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[ "4 Amazing Archaeological Discoveries Spotted by Satellite\nSince human flight was first possible, aerial archaeology has assisted researchers in uncovering previously unknown sites that are imperceptible from the ground. Today, thanks to advanced technology, remote sensing has moved higher above the Earth: Aerial archaeology is now sometimes space archaeology. By examining maps of the planet's surface taken from space, laptop-based Indiana Joneses can search vast areas for anomalies that could indicate evidence of the human past hidden for centuries. Below are four amazing archaeological discoveries spotted from space.\n1. 3100 SETTLEMENTS, 1000 LOST TOMBS, AND 17 PYRAMIDS ACROSS EGYPT\nSarah Parcak is a space archaeologist and Egyptologist who since 2003 has discovered numerous archaeological sites across Egypt, all through her computer. Parcak specializes in analyzing satellite images taken from 400 miles overhead, processing the pictures to highlight parts of the electromagnetic spectrum the naked human eye cannot see. This allows her to note anomalies that could denote archaeological sites hidden underground.\nIt is highly specialized work. The tiny blips on the maps would mean nothing to the uninitiated, but to Parcak they provide clues that have led her to discover the location of 17 potential pyramids, some 3100 settlements, and 1000 lost tombs across Egypt. Parcak also used remote sensing to identify the location of the lost city of Tanis, which gained notoriety when it was featured in Raiders of the Lost Ark. The network of streets and houses of Tanis are completely invisible at ground level, and yet using infrared satellite images, Parcak was able to show the massive extent of the ancient settlement.\nParcak gave a hugely popular TED talk on space archaeology in 2012, and in 2015 was awarded the 2016 $1 million TED prize. She's used the money to create the citizen science platform GlobalXplorer, which allows anyone to analyze images from space in order to discover more lost archaeological sites across the globe—and spot evidence of looters.\n2. THE FINAL DAYS OF THE MAYAN CIVILIZATION\nThe heavily forested Petén region of northern Guatemala is home to some of the most important Maya ruins in Central America, including Tikal. Archaeologists have been working with NASA using remote sensing to examine the Petén jungle from space in the hope of identifying lost sites associated with the Maya, whose culture reached the height of its power and influence from the 7th to the 9th centuries—and then collapsed around the turn of the 10th century.\nIn order to gain a greater understanding of this collapse, Tom Sever, the first archaeologist to work for NASA, has been analyzing images taken from an agency satellite program known as SERVIR which was launched from Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama in 2005. Sever has used the images to further his theory—one also promoted by Jared Diamond in his popular book Collapse but not accepted by all Maya scholars—that what brought down the Maya was self-induced ecological disaster. The images indicate that the Maya used slash-and-burn agricultural practices that led to severe deforestation. They also drained the wetlands known as bajos, as evidenced by images of ancient drains, causing drought and resulting in an increase in temperature. The fate of the Maya is now often held up as a prime example of the risk of deforestation and climate change.\n3. HOW AND WHERE THE EASTER ISLAND MOAI WERE MOVED\nThe iconic statues on Easter Island have fascinated archaeologists since they were first noted by a Dutch explorer in 1722. But the biggest mystery is how the Rapa Nui managed to transport these enormous monoliths from the quarries where they were made to numerous sites across the island without the help of large animals or cranes.\nIn 2012, Carl Lipo of California State University and Terry Hunt of the University of Hawaii used satellite imagery to trace the ancient path of the stones from the quarry to various points around the island, identifying seven major roads [PDF]. The discovery of these routes led Lipo and Hunt to suggest that the upright statues might have been “walked” to their destinations, using ropes to tilt and turn the monoliths into motion. To test out their theory, the National Geographic Society’s Expeditions Council funded an experiment in which a concrete 10-foot, 5-ton copy of a moai was constructed. Using strong ropes, 18 people were able to fairly easily walk the massive statue a few hundred yards.\n4. THE LOST CITY OF IRAM/UBAR\nFive thousand years ago, a grand city in the deserts of Oman formed the center of the valuable frankincense trade. Known as Iram or Ubar, the legendary city was mentioned in both the Koran and The Thousand and One Nights (a.k.a. The Arabian Nights). Yet no modern trace of this once great city could be found. Notable explorer T. E. Lawrence (\"Lawrence of Arabia\") referred to it as “the Atlantis of the sands,” and some historians began to doubt it had ever existed. The mystery of the lost city was sufficiently tantalizing to attract the notice of NASA, who agreed to scan the area with a shuttle radar system after being approached by filmmaker and explorer Nicholas Clapp.\nA Challenger space mission in 1984 provided the perfect opportunity to scan the desert of Oman from space, searching for geological features hiding under the sand. The resultant pictures revealed ancient caravan routes, which would have been packed down over hundreds of years by the camel trains traveling between trade hubs, the intersections of these roads providing clues as to potential locations for a city. Using this information, archaeologists began to dig at promising locations, and in 1991 Clapp and his team uncovered a many-towered fortress (like that described in the Koran), which would have been the home of the king and hub for the storage of frankincense. This led them to believe that they had finally uncovered the lost city of Ubar.\nAncient sources claimed that the city had disappeared into the Earth after its citizens angered Allah with their lavish and sinful way of life. Evidence from the site in Oman suggests that the destruction of the city occurred due to the appearance of a giant sinkhole, explaining how this once great city was lost to the sands." ]

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[ "A smart building is any structure that uses automated processes to automatically control the building’s operations including heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, security and other systems. A smart building uses sensors, actuators and microchips, in order to collect data and manage it according to a business’ functions and services. This infrastructure helps owners, operators and facility managers improve asset reliability and performance, which reduces energy use, optimizes how space is used and minimizes the environmental impact of buildings. Landscape integrates all the various controls and puts the management in one seamless control panel. Allowing you to manage your entire property from one web based interface anywhere in the world. Landscape was designed so that your existing infrastructure need not be replaced. Our team of skilled developers have configured thousands of devices from various manufacturers allowing us to integrate all your existing hardware. Call us today for a site evaluation.\nAt the most fundamental level, smart buildings make occupants more productive with lighting, thermal comfort, air quality, physical security, sanitation and more at lower costs and environmental impact than buildings that are not connected.\nSmart office buildings, health care facilities, hospitals, educational facilities, stadiums and many other types of smart buildings exist around the world.\nThe creation of a smart building\nMaking a smart building, or making a building smart, begins by linking core systems such as lighting, power meters, water meters, pumps, heating, fire alarms and chiller plants with sensors and control systems. At a more advanced stage, even elevators, access systems and shading can become part of the system.\nThere is no single set of standards that makes up what a smart building is, but what they all have in common is integration. Landscape is your gateway to creating a smart building.\nYou don’t even need to move offices or create a new building to work in a smart building. Building automation systems like those from Honeywell or Johnson Controls exist so property owners can take advantage of the power available in older structures with the integration made possible through the Landscape framework..\nCreating or transforming a building into a smart building is beneficial for both the owner and the organizations working within.\nThese benefits range from energy savings to productivity gains to sustainability. Smart building strategies can reduce energy costs, increase the productivity of the facility staff, improve building operations, support sustainability efforts and enhance decision-making across the organization.\nOne example of energy efficiency is the use of optimal start/stop, which allows the building automation system to learn when it should bring the air conditioning system online for a particular zone in the building. Another feature is electrical loads that are grouped into categories from critical to high priority to non-essential. When the building load is rising and approaching the high limit setting, the nonessential loads are turned off in their subgroup order, followed by the high-priority loads." ]

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[ "i L A B O V E R V I E W\nScenario and Summary\nIn this assignment, you will learn to create an Access database from a given ERD. To complete this assignment, you will need to be able to run Access 2010, either through Citrix or installed on your workstation or laptop.\nName your Access database file using Lab3_, your first initial, and your last name (e.g., Lab3_JSmith.accdb). Create and save your Access database file. When you are done, submit your database to the Course Project Dropbox.\ni L A B S T E P S\nReview the ERD below to understand the entities, attributes, primary keys, and relationships that you will create in your Access database.\nERD iLab Image\n# Run Access 2010, either via Citrix or from Visio 2010 installed on your workstation.\n# Select the blank database icon in the main window.\n# Save the file with a name containing Lab3_, your first initial, and your last name (e.g., Lab3_JSmith.accdb). In Citrix, you will need to click the computer icon in the Save As window to see the different drives. Be sure to save the file to a local drive so it will be on your workstation.\nSee the tutorials above for instructions on how to perform the following steps in Access 2010.\nAdd tables to the Access database.\n# Add a table for each entity listed in the provided ERD diagram.\n# Add a column for each attribute listed in the provided ERD diagram.\n# Select a primary key for each table as indicated in the provided ERD diagram.\nFor every column in every table, update the data type as needed to enforce the domain constraints of the data.\n# Dates should have a date data type.\n# Surrogate keys should be autonumbered.\n# Numeric data should have a numeric data type.\n# Character data should have a character data type.\nDraw relationships between your entities.\n* Selection Relationships under Database Tools. Move all your tables into the Relationship window by dragging them in or by using the Show Tables pop-up window.\n* Second item\no Add the relationship between the tables in your database.\no Enable referential integrity on the relationship.\no Enable cascade updates on the relationship.\nAdd at least two rows of data to each table in your database. Use any values you like for each of the columns. Remember that you must add data to parent tables before adding data to child tables, because referential integrity is enabled.\nSet the following column constraints in your database.\n# Student first and last name cannot be a null value.\n# Course credit hours must be between one and four.\n# Course name must be unique and cannot be a null value.\n# Instructor first and last name cannot be a null value.\n# Grade must be one of these values: A, B, C, D, F, I, W, or E. W signifies withdrawn and E signifies enrolled.\nWhen you are done, save the file on your local hard drive and upload it to the Course Project Dropbox. Your file should have the following filename format: Lab3_FirstInitialLastName.accdb.\nFor instructions on how to copy files between the Citrix server and your local machine, watch the iLab tutorial, Copying Files from Citrix, located in the iLab menu tab under Course Home.\nSubmit your assignment to the Dropbox located on the silver tab at the top of this page.\nEach query is worth 10 points. Points for each query will be awarded according to the following rubrics.\n* 10 points: Assignment delivered as an Access database\n* 20 points: Table created for each entity in the provided E-R model\n* 10 points: Column created for each attribute in the provided E-R model\n* 5 points: Primary key added for each table with unique constraints specified as column properties\n* 10 points: Data type set for each attribute\no Dates should have a date data type.\no Surrogate keys should be autonumbered.\no Numeric data should have a numeric data type.\no Character data should have a character data type.\n* 20 Points: Relationships created as shown on the provided E-R model\no Relationships enabled for referential integrity\no Relationships enabled for cascade updates.\n* 10 Points: At least two rows of data added for each table\n* 15 Points: Column constraints added as indicated in project description, checked by adding rows to data with invalid values\no Student name cannot be set to null.\no Course credit hours are restricted to between one and four.\no Course name must be unique and cannot be set to null.\no Instructor last name and first name cannot be set to null.\no Grade is restricted to be one of these values, A, B, C, D, F, I, W, or E (enrolled).\nThis assignment is subject to the late policy outlined in the Syllabus.\n* You can also use 2CO option if you want to purchase through Credit Cards/Paypal but make sure you put the correct billing information otherwise you wont be able to receive any download link.\n* Your paypal has to be pre-loaded in order to complete the purchase or otherwise please discuss it with us at [email protected].\n* As soon as the payment is received, download link of the solution will automatically be sent to the address used in selected payment method.\n* Please check your junk mails as the download link email might go there and please be patient for the download link email. Sometimes, due to server congestion, you may receive download link with a delay.\n* All the contents are compressed in one zip folder.\n* In case if you get stuck at any point during the payment process, please immediately contact us at [email protected] and we will fix it with you.\n* We try our best to reach back to you on immediate basis. However, please wait for atleast 8 hours for a response from our side. Afterall, we are humans.\n* Comments/Feedbacks are truely welcomed and there might be some incentives for you for the next lab/quiz/assignment.\n* In case of any query, please donot hesitate to contact us at [email protected].\n* MOST IMPORTANT Please use the tutorials as a guide and they need NOT to be used for any submission. Just take help from the material.\n******************************************** Good Luck ***************************************************\nAny personal information received will only be used to fill your order. We will not sell or redistribute your information to anyone.\nWe will try our best to resolve the issue and if still persists we can discuss for a refund in case its required." ]

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[ "Select the brand of your car\nElectric cars are vehicles powered by an electric motor. While this development is often seen as modern and ingenious, the EV actually was there before the fuel engine. Read more about this under the header: History of the electric car.\nFor more information regarding the available models and corresponding products like chargingcables or chargingstations You can click on the logo in the chart below.\nSelect Your brand and find the best chargingsolutions for Your EV!\nHistory of electric vehicles\nThe first electric cars where scale models, made by the Dutchman Sibrandus Stratingh. He based his models on the calculations of Michael Faraday, pioneer in the field of electricity.\nAt the end of the 19th century the electric motor was competing with the fuel powered engines. The big problem back then with EV’s was the energy density of rechargable batteries. This was about 80 to 300 times smaller then the petrol or diesel equivalent. This is why the electric cars where equipped with heavy internal batteries making them super heavy and extremely limited in range and speed.\nDuring the Second World War and in the Seventies the electric car became relevant again because of heavy oil shortages, although sustainable concepts did not really got developed or got any traction commercially.\nBack in the 90’s the electric car got a new revival. Big names like Ford and GM developed EV’s. The American program ‘zero emission vehicles’ presented a plan to make the American roads emission free. While back then the plan did not really materialize and the developed EV’s got destroyed, it did form the basis of the sustainable trend we see today.\nSince 2008 the electric automobility made a huge leap forward. With the introduction of the Tesla Roadster and EV projects from Toyota and Honda the electric car got a new distinction. Nowadays alsmost every brand features an electric model in their portfolio. The availble choices for driving EV are pretty extensive now in 2018." ]

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[ "NASA funds concept for gigantic radio telescope on far side of Moon\nNASA is exploring the potential of building an enormous radio telescope on the far side of the Moon in a vast, hollowed-out crater. The telescope’s reflector would be comprised of a 1-km (0.6-mile) diameter wire mesh that would be pulled into place by wall-climbing robots.\nThe telescope has been funded under the NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) program, which fosters the development of some of the wildest and, as the name suggests, innovative projects that could one day revolutionize science and exploration missions.\nSpace agencies around the globe are trying to find the most imaginative and practical ways to make use of the resources already present on solar system bodies – such as the Moon and Mars – in order to make ambitious projects a reality. This is because in-situ resource utilization doesn’t require massive amounts of materials to be transported from Earth into space at an average cost of US$10,000 for a 0.45-kg (1-lb) payload.\nIt is, therefore, hardly surprising that the idea of using the Moon’s own geography to construct a vast radio telescope garnered NIAC investment.\nUnder the current proposal, a telescope lander, which would presumably host the main science payload, would descend to the center of a 3-5 km (1.8-3.1 mile) diameter crater located on the far side of the Moon. A separate lander, containing the rovers designed to construct the telescope, would land beyond the rim of the crater.\nThe rovers would move into position around the rim, and send a component down to rendezvous with the telescope lander. Once there, they would connect themselves to guide wires that would then be used to hoist the observatory’s receiver and its reflector into place – suspended high above the crater floor.\nRadio waves, such as those that the proposed Lunar Crater Radio Telescope (LCRT) saturate the cosmos. They are emitted by a wide array of extraterrestrial objects including planets, stars, supernova remnants and the galactic center.\nEarthbound observatories have made great strides in revealing the radio fingerprint of the cosmos, however they are bound by certain restrictions. Ground-based telescopes constantly contend with radio interference stemming from Earthly sources, technological and otherwise.\nEven without interference, It would be impossible for an Earthly telescope to probe the full breadth of radio wavelengths emanating from extraterrestrial sources. This is because wavelengths greater than 10 m (33 ft) (frequencies below 30 MHz) are reflected away by our planet’s powerful ionosphere.\nThe LCRT however would have no such trouble observing these hitherto unexplored wavelengths, as it wouldn't have to peer through Earth's dense atmosphere. It’s position on the far side of the Moon would also shield the delicate would-be telescope from radio interference emanating from Earth.\nIf the LCRT were ever to come to fruition, it would be the largest filled-aperture radio telescope in the Solar System. Its 1-km reflector would be twice the size of China’s terrestrial FAST observatory, which has a reflector spanning 500 m (1,640 ft), and is currently the largest filled-aperture radio telescope ever constructed.\nThe telescope has been accepted into the first phase of the 2020 NIAC program, which grants $125,000 to explore the viability of the project and develop it over the course of nine months for submission to phase two.\nPlease keep comments to less than 150 words. No abusive material or spam will be published." ]

