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[
"Accidents and injuries that fall under vehicle accidents, medical malpractice, defective product, slip and falls, wheeler accidents, medical treatment, drunk driver etc., ",
"are covered by the personal injury law and accident law. ",
"Therefore, the injured party has the means to ask for compensation for the pain, mental anguish, reimbursement of medical expenses and so on to experience closure and start recovering from the accident. ",
"Get information as to how personal injury laws work for you, retain the services of a pi lawyers.",
"\n\nThe processes that are governed by laws concerning personal injury include filing for an insurance claim and gathering information and statements from witnesses as well. ",
"When you’re getting started with a personal injury case, who is at fault is the first questions to be asked. ",
"Proving the responsible parties for an injury can be a tough task but with the personal injury lawyers, it gets a little easier. ",
"Negligence has to be proven when there is a personal injury claim. ",
"This is the term used for careless behavior that causes or even contributes to the occurrence of an accident. ",
"The one at fault can be considered a negligent person if he or she failed to act carefully.",
"\n\nFor personal injury claims, a fault for an accident has to be made legally. ",
"But if you’ll make your case at the insurance company, you’ll be dealing with an insurance adjuster. ",
"With information and help from the insurance adjuster, you can make some kind of reasonable argument that a certain person or even a company was careless. ",
"Houston personal injury lawyers then come in to strengthen these facts when they’re presented in court. ",
"In some special cases, the fault might be partly on the injured person. ",
"Compensation is still available for the part at fault under personal injury law. ",
"In this case, though, the amount of the other person’s responsibility is seen and determined by comparing the degree of his carelessness with your own carelessness.",
"\n\nFor personal injury and the laws, the most common types of injury cases are a slip and fall, wrongful death claims, assault and battery, dog bites and workplace injury. ",
"To get your personal injury case resolved, it’s best to have a skilled professional working on your case. ",
"This is especially true when your injuries fall under severe cases like toxic exposure or medical malpractice. ",
"If as a result of an accident, you’re now suffering from a long-term or even permanent disabling injuries, you need the expertise of the Best Law Firm in Houston Texas."
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[
"The economic effect of immigration on the NHS\n\nA big issue is how net migration is affecting the National Health Service.",
"\n\nDoes an influx of migrants place greater strain on the NHS?",
"\n\nIs migration a convenient excuse for the more long-term issues facing the NHS?",
"\n\nTo what extent do migrants work for the NHS?",
"\n\nIf we cut migration levels would that affect taxation and spending on the NHS?",
"\n\nNational Heath Care under pressure\n\nThe first factor in determining the health of the National Health Care system is how many resources are put into it.",
"\n\nThe government has often stated that it has ‘ringfenced NHS’ spending. ",
"This is to reinforce the notion that there has been no real spending cuts to the NHS. ",
"This is true, real spending on the NHS has risen consistently. ",
"See: UK Health care spending.",
"\n\nHowever, as a share of GDP, spending on the NHS has been falling since 2010 and is set to forecast to continue to fall.",
"\n\nAlso, it’s easy to increase spending on the NHS when you have a rising population (partly caused by immigration). ",
"A more useful statistics to real spending is real spending per head.",
"\n\nIn the post-war period, spending on the NHS as a share of GDP grew rapidly because\n\nIncreased technology enables more treatment\n\nPeople live longer, needing more treatment.",
"\n\nExpectations about the NHS have grown\n\nPeople consistently place NHS as one of most important areas of government spending\n\nBecause of all the increased potential treatments, if you start cutting NHS spending as a share of GDP, you start to get increased pressure, waiting lists and perceived inadequate resources.",
"\n\nIt is this cut in the share of resources devoted to health care that is placing pressure on the NHS. ",
"Especially when you combine with an ageing population, which is placing more demands on health care.",
"\n\nWhen you’re stuck in a waiting list, it is tempting to blame the influx of migrants. ",
"However, if cut immigration to zero, it wouldn’t alter the trend in government spending on health care.",
"\n\nFiscal contribution / cost of migrants\n\nGenerally, migrants are more likely to be young – 20s to mid 30s is the most common age.",
"\n\nOne study found the average age of migrants from Eastern Europe (EEA10) was 26. ",
"This compares with an average age of 41 for UK born citizens. ",
"Link\n\nAs people get older, migrants often return to country of origin. ",
"This age range (20-30s) is the best demographic for contributing taxes, but not using health care services. ",
"Health care services are much more likely to be used by people over 65.",
"\n\n“The positive net fiscal contribution of recent migrants since 2000 from the east European accession states, including Poland, amounts to £5bn; those from the rest of the EU, including western and southern Europe, have contributed £15bn, and those from outside Europe more than £5bn… Whereas EEA immigrants have made an overall positive fiscal contribution to the UK, the net fiscal balance of non-EEA immigrants is negative, as it is for natives. ",
"If this is true, cutting immigration will lead to budget shortfalls, which will need to be met by spending cuts, tax rises.”",
"\n\nNHS staff and migration\n\n55,000 out of the 1.2 million staff in the English NHS are citizens of other EU countries. (",
"Full Fact) The UK has long relied on a relatively high percentage of doctors and nurses from abroad. ",
"In recent years, the numbers of NHS staff from Europe has increased.",
"\n\nAnother study shows 11% of all staff and 26% of doctors are non-British. (",
"link)\n\nLeaving the EU would enable the UK to restrict migration from Europe, although, equally, a new migration policy could still enable migration of skilled workers such as nurses and doctors.",
"\n\nCost savings from leaving the EU\n\nSome argue that since the UK is a net contributor to the UK, if we leave, this money can be used to spend on the NHS. ",
"However, this cost saving of £9.9 net (according to ONS) has to be weighed against the potential fall in GDP / rates of economic growth from leaving the single market and decline in trade and inward investment which would affect tax revenue.",
"\n\nNational health service vs housing\n\nIn a post on migration on housing, there is a good case to say high levels of migration are exacerbating the housing crisis. ",
"The difference is that there is a fundamental reluctance to build new houses in the UK, therefore a rising population is increasing the gap between demand and supply. ",
"However, the NHS is different, migrants are more likely to contribute towards the exchequer and, because of their relative younger age have low demand for health care. ",
"Ending migration from Eastern Europe would do nothing to deal with the long-term stresses on the NHS.",
"\n\nConclusion\n\nWhen people say immigration “exacerbates our housing crisis and puts pressure on our public services”. ",
"I only agree with the first part of the sentence. ",
"Yes it causes problems for housing market, but without immigration the UK fiscal position would be worse.",
"\n\nThe National Health Service is stretched primarily because of rising demand from demographic changes combined with the growth of new (expensive) technology. ",
"At the same time, the cut in spending on the NHS as a percentage of GDP is limiting capacity to keep up with demand.",
"\n\nThe influx of migration on the NHS is, according to studies above, not placing any greater strain on the NHS. ",
"Migrants of young working age tend to have a net contribution of public services. ",
"The NHS is also reliant on foreign staff to fill the gap in UK trained medical staff. ",
"Though in theory, a post Brexit immigration policy could enable migration for any medical staff.",
"\n\nOur site uses cookies so that we can remember you, understand how you use our site and serve you relevant adverts and content. ",
"Click the OK button, to accept cookies on this website. ",
"OK and CloseCookie and Privacy policy"
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[
"Q:\n\nGet has_many from ActiveRecord::Relaiton\n\nIs it possible to get the has_many records from an ActiveRecord::Relation?",
"\ni.e. Book.where(fiction: true).pages as opposed to Book.where(fiction: true).collect { |book| book.pages }\nIdeally I'd like to be able to get all the records using one ActiveRecord query, so I don't have to build up the array in memory, and make the code a little cleaner, especially when the relationship has multiple levels (i.e. Book.where(fiction: true).pages.words\n\nA:\n\nWell the below,\nBook.where(fiction: true).collect { |book| book.pages }\n\ncan be written as :\nPage.joins(:book).where(\"books.fiction = ?\", ",
"true)\n\nSimilar way :\nWord.joins(page: :book).where(\"books.fiction = ?\", ",
"true)\n\n"
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"Display error message on proxy script download failure\n\nSpecifies that error messages will be displayed to users if problems occur with proxy scripts. ",
"If you enable this policy error messages will be displayed when the browser does not download or run a script to set proxy settings. ",
"If you disable this policy or do not configure it error messages will not be displayed when problems occur with proxy scripts.",
"\n\nNotes\n\n* Making mistakes while changing registry values can affect your system adversely. ",
"We recommend you to create a System Restore point before making registry manipulation. ",
"If you're new to Registry Editor, read this beginner's guide."
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[
"Q:\n\nZ3 formula fails syntatic check\n\nThe following SMT formula fails syntactic check at rise4fun site when x13 is replaced by av5 in the line with arrow.",
"\n(set-info :status unknown) \n;(set-logic QF_BV) \n(declare-fun in3 () (_ BitVec 16)) \n(assert \n(let ((x8 ((_ zero_extend 16) in3))) \n(let ((x13 (ite (not (= x8 (_ bv00000000 32))) (_ bv00045069 32) (_ bv00000174 32)))) \n(let ((av5 (= x13 (_ bv00045069 32)))) \n(= x13 (_ bv4294967295 32)))))) <--------- \n(assert true) \n(check-sat) \n\nThe error message is \nZ3(8, 26): ERROR: invalid function application, sort mismatch on argument at position 2\nAny idea what I might I be doing wrong?",
"\n\nA:\n\nWhich version are you using? ",
"I can't reproduce this problem using version 4.3.x nor using the unstable (working-in-progress) branch. ",
"In both cases, I get unsat. ",
"I also get unsat on rise4fun.",
"\n\n"
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[
"[Injuries of the cervical spine in children].",
"\nInjuries of the spine in children rarely occur. ",
"They amount to about 0.2% of all fractures and dislocation and to 1.5 to 3% of all lesions of the spine. ",
"The younger an injured child is, the more likely it has sustained a lesion of the upper cervical spine. ",
"This spinal segment in comparison to adults is concerned more often and accounts for 50% of all C-spine injuries. ",
"Important differences between the adult spine and the spine in the child disappear with the age of 10 years. ",
"Later diagnostics, classification and treatment correspond widely with the principles valid in adults. ",
"The knowledge of the normal shape and development of the spine are crucial in avoiding misinterpretations of X-ray films. ",
"Typical examples include the confusion of synchondrosis with fractures or of subluxations of the atlas and the C2/C3 segment with \"true\" instabilities. ",
"Relevant lesions always are accompanied by clear clinical symptoms. ",
"Specific injuries of the growing axial skeleton are lesions of the cartilaginous endplates and \"fractures\" of the synchondrosis. ",
"Atlantooccipital dislocations (AOD) occur typically in children. ",
"According to our experiences with 16 AOD we propose--dependent on the direction of dislocation of the occipital condyles--a simplified classification in anterior, posterior and completely unstable AOD. ",
"In one boy in our series we treated the lesion successfully by temporary internal fixation. ",
"He presented a massive improvement of initially subtotal neurologic symptoms. ",
"Injuries to the synchondrosis of the dens represent another typical lesion in childhood. ",
"Four out of 5 children treated in our clinic were involved as back seat passengers in head-on motor vehicle accidents. ",
"Three of them were restrained by 4 point children's seat harnesses. ",
"For conservative treatment we prefer a halo and plaster-vest for 12 weeks after closed reduction. ",
"We recommend operative treatment in cases of major dislocation with greater instability where it may be impossible to maintain alignment with halo fixation. ",
"Surgical equipment and techniques correspond in detail to those used in adults. ",
"Three of the five children mentioned have been stabilized successfully by anterior screw fixation. ",
"Atlantoaxial dislocations (AAD) are divided into translatory and rotatory instabilities. ",
"Sagittal dislocations of the atlas in children also need to be fixed by a fusion between C1 and C2. ",
"Rotatory instabilities in the acute phase are easy to reduce and are treated with a halo-fixator. ",
"According to our experiences in two delayed cases anatomical reduction is also possible after months partly by open, partly by closed means. ",
"For the lower C-spine lesion with encroachment of the spinal canal and above all ligamentous injuries represent a clear indication for operative treatment because, similar to the adult spine, they do not become stable after close management."
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[
"President Donald Trump is finding little support among his Asian allies -- both publicly and behind the scenes -- as he weighs a military attack on North Korea after unilaterally firing missiles on Syria.",
"\n\nAny attack on Kim Jong Un's regime -- even a limited strike on weapons facilities -- risks catastrophic blowback on some of Asia's biggest economies. ",
"It could threaten to trigger a U.S. war with China and leave the capitals of allies South Korea and Japan at risk of destruction, the same calculation that has helped maintain an uneasy peace since the Korean War in the 1950s.",
"\n\n\"This has the potential to turn into a conflagration that Asia hasn't seen since the Vietnam war,\" said Brian Bridges, a Malaysia-based adjunct professor of Asian politics at Lingnan University in Hong Kong. \"",
"If anything, his unpredictability makes the situation more risky because the North Koreans aren't 100 percent sure he won't attack.\"",
"\n\nTrump has sent warships near North Korea and threatened to act alone if necessary to prevent it from gaining the capability to strike the U.S. with a nuclear weapon. ",
"The unease has wiped $30 billion from South Korean equity values this week and driven a spike in the nation's debt risk, as Kim shows signs of conducting another nuclear or ballistic-missile test.",
"\n\n\"You never know, do you?\" ",
"Trump said in an interview Tuesday with Fox Business Network, when asked what he was planning for North Korea. \"",
"We are sending an armada, very powerful. ",
"We have submarines, very powerful, far more powerful than the aircraft carrier, that I can tell you.\"",
"\n\nWhile it's unclear how much allies' concerns would influence Trump administration calculations on any strike, Foreign Ministry spokesman Cho June-hyuck told reporters in Seoul on Tuesday that the U.S. said it wouldn't take action without first consulting South Korea. ",
"He called speculation that the Korean peninsula would face a crisis this month \"groundless.\"",
"\n\nSouth Korea doesn't support a pre-emptive strike and is closely coordinating with the Trump administration, according to an Asian government official familiar with North Korean issues who asked not to be identified. ",
"Trump must take into consideration the countries affected for any military decision, the official said.",
"\n\nYoshihide Suga, the top spokesman for Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's government, declined to comment Wednesday on whether the country would support a U.S. strike on North Korea.",
"\n\n\"Given that the security environment is worsening, it is extremely important to make sure of the U.S. deterrent,\" Suga told reporters in Tokyo in response to questions about the safety of Japanese citizens. \"",
"We approve of the U.S. attitude of keeping all options on the table.\"",
"\n\nJapan might only support a limited strike that targeted North Korea's weapon facilities, according to a person with knowledge of the Abe administration's thinking. ",
"In that scenario, the biggest risk Japan sees would be a North Korean attack on U.S. bases in the country, said the person, who asked not to be named while discussing matters of national security.",
"\n\n\"This is psychological warfare,\" said Narushige Michishita, a former Japanese defense ministry official and professor of strategic studies at the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies. \"",
"When you want to scare your enemy, you have to make your own people believe that this is real. ",
"It is only natural that the U.S. is playing this game. ",
"While playing this game, the U.S. cannot tell us clearly that this is just bluffing.\"",
"\n\nTrump has focused his attention on pressuring China, North Korea's main military ally and benefactor. ",
"He spoke by phone with President Xi Jinping on Wednesday morning in Beijing, shortly after saying that China could get a better trade deal with the U.S. if it reined in a regime it has supported since the Korean War, in part to prevent having an American ally on its doorstep.",
"\n\n\"President Xi wants to do the right thing,\" Trump told reporters on Wednesday. \"",
"I think he wants to help us with North Korea.\"",
"\n\nXi told Trump that talks were the only way to resolve tensions, repeating a longstanding Chinese line. ",
"Foreign Ministry spokesman Lu Kang used stronger language, telling reporters Monday: \"It is irresponsible and even dangerous to take any actions that may escalate tension.\"",
"\n\nChina signaled to North Korea that it was running out of patience. ",
"The Global Times, a nationalist newspaper affiliated with the Communist Party, warned that a nuclear test now would represent a \"slap in the face\" to the U.S. government and could prompt China to restrict oil sales to North Korea.",
"\n\n\"Pyongyang should avoid making mistakes at this time,\" the paper said.",
"\n\nThe article marks a change in tone from the withering criticism unleashed after the U.S. began deploying the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense, or Thaad, anti-missile shield in South Korea in March. ",
"North Korea's most recent ballistic missile test was on April 5, the eve of the first meeting between Xi and Trump in Florida.",
"\n\n\"There is already a debate going on inside China about whether it is in China's interests to cut off North Korea,\" said Robert Kelly, a political science associate professor at South Korea's Pusan National University. \"",
"They know that North Korea is a bizarre, weirdo throwback and that as China gets more powerful it won't matter if there is a unified Korea on their doorstep. ",
"Trump is pushing on an open door.\"",
"\n\nThe most immediate reaction by North Korea to a strike would likely be massive artillery fire on Seoul and its surroundings, which is home to just more than half of South Korea's 51 million people, according to a report published by Stratfor last year. ",
"North Korean artillery installations along the border can be activated faster than air or naval assets and larger ballistic missiles that can target South Korean, Japanese or American bases in the region with nuclear, chemical and biological weapons.",
"\n\nWhile residents of Seoul are used to threats from North Korea, the issue has dominated the campaign for a presidential election on May 9. ",
"The front-runners, Moon Jae-in and Ahn Cheol-soo, have indicated they would seek talks with North Korea, and the caretaker government would be unlikely to approve a strike before then.",
"\n\nEven conservative lawmakers in South Korea don't see an attack anytime soon. ",
"Kim Young-woo, a lawmaker with the Bareun Party and chairman of the National Assembly's National Defense Committee, said if anything the U.S. might take action if North Korea threatened allies with an intercontinental ballistic missile -- a prospect raised by former Pentagon chief Ash Carter in January.",
"\n\n\"How are we different from Syria? ",
"The U.S. would be mindful that the high population density here makes any expansion of war, if there is one, very easy,\" Kim said. \"",
"I don't think the U.S. is ready to strike any part of the North just yet.\"",
"\n\n--Bloomberg contributors: Ting Shi, Isabel Reynolds, Kanga Kong, Peter Martin, Russell Ward and Maiko Takahashi"
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[
"If the text output begins with a word or phrase that will be changed by a text override autocapitalise no longer works, this was working in 5.0.25.Is this a bug or is the way it used to work a bug (i.e. ignoring the case of the override and capitalising)?",
"\n\nI type %location% into the command line of a new general task and it behaves as before, i.e. it just stays black and doesn't change colour. ",
"However, if I put it into the message window it changes colour to green.",
"\n\nOUT NOW: The Lost ChildrenCurrent W.I.P.: Magnetic MoonAlso available: The Axe of Kolt, The Spectre of Castle Coris, The Fortress of Fear, Die Feuerfaust - The Fist of Fire\n\nThe bug was for where you override the general task containing a %location% with a SPECIFIC task.",
"If you have a general task with the command \"go to %location%\"Create a specific task that overrides the \"go to %location%\" general task.",
"In the specific task the previous version was displaying \"go to %location%\" instead of \"go to location\" (which can be clicked on to show the list of locations).This is now working correctly.",
"\n\nsaabie wrote:The bug was for where you override the general task containing a %location% with a SPECIFIC task.",
"If you have a general task with the command \"go to %location%\"Create a specific task that overrides the \"go to %location%\" general task.",
"In the specific task the previous version was displaying \"go to %location%\" instead of \"go to location\" (which can be clicked on to show the list of locations).This is now working correctly.",
"\n\nAh, I see now, thanks for explaining that.",
"\n\nOUT NOW: The Lost ChildrenCurrent W.I.P.: Magnetic MoonAlso available: The Axe of Kolt, The Spectre of Castle Coris, The Fortress of Fear, Die Feuerfaust - The Fist of Fire"
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"Top juniors show up at Next Level camp\n\nBrian Perroni | Recruiting Analyst\n\nSOUTHLAKE, Texas - Even though National Signing Day for the class of 2011 is mere days away, it is never too early to evaluate younger talent. ",
"That was exactly the case on Sunday with the Next Level Athletics Texas Top 100 Camp. ",
"Many of the top juniors in North and East Texas took place in the showcase.",
"\n\nEschewing the traditional combine format, the camp consisted of no testing. ",
"There were some individual position drills and then a lot of one-on-ones. ",
"It allowed the players to show what they could do against good competition.",
"\n\nSeveral big names highlighted the event roster coming into the day. ",
"Richardson (Texas) Pearce athlete Corey Coleman is one of the fastest prospects in the state and he did not disappoint. ",
"Playing wide receiver, he was able to most of the defensive backs off the line and showed good hands when getting open.",
"\n\nDeSoto (Texas) offensive lineman Curtis Riser was also on hand. ",
"He measured in a bit smaller than expected at 6-2.5, 283. ",
"Riser was one of the better lineman in attendance but needs to work a bit on his pass pro. ",
"He tried to simply use his size to get in the way at times and it doesn't work against more athletic defenders. ",
"Though he played tackle on Sunday, he is likely a guard at the next level.",
"\n\nVan (Texas) linebacker Dalton Santos was another participant in the event. ",
"He is a big body, measuring in a 6-2, 245. ",
"He is purely an inside backer and s much more effective in pads but he fared pretty well covering the running backs and tight ends. ",
"The Oklahoma State commitment would seem to be ideally suited for a 3-4 defense but should fit in a 4-3 as well.",
"\n\nA couple players from Allen (Texas) were standouts on the day. ",
"Running back Jonathan Williams is by no means a new name after rushing for over 2,000 yards this season but he won MVP of a strong group at the position. ",
"The 5-foot-11, 205-pound back showed a great burst and was able to change directions well for a big back. ",
"Though the state of Texas is loaded at the position for the class of 2012, Williams will receive plenty of interest. ",
"He needs to work on catching the ball away from his body but, other than that, did not show any weaknesses in his game.",
"\n\nWilliams' linebacker teammate, Thaddeus LaGrone was probably the biggest surprise of the entire day. ",
"The 6-foot-1, 185-pound defender has a very long and lean frame and has the potential to add a lot of good weight. ",
"He was exceptional in the individual drills, showing the ability to change directions on a dime. ",
"However, he excelled the most in the one-on-one drills. ",
"Though running backs usually have an advantage, LaGrone was able to use his hands to blanket most of them and end up with several pass breakups. ",
"He had a productive year for Allen as a junior, finishing with over 90 tackles. ",
"He will surely see attention pick up from colleges this spring.",
"\n\nA couple high school defensive ends also worked out at linebacker and looked the part. ",
"Lincoln Richard from Everman (Texas) is a big prospect at 6-foot-3, 215 pounds. ",
"He is very fast for his size and plays downhill very well. ",
"He could end up as a linebacker or a defensive end in college. ",
"Damien Neroes of Garland (Texas) is a bit shorter at just shy of 6-foot-1 and 220 pounds. ",
"He has the skillset to play linebacker but it is clearly a new position for him.",
"\n\nLongview (Texas) was well-represented including a top receiver and a top defensive back. ",
"Wide receiver Eric Hawkins was one of the fastest players at the event and has long strides. ",
"He gets in and out of his breaks well and has solid hands. ",
"He has some good matchups with his high school teammate, safety Jordan Burton. ",
"The 6-foot-1, 190-pound defender is surprisingly good against the pass.",
"\n\nThe Colony (Texas) wide receiver Gerald Thomas walked away with the MVP award for the position and was another player who showed good speed and hands. ",
"Cameron (Texas) Yoe wide receiver Dede Westbrook showed why his big junior season was not a fluke as he caught everything thrown his way. ",
"Jonathan Aldridge from Whitehouse (Texas) was yet another speedster at the position.",
"\n\nGrand Prairie (Texas) South Grand Prairie quarterback Jared Johnson won the MVP for his position group. ",
"He showed good velocity on the ball and a nice touch on his deep passes. ",
"The quarterbacks were a very deep group and some of the others who stood out were Marshall Williams from Flower Mound (Texas), Jake Larson from Coppell (Texas), Zed Woerner from Marble Falls (Texas) and Brady Burgin from Dallas (Texas) Highland Park.",
"\n\nThe offensive and defensive line group was not as deep as the other positions but there was still some talent there. ",
"In addition to Riser, College Station (Texas) A&M Consolidated tackle Cameron Cermin is a big offensive lineman at 6-foot-5, 291 pounds. ",
"He is still learning how to move his feet but looks like he has the tools to put it together. ",
"Just a sophomore, Garrett York from Crandall (Texas) also plays some linebacker but was one of the better rush ends on the day.",
"\n\nOne of the biggest surprises on the defensive line was Ikenna Nwafor of Irving (Texas) Cistercian. ",
"The 6-foot-5, 298-pound tackle is a bit raw but has the size and athleticism that colleges covet in interior defensive linemen. ",
"If defense does not work out, he could play offensive guard as well.",
"\n\nDallas (Texas) Skyline running back David Greene and Dallas (Texas) South Oak Cliff running back Paul Franklin also had good days both running and catching the ball."
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[
"Q:\n\nHow to treat 'empty',0,NULL as the same in MySQL ORDER BY statement\n\nI am using a database that I have no real control over (3rd party system) and one of the tables allows the 'featured' column to be either EMPTY,0,1, or NULL.",
"\nAny of the states EMPTY,0,NULL mean the same thing.",
"\nI ORDER BY the 'featured' column, then ORDER BY the 'name' column, but the resulting data is not in alphabetical order, except grouped by 'featured' in alphabetical lists.",
"\nFEATURED | NAME\n--------------------------\n1 | Apple\n1 | Orange\n0 | Avocado\n0 | Banana\n0 | Cauliflower\nNULL | Broccoli\nNULL | Potato\n | Cabbage\n\nBasically, I need to have 0, NULL, EMPTY treated as the same value, so they are all ordered alphabetically.",
"\nExample of ideal output\nFEATURED | NAME\n--------------------------\n1 | Apple\n1 | Orange\n0 | Avocado\n0 | Banana\nNULL | Broccoli\n | Cabbage\n0 | Cauliflower\nNULL | Potato\n\nA:\n\nIf you want them last, I would do this with an expression like this:\norder by (featured is null or featured = '0' or featured = ''),\n name\n\nYou could simplify this to:\norder by ((featured > 0) and featured is not null) desc, name\n\nIf you like.",
"\n\n"
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[
"---\naddress:\n- 'Department of Mathematics,Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India'\n- 'Department of Mathematics, Bidhan Chandra College, Asansol - 4, West Bengal-713303 , India'\n- 'Department of Mathematics,Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India'\n---\n\n[**Conformal Einstein soliton within the framework of para-Kähler manifold** ]{}\n\n0.3cm\n\nBy\n\n0.3cm\n\n[Soumendu Roy [^1], Santu Dey $^2$ and Arindam Bhattacharyya $^3$]{}\n\n0.3cm\n\n0.5cm\n\n**Abstract**\n\nThe object of the present paper is to study some properties of para-Kähler manifold whose metric is conformal Einstein soliton. ",
"We have studied some certain curvature properties of para-Kähler manifold admitting conformal Einstein soliton.\\\n\\\n[**Key words :**]{} Einstein soliton, Conformal Einstein soliton, Einstein manifold, para-Kähler manifold .\\\n\\\n[**2010 Mathematics Subject Classification :**]{} 53C15, 53C44, 53C56.\\\n\n**Introduction**\n================\n\nThe notion of Einstein soliton was introduced by G. Catino and L. Mazzieri [@CATINO] in 2016, which generates self-similar solutions to Einstein flow, $$\\label{1.1}\n \\frac{\\partial g}{\\partial t} = -2(S-\\frac{r}{2}g),$$ where $S$ is Ricci tensor, $g$ is Riemannian metric and $r$ is the scalar curvature.\\\nThe equation of the Einstein soliton [@blaga] is given by, $$\\label{1.2}\n \\pounds_V g+2S+(2\\lambda-r)g=0,$$ where $\\pounds_V$ is the Lie derivative along the vector field $V$, $S$ is the Ricci tensor, $r$ is the scalar curvature of the Riemannian metric $g$, and $\\lambda$ is a real constant.\\\nIn 2015, N. Basu and A. Bhattacharyya [@nbab] introduced the notion of Conformal Ricci soliton equation [@soumendu], [@roy], given by\\\n$$\\label{1.3}\n\\pounds_V g + 2S = [2\\lambda - (p + \\frac{2}{n})]g,$$\\\nwhere $\\pounds_V$ is the Lie derivative along the vector field $V$, $S$ is the Ricci tensor, $\\lambda$ is constant, $p$ is a scalar non-dynamical field(time dependent scalar field) and $n$ is the dimension of the manifold.\\\nSo we introduce the notion of Conformal Einstein soliton as: $$\\label{1.4}\n \\pounds_V g+2S+[2\\lambda-r+(p+\\frac{2}{n})]g=0,$$ where $\\pounds_V$ is the Lie derivative along the vector field $V$ , $S$ is the Ricci tensor, $r$ is the scalar curvature of the Riemannian metric $g$, $\\lambda$ is real constant, $p$ is a scalar non-dynamical field(time dependent scalar field)and $n$ is the dimension of manifold.\\\nAlso it is said to be shrinking, steady or expanding according as $\\lambda < 0$, $\\lambda = 0$ and $\\lambda > 0$ respectively.\\\n\\\nIn the present paper we study conformal Einstein soliton on para-Kähler manifold. ",
"The paper is organized as follows:\\\nAfter introduction, section 2 is devoted for preliminaries on $n$- dimensional para-Kähler manifold, where $n$ is even. ",
"In section 3, we have studied conformal Einstein soliton on para-Kähler manifold. ",
"Here we proved if a $n$- dimensional para-Kähler manifold admits conformal Einstein soliton then the vector field associated with the soliton is solenoidal depens on the scalar curvature. ",
"We have also characterized the nature of the manifold if the manifold is quasi conformally flat, pseudo-projectively flat and $W_2$- flat.\\\n\n**Preliminaries**\n=================\n\nLet $M$ be a connected differentiable manifold of dimension $n = 2m$, $m\\geq2$, $F$ be a (1,1)-tensor field and $g$ be a pseudo-Riemannian metric on $M$. Then $(M, F, g)$ is said to be a para-Kähler manifold if the following conditions hold: $$\\label{2.1}\n F^2=I, \\quad g(FX,FY)=-g(X,Y),\\quad \\nabla F=0.$$ for any $X,Y \\in \\chi(M)$, being the Lie algebra of vector fields on $M$, $\\nabla$ is the Levi-Civita connection of $g$ and $I$ is the identity operator.\\\nIn a para-Kähler manifold $(M, F, g)$, the Riemannian curvature tensor $R$, the Ricci tensor $S$ and the scalar curvature $r$ are defined by: $$\\widetilde{R}(X,Y,Z,W)=g(R(X,Y)Z,W), \\nonumber$$ $$S(X,Y)= trace\\{Z\\rightarrow R(Z,X)Y\\}, \\nonumber$$ $$r=trace S.\\nonumber$$ Also the following properties are satisfied in a para-Kähler manifold: $$\\label{2.2}\n R(FX,FY)Z=-R(X,Y)Z,$$ $$\\label{2.3}\n R(FX,Y)Z=-R(X,FY)Z,$$ $$\\label{2.4}\n S(FX,Y)=-S(FY,X),$$ $$\\label{2.5}\n S(FX,FY)=-S(X,Y).$$\n\n**Some results on conformal Einstein soliton within the framework of para-Kähler manifold** \n============================================================================================\n\nFrom equation , we can write, $$\\label{3.1}\n (\\pounds_V g)(X,Y)+2S(X,Y)+[2\\lambda-r+(p+\\frac{2}{n})]g(X,Y)=0,$$ for any $X,Y \\in \\chi(M)$, being the Lie algebra of vector fields on $M$.\\\nTaking $X = e_i$, $Y = e_i$ in the above equation and summing over $i=1,2,....,n$, we get, $$\\label{3.2}\n div V+r+[\\lambda-\\frac{r}{2}+\\frac{1}{2}(p+\\frac{2}{n})]n=0.$$ If $V$ is solenoidal then $div V = 0$ and so from the above equation we have $r = \\frac{2\\lambda n}{n-2}+\\frac{n(p+\\frac{2}{n})}{n-2}$. Again if $r = \\frac{2\\lambda n}{n-2}+\\frac{n(p+\\frac{2}{n})}{n-2}$ then gives $div V =0.$\\\nSo we can state the following theorem:\\\n\\\n**Theorem 3.1.** [*",
"If the metric of an $n$-dimensional para-Kähler manifold satisfies a conformal Einstein soliton then the vector field associated with the soliton is solenoidal iff the scalar curvature is $\\frac{2\\lambda n}{n-2}+\\frac{n(p+\\frac{2}{n})}{n-2}$, provided $n>2$.*]{}\\\n\\\nThe notion of quasi-conformal curvature tensor was introduced by Yano and Sawaki [@yano] and it is defined by: $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{3.3}\n% \\nonumber % Remove numbering (before each equation)\n C(X,Y)Z &=& \\alpha R(X,Y)Z+ \\beta [S(Y,Z)X-S(X,Z)Y+g(Y,Z)QX \\nonumber \\\\\n &-& g(X,Z)QY]-\\frac{r}{n}(\\frac{\\alpha}{n-1}+2\\beta)[g(Y,Z)X-g(X,Z)Y],\\end{aligned}$$ where $\\alpha$, $\\beta$ are constants, $Q$ is the Ricci operator, defined by $g(QX , Y) = S(X,Y)$ and $n$ is the dimension of the manifold.\\\nMoreover if $\\alpha = 1$ and $\\beta = -\\frac{1}{n-2}$,the above equation reduces to conformal curvature tensor [@eisenhart].\\\nAgain a manifold $(M^n , g)$ where $n>3$, is said to be quasi conformally flat if $C=0.$\\\nNow in an $n$- dimensional para-Kähler manifold, we can define the Ricci tensor $S$ as: $$\\label{3.4}\nS(X,Y)=\\frac{1}{2}\\sum_{i=1}^{n}\\epsilon_i \\widetilde{R}(e_i,F e_i,X,FY),$$ where $\\{e_1 , e_2 , .... , e_n\\}$ is an orthonormal frame and $\\epsilon_i$ is the indicator of $e_i$, $\\epsilon_i = g(e_i , e_i)=1.$\\\nTaking inner product in by $W$, we get, $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{3.5}\n% \\nonumber % Remove numbering (before each equation)\n g(C(X,Y)Z,W) &=& \\alpha \\widetilde{R}(X,Y,Z,W)+ \\beta [S(Y,Z)g(X,W)-S(X,Z)g(Y,W) \\nonumber \\\\\n &+& g(Y,Z)S(X,W)-g(X,Z)S(Y,W)] \\nonumber\\\\\n &-&\\frac{r}{n}(\\frac{\\alpha}{n-1}+2\\beta)[g(Y,Z)g(X,W)-g(X,Z)g(Y,W)].\\end{aligned}$$ Now if the manifold is quasi-conformally flat then the above equation reduces to, $$\\begin{gathered}\n\\label{3.6}\n \\alpha \\widetilde{R}(X,Y,Z,W)+ \\beta [S(Y,Z)g(X,W)-S(X,Z)g(Y,W) \\\\\n +g(Y,Z)S(X,W)-g(X,Z)S(Y,W)]-\\frac{r}{n}(\\frac{\\alpha}{n-1}+2\\beta)[g(Y,Z)g(X,W)\\\\\n -g(X,Z)g(Y,W)]=0.\\end{gathered}$$ Putting $X = e_i, Y= Fe_i, W= FW$ in the above equation and summing over $i=1,2,....,n$ and also using , , we get, $$\\begin{gathered}\n\\label{3.7}\n 2\\alpha S(Z,W)+2\\beta [S(Z,W)-S(FZ,FW)] \\\\\n -\\frac{r}{n}(\\frac{\\alpha}{n-1}+2\\beta)[g(Z,W)-g(FZ,FW)]=0.\\end{gathered}$$ Again using and in the above equation, we obtain, $$\\label{3.8}\n 2\\alpha S(Z,W)+4\\beta S(Z,W)-\\frac{2r}{n}(\\frac{\\alpha}{n-1}+2\\beta)g(Z,W)=0,$$ which reduces to, $$\\label{3.9}\n (\\alpha+2\\beta)S(Z,W)=\\frac{r}{n}(\\frac{\\alpha}{n-1}+2\\beta)g(Z,W).$$ Taking $Z= e_i, W= e_i$ in the above equation and summing over $i= 1,2,.....,n$, we have, $$\\label{3.10}\n r=0,$$ since $\\alpha \\neq 0$.\\\nNow if $r = 0$, then from , we get $S = 0$, provided $\\alpha + 2\\beta \\neq 0$ i.e the manifold is locally flat if $\\alpha + 2\\beta \\neq 0$.\\\nThen becomes, $$\\label{3.11}\n (\\pounds_V g)(X,Y)+[2\\lambda+(p+\\frac{2}{n})]g(X,Y)=0$$ for any $X,Y \\in \\chi(M)$, being the Lie algebra of vector fields on $M$.\\\nPutting $X =Y= e_i$ and summing over $i=1,2,.....,n$, we get, $$\\label{3.12}\n \\sum_{i=1}^{n}\\epsilon_i (\\pounds_V g)(e_i,e_i)+ \\sum_{i=1}^{n}\\epsilon_i [2\\lambda+(p+\\frac{2}{n})]g(e_i,e_i)=0,$$ which reduces to, $$\\label{3.13}\n div V+[\\lambda+\\frac{1}{2}(p+\\frac{2}{n})]n=0.$$ If $V$ is solenoidal then $div V = 0$ and so from we have $\\lambda+\\frac{1}{2}(p+\\frac{2}{n}) = 0$. Also if $\\lambda+\\frac{1}{2}(p+\\frac{2}{n}) = 0$, reduces to $div V = 0$.\\\nThis leads to the following:\\\n\\\n**Theorem 3.2.** [*",
"If the metric of an $n$-dimensional quasi-conformally flat para-Kähler manifold satisfies a conformal Einstein soliton then the vector field associated with the soliton is solenoidal iff $\\lambda+\\frac{1}{2}(p+\\frac{2}{n}) = 0$.*]{}\\\n\\\nThe pseudo-projective curvature tensor $\\overline{P}$ [@prasad] is given by: $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{3.14}\n% \\nonumber % Remove numbering (before each equation)\n \\overline{P}(X,Y))Z &=& aR(X,Y)Z+b[S(Y,Z)X-S(X,Z)Y] \\nonumber \\\\\n &-& \\frac{r}{n}(\\frac{a}{n-1}+b)[g(Y,Z)X-g(X,Z)Y],\\end{aligned}$$ where $a, b \\neq 0$ are constants.\\\nAlso a manifold $(M^n , g)$, is said to be pseudo-projectively flat if $\\overline{P}=0.$\\\nTaking inner product in by $W$, we get, $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{3.15}\n% \\nonumber % Remove numbering (before each equation)\n g(\\overline{P}(X,Y))Z,W) &=& a\\widetilde{R}(X,Y,Z,W)+b[S(Y,Z)g(X,W)-S(X,Z)g(Y,W)] \\nonumber \\\\\n &-& \\frac{r}{n}(\\frac{a}{n-1}+b)[g(Y,Z)g(X,W)-g(X,Z)g(Y,W)].\\nonumber\\\\\\end{aligned}$$ Now if the manifold is pseudo-projectively flat then the above equation reduces to, $$\\begin{gathered}\n\\label{3.16}\n a\\widetilde{R}(X,Y,Z,W)+b[S(Y,Z)g(X,W)-S(X,Z)g(Y,W)] \\\\\n -\\frac{r}{n}(\\frac{a}{n-1}+b)[g(Y,Z)g(X,W)-g(X,Z)g(Y,W)]=0.\\end{gathered}$$ Putting $X = e_i, Y= Fe_i, W= FW$ in the above equation and summing over $i=1,2,....,n$ and also using , , we get, $$\\label{3.17}\n 2aS(Z,W)+b[S(Z,W)-S(FZ,FW)]-\\frac{r}{n}(\\frac{a}{n-1}+b)[g(Z,W)-g(FZ,FW)=0.$$ Again using and in the above equation, we obtain, $$\\label{3.18}\n (a+b)S(Z,W)-\\frac{r}{n}(\\frac{a}{n-1}+b)g(Z,W)=0.$$ Taking $Z= e_i, W= e_i$ in the above equation and summing over $i= 1,2,..,n$, we have, $$\\label{3.19}\n r=0,$$ since $a \\neq 0$.\\\nNow if $r = 0$, then from , we get $S = 0$, provided $a+b \\neq 0$ i.e the manifold is locally flat if $a+b \\neq 0$.\\\nThen becomes, $$\\label{3.20}\n (\\pounds_V g)(X,Y)+[2\\lambda+(p+\\frac{2}{n})]g(X,Y)=0$$ for any $X,Y \\in \\chi(M)$, being the Lie algebra of vector fields on $M$.\\\nPutting $X =Y= e_i$ and summing over $i=1,2,.",
",n$, we get, $$\\label{3.21}\n \\sum_{i=1}^{n}\\epsilon_i (\\pounds_V g)(e_i,e_i)+ \\sum_{i=1}^{n}\\epsilon_i [2\\lambda+(p+\\frac{2}{n})]g(e_i,e_i)=0,$$ which reduces to, $$\\label{3.22}\n div V+[\\lambda+\\frac{1}{2}(p+\\frac{2}{n})]n=0.$$ If $V$ is solenoidal then $div V = 0$ and so from we have $\\lambda+\\frac{1}{2}(p+\\frac{2}{n}) = 0$. Also if $\\lambda+\\frac{1}{2}(p+\\frac{2}{n}) = 0$, reduces to $div V = 0$.\\\nThis leads to the following:\\\n\\\n**Theorem 3.3.** [*",
"If the metric of an $n$-dimensional pseudo-projectively flat para-Kähler manifold satisfies a conformal Einstein soliton then the vector field associated with the soliton is solenoidal iff $\\lambda+\\frac{1}{2}(p+\\frac{2}{n}) = 0$.*]{}\\\n\\\nThe $W_2$-curvature tensor $(n > 2)$ [@mishra] is given by: $$\\label{3.23}\n W_2(X,Y)Z=R(X,Y)Z+\\frac{1}{n-1}[g(X,Z)QY-g(Y,Z)QX].$$ Moreover a manifold is $W_2$- flat if $\\widetilde{W_2}(X,Y,Z,U)=g(W_2(X,Y)Z,U)=0$.\\\nTaking inner product in by $U$, we get, $$\\label{3.24}\n g(W_2(X,Y)Z,U)=\\widetilde{R}(X,Y,Z,U)+\\frac{1}{n-1}[g(X,Z)S(Y,U)-g(Y,Z)S(X,U)].$$ Now if the manifold is $W_2$- flat then the above equation reduces to, $$\\label{3.25}\n \\widetilde{R}(X,Y,Z,U)+\\frac{1}{n-1}[g(X,Z)S(Y,U)-g(Y,Z)S(X,U)]=0.$$ Putting $X = e_i, Y= Fe_i, U= FU$ in the above equation and summing over $i=1,2,....,n$ and also using , , we get, $$\\label{3.26}\n S(Z,U)+\\frac{1}{n-1}[S(FZ,FU)-S(Z,U)]=0.$$ Again using in the above equation, we obtain, $$\\label{3.27}\n (n-3)S(Z,U)=0.$$ Then we have $S(Z,U) = 0$, for any $Z,U \\in \\chi(M)$, being the Lie algebra of vector fields on $M$, since $n$ is even.\\\nHence from the above equation we can get, $r = 0.$\\\nThen becomes, $$\\label{3.28}\n (\\pounds_V g)(X,Y)+[2\\lambda+(p+\\frac{2}{n})]g(X,Y)=0$$ for any $X,Y \\in \\chi(M)$, being the Lie algebra of vector fields on $M$.\\\nPutting $X =Y= e_i$ and summing over $i=1,2,.....,n$, we get, $$\\label{3.29}\n \\sum_{i=1}^{n}\\epsilon_i (\\pounds_V g)(e_i,e_i)+ \\sum_{i=1}^{n}\\epsilon_i [2\\lambda+(p+\\frac{2}{n})]g(e_i,e_i)=0,$$ which reduces to, $$\\label{3.30}\n div V+[\\lambda+\\frac{1}{2}(p+\\frac{2}{n})]n=0.$$ If $V$ is solenoidal then $div V = 0$ and so from we have $\\lambda+\\frac{1}{2}(p+\\frac{2}{n}) = 0$. Also if $\\lambda+\\frac{1}{2}(p+\\frac{2}{n}) = 0$, reduces to $div V = 0$.\\\nThis leads to the following:\\\n\\\n**Theorem 3.4.** [*",
"If the metric of an $n$-dimensional $W_2$- flat para-Kähler manifold satisfies a conformal Einstein soliton then the vector field associated with the soliton is solenoidal iff $\\lambda+\\frac{1}{2}(p+\\frac{2}{n}) = 0$.*]{}\\\n\\\n\nNirabhra Basu, Arindam Bhattacharyya, [*Conformal Ricci soliton in Kenmotsu manifold*]{}, Global Journal of Advanced Research on Classical and Modern Geometries(2015), Vol. ",
"4, Isu. ",
"1, pp. ",
"15-21. ",
"A. M. Blaga, [*On Gradient $\\eta$-Einstein Solitons*]{}, Kragujevac Journal of Mathematics(2018), Volume 42(2), pp-229–237. ",
"G. Catino and L. Mazzieri, [*Gradient Einstein solitons*]{}, Nonlinear Anal(2016). ",
"132, pp-66–94. ",
"L. P. Eisenhart, [*Riemannian Geometry*]{}, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N,J., (1949). ",
"G. P. Pokhariyal, R. S. Mishra, [*The curvature tensor and their relativistic significance*]{}, Yokohoma Math. ",
"J. (1970), vol-18, pp- 105–108. ",
"B. Prasad, [*A pseudo projective curvature tensor on a Riemannian manifold*]{}, Bull. ",
"Calcutta Math. ",
"Soc.(2002), 94 , pp- 163–166. ",
"Soumendu Roy, Arindam Bhattacharyya, [*Conformal Ricci solitons on 3-dimensional trans-Sasakian manifold*]{}, Jordan Journal of Mathematics and Statistics (2020), Vol- 13(1), pp-89-109. ",
"Soumendu Roy, Santu Dey, Arindam Bhattacharyya, Shyamal Kumar Hui, [*$*$-Conformal $\\eta$-Ricci Soliton on Sasakian manifold*]{}, arXiv:1909.01318v1 \\[math.",
"DG\\]. ",
"K. Yano and S. Sawaki, [*Riemannian manifolds admitting a conformal transformation group*]{}, J. Differential Geometry(1968), 2 , pp-161-184.",
"\n\n[^1]: The first author is the corresponding author, supported by Swami Vivekananda Merit Cum Means Scholarship, Government of West Bengal, India.",
"\n"
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[
"contract FunctionCalls {\n function foo() {\n address veryLongValidatorAddress = veryVeryVeryLongSignature.popLast20Bytes();\n }\n\n function foo() {\n Voter you = Voter(1, true);\n\n Voter me = Voter({\n weight: 2,\n voted: abstain()\n });\n\n Voter airbnb = Voter({\n weight: 2,\n voted: true,\n });\n }\n}\n"
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"[Treatment of the spastic drop foot with botulinum toxin type A in adult patients].",
"\nSpastic drop foot can be managed by physical measures, local pharmacological agents, oral anti-spastic drugs and surgical procedures. ",
"Recent studies have documented the clear effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the treatment of the spastic drop foot, particularly by reducing the resistance against passive movement and increasing the range of motion. ",
"Functional benefit and pain reduction have also been observed. ",
"The use of BTX-A is safe and free of serious side effects. ",
"Individual realistic treatment goals must be defined by the rehabilitation team before the treatment. ",
"Possible purposes of the treatment are the achievement of a straight foot to allow weight bearing or application of an orthosis and to reduce the premature activation of the calf muscles during gait. ",
"Other treatment goals are the facilitation of nursing care, as well as physical and occupational therapy. ",
"BTX-A injections can reduce pain, and prevent pressure ulcers or surgical interventions. ",
"Early physiotherapy or occupational therapy may increase the treatment effect of BTX-A. Close cooperation between the neurologist, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, nursing staff and other multidisciplinary rehabilitation team members is essential to maximize the benefit for the patients."
