Study_ID
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CRD42025636193 | Population: Patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer .
Intervention/Exposure: Exploration of factors (demographic, clinical, psychosocial, geographic, cultural).
Comparison: NA.
Outcomes: Suicidal ideation, mental health outcomes.
Study design: observational studies | Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are common and often result in significant psychological distress. Patients with GI cancers, particularly those undergoing treatment, are at higher risk for mental health issues, including suicidal ideation (SI). Factors such as disease stage, treatment type, psychological strain, and demographic characteristics can influence mental health outcomes. Despite growing recognition of these challenges, there is limited understanding of the specific factors contributing to SI and poor mental health in these patients. This systematic review aims to identify these factors and provide insights for developing targeted interventions to improve the mental well-being of patients with GI cancers | null |
CRD420251024259 | The current systematic review aims to draw together evidence on the experience of community mental health staff providing therapeutic support to people who self-harm (SH). | Community mental health staff e.g., counsellors, psychotherapists, community mental health nurses Support Providing therapeutic support to adults who self-harm All qualitative research designs. Mixed designs where qualitative findings can be extracted | Inpatient/ambulance staff, medical community staff e.g., GPs, prison staff Supporting individuals with another difficulty/ particular diagnosis e.g., suicide attempt, BPD or specific groups e.g., children, older adults Non-qualitative research designs i.e., quantitative only or mixed method designs where qualitative findings cannot be extracted |
CRD420251013918 | To compare the effects of low-intensity exercise with other exercise levels in post-stroke patients using a meta-analysis approach | Patients aged 18 years, diagnosed with stroke within the past 1 month, and able to walk at least 10 meters Low-intensity exercise PICO tags selected: Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity | null |
CRD42022345996 | Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution conditioning offers a vital intervention to prevent the development of functional constipation.This review will explore the distribution of TCM constitution types in functional constipation and provide information for preventing and treating functional constipation by modifying the constitution. | Functional constipation is a functional bowel disease that excludes organic causes. The main clinical manifestations of functional constipation are reduced stool frequency (usually three times a week), dry stool or persistent difficulty, and frequent or incomplete excretion. Long duration, easy recurrence, and poor effect after repeated treatment will affect patients’ quality of life. And severe constipation affects people’s physical and mental health.
In recent years, clinical research on functional constipation has studied epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, and treatment of constipation. However, from the perspective of TCM, it is not systematic and comprehensive to explore the possible correlation between the syndrome of functional constipation and the TMC constitution. Therefore, the study of the distribution of TCM constitution types in patients with functional constipation provides a reference for clinical prevention and treatment. | null |
CRD42021276301 | P：Patients with endometriosis；I：nine kinds of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution；C：People without endometriosis；O：the Association between endometriosis and Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution；S：Case control study or Cross sectional study | Endometriosis (EMS) is an endocrine disease characterized by pain (including chronic pelvic pain, secondary dysmenorrhea, sexual intercourse pain, etc.), infertility, chronic pelvic adhesion, menstrual disorder, non uterine bleeding, nodules and masses. The incidence rate of endometriosis in the growth period is 10%, the incidence rate of infertility is 50%[1], although endometriosis is benign gynecologic disease, it has the characteristics of malignant growth such as growth, invasion, metastasis and high recurrence. It is known as benign cancer. The risk of malignant transformation is related to endometriosis, which can develop into cancer, which is closely related to ovarian cancer [2] It has seriously affected women's physical and mental health and quality of life. At present, the pathogenesis is not clear. Western medicine mainly uses surgery and hormone drugs [3], which shows clinical efficacy. At the same time, there are inevitable risks of surgical complications, adverse reactions of hormone drugs, easy recurrence after drug withdrawal and so on. TCM theory has certain advantages in the field of prevention and treatment of endometriosis. It can effectively improve clinical symptoms, improve pregnancy rate and control local lesions. It has the advantages of rapid effect, low recurrence rate and stable long-term effect | null |
CRD42024471231 | This review will aim to inform the development of a vulnerability assessment tool and selection of evaluation metrics. We will consider the following research questions:
1. What vulnerability factors affect health-related outcomes in Adults With Intellectual Disability (AWID)?
• Which matters most / least?
• What aspects of caregiving can also contribute to vulnerability, and worsening of health-related outcomes in AWID?
Overarchingly, the review seeks to identify factors used to evaluate adults (18 or older) with intellectual disabilities that contribute to capturing biopsychosocial vulnerabilities and outcomes and enabling wellbeing. | The biological, psychological, social or crosscutting biopsychosocial vulnerability factors affecting health and wellbeing outcomes on AWIDs.
Health Outcomes: In Donabedian (1996)’s definition, it is defined as “‘changes in patients’ health and welfare resulting from medical care or from a lack of care” [1]. We define health outcomes in line with this definition.
Vulnerability (factors): It is referred to as factors that would lead to an increased chance of developing a certain disease or outcome or limitations experienced in the biological, psychological, or social domain, associated with certain disease or outcome. We use it interchangeably in this protocol with risk.
(See the review protocol for elaborations on biological, psychological and social definitions)
[1] Donabedian, A. (1966). Evaluating the quality of medical care. The Milbank memorial fund quarterly, 44(3), pp.166-206. | null |
CRD42022376117 | The main objective of this review is to develop a research-based clinical guideline for outpatient psychotherapeutic treatment for PTSD and C-PTSD, in order to ensure that the best possible treatments are implemented in clinical practice. The systematic reviews informing the clinical guideline, will aim to answer five clinical questions:
Q1: When treating adults with PTSD, should trauma-focused psychotherapy include exposure?
Q2: What psychotherapies are effective in treating PTSD and comorbid personality disorders?
Q3: What psychotherapies are effective in treating PTSD and comorbid depression?
Q4: What psychotherapies are effective in treating PTSD and comorbid dissociative disorders, or PTSD with dissociative symptoms (DSM-5 subtype)?
Q5: What psychotherapies are effective in treating complex PTSD (C-PTSD)? | Psychotherapeutic treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with/without comorbid personality disorders, depressive disorders, and dissociative disorders, as well as complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD). | null |
CRD42020183998 | What is the effectiveness of telephone and videoconferencing therapy on mental health outcomes, compared with traditional face-to-face therapy, for the treatment of adults with mental health disorders? | Individuals who are diagnosed with mental disorders such as major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and substance use disorder. | null |
CRD42023400047 | 1. What are the interventions tailored to bereaved Black Americans.
2. Are there special/cultural considerations regarding bereaved Black Americans?
3. What are the health-seeking behaviors of bereaved Black Americans? | Psychological, behavioral, and sociocultural factors influence the grieving process. Prior research focused on mitigating grief has largely been void of the sociocultural factors or contexts that substantially affect the efficacy of grief therapy among individuals from diverse sociocultural backgrounds. This review attempts to understand the cultural context of Black American grief who has lost an individual from a chronic or serious illness. This review attempts to understand and synthesize the literature on cultural considerations for treating these individuals, health-seeking behaviors and preferences, as well as what are the grief outcomes in these individuals. | null |
CRD420250639163 | 1. What conversational agent-integrated interventions have been developed and implemented to reduce loneliness and social isolation? What specific technologies or conversational agents were utilized in these interventions?2. How can these conversational agent-integrated interventions be categorized based on their functionalities, technological features, and implementation contexts, distinguishing between traditional chatbots and LLM-based systems?3. What are the levels of user acceptance, engagement, and effectiveness of conversational agent-inclusive interventions, specifically comparing traditional chatbots and LLM-based systems, in reducing loneliness and social isolation?4. How do traditional chatbots and LLM-based conversational agents differ in their design, functionality, and impact on reducing loneliness and social isolation? | Loneliness; Social Isolation ; Mental disorder Loneliness, Social Isolation The review will include studies targeting on all potential types of participants or populations, irrespective of their health status, socio-demographics, and other characteristics. Digital intervention Eligible studies should introduce or evaluate a conversational agent-integrated intervention to reduce loneliness and social isolation or introduce the design, development and implementation of a conversational agent-integrated intervention. PICO tags selected: Usual Care; Placebo This review will include studies conducted both controlled and non-controlled interventions with pre-post comparisons. The comparison groups can be either those that don't use conversational agent-integrated intervention, those that use non-AI conversational agent-integrated intervention, or usual care. | null |
CRD420250628251 | How do younger women with breast cancer experience fear of cancer recurrence? What factors may exacerbate fear of recurrence?What may help with fear of recurrence?How do women cope with fear of recurrence? | Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the UK (15% of cases) (Cancer Research UK, 2024). While older individuals, particularly women over the age of 90, have the highest incidence of breast cancer (Cancer Research UK, 2024); younger women have disproportionately worse outcomes, higher risks of recurrence of cancer, and worse prognosis.This review will focus on "younger women" (for the purpose of this review, defined as those aged 18-49). The published reviews in the area do not distinguish between older and younger women, despite research suggesting that those with younger age at diagnosis have a differently psychological experience, including experiencing significantly more psychological distress, in particular, greater fear of recurrence (Hong & Shin, 2021; Schapira et al., 2022).Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is defined as "fear, worry, or concern relating to the possibility that cancer will come back or progress” (Lebel et al, 2016).It is important to understand how younger women experience fear of recurrence, what factors may exacerbate fear of recurrence, what may help with fear of recurrence, and how women cope with fear of recurrence. Inclusion: - Women (aged 18-50) who have been diagnosed with breast cancer (primary and secondary/metastatic)Exclusion:- Studies with a) men, b) children, b) adolescents younger than 18, c) women over the age of 50- Studies with women with other cancers Qualitative study exploring fear of recurrence in younger women with breast cancer | null |
CRD42022320589 | An objective of this systematic review is to synthesize the best available evidence concerning the preventive effect of iCBT on employees. Review questions are: 1) In comparison to controls, what is the preventive effect of iCBTs delivered in the workplace to improve psychological outcomes (i.e., stress, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and resilience) among non-healthcare employees?2) In comparison to controls, do iCBTs as preventive interventions enhance work engagement among non-healthcare employees? | Psychological outcomes and work engagement among employees in the workplace This review will admit studies that include non-healthcare workers such as office workers, military, and teachers regardless of socio-cultural background. Studies recruiting participants who have diagnoses of mental disorders or any health problems; and studies examining healthcare workers will be excluded from this review For this review, the internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) program is defined as a psychotherapy program based on cognitive-behavioral therapy-based principles, delivered via the internet at the workplace by an individual or group remote from the employees. Interventions could be only iCBT or iCBT with co-interventions. Studies will be excluded if they provide face-to-face cognitive behavioral therapy programs. This is according to the aim of this study will be to test the effectiveness of the core method of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy intervention on psychological distresses and work-related outcomes. This review will consider studies that compare with no intervention control, active control, placebo control, and usual care. | null |
CRD42024560728 | What are the healthcare experiences of autistic sexual minorities | Not applicable | null |
CRD42024578199 | The present review will aim to explore service users' experiences of accessing and using mental health crisis helplines:How do service users experience accessing and using mental health crisis helplines, and what factors are perceived to be helpful or unhelpful in this process? | Mental Health Crisis Resolution Mental Health Crisis Helpline Services. Individuals who have contacted a mental health crisis helpline service (i.e. crisis line, suicide prevention line). Inclusion Criteria- Adults (>18 years old)- 'Callers' who have accessed the intervention (as specified below) Exclusion Criteria- Children or adolescents (<18 years old)- Mixed age samples where the average age falls below 18- Mental healthcare professionals or volunteers working for these services Inclusion Criteria- Mental health crisis, or suicide prevention helpline services- Including different modalities (i.e., online chat, telephone, text-based)- Ad-hoc support involving one-to-one interaction with a mental healthcare professional or trained volunteer Exclusion Criteria- Non-mental health related helpline services (i.e., physical health, cessation, emergency services)- Support not involving contact with a professional (i.e., online forums, apps, psychoeducation resources, self-help)- Other digital mental health interventions (i.e., online/telephone therapy provision) | null |
CRD42024527466 | What is the diagnostic profile of different combinations of dual disorders (substance use and another psychiatric disorder) in the clinical setting? | Dual Diagnosis (substance use disorder comorbid with another psychiatric disorder). Dual diagnosis or dual disorders is a common occurrence in the clinical setting and may alter the course and prognosis. Substance use disorders are expected to be more common in people with mental health conditions than expected by chance. | null |
CRD420250650845 | The central aim of this qualitative systematic review is to explore and synthesize the various conceptualizations of mental health literacy (MHL) by using content analysis. In doing so, this review aims to identify the core dimensions of MHL in differentiation to predictors and outcomes of MHL and to achieve a more precise understanding of these core elements. The main objective of this review is to develop a sharpened core construct of MHL based on the described analysis of previous and current definitions of MHL and examined and discussed in the context of related constructs (health literacy) and theories (e.g. in relation to the formation of attitudes and corresponding behavior). | MHL is a concept that was first introduced by Jorm and colleagues in 1997 and defined as the knowledge and beliefs regarding mental disorders that assist in their identification, treatment, and/or prevention. Since then, the concept of MHL has evolved, with particularly strong momentum over the last five years, expanding to include additional components, such as decreasing stigma related to mental disorders, promoting and maintaining positive health (Kutcher et al., 2016), and shifting focus towards a more active behavioral level. For example, the emphasis has moved from merely knowing about self-help strategies and professional help to engaging in healthy behavior and improving the efficiency of help-seeking, referred to as "mental health action" (Jorm, 2019). At the same time the current definitions lack an embedment or reference to the older, broader and more differentiated construct of health literacy, which has been subject to profound research across various field (Sørensen et al., 2012). Furthermore, new literacy terms, such as “mental wellbeing literacy” or “resilience literacy”, as well as aspects like help-seeking behavior, have been incorporated, leading to what is known as the jingle-jangle fallacy. The review has no restrictions concerning the participants and population included in the empirical research. We will include all types of populations, irrespective of their age, gender, ethnicity, nationality, and mental or physical health status. Conceptualizations (e.g. models, theories, definitions) of MHL, whether the authors created a new conceptualization or extended or modified an existing conceptual framework. | null |
CRD42024610941 | 1) To what extent do school-based physical activity, physical literacy, and executive function interventions influence academic performance and health outcomes in primary school-aged children?