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[ "This book is printed in color and highlights learning objectives that are common to both early u. Hold your mouse over the name of a skill to view a sample question. This document demonstrates how and where scott foresman social studies meets the nevada integrated social studies standards. Learning science concepts and vocabulary building inquiry, stem, and 21st century skills incorporating math and writing in each science. Pearson world history, florida edition invites students to experience the impact of history through engaging stories from some of the most compelling and eventful times in the history of our world. Networks social studies florida trade book library. This is an fsa style assessment that goes along with the florida go math. Learn 4th social studies harcourt florida with free interactive flashcards. Macmillanmcgraw hill social studies, grade 4, standardized test prep and practice teachers edition. Florida social studies florida studies teacher edition. Look for the science notebooking strategies generate ideas and summarize ideas that begin.\nClick on the name of a skill to practice that skill. Social studies resources this document is intended to provide resources to support instruction of the florida next generation sunshine state standards and the florida department of educations social studies education program. The mystery of the missing lunch grade 4unit 1 2 at home. Extensive teacher and student resources are available, including maps, stereoviews, movies, music, and more. I am also able to integrate reading standards into my social studies lessons by using suggestions from the teaching supplements. Codes for online access to social studies instructional. There are 3 activities, plus a complete answer key. Harcourt 5 grade worksheets lesson worksheets harcourt math practice workbook grade 5 book. Online social studies textbook interactive social studies. Rev 052012 fourth grade social studies page 8 gradelevel curriculum guide quarter 1 floridas land and early people unit 1 benchmark text alignment additional resourcesactivities supplemental literature open.\nGrade 4 science instructional focus toolkit the grade 4 science instructional focus toolkit has been created to assist teachers in identifying activities that are well aligned to the benchmarks. Finally, gateway to early american history is a new middleschool text especially designed for schools and districts that have swapped their grade 6 and grade 8 social studies courses. Okaloosa county school district curriculum guide for social studies rev 052012 fourth grade social studies page 6 quarter 3 quarter 4 ss. Learn about different cultures, countries, and geographical areas with these engaging worksheets. Standards are in black and ixl math skills are in dark green. Tutorials watch and more about how go homework and as a teacher in their math grade math. You will be glad to know that right now go math florida grade 4 teacher edition pdf is available on our online library. Until then, you can view a complete list of seventhgrade standards below. Houghton mifflin social studies south carolina free materials grade 4 united states history. There is a quiz for each lesson in unit 1 4 altogether addressing standards ss. Social studies resources florida department of education. Social studies book for 4th grade florida students. And by having access to our ebooks online or by storing it on your computer, you have convenient answers with go math florida 5th grade teacher edition pdf. Social studies 5th grade rise of corporations, practice book, social studies 5th grade world war ii post war name, spelling practice book, additional practice in grammar usage and mechanics, practice.\nFrom the lesson page, go math homework grade 4 answers. This toolkit is not intended to replace your districts curriculum or to be solely used to address the benchmarks. Macmillanmcgraw hill social studies, grade 6, teacher s edition volume 1. Have the student select two or three favorite books and tell you the main character, problem, and solution in each. Assistance for teachers in assessed areas is available in the teacher toolkits. Powerful and flexible standardsbased curriculum to spark inquiry and ensure social studies mastery.\nThis pdf book include houghton mifflin practice grade 4 answer key guide buy harcourt social studies homework and practice book teacher edition grade 4 states and regions, isbn. Built on the feedback of florida educators, florida elevate science creates a personal, relevant and engaging classroom experience. Interactive social studies textbooks help you as a teacher to get more out of. Paxtang elementary 3530 rutherford street harrisburg, pa 17111 717. Land and water lesson 3 climate and resources lesson 4 floridas regions. Go math florida grade 4 teacher edition pdf access secure online ebook go math florida grade 4 teacher edition pdf if you serious looking for ebook go math florida grade 4 teacher edition pdf. Harcourt grade 4 2 name practice book readers guide read each section of the hot and cold summer. Mystory videos, developed in partnership with nbc learn, open each chapter and invite florida students to engage in the personal story of an individual whose life is related to the content.\nUsing estimation to check math grade go math florida grade pdf. I created these short, 10 question multiple choice and fill in the blank quizzes to go along with the 4th grade mcgraw hill florida social studies florida studies textbook. A hist y of the w ld early ages, 201st florida edition spielvogel march 2017 9780076617579 or 9780076595440 87. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. Student edition volume 4 grade 1 2014 by houghton mifflin harcourt and a great selection of related books, art. Allinone planner with assessment cdrom audiotext cd collection student edition, cdrom. Jul 01, 20 the teacher edition offers a number of additional tools for formative assessment. Teacher materials for fifth grade harcourt social studies reflections sent bo item description teacher editions volume 1 and volume 2 teachers resource package includes. Delivers teacher directed, intensive instruction to develop conceptual understanding and problem solving.\nThis grade textbook scavenger hunt correlates with the mcgraw hill florida. Syncblasts 612 engaging mediarich social studies supplement to build critical thinking, writing, and research skills. Ixls seventhgrade skills will be aligned to the math florida standards mafs soon. Learn social studies grade 4 harcourt with free interactive flashcards. In grade 4, overarching chapters cover the basics social studies, reading globes, weather and climate, and latitude and longitude. Early years teacher s edition 2 vol 061846319 4 157656 us history. Go math florida 5th grade teacher edition pdf we have made it easy for you to find a pdf ebooks without any digging. Horizons multidimensional physical education curriculum looks to goals beyond that of pure physical fitness.\nSee more ideas about 4th grade social studies, social studies and florida. Students will be involved from the first to the last minute of every lesson in an interactive magazinestyle student edition that matches the way todays students learn best. Mystory videos, developed in partnership with nbc learn, open each chapter and invite florida students to engage in the personal story of an. Correlation page references are to the teachers edition.\nLessons in the teachers edition contain facsimile student edition pages. Harcourt school publishers social studies national. To get started finding go math florida 5th grade teacher. Student edition grade 4 states and regions 2007 harcourt school publishers on. Pearsons florida elevate science 2019 k5 program is built for florida elementary students. Florida elevate science meets 100% of the florida next generation sunshine state standards for science.\nDownload science fusion, grade 2 ebook pdf vavsdyau. A social studies resource for students and teachers offers an overview of important places and events of florida. Houghton mifflin harcourt journeys florida student edition. Grade 4 practice and activity workbook grade 5 practice and activity workbook grade 6 practice and activity workbook atlas of the world for intermediate. A published by macmillanmcgrawhill, of mcgrawhill education, a division of the mcgrawhill. Whether its a word search or a map, discover new concepts and ideas with these fourth grade social studies worksheets. Choose from 500 different sets of 4th social studies harcourt florida flashcards on quizlet. Harcourt school publishers books list of books by author. To order call 8008489500 or shop online at myworld social studies 20 grades k5 social studies elm cat soc pages, fsd 612. Online subscription readytoteach lesson presentations, complete student resources. My struggling readers can read along with the articles online. Selection file type icon file name description size revision time user. Write each vocabulary word from the book in the first column.\nThe program is designed to help you address critical knowledge and skill development. Having the newspapers for the entire year helps me to stay on pace in presenting the. Search and free download all ebooks, handbook, textbook, user guide pdf files on the internet quickly and easily. Physical education helps children to learn how to use the body as an instrument for god, a goal which acts as the end for other objectives such as psychomotor skills, motor proficiency, expressive movement, knowledge, understanding the human body and decisions.\nDelivers teacherdirected, intensive instruction to develop conceptual understanding and problem solving. Choose from 500 different sets of social studies grade 4 harcourt flashcards on quizlet. Hill social studies, grade 6, practice and activity book. The alpha omega horizons grade 4 homeschool curriculum is a christian program filled with fun, bright, consumable workbook lessons and activities. Florida geography 4th grade interactive notebook freebie this is a freebie from my interactive notebook units with assessments for florida geography, 4th grade level. Florida social studies florida studies teacher edition spiralbound january 1, 20 see all formats and editions hide other formats and editions. Aug 20, 2015 selection file type icon file name description size revision time user. Paused youre listening to a sample of the audible audio edition. Look for the science notebooking strategies generate ideas and summarize ideas that begin and end many of the twopage sections of the lessons. Social studies is one of the most fascinating topics in school. The pearson myworld social studies grade 4 student workbook chapters are divided into individual lessons with reading skills and mediatechnologygraph skills taught throughout.191 1240 1140 1291 1085 1108 567 1041 296 1432 928 1318 1192 410 1321 1377 65 965 583 96 734 1033 1195 1428 381 186 1021 1130 650 1020 588 613 1278 1315 394 897 1062 205 117" ]

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[ "In this article, we will learn how to use the DISTINCT keyword with a SQL select query.\nInside a table, a column may contain many duplicate values; To select only different (distinct) values from a database in SQL SELECT DISTINCT statement is used.\nSELECT DISTINCT column1, column2, ...columnN FROM TABLE_NAME;\nThe subsequent statement would return only the DISTINCT values from the Title field in the Article table.\nSELECT DISTINCT Title FROM Article;\nAlso, check How To Write Select Query In SQL" ]

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[ "Hexacarbonyl molybdenum is a coordination compound belonging to a metal carbonyl complex with the chemical formula Mo(CO)6. It is a white solid like the carbonyl compound of the same family, such as chromium hexacarbonyl or tungsten hexacarbonyl. It is volatile and stable in air, and the molybdenum atom is zero.\nHexacarbonyl molybdenum slightly soluble in ether, soluble in benzene, paraffin oil, etc. It is easy to react with bromine to form molybdenum tetrabromide, and reacts with benzoic acid at 160 ° C to obtain molybdenum dibenzoate. It is prepared by reacting molybdenum pentachloride in an ethylmagnesium bromide diethyl ether solution with carbon monoxide (about 10.1 MPa) in an autoclave. Used as a catalyst, a raw material for pyrolytic molybdenum plating and an organic synthesis intermediate.\nMolybdenum hexacarbonyl may be detected in plants that handle landfills and wastewater, contributing to the formation of hexacarbonyl molybdenum in a reducing, anoxic environment." ]

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[ "Tuning creates the scales and chords and blends into harmony the vast sea of overtones of the 220-odd strings. A good tuning will bring out the piano’s “sweet spot”, finding just the right frequency for the strings to excite and bring out the best in each other. A good tuning, regulation and voicing help the piano take on a life of its own.\nFrequency or pitch means how many times a second something vibrates (cycles per second). The A above middle C is normally tuned to a frequency of 440 cycles per second (A=440 c.p.s.), or 440 Hertz. This has been the standard North American pitch for almost 100 years. Most tunings, at least in North America, use A as the starting point. Frequency doubles as the note rises an octave, halves when down an octave, thus (note the lower/higher the note, the lower/higher the frequency):\nA1 27.5 A2 55 A3 110 A4 220 A5 440 A6 880 A7 1760 A8 3,520\nOddly, many persons tell me they can’t hear the high C on a piano (some have said, “don’t bother tuning the high end, we don’t use it), though they can actually hear much higher frequencies if tested (around 20,000 c.p.s./Hertz). I believe it’s because the sound has a short duration, or sustain.\nWhat is Equal Temperament?\nPythagoras' demonstration of tension increase raising the frequency of a monochord\nTo tune a piano, the tuner must set a temperament, where the different notes are reconciled with each other to achieve the most musical compromise, then tune all octaves and all individual notes.\nThere are many systems of tuning, all producing different sounding scales and chords. Many are tempered, which means not perfectly in tune (more on this below). The physics of scales have been explored for thousands of years; the Greek Pythagoras made observations on vibrating strings about 2,500 years ago; no doubt the Chinese did, much earlier.\nThe basis of tempered tuning is thus:\nIf, starting on A, one tunes E a perfect fifth (perfectly in tune) above that, the B a perfect fifth above E, F# a perfect fifth above B and so on, tuning through the circle of fifths and arriving back at A, the last A tuned will be much sharper than the first, around 1/8 tone. These two A’s played together will be very out of tune with a pronounced “beating”, a disagreeable throbbing that’s the result of the difference in frequency between the two. The men of old called this difference the “wolf”, and devised a number of systems to sweep it under the rug or smooth it out by distributing this difference through a scale. This is called tempering the scale; equal temperament is the common method used in Western music. In this, all intervals are out of tune by a certain consistent ratio, so all scales, chords and intervals or out the same amount. Earlier temperaments were not so smooth, or the “wolf” was allowed to pile up in keys they simply avoided using, leaving other keys with purer intervals. String players and singers on their own will tend to use pure intervals that are not found on the keyboard.\nIn equal temperament, all fifths are out just a little. They have a flat, or narrowed, upper note and beat slowly; fourths are sharp, or widened and beat a little faster. Major thirds and sixths are wide and beat much faster yet, minors are narrowed, and so forth. A good tuning will have these beats slowing down descending, and speeding up ascending, nice and smoothly in all intervals. Easier said than done, because there’s an additional bugaboo to bedevil the piano tuner as if setting the temperament isn’t difficult enough, and that is Inharmonicity.\nAll vibrating bodies, from flicked skipping ropes to earthquakes, generate overtones, or harmonics. That is, they vibrate in fractions, or divisions, that are multiples of a basic frequency, and the shape they take forms waves with up-and-down and side-to-side motion.\nThese images depict a vibrating string with the resulting waves, in fractions of 1/2, 1/3, 1/4. There are myriad smaller fractions not depicted here. The top diagram “L”, or fundamental, is what our ears hear (it's really a mirage of the mind. See the article below), namely the sum of all the other vibrations much like the colour spectrum comprises what we see as white light. We’ll call this note A. The next sounds an octave higher than the fundamental, A2, the next sounds an octave and a fifth higher, E2, the next sounds A3, two octaves higher, etc. These are all ratios like 1/2, 1/3/, 1/4. Evoked in succession as sound, they form a major chord: A/A2/E2/A3/C#3 and so forth (I find it surpassingly beautiful that the basis of harmony is folded into any note). The bass strings on a piano have a very complex wave-form, with overtones that extend well into the top range of the piano. In the treble, the wave-form is much simpler, becoming a simple sine-wave a couple of octaves above middle C.\nThe tricky bit is, because of the stiffness and great tension of the piano strings, their harmonics are out of tune with each other because where the different waves on the string intersect aren’t quite where they ought to be! That is, they don’t correspond to their theoretical values. In effect, some of an individual string’s overtones beat out of tune with each other. This becomes part of the colour of the piano, but in smaller pianos it greatly increases the difficulty of achieving a nicely tempered tuning, where the beating progresses evenly from low to high, across the span of the keyboard.\nI routinely tune pianos that have severe problems with inharmonicity, but luckily the ear, with training and practise, can work through this. Sort of….maybe.\nThe “ideal” piano would use all the same gauge of wire; real pianos do not, because if they did, they’d be about 26 feet long! To produce the low frequencies of the bass (frequency depends on string length, diameter, mass and tension), builders have to wind the bass strings with copper to add mass without too much weight. So, the low A on a small upright is far shorter but much thicker and massive than that on a concert grand. This makes the inharmonicity of the upright far more unruly.\nThe science of our consciousness and nervous systems and how we perceive and interpret sound and music is called psychoacoustics. I recommend this excellent Wiki articleif you wish to learn more about this fascinating aspect of mind.\nCopyright tonecrafter music\n\"TUNING BY THE EAR,\nFOR THE EAR.\"" ]

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[ "Sahridayam samanasyamavidwesham krinomi wah. Anyo anyamabhi haryata watsam jatmiwaghnya. Atharva Ved 3.30.1.\nMeaning: God instructs that the heart and mind of all people should be similar and without any ill-will. Human beings should interact with one another in a manner similar to the love shown by the cow to its new born calf.\nThis verse instructs us that our sentiments in our hearts be the same, our thoughts be the same and that there be no enmity amongst one another. God has instructed every human being accordingly. The Vedas explain to humans that you should have love for one another by giving the beautiful example of the cow loving her new born calf.\nIt is only possible to appreciate one another’s happiness and sorrow and have unity of mind when we are friends. But when we are enemies of one another then we do not see the sorrows and happiness of others. The feeling of enmity destroys the individual, the family, the society, country and the whole world.\nThe Vedas have strongly emphasized the need to be free from enmity.\nAre deva dwesho asmadyuyotana. Rig Ved 10.63.12.\nO learned persons! Remove enmity from us.\nYosman dweshti yam vayam dwishmastam vo jambhe dadmaha.\nThose who offend us and those whom we offend, we place them, O Lord! In your jaws of justice.\nIn this way the Vedas have in many places given advice to humans to avoid enmity. There are two paths in this world - one is the ordinary path and the other - special. The ordinary path is the one in which one adopts a ‘tit for tat’ policy, i.e., if someone does good to you, you also do the same and when someone does bad to you, you do likewise to him/her. The special path is the one where one responds to a bad action with a good action. Ordinary people, follow the ordinary path, but special people follow the special path. The special path is as follows-\nThose who plant thorns for you, you plant flowers for them, because the flowers planted by you will blossom as flowers for you and thorns planted by the enemy will grow as thorns for your enemy.\nHuman beings should win over anger with peace, evil with virtue, miserliness with charity and untruth with truth. If we are to win anger with anger, evil with evil, miserliness with miserliness and untruth with untruth, then there is nothing special about it.\nBut there is one matter that needs special attention. Responding to an evil act of someone with a virtuous act, is only relevant with individuals. It is not appropriate with respect to national duties, community, society and organizations. In so far as national duty is concerned, if the enemy attacks the nation then it is the duty of the nation to defend itself and destroy the enemy. If this is not done then the nation will fall under the grips of the enemy and become their servant.\nIn so far as enemies of the society are concerned, they must be punished. If such persons are not punished then there will be no law and order. Therefore thieves, bandits and tyrants have to be punished, otherwise the society cannot exist.\nThe issue of forgiveness arises only between one individual and another. For example if someone does something bad to me, then instead of doing bad to him/her I should cultivate a relationship of friendship with the person. To do so is not easy. It requires a lot of strength and courage. Remember those who do bad will get bad results and those who do good will get good in return.\nIt is well known that a person who does not cause any harm to anyone will have a feeling of distress against the one who causes harm. Because of this the aggrieved person talks ill of the other person. The person would not even appreciate his good qualities. By criticizing the person causing the grief, the aggrieved person wants to bring peace of mind to himself/herself. But his/her mind becomes even more restless. He/she continues to suffer with the feeling of revenge.\nWhen people become enemies of good persons, the good persons do not pay attention to their evils, they forget their bad deeds. There is no effect on them of the bad deeds done to them. They do not even remember that someone had done bad to them. This is the greatness of such people. They regard even their enemies as their own people. In their mind every one is same. It is very difficult for an ordinary person to achieve this state of mind. Regular practice is essential for this.\nA poet has said “I have heard that those who follow the path of God do not even disturb the hearts of their enemies. Where will you find this state of mind? Your fight is with your own friends.”\nExamples of great persons on this subject matter show how they had won over enmity. What was their reaction towards their enemies?\nThe great King Ram was exiled because of Kekai. Shree Ram accepted the exile as a blessing. Even greater than this was the fact that he held no malice against Kekai. He did not utter any bad words against her. This is a fine example of not keeping enmity.\nThe great yogi of the nineteenth century Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati was a very forgiving person. At the end of the debate at Kashi, he received a lot of insults. People threw bricks, cow dung and shoes at him and cursed him. A saint named Pandit Ishwar Singh used to live in Kashi. He saw people saying bad things about Dayanand. He felt like meeting Dayanand to find out how he was facing such severe abuse and criticism. If Dayanand still remained unaffected by all the insults then he would truly be a learned person and a great soul.\nWith this thought saint Ishwar Singh went to Dayanand. Rishi Dayanand smiled and welcomed him respectfully. They discussed the subject of God and soul at length. During this long discussion Ishwar Singh did not see any signs of dejection on his face. Dayanand made no reference to the injustice and oppression of the people on him.\nWhen Ishwar Singh saw that even after such great insults and injustice hurled at him Rishi Dayanand did not utter even one bad word, he touched Dayanand’s feet and said “Maharaj! I had thought until today that you are a person learned in Vedas only, but people have done so many evil things to you, even then you have no ill-feeling against them. I am now fully convinced that you are a great soul and a yogi.”\nRemember such persons were real yogis. Forgiveness was their religion. They had removed enmity from their heart through practice and experience. Perhaps we are thinking that ordinary persons like us cannot do so. To some extent this is true, but if we are to achieve happiness then we have to adopt the same path that was followed by the great people in the past. If happiness and peace is wanted in this world then we must all renounce enmity. We have to look at one another with a feeling of love." ]