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"Fair market value of each ticket is $75, including a FMV of $10 for the entertainment portion of the event, which is subject to a 10% FDA tax. ",
"Any amount contributed above the FMV is considered tax deductible. ",
"Please consult your tax representative for more information.",
"\n\nOur Biggest Party of the Year\n\nOver 600 supporters of our Nathan Yip Foundation gathering in Denver, Colorado for a memorable evening celebrating the Chinese Lunar New Year.",
"\n\nThis year, we are celebrating the Lunar New Year like no other. ",
"We're bringing back karaoke and adding a silent disco! ",
"Plus, we're expanding our fun-filled Chinese-themed Night Market. ",
"It's our version of a street party, complete with troupes of acrobats, Chinese lion dancers, and of course tasty themed food stations.",
"\n\nYou won't want to miss this party!",
"\n\nEast meets West at the biggest Chinese New Year party in the Rocky Mountains!",
"\n\nJoin us as we take on a new look and feel, converting at Denver’s iconic McNichols Building, located in the heart of Civic Center Park, into a bustling Chinese Night Market. ",
"Our guests will get an exclusive chance to be transported to China, where they'll experience delicious and unique cuisine, fun activities and thrilling performances around every corner.",
"\n\nMEET OUR 2018 CHAIRS\n\nRyta and Steve Sondergard.",
"\n\nRyta and Steve Sondergard are long-time supporters of local and international philanthropic efforts. ",
"Their main focus is on children's health and education.",
"\n\nSteve has been an oil and gas man for all of his working career, having worked in refining and development for companies in Switzerland, England, Venezuela, Canada and the U.S. He is currently the Executive Vice President of Downstream Operations for Sinclair Oil Corporation. ",
"He is a published author (Climate Balance: A Balanced and Realistic View of Climate Change) and noted speaker. ",
"His community involvement includes support of the Nathan Yip Foundation, Colorado UpLift, Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children and many other organizations.",
"\n\nRyta is Community Relations Specialist for Sinclair Oil Corporation. ",
"Ryta has been a mainstay in Denver’s nonprofit activities for many years. ",
"She remains involved with a few Colorado organizations as well as organizations in Wyoming, Utah and internationally. ",
"Her efforts are targeted at self-sufficiency for women and families, the arts and literacy. ",
"Ryta has served as president and member of numerous guilds and associations. ",
"She is an accomplished writer and speaker.",
"\n\nRyta and Steve now reside in Cottonwood Heights, Utah with Luka, their Bernese Mountain Dog."
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"Centrally mediated hypotension and bradycardia induced by an aminotetralin derivative: TL-68.",
"\nAn aminotetralin derivate, N,N-dipropyl-2-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (TL-68) induced a prolonged decrease in blood pressure and heart rate when administered i.v. ",
"in anesthetized cats. ",
"The compound inhibited the blood pressure and heart rate responses induced by central stump stimulation of the sciatic nerve indicating inhibition of sympathetic transmission. ",
"TL-68 caused a weak inhibition of the positive chronotropic response induced by stimulation of the cardioaccelerator nerve. ",
"When comparatively low doses of TL-68 were injected into the left vertebral artery, a considerable dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure and heart rate developed. ",
"The same doses had only small or negligible effects on blood pressure and heart rate when given intravenously. ",
"When TL-68 was injected into a lateral cerebral ventricle of unanesthetized rats, a significant hypotension and bradycardia was observed which could be prevented by prior intraventricular injection of phentolamine. ",
"The results suggest that this compound exerts its effect through a central mechanism of action, perhaps by stimulation of alpha-adrenoreceptors."
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[
"/* Copyright 2006-2008 Joaquin M Lopez Munoz.",
"\n * Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.",
"\n * (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at\n * http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)\n *\n * See http://www.boost.org/libs/flyweight for library home page.",
"\n */\n\n#ifndef BOOST_FLYWEIGHT_NO_TRACKING_HPP\n#define BOOST_FLYWEIGHT_NO_TRACKING_HPP\n\n#if defined(_MSC_VER)\n#pragma once\n#endif\n\n#include <boost/config.hpp> /* keep it first to prevent nasty warns in MSVC */\n#include <boost/flyweight/no_tracking_fwd.hpp>\n#include <boost/flyweight/tracking_tag.hpp>\n\n/* Null tracking policy: elements are never erased from the factory.",
"\n */\n\nnamespace boost{\n\nnamespace flyweights{\n\nstruct no_tracking:tracking_marker\n{\n struct entry_type\n {\n template<typename Value,typename Key>\n struct apply{typedef Value type;};\n };\n\n struct handle_type\n {\n template<typename Handle,typename TrackingHelper>\n struct apply{typedef Handle type;};\n };\n};\n\n} /* namespace flyweights */\n\n} /* namespace boost */\n\n#endif\n"
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[
"The recovery of nocardial recombinants from broth cultures.",
"\nBroth culture media were examined for their ability to support growth and recombination between compatible strains of Nocardia erythropolis. ",
"Nutrient(Nut) and peptone-yeast-extract (PY) broths supported the production of recombinants after 36 h of incubation with a maximum recovery of about 6.0 times 10(-7) CFU/ml. ",
"Cells mated in trypticase broth (TB) yielded the highest incidence of recombinants (1.0 times 10(-2) CFU/ml) in the absence of parental cell growth. ",
"From a chemically defined mating broth (CD), supplemented with limited amounts of the parental-growth requirements, recombinant recovery reached about 1.0 times 10(-4) after 120 h of incubation. ",
"The recombinant class types obtained from Nut- or PT-mated strains were predominantly auxotrophic while TB-mated strains produced stable proteotrophs. ",
"The high incidence of recombinant types from TB-mated strains was due to growth of selected prototrophic classes. ",
"Studies with strains mated in PY broth indicated that the mating event occurs at very low frequencies between older, stationary-phase cells rather than between actively growing, log-phase cells."
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[
"DarXabre\n\nDarXabre was a Dutch video game developer led by the Dutch/Canadian Jason Garber. ",
"The company was founded in 2001 and had a sales office in Amsterdam and a development studio in Berlin. ",
"The company gained worldwide fame in 2001 with the controversial game Hooligans: Storm Over Europe, a strategy game with the objective to become the most popular group of soccer hooligans in Europe. ",
"Despite the controversy, much media attention and a bestseller status in the Netherlands and Belgium, the game was not a huge success worldwide. ",
"DarXabre didn't even manage to find a big game publisher for Hooligans: Storm Over Europe in all the countries it was released.",
"\n\nIn 2011 DarXabre - still led by Garber – made a brief and unsuccessful comeback as a developer of apps for the iPhone and iPad. ",
"In 2011 it released two app games for iOS: Banana Banzai (a colorful platform game) and Das Haus Anubis - Die Rache der Spinx (based on the children's series House of Anubis and developed for MTV Networks Germany).",
"\n\nControversy Hooligans: Storm Over Europe \nThe Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB) called Hooligans: Storm Over Europe 'unacceptable' and wanted to stop the release of the game in The Netherlands. ",
"Despite the efforts of the KNVB to ban the game, distributor Artware still distributed the game in The Netherlands, however the game got an 18+ rating.",
"\n\nThe English Football Association also wanted a ban on the game, but also that didn't happen. ",
"In England the game also got an 18+ rating by the British Board of Film Classification. ",
"Fans of the Scottish team were angry because the Tartan Army (the nickname of the Scottish fans) was portrayed as aggressive hooligans in the game. ",
"A French tabloid called Jason Garber a 'fascist' for making and promoting the game.",
"\n\nMicroMouse, a Japanese software developer, released the game under the shorter title Hooligans in 2002 in Japan. ",
"Because the release was planned just before the 2002 FIFA World Cup in Japan and South Korea, the game again gained some controversy in Japan. ",
"In the United States publisher Hip Interactive also published the game under the shorter title Hooligans, but that was not very successful.",
"\n\nGames \n Hooligans: Storm Over Europe (Windows, 2001)\n Banana Banzai (iOS, 2011)\n Das Haus Anubis - Die Rache der Spinx (iOS, 2011)\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Video game companies of the Netherlands\nCategory:Defunct video game companies"
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[
"The Knew\n\nThe Knew is an American rock and roll band from Denver, CO consisting of Jacob Hansen (guitars, vocals), Tim Rynders (bass), Tyler Breuer (guitars), and Andy Thomas (drums). ",
" The group takes influences from such acts as The Rolling Stones, The Clash, Dillinger Four, The Replacements, and My Morning Jacket. ",
"The Knew has shared the stage with numerous national acts such as Cold War Kids, Deer Tick, Titus Andronicus, Afghan Whigs, Fake Problems, Manchester Orchestra, Slim Cessna's Auto Club and has appeared at such festivals as South by Southwest, CMJ Music Marathon, Mile High Music Festival and the Monolith Festival. ",
" The band is renowned for their high energy performances and being front row boys.",
"\n\nThe Knew's song \"Salvazar\" was featured in the AMC drama show, Breaking Bad and their songs \"By Yourself\" and \"United\" are both available for the Rock Band series on Xbox 360. ",
"In the Spring of 2011, their song \"Coldblack\" was featured in an advertisement for Victory Motorcycles.",
"\n\nThe Knew's debut LP, Pulpería, was charted on the CMJ 200 in May 2010 and received favorable reviews from local and national press, with The Onion citing each track as having a \"renewed complexity and diversity of emotion... a rich, enjoyable listen\".",
"\n\nThe Knew's second full length, Man Monster, was released in August 2012 to critical acclaim. ",
" It was recorded at Black and Bluhm Studios in the Park Hill neighborhood of Denver. ",
" Man Monster is noted as their most ambitious release to date.",
"\n\nIn 2013, Snappy Little Numbers Recordings released the What's Hip (Long Walk)/World War (Ay Ay Ay Alright) single. ",
" The songs have received much critical attention in both the U.S. and Australia.",
"\n\nThe Knew also recorded a Daytrotter Session in 2013, which features previously unreleased songs and different versions of older material. ",
" It also includes a Cock Sparrer cover. ",
" \n\nThe Knew released their third full-length album, Schmew, in September 2015 under the Greater Than Collective label. ",
" It's a gas.",
"\n\nDiscography\n Pulpería (album) (2010, SFP Records 001)\n Before It Ends 7\" (2010, SFP Records 002)\n Man Monster (LP) (2012, SFP Records 004)\n What's Hip (Long Walk)/World War (Ay Ay Ay Alright) (2013, Snappy Little Numbers, SLN 107)\n Schmew (LP) (2015, Greater Than Collectvive 015)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nThe Knew\nDenver Post | You Thought You Knew The Knew\nDenver Post | Getting to Know The Knew\nSecret Decoder | Snappy Little Numbers\nSonic Masala \n\nCategory:Indie rock musical groups from Colorado\nCategory:Musical groups from Denver"
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"Tibet national football team\n\nThe Tibet national football team is a football team representing the cultural region of Tibet and is organised by the Tibetan National Football Association (TNFA), an organization of exiled Tibetans. ",
"Its current team manager is Kelsang Dhondup.",
"\n\nMany of the players are in exile and are represented by the Tibetan Government in Exile. ",
"The team is part of neither FIFA nor the AFC and does not participate in international tournaments. ",
"The TNFA was founded in 2001 and its goal is to gain an official status.",
"\n\nHistory\n\nThe Forbidden Team\nThe first international game the team played against a non-Asian team was against Greenland, which took place in Denmark. ",
" The team was followed by a documentary film crew, during the process of forming the team, practices, the match, and everything in between. ",
" The documentary was named 'The Forbidden Team'. ",
" To form the team, a selective tournament was held in Dehradun, India. ",
"It featured all the various Tibetan football teams around India.",
"\n\nAfter the team was selected, Team Tibet headed to Dharamsala to begin their practice sessions where Jens Espense was hired by the Tibetan Football Association to coach the team for the match. ",
" He had only a month to get them conditioned and ready to play and the players were not even at a minor league level. ",
"Moreover, the pitch was in horrible condition and only half of it could be used as it was located on a public road. ",
"During practice, Karma Nyodup was working to get all documentation done for the flight to Greenland. ",
"Numbers of players were soon dropped due to improper travel documents.",
"\n\nAfter a month had passed, the team flew to Denmark for their first international game, which was organized by Michael Nybrandt. ",
"He was also advocating Tibet when the Chinese government raised their cause for concern. ",
"China did not want this match to happen as they believed Tibet belonged to China. ",
" It threatened to cut off all its trade with Denmark if the match went on as planned. ",
" Denmark however, did not back down and allowed the game to take place. ",
" On 30 June 2001 the Tibetan National Football Team played its first international match where it lost 1–4 against Greenland.",
"\n\nFIFI Wild Cup (Hamburg, Germany) and ELF Cup (Northern Cyprus)\nThe 2006 FIFI Wild Cup took place in Hamburg, Germany. ",
" The first match they played was against St. Pauli on 30 May 2006. ",
" They lost this game 7–0. ",
" The second and final match of Tibet in this tournament was against Gibraltar on 31 May 2006. ",
" They lost this game 5–0. ",
" During the ELF Cup Tibet did not win any games and they suffered their biggest defeat. ",
" The first game was against Tajikistan on 19 November 2006 where they lost 3–0. ",
" On 20 November, Tibet played the Crimean Tatars, which they lost 1–0. ",
" Finally on 21 November the biggest loss came when Tibet played Northern Cyprus, who beat them 10–0.",
"\n\nInternational Tournament of Peoples, Cultures and Tribes \nFrom 22 to 29 June 2013, Tibet was invited to Marseille in France to participate in the first edition of the International Tournament of Peoples, Cultures and Tribes.",
"\nThe Tibetan selection will finish the competition in fifth place.",
"\n\n2018 ConIFA World Football Cup \nFor the first time in its history the Tibetan selection participates in the 2018 ConIFA World Football Cup by qualifying with the wild card.",
"\n\nCurrent squad\nThe following players were called up to the squad for the 2018 ConIFA World Football Cup in London.",
"\n\nHead Coach: Penpa Tsering\n\nSelected Internationals\n\nGeneral Secretaries of the TNFA\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n (TNFA)\n (ConIFA) \n\n \nCategory:Sport in Tibet\nCategory:Asian national and official selection-teams not affiliated to FIFA"
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"The show featured a variety of numbers with an Olympic theme, including “Double McTwist” (snowboarding), “Super G” (skiing), “Night Train” (bobsledding), “Miracle on Ice” (hockey), and “Ice Castles” (figure skating).",
"\n\nUnited States men’s national competitor Alex Aiken, back for a fourth year as the featured guest skater, performed twice. ",
"Vineyard soloists included Amanda Bernard, Sally Caron, Lily Davey, Sarah Thomas, and Megan Zeilinger.",
"\n\nSkaters from the MVFSC Freestyle, Bridge, Learn To Skate, and Snowplow Sam Tots programs all performed. ",
"Mascot Snowplow Sam the bear was also on hand."
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"Q:\n\nHow do I check my own form doing weight lifting?",
"\n\nI don't work out with a partner and I don't want to, so that's not an option. ",
"Is there a general method I can use to check my own form during moves?",
"\nFor me this is specifically about bodybuilding exercises, but I suppose the same would apply for other exercises as well.",
"\n\nA:\n\nShort of getting coached directly, the best tool for the job is taking video. ",
" There are a number of digital video recorders that have at least an hour of video available on the device. ",
" When you are training by yourself, you want a video recorder that can stable enough for you to stand up and trust that it won't fall over while you are lifting. ",
" You may need a mini tripod if that's going to be difficult.",
"\n\nYou won't be able to get your full body in the shot, so decide what's the most critical part and position the camera so you will capture that.",
"\nExperiment and find the best angle and distance to capture the video. ",
" You might be constrained by the environment (i.e. where equipment is placed, high traffic areas, etc.)",
"\nReview the video after every set. ",
" It should at least tell you if you are getting deep enough on squats, etc.",
"\n\nAfter the training is done, take the video off the device and do a bit of post processing. ",
" At the very simplest, you'll want to remove all the dead time. ",
" There's even some free software that can help you analyze your movement patterns called Kinovea. ",
" There's a pretty steep learning curve with that, but you'll be able to tell if the bar is moving in a straight line, and it will help you understand where you need to improve.",
"\nI never train with a partner either, mostly due to logistics. ",
" However I've found that using video, I can see and correct things myself, and my coach who is in another state can review my technique and progress. ",
" He's been able to identify supplemental work I needed to do to enable better technique at some of my lifts.",
"\n\n"
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[
"The New York Port Authority got its start as a Progressive Era project–an agency that would work for the overall benefit of the very interconnected New York-New Jersey region. ",
"Who–outside of the Tri-State region–knew? ",
"Or maybe we knew, but forgot. ",
"Or maybe people who don’t like big-ass progressive projects that work for the common good just don’t want to know. ",
"Anyway…\n\nElizabeth Kolbert explains the Port Authority’s high-minded history as well as its more contemporary politicization in her New Yorker article, “How Chris Christie Ruined the Port Authority,”\n\n…a product of the Progressive Era, the authority was to be insulated from the vagaries of politics on both sides of the river, which is to say also from Trenton’s and Albany’s multifarious forms of corruption. ",
"Half its commissioners would be appointed by the governor of New York and half by the governor of New Jersey, but to promote their independence they would serve staggered, six-year terms. ",
"Amazingly, this arrangement worked for the better part of the twentieth century. ",
"One of the Port Authority’s first major construction projects was, as it happens, the George Washington Bridge. …",
"The authority earned a reputation for integrity and professionalism. ",
"Writing in the nineteen-fifties, a reporter for the Newark News noted the “incredible vigor and efficiency” of its operations, “as contrasted with the slumberland of the average City Hall.”",
"\n\nThen, along came Chris Christie:\n\n…As soon as Christie took office, in 2010, he set about stuffing the weakened agency with his supporters. ",
"A lawsuit filed by a former employee revealed that within two years the new administration had sought berths at the Port Authority for nearly fifty loyalists. …",
"By September, 2013, when the events at the center of the scandal took place, the authority was in such disarray that top-level Christie appointees were barely speaking to their colleagues from across the Hudson."
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"These products received plenty of applause at the event, and they offer many conveniences. ",
"The Echo Buds, for example, will let users make calls, order an Uber, and ping Siri or Alexa to play music. ",
"The Loop will let you ask Alexa which items are in stock at your local Whole Foods.",
"\n\nRead: The Amazon-ification of Whole Foods\n\nMost likely, they’ll be hugely popular, even though Amazon has had a slew of recent privacy scandals. ",
"In January, The Intercept found that human reviewers watch video clips of users’ houses recorded by Amazon Ring products. ",
"In April, Bloomberg revealed that human reviewers listen in on audio clips sent from Alexa-enabled speakers. ",
"A series of exposés from CNET and Vice revealed that police departments keep registries of Amazon Ring owners. ",
"Yet customers keep buying what Amazon’s selling. ",
"This dissonance might seem like a job for Mister Gotcha. ",
"But even during the tech backlash, smart-home products are still selling well because of consumers’ frustrations with their hyper-optimized, hyper-digital lives—not despite them.",
"\n\nAmazon pitches talking rings and smart glasses as a way to declutter and disconnect from the overwhelming tech tedium of checking your phone, responding to texts and emails, setting reminders, and so on. “",
"It’s a way to snack on information throughout your day,” Dave Limp, the senior vice president for Amazon devices, told the audience yesterday. ",
"Limp said the company chose not to put a display or camera in its Echo Frames because “we want you to focus on your everyday.”",
"\n\nRead: Amazon Ring will survive the anti-surveillance backlash\n\nSilicon Valley created a more hectic world when it turned the too-long in-person meeting into a concise email, then trimmed that down to a Slack message, which demands an immediate response—along with the daily torrent of Twitter DMs, appointment reminders, and news updates on the latest viral TikTok and CEO resignation. ",
"But Amazon has a solution: still more products, more ways to be notified. ",
"The company’s play to survive the tech backlash is to double down.",
"\n\nAnyone who uses tech has already given up some privacy as the cost of admission to our efficient, mobile world, with all its pings, dings, and buzzes. ",
"If you already have Siri on your phone or Alexa speakers in your apartment, the wearable version seems like a smaller personal cost to privacy, especially if it lets you compete more effectively with your peers in the contest of always-on-ness. ",
"What’s a little bit more?",
"\n\nWe want to hear what you think about this article. ",
"Submit a letter to the editor or write to [email protected]."
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"Establishment of an assisted reproduction program in the Armed Forces.",
"\nApproximately one in seven couples are infertile. ",
"Half of these couples fail to conceive following conventional therapies. ",
"Recently, technologies have evolved which provide hope to these couples and lead to cumulative pregnancy rates of 65%. ",
"An assisted reproduction (AR) program has recently been established at Wilford Hall Medical Center. ",
"The reproductive endocrinologists, on-service residents, and clinic support staff are responsible for all aspects of care including stimulation, retrieval, andrology, embryology, and transfer. ",
"To date, there have been 104 transfers with 28 pregnancies. ",
"In summary, AR is available in the Armed Forces and allows infertile couples to receive state-of-the-art health care."
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"Friday, August 28, 2009\n\nSticky hands\n\nWhen people talk about Wing Chun, they ofter refer to being \"sticky\". ",
"It seems to me that a lot of people use this word but don't seem to know what it means. ",
"If two people are moving their hands together in some kind of cooperative or coordinated movement. ",
"That is not being sticky. ",
"If two people who have studied Wing Chun for many years do chisao so they move in kind of Wing Chun style patterns, that is not being sticky.",
"\n\nSticky is when you are moving toward a person with your hand, arm or other body part, and they want to stop you so they resist, they now have no choice but to move with you in another direction since they resisted getting touched or hit, they are \"sticking\" to you. ",
"Another way to think about it is you put the person in the position of having a choice, they can get hit or stick to you. ",
"Either way, you \"win\".",
"\n\nIf you continue to keep your pressure aimed at them, they will continue to stick to you. ",
"Constant forward force or perhaps I should say steady forward force is required to be sticky. ",
"If the person pulls their hands back or moves backward, this forward force will result in you walking forward. ",
"I am not trying to be critical, but I don't understand how chisao is performed or how people can stick if neither person is generating forward force.",
"\n\nChisao can be performed without this forward force, but it becomes a reaction time drill rather than a truly interactive drill. ",
"Without the forward force, whoever moves fastest will win. ",
"With the forward force (generated at the feet), better wing chun skill will prevail (ha!, ",
"what a silly word).",
"\n\n7 comments:\n\nSo the teacher or \"senior student\" teaches the junior student to move at a tempo, holding each position one second, waiting one second between each change. (\"",
"The rules of chisao\", as some call it\")\n\nThen the \"senior student\" moves at a tempo of .9 seconds, .9 seconds, .9 seconds, etc.",
"\n\nAnd the junior student thinks Phillip....oops, I mean, the senior student...has really good feeling!",
"\n\nAlso, the \"senior student\" doesn't get that a \"move\" doesn't just mean moving. ",
"Any change of power or pressure is a \"move\". ",
"So when you suddenly stiffen up in the middle of a \"move\" to stop your partners motion, you actually did two changes in the space of one \"move\".",
"\n\nI do the same thing when I play paper-scissor-rock with six year olds.",
"\n\nI make \"paper\" just a tenth of a second after they make \"rock\", and I win every time. ",
"The six-year-olds can't tell that I'm cheating because I'm doing it almost at the same time, but not at the same time.",
"\n\nYeah, I see where you are coming from. ",
"There are some very specific \"rules\" that have to be done for chisao to really work as a training activity, but at its heart it is non-cooperative or competitive. ",
"Often people assume certain rules and then learn how to break them after they have been there awhile. ",
"Things like touda or \"sneak hitting\" People will often say you are not supposed to do that when actually, you aren't supposed to do it because you will get hit. ",
"If you can't hit the person when they touda, don't tell them not to do it. ",
"As a matter of fact the general rule is don't comment on what a person is doing unless you can beat it (or unless its keeps you from being able to do chisao or is unreasonably dangerous)\n\n\"As a matter of fact the general rule is don't comment on what a person is doing unless you ... unless its keeps you from being able to do chisao\"\n\nDoes that include sudden massive speed-up to score a \"point\", and then stopping everything and going back to pansao starting position as if chisao and point-sparring were the same thing? (",
"Oh, hi Tierri!)"
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"PREHOOK: query: CREATE TABLE non_native(key int, value string)\nSTORED BY 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.",
"DefaultStorageHandler'\nPREHOOK: type: CREATETABLE\nPREHOOK: Output: database:default\nPREHOOK: Output: default@non_native\nPOSTHOOK: query: CREATE TABLE non_native(key int, value string)\nSTORED BY 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.",
"DefaultStorageHandler'\nPOSTHOOK: type: CREATETABLE\nPOSTHOOK: Output: database:default\nPOSTHOOK: Output: default@non_native\nFAILED: SemanticException [Error 10147]: Cannot truncate non-native table non_native.",
"\n"
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"Jobs in Canada\n\nThe unemployment rate in Canada was at 5.8% in the month of March 2019, it’s more than October 2018. ",
"Jobs are on the increase in British Columbia, Ontario, and Alberta and popular industries across Canada include\n\nagriculture\n\nfishing\n\nenergy\n\nmanufacturing\n\nhealthcare\n\nretail\n\nmining\n\ntourism.",
"\n\nPOPULAR GRADUATE JOBS IN CANADA\n\nAccountant\n\nHR manager\n\nElectrical engineer\n\nRegistered nurse\n\nMerchandiser\n\nHow to get a job in Canada.",
"\n\nThe majority of jobs opportunities are posted online. ",
"You can find any job by searching at:\n\nCanadian employers will require a resume rather than the UK standard CV and covering letter. ",
"A resume is designed to be more concise and tailored to each individual job application. ",
"A writing guide and examples can be found at Settlement.org.",
"\n\nSummer Jobs in Canada\n\nThe majority of summer jobs in Canada are in summer camps or hospitality and you can find opportunities at:\n\nYou will need an International Experience Canada (IEC) working holiday visa to carry out summer work in the country.",
"\n\nMost people need either a visa or an Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) to travel to Canada. ",
"To find out which applies to you visit Government Canada where you can answer a couple of questions to assess your eligibility.",
"\n\nAnyone traveling into Canada must do so with the correct travel documents, and must be able to prove that they are:\n\nfinancially capable of supporting their trip\n\na law-abiding citizen\n\nmedically fit.",
"\n\nRelated: Visa Free Countries For Pakistan & List of Visa On Arrival & E-Visa\n\nYou will usually need either an open or employer-specific permit to work in Canada and you can find out which one best suits your needs at Government Canada, “Types of work permits”. ",
"If you’re planning to be in Canada for more than a few years, you might consider applying for permanent residency.",
"\n\nLanguage requirements\n\nCanada is officially a bilingual country. ",
"It’s home to both English and French speakers. ",
"Fluency in English will be enough to navigate around the vast majority of Canadian cities and provinces. ",
"Quebec is the only officially French-speaking province, although you’ll likely be exposed to both languages wherever you are based.",
"\n\nIf English is not your maternal language, you will need to prove your proficiency via an accredited online test. ",
"The Government of Canada approves two English tests:\n\nIELTS: International English Language Testing System\n\nCELPIP: Canadian English Language Proficiency Index Program\n\nWorking life in Canada\n\nOn average you will be expected to work 40 hours a week, Monday to Friday, although this will depend on the company and the role.",
"\n\nThe average Canadian salary is CAD$55,000 and the minimum wage in any profession is set by each individual province. ",
"The tax system in Canada benefits the lower income brackets, where they’re fixed at 15% on any salary below CAD$47,630.",
"\n\nAlso Read: Canadian Student visa for select Pakistanis, Indians in 20 days\n\nHolidays are issued as standard, with workers being entitled to nine paid public holidays, and a minimum of two weeks’ annual leave after one year of paid work, this increases to three after six years’ service."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
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[
"Evaluation of the neurobehavioral functioning of patients before, during, and after bone marrow transplantation.",
"\nTo evaluate the cognitive and emotional functioning of patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in the protected environment (PE). ",
"Patients were given tests of cognition and mood before their hospitalization in the PE, after 2 weeks, at discharge, and at 8 months post-BMT. ",
"Locus of control, degree of social support, previous biotherapy, and on-treatment psychiatric consultation were also analyzed. ",
"Before BMT, 20% of patients had mild cognitive dysfunction, and nearly 40% had significant anxiety. ",
"Although few patients developed problems with cognition or mood during the study, short-term memory deficits nearly doubled at follow-up compared with baseline. ",
"Anxiety decreased significantly during hospitalization and remained low at follow-up. ",
"In contrast, depression increased throughout hospitalization, but decreased at follow-up. ",
"Pre-BMT emotional status and cognitive functioning were highly related to long-term outcome. ",
"Type of BMT, locus of control, and degree of social support were related to psychologic distress and cognitive functioning, both during and after BMT. ",
"Patient age was not a predictor of neurobehavioral symptoms during or after BMT. ",
"Pretransplant emotional and cognitive functioning are important determinants of long-term outcome and quality of life (QOL) in BMT patients. ",
"In addition, a few patients undergoing BMT develop short-term memory difficulties and mood disturbance that may persist. ",
"Pretransplant identification of patients at risk for neurobehavioral difficulties may guide early interventions during hospitalization. ",
"Posttransplant assessment may then be used to develop rehabilitation programs and other interventions for individuals with persisting complaints."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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0.0010826714569702744,
0.0005959137342870235
] | 0.000823 | 15 |
[
"/**\n * @licstart The following is the entire license notice for the\n * Javascript code in this page\n *\n * Copyright 2020 Mozilla Foundation\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.",
"\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.",
"\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.",
"\n *\n * @licend The above is the entire license notice for the\n * Javascript code in this page\n */\n\"use strict\";\n\nvar _util = require(\"../../shared/util.js\");\n\nvar _is_node = require(\"../../shared/is_node.js\");\n\nvar _node_stream = require(\"../../display/node_stream.js\");\n\nvar _api = require(\"../../display/api.js\");\n\nif (!_",
"is_node.isNodeJS) {\n throw new Error(\"The `gulp unittestcli` command can only be used in Node.js environments.\");",
"\n}\n\n(0, _util.setVerbosityLevel)(_util.",
"VerbosityLevel.",
"ERRORS);\n(0, _api.setPDFNetworkStreamFactory)(function (params) {\n return new _node_stream.",
"PDFNodeStream(params);\n});"
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"pile_set_name": "Github"
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0.0007009014370851219
] | 0.001081 | 9 |
[
"Q:\n\nSearch multiple field in MongoDB with MeteorJS\n\nI am beginner in programming and interested to learn MeteorJS. ",
"I want to search category_name and subcategory_name by keyword or alphabet.:)",
"\nThis is my code.",
"\ncollections: subcategory\n{\n _id:\"ZbwCsJEMi2DesyJA7\",\n category_name: \"ICT\",\n subcategory_name: \"Laptop\"\n}\n\nsubcategory.js\n\nTemplate.Subcategory.events({\n \"keyup .searchbox\": function(event){\n var query = event.target.value;\n Session.set('query', query);\n }\n});\n\nTemplate.Subcategory.helpers({\n subcategory: function(){\n var filter = {sort: {}};\n var query = Session.get('query');\n filter.sort[Session.get('sortby')] = 1;\n return Subcategory.find({ subcategory_name: new RegExp(query, 'i')} , filter ); \n }\n});\n\nA:\n\nSeems like you are looking for $or operator:\nvar queryRegexp = new RegExp(query, 'i');\n\nreturn Subcategory.find({\n $or: [\n { category_name: queryRegexp },\n { subcategory_name: queryRegexp }\n ]\n} , filter);\n\nOfficial Mongo's documentation for $or: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/query/or/\n\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
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[
"Serum iron determination using ferene triazine.",
"\nThe synthesis and characterisation of a new colorimetric reagent for iron, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-bis(2-furyl)-1,2,4-triazine are described. ",
"Peak assignments and chemical shifts of the high resolution 13C nmr spectrum are given. ",
"The reagent forms a tris iron(II) complex with epsilon max of 32000 Lcm-1 mol-1 at 577 nm. ",
"The results of precision, linearity and recovery studies for use of the reagent in direct serum iron determinations are reported. ",
"Thiourea effectively suppresses copper interference for the serum iron determinations. ",
"With the procedure used, the presence of hemolysed cells in the serum had no effect on serum iron levels recorded."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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0.0006825366872362792
] | 0.000672 | 7 |
[
"Patch test results may vary depending on where testing is performed: a comparison of patch test results from three geographically distinct sites in the USA.",
"\nDo patch test results vary from one part of the USA to another? ",
"Few reports directly compare the results of patch testing across centers within the USA. ",
"Our objective was to compare results of patch testing from three geographically disparate Mayo Clinic sites in the USA to ascertain whether there are any differences in allergic patch test rates. ",
"We retrospectively reviewed patch test results for patients tested with a standard allergen series using our enterprise-wide protocol for patch testing. ",
"We compared data collected from January 1, 2001, through to December 31, 2007, from our practice sites in the Midwest, Southwest, and Southeast regions of the USA. ",
"In total, 5063 patients underwent patch testing. ",
"The mean (standard deviation) number of allergens tested per patient was 70.3 (3.8) (range: 10-87; interquartile range: 68-73). ",
"Analyses were conducted separately for 72 allergens with positive reactions from at least 20 patients. ",
"Risk-adjusted positive reaction rates (RAPRRs) for 44 allergens differed significantly (P<0.05) among the geographic sites; RAPRRs differed significantly across all three sites for 11 allergens and between two of the three sites for 33 allergens. ",
"Allergic patch test rates differed among our three practice sites for many allergens. ",
"It is likely that many factors contributed to these observed differences, including variations in the population undergoing patch testing, variations in allergen exposure, and variations in climate."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} | [
0.0005187534843571484,
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[
"Idris Elba’s new Netflix comedy “Turn Up Charlie” will debut March 15, the streaming giant announced Thursday, as it also released the first images from the show.",
"\n\nCo-created by Elba and Gary Reich, “Turn Up Charlie” sees Elba star as a struggling DJ and eternal bachelor, who is given a final chance at success when he reluctantly becomes a “manny” to his famous best friend’s problem-child daughter (Frankie Hervey). ",
"Piper Perabo and JJ Feild co-star. ",
"The cast also includes Angela Griffin, Guz Khan, Jocelyn Jee Esein, Jade Anouka, Cameron King and Dustin Demri-Burns.",
"\n\nThe eight-part series is co-produced by Elba’s Green Door Pictures and Reich’s Brown Eyed Boy Productions, with Elba and Reich serving as executive producers alongside Tristram Shapeero. ",
"Shapeero directs the series with Matt Lipsey. ",
"Martin Joyce and Ana Garanito serve as co-executive producers.",
"\n\nIt’s the second comedy series Elba has created following Sky’s “In the Long Run,” which debuted on Sky One last March and saw the actor play an immigrant from Sierra Leone living with his family in London circa 1985. ",
"The show was loosely based on Elba’s own life.",
"\n\nThe actor is currently starring in the fifth season of BBC crime drama “Luther,” the first time that hard-bitten London detective DCI John Luther has returned to the screen since 2015. ",
"The role won Elba a Golden Globe in 2012 and earned him nominations for a BAFTA and four Emmys.",
"\n\nElba recently made his feature directorial debut with “Yardie,” which debuted at the Sundance Film Festival last January. ",
"He will next be seen on the big screen this August in “Fast & Furious” spinoff “Hobbs & Shaw” as the villain Brixton, opposite Dwayne Johnson and Jason Statham. ",
"He is currently filming Tom Hooper’s movie adaptation of Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical “Cats,” in which he plays Macavity."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
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0.0006918031722307205,
0.0009856227552518249,
0.001030354993417859
] | 0.000947 | 14 |
[
"Food Type and Lentil Variety Affect Satiety Responses but Not Food Intake in Healthy Adults When Lentils Are Substituted for Commonly Consumed Carbohydrates.",
"\nLentils have potential to increase satiety and may contribute to a body weight management strategy; however, the effects on satiety of replacing common food ingredients with lentils within food products remain largely unknown. ",
"The aim of this study was to determine the effects of replacing wheat and rice with 2 lentil varieties within muffins and chilies on satiety, test-meal food intake, and 24-h energy intake. ",
"Healthy adults consumed muffins or chilies in which wheat or rice was substituted with green (61.8 g) or red (54 g) lentils in 2 randomized crossover studies (muffin study: n = 24, mean ± SE age: 25.4 ± 0.9 y, BMI (in kg/m2): 23.2 ± 0.5; chili study: n = 24, age: 25.7 ± 1.0 y, BMI: 23.2 ± 0.5), with ≥1-wk washout periods between study visits and studies. ",
"Subjective appetite sensations measured over 180 min were summarized with total area under the curve (AUC), food intake was measured at an ad libitum test meal, and 24-h energy intake was measured using weighed food records. ",
"Treatment effects were compared within each study using repeated-measures ANCOVA (subjective appetite sensations) and ANOVA (food intake, 24-h energy intake). ",
"Green, but not red, lentil chili significantly increased fullness AUC (17.5%, P = 0.02) and decreased desire to eat AUC (20.1%, P = 0.02) and prospective food consumption AUC (16.7%, P = 0.04) compared with rice chili, with no significant differences between chili treatments for test-meal food intake or 24-h energy intake. ",
"Muffin treatments did not significantly differ for any outcomes. ",
"Replacing rice with green, but not red lentils within chili increases satiety but does not decrease food intake, whereas replacing wheat with lentils within muffins does not increase satiety or decrease food intake in healthy adults. ",
"Further study of the role of lentil replacement in food products in body weight management is warranted. ",
"This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03128684."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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0.0007485438836738467,
0.0005769157432951033,
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] | 0.000675 | 11 |
[
"GM-CSF, IL-5 and RANTES immunoreactivity and mRNA expression in chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis (NP).",
"\nEosinophils are a prominent feature of chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis (CHS/NP). ",
"Our previous studies showed that their presence was associated with the expression of GM-CSF and RANTES mRNA. ",
"In allergic NP, increased expression of IL-5 was also found. ",
"We wished to examine cytokine immunoreactivity for IL-5, GM-CSF and RANTES mRNA in allergic and non-allergic NP and compare immunoreactivity with expression of cytokine mRNA by in situ hybridization. ",
"Methods NP were obtained from five allergic and eight non-allergic subjects with CHS/ NP. ",
"Middle turbinate tissue from eight normal subjects were used as controls. ",
"Cell-associated cytokine mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization (ISH). ",
"Cytokine immunoreactive cells were enumerated by immunostaining. ",
"Colocalization immunostaining was also performed to identify specific cell types producing IL-5. ",
"Immunostaining for GM-CSF, IL-5 and RANTES protein was increased in both allergic and non-allergic NP compared with control middle turbinates. ",
"Allergic polyps contained greater numbers of IL-5 immunoreactive cells (P = 0.01), whereas non-allergic polyps contained greater numbers of GM-CSF immunoreactive cells (P = 0.04). ",
"Immunostaining was primarily associated with inflammatory cells, but immunostaining for RANTES and, to a lesser extent GM-CSF, was also seen in the epithelium. ",
"The density of immunoreactive cells was variably correlated with cytokine mRNA+ cells (GM-CSF: R=0.56, P=0.05; IL-5: R=0.76, P=0.003; and RANTES: R=0.89, P=0.0005). ",
"Colocalization immunostaining revealed that the majority of IL-5 immunoreactive cells in both allergic and non-allergic NP were T lymphocytes. ",
"However, allergic NP contained greater numbers of IL-5+/CD3+ T lymphocytes and IL-5+ mast cells, whereas non-allergic NP contained greater numbers of IL-5+ eosinophils. ",
"We conclude that GM-CSF, IL-5 and RANTES are produced in increased amounts in both allergic and non-allergic NP. ",
"Distinguishing features of non-allergic NP include fewer numbers of CD3 T lymphocytes, fewer IL-5+/CD3+ T lymphocytes and greater numbers of IL-5+ eosinophils. ",
"These differences may suggest different mechanisms of eosinophil accumulation and activation in allergic vs non-allergic NP."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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] | 0.01217 | 19 |
[
"In the early morning hours of July 17 in the Erebuni district of Armenia’s capital Yerevan, an armed group took over a police station, holding the officers hostage. ",
"Soon after, a grainy video shot by phone appeared on Facebook. ",
"The camera gave a real-time, 2-minute glimpse into a certain kind of chaos that was about to unfold in the country.",
"\n\n“We are doing this for you,” said a man holding a gun, the black and grey camouflage bullet proof vest strapped tightly on his chest, addressing people in Armenia. “",
"For you, this is the path we’ve taken. ",
"Come out on the streets, that is our wish.”",
"\n\nHe also asked for the release of all political prisoners, including Jirair Sefilian, Gevorg Safaryan, Shant Harutyunyan and more.",
"\n\nSuddenly, the man filming turned the camera back on himself.",
"\n\n“It’s been three and a half hours that this police station is under our control,” he said. “",
"We are saying that there is no other way than this way.”",
"\n\nThis was the moment that began something many fear cannot be stopped, that has fundamentally changed the air, the energy, the mood of Armenia. ",
"Three days before, across the closed border in Turkey, an attempted coup had taken place, and left the country in disarray.",
"\n\nA woman interviewed on Radio Free Europe who heard several gunshots at 5 a.m., thought it was something more serious, she said, like the Turkish coup spilling across the border.",
"\n\nBut it was something even more serious than anyone could have predicted and in hindsight, it was only a matter of time before the tension began to accumulate on the streets. ",
"Fueled by frustration, with no help from Yerevan’s unrelenting summer heat, people came out onto the streets as the hostage crisis unfolded, their numbers growing everyday. ",
"Their motivations seemed varied, some backing the actions and demands of the so-called rebel group, some desperate to take some kind of action themselves after years of corruption and the country’s ruling elite have in many ways taken the economy – and the people, hostage, too.",
"\n\nIn the 14 days since the standoff began, two police officers have been killed, several people – including members of the armed group – have been injured, negotiations have occurred, hostages have been freed, medical hostages have been taken and there has been a brutal crackdown by government forces on protesters (including Canadian-Armenian actress Arsinee Khanjian) as well as documented attacks on journalists who are covering the ongoing situation. ",
"Explosions during protests that have been rocking Yerevan for two weeks have even been GIF-afied:\n\nThe post has been amended with an update of the situation found below the original piece.",
"\n\nWho is the group behind Yerevan’s unfolding crisis?",
"\n\nThe rebel group, who are both being praised as heroes and called ultra-national terrorists depending on who you ask, refer to themselves as the “Daredevils of Sassoun,” drawing inspiration from a classic Armenian folk poem where a group of men struggle against the forces of good and evil in the Middle Ages, fighting for the Armenian cause of independence. ",
"They are Karabakh war veterans who also count Pavlik Manukyan among them, a popular and iconic cultural figure in the country. ",
"When interviewed by journalists this week who wanted to know what might happen next, Manukyan told them that the armed group will die but they will not leave the police station without winning. “",
"We don’t want any blood to be spilled,” he said, holding a gun with one hand.",
"\n\nThey are connected to the Armenian opposition group, Founding Parliament (once known as “Pre-Parliament”), whose leader Jirair Sefilian, was one of the political prisoners they asked to be released. ",
"Sefilian is a veteran of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and RFE carries an explainer of the movement and his background here.",
"\n\nSefilian and the group are against territorial concessions when it comes to the Karabakh conflict. ",
"This is an important note, especially given the deadly fighting that occurred in April earlier this year on the border of Armenia and Azerbaijan, where some of the worst clashes in decades saw both soldiers and civilians were killed, actions that severely restricted any notions of a peaceful resolution.",
"\n\nEarlier in the crisis, prominent opposition figure Nikol Pashinyan, who was once a political prisoner himself stepped in to help with negotiations, adding the first inspirational attempt at cohesiveness to a rather disorganized mass of people. ",
"His speech centered on the theme of non-violence, both from the government as well as protestors.",
"\n\n“This symbol of this movement is open and raised hands,” he said as he raised his own, with the crowd following. “",
"To show that there is no need for us to have in our hands, sticks, stones or wood to show our strength. ",
"We are strong with our mind, we are strong with our love, we are strong with our history, we are strong with Armenia, with Karabakh, with the destiny of the Armenian people, with the destiny of Armenian children, and there is no power that can stop us.”",
"\n\nSince then, more and more protestors have come out on the streets, however there is no clear “leader” of this movement or where it is currently heading.",
"\n\nWhy is this happening?",
"\n\nThough the armed group have galvanized the protests, the general root of the continued street gatherings can be traced to deep discontent with a system rife with corruption, an over 30 percent poverty rate, high emigration rates and a ruling elite, which includes current president Serzh Sargsyan, that has turned much of the country into its own personal playground. ",
"Even an anti-corruption council was accused of lavish spending last year.",
"\n\nThe armed group, as well as protestors, have also called for the resignation of Sargsyan, who they blame for growing inequality and graft that permeates virtually all segments of Armenian society, from lavash to the law. ",
"Sargsyan came to office in 2008, amid a controversial election that was rife with voter fraud, protests that saw 10 people killed, caused a media blackout and state of emergency.",
"\n\nIn one district, election observers noted that all but one of the 1,449 votes were for Sargsyan.",
"“I told the government that the probability of this is as high as the birth of a dog with five legs,” said Geert Ahrens, head of the organization’s Election Observation Mission here, to the New York Times. ",
"Up until that point, Armenia was known as a “bright example” among countries that were once part of the Soviet Union, its government allowing more dissent than most, the Times reported.",
"\n\nCivilNet’s Roubina Margossian interviewed political scientist Irina Ghaplanyan for added context when the standoff began:\n\nSome residents of Armenia have also criticized the worldwide Armenian diaspora for failing to see Armenia’s current socio-economic problems, while inadvertently supporting a status quo that further divides Armenian society into the haves and have nots, both financially and with a healthy dose of indifference. ",
"The criticism also falls on the shoulders of diasporan organizations like the Armenian National Committee of America, an organization who considers fostering “public awareness in support of a free, united and independent Armenia” one of their main goals, according to their website, but has largely remained silent on socio-economic and corruption issues in the country.",
"\n\nArmenia has seen an increase in civic demonstrations in the last few years, where residents have protested everything from public transportation prices to last year’s “Electric Yerevan,” which powerfully culminated against a hike in electricity rates that widely utilized social media and brought international media attention.",
"\n\nPolice crackdown against residents and journalists\n\nThe central, unifying message of this current protest is convoluted, built between multiple layers, aims and grievances, but what has remained clear is the brutal police crackdown faced by protestors, residents and journalists alike, who were also being provoked by plain clothes police officers within the crowds. ",
"On July 29, Protestors reported attacks which left them severely injured. ",
"Many of these injuries and the tense standoff are documented by the all-woman photojournalist collective 4Plus through their Facebook page. ",
"Residents who often had nothing to do with the protests were also injured, and detained, with some being dragged from their homes and others taking to social media to say that their relatives were taken by police and could not be located. ",
"In a tragic twist of fate, a 16-year-old boy who had come to Yerevan from the Gegharkunik province to shop for his upcoming birthday was hit in the eye, allegedly by police agents, reported CivilNet.",
"TV on their Facebook page. ",
"Doctors determined it could not be saved.",
"\n\nAttacks on journalists who were beaten and prevented from carrying our their jobs were also reported. ",
"Journalist Gegham Vardanyan documented these attacks in a post at Media.am. ",
"HETQ, Armenia’s investigative journalism outlet reported on how journalists became police targets and were injured with grenades. ",
"Residents who were not even involve with the protests reported unlawful detentions, . ",
"Three RFE journalists were also attacked, reporting that the men who attacked them made sure they were journalists before beating them.",