2) Within existing research, what are the main gaps in school-based physical activity, physical literacy, and executive function interventions, and what recommendations can be made for future studies?
3) What is the overall effectiveness of existing school-based physical activity, physical literacy, or executive function interventions on academic performance and health outcomes in primary school-aged children? | Physical activity, physical literacy, executive function, and academic attainment in primary school-aged children. | null |
CRD42024505603 | How effective are Internet- and mobile-based interventions in the treatment of Tic disorders among children, adolescents, and adults? | The systematic review focuses on Tic disorders, a spectrum of neuropsychiatric conditions characterized by sudden, rapid, recurrent, non-rhythmic motor movements or vocalizations. Commonly manifesting in childhood, these disorders include transient and chronic forms, such as Tourette Syndrome. Tics can vary in severity and impact on daily functioning, and they are often associated with comorbid conditions like attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Management typically involves behavioral therapies and, in some cases, medication. The review specifically examines the effectiveness of Internet- and mobile-based interventions in treating Tic disorders, reflecting the growing interest in digital health solutions in the mental health domain. | null |
CRD420251016170 | 1. What interventions have been implemented to improve the mental health of nurses, and how effective have they been? | Population: Registered nurses, nursing students, and nurse practitioners working in any healthcare setting (e.g., hospitals, clinics, long-term care facilities). Mental Health Care Education; Wellness Promotion; Physical activity programme; Lifestyle education Mental Health Interventions: Psychological counseling, stress management techniques (e.g., mindfulness, relaxation exercises), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), resilience training, and mental health support programs. Well-being Programs: Wellness programs focused on emotional and psychological well-being, including work-life balance strategies, peer support, and emotional intelligence training. Physical Health Interventions: Exercise or physical activity programs, fitness initiatives, ergonomic adjustments, and nutrition-based interventions aimed at improving physical health. Lifestyle Behavior Interventions: Programs targeting healthy lifestyle behaviors, including promoting a balanced diet, improving sleep hygiene, smoking cessation, and alcohol reduction programs. Randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, cohort studies, longitudinal studies, and observational studies that evaluate the effectiveness of the aforementioned interventions. | Non-Nurses: Studies focusing on healthcare workers other than nurses (e.g., doctors, allied health professionals). Interventions not related to improving mental health, physical health, well-being, or lifestyle behaviors, such as administrative or management-focused interventions. Case studies, case series, editorials, or narrative reviews not involving primary data collection. |
CRD420251021563 | The primary objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the role of technology in enhancing art-based therapy for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Specifically, our the review seeks to address the following questions: | All participants should have a confirmed diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder, adhering to established diagnostic criteria such as the DSM-5 or ICD-10 .Participants must be aged 3 to 30 years. Art Therapy; Robotic-assisted training PICO tags selected: Skills Training; Social Skills Training; Music Therapy | Non-Art-Based Interventions, Lack of Technological Component, Age Outside Specified Range, Insufficient Outcome Data, Comorbid Conditions (Studies where participants have significant comorbid conditions that may affect the outcomes (e.g., severe intellectual disability)) may be excluded. |
CRD420250644719 | What are the existing stimuli and induction methods used in experimental anxiety detection studies, how do these methods compare in terms of effectiveness and reliability based on physiological and psychological outcome measures | Anxiety; Mental disorder Anxiety is a natural response to stress, characterized by feelings of worry, fear, or unease. It can range from mild to severe and may include physical symptoms like a rapid heartbeat, sweating, or restlessness. While occasional anxiety is normal, persistent or excessive anxiety may indicate an anxiety disorder, which can impact daily life and require management through therapy, lifestyle changes, or medication. human participants who experience anxiety or are subjected to standardized anxiety-inducing protocols. Electrocardiogram; Monitoring Physiological Parameters The inclusion criteria for interventions in this systematic review require studies to utilize electrocardiography (ECG) and/or photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors for anxiety detection, recognition, or prediction. Studies must analyze physiological signals such as heart rate variability (HRV), blood volume pulse (BVP), or other relevant biomarkers associated with anxiety. Research incorporating machine learning models to enhance anxiety detection using ECG or PPG data is also included. Additionally, studies using wearable technology for real-time or continuous monitoring of anxiety-related physiological responses are considered. Only studies that explicitly assess anxiety through these physiological measures, rather than general stress or other psychological conditions without a direct link to anxiety, are included. PICO tags selected: Electrocardiogram | studies involving non-human subjects, as well as those that do not assess anxiety using ECG or PPG |
CRD420250605187 | Are interventions and services effective in preventing cardiovascular diseases for people prescribed antipsychotics? | Cardiovascular Event Risk Cardiovascular disease (CVD) Adults with exposure to antipsychotics or adults diagnosed with severe mental illness will be included. Antipsychotic drugs informed by the British National Formulary and consultations with GPs and psychiatrists, including Chlorpromazine; Chloractil; Dozine;; Largactil; Benperidol; Anquil; Benquil; ; Chlorprothixene; Taractan; Droperidol; Droleptan; Xomolix; Flupentixol; Depixol; Fluphenazine; Moditen; Haloperidol; Dozic; Fortunan; Kentace; Haldol; Serenace; Oxypertine; Integrin; Pericyazine; Neulactil; Perphenazine; Fentazin; Pimozide; Orap; Promazine; Sparine; Sulpiride; Dolmatil; Sulpitil; Sulparex; Sulpor; Thioridazine; Melleril; Trifluoperazine; Stelazine; Trifluperidol; Triperidol; Zuclopenthixol; Clopixol; Loxapine; Loxapac; Clozapine; Clozaril; Denzapine; Zaponex; Remoxipride; Roxiam; Risperidone; Risperdal; Sertindole; Serdolect; Olanzapine; Quetiapine; Zyprexa; Zalasta; Seroquel; Sondate; Atrolak; Seotiapim; Ebesque; Zaluron; Biquelle; Mintreleq; Alaquet; Amisulpride; Solian; Zotepine; Zoleptil; Aripiprazole; Abilify; Invega; Paliperidone; Xeplion; Asenapine; Sycrest; Lurasidone; Latuda; Flupenthixol; Modecate; Decazate; Moditen Enanthate; Fluspirilene; Redeptin; Pipotiazine; Piportil; Zypadhera;Levomepromazine; Nozinan; Veractil; Prochlorperazine. Severe mental illness, defined as schizophrenia or other types of schizophrenia‐like psychosis, bipolar affective disorder or other types of psychosis, irrespective of the diagnostic criteria used. Conditions may include: severe mental illness; serious mental illness; SMI; psychosis; psychoses; schizophrenia (catatonic; disorganised; paranoid; residual; undifferentiated); schizotypal disorder; schizoaffective disorder; bipolar disorder; bipolar affective disorder; bipolar and related disorders; psychotic disorder; delusional disorder; manic episode; paraphrenia; other nonorganic psychotic disorder, or unspecified nonorganic psychosis. Primary Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease Interventions aimed at primary prevention of CVD in adults taking antipsychotics or those with SMI will be included. These may consist of single or combined components, including (but not limited to): There will be no restriction on the mode, setting or duration of delivery of intervention. For studies on service delivery interventions to be eligible for inclusion, the focus of the study will be on the effect of designed service provision in altering CVD risks in study populations, for example, integrated care models in primary care settings delivered by mental health nurses. At least following should be described to be reported: PICO tags selected: Placebo; Usual Care; Active control Placebo, active treatment, usual care, standard care, or no treatment at the time that an eligible study was undertaken will be included. | Studies that included mixed populations will be excluded unless separate results for people taking antipsychotics or those with SMI can be identified or obtained from the trial investigators. Interventions not designed for CVD prevention will be excluded. |
CRD420250652020 | What are the approaches to prevent Suicidality and co-morbid psychological problems among adolescents which can be implemented in educational educational institutes? | Suicide; Suicidal Behavior; Suicidal; Suicidal Thoughts; Suicide Prevention; Suicidal Intent; Suicide Attempt; Adolescence My purpose behind doing a systematic review is to identify all possible, latest approches to treat suicidality along with other psychological problems which result in suicidality i.e depression, stress and anxiety among adolescents at their educational institutes(Schools/ Colleges). Adolescents who are part of any educational institutes i.e. Schools and colleges and show suicidality. An eclectic approch will be used i.e any kind of treatment that can be given inside the premesis of the educational institute.e school or college (because both have adolescents as students). 1. Interventions for adolescent's only. 2. School-based, educational, interventions, training based programs would be included for the systematic review. 3. Interventions those are not school based but the treatment or technique is implementable inside the school/college premises done by psychologist or any other researcher. 4. Interventions targeting psychological problems leading to suicidal behavior among adolescents. PICO tags selected: Placebo It depends on the kinds of studies extracted. | Students who don't fall in the age criteria of adolescence. 1. Interventions which are not randomized. |
CRD42025565935 | What experiences do children and those supporting children, report in relation to school transitions during the early stages of adolescence? | 2. Experiences and perspectives of children aged between the 11-15 years and caregivers during transition from primary – secondary settings | null |
CRD42023455062 | 1) What was the prevalence of affective mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic among PLHIV, especially in LMICs?