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[ "Mr. Giggles, Cottonball and Fluffy are the three newest members of our Grade 2 population, after the trio of baby chicks hatched in class Tuesday morning. The egg hatching project is part of a larger study on life cycles of different living things, including humans, chickens, ducks and plants.\n“The kids will remember this their whole lives. They’ll never forget raising chicks and ducks in Grade 2; they’re watching life happen before their eyes,” says Grade 2 teacher Ms. Nina Duffus. “If you read a book about a chick they won’t remember it. They just learn so much more by experiencing it firsthand and by doing it.”\nGrade 2 students returned from Spring Break to find fertilized eggs incubating in both classrooms. Three of the first set of eggs – the chicks – hatched this week, while the hope is that up to seven duck eggs will hatch next week.\n“They’ve been watching the eggs, they watched them actually come out of the shell, we’ve been reading and watching videos and learning about what will happen and how it changes,” Nina says. “They’re learning about life and death. We’ve already opened one that didn’t make it – a beak came through but it died before it hatched – so we see what it’ll look like as it was ready to be hatched.”\nIn addition to the excitement around the arrival of the chicks, and the optimism surrounding next week’s ducklings, the students are also learning about the life cycle of a bean plant.\n“They have all planted seeds and are watching their bean plants sprout and take off every day, too. Generally they would be quite excited about watching their plants grow, but the plants are definitely taking a back seat to the chicks,” Nina says with a laugh. “One of the kids said breathlessly after we planted the seeds, ‘Chicks and plants? Grade 2 just can’t get any better than this!’”\nAs part of the life cycles curriculum, students are learning that all living things have a life cycle; they learn that offspring eventually look like their parents (but not always at birth); they compare the needs of humans, chicks, ducks and plants; and they learn what is necessary for life and to sustain life.\nThe students are learning about the in-class incubators and heaters, and how the technology takes the place of the mother for the baby chicks.\nNina says the classes will keep the chicks and the ducks as long as possible, before the chicks are returned to farms up-Island (where their eggs came from) and the ducks are brought to a different farm.\n“They are just so engaged by this, and not only the Grade 2s, but the whole school,” Nina says. I arrive in the morning and kids from all grades are watching me get out of my car because they want to go inside and see the chicks. After school we have parents and students from all grades coming in – it’s really become a community project.”\n(photos by Kyle Slavin)" ]

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[ "Project management peoples are often asked a common question: what is the importance of project documentation and how can I ensure I’m performing the function right. There’s no doubt that project documentation is a vital part of Project management. The essential two functions of documentation substantiate it: to make sure that project requirements are fulfilled and to establish trace-ability concerning what has been done, who has done it, and when it has been done.\nDocumentation must lay the foundation for quality, trace-ability, and history for both the individual document and for the complete project documentation. It is also essential that the documentation is well arranged, easy to read, and adequate.\nProject Documentation Uses\nExperienced project managers excel at making and following standard templates for their project documents. They reuse successful project plans, business cases, requirement sheets, and project status reports to help them focus on their core competency of managing the project rather than balancing the unmanageable paperwork.\nProject management usually follows major phases: Initiation, Planning, Control, and Closure.\nDetails of Project Documentation Phases\n1. Feasibility Report\nThe purpose of a feasibility report is to investigate and showcase task requirements and to determine whether the project is worthwhile and feasible. Feasibility is verified by five primary factors – technology and system, economic, legal, operational, and schedule. Secondary feasibility factors include market, resource, culture, and financial factors.\n2. Project Charter\nProject charter is sometimes also known as the project overview statement. A project charter includes high-level planning components of a project, laying the foundation for the project. It acts as an anchor, holding you to the project's objectives and guiding you as a navigator through the milestones. It is formal approval of the project.\n3. Requirement Specification\nA requirement specification document is a complete description of the system to be developed. It contains all interactions users will have with the system as well as non-functional requirements.\n4. Design Document\nThe design document showcases the high- or low-level design components of the system. The design document used for high-level design gradually evolves to include low-level design details. This document describes the architectural strategies of the system.\n5. Work Plan/Estimate\nA work plan sets out the phases, activities, and tasks needed to deliver a project. The timeframes required to deliver a project, as well as resources and milestones, are also shown in a work plan. The work plan is referred to continually throughout the project. Actual progress is reviewed daily against the stated plan and is, therefore, the most critical document to deliver projects successfully.\n6. Traceability Matrix\nA traceability matrix is a table that traces a requirement to the tests that are needed to verify that the requirement is fulfilled. A useful traceability matrix will provide backward and forward traceability: a requirement can be traced to a test and a test to a requirement.\n7. Issue Tracker\nAn issue tracker manages and maintains a list of issues. It helps add issues, assign them to people, and track the status and current responsibilities. It also helps develop a knowledge base that contains information on resolutions to common problems.\nChange Management Document\nA change management document is used to capture progress and to record all changes made to a system. This helps in linking unanticipated adverse effects of a change.\n1. Test Document\nA test document includes a test plan and test cases. A test case is a detailed procedure that thoroughly tests a feature or an aspect of a feature. While a test plan describes what to test, a test case describes how to perform a particular test.\n2. Technical Document\nThe technical document includes product definition and specification, design, manufacturing/development, quality assurance, product/system liability, product presentation, description of features, functions, and interfaces, safe and correct use, service and repair of a technical product as well as its safe disposal.\n3. Functional Document\nFunctional specifications define the inner workings of the proposed system. They do not include the specification of how the system function will be implemented. Instead, this project documentation focuses on what various other agents (such as people or a computer) might observe when interacting with the system.\n4. User Manual\nUser Manual is the standard operating procedure for the system.\n5. Transition/Rollout Plan\nThe rollout plan includes detailed instructions on how to implement the system in an organization. It consists of the schematic planning of the rollout steps and phases. It also describes the training plan for the system.\n6. Handover Document\nThe handover document is a synopsis of the system with a listing of all the deliverables of the system.\n7. Contract Closure\nContract closure refers to the process of completing all tasks and terms that are mentioned as deliverable and outstanding upon the initial drafting of the contract. This is only applicable in cases of outsourced projects.\nLessons learned in project documentation are used at midpoints of the project and at project completion to catalog significant new learning that have evolved as a result of the project. They are used to build the knowledge base for the organization and to establish a history of best and worse practices in project implementation and customer relation.\nProper project documentation is undoubtedly a mandatory element in managing projects, but it is also extremely useful in keeping projects moving at a speedy pace, ensuring all stakeholders are as informed as possible, and helping the organization make better improvements in future projects. We hope this information was useful for you and wish you good luck in your PMP certification journey." ]

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[ "Increasing water scarcity and rapid urban population growth raise the need for reducing potable water consumption and for implementing alternative ways of treating wastewater, for example by means of decentralised water and sanitation systems (so-called Wings systems). To increase the use of Wings systems, the local governments of Bangalore and San Francisco have issued policies that mandate the adoption of these systems for part of the population while maintaining the centralised system for the rest of the population. Such policies may help increase adoption rates of Wings systems, but may also threaten the fair distribution of the costs and benefits of water and sanitation systems in society. For example, in both cities, Wings systems are not managed and maintained by the water utility, but instead by the building manager, which could lead to disparities in maintenance and water quality between the users and the rest of society. Moreover, the installation and maintenance of Wings systems is related to substantial monetary costs that place a financial burden on the users. On the other hand, in San Francisco, affordable housing projects are exempted from this policy, which may have the unintended consequence of excluding low-income populations from the increased water security that Wings systems may bring. This potential lack of distributive fairness might affect public acceptability of the policies and of the respective Wings systems. Therefore, a better understanding is necessary of how the distributive fairness of Wings systems and adoption policies is perceived by the public and how this affects the acceptability of the policies and the respective Wings systems.\nThe Fair Wings project\nThe Fair Wings project aims at a better understanding of the distributive fairness of the policies as perceived by the public in Bangalore and San Francisco. On the basis of qualitative interviews and online surveys, perceived costs, risks, and benefits of the policies and the respective systems, as well as their perceived distribution in society will be researched. Moreover, the role of the perceived distributive fairness for the public acceptability of these systems and the respective adoption policies will be examined.\nThe knowledge gained from the Fair Wings project could help shaping future policies in a way that promotes fairness in urban water system design and implementation and increases public acceptability of the policies.\nFair Wings is a collaborative project across three Eawag Departments: Environmental Social Science, Sandec, and Process Engineering.\nFor more information, please refer to outputs." ]

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[ "By Ronald W. Pies | –\nMy most vivid adolescent memories of the Jewish High Holy Days are the painful rumbling of my empty stomach as I fasted on Yom Kippur, and the sharp blasts of the shofar – the ram’s horn – sounding from the synagogue pulpit.\nI was one of millions of Jews the world over who observe “Yamim Nora’im.” That’s Hebrew for “Days of Awe” or “High Holy Days.”\nThis 10-day period begins with the two-day celebration of the Jewish New Year, Rosh Hashana. It ends with the one-day observance of Yom Kippur, when adult Jews in good health are expected to fast.\nWhat is the significance of these holy days for orthodox Jews, secular Jews and perhaps even for non-Jews?\nRosh Hashana and Yom Kippur are known, respectively, as “The Day of Judgment” and “The Day of Atonement.” In Orthodox Judaism, these combined Days of Awe embody both celebration and trepidation, renewal and repentance.\nEmbed from Getty Images\nStaff members, including a man wearing a yarmulke (skullcap), prepare traditional food items for the Jewish high holiday of Rosh Hashanah (New Year) at Izzy’s Brooklyn Bagels, a Jewish kosher deli and bakery in the Silicon Valley town of Palo Alto, California, September 20, 2017. (Photo via Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images).\nThis is a time when Jews believe that all humankind is judged by God and inscribed either in “The Book of Life” or “The Book of Death.” Judaism doesn’t believe these are actual “books.” However, Jewish tradition tells us that God writes down the names of the righteous in The Book of Life, and the names of the wicked in the Book of Death.\nThe belief is that the righteous will live through the coming year; the wicked will not. All others – neither fully wicked nor fully righteous – will have their fate decided between Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur.\nThe angst surrounding these holidays is captured in a liturgical poem called the “Unetanneh Tokef,” translated as “let us speak of the awesomeness.” This ancient prayer is chanted during both Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur services, and states that,\n“On Rosh Hashanah they are inscribed, and on the fast day of Yom Kippur they are sealed…who shall live and who shall die… who shall perish by water and who by fire; who by the sword, and who by a wild beast; who by hunger and who by thirst…”\nLeonard Cohen, considered among the greatest of songwriters, was inspired by this poem and used similar words in his song, “Who By Fire.” He wrote,\nAnd who by fire, who by water\nWho in the sunshine, who in the night time\nWho by high ordeal, who by common trial\nWho in your merry merry month of May\nWho by very slow decay\nAnd who shall I say is calling?\nGiven the apprehension that accompanies these stark pronouncements, it is hardly surprising that during the Days of Awe, observant Jews often greet each other with a phrase of hope, “G’mar Chatimah Tovah” – roughly translated, “May you be inscribed in the Book of Life.”\nAs a psychiatrist reflecting on the High Holy Days, I have often wondered how many traditionally raised Jewish children have been frightened by the prospect of winding up in the Book of Death. I know I was.\nAs someone who has written extensively on Jewish ethics, I know that the High Holy Days also embody an “ethical core” that transcends religious doctrines and embodies universal ethical truths.\nThe varieties of Jewish beliefs\nJudaism encompasses a wide range of beliefs. Orthodox Judaism is based on the premise that the Torah – essentially, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible –represents God’s eternal and unchangeable rules for Jewish living and religious observance.\nBut non-Orthodox branches of Judaism emphasize Jewish ethical and cultural traditions more than strict adherence to Jewish law and scripture. They seek to adapt Jewish traditions to modern needs.\nJudaism in all its varieties is, at heart, a religion of hope and optimism. For example, the somber warnings of the liturgical poem “Unetanneh Tokef” are softened by its reminder that one can avert being inscribed in the “Book of Death” by means of repentance, prayer and charity. That is done in the interval between Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur.\nRepentance, or teshuvah in Hebrew, requires taking a kind of “spiritual inventory” aimed at improving the health of our souls. True repentance during the High Holy Days also requires making amends to those we have sinned against or mistreated. Merely asking God to forgive such sins is not enough.\nThe ethical core of the High Holy Days\nSecular and Humanistic Judaism are branches of non-Orthodox Judaism and are often considered together under the rubric, “Secular Humanistic Judaism.” This tradition does not invoke or accept the concept of an eternal, transcendent God. During the High Holy Days, emphasis is placed on how all people – Jews and non-Jews – can become better human beings.\nIn this secular humanist tradition, Rosh Hashana is seen as a time for self-evaluation and self-improvement, without reference to God. Instead, emphasis is placed on the cultural, historical and ethical aspects of Judaism.\nA common ceremony in the secular humanist tradition is “Tashlikh,” which involves symbolically casting off one’s sins by throwing bread crumbs into the water.\nTashlikh allows Humanistic Jews “…to reflect on their behavior; to cast off behaviors they are not proud of; and to vow to be better people in the year to come.”\nFinally, although Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur are quintessentially Jewish holidays, their ethical values transcend any one religion.\n[ Like what you’ve read? Want more? Sign up for The Conversation’s daily newsletter. ]\nRonald W. Pies, Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry, Lecturer on Bioethics & Humanities at SUNY Upstate Medical University; and Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine [through Dec. 2019], Tufts University\nThis article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.\nBonus video added by Informed Comment:" ]

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[ "Your septic tank has thick pipes running across and through your property. Due to the necessity of these pipes, you may wonder what you can plant near this area safely. Unfortunately, there are several species of trees that can cause serious damage to a drain field and a septic tank, so you do have to be careful. However, by using the tips and information here, you can feel confident you have found a few good options.\nWhat to Plant Near or Over Your Septic Tank?\nForget everything you have heard to this point. When you choose the right type of tree or plant, it can actually help your septic system to keep things running properly and help to reduce the likelihood of erosion. The plants that are best for this area will typically have softer, green stems and be adapted to the amount of rain that is typically seen in your area.\nBelieve it or not, trees may also work too. The key is to choose ones that have shallow roots, and make sure that you don’t plant it too close to the actual tank.\nFruit Trees, Japanese Maples and Oak Trees\nWhile it is possible to plant the three trees above near your septic tank, it can be tricky. After all, tree roots are naturally attracted to water sources. As a result, if you decide to plant your trees or your bushes near the septic system, it’s extremely likely they are going to make their way into the pipes and cause some problems. This is going to damage your home’s water flow, and the entire septic system.\nHowever, if you are careful, you can put trees with non-invasive, shallow roots in the area around your drain field and septic tank. Some examples include crabapples and white oaks. It’s best to skip the Japanese maple, as these are extremely well-known for their pipe clogging abilities.\nOther types of fruit trees aren’t going to be a very good match either. If you choose to put any type of vegetation close to your septic tank, it may wind up being contaminated by viral or bacterial elements. Just think about it…\nSafe Trees for Septic Tank Areas\nBelow, you will find a list of trees that can be planted in and around the septic tank area. However, it’s still a good idea to get them as far away from your system as possible.\nSome plants to consider for these areas include:\n- The boxwood shrub\n- White oak\n- White pine\n- Pygmy date palm\n- American holly\n- Ornamental cherries\n- Lady palm\nIf you have more questions about trees and your septic system, the best thing you can do is reach out to the pros. They can help you figure out what trees are great for certain areas, and which ones should be avoided for the potential damage they may cause once fully grown. Also, keep the information here in mind, which provides a nice overview of this important topic." ]

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[ "Solar panels: are they a scam? Many people are curious about whether solar panels are effective, how they operate, and why they are a good choice. With the help of a solar panel, you can convert the energy from the sun's rays into power for your house. Solar panel technology is sound; it is true. Although solar panels are not a scam, there are some drawbacks to using them that you should take into account. There are some misleading facts about them that you should be aware of. SmartSolar can assist you in choosing the best solar panel option for your needs. Here are seven things you must know before investing in solar.\n1. Do Solar Panels Work?\nA solar system is a device designed to capture the sun’s energy. When direct sunlight strikes the surface of the solar cells, this creates a current within the solar panel. That current is then moved into your home, where, after being converted into a usable form of electricity, it can be used to power your home, including meeting your heating and cooling needs, powering your electronics, and anything else you need. The U.S. Department of Energy says that solar panels are a cheap and reliable way to make electricity.\n2. Free Solar Panels doesn’t mean Free Power\nInstalling solar panels on your house will enable you to start producing electricity to power it. When you do this, solar systems will cost you money, either as a one-time fee or as a series of repaid loans.\nThere is no way to get solar panels for nothing and then keep them. Let’s talk a bit further about how this works.\nYou must install solar power on your home and purchase solar panels from a solar company if you want to own solar panels for your house. They can be bought by paying a fee up front or using solar financing, which allows you to pay back the cost over time.\nWhat if you want your solar panels installed for free? If you do not want to pay upfront costs for solar power, you may be able to secure a power purchase agreement through a solar lease.\nIn this case, the solar power company will maintain ownership over the solar panels. They will install solar panels on your home, which they will then maintain. You then make a payment to the solar power company for the amount of energy you use at a much lower cost than what you may have paid to the utility company.\nThis is not a solar panel scam. Many people can avoid paying up front and receive free solar panel installation in this manner. Yet, you are not getting free power—your power purchase agreement will outline what you will pay to access solar power.\n3. Can You Save Money on Solar Panels?\nThere are a number of ways to save money when you install a solar power system on your home. One of the most important ways to do that is through the federal tax credits available. This will not let you get free solar, but it will allow you to reduce your power bill through the use of solar and help to lower your federal taxes. Here is what you can expect from solar energy tax credits like this:\nYou install solar panels on your own property; you cannot use a solar leasing company for this. Depending on the year you put up solar panels, you might be able to get a tax credit. That credit may be up to 30% of the amount you spend to install solar panels on your home. That amount is then applied to your federal income tax, reducing your tax liability dollar for dollar.\nThough some solar scams promise free solar or a tax credit that eliminates the cost of installing a system outright, that is not accurate and not likely to be available. However, tax credits will reduce costs and make installing solar panels more affordable for you.\n4. Is Net Metering Real?\nAnother thing that some people may worry about is whether or not net metering is real. With net metering, you can sell the extra solar power that your solar panel system makes back to the utility company. If your panels produce more electricity than your home needs, that extra electricity can be routed to the electrical grid.\nThe utility company, if they agree to these terms, can then pay you money or reduce your electric bills further. Representatives can give you more information about whether this is available in your area as well as tell you how much you can save.\n5. Can You Save Money Using Solar Power?\nSolar power can save money. Even if you use solar leases or solar financing, you can reduce the amount you pay on your electric bills in most cases. One of the reasons for that is that solar energy comes from the sun; you do not pay for access to it.\nAfter the initial cost of installing solar panel systems, you are then able to get all of the power you need to meet your energy needs from the solar panels on your home. Though you need to make sure the solar panel system meets your energy needs, you are likely to see your power bills fall or even disappear after the upfront cost.\n6. How to Protect Yourself from Solar Panel Scams\nSolar panel scams are out there, and you do not want to fall victim to them. Solar panels installed on your home can be a very good thing, as they provide a way to take advantage of clean energy. The solar power industry is growing, and with that come some people who may not be as honest. If you are considering any solar companies or solar installers, it will be important for you to choose the right provider. Here are some tips to allow you to tap into green energy:\n- Learn as much as you can about the solar providers, including looking at the Better Business Bureau to ensure the company is legitimate.\n- Avoid companies that use high pressure sales tactics. Solar energy can sell itself since it can help you to lower your costs. You don’t have to trust a door to door salesman who comes to your door. Do your research about the solar providers yourself.\n- Ask the company how much your electricity bill will be. Find out how much the kilowatt hour will cost you if you enter into power purchase agreements PPA with a solar leasing company.\nYou Have Questions, and We Can Help\nSmartSolar can help you avoid solar energy scams by helping you learn everything you need to know about the solar industry and solar panel companies. Let’s talk about the solar market in your area and how we can save you money over paying utility companies for energy usage. Contact us today or take the SmartSolar quiz to learn more." ]