"\n\nWhat’s happening now?",
"\n\nThings seemed calm on the morning after clashes, an RFE livestream showing a few police officers at the scene of the hostage standoff, with the stream inadvertently catching the somber yet unrelenting voice of an elderly man singing national Armenian songs that deal with the always present Armenian theme of resistance. ",
"At night, more protestors gathered, which at one point culminated in one protestor shockingly committing an act of self-immolation live. ",
"Other protestors surrounded him to quickly pour water on the burned and disoriented man, who refused to get into a police car and took a taxi to get medical help instead. ",
"HETQ carries graphic photos of what is likely the most disturbing symbol of the protests so far (just days later, the man, identified as Kajik Grigoryan, died because of his burn wounds)\n\nMeanwhile, the European Union have released statements condemning the use of violence from all sides. ",
"The Armenian office of Transparency International have also released a statement requesting the assistance of international human rights organizations to condemn and prevent police violations and deploy observer missions to document violations.",
"\n\nThe U.S. ambassador to Armenia, Richard Mills, criticized Armenian police for their excessive use of force. ",
"Ashot Aharonyan, the head of the department of public relations for the Armenian police posted on Facebook about an officer who was killed in the ongoing standoff on July 30.",
"\n\nRFE continues to broadcast an ongoing livestream as does CivilNet. ",
"HETQ continues to update its website with the latest. ",
"The hashtag #Erebuni can be followed on Twitter to get up to date news on the crisis. ",
"We will update this page with new developments.",
"\n\nUpdate:\n\nMultiple press outlets in Armenia report that the armed group surrendered on Sunday, July 31 around 8 p.m. to authorities. ",
"In a livestream and audio carried by news outlet 1in.am, one armed group member declared that they were putting down their weapons in order to avoid more bloodshed, adding that they wanted to create a spark, and feel satisfied that they have. ",
"At least 47 people have been detained in connection with the police station seizure, reported RFE.",
"\n\nPresident Sargsyan released a statement addressing the hostage crisis, calling it an unacceptable situation that has come to an end. ",
"He called for a thorough investigation and open trial\n\n“From now on we will allow no one to take our country hostage, we will allow no one to undermine the foundation of our state, problems in Armenia will not be solved through violence or arms,” the statement says.",
"\n\n“Yerevan is neither Beirut nor Aleppo. ",
"Let no one aspire to import Near East solutions of the previous century, of the Cold War to Armenia. ",
"Let those who don’t comprehend this need to look at the history of Lebanon’s civil war or at the consequences of the civil war going on the moment in Syria and draw conclusions.”",
"\n\nHe thanked journalists for their work and apologized for the brutal and bloody crackdown on members of the media, calling it “our greatest blunder” and saying he was confident that it will never happen again. ",
"He also addressed the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, saying that “there will be no unilateral concessions in the resolution of the NK issue. ",
"Never. ",
"Nagorno Karabakh will never be part of Azerbaijan.” ",
"The full statement can be read here.",
"\n\nHETQ however, took Sargsyan and his words to task in an editorial penned by the investigative outlet’s English editor, Hrant Gadarigian: “The “country”, far from being held hostage by a band of Artsakh War vets and disgruntled citizens who “were mad as hell and couldn’t take it anymore”, was actually held hostage for two weeks by the regime’s law enforcement arm and the thugs they payroll to quash any political dissent.",
"\n\nComments\n\ncomments"
] | {
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[
"CUP Parser Generator Copyright Notice, License, and Disclaimer\nCopyright 1996-2015 by Scott Hudson, Frank Flannery, C. Scott Ananian, Michael Petter\n\nPermission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both the copyright notice and this permission notice and warranty disclaimer appear in supporting documentation, and that the names of the authors or their employers not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission.",
"\n\nThe authors and their employers disclaim all warranties with regard to this software, including all implied warranties of merchantability and fitness. ",
"In no event shall the authors or their employers be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of this software.",
"\nThis is an open source license. ",
"It is also GPL-Compatible (see entry for \"Standard ML of New Jersey\"). ",
"The portions of CUP output which are hard-coded into the CUP source code are (naturally) covered by this same license, as is the CUP runtime code linked with the generated parser.",
"\n\nJava is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. References to the Java programming language in relation to JLex are not meant to imply that Sun endorses this product. ",
"\n"
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[
"Putting cardiovascular disease and vitamin D insufficiency into perspective.",
"\nThe aetiology of CVD is still not completely understood. ",
"The present review article summarises data supporting the hypothesis that an insufficient vitamin D status may contribute to the worldwide high prevalence of CVD. ",
"Human vitamin D status primarily depends on skin exposure to the UVB spectrum of the sunlight. ",
"Epidemiological data indicate that geographic latitude, altitude, season, and the place of residence (urban or rural) are associated with CVD mortality. ",
"Interestingly, all these factors also have an influence on human UVB exposure and thus on vitamin D status. ",
"Several mechanisms might be responsible for a protective role of vitamin D in CVD. ",
"These mechanisms include the inhibition of vascular smooth muscle proliferation, the suppression of vascular calcification, the down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the up regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and the action of vitamin D as a negative endocrine regulator of the renin-angiotensin system. ",
"The first intervention trials indicate that vitamin D may suppress cardiovascular risk markers. ",
"However, more controlled clinical trials are needed to investigate whether optimal oral vitamin D supplementation is able to reduce CVD morbidity and mortality."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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[
"<?",
"php if(!defined('IN_GS')){ die('you cannot load this page directly.'); }",
"\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Generate standard thumbnails\r\n * @param string $path path to image\r\n * @param string $name file name\r\n * @uses GD\r\n */\r\n\r\nfunction genStdThumb($path,$name){\r\n\r\n\t//gd check\r\n\t$php_modules = get_loaded_extensions();\r\n\tif(!in_arrayi('gd', $php_modules)) return;\r\n\r\n\tif (!",
"defined('GSIMAGEWIDTH')) {\r\n\t\t$width = 200; //New width of image \t\r\n\t} else {\r\n\t\t$width = GSIMAGEWIDTH;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t$ext = lowercase(pathinfo($name,PATHINFO_EXTENSION));\t\r\n\t\r\n\tif ($ext == 'jpg' || $ext == 'jpeg' || $ext == 'gif' || $ext == 'png' )\t{\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t$thumbsPath = GSTHUMBNAILPATH.$path;\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\tif (!(",
"file_exists($thumbsPath))) {\r\n\t\t\tif (defined('GSCHMOD')) { \r\n\t\t\t\t$chmod_value = GSCHMOD; \r\n\t\t\t} else {\r\n\t\t\t\t$chmod_value = 0755;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\tmkdir($thumbsPath, $chmod_value);\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t$targetFile = GSDATAUPLOADPATH.$path.$name;\r\n\t\r\n\t//thumbnail for post\r\n\t$imgsize = getimagesize($targetFile);\r\n\t\t\r\n\tswitch($ext){\r\n\t\t\tcase \"jpeg\":\r\n\t\t\tcase \"jpg\":\r\n\t\t\t\t\t$image = imagecreatefromjpeg($targetFile); \r\n\t\t\tbreak;\r\n\t\t\tcase \"png\":\r\n\t\t\t\t\t$image = imagecreatefrompng($targetFile);\r\n\t\t\tbreak;\r\n\t\t\tcase \"gif\":\r\n\t\t\t\t\t$image = imagecreatefromgif($targetFile);\r\n\t\t\tbreak;\r\n\t\t\tdefault:\r\n\t\t\t\t\treturn;\r\n\t\t\tbreak;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\t\r\n\t$height = $imgsize[1]/$imgsize[0]*$width; //This maintains proportions\r\n\t\r\n\t$src_w = $imgsize[0];\r\n\t$src_h = $imgsize[1];\r\n\t\r\n\t$picture = imagecreatetruecolor($width, $height);\r\n\timagealphablending($picture, false);\r\n\timagesavealpha($picture, true);\r\n\t$bool = imagecopyresampled($picture, $image, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width, $height, $src_w, $src_h); \r\n\t\r\n\tif($bool)\t{\t\r\n\t\t$thumbnailFile = $thumbsPath . \"",
"thumbnail.\" . ",
"$name;\r\n\t\t\r\n\t switch(lowercase(substr($targetFile, -3))) {\r\n\t case \"jpg\":\r\n\t $bool2 = imagejpeg($picture,$thumbnailFile,85);\r\n\t break;\r\n\t case \"png\":\r\n\t imagepng($picture,$thumbnailFile);\r\n\t break;\r\n\t case \"gif\":\r\n\t imagegif($picture,$thumbnailFile);\r\n\t break;\r\n\t }\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\timagedestroy($picture);\r\n\timagedestroy($image);\r\n\r\n\treturn true;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nclass ImageManipulation {\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * An array to hold the settings for the image. ",
"Default values for\r\n\t * images are set here.",
"\r\n\t *\r\n\t * @var array\r\n\t */\r\n\tpublic $image = array('targetx'=>0, \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t'targety'=>0,\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t'quality'=>75);\r\n\t\r\n\t/**\r\n\t * A boolean value to detect if an image has not been created. ",
"This\r\n\t * can be used to validate that an image is viable before trying \r\n\t * resize or crop.",
"\r\n\t *\r\n\t * @var boolean\r\n\t */\r\n\tpublic $imageok = false;\r\n\t\r\n /**\r\n * Contructor method. ",
"Will create a new image from the target file.",
"\r\n\t * Accepts an image filename as a string. ",
"Method also works out how\r\n\t * big the image is and stores this in the $image array.",
"\r\n *\r\n * @param string $imgFile The image filename.",
"\r\n */\r\n\tpublic function ImageManipulation($imgfile)\r\n\t{\r\n\t\t//detect image format\r\n\t\t$this->image[\"format\"] = preg_replace(\"/.*\\.(.*)$/\", \"\\\\1\", $imgfile);\r\n\t\t$this->image[\"format\"] = strtoupper($this->image[\"format\"]);\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t// convert image into usable format.",
"\r\n\t\tif ( $this->image[\"format\"] == \"JPG\" || $this->image[\"format\"] == \"JPEG\" ) {\r\n\t\t\t//JPEG\r\n\t\t\t$this->image[\"format\"] = \"JPEG\";\r\n\t\t\t$this->image[\"src\"] = ImageCreateFromJPEG($imgfile);\r\n\t\t} elseif( $this->image[\"format\"] == \"PNG\" ){\r\n\t\t\t//PNG\r\n\t\t\t$this->image[\"format\"] = \"PNG\";\r\n\t\t\t$this->image[\"src\"] = imagecreatefrompng($imgfile);\r\n\t\t} elseif( $this->image[\"format\"] == \"GIF\" ){\r\n\t\t\t//GIF\r\n\t\t\t$this->image[\"format\"] = \"GIF\";\r\n\t\t\t$this->image[\"src\"] = ImageCreateFromGif($imgfile);\r\n\t\t} elseif ( $this->image[\"format\"] == \"WBMP\" ){\r\n\t\t\t//WBMP\r\n\t\t\t$this->image[\"format\"] = \"WBMP\";\r\n\t\t\t$this->image[\"src\"] = ImageCreateFromWBMP($imgfile);\r\n\t\t} else {\r\n\t\t\t//DEFAULT\r\n\t\t\treturn false;\r\n\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t// Image is ok\r\n\t\t$this->imageok = true;\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t// Work out image size\r\n\t\t$this->image[\"sizex\"] = imagesx($this->image[\"src\"]);\r\n\t\t$this->image[\"sizey\"] = imagesy($this->image[\"src\"]);\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n /**\r\n * Sets the height of the image to be created. ",
"The width of the image\r\n\t * is worked out depending on the value of the height.",
"\r\n *\r\n * @param int $height The height of the image.",
"\r\n */\r\n\tpublic function setImageHeight($height=100)\r\n\t{\r\n\t\t//height\r\n\t\t$this->image[\"sizey_thumb\"] = $height;\r\n\t\t$this->image[\"sizex_thumb\"] = ($this->image[\"sizey_thumb\"]/$this->image[\"sizey\"])*$this->image[\"sizex\"];\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n /**\r\n * Sets the width of the image to be created. ",
"The height of the image\r\n\t * is worked out depending on the value of the width.",
"\r\n *\r\n * @param int $size The width of the image.",
"\r\n */\r\n\tpublic function setImageWidth($width=100)\r\n\t{\r\n\t\t//width\r\n\t\t$this->image[\"sizex_thumb\"] = $width;\r\n\t\t$this->image[\"sizey_thumb\"] = ($this->image[\"sizex_thumb\"]/$this->image[\"sizex\"])*$this->image[\"sizey\"];\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n * This method automatically sets the width and height depending\r\n\t * on the dimensions of the image up to a maximum value.",
"\r\n *\r\n * @param int $size The maximum size of the image.",
"\r\n */\r\n\tpublic function resize($size=100)\r\n\t{\r\n\t\tif ( $this->image[\"sizex\"] >= $this->image[\"sizey\"] ) {\r\n\t\t\t$this->image[\"sizex_thumb\"] = $size;\r\n\t\t\t$this->image[\"sizey_thumb\"] = ($this->image[\"sizex_thumb\"]/$this->image[\"sizex\"])*$this->image[\"sizey\"];\r\n\t\t} else {\r\n\t\t\t$this->image[\"sizey_thumb\"] = $size;\r\n\t\t\t$this->image[\"sizex_thumb\"] = ($this->image[\"sizey_thumb\"]/$this->image[\"sizey\"])*$this->image[\"sizex\"];\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n * This method sets the cropping values of the image. ",
"Be sure\r\n\t * to set the height and with of the image if you want the\r\n\t * image to be a certain size after cropping.",
"\r\n *\r\n * @param int $x The x coordinates to start cropping from.",
"\r\n * @param int $y The y coordinates to start cropping from.",
"\r\n\t * @param int $w The width of the crop from the x and y coordinates.",
"\r\n * @param int $h The height of the crop from the x and y coordinates.",
"\r\n */\r\n\tpublic function setCrop($x, $y, $w, $h)\r\n\t{\r\n\t\t$this->image[\"targetx\"] = $x;\r\n\t\t$this->image[\"targety\"] = $y;\r\n\t\t$this->image[\"sizex\"] = $w;\r\n\t\t$this->image[\"sizey\"] = $h;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t/**\r\n * Sets the JPEG output quality.",
"\r\n *\r\n * @param int $quality The quality of the JPEG image.",
"\r\n */\r\n\tpublic function setJpegQuality($quality=75)\r\n\t{\r\n\t\t//jpeg quality\r\n\t\t$this->image[\"quality\"] = $quality;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t/**\r\n * Shows the image to a browser. ",
"Sets the correct image format in a header.",
"\r\n */\r\n\tpublic function show()\r\n\t{\r\n\t\t//show thumb\r\n\t\theader(\"Content-Type: image/\".$this->image[\"format\"]);\r\n\r\n\t\t$this->createResampledImage();\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\tif ( $this->image[\"format\"]==\"JPG\" || $this->image[\"format\"]==\"JPEG\" ) {\r\n\t\t\t//JPEG\r\n\t\t\timageJPEG($this->image[\"des\"], \"\", $this->image[\"quality\"]);\r\n\t\t} elseif ( $this->image[\"format\"] == \"PNG\" ) {\r\n\t\t\t//PNG\r\n\t\t\timagePNG($this->image[\"des\"]);\r\n\t\t} elseif ( $this->image[\"format\"] == \"GIF\" ) {\r\n\t\t\t//GIF\r\n\t\t\timageGIF($this->image[\"des\"]);\r\n\t\t} elseif ( $this->image[\"format\"] == \"WBMP\" ) {\r\n\t\t\t//WBMP\r\n\t\t\timageWBMP($this->image[\"des\"]);\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t/**\r\n * Private method to run the imagecopyresampled() function with the parameters that have been set up.",
"\r\n\t * This method is used by the save() and show() methods.",
"\r\n */\r\n\tprivate function createResampledImage()\r\n\t{\r\n\t\t/* change ImageCreateTrueColor to ImageCreate if your GD not supported ImageCreateTrueColor function*/\r\n\t\tif ( isset($this->image[\"sizex_thumb\"]) && isset($this->image[\"sizey_thumb\"]) ) {\t\t\r\n\t\t\t$this->image[\"des\"] = ImageCreateTrueColor($this->image[\"sizex_thumb\"], $this->image[\"sizey_thumb\"]);\r\n\t\t\timagecopyresampled($this->image[\"des\"], $this->image[\"src\"], 0, 0, $this->image[\"targetx\"], $this->image[\"targety\"], $this->image[\"sizex_thumb\"], $this->image[\"sizey_thumb\"], $this->image[\"sizex\"], $this->image[\"sizey\"]);\r\n\t\t} else {\r\n\t\t\t$this->image[\"des\"] = ImageCreateTrueColor($this->image[\"sizex\"], $this->image[\"sizey\"]);\r\n\t\t\timagecopyresampled($this->image[\"des\"], $this->image[\"src\"], 0, 0, $this->image[\"targetx\"], $this->image[\"targety\"], $this->image[\"sizex\"], $this->image[\"sizey\"], $this->image[\"sizex\"], $this->image[\"sizey\"]);\r\n\t\t}\t\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t/**\r\n * Saves the image to a given filename, if no filename is given then a default is created.",
"\r\n\t *\r\n\t * @param string $save The new image filename.",
"\r\n */\t\r\n\tpublic function save($save=\"\")\r\n\t{\r\n\t\t//save thumb\r\n\t\tif ( empty($save) ) {\r\n\t\t\t$save = strtolower(\"./thumb.",
"\".$this->image[\"format\"]);\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\theader(\"Content-Type: image/\".$this->image[\"format\"]);\r\n\t\t$this->createResampledImage();\r\n\r\n\t\tif ( $this->image[\"format\"] == \"JPG\" || $this->image[\"format\"] == \"JPEG\" ) {\r\n\t\t\t//JPEG\r\n\t\t\timageJPEG($this->image[\"des\"], $save, $this->image[\"quality\"]);\r\n\t\t} elseif ( $this->image[\"format\"] == \"PNG\" ) {\r\n\t\t\t//PNG\r\n\t\t\timagePNG($this->image[\"des\"], $save);\r\n\t\t} elseif ( $this->image[\"format\"] == \"GIF\" ) {\r\n\t\t\t//GIF\r\n\t\t\timageGIF($this->image[\"des\"], $save);\r\n\t\t} elseif ( $this->image[\"format\"] == \"WBMP\" ) {\r\n\t\t\t//WBMP\r\n\t\t\timageWBMP($this->image[\"des\"], $save);\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\theader(\"Content-Type: text/html\");\r\n\t}\r\n}"
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[
"Enhancement of recombinant human EPO production and sialylation in chinese hamster ovary cells through Bombyx mori 30Kc19 gene expression.",
"\nProductivity and sialylation are two important factors for the production of recombinant glycoproteins in mammalian cell culture. ",
"In our previous study, we found that silkworm hemolymph increased the sialylation of recombinant secreted human placental alkaline phosphatase in the insect cells, promoted the transfer of sialic acids onto the glycoprotein oligosaccharides in an in vitro asialofetuin sialylation system, and enhanced recombinant protein production in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. ",
"These beneficial effects were mainly due to the 30K proteins, which consist of five isoforms. ",
"Among the 30K proteins, 30Kc19 was determined to be the major component. ",
"In this study, the 30Kc19 gene was introduced into a CHO cell line producing recombinant human erythropoietin, and its effects on productivity and sialylation were investigated. ",
"The transient expression of 30Kc19 significantly improved the production and sialylation of EPO. ",
"A stable cell line containing 30Kc19 was also established to investigate the effect of 30Kc19 gene expression. ",
"The stable expression of 30Kc19 increased the production and sialylation by 102.6% and 87.1%, respectively. ",
"The enhanced productivity from 30Kc19 expression is believed to occur because the 30Kc19 protein suppresses the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and consequently improves the generation of intracellular ATP. ",
"In addition, the positive effect of 30Kc19 expression on sialylation is believed to be due to its ability to maintain sialyltransferase activity. ",
"In conclusion, 30Kc19 expression is a novel approach to improve the production and sialylation of recombinant glycoproteins in CHO cells."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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[
"Early development of human lymphomas in a prostate cancer xenograft program using triple knock-out immunocompromised mice.",
"\nThere is an urgent need for preclinical models of prostate cancer; however, clinically relevant patient-derived prostate cancer xenografts (PDXs) are demanding to establish. ",
"Sixty-seven patients who were undergoing palliative transurethral surgery or radical prostatectomy for histologically confirmed, clinically relevant prostate cancer were included in the study. ",
"Fresh prostate cancer tissue was identified by frozen analysis in 48 patients. ",
"The cancer tissue was transplanted subcutaneously and under the renal capsule of NSG and NOG mice supplemented with human testosterone. ",
"All growing PDXs were evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry. ",
"Early assessment of the animals at least three months after transplantation included 27/48 (56.3%) eligible PDX cohorts. ",
"PDX growth was detected in 10/27 (37%) mouse cohorts. ",
"Eight of the ten PDXs were identified as human donor derived lymphomas, including seven Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and one EBV-negative peripheral T-cell lymphoma. ",
"One sample consisted of benign prostatic tissue, and one sample comprised a benign epithelial cyst. ",
"Prostate cancer was not detected in any of the samples. ",
"Tumors that arise within the first three months after prostate cancer xenografting may represent patient-derived EBV-positive lymphomas in up to 80% of the early growing PDXs when using triple knockout NSG immunocompromised mice. ",
"Therefore, lymphoma should be excluded in prostate cancer xenografts that do not resemble typical prostatic adenocarcinoma."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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[
"MILWAUKEE -- Police said a suspect and victim exchanged gunfire after the suspect entered the victim's home early Saturday, October 28th near 80th and Beechwood.",
"\n\n\n\nIt happened shortly before 1:00 a.m.\n\n\n\nPolice said after entering the home, the suspect ransacked the home and struggled with the victim, at which point shots were fired by both the suspect and victim.",
"\n\n\n\nNeither was struck, and the suspect fled the scene.",
"\n\n\n\nThe investigation is ongoing."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
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[
"stderr of test 'pyapi3_02` in directory 'sql/backends/monet5/UDF/pyapi3` itself:\n\n\n# 16:11:24 > \n# 16:11:24 > \"mserver5\" \"--debug=10\" \"--set\" \"gdk_nr_threads=0\" \"--set\" \"mapi_open=true\" \"--set\" \"mapi_port=33314\" \"--set\" \"mapi_usock=/var/tmp/mtest-9490/.s.monetdb.33314\" \"--set\" \"monet_prompt=\" \"--forcemito\" \"--set\" \"mal_listing=2\" \"--dbpath=/Users/hannes/monetdb-install/var/MonetDB/mTests_sql_backends_monet5\" \"--set\" \"mal_listing=0\" \"--set\" \"embedded_r=true\" \"--set\" \"embedded_py=true\"\n# 16:11:24 > \n\n# builtin opt \tgdk_dbpath = /Users/hannes/monetdb-install/var/monetdb5/dbfarm/demo\n# builtin opt \tgdk_debug = 0\n# builtin opt \tgdk_vmtrim = no\n# builtin opt \tmonet_prompt = >\n# builtin opt \tmonet_daemon = no\n# builtin opt \tmapi_port = 50000\n# builtin opt \tmapi_open = false\n# builtin opt \tmapi_autosense = false\n# builtin opt \tsql_optimizer = default_pipe\n# builtin opt \tsql_debug = 0\n# cmdline opt \tgdk_nr_threads = 0\n# cmdline opt \tmapi_open = true\n# cmdline opt \tmapi_port = 33314\n# cmdline opt \tmapi_usock = /var/tmp/mtest-9490/.s.monetdb.33314\n# cmdline opt \tmonet_prompt = \n# cmdline opt \tmal_listing = 2\n# cmdline opt \tgdk_dbpath = /Users/hannes/monetdb-install/var/MonetDB/mTests_sql_backends_monet5\n# cmdline opt \tmal_listing = 0\n# cmdline opt \tembedded_r = true\n# cmdline opt \tembedded_py = true\n# cmdline opt \tgdk_debug = 536870922\n\n# 16:11:24 > \n# 16:11:24 > \"mclient\" \"-lsql\" \"-ftest\" \"-Eutf-8\" \"-i\" \"-e\" \"--host=/var/tmp/mtest-9490\" \"--port=33314\"\n# 16:11:24 > \n\n\n# 16:11:25 > \n# 16:11:25 > \"Done.\"",
"\n# 16:11:25 > \n\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
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[
"Today we announced that we are changing our name from Wal-Mart Stores to Walmart. ",
"Why the change? ",
"Because of our growing presence as a retailer who serves customers no matter how they choose to shop.",
"\n\nToday we announced that we are changing our name from Wal-Mart Stores to Walmart. ",
"Why the change? ",
"Because of our growing presence as a retailer who serves customers no matter how they choose to shop.",
"\n\nMost of us, and I’d guess all our customers, refer to our company as Walmart and still will. ",
"Changing our corporate name from Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., to Walmart Inc. is just a symbol of how customers are shopping us today and how they’ll increasingly shop us in the future. ",
"Whether it’s in our stores, on our sites, with our apps, by using their voice or whatever comes next, there is just one Walmart as far as our customers are concerned. ",
"When they shop with us, they expect it to be an easy and seamless experience.",
"\n\nChanging our corporate name to Walmart is a way of better reflecting our company’s path to win the future of retail. ",
"It’s also a bit about returning to the company’s roots. ",
"You might be surprised to learn that, when Sam Walton opened the first store in 1962, the name on the front of the building was simply, “Walmart.” ",
"A few years later, we incorporated as Wal-Mart, Inc., and amended the name to Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., when we went public in 1970.",
"\n\nFor our associates, while our new legal name removes the dash, we’re not planning to change the Walmart cheer. ",
"Getting our blood flowing and choosing not to take ourselves too seriously is still part of our culture. ",
"It’s important to have some fun at work, so for our associates in countries where your cheer calls for the squiggly, keep doing it!",
"\n\nWe began with great stores and steadily expanded to include clubs and distribution centers. ",
"In 1991, we became a global retailer when we opened our first international location in Mexico City, and we launched Walmart.com in 2000. ",
"Today we operate under almost 60 different banners around the world, including eCommerce sites, and have more than 11,600 stores and clubs in 28 countries.",
"\n\nNow, we are focused on strengthening stores and clubs around the world to make sure customers continue to have a great experience every time they walk through the door. ",
"At the same time, we’re also building our eCommerce and digital capabilities, and we’re putting them together in a way that makes every day easier for busy families. ",
"Sam Walton said, “To succeed in this world, you have to change all the time.” ",
"He wouldn’t have known that customers in the future would shop on their smart phones or with their voices, but he did know that retail would continue to change. ",
"He taught us that, and that for a company to succeed, it has to be agile and innovative.",
"\n\nEven though our corporate name has changed, what won’t change is that Walmart will be there for customers—saving them money and time and helping make every day just a little bit easier.",
"\n\nThis post originally appeared at Walmart's corporate blog, Walmart Today on December 6, 2017."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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[
"Q:\n\nconcatenate all imports into one scss file\n\nI'm currently working on a SASS library which is a long list of partials imported into 1 file.",
"\nThe file structure is as following:\ncss-directory\n├── functions\n│ ├── _px2em.scss\n│ └── _unitless.scss\n├── helpers\n│ ├── _align.scss\n│ ├── _clearfix.scss\n│ ├── _float.scss\n│ ├── _hidden.scss\n│ ├── _invisible.scss\n│ ├── _ir.scss\n│ └── _visuallyhidden.scss\n├── layout\n│ ├── _blockquote.scss\n│ ├── _button.scss\n│ ├── _fixed-footer.scss\n│ ├── _form.scss\n│ ├── _list.scss\n│ ├── _loading.scss\n│ ├── _triangle.scss\n│ └── _truncate.scss\n├── modules\n│ ├── _grid.scss\n│ └── _normalize.scss\n├── prefixes\n│ ├── _animation-delay.scss\n│ ├── _animation.scss\n│ ├── _background-clip.scss\n│ ├── _borderbox.scss\n│ ├── _border-radius.scss\n│ ├── _box-shadow.scss\n│ ├── _box-sizing.scss\n│ ├── _flex.scss\n│ ├── _font-face.scss\n│ ├── _gradient.scss\n│ ├── _hyphens.scss\n│ ├── _keyframes.scss\n│ ├── _transform-origin.scss\n│ ├── _transform.scss\n│ ├── _transition.scss\n│ └── _user-select.scss\n└── _verepo.scss\n\nand the _verepo.scss file imports all the other partials.",
"\nI'd like to be able to concatenate _verepo.scss and it's partials into 1 .scss file so that I can then distribute it easily.",
"\n\nA:\n\nFound a solution, by using grunt and grunt-contrib-concat.",
"\nFixed it with the following code block inside of grunt's initConfig:\nconcat: {\n options: {\n banner: '/*! ",
"veRepo.scss v%VERSION% | MIT License | https://github.com/varemenos/verepo */\\n\\n'\n },\n dist: {\n src: [\n 'src/functions/_**.scss',\n 'src/prefixes/_**.scss',\n 'src/helpers/_**.scss',\n 'src/layout/_**.scss',\n 'src/modules/_**.scss',\n ],\n dest: '_verepo.scss'\n }\n}\n\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
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[
"The invention relates generally to a carrier system and method usable with a vehicle for handling cargo, and more particularly to a carrier system and method that provides a level and contiguous surface with the bed of the vehicle and extends out the back of the vehicle for easier handling of the cargo.",
"\nVehicles are often used to transport cargo which can take many forms. ",
"For the purposes of this application, cargo is used to refer to inanimate items as well as animals. ",
"Cargo can range from smaller sizes to larger sizes. ",
"Many vehicles have a cargo bed extending from the back of the vehicle to a more forward position. ",
"Cargo may be placed on the bed for transport and if needed, secured in position with straps or other devices. ",
"The back of the vehicle has a door or doors which, when opened, allow access to the cargo bed for handling the cargo as needed. ",
"Cargo may be both loaded onto the cargo bed or removed from the cargo bed and the vehicle through the back door.",
"\nFull size vans, minivans, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), hatchbacks, delivery vans, utility vehicles, work trucks, pick-up trucks, and station wagons are just a few examples of vehicles with cargo beds. ",
"A cross-over utility vehicle example is the Audi® Q7 TDI. ",
"This vehicle has a cargo bed that is accessible through the vehicle's rear door by opening the rear door in an upward direction. ",
"Cargo beds are also similarly present in many non-motorized vehicles, such as U-Haul® trailers.",
"\nRegardless of vehicle size, loading and unloading cargo into the vehicle's cargo bed can be difficult. ",
"Heavy cargo can be hard to handle, especially if it is bulky. ",
"A vehicle with a protruding bumper may obstruct an operator from standing straight up when accessing the cargo bed which requires the operator to bend over to load something onto the cargo bed or to pull something off the cargo bed. ",
"Bending in this way puts stress on the operator's lower back which may strain the lower back and or potentially cause more serious injury. ",
"A structure that allows for an exterior resting surface extending out the back of the vehicle that is flush with the interior surface of the vehicle would help facilitate the moving of cargo in and out of the vehicle. ",
"The exterior resting surface allows for cargo to be pulled and slid from inside the interior cargo area of the vehicle to the exterior resting surface outside of the vehicle before being lifted and carried away either from the left, from the right, or from the back of the vehicle.",
"\nThis problem also applies to animals, such as pets, that are transported in a vehicle. ",
"When transporting dogs in the car, young and healthy dogs are generally able to jump in and out of the car without significant risk of injury; however older, injured, and smaller dogs cannot jump in and out of the car without significant risk of injury. ",
"Therefore, in many cases it is necessary for the owner to manually lift the dog into and out of the car to prevent injury from jumping. ",
"Picking up a dog from the ground to put it into the car and taking it from the car and putting it down on the ground can be quite a burden for both the dog and the owner. ",
"This burden is magnified when the lifting process is done several times per day and further magnified when the dog is heavy or squirms a lot when being lifted.",
"\nMany people cannot lift their dogs because of age, injury, lack of physical strength, or other physical limitations, as well as fear of injuring themselves from lifting, fear of injuring the dog from dropping it during the lifting process, the difficulty of lifting a squirming dog, or fear of dirtying their clothing from lifting the dog. ",
"It is particularly difficult to lift and carry heavy dogs to and from the ground because holding the dog requires the owner to be bent over when lifting, which is very stressful on the lower back. ",
"A protruding bumper can make it more difficult to get into the proper position to both gently lift the dog from the cargo area as well as gently place the dog into the cargo area of a vehicle. ",
"Being out of proper position can make lifting more stressful for the back of the owner and more difficult to get a secure hold on the dog. ",
"It would be much better for both the owner and the dog if the owner never had to lift the dog to get it into and out of the vehicle.",
"\nWhen transporting dogs in the car, older, injured, or smaller dogs should not be allowed to jump in and out of the car because of the significant risk of injury. ",
"Older dogs develop progressive physical limitations as they age which makes jumping more difficult and dangerous. ",
"Injured dogs cannot jump at all for obvious reasons, and smaller healthy dogs cannot safely jump the distances necessary to get into and out of the car. ",
"The risk of injury to a dog from jumping into and out of a car increases exponentially as the height required to jump into and out of the car increases. ",
"Cars that are higher off the ground, such as larger SUVs, are much more difficult and dangerous for a dog to jump into and out of than cars that are lower to the ground, such as station wagons. ",
"The risk of injury to a dog from jumping into and out of the car increases significantly as the dog's age increases.",
"\nJumping into the vehicle requires the dog to explode off its back legs to gain the height necessary to get in the vehicle, which can put a tremendous amount of stress on the dog's hips, knees, and knee ligaments. ",
"This type of explosive leap can have terrible degenerative effects on a dog's joints and ligaments over time, can lead to significant injuries at any time, and can greatly exacerbate existing injuries. ",
"Jumping into the car can cause muscle tears, exacerbate arthritis, cause torn knee ligaments, cause hip injuries, and accelerate conditions such as hip dysplasia. ",
"Explosive leaps can be particularly dangerous from a cold start when the dog is not warmed up, as well as from a fatigued start when a dog is tired from exercising.",
"\nJumping out of a vehicle requires the dog to sustain repeated high force compressions on the joints of the front paws, ankles, elbows, shoulders, neck, and back. ",
"This type of jumping can have terrible degenerative effects on the dog's joints and disks over time, can lead to significant injuries at any time, and can greatly exacerbate existing injuries. ",
"Jumping out of the vehicle can cause muscle tears, exacerbate arthritis, cause ankle injuries, cause elbow injuries, cause shoulder injuries, cause back injuries, and cause neck injuries. ",
"Jumping can be particularly dangerous from a cold start when the dog is not warmed up, as well as from a fatigued start when a dog is tired from exercising. ",
"As a result, as dogs get older or are injured the simple task of jumping into and out of the car can become too physically demanding and can become a very dangerous health risk. ",
"Eliminating jumping into and out of the car prevents injuries to the dog, significantly increases the dog's quality of life, improves the dog's mental health, and greatly increases the dog's longevity. ",
"It would be much better for both the owner and the dog if the dog never had to jump to get into and out of the car.",
"\nIf the dog cannot jump into and out of the car and the owner cannot lift the dog into and out of the car, it can seem as though it is impossible to take the dog anywhere. ",
"Therefore, some owners tend to leave their older or injured dogs at home alone as a result of the difficulties and risks of getting the dog into and out of the car. ",
"For many pets, being left alone can result in depression and loneliness. ",
"Dogs would much prefer to be with their owners in the car than left at home. ",
"Older or injured dogs that cannot exercise or play as they used to, find the process of riding in a vehicle to be a very enjoyable and exciting experience. ",
"Riding in the car can be one of an older or injured dog's last great pleasures and greatly increases its quality of life. ",
"Also the ability to take an older or injured dog to new places safely and easily greatly enhances its quality of life.",
"\nProviding a better method to get a dog into and out of a vehicle would enable a pet owner to bring the dog on more trips, eliminate the possibility of injury to the owner and the dog while getting the dog into and out of the vehicle, greatly increase the dog's quality of life, and enhance the dog's mental health. ",
"A structure used to get a dog into and out of a vehicle that is relatively easy to deploy, use, and store would make the pet owner more inclined to take the pet in the vehicle. ",
"Both pet and owner would derive benefit from such a system.",
"\nRamps are well-known structures and are often used to facilitate the loading and unloading process for a vehicle. ",
"A ramp is typically defined as a flat supporting surface that can be tilted at an angle, with one end higher than the other. ",
"It is used as an aid for raising or lowering a load and is also referred to as an inclined plane. ",
"The advantage of using a ramp for loading cargo into a vehicle is the ramp provides an angled flat surface from the ground to the interior cargo area of the vehicle. ",
"Creating an angled flat surface is particularly valuable in the case of a dog that can walk on its own because the ramp allows the dog to walk into and out of the car which eliminates the need for the owner to lift the dog into and out of the car as well as eliminates the need for the dog to jump into and out of the car. ",
"This can be a tremendous advantage for both pets and pet owners.",
"\nThe ramp's slope angle has a big impact on how difficult it is for the pet to walk up and down the ramp, so reducing the slope angle is very beneficial. ",
"The two most important factors that impact the ramp's slope angle are the ramp length and the height difference between the ramp's top resting surface and the ramp's ground resting surface. ",
"Increasing the ramp length and reducing the height difference between the top and ground ramp resting surfaces make using the ramp much easier for the dog. ",
"It is important to note that many times when using a ramp that is oriented perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of a car, there is a curb present which raises the ground height relative to the side of the car above the ground height of the street where the car is parked. ",
"As a result, when using a ramp perpendicularly to a vehicle when there is a curb present, the height difference between the top and ground resting surfaces of the ramp can be significantly reduced which consequently reduces the ramp slope angle. ",
"This is a major benefit for using a ramp perpendicularly to the vehicle.",
"\nCreating an angled flat surface with a ramp also allows cargo to be rolled into a vehicle as opposed to lifted which allows the user to manage much heavier loads at once and to do so much more quickly and safely. ",
"Although rolling cargo up a ramp incline requires work, it is typically much less strenuous than lifting. ",
"The ramp slope angle has a big impact on the amount of work required to roll cargo up and down the ramp so reducing the slope angle of the ramp is very beneficial. ",
"The two most important factors that impact the ramp slope angle are the ramp length and the height difference between the ramp's top resting surface and the ground resting surface. ",
"Maximizing the ramp length and minimizing the height difference between the top and ground ramp resting surfaces makes rolling cargo in and out of the vehicle easier.",
"\nRamps come in many forms, many lengths, and have different design features which lend themselves to different applications. ",
"Ramps typically have an angled top resting surface to make transitioning to the ramp smoother as well as to facilitate a more secure resting profile. ",
"Ramps typically have a height of several inches so that when deployed on a flat surface the ramp surface is several inches above the flat surface. ",
"Typically, the part of the ramp that comes into contact with a resting surface has a non-slippery surface such as one formed of rubber which creates a higher friction coefficient between the ramp and the surfaces with which it connects. ",
"This friction provides a grip between the ramp and the resting surfaces which tends to restrict relative motion. ",
"Making sure the ramp does not move while in use can be critical for the safe use of a ramp. ",
"Risks that could lead to a ramp moving while in use are from the ramp tilting over to either side as a result of not resting on a flat, secure, level, and stable surface, the ramp sliding off the lower resting surface as a result of a slippery connection with the ground and/or upper resting surface, the ramp sliding off the upper resting surface as a result of the absence of a safety lip on that resting surface, or the ramp falling to the ground as a result of a resting surface failure.",
"\nA ramp resting on flat stable surfaces at both the upper end and the lower end and used with a dog under general use conditions is secure enough so as not to move when in use. ",
"The forces of gravity and the force of friction will keep the ramp steady. ",
"Under general use conditions with a dog it is not necessary to secure the ramp with any special anchoring system, however a safety feature in the form of a raised tongue on the outside perimeter of the resting platform at the upper end of the ramp eliminates the small risk of the ramp sliding off the resting surface while in use. ",
"In some cases, such as when rolling cargo into the vehicle, the process of using the ramp may have more risk than general use conditions with a dog and it is necessary to have a secure anchoring mechanism connecting the ramp and the resting surface to provide more robust protection against the ramp moving while in use.",
"\nWhen using a ramp with a vehicle there are several difficulties that present themselves. ",
"These include the difficulty of finding a flat, stable, and secure resting surface in the vehicle for the ramp to rest on, the difficulty of finding a way the ramp can be used perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of a vehicle in addition to parallel to the vehicle, the difficulty of finding a way to reduce the slope angle of the ramp, and the difficulty of finding a way to smooth the transition to the ramp from the vehicle's interior surface. ",
"When using a ramp with a vehicle the rear door entrance is the only practical option for accessing the cargo area. ",
"The back side doors of most cars do not open wide enough to allow a ramp with modest width to rest perpendicularly to the car which makes it impossible to access a secure and stable resting surface for the ramp inside the car. ",
"The front doors typically open wide enough for the ramp to rest perpendicularly however the top of the ramp must rest on the front seat of the car which is not a stable, level, and flat surface. ",
"Further, in order to exit the car from the front door, the dog must transition from the rear of the car through the area between the front seats to the front seat and then to the ramp which can be difficult and dangerous for older or injured dogs.",
"\nThe rear door of a vehicle in most cases spans the width of the entire vehicle as well as opens either up or to the side which creates an open space in the vehicle that is wide enough to accommodate the width of the ramp and an open space behind the vehicle that is not blocked by the door itself. ",
"When using a ramp through the rear door opening of a vehicle, the user rests the top of the ramp on the interior surface of the vehicle's cargo area and the rear of the ramp behind the vehicle on the ground so that the ramp is resting out the back of the vehicle parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. ",
"There are several drawbacks to this method. ",
"Firstly, if there is another car parked behind the vehicle or another obstruction behind the vehicle, then it is not possible to deploy a ramp out the rear of the vehicle. ",
"Secondly, when the ramp rests on the interior cargo surface of the vehicle the ramp surface is several inches above the interior cargo surface which creates a non-flush transition to the ramp and increases the ramp slope angle. ",
"A non-flush transition and increased slope angle makes using the ramp much more strenuous as well as dangerous for the dog.",
"\nThirdly, it is not possible to rest the ramp below the vehicle's interior surface height because of the interior construction of the vehicle. ",
"This makes it impossible to create a smooth transition to the ramp as well as limits the ability to reduce the ramp slope angle. ",
"Fourthly, many times the surface at the entrance to the interior cargo area of a vehicle is designed so that it is not completely flat or completely level in order to facilitate the loading and unloading of cargo; however, this makes the resting surface less secure and less safe for using a ramp. ",
"Fifthly, the ramp can only be deployed when the rear door is open and cannot remain deployed when the rear door is closed. ",
"Sixthly, the ramp cannot be used in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle at the back of the vehicle because the rear of the vehicle does not have a stable ramp resting surface which is perpendicular to the back of the vehicle and accessible from the side of the vehicle.",
"\nA structure mounted to the back of the vehicle that includes secure ramp resting surfaces on its side perimeter and enables a stable flat contiguous exterior surface that extends out the back of a vehicle that is flush with the interior of the vehicle would facilitate, enhance, and improve the use of a ramp from the back of a parked vehicle. ",
"Such a structure would allow for a ramp to be deployed perpendicularly to the right, perpendicularly to the left, or parallel to the back of a parked vehicle. ",
"Such a structure would provide a safe and easy transition method from the interior surface of the vehicle to any of the potential ramp resting positions off the contiguous exterior surface. ",
"Such a structure would allow the ramp to be rested at a position below the interior surface level so that the top surface of the ramp is level with the interior surface of the vehicle which smoothens the transition to the ramp from the interior surface and lowers the slope angle of the ramp. ",
"Such a structure would allow the ramp to remain deployed whether the rear door is closed or open.",
"\nWhen storing a ramp in a vehicle while driving there are several key issues that present themselves. ",
"The first issue is finding an easy, convenient, and non-obstructive place to store the ramp while driving. ",
"When storing a ramp in the vehicle cargo area it can either be stored lying flat on its top or stored standing up on its side. ",
"If the ramp is stored lying flat on its top it can easily take up over half the usable surface area of the cargo area which significantly restricts the amount of space available for other cargo. ",
"When travelling with a dog or dogs in the vehicle they typically require a lot of open space to sit down, move around, and be comfortable. ",
"It may be that there is not enough space in the vehicle's cargo area to accommodate both the ramp lying flat and a comfortable riding space for the dog or dogs. ",
"In addition, it may not be safe for the dog to ride in the cargo area with a ramp lying flat because the dog could hit or fall on the ramp while driving and hurt itself. ",
"Further, if the ramp is stored lying flat additional cargo cannot be stored on top of the ramp because the ramp must but be reasonably accessible for deployment when the vehicle is stopped. ",
"If the ramp is stored lying on its side, it does not take up nearly as much surface area as it does if it is lying flat however it must be very well secured so it does not fall over or move while driving as well as so it does not make extremely annoying rattling noises while driving. ",
"Securing the ramp when it is lying on its side in the back of the vehicle requires the user to bend inside of the vehicle and strap the ramp to the side of the vehicle which can take time, be quite tedious, and be strenuous on the lower back. ",
"Further, even with the best effort it can be quite difficult to secure the ramp tightly enough to totally restrict its movement under the vibration and other forces that are typical in a moving vehicle. ",
"Further, when the ramp vibrates it can make very annoying rattling noises.",
"\nThe second issue associated with storing a ramp in the vehicle is the process of securing the ramp in the vehicle, unsecuring the ramp from the vehicle, lifting the ramp in the vehicle, lifting the ramp out of the vehicle, deploying the ramp for use, and breaking down the ramp for storage. ",
"All of these can get quite cumbersome so anything that can simplify, minimize, and ease these processes would be a benefit.",
"\nThe third issue associated with storing a ramp in a car is that ramps can get dirty during use and storing the ramp in the car can transfer that dirt into the car. ",
"Some commercial trucks have a ramp and a ramp storage area built into the rear of the truck beneath the cargo bed. ",
"The ramp is merely pulled out of the back, the front end lifted into the anchor position, and in just a few minutes, the ramp is fully mounted to the vehicle and ready for use. ",
"When the vehicle must be driven, the ramp is simply unhooked from the anchor position and slid back into the ramp storage area. ",
"It is locked there and the vehicle may be driven. ",
"This storage process can be completed in less than two minutes. ",
"However, many vehicles, such as passenger vehicles including minivans and utility vehicles do not have a built-in ramp system such as this. ",
"The ramp must be stored elsewhere. ",
"A structure that would allow for the easy storage of a ramp in a passenger vehicle as well as one that reduces the effort involved in deploying the ramp from a passenger vehicle would be of benefit.",
"\nThere are many pastimes for which people use their vehicles including camping, tailgating, and hunting. ",
"When using a vehicle while engaging in pastimes, many people work or operate out of the backs of their vehicles. ",
"When working or operating out of the back of a vehicle it is necessary to have available surface space to place and rest gear, equipment, or any number of things. ",
"The interior cargo area of the vehicle can serve this purpose however there are several drawbacks with this method. ",
"First, if the cargo area of the vehicle is fully loaded then some of the cargo must be removed from the vehicle to make open surface space available for working or operating. ",
"Removing the cargo from the vehicle to make available surface space can be a hassle, can be physically demanding, and requires cargo to be placed somewhere else such as on the ground which could get the cargo dirty. ",
"Second, when working out of the back of a vehicle's cargo area, the surface can only be accessed from directly behind the vehicle and cannot be accessed from the side of the vehicle. ",
"Third, when working or operating out of a vehicle's cargo area it is necessary to bend over and lean in to access things on the vehicle cargo area surface which can be strenuous on the lower back. ",
"This is magnified if there is a protruding bumper.",
"\nFourth, many times when working or operating out of the back of a vehicle the amount of surface space available for use is not enough to cover the requirements of the task at hand. ",
"Fifth, many times while working or operating out of the back of a vehicle a mess can be made or an accident can happen that would not be wanted in the interior surface of the vehicle. ",
"An accident or mess in the interior surface of the vehicle can be difficult to clean, can complicate using the space for other cargo, could make driving in the vehicle uncomfortable for passengers because of odor, and may cause long term damage to the vehicle.",
"\nA structure that allows for a convertible stable contiguous exterior surface out the back of the vehicle that is flush with the interior of the vehicle would provide significant additional exterior surface space out the back of the vehicle that is easy to access and which could be used to facilitate working or operating from while engaged in pastimes. ",
"A structure that allows for a convertible contiguous exterior surface that extends out the back of the vehicle would allow users unrestricted access to work and operate from the right side of the exterior surface, the left side of the exterior surface, and the back of the exterior surface. ",
"The ability to operate from all three sides of the surface greatly improves the utility and the usability of the surface as well as eases the need to bend over while accessing things on the surface which reduces strain on the lower back. ",
"The more exterior surface space out the back of the vehicle that is available to use when working or operating then the greater the utility and usability of the exterior surface area. ",
"Additional surface extensions that allow for the expansion of the main contiguous exterior surface would be a benefit. ",
"The more placement options that are available for additional surface extensions then the greater the flexibility and use options when working or operating from the back of a vehicle while engaged in pastimes. ",
"A convertible contiguous exterior surface could be hosed off and easily washed which would be handy when managing messes and accidents.",
"\nHence, those of skill in the art have recognized a need for an improved system and method of loading and unloading cargo from a vehicle. ",
"A need is also recognized for an improved system of loading and unloading living cargo, including pets, into and out of a vehicle easily and safely using a ramp, and of storing the ramp for ready access during the loading and unloading process. ",
"A need is further recognized for an improved system that allows cargo to be moved sideways into and out of the cargo bed of the vehicle, such as from a sidewalk. ",
"The present invention meets these needs and other needs."
