ anafo fam (kilomita 466). Wɔ nniso mu no, wɔakyekyɛ mu ayɛ no nsasesin awotwe na bere koro no ara mu no, wɔakyekyɛ mu ayɛ no amantam 14 a wodi wɔn ho so. Ahenkurow no ne Prague, a ɛno nso yɛ amantam no mu biako. Wɔ afe 2020 mu no, na nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepem 10.7 na wɔte Czech Republic.
Abakɔsɛm.
Ɔman kuw a edi kan a wɔakyerɛw ho asɛm wɔ nnɛyi Czech Republic asasesin mu ne Sami Ahemman no mmusuakuw a ɛboro so nkabom, wɔ afeha a ɛto so 9 no fa a ɛto so abien mu no, wɔbɔɔ Moravia Ahemman Kɛse no. Bere a ɛyerae bɛyɛ afe 907 mu wɔ Hungary mmusuakuw a wotu kɔtra mmeae foforo no ntua ase no, ɔman nkɔso ho adwene dan kɔɔ Bohemia. Ɛhɔnom sodifo a wofi Přemyslov abusua mu no kyekyeree mfinimfini mmere mu Přemysl man a wɔsan frɛ no Bohemia man (Bohemia Mantam, akyiri yi Czech Ahenni), a na ɛyɛ Roma Ahemman Kronkron no fa fi afeha a ɛto so 10 ne 11 mfiase no. Efi Charles IV bere so no. (1348) wɔde asɛmfua Czech Crown nsase nso dii dwuma maa nsase a ɛhyɛ Czech hene ase, na na saa asɛmfua no nso ka Moravian Margraviate ne Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia ho.
Efi 1526 no, wɔde Czech nsase no kaa Habsburg Ahemman no ho nkakrankakra, na wɔn sodifo de nkonim a wodii wɔ White Mountain Ko a wɔkoe wɔ Bohemia Aman so (1620) no dii dwuma de too kan ahofadi a na Czech Ahenni no wɔ no ano hye kɛse. Czech Ahemman no nsase a atew ne ho wɔ ɔman mmara ase wɔ 1749 akyi no kɔɔ so yɛɛ Habsburgfo abotiri nsase kosii Wiase Ko I awiei wɔ 1918. Efi 1804 no, na Habsburg ahemman no wɔ Austria Ahemman no din a ɛyɛ aban de, na efi 1867 no, na wɔfrɛ ahemman no Austria-Hungary.
Bere a woguu Austria-Hungary wɔ 1918 mu akyi no, wɔde Czechoslovakia sii hɔ sɛ ɔman a ɛyɛ biako a ɛwɔ ɔman mmarahyɛ bagua. Wɔ 1938 mu no, wogyinaa nhyiam bi a wɔyɛe wɔ Munich so no, wɔde ɔhye no, mmeae a wɔka German kasa titiriw wɔ mprempren Czech Republic no kaa Nasi German Reich ho, na wɔ 1939 mu no, German asraafo fii ase gyee asasesin a aka no, . ɛno so na wɔde Bohemia ne Moravia ahobammɔbea no sii hɔ. Wɔsan de Czechoslovakia sii hɔ wɔ 1945 mu, efi 1960 no, na ɔwɔ aban din Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Wɔde yɛɛ ɔman biako wɔ 1969 mu, na sɛ́ adeyɛ yi fa no, wɔhyehyɛɛ Czech Socialist Republic, ɔman-man a ɛwɔ tumi wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so, wɔ amanaman ntam mmara kwan so, a edii mprempren Czech Republic anim tẽẽ. Saa edin a ɛyɛ aban de yi na Czech man no akura fi March 6, 1990, bere a woyii asɛmfua "sohyialist" fii din a wɔde too so wɔ komunis nniso no asehwe akyi no. Czechoslovakia nyaa aban din foforo wɔ 1990 mu: Czech ne Slovakia Federative Republic. Nanso, ɛno akyi bere tiaa bi, bɛyɛ 1992 awiei no, ɛyerae na wɔhyehyɛɛ aman foforo abien, Czech Republic ne Slovakia, sii n’ananmu. Wɔ January 1, 1993 no, Czech Republic Amanyɔ Mmara no fii ase yɛɛ adwuma, sɛnea ne nnianim asɛm kyerɛ no, ɔman foforo no de ɔman a wɔyɛ ho atetesɛm a ɛwɔ Czechoslovakia ne kan aman a na ɛwɔ Czech Ahemman no mu no so.
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Ɔdom Banwaa Buoadu
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Grace Banwaa Buoadu wɔwoo no wɔ Ɔbɛnem bosome no ne da ɛtɔso dunum wɔ mfie mpem mmienu ne mmienu no mu (15 January 2002) wɔ Ghana. Ɔyɛ Ghana bɔɔlbɔfoɔ na ne tenten bɛyɛ sɛ sɛntimita no ɔha ne aduoson mmiensa (173cm) na ne mu duru nso bɛyɛ sɛ kilogram no aduosia num (65kg).
Banwaa bɔ bɔɔl sɛ bɔɔl kyefoɔ anaa sɛ goalkeeper ma Hasaacas Ladies FC – bɔɔlbɔ kuo a wɔ si akae wɔ Ghana mmaa bɔɔlbɔ akansi mu no mu baako. Wɔfrɛɛ no kɔɔ saa mmaa bɔɔlbɔ kuo yi mu wɔ mfie mpem mmienu ne du-nkron no mu (2019). Wɔ season overview mu no, ɔpuee mpɛn nsia (6 times) wɔ agoroprama so, ɔyɛɛ ɔgyee ne team no nkwa mprɛ du-mmiensa soɔ (13 saves),wɔ mprɛ nan soɔ na ɔsii akae maa ne bɔɔlbɔ kuo no a yannhyɛ no bie (4clean sheets) na ɔsii akae simma ahanum ne aduanan nwɔtwe (548 minutes) de maa ne bɔɔlbɔ kuo no.
Wɔ mfie mpem mmienu ne aduonu mmienu (2022) mu no, wɔsan frɛɛ Banwaa kɔɔ Ɔman mmaa a wonnii mfeɛ aduonu bɔɔlbɔ kuo n mu sɛ ɔmmɛgyina Ghana ananmu wɔ FIFA Mmaa a wɔn dii mfie aduonu Wiase Kuruwa akansi no mu.
Wɔ mfie mpem mmienu ne aduonu mmiensa wɔ Ɛbɔ bosome mu no (September 2023), wɔde Banwaa too dwa sɛ ɔno na ɔbɔɔ mmoɔden paa sɛ bɔɔl kyerefoɔ wɔ saa afe no mu anaa sɛ ("Best Goalkeeper of the Season)" wɔ Ghana Football Association abasobɔdeɛ anadwo no mu. Ɔsan nso pue mu sɛ nkonimdifoɔ wɔ RG World goalkeeper akansi no mu wɔ mfie mpem mmienu ne aduonu mmiensa (2023) no mu wɔ bosome a ɛyɛ Ahinime/Obubuo mu (October/November).
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Mfirihyia Apem Kuropɔn, Ghana
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Millennium City yɛ Kasoa kurotia na ɛwɔ Gomoa Apueɛ Mantan mu wɔ Ghana Mfinfini Mantan mu. Ɛde besi mfie mpem mmienu ne aduonu nan (2024) no, Gyasehene a ɔwɔ Millennium City ne Benlord Ababio a wɔsan frɛ no ‘Nana Ben'.
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