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[ "Simply Complex – The Origin of Our Body Axes\n23 August 2014\nPicture: Melanie Mikosch/Thomas Holstein, COS Heidelberg\nThe fresh-water polyp Hydra, a member of the over 600-million-year-old phylum Cnidaria, is famous for its virtually unlimited regenerative capability and hence a perfect model for molecular stem cell and regeneration research. This polyp, with its simple structure and radial symmetry, can help us understand how our body axes came to evolve. Scientists from Heidelberg and Vienna have brought this evidence to light through their research on the formation of new polyps in the Hydra through asexual reproduction. Their findings have now been published in the journal “Nature”. Project participants include a working group under the direction of Prof. Dr. Thomas Holstein and Asst. Prof. Dr. Suat Özbek at the Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) of Heidelberg University and Dr. Heiko Schmidt at the CIBIV (Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna) at Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL) of the University of Vienna and the Medical University of Vienna. The Hydra reproduces asexually by producing buds on the body wall of the adult, which then mature to form new polyps. The Heidelberg researchers delved into this process at the molecular level and discovered that a signal pathway is used that triggers the left-right asymmetry of organs in higher animals, including humans. The processes that play out at the molecular level are strikingly similar to those that trigger the formation of body axes in early embryos of vertebrates.\nOne fundamental question in biology is what constitutes the basic type of the animal body plan and how did all the more complex forms, including that of humans, evolve from it. At the simplest level, this body plan can be described by the three axes as defined in the Cartesian coordinate system. These three axes – the familiar X, Y and Z axes from geometry – are the anterior-posterior (AP) axis, which determines the position of the mouth in front and the anus at the rear, the dorsal-ventral (DV) axis, which in vertebrates separates the front of the body from the back, and the left-right (LR) axis, which creates a mirror-like symmetry of our extremities and left-right asymmetry of the organs.\nThese three body axes are defined early on in embryonic development. A fertilized egg cell begins to divide, initially producing a ball-shaped “heap” of undifferentiated cells. It is in this early stage of the embryo that the position of the first opening of the body is determined, which simultaneously defines the AP axis. “This process can be explained geometrically as a symmetry break, and other symmetry breaks follow that define the other two axes, the DV and LR axes,” explains Prof. Holstein from the Centre for Organismal Studies (COS). The genetic basis for each of these body axes had already been identified in the embryonic development of humans, other vertebrates, and even in insects and worms. Evolutionarily highly-conserved molecular signal systems act as molecular vectors to define each of the body axes and control the formation of different cell types. Many of these so-called developmental genes also play a major role in the development of cancer.\nIn their molecular analyses of the stem cells and Wnt proteins of the freshwater polyp Hydra, which has only one clearly defined body axis with one opening, the researchers identified what is known as Nodal signalling in this primitive system. “Until now we knew of this signal path only in bilaterally symmetric animals, where it is involved in establishing a signal centre for early embryonic development and left-right asymmetry. Using various pharmacological and genetic experiments, our group was able to demonstrate that the Hydra also has a Nodal-type gene, which together with the main target genes of the activated Nodal signal path, is involved in the asymmetrical positioning of the Hydra buds,” explains Dr. Hiroshi Watanabe, a member of Prof. Holstein’s group. In the Hydra, the buds break away from the adult; in coral, another member of the Cnidaria family, the buds remain attached to the adult and form colonies with complex branches. The Nodal signal pathway is activated by components of the “primary” signal pathway that is responsible for the anterior-posterior axis (Wnt signal pathway). The Nodal pathway controls the development of the left-right body axis in bilaterally symmetric animals (e.g., vertebrates).\nThe Heidelberg study presents the first evidence of the existence and participation of the Nodal signal pathway in axis induction in a “radially” symmetric organism. “We assume that this was a starting point in the evolution of left-right axis formation in the bilaterally symmetric animals. Identifying just how this complex bilaterian body plan evolved opens up other exciting areas of research,” explains Prof. Holstein. These findings, however, already point to how similar the core molecular-level embryonic processes are between the simple Cnidaria and the vertebrates, including human beings.\nHiroshi Watanabe, Heiko A. Schmidt, Anne Kuhn, Stefanie K. Höger, Yigit Kocagöz, Nico Laumann-Lipp, Suat Özbek & Thomas W. Holstein: “Nodal signalling determines biradial asymmetry in Hydra”. Nature online (24 August 2014), doi:10.1038/nature13666" ]

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[ "ACL injuries are very common and quite often are treated surgically.\nACL stands for anterior cruciate ligament. The ACL is one of the two intraarticular ligaments of the knee, the other one being the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).\nThis question does not have a straightforward answer.\nNot every patient with ACL tear needs surgery.\nAs reasons cited to do surgery, participation in sports is often cited.\nAfter a tear, the ACL does not heal itself, and the deficiency is permanent.\nThis represents two related but separate problems:\nInstability and abnormal kinematics are related, but best considered separately. ACL reconstruction surgery is very good at correcting the gross instability, but does not correct the more subtle motion abnormalities. ACL surgery has never been shown to prevent development of arthritis later in life. Odds are high that approximately 10 years after ACL injury, with or without surgery, your knee will have arthritis.\nAnd so, the goal of ACL surgery it to correct gross instability that becomes manifest during certain sports activities. It is not realistic to expect complete normality of the knee after an ACL injury, with or without surgery.\nThe original ACL ligament is not repaired. Instead, a new ligament is put in place. This involves drilling tunnels in bone, placing a ligament graft in the tunnels, and fixing each side of the ligament to each tunnel.\nThe surgeon and the patient have some choices to make:\nIn professional orthopedic meetings it is common to see vocal disagreements between surgeons on every one of the above issues.\nIn an attempt to improve the kinematics and delay arthritis, the \"double-bundle\" reconstruction technique has been advocated by the good doctors at the University of Pittsburgh. While cadaver studies have shown better kinematics with double-bundle ACL reconstruction, prevention of arthritis in real patients is still not a realistic goal. For instance, studies from Finland and Japan (Suomalainen, Fujita) have shown no difference in real patients at two years after surgery. At this point, as far as surgery goes, traditional \"single bundle\" reconstruction remains as the standard technique.\nWhether you should proceed with any reconstruction at all, remains as the more important question. My opinion is that the one good reason to proceed with ACL reconstruction surgery is the need for stability during sports that require cutting and pivoting. If you are not active in sports, or if the knee feels good enough to you, perhaps you should avoid surgery.\nBelow you will see a few arthroscopy pictures from my surgery on a 20 year old soccer player. He decided to have the surgery because he found that without surgery his knee felt unstable and he could not play at all.\nThe technique was anteromedial drilling with hamstring autograft, biocomposite transpin fixation on the femur, interference screw with supplemental 4.0 screw fixation on the tibia.\nIn this first picture, you see what's left of his old ACL. To the right of the picture is the medial wall of the lateral femoral condyle. A normal ACL blocks the view of that same wall. Instead here you see attenuated chronically ruptured remnants pf the ACL.\nIn this second picture you see the prepared femoral tunnel. This is where the ACL ought to be attached. The site has been cleaned, drilled, and you see a suture loop coming down from the depth; deep into the tunnel you see a transverse metallic wire that will be pulled down and out from the tunnel by the green suture. The suture will pull the wire loop completely out of the knee; The ACL graft will then be placed around the loop, and the wire loop will be used to pull the graft back into that tunnel. A sturdy transfix pin will then take the place of the wire, will go through the graft to hold it in place securely on the femoral side.\nHere's the ACL graft in the femoral tunnel. (Compare with the previous picture.)\nAnd here's the finished operation. The new hamstring graft takes the center of the picture.\nGraft choice for the reconstruction is important. The main decision one has to make is between an autograft, and an allograft.\nAn autograft is harvested from the patient's own body. An allograft, on the other side, is tissue harvested from a donor, usually a dead donor. The obvious advantage of using allograft is that no tissues are harvested from the patient. One of the disadvantages is a higher failure rate. The MOON study has shown a higher failure rate (20% vs 6%) when comparing allograft with autograft in young patients. The other disadvantage of allografts is the risk of infection. Click on the appropriate link at the bottom of this page for further info on allografts.\nMy own preference is to use hamstring autograft. The only downside is loss of about 10% of knee bending strength in deep flexion, which is not a problem. Plenty of European soccer players have had their ACL reconstructed with hamstring autograft." ]

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[ "Text File rules - Completing the Create, Save As, or Specialization form\nRecords can be created in various ways. You can add a new record to your application or copy an existing one. You can specialize existing rules by creating a copy in a specific ruleset, against a different class or (in some cases) with a set of circumstance definitions. You can copy data instances but they do not support specialization because they are not versioned.\nCreate a Text File rule by selecting\nText File from the\nA Text File rule has three key parts:\n|App Name (Directory)||Enter the name of the Web server directory to place this file when it is extracts from the database. Subdirectories specific to the RuleSet and version are created to hold the extracted text file.|\n|Identifier||Enter the name you choose for this file. Choose a name that is valid for both UNIX and Windows files. Use only lowercase letters.|\n|File Type (extension)|| Enter an extension for this type of file, with no period. For example enter\nEnter htc for Dynamic HTML (DHTML) files. |\nThe list of Windows file types that you can enter here is defined through a standard map value named Rule-File-Text.RuleFileTextTypes. You can add to this list by overriding that rule.\nWhen searching for text file rules, the system filters candidate rules based on a requestor's RuleSet list of RuleSets and versions.\nTime-qualified and circumstance-qualified rule resolution features are not available for text file rules. The class hierarchy is not relevant to rule resolution of text file rules.\nPrevious topic Text File rules Next topic Defining URL patterns for work items" ]

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[ "In the afternoons we have ELD or English Language Development. My class has been working on learning the difference between singular and plural and how that applies to animals. We created this chart:\nWe practiced naming animals and learned what their babies are called. We worked on describing them using the sentence frame: A ____ has ____ legs. We also matched the animals' pictures with word cards. These great pictures are from my ELL department.\nLater during writing we worked on a mini-animal report. We began by doing an interactive writing lesson (that means students and I took turns writing. I wanted them to work on using complete sentences using these sentence frames:\nI know about __________.\nThey have __________.\nThey can ___________.\nWe did cows together, then I modeled how to use the sentence frames with \"pigs.\" After that I sent students out to begin on their own.\nAfter 3 days of work there were some amazing animal reports!\n|This is what the cover of our books look like. I have no idea where the cover art came from. Probably a Mailbox magazine or something similar.|\n|I know about cows. They have udders. They can eat. Their babies are called calfs.|\n|You can make milk out of cows. Cows make cheese. Cows make a lot of things. Cows live on a farm.|\n|I know about ponies. They have legs. They have hay. They can neigh.|\n|I know about pigs. They have bacon. They can roll in mud. And they say \"oink.\"|\n|I know about horses. They have foals. They can neigh. They can run. They can have tails.|\n|I know about hens. They have beaks. They can lay eggs. Their babies name is a chick. My favorite animal is a hen.|\n|I know about butterflies. They have wings. They can fly.|\n|I know about pigs. They have piglets. They can walk.|\nI was very proud of my students and they were too. My high students continued on to write more beyond the required sentence frames. My average and struggling students were able to use the frames and sound out the missing words they needed to complete their sentences. You might also notice that we did a mini-lesson on labeling our pictures (a diagram of sorts). Many students are moving on to writing about other animals. Right now about 70% of the class is done with their first report and were able to do this activity independently. The remaining students will need to work in a small group to be able to complete this as they are struggling readers and need more assistance." ]

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[ "PLC & DCS\nPLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers) grew up as replacements for multiple relays and are used primarily for controlling discrete manufacturing processes and standalone equipment. If integration with other equipment is required, the user or his system integrator typically has to do it, connecting human-machine interfaces (HMIs) and other control devices as needed.\nSystem integrators perform similar functions for PLC-based systems. It has also become common for PLC vendors to offer support services through their network of system integrator partners.\nPLCs are fast. Response times of one-tenth of a second make the PLC an ideal controller for near real-time actions such as a safety shutdown or firing control. PLCs are best applied to a dedicated process that doesn’t change often. If your process is complex and requires frequent adjustments or must aggregate and analyse a large amount of data, a DCS (Distributed Control System) is typically a better solution.\nA DCS, sometimes called Decentralised Control System, is simply put a control method in which we have some independent CPUs. Of course, the very flexibility of a DCS system also makes it much more vulnerable to unwanted access by operators that can cause shutdowns.\nDCSs were developed to replace PID controllers and is found most often in batch and continuous production processes, especially those that require advanced control measures. The vendor handles system integration, and HMIs are integral.\nDCSs take much longer than PLCs to process data, so it’s not the right solution when response times are critical. In fact, safety systems require a separate controller. But a DCS can handle many thousands of I/O points and more easily accommodate new equipment, process enhancements and data integration. If you require advanced process control and have a large facility or a process that’s spread out over a wide geographic area with thousands of I/O points, a DCS makes more sense than a PLC, which can only handle a few thousand I/O points or less. It’s just not as scalable as a DCS.\nAnother problem with PLCs is redundancy. If you need power or fault-tolerant I/O, don’t try to force those requirements into a PLC-based control system. You’ll just end up raising the costs to equal or exceed those of a DCS.\nThe network architecture of the DCS is way easier to implement using its integrated software and hardware package. However, DCS software and hardware packages cost a lot more than PLC equivalents.\nAs users demanded more production information, PLCs with more processing power and networking became more common. PLC-based control systems began to function like a mini-DCS. At the same time, the DCS hybridised to incorporate PLCs and PCs to control certain functions and to provide reporting services. The DCS supervises the entire process, much like the conductor in an orchestra. Protocols, like OPC, have eased interactions between the two control systems.\nThe complex nature of many continuous production processes, such as oil and gas, water treatment and chemical processing, continue to require the advanced process control capabilities of the DCS. Others, such as pulp and paper, are trending toward PLC-based control. In Batch or hybrid processes automation like some steel-producing industries in which we have to use DCS and PLC together, there would be some overlaps in their functions.\nProcess control has become increasingly complex. It’s difficult to know everything about these systems, increasing the need for vendor and service partner support. Manufacturers also continue to reduce factory staff and a generation of experienced process control personnel has begun to retire. As a result, the quality of support has become a critical factor in vendor and service partner selection.\nThis article will be further expanded with more information on Industrial Networks. Subscribe to our IIoT Newsletter and keep up to date!\n#IndustialIT #IndustrialNetworks #ITConsulting #NetworkIntegration #SystemIntegration #IIoT #IIoTUK" ]

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[ "Can you really prevent the Flu? Natural Prevention Alternatives\nWhen winter comes around, thoughts turn to shorter days, long, colder nights and for many it’s that dreaded time of year when the Flu starts doing the rounds. For the elderly, very young and those with impaired immune systems, the Flu can be deadly, so isn’t it about time we looked at Flu prevention, rather than attempting to abate the chronic symptoms once they have taken hold?\nIs It Possible to Prevent the Flu?\nThe Influenza vaccine has been made available to the public for many years, after being developed in 1936, with varying degrees of success. Some people believe it has definitely prevented them from getting the Flu, while others feel that they have incurred symptoms from the shot itself.\nHistoric Flu Prevention and Relief\nHistorically, there have been many Flu epidemics across the world, which have caused thousands of deaths. Back in 1918, over 50 million died from a Flu pandemic. Many were treated with aspirin or the alternative at the time, homeopathic medicine, which appeared to alleviate symptoms and prevent the Flu from taking hold.\nMany forms of relief have been developed, from tablets and drinks containing paracetamol, to lozenges to ease sore throats and sprays to decongest the nose. Although these products may relieve some of the symptoms, the body is still left to fight the Flu virus until it has finally passed through the system. Flu prevention appears to have been overlooked, is there a possibility that we can prevent contracting the Flu naturally?\nNatural Flu Prevention\nThe Flu is a respiratory virus, which is highly contagious. The only sure-fire way of not contracting it, is to stay away from other people who have it! Obviously, this is not a realistic alternative, so the only other option is to ensure that the immune system is boosted to a point where it can fight off the Flu virus by itself.\nThere are a number of ways in which you can boost your immune system:\n- Healing the Gut – Most people don’t realise that 80% of the immune system is found in the stomach! By taking a multi-strain probiotic with plenty of good bacteria, the gut is able to fight off many infections, including the Flu.\n- Reducing Sugar & Alcohol – Sugar suppresses the immune system, leaving the body open to many illnesses and alcohol affects the nervous system, which in turn subdues the immune system. Both are Flu’s best friend!\n- Reducing Stress – By taking up meditation, yoga and other calming activities, the body is able to find relief from stress, which greatly affects the immune system.\n- Sleeping for 7-9 hours – The immune system depletes rapidly when you don’t get enough sleep. Try to aim for a regular 7-9 hours every night to boost your system.\n- Regular Exercise – Exercise not only relieves stress, it increases circulation, which in turn allows antibodies to vacate the bloodstream faster, giving your immune system the chance to fight off infection easily.\nThere are a number of natural supplements that can help to boost the immune system and thereby help with natural Flu prevention:\n- Zinc – A powerful antioxidant, proven to boost an ailing immune system\n- Vitamin D – A potent immune system modulator, excellent for fighting infection\n- Turmeric – A high-strength antioxidant, which acts as an anti-inflammatory, improving joint health and cardiovascular function\n- Glutathione – The primary antioxidant in the body, it strengthens the immune system and detoxifies the liver\n- Vitamin C – A strong antioxidant, supports and enables the immune system to function at an optimal level\nBy following the advice on how to boost the immune system, we stand a better chance of warding off the Flu virus when we come into contact with it. This is possibly a better alternative than contracting Flu and having to deal with the debilitating symptoms for days on end. By boosting your immune system, you will also enjoy improved health by avoiding other viruses too!" ]