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[
"The Department of Justice had given Florida Governor Rick Scott until Wednesday, June 6, to respond to its demand that the state stop a legally questionable purge of its voter rolls that was designed to identify noncitizens and other ineligible voters. ",
"Scott made the DOJ wait until that very deadline, but chances are the conservative Republican wasn’t trying to be rude. ",
"He may well have been waiting for a political tailwind from the north — from Wisconsin, where another GOP governor, Scott Walker, was facing a recall vote on Tuesday engineered by Democrats angry at his conservative, antiunion policies.",
"\n\nIf so, Scott got what he hoped for: Walker handily defeated the recall effort. ",
"With that conservative momentum behind it, Scott’s administration on Wednesday sent U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder’s office a defiant rejection of the DOJ voter-roll order. ",
"This promises a presidential-election-year showdown between the Obama Administration and the nation’s most important swing state. “",
"Governor Walker’s big win has juiced up the conservative base in this country,” says Florida-based GOP pollster Alex Patton. “",
"Governor Scott had to have gained some confidence from it.”",
"\n\nThe Florida dispute may well be a key test of just how much juice the result in Wisconsin, where the contentious recall became a national issue, can pump into a conservative movement that lately hadn’t seemed as galvanized as it was in 2010. ",
"Despite Scott’s pledge to continue the voter-roll purge — which Republicans insist is needed to block voter fraud but which Democrats say is merely a ploy to disenfranchise minority voters in a critical battleground state — Florida’s 67 county-elections supervisors are refusing to cooperate. ",
"A big question is whether a resurgent lobbying push by conservatives, especially Tea Partyers, can wear down that resistance. “",
"We’re going to keep the pressure on all over the state,” a Jacksonville Tea Party leader told the Miami Herald.",
"\n\nThe voter-roll purge is the sort of aggressive challenge to Washington that Scott — a Tea Party favorite elected in 2010 whose first act as governor was his controversial rejection of $2 billion from the federal government for high-speed-rail development — has become known for. ",
"But the effort faces widespread criticism because its method, particularly the use of databases from state agencies like the Department of Motor Vehicles, has so far produced a list of some 2,700 suspected noncitizen voters that many election supervisors, Republicans as well as Democrats, say is unreliable. (",
"Only a handful of actual violators have been identified on it.) ",
"With memories of the 2000 Florida presidential-election recount debacle still fresh in their minds, supervisors like Ion Sancho, the party-unaffiliated head of elections in Leon County, insist that “we’re just not going to” excise voters at the Scott administration’s request.",
"\n\nThe clash drew the attention of the Justice Department in late May, when it sent a letter to Scott’s secretary of state, Ken Detzner, warning him that Florida was violating the federal Voting Rights Act by employing an unapproved purge process. ",
"The state, it said, was also flouting the National Voter Registration Act, which specifies that any voter-roll maintenance must cease 90 days before an election, which in Florida’s case should have been May 16 because the state is holding a primary Aug. 14. ",
"On Wednesday, Scott had Detzner fire back that the DOJ is misreading those statutes and that instead of obstructing Florida’s efforts to identify illegal voters, the Homeland Security Department should stop refusing states (illegally, Detzner contends) access to the federal citizenship database.",
"\n\nSo will the Wisconsin bounce be big enough to help Scott win over public support? ",
"His argument about access to the federal database is valid. ",
"But otherwise, it seems doubtful he’ll be able to rally Floridians or the rest of the country to back him against the DOJ or the state’s election supervisors. ",
"For starters, Scott’s approval ratings remain stuck in the dismal 30s — in large part because many Floridians feel that Scott, a multimillionaire former health care CEO who had never held elected office before, cares more about sparring with President Obama on the national stage than he does about fixing his state’s wrecked economy. ",
"Florida’s unemployment rate has only recently dipped below 9%.",
"\n\nThere are other reasons Scott’s efforts to rein in government in Florida, which emulate Walker’s sharp cuts in Wisconsin, have produced mixed results at best. ",
"Scott had hoped to make the state’s public-employee union members (who, in fairness to Scott, do not contribute to their own pensions) chip in 6% of their paychecks for their retirement, but the state legislature pulled that back to 3% — and a state judge in March overturned even that measure, saying it violated existing public-employee contracts. ",
"In fact, courts have struck down much of Scott’s agenda. ",
"Most recently, a federal judge rejected a law requiring voter-registration groups to submit forms within 48 hours of signing up new voters, calling it a “harsh and impractical” barrier to the democratic process.",
"\n\nWalker, meanwhile, is being hailed for turning Wisconsin’s $3.6 billion budget deficit into a surplus. ",
"Ironically, he may be adept at restraining spending because, contrary to the Tea Party mantra that first-time politicians are the antidote to big government, he’s actually been involved in politics for almost 20 years. ",
"He’s simply a better politician than the novice Scott, whose learning curve in office has been as steep as the Everglades are wide. ",
"And no north wind is going to blow that reality away overnight.",
"\n\nCorrection: I referred to Leon County elections supervisor Ion Sancho as a Democrat in the original version of this post. ",
"Sancho is no longer a Democrat and is registered as No Party Affiliation. ",
"Apologies."
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[
"For the past year FOX News host Sean Hannity has been investigating and reporting on the Obama deep state spying on the Trump campaign in the 2016 election.",
"\n\nSean and his guests including Gregg Jarrett, Sara Carter, John Solomon, and many others have pieced together the largest political scandal in modern US history. ",
"The Obama administration used all of the power of government to spy on and entrap Trump campaign officials.",
"\n\nUnfortunately for the left, during this same time they were listening to the anti-Trump fake news media and saw one Russia-collusion conspiracy after another unravel during the same time period.",
"\n\nOn Monday Sean Hannity warned that Democrats are going to be hit so hard by the Obama administration spying scandal that their newsrooms will be shaking at the foundation.",
"\n\nTRENDING: OUTRAGEOUS! ",
"Ohio State University President Sends Ignorant Text Message to Students Following Breonna Taylor Decision -- And a Crazy-Ass Video!",
"\n\nVia Hannity:\n\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qv7mkdFgkTU&feature=youtu.be"
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"3-20 tekens)';\n$LANG['sname']\t\t\t\t=\t\t'Achternaam:';\n$LANG['sdesc']\t\t\t\t=\t\t'(alleen letters. ",
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"\n$LANG['e_inprog']\t\t\t=\t\t'SSL aanvraag voor deze CSR is al in behandeling. ",
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"\n$LANG['i_csrcheckcancel']\t=\t\t'Annuleren';\n$LANG['pwait']\t\t\t =\t\t'Een moment geduld ...';\n$LANG['ses']\t\t\t =\t\t'sessie';\n$LANG['notfound']\t\t =\t\t'Niet gevonden';\n$LANG['oops']\t\t\t =\t\t'Oeps...';\n$LANG['selval'] \t= \t'Geselecteerd als validatie e-mailadres. ",
"Uw order wordt nu verzonden..';\n$LANG['refreshing'] \t= \t'Deze pagina zal elke 5 secondes vernieuwen. ",
"Het kan soms 2-3 minuten duren voordat wijzigingen weergegeven worden.';",
"\n$LANG['procompl'] \t= \t'Verwerking is al voltooid.';",
"\n$LANG['compl1'] \t= \t'Verwerken succesvol voltooid. ",
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"\n$LANG['chemail'] \t= \t'E-mailadres opgehaald. ",
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"E-mailadres ophalen..';\n$LANG['genorder'] \t= \t'Verwerken van order..';\n$LANG['gennew'] \t= \t'Aanmaken van nieuwe certificaat';"
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[
"Q:\n\nIs it possible to change an XML config file using Pax Exam?",
"\n\nI want to run multiple Fuse instances using Pax Exam on the same machine, and I want to reconfigure all used ports to make this possible. ",
"Unfortunately one port is defined in the etc/jetty.xml. ",
"Is there a way to have it changed somehow? ",
"I see that there is a set of options called KarafDistributionOption.editConfigurationFile* but they work only with property files.",
"\n\nIs there any Option implementation to use?",
"\nIs there any event hook like \"here is the fuse installation, do what you want before I start that\" ?",
"\n\nA:\n\nHmm. ",
"Got it:\nKarafDistributionOption.replaceConfigurationFile(configurationFilePath, source)\n\nSo what I do is:\n\nI save the original XML into my unit test jar as resource\nin the configuration phase I change the port\nwith the Option above I replace the config file in the target Fuse.",
"\n\n"
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[
"Psychotic depression: a review and clinical experience.",
"\nWe review research literature on psychotic (delusional) depression, including demographic, illness pattern, clinical, biological marker and treatment issues. ",
"Secondly, we report a study of a consecutive sample of 137 patients meeting criteria for DSM-III melancholia, RDC definite endogenous depression and our \"clinical\" criteria for endogenous depression, of whom there were 35 \"psychotic depressives\" (PDs). ",
"The PDs were contrasted with the remaining 76 depressives (EDs) and with an age and sex-matched subset (MEDs). ",
"The PDs were distinctly older than the EDs at assessment and at initial onset of any affective disorder. ",
"Compared to the MEDs, they tended to have longer illnesses, were more likely to be hospitalised (and to have longer stays), to receive (in the past and for the current episode) combination antipsychotic/antidepressant medication and/or ECT, and to have a poorer course over the following year. ",
"They were no more likely to have a bipolar pattern, a family history of depressive disorder, schizophrenia or alcoholism, or vegetative depressive features. ",
"Developmental psychosocial stressors and antecedent life event stressors were not over-represented. ",
"Most of the PDs had delusions, one-fifth reported hallucinations and psychomotor disturbance was marked. ",
"Other differential clinical findings were sustained mood disturbance, constipation, and the absence of a diurnal variation in mood and energy."
] | {
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[
"Hanover Outgoing CEO Prefers Healthcare to Property and Casualty\n\nRoche, 54, with over 30 years of experience in the P&C business, currently leads The Hanover’s personal and commercial lines businesses as president of Hanover Agency Markets, and has served on the company’s executive leadership team since 2008.",
"\n\nZubretsky, 60, was named the new CEO of Hanover in May 2016, succeeding Fred Eppinger. ",
"He served in senior executive roles at Aetna, the Fortune 50 insurer, from 2007 to 2015, most recently as chief executive officer of its Healthagen Holdings subsidiary. ",
"He is now heading over to Molina Healthcare, where he will assume the role of president and chief executive, effective November 6."
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[
"Q:\n\nIs there a way to get the audio/video file size for a particular format using youtube-dl\n\n<?",
"php\n $youtubeUrl = $_GET['url'];\n $content = shell_exec(\"youtube-dl -j $youtubeUrl \"); \n $meta=json_decode($content); \n $file= $meta->{'_filename'};\n $fileWithoutExtension = explode(\".",
"\",$file)[0];\n $extension = \".m4a\";\n $file = $fileWithoutExtension . ",
"$extension; \n\n header(\"Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=\\\"$file\\\"\" );\n header(\"Content-Type: application/octet-stream\");\n// $fize = shell_exec(\"youtube-dl -f 141 --get-size $URL\");\n// header(\"Content-Length: \" . ",
"$fsize);\n passthru(\"youtube-dl -f 140 -o - $youtubeUrl\");\n\n?",
">\n\nSee the commented lines. ",
"I need those Two lines. ",
"rest of the code is working fine. ",
"This file downloads the audio from YouTube. ",
"But I am not able to see any file size while downloading \n\nA:\n\nBecause youtube-dl doesn't have an option to display the size, you might want to look into ytdl instead, it can give you all the meta-data, like filesizes.",
"\nto install:\n$ pip install pafy\n...\n$ ytdl [url]\nStream Type Format Quality Size \n------ ---- ------ ------- ---- \n1 normal webm [640x360] 21 MB \n2 normal mp4 [640x360] 24 MB \n3 normal flv [320x240] 19 MB \n4 normal 3gp [320x240] 15 MB \n5 normal 3gp [176x144] 5 MB \n...\n\n(https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pafy )\n\n"
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[
"// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format\n// Copyright 2008 Google Inc. All rights reserved.",
"\n// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/\n//\n// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are\n// met:\n//\n// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.",
"\n// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above\n// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer\n// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the\n// distribution.",
"\n// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its\n// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from\n// this software without specific prior written permission.",
"\n//\n// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS\n// \"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR\n// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. ",
"IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT\n// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,\n// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,\n// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY\n// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT\n// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE\n// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.",
"\n\nsyntax = \"proto2\";\n\npackage proto2_arena_unittest;\n\nmessage ImportNoArenaNestedMessage {\n optional int32 d = 1;\n};\n"
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[
"Q:\n\nDoes the Shappening mean HTTPS can be broken?",
"\n\nFor years we've been warned that SHA-1 is weaker than originally thought and should not be used. ",
" This reached its peak with the Shappening and experts from Schneier on down have been warning that we should get off SHA-1, or something bad will happen.",
"\nWhat are the practical 'something bad's? ",
" Once an attacker has the capability to create a SHA-1 collision, what then can they do? ",
" I'm interested in confidentiality and integrity of HTTPS, but am open to broader answers.",
"\nSpecifically would it be feasible to do a MITM attack by creating a fake certificate for an existing website? ",
" It seems plausible: the attacker creates a fake certificate with the same name, but varies the other data in order to produce a SHA-1 hash that matches the SHA-1 hash of the original certificate.",
"\n\nA:\n\nSHA1 certificate is getting weaker because computing power grows to Moore's Law. ",
"According to Jesse Walker, who made a back of the envelope calculation of the cost of SHA1 collision attack: \n\nthe cost of the attack will be approximately:\n\n\\$2.77M in 2012\n\\$700K by 2015\n\\$173K by 2018\n\\$43K by 2021\n\nA collision attack is therefore well within the range of what an organized crime syndicate can practically budget by 2018, and a university research project by 2021.",
"\n\nTo your question:\n\nWhat are the practical 'something bad's?",
"\n\nThe practical \"something bad\" is that sometime this year, all major browser vendors (Google, Firefox, Microsoft) would distrust sha1 certificate. ",
"This means that your site/servers will be blocked with a big security warning, it might actually be more sensible to not use HTTPS at all than to use SHA1 certificate at that point. ",
"Some browsers now already no longer shows the secure lock icon on sites with SHA1 certificate.",
"\n\nOnce an attacker has the capability to create a SHA-1 collision, what then can they do?",
"\n\nCertificate signature is made by taking a hash of the public key and attached data (owner identity and Common Name/SAN) and then the CA signing that hash with the CA's private key.",
"\nIf you generate two keypairs with the same SHA1 signature, you can convince a CA to sign one of the public key and that signature will also be valid for the other key. ",
"From there on, it's a simple matter to implant the CA's signature on the second certificate. ",
"That second certificate could be for a different domain that you don't actually control.",
"\n\nA:\n\nSee Why We Need To Move To SHA-2, which sums thing up nicely:\n\nHash attacks are described as follows, in increasing order of difficulty for an attacker:\nCollision – A collision attack occurs when it is possible to find two different messages that hash to the same value. ",
"A collision attack against a CA happens at the time of certificate issuance. ",
"In a past attack against MD5, the attacker was able to produce a pair of colliding messages, one of which represented the contents of a benign end-entity certificate, and the other of which formed the contents of a malicious CA certificate. ",
"Once the end-entity certificate was signed by the CA, the attacker reused the digital signature to produce a fraudulent CA certificate. ",
"The attacker then used their CA certificate to issue fraudulent end-entity certificates for any domain. ",
"Collision attacks can be mitigated by putting entropy into the certificate, which makes it difficult for the attacker to guess the exact content of the certificate that will be signed by the CA. ",
"Entropy is typically found in the certificate serial number or in the validity periods. ",
"SHA-1 is known to have weaknesses in collision resistance.",
"\nSecond-preimage – In a second-preimage attack, a second message can be found that hashes to the same value as a given message. ",
"This allows the attacker to create fraudulent certificates at any time, not just at the time of certificate issuance. ",
"SHA-1 is currently resistant to second-preimage attacks.",
"\nPreimage – A preimage attack is against the one-way property of a hash function. ",
"In a preimage attack, a message can be determined that hashes to a given value. ",
"This could allow a password attack, where the attacker can determine a password based on the hash of the password found in a database. ",
"SHA-1 is currently resistant to preimage attacks.",
"\n\nSo a successful collision attack would indeed pretty much break SSL/TLS, as it did for MD5, and that's why browser vendors and CAs need to move to not use SHA-1. ",
" At this time, the requirement for certificate owners to move away from SHA-1 is, as noted elsewhere, largely reputational.",
"\n\n"
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[
"Early next month, the WATER CRIMES project will hold both a European Workshop on Water Crimes and a project mid-term meeting.",
"\n\nThe European Workshop on WATER CRIMES will be held on November 10–11, 2016 in A Coruna, Spain. ",
"The workshop is first gathering of experts in the field and proposes to establish a meeting point for experts from all over Europe in order to define water crime. ",
"The works also includes designing a threat-and-risk assessment. ",
"The project consortium is expecting experts from government institutions, academia, research institutions and international organisations from all EU member states,as well as the United States and Australia.",
"\n\nThe WATER CRIMES Project consortium will also hold its mid-term meeting to discuss stages of progress and various points of the ongoing project activities on November 09-10 in the premises of the University of A Coruna.",
"\n\nA detailed programme of the workshop can be found in the draft agenda.",
"\n\nThe European Workshop on Water Crimes is organised within the framework of the WATER CRIMES project, which started in January 2016 and is co-funded by the Internal Security Fund of the European Union. ",
"The primary aims of the project are to provide the first strategic analysis of crimes against water resources in Europe and to advance the knowledge in this field through: a) making an inventory of the various forms of crime that threaten this fundamental good, its management, the related supply chains and infrastructures; b) analysing the potential impact and the risk of these crimes in Europe; c) developing mid-term outlook of the trends of these crimes in Europe; d) making policy recommendations for mitigating strategies.",
"\n\nFor contact details and more information about the activities and partners in this research project, please visit our website www.watercrimes.eu.",
"\n\nCrises, Economy and Punishment:The influence of the Great Recession on crime and penalityInternational two-day conference\n\nCALL FOR PAPERS\nOver the last decades, a significant number of path-breaking contributions have read the evolution of crime and penality from a politico-economic perspective. ",
"Most remarkably, the analytical framework of the Political Economy of Punishment has been pivotal in reframing critical thought on penality, by relating punishment to economic variables, such as unemployment, economic cycles or the level of exploitation of the workforce. ",
"Along with those works, over the last fifteen years or so another line of inquiry has been unfolding, which is aimed at explaining the rise of punitiveness (and sometimes the evolution of crime) from the standpoint of the rise of neoliberalism, understood as an economic doxa but also as a political project. ",
"Moreover, all throughout the last century key criminologists have widely analysed the relation between economic variables and crime. ",
"However, those challenging literatures have rarely addressed the concept of economic crises and their implications for crime and penality.",
"\nIt appears, though, to be particularly timely to reflect on the evolution of crime and the contours of penality from the standpoint of the current economic crisis. ",
"Not in vain, what has been named the Great Recession, that from 2007 affected wide regions of the Global North in particular, has entailed era-defining economic, political, social and cultural transformations. ",
"The field of crime and punishment has not been immune to these mutations. ",
"In the US context, key authors have recently pointed out that the economic crisis has crucially contributed to the momentum of an emergent new –and less punitive- common sense on penality. ",
"By the same token, in Europe the decades-long cycle of increasing punitiveness seems to have come to a halt during the recession period, especially in countries such as Italy and Spain, but also in the UK and Nordic countries. ",
"By contrast, South American countries, which so far have been scarcely affected by the Great Recession, have witnessed a most prominent and uninterrupted rise of punitiveness throughout the last decade. ",
"As regards the crime issue, the economic recession has not led to an increment of crime rates, but rather the opposite, at least in the Global North.",
"\nIn sum, the Conference aims to debate the influence of economic crises, and particularly of the Great Recession, on crime and punishment. ",
"Likewise, the Conference seeks to contribute thereby to the rich academic tradition which develops a politico-economic reading of crime and penality. ",
"Moreover, the Conference is aimed at reflecting on the allegedly arising new common sense on punishment, and on its forthcoming consequences.",
"\nTherefore, we will consider contributions on a wide range of issues that encompass the broad theme of Crises, Economy and Punishment: The influence of the Great Recession on crime and penality, particularly on the themes of:\n\nOrganization:\nECRIM, University of A Corunna, Spain (www.ecrim.es)\nAcademic chairs: José Ángel Brandariz (University of A Coruna, Spain), Russell Hogg (Queensland University of Technology, Australia) and Máximo Sozzo (National University of the Litoral, Argentina)\nOrganizing committee: Patricia Faraldo (University of A Corunna, Spain, Chair), David Castro (University of A Corunna, Spain), Beatriz Cruz (University of Cadiz, Spain), Ignacio González (University of Girona, Spain), María de los Ángeles Fuentes (University of A Corunna, Spain), Daniel Jiménez (University of Zaragoza, Spain), Carmen Lamela (University of A Corunna, Spain), Silvia Rodríguez (University of A Corunna, Spain)\nThe Conference is mainly funded by a research grant awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy\n\nAbstract guidelines:\nProposals should be titled and should not exceed 250 words. ",
"Please include the proposer’s name and contact details along with his or her university affiliation.",
"Please submit abstracts via email to: [email protected]\nThe papers presented at the workshop may be eventually published in a book containing the workshop proceedings.",
"\n\nClosing date:5 April 2016\nDecisions about the acceptance of the papers will be made by late April 2016.",
"\n\nIn recent years, a prominent piece of academic literature has analysed the transformations in the field of punishment through the lens of what has been called neoliberalism. ",
"Several theoretical perspectives, such as the governmentality studies, or a variety of analyses on post-welfarist punishment, have highlighted the influence of economic policies and the neoliberal mode of government on the recent evolution of penal policies.",
"\n\nThese theoretical frameworks appear to be especially relevant to face the current challenges of the field of punishment and social control. ",
"Yet, a crucial historical event has further strengthened the interest of this sort of analysis. ",
"In effect, the study of punishment from the perspective of politics and political economy has gained momentum with the beginning of what has been termed the Great Recession. ",
"The conference is focused on this theoretical field, and it aims to reflect on punishment both in relation to and beyond neoliberalism.",
"\n\nTherefore, we will consider contributions on a wide range of issues that encompass the broad theme of Beyond Neoliberalism? ",
"Politics and Punishment in Contemporary Societies, particularly on the themes of:"
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"The salt-cocrystal spectrum in salicylic acid-adenine: the influence of crystal structure on proton-transfer balance.",
"\nAt one extreme of the proton-transfer spectrum in cocrystals, proton transfer is absent, whilst at the opposite extreme, in salts, the proton-transfer process is complete. ",
"However, for acid-base pairs with a small ΔpKa (pKa of base - pKa of acid), prediction of the extent of proton transfer is not possible as there is a continuum between the salt and cocrystal ends. ",
"In this context, we attempt to illustrate that in these systems, in addition to ΔpKa, the crystalline environment could change the extent of proton transfer. ",
"To this end, two compounds of salicylic acid (SaH) and adenine (Ad) have been prepared. ",
"Despite the same small ΔpKa value (≈1.2), different ionization states are found. ",
"Both crystals, namely adeninium salicylate monohydrate, C5H6N5+·C7H5O3-·H2O, I, and adeninium salicylate-adenine-salicylic acid-water (1/2/1/2), C5H6N5+·C7H5O3-·2C5H5N5·C7H6O3·2H2O, II, have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis (C, H and N) techniques. ",
"In addition, the intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions of compounds I and II have been investigated and quantified in detail on the basis of Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plots. ",
"Throughout the study, we use crystal engineering, which is based on modifications of the intermolecular interactions, thus offering a more comprehensive screening of the salt-cocrystal continuum in comparison with pure pKa analysis."
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"// Example showing that we have to gather the statements in a block to build the delete list!",
"\n// Note that these fail for the case of variable declarations.",
"\n\nextern int abc;\n\nnamespace X\n {\n struct { int x; } a;\n struct { int x; };\n }\n\n"
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[
"Friday, 10 April 2015\n\nThe Whitechapel Gallery\n\n77-82\nWhitechapel High Road,\n\nLondon E1 7 QX\n\nWednesday April 9 2015\n\nToday’s museum outing was prefaced by another (yes, we feel\nentitled to be blasé having already been in the Evening Standard and Guardian\nand on BBC and ITV) meeting with the press – this time Alexi Duggins, Editor at Large (that means he gets\nto leave the office – a lot) from Time\nOut who have previously given us a boost\nand reference though not a full article. ",
"I think the element he found\nmost intriguing was that we stuck at one thing whereas I suppose his\nprofessional life is defined by variety and novelty.",
"\n\nVery helpfully he and his photographer had alerted the\ngallery that they were coming and this allowed us to take a few photos, and be\nescorted by Alex, the Gallery’s press and PR officer.",
"\n\nThe gallery has a\nlong and venerable history and we liked the fact that it was founded in the\nspirit of Victorian philanthropy – the Barnetts strike again! – ",
"and the wish to\nbring art to the East End, and also allow locals to exhibit. (",
"Though to prove that philanthropy is not\nalways modest, we have been interested to learn that it lost a chance for a\nsubstantial donation from John Passmore Edwards when, unlike the Library next\ndoor, it declined to call itself the Passmore Edwards Gallery.) ",
"The South East London member of the\nparty is pleased to note that architect for the Gallery, Charles Harrison\nTownsend, is also the man who designed the Horniman Museum.",
"\n\nFrom 1901the Whitechapel Gallery has stood at the heart of\na changing community showcasing the work of a range of contemporary artists for\nfree and welcoming in the locals – most galleries that do not house permanent\ncollections are to be found ‘up west’ and are essentially commercial. ",
"There was a great range of limited editions prints should you have the wall space. ",
"The original purpose designed building\nwas revamped in the Eighties and in 2009 almost doubled its exhibition space by\nincorporating the Passmore Edwards Library from next door – the fusion of the\ntwo buildings works extremely well and we loved the space and light within\nbefore we had even entered any of the display galleries. ",
"It is no accident that\ntwo previous directors, Charles Aitken and then Sir Nicholas Serota, went on to\nhelm the Tate Gallery(ies). ",
"Their reputation has been in hosting more\nchallenging exhibitions, but also those that draw on the local community.",
"\n\nThe downstairs room had just closed its exhibition about the\n‘black square’ looking at abstract art which has been around longer than you\nmight think. ",
"We were upstairs enjoying\nthe energy of Peter Liversidge’s ‘Notes on Protesting’ where he had worked with\na local Tower Hamlets School (Marion Richardson, she of the handwriting) to get\nprimary age children to think about what they disliked and wanted to change.",
"\nAnything that politicizes and activises young people must be good and we agreed\nwith most of their choices: banning dog poo (or at least clearing it properly) and\nhelping poor people ranked high and were straightforward and laudable. ",
"A plea\nto do away with Homework is not new and as Jo said years of research has not\nreally proved whether making younger children (as young as 4+) ‘do homework’ actually\nimproves their learning or achievements overall. ",
"I suppose for secondary age\npupils the time might be too short to cover the curriculum without doing some\nof it out of school?? ",
"Anyway I digress – There must be an improvement in school\nmeals as these did not feature greatly in the protests. ",
"As part of the artwork the children were\nfilmed doing their ‘protesting’ Peter Liversidge likes to combine documentation and performance in his\nconceptual art.",
"\n\nGallery 7 a lovely airy space was used to display a range\nof works curated byLynette Yiadom-Boakye. ",
"This exhibition is entitled ‘Natures\n– Natural and Unnatural ‘ with works generally redolent of Spring so the whole\nroom has a positive but peaceful air to it. ",
"She has drawn on contributions from\nthe Moscow based V-A-C gallery (a fairly\nrecent post Glasnost collection hoping to showcase home-grown more modern art )\nbroadly referencing nature in its content.",
"\nWarhol’s screen print of a dairy cow was based , as is often the case,\non some advertisement, and is quite reminiscent of ‘la Vache Qui Rit’, a\nchildhood favourite – persevere with this website and you will get an\nirreverent gallop through two millennia of ‘art’ cow style.",
"\n\nTalking of familiar tropes – there were sunflowers about as cheerful as you can get – this time\nthanks to David Hockney rather than Van Gogh but with the obligatory wilting\nbloom - always there as a ‘vanitas’\nsymbol of the brevity of life.",
"\n\nWe enjoyed the masked people (or were they blooms?) ",
"by\nEnrico David not quite dancing like the Russian artist gyrating to Hendrix’s\n‘Voodoo Child’ on the grave of his father, not so much in disrespect as\njoy. ",
"An eclectic and stimulating choice.",
"\n\nThe Whitechapel Gallery does not have a substantive\ncollection so we had taken ‘pot luck’ with today’s visit but were overall\nimpressed greatly enjoying the building and its facilities – large and largely serious bookshop, airy streetside\ncafé and renovated basement loos. ",
"But of course the art was what we took away on this marvellous spring day.",
"\n\nThe Project\n\nIn March 2009, we 'ladies who bus', Linda, Mary and Jo, decided to travel every London bus route from end to end. ",
"Now that we have completed this Odyssey, we are going to visit every museum in London, and let our readers know what we find and what we think."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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0.0006330217001959682,
0.0006626699469052255,
0.0005479250685311854
] | 0.000878 | 31 |
[
"New anti-inflammatory cembranoid diterpenoids from the Vietnamese soft coral Lobophytum crassum.",
"\nFour new cembranoid diterpenes lobocrasols A-D (1-4), were isolated from the methanol extract of the soft coral Lobophytum crassum. ",
"Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of the spectroscopic data with those of similar compounds previously reported in literature. ",
"The anti-inflammatory effects of isolated compounds were evaluated using NF-κB luciferase and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ",
"Compounds 1 and 2 significantly inhibited TNFα-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 6.30±0.42 and 6.63±0.11μM, respectively. ",
"Furthermore, the transcriptional inhibition of these compounds was confirmed by a decrease in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression levels in HepG2 cells."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} | [
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0.0009888032218441367,
0.0005397782078944147,
0.0006655253237113357,
0.0006454825052060187,
0.0006423600134439766
] | 0.000914 | 6 |
[
"Identification of Genomic Somatic Variants in Cancer: From Discovery to Actionability.",
"\nThe perfect method to discover and validate actionable somatic variants in cancer has not yet been developed, yet significant progress has been made toward this goal. ",
"There have been huge increases in the throughput and cost of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing technologies that have led to the burgeoning possibility of using sequencing data in clinical settings. ",
"Discovery of somatic mutations is relatively simple and has been improved recently due to laboratory methods optimization, bioinformatics algorithms development, and the expansion of various databases of population genomic information. ",
"Tiered systems of evidence evaluation are currently being used to classify genomic variants for clinicians to more rapidly and accurately determine actionability of these aberrations. ",
"These efforts are complicated by the intricacies of communicating sequencing results to physicians and supporting its biological relevance, emphasizing the need for increasing education of clinicians and administrators, and the ongoing development of ethical standards for dealing with incidental results. ",
"This chapter will focus on general aspects of DNA and RNA tumor sequencing technologies, data analysis and interpretation, assessment of biological and clinical relevance of genomic aberrations, ethical aspects of germline sequencing, and how these factors impact cancer personalized care."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} | [
0.0006197046022862196,
0.0006296458304859698,
0.0006457612616941333,
0.0005553222144953907,
0.0005913458880968392,
0.0005542939179576933,
0.0006013104575686157
] | 0.0006 | 7 |
[
"Chuck E. Cheese Commercial Song 2016 – Joke From Pasqually\n\nChuck E. Cheese launched a new commercial titled “Soccer” as part of their Joke from Pasqually ad campaign.",
"\nThe spot, 1-minute-and-58-second-long, starts with a short song with the lyrics “It’s time for a joke, a joke from Pasqually”.",
"\nThe next scene features Chuck E., the animated talking mouse (the brand’s face), saying: “Alright, folks, as you probably guessed by the theme song, it’s time again for a few jokes from our resident pizza chef and drummer Pasqually. ",
"Take it away, Pasqually!”",
"\nPasqually, a black-haired puppet, with black mustache, comes in and starts the show: “It’s the time for more jokes from a me, Pasqually.",
"\nOk, here we go. ",
"What do you get when you put a radio in the refrigerator?”. “",
"You give up?”, ",
"he asks immediately after, telling then the answer: “Cool music”, which makes him laugh out loud. “",
"Ok, ok, I have another one for you. ",
"What is a frog’s favorite sport? ",
"Any guesses? ",
"Croaket. ",
"Do you get it? ",
"Frog’s sport. ",
"They like to play croaket. ",
"Hahahaha. ",
"Ok, I got one more for you today. ",
"What is a soccer ball’s favorite assault? ",
"You gotta love this one. ",
"You give up? ",
"I get a kit out of you”. ",
"His laugh is interrupted by an attack with balls from the audience.",
"\nThe spot ends with the chain’s slogan: “Fun everyday. ",
"No Joke! ",
"Chuck E. Cheese’s. ",
"Where a Kid Can Be A Kid”."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} | [
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0.0024195772130042315,
0.0008840181399136782,
0.0006210076971910894,
0.003392669605091214,
0.0007296162657439709,
0.017869925126433372,
0.0012953737750649452,
0.008554467000067234,
0.10804788768291473,
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0.1547888219356537,
0.06057460606098175,
0.0007072637090459466,
0.012690214440226555,
0.0018364042043685913,
0.010947116650640965
] | 0.020622 | 27 |
[
"China Travel Tips\n\nReflections on Travel in China\n\nSaturday, May 15, 2010\n\nMany people thought that after the dam was built that the Yangtze River Cruises would cease running. ",
"Actually they have gotten better but business slowed a bit until this year as more people are aware of it now. ",
"The Gorge is still very high and the cruise is better than ever. ",
"It is a nice relaxing few days break during a China tour to cruise the Yangtze with daily activities, off boat sights, nightly entertainment and great meals or just relax on deck to enjoy the scenery and boat traffic on the river. ",
"Victoria Cruises, a U.S. owned line, is our choice of Lines however the Century Line shown above has introduced new boats one of which I sailed on recently and experienced their hospitality. ",
"Beware of tour operators who offer very low prices for cruises as there are many poor Cruise boats on the river as well with older boats and cleanliness issues. ",
"I recommend the U.S. Victoria Line, Century and the Century Line as your best choices. ",
"Prices vary from mid range to luxury suites. ",
"For more information on Cruising the Yangtze, contact me at [email protected] I have been on the Yangtze cruise 8 times to keep up with the changes in life along the Yangtze.. As an experienced China only Tour Operator doing Tours to china for the past 25 years we can help you plan a tour to your interests and expectations. ",
"Check our web site at www.interlakechinatours.com for packages including the Yangtze River Cruise. ",
"Click on the photo for full screen viewing.www.victoriacruises.com and www.centuryrivercruises.com\n\nNo comments:\n\nAbout the Author\n\nDave Bruels, owner/operator of Interlake China Tours, Inc., has traveled China for the past 25 years with over 50 trips to some of the far corners of the country. ",
"Dave has lectured in China under the United Nations “Star Program” and worked with government agencies, companies and travel services during his travels in China. ",
"Working with guides, travel services, inspecting hotels, seeing some of the various entertainment shows and new sights are just part of his job in providing great tours for his customers. ",
"Follow him on twitter at @dbruels"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} | [
0.0005743307992815971,
0.0005655049462802708,
0.0009039634023793042,
0.0005735824815928936,
0.0005847087595611811,
0.0008897844818420708,
0.0005530577036552131,
0.0005980186979286373,
0.0005346903344616294,
0.0005751560674980283,
0.0005531370406970382,
0.000596136727835983,
0.0005488113383762538,
0.0010285925818607211
] | 0.000649 | 14 |
[
"Penn State football head coach Bill O’Brien has for the fifth time this fall been named a finalist for a national coaching honor with his selection as one of six candidates for the Bear Bryant Coach of the Year.",
"\n\nThe 2012 ESPN Coach of the Year, O’Brien also is a finalist for the Liberty Mutual Coach of the Year and the Maxwell Football Club’s Collegiate Coach of the Year. ",
"The first-year Nittany Lion mentor also was a finalist for the Eddie Robinson Coach of the Year by the Football Writers Association of America and is among six candidates for the Dapper Dan Sportsman of the Year, awarded to sportsmen of Western Pennsylvania.",
"\n\nO’Brien is joined on the list for the Bear Bryant award by James Franklin (Vanderbilt), Urban Meyer (Ohio State), David Shaw (Stanford), Bill Snyder (Kansas State) and Kevin Sumlin (Texas A&M).",
"\n\nSponsored by the American Heart Association and Marathon Oil, the Bear Bryant Coach of the Year will be announced Jan. 17 in Houston.",
"\n\nSign Up and Save\n\nO’Brien was named the Big Ten’s Dave McClain Coach of the Year (media) and Hayes-Schembechler Coach of the Year (coaches). ",
"He was just the seventh first-year head coach to earn the Big Ten-Dave McClain Coach of the Year in the 41 years it has been awarded.",
"\n\nPenn State’s 15th head coach in program history, O’Brien led the Nittany Lions to victories in eight of their final 10 games, earning an 8-4 overall record and a 6-2 mark in the Big Ten."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} | [
0.0009345479775220156,
0.0007426837692037225,
0.0008373974706046283,
0.0006107465014792979,
0.0005879538366571069,
0.0009278954239562154,
0.0010617817752063274,
0.0012489514192566276
] | 0.000869 | 8 |
[
"package core.org.akaza.openclinica.web.bean;\n\nimport core.org.akaza.openclinica.bean.extract.",
"ArchivedDatasetFileBean;\nimport core.org.akaza.openclinica.i18n.util.",
"ResourceBundleProvider;\n\nimport java.text.",
"SimpleDateFormat;\nimport java.util.",
"ArrayList;\n\n/**\n * @author thickerson\n */\npublic class ArchivedDatasetFileRow extends EntityBeanRow {\n\n public static final int COL_DATASETFORMAT = 0;\n public static final int COL_FILENAME = 1;\n public static final int COL_FILERUNTIME = 2;\n public static final int COL_FILESIZE = 3;\n public static final int COL_FILECREATEDDATE = 4;\n public static final int COL_FILEOWNER = 5;\n public static final int COL_STATUS = 6;\n public static final int COL_JOB_TYPE = 7;\n public static final int COL_ACTION = 8;\n public SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(ResourceBundleProvider.getFormatBundle().getString(\"date_time_format_string\"));\n\n @Override\n protected int compareColumn(Object row, int sortingColumn) {\n if (!",
"row.getClass().equals(ArchivedDatasetFileRow.class)) {\n return 0;\n }\n\n ArchivedDatasetFileBean thisAccount = (ArchivedDatasetFileBean) bean;\n ArchivedDatasetFileBean argAccount = (ArchivedDatasetFileBean) ((ArchivedDatasetFileRow) row).bean;\n\n int answer = 0;\n switch (sortingColumn) {\n case COL_DATASETFORMAT:\n answer = thisAccount.getFormat().toLowerCase().compareTo(argAccount.getFormat().toLowerCase());\n break;\n case COL_FILENAME:\n answer = thisAccount.getName().toLowerCase().compareTo(argAccount.getName().toLowerCase());\n break;\n case COL_FILERUNTIME:\n answer = Double.compare(thisAccount.getRunTime(), argAccount.getRunTime());\n break;\n case COL_FILESIZE:\n answer = Integer.compare(thisAccount.getFileSize(), argAccount.getFileSize());\n break;\n case COL_FILECREATEDDATE:\n answer = thisAccount.getDateCreated().compareTo(argAccount.getDateCreated());\n break;\n case COL_FILEOWNER:\n answer = thisAccount.getOwner().getName().toLowerCase().compareTo(argAccount.getOwner().getName().toLowerCase());\n break;\n case COL_STATUS:\n answer = thisAccount.getStatus().compareTo(argAccount.getStatus());\n break;\n\n }\n\n return answer;\n }\n\n @Override\n public String getSearchString() {\n ArchivedDatasetFileBean thisAccount = (ArchivedDatasetFileBean) bean;\n return thisAccount.getFormat() + \" \" + thisAccount.getName() + \" \" +\n sdf.format(thisAccount.getDateCreated()) + \" \" + thisAccount.getOwner() + \" \" +\n thisAccount.getStatus() + \" \" + thisAccount.getJobType();\n }\n\n public static ArrayList generateRowsFromBeans(ArrayList beans) {\n ArrayList answer = new ArrayList();\n\n for (int i = 0; i < beans.size(); i++) {\n try {\n ArchivedDatasetFileRow row = new ArchivedDatasetFileRow();\n row.setBean((ArchivedDatasetFileBean) beans.get(i));\n answer.add(row);\n } catch (Exception e) {\n }\n }\n\n return answer;\n }\n\n @Override\n public ArrayList generatRowsFromBeans(ArrayList beans) {\n return null;\n }\n}\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} | [
0.0008021141402423382,
0.001158963656052947,
0.0007678494439460337,
0.000902083411347121,
0.0010565439006313682,
0.010987439192831516
] | 0.002612 | 6 |
[
"Impact of Simulation-Enhanced Pharmacology Education in Prelicensure Nursing Education.",
"\nStudent and novice nurses are susceptible to committing medication errors related to lack of experience. ",
"To address medication safety, a quasi-experimental design (N = 120) was used to test the effect of adding simulation to an undergraduate nursing pharmacology course on students' confidence and competence, medication adverse events, and observed medication administration practices. ",
"Students who received simulation-enhanced pharmacology demonstrated important improvements in medication administration safety. ",
"Implementing simulation in nursing pharmacology curriculum is consistent with recommendations to implement Quality and Safety Education for Nurses competencies into nursing education."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} | [
0.0009883312741294503,
0.0012099642772227526,
0.0006067487411201,
0.0006800408591516316,
0.000664327060803771
] | 0.00083 | 5 |
[
"Factors Associated With Crestal Bone Loss Following Dental Implant Placement in a Longitudinal Follow-up Study.",
"\nThe purpose of this study is to estimate the magnitude of crestal bone loss and to identify factors associated with changes in crestal bone height following placement of dental implants. ",
"This was a retrospective cohort study, consisting of a sample derived from the population of patients who had at least 1 dental implant placed in a community practice over a 10-year period. ",
"A total of 11 predictor variables were grouped into demographic, related health status, anatomic, implant-specific, and operative categories. ",
"The primary outcome variable was a change in crestal bone height (mm) over the course of follow-up. ",
"The secondary outcome variable was crestal bone loss at 1 year grouped into 2 categories (bone loss >1.5 mm and ≤1.5 mm). ",
"Univariate and multivariate regression mixed-effects models were developed to identify variables associated with crestal bone level changes over time. ",
"P values ≤.05 were considered statistically significant. ",
"The study sample was composed of 85 subjects who received 148 implants. ",
"The mean change of the crestal bone was -2.1 ± 1.5 mm (range = -12.5 to 0.5 mm; median = -1.77 mm). ",
"In the multivariate model, none of the variables studied were statistically associated with mean crestal bone loss. ",
"Among 84 (66.1%) implants with bone loss >1.5 mm within 1 year, no variables were associated with bone loss in the multivariate model. ",
"Of the 11 predictor variables evaluated in this study, none were statistically significant with regard to an increased risk for crestal bone loss or for excessive bone loss within the first year after implant placement."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} | [
0.0006615460733883083,
0.0006499858573079109,
0.0005522673018276691,
0.0005838872748427093,
0.0005659043090417981,
0.0006184333469718695,
0.000641796097625047,
0.0005491305491887033,
0.0006686838460154831,
0.0006321832770481706,
0.0006921886815689504,
0.0007151567842811346,
0.0006327448063530028
] | 0.000628 | 13 |
[
"Flat Rock (Columbus, Georgia)\n\nFlat Rock is a residential neighborhood located in Columbus, Georgia. ",
"In it is Flat Rock Park.",
"\n\nCategory:Columbus metropolitan area, Georgia\nCategory:Neighborhoods in Columbus, Georgia\nCategory:Columbus, Georgia stubs"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} | [
0.0007015680894255638,
0.000780008384026587,
0.0006018640124239028
] | 0.000694 | 3 |
[
"Q:\n\nFeignClient is passing on headers\n\nI have about 10 microservices all built with Spring boot 2 using Eureka and FeignClients. ",
"My microservices use certain header values to keep track of data so when a FeignClient is used it needs to pass on certain values that are in the incoming request. ",
"So if Microservice 1 does a call to Microservice 2 it must pass on the headers from the incoming request onto microservice 2. ",
"I haven't been able to find out how I can do that. ",
"I understand their is @Header however if you have 20 FeignClients then you don't want to have to manually add the @header to all the FeignClients. ",
"Can you indicate that FeignClients must read a certain header from the incoming request and pass it on in the FeignClient? ",
" \n\nA:\n\nYou can use request interceptor in Feign.",
"\nExample Implementation:\nRequest Interceptor:\n@Component\npublic class MyRequestInterceptor implements RequestInterceptor {\n\n @Override\n public void apply(RequestTemplate template) {\n ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();\n String authorization = requestAttributes.getRequest().getHeader(HttpHeaders.",
"AUTHORIZATION);\n if(null !",
"= authorization) {\n template.header(HttpHeaders.",
"AUTHORIZATION, authorization);\n }\n }\n\n}\n\nBean Configuration:\n@Configuration\npublic class CustomFeignConfig {\n\n @Bean\n public Contract feignContract() {\n return new feign.",
"Contract.",
"Default();\n }\n\n @Bean\n public MyRequestInterceptor basicAuthRequestInterceptor() {\n return new MyRequestInterceptor();\n }\n\n @Bean\n public OkHttpClient client() {\n return new OkHttpClient();\n }\n\n}\n\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} | [
0.0008773424779064953,
0.0006217459449544549,
0.0006801202544011176,
0.0006356766098178923,
0.0007678963011130691,
0.0008109597838483751,
0.0006836436805315316,
0.0009143596980720758,
0.0023526339791715145,
0.0008618318242952228,
0.0009949295781552792,
0.0010149654699489474,
0.0019910356495529413
] | 0.001016 | 13 |
[
"// Copyright (C) MongoDB, Inc. 2017-present.",
"\n//\n// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\"); you may\n// not use this file except in compliance with the License. ",
"You may obtain\n// a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\n// Package topology contains types that handles the discovery, monitoring, and selection\n// of servers. ",
"This package is designed to expose enough inner workings of service discovery\n// and monitoring to allow low level applications to have fine grained control, while hiding\n// most of the detailed implementation of the algorithms.",
"\npackage topology // import \"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/x/mongo/driver/topology\"\n\nimport (\n\t\"context\"\n\t\"errors\"\n\t\"math/rand\"\n\t\"strings\"\n\t\"sync\"\n\t\"sync/atomic\"\n\t\"time\"\n\n\t\"fmt\"\n\n\t\"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson/primitive\"\n\t\"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/event\"\n\t\"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/address\"\n\t\"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/description\"\n\t\"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/x/mongo/driver\"\n\t\"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/x/mongo/driver/dns\"\n)\n\n// ErrSubscribeAfterClosed is returned when a user attempts to subscribe to a\n// closed Server or Topology.",
"\nvar ErrSubscribeAfterClosed = errors.",
"New(\"cannot subscribe after closeConnection\")\n\n// ErrTopologyClosed is returned when a user attempts to call a method on a\n// closed Topology.",
"\nvar ErrTopologyClosed = errors.",
"New(\"topology is closed\")\n\n// ErrTopologyConnected is returned whena user attempts to Connect to an\n// already connected Topology.",
"\nvar ErrTopologyConnected = errors.",
"New(\"topology is connected or connecting\")\n\n// ErrServerSelectionTimeout is returned from server selection when the server\n// selection process took longer than allowed by the timeout.",
"\nvar ErrServerSelectionTimeout = errors.",
"New(\"server selection timeout\")\n\n// MonitorMode represents the way in which a server is monitored.",
"\ntype MonitorMode uint8\n\n// These constants are the available monitoring modes.",
"\nconst (\n\tAutomaticMode MonitorMode = iota\n\tSingleMode\n)\n\n// Topology represents a MongoDB deployment.",
"\ntype Topology struct {\n\tconnectionstate int32\n\n\tcfg *config\n\n\tdesc atomic.",
"Value // holds a description.",
"Topology\n\n\tdnsResolver *dns.",
"Resolver\n\n\tdone chan struct{}\n\n\tpollingRequired bool\n\tpollingDone chan struct{}\n\tpollingwg sync.",
"WaitGroup\n\trescanSRVInterval time.",
"Duration\n\tpollHeartbeatTime atomic.",
"Value // holds a bool\n\n\tupdateCallback updateTopologyCallback\n\tfsm *fsm\n\n\t// This should really be encapsulated into it's own type. ",
"This will likely\n\t// require a redesign so we can share a minimum of data between the\n\t// subscribers and the topology.",
"\n\tsubscribers map[uint64]chan description.",
"Topology\n\tcurrentSubscriberID uint64\n\tsubscriptionsClosed bool\n\tsubLock sync.",
"Mutex\n\n\t// We should redesign how we Connect and handle individal servers. ",
"This is\n\t// too difficult to maintain and it's rather easy to accidentally access\n\t// the servers without acquiring the lock or checking if the servers are\n\t// closed. ",
"This lock should also be an RWMutex.",
"\n\tserversLock sync.",
"Mutex\n\tserversClosed bool\n\tservers map[address.",
"Address]*Server\n\n\tid primitive.",
"ObjectID\n}\n\nvar _ driver.",
"Deployment = &Topology{}\nvar _ driver.",
"Subscriber = &Topology{}\n\ntype serverSelectionState struct {\n\tselector description.",