2) What were the correlates of common mental health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic? | People living with HIV (PLHIV) are disproportionately affected by mental health conditions compared to the general population. This was further compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic with the associated disruption in care and support services along with greater risk of complications and mortality in people with pre-existing health conditions including HIV. This systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature is designed to explore the effect of the pandemic on the rates and correlates of common mental conditions (depression, anxiety disorders, stress related disorders, psychological distress, sleep problems and loneliness) in PLHIV specifically with a focus on low-and middle-income countries. | null |
CRD420250650895 | The study aim to assess the frequency of recommendation of physical activity by mental health professionals. | Exercise prescription rate Healthcare professionals physiotherapists, psychiatrists, nurses, occupational therapists, psychologists, among others Does not apply | Does not apply Does not apply |
CRD42021259246 | 1. What behaviour change techniques (BCTs) as defined by The Behaviour Change Techniques Taxonomy (BCTTv1, Michie et al., 2013) are used in digital health interventions for midlife women?
2. What behaviours (i.e. diet, exercise, mental health) are targeted in digital health interventions?
3. What modes of delivery (i.e. wearables, mobile apps, gamification, social community support, expert interaction with psychologists) are used to modify health behaviour?
4. What outcomes (i.e. engagement markers, follow-up, monitoring of behaviour changes, validation of results gathered) are reported? | We plan to review health interventions with midlife women (age 40 – 65 years) that aim to modify any health behaviour. Health behaviours may include diet, exercise, mental health, and symptoms associated with menopause (i.e. hot flushes, low mood, anxiety, tiredness, poor concentration, poor sleep, change in weight/body shape). At least a single domain listed above must be reported. No restriction will be places on study size, and the behaviour change theory reported. | null |
CRD420250649955 | Determining the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and eating disorders, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in children and adolescents: a systematic review.Primary Aim: The intention of this paper is to conduct a systematic review, analysing the current data to determine the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and all eating disorders, alongside body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in the child and adult population. This will investigate prevalence, severity and outcomes. Secondary Aim: A secondary aim of this paper is to investigate the mediational role that neurodivergence may have upon CSA and eating disorder symptoms. | Eating disorders (including anorexia, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, avoidant restrictive food intake disorder, eating disorder not otherwise specified and unspecified eating disorder) and disordered eating and weight concern. Individuals with eating disorders (children and adults), disordered eating and body image concerns as well as those with a history of childhood sexual abuse (occurring below the age of eighteen years old). In addition, this review will investigate the mediational role of autism and ADHD in the relationship between eating disorders and historic sexual abuse. This review is investigating individuals who have experienced childhood sexual abuse. This is defined as the occurrence of a sexual relationship with a family member, unwanted sexual relationships with non-family adults or a sexual relationship with a person who it at least five years older, whilst under the age of eighteen years old (Wonderlich et al, 1997). In order to fulfil the inclusion criteria, those with an experience of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) must have an eating disorder or reporting disordered eating or weight concerns. Studies will be excluded if the time of the abuse was not specified before the age of eighteen years old. PICO tags selected: Eating Disorders Management; Mental Health Treatment; Neurodevelopment Test | null |
CRD420250645117 | 1. What psychosocial factors contributed to decline in mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic? | Mental disorder; Depression; Anxiety Healthcare Workers who are regulated and directly involved in patient care. Healthcare workers involved in patient care during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic | null |
CRD42024586018 | 1. What is the prevalence of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) in children and adolescents (<18 years)?
2. What is the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) among children and adolescents with ARFID?
3. What is the prevalence of medical and mental comorbidities in children and adolescents with ARFID?
4. What are the differences in demographic and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents with ARFID compared with those having other eating disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa) and non-clinical groups?
5. What is the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy, family-based therapy) for treating children and adolescents with ARFID? | Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of consuming a limited variety of foods, coupled with an aversion to certain sensory aspects of food, leading to significant nutritional deficiencies, weight loss, or impairment in psychosocial functioning. Unlike other eating disorders, ARFID does not involve distress about body weight or shape. Instead, it often manifests through severe food avoidance, extreme pickiness, or fear of adverse consequences associated with eating. ARFID can significantly impact a child's growth and development and may co-occur with other medical and psychological conditions. | null |
CRD42023452292 | Review Question:
What is the effectiveness of Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP) in improving health outcomes and well-being in patients with various health conditions?
P - Population: Patients with various health conditions (e.g., chronic pain, anxiety disorders, depression, etc.)
I - Intervention: Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP) techniques or interventions
E - Comparison: No specific comparison group (Any control group or standard care)
C - Outcome: Health outcomes and well-being measures (e.g., pain reduction, psychological well-being, quality of life, symptom management)
S - Study Design: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental studies, and observational studies
Specific Refinements:
How does NLP compare to standard care or other psychological interventions in improving health outcomes in patients with chronic pain?
What is the impact of NLP on reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression compared to other psychotherapeutic approaches in individuals with anxiety and depression disorders?
Does NLP have a significant effect on improving quality of life in patients with chronic health conditions, such as diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, when compared to usual care or other behavioral interventions?
What are the adverse effects or potential risks associated with NLP interventions in healthcare settings?
Are the effects of NLP interventions sustained over time, and does the duration or intensity of NLP practice impact its effectiveness on health outcomes?
Note: The above review question and specific refinements are examples of how to frame the research question(s) related to the use of NLP in healthcare. Researchers may adapt and modify these questions based on their specific interests and the available literature on the topic. | The systematic review focuses on the use of Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP) in various healthcare domains to improve health outcomes and well-being in patients with different health conditions. NLP is a psychological approach that aims to understand the relationship between language, thought patterns, and behavior. It involves techniques to reprogram thoughts and behaviors, potentially leading to positive effects on physical and mental health.
The review will encompass studies involving patients with a range of health conditions, such as chronic pain, anxiety disorders, depression, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and other chronic health conditions. Additionally, the review may explore NLP interventions' impact on general well-being and quality of life in different healthcare settings.
The objective is to synthesize the existing evidence on the effectiveness of NLP interventions in improving health-related outcomes and well-being in diverse patient populations across various healthcare domains. By assessing the available research, the review aims to provide insights into the potential benefits and limitations of using NLP techniques in healthcare settings. | null |
CRD420250653581 | - What are the desired outcomes to support health promotion in chiropractic care related to behaviour change skills? | Chiropractic Visit; Behaviour change technique; Health Promotion; Musculoskeletal Pain 1. Chiropractic care setting 2. MSK 3. Health promotion 4. Behaviour change Chiropractors (to be registered with regulator) Behaviour change skills/techniques and/or health promotion strategies/activity | null |
CRD42018098747 | (1) To investigate the prevalence rates of the Hikikomori syndrome (HS) of prolonged social withdrawal in the general population (the general population will include individuals recruited from the community or students/undergraduates).
(2) To investigate the prevalence rates of the HS in treatment-seeking clinical samples with psychiatric disorders listed in relevant classification systems, recruited from primary, secondary or tertiary mental health settings.
(3) If significant heterogeneity is found, the age and gender of the participants, and the countries in which the study has been conducted (Asian versus non-Asian countries) will be investigated as potential moderators of the prevalence rates in both the general population and in clinical samples with psychiatric disorders.
(4) To assess the co-occurrence rates between HS and each psychiatric disorder defined by the criteria of any version of the DSM or ICD in any clinical samples with psychiatric disorders. | In the last two decades, the “Hikikomori” syndrome (HS) has been conceptualised as a psychosociological condition characterized by prolonged and severe social withdrawal for a period of at least 6 months (Kaneko, 2006; Saito, 1998; Watts, 2002). This condition was first reported and studied in Japanese society/culture (Kondo et al., 2013), the first epidemiological research having been conducted in 2003 (Ito et al., 2003), and in light of teh results, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare defined it as a state in which a young individual (a) mainly stays at home, (b) cannot or does not engage in social activities, such as going to school or working, (c) continues in this state for 6 months or longer, (d) has neither a psychotic disorder, nor medium to lower level mental retardation (intelligence quotient < 55 - 50), and (e) has no close friends. | null |
CRD42023440564 | What are service user experiences on crisis home treatment teams? | CHTTs are short-term, intensive at-home treatments aimed to reduce hospital admissions and provides support to individuals returning home after an acute hospital admission (Johnson & Thornicroft, 2008). CHTTs can help service users develop coping strategies, and promotes family involvement and social support during a crisis (Bridgett & Polak, 2003).
All eligible journals should include individuals who are currently receiving care in CHTTs or have received care from CHTTs.
Service user experiences of CHTT will be examined in this review. Experiences can include but not limited to the following aspects:
• Satisfaction of care
• Experience on accessing CHTTs
• Quality of care (treated with respect, empathy, patience etc.)