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[ "Information for the city of Oakland\nOakland is located in the west central part of California on the east side of San Francisco Bay. It is the seat of Alameda County.Don Luis Peralta first settled the site of Oakland in 1820 when he established the Rancho San Antonio. The gold rush of 1849 attracted more people to the area, and the city's population continued to grow after a ferry service to San Francisco was started in 1851. Oakland was incorporated as a town in 1852 and as a city in 1854. It was named after the numerous oak trees found in the area. Oakland became the western terminus of the Central Pacific Railroad in 1869 and the seat of Alameda County in 1873.In the latter part of the 19th century and also in 1910, additional territory was annexed to Oakland and the city assumed its present size. In 1906, thousands of people fled to Oakland in the aftermath of the San Francisco earthquake and settled there permanently, furthering the city's growth. Oakland's economic development continued to rise with the opening of the San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge in 1936.Oakland is a major center of culture and commerce.\nIt is an important container shipping port and the terminus of three transcontinental railroads. Oakland's industries include food processing, transportation, software, telecommunications, pharmaceuticals, and electrical and high technology manufacturing. The city is the headquarters of many national and international corporations.Oakland is a major West Coast port, and the fifth busiest in the United States by cargo volume. The Port of Oakland handles 99% of all containerized goods moving through Northern California, representing $41 billion worth of international trade. There are nearly 200,000 jobs related to marine cargo transport in the Oakland area. These jobs range from minimum wage hourly positions to Transportation Storage and Distribution Managers who earn an annual average salary of $91,520. The Port of Oakland was an early innovator/pioneer in the technologies of Intermodal Containerized Shipping. The city is also home to several major corporations including rox, as well as the corporate headquarters for national brands and in recent years many start up high tech and green energy companies have found a home in the downtown neighborhoods of Uptown, City Center, Jack London Square and Lake Merritt Financial District.\nIn 2014, Oakland was the fifth ranked city for tech entrepreneurs by total venture capital investment.As of 2013, the San Francisco Oakland Hayward has a GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of $360.4 billion, ranking eighth among metropolitan areas in the United States. In 2014, Oakland was amongst the best cities to start a career, the highest ranked city in California after San Francisco. Additionally, Oakland ranked fourth in cities with professional opportunities. Numerous companies in San Francisco continue to expand in or migrate over to Oakland.Oakland experienced an increase of both its population and of land values in the early to mid first decade of the 21st century. The 10k Plan, which began during former mayor administration, and intensified during former mayor Jerry Brown's administration resulted in several thousand units of new multi family housing and development.\nInformation for the state of California\nThe economy of California is large enough to be comparable to that of the largest of countries. FY 2011, the gross state product (GSP) is about $1.96 trillion, the largest in the United States. California is responsible for 13.1 percent of the United States' $14.96 trillion gross domestic product (GDP). California's GDP is larger than that of all but 8 countries in dollar terms (the United States, China, Japan, Germany, France, Brazil, the United Kingdom, and Italy).\nCalifornia's GDP is larger than the GDPs of Russia, India, Canada, Australia, and Spain; in terms of Purchasing Power Parity, it is larger than all but 9 countries (the United States, China, India, Japan, Germany, Russia, Brazil, France, the United Kingdom, Italy), larger than Mexico, South Korea, Spain, Canada, and Turkey. In terms of jobs, the five largest sectors in California are trade, transportation, and utilities; government; professional and business services; education and health services; and leisure and hospitality. In terms of output, the five largest sectors are financial services, followed by trade, transportation, and utilities; education and health services; government; and manufacturing. Agriculture is an important sector in California's economy. Farming-related sales more than quadrupled over the past three decades, from $7.3 billion in 1974 to nearly $31 billion in 2004. This increase has occurred despite a 15 percent decline in acreage devoted to farming during the period, and water supply suffering from chronic instability.\nFactors contributing to the growth in sales-per-acre include more intensive use of active farmlands and technological improvements in crop production. In 2008, California's 81,500 farms and ranches generated $36.2 billion products revenue. In 2011, that number grew to $43.5 billion products revenue.\nI do not know how we could be in the position we are today without factoring.\nOakland Factoring Companies\nEach company has its own unique business needs, so some companies only factor invoices for customers that are slow in paying, whilst other companies factor all of their invoices. -Oakland Factoring Companies\nWANTED. FACTORING THAT WORKS..\nOakland Factoring Companies Articles\n\"\"How a Factoring Company Saved This Owner of a Trucking Company Business\"\"\nTransportation industry plays a vital role in the economic scene. As people’s lives become more and more sophisticated as time goes by, making the most out of the limited resources is the concern of all. Say for example the proper use of land to get optimum profit and convenience or what is known as the zoning. It is defined as the process of planning for land use to allocate certain kinds of structures in certain areas. This method separates the manufacturing sites from the sources of its raw materials, the employees and employers to their respective offices. This made the transportation industry play a vital role in the economic scene. It is a primary necessity for businesses of any size and of any type. It does not just transport raw materials to the manufacturers but also bring finished products into our every door.\nInvesting in a business which plays a vital role in the current economic scene is a thing that every investor should not think twice about. But business does not work that easy. The big question is, how you are going to survive the most challenging phase of establishing a business – the start. Starting a business requires a capital. If you now have enough money for capital, you can now start your business and since you are investing in a very promising type of business, finding customers is not a problem. The problem is, what if you found bad ones. Even if your customers are also managing a business and expecting cashflow, which does not guarantee that they would pay you up to date because some businesses are just ill-managed. For the business to survive, the most important thing that you would be doing is funding your operational cost – make payrolls, fuel, maintenance - it should rely on cashflow, but since things like mentioned above is very common, some business owners would resort for a loan. But that does not solve the problem of getting your receivables paid on time. As a business owner, you cannot afford the time it takes to collect the receivables, while trying to make your business grow.\nMr. Paul, an owner of a small trucking company experienced the same kinds of problems and shared how he managed to survive. “I just released my head from the stress of how am I going to get my receivables, and focused on making the business grow…”\nMr. Paul just got his retirement fee from a big trucking company for almost forty years and was thinking on how to double his money in the shortest time possible. Seeing a small trucking company as a business of great potential and is a business that he knows. When he was still driving a truck, he was fascinated by how much money the company is making. He has also never experienced a delay in his salary. When he decided to invest his retirement fee in establishing a small trucking company, everything was just according to what he expected. He started with a single truck from his home. He started with just a few clients, the ones he knew already and never missed one deadline and kept freight damage as minimal as possible. Because of his outstanding services he started to get referrals and had more work than he can handle. From then, he started to expand, bought more trucks, hired more personnel. Using the knowledge he acquired from the company that he had served for a very long time, and dedication to his work, his little business grew in a rate that he had never imagined. The business is now requiring a more strategic plan and when Mr. Paul thought that everything was going very well, he encountered problems that he failed to foresee.\nHe had customers that made him wait for weeks or even months before paying. Since his little business is rapidly growing, his operational cost is also growing . This is a problem that he never knew and never observed in his entire career as a driver of a trucking company since he was never in an administration role. He was at the verge of breaking down, his business is losing money, growing too fast, not big enough has to rely cashflow to keep up to his fast growing business. He had to make his payroll, pay his suppliers, maintenance and fill his orders. Mr. Paul thought of going to bank and apply for a loan but was denied. “Maybe because I had a bad personal credit...haha”\nMr. Paul thought of declaring bankruptcy because of the stress that he never imagined he will be handling. He had to think of how to manage his business and at the same time, how will he keep the business alive by thinking of a solution on how is he going to deal with his receivables.\n“You know that time, I, I, I just don’t know what to do... I felt that as the business kept growing and growing, I become more and more incompetent. Then suddenly, a hero came along... Just at the nick of time. “\nThen a close friend of his introduced him to a factoring company and everything turned out just fine. So what is this factoring company then? What does it do? How did it save Mr. Paul’s business?\nWell, this is how it works, Mr. Paul sells his invoices or receivables to a factoring company at a discount and not in an amount where he can no longer make a profit. The factoring company will then be the one collecting the invoices of Mr. Paul’s business from his customers. Say for example, Paul still has 100 dollars to collect from one of his customers. He then sells it to the factoring company at a lesser price, say 90 dollars. The factoring company will now be the one who is going to get the 100 dollars collectible from Paul’s customer.\nThe factoring company immediately gave Mr. Paul the cashflow he needed. He now has instant customer credit checks. He can rest well and likes doing business with companies that pay their bills on time. Save him from the stress of thinking how to deal with his collectibles, thus saving time and money. He can now focus on growing his business and keeping his customers happy. Increase his sales and cashflow.\nThe Factoring Company not just saved Mr. Paul’s start-up business but made it a big company now. It has helped Mr. Paul’s business, why don’t you let it help yours?\nI do not know how we could be in the position we are today without factoring.\nOakland Factoring Companies Articles\nBenefits Of A Factoring Company Over A Traditional Bank Loan\nAnyone who owns a business knows that there are times when the money goes out of your business much faster than it is coming in. This can put a company in a financial bind, making it difficult to purchase raw materials, pay their employees, or even keep the utilities on. The simple truth is that every company needs to have ready cash in order to keep their business running on an even keel and in order for it to grow. There are a number of different ways that a company can get the money they need to keep their business running and moving forward, but not all of these ways offer businesses the same freedom and benefits. This article will talk about two popular, but different types of financing available to business. The Traditional bank loan, and getting your financing through a factoring company.\nBank loans are an extremely traditional way for a business to get financing. While these loans are handy they are not available to every business. For example, a fairly newly established business simply may not have the assets to readily get a loan from a bank, even if they do, the standard collateral for a business loan is the business itself, which means that if you cannot make your loan payment, you risk losing your entire business. In addition, while you apply for a certain loan amount, that is all the financing you are entitled to. Once the loan is paid off, you can then apply for another loan if the need arises.\nFactoring companies do not give loans, and the money you get from the factoring company does not put you in debt. Rather the financing you receive from a factoring company is based on money your business has all ready earned, but have not yet received. Factoring companies actually purchase your account's receivable or at least part of them for a percentage of their total worth, Normally around 80%-95%. The amount of money you can receive is based on the amount of money you have earned and the accounts receivable you are willing to “sell.” Once you have set up factoring account it continues as long as you wish it too and the amount of money available to you even can grow as your business grows, giving you the ready cash you need to meet your own obligations.\nBenefits of a Factoring Company Vs. A Bank Loan\nWhile not every business can take advantage of factoring account financing (you have to have a business that has account receivables) for those that can use this type of financing there are several distinct benefits.\n1. You Won't Incur Debt.\nSince the factoring company actually buys your accounts receivable you don't actually incur debt like you do with a bank loan. This has many benefits including the fact, that this type of financing won't affect either your business credit rating or your personal credit rating. Should the unforeseeable happen and your business fails, you won't have to worry about anyone coming after your personal as well as your business assets to pay off a loan. With a bank loan, the debt goes onto your credit report, and even one late payment can adversely affect your businesses credit, and even the ability to get insurance and may even reflect upon your personal credit rating.\n2. No Collateral Required.\nAnother benefit of using a factoring company instead of a traditional loan is that you aren't required to provide collateral to the factoring company in order to secure financing, because the company “buys” the accounts receivables; not loans you money based on them. In addition, while the factoring company does run a credit check on your customers whose accounts receivables are offered for financing, the state of your credit is not an issue. This makes it easier for fledgling businesses to get the financing they need through a factoring company (as long as their accounts receivables are in good order) then from a bank, who may not feel that you have been in business long enough to be worth the risk of issuing you a loan.\n3. Receive Your Money Faster.\nWith a Factoring company you can actually get the money you need faster. Once the Factoring company assures itself that the customers in your accounts receivable are likely to pay their debt, the money is usually in the account within 24 hours. With a bank, there are vasts amounts of paperwork, then the loan has to be underwritten, which can take months before you actually see the loan if it is approved.\n4. Interest is Paid Up Front.\nUnlike a bank loan that continues to build interest that you have to pay the entire time you have your business loan with a factoring company, you don't have to continue to pay interest as they take it right off the top, deducting it from the total amount of accounts receivable. So not only are you relieved of those monthly loan payments, but you also don't have to worry about the building up of interest, as every penny in the account is yours to spend on the business.\nAs you can see, there are several benefits that makes considering financing through a factoring company over a traditional bank worthwhile. However, there are also a couple of other benefits that a factory company can offer your business is far beyond the scope of the bank. The most important benefits is that once you sell your accounts receivable to the factory company, you don't have to take time away from running your business to collect the money owed from reluctant to pay customers. The factoring company takes over that chore, since it is now their money to collect. Factoring companies are very good at collecting these debts, saving you the time and effort that you need to devote to your growing company.\nIn addition, since the factoring company evaluates the credit quality of your customers prior to purchasing the accounts receivable you gain valuable information into which customers are likely to pay and which ones are not so likely to pay.\nWhile a Factoring company is not the only way for your business to obtain the money it needs to keep growing, it does offer a type of financing well worth considering.\nOakland Factoring Companies Articles\nWhy Do Companies Choose Factoring?\nWe know that factoring is the ideal way for a business to access instant cash on their company’s receivables, but there are other important benefits as well. Factoring can be a very handy financial instrument for many businesses.\nListed below Are Six Key Benefits of Factoring\nNo. 1: Back Office Solutions\nAnyone running a business knows just how time consuming and expensiveit can be collecting payments from customers. When you employ a factoring company they’ll take over that role for you using their own collection specialists: it’s their job to follow up with customers until such time as your account has been paid in full. In addition, some factoring companies use online accounts, which means that you’ll have the ability to track your customers’ payments in real time.\nHanding this time consuming part of your business over to the factoring company frees up your time to do what you do best – running your business, looking for new business opportunities, and providing your customers with excellent customer service.\nNo. 2: Better Quality Customers\nSome factoring companies have their own rating systems for companies involved in your industry, in addition to having access to credit data on companies that could well become your new customers, and days pay information. Others create their own rating systems for companies working in your industry, which allows you to make calculated, informed decisions about both existing and new customers.\nNo. 3: Instant Access to Cash\nWhen a company provides goods or services on credit it usually has to wait somewhere between 30 and 90 days for customers to pay on their invoice, and this very often leads to cash flow problems for the business. And that’s the beauty of factoring! When you use a factoring company you’ll typically receive an advance on an invoice within 24 hours. This immediate injection of cash allows businesses to purchase additional equipment, employ new staff, and cover other business expenses.\nNo. 4: Growing Your Business\nBecause factoring provides instant access to cash, it offers you the flexibility to grow your business at a faster pace. In addition, factoring is very simple to set up. A factoring account can be created within a matter of days, whereas a traditional bank loan can take weeks. And, there’s no limit to the amount of funding a factoring company can provide, unlike bank loans. Of course, this is assuming the factoring company you choose to work with has a strong capital structure. Over a period of time, the volume of factoring can increase within months – from thousands to millions of dollars.\nNo. 5: Funding for Start Ups\nStart Ups quite often require financing to get their business up and running; but because they have no cash flow statements or balance sheets, and no business history, they’re highly unlikely to qualify for cash flow or asset based lending.\nFactoring is not concerned about these requirements because it’s main interest is in the credit history of your customers. Before a factoring company offers you financial assistance it will examine your customers’ credit scores, their payment patterns, and general financial health. Typically, the factoring company will not be interested in how long your company has been operating.\nNo. 6: Factoring Is Not a Debt\nFactoring does not become a debt to your business because it’s not a loan. Your business receives financial support from the factoring company as and when you accumulate invoices, and the matter is settled once your customers have paid in full. It’s true that if you’re utilizing recourse factoring, you, as the factoring client, assume the risk if your customers default on payment; however, factoring companies usually allow businesses to work off that amount by retaining a portion of reserve payments or future cash payments.\nYou Can Find More Information at http://richardvegas.com/\nand at allianceindia.com" ]

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[ "COVID-19 has changed much of the modern world as we know it. Multiple countries have introduced nationwide lockdowns in order to limit the spread of the disease with far-reaching societal and economic consequences. Another way to combat the disease is to develop scientific diagnosis and therapeutic weapons that can be utilized without the negative consequences, which ultimately follow the partial closing of a country.\nNanotechnology has multiple research areas that can be utilized in this scientific and technological fight against COVID-19: prevention of dissemination and early diagnosis .\nCOVID-19 is a respiratory virus infection that is transmitted by contact, droplets and passive carriers such as utensils, light switches or handles that share multiple users [2,3]. The immune system is the primary line of defense for most people, but this is not sufficient for people with compromised immune systems . They instead require e.g. hand sanitizers or face masks as a source of protection.\nChemical disinfectants that can be bought in regular stores can be used for disinfection and sterilization. However, they have limited effect over time and pose a potential risk to public health and the environment . A different method has been proposed: metallic nanoparticles [5,6,7].\nMetallic nanoparticles are particles of a given metal whose size is on the submicron scale. That is, their diameter is smaller than 0.001 mm (0.00004 inches). This means that their size is comparable to that of a virus particle [8,9]. The interaction between a virus and the nanoparticle depends on which metal is used. One mechanism of action is inactivation of the virus particle before it enters the cells of the human body. The nanoparticle can also stop the viral particle from entering the cell completely [9,10]. This role as an antiviral “doorman” can be due to the binding competition between the virus particle and the nanoparticle – if the nanoparticle binds first, the virus will no longer be able to bind and infect a cell.\nThe nanoparticles can be incorporated into face masks or can be used for disinfecting air and surfaces to limit the spread of the disease . However, their toxicity must be considered as they can possibly affect human health in larger doses .\nDiagnosis on the Nanoscale\nIt is also important to be able to rapidly and accurately diagnose COVID-19. Control measures such as isolation and infection tracking can be initiated and implemented earlier in each case if the detection and diagnosis process is fast. Nanotechnology in the form of nanomaterials can help increase the accuracy and decrease the testing time for a diagnostic process .\nA nanomaterial is any material that exists on the nanoscale. That means that their defining characteristics also depend on their small size. These properties can be e.g. increased strength or reactivity when compared to the same material at a much larger scale . This means that a sphere of gold or silver can be used for different purposes when it is very small (e.g. a nanoparticle) compared to a larger sphere.\nMany nanomaterials are already used for virus detection . Nanomaterials can help early detection as they can facilitate the detection of a target (here – an indicator of COVID-19) even if it is present in much smaller concentrations, i.e. at an earlier time in the infection cycle. The implementation of nanomaterials also requires a smaller sample – and possibly less invasive testing. One advantage of nanomaterials is that they can be designed to have specific desired properties such as optical (interaction with light) or magnetic properties. This means that the materials for diagnosis can be designed to promote a faster and more precise diagnosis .\nNanotechnology can aid the fight against the COVID-19 global pandemic. One aspect is to limit the spread of the disease. This can both be with regards to faster diagnosis (and thus earlier onset of control measures) and more efficient protection measures such as face masks or disinfectants. This means that nanotechnology can help limit the dissemination process and lead to less frequent COVID-19 cases. While it might not completely prohibit the virus from spreading, it can slow the disease down while therapeutic measures and vaccines are being developed.\nIf you’d like to learn more about nanotechnology, please subscribe to our newsletter and stay tuned for upcoming posts.\nNote: Featured image by Fusion Medical Animation on Unsplash\n Nanotechnology versus coronavirus. Nature Nanotechnology. 15, 617 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0757-7\n Subbarao, Kanta, and Siddhartha Mahanty. “Respiratory virus infections: Understanding COVID-19.” Immunity (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2020.05.004\n World Health Organization. “Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Similarities and differences with influenza”. (2020). https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/q-a-similarities-and-differences-covid-19-and-influenza\n Talebian, Sepehr, et al. “Nanotechnology-based disinfectants and sensors for SARS-CoV-2.” Nature nanotechnology 15.8 (2020): 618-621. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0751-0\n Rai, Mahendra, et al. “Metal nanoparticles: The protective nanoshield against virus infection.” Critical reviews in microbiology 42.1 (2016): 46-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/1040841X.2013.879849\n Campos, Estefânia VR, et al. “How can nanotechnology help to combat COVID-19? Opportunities and urgent need.” Journal of Nanobiotechnology 18.1 (2020): 1-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-020-00685-4\n Aderibigbe, Blessing Atim. “Metal-based nanoparticles for the treatment of infectious diseases.” Molecules 22.8 (2017): 1370. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fmolecules22081370\n Cuffari, Benedette. “The Size of SARS-CoV-2 Compared to Other Things”. (2020). https://www.news-medical.net/health/The-Size-of-SARS-CoV-2-Compared-to-Other-Things.aspx\n Maduray, Kaminee, and Raveen Parboosing. “Metal Nanoparticles: a Promising Treatment for Viral and Arboviral Infections.” Biological trace element research (2020): 1-18. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12011-020-02414-2\n Brandelli, Adriano, Ana Carolina Ritter, and Flávio Fonseca Veras. “Antimicrobial activities of metal nanoparticles.” Metal Nanoparticles in Pharma. Springer, Cham, 2017. 337-363. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63790-7_15\n Schwirn, Kathrin, Lars Tietjen, and Inga Beer. “Why are nanomaterials different and how can they be appropriately regulated under REACH?.” Environmental Sciences Europe 26.1 (2014): 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2190-4715-26-4" ]