"ServerSelector\n\ttimeoutChan <-chan time.",
"Time\n}\n\nfunc newServerSelectionState(selector description.",
"ServerSelector, timeoutChan <-chan time.",
"Time) serverSelectionState {\n\treturn serverSelectionState{\n\t\tselector: selector,\n\t\ttimeoutChan: timeoutChan,\n\t}\n}\n\n// New creates a new topology.",
"\nfunc New(opts ...Option) (*Topology, error) {\n\tcfg, err := newConfig(opts...)\n\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn nil, err\n\t}\n\n\tt := &Topology{\n\t\tcfg: cfg,\n\t\tdone: make(chan struct{}),\n\t\tpollingDone: make(chan struct{}),\n\t\trescanSRVInterval: 60 * time.",
"Second,\n\t\tfsm: newFSM(),\n\t\tsubscribers: make(map[uint64]chan description.",
"Topology),\n\t\tservers: make(map[address.",
"Address]*Server),\n\t\tdnsResolver: dns.",
"DefaultResolver,\n\t\tid: primitive.",
"NewObjectID(),\n\t}\n\tt.desc.",
"Store(description.",
"Topology{})\n\tt.updateCallback = func(desc description.",
"Server) description.",
"Server {\n\t\treturn t.apply(context.",
"TODO(), desc)\n\t}\n\n\tif t.cfg.uri !",
"= \"\" {\n\t\tt.pollingRequired = strings.",
"HasPrefix(t.cfg.uri, \"mongodb+srv://\")\n\t}\n\n\tt.publishTopologyOpeningEvent()\n\n\treturn t, nil\n}\n\n// Connect initializes a Topology and starts the monitoring process. ",
"This function\n// must be called to properly monitor the topology.",
"\nfunc (t *Topology) Connect() error {\n\tif !",
"atomic.",
"CompareAndSwapInt32(&t.connectionstate, disconnected, connecting) {\n\t\treturn ErrTopologyConnected\n\t}\n\n\tt.desc.",
"Store(description.",
"Topology{})\n\tvar err error\n\tt.serversLock.",
"Lock()\n\n\t// A replica set name sets the initial topology type to ReplicaSetNoPrimary unless a direct connection is also\n\t// specified, in which case the initial type is Single.",
"\n\tif t.cfg.replicaSetName !",
"= \"\" {\n\t\tt.fsm.",
"SetName = t.cfg.replicaSetName\n\t\tt.fsm.",
"Kind = description.",
"ReplicaSetNoPrimary\n\t}\n\n\t// A direct connection unconditionally sets the topology type to Single.",
"\n\tif t.cfg.mode == SingleMode {\n\t\tt.fsm.",
"Kind = description.",
"Single\n\t}\n\n\tfor _, a := range t.cfg.seedList {\n\t\taddr := address.",
"Address(a).Canonicalize()\n\t\tt.fsm.",
"Servers = append(t.fsm.",
"Servers, description.",
"NewDefaultServer(addr))\n\t}\n\n\t// store new description\n\tnewDesc := description.",
"Topology{\n\t\tKind: t.fsm.",
"Kind,\n\t\tServers: t.fsm.",
"Servers,\n\t\tSessionTimeoutMinutes: t.fsm.",
"SessionTimeoutMinutes,\n\t}\n\tt.desc.",
"Store(newDesc)\n\tt.publishTopologyDescriptionChangedEvent(description.",
"Topology{}, t.fsm.",
"Topology)\n\tfor _, a := range t.cfg.seedList {\n\t\taddr := address.",
"Address(a).Canonicalize()\n\t\terr = t.addServer(addr)\n\t\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\treturn err\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\tt.serversLock.",
"Unlock()\n\n\tif t.pollingRequired {\n\t\tgo t.pollSRVRecords()\n\t\tt.pollingwg.",
"Add(1)\n\t}\n\n\tt.subscriptionsClosed = false // explicitly set in case topology was disconnected and then reconnected\n\n\tatomic.",
"StoreInt32(&t.connectionstate, connected)\n\treturn nil\n}\n\n// Disconnect closes the topology. ",
"It stops the monitoring thread and\n// closes all open subscriptions.",
"\nfunc (t *Topology) Disconnect(ctx context.",
"Context) error {\n\tif !",
"atomic.",
"CompareAndSwapInt32(&t.connectionstate, connected, disconnecting) {\n\t\treturn ErrTopologyClosed\n\t}\n\n\tservers := make(map[address.",
"Address]*Server)\n\tt.serversLock.",
"Lock()\n\tt.serversClosed = true\n\tfor addr, server := range t.servers {\n\t\tservers[addr] = server\n\t}\n\tt.serversLock.",
"Unlock()\n\n\tfor _, server := range servers {\n\t\t_ = server.",
"Disconnect(ctx)\n\t\tt.publishServerClosedEvent(server.address)\n\t}\n\n\tt.subLock.",
"Lock()\n\tfor id, ch := range t.subscribers {\n\t\tclose(ch)\n\t\tdelete(t.subscribers, id)\n\t}\n\tt.subscriptionsClosed = true\n\tt.subLock.",
"Unlock()\n\n\tif t.pollingRequired {\n\t\tt.pollingDone <- struct{}{}\n\t\tt.pollingwg.",
"Wait()\n\t}\n\n\tt.desc.",
"Store(description.",
"Topology{})\n\n\tatomic.",
"StoreInt32(&t.connectionstate, disconnected)\n\tt.publishTopologyClosedEvent()\n\treturn nil\n}\n\n// Description returns a description of the topology.",
"\nfunc (t *Topology) Description() description.",
"Topology {\n\ttd, ok := t.desc.",
"Load().(description.",
"Topology)\n\tif !",
"ok {\n\t\ttd = description.",
"Topology{}\n\t}\n\treturn td\n}\n\n// Kind returns the topology kind of this Topology.",
"\nfunc (t *Topology) Kind() description.",
"TopologyKind { return t.Description().Kind }\n\n// Subscribe returns a Subscription on which all updated description.",
"Topologys\n// will be sent. ",
"The channel of the subscription will have a buffer size of one,\n// and will be pre-populated with the current description.",
"Topology.",
"\n// Subscribe implements the driver.",
"Subscriber interface.",
"\nfunc (t *Topology) Subscribe() (*driver.",
"Subscription, error) {\n\tif atomic.",
"LoadInt32(&t.connectionstate) !",
"= connected {\n\t\treturn nil, errors.",
"New(\"cannot subscribe to Topology that is not connected\")\n\t}\n\tch := make(chan description.",
"Topology, 1)\n\ttd, ok := t.desc.",
"Load().(description.",
"Topology)\n\tif !",
"ok {\n\t\ttd = description.",
"Topology{}\n\t}\n\tch <- td\n\n\tt.subLock.",
"Lock()\n\tdefer t.subLock.",
"Unlock()\n\tif t.subscriptionsClosed {\n\t\treturn nil, ErrSubscribeAfterClosed\n\t}\n\tid := t.currentSubscriberID\n\tt.subscribers[id] = ch\n\tt.currentSubscriberID++\n\n\treturn &driver.",
"Subscription{\n\t\tUpdates: ch,\n\t\tID: id,\n\t}, nil\n}\n\n// Unsubscribe unsubscribes the given subscription from the topology and closes the subscription channel.",
"\n// Unsubscribe implements the driver.",
"Subscriber interface.",
"\nfunc (t *Topology) Unsubscribe(sub *driver.",
"Subscription) error {\n\tt.subLock.",
"Lock()\n\tdefer t.subLock.",
"Unlock()\n\n\tif t.subscriptionsClosed {\n\t\treturn nil\n\t}\n\n\tch, ok := t.subscribers[sub.",
"ID]\n\tif !",
"ok {\n\t\treturn nil\n\t}\n\n\tclose(ch)\n\tdelete(t.subscribers, sub.",
"ID)\n\treturn nil\n}\n\n// RequestImmediateCheck will send heartbeats to all the servers in the\n// topology right away, instead of waiting for the heartbeat timeout.",
"\nfunc (t *Topology) RequestImmediateCheck() {\n\tif atomic.",
"LoadInt32(&t.connectionstate) !",
"= connected {\n\t\treturn\n\t}\n\tt.serversLock.",
"Lock()\n\tfor _, server := range t.servers {\n\t\tserver.",
"RequestImmediateCheck()\n\t}\n\tt.serversLock.",
"Unlock()\n}\n\n// SelectServer selects a server with given a selector. ",
"SelectServer complies with the\n// server selection spec, and will time out after severSelectionTimeout or when the\n// parent context is done.",
"\nfunc (t *Topology) SelectServer(ctx context.",
"Context, ss description.",
"ServerSelector) (driver.",
"Server, error) {\n\tif atomic.",
"LoadInt32(&t.connectionstate) !",
"= connected {\n\t\treturn nil, ErrTopologyClosed\n\t}\n\tvar ssTimeoutCh <-chan time.",
"Time\n\n\tif t.cfg.serverSelectionTimeout > 0 {\n\t\tssTimeout := time.",
"NewTimer(t.cfg.serverSelectionTimeout)\n\t\tssTimeoutCh = ssTimeout.",
"C\n\t\tdefer ssTimeout.",
"Stop()\n\t}\n\n\tvar doneOnce bool\n\tvar sub *driver.",
"Subscription\n\tselectionState := newServerSelectionState(ss, ssTimeoutCh)\n\tfor {\n\t\tvar suitable []description.",
"Server\n\t\tvar selectErr error\n\n\t\tif !",
"doneOnce {\n\t\t\t// for the first pass, select a server from the current description.",
"\n\t\t\t// this improves selection speed for up-to-date topology descriptions.",
"\n\t\t\tsuitable, selectErr = t.selectServerFromDescription(t.",
"Description(), selectionState)\n\t\t\tdoneOnce = true\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t// if the first pass didn't select a server, the previous description did not contain a suitable server, so\n\t\t\t// we subscribe to the topology and attempt to obtain a server from that subscription\n\t\t\tif sub == nil {\n\t\t\t\tvar err error\n\t\t\t\tsub, err = t.Subscribe()\n\t\t\t\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn nil, err\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tdefer t.Unsubscribe(sub)\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tsuitable, selectErr = t.selectServerFromSubscription(ctx, sub.",
"Updates, selectionState)\n\t\t}\n\t\tif selectErr !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\treturn nil, selectErr\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif len(suitable) == 0 {\n\t\t\t// try again if there are no servers available\n\t\t\tcontinue\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tselected := suitable[rand.",
"Intn(len(suitable))]\n\t\tselectedS, err := t.FindServer(selected)\n\t\tswitch {\n\t\tcase err !",
"= nil:\n\t\t\treturn nil, err\n\t\tcase selectedS !",
"= nil:\n\t\t\treturn selectedS, nil\n\t\tdefault:\n\t\t\t// We don't have an actual server for the provided description.",
"\n\t\t\t// This could happen for a number of reasons, including that the\n\t\t\t// server has since stopped being a part of this topology, or that\n\t\t\t// the server selector returned no suitable servers.",
"\n\t\t}\n\t}\n}\n\n// SelectServerLegacy selects a server with given a selector. ",
"SelectServerLegacy complies with the\n// server selection spec, and will time out after severSelectionTimeout or when the\n// parent context is done.",
"\nfunc (t *Topology) SelectServerLegacy(ctx context.",
"Context, ss description.",
"ServerSelector) (*SelectedServer, error) {\n\tif atomic.",
"LoadInt32(&t.connectionstate) !",
"= connected {\n\t\treturn nil, ErrTopologyClosed\n\t}\n\tvar ssTimeoutCh <-chan time.",
"Time\n\n\tif t.cfg.serverSelectionTimeout > 0 {\n\t\tssTimeout := time.",
"NewTimer(t.cfg.serverSelectionTimeout)\n\t\tssTimeoutCh = ssTimeout.",
"C\n\t\tdefer ssTimeout.",
"Stop()\n\t}\n\n\tsub, err := t.Subscribe()\n\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn nil, err\n\t}\n\tdefer t.Unsubscribe(sub)\n\n\tselectionState := newServerSelectionState(ss, ssTimeoutCh)\n\tfor {\n\t\tsuitable, err := t.selectServerFromSubscription(ctx, sub.",
"Updates, selectionState)\n\t\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\treturn nil, err\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tselected := suitable[rand.",
"Intn(len(suitable))]\n\t\tselectedS, err := t.FindServer(selected)\n\t\tswitch {\n\t\tcase err !",
"= nil:\n\t\t\treturn nil, err\n\t\tcase selectedS !",
"= nil:\n\t\t\treturn selectedS, nil\n\t\tdefault:\n\t\t\t// We don't have an actual server for the provided description.",
"\n\t\t\t// This could happen for a number of reasons, including that the\n\t\t\t// server has since stopped being a part of this topology, or that\n\t\t\t// the server selector returned no suitable servers.",
"\n\t\t}\n\t}\n}\n\n// FindServer will attempt to find a server that fits the given server description.",
"\n// This method will return nil, nil if a matching server could not be found.",
"\nfunc (t *Topology) FindServer(selected description.",
"Server) (*SelectedServer, error) {\n\tif atomic.",
"LoadInt32(&t.connectionstate) !",
"= connected {\n\t\treturn nil, ErrTopologyClosed\n\t}\n\tt.serversLock.",
"Lock()\n\tdefer t.serversLock.",
"Unlock()\n\tserver, ok := t.servers[selected.",
"Addr]\n\tif !",
"ok {\n\t\treturn nil, nil\n\t}\n\n\tdesc := t.Description()\n\treturn &SelectedServer{\n\t\tServer: server,\n\t\tKind: desc.",
"Kind,\n\t}, nil\n}\n\n// selectServerFromSubscription loops until a topology description is available for server selection. ",
"It returns\n// when the given context expires, server selection timeout is reached, or a description containing a selectable\n// server is available.",
"\nfunc (t *Topology) selectServerFromSubscription(ctx context.",
"Context, subscriptionCh <-chan description.",
"Topology,\n\tselectionState serverSelectionState) ([]description.",
"Server, error) {\n\n\tcurrent := t.Description()\n\tfor {\n\t\tselect {\n\t\tcase <-ctx.",
"Done():\n\t\t\treturn nil, ServerSelectionError{Wrapped: ctx.",
"Err(), Desc: current}\n\t\tcase <-selectionState.timeoutChan:\n\t\t\treturn nil, ServerSelectionError{Wrapped: ErrServerSelectionTimeout, Desc: current}\n\t\tcase current = <-subscriptionCh:\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tsuitable, err := t.selectServerFromDescription(current, selectionState)\n\t\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\t\treturn nil, err\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tif len(suitable) > 0 {\n\t\t\treturn suitable, nil\n\t\t}\n\t\tt.RequestImmediateCheck()\n\t}\n}\n\n// selectServerFromDescription process the given topology description and returns a slice of suitable servers.",
"\nfunc (t *Topology) selectServerFromDescription(desc description.",
"Topology,\n\tselectionState serverSelectionState) ([]description.",
"Server, error) {\n\n\t// Unlike selectServerFromSubscription, this code path does not check ctx.",
"Done or selectionState.timeoutChan because\n\t// selecting a server from a description is not a blocking operation.",
"\n\n\tif desc.",
"CompatibilityErr !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn nil, desc.",
"CompatibilityErr\n\t}\n\n\tvar allowed []description.",
"Server\n\tfor _, s := range desc.",
"Servers {\n\t\tif s.Kind !",
"= description.",
"Unknown {\n\t\t\tallowed = append(allowed, s)\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\tsuitable, err := selectionState.selector.",
"SelectServer(desc, allowed)\n\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn nil, ServerSelectionError{Wrapped: err, Desc: desc}\n\t}\n\treturn suitable, nil\n}\n\nfunc (t *Topology) pollSRVRecords() {\n\tdefer t.pollingwg.",
"Done()\n\n\tserverConfig, _ := newServerConfig(t.cfg.serverOpts...)\n\theartbeatInterval := serverConfig.heartbeatInterval\n\n\tpollTicker := time.",
"NewTicker(t.rescanSRVInterval)\n\tdefer pollTicker.",
"Stop()\n\tt.pollHeartbeatTime.",
"Store(false)\n\tvar doneOnce bool\n\tdefer func() {\n\t\t// ¯\\_(ツ)_/¯\n\t\tif r := recover(); r !",
"= nil && !",
"doneOnce {\n\t\t\t<-t.pollingDone\n\t\t}\n\t}()\n\n\t// remove the scheme\n\turi := t.cfg.uri[14:]\n\thosts := uri\n\tif idx := strings.",
"IndexAny(uri, \"/?@\"); idx !",
"= -1 {\n\t\thosts = uri[:idx]\n\t}\n\n\tfor {\n\t\tselect {\n\t\tcase <-pollTicker.",
"C:\n\t\tcase <-t.pollingDone:\n\t\t\tdoneOnce = true\n\t\t\treturn\n\t\t}\n\t\ttopoKind := t.Description().Kind\n\t\tif !(",
"topoKind == description.",
"Unknown || topoKind == description.",
"Sharded) {\n\t\t\tbreak\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tparsedHosts, err := t.dnsResolver.",
"ParseHosts(hosts, false)\n\t\t// DNS problem or no verified hosts returned\n\t\tif err !",
"= nil || len(parsedHosts) == 0 {\n\t\t\tif !",
"t.pollHeartbeatTime.",
"Load().(bool) {\n\t\t\t\tpollTicker.",
"Stop()\n\t\t\t\tpollTicker = time.",
"NewTicker(heartbeatInterval)\n\t\t\t\tt.pollHeartbeatTime.",
"Store(true)\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tcontinue\n\t\t}\n\t\tif t.pollHeartbeatTime.",
"Load().(bool) {\n\t\t\tpollTicker.",
"Stop()\n\t\t\tpollTicker = time.",
"NewTicker(t.rescanSRVInterval)\n\t\t\tt.pollHeartbeatTime.",
"Store(false)\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tcont := t.processSRVResults(parsedHosts)\n\t\tif !",
"cont {\n\t\t\tbreak\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\t<-t.pollingDone\n\tdoneOnce = true\n}\n\nfunc (t *Topology) processSRVResults(parsedHosts []string) bool {\n\tt.serversLock.",
"Lock()\n\tdefer t.serversLock.",
"Unlock()\n\n\tif t.serversClosed {\n\t\treturn false\n\t}\n\tprev := t.fsm.",
"Topology\n\tdiff := t.fsm.",
"Topology.",
"DiffHostlist(parsedHosts)\n\n\tif len(diff.",
"Added) == 0 && len(diff.",
"Removed) == 0 {\n\t\treturn true\n\t}\n\n\tfor _, r := range diff.",
"Removed {\n\t\taddr := address.",
"Address(r).Canonicalize()\n\t\ts, ok := t.servers[addr]\n\t\tif !",
"ok {\n\t\t\tcontinue\n\t\t}\n\t\tgo func() {\n\t\t\tcancelCtx, cancel := context.",
"WithCancel(context.",
"Background())\n\t\t\tcancel()\n\t\t\t_ = s.Disconnect(cancelCtx)\n\t\t}()\n\t\tdelete(t.servers, addr)\n\t\tt.fsm.removeServerByAddr(addr)\n\t\tt.publishServerClosedEvent(s.address)\n\t}\n\tfor _, a := range diff.",
"Added {\n\t\taddr := address.",
"Address(a).Canonicalize()\n\t\t_ = t.addServer(addr)\n\t\tt.fsm.addServer(addr)\n\t}\n\t//store new description\n\tnewDesc := description.",
"Topology{\n\t\tKind: t.fsm.",
"Kind,\n\t\tServers: t.fsm.",
"Servers,\n\t\tSessionTimeoutMinutes: t.fsm.",
"SessionTimeoutMinutes,\n\t}\n\tt.desc.",
"Store(newDesc)\n\n\tif !",
"prev.",
"Equal(newDesc) {\n\t\tt.publishTopologyDescriptionChangedEvent(prev, newDesc)\n\t}\n\n\tt.subLock.",
"Lock()\n\tfor _, ch := range t.subscribers {\n\t\t// We drain the description if there's one in the channel\n\t\tselect {\n\t\tcase <-ch:\n\t\tdefault:\n\t\t}\n\t\tch <- newDesc\n\t}\n\tt.subLock.",
"Unlock()\n\n\treturn true\n\n}\n\n// apply updates the Topology and its underlying FSM based on the provided server description and returns the server\n// description that should be stored.",
"\nfunc (t *Topology) apply(ctx context.",
"Context, desc description.",
"Server) description.",
"Server {\n\tt.serversLock.",
"Lock()\n\tdefer t.serversLock.",
"Unlock()\n\n\tind, ok := t.fsm.findServer(desc.",
"Addr)\n\tif t.serversClosed || !",
"ok {\n\t\treturn desc\n\t}\n\n\tprev := t.fsm.",
"Topology\n\toldDesc := t.fsm.",
"Servers[ind]\n\tif description.",
"CompareTopologyVersion(oldDesc.",
"TopologyVersion, desc.",
"TopologyVersion) > 0 {\n\t\treturn oldDesc\n\t}\n\n\tvar current description.",
"Topology\n\tvar err error\n\tcurrent, desc, err = t.fsm.apply(desc)\n\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn desc\n\t}\n\n\tif !",
"oldDesc.",
"Equal(desc) {\n\t\tt.publishServerDescriptionChangedEvent(oldDesc, desc)\n\t}\n\n\tdiff := description.",
"DiffTopology(prev, current)\n\n\tfor _, removed := range diff.",
"Removed {\n\t\tif s, ok := t.servers[removed.",
"Addr]; ok {\n\t\t\tgo func() {\n\t\t\t\tcancelCtx, cancel := context.",
"WithCancel(ctx)\n\t\t\t\tcancel()\n\t\t\t\t_ = s.Disconnect(cancelCtx)\n\t\t\t}()\n\t\t\tdelete(t.servers, removed.",
"Addr)\n\t\t\tt.publishServerClosedEvent(s.address)\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\tfor _, added := range diff.",
"Added {\n\t\t_ = t.addServer(added.",
"Addr)\n\t}\n\n\tt.desc.",
"Store(current)\n\tif !",
"prev.",
"Equal(current) {\n\t\tt.publishTopologyDescriptionChangedEvent(prev, current)\n\t}\n\n\tt.subLock.",
"Lock()\n\tfor _, ch := range t.subscribers {\n\t\t// We drain the description if there's one in the channel\n\t\tselect {\n\t\tcase <-ch:\n\t\tdefault:\n\t\t}\n\t\tch <- current\n\t}\n\tt.subLock.",
"Unlock()\n\n\treturn desc\n}\n\nfunc (t *Topology) addServer(addr address.",
"Address) error {\n\tif _, ok := t.servers[addr]; ok {\n\t\treturn nil\n\t}\n\n\tsvr, err := ConnectServer(addr, t.updateCallback, t.id, t.cfg.serverOpts...)\n\tif err !",
"= nil {\n\t\treturn err\n\t}\n\n\tt.servers[addr] = svr\n\n\treturn nil\n}\n\n// String implements the Stringer interface\nfunc (t *Topology) String() string {\n\tdesc := t.Description()\n\n\tserversStr := \"\"\n\tt.serversLock.",
"Lock()\n\tdefer t.serversLock.",
"Unlock()\n\tfor _, s := range t.servers {\n\t\tserversStr += \"{ \" + s.String() + \" }, \"\n\t}\n\treturn fmt.",
"Sprintf(\"Type: %s, Servers: [%s]\", desc.",
"Kind, serversStr)\n}\n\n// publishes a ServerDescriptionChangedEvent to indicate the server description has changed\nfunc (t *Topology) publishServerDescriptionChangedEvent(prev description.",
"Server, current description.",
"Server) {\n\tserverDescriptionChanged := &event.",
"ServerDescriptionChangedEvent{\n\t\tAddress: current.",
"Addr,\n\t\tTopologyID: t.id,\n\t\tPreviousDescription: prev,\n\t\tNewDescription: current,\n\t}\n\n\tif t.cfg.serverMonitor !",
"= nil && t.cfg.serverMonitor.",
"ServerDescriptionChanged !",
"= nil {\n\t\tt.cfg.serverMonitor.",
"ServerDescriptionChanged(serverDescriptionChanged)\n\t}\n}\n\n// publishes a ServerClosedEvent to indicate the server has closed\nfunc (t *Topology) publishServerClosedEvent(addr address.",
"Address) {\n\tserverClosed := &event.",
"ServerClosedEvent{\n\t\tAddress: addr,\n\t\tTopologyID: t.id,\n\t}\n\n\tif t.cfg.serverMonitor !",
"= nil && t.cfg.serverMonitor.",
"ServerClosed !",
"= nil {\n\t\tt.cfg.serverMonitor.",
"ServerClosed(serverClosed)\n\t}\n}\n\n// publishes a TopologyDescriptionChangedEvent to indicate the topology description has changed\nfunc (t *Topology) publishTopologyDescriptionChangedEvent(prev description.",
"Topology, current description.",
"Topology) {\n\ttopologyDescriptionChanged := &event.",
"TopologyDescriptionChangedEvent{\n\t\tTopologyID: t.id,\n\t\tPreviousDescription: prev,\n\t\tNewDescription: current,\n\t}\n\n\tif t.cfg.serverMonitor !",
"= nil && t.cfg.serverMonitor.",
"TopologyDescriptionChanged !",
"= nil {\n\t\tt.cfg.serverMonitor.",
"TopologyDescriptionChanged(topologyDescriptionChanged)\n\t}\n}\n\n// publishes a TopologyOpeningEvent to indicate the topology is being initialized\nfunc (t *Topology) publishTopologyOpeningEvent() {\n\ttopologyOpening := &event.",
"TopologyOpeningEvent{\n\t\tTopologyID: t.id,\n\t}\n\n\tif t.cfg.serverMonitor !",
"= nil && t.cfg.serverMonitor.",
"TopologyOpening !",
"= nil {\n\t\tt.cfg.serverMonitor.",
"TopologyOpening(topologyOpening)\n\t}\n}\n\n// publishes a TopologyClosedEvent to indicate the topology has been closed\nfunc (t *Topology) publishTopologyClosedEvent() {\n\ttopologyClosed := &event.",
"TopologyClosedEvent{\n\t\tTopologyID: t.id,\n\t}\n\n\tif t.cfg.serverMonitor !",
"= nil && t.cfg.serverMonitor.",
"TopologyClosed !",
"= nil {\n\t\tt.cfg.serverMonitor.",
"TopologyClosed(topologyClosed)\n\t}\n}\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} | [
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[
"The present invention relates to catalysts useful in the oxidation and/or ammoxidation of olefins. ",
"More specifically, the present invention relates to a novel process for producing oxidation and/or ammoxidation catalysts having superior properties.",
"\nIt is well known that olefins can be oxidized to oxygenated hydrocarbons such as unsaturated aldehydes and acids, for example, acrolein and methacrolein, and acrylic and methacrylic acids. ",
"It is also well known that olefins can be ammoxidized to unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile. ",
"The value of such oxygenated hydrocarbons and unsaturated nitriles is generally well recognized with acrylonitrile being among the most valuable monomers available to the polymer industry for producing useful polymeric products.",
"\nVarious catalytic processes are known for the oxidation and/or ammoxidation of olefins. ",
"Such processes commonly react an olefin or an olefin-ammonia mixture with oxygen in the vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst. ",
"For the production of acrolein and acrylonitrile, propylene is the generally used olefin reactant and for the production of methacrolein and methacrylonitrile, isobutylene is the generally used olefin reactant.",
"\nMany different catalysts have been disclosed as useful in the oxidation and ammoxidation of olefins. ",
"For example, see U.S. Pat. ",
"Nos. ",
"3,882,159 and 3,746,657. ",
"Also see commonly assigned application Ser. ",
"No. ",
"748,609, filed Dec. 7, 1976, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. ",
"As will be noted, catalysts based on bismuth and molybdenum, i.e. bismuth molybdate catalysts, promoted with various additional elements such as iron, cobalt, nickel, potassium, phosphorus, chromium, manganese and the like show special utility for these reactions.",
"\nBismuth molybdate catalyst have been prepared in the past by a number of different techniques. ",
"For example, Example III of U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"3,746,657 shows a preparation method comprising forming a mixture of potassium hydroxide, ammonium molybdate and silica, adding to the mixture phosphoric acid, solutions in nitric acid of the nitrates of cobalt, iron, nickel and bismuth, and more silica to form a slurry, then spray drying and calcining to form the catalyst. ",
"Application Ser. ",
"No. ",
"748,609 discloses a catalyst preparation technique in which an aqueous solution of cobalt nitrate and nickel nitrate, an aqueous solution of potassium nitrate and iron nitrate, an aqueous nitric acid solution of bismuth nitrate and a silica sol are added in order to an aqueous solution of ammonium heptamolybdate and phosphoric acid, and the composition so obtained sprayed dried and calcined to form the catalyst. ",
"This application discloses another catalyst proparation technique in which an aqueous nitric acid solution of ferric nitrate and bismuth nitrate is added to a previously formed aqueous slurry containing ammonium heptamolybdate, phosphoric acid, arsenic acid, silica sol, nickel nitrate and cobalt nitrate, the composition so obtained heated until a gel forms, and the gel dried and calcined to produce the ultimate catalyst.",
"\nEach of the known techniques of catalyst preparation has relative advantages and disadvantages. ",
"Also, there has been some indication that the catalytic properties of the ultimate catalysts produced can be improved if specific catalysts preparation techniques are followed. ",
"As yet, however, there is no known catalyst preparation technique which is both simple and easy to perform and capable of enhancing the catalytic properties of the ultimate catalyst.",
"\nAccordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a catalyst preparation technique especially suited for preparing bismuth molybdate type catalysts which is both simple and easy to perform as well as capable of enhancing the catalytic properties of the catalyst produced."
] | {
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[
"Q:\n\nHow to publish/deploy visual studio project as an installer\n\nI just finished developing a system for a company. ",
"It will be used on 50+ PCs.",
"\nThe only problem left is the installation process. ",
"I don't think it's efficient to manually copy the whole folder of the project e.g. on Documents folder and create a Desktop shortcut of the .exe file on every PC.",
"\nIf possible, I'd like to compress (not sure if this is the right term for it) the whole project folder into a single setup/installer which will place it in the Documents folder and create a Desktop shortcut of the .exe file. ",
"Is there a way to do that? ",
"Thanks.",
"\n\nA:\n\nFirst of all install this.left\nhttps://visualstudiogallery.msdn.microsoft.com/f1cc3f3e-c300-40a7-8797-c509fb8933b9\nOnce you have this installed,\ngo to Solution Explorer and right click \"Solution \"YOUR PROGRAMS NAME\" go down to \"Add\" and select \"New Project\" on the right hand side scroll down to \"Other Project Type\" and expend it and click on \"Visual Studio Installer\" and select \"Setup Project\" and Name your setup exe.",
"\nA new window will pop up. ",
"On the left hand side you will see \"Application Folder\" Right click on it and select \"Add\" > \"Project output\" and click on \"Primary Output\" and press \"ok\"\nOnce you have done that, on the right hand side you should see two or more files, right click on the one that should say \"Primary output From \"YOUR PROGRAMS NAME\" and select \"create Shortcut - \"YOUR PROGRAMS NAME\"\nOnce that is done, rename your shortcut to your programs name. ",
"eg \"my first program\" after that click and drag it to \"Users Desktop Folder on the left hand side.",
"\nThen right click \"User's Program Menu\" and add a Folder and name it to your programs company name \"eg Microsoft\" this will make a folder in the start menu.",
"\nAfter that select the folder you have just renamed and right click on the right hand side and select \"Create new Shortcut\" a window will pop up for you, select the \"Application Folder\" and then \"Primary output from YOUR PROGRAMS NAME\" and press \"ok\"\nOnce all of this is done close out of it and go to \"Solution Explorer\" and press F4, here you will have the options to add details about your program eg who it is and even an icon.",
"\nI may have missed somethings, but after reading this you will have a basic idea of what is required and you will be able to add your own things.",
"\nAlso i cant remember but you might have to also add your programs Icon to the \"Application Folder\"\nonce you have done everything, open \"solution explorer\" and right click on the new project you have created and press \"build\" you will be able to find the files where you main project is located.",
"\nGood Luck!",
"\n\n"
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[
"/* -*- mode: C++ ; c-file-style: \"stroustrup\" -*- *****************************\n * Qwt Widget Library\n * Copyright (C) 1997 Josef Wilgen\n * Copyright (C) 2002 Uwe Rathmann\n *\n * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\n * modify it under the terms of the Qwt License, Version 1.0\n *****************************************************************************/\n\n#include \"qwt_picker_machine.h\"\n#include \"qwt_event_pattern.h\"\n#include <qevent.h>\n\n//! ",
"Constructor\nQwtPickerMachine::QwtPickerMachine( SelectionType type ):\n d_selectionType( type ),\n d_state( 0 )\n{\n}\n\n//! ",
"Destructor\nQwtPickerMachine::~QwtPickerMachine()\n{\n}\n\n//! ",
"Return the selection type\nQwtPickerMachine::SelectionType QwtPickerMachine::selectionType() const\n{\n return d_selectionType;\n}\n\n//! ",
"Return the current state\nint QwtPickerMachine::state() const\n{\n return d_state;\n}\n\n//! ",
"Change the current state\nvoid QwtPickerMachine::setState( int state )\n{\n d_state = state;\n}\n\n//! ",
"Set the current state to 0.",
"\nvoid QwtPickerMachine::reset()\n{\n setState( 0 );\n}\n\n//! ",
"Constructor\nQwtPickerTrackerMachine::QwtPickerTrackerMachine():\n QwtPickerMachine( NoSelection )\n{\n}\n\n//! ",
"Transition\nQList<QwtPickerMachine::Command> QwtPickerTrackerMachine::transition(\n const QwtEventPattern &, const QEvent *e )\n{\n QList<QwtPickerMachine::Command> cmdList;\n\n switch ( e->type() )\n {\n case QEvent::Enter:\n case QEvent::MouseMove:\n {\n if ( state() == 0 )\n {\n cmdList += Begin;\n cmdList += Append;\n setState( 1 );\n }\n else\n {\n cmdList += Move;\n }\n break;\n }\n case QEvent::Leave:\n {\n cmdList += Remove;\n cmdList += End;\n setState( 0 );\n }\n default:\n break;\n }\n\n return cmdList;\n}\n\n//! ",
"Constructor\nQwtPickerClickPointMachine::QwtPickerClickPointMachine():\n QwtPickerMachine( PointSelection )\n{\n}\n\n//! ",
"Transition\nQList<QwtPickerMachine::Command> QwtPickerClickPointMachine::transition(\n const QwtEventPattern &eventPattern, const QEvent *event )\n{\n QList<QwtPickerMachine::Command> cmdList;\n\n switch ( event->type() )\n {\n case QEvent::MouseButtonPress:\n {\n if ( eventPattern.mouseMatch( QwtEventPattern::MouseSelect1, \n static_cast<const QMouseEvent *>( event ) ) )\n {\n cmdList += Begin;\n cmdList += Append;\n cmdList += End;\n }\n break;\n }\n case QEvent::KeyPress:\n {\n if ( eventPattern.keyMatch( QwtEventPattern::KeySelect1, \n static_cast<const QKeyEvent *> ( event ) ) )\n {\n cmdList += Begin;\n cmdList += Append;\n cmdList += End;\n }\n break;\n }\n default:\n break;\n }\n\n return cmdList;\n}\n\n//! ",
"Constructor\nQwtPickerDragPointMachine::QwtPickerDragPointMachine():\n QwtPickerMachine( PointSelection )\n{\n}\n\n//! ",
"Transition\nQList<QwtPickerMachine::Command> QwtPickerDragPointMachine::transition(\n const QwtEventPattern &eventPattern, const QEvent *event )\n{\n QList<QwtPickerMachine::Command> cmdList;\n\n switch ( event->type() )\n {\n case QEvent::MouseButtonPress:\n {\n if ( eventPattern.mouseMatch( QwtEventPattern::MouseSelect1, \n static_cast<const QMouseEvent *>( event ) ) )\n {\n if ( state() == 0 )\n {\n cmdList += Begin;\n cmdList += Append;\n setState( 1 );\n }\n }\n break;\n }\n case QEvent::MouseMove:\n case QEvent::Wheel:\n {\n if ( state() !",
"= 0 )\n cmdList += Move;\n break;\n }\n case QEvent::MouseButtonRelease:\n {\n if ( state() !",
"= 0 )\n {\n cmdList += End;\n setState( 0 );\n }\n break;\n }\n case QEvent::KeyPress:\n {\n if ( eventPattern.keyMatch( QwtEventPattern::KeySelect1, \n static_cast<const QKeyEvent *>( event ) ) )\n {\n if ( state() == 0 )\n {\n cmdList += Begin;\n cmdList += Append;\n setState( 1 );\n }\n else\n {\n cmdList += End;\n setState( 0 );\n }\n }\n break;\n }\n default:\n break;\n }\n\n return cmdList;\n}\n\n//! ",
"Constructor\nQwtPickerClickRectMachine::QwtPickerClickRectMachine():\n QwtPickerMachine( RectSelection )\n{\n}\n\n//! ",
"Transition\nQList<QwtPickerMachine::Command> QwtPickerClickRectMachine::transition(\n const QwtEventPattern &eventPattern, const QEvent *event )\n{\n QList<QwtPickerMachine::Command> cmdList;\n\n switch ( event->type() )\n {\n case QEvent::MouseButtonPress:\n {\n if ( eventPattern.mouseMatch( QwtEventPattern::MouseSelect1, \n static_cast<const QMouseEvent *>( event ) ) )\n {\n switch ( state() )\n {\n case 0:\n {\n cmdList += Begin;\n cmdList += Append;\n setState( 1 );\n break;\n }\n case 1:\n {\n // Uh, strange we missed the MouseButtonRelease\n break;\n }\n default:\n {\n cmdList += End;\n setState( 0 );\n }\n }\n }\n }\n case QEvent::MouseMove:\n case QEvent::Wheel:\n {\n if ( state() !",
"= 0 )\n cmdList += Move;\n break;\n }\n case QEvent::MouseButtonRelease:\n {\n if ( eventPattern.mouseMatch( QwtEventPattern::MouseSelect1, \n static_cast<const QMouseEvent *>( event ) ) )\n {\n if ( state() == 1 )\n {\n cmdList += Append;\n setState( 2 );\n }\n }\n break;\n }\n case QEvent::KeyPress:\n {\n if ( eventPattern.keyMatch( QwtEventPattern::KeySelect1, \n static_cast<const QKeyEvent *> ( event ) ) )\n {\n if ( state() == 0 )\n {\n cmdList += Begin;\n cmdList += Append;\n setState( 1 );\n }\n else\n {\n if ( state() == 1 )\n {\n cmdList += Append;\n setState( 2 );\n }\n else if ( state() == 2 )\n {\n cmdList += End;\n setState( 0 );\n }\n }\n }\n break;\n }\n default:\n break;\n }\n\n return cmdList;\n}\n\n//! ",
"Constructor\nQwtPickerDragRectMachine::QwtPickerDragRectMachine():\n QwtPickerMachine( RectSelection )\n{\n}\n\n//! ",
"Transition\nQList<QwtPickerMachine::Command> QwtPickerDragRectMachine::transition(\n const QwtEventPattern &eventPattern, const QEvent *event )\n{\n QList<QwtPickerMachine::Command> cmdList;\n\n switch ( event->type() )\n {\n case QEvent::MouseButtonPress:\n {\n if ( eventPattern.mouseMatch( QwtEventPattern::MouseSelect1, \n static_cast<const QMouseEvent *>( event ) ) )\n {\n if ( state() == 0 )\n {\n cmdList += Begin;\n cmdList += Append;\n cmdList += Append;\n setState( 2 );\n }\n }\n break;\n }\n case QEvent::MouseMove:\n case QEvent::Wheel:\n {\n if ( state() !",
"= 0 )\n cmdList += Move;\n break;\n }\n case QEvent::MouseButtonRelease:\n {\n if ( state() == 2 )\n {\n cmdList += End;\n setState( 0 );\n }\n break;\n }\n case QEvent::KeyPress:\n {\n if ( eventPattern.keyMatch( QwtEventPattern::KeySelect1, \n static_cast<const QKeyEvent *> ( event ) ) )\n {\n if ( state() == 0 )\n {\n cmdList += Begin;\n cmdList += Append;\n cmdList += Append;\n setState( 2 );\n }\n else\n {\n cmdList += End;\n setState( 0 );\n }\n }\n break;\n }\n default:\n break;\n }\n\n return cmdList;\n}\n\n//! ",
"Constructor\nQwtPickerPolygonMachine::QwtPickerPolygonMachine():\n QwtPickerMachine( PolygonSelection )\n{\n}\n\n//! ",
"Transition\nQList<QwtPickerMachine::Command> QwtPickerPolygonMachine::transition(\n const QwtEventPattern &eventPattern, const QEvent *event )\n{\n QList<QwtPickerMachine::Command> cmdList;\n\n switch ( event->type() )\n {\n case QEvent::MouseButtonPress:\n {\n if ( eventPattern.mouseMatch( QwtEventPattern::MouseSelect1, \n static_cast<const QMouseEvent *>( event ) ) )\n {\n if ( state() == 0 )\n {\n cmdList += Begin;\n cmdList += Append;\n cmdList += Append;\n setState( 1 );\n }\n else\n {\n cmdList += Append;\n }\n }\n if ( eventPattern.mouseMatch( QwtEventPattern::MouseSelect2, \n static_cast<const QMouseEvent *>( event ) ) )\n {\n if ( state() == 1 )\n {\n cmdList += End;\n setState( 0 );\n }\n }\n break;\n }\n case QEvent::MouseMove:\n case QEvent::Wheel:\n {\n if ( state() !",
"= 0 )\n cmdList += Move;\n break;\n }\n case QEvent::KeyPress:\n {\n if ( eventPattern.keyMatch( QwtEventPattern::KeySelect1, \n static_cast<const QKeyEvent *> ( event ) ) )\n {\n if ( state() == 0 )\n {\n cmdList += Begin;\n cmdList += Append;\n cmdList += Append;\n setState( 1 );\n }\n else\n {\n cmdList += Append;\n }\n }\n else if ( eventPattern.keyMatch( QwtEventPattern::KeySelect2, \n static_cast<const QKeyEvent *> ( event ) ) )\n {\n if ( state() == 1 )\n {\n cmdList += End;\n setState( 0 );\n }\n }\n break;\n }\n default:\n break;\n }\n\n return cmdList;\n}\n\n//! ",
"Constructor\nQwtPickerDragLineMachine::QwtPickerDragLineMachine():\n QwtPickerMachine( PolygonSelection )\n{\n}\n\n//! ",
"Transition\nQList<QwtPickerMachine::Command> QwtPickerDragLineMachine::transition(\n const QwtEventPattern &eventPattern, const QEvent *event )\n{\n QList<QwtPickerMachine::Command> cmdList;\n\n switch( event->type() )\n {\n case QEvent::MouseButtonPress:\n {\n if ( eventPattern.mouseMatch( QwtEventPattern::MouseSelect1,\n static_cast<const QMouseEvent *>( event ) ) )\n {\n if ( state() == 0 )\n {\n cmdList += Begin;\n cmdList += Append;\n cmdList += Append;\n setState( 1 );\n }\n }\n break;\n }\n case QEvent::KeyPress:\n {\n if ( eventPattern.keyMatch( QwtEventPattern::KeySelect1,\n static_cast<const QKeyEvent *> ( event ) ) )\n {\n if ( state() == 0 )\n {\n cmdList += Begin;\n cmdList += Append;\n cmdList += Append;\n setState( 1 );\n }\n else\n {\n cmdList += End;\n setState( 0 );\n }\n }\n break;\n }\n case QEvent::MouseMove:\n case QEvent::Wheel:\n {\n if ( state() !",
"= 0 )\n cmdList += Move;\n\n break;\n }\n case QEvent::MouseButtonRelease:\n {\n if ( state() !",
"= 0 )\n {\n cmdList += End;\n setState( 0 );\n }\n }\n default:\n break;\n }\n\n return cmdList;\n}\n"
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] | 0.01443 | 29 |
[
"Systems for controlling the flow of fuel vapor from a vehicle fuel tank to a recovery apparatus such as a carbon canister are generally known. ",
"A common approach is to place a control valve in series between the fuel tank and the vapor trap to selectively open and close the vapor venting pathway in response to changes in vehicle refueling activity.",
"\nSome known vapor control valves open or close in response to pressure conditions at the filler pipe inlet, for example when a filler pipe cap is removed or replaced to indicate the start or finish of refueling operations.",
"\nOther pressure-operated control valves respond to vapor pressure in the fuel tank itself to open, close, or adjust the rate at which fuel vapor is vented.",
"\nAnother known type of valve responds to the level of liquid fuel in the tank, staying open to vent vapor as long as the fuel level is below a predetermined level. ",
"These are sometimes referred to as \"fill control\" or \"shutoff\" valves, since their closing creates a sudden pressure increase in the tank which prevents further refueling.",
"\nPrior vapor recovery systems often use pressure-operated control valves, sometimes supplemented with rollover and/or fill control valves to supplement the pressure operated vapor control. ",
"Disadvantages of such pressure-operated systems include their relative complexity and cost; their sensitivity to changing pressure conditions in the fuel system; and, the need for vapor seal and/or signal structure in the filler pipe, for example filler nozzle trap doors and signal pressure lines to prevent the loss of fuel vapor to the atmosphere during refueling and/or to provide signal or actuation pressure to the control valve.",
"\nOne known technique for eliminating filler nozzle trap door or other seal structure in the filler pipe is to create a \"dynamic\" seal in the pipe using only the flow effects of a high velocity stream of fuel from the filler nozzle. ",
"By properly shaping the filler pipe in the region where the filler nozzle is located during refueling, and pumping the fuel at high velocity, a vacuum or draw-type seal can be created and maintained around the filler nozzle during refueling. ",
"This eliminates the need for seal door and similar structure. ",
"However, many pressure-operated control valves cannot function without such structure in the filler pipe. ",
"The dynamic sealing generates higher refueling pressure in the tank, tending to cause undesirable fuel expulsion or \"spitback\" from the filler pipe inlet at the end of the refueling operation. ",
"The prior art has not adequately addressed the need for an onboard vapor recovery system suitable for high pressure refueling with a dynamic filler pipe seal."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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[
"Browse Category: Eligibility For Law Studies\n\nIt is quite common for those who begin to explore careers in law to ask yourself certain questions like:\n\nHow do you actually become a lawyer?",
"\n\nWhat type of person becomes a lawyer and does this fit you?",
"\n\nWhat is a lawyer’s job description?",
"\n\nWhat different types of law can you pursue?",
"\n\nSometimes asking yourself these questions leads back to one main question: Do you have the ambition and what it takes to succeed in a law career?",
"\n\nOne thing to take into consideration it so to remember that careers in law are not like they are depicted in movies and TV shows. ",
"Many people pursue a career in law because they find it fascinating on the big screen. ",
"Although this might be fine, just remember that these shows are not at all what the real world is like and that their main goal is to entertain with drama and highly unusual circumstances. ",
"Continue Reading"
] | {
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[
"Na(+) -Activated K(+) Channels in Rat Supraoptic Neurones.",
"\nThe magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) of the hypothalamus secrete the neurohormones vasopressin and oxytocin. ",
"The systemic release of these hormones depends on the rate and pattern of MNC firing and it is therefore important to identify the ion channels that contribute to the electrical behaviour of MNCs. ",
"In the present study, we report evidence for the presence of Na(+) -activated K(+) (KN a ) channels in rat MNCs. ",
"KN a channels mediate outwardly rectifying K(+) currents activated by the increases in intracellular Na(+) that occur during electrical activity. ",
"Although the molecular identity of native KN a channels is unclear, their biophysical properties are consistent with those of expressed Slick (slo 2.1) and Slack (slo 2.2) proteins. ",
"Using immunocytochemistry and Western blot experiments, we found that both Slick and Slack proteins are expressed in rat MNCs. ",
"Using whole cell voltage clamp techniques on acutely isolated rat MNCs, we found that inhibiting Na(+) influx by the addition of the Na(+) channel blocker tetrodotoxin or the replacement of Na(+) in the external solution with Li(+) caused a significant decrease in sustained outward currents. ",
"Furthermore, the evoked outward current density was significantly higher in rat MNCs using patch pipettes containing 60 mm Na(+) than it was when patch pipettes containing 0 mm Na(+) were used. ",
"Our data show that functional KN a channels are expressed in rat MNCs. ",
"These channels could contribute to the activity-dependent afterhyperpolarisations that have been identified in the MNCs and thereby play a role in the regulation of their electrical behaviour."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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[
"Tomographic features of serous retinal detachment with multilobular dye pooling in acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.",
"\nTo clarify the morphologic background of serous retinal detachment with multilobular dye pooling on fluorescein angiography (FA) in acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. ",
"Retrospective uncontrolled case series. ",
"setting: Institutional study. ",
"study population: Ten eyes of five patients aged 16 to 52 years (average age, 31 years) with VKH disease who presented with a serous retinal detachment. ",
"observation procedures: Clinical examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT). ",
"main outcome measures: Findings on OCT and FA. ",
"All eyes had multilobular dye pooling with a dark rim on late-phase FA. ",
"OCT revealed subretinal septa that divided the subretinal space into several compartments. ",
"The subretinal septum lay on the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the foveal area, forming the posterior wall of the subfoveal compartment while it detached from the RPE in the perifoveal area, which served as a lateral wall between the subfoveal and perifoveal compartments. ",
"The dark rims of each area of subretinal dye pooling corresponded to the subretinal septa. ",
"Soon after steroid pulse therapy, the subretinal septa resolved completely in all eyes. ",
"Subretinal septa caused multilobular dye pooling in serous retinal detachment associated with acute VKH disease. ",
"We assume that the subretinal septa are comprised of inflammatory products such as fibrin, which immediately resolve after steroid pulse therapy."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} | [
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[
"The start of something new — FlakPhoto Digest.",
"\n\nWe’re developing a new project, a weekly newsletter focused on photography + visual culture recommendations carefully curated from across the Web. ",
"You know, the good stuff that deserves a closer look. ",
"FlakPhoto Digest is currently in closed beta and will be available to the public later this year. ",
"You can request an invite by subscribing below.",
"\n\nJoshua Dudley Greer (b. 1980 Hazleton, PA) received his BFA from the Maryland Institute College of Art in 2002 and his MFA, with distinction, from the University of Georgia in 2009. ",
"His photographs have appeared in publications such as The Collector's Guide to New Art Photography Volume 2, Flash Forward 2010, Le Monde, and Oxford American, where he was named one of the New Superstars of Southern Art in 2012. ",
"He has been awarded grants from the Maryland State Arts Council and Tennessee Arts Commission and has been featured online at sites such as NPR, Conscientious, Petapixel, Los Angeles Times, and Fototazo. ",
"His photographs have been shown in recent exhibitions at the Knoxville Museum of Art, West Virginia University, Catherine Edelman Gallery and the Ogden Museum of Southern Art. ",
"He is currently living in Johnson City, Tennessee where he is a visiting assistant professor of photography at East Tennessee State University.",
"\n\nSPONSOR FLAK PHOTO\n\nAre you promoting a photography project? ",
"Share it with Flak Photo's global audience by placing a graphic advertisement in this space. ",
"For details about banner ads, media partnerships or other inquiries, contact editor Andy Adams »"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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] | 0.00069 | 13 |
[
"Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross says he doesn't understand why furloughed federal employees are going to food banks — a remark that landed the millionaire in hot political water on Thursday morning and resulted in him going on an apology tour.",
"\n\nAbout 800,000 federal workers on Friday will experience their second pay period without a check as the partial government shutdown goes into Day 34.",
"\n\nWhen pressed about the hardships these workers were facing Ross, 81, said 'I don't really quite understand why' they had to go to food banks.",
"\n\n'I know they are, and I don't really quite understand why,' he told CNBC's 'Squawk Box' on Thursday morning. '",
"Because, as I mentioned before, the obligations that they would undertake, say borrowing from a bank or a credit union are in effect federally guaranteed.'",
"\n\n'So the 30 days of pay that some people will be out, there's no real reason why they shouldn't be able to get a loan against it, and we've seen a number of ads of financial institutions doing that,' he noted.",
"\n\nCommerce Secretary Wilbur Ross said he doesn't understand why furloughed federal workers can't get loans and why they are visiting food banks\n\nFurloughed federal workers protested on Capitol Hill Wednesday\n\nHundreds of furloughed federal workers line up outside the World Central Kitchen on Tuesday in Washington, DC to receive a meal\n\nHis remarks earned outrage at a time when the Trump administration was already battling a perception that it doesn't care about furloughed federal workers.",
"\n\nLater on Thursday, Ross went on Bloomberg TV to apologize for his earlier remarks.",
"\n\n'We're painfully aware that there are hardships inflicted on the individual workers,' he said. '",
"There are people experiencing hardship,' he noted.",
"\n\nTrump's top economic adviser, a millionaire, has repeatedly talked about his understanding of the 'hardships' furloughed workers are facing, including young White House staffers.",
"\n\nThe president claimed that a 'lot of the people that aren't getting their checks are letting us know we don't care, you've got to solve the crisis at the border' earlier in January.",
"\n\nLara Trump, a daughter-in-law to the president and a spokesperson for his reelection campaign, said Wednesday in an interview with BOLD TV, 'It is a little bit of pain but it’s going to be for the future of our country and their children and their grandchildren and generations after them will thank them for their sacrifice.'",
"\n\nShe and her husband Eric's net worth is not known, but her father-in-law is a billionaire.",
"\n\nSpeaker Nancy Pelosi criticized Ross on Thursday morning for having a 'let them eat cake' attitude at her weekly news conference.",
"\n\n'They have Wilbur Ross saying he just doesn't understand why when he was asked about people going into food lines and pantries and the rest, he said he doesn't understand why they have to do that. ",
"I don't know if this the let them eat cake kind of attitude or call your father money or this is character building for you, it's all going to end up very well,' she said at the Capitol on Thursday morning.",
"\n\nPresident Trump responded to Pelosi in real time on Twitter, making it clear that he was watching her on television during the period of time in which he had nothing on his public schedule.",
"\n\n'Nancy just said she “just doesn’t understand why?” ",
"Very simply, without a Wall it all doesn’t work. ",
"Our Country has a chance to greatly reduce Crime, Human Trafficking, Gangs and Drugs. ",
"Should have been done for decades. ",
"We will not Cave!' ",
"he said.",
"\n\nSenate Democratic leader Chuck Schumer also said that Ross' comment was 'unreal' in a tweet that qualified the Trump administration official as a 'billionaire.'",
"\n\nRoss was once thought to be a billionaire, but Forbes reported in 2017 that he is not. ",
"Forbes said that he 'lied' about his net worth. ",
"He has $700 million in assets, it estimated. ",
"He acknowledged the error in a government filing last year.",
"\n\nAt the White House, the president's chief economic adviser, Larry Kudlow, tried not to make the same mistake as his colleague. ",
"He said that he is fully aware of the 'hardships' that furloughed workers are facing\n\nAt the White House, the president's National Economic Council director, Larry Kudlow, tried not to make the same mistake as his colleague. ",
"He said that he is fully aware of the 'hardships' that furloughed workers are facing. ",
"Kudlow noted that he has young staffers who are working without pay.",
"\n\n'Nobody, including myself, likes the hardship caused, the temporary hardship caused ,by the government shutdown. ",
"Nobody, I have said this, I have young people on my staff, devoted young people,' he said. '",
"You know when you're 28-years-old, you don't save a lot. ",
"I get that. ",
"And I think a lot of people will have to get through this.'",
"\n\nResponding to a question from DailyMail.com about Ross, and charges that his comments on food bank and loans were 'out of touch,' Kudlow said he could speak only for himself.",
"\n\n'I fret about the hardship,' he said. '",
"Am I out of touch? ",
"I don’t think I’m out of touch, I’m addressing the problem. ",
"I’ve met with my individual staff members, and god bless ‘em, they’re working for free, they’re volunteering. ",
"But they do it, because they believe government service is honorable, and they believe in President Trump, and they're working as hard as ever. ",
"I just hope we get this thing done, you know, ASAP.'",
"\n\nAnother reporter noted that other federal workers are not 'volunteering,' in some cases, as they are being compelled to come to work during the shutdown.",
"\n\nKudlow said he was incredibly sympathetic to their plight. '",
"I’ve become a great fan of the millennials,' he said as he walked out of the impromptu briefing he was giving in the press room of the White House in front of the podium.",
"\n\nRoss had suggested on CNBC that workers should get loans from banks to cover them until the shutdown ends -— even if that means paying interest.",
"\n\n'Banks and credit unions should be making credit available to them. ",
"There is really not a good excuse why there should be a liquidity crisis. ",
"True, people will have to pay a little interest,' he told 'Squawk Box' on Thursday morning. '",
"There is no reason why some institutions would not be able to lend.'",
"\n\nHe told Bloomberg TV he was trying to give workers resources to use with his suggestion.",
"\n\n'Part of my purpose in what I said this morning is to try to make sure the workers who are experiencing liquidity crises know that may be a source they could go to,' Ross said.",
"\n\nHundreds of banks and credit unions have offered low or no-interest loans to workers.",
"\n\nBut thousands of furloughed staff are struggling to make ends meet until they receive their backpay when the government reopens.",
"\n\nRoss is a multi-millionaire businessman whose tenure in President Trump's Cabinet has been marked by reports that he's both on the way out and in favor.",
"\n\nPresident Trump himself has been asked repeatedly if he sympathizes with federal workers as he faces questions whether his administration has shown enough concern for furloughed staff.",
"\n\n'To all of the great people who are working so hard for your Country and not getting paid I say, THANK YOU - YOU ARE GREAT PATRIOTS! ",
"We must now work together, after decades of abuse, to finally fix the Humanitarian, Criminal & Drug Crisis at our Border. ",
"WE WILL WIN BIG!,' ",
"Trump wrote on twitter earlier this month.",
"\n\nMeanwhile, some federal workers are on the job without being paid while others are furloughed as they wait for the shutdown to end.",
"\n\n. ",
"@CommerceGov Secretary Wilbur Ross on federal workers going to homeless shelters for food during #shutdown: “Well I know they are and I don't really quite understand why” suggesting gov't employees take out loans through banks or credit unions pic.twitter.com/QFs4UySNcH — Squawk Box (@SquawkCNBC) January 24, 2019\n\nA protestor on Capitol Hill on Wednesday\n\nPhilabundance volunteers distribute food to furloughed federal workers and their families who are affected by the partial government shutdown in Philadelphia on Wednesday\n\nSpeaker Nancy Pelosi joined chef Jose Andres to distribute meals to furloughed workers on Tuesday\n\nReporters have expounded on TSA workers calling in sick as they take side jobs to fill their bank accounts while their pay checks are blank.",
"\n\nOther furloughed workers, including members of the Coast Guard, have turned to food banks and food pantries to feed their families, several organizations across the country, told CNN.",
"\n\nMore than 2,400 people showed up at five pop-up markets in Washington D.C. for out-of-work federal employees this past weekend.",
"\n\nThe attendance was more than double expected at the event organized by Capital Area Food Bank.",
"\n\nMost of the food was done early, the group's president and CEO Radha Muthiah told CNN.",
"\n\nHundreds of furloughed workers protested on Capitol Hill Wednesday as there is no sign of the shutdown coming to an end anytime soon.",
"\n\n'Will work for pay,' one of the signs read."