• Consistency of care
• Costs of care | null |
CRD420250656284 | How effectively do physical therapy interventions improve muscle strength and functional outcomes in patients with ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW)? | Intensive care unit acquired weakness; Physical therapy exercises; Muscle Strength ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) is a common complication in critically ill patients, characterized by profound muscle wasting and impaired physical function. It is associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, immobility, and systemic inflammation. This systematic review and meta-analysis will explore the effects of physical therapy in improving muscle strength and functional outcomes in patients with ICU-AW. Inclusion criteria:1.Patients diagnosed with ICU-AW . Physiotherapy; Electrotherapy; Resistance training Any physical therapy will be considered，such as，early mobilization、cycle ergometry、resistance training、technology (e.g. play game, or virtual reality)There are no limitations on settings, and healthcare professionals who providing services. PICO tags selected: Usual Care; Placebo; Sham Intervention Usual ICU care | Exclusion criteria:1.absence of coexistent neurological or orthopaedic illness.（e.g. Guillain Barre Syndrome,stroke）2.unable to participate in physical therapy (e.g. unstable hemodynamics). |
CRD420250620296 | How does economic inequality influence the mental health outcomes of children and adolescents compared to those living in more economically equal environments?What specific mental health disorders are particularly affected by economic inequality among children and adolescents? | Economic Problem; Mental State Finding; Child Health Promotion This meta-analysis examines economic inequality and its impact on mental health in children and adolescents. Economic inequality refers to the disparities in income and wealth within a society, which can limit access to resources and support. This inequality can lead to increased stress and anxiety among young people, contributing to various mental health issues, including depression and anxiety. Understanding this relationship is crucial for developing effective interventions to support the mental well-being of affected youth. Inclusion: Children and adolescents (under 18 years of age) Exposure Definition:Economic Inequality: Refers to disparities in income and wealth distribution within a population, assessed through metrics such as the Gini coefficient, income quintiles, and access to resources.Inclusion Criteria:1. Population: Studies involving children and adolescents aged 0-18 years.2. Context: Research contrasting high and low economic inequality settings.3. Outcomes: Mental health outcomes measured in both high and low inequality contexts. | Exclusion Criteria: 1. Lack of Comparative Analysis: Studies that fail to examine mental health outcomes across varying levels of economic inequality (e.g., no subgroup comparisons, regression models, or correlation analyses). 2. Age: Research focused on adults or other age groups. 3. Irrelevant Contexts: Studies not explicitly addressing economic inequality's effects on mental health. |
CRD42023456623 | For whom and in what circumstances does co-production work in youth mental health services?
Subquestions:
- What are the important contextual factors in understanding co-production in youth mental health services?
- What mechanisms explain the impact of co-production in youth mental health services?
- What are the outcomes for service users that result from co-production in youth mental health services? | Co-production of youth mental health services | null |
CRD42024530897 | Population: Individuals at risk of suicide or with a history of suicidal behavior.
Intervention: Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms for predicting suicide risk.
Comparison: Conventional methods or other risk assessment tools.
Outcome: Accuracy of AI in predicting suicide risk or identifying individuals at risk of suicide. | The systematic review focuses on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms for predicting suicide risk among individuals. It examines the application of AI in identifying those at risk of suicide or with a history of suicidal behavior. | null |
CRD42022342605 | To review the literature on 12-step facilitation AND mutual-help group, focusing on, but not limited to: (i) mental disorders other than alcoholism and (ii) qualitative studies. | Inclusion criteria:
• "12-step group" OR "12-step program" OR "12-step facilitation" OR "12-step approach" NOT alcohol NOT alcoholism NOT alcoholic NOT alcoholics
• "12-step group" OR "12-step program" OR "12-step facilitation" OR "12-step approach" AND qualitative
• "Narcotics Anonymous" NOT alcohol NOT alcoholic NOT alcoholism NOT alcoholics
• All "anonymous" groups and 12-step mutual help groups NOT alcohol NOT alcoholism NOT alcoholic NOT alcoholics
Exclusion criteria : SUD not qualitative; 12-step group is of secondary importance; All groups are clinicians-led (n = 17); Focus on remote applications or meetings; Focus on clinicians' attitudes to 12-step groups; Not a peer-reviewed article; Self-help group not 12-step based; Qualitative but alcohol only | null |
CRD42024604765 | Q1: What is the combined effectiveness of neurofeedback and complementary treatments in reducing mental disorder outcomes in adults?
Q2: How does standalone neurofeedback therapy compare to an integrated approach that combines neurofeedback with complementary therapies in treating mental disorders? | Emotion regulation. Mental disorders. | null |
CRD42024611094 | Research Question: What is the pooled association between nomophobia and its related factors - antecedents and consequences.
The following are detailed objectives:
1. To estimate the pooled association between antecedent factors and nomophobia.
2. To estimate the pooled association between nomophobia and consequences.
3. To estimate the heterogeneity between and within studies for both types of pooled association.
4. To check for variations in pooled estimates due to various study and demographic level characteristics.
5. To synthesize non-statistical findings from all reports assessing the association of nomophobia with antecedents and consequences. | Nomophobia, a term that describes the anxiety or discomfort experienced when one is without a mobile phone, has become increasingly prevalent in recent years as mobile technology has become a fixture in daily life. This phenomenon has raised significant concerns regarding its potential effects on mental health and well-being. The purpose of this literature review is to examine the relationship between nomophobia and various factors, categorized into antecedents and consequences.
Antecedent factors are those that contribute to the onset of nomophobia. These may include early exposure to mobile devices, personality traits, social influences, and patterns of smartphone usage. Consequence factors, on the other hand, refer to the psychological, behavioral, and social outcomes that may arise from nomophobia, such as increased anxiety, decreased social interactions, impaired productivity, and impacts on sleep quality.
In the present study, we aim to analyze research findings on both the antecedents and consequences of nomophobia across diverse demographic groups, including variations in age, gender, cultural region, and socioeconomic background. This comprehensive approach will help identify common patterns and potential risk factors, as well as the broader implications of nomophobia on individual and societal levels. | null |
CRD42021231112 | What policies, interventions and prevention strategies exist for preventing alcohol-related suicide? Which of these interventions are effective in preventing suicide and suicide attempts? | Suicide death, attempted suicide, alcohol use (including alcohol use disorder) | null |
CRD420250655575 | To identify and evaluate the measures that are used to ascertain Positive Childhood Experiences in youth populations. | We will review studies that focus on the domain of mental health and wellbeing. Namely, we are interested in mental health outcomes such as internalising (e.g., anxiety, depression) and externalising (e.g., conduct issues) outcomes in addition to wellbeing (e.g., authenticity, happiness, life satisfaction). Hence, this review will focus on both positive and negative outcomes associated with positive childhood experiences. Young people, specifically children and adolescents. Studies assessing exposures or outcomes in adulthood (i.e., 18+) will be excluded from this review. Exposure to Positive Childhood Experiences, as measured by an established psychometric scale, such as the Benevolent Childhood Experiences scale (Narayan et al., 2018). We also anticipate that several studies included in the review will measure Adverse Childhood Experience in conjunction, in which case we will organise the synthesis accordingly (e.g., PCEs only and PCEs & ACEs). | Studies that only measure ACEs but not PCEs will be excluded from this review. |
CRD42024620776 | Primary Review Question:
What are the mechanisms of action of Tai Chi in improving cardiovascular health outcomes compared to aerobic exercise?
Secondary Specific Questions:
1. Does Tai Chi reduce cardiovascular risk markers (e.g., blood pressure, lipid profiles, inflammatory markers) as effectively as aerobic exercise?
2. How do Tai Chi and aerobic exercise differ in their impact on cardiovascular fitness (e.g., VO2max, heart rate variability) in individuals with or at risk of cardiovascular diseases?
3. What are the unique contributions of Tai Chi's mind-body components (e.g., stress reduction, mental relaxation) to cardiovascular health outcomes?
4. Are there differences in the suitability and efficacy of Tai Chi versus aerobic exercise for different populations (e.g., elderly individuals or those with physical limitations)? | This systematic review focuses on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are the leading cause of mortality globally, including conditions such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and stroke. It specifically examines the effects of Tai Chi, a mind-body exercise, on cardiovascular health outcomes, including its mechanisms of action compared to traditional aerobic exercise. The review explores interventions targeting cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure, lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, and heart rate variability, with an emphasis on prevention and management strategies for individuals at risk or diagnosed with CVD. | null |
CRD42024544252 | 1. Synthesising the lived experiences and perceptions of youth with ADHD.
Inclusive of, but not limited to, their experiences and perceptions of socialisation, education, self-care, employment, leisure, mental health and wellbeing. | Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in youth.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) define ADHD through it’s 3 subtypes: “inattention – not being able to stay focused, hyperactivity – excess movement that is not appropriate to the setting or excessive fidgeting, tapping or talking, impulsivity – acting hastily without thinking, and in a way that may have high potential for harm” (2019). | null |
CRD42021244278 | The objective of this study is to describe the impact of long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among people with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).
For this study, our research question is:
- What effects do the prolong use of HAART have on the HRQoL of PLWHA? | The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is responsible for the progressive dysregulation of the cell-mediated immune system and could ultimately lead to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The HAART is established as one of the most effective interventions for treatment of HIV/AIDS. However, research has shown that clinical and physiological measures are insufficient to evaluate the health status of PLWHA as they do not reflect a person’s functional capacity and overall wellbeing. This requires the need to use HRQoL determinants to assess the potential impact of HAART among long-term users. For this review, the effects of prolonged (i.e. at least 6 months) HAART use on HRQoL among PLWHA will be studied. | null |
CRD42025648194 | Utilizing a three-tiered meta-analytic framework, this investigation aims to provide a thorough synthesis and quantitative assessment of the relationship between childhood maltreatment and bullying victimization. | The study primarily focuses on the relationship between bullying and childhood abuse, and does not involve clinical diseases, etc. The study will conduct a global meta-analysis involving participants from countries such as China and Turkey. There is no need for retesting; only the participant information from previously published articles will be extracted. This study will only extract existing information, without the need for measurement or involvement of interventions and potential exposure factors. none | null |
CRD42024541437 | Overarching Review Question:Are interventions targeting family accommodation effective in reducing levels of accommodation and symptom severity in childhood anxiety and OCRDs?Sub-Questions: | Anxiety; Obsessive-compulsive Disorders And Symptoms Anxiety in Childhood. This includes any Anxiety Disorder or Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder as defined in a recognised diagnostic manual (E.g. DSM-V). Anxiety disorders show high prevalence in children and young people, with one in six living with a probable anxiety disorder (Newlove-Delgado et al., 2022). The number of young people living with an anxiety disorder is increasing and is linked with poor outcomes including reduced academic achievement and poorer outcomes in adulthood (Bhatia & Bhatia, 2007; Jones, 2013). Despite advances in treatment around 40% of young people do not respond to first line interventions and there is therefore an emphasis on augmenting treatment through engaging parents and carers in treatment (Kodal et al., 2017). Family accommodation increases symptom severity in childhood anxiety disorders and negatively impacts treatment outcomes (Lebowitz, Panza & Bloch, 2016). There has been an increase in research looking at the link between family accommodation and symptom severity and a growing number of treatment protocols for childhood anxiety disorders that include a module for reducing family accommodation. A systematic review is needed to explore and synthesize the current efficacy of different caregiver focused modules on family accommodation. Participants will be adult Caregivers (Parents/Relatives/legal guardian) of children and young people with a diagnosis of any anxiety disorder or Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (As diagnosed using any recognised diagnostic criteria). Inclusion Criteria: • Children and young people will be defined as individuals under the age of 18 years old. Studies will be included if they use descriptions such as youth or childhood anxiety rather than providing a numerical age for the child. • Included studies will involve relatives of children and young people with any diagnosed anxiety or obsessive-compulsive and related disorder, using a recognised diagnostic criterion.Exclusion criteria:• Relatives/caregivers of adults (age > 18 years)• Relatives/caregivers of children with mental health disorders other than an anxiety disorder or OCRDs. Any intervention for childhood anxiety with a minimum of one ‘module’, defined as a section of treatment content, explicitly exploring Family Accommodation and the themes and treatment techniques deriving from this e.g. identifying parental behaviours associated with symptom accommodation. Papers do not need to explicitly identify this section as a family accommodation module.Inclusion criteria:• Accommodation reduction must be reported as a primary or secondary aim. • The intervention must be described in the paper or a reference provided for an established treatment protocol. • A parent or caregiver must be present in the Family Accommodation module. • Interventions can be delivered face-to-face, web-based or self-directed and can be single-session, or part of a longer intervention. • Interventions can be clinician-led or self-guided such as eBooks and self-directed paper workbooks.• Intervention can be an individual intervention, family-based or group based.• Interventions can be from any therapeutic modality e.g. CBT, Family Therapy.Exclusion criteria:• An intervention without a section of content that explicitly addresses family accommodation and the themes, knowledge and skills deriving from this. • Interventions with no treatment summary or reference to an established protocol. • Intervention which is delivered only to children with no parent or caregiver involvement. PICO tags selected: Usual Care | null |
CRD42024521415 | What are the current approaches to involving service users in mental health education and training?