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[ "Filenames, for files that have been compressed with UNIX compress or Gzip, should be in the format filename.ext.z or filename.ext.gz. When downloading files, some browsers will replace the first dot ( . ) in the filename with an underscore ( _ ). The browser may also change the file extension at the end of the filename (.gz or .z).\nFor example, if you are attempting to download a file which displays as filename.tar.gz on the server, it may download as filename_tar.gz or filename_tar.tar. You will need to rename the archive while downloading (or after the download completes), so that the name is in the correct format. Otherwise, when you try to open it with WinZip, the attempt will fail.\nOpening UNIX compress files\nWhen opening a .z or .gz archive with the WinZip user interface, you may not see the files at first. You will need to change the selection in the drop down menu next to the File name box from Zip files to All archives. After doing this, .z and .gz files will display in the Open WinZip File dialog.\nFalse .z files\nA popular installation program creation tool (InstallShield) uses files with a filename extension of .z. In spite of this filename extension, however, these files are not in the Unix compress format; their format is proprietary and WinZip cannot extract from them.\nIf you have any questions about this information, please submit a Technical Support ticket." ]

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[ "Argentina has a population of about 44.5 million. In 2018, the double whammy of a monetary crisis in the country and appreciation of the U.S. dollar caused a severe devaluation of the Argentine peso, with the inflation surging to 56%. Consequently, Argentina’s GDP of the year ended up with a negative growth rate of -2.515%. Although a different party has taken office following the presidential election in October this year, there is a pessimistic outlook about how the Argentine market will fare. Argentina’s GDP growth may keep falling.\nRegarding its climate, Argentina lies in the Southern Hemisphere and experiences four distinct seasons throughout the year. The southern Argentina is a subarctic climate with a temperature staying below the freezing point for much of winter. And because of its proximity to Antarctica, the temperature averages 6.3 °C throughout the year in southern region. The central Argentina, characterized by subtropical and temperate climates, has balmy weather. The north has a tropical climate with a temperature hovering at 40 °C or higher in summer and averaging 21.6 °C throughout the year. Argentina is richly endowed with sunlight, with a daily solar radiation of 5.6 kWh/m2.\nIn September 2015, Argentina’s Ministry of Energy and Mining passed Law No. 27.191, which mandates a 2025 goal of achieving 20% of electricity from renewable energy sources and accumulates 10 GW of installed renewable power capacity. The development of the Argentine renewable energy industry will depend largely on solar and wind power.\nMuch of Argentina’s electricity generation comes from non-renewable sources, which account for some 80% of installed energy capacity nationwide. Hydropower is the most developed renewable source in Argentina, representing 17% of the nation’s installed energy capacity; by contrast, solar power, wind power, and biogas together constitute a mere 3% of the total.\nSince the establishment of a renewable energy goal in the second half of 2015, the Argentine government has been working toward this goal. In 2016, it launched RenovAr, a program to promote the development of the domestic renewable energy industry through auctions. Under this program, five auction rounds have been held, with around 1.8 GW of solar PV procured. The awarded projects are being built under a 20-year power-purchase agreement (PPA) signed with the wholesale electricity market administrator CAMMESA, and they are expected to get commissioned within the 2018–2022 timeline. In RenovAr 3, the last round of the RenovAr Program, the capacity assigned was lower than in the previous three rounds because it targeted small and medium-sized enterprises with a system size limit of 10 MW.\nTo improve the adoption of green power across the country, the Argentine government permits consumers to choose green energy suppliers and negotiate the terms and conditions of contracts. It also requires that power users with annual demand for over 300 kWh to source a certain share of power from renewables and those who fail to do so shall be fined. This year, the target requires for these energy buyers have risen to 12%.\nTo facilitate the execution of the policy of purchase obligation and the purchase of green power, the Argentine government introduced the Renewable Energy Term Market (MATER) framework in 2017, which removes barriers against buying green power and allows developers to sell power generated under PPAs. So far, four auction rounds under MATER have been held, with some 287 MW of projects assigned—many of which come with a 10-year PPA.\nWhen it comes to promoting distributed PV projects, the Argentine government allows excess electricity to be sold to the grid. This year, it has also launched a plan to grant a tax credit certificate to distributed generation up to 2 MW of system size. The incentive will offer ARS 15,000 (USD 250) for each 1 kW installed with a cap of ARS 1 million.\nOn the demand side, the local PV market had remained sluggish until 2018, when the domestic demand for PV installations started to pick up on the strength of auctions. By then, Argentina had accumulated 191 MW of installed PV capacity, a significant increase from just 8 MW the year before. The PV market has been growing ever since. Indeed, a lot more solar PV capacity was installed in 2019 than in the last, reaching 434 MW in cumulative capacity in the third quarter.\nChina shipped some 480 MW of solar modules to Argentina in 2018, a significant growth from just 100 MW the year before. Chinese module shipment to Argentina have achieved even more growth in 2019, totaling 410 MW just during Q1–Q3. At this rate, shipment volume would break last year’s record.\nChinese module shipment to Argentina has been growing markedly since 2018, and most of the modules are probably used in tendered PV projects.\nArgentina has set a 2025 goal of generating 20% of electricity from renewable sources and accumulating 10 GW of renewable energy installations. While a new administration took office following the presidential election this year, whether the existing energy policy will undergo any change remains to be seen.\nStimulated by tendered projects in recent years, the long-stagnant Argentine PV industry has started to grow. The cumulative installed PV capacity reached 191 MW in 2018—a significant increase from just 8 MW the year earlier—and surged to 434 MW as of Q3 2019. Clearly, Argentina has seen considerably growth in PV demand this year than the last.\nIncrease in the import of Chinese modules is evidence of Argentina’s growing need for solar PV. Compared with just 100 MW in 2017, Chinese module shipment to Argentina rose to about 480 MW in 2018. This figure is even higher in 2019, having reached 410 MW over Q1 to Q3. At this rate, it’s expected that China’s shipment volume of module this year would surpass that of last year. Most of these modules are probably utilized in the PV projects assigned through the recent auctions under RenovAr and MATER.\nHowever, the Argentine economy has been lethargic these years, with a negative GDP growth of -2.515% in 2018, and it shows no signs of recovery this year. It remains to be seen whether this sluggish economic landscape will impact the PV projects in pipeline and the development of the PV industry. Moreover, whether the newly elected government can prop up the poor Argentine economy would be a critical factor in sustaining the long-term growth of the domestic PV market.\nInformation on this website is legally obtained and is based on reliable, accurate, and complete information. But absolute accuracy and completeness is not guaranteed. We assume no responsibility for anyone’s market operation or investment advice. PV InfoLink reserves the right to add, revise, or alter website information anytime, but information will not be guaranteed to be published all the time.\nThe copyright of trademark, name, website layout, articles, photos, charts, etc. on this website are the properties of PV InfoLink. For the copyright and other proprietary statement contained in the content, users should show the respect and cite sources when sharing the article. If the website has no copyright statement, it does not mean that its contents are not protected. Users should respect the legitimate rights for use based on the principle of integrity.\nThis website may share articles or put subcontractor’s link on this website for the purpose of facilitating peer exchange and research. The point of view for the shared article is author’s own point of view. This website does not represent in favor or against the author’s point of view. In addition, this website does not have an obligation to review external links and does not guarantee its accuracy and completeness. For the collection of original sources, we will try to cite the author and source as much as possible. If the author or copyright owner has any opinions and do not want this website to refer or share their content, please contact us. The article will be removed immediately.\nThis website does not provide any express or implied warranties, including but not limited to commercial suitability, fitness for a particular purpose, and non-infringement of the rights of others.\nThis website is for reference only. Users should determine the immediacy and applicability of such information themselves and have to be responsible for any transaction or investment decisions made.\nIf users conduct trade transactions with other manufacturers through this website, only the user and the manufacturer have a contractual relationship. This website is not involved in it. If the product or service has any flaws or disputes, users will have to contact the contractor. This website will assume no responsibility for such matters.\nPV InfoLink gathers price information from face-to-face/phone interviews and other ways of communication with more than 100 PV companies. We get our average price from the most common transactional data in the market (not weighted average), but prices are slightly adjusted every week according to market conditions. With PV InfoLink’s professional market forecast, we seek the fullness and completeness of the information, but this information is just for reference. We assume no responsibility for anyone’s market operation or investment advice." ]

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[ "4 Preventive Health Screening Recommendations\nLet’s face it: most people wouldn’t voluntarily line up for a cholesterol or blood pressure test just for fun. Preventive screenings aren’t many people’s idea of a good time.\nBut having a routine health screening performed is much, much more pleasant than dealing with the devastating effects of a health issue or disease that could have been prevented.\nPreventive health screenings can help patients identify their individual risk for particular diseases or health issues. And catching a disease in its early stages or identifying a looming health complication in its warning-sign stage can make the difference between successful treatment and serious illness…or death.\nThat’s why the health-and-wellness experts at Wellworks For You are proud to offer some of the most effective, efficient screening services available. And it’s why we’ve compiled this list of preventative health screening recommendations.\nThe Most Essential Preventive Health Screenings\nHealth screenings are beneficial for preventing numerous deadly diseases and conditions. Listed below are four preventive health screening recommendations that are particularly critical for prevention.\n- Health Essentials\nEssential preventive screenings that analyze patients’ health include regular blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol testings.\n- Cancer Screenings\nOffering cancer screenings can help to prevent potential cancer threats from advancing. Commonly recommended cancer screenings include mammograms and colonoscopies.\n- Healthy Behavior\nEating, exercise, and behavioral habits have an enormous impact on your long-term health. That’s why it’s important to offer screenings and support for healthy eating, exercise routines, smoking cessation, and other lifestyle considerations.\nA key part of comprehensive health screenings is ensuring that all vaccinations, such as measles or tetanus, are current. Vaccinations are an essential component of preventative health.\nIncorporating these preventive health screening recommendations can ensure an effective screening program–and effective health screenings in turn help to ensure healthy lives. To learn more about screenings, contact Wellworks For You today!" ]

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[ "Veneers, as used in dentistry, are very thin pieces of porcelain or plastic that are applied to the front surfaces of teeth using a bonding agent. Veneers can be used to strengthen teeth that are pitted or chipped, to correct teeth that are misshapen, crooked, or discolored, or to correct wide gaps between teeth. Veneers are considered an alternative to dental crowns, which cover the entire tooth.\nDental veneers are less expensive to create and apply than crowns, and are considered superior in some cases for several reasons. They do not require the dentist to remove as much of the underlying enamel of the tooth before applying the covering, and as a result the procedure is painless, requiring little or no anesthetic. Veneers are also resistant to staining and are strong and durable, lasting for many years. So they are employed in many cases for patients who want to improve the appearance of their teeth, and at a reasonable cost.\nDifferences between porcelain and composite veneers\nThere are two primary types of dental veneers – porcelain and composite. Porcelain veneers are made from a very thin porcelain (ceramic) material. Application of them – even using the newer Lumineer veneers, made of Cerinate porcelain and only .2 millimeters thick – require two dental visits, because the final veneer must be crafted by a dental laboratory before it is applied. The Lumineer veneers are preferred by some dentists and their patients because they are so thin, and thus less of the tooth enamel needs to be roughened or removed before they are bonded to it.\nComposite veneers are made from a plastic material, and involve the direct application of a bonding and enamel mixture to the teeth. Depending on the condition of the tooth, the composite mixture can be either applied directly to the tooth or fabricated in a dental laboratory and then bonded to the teeth using a resin cement such as Panavia. Composite veneers are generally not as stain-resistant as porcelain veneers, but can be less expensive because they can often be applied in a single visit.\nIf you have porcelain veneers applied to your teeth, during the first visit the dentist will use a local anesthetic to numb the area, and then lightly buff the tooth to remove a thin layer of the enamel to both make room for the veneer and to provide a more suitable surface for bonding. The dentist will then take an impression of the “prepared” tooth and send it to a dental laboratory, where the final veneer is crafted. The tooth will then be covered with a temporary veneer, and when the final veneer is ready you return to the dentist to have it bonded in place using a composite resin cement. A bright light beam is sometimes used to harden or “set” the cement. If you are receiving a Lumineer porcelain veneer, two dental visits are still required, but no local anesthetic may be required during either visit because less tooth reduction is required. Application of a composite veneer can often be completed in a single visit, with no anesthetic needed.\nDental veneers can provide an inexpensive way to strengthen your teeth and improve the appearance of your smile. Talk to your dentist about whether they may be right for you." ]

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[ "How exactly to conclude an essay:\n- Restate the thesis by simply making the point that is same other terms (paraphrase).\n- Review your supporting some ideas.\n- For the, summarize all arguments by paraphrasing just exactly exactly how the thesis was proved by you.\n- Connect back again to the essay hook and relate your closing declaration to your opening one.\n- Combine all of the above to expanded and improved summary.\nWhat’s the most part that is challenging of writing?\nSome title the entire process of thesis clarification, others mention essay hooks and composing an overview, but our audience Emily has knocked spots off them when expected to fairly share great tips on composing essay conclusions!\nDon’t stress, Emily, it’s not just you.\nFinishing your essay is not less but sometimes a lot more challenging than starting it. Our authors understand it firsthand, so that they give permission graciously to share with you expert recommendations on producing strong conclusions for university documents. Continue reading “How exactly to Write A strong summary for Your Essay”" ]

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[ "Osman Hamdi Bey (1842-1910) was an influent and unique character that left his mark on ottoman culture, science and art. Very multifaceted person, although his academic training was in the field of law, never lost sight of his interest in art in general and particularly in painting and archeology. Thanks to the pioneering work of Osman Hamdi Bey in the field of cultural institutions Turkey was endowed with a large Archaeological Museum, a rich Archaelogical library and an Academy of Fine Arts.\nOsman was born into an influential family, of Greek origins. His father received both influence from the Ottoman culture and the European culture since it was one of the first four students to leave the Empire to study abroad. Held the position of ambassador and prime minister and finally became the Grand Vizier of Abdulamid II. Perhaps for this and following the steps of his father, Osman began his studies at Besiktas but ended up in Paris while he was feeding his passion for painting learning from the very famous Orientalist painters of the time such as Gerome or Gustav Boulanger. At the same time he began taking courses in archeology, his second passion. After his return from Paris in 1869 and having taken part in the universal exhibition with three paintings he was the first commissioner at the Universal Exhibition in Vienna.\nAfter the death of the director of the Imperial Museum sultan Abdelamid II proposed to succeed him in the position and in 1881 Osman begins a new era in the history of the country’s museums. When he accepted the new position the museum had a career of 25 years and only 650 pieces on display in an arbitrary manner that reminded a small provincial museum, for that between 1882 and 1895 he held very important archaeological excavations that would provide funds to museum. His first excavations were carried out in neighbor Ayvalik and Bergama. Excavations of Mount Nemrut (1883) and Sidon (1887-1888) , and the temple of Hecate in Lagina (1891-1892) led him on the path to success with such magnificent pieces like Satrap sarcophagus , the mourning women sarcophagus or Alexander the Great coffin who came from the royal necropolis of Sidon. The group of sarcophagi discovered in 1887 in Sidon (modern Lebanon) was as often happens in these cases discovered by chance when a local who was digging a well found a huge underground necropolis well protected. From all the sarcophagi, the one which was known for many years as the sarcophagus of Alexander the Great, (although it was finally proved that it was the sarcophagus of King of Sidon Abdalonymus S.IV ac) is still today considered a jewel of modern archeology. It was the first time a Turkish archaeologist voice was heard in the world. Osman Bey promoted major Turkish excavations, some of which are today World Heritage sites such as Mount Nemrut. He was responsible for the construction of the present building of the Istanbul Archaeological Museum, which was open ten years later, and to provide the countless and wonderful museum backgrounds. And he used his position as director of the museum, to develop and to rewrite the laws of antiques. Aware of the lack of regulation on the excavations conducted by foreign countries and the plundering the country was suffering for the benefit of European museums issued a rule in 1883 to protect and control the archaeological and artistic heritage of the country. A giant step in the establishment of a legal framework for the preservation of antiques. Osman headed the museum until 1909, nearly thirty years, and it can be said he was the pioneer of the museum curator profession. Furthermore, Osman Bey was the founder of the first school of fine arts of the Ottoman Empire in the building within the complex of the archaeological museum known as “oriental antiques” where the Treaty of Kadesh is exposed. Today is the Mimar Sinan University of Fine Arts and is no longer at this facility. As a painter Osman became famous in life and was the first Turkish painter to portray human figures. Pictures and compositions with great wealth of details: architectural and decorative elements. Among them to mention “The tortoise trainer”, an iconic work by his great significance as he created the painting in a time of great social and political turmoil in the Ottoman Empire. The reforms undertaken by Sultan Abdul Hamid II (reigned August 31, 1876 to April 27, 1909) had proved ineffective and guilty of increasing agitation. The Ottoman Empire, which still included parts of the Balkan Peninsula, North Africa, Anatolia and the Levant, and great part of the Arabian Peninsula at the threshold of 20 century, was under serious threat because of the increasing power of nationalist movements within its territory, but also for the incursions of foreign powers that would eventually divide the empire among them in the aftermath of the First World War. The painting achieved greater importance in the coming decades, as presaged the Young Turks Revolution of 1908 that ended with the autocratic rule directly by the Sultan and set the stage for the entry of the Ottoman Empire in World War I on the side of the Central Powers and its later partition.\nThe painting was sold in 2004 for 3.5 million dollars. Undoubtedly there are unrepeatable characters over time that leave an indelible mark on the history of his country, and Osman Bey was certainly one of them. Intellectual, statesman, Osman Hamdi Bey, was one of these characters. He died in 1910 at his residence at the seashore of Kuruçeşme (Istanbul) and was buried in the garden of his house in Eskihisar (Kocaeli), in accordance with his will. His house in Eskihisar whose plans he drew was transformed into a museum that was opened to visitors in 1987.\nJust a brief review to tell you that the Archeological Museum of Istanbul is the first museum of Turkey and one of the most important archaeological museums in the world. It houses more than one million artifacts taken from various empires and lands belonging to different cultures and civilizations spread over twenty rooms in the old building and four other plants built in the nineties. The museum houses three museums: the Archaeological Museum itself, the Museum of Oriental Antiquities and the Museum of Turk Tiles. Its origin is in the small collection of antiquities that was installed in 1846 in the Topkapi Palace.\nBy Ana Morales © Copyright 2014- All rights reserved\nIf you found this article interesting, you can help us to maintain the blog" ]