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[
"Jigsaw Puzzles for Kids LITE's review\n\nComplete the puzzles and try out the harder level\n\n\"Arranging Drawings\"\n\nJigsaw Puzzles for kids is an educational puzzle game for children that improves their memory, logical thinking and visual perception. ",
"They need to match pieces in order to form a complete picture.",
"\n\nFirst of all, you need to choose between the two levels: easy or difficult, which depends on the number of pieces available for playing. ",
"After that, you can select your preferred image and start rearranging the pictures, which can also be rotated in order to fit properly. ",
"The play area includes a grid with an outline of the cut-out shapes, so kids have it easier when playing.",
"\n\nJourist Verlags GmbH is the developer of JigSaw Puzzles for Kids LITE version, with six puzzles available and the full version with 30. ",
"Try out the first one to see if your kids are satisfied and purchase the premium version afterwards.",
"\n\nis an educational game for children with bright, colorful illustrations and cheerful music. ",
"It's sure to delight and provide hours of educational entertainment for young chrildren.",
"\n\nFREE VERSION\nThe free version offers you an opportunity to try the game and fall in love with it. ",
"You will have access to six puzzles, and be able to view a further 42 pictures (from the full version) in preview mode. ",
"This will enable you to see for yourself the potential of the full version, which you can purchase for just $1.99.",
"\n\nBy putting together the different pieces of a picture in this game for mobile devices, children will learn to match up individual elements to form a complete image, and to select pieces by color and shape. ",
"The game will help children to develop their memory, logical thinking, perseverance and visual perception.",
"\n\nThe game recreates the process of solving normal jigsaw puzzles, with which everyone – adults and children alike – is familiar. ",
"All images adapt perfectly to the size of the screen being used.",
"\n\nThe play area includes a grid showing an outline of the cut-out shapes to help children select the correct piece. ",
"As children improve their skills, they can move on to a more difficult puzzle. ",
"The game will become a favorite, as well as a beneficial activity for your children!",
"\n\nThe app is optimized for use with both smartphones and tablets.",
"\n\nUsers review\n\nfrom 479 reviews\n\n\"Great\"\n\n7.4\n\nRelated Apps\n\nKids learning games is all we do! ",
"Slide and snap the colorful puzzle pieces into place to reveal the delightful image from your gallery.",
"\nWhat?",
"\nLike all Intellijoy games, the game focuses on a specific educational lesson, so children and their parents find the game really inviting and distraction-free. ",
"Kids Picture Puzzle helps children build and…\n\nKids like playing and fun. ",
"Why don't we select some full of fun and entertaining learning method? ",
"Here is something you need.",
"\nIt helps kids enjoy their time and learn Numbers, spellings and Names of things. ",
"And jigsaw type shapes puzzle helps improve mental level and IQ.",
"\nKids Shape Puzzle is an educational and entertaining game for kids with f…\n\nKids ABC Jigsaw Puzzle Game HD\nA new and innovative way of learning ABC by solving jigsaw puzzles from words from ABC alphabets.",
"\nThe Phonics and pictures helps your kids to understand the basics of ABC. ",
"while the jigsaw puzzles makes learning fun for your kids.",
"\nThis free application has all the letters from A to Z along with high quality animati…\n\nComplete the puzzles and try out the harder level. ",
"Jigsaw Puzzles for kids is an educational puzzle game for children that improves their memory, logical thinking and visual perception. ",
"They need to match pieces in order to form a complete picture.",
"\nFirst of all, you need to choose between the two levels: easy or difficult, which depends on the numb….",
"\n\nYou need an educational game? ",
"This new collection of jigsaw puzzles will entertain your children and introduce them to the world of numbers. ",
"Perfect for toddlers, preschoolers, and kindergarteners! ",
"Download Educational Puzzles – Numbers and get a little bit jigty!",
"\nChoose from five different pictures of numbers to solve;\nJust drag and drop the p…\n\nFun with ABC jigsaw\n---------------------------\nLearn ABC with fun. ",
"Rich graphics and intuitive UI will not only help your child to understand and learn alphabets but will also help to enhance their cognitive skills.",
"\nAfter completion of each puzzle the child is awarded with stars depending on how fast the puzzle is completed. ",
"With 2 modes of game p…\n\nComplete jigsaw puzzles while learning about wild animals, farm animals and identifying the sounds they make.",
"\n*** Now includes the maze escape game and the find the pairs memory training game ***\nThis educational and fun App helps young children learn animals and the sounds that each one makes while developing their hand eye coordination and puzz…"
] | {
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[
"declare variable $x := <a/>;\ndeclare variable $y := 42;\ndeclare function local:f () {\n $x\n};\n\ncount ((local:f() union $x union $x union local:f(), $y))\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} | [
0.0010376080172136426
] | 0.001038 | 1 |
[
"/**\n * Copyright (C) 2018-present MongoDB, Inc.\n *\n * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify\n * it under the terms of the Server Side Public License, version 1,\n * as published by MongoDB, Inc.\n *\n * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ",
" See the\n * Server Side Public License for more details.",
"\n *\n * You should have received a copy of the Server Side Public License\n * along with this program. ",
"If not, see\n * <http://www.mongodb.com/licensing/server-side-public-license>.",
"\n *\n * As a special exception, the copyright holders give permission to link the\n * code of portions of this program with the OpenSSL library under certain\n * conditions as described in each individual source file and distribute\n * linked combinations including the program with the OpenSSL library. ",
"You\n * must comply with the Server Side Public License in all respects for\n * all of the code used other than as permitted herein. ",
"If you modify file(s)\n * with this exception, you may extend this exception to your version of the\n * file(s), but you are not obligated to do so. ",
"If you do not wish to do so,\n * delete this exception statement from your version. ",
"If you delete this\n * exception statement from all source files in the program, then also delete\n * it in the license file.",
"\n */\n\n#define MONGO_LOGV2_DEFAULT_COMPONENT ::mongo::logv2::LogComponent::kStorage\n\n#include \"mongo/platform/basic.h\"\n\n#include \"mongo/db/storage/storage_engine_lock_file.h\"\n\n#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>\n#include <fcntl.h>\n#include <ostream>\n#include <sstream>\n#include <sys/file.h>\n#include <sys/stat.h>\n#include <sys/types.h>\n#include <unistd.h>\n\n#include \"mongo/logv2/log.h\"\n#include \"mongo/util/str.h\"\n\nnamespace mongo {\n\nnamespace {\n\nvoid flushMyDirectory(const boost::filesystem::path& file) {\n#ifdef __linux__ // this isn't needed elsewhere\n static bool _warnedAboutFilesystem = false;\n // if called without a fully qualified path it asserts; that makes mongoperf fail.",
"\n // so make a warning. ",
"need a better solution longer term.",
"\n // massert(40389, str::stream() << \"Couldn't find parent dir for file: \" << file.string(),);\n if (!",
"file.has_branch_path()) {\n LOGV2(22274,\n \"warning flushMyDirectory couldn't find parent dir for file: {file}\",\n \"flushMyDirectory couldn't find parent dir for file\",\n \"file\"_attr = file.generic_string());\n return;\n }\n\n\n boost::filesystem::path dir = file.branch_path(); // parent_path in new boosts\n\n LOGV2_DEBUG(22275, 1, \"flushing directory {dir_string}\", \"dir_string\"_attr = dir.string());\n\n int fd = ::open(dir.string().c_str(), O_RDONLY); // DO NOT THROW OR ASSERT BEFORE CLOSING\n massert(40387,\n str::stream() << \"Couldn't open directory '\" << dir.string()\n << \"' for flushing: \" << errnoWithDescription(),\n fd >= 0);\n if (fsync(fd) !",
"= 0) {\n int e = errno;\n if (e == EINVAL) { // indicates filesystem does not support synchronization\n if (!_",
"warnedAboutFilesystem) {\n LOGV2_OPTIONS(\n 22276,\n {logv2::LogTag::kStartupWarnings},\n \"This file system is not supported. ",
"For further information see: \"\n \"http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/unsupported-filesystems Please notify MongoDB, \"\n \"Inc. if an unlisted filesystem generated this warning\");\n _warnedAboutFilesystem = true;\n }\n } else {\n close(fd);\n massert(40388,\n str::stream() << \"Couldn't fsync directory '\" << dir.string()\n << \"': \" << errnoWithDescription(e),\n false);\n }\n }\n close(fd);\n#endif\n}\n} // namespace\n\nclass StorageEngineLockFile::LockFileHandle {\npublic:\n static const int kInvalidFd = -1;\n LockFileHandle() : _fd(kInvalidFd) {}\n bool isValid() const {\n return _fd !",
"= kInvalidFd;\n }\n void clear() {\n _fd = kInvalidFd;\n }\n int _fd;\n};\n\nStorageEngineLockFile::StorageEngineLockFile(const std::string& dbpath, StringData fileName)\n : _dbpath(dbpath),\n _filespec((boost::filesystem::path(_dbpath) / fileName.toString()).string()),\n _uncleanShutdown(boost::filesystem::exists(_filespec) &&\n boost::filesystem::file_size(_filespec) > 0),\n _lockFileHandle(new LockFileHandle()) {}\n\nStorageEngineLockFile::~StorageEngineLockFile() {\n close();\n}\n\nstd::string StorageEngineLockFile::getFilespec() const {\n return _filespec;\n}\n\nbool StorageEngineLockFile::createdByUncleanShutdown() const {\n return _uncleanShutdown;\n}\n\nStatus StorageEngineLockFile::open() {\n try {\n if (!",
"boost::filesystem::exists(_dbpath)) {\n return Status(ErrorCodes::NonExistentPath, _getNonExistentPathMessage());\n }\n } catch (const std::exception& ex) {\n return Status(ErrorCodes::UnknownError,\n str::stream() << \"Unable to check existence of data directory \" << _dbpath\n << \": \" << ex.what());\n }\n\n // Use file permissions 644\n int lockFile =\n ::open(_filespec.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH);\n if (lockFile < 0) {\n int errorcode = errno;\n if (errorcode == EACCES) {\n return Status(ErrorCodes::IllegalOperation,\n str::stream()\n << \"Attempted to create a lock file on a read-only directory: \"\n << _dbpath);\n }\n return Status(ErrorCodes::DBPathInUse,\n str::stream() << \"Unable to create/open the lock file: \" << _filespec << \" (\"\n << errnoWithDescription(errorcode) << \").\"",
"\n << \" Ensure the user executing mongod is the owner of the lock \"\n \"file and has the appropriate permissions. ",
"Also make sure \"\n \"that another mongod instance is not already running on the \"\n << _dbpath << \" directory\");\n }\n int ret = ::flock(lockFile, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB);\n if (ret !",
"= 0) {\n int errorcode = errno;\n ::close(lockFile);\n return Status(ErrorCodes::DBPathInUse,\n str::stream() << \"Unable to lock the lock file: \" << _filespec << \" (\"\n << errnoWithDescription(errorcode) << \").\"",
"\n << \" Another mongod instance is already running on the \"\n << _dbpath << \" directory\");\n }\n _lockFileHandle->_fd = lockFile;\n return Status::OK();\n}\n\nvoid StorageEngineLockFile::close() {\n if (!_",
"lockFileHandle->isValid()) {\n return;\n }\n ::flock(_lockFileHandle->_fd, LOCK_UN);\n ::close(_lockFileHandle->_fd);\n _lockFileHandle->clear();\n}\n\nStatus StorageEngineLockFile::writeString(StringData str) {\n if (!_",
"lockFileHandle->isValid()) {\n return Status(ErrorCodes::FileNotOpen,\n str::stream() << \"Unable to write string to \" << _filespec\n << \" because file has not been opened.\");",
"\n }\n\n if (::ftruncate(_lockFileHandle->_fd, 0)) {\n int errorcode = errno;\n return Status(ErrorCodes::FileStreamFailed,\n str::stream() << \"Unable to write string to file (ftruncate failed): \"\n << _filespec << ' ' << errnoWithDescription(errorcode));\n }\n\n int bytesWritten = ::write(_lockFileHandle->_fd, str.rawData(), str.size());\n if (bytesWritten < 0) {\n int errorcode = errno;\n return Status(ErrorCodes::FileStreamFailed,\n str::stream() << \"Unable to write string \" << str << \" to file: \" << _filespec\n << ' ' << errnoWithDescription(errorcode));\n\n } else if (bytesWritten == 0) {\n return Status(ErrorCodes::FileStreamFailed,\n str::stream() << \"Unable to write string \" << str << \" to file: \" << _filespec\n << \" no data written.\");",
"\n }\n\n if (::fsync(_lockFileHandle->_fd)) {\n int errorcode = errno;\n return Status(ErrorCodes::FileStreamFailed,\n str::stream() << \"Unable to write process id \" << str\n << \" to file (fsync failed): \" << _filespec << ' '\n << errnoWithDescription(errorcode));\n }\n\n flushMyDirectory(_filespec);\n\n return Status::OK();\n}\n\nvoid StorageEngineLockFile::clearPidAndUnlock() {\n if (!_",
"lockFileHandle->isValid()) {\n return;\n }\n LOGV2(22279, \"shutdown: removing fs lock...\");\n // This ought to be an unlink(), but Eliot says the last\n // time that was attempted, there was a race condition\n // with StorageEngineLockFile::open().",
"\n if (::ftruncate(_lockFileHandle->_fd, 0)) {\n int errorcode = errno;\n LOGV2(22280,\n \"couldn't remove fs lock {errnoWithDescription_errorcode}\",\n \"Couldn't remove fs lock\",\n \"error\"_attr = errnoWithDescription(errorcode));\n }\n close();\n}\n\n} // namespace mongo\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
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] | 0.004392 | 29 |
[
"Reviews\n\nMost Helpful\n\nThese were super easy to make and disappeared fast. ",
"I used apricot-pineapple preserves, 2 garlic cloves smashed and minced and a 1\" piece of fresh ginger. ",
"Prefer fresh to powdered. ",
"I think next time I will increase the garlic and ginger to give it a bit more spark. ",
"But, all in all, it was delicous. ",
"Would be great as a main dish using chicken legs and/or thighs.",
"\n\nI've made these wings for the past two football seasons. ",
"And they are now my signature and is requested all the time. ",
"There are some people who suggest the apricot perserves instead of the pineapple. ",
"I actually couldn't find the pineapple reserve so I just used a can of pineapple, the ones that are in their own juice. ",
"I don't drain the juice but instead add it to the marinate or I'll use frozen concentrate pineapple juice. ",
"I haven't tried to the apricot suggestion but I think I'm going to make two batches, one with pineapple and one with apricot. ",
"Thank you for posting this!",
"\nI had to edit this review. ",
"The last time I made these wings, before I poured the entire marinate over the wings, I took a cup of the completed marinate and stored it and a few days later, I used it for on chicken stir fry. ",
"That is something that I'll certain do again! ",
"Thank you again for posting this recipe."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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0.0005528020556084812,
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0.0014448815491050482,
0.0005319085321389139
] | 0.001131 | 17 |
[
"Q:\n\nConfigurationManager.",
"GetSection Gives Error \"Could not load type....from assembly...\"\n\nMy app.config file is as follows:\n<?",
"xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\" ?",
">\n<configuration>\n <configSections>\n <section name=\"ProcessConfiguration\" type=\"Configuration.",
"ProcessConfigurationSection, Configuration\" />\n </configSections>\n <ProcessConfiguration>\n <processes>\n <process name=\"Process1\" />\n </processes>\n </ProcessConfiguration>\n</configuration>\n\nI have the following (separate) classes to get the configuration:\nnamespace Configuration\n{\n using System.",
"Configuration;\n\n public class ProcessesConfigurationSection : ConfigurationSection\n {\n [ConfigurationProperty(\"processes\", IsDefaultCollection = false)]\n [ConfigurationCollection(typeof(ProcessCollection))]\n public ProcessCollection Processes\n {\n get\n {\n return (ProcessCollection)base[\"processes\"];\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nnamespace Configuration\n{\n using System.",
"Configuration;\n\n public class ProcessCollection : ConfigurationElementCollection\n {\n public ProcessConfig this[int index]\n {\n get\n {\n return (ProcessConfig)BaseGet(index);\n }\n\n set\n {\n BaseAdd(index, value);\n }\n }\n\n protected override object GetElementKey(ConfigurationElement element)\n {\n return ((ProcessConfig)element).Name;\n }\n\n protected override ConfigurationElement CreateNewElement()\n {\n return new ProcessConfig();\n }\n }\n}\n\nnamespace Configuration\n{\n using System.",
"Configuration;\n\n public class ProcessConfig : ConfigurationElement\n {\n [ConfigurationProperty(\"name\", IsRequired = true, IsKey = true)]\n public string Name \n {\n get\n {\n return (string)this[\"name\"];\n }\n set\n {\n this[\"name\"] = value;\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nHowever when I hit this line of code:\nvar processConfigurationSection = ConfigurationManager.",
"GetSection(\"ProcessConfiguration\") as ProcessesConfigurationSection;\n\nI get the error which states:\n\nAn error occurred creating the configuration section handler for\n ProcessConfiguration: Could not load type\n 'Configuration.",
"ProcessConfigurationSection' from assembly\n 'Configuration'.",
"\n\nI'm completely stumped, if anyone can help me out I'd really appreciate it.",
"\n\nA:\n\nIn the line:\n<section name=\"ProcessConfiguration\" type=\"Configuration.",
"ProcessConfigurationSection, Configuration\" />\n\nThe name 'Configuration' should refer to the DLL that you re building, please try checking this and correct if needed.",
"\nAlso I think you may have a typo, in your code the type name is:\nProcessesConfigurationSection\n\n(Note the Processes vs Process)\n\nA:\n\nThis error has been raised because the invoking assembly couldn't load the class type in the specified assembly. ",
"This error can be caused by a space after the type name (which has happened to me), for example the following config section\ntype=\"Configuration.",
"ProcessConfigurationSection , Configuration\"\n\nwill generate this error too. ",
"\n\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
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] | 0.000767 | 17 |
[
"Donald Trump Donald John TrumpTrump says he doesn't think he could've done more to stop virus spread Conservative activist Lauren Witzke wins GOP Senate primary in Delaware Trump defends claim coronavirus will disappear, citing 'herd mentality' MORE is 0-for-2 right now on his big policy pushes since he entered the White House. ",
"The Trump administration unveiled a push for comprehensive tax reform that has received mixed reviews from center-right policy experts, and if the White House proves feeble on this, it’ll be three strikes on their big policy pushes.",
"\n\nTrump’s rollout of his immigration order was greeted by fierce airport protests from the left and more opposition in his own party than should have been expected. ",
"The first iteration of the order was haphazard, poorly-written and subject to court challenges, which is why the White House struggled to get cover from its own party. ",
"GOP senators demanded “immediate” revisions and said the order “goes too far.”",
"\n\nADVERTISEMENT\n\nIn the wake of the initial rollout, the Trump administration moderated and revised the immigration order to something more palatable and enforceable. ",
"They declared it a win. ",
"But it was an early sign of how further policy pushes might go for the White House. ",
"Many conservatives who support stricter scrutiny of incoming immigrants could not support the immigration order due to the chaos and confusion it stoked. ",
"Donald Trump’s seeming insistence on going it alone without input from other conservative policymakers was a disaster.",
"\n\nThe debacle that was the American Health Care Act (AHCA), the long-awaited GOP ObamaCare repeal bill. ",
"While some portrayed it as the White House keeping its hands off and letting GOP leadership in Congress steward the bill, the Trump administration did indeed throw its support behind the plan. ",
"It was a disaster. ",
"Announcement of the AHCA was greeted with universal opposition from conservatives. ",
"Policy experts from conservative think tanks like the Heritage Foundation and the American Enterprise Institute opposed it, as did a large group of conservative congressmen in the Freedom Caucus — not to mention the near-impossibility of anything with its structure passing through the Senate.",
"\n\nThe American Health Care Act did not garner enough support to even be put up for a vote in the House.",
"\n\nTrump's tax plan a new death tax for the middle class? ",
"https://t.co/5xbP2wbHL2 pic.twitter.com/elxPcDuOl5 — USA Social (@USA_Sociall) May 1, 2017\n\nTax reform has long been a priority for Republicans, and perhaps reflecting that, the Trump tax reform proposal has been better received, even if it’s far from perfect. ",
"Chris Edwards of the Cato Institute called the outline “a good direction,” and the Heritage Foundation said it was a “solid start.” ",
"Speaker Paul Ryan Paul Davis RyanAt indoor rally, Pence says election runs through Wisconsin Juan Williams: Breaking down the debates Peterson faces fight of his career in deep-red Minnesota district MORE said that Republicans in Congress are “getting on the same page,” and the momentum sure does seem a lot more positive than the two previous big-ticket items from the Trump administration.",
"\n\nThere are two possibilities here. ",
"One, the Trump administration is learning. ",
"Their immigration rollout was a debacle, and ObamaCare repeal was a disaster. ",
"Even having most of their ducks in a row for this push on tax reform represents a small step forward. ",
"At least this time, there isn’t a massive contingent of Republicans lining up against what the White House is pushing.",
"\n\nTrump’s tax plan is a bold step towards draining the swamp https://t.co/bmR9GzzZNs pic.twitter.com/I2dfnkWTuO — Eddie Donovan (@EddieDonovan) May 2, 2017\n\nOn the other hand, tax reform is something that is central to the Republican Party as anything. ",
"Health care and immigration are messier and cleave across many different ideological lines, and after eight years of maligning executive orders it may have been overly optimistic to expect a Republican president to get the hang of them immediately. ",
"And ObamaCare repeal through reconciliation is a thread-the-needle exercise that will likely never satisfy anyone.",
"\n\nTax reform is easier. ",
"It’s simpler. ",
"The sharpest conservative policy minds have been hard at work on ideal ways to reform the tax code for decades. ",
"Perhaps, as Jim Pethokoukis of the American Enterprise Institute wrote, we should be very, very worried that the President doesn’t actually have a fully fleshed-out plan before unveiling it to the public.",
"\n\nWhen Donald Trump scored his stunning upset in November and secured Republican control of the House, Senate, and Presidency, there were high hopes on the Right. ",
"But right now, Republicans are staring down the barrel of going 0-for-3 on the Trump White House’s first big policy fights.",
"\n\nTrump may not be rendered completely ineffective by another loss, but it’s difficult to fathom losing on the first three big fights when the Republican Party controls both the White House and Congress.",
"\n\nKevin Glass is a policy writer in Washington, D.C. who has been published by The Atlantic, U.S. News & World Report, National Review and others. ",
"He is a contributor to The Washington Examiner. ",
"Follow him on Twitter @KevinWGlass.",
"\n\nThe views expressed by contributors are their own and are not the views of The Hill."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
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] | 0.003043 | 39 |
[
"---\nabstract: |\n When a measure $\\Psi(x)$ on the real line is subjected to the modification $d\\Psi^{(t)}(x) = e^{-tx} d \\Psi(x)$, then the coefficients of the recurrence relation of the orthogonal polynomials in $x$ with respect to the measure $\\Psi^{(t)}(x)$ are known to satisfy the so-called Toda lattice formulas as functions of $t$. In this paper we consider a modification of the form $e^{-t({\\mathfrak{p}}x+{\\mathfrak{q}}/x)}$ of measures or, more generally, of moment functionals, associated with orthogonal L-polynomials and show that the coefficients of the recurrence relation of these L-orthogonal polynomials satisfy what we call an extended relativistic Toda lattice. ",
"Most importantly, we also establish the so called Lax pair representation associated with this extended relativistic Toda lattice. ",
"These results also cover the (ordinary) relativistic Toda lattice formulations considered in the literature by assuming either ${\\mathfrak{p}}=0$ or ${\\mathfrak{q}}=0$. However, as far as Lax pair representation is concern, no complete Lax pair representations were established for the respective relativistic Toda lattice formulations. ",
"Some explicit examples of extended relativistic Toda lattice and Langmuir lattice are also presented. ",
"As further results, the lattice formulas that follow from the three term recurrence relations associated with kernel polynomials on the unit circle are also established.\\\n Keywords: Relativistic Toda lattice; Lax pairs; L-orthogonal polynomials; Kernel polynomials on the unit circle\n\n MSC: 34A33, 42C05, 33C47, 47E05\nauthor:\n- |\n [Cleonice F. Bracciali$^{1,}$, Jairo S. Silva$^2$, A. Sri Ranga$^1$[^1]]{}\\\n [$^1$Depto de Matemática Aplicada, IBILCE, ]{}\\\n [UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista,]{} [15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. ]{}\\",
"\n [$^2$Depto de Matemática, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brazil.]{}",
"\ntitle: 'Extended relativistic Toda lattice, L-orthogonal polynomials and associated Lax pair[^2]'\n---\n\nIntroduction {#Sec-Intro}\n============\n\nLet $\\Psi$ be a positive measure defined on the real line, and let $\\{P_n\\}_{n=0}^{\\infty}$ be the sequence of monic orthogonal polynomials with respect to $\\Psi$, in the sense that $$\\int_{\\mathbb{R}} x^sP_n(x)d\\Psi(x)=0, \\quad 0\\leq s\\leq n-1, \\quad n\\geq1,$$ where $P_n$ is a polynomial of exact degree $n$. It is known (see, for example, [@Chihara-book; @Ism2005; @Szego-book-1939]) that these polynomials satisfy the following three term recurrence relation $$\\label{relrec}\nP_{n+1}(x)=(x-b_{n+1})P_n(x)-a_{n+1}P_{n-1}(x) ,\\quad n\\geq1,$$ with $P_0(x)=1$ and $P_1(x)=x-b_1$. Moreover, for any $n\\geq1$, the coefficients $b_{n}$ are real and $a_{n+1}$ are positive ($a_1$ is arbitrary).",
"\n\nConsider the modified measure ${\\Psi}^{(t)}$, in one time variable $t$, given by $ d {\\Psi}^{(t)}(x)$ $ = e ^{-t x} d \\Psi(x)$, and the associated monic orthogonal polynomials $P_n(x; t)$. As given in [@Ism2005] (see also [@Peh2001]) the recursion coefficients $a_{n}(t)$ and $b_{n}(t)$ which appear in the three term recurrence relation (\\[relrec\\]) for $\\{P_n(x; t)\\}_{n \\geq 0}$ satisfy the semi-infinite Toda lattice equations of motion $$\\label{eqtod}\n\\begin{array}{l}\n \\dot{a}_n(t) = a_n(t)[b_{n-1}(t)-b_{n}(t)], \\\\[1.5ex]\n \\dot{b}_n(t) = a_n(t)-a_{n+1}(t),\n\\end{array}\n\\quad n \\geq 1,$$ with the initial conditions $b_{0}(t)=1$, $a_{1}(t)=0$, $a_n(0)=a_n$ and $b_n(0)=b_n$. Here, we use the usual notation $\\dot{f} = \\frac{d}{d t} f$.\n\nToda lattice is a system of particles on the line with exponential interaction of nearest neighbours [@Suris2003]. ",
"Toda was the first to consider such a system for infinitely many particles on the line [@to1]. ",
"The Toda lattice equations (\\[eqtod\\]) are obtained from the Newtonian equations of motion (see, for example, [@Suris2003]) $$\\label{todaj}\n\\ddot{x}_n=e^{x_{n-1} - x_{n}}-e^{x_{n} - x_{n+1}},\\quad n\\geq1,$$ when one takes $b_n=\\dot{x}_n$ and $a_n=e^{x_{n-1} - x_{n}}$ for $n\\geq1$.\\\nThe present work considers a similar study in the case of the so-called L-orthogonal polynomials. ",
"In this respect, let $\\mathcal{L}$ be a moment functional defined on the linear space $Span\\{1, x^{-1}, x, $ $x^{-2}, \\ldots \\}$ of Laurent polynomials.",
"\n\nGiven ${\\mathfrak{p}}, {\\mathfrak{q}}\\in \\mathbb{C}$, we also assume that the moment functional $\\mathcal{L}$ is such that $\\mathcal{L}[e^{-t\\left({\\mathfrak{p}}x + {\\mathfrak{q}}/x\\right)}x^{k}]$ exists for all $k \\in \\mathbb{Z}$ and for all $t \\geq 0$, and that $$\\frac{d}{dt}\\mathcal{L}\\left[e^{-t\\left({\\mathfrak{p}}x + \\frac{{\\mathfrak{q}}}{x}\\right)}f(x,t)\\right] = \\mathcal{L}\\left[\\frac{\\partial}{\\partial t} \\left( e^{-t\\left({\\mathfrak{p}}x + \\frac{{\\mathfrak{q}}}{x} \\right)}f(x,t)\\right)\\right],$$ for any $f(x,t)$ which is a Laurent polynomial in $x$ and an absolutely continuous function in $t$ for $t \\geq 0$.\n\nStarting with the above $\\mathcal{L}$, we consider the parametric family of moment functionals $\\mathcal{L}^{(t)}$, $t \\geq 0$, such that $$\\label{Eq-MF-TodaModification}\n\\mathcal{L}^{(t)}[x^{k}] \\ = \\ \\mathcal{L}\\left[e^{-t \\left({\\mathfrak{p}}x + \\frac{{\\mathfrak{q}}}{x} \\right)}x^{k}\\right] \\ = \\ \\nu_{k}^{(t)}, \\quad k=0, \\pm1, \\pm2, \\ldots, \\quad t \\geq 0,$$ and assume also that $$\\label{Eq-newHankelCond}\n(a) \\ \\ H_{n}^{(-n)}(t) \\neq 0 \\quad \\mbox{and} \\quad (b)\\ \\ H_{n+1}^{(-n)}(t) \\neq 0,$$ for $n \\geq 0$ and $t \\geq 0$, where the associated Hankel determinants $H_{n}^{(m)}(t)$ are given by $H_{0}^{(m)}(t)= 1$ and $$H_{n}^{(m)}(t) = \\left|\n\\begin{array}{cccc}\n\\nu_{m}^{(t)} & \\nu_{m+1}^{(t)} & \\cdots & \\nu_{m+n-1}^{(t)} \\\\\n\\nu_{m+1}^{(t)} & \\nu_{m+2}^{(t)} & \\cdots & \\nu_{m+n}^{(t)} \\\\\n\\vdots & \\vdots & & \\vdots \\\\\n\\nu_{m+n-1}^{(t)} & \\nu_{m+n}^{(t)} & \\cdots & \\nu_{m+2n-2}^{(t)} \\\\\n\\end{array} \\right|, \\quad n,m \\in \\mathbb{Z}, \\quad n \\geq 1.$$ We now define, for any fixed $t \\geq 0$, the sequence $\\{Q_{n}(x; t)\\}_{n \\geq 0}$ of polynomials in $x$ by $$\\label{Eq-Def-Lorthogonality} \n\\begin{array}{l}\n Q_{n}(x; t) \\mbox{ is a monic polynomial of degree } n \\mbox{ in } x \\\\[2ex]\n \\mathcal{L}^{(t)} \\left[ x^{-n+s}Q_{n}(x; t) \\right] = 0, \\quad s =0, 1, \\ldots, n-1,\n\\end{array}$$ for $n \\geq 1$. It is known (see, for example, [@JNT83; @JTW1980; @SRM96]) that the existence of these polynomials is assured by the conditions in (\\[Eq-newHankelCond\\]). ",
"Also when the conditions in (\\[Eq-newHankelCond\\]) hold these polynomials are known to satisfy the following three term recurrence relation $$\\label{eqrrttj}\nQ_{n+1}(x; t) = [x-\\beta_{n+1}(t)] Q_{n}(x; t) - \\alpha_{n+1}(t)\\, x Q_{n-1}(x; t), \\quad n \\geq 1,$$ with $Q_{0}(x; t)=1, \\ Q_{1}(x; t)=x - \\beta_{1}(t)$. The known expressions for the coefficients $\\beta_n(t)$ and $\\alpha_n(t)$ in terms of the moment functional $\\mathcal{L}^{(t)}$ are presented in Section \\[Sec-Proof-TheoToda\\] of this manuscript.",
"\n\nThe polynomials $Q_{n}(x; 0)$ (to be more general, the polynomials $Q_{n}(x; t)$ for any fixed $t$) have been referred to as L-orthogonal polynomials in some previous papers in the subject (see [@FelixRangaVeron-ANM2011] and references therein). ",
"Hence, throughout in this manuscript we will refer to the polynomials $Q_{n}(x; t)$ as L-orthogonal polynomials with respect to the moment functional $\\mathcal{L}^{(t)}$ or simply L-orthogonal polynomials. ",
"However, it is important to mention that Zhedanov in his many contributions (see, for example, [@Zhed98]) refers to such polynomials as Laurent biorthogonal polynomials.",
"\n\nThe polynomials $Q_{n}(x; 0)$, when the determinants in (\\[Eq-newHankelCond\\]) (for $t=0$) are positive, have played an important role in the study of the so-called strong Stieltjes moment problem which was introduced in [@JTW1980].",
"\n\nWith respect to the present objective, it is known that the recursion coefficients $\\beta_{n}(t)$ and $\\alpha_{n}(t)$ (see, for example, [@CKVA2002; @KhaMirZhed-IJMP1997]) satisfy the equations of motion $$\\label{RTL1}\n\\begin{array}{l}\n\\displaystyle \\dot{\\beta}_{n} = \\beta_{n} \\left( \\frac{\\alpha_{n+1}}{\\beta_{n+1}\\beta_{n}} - \\frac{\\alpha_{n}}{\\beta_{n}\\beta_{n-1}} \\right), \\quad\n\\displaystyle \\dot{\\alpha}_{n} = \\alpha_{n} \\left( \\frac{1}{\\beta_{n-1}} - \\frac{1}{\\beta_{n}} \\right), \n\\end{array}$$ for the case where ${\\mathfrak{p}}=0$ and ${\\mathfrak{q}}=1$, and $$\\label{RTL2}\n\\begin{array}{l}\n\\displaystyle \\dot{\\beta}_{n} = \\beta_{n} \\left( \\alpha_{n} - \\alpha_{n+1} \\right), \\quad\n\\displaystyle \\dot{\\alpha}_{n} = \\alpha_{n} \\left( \\alpha_{n-1} + \\beta_{n-1} - \\alpha_{n+1} - \\beta_{n}\\right),\n\\end{array}$$ for the case where ${\\mathfrak{p}}=1$ and ${\\mathfrak{q}}=0$, both with $\\beta_n(t) \\neq 0$, $\\alpha_{n+1}(t) \\neq 0$ for $n \\geq 1$ and $\\alpha_1(t)= 0$ (further, $\\alpha_{N+1}(t)=0$ in the finite case, i.e., $n=1, 2, \\ldots, N$). ",
"The system of equations (\\[RTL2\\]) has also been considered in [@Com92; @ComHaf92], where the authors showed its connection to T–fractions (or the equivalent M–fractions). ",
"Observe that the recurrence formula (\\[eqrrttj\\]) is the three term recurrence relation satisfied by the denominator polynomials of M–fractions.",
"\n\nThe above system of equations known nowadays as the [*relativistic Toda lattice*]{} was introduced by Ruijsenaars [@Rui1990] (and studied, for example, in [@BR88; @BR89; @Suris1996; @Suris1997; @Suris2003]) in the form of the following Newtonian equations of motion $$\\label{eq_mov_suris11}\n\\ddot{x}_n = (1 + g\\dot{x}_{n+1}) (1 + g \\dot{x}_{n}) \\frac{e^{x_{n+1} - x_{n}}}{1+ g^2 e^{x_{n+1} - x_{n}}} - (1 + g \\dot{x}_{n}) (1 + g \\dot{x}_{n-1}) \\frac{e^{x_{n} - x_{n-1}}}{1+ g^2 e^{x_{n} - x_{n-1}}},$$ where $g$ is a (small) parameter of the model having physical meaning as the inverse speed of light. ",
"Notice that the Newtonian equations of motion (\\[eq\\_mov\\_suris11\\]) for the relativistic Toda lattice are, actually, a one-parameter perturbation of the Newtonian equations of motion (\\[todaj\\]) for the usual Toda lattice.",
"\n\nIn the present manuscript, different from what is considered in [@CKVA2002; @KhaMirZhed-IJMP1997], we consider the Toda lattice equations that follow from the two directional modification ${\\mathfrak{p}}x + {\\mathfrak{q}}/x$ in (\\[Eq-MF-TodaModification\\]).",
"\n\nThe main purpose of the present manuscript is to show that the recursion coefficients $\\beta_{n}(t)$ and $\\alpha_{n}(t)$ satisfy the lattice equations that we call the [*extended relativistic Toda lattice*]{} equations. ",
"We also establish the Lax pair formulations for this extended relativistic Toda lattice. ",
"The main results of this paper are stated in the following two theorems.",
"\n\n\\[Thm-toda-general\\] Consider a moment functional $\\mathcal{L}^{(t)}$, defined as in $(\\ref{Eq-MF-TodaModification})$, and the L-orthogonal polynomials $Q_n(x; t)$, $n\\geq1$, defined in ($\\ref{Eq-Def-Lorthogonality}) $. ",
"The recursion coefficients $\\beta_{n}(t)$ and $\\alpha_{n}(t)$ in the recurrence relation $(\\ref{eqrrttj})$ satisfy the extended relativistic Toda lattice equations $$\\label{Eq-Toda-02}\n\\dot{\\beta}_{n} = {\\mathfrak{p}}\\, \\beta_{n} \\left( \\alpha_{n} - \\alpha_{n+1} \\right) +\n{\\mathfrak{q}}\\, \\beta_{n} \\left(\\frac{\\alpha_{n+1}}{\\beta_{n+1}\\beta_{n}} - \\frac{\\alpha_{n}}{\\beta_{n}\\beta_{n-1}} \\right)$$ and $$\\label{Eq-Toda-01}\n\\dot{\\alpha}_{n} = {\\mathfrak{p}}\\, \\alpha_{n} \\left( \\alpha_{n-1} + \\beta_{n-1}-\\alpha_{n+1} - \\beta_{n} \\right)\n+ {\\mathfrak{q}}\\, \\alpha_{n} \\left( \\frac{1}{\\beta_{n-1}} - \\frac{1}{\\beta_{n}} \\right),$$ for $n \\geq 1$, with the initial conditions $\\beta_{0}(t)= 1$, $\\alpha_{0}(t)= -1$ and $\\alpha_{1}(t)= 0$. Moreover, $$\\label{Eq-Toda-03}\n\\dot{\\gamma}_{n} = {\\mathfrak{p}}\\,\\left(\\alpha_{n}\\gamma_{n} - \\alpha_{n+1} \\gamma_{n+1}\\right) \n+ {\\mathfrak{q}}\\, \\left( \\frac{\\alpha_{n+1}}{\\beta_{n}} - \\frac{\\alpha_{n}}{\\beta_{n-1}} \\right), \\quad n\\geq1,$$ with $\\gamma_{n} = \\alpha_{n+1} + \\beta_{n}$, $n\\geq1$. Here, we have omitted the time variable $t$ for simplification.",
"\n\nThe proof of this theorem is given in Section \\[Sec-Proof-TheoToda\\] of the manuscript.",
"\n\nThe following interesting result holds with respect to the extended relativistic Toda lattice equations given by Theorem \\[Thm-toda-general\\].",
"\n\n\\[Thm-Lpair-ETLE\\] Let the infinite Hessenberg matrix $\\mathcal{H}(t) = \\mathcal{H}$ and the infinite tridiagonal matrix $\\mathcal{F}(t) = \\mathcal{F}$ be given by $$\\label{Eq-LaxPairHF}\n{\\mathcal H}= \\left(\n\\begin{array}{cccccc}\n\\gamma_1 & \\gamma_2 & \\gamma_3 & \\cdots & \\gamma_{n} & \\cdots \\\\[1ex]\n\\alpha_2 & \\gamma_2 & \\gamma_3 & \\cdots & \\gamma_{n} & \\cdots \\\\[1ex]\n0 & \\alpha_3 & \\gamma_3 & \\cdots & \\gamma_{n} & \\cdots \\\\\n\\vdots & \\ddots & \\ddots & \\ddots & \\vdots & \\\\\n0 & \\cdots & 0 & \\alpha_{n}& \\gamma_{n} & \\cdots \\\\\n\\vdots & & \\vdots & \\ddots & \\ddots & \\ddots\n\\end{array}\\right), \\quad\n{\\mathcal{F}} = \\left(\n\\begin{array}{cccccc}\n{\\mathfrak{f}}_1 & {\\mathfrak{h}}_1 & 0 & \\cdots & 0 & \\cdots \\\\\n{\\mathfrak{e}}_2 & {\\mathfrak{f}}_2 & {\\mathfrak{h}}_2 & \\ddots & \\vdots & \\\\\n 0 & {\\mathfrak{e}}_3 & {\\mathfrak{f}}_3 & \\ddots & 0 & \\cdots \\\\\n\\vdots & \\ddots & \\ddots & \\ddots & {\\mathfrak{h}}_{n-1}& \\ddots \\\\\n 0 & \\cdots & 0 & {\\mathfrak{e}}_n & {\\mathfrak{f}}_n & \\ddots \\\\\n\\vdots & &\\vdots & \\ddots & \\ddots & \\ddots \n\\end{array}\\right), \\qquad$$ where $\\gamma_{k} = \\alpha_{k+1} + \\beta_{k}$, $${\\mathfrak{e}}_{k} = -{\\mathfrak{p}}\\alpha_{k}, \\quad {\\mathfrak{f}}_{k} = {\\mathfrak{p}}\\alpha_{k} + \\frac{{\\mathfrak{q}}}{\\gamma_{k} - \\alpha_{k+1}}, \\quad {\\mathfrak{h}}_{k} = -\\frac{{\\mathfrak{q}}}{\\gamma_{k} - \\alpha_{k+1}},$$ for $k \\geq 1$. Then the pair $\\{{\\mathcal H}, {\\mathcal F}\\}$ is a Lax pair for the extended relativistic Toda lattice equations $(\\ref{Eq-Toda-01})$ and $(\\ref{Eq-Toda-03})$ given by Theorem \\[Thm-toda-general\\]. ",
"Precisely, $ \\dot{{\\mathcal H}}=[{\\mathcal H}, {\\mathcal F}],$ where $[{\\mathcal H}, {\\mathcal F}]={\\mathcal H}{\\mathcal F}-{\\mathcal F}{\\mathcal H}.$\n\nFurther information about [*Lax pairs*]{} and the proof of Theorem \\[Thm-Lpair-ETLE\\] are given in Section \\[Sec-Lax-Lorth\\] of the manuscript.",
"\n\nIn Section \\[Sec-LOrthogonal-RL\\] we consider the case in which $\\mathcal{L}[f] = \\int_{a}^{b} f(x) d \\psi(x)$, where $0 \\leq a < b \\leq \\infty$ and $\\psi$ is a strong positive measure defined on $[a, b]$. The word strong, adopted from the work of Jones, Thron and Waadeland [@JTW1980] on the strong moment problem, is to indicate that the measure has moments of non-negative and negative order. ",
"Two examples with ${\\mathfrak{p}}{\\mathfrak{q}}\\neq 0$ are given, where the solutions have very nice representations.",
"\n\nThe two parameter extension ${\\mathfrak{p}}x + {\\mathfrak{q}}/x$ also permits us to extend the results to the unit circle. ",
"If $\\mu$ is a positive measure on the unit circle $\\mathbb{T}=\\{x=e^{i\\theta} : 0 \\leq \\theta \\leq 2\\pi \\}$, then with ${\\mathfrak{p}}= \\overline{{\\mathfrak{q}}}$, the measures $\\mu^{(t)}$ given by $$d \\mu^{(t)}(x) = e^{-t({\\mathfrak{p}}x + {\\mathfrak{q}}/x)} d \\mu(x),$$ is also positive in $\\mathbb{T}$ for any $t$ real. ",