What are the impact and outcomes of these approaches on healthcare education and training in mental health through service users, stakeholders, and educational materials? | Service User Involvement Approaches | null |
CRD42022342927 | The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize existing data on the impact of unwanted pregnancy or denied abortion on maternal mental health and mental health of their offspring. | Mental health | null |
CRD420250457715 | The purpose of this study was to explore the influencing factors of self-negation tendency of nursing students and nurses. | Evidence-based nursing Nursing students ( students receiving nursing professional education ) and nurses ( professionals who have registered through practice and obtained a nurse 's practice certificate ) Implant impostor phenomenon occurs (The tendency to deny one 's own ability, also known as impostor syndrome / fraud syndrome, is a psychological phenomenon in which an individual has succeeded or achieved something, but tends to attribute success to some external cause, believing that he or she is not capable enough, feels that he or she is deceiving others, and is afraid of being discovered.) | Nurses who did not pass the practice registration and / or obtained the nurse practice certificate; nursing students and nurses who are absent from school or on vacation. |
CRD42022345093 | What is the association between victim age polymorphism and psychopathy?
AND
What is the association between victim age polymorphism and atypical sexual interest?
AND
What are the overall, sexual, and violent recidivism rates of victim age polymorphic offenders compared to child victim offenders and adult victim offenders? | Polymorphic, mixed, or crossover offenders (i.e., offenders with victims in multiple age groups), mental health correlates (psychopathy; paraphilias; sexual preoccupation or hypersexuality) and recidivism | null |
CRD42024515911 | To investigate the levels of glutamatergic neurochemicals (glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln) and glutamate+glutamine (Glx)) across and between neurodevelopmental psychiatric conditions. | Neurodevelopmental Psychopathology | null |
CRD42023449351 | We would like to examine whether parental emotion socialization is associated with aggression, anger, and irritability in children/adolescents. Is negative parental emotion socialization, for example, associated with higher levels of aggression, anger, and irritability in children/adolescents? Is positive parental emotion socialization associated with lower levels of aggression, anger, and irritability in children/adolescents? | Irritability, aggression, and anger in children/adolescents | null |
CRD42024542358 | 1. What does the study demonstrate about mindfulness-based approaches and meditation programs' benefits regarding stress and anxiety among medical students?
2. To what extent do mindfulness and meditation interventions affect medical students' psychological, physical, and behavioral outcomes?
3. As students are the major ones to often focus on high-stakes exams and the future, they can be vulnerable to stress and anxiety in this situation. So, the question is, what are the major causes through which meditation and mindfulness can reduce stress and anxiety among medical students? | Stress and anxiety. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and meditation in alleviating stress and reducing anxiety. | null |
CRD42024604568 | Primary:
1. What interventions are effective in reducing proximal minority stress (e.g., internalized stigma, anticipated rejection, disclosure/concealment of identity) among SGM populations?
2. What interventions are effective in reducing distal minority stress (i.e., stigma, prejudice, and acts of violence from non-SGM individuals) toward SGM groups?
Secondary:
1. How does an intervention’s impact on minority stress differ between interventions explicitly designed to address minority stress and those primarily focused on another health outcome, but that incorporate a minority stress or intersectional stigma component?
2. How does the intervention efficacy vary by intervention type? | Mental Health | null |
CRD42024587810 | This analysis aims to synthesize data on the prevalence of PTSD among healthcare workers from existing studies, rigorously evaluating changes in its incidence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. By consolidating data from a series of studies, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of a global crisis on the mental health of physicians. Additionally, we seek to identify potential risk and protective factors associated with the prevalence of PTSD within the healthcare worker population. | The COVID-19 pandemic, as an unprecedented global health crisis, has had profound implications for healthcare systems and professionals worldwide. Amid the myriad challenges faced by medical personnel, the impact on emotional and mental health has emerged as a significant focal point. As frontline responders, healthcare workers (HCWs) find themselves at the epicenter of this battle, experiencing a unique and relentless array of pressures.
Due to the exceptionally stressful work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic, HCWs are at an elevated risk of developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). These conditions encompass managing critical medical situations, caring for severely affected individuals, witnessing loss and trauma on a frequent basis, working in crowded and high-pressure environments, and dealing with disrupted circadian rhythms due to shift work. Understanding the prevalence of PTSD among physicians before and after the pandemic is not only critical for the well-being of these essential healthcare providers, but also imperative for the development of targeted interventions and support systems. This knowledge is crucial in crafting strategies that address the mental health needs of medical professionals, ensuring they receive the care and support they need to continue serving their communities effectively. | null |
CRD42024600664 | Research questions were developed using the Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation and Research type (SPIDER) qualitative strategy (Cooke et al., 2012);
1.
What are the reported (Design) lived experiences (Evaluation) of parenting (Phenomenon of Interest), from the perspective (Evaluation) of autistic parents of autistic children (Sample) in current qualitative research (Research Type)?
2.
From the parents' perspective, what supports autistic caregivers to raise their autistic children, or makes things easier?
3.
From the parents' perspective, is there anything missing in terms of support for autistic caregivers to raise their autistic child, or does anything make things harder? | Neurodevelopmental condition of autism spectrum disorder in parents and children with a focus on parenting. | null |
CRD420251002666 | This meta-analysis investigates the specific roles of childhood emotional abuse and neglect in adolescent self-harm, clarifying their distinct contributions to self-harm risk. | Adolescents (under 20 years of age) Childhood Trauma Questionnaire cross-sectional study,case-control study | null |
CRD420250652858 | Research Question (PICO Model):
Population: Adolescents (aged 10 to 19 years)
Exposure: Social factors (family, peers, school environment, access to information)
Comparison: Absence or low quality of these factors
Outcome: Prevalence of psychoactive substance use | This systematic review investigates the social factors influencing the use of psychoactive substances among adolescents, focusing on both risk and protective factors within the adolescent's social environment. The study explores how family dynamics, peer relationships, school environment, and access to information contribute to substance use behaviors. This research is relevant to public health and preventive interventions aimed at reducing substance abuse among adolescents. | null |
CRD42023406838 | 1) What is the pooled prevalence estimate of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder in Black post-secondary students in Canada and the U.S?
2) What are the risk and protective factors associated with these mental health difficulties in Black post-secondary students in Canada and the U.S? | Depression, Anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | null |
CRD42024497379 | This research has the four following interconnected objectives: (1) to explore the strength of association between racial discrimination and mental health outcomes, (2) to investigate the moderating effects of social support on the association between racial discrimination and mental health outcomes, (3) to assess how the moderating influence of social support differs across the types and sources of support, and (4) to examine the role of sample (i.e., sex, age, race/ethnicity) and geographical region (i.e., countries) characteristics. | This study will explore how specific forms of support, such as emotional support from family and friends or informational support from organizations, distinctly influence mental health outcomes such as depression, anxiety and suicidality in the face of racial discrimination. | null |
CRD42023429751 | The aim of this meta-review is to synthesise evidence from systematic reviews of randomised clinical trials of parenting interventions for child and adolescent mental health outcomes (i.e., symptoms, traits, or disorder level). The review will describe the effects of (1) universal, (2) targeted, and (3) indicated parenting interventions in preventing/reducing mental health disorders in young people. | Mental disorder Our review will focus on mental health outcomes in the offspring of parents receiving parenting intervention. Outcomes will include symptoms, traits, and diagnoses of disorders such as conduct problems, externalising, internalising, anxiety disorders, affective disorders, personality disorders, ADHD, disruptive behavioural disorders, and alcohol and substance-use disorders. Inclusion:Population of parents (biological/non-biological (i.e., adoptive) mothers and/or fathers) and their offspring (no age limit).• Who either received a form of parenting intervention because it was offered to all families or the family was categorised as high-risk (i.e., familial/social) or the child was presenting with symptoms/traits/a diagnosis of a mental health condition. • Comparison group of another intervention, treatment as usual or wait list control. Exclusion:Populations selected on parents’ or offspring’s’ physical disease or disorder (e.g., cancer, seizures, surgery, asthma).Review and meta-analyses which have not identified any clinical trials of populations that are not randomised to two or more different interventions (i.e., non RCTs). Parenting Education; Parenting Skills Training; Behavioural Parent Training Intervention type: The interventions of interest are parenting interventions, which encompass interventions that aim to a) improve parenting skills, practices, or discipline style (i.e., ‘behavioural’ modifications) b) equip parents with skills to improve their self-efficacy or competence (i.e., emotional competence) c) improve parent-child relationship. Interventions should focus on improving child outcomes.Intervention delivery method: We will include all intervention delivery methods; group-based, individual, peer-led, professional, online resources, videos and informational leaflets. Exclusion: We will exclude reviews that do not involve randomised clinical trials or target parental mental health as a form of parenting intervention and those that target parental resources (e.g., providing clothes, diapers). We will also not include data from studies that focuses on interventions other than the ones described above (e.g., increasing cognitive stimulation). PICO tags selected: Usual Care; Sham Intervention ; Waiting list control Those that received no intervention, received a different intervention, or received treatment as usual. | null |
CRD42020158779 | 1) To estimate the pooled prevalence of prolonged grief disorder in Sub-Saharan Africa context.
2) To examine the relevant comorbidities and correlates of prolonged grief. | It is well known that the loss of a loved person by death is an upsetting period in one’s life, and recent empirical studies have showed that grief reactions can be severely disturbed resulting in prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has one of the highest levels of mortality globally. Better understanding of grief experience in SSA, its psychopathological conditions i.e. PGD and co-occurring conditions such as depression, PTSD, anxiety, and associated risk factors is needed for clinical practices and public health policy. | null |
CRD42023469486 | In at-risk families with children and adolescents, how does the implementation of intensive family preservation services compare to treatment as usual, alternative interventions, or a waiting list (with no care) in impacting the prevention of out-of-home placement, reduction of child maltreatment incidents, improvement in family functioning, reduction of child problems associated with parental issues, and enhancement of parenting skills? | The focus of this research is on Intensive Family Preservation Programs (IFPS), interventions designed to enhance the well-being of at-risk families with children and adolescents. IFPS is typically applied in situations where there is a significant risk of out-of-home placement for the child, instances of child maltreatment within these families, family functioning issues including communication problems and conflicts, as well as challenges related to child behavioral, emotional, or psychological problems often associated with parental stressors. Additionally, IFPS seeks to improve the parenting skills and competencies of caregivers within these families, recognizing the pivotal role effective parenting plays in child well-being. Employing a multi-level meta-analysis approach, this research comprehensively evaluates the impact and cost-effectiveness of IFPS programs across various dimensions of family well-being and child outcomes in these challenging circumstances. | null |
CRD42023493533 | 1. What behaviour change techniques (BCTs), as defined by The Behaviour Change Techniques Ontology (Marques et al., 2023), are used in digital health interventions for Stroke Rehabilitation?