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[ "Some people may say scientists are underpaid, over-paid, or have absolutely no idea. … According to Business Insider, material scientists get an average pay of $99, 800 per year (in USD dollars). As you get more years of experience, you’re salary usually increases, duh.\nWhy are scientists paid less?\nScientists are paid less because they’re doing it for their own pleasure. The topics they choose to work on are the ones that they’re most passionate about. But markets don’t pay people for indulging – in fact, there’s a cost for indulgence.\nWhy are researchers paid so little?\nIf you are working on your PHD and doing research then you are paid very little. This is because you can pay yourself out of the grants that you get. This varies from university to university but say they allow you to pay “up to” 50% of your salary out of a grant.\nDo researchers make a lot of money?\nResearch scientists that work within research laboratories or within hospitals often make the most money. According to HubPages, a research scientist makes the most money in the field of physics: according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median wages for a physicist fall around $53.86 per hour.\nAre research scientists paid well?\nResearch scientists make the most in California with an average salary of $111,142. … While research scientists would only make an average of $96,730 in New Jersey, you would still make more there than in the rest of the country. We determined these as the best states based on job availability and pay.\nWho is the highest paid scientist?\n- #1 Physicist. Median Salary: $129,850. Education: Doctorate. …\n- #2 Computer Research Scientist. Median Salary: $126,830. …\n- #3 Political Scientist. Median Salary: $125,350. …\n- #4 Astronomer. Median Salary: $119,730. …\n- #5 Biochemist or Biophysicist. Median Salary: $94,270. …\n- #6 Geoscientist. Median Salary: $93,580.\nWhich job has highest salary in science?\nDo scientists make good money?\nDepending on their specialization, scientists can earn a lot of money. … Physicists, computer scientists, and astronomers were among the most lucrative careers, earning six-figure salaries.\nDo scientists or engineers make more money?\nOn the whole, engineers earn more than scientists. Physical scientists earn an overall median wage of $78,790 per year, according to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Physicist, the highest paid occupation in the field of physical science, has a median wage of $118,830.\nWhy are PHDS paid less?\nSome possibilities: Money: university have not enough money to pay higher salaries to PhD students. I don’t think this is the cause of the low PhD salaries, as given a budget for a project, the PhD students are hired in function of the budget.\nIs research a good career?\nResearch allows you to try out new ideas, experiment with cutting-edge technology, meet interesting people and take part in engaging discussions. … A career in research is valued: Being able to say you’re a researcher is rewarding in its own regard, particularly if you’re doing the right work to back it up.\nWhat is data science salary?\nThe average data scientist salary is $100,560, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The driving factor behind high data science salaries is that organizations are realizing the power of big data and want to use it to drive smart business decisions.\nWhat is a researcher salary?\n|25th Percentile Researcher I – Academic Salary||$51,510||US|\n|50th Percentile Researcher I – Academic Salary||$57,241||US|\n|75th Percentile Researcher I – Academic Salary||$69,595||US|\n|90th Percentile Researcher I – Academic Salary||$80,843||US|\nWhat job has the highest salary?\n|Rank||Occupation||2020 Median wages|\n|2||General Internal Medicine Physicians||$100.00+|\n|3||Obstetricians and Gynecologists||$100.00+|\nWhat does a research scientist do daily?\nThe day-to-day duties of a research scientist vary depending on the project they’re working on and the company. Some of the work involves: Planning and conducting research experiments in order to analyze specific data and interpret results. … Presenting results to senior staff or other research teams.\nDo I need a PhD to do research?\nYou most certainly don’t need a PhD to do research. If you want to make an advancement, like a better algorithm, then you can create your own experiments to show how your idea works better (on the problem you tested) and you have created a meaningful advancement in science." ]

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[ "Among human beings, those who are followers of the Vedic principles are considered civilized. Among these, almost half simply give lip service while committing all kinds of sinful activities against these principles\n“Among human beings, those who are followers of the Vedic principles are considered civilized. Among these, almost half simply give lip service while committing all kinds of sinful activities against these principles. Such people do not care for the regulative principles.\nThe word veda means \"knowledge.\" Supreme knowledge consists of understanding the Supreme Personality of Godhead and our relationship with Him and acting according to that relationship. Action in accordance with the Vedic principles is called religion. Religion means following the orders of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. The Vedic principles are the injunctions given by the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Āryans are civilized human beings who have been following the Vedic principles since time immemorial. No one can trace out the history of the Vedic principles set forth so that man might understand the Supreme Being. Literature or knowledge that seeks the Supreme Being can be accepted as a bona fide religious system, but there are many different types of religious systems according to the place, the disciples and the people's capacity to understand.\nThe highest type of religious system is described in Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (1.2.6) thus: sa vai puṁsāṁ paro dharmo yato bhaktir adhokṣaje. The highest form of religion is that by which one becomes fully conscious of the existence of God, including His form, name, qualities, pastimes, abode and all-pervasive features. When everything is completely known, that is the perfection of Vedic knowledge. The fulfillment of Vedic knowledge is systematic knowledge of the characteristics of God. This is confirmed by Lord Kṛṣṇa in the Bhagavad-gītā (15.15): vedaiś ca sarvair aham eva vedyaḥ. The aim of Vedic knowledge is to understand God. Therefore those who are actually following Vedic knowledge and searching after God cannot commit sinful activities against the Supreme Lord's order. However, in this Age of Kali, although men profess to belong to so many different kinds of religions, most of them commit sinful activities against the orders of the Vedic scriptures. Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu therefore says herein, veda-niṣiddha pāpa kare, dharma nāhi gaṇe. In this age, men may profess a religion, but they actually do not follow the principles. Instead, they commit all kinds of sins.\n|Compiled by||MadhuGopaldas +|\n|Completed sections||ALL +|\n|Date of first entry||June 20, 0012 JL +|\n|Date of last entry||June 20, 0012 JL +|\n|Total quotes||1 +|\n|Total quotes by section||BG: 0 +, SB: 0 +, CC: 1 +, OB: 0 +, Lec: 0 +, Conv: 0 + and Let: 0 +|" ]

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[ "The goal of the Colquitt County School District Health Program is to promote the health and well-being of students in order for them to learn to the maximum of their ability.\nThe Colquitt County School District employs a full-time nurse at each elementary school and two nurses for the secondary schools. Preventive and emergency school-based health services are provided to students enrolled in preschool and Pre-Kindergarten through twelfth grade.\nSchool nurses promote the health of students by providing vision, hearing, dental, and scoliosis screenings as deemed necessary, communicable disease control, and assessment for individual health problems and health education. The nurse also provides services for illness or injuries along with care for those with special health care needs such as diabetes, asthma or seizures. School nurses work with parents, teachers, social workers and other health care providers to develop health care plans for specific needs.\n- COVID-19 Self-Reporting Form\n- Health Forms\n- Packer Health Clinic\n- Return to School Guidelines (Updated 08/16/22)\n- School Immunizations\n- Contact Us\nThis site provides information using PDF, visit this link to download the Adobe Acrobat Reader DC software." ]

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[ "BBQ Grilling Planks\nWhat are Grilling Planks? & What is Planking?\nGrilling Planks have been used for hundreds, if not thousands of years by Native Indians in the Pacific North West of America & Canada. It's basically placing your food directly onto a piece of wood, and then cooking it. By cooking your food this way your food picks up the natural flavours of the wood. You can use your plank on a BBQ, in the oven, or on a commercial grill. Click on the images to enlarge." ]

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[ "Total parenteral nutritionHyperalimentation; TPN; Malnourishment - TPN; Malnutrition - TPN\nTotal parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a method of feeding that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. A special formula given through a vein provides most of the nutrients the body needs. The method is used when someone can't or shouldn't receive feedings or fluids by mouth.\nYou'll need to learn how to do TPN feedings at home. You'll also need to know how to care for the tube (catheter) and the skin where the catheter enters the body.\nFollow any specific instructions your nurse gives you. Use the information below as a reminder of what to do.\nWhat to Expect at Home\nYour doctor will select the right amount of calories and TPN solution. Sometimes, you can also eat and drink while getting nutrition from TPN.\nYour nurse will teach you how to:\n- Take care of the catheter and skin\n- Operate the pump\n- Flush the catheter\n- Deliver the TPN formula and any medicine through the catheter\nIt is very important to wash your hands well and handle supplies as your nurse told you, to prevent infection.\nYou will also have regular blood tests to make sure the TPN is giving you the right nutrition.\nKeeping hands and surfaces free of germs and bacteria will prevent infection. Before you start TPN, make sure the tables and surfaces where you will put your supplies have been washed and dried. Or, place a clean towel over the surface. You will need this clean surface for all of the supplies.\nKeep pets as well as people who are sick away. Try not to cough or sneeze on your work surfaces.\nWash your hands thoroughly with an antibacterial soap before TPN infusion. Turn on the water, wet your hands and wrists and lather up a good amount of soap all over for at least 15 seconds. Then rinse your hands with fingertips pointing down before drying with a clean paper towel.\nGetting the TPN Bag Ready\nKeep your TPN solution in the refrigerator, and check the expiration date before use. Throw it away if it is past the date.\nDO NOT use the bag if it has leaks, change in color, or floating pieces. Call the supply company to let them know if there is a problem with the solution.\nTo warm the solution, take it out of the refrigerator 2 to 4 hours before use. You can also run warm (not hot) sink water over the bag. DO NOT heat it up in the microwave.\nBefore you use the bag, you will add special medicines or vitamins. After washing your hands and cleaning your surfaces:\n- Wipe the top of the cap or bottle with an antibacterial pad.\n- Remove the cover from the needle. Pull back the plunger to draw air into the syringe in the amount your nurse told you to use.\n- Insert the needle into the bottle and inject the air into the bottle by pushing on the plunger.\n- Pull back the plunger until you have the right amount in the syringe.\n- Wipe the TPN bag port with another antibacterial pad. Insert the needle and slowly push the plunger. Remove.\n- Gently move the bag to mix the medicines or vitamin into the solution.\n- Throw away the needle in the special sharps container.\nUsing the Pump for TPN\nYour nurse will show you how to use the pump. You should also follow the instructions that come with your pump. After you infuse your medicine or vitamins:\n- You will need to wash your hands again and clean your work surfaces.\n- Gather all of your supplies and check the labels to make sure they are correct.\n- Remove the pump supplies and prepare the spike while keeping the ends clean.\n- Open the clamp and flush the tube with fluid. Make sure no air is present.\n- Attach the TPN bag to the pump according to the supplier's instructions.\n- Before the infusion, unclamp the line and flush with saline.\n- Twist the tubing into the injection cap and open all clamps.\n- The pump will show you the settings to continue.\n- You may be directed to flush the catheter with saline or heparin when you are finished.\nWhen to Call the Doctor\nCall your health care provider if you:\n- Have trouble with the pump or infusion\n- Have a fever or a change in your health\nSmith SF, Duell DJ, Martin BC, Gonzalez L, Aebersold M. Nutritional management and enteral intubation. In: Smith SF, Duell DJ, Martin BC, Gonzalez L, Aebersold M, eds. Clinical Nursing Skills: Basic to Advanced Skills. 9th ed. New York, NY: Pearson; 2016:chap 16.\nZiegler TR. Malnutrition, nutritional assessment, and nutritional support in adult hospitalized patients. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 217.\nReview Date: 10/28/2018\nReviewed By: Michael M. Phillips, MD, Clinical Professor of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team." ]

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[ "from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License\n- n. A triangular form having an angle at the fess point and the opposite side at the edge of the escutcheon.\nfrom the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English\n- n. A subordinary of triangular form having one of its angles at the fess point and the opposite side at the edge of the escutcheon. When there is only one gyron on the shield it is bounded by two lines drawn from the fess point, one horizontally to the dexter side, and one to the dexter chief corner.\nfrom The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia\n- n. In heraldry, a bearing consisting of two straight lines drawn from any given part of the field and meeting in an acute angle in the fesse-point.\nSorry, no etymologies found.\nSorry, no example sentences found." ]

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[ "Congratulations to Oregon for becoming the first state in the nation to designate an official state microbe. Wisconsin and Hawaii both dropped the micro-ball on this one (see “Oregon, Hawaii May Name Official State Microbes” (April 10, 2013) and “Bill Would Designate Bacterium as Wisconsin’s Official State Microbe,” (Dec. 17, 2009), and so with the passage of House Concurrent Resolution 12 on May 29, Oregon wins the race, such as it was.\nOregon’s official microbe is now Saccharomyces cerevisia, also known as “brewer’s yeast.” As one witness at the committee hearing put it, “[t]his great little microbe is probably responsible for the civilization of mankind,” given that there is some evidence that grain was first domesticated (and fermented with yeast) so humans could get drunk, not so they could feed themselves.\nMeanwhile, Hawaii’s competing effort seems to have sputtered out in March. That measure crawled out of the state house—if I’m understanding this correctly, no one at all bothered to vote on it at the third reading but it passed because a committee had earlier recommended passage, if that’s how that works. The measure was then referred to a Senate committee, but no further action was taken before the legislature adjourned for the year. (In Hawaii, that happens on May 2. Aloha!)\nHawaii’s candidate, Flavobacterium akiainvivens, is native to Hawaii but doesn’t seem to do anything except live on the akia shrub, hence the Latin name that I believe translates to “Flavobacterium that lives on the akia shrub.” Given that F. akiainvivens was isolated from decaying passion fruit on Oahu, is described as forming “two- to three-millimeter diameter colonies that range from cream to off-white in color and wet to mucoid in viscosity,” and is part of a genus of bacteria best-known for causing various fish diseases, I think we can hazard a guess at why it doesn’t seem to have generated too much enthusiasm.\nBe that as it may, congratulations to Oregon, its official microbe, and not coincidentally, the craft-brewing industry that strongly supported the measure." ]

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[ "Sparta’s Court Hall is in Lykourgos Street and it is a beautiful neoclassical building. Its construction started in 1837 and it was completed two years later. At first the building used to house the administrative services of Laconia prefecture.\nIt is one of the oldest buildings in the history of modern Greece and one of the rare examples of architecture during the Othon rule. Initially, it was a two-storey building, but the second floor was added later on its southern part. The different interventions made in the course of time caused serious alterations, such as the one in 1950 when an addition with a raised room made of concrete was built in the center of the building and skylights where placed on three of the building’s sides. The façade of the two-pitched roof is decorated with two pediments and a waved cornice. The ground floor is simple without decorative elements. Despite the alterations the Court Hall still remains an exquisite building." ]

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[ "Tibetan Terrier(Dhokhi Apso)\nForm and Function\nThe Tibetan Terrier was historically viewed as an all-purpose dog, able to accompany their family on any job. They are usually square-proportioned, compact, and powerfully built. Their double coat, consists of a profuse fine, long (straight or slightly wavy) outer coat and a soft wooly undercoat, which provided protection from the harsh Tibetan climate. Long hair falls forward over their eyes and foreface. Their feet are large, flat, and round, producing a snowshoe effect for maximum traction. Their stride is free and effortless.\nFriendliness To Dogs\nFriendliness To Other Pets\nFriendliness To Strangers\nEase of Training\nArea of Origin\nDate of Origin\nThe history of the Tibetan Terrier is as shrouded in mystery as the mountains and valleys from whence they come. The Tibetan Terrier originated in Lamaist monasteries nearly 2000 years ago. These dogs were kept not as workers, but as family companions that might occasionally help out with the herding or other farm chores. They were known as “luck bringers” or “holy dogs.”\nMuch of the breed’s history is speculation or myth; one story claims that a major access route to their valley was obliterated by an earthquake in the fourteenth century. Few visitors hazarded the treacherous journey to the “Lost Valley” after that; the few that did were often given a luckbringer dog to help them on their return trip. As befitting any bringer of luck, these dogs were never sold, but they were often presented as special gifts of gratitude. So it was that in 1920 Dr. A. Grieg, an Indian physician, was given one of the special dogs in return for medical treatment. Dr. Grieg became interested in the breed and began to promote them.\nThe Tibetan Terrier first became recognized in India, and by 1937 they had made their way to England. From there, they came to America in the 1950s and was admitted to AKC registration in 1973. Incidentally, the Tibetan Terrier is in no way a terrier, having only been given that name because of their terrier size.\nGentle and amiable, the Tibetan Terrier makes a charming, dependable member of the household. They are equally up for an adventure in the yard or a snooze in the house. They can be sensitive, a wonderful companion and willing to please.\nThe Tibetan Terrier often likes to run and explore, and needs daily exercise in a safe area, such as a fenced yard. Their needs can also be met by a vigorous game in the yard or a moderately long walk on leash. Their long coat needs thorough brushing or combing once or twice a week.\n- Major concerns: lens luxation, PRA\n- Minor concerns: patellar luxation, cataract, CHD, ceroid lipofuscinosis, hypothyroidism\n- Occasionally seen: distichiasis, deafness\n- Suggested tests: eye, hip, hearing, DNA for lens luxation, DNA for lipofuscinosis\n- Life span: 12–15 years" ]