"Hence, respectively in Sections \\[Sec-CDKernels-UC\\] and \\[Sec-OPUC\\], we have been able to proceed with the study of looking at the recurrence coefficients $\\beta_{n}(t)$ and $\\alpha_{n+1}(t)$ that follow from the moment functionals $$\\label{Eq-Toda-Mod-KOPUC}\n \\mathcal{L}^{(t)}[f] = \\int_{\\mathbb{T}} f(x)\\, e^{-t(\\overline{{\\mathfrak{q}}} x + {\\mathfrak{q}}/x)} (x-w) d \\mu(x),$$ where $|w|=1$ fixed and from the moment functionals $$\\label{Eq-Toda-Mod-OPUC}\n \\mathcal{L}^{(t)}[f] = \\int_{\\mathbb{T}} f(x)\\, e^{-t(\\overline{{\\mathfrak{q}}} x + {\\mathfrak{q}}/x)} x d \\mu(x).$$ In the case of (\\[Eq-Toda-Mod-OPUC\\]) the polynomials $Q_{n}(x;t)$ are the monic orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle with respect to $\\mu^{(t)}$ (also known as Szegő polynomials), and in the case of (\\[Eq-Toda-Mod-KOPUC\\]) the polynomials $Q_{n}(x;t)$ are the monic kernel polynomials, say $const\\, K_{n}^{(t)}(x,w)$, on the unit circle with respect to $\\mu^{(t)}$. For a comprehensive collection of information concerning orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle and associated kernel polynomials we refer to [@Simon-book-p1].",
"\n\nThe proof of Theorem \\[Thm-toda-general\\] {#Sec-Proof-TheoToda}\n==========================================\n\nLet $Q_{n}(x; t) = \\sum_{j=0}^{n} a_{n,j}(t) x^j$, where $a_{n,n}(t) = 1$. From the linear system (\\[Eq-Def-Lorthogonality\\]) in the coefficients $a_{n,j}(t)$ of $Q_{n}(x; t)$, one easily finds $$Q_{n}(x; t) = \\frac{1}{H_{n}^{(-n)}(t)} \\left|\n\\begin{array}{cccc}\n\\nu_{-n}^{(t)} & \\nu_{-n+1}^{(t)} & \\cdots & \\nu_{0}^{(t)} \\\\\n\\vdots & \\vdots & & \\vdots \\\\\n\\nu_{-1}^{(t)} & \\nu_{0}^{(t)} & \\cdots & \\nu_{n-1}^{(t)} \\\\\n1 & x & \\cdots & x^n \\\\\n\\end{array} \\right|, \\quad n \\geq 1,$$ and if $\\sigma_{n,-1}(t) = \\mathcal{L}^{(t)}[x^{-n-1} Q_{n}(x; t)]$ and $\\sigma_{n,n}(t) = \\mathcal{L}^{(t)}[Q_{n}(x; t)]$ then $$\\sigma_{n,-1}(t) = (-1)^{n}\\frac{H_{n+1}^{(-n-1)}(t)}{H_{n}^{(-n)}(t)}, \\quad \\sigma_{n,n}(t) = \\frac{H_{n+1}^{(-n)}(t)}{H_{n}^{(-n)}(t)}, \\quad n \\geq 1.$$ Also observe that $\\sigma_{0,0}(t) = \\nu_{0}^{(t)}$ and $\\sigma_{0,-1}(t) = \\nu_{-1}^{(t)}$.\n\nClearly, the sequence of polynomials $\\{Q_{n}(x; t)\\}_{n \\geq 0}$ exists for all $t \\geq 0$ because $H_{n}^{(-n)}(t) \\neq 0$ for all $t \\geq 0$, which follows from condition $(a)$ of (\\[Eq-newHankelCond\\]). ",
"Observe that the condition $(b)$ in (\\[Eq-newHankelCond\\]) also means that $Q_{n}(0; t) \\neq 0$ for all $n \\geq 1$ and for all $t \\geq 0$.\n\nWith both conditions $(a)$ and $(b)$ in (\\[Eq-newHankelCond\\]) the recurrence relation (\\[eqrrttj\\]) holds for any $t \\geq 0$, with $\\beta_{1}(t) = \\sigma_{0,0}(t)/\\sigma_{0,-1}(t)$, $$\\label{Eq-coefs-TTRR}\n\\beta_{n+1}(t) = - \\alpha_{n+1}(t) \\frac{\\sigma_{n-1,-1}(t)}{\\sigma_{n,-1}(t)} \\ \\ \\mbox{and} \\ \\ \\alpha_{n+1}(t) = \\frac{\\sigma_{n,n}(t)}{\\sigma_{n-1,n-1}(t)}, \\ \\ n \\geq 1.$$ From the recurrence relation (\\[eqrrttj\\]), we directly obtain $$\\label{an0}\n a_{n,0}(t) = Q_{n}(0; t) = (-1)^n \\beta_{n} (t)\\beta_{n-1} (t)\\cdots \\beta_{2}(t) \\beta_{1}(t), \\quad n \\geq 1$$ and $$\\label{abzeros}\n\\alpha_{n+1}(t) + \\beta_{n+1}(t) = a_{n,n-1}(t) - a_{n+1,n}(t), \\quad n\\geq1.$$\n\nNotice that using (\\[Eq-coefs-TTRR\\]), we also obtain for $n\\geq0$, $$\\label{sigxi}\n\\sigma_{n,n}(t) \\ = \\ \\alpha_{n+1}(t) \\alpha_{n}(t) \\cdots \\alpha_{2}(t) \\sigma_{0,0}(t)$$ and $$\\label{sigman}\n\\sigma_{n,-1}(t) = (-1)^n \\frac{\\alpha_{n+1}(t) \\alpha_{n} (t)\\cdots \\alpha_{2}(t) \\sigma_{0,0}(t)}{\\beta_{n+1}(t)\\beta_{n}(t) \\cdots \\beta_{2}(t)\\beta_{1}(t)}\n= \\frac{\\sigma_{n,n}(t)}{\\beta_{n+1}(t)a_{n,0}(t)}.$$\n\n\\[Lemma-01\\] Let us denote $\\tau_n(t) = \\mathcal{L}^{(t)} \\left[x Q_{n}(x; t) \\right]$, $n\\geq0$. Then, $$\\tau_n(t) = \\sigma_{n,n}(t) \\sum_{k=1}^{n+1} [\\alpha_{k+1}(t) + \\beta_{k}(t)] = \\sigma_{n,n}(t) \\sum_{k=1}^{n+1} \\gamma_{k}(t),$$ for $n\\geq 0$, where $\\gamma_{k}(t) = \\alpha_{k+1}(t) + \\beta_{k}(t)$, $k = 1, 2, \\ldots, n+1.$\n\nThe validity of the Lemma for $n=0$ is easily verified.",
"\n\nFrom the recurrence relation (\\[eqrrttj\\]), we have $$xQ_{n}(x; t) = Q_{n+1}(x; t) + \\beta_{n+1}(t)Q_{n}(x; t) + \\alpha_{n+1}(t)xQ_{n-1}(x; t), \\quad \\ n \\geq 1.$$ Applying the moment function $\\mathcal{L}^{(t)}$ in the above equality gives $$\\tau_{n}(t) = \\sigma_{n+1,n+1}(t) + \\beta_{n+1} (t)\\sigma_{n,n} (t) + \\alpha_{n+1}(t) \\tau_{n-1}(t), \\quad n \\geq 1.$$ Consequently, with the observation that $\\alpha_{2}(t) + \\beta_1(t) = \\mathcal{L}^{(t)}[x]/\\mathcal{L}^{(t)}[1]$, we find $$\\frac{\\tau_{n}(t)}{\\sigma_{n,n}(t)} = \\alpha_{n+2}(t) + \\beta_{n+1}(t) + \\frac{\\tau_{n-1}(t)}{\\sigma_{n-1,n-1}(t)} \n= \\sum_{k=1}^{n+1} [\\alpha_{k+1}(t) + \\beta_{k}(t)] = \\sum_{k=1}^{n+1} \\gamma_{k}(t),$$ for $n \\geq 1$, this concludes the proof of the Lemma. [[",
"$\\rule{2.0mm}{2.0mm}$]{}]{}\n\nSince $Q_{n}(x; t)$ is a polynomial of degree $n$ in the variable $x$, from (\\[Eq-Def-Lorthogonality\\]) we have $\n\\mathcal{L}^{(t)} [x^{-n} $ $ Q_{n-1}(x; t) Q_{n}(x; t) ] = 0, $ $ n\\geq1.",
"\n$ Differentiating with respect to the variable $t$ and denoting $\\frac{\\partial}{\\partial t} Q_{n}(x; t)=\\dot{Q}_{n}(x; t)$, from (\\[Eq-MF-TodaModification\\]), we obtain $$\\label{auxiliar03}\n\\begin{array}{l}\n \\displaystyle \\mathcal{L}^{(t)} \\left[ x^{-n} \\dot{Q}_{n-1}(x; t)Q_{n}(x; t) \\right] + \\mathcal{L}^{(t)} \\left[ x^{-n} Q_{n-1}(x; t)\\dot{Q}_{n}(x; t) \\right] \\\\[1.5ex]\n \\displaystyle - \\, \\mathcal{L}^{(t)} \\left[ x^{-n}\\left({\\mathfrak{p}}\\,x +\\frac{{\\mathfrak{q}}\\,}{x}\\right)Q_{n-1}(x; t) Q_{n}(x; t) \\right] = 0, \\quad n \\geq 1.",
"\n\\end{array}$$ However, since $\\dot{Q}_{n}(x; t)= \\sum_{j=0}^{n-1} \\dot{a}_{n,j}(t) x^j$ is a polynomial of degree at most $n-1$ in the variable $x$, again from (\\[Eq-Def-Lorthogonality\\]), we can see that $\n \\mathcal{L}^{(t)}[ x^{-n} $ $ \\dot{Q}_{n-1}(x; t)Q_{n}(x; t)] = 0 \n$ and $\n\\mathcal{L}^{(t)}[ x^{-n} $ $ Q_{n-1}(x; t)\\dot{Q}_{n}(x; t)] = \\dot{a}_{n,0}(t) \\sigma_{n-1,-1}(t),\n$ for $n \\geq 1$. Furthermore, $$\\mathcal{L}^{(t)} \\left[ x^{-n+1}Q_{n-1}(x; t) Q_{n}(x; t) \\right] =\na_{n-1,n-1}(t) \\sigma_{n,n}(t) = \\sigma_{n,n}(t)$$ and $\n\\mathcal{L}^{(t)} \\left[ x^{-n-1}Q_{n-1}(x; t) Q_{n}(x; t) \\right] = a_{n-1,0}(t) \\sigma_{n,-1}(t), \n$ for $n \\geq 1$. By substituting these in (\\[auxiliar03\\]), we then conclude that $$\\dot{a}_{n,0}(t) \\sigma_{n-1,-1}(t) = {\\mathfrak{p}}\\, \\sigma_{n,n}(t) + {\\mathfrak{q}}\\, a_{n-1,0}(t) \\sigma_{n,-1}(t), \\quad n \\geq 1.$$ Using (\\[Eq-coefs-TTRR\\]), (\\[an0\\]) and (\\[sigman\\]), we get $$\\label{soma_dos_betas}\n\\sum_{k=1}^{n} \\frac{\\dot{\\beta}_k(t)}{\\beta_k(t)} =\n-{\\mathfrak{p}}\\,\\alpha_{n+1}(t) + {\\mathfrak{q}}\\, \\frac{ \\alpha_{n+1}(t) }{ \\beta_{n+1}(t) \\beta_{n}(t)},\\quad n\\geq1.$$ From this and setting the initial conditions $\\beta_{0}(t)=1$ and $\\alpha_{1}(t)= 0$, the relation (\\[Eq-Toda-02\\]) of Theorem \\[Thm-toda-general\\] holds.",
"\n\nNow from (\\[Eq-Def-Lorthogonality\\]), we observe that $\n\\mathcal{L}^{(t)} \\left[ x^{-n}Q_{n}^2(x; t) \\right] = \\sigma_{n,n}(t), $ for $ n \\geq 0.",
"\n$ Differentiate $\\sigma_{n,n}(t)$ with respect to $t$ and observing that $\\mathcal{L}^{(t)}[ x^{-n} \\dot{Q}_{n}(x; t)$ $Q_{n}(x; t)] = 0$, it yields $$\\label{auxiliar}\n\\dot{\\sigma}_{n,n}(t)= - \\mathcal{L}^{(t)} \\left[ x^{-n}\\left({\\mathfrak{p}}\\,x+\\frac{{\\mathfrak{q}}\\,}{x}\\right)Q_{n}^2(x; t) \\right], \\quad n \\geq 0.$$ Observe, from (\\[Eq-Def-Lorthogonality\\]), that $\n\\mathcal{L}^{(t)} \\left[ x^{-n-1}Q_{n}^2(x; t) \\right] = a_{n,0}(t) \\sigma_{n,-1}(t), $ for $ n \\geq 0\n$ and, from Lemma \\[Lemma-01\\], $$\\mathcal{L}^{(t)} \\left[ x^{-n+1}Q_{n}^2(x; t) \\right] = a_{n,n-1}(t) \\sigma_{n,n}(t) + \\sigma_{n,n}(t) \\sum_{k=1}^{n+1} [\\alpha_{k+1}(t) + \\beta_{k}(t)],$$ for $n \\geq 0,$ where we have taken $a_{0,-1}(t) = 0$. One can verify also from (\\[abzeros\\]) that $$a_{n,n-1}(t) + \\sum_{k=1}^{n+1} [\\alpha_{k+1}(t) + \\beta_{k}(t)] = \\alpha_{n+2}(t) + \\beta_{n+1}(t) + \\alpha_{n+1}(t), \\quad n \\geq 0.$$ Hence, using the above results, the equation (\\[auxiliar\\]) can be given as $$-{\\mathfrak{p}}\\,\\sigma_{n,n}(t) \\left[\\alpha_{n+2}(t) + \\beta_{n+1}(t) + \\alpha_{n+1}(t) \\right] - {\\mathfrak{q}}\\, a_{n,0}(t) \\sigma_{n,-1}(t)= \\dot{\\sigma}_{n,n}(t),$$ for $n \\geq 0$. Thus, from (\\[sigxi\\]) and (\\[sigman\\]), we have $$-{\\mathfrak{p}}\\, [\\alpha_{2}(t) + \\beta_{1}(t)+ \\alpha_{1}(t)] - {\\mathfrak{q}}\\, \\frac{1}{\\beta_{1}(t)} = \\frac{\\dot{\\sigma}_{0,0}(t)}{\\sigma_{0,0} (t)},$$ and, for $n \\geq 1,$ $$-{\\mathfrak{p}}\\, \\left[\\alpha_{n+2}(t) + \\beta_{n+1}(t) + \\alpha_{n+1}(t) \\right] \n- {\\mathfrak{q}}\\, \\frac{1}{\\beta_{n+1}(t)} = \\frac{\\dot{\\sigma}_{0,0}(t)}{\\sigma_{0,0} (t)}+\\sum_{k=2}^{n+1}\\frac{\\dot{\\alpha}_k(t)}{\\alpha_k(t)}.$$ Consequently the relation (\\[Eq-Toda-01\\]) of Theorem \\[Thm-toda-general\\] holds for $n\\geq 2$. On the other hand, since $\\beta_{0}(t)= 1$, $\\alpha_{1}(t)=0$ and $\\alpha_{0}(t)$ is arbitrary (but, we set $\\alpha_{0}(t)=-1$) the relation [(\\[Eq-Toda-01\\])]{} clearly holds for $n=1$.\n\nFinally, since $\\gamma_{n}(t) = \\alpha_{n+1}(t) + \\beta_{n}(t)$, for $n\\geq1$ from (\\[Eq-Toda-02\\]) and (\\[Eq-Toda-01\\]), we easily obtain equation (\\[Eq-Toda-03\\]) of Theorem \\[Thm-toda-general\\].",
"\n\nLax pairs and the proof of Theorem \\[Thm-Lpair-ETLE\\] {#Sec-Lax-Lorth}\n=====================================================\n\nAs in Nakamura [@Naka2005], by considering the infinite matrices $$\\hspace*{-1ex}\n{\\mathcal S} = \\left(\n\\begin{array}{cccccc}\nb_1 & 1 & 0 & \\cdots & 0 & \\cdots \\\\\na_2 & b_2 & 1 & \\ddots & \\vdots & \\\\\n0 & a_3 & b_3 & \\ddots & 0 & \\cdots \\\\\n\\vdots & \\ddots & \\ddots & \\ddots & 1 & \\ddots \\\\\n0 & \\cdots & 0 & a_n & b_n & \\ddots \\\\\n\\vdots & & \\vdots & \\ddots & \\ddots & \\ddots \n\\end{array}\\right), \\quad\n{\\mathcal T}=\\left(\n\\begin{array}{cccccc}\n0 & 0 & \\cdots & \\cdots & 0 & \\cdots \\\\\n-a_2 & 0 & 0 & & \\vdots & \\\\\n0 & -a_3 & 0 & \\ddots & \\vdots & \\\\\n\\vdots & \\ddots & \\ddots & \\ddots & 0 & \\cdots \\\\\n0 & \\cdots & 0 & -a_n & 0 & \\ddots \\\\\n\\vdots & &\\vdots & \\ddots & \\ddots & \\ddots \n\\end{array}\\right),$$ the Toda lattice equations (\\[eqtod\\]) can also be represented in the matrix form $$\\label{laxpairOP}\n\\dot{{\\mathcal S}} = [{\\mathcal S},{\\mathcal T}] = {\\mathcal S}\\,{\\mathcal T} - {\\mathcal T}\\,{\\mathcal S}.$$ The pair $\\{{\\mathcal S},{\\mathcal T}\\}$ is called a [*Lax pair*]{} and (\\[laxpairOP\\]) is called a [*Lax representation*]{} for the Toda lattice (\\[eqtod\\]). ",
"Another Lax pair for the Toda lattice (\\[eqtod\\]) can also be found in .",
"\n\nFor the case of the finite relativistic Toda lattice equations (\\[RTL1\\]) and (\\[RTL2\\]) (i.e., $n=1, 2, \\ldots, N$), we mentioned that in Suris [@Suris1996; @Suris1997] (see also Coussement et al. [",
"@CKVA2002] for a generalized form of the finite relativistic Toda lattice), by considering the bidiagonal matrices ${\\mathcal M}_N$ and ${\\mathcal P}_N$, given by $$\\hspace*{-6ex}\n{\\mathcal M}_N =\\left(\n\\begin{array}{cccccc}\n\\beta_1 & 1 & 0 & \\cdots & 0 \\\\\n0 & \\beta_2 & 1 & & \\vdots \\\\\n\\vdots & \\ddots & \\ddots & \\ddots & \\vdots \\\\\n\\vdots & & \\ddots & \\beta_{N-1} & 1 \\\\\n0 & \\cdots & \\cdots & 0 & \\beta_{N}\n\\end{array}\\right), \\\n\\mathcal {P}_{N} =\\left(\n\\begin{array}{cccccc}\n1 & 0 & 0 & \\cdots & 0 \\\\\n-\\alpha_2 & 1 & 0 & & \\vdots \\\\\n\\vdots & \\ddots & \\ddots & \\ddots & \\vdots \\\\\n\\vdots & & \\ddots & 1 & 0 \\\\\n0 & \\cdots & \\cdots& -\\alpha_{N} & 1\n\\end{array}\\right),$$ it was shown that (\\[RTL1\\]) can be written in the Lax form $$\\label{GRTL}\n\\left\\{\\begin{array}{l}\n \\dot{{\\mathcal M}}_N = {\\mathcal M}_N{\\mathcal A}_N-{\\mathcal B}_N{\\mathcal M}_N, \\\\[1.5ex]\n \\dot{{\\mathcal P}}_N = {\\mathcal P}_N{\\mathcal A}_N-{\\mathcal B}_N{\\mathcal P}_N,\n\\end{array}\\right.$$ with ${\\mathcal A}_N =-({\\mathcal M}^{-1}_N{\\mathcal P}_N)_{-}$ and $ \\mathcal {B}_{N} =-({\\mathcal P}_N{\\mathcal M}^{-1}_N)_{-}$, where $Z_{-}$ denotes the strictly lower triangular part of $Z$. Moreover, by considering ${\\mathcal A}_N =-({\\mathcal P}^{-1}_N{\\mathcal M}_N)_{-}$ and $ \\mathcal {B}_{N} =-({\\mathcal M}_N{\\mathcal P}^{-1}_N)_{-}$, it was also shown that system (\\[RTL2\\]) can also be written in the form (\\[GRTL\\]). ",
"Notice that in neither case we have a Lax pair of the form (\\[laxpairOP\\]) for the finite relativistic Toda lattice equations (\\[RTL1\\]) and (\\[RTL2\\]).",
"\n\nThe aim of this section is to present a Lax pair of the form (\\[laxpairOP\\]) for the extended relativistic Toda lattice equations (\\[Eq-Toda-01\\]) and (\\[Eq-Toda-03\\]).",
"\n\nLet us first consider the extended relativistic Toda lattice equations of the finite order $$\\label{newTodagamma-N}\n\\dot{\\gamma}_{n} = {\\mathfrak{p}}\\left(\\alpha_{n}\\gamma_{n} - \\alpha_{n+1} \\gamma_{n+1}\\right) + {\\mathfrak{q}}\\left( \\frac{ \\alpha_{n+1} }{\\gamma_{n} - \\alpha_{n+1}} - \\frac{ \\alpha_{n} }{\\gamma_{n-1} - \\alpha_{n}} \\right),$$ and $$\\label{newTodaxi-N}\n\\dot{\\alpha}_{n} = {\\mathfrak{p}}\\alpha_{n} \\left( \\alpha_{n-1} +\\gamma_{n-1} - \\alpha_{n}-\\gamma_{n}\\right) \n+ {\\mathfrak{q}}\\alpha_{n} \\left( \\frac{1}{\\gamma_{n-1} - \\alpha_{n}} - \\frac{1}{\\gamma_{n} - \\alpha_{n+1}} \\right),$$ for $n =1,2, \\ldots, N$, where $\\gamma_{n}(t) = \\alpha_{n+1}(t) + \\beta_{n}(t)$, $\\beta_{0}(t)=1$, $\\alpha_{0}(t)= -1$ and $\\alpha_{1}(t)=0$, with the additional assumption $\\alpha_{N+1}(t) = 0$. Observe that with $\\alpha_{N+1}(t)= 0$ the product $\\alpha_{N+1}(t) \\gamma_{N+1}(t)$ that appears in (\\[newTodagamma-N\\]) is also zero.",
"\n\nFor $N \\geq 1$, let the $N \\times N$ matrices $\\mathcal{H}_N = \\mathcal{H}_N(t)$, $\\mathcal{X}_{N} = \\mathcal{X}_{N}(t)$ and $\\mathcal{Y}_{N} = \\mathcal{Y}_{N}(t)$ be given by $${\\mathcal H}_N=\\!\\left(\n\\begin{array}{cccccc}\n\\gamma_1 & \\gamma_2 & \\gamma_3 & \\cdots & \\gamma_{N-1} & \\gamma_{N} \\\\\n\\alpha_2 & \\gamma_2 & \\gamma_3 & \\cdots & \\gamma_{N-1} & \\gamma_{N} \\\\\n0 & \\alpha_3 & \\gamma_3 & \\cdots & \\gamma_{N-1} & \\gamma_{N} \\\\\n\\vdots & \\ddots & \\ddots & \\ddots & \\vdots & \\vdots \\\\\n0 & \\cdots & 0 & \\alpha_{N-1} & \\gamma_{N-1} & \\gamma_{N} \\\\\n0 & \\cdots & 0 & 0 & \\alpha_{N} & \\gamma_{N}\n\\end{array}\\right), \\quad\n\\mathcal {X}_{N}=\\!\\left(\\!",
"\n\\begin{array}{cccccc}\n\\alpha_1 & 0 & 0 & \\cdots & 0 & 0 \\\\\n-\\alpha_2 & \\alpha_2 & 0 & \\cdots & 0 & 0 \\\\\n 0 & -\\alpha_3 & \\alpha_3 & \\ddots & \\vdots & \\vdots \\\\\n\\vdots & \\ddots & \\ddots & \\ddots & 0 & 0 \\\\\n0 & \\cdots & 0 & -\\alpha_{N-1} & \\alpha_{N-1} & 0 \\\\\n0 & \\cdots & 0 & 0 & -\\alpha_{N} & \\alpha_{N}\n\\end{array}\\right)$$ and $$\\mathcal {Y}_{N} =\\left(\n\\begin{array}{cccccc}\n\\frac{1}{\\gamma_1-\\alpha_2} & -\\frac{1}{\\gamma_1-\\alpha_2} & 0 &\\cdots & 0 & 0 \\\\[0ex]\n0 & \\frac{1}{\\gamma_2-\\alpha_3} & -\\frac{1}{\\gamma_{2}-\\alpha_{3}}& \\ddots & \\vdots & \\vdots \\\\[0ex]\n 0 & 0 & \\ddots & \\ddots & 0 & 0 \\\\\n \\vdots & \\ddots & \\ddots & \\frac{1}{\\gamma_{N-2}-\\alpha_{N-1}} & -\\frac{1}{\\gamma_{N-2}-\\alpha_{N-1}} & 0 \\\\[1ex]\n 0 & \\cdots & 0 & 0 & \\frac{1}{\\gamma_{N-1}-\\alpha_{N}} & -\\frac{1}{\\gamma_{N-1}-\\alpha_{N}} \\\\[1ex]\n 0 & \\cdots & 0 & 0 & 0 & \\frac{1}{\\gamma_{N}-\\alpha_{N+1}} \n\\end{array}\\right).$$ The matrix $\\mathcal{H}_N$ has already been shown to be interesting in the studies related to L-orthogonal polynomials. ",
"From results first appeared in [@SR-A-CATCF92] (see also [@daSilvaRanga2005; @SRVA2002] on further studies), the zeros of $Q_N(x; t)$ are exactly the eigenvalues of the Hessenberg matrix $\\mathcal{H}_N(t)$.\n\nNow with the above matrices by performing the respective matrix multiplications one easily finds that $$\\dot{\\mathcal{H}}_{N} = {\\mathfrak{p}}\\left(\\mathcal{H}_{N} \\mathcal{X}_{N} - \\mathcal{X}_{N} \\mathcal{H}_{N}\\right) + {\\mathfrak{q}}\\left(\\mathcal{H}_{N} \\mathcal{Y}_{N} - \\mathcal{Y}_{N} \\mathcal{H}_{N}\\right),$$ for any $N \\geq 1$. Hence, we can state the following theorem.",
"\n\n\\[Thm-Finite-Lpair-ETLE\\] A Lax representation for the extended relativistic Toda lattice equations of finite order $N$ $(N \\geq 1)$ given by $(\\ref{newTodagamma-N})$ and $(\\ref{newTodaxi-N})$ is $$\\dot{\\mathcal{H}}_{N} = [\\mathcal{H}_{N}, \\mathcal{F}_{N}] = \\mathcal{H}_{N} \\mathcal{F}_{N} - \\mathcal{F}_{N} \\mathcal{H}_{N},$$ where $\\mathcal{F}_{N} = {\\mathfrak{p}}\\mathcal{X}_{N} + {\\mathfrak{q}}\\mathcal{Y}_{N}$, and given in $(\\ref{Eq-LaxPairHF})$.\n\nTo prove Theorem \\[Thm-Lpair-ETLE\\] one only needs to let $N \\to \\infty$ in Theorem \\[Thm-Finite-Lpair-ETLE\\].",
"\n\nFrom L-orthogonal polynomials on the positive real axis {#Sec-LOrthogonal-RL}\n=======================================================\n\nIn this section we consider the case in which the moment functional $\\mathcal{L}$ is given by $$\\mathcal{L}[f] = \\int_{a}^{b} f(x) d \\psi(x),$$ where $0 \\leq a < b \\leq \\infty$ and $\\psi$ is a strong positive measure defined on $[a, b]$. With the term “strong” we mean that the moments $\\mathcal{L}[x^n] = \\nu_{n}^{(0)}$ exists for all $n \\in \\mathbb{Z}$. The existence of the moments $\\mathcal{L}^{(t)}[x^n] = \\nu_{n}^{(t)}$, for all $n \\in \\mathbb{Z}$, depends on the choice of ${\\mathfrak{p}}$ and ${\\mathfrak{q}}$, especially if $a=0$ and/or $b=\\infty$.\n\nClearly, the choice ${\\mathfrak{p}}> 0$ and ${\\mathfrak{q}}>0$, that we will assume throughout in this section, guarantees the existence of all the moments since it is easily verified that $$\\int_{a}^{b} x^{n} e^{-t\\left({\\mathfrak{p}}x + \\frac{{\\mathfrak{q}}}{x}\\right)} d \\psi(x) \n \\leq e^{-2t\\sqrt{{\\mathfrak{p}}{\\mathfrak{q}}}} \\int_{a}^{b} x^{n} d \\psi(x).$$ With the existence of the moments, the determinantal conditions in (\\[Eq-newHankelCond\\]) also hold since $e^{-t\\left({\\mathfrak{p}}x + {\\mathfrak{q}}/x\\right)} d \\psi(x)$ leads to a positive measure in $[a,b]$. To be precise, we have $ H_{n}^{(-n)}(t) > 0 $ and $ H_{n+1}^{(-n)}(t) > 0,$ for $n \\geq 0$. We can also, without any loss of generality, consider $\\mathcal{L}^{(t)}$ in the form $$\\label{Eq-MF-TodaModification-PRL}\n \\mathcal{L}^{(t)}[f(x)] = \\mathcal{L}[f(x) e^{-t\\left(x + \\frac{{\\mathfrak{q}}}{x}\\right)}],$$ with ${\\mathfrak{q}}> 0$, by absorbing the positive ${\\mathfrak{p}}$ into the parameter $t$.\n\nIf we consider the L-orthogonal polynomials $Q_{n}(x; t)$ with respect to this moment functional then from the positiveness of $e^{-t\\left(x + {\\mathfrak{q}}/x\\right)} d \\psi(x)$ one can state that (see [@JTW1980]) the coefficients in the associated recurrence relation (\\[eqrrttj\\]) satisfy $\\beta_{n}(t) > 0$ and $ \\alpha_{n+1}(t) > 0, \\ n \\geq 1.$\n\nOn the other hand, by Theorem \\[Thm-toda-general\\] these coefficients satisfy the extended relativistic Toda lattice equations $$\\label{Eq-Toda-02-PRL}\n\\dot{\\beta}_{n} = \\beta_{n} \\left( \\alpha_{n} - \\alpha_{n+1} \\right) +\n{\\mathfrak{q}}\\, \\beta_{n} \\left(\\frac{\\alpha_{n+1}}{\\beta_{n+1}\\beta_{n}} - \\frac{\\alpha_{n}}{\\beta_{n}\\beta_{n-1}} \\right)$$ and $$\\label{Eq-Toda-01-PRL}\n\\dot{\\alpha}_{n} = \\alpha_{n} \\left( \\alpha_{n-1} + \\beta_{n-1}-\\alpha_{n+1} - \\beta_{n} \\right)\n+ {\\mathfrak{q}}\\, \\alpha_{n} \\left( \\frac{1}{\\beta_{n-1}} - \\frac{1}{\\beta_{n}} \\right),$$ for $n \\geq 1$, with the initial conditions $\\beta_{0}(t)= 1$, $\\alpha_{0}(t)= -1$ and $\\alpha_{1}(t)= 0$.\n\nWe now analyse results corresponding to such $\\mathcal{L}^{(t)}$ with two particular examples.\\\n[**Example 1**]{} For $\\delta > 0$, let the moment functional $\\mathcal{L}$ be given by $\n \\mathcal{L}[f(x)] = \\int_{0}^{\\infty} f(x) \\, d \\psi(x),\n$ where $d \\psi(x) = x^{-\\frac{1}{2}} e^{-\\delta(x + {\\mathfrak{q}}/x)} dx$. Then, the moment functional $\\mathcal{L}^{(t)}$ defined as in (\\[Eq-MF-TodaModification-PRL\\]) satisfies $$\\mathcal{L}^{(t)}[f(x)] = \\int_{0}^{\\infty} f(x) \\, d \\psi^{(t)}(x),$$ where $d \\psi^{(t)}(x) = x^{-\\frac{1}{2}} e^{-(t+\\delta)(x + {\\mathfrak{q}}/x)} dx$.\n\nConsidering the L-orthogonal polynomials $Q_{n}(x; t)$ with respect to this moment functional we find that the coefficients of the associated three term recurrence relation (\\[eqrrttj\\]) satisfy $$\\label{Eq-Example-1}\n \\beta_{n}(t) = \\sqrt{{\\mathfrak{q}}} \\quad \\mbox{and} \\quad \\alpha_{n+1}(t) = \\frac{n}{2(t+\\delta)}, \\quad n \\geq 1.$$ This follows from results given in [@Ranga-PAMS1995] (p. $3139$).",
"\n\nSubstitution of the values (\\[Eq-Example-1\\]) in the right hand sides of (\\[Eq-Toda-02-PRL\\]) and (\\[Eq-Toda-01-PRL\\]) we find $ \\dot{\\beta}_{n} = 0,$ for $n \\geq 1$, and $$\\dot{\\alpha}_{n} = \\displaystyle \\alpha_{n} \\left( \\alpha_{n-1} + \\beta_{n-1}-\\alpha_{n+1} - \\beta_{n} \\right)\n+ {\\mathfrak{q}}\\, \\alpha_{n} \\left( \\frac{1}{\\beta_{n-1}} - \\frac{1}{\\beta_{n}} \\right) = \n-\\frac{n-1}{2(t+\\delta)^2}, \\quad n \\geq 2.$$ The values obtained here for $\\dot{\\beta}_{n}$ and $\\dot{\\alpha}_{n}$ are what we obtain by direct differentiation in (\\[Eq-Example-1\\]).",
"\n\nIt turns out that the measure $\\psi$ in Example 1 is such that $$\\label{Eq-symmetry1}\n \\frac{d \\psi(x)}{\\sqrt{x}} = - \\frac{d \\psi({\\mathfrak{q}}/x)}{\\sqrt{{\\mathfrak{q}}/x}}.$$ Consequently, the measure $\\psi^{(t)}$ in Example 1 also satisfies the symmetric property (\\[Eq-symmetry1\\]).",
"\n\nIt is known (see, for example, [@Ranga-PAMS1995; @SRAM]) that under this symmetric property the coefficients $\\beta_{n}$ in the three term recurrence (\\[eqrrttj\\]) must satisfy $\\beta_{n}(t) = \\sqrt{{\\mathfrak{q}}}$, $n \\geq 1$.\n\nIn general, if we start with any strong measure $\\psi$ that satisfies the symmetry (\\[Eq-symmetry1\\]) and then proceed to create the linear functional $\\mathcal{L}$ and to build the moment functionals $\\mathcal{L}^{(t)}$ as in (\\[Eq-MF-TodaModification-PRL\\]), then $\\beta_{n}(t) = \\sqrt{{\\mathfrak{q}}}$, $n \\geq 1$. Moreover, for $\\alpha_{n}(t)$ we obtain $\\alpha_{n}(t) > 0$, $n \\geq 2$ and from (\\[Eq-Toda-01-PRL\\]) $$\\dot{\\alpha}_{n}(t) = \\alpha_{n}(t) \\left[\\alpha_{n-1}(t) - \\alpha_{n+1}(t) \\right], \\quad n \\geq 2,$$ with $\\alpha_1(t) =0$, which is known as Langmuir or Volterra lattice (see [@Peh2001]).\\\n[**Example 2**]{} For $\\delta > 0$, let the moment functional $\\mathcal{L}$ be given by $ \n \\mathcal{L}[f(x)] = \\int_{0}^{\\infty} f(x) \\, d \\tilde{\\psi}(x),\n$ where $d \\tilde{\\psi}(x) = (x + \\sqrt{{\\mathfrak{q}}}) x^{-\\frac{3}{2}} e^{-\\delta(x + \\frac{{\\mathfrak{q}}}{x})} dx$. Then the moment functional $\\mathcal{L}^{(t)}$ defined as in (\\[Eq-MF-TodaModification-PRL\\]) satisfies $$\\label{Eq-Exemple-2}\n \\mathcal{L}^{(t)}[f(x)] = \\int_{0}^{\\infty} f(x) \\, d \\tilde{\\psi}^{(t)}(x),$$ where $d \\tilde{\\psi}^{(t)}(x) = (x + \\sqrt{{\\mathfrak{q}}}) x^{-\\frac{3}{2}} e^{-(t+\\delta)(x + \\frac{{\\mathfrak{q}}}{x})} dx$.\n\nLet us denote the coefficients in the three term recurrence relation (\\[eqrrttj\\]) with respect to the moment functional $\\mathcal{L}^{(t)}$ in (\\[Eq-Exemple-2\\]) as $\\tilde{\\alpha}_{n}(t)$ and $\\tilde{\\beta}_{n}(t)$. The measures $\\tilde{\\psi}^{(t)}$ can be verified to satisfy the symmetry $$d\\tilde{\\psi}^{(t)}(x) = - d\\tilde{\\psi}^{(t)}({\\mathfrak{q}}/x),$$ and further $d\\tilde{\\psi}^{(t)}(x) = \\frac{x+\\sqrt{{\\mathfrak{q}}}}{x} d\\psi^{(t)}(x)$, where $\\psi^{(t)}$ are measures given in Example 1. ",
"Consequently, using results found in [@SR96], we obtain $$\\tilde{\\beta}_{n} (t) = \\frac{l_{n-1}(t)}{l_{n}(t)}, \\quad \\tilde{\\alpha}_{n+1}(t) = \\tilde{\\beta}_{n}(t)\\,[l_{n}^2(t) - 1] , \\quad n \\geq 1,$$ where $ l_{n}(t) = \\displaystyle{1 + \\frac{n/[2\\sqrt{{\\mathfrak{q}}}(t + \\delta)]}{l_{n-1}(t)+1}}, \\; n \\geq 1 \\; $ and $\\; l_{0}(t)=1$. These values for $\\tilde{\\beta}_{n}$ and $\\tilde{\\alpha}_{n}$, together with the values for $\\dot{\\tilde{\\beta}}_{n}$ and $\\dot{\\tilde{\\alpha}}_{n}$ obtained from these, can be successively substituted in $$\\begin{array}{l}\n \\displaystyle \\dot{\\tilde{\\beta}}_{n} = \\tilde{\\beta}_{n} \\left( \\tilde{\\alpha}_{n} - \\tilde{\\alpha}_{n+1} \\right) +\n {\\mathfrak{q}}\\, \\tilde{\\beta}_{n} \\left(\\frac{\\tilde{\\alpha}_{n+1}}{\\tilde{\\beta}_{n+1}\\tilde{\\beta}_{n}} - \\frac{\\tilde{\\alpha}_{n}}{\\tilde{\\beta}_{n}\\tilde{\\beta}_{n-1}} \\right), \\\\[3ex]\n \\displaystyle \\dot{\\tilde{\\alpha}}_{n} = \\tilde{\\alpha}_{n} \\left( \\tilde{\\alpha}_{n-1} + \\tilde{\\beta}_{n-1}-\\tilde{\\alpha}_{n+1} - \\tilde{\\beta}_{n} \\right)\n+ {\\mathfrak{q}}\\, \\tilde{\\alpha}_{n} \\left( \\frac{1}{\\tilde{\\beta}_{n-1}} - \\frac{1}{\\tilde{\\beta}_{n}} \\right), \n \\end{array} \\quad n \\geq 1,$$ to verify the validity of these extended relativistic Toda lattice equations.",
"\n\nFrom kernel polynomials on the unit circle {#Sec-CDKernels-UC}\n==========================================\n\nLet $\\mu$ be a positive measure defined on the unit circle $\\mathbb{T}=\\{z=e^{i\\theta} : 0 \\leq \\theta \\leq 2\\pi \\}$ and let $$\\mathcal{L}[f] = \\int_{\\mathbb{T}} f(z) (z-w)d \\mu(z) \\quad \\mbox{and} \\quad \\mathcal{L}^{(t)}[f] = \\int_{\\mathbb{T}} f(z) (z-w)d\\mu^{(t)}(z),$$ where $$d\\mu^{(t)}(z) = e ^{-t \\left(\\overline{{\\mathfrak{q}}}z+ {\\mathfrak{q}}/z \\right)} d \\mu(z) = e^{-2t[{\\mathop{\\rm Re}}({\\mathfrak{q}})\\cos \\theta + {\\mathop{\\rm Im}}({\\mathfrak{q}}) \\sin \\theta]} d \\mu(e^{i\\theta}).$$ For convention and also for convenience we have replaced $x$ by $z$.\n\nClearly, $\\mu^{(t)}$ is a well defined positive measure on the unit circle for any $t$ real. ",
"Thus, from now on consider $t \\in (-\\infty, \\infty)$. We denote the $n^{th}$ degree monic orthogonal polynomial and orthonormal polynomial associated with the measure $\\mu^{(t)}$ by $\\Phi_{n}(z; t)$ and $\\varphi_{n}(z; t)$, respectively (see [@Simon-book-p1]). ",
"We also denote the associated Verblunsky coefficients by ${\\mathfrak{a}}_{n}(t)$. That is, $\n {\\mathfrak{a}}_{n}(t) = - \\overline{\\Phi_{n+1}(0; t)},$ $n \\geq 1. ",
"\n$\n\nNow, with a fixed $w$ such that $|w|=1$ and fixed $t$, we consider the L-orthogonal polynomials $Q_{n}(z;t)$ defined by (\\[Eq-Def-Lorthogonality\\]) with $z$ in the place of $x$. The existence of these polynomials and that they satisfy the three term recurrence (\\[eqrrttj\\]), i.e., $$\\label{eqrrttj-CDkerenl1}\n Q_{n+1}(z; t) = [z - \\beta_{n+1}(t)] Q_{n}(z; t) - \\alpha_{n+1}(t)z Q_{n-1}(z; t), \\quad n \\geq 1,$$ with $Q_{0}(z; t) = 1$ and $Q_{1}(z; t) = z- \\beta_{1}(t)$, follow from results given in [@CostaFelixRanga-JAT2013].",
"\n\nThese polynomials are actually the monic kernel polynomials (or monic CD kernel as in Simon [@Simon-book-p1]) with respect to the measure $\\mu^{(t)}$. Precisely, we have $$\\kappa_{n} \\overline{\\varphi_{n}(w;t)}\\, Q_{n}(z; t) = K_{n}^{(t)}(z,w) = \\sum_{j=0}^{n} \\overline{\\varphi_{j}(w;t)} \\,\\varphi_{j}(z;t), \\quad n \\geq 1,$$ where $\\kappa_{n}^{-2} = \\mu_{0}^{(t)} \\prod_{j=0}^{n-1}(1-|{\\mathfrak{a}}_{j}(t)|^2)$ and $\\mu_{0}^{(t)} =\\int_{\\mathbb{T}} d\\mu^{(t)}(z)$. Moreover, for the coefficients $\\beta_{n}(t) = \\beta_{n}(w,t)$ and $\\alpha_{n}(t) = \\alpha_{n}(w,t)$ we have (see [@CostaFelixRanga-JAT2013] (Thm. ",
"$2.1$)), $$\\beta_{n}( t) = - \\frac{\\rho_{n}^{(t)}(w)}{\\rho_{n-1}^{(t)}(w)}, \\quad \\alpha_{n+1}(t) = [1+\\rho_{n}^{(t)}(w) {\\mathfrak{a}}_{n-1}(t)]\\,[1 - \\overline{w\\rho_{n}^{(t)}(w) {\\mathfrak{a}}_{n}(t)}\\,] w,$$ for $n \\geq 1$, where $\\rho_{n}^{(t)}(w) = \\Phi_{n}(w;t)/ \\Phi_{n}^{\\ast}(w;t)$, $n \\geq 0$, and $\\Phi_{n}^{\\ast}(w;t) = w^{n} \\overline{\\Phi_n(1/\\bar{w};t)}$ denotes the reciprocal polynomial of $\\Phi_n(w;t)$.\n\nClearly, by Theorem \\[Thm-toda-general\\] the coefficients $\\beta_n(t)$ and $\\alpha_{n}(t)$ satisfy the extended relativistic Toda lattice equations (\\[Eq-Toda-02\\]) and (\\[Eq-Toda-01\\]), with ${\\mathfrak{p}}= \\overline{{\\mathfrak{q}}}$.\n\nObserve that, different from the results presented in Section \\[Sec-LOrthogonal-RL\\], the coefficients $\\beta_n(t)$ and $\\alpha_{n}(t)$ now are complex valued. ",
"However, by taking $w=1$ we can write the three term recurrence (\\[eqrrttj-CDkerenl1\\]) in a different form which involves only real coefficients.",
"\n\nLet $$\\label{parametricSeq1}\n g_{n}(t) = \\frac{1}{2} \\frac{\\big|1 - \\rho_{n-1}^{(t)} {\\mathfrak{a}}_{n-1}(t)\\big|^2} \n {\\big[1 - {\\mathop{\\rm Re}}[\\rho_{n-1}^{(t)}{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n-1}(t)]\\big]}, \\quad n \\geq 1,$$ where $\\rho_{j}^{(t)} = \\rho_{j}^{(t)}(1)$. It is easy to check that all $g_n(t) \\in (0,1)$, hence the terms of the following sequence are all positive $$\\xi_n(t) = \\xi_0(t) \\prod_{j=1}^{n}\\left(1-g_j(t)\\right), \\quad n \\geq 1, \\qquad \\xi_0(t) := \\int_{\\mathbb{T}} d\\mu^{(t)}(z).$$ With this notation we introduce the normalized CD kernels by $ R_n(z; t) := \\xi_n(t)$ $K_{n}^{(t)}(z,1),$ $n \\geq 0. ",
"$ It turns out (see [@CostaFelixRanga-JAT2013]) that these kernel polynomials, $R_n(z; t)$, satisfy the following three term recurrence relation $$\\label{Eq-TTRR-Rn1}\nR_{n+1}(z; t) = [(1+ic_{n+1}(t))z + (1-ic_{n+1}(t))]\\,R_{n}(z; t) - 4d_{n+1}(t) z\\,R_{n-1}(z; t),$$ for $n \\geq 1$, with $R_{0}(z; t) = 1$ and $R_{1}(z; t)=(1+ic_{1}(t))z+(1-ic_{1}(t))$, where both $\\{c_n(t)\\}_{n \\geq 1}$ and $\\{d_{n+1}(t)\\}_{n \\geq 1}$ are real sequences. ",
"In fact, $$c_{n}(t) = \\frac{{\\mathop{\\rm Im}}(\\rho_{n-1}^{(t)}{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n-1}(t))} {{\\mathop{\\rm Re}}(\\rho_{n-1}^{(t)}{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n-1}(t))-1} \\in \\mathbb{R}\n\\quad \\mbox{and} \\quad \nd_{n+1}(t) = [1-g_{n}(t)] g_{n+1}(t), \\quad n \\geq 1,\n$$ with $g_n(t)$ given by (\\[parametricSeq1\\]). ",
"In the standard terminology, this means that $\\{d_{n+1}(t)\\}_{n \\geq 1}$ is a positive chain sequence for any $t$, and $\\{g_{n+1}(t)\\}_{n\\geq 0}$ is a parameter sequence for $\\{d_{n+1}(t)\\}_{n \\geq 1}$ (for more details on chain sequences see, for example, [@Chihara-book]).",
"\n\nNow, by using Theorem \\[Thm-toda-general\\], we can state the following.",
"\n\n\\[todalortcor\\] The coefficients $c_{n}(t)$ and $d_{n}(t)$ of the three term recurrence relation $(\\ref{Eq-TTRR-Rn1})$ satisfy $$\\begin{array}{rcl}\n \\dot{c}_{1} &=& \\displaystyle -4{\\mathop{\\rm Re}}({\\mathfrak{q}}) \\left[\\frac{d_2\\left(c_1+c_{2}\\right)}{1+c^{2}_{2}}\\right] - 4{\\mathop{\\rm Im}}({\\mathfrak{q}})\\left[\\frac{d_2\\left(1-c_{1}c_{2}\\right)}{1+c^{2}_{2}}\\right]\n\\end{array}$$ and, for $n \\geq 2$, $$\\begin{array}{rcl}\n \\dot{c}_{n} &=& \\displaystyle 4{\\mathop{\\rm Re}}({\\mathfrak{q}})\\left[\\frac{d_n\\left(c_n +c_{n-1}\\right)}{1+c^2_{n-1}}-\\frac{d_{n+1}\\left(c_n+c_{n+1}\\right)}{1+c^2_{n+1}}\\right] \\\\[3.5ex]\n& & \\displaystyle + \\ 4{\\mathop{\\rm Im}}({\\mathfrak{q}})\\left[\\frac{d_n\\left(1-c_nc_{n-1}\\right)}{1+c^2_{n-1}}-\\frac{d_{n+1}\\left(1-c_nc_{n+1}\\right)}{1+c^2_{n+1}}\\right], \n\\end{array}$$ and $$\\begin{array}{rcl}\n\\dot{d}_{n} & = & \\displaystyle 4{\\mathop{\\rm Re}}({\\mathfrak{q}})\\left[\\frac{d_nd_{n-1}}{1+c^2_{n-2}} -\\frac{d_nd_{n+1}}{1+c^2_{n+1}} + \\frac{d_n\\left(1-d_n\\right)\\left(c^2_{n-1}-c^2_{n}\\right)}{\\left(1+c^2_{n}\\right)\\left(1+c^2_{n-1}\\right)} \\right] \\\\[3.5ex]\n& & \\displaystyle - \\ 4{\\mathop{\\rm Im}}({\\mathfrak{q}}) \\left[\\frac{d_n d_{n-1} c_{n-2}}{1+c^2_{n-2}} - \\frac{d_n d_{n+1} c_{n+1}}{1+c^2_{n+1}} + \\frac{d_n\\left(1-d_n\\right)\\left(c_{n}-c_{n-1}\\right)\\left(1-c_{n}c_{n-1}\\right)}{\\left(1+c^2_{n}\\right)\\left(1+c^2_{n-1}\\right)}\\right],\n\\end{array}$$ with $c_{0}(t) = 1$ and $d_{1}(t) = 0$. Here, we have also omitted the time variable $t$.\n\nSince, $Q_{n}(z; t) \\prod_{k=1}^{n}(1+ic_{k}(t)) = R_{n}(z; t)$, $n \\geq 1$, the coefficients $\\beta_{n}(t)$, $\\alpha_{n}(t)$, $c_{n}(t)$ and $d_{n}(t)$ which appear in the three term recurrence relations (\\[eqrrttj-CDkerenl1\\]) and (\\[Eq-TTRR-Rn1\\]) are such that $$\\label{betan-xin-for-cn-dn}\n\\beta_{n}(t)=-\\frac{1-ic_{n}(t)}{1+ic_{n}(t)}\\quad\\mbox{and}\\quad\\alpha_{n}(t)=\\frac{4d_{n}(t)}{(1+ic_{n}(t))(1-ic_{n-1}(t))},$$ for $n\\geq1,$ with $c_{0}(t)=1$ and $d_{1}(t)= 0$. Notice that differentiating $\\beta_{n}(t)$ given by (\\[betan-xin-for-cn-dn\\]) with respect to $t$, we obtain $$\\label{deriv-betan}\n\\frac{\\dot{\\beta}_{n}(t)}{\\beta_{n}(t)}=-i\\frac{2\\dot{c}_{n}(t)}{1+c_{n}^2(t)},\\quad n\\geq1.$$ Consequently since the coefficients $\\beta_{n}(t)$ and $\\alpha_{n}(t)$ satisfy (\\[Eq-Toda-02\\]), using (\\[betan-xin-for-cn-dn\\]) and (\\[deriv-betan\\]), we conclude that, for $n\\geq1$, $$\\begin{array}{rcl}\n\\hspace*{-3ex} \\dot{c}_{n}(t)&=&\\displaystyle 2({\\mathfrak{p}}+{\\mathfrak{q}}) \\left\\{\\frac{d_{n}(t)[c_n(t)+c_{n-1}(t)]}{1+c^2_{n-1}(t)}-\\frac{d_{n+1}(t)[c_n(t)+c_{n+1}(t)]}{1+c^2_{n+1}(t)} \\right\\}\\\\[3ex]\n& & \\displaystyle + i \\, 2({\\mathfrak{p}}-{\\mathfrak{q}}) \\left\\{\\frac{d_{n}(t)[1-c_n(t)c_{n-1}(t)]}{1+c^2_{n-1}(t)}-\\frac{d_{n+1}(t)[1-c_n(t)c_{n+1}(t)]}{1+c^2_{n+1}(t)}\\right\\}.",
"\n\\end{array}$$ Hence, the expression for $\\dot{c}_{n}(t)$ in Theorem \\[todalortcor\\] is a consequence of ${\\mathfrak{p}}= \\overline{{\\mathfrak{q}}}$. In a similar manner, using the value of $\\alpha_{n}(t)$ given by (\\[betan-xin-for-cn-dn\\]), one can also prove the expression for $\\dot{d}_{n}(t)$. [[$\\rule{2.0mm}{2.0mm}$]{}]{}\n\nTo obtain a special case of the results presented in Theorem \\[todalortcor\\], we assume that the measure $\\mu$ satisfies the symmetry $d\\mu(e^{i\\theta}) = -d\\mu(e^{i(2\\pi-\\theta)})$ and that ${\\mathfrak{q}}$ is real. ",
"Hence, the measure $\\mu^{(t)}$ also satisfies the same symmetry and, as a consequence, ${\\mathfrak{a}}_{n-1}(t)$ is real and $ \\rho_{n}^{(t)}(1) = 1, n \\geq 1. ",
"$ This leads to the following corollary of Theorem \\[todalortcor\\].",
"\n\nIf $\\mu$ is such that $d\\mu(e^{i\\theta}) = -d\\mu(e^{i(2\\pi-\\theta)})$ and ${\\mathfrak{q}}$ is real then $c_{n}(t) = 0$ for $n \\geq 1$, and $d_n(t)$ satisfy $$\\label{langd}\n \\dot{d}_{n} = \\displaystyle 4{\\mathfrak{q}}\\, d_{n} \\left(d_{n-1} -d_{n+1} \\right), \\quad n \\geq 2,$$ with $d_{1}(t)= 0$.\n\nNotice that the relation obtained in (\\[langd\\]) is a type of Langmuir lattice.",
"\n\nFrom orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle {#Sec-OPUC}\n==============================================\n\nLet $\\mu$ be a positive measure defined on the unit circle $\\mathbb{T}$ and let $$\\mathcal{L}[f] = \\int_{\\mathbb{T}} f(z) zd \\mu(z) \\quad \\mbox{and} \\quad \\mathcal{L}^{(t)}[f] = \\int_{\\mathbb{T}} f(z) zd\\mu^{(t)}(z),$$ where $$d\\mu^{(t)}(z) = e ^{-t \\left(\\overline{{\\mathfrak{q}}}z+ {\\mathfrak{q}}/z \\right)} d \\mu(z) = e^{-2t[{\\mathop{\\rm Re}}({\\mathfrak{q}})\\cos \\theta + {\\mathop{\\rm Im}}({\\mathfrak{q}}) \\sin \\theta]} d \\mu(e^{i\\theta}).$$ Clearly, in this case the monic L-orthogonal polynomials $Q_n(z;t)$ defined by (\\[Eq-Def-Lorthogonality\\]) (with $z$ in the place of $x$) for any $t$ fixed are actually the orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle, $\\Phi_{n}(z;t)$, with respect to the measure $\\mu^{(t)}$. Again, we will denote the associated Verblunsky coefficients and the associated reciprocal polynomials of $\\Phi_n(w;t)$, respectively, by ${\\mathfrak{a}}_{n}(t)$ and $\\Phi_{n}^{\\ast}(w;t)$, $n \\geq 0$. It is known (see [@Simon-book-p1]) that the polynomials $Q_n(z;t) = \\Phi_{n}(z;t)$ satisfy the relations $$\\label{relaOPUC}\n\\begin{array}{l}\n Q_n(z;t) = z Q_{n-1}(z;t) - \\overline{{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n-1}(t)}\\, Q_{n-1}^{\\ast}(z;t), \\\\[1.5ex]\n Q_n(z;t) = (1 - |{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n-1}(t)|^2) z Q_{n-1}(z;t) - \\overline{{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n-1}(t)} Q_{n}^{\\ast}(z;t),\n\\end{array} \\quad n \\geq 1,$$ with $ Q_0(z;t)=1$ and $Q_{0}^{\\ast}(z;t)=1$.\n\nThe existence of those polynomials are guaranteed by the positiveness of the measure $\\mu^{(t)}$. That is, with the moments $$\\label{Eq-Moments-OPUC}\n \\nu_{k}^{(t)} = \\mathcal{L}^{(t)}[z^{k}], \\quad k=0, \\pm1, \\pm2, \\ldots ,$$ the associated Hankel determinants satisfy condition (a) of (\\[Eq-newHankelCond\\]). ",
"However, in general one can not assure condition (b) of (\\[Eq-newHankelCond\\]).",
"\n\nIt is well known that the sequence of the Verblunsky coefficients ${\\mathfrak{a}}_{n}(t)$ associated with the measure $ d\\mu^{(t)}(z) = e ^{t \\left(z+ 1/z \\right)} d \\mu(z) $ satisfies the so-called Schur flow equation $$\\dot{{\\mathfrak{a}}}_{n} = (1-|{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n}|^2)\\left({\\mathfrak{a}}_{n+1} - {\\mathfrak{a}}_{n-1}\\right),$$ see, for example, [@AmmarGragg; @gol2006; @muka-Naka2002]. ",
"In [@gol2006] a Lax representation for the Schur flow equations was obtained by using the CMV matrices (see [@CMV2003] for more details about CMV matrices).",
"\n\nIn [@Nenciu2005] the connection between of the Verblunsky coefficients and the defocusing Ablowitz-Ladik system $$i \\dot{{\\mathfrak{a}}}_{n} = {\\mathfrak{a}}_{n+1} -2{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n} + {\\mathfrak{a}}_{n-1} - |{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n}|^2\\left({\\mathfrak{a}}_{n+1} - {\\mathfrak{a}}_{n-1}\\right).$$ was established. ",
"Moreover, also in [@Nenciu2005], by using the CMV matrices and by defining certain Hamiltonians, a Lax representation for the defocusing Ablowitz-Ladik system was given, with emphasis for the [*p*]{}–periodic Verblunsky coefficients, i.e., when ${\\mathfrak{a}}_{n+p} = {\\mathfrak{a}}_{p}.$\\\n[**Assumption**]{}: Let the moments (\\[Eq-Moments-OPUC\\]) be such that condition (b) of (\\[Eq-newHankelCond\\]) also hold.\\\nWith this assumption we also have ${\\mathfrak{a}}_{n}(t) \\neq 0$, $n \\geq 0$. In this case, using (\\[relaOPUC\\]), we can see that the polynomials $Q_n(z;t)$ satisfy the three term recurrence relation $$\\label{Eq-TTRR-OPUC}\n Q_{n+1}(z; t) = [z - \\beta_{n+1}(t)] Q_{n}(z; t) - \\alpha_{n+1}(t)\\,z Q_{n-1}(z; t), \\quad n \\geq 1,$$ with $Q_{0}(z; t) = 1$ and $Q_{1}(z; t) = z- \\beta_{1}(t)$, where $\\beta_{1}(t) = \\overline{{\\mathfrak{a}}_{0}(t)}$, $$\\beta_{n+1}(t) = -\\frac{\\overline{{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n}(t)}}{\\overline{{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n-1}(t)}} \\quad \\mbox{and} \\quad \\alpha_{n+1}(t) = \\frac{\\overline{{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n}(t)}}{\\overline{{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n-1}(t)}} (1 - |{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n-1}(t)|^2), \\quad n \\geq 1.$$ Since $\\overline{{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n}(t)} = (-1)^{n} \\beta_{1}(t) \\beta_{2}(t) \\cdots \\beta_{n+1}(t)$, observe that $$\\frac{\\overline{\\dot{{\\mathfrak{a}}}_{n}(t)}}{\\overline{{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n}(t)}} = \\sum_{j=1}^{n+1} \\frac{\\dot{\\beta}_{j}(t)}{\\beta_{j}(t)}, \\quad n \\geq 0.$$ Thus, from (\\[soma\\_dos\\_betas\\]), we find $\n \\overline{\\dot{{\\mathfrak{a}}}_{n}(t)} = (1-|{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n}(t)|^2)\\left[{\\mathfrak{q}}\\,\\overline{{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n-1}(t)} - \\overline{{\\mathfrak{q}}}\\, \\overline{{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n+1}(t)}\\right], $ $ n \\geq 1. ",