2. What behaviours (i.e. diet, exercise, mental health, physical activity, medication adherence, lifestyle) are targeted in digital health interventions?
3. What modes of delivery (i.e. wearables, mobile apps, gamification, social community support, expert interaction with psychologists, virtual reality) are used to modify health behaviour?
4. What outcomes (i.e. engagement markers, follow-up, monitoring of behaviour changes, validation of results gathered) are reported?
5. What behaviour change techniques are utilised in digital health interventions for stroke rehabilitation, and what evidence exists regarding their effectiveness in improving outcomes? | We plan to review health interventions focused on stroke rehabilitation. These may include interventions targeting physical recovery, cognitive enhancement, and improvements in activities of daily living. No restriction will be placed on the study size, and the behaviour change theory reported. | null |
CRD420251015607 | To systematically analyze the effectiveness and limitations of group therapy in improving mental and cognitive issues in patients with depression, both domestically and internationally, and to explore potential optimization strategies, providing references for clinical practice and research. | Children, adults and elderly with depression Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy; Art Therapy; Mindfulness | null |
CRD42024539718 | Provide an overview of the effectiveness of structured physical activity (PA) on young people's mental health, synthesising the umbrella reviews on the topic and comparing the results with current guidelines.We chose to select umbrella reviews as they represent one of the highest levels of scientific evidence and summarise the results of multiple existing systematic reviews or meta-analyses, allowing easy comparison of key findings. Given the exponential growth of the field, there is the need to relate the most consistent data so far gathered with current evidence-based guidelines and recommendations for professionals in health services, youth organizations, sporting clubs, and schools to advance the field so that they can be rapidly translated into practice. | We refer to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of mental health as a state of mental well-being and no longer considered as the mere absence of mental disorders; it exists on a complex continuum, which is experienced differently by each individual, with varying degrees of difficulties and potentially different social and clinical outcomes (WHO, 2022). Inclusion criteria: children, adolescents and youth structured physical activity programmes Not applicable | null |
CRD42024547801 | How effective are each of three types of STAIR treatments in reducing PTSD symptoms. The three treatments are: STAIR Narrative Therapy and its extension ESTAIR, STAIR alone, and webSTAIR. | PTSD will be assessed as measured by different diagnostic systems and include DSM-5 PTSD, DSM-IV PTSD, DSM-III(R) PTSD, ICD-11 PTSD, ICD-11 CPTSD, ICD-10 PTSD. | null |
CRD42024557625 | 1. To describe the characteristics of studies that have developed or tested measures | Parental alienation refers to the actions and attitudes manifested by a child who allies strongly with one parent and rejects contact or a relationship with the other parent without legitimate justification (Bernet et al., 2022). Bernet, W., Baker, A. J. L., & Adkins II, K. L. (2022). Definitions and terminology regarding child alignments, estrangement, and alienation: A survey of custody evaluators. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 67(1), 279-288. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.14868 All populations (including both adults and children) where psychometric measures of parental alienation have been tested or implemented. The review aims to identify measures rather than interventions/exposures. The measures themselves may be full scales/questionnaires and/or subscales of parental alienation or associated outcomes (see main outcomes). Studies eligible for inclusion in the review had to have reported the development and/or evaluation of a measure specifically designed to assess parental alienation. As this review focuses on psychometric evaluation, a measure is defined as an instrument concerned with quantitative measurement of a latent construct. The review included both patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS)/self-report measures and clinician-reported measures. | Settings or populations where a measure of parental alienation has not been used. |
CRD42025635510 | Our systematic review and meta-analysis aim to determine whether in utero exposure to maternal corticosteroids is associated with an increased risk of anxiety and depression in childhood and adolescence. This broad question can be subdivided into specific aspects:
What is the magnitude of the risk of developing anxiety and depression among children exposed to corticosteroids in utero compared to non-exposed children?
Are there critical periods during gestation when corticosteroid exposure is associated with higher risks?
Does the duration or dosage of corticosteroid exposure affect the outcome? | The review focuses on mental health outcomes, specifically anxiety and depression, following exposure to corticosteroids in utero. This involves examining neurodevelopmental outcomes in the context of prenatal pharmaceutical interventions. | null |
CRD42024613249 | What is the incidence rate of neurodegenerative diseases of elderly people in Russia? | Mild Cognitive Impairment; Dementia; Dementia Due To Alzheimer's Disease; Parkinson's Disease Degenerative disease, Cognitive Decline, Dementia, Parkinson Disease, Alzheimer Disease Adults in Russia above 50. The primary exposures to be assessed include known risk factors for dementia (where available): high cholesterol, lower education levels, hearing loss, hypertension, smoking, obesity, depression, physical inactivity, diabetes, excessive alcohol consumption, traumatic brain injury, air pollution, and social isolation. | null |
CRD42020214070 | 1. What factor structures of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) best represent the dimensionality of ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision) PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) and CPTSD (complex post-traumatic stress disorder) constructs?
2. What are the most common groups (classes) that best represent ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD symptom profiles across different sample types? | The latent structure (factor analytic and mixture models) of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD using the International Trauma Questionnaire. | null |
CRD42021225689 | An evaluation of the effects of meditation-exclusive interventions on emotion regulation ability using the DERS. Does emotion regulation ability improve from pre- to post-meditation practice? | Emotion regulation is the activation of a goal to alter the trajectory of the current emotion experience, response and expression (Gross, 1998). Emotion dysregulation has been proposed as a factor contributing to the psychopathology of mental health disorders. Our definition of emotion regulation will follow the multi-dimensional model by Gratz and Roemer (2004) which conceptualises emotion regulation into four facets: (1) the awareness and understanding of emotions, (2) the acceptance of emotions, (3) the ability to control impulsive behaviors and behave in accordance with desired goals when experiencing negative emotions, and (4) the ability to situationally-appropriate emotion regulation strategies flexibly to modulate emotional responses as desired in order to meet individual goals and situational demands. This multi-dimensional framework provides an understanding of how the dysregulation of emotion can occur. In line with this model, Gratz and Roemer (2004) created the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) to measure emotion regulation. Reflecting the four facets of the model, the scale consists of six subscales: (1) Non-acceptance of emotional responses, (2) difficulty engaging in goal-directed behavior, (3) impulse control difficulties, (4) lack of emotional awareness, (5) limited access to emotion regulation strategies and a (6) lack of emotional clarity. | null |
CRD420250645939 | How do conceptual frameworks that define dyslexia as either a neurodivergence or a cognitive impairment shape the educational experiences of individuals with dyslexia across diverse cultural and institutional contexts? | Dyslexia; Education The impact of the perceptions of dyslexia as a neurodiversity or impairment on the mental health outcomes of students with dyslexia in different educational settings across different cultures, cannot be measured through quantitative methods as this review focuses on the experiences of these individuals through their personal narratives of individuals with dyslexia. In addition, there are no qualitative systematic reviews that explore dyslexia and mental health as most of the conducted reviews are quantitative, which increases the significance of this review as it enables us to understand the influence of these outcomes on the experiences of dyslexic students in schools and universities in different cultures. Indeed, research indicates that students with dyslexia and other learning disabilities face a significantly higher risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviours compared to their peers without such challenges. In fact, Teenagers with reading difficulties were three times more likely to consider or attempt suicide and six times more likely to drop out of school than typical readers (Wilmot, 2023). While these studies highlight the increased risk among individuals with learning disabilities, specific comparative statistics on suicidal tendencies among students with dyslexia between Eastern and Western countries are limited (Wilmot, 2023). Inclusion: Students who are diagnosed with dyslexia who belong to school and university settings. Qualitative studies that explore the experiences and perceptions of dyslexia in different educational settings, and their influence on the mental health of these individuals. Qualitative studies were chosen as there are lack of qualitative systematic reviews looking at the influence of these perspectives on shaping the experiences of these individuals in universities and schools. Exposure: Dyslexia and Mental health outcomes such as anxiety, depression, self-esteem, self-efficacy, confidence, suicidal tendencies, and self-harm. These outcomes can be divided into positive outcomes that are associated with perceiving dyslexia as a neurodiversity such as Increased self-esteem and self-efficacy, enhanced emotional well-being, reduced anxiety and depression due to inclusive practices and supportive environments, and Improved coping strategies and resilience. Whereas negative outcomes are usually associated with perceiving dyslexia as a form of impairment including Increased rates of anxiety, depression, and stress. Feelings of inadequacy, shame, or low self-worth. Social isolation or stigmatization. Emotional distress resulting from a lack of accommodations or understanding, self-harm, and suicidal tendencies The perceptions and experiences of students with dyslexia, viewing dyslexia as neurodivergence and an impairment | Exclusion: Students with ADHD, autism or epilepsy who obtain official diagnosis for these disabilities who belong to schools and universities as they do not align with the focus of this review, which is only on students with dyslexia in different educational settings. Studies that explore parents' perspectives, and theoretical pieces are also excluded. |
CRD42024587847 | What are the reported health outcomes, adverse events and patient satisfaction related to the use of botulinum toxin (botox) for mental health disorders? | Botulinum toxin (commonly known as Botox) is gaining recognition as a potential treatment for various mental health disorders. Research has investigated Botox as a therapeutic option for conditions such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and social-anxiety disorder. The hypothesis driving these studies is that Botox’s ability to temporarily paralyse specific facial muscles may influence emotional regulation through the facial feedback mechanism. This mechanism suggests that by reducing the ability to frown or exhibit negative emotions, Botox may positively impact mood and overall mental health.
The primary health outcomes to be examined include reductions in severity of depressive episodes, anxiety levels, and PTSD-related symptoms. The review will also assess improvements in cognitive function, sleep quality, and reductions in drug/substance use associated with Botox treatment. Additional outcomes include enhancements in quality of life, psychosocial functioning, and resilience to stress, reductions in chronic pain and better emotional regulation.
Furthermore, the review will consider potential adverse effects such as headaches, muscle weakness, injection site reactions, psychological impacts or negative mood changes associated with the treatment. | null |
CRD42024615866 | What are the most common causes of acute toxic exposures or presentations of patients in low-to-middle income countries?
We aim to search for acute overdoses, toxic ingestions, and any envenomation in LMICs, as well as outcome data, if reported. | We aim to study acute overdoses, ingestions, and envenomations in LMICs. The aim is to categorize, and quantify, as well as geographically depict the number of toxicology-related cases that are severe in LMICs. | null |
CRD42025621622 | To explore the impact of journalling, reflective writing, and self-monitoring on mental health outcomes/related behaviours, focusing on intervention design, implementation strategies, and underlying theoretical frameworks. | Mental health outcomes in human subjects | null |
CRD420250649645 | 1. Provide a conceptualisation of the experience of racism for racialised minority healthcare staff in the UK | The experience and the processes that perpetuate the experience of racism for staff working in healthcare in the United Kingdom will be studied. This will include narratives relating to the physical and mental health impacts of staff after experiencing racism and whilst working in racialised systems, as well as the impacts to services and organisations when staff in healthcare experience racism at work. This may include, but is not limited to considerations regarding staffing, sick leave, and patient care. Staff, from racialised minority backgrounds, working in healthcare in the United Kingdom will be the considered population. All staff who self-identify as being from a racialised minority background will be considered irrespective of professional group. All staff, irrespective of age, will be considered and included. Exposure inclusion criteria to include the experience of racism for staff. Racism will be defined as bullying, harassment, or discrimination aimed at staff working in healthcare, on the basis of their racial identity. Racism may be perceived as verbal or non-verbal discriminative actions. Racial microaggressions, as defined as the verbal or non-verbal forms of communication that is often subtle, will also be included in the definition of racism. Racism to staff to include experiences of racism from colleagues, patients, or any member of the public that they encounter whilst at work. Narratives of structural, systemic, and institutional racism will be considered as pertaining to racialised individuals working in healthcare. | Studies with populations of staff who do not identify as being from a racialised minority background will excluded, unless the study also incorporates the narratives of staff from racialised minority backgrounds. This study is concerned with healthcare staff working in the UK - studies located outside the UK, or concerned with healthcare from countries other than the UK, without narratives derived from the context of UK healthcare, will be excluded. Experiences of bullying, harassment, or discrimination directed at a protected characteristic that is not racial identity will not be included. Narratives of experiences for individuals who do not identity as being from a racialised minority background will be excluded Non-narrative experiences of racism will excluded, i.e., studies of quantitative research design. |
CRD42023427743 | Are positive behavioural management strategies acceptable for managing challenging behaviours in adolescent residential settings? | Identified challenging behaviours which can include self-harm, aggression, and violence are frequent in residential settings including in-patient units, residential care homes, and psychiatric intensive care units (PICU) and can lead to increases in the length of stay of a patient (Baeza et al., 2013; Dean et al., 2008; McCluskey et al., 2022). | null |
CRD42020214814 | What is currently considered best practice with regard to psychological and psychosocial interventions for adult refugees? And what do adult refugees and mental health service providers perceive to be the benefits and challenges of psychological and psychosocial interventions? | Psychological and psychosocial interventions with adult refugees | null |
CRD42023464895 | What medicines have been tried to augment the effects of SSRIs in subjects diagnosed with OCD less than 18 years of age, who have been resistant or refractory to SSRI treatment?
What is the pooled effect size of pharmacological augmentation strategies and of individual medications used for augmentation as measured by standardized instruments such as CY-BOCS in the randomized controlled trials? | Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a known mental health disorder characterized by obsessions, that are repetetive, and intrusive thoughts, images or ideas that are considered irrational or excessive by an individual, and by compulsions, that are repetetive physical or mental acts to relieve anxiety related to obsessions. | null |
CRD42025638194 | Our study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of treatments for constipation during pregnancy through a network meta-analysis. Specifically, you plan to compare the efficacy of various pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in alleviating constipation symptoms in pregnant women, as well as their safety profiles for both mother and fetus. This research will help identify the most suitable treatment options for constipation during pregnancy. | Constipation is a common gastrointestinal issue during pregnancy, affecting maternal quality of life and potentially leading to complications such as hemorrhoids. Chronic constipation increases intra-abdominal pressure, placing excessive stress on the pelvic floor muscles. This elevates the risk of postpartum pelvic floor disorders, significantly impacting the quality of life and physical and mental health of pregnant women. There are a range of suggested treatments with drugs, supplements or dietary modifications. Pharmacological interventions include medications from a wide range of drug classes including lubricants, bulk‐forming agents, osmotic laxatives, stimulant laxatives, stool softeners, and enemas and suppositories. However, there is limited comprehensive evidence on the comparative effectivenessof various interventions for managing constipation during pregnancy. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aims to synthesize available evidence and provide a ranking of treatments based on their efficacy and safety. | null |
CRD42023447589 | the long-term evolution of cognitive impairments following a First Episode of Psychosis (FEP) remains contentious. Previous reviews have focused on the first 5 years after the onset of psychosis, and reported that cognition was stable or even improved during that time. However, more recent studies looking at longer follow-up periods reported cognitive decline 10 years and 2 decades after the FEP. Considering these contentious findings, we aim to investigate the trajectory of cognition following a FEP 5+ years after the onset of psychosis by building upon the recent meta-analysis of Watson and colleagues (2022). | We are investigating changes in cognition, longitudinally, after the FEP. Here, changes in cognition refers to changes in domain-specific performance of the MATRICS cognitive domains, such as attention, processing speed, verbal and visual learning, social cognition, problem-solving, reasoning, and working memory. | null |
CRD42024606008 | In existing genetic case-control studies of PTSD, which gene polymorphisms have a significant impact on the diagnosis of PTSD under different conditions of diagnostic criteria, age groups, types of trauma, ancestry and whether the control group experienced the same trauma?" | Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Genetics.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a clinically observable phenomenon that occurs following significant traumatic events, such as war, natural disasters, or other stressful events. Over the past decade, the literature on genetic variation in the field of PTSD has grown annually. However, due to substantial differences between studies in terms of design types, sample demographic variables, trauma types, diagnostic tools, etc., the high heterogeneity among studies, difficulties in reproducing and comparing results, hinder further exploration of the genetic structure of PTSD. Therefore, we aim to comprehensively integrate current research in the field of PTSD genetics and further explore the data, attempting to identify the most reliable genes influencing PTSD. | null |
CRD420250645453 | How does facial symmetry influence perceived attractiveness, and what role do moderating factors such as averageness, distinctiveness, and masculinity/femininity play in this relationship? | This systematic review examines the impact of facial symmetry on perceived attractiveness within the field of facial aesthetics. Symmetry is often linked to genetic quality and developmental stability, but its role in attractiveness remains debated. This review aims to assess the evidence on symmetry’s influence on attractiveness and explore the moderating effects of averageness, distinctiveness, and masculinity/femininity. Inclusion:• Studies including human participants aged 18 years and older.• Participants who evaluate facial attractiveness. Inclusion:• Studies that manipulate facial symmetry (e.g., perfectly symmetrical vs. natural faces).• Studies that measure facial symmetry objectively (e.g., geometric morphometrics, digital manipulations). Inclusion:• Studies that compare attractiveness ratings of manipulated symmetrical faces and unaltered/asymmetrical faces.• Studies correlating measured facial symmetry (or fluctuating asymmetry, FA) with attractiveness ratings. | Exclusion: • Studies using moving or dynamic stimuli (e.g., videos, moving faces). • Studies where symmetry was manipulated along with other facial features (e.g., skin tone, interocular distance) unless symmetry was analyzed separately. • Studies evaluating regional symmetry (e.g., only the chin or eyes) only instead of whole-face symmetry. • Studies that only exaggerate asymmetry rather than manipulating symmetry. Exclusion: • Studies that do not include a comparison between symmetrical and asymmetrical faces in studies manipulating symmetry |
CRD42023447031 | 1) What is the evidence on the effectiveness of gatekeeper training programs on promoting suicide prevention literacy and gatekeeper behaviours in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)?2) What are the key characteristics of gatekeeper training programs evaluated in LMICs?3) Is there any evidence that gatekeeper training is effective in reducing suicide deaths or suicidal behaviour in LMICs? | Suicide Inclusion: All potential "gatekeepers", that is, anyone who may have contact with individuals at risk of suicide, including but not limited to doctors, nurses, police, counsellors, teachers, caregivers, etc. Community-centred approach Inclusion: Educational interventions or programs that provide skills training in recognising and responding to suicide risks. The content of training may include recognising suicide warning signs (alternatively, assessing suicide risks) and appropriately responding to individuals at risk of suicide (inc. offering referral pathways and/or performing safety planning). Inclusion: Valid comparators include comparison interventions and no-intervention groups. We will also include before-after studies with no control groups if controlled trials are scarce. | Exclusion: (a) programs that provide no skills training in helping other people in distress; (b) treatment, therapeutic, or psychoeducational programs aimed at preventing or reducing psychological symptoms (e.g., stress management programs, psychoeducational or CBT-based programs to prevent or reduce symptoms of depression, and mindfulness-based skills training); or, (c) workshops delivered to journalists for responsible media reporting of suicide. |
CRD42023408373 | 1. How strong is the existing published evidence for the effects of perinatal depression interventions on depressive symptoms and disorders?
2. To what extent are the effects of perinatal depression interventions durable?
3. If beneficial effects are observed across studies, to what degree is there risk of bias in these studies, and to what degree does this reduce our confidence in the public health benefits of perinatal depression interventions?
4. Are the effects of perinatal depression interventions modified by whether care is provided in medical settings versus outside of medical settings?
5. Are the effects of perinatal depression interventions modified by whether mental-health specialists versus non-mental health specialists deliver them?
6. If there is enough data, is there evidence of an interaction between intervention provider type (mental-health professional versus non-mental-health professional) and setting (medical setting versus non-medical setting)? | Depressive symptoms and disorders as measured by instruments whose psychometric properties have been established in prior studies. | null |
CRD420250650682 | What is the effect of compound climate events and disasters on health and well-being for populations and communities globally who are exposed to compound hazards compared to populations who are exposed to singular hazards or not exposed at all? | Well-being; Healthcare services; Morbidity; All Cause Mortality; Health Care Utilization Measures of health such as mental health, disease prevalence, mortality, and healthcare access impacted by direct compound climate exposure or indirectly through food insecurity and displacement. All populations globally in high-, low-, and middle-income countries. Main inclusion criteria for exposure includes compound climate events and disasters defined as:1. Preconditioned: climate drivers and/or hazards that amplify or trigger another such as snow followed by a warm spell and heavy rain resulting in severe flooding2. Multivariate: multiple co-occurring drivers and/or hazards in the same geographical region such as co-occurring drought and heatwave 3. Temporally compounding: sequential hazards in a geographical region such as heatwaves followed by heavy precipitation 4. Spatially compounding: multiple connected locations or regions that are affected by similar or different hazards within a limited timeframe Main exclusion criteria for exposure includes singular climate hazards and disasters. All populations globally in high-, low-, and middle-income countries that are exposed to singular climate hazards or disasters or not exposed at all. | null |
CRD420250607165 | The facilitators and barriers of the emotional literacy support assistant intervention | Emotional intelligence; Emotional Support Education; Emotional Support Wellbeing intervention - Emotional Literacy Support Assistants (ELSA) - school based intervention. Inclusion: published research of the emotional literacy support assistant intervention, intervention supporting children ages 5 - 18 years old in the United Kingdom. Operational Definition of the Emotional Literacy Support Assistant (ELSA) InterventionContent: The ELSA intervention supports children's emotional and social needs in schools. It includes:Emotional Literacy: Teaching children to recognise, understand, and manage their emotions and empathize with others.Emotional Regulation: Strategies to manage emotional responses.Resilience and Self-Esteem: Activities to build resilience and self-esteem.Social Skills: Developing interpersonal skills.Grief and Loss: Support and coping strategies for dealing with grief.Positive Psychology: Promoting well-being through positive practices.Delivery: The intervention is delivered by trained ELSAs in schools:Training: ELSAs receive comprehensive training from educational psychologists, typically over six days.Sessions: Support is provided through individual or small group sessions.Supervision: Regular supervision from educational psychologists ensures quality.Resources: ELSAs use various materials, including handbooks and activity guides.Integration: The intervention is integrated into the school's support system, with collaboration between ELSAs, teachers, and school leadership.This definition highlights the structured approach of the ELSA intervention, focusing on its comprehensive content and systematic delivery to support students' emotional and social development. | Exclusion: adults (over 18), research focussed on any other intervention. |
CRD42024505158 | What are the most commonly utilized Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) for assessing Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in children with short stature?