"\n$\n\nHence, we can state the following result.",
"\n\n\\[Thm-Schur\\] Let $\\mu$ be a positive measure on the unit circle, and let $\\{{\\mathfrak{a}}_n(t)\\}_{n=0}^{\\infty}$ be the Verblunsky coefficients associated with the measure $\\mu^{(t)}$ given by $ d \\mu^{(t)}(z) = e ^{-t \\left(\\overline{{\\mathfrak{q}}}z + \\frac{{\\mathfrak{q}}}{z}\\right)}$ $d \\mu(z).$ Assuming that the Verblunsky coefficients are all different from zero we obtain the following $$\\label{Eq-Schur}\n \\dot{{\\mathfrak{a}}}_{n} = (1-|{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n}|^2)\\left(\\overline{{\\mathfrak{q}}}\\,{\\mathfrak{a}}_{n-1} - {\\mathfrak{q}}\\, {\\mathfrak{a}}_{n+1}\\right), \\quad n \\geq 1.$$\n\nBecause of the approach used in this manuscript, we had to assume that the all the Verblunsky coefficients ${\\mathfrak{a}}_{n}(t)$ are different from zero to obtain the results of Theorem [\\[Thm-Schur\\]]{}. ",
"But, this restriction is not necessary in the equation $(\\ref{Eq-Schur})$.\n\nThe system of nonlinear difference differential equations $(\\ref{Eq-Schur})$ also satisfies the Schur flow equation.",
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"The second author was supported by grant from CAPES of Brazil.",
"\n"
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[
"[Effect of electromagnetic radiation of the decimetric wave range on myocardium cell membranes].",
"\nThe decrease in the rate of lipid peroxidation and the increase in te fluorescence of chlortetracycline, bound with calcium ions absorbed on membrane surface after exposure thereof to decimeter waves, were revealed in myocardium cell membranes. ",
"Opposite changes were observed after the effect of p- chlormercuribenzoate . ",
"The effect of decimeter waves compensated the p- chlormercuribenzoate -induced changes."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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"Elucidating the role of select cytoplasmic proteins in altering diffusion of integrin receptors.",
"\nCytoplasmic proteins that affect integrin diffusion in the cell membrane are identified using a combination of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and RNA interference. ",
"Integrin receptors are essential for many cellular events, and alterations in lateral diffusion are one mechanism for modulating their function. ",
"In cells expressing native cytoplasmic protein concentrations and spread on a slide containing integrin extracellular ligand, 45 ± 2% of the integrin is mobile with a time-dependent 5.2 ± 0.9 × 10(-9) cm(2)/s diffusion coefficient at 1 s. The time exponent is 0.90 ± 0.07, indicating integrin diffusion moderately slows at longer times. ",
"The role of a specific cytoplasmic protein in altering integrin diffusion is revealed through changes in the FRAP curve after reducing the cytoplasmic protein's expression. ",
"Decreased expression of cytoplasmic proteins rhea, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), or steamer duck decreases the integrin mobile fraction. ",
"For rhea and FAK, there is a concomitant shift to Brownian (i.e., time-independent) diffusion at reduced concentrations of these proteins. ",
"In contrast, when the expression of actin 42A, dreadlocks, paxillin, integrin-linked kinase (ILK), or vinculin is reduced, integrin diffusion generally becomes more constrained with an increase in the integrin mobile fraction. ",
"This same change in integrin diffusion is measured in the absence of integrin extracellular ligand. ",
"The results indicate breaking the extracellular ligand-integrin-cytoskeletal linkage alters integrin diffusion properties, and, in most cases, there is no correlation between integrin and lipid diffusion properties."
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"Capillary electrophoresis for pharmacokinetic studies.",
"\nDifferent analytical techniques involving capillary electrophoresis for the determination of drugs and metabolites in biological fluids are described. ",
"Pharmacokinetic studies carried out using capillary electrophoresis are presented, as well as the in vitro metabolism investigations. ",
"The advantages and the limitations of capillary electrophoresis for pharmacokinetic studies are discussed."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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[
"Q:\n\nneo4j migration from different machines\n\nI have neo4j 1.8.M05 on a windows machine. ",
"I have installed the same version on a linux machine (ubuntu) and want to migrate data to linux. ",
"should I xcopy the /data folder? ",
"just /data/graph.db? ",
"or something else?",
"\n\nA:\n\njust /data/graph.db works fine as michael mentions\n\n"
] | {
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[
"Kankakee Outwash Plain\n\nThe Kankakee Outwash Plain is a flat plain interspersed with sand dunes in the Kankakee River valley in northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois of the United States. ",
"It is just south of the Valparaiso Moraine and was formed during the Wisconsin Glaciation. ",
"As the glacier, stopped at the Valparaiso Moraine, melted, the meltwater was carried away to the outwash plain. ",
"On the south side of the moraine, where the elevation drops, the meltwaters eroded away valleys, carrying sand and mud with them. ",
"As the muddy meltwater reached the valley where the slope lessened, the water slowed down, depositing the sand on the outwash plain. ",
"This created a smooth, flat, and sandy plain. ",
"Before its draining, the Kankakee Marsh, located on the outwash plain, was one of the largest freshwater marshes in the United States.",
"\n\nGlacial plain\nThe Grand Kankakee Marsh is the result of the last glacial age. ",
" The Wisconsin Glacial Episode began 70,000 years ago and removed all traces of the previous glacial topography. ",
"It wasn't until the last 3,000 years that the glaciers left the topography we know today. ",
"Beginning around 15,000 years ago, the Michigan lobe to the north and the Huron-Saginaw lobe to the east retreated back, leaving the area that was to become the Kankakee's valley clear of ice. ",
"Beginning 14,000 years ago, the head of the glacier stood along a line across the middle of Lake, Porter, and LaPorte counties. ",
"Melting ceased to outpace the arrival of new ice from the north. ",
"Over thousands of years, the glacier moved ground rock and soil southward, only to release along this edge of ice, building up a ridge that matched the front of the glacier. ",
"This formed the Valparaiso Moraine.",
"\n\nAs soil built up along this front, the spring and summer melt was releasing large volumes of water, which moved and sorted the soils. ",
"South of the glacial front, water accumulated faster than it could drain, forming a glacial lake Kankakee. ",
"Today, the bedrock is hidden deep beneath the sediments left by the glaciers, but it still played a role in developing the lay of the land. ",
"At Momence, Illinois, a ridge of limestone was exposed at the surface. ",
"Here, all the water flowing off the front of the glacier had to pass westward, for south of glacial Lake Kankakee, the Iroquois Moraine blocked all drainage. ",
"Slight though it might be, it was higher than the limestone ridge. ",
"Between the Iroquois Moraine and the Momence Ridge, the waters from the glacier collected.",
"\n\nLacustrine deposits are those deposited in lake water, and only when the lake drains or the land rises does it become dry land. ",
"Most of the soils throughout the counties surrounding the Kankakee are loamy (up to a quarter clay, quarter to half silt, with less than half being sand). ",
"The outwash plain is underlain by sand, with gravel inter-bedded throughout. ",
"The prevailing westerly winds began to treat the shores of \"Lake Kankakee\" like the shores of Lake Michigan. ",
"Dunes began to form along the southern and eastern shoreline. ",
"Where ice blocks had been left behind, sand filled the depressions. ",
"Runoff from the Valparaiso Moraine built outwash ridges of sand leading into the lake. ",
"On the south, the winds built dunes.",
"\n\nAs the volume of water decreased from the glacier melting northward, the lake slowly drained and filled. ",
"Not being able to cut a channel through the limestone ridge in Momence, the Kankakee Lake became of marshland.",
"\n\nThe outer margin of the Valparaiso Moraine extends from Porter County east into Michigan. ",
" It consists of an extensive outwash apron. ",
"It slopes to the southeast over an to distance, dropping from or to above sea level. ",
" It is a gravel plain, which is dissected by Crooked Creek and Mill Creek.",
"\n\nLocation\nThe Kankakee Outwash Plain is located on the southern side of the Valparaiso Moraine. ",
"It stretches from just west of the Illinois and Indiana border near Momence, Illinois, along the Kankakee River valley eastward in a northeast arc towards South Bend. ",
"In Porter County, Indiana, the plain begins to widen out. ",
"It stretches south from Valparaiso to below the Kankakee River, nearly wide. ",
" Moving eastward, the outwash plain in LaPorte County stretches from I-80/90 to the Kankakee River along the Starke County line. ",
"As the plain nears South Bend, it compresses between the Valparaiso Moraine, which forms a line from south of Michigan City toward Grand Rapids, Michigan, and the till plain from the Saginaw ice lobe. ",
"Along the Michigan and Indiana border, the outwash plain forms a band along the St. Joseph River. ",
" The outwash plain comes to an end in LaGrange County, Indiana, east of the border with Elkhart County.",
"\nThe outer margin of the Valparaiso Moraine from Porter County extends east into Michigan. ",
" It consists of an extensive outwash apron. ",
"Slopes to the southeast over an to distance, dropping from or to above sea level. ",
" It is gravel plain, which is dissected by Crooked Creek and Mill Creek.",
"\n\n Kankakee River Plain; - The largest unit of outwash is along the Kankakee River from South Bend to the Illinois border. ",
" It is to wide including the Kankakee Marsh and the surrounding sand and gravel plains.",
"\n Tippicanoe- Iroquois plain - The next largest unit is along the Tippecanoe River in Fulton County. ",
" It extends north into Starke County near Ora. ",
" It extends south and west to Monticello and across the southern halves of Jasper County and Newton County and northern White County. ",
" This area is drained by Monon Creek and the Iroquois River.",
"\n Marseilles moraine – this is atypical of the region. ",
" It is a narrow band of rising ground, which disappears in the east into the lacustrine sand plain.",
"\n St. Joseph, Kalamazoo, and Dowagiac rivers - This section is mostly in southwest Michigan with a portion in northern Indiana east of South Bend on the St.. Joseph River. ",
" This was the drainage area of three lobes of the Laurentian glacier.",
"\n\nNew theory\nRecent research on the \"Sand Islands\" of the Kankakee reveal that the sand is the same type and age as the sands deep in the dunes along Lake Michigan. ",
"According to Valparaiso University professor Ron Janke, this would mean that the dunes south of the Kankakee River were formed before the Valparaiso Moraine and at a time when current theories believe the northern stretches of Indiana were still under the glacial ice.",
"\n\nSee also \n Kankakee River\n Kankakee, Illinois\n Kankakee Torrent\n\nGeologic features, north to south:\n Calumet Shoreline\n Glenwood Shoreline\n Tinley Moraine\n Valparaiso Moraine\n\nFootnotes\n\nSources\nSchoon, Kenneth J., Calumet Beginnings, 2003, Indiana University Press, p. 24 \n1816-1966, Natural Features of Indiana; Indiana Academy of Science, Indiana State Library, Indianapolis, 1966, Symposium, April 22–23, 1966, Wabash College, Crawfordsville, IN\nSoil Survey of Porter County, Indiana; USDA, Soil Conservation Service, Purdue University, Agricultural Experiment Station, IDNR, Soil and Water Conservation Committee; 1976\nKankakee Project: Sand Islands Reveal new, Old Clues, VU Professor finds surprising evidence for origin of dunes; Charles M. Bartholomew; Post Tribune, July 6, 2008\n\nExternal links\n, documentary\n\nCategory:Glaciology of the United States\nCategory:Landforms of Indiana\nCategory:Landforms of Illinois\nCategory:Glacial landforms"
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[
"Bipolar transistors are devices with two p-n junctions that are in close proximity to each other. ",
"A typical bipolar transistor has three device regions: an emitter, a collector, and a base disposed between the emitter and the collector. ",
"Ideally, the two p-n junctions, i.e., the emitter-base and collector-base junctions, are in a single layer of semiconductor material separated by a specific distance. ",
"Modulation of the current flow in one p-n junction by changing the bias of the nearby junction is called “bipolar-transistor action.”",
"\nIf the emitter and collector are doped n-type and the base is doped p-type, the device is an “npn” transistor. ",
"Alternatively, if the opposite doping configuration is used, the device is a “pnp” transistor. ",
"Because the mobility of minority carriers, i.e., electrons, in the base region of npn transistors is higher than that of holes in the base of pnp transistors, higher-frequency operation and higher-speed performances can be obtained with npn transistor devices. ",
"Therefore, npn transistors comprise the majority of bipolar transistors used to build integrated circuits.",
"\nAs the vertical dimensions of the bipolar transistor are scaled more and more, serious device operational limitations have been encountered. ",
"One actively studied approach to overcome these limitations is to build transistors with emitter materials whose band gaps are larger than the band gaps of the material used in the base. ",
"Such structures are called heterojunction transistors.",
"\nHeterostructures comprising heterojunctions can be used for both majority carrier and minority carrier devices. ",
"Among majority carrier devices, heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) in which the emitter is formed of silicon (Si) and the base of a silicon-germanium (SiGe) alloy have recently been developed. ",
"The SiGe alloy (often expressed simply as silicon-germanium) is narrower in band gap than silicon.",
"\nSiGe HBT technology has come of age as an important semiconductor technology for both wired and wireless telecommunication applications because of its superior analog and RF performance, together with its complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integration capability. ",
"By employing bandgap engineering, SiGe HBTs outperform Si BJTs in nearly every important performance metric and, in several areas, provide improved performance over III-V compound semiconductor HBTs.",
"\nThe incorporation of carbon, C into the SiGe heterojunction bipolar device's base region by using an epitaxy process has been carried out in the prior art to prevent the out-diffusion of boron into the adjacent emitter, collector or both the emitter and collector. ",
"The foregoing is disclosed, for example, in H. J. Osten, et al., “",
"Carbon Doped SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor for High Frequency Applications”, IEEE/BCTM, 1999, p. 169.",
"\nBoth boron, B and phosphorus, P diffusion in silicon occurs via an interstitial mechanism and the diffusion is proportional to the concentration of silicon self-interstitials formed by dopant implantation, oxidation and other like processes. ",
"Arsenic enhanced diffusion is caused by vacancies. ",
"Diffusion of carbon out of a carbon-rich region causes an under-saturation of silicon self-interstitials by a mechanism known as “kick-out”. ",
"As a result, the interstitial assisted dopant diffusion in these regions will be suppressed.",
"\nU.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"6,534,371 B2 to Coolbaugh, et al., ",
"entitled “C Implant for Improved SiGe Bipolar Yield” provides a method in which C is implanted into various regions or parts of the SiGe bipolar device to control or prevent bipolar shorts between the emitter, base and the collector.",
"\nDespite the prior art mentioned above, there is a continued need to boost the performance of bipolar devices, especially SiGe HBTs. ",
"In particular, there is a need for providing a new and improved method for improving the performance of bipolar devices."
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[
"Nordic Semiconductor has announced the nRF52840, a Bluetooth-5-ready system on chip (SoC) for smart home and advanced wearables applications, as well as industrial sensors and other Internet of Things (IoT) devices. ",
"Built on the existing nRF52 Series architectures, the nRF52840 SoC employs a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4F processor clocked at 64 MHz and offers hardware enhancements including a generic CPU; floating point, and DSP performance; 1 MB of Flash memory and 256 kB of RAM memory; the ARM CryptoCell-310 cryptographic accelerator plus crypto ciphers and key generation and storage options; a new radio architecture with on-chip power analysis (PA); support for Bluetooth 5, 802.15.4, ANT, and proprietary 2.4 GHz wireless technologies; a USB 2.0 controller; and a host of peripherals (many with EasyDMA) including a quad-SPI interface. ",
"The nRF52840 can also operate from power supplies above 5V, such as re-chargeable battery power sources.",
"\n\n\"With ARM CryptoCell hardware on-chip we are equipping developers with the very best-in-class hardware and software security options to build secure products,” said Thomas Bonnerud, Director of Product Management at Nordic Semiconductor. “",
"The nRF52840 SoC with its hardware enhancements, Bluetooth 5 range and bandwidth improvements, and 802.15.4 support, is the latest embodiment of that intention.\"",
"\n\nThe introduction of the nRF52840 SoC will be accompanied by the release of the S140 SoftDevice RF protocol software stack. ",
"The S140 SoftDevice is a Bluetooth 5-compliant software stack with support for the long range and high data throughput features of Bluetooth 5.",
"\n\nNordic will release its S140 SoftDevice and associated nRF5 SDK with support for Bluetooth 5 long-range and high-throughput modes upon ratification of the Bluetooth 5 standard in early December. ",
"Engineering samples and development kits are available to order from Nordic's global distribution network. ",
"Production variants of the nRF52840 will be available in Q4 2017."
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[
"Experiential Programs\n\nAt the College of Business, we realize that one of the keys to a great experience is putting your education into action – which is why our hands-on, experiential learning programs are such a good complement to your work in the classroom.",
"\n\nThe Austin Entrepreneurship Program at Weatherford Residential College is one of the largest entrepreneurship programs in the United States. ",
"It is also one of the few that allow freshmen to become fully immersed in entrepreneurial learning and activities, including the opportunity to create their own business.",
"\n\nThe Austin Family Business Program is a resource for family business and prepares them to balance the well-being of the business, the family and individuals.",
"\n\nThe Close to the Customer Project provides professional market research and consulting services delivered by faculty/student teams. ",
"Students have the opportunity to work directly with faculty, industry professionals and potential employers.",
"\n\nThe Oregon State University Advantage Accelerator brings cutting edge ideas to market by connecting innovators and entrepreneurs to the resources they need for success, assisting technology-based early stage companies from the mid-Willamette Valley and extended Oregon State University community. ",
"Students have the opportunity to join the program as interns and work with businesses through entrepreneurship courses.",
"\n\nHowever you choose to engage, you’ll get to bring your learning beyond the classroom in the College of Business…and prepare yourself to design your future."
] | {
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[
"Q:\n\nCan Apple TV work over network only, without the need for HDMI\n\nMy firm are considering buying an Apple TV box for our new boardroom, so that presentations can be shown directly on the TV, but there is some information about the device that I am unable to find.",
"\nDoes Apple TV work over network only (providing TV and Apple TV are on the same network)? ",
"We are not interested in the apps like Netflix, etc, so we would like to avoid connecting the device via HDMI and thus keep it hidden.",
"\n\nA:\n\nNo, the Apple TV video output works solely via HDMI. ",
"Audio can also go via optical out. ",
"The Apple TV is an AirPlay receiver. ",
"What you are suggesting is an AirPlay transmitter, like the iPad and iPhone are, which send a video or audio stream to an AirPlay receiver, like the Apple TV. ",
"You won't get around to connecting the Apple TV to the actual display with HDMI. ",
"\nThe Apple TV itself is very small, so you should be able to mount it next to or behind the TV / display. ",
"Hiding the Apps is only a cosmetic change. ",
"If you don't provide a remote, and set a screen saver which shows e.g. your corporate logo, people will probably not even see the apps, but still be able to connect to the Apple TV via AirPlay.",
"\n\n"
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[
"76 U.S. 295\n19 L.Ed. ",
"694\n9 Wall. ",
"295\nLOBRANOv.",
"NELLIGAN.",
"\nDecember Term, 1869\n\nIn error to the Supreme Court of Louisiana; the case being thus:\nBy the civil code of Louisiana the father is the administrator of the estate of his minor children, and does not, as in communities where the common law prevails, give personal security for the fidelity of his administration, but his immovable property is tacitly mortgaged in favor of the minor from the day of his appointment, as security for his administration, and for the responsibility resulting from it.",
"\nIn this condition of the general law on the subject, the legislature empowered James Robb, of New Orleans, to sell his real estate under certain conditions, and directed so much of the proceeds of the sale as should be coming to his children to be invested for their benefit, subject to the approval of the Probate Court, in certain species of securities, which could not be assigned or transferred until the termination of the administration. ",
"Power was given to the court to discharge the mortgage to the children, on compliance with the conditions imposed in the act. ",
"And the court having so discharged the mortgage to the children, Robb sold the property to one Nelligan. ",
"Nelligan in turn sold it to one Lobrano. ",
"Lobrano, however, refused to complete the purchase, assigning as a cause that the property was subject to a legal mortgage in favor of the minor children, and that the act of the legislature by virtue of which it was pretended that the mortgage was raised and cancelled, impaired the obligation of a contract, and was, therefore, unconstitutional and void. ",
"Suit being brought by Nelligan against Lobrano for the purchase-money, and the plea of unconstitutionality being set up, the Supreme Court of Louisiana held that the statute impaired no contract and was valid. ",
"Lobrano then brought the case here.",
"\n\nMr. Durant, for the plaintiff in error:\n\nBy the law of Louisiana guardianship imports a mortgage on the property of the guardian in favor of the minor. ",
"The guardian and the minor stand then in relation to one another as parties to a contract. ",
"And the contract is not the less a contract because the obligation is incurred by the obligor (the guardian) without any express agreement on the part of the obligee (the minor). ",
"The act of the legislature of Louisiana impaired this obligation by relieving the property of Robb from the mortgage, and leaving the minors without security.",
"\nMr. J. P. Horner, contra.",
"\nMr. Justice DAVIS delivered the opinion of the court.",
"\n\n\n1\nIt is contended that the statute authorizing Robb to sell is invalid, because it impaired the obligation of a contract; but we think this a mistaken view of the subject. ",
"It is certain there was no contract to violate, which the parties themselves had any hand in making, and the inquiry arises whether the law has made one for them which has been impaired by this statute. ",
"It will not be questioned that the legislature possesses the power to determine by law the manner in which the estates of infants shall be preserved, and to say what kind of security shall be given by those who are intrusted with their management, and, if so, as a necessary consequence, it has the power of altering the law on the subject, whenever in its judgment the interest of the minors or the public good requires that it should be done.",
"\n\n\n2\nIn most of the States of the Union the guardian of the property of a minor gives bond, with personal securities, for his faithful conduct; but in Louisiana, in case the father occupies that relation, a different security has been provided, for his entire real estate is bound for the proper discharge of his trust. ",
"The security is called a tacit mortgage, which is nothing more than a regulation by law, to assure the property of the minor in the custody of the parent against loss. ",
"The legislature thought proper to adopt this measure of protection as a general policy on the subject to which it relates, and as there is no constitutional restraint on its action in this regard, it can change or modify this policy whenever it thinks proper to do so. ",
"And it has so far modified it, that the natural tutor of his minor child can at any time remove the general lien on his real estate, by executing a mortgage on a specific part of it, which he is at liberty to change to other property. ",
"This course of proceeding, authorized as early as 1830, must have been generally adopted, and although the security for the minor is actually lessened by it, as a part is taken in pledge where the whole was previously bound, it does not appear that the constitutionality of the statute has ever been questioned. ",
"The wisdom of the measure is apparent, for the public good requires that the power to alienate real estate should be restricted as little as possible, and this consideration doubtless induced the legislature to depart from its original policy, which made the transfer of real estate, when owned by a parent whose minor children had property, very difficult.",
"\n\n\n3\nThe principle which allows a change of security at all, necessarily leaves the legislative power over the whole subject unabridged, and there is no right of complaint, if the legislature, in varying the nature and extent of the security, takes care that the property is preserved.",
"\n\n\n4\nA contrary doctrine, if carried to its legitimate conclusion, would seriously interfere with the ability of the legislature to perform one of its most important duties. ",
"Charged as it is with the duty of preserving the estate of the minor, it could not change the character of the security, which it had at one period accepted as sufficient for the purpose, although it should turn out to be wholly inadequate to accomplish the object. ",
"It is not to be presumed the legislature will lessen the security, except for good cause, nor jeopard by its course of action the estate of the minor, but, should such be the case, the corrective cannot be applied by this court.",
"\n\n\n5\nBy the statute in question, which was intended to benefit the minor children of Robb, and was an indirect mode of investing their means, under legislative direction, a change of security has been effected, and nothing more, and we cannot see how these minors, in the proper sense of the term, have been divested of any right in consequence of this change. ",
"Be this as it may, the legislature never contracted with them, or with any one in their behalf, not to use its power in this regard, and there being no contract to violate, there is no question in this case which this court can review.",
"\n\n\n6\nJUDGMENT AFFIRMED.",
"\n\n"
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[
"European Affairs\n\nEurope’s central bank announced last week it will taper its unprecedented stimulus by reducing purchases of debt (“lower for longer”) and holding interest rates steady, tactics calibrated to support Europe’s accelerating recovery, curtail the euro’s recent appreciation, and stoke inflation’s embers.",
"\n\nThe Frankfurt-based institution will cut its monthly purchases of government and corporate bonds by half starting in January to $35 billion (€30 billion) and continue that pace until at least through September next year. ",
"Nearly three years ago, the bank began buying assets, including public and private bonds, to stabilize the euro, hold interest rates low, and pump more money into the economy. ",
"These “quantitative easing” measures augmented the negative interest rates the bank had set.[1]\n\nAll these measures were aimed at fulfilling the pledge of ECB President Mario Draghi to “do whatever it takes” – the so-called bazooka option – to avoid asset deflation and turbo-charge Europe’s economy in the wake of the crippling global financial crisis.",
"\n\nScaling back the debt purchases – the so-called “recalibration” – again demonstrated the mastery of Draghi in negotiating the straits between the hawks, wanting a more aggressive retreat of “easy money” to avert an asset-inflation bubble, and the doves, wanting to down-throttle more slowly to ensure the recovery isn’t impaired.[2] Both camps will become more vocal as members of the bank’s governing board position themselves to be candidates for Draghi’s job before he leaves on November 1, 2019.[3] (Germany Bundesbank President, Jens Weidmann, a hawk on monetary policy and a leading contender for Draghi’s job, criticized the ECB’s announcement the next day in a public speech about the future of Europe’s monetary union. “",
"From my view a clear end of the net purchases would have been appropriate.”)",
"\n\nThe \"monetary policy decisions were taken to preserve the very favorable financing conditions that are still needed for a sustained return of inflation rates towards levels that are below, but close to, 2%,\" Draghi said at last Thursday’s (October 26) press conference after the decision. \"",
"The recalibration of our asset purchases reflects growing confidence in the gradual convergence of inflation rates towards our inflation aim, on account of the increasingly robust and broad-based economic expansion, an uptick in measures of underlying inflation and the continued effective pass-through of our policy measures to the financing conditions of the real economy.\"",
"\n\nThe zero interest policy was left unchanged. ",
"Draghi said rates will remain “at the present level for an extended period of time, and well past the horizon of our net asset purchases.” ",
"ECB observers believe that means interest rates will not budge until 2019 if current trends continue.",
"\n\nAbsent was any mention of how the ECB eventually planned to reduce the size of its balance sheet, or what it will do with proceeds from the maturing bonds it holds. ",
"These resources will cushion the bank’s slow move away from an era of easy money.",
"\n\nDraghi stressed the bank’s flexibility in its steps ahead, noting that the strength of Europe’s rebound, the inflation rate (almost two percent is ECB’s target), and the euro’s value will all be monitored closely in determining what the ECB will do next. ",
"The bank is \"ready\" to increase bond buying \"if the outlook becomes less favorable, or if financial conditions become inconsistent with further progress towards a sustained adjustment in the path of inflation.",
"”[4]\n\nIn response, the euro slid 1.4 percent against the dollar on the day of the announcement, its biggest daily decline in European trading since the U.K.’s Brexit vote last year, the downward move wiping out all of the euro’s gains from the quarter’s start. ",
"That eased concerns that the euro’s ascent was threatening export demand and could undermine Europe’s recovery. ",
"Bonds, though, rallied, with the yield on the German 10-year Bund falling 4 basis points to 0.44 percent. ",
"Germany’s bonds constitute the largest ECB holding of sovereign debt. ",
"Lower interest rates in the bond market take pressure off the ECB to do more to hold down interest rates.",
"\n\n“The ECB´s Asset Purchase Program (APP) served in several ways as a safety net by providing liquidity to the banking sector, keeping sovereign bond spreads low, lowering the external value of the euro, and keeping asset prices at elevated levels. ",
"In addition, bank failures in several member states were contained,” said Professor Dr. Timo Wollmershäuser, Head of Business Cycle Analysis, the ifo Center for Business Cycle Analysis and Surveys.[5]\n\nThe slower, lower approach addresses a growing challenge for the ECB, finding high-quality sovereign debt to buy. ",
"Issuance of such bonds was running seven times below the rate of ECB purchases, and investor demand for Triple A assets, such as Germany’s bonds, is high, according to research by Deutsche Bank.[6] The ECB’s purchases of government debt is also constrained by the bank’s own limits. ",
"Its holding of overall public debt cannot exceed one-third of its capital and it can only hold up to one-third of each country’s debt issuance. ",
"These constraints were installed to avoid violating Maastricht treaty prohibitions on the ECB financing EU member states.[7] An additional constraint was the limits on maturities (between two and 30 years) and yields (above the deposit rate of minus 0.4 percent),[8] but the ECB lifted the interest rate barrier in December last year.[9]\n\nEven though the program will be cut in half next year, economists estimate the ECB will hit a barrier in the amount of bonds it can buy, even at the reduced level, especially for Europe’s largest economy, Germany, if the restrictions aren’t relaxed further.[10]\n\nSeveral academic studies show that the ECB’s efforts had two effects on sovereign debt: lowering yields generally and repricing risks, meaning investors were more comfortable in investing in the debt of Italy and Spain, for example, since the ECB’s purchases lowered the risks of these debt-burdened countries (“repricing of risks).[11] Stock price increases were part of the spillover benefits, too.[12]\n\nEurope is experiencing the best growth momentum in a decade, but inflation – remaining at 1.5 percent ̶̶ remains stubbornly below the ECB's target of “almost“ 2.0 percent. ",
"Forecasts see inflation staying below that target until at least 2019. ",
"Average full-year growth for the eurozone is forecast at 2.2 percent this year after long-term projections for the largest economies were revised upward.[13] Eurozone factory, mining and utility output surged in August; industrial output increased by 1.4 percent in August from July, and was up 3.8 percent from a year earlier, Eurostat said.[14] The European Commission’s monthly measure of sentiment rose to minus 1.0 from minus 1.2 in September, its highest level since April 2001.[15] More positive news is expected Tuesday (October 31) when Eurostat is expected to announce GDP quarter-to-quarter growth of 0.6 percent, slightly down from the 0.7 percent pace in the previous quarter. ",
"Unemployment is expected to fall, too.",
"\n\nAgainst this backdrop will be maneuvering by ECB board members and the leaders of member states to secure Draghi’s position. ",
"Germany’s Chancellor Angela Merkel has been lobbying hard for Weidmann, according to press accounts.[16] Weidmann is seen as a hawk on monetary policy, having opposed many of the bank’s stimulus policies. ",
"The “ECB president is one of a handful of top European Union posts that are expected to be negotiated by EU leaders as a package over the coming months,” reports the Wall Street Journal.[17] Those posts include the ECB vice president, the head of the “Eurogroup” committee of eurozone finance ministers, and head of the ECB’s banking supervisor, the European Banking Regulator.",
"\n\nWhile Draghi doesn’t leave his seat until November 1, 2019, the negotiations between EU member states will heat up next year with a resolution likely by year-end 2018. ",
"The ECB president is nominally selected by a qualified majority vote of the European Council, but it’s really a majority of the subgroup that uses the euro. ",
"In addition to Weidmann, there is Francois Villeroy de Galhau of the Bank of France. ",
"But France already had the seat with Draghi’s predecessor, Jean-Claude Trichet. ",
"Given that, insiders say Weidmann has the lead because there are no Germans currently heading the EU institutions. ",
"His hard money stance, though, is a negative for some EU member states. ",
"And some think that gaining the ECB presidency means Germany would forfeit a shot at either the Presidency of the European Commission, now held by Jean-Claude Juncker, the former Prime Minister of Luxembourg, or the Presidency of the European Council, currently held by Donald Tusk, former Prime Minister of Poland. ",
"Both their terms expire at the end of 2019."
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[
"The use of xenologous amniotic membrane to repair canine corneal perforation created by penetrating keratectomy.",
"\nThis study was performed to evaluate the use of glycerol-preserved equine amniotic membrane as replacement for full-thickness corneal defects in dogs. ",
"Eighteen mixed-breed dogs were used. ",
"A perilimbal, full-thickness, 5 mm square corneal defect was created surgically, and a donor implant of equine amniotic membrane of the same size and shape sutured in place with 10-0 nylon simple interrupted sutures. ",
"Corneal edema was observed near the implant 24 h after surgery, but was absent after 1 week. ",
"Granulation tissue and corneal vascularization superficial to the implant were noticed on postoperative day 7, but were absent on day 30. ",
"Corneal vascularization persisted until the end of the experiment. ",
"There was no fluorescein retention by postoperative day 30. ",
"There was slight clearing of the corneal implant by postoperative 30, and slight pigmentation of the donor implant observed at postoperative day 180. ",
"An acute inflammatory process as well as fibroblasts were present at early postoperative stages. ",
"At postoperative day 60 there was no inflammatory cellular infiltrate, but fibroblasts and fibrosis were present. ",
"Corneal architecture was restored at the end of the experiment, with a layering of the epithelium-stroma-debris of amniotic membrane-stroma-endothelium present, and pigmentation and vascularization present in the deep layers of the cornea. ",
"Although vascularization indicated some degree of graft rejection, the clinical and histological evidence indicates that the xenologous amniotic membrane can be useful as a tectonic graft in the repair of full-thickness lesions of the cornea of dogs."
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] | 0.001505 | 13 |
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