How do these measures contribute to our understanding of the psychosocial and emotional well-being of this population? | Achondroplasia, Growth Hormone Deficiency, and Small-for-Gestational-Age | null |
CRD420250581208 | How does being diagnosed or living with Pulmonary Hypertension affect how a person sees themselves (self-image/self-concept) | Pulmonary Hypertension; Poor Self-image Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition characterised by high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs occurring when the blood vessels in the lungs constrict or become blocked, restricting blood to flow through the lungs. This forces the right side of the heart to work harder to pump blood, eventually leading to enlargement and weakening of the heart. This causes symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness and pain which make it difficult for people to complete activities of daily living. This can negatively impact patients causing depression, anxiety, stress and social withdrawal. Inclusion:Diagnosed with Pulmonary [Arterial] Hypertension.All ages where self-report is possible (including children and adolescents)Participants do not need to be diagnosed as an adult, reports of those born with the condition can be included. Inclusion:Pulmonary Hypertension and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension are both exposures to be included. Papers reporting other pulmonary or cardiac conditions can only be included of PH is within the sample.Papers must report outcomes of living with or adjusting to PH and its impact on self-image/self-concept (as defined in section 39). Outcomes of the patient population can be reported vicariously (e.g. clinician reports of common complaints within the population).Outcomes do not have to be the primary focus of the study, and can be reported as a secondary finding (e.g. social changes after a pharmaceutical intervention for fatigue). Outcomes reported by patients via healthcare providers or surveys can also be accepted. The review will include any studies that compare outcomes of people with PH to a healthy population, or populations with other health conditions. | Exclusion: Does not include PH or PAH as a listed condition Self-Image/self-concept outcomes focus only on carers. Perinatal and Infant Populations Exclusion: Studies that do not explicitly report PH in their sample. No impact to the self-concept/self-image is identified. Papers that only report medical outcomes. Outcomes reported are only third party observations, and not reported by the population either directly or indirectly. |
CRD420251004025 | What are the reported sensory outcomes (e.g., monofilament threshold, vibration detection, temperature perception) following NAC reinnervation in gender-affirming mastectomy? | This review will include studies involving individuals undergoing gender-affirming mastectomy (also referred to as transmasculine chest reconstruction or top surgery) who receive targeted nipple-areola complex (NAC) reinnervation. Eligible populations include: Transgender and gender-diverse individuals assigned female at birth undergoing bilateral mastectomy as part of gender-affirming care. Individuals 16 years and older, as most gender-affirming surgical outcomes are reported in adolescent and adult populations. Patients who undergo NAC reinnervation, including direct nerve coaptation, autologous or cadaveric nerve grafting, or other nerve-preserving techniques. General health advice; Surgery; Elective Surgery PICO tags selected: Usual Care | Cisgender patients undergoing NAC neurotization for oncologic mastectomy unless gender-affirming cases are analyzed separately. Patients under 16 years old. Studies without documented NAC reinnervation techniques. Case reports, reviews, and non-human studies. |
CRD420250642508 | What interventions have been developed, and how effective are they in supporting the MH and Wellbeing of Service Personnel | Military mental health prevention interventions Serving military personnel; prevention of mental ill health; english language; Peer reviewed, empirical research; Published between Jan 2006 and Jan 2023. Papers were eligible for inclusion if they reported an intervention designed and delivered with military personnel, aimed at preventing future mental health problems, were published in English, were peer-reviewed, and published between January 2006 and September 2024. These dates were selected to ensure key literature was included. The focus of this review is serving personnel; exclusion criteria included non-military environments, interventions for people with diagnoses of mental ill health (that is, not prevention), non-western militaries, veterans, and non-empirical research. | non-military environments, interventions for people with diagnoses of mental ill health (that is, not prevention), non-western militaries, veterans, and non-empirical research. |
CRD42023396368 | What are eating disorder treatment outcomes and experiences for autistic individuals with an eating disorder? | Autistic individuals with current or lifetime history of an eating disorder (ED), including but not limited to, anorexia nervosa (AN), binge eating disorder (BED), bulimia nervosa (BN), avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) or eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). | null |
CRD420251017388 | to investigate in the literature the differences in clinical, psychiatric, sociodemographic, cognitive and prognostic variables between obese bipolar patients when compared to non-obese ones | Studies that met the following criteria were included in this systematic review: 1) Articles published up to March 10, 2025. 2) Being an analytical study (ecological; cross-sectional; case-control; cohort) in which the sample should be at least 30 patients. Longitudinal and cross-sectional trials were selected, in addition to additional references found in the bibliography of these articles, with the same methodology specified above, which were captured and met the selection criteria for this study. 3) Original studies with samples consisting of individuals with bipolar disorder in which those with obesity or overweight were compared, regarding any clinical or demographic aspects, with those with normal weight. 4) Clearly expose the diagnosis of BD in the research and follow the criteria of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD 9, 10 and 11) or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III; IV and V). Psychiatric Therapeutic Procedure | Studies that did not meet these criteria, as well as duplicates (e.g., dissertations and theses published in other forms, such as scientific articles, books or book chapters), were excluded from the scope of the review. Literature review articles, systematic reviews, in vitro or animal studies, studies that referred to patients with mental disorders in general and articles that did not respond to the objective were also excluded. |
CRD42024513550 | How do specific components of the fungal cell wall modulate the immune system in humans? | Fungal cell wall components, such as β-glucans and chitin, are notable for their ability to interact with the immune system. β-Glucans are fungi, yeasts, algae and many other organisms. They are recognised by the immune system and can trigger a range of immune responses. Chitin, is also found in the cell walls of fungi and is known for its ability to modulate immune responses.
Interest in these components stems from their potential benefits in enhancing immune defence mechanisms, potentially leading to improved outcomes in allergy suppression, and overall immune health. The precise mechanisms through which these components exert their effects involve various cells of the immune system, including macrophages, and dendritic cell and others. These interactions can lead to altered cytokine production, and modulation of T-cell responses, contributing to both innate and adaptive immunity. The increasing prevalence of immune-related disorders and the ongoing search for dietary strategies to support immune function, the role of dietary fungal cell wall components in immunomodulation represents an area of investigation. This systematic literature review aims to explore to which dietary intake of fungal cell wall components influences immune responses in humans, identifying potential therapeutic applications and guiding future research in nutritional immunology. | null |
CRD42022344954 | In children with autism, is equine assisted therapy an effective intervention for improving stress resilience and
executive function? | Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which the core symptom domains are constituted by
deficits in social communication as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour and interest (DSM 5th edition)
Further symptoms related to these challenges include intellectual and language delays as well as behaviour and
emotion regulation difficulties (Ousley & Cermak, 2014; Hodges et al., 2020; Mazefsky & Minshew, 2010). A formal
diagnosis of Pervasive Developmental Disorder (DSM-IV) or Autism Spectrum Disorder (DSM-V) by a medical or
mental health professional using either DSM-IV or DSM-V criteria is required. | null |
CRD42021281478 | Primary: Does the perception of body image differ between Latino adults (≥ age 18) and their white peers in the United States? What factors are associated with body image for Latino adults?
Secondary: Does the perception of body image differ between LGBTQ+ Latino adults (≥ age 18) and their cis-gender heterosexual Latino peers?
Secondary: How did body image change during the COVID-19 pandemic among Latinos? | Body image, as dictated by the National Eating Disorder Association, encompasses an individual’s thoughts about their own appearance, how they feel about their body, and how they sense and control their body in movement.
Thoughts about appearance can include memories, assumptions, and generalizations about one’s body. Feelings about one’s body can be related to characteristics such as height, shape, and weight. Body image that is perceived when one’s body is in motion is characterized by the physical experience or feeling of being in one’s body. | null |
CRD420250636525 | What is the trustworthiness and reporting quality of randomized trials on pharmacological and psychological interventions for preventing chronic pain after orthopedic and musculoskeletal surgeries?How do these aspects, assessed using the TRACT and CONSORT checklists, relate to bibliographic characteristics such as journal impact factor, single-center versus multi-center, geographic region, institutional affiliation, and risk of bias? | Chronic Postoperative Pain; Psychiatric Pharmacologic Management; Therapeutic Psychology Chronic pain following orthopedic and musculoskeletal surgeries is a persistent condition that significantly affects patients' quality of life, functional abilities, and mental health. Despite advances in surgical techniques and perioperative care, a substantial proportion of patients develop chronic post-surgical pain, which is associated with complex pathophysiological mechanisms and its prevention remains a critical challenge in the healthcare domain. We will include randomized trials that enrolled adult patients undergoing musculoskeletal or orthopedic surgeries and assessed pain at three months or more after surgery. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug; Antidepressants; Corticosteroids; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Psychotherapy; Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy Eligible interventions include perioperative pharmacological treatments (e.g., NSAIDs, gabapentinoids, antidepressants, corticosteroids) and psychological interventions (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, guided imagery, mindfulness-based therapy) delivered individually, in groups, or in combination. Eligible interventions aim to prevent CPSP in patients undergoing musculoskeletal or orthopedic surgeries. PICO tags selected: Placebo; Usual Care; Waiting list control The interventions will be compared against placebo, usual care, no treatment, or waitlist control groups, as well as other active pharmacological or psychological interventions. | The exclusion criteria for this review include trials involving pediatric patients, studies assessing acute pain or pain within three months post-surgery, studies without relevant outcome data, dose-finding studies, and trials combining treatments with non-uniform co-interventions such as physical therapy. We will exclude dose-finding trials, studies without relevant outcome, and those combining pharmacological or psychological interventions with other treatments (e.g., physical therapy) unless the co-interventions were uniformly applied across all participants. Exclusion criteria for comparators include studies without a relevant control group (e.g., no treatment or placebo), and trials comparing interventions with non-standard treatments or co-interventions that are not uniformly applied across all participants. |
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