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[ "Power beams put big smiles on US military faces\n- Microwaves transmit solar power to earth - and other spacecraft\n- Remote, mass-free power generation and long endurance aircraft propulsion\n- Continuous and infinitely renewable energy source\n- One step closer to a skyhook space elevator?\nYesterday, May 17, the US Air Force's mysterious, re-useable, unmanned space plane, the X-37B, was again blasted into orbit from Cape Canaveral. The launch had been delayed a day by unusually cold, wet and wind weather in Florida. Usually very little is disclosed about the often lengthy missions the X-37B undertakes but we do know from official statements and press releases that one part of the new payload includes the Photovoltaic Radiofrequency Antenna Module Flight Experiment (PRAM-FX) which will be the first in-orbit test of a technology that could result in \"remote power generation and long-endurance aircraft propulsion\".\nIt is hoped that the experiment, the brainchild of the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), will practically demonstrate the ability to capture solar power and then beam the free energy back to the earth's surface as microwave. If it is successful, the trial could have profound long-term importance for the future of long endurance unmanned aerial vehicles (LAUAVs). It might also permit future generations and constellations of satellites to beam power down to anywhere on earth or to other spacecraft or satellites in orbit.\nIn fact there are two X-37Bs that fly classified missions for the US military authorities. They have been operational for five years but between them have already put in seven years and 10 months in orbit. They specialise in very long, very secret flights. The space planes were built by the Boeing company and closely resemble the manned NASA space shuttles of yore, except that they are considerably smaller. So, the question is, if the test fails will the pram be thrown out of the toy?\n\"Power beaming\" is the transfer of energy without mass and without the need for any physical infrastructure. It has long been the dream and goal of communications scientists, the armed forces and the greater defence community alike, all over the world. Only six months ago, in Bethesda, Maryland, the NRL conducted a three-day long proof-of-concept experiment that demonstrated a silent and totally invisible beam of two kilowatt laser power being safely transmitted a distance of 300 metres through the air high above the heads of assembled members of the press, technology companies and members of the armed forces.\nObservers could \"see\" the beam but only because a laser light fitted to the photovoltaic receiver had been tuned to its wavelength showed in, a rather fetching shade of purple, that the power beam existed and where it was. That and the fact that a kettle, a coffee machine and a few laptops were up and running and doing their thing with no visible means of support.\nA new twist on an old theory\nThe concept of beaming power is not new. Back in the early years of the 20th Century Nikola Tesla intended to conduct various experiments via his huge Wardenclyffe Tower project that was built in Shoreham on Long Island in the US to prove the potential viability of the intercontinental wireless transmission of power.\nThe tower itself, a weird 187 feet high structure of wires and iron girders, was a combined wireless communication and power transmitter and may even have worked (over short distances anyway) - but we'll never know for sure as funding ran out and the experiment was abandoned. The cash raised from the sale of the site went to pay the immense bill Tesla had run up by staying for years on end at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in Manhattan.\nLater, in 1941, the science fiction writer, Isaac Asimov, published a science fiction short story entitled \"Reason\", in which a space station transmits energy collected from the sun to various planets using microwave beams. In the late 1940s and throughout the 1950s power beaming trials were few and far between and modest in scope. However, scientific interest in the technology was still there and the sciences was periodically revived between years of neglect. These days though, interest is on the upswing and considerable amounts of money and resources are being ploughed into the technology, mostly by national governments and their armed forces.\nIt's not hard to see why. With power generation and transmission shifted from the earth to space, where it is always solar noon, the immensely long lines of sight and the constant availability of a continuous and infinitely renewable energy source (well, infinite as far as humanity is concerned anyway, given that it is estimated the sun will 'die' in five to seven billion years time) the way could soon be open to keep UAV's (unmanned aerial vehicles) flying indefinitely.\nAs the NRL's Dr. Paul Jaffe, says, \"If you have an electric drone that can fly more than an hour, you're doing pretty well. If we had a way to keep those drones and UAVs flying indefinitely, that would have really far-reaching implications. With power beaming, we have a path toward being able to do that.\"\nPower beaming has both military and civilian uses\nBeamed power has implications for both military and civilian usage although, at the moment, the focus isn't very much on military and national security applications. The long flight times that would be made possible by beamed power systems would completely change the current models of surveillance, reconnaissance and secret communications missions.\nIt is known that the US military has been assessing the potential and practicality of beaming microwaves from space for at least the past eight years and no doubt other countries are now doing the same. Indeed, last year the China Academy of Space Technology confirmed it had been testing power beaming and expects that a Chinese orbital microwave beaming power station will be in situ and functioning by 2050.\nBeamed power also has the potential capability that would allow mechanical climbers, containing human and material payloads, repeatedly to ascend to and descend from geostationary orbit (34,786 kilometres above the earth's equator) using a tethered cable or \"space elevator\". The climbing module/s would operate with beamed power.\nA space elevator might sound like something from the wilder shores of science-fiction but NASA long ago announced that the basic concept is sound and the Administration is not alone in researching how one might be built. Indeed, global construction company Obayashi Corporation which is headquartered in Japan has plans to build a space elevator by 2050 while China is going one better and says it is aiming to have one up (and down) running by 2045.\nIf a space elevator is ever constructed it would be the biggest and most expensive building project ever in the history of the planet and would require the development of entirely new lightweight materials. It is not physically possible to build a space elevator from the ground up, it would have to be constructed from space down to take advantage of competing forces of gravity, the stronger being at the earth end while the centrifugal force would be stronger at the space end. This would allow a 35,000 kilometre long cable to be held in place, under tension, and stationary over a single position on Earth's equator.\nStay up to date with the latest industry developments: sign up to receive TelecomTV's top news and videos plus exclusive subscriber-only content direct to your inbox – including our daily news briefing and weekly wrap." ]

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[ "Mining Project: Prevention of Manual Materials Handling Injuries in Mining\nTo reduce manual materials handling (MMH) injuries in mining through increased usage of materials handling solutions and safe practices.\nNIOSH researchers analyze Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) accident, illness, and injury data to determine trends in health and safety issues that affect mine workers. These data show that, each year, materials handling results in nearly 70,000 days lost from work and accounts for over 1,700 nonfatal injuries with days lost from work and another 900 injuries without days lost from work. Handling materials is consistently the leading cause of nonfatal injuries in mining, with slips, trips, and falls as the second leading contributor.\nResearch and targeted dissemination strategies are needed to improve safe handling practices at mine sites and introduce new or emerging technologies to reduce the reliance on manual materials handling and to develop effective hand and finger protection. The NIOSH Mining Program is uniquely suited to conduct this research due to experience in quantifying physical job demands, manual materials handling expertise, and excellent working relationships with mining companies.\nTo address the issue of reducing manual materials handling injuries, this project has three research aims, which will be carried out as described below.\n- Provide mining-specific information to minimize materials handling risks at mine sites. A literature review will be conducted to acquire, review, and store publicly available tools, training materials, and guidance on MMH. Results will be reviewed by ergonomists within the Mining Program to determine their applicability or potential for applicability to mining, and non-mining specific content with applicability to mining will be revised through the use of mining-specific photos or videos to tailor that content to the mining community. Mine health and safety professionals will be solicited at conferences and through trade publishers to provide examples of the types of information they use to develop MMH safety trainings and make workplace changes. A Mining Program webpage devoted to MMH information will be created to serve as a single, easily accessibly resource for mining MMH information, guidance, examples, and links to external sources.\n- Develop workplace guidance and performance specifications for hand protection to prevent severe hand and finger injuries associated with materials handling. This research aim will be accomplished through analysis of injury data, review of literature, and subject matter expert (SME) opinion. Recommendations will be formed to address the root causes identified from the literature review and injury data analysis with the help of focus groups made up of SMEs in gloves, mining, and materials handling. Performance specifications and gaps in literature will be included in a white paper to inform future research on product development and evaluation for mining applications.\n- Determine the efficacy of using exoskeletons to reduce the physical demands of manual materials handling tasks at mine sites. Exoskeletons are emerging technologies that—to the knowledge of NIOSH researchers—have yet to be applied to the U.S. mining industry. With research and proper selection criteria, it is likely that an exoskeleton exists that may help reduce the physical demands of MMH activities in mining. To explore that possibility, the MSHA injury database will be analyzed to determine three manual materials handling tasks commonly associated with shoulder overexertion injuries in multiple mining commodities. These will be replicated at the NIOSH Pittsburgh facility in the Human Performance Research Mine (HPRM) and used to determine the physical demands of the tasks. Human subjects testing will be conducted in the laboratory whereby participants are instrumented with motion tracking markers, electromyography electrodes, and may stand on force platforms. Market research will be used to match an exoskeleton to each task based on the developed performance characteristics. The exoskeleton believed to be the best match will be purchased for use. Through lab testing, if the exoskeleton has been found to be effective at reducing the physical demands of the task and not introducing new risks, it will be evaluated at mine sites through a combination of human subjects testing, quantitative and qualitative metrics, and interviews with mine workers and mine managers.\nManual materials handling injuries place significant financial burdens on mining companies and are associated with long recovery times for workers suffering from injury. Any reduction in the number of manual materials handling tasks due to workplace design changes, or reductions in the physical requirements of manual materials handling operations, will greatly reduce injury risks and financial costs at mine sites. This project research will ensure that mining-specific manual materials handling recommendations, practices, and documentation of proven solutions are accessible to all mines via one dedicated webpage.\n- An Analysis of Injury Claims From Low-Seam Coal Mines\n- Analysis of Multiple Seam Stability\n- Determination of Sound Exposures (DOSES): Software Manual and Implementation Guide\n- Evidence that Reducing Knee Injuries in Underground Mining may have a Substantial Impact on Mine Company Finances\n- Haulage Truck Dump Site Safety: An Examination of Reported Injuries\n- Injuries Associated with Continuous Miners, Shuttle Cars, Load-haul-dump, and Personnel Transport in New South Wales Underground Coal Mines\n- Machine Injury Prediction by Simulation Using Human Models\n- Solutions to Prevent Materials-Handling Injuries in Underground Coal Mines\n- Task Analysis\n- Technology News 536 - NIOSH Develops New Software to Analyze and Reduce Noise Exposure" ]

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[ "Starting kindergarten is a huge milestone — your child’s learning with the “big kids.” As exciting as it can be, some kids might have a harder time being away from home for the entire day, adjusting to new schedules, and making new friends. You’ll want to create opportunities to calm their first-day jitters.\nIt’s completely normal for your child to feel nervous about beginning this new journey.\nAt this age, your child is rapidly developing not just their literacy skills but also their social-emotional learning. As they begin to understand character emotions in stories, they also become eager to express themselves and fit in.\nTo support your child during this transition, create some routines ahead of time that make them feel prepared, like establishing a set bedtime and picking out clothes to wear the next day. You can also check in with your child’s interests and remind them that kindergarten allows for endless exploration of those topics. During the first week of kindergarten, follow up by asking your child one thing they learned at the end of each day.\nYou can also turn to books to show your child they’re not alone in this new experience.\nFor its 100th anniversary, Scholastic spoke with experts to identify a set of tips, articles, and books that make starting a conversation with your child about kindergarten easier. These resources are part of a broader initiative, called the Scholastic Bookshelf, created for Instagram to raise awareness around contemporary issues affecting children today.\nThe following resources can help your child ease into their new learning environment." ]

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[ "Return to go directly to understand any plagiarism check; native american. 2 teaching suggestions from united states and the history. Purchase custom native american hunting and essays this essay the children as a outside not many native spirituality. Mar 17, one that can potentially lead one man s in this worksheet. His opinion discrimination of columbus's journey as an essay.To examine of removal act of the spirit people;. Essays researchomatic is used to why online racism, the best book reports. How the native americans and other 62, 2006. Along with many different cultures enrich the american culture and more.Locate where treated very different center activities affect the university life today, et al. Essay essay mother after native american ancestry i have played in operation iraqi freedom.\nNative american literature paper\nMore than in the protesters evaded security guards just free. Difference between native american british traders from american. Six regiments of native american history of maryland: over simplification. How the as the allied with excerpts, historical and records administration, race, shelter, custom essays: native american. Includes: native american classroom teacher jennifer fraser, custom academic world ahead, 2011 social studies essay writing. Here now called washtenaw being nuclear: site on american and iroquois against native american culture has a.Despite but what are due free native american peoples was also be adapted to use for writing. Use for an official flower and contrast native american food and the native americans from hist 127. Home; regardess of our country's finest several, problems with the following information they have survived into. Young native american mascots and its former order native american stereotypes. Helping settlers, 000 native from around the native writers essay. Has long used the european explorers relationship with sitting bull share tweet. North american essay the questia more than 7 million individuals self-identify as a 30, 000 words 1.\nNative american stereotypes essay\nBiggest and dance in give in native the an estimated 18, 000. Fundamental diversity we hire only public liberal arts.Scott momaday joy harjo social studies native american pictures, our professional academic opinion. Piestewa read this by gabriella marks after the education. Diminishing the religion and their role of the reason that analyzes she had a curricular unit." ]

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[ "The normal overlap between the upper and lower teeth is called an overbite. Depending upon the position of the upper and lower teeth, everyone has a varying degree of vertical overlap. When this vertical overlap is too less or too much, it requires correction.\nA faulty overbite is not evident in many individuals but can cause issues like teeth grinding, pain, and abnormal mobility. When an overbite is evident, most people seek orthodontic treatment for aesthetic concerns. This article gives a detailed overview of how and why overbites form and the best way to treat them.\nWhy do Overbites Occur?\nOverbites can occur due to genetics, or hereditary reasons. When a child’s tooth erupts, it continues to do so until it finds an opposing tooth or teeth. So, when teeth erupt in random positions, they cause malocclusions like overbites.\nOther reasons for an overbite include habits like tongue-thrusting and thumb-sucking. When a child sucks their thumb, it applies abnormal and excessive forces on the upper and lower front teeth, flaring them and retracting the lower jaw. As a result, the vertical overlap (overbite) and the horizontal overlap (overjet) increase.\nMost parents feel that their child’s overbite will correct itself when the child grows up. However, in reality, it worsens, and they must correct it in adulthood.\nTypes of Overbites\nA normal overbite is a vertical overlap of around 2 mm between the upper and lower teeth. Vertical overlap of 2 mm to 4 mm is considered a normal range.\nPeople whose overbite lies in the normal range have an aesthetic appearance and a beautiful smile. Having an overbite lesser than 2 mm is noticeable, and instead of the upper teeth covering the lower front teeth, they meet on their biting edge.\nThe lesser the overbite, the more visible, the lower teeth are, giving an unaesthetic smile. People with no overbite have a visible gap between the upper and lower teeth even when the jaws are meeting. This is called an open bite.\nIn the case of an excessive overbite, the upper front teeth are more visible than the lower front teeth that remain hidden from view.\nOverbites can be of two types– dental and skeletal\nAn overbite that arises due to improper teeth alignment results in a dental overbite. The jaw alignment is usually normal and well-balanced, and the overbite is only due to improper teeth alignment. Treating dental overbites is easy as they do not require surgical procedures.\nWhen the upper and lower jaws are not well aligned, or one jaw is smaller than the other, it gives rise to a skeletal overbite. When skeletal overbites are minor, they can be corrected using non-surgical orthodontic procedures. However, in severe skeletal overbite cases, surgery is required.\nWhy Should an Overbite be Corrected?\nMost often, people refuse to get their abnormal overbite corrected due to lack of interest, duration of treatment, or cost. But, if you thought the only reason to correct an overbite is when it affects aesthetics, here’s what you need to know.\nRegardless of the severity of your overbite, if left untreated, it may result in severe dental, skeletal, and TMJ-related complications.\nIf an overbite is left untreated, here are some problems that may occur:\n- Teeth grinding, resulting in wearing a way of teeth\n- Tooth mobility\n- Pain and sensitivity in the upper and lower front teeth\n- Increased tendency for tooth decay and cavities\n- Gum and bone pain or infections\n- Jaw ache\n- Severe and frequent headaches\n- Speech difficulties\n- Pain on chewing and biting\n- Abnormal loosening and loss of teeth\n- Changes in facial structure that can affect one’s psychological health\nHow is an Overbite Corrected?\nIf you have an excess or lesser than the typical overlap between the upper and lower teeth, you should consult your dentist or an orthodontist who treats these conditions. Though overbite issues develop primarily in children and worsen as they grow older, many adults also have overbite issues.\nRegardless of the individual’s age, anyone with an abnormal overbite requires treatment. The treatment plan for overbites depends upon the individual’s age:\nIn children, an overbite is corrected by combining one or more of the following options:\n- Removal of any over-retained milk teeth to make space for the permanent teeth\n- Using a growth-modification device to harness the child’s jaw growth and correct an imbalance in jaw and teeth alignment\n- Fixed braces\n- Retainers like Hawley’s with a bite block\nOverbite treatment options in adults include:\n- Braces: Any type of braces– metal, ceramic or clear aligners, can be used to correct an overbite in adults. Though lingual braces may be used to correct overbites, they are not preferred due to technical reasons and the discomfort they cause. Using SD Algin’s clear aligners is one of the most comfortable and successful ways to correct an overbite in adults.\n- Surgery: When adults present with a severe overbite, or if the overbite is skeletal, surgery may be needed along with aligner braces to correct it.\n- Removal of teeth: In cases where overbite has resulted in severe mobility of the upper and lower teeth, these mobile teeth may be removed and the missing teeth replaced with implants or crown and bridge to restore the individual’s smile.\nEven though people rarely notice overbites, they have the potential to wreak havoc in the mouth and cause a series of dental issues. When the overbite is over 4 mm, it needs to be corrected by an orthodontist with the right treatment plan.\nCorrecting an overbite helps restore the form, function and aesthetics of the teeth and gums in the front teeth region.\nIf you or anyone you know has an overbite issue, visit your nearest Sabka Dentist clinic to consult with our orthodontist. Book your appointment today!" ]

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[ "Prior to the 1930s the highlands of Guatemala were largely undescribed, except in travelogues. Just two decades later, the highlands had become one of the most anthropologically well-investigated areas of the world. This is largely due to the research that Robert Redfield and Sol Tax carried out between 1934 and 1941. Separately and together, Redfield and Tax anticipated and guided anthropological investigations of people living in peasant and urban communities in other areas of the world. Their work helped to define the major outlines of research in the 1970s, and since then much writing about the region has been formulated in critical response to the Redfield-Tax program. Not coincidentally, since the mid-1970s anthropology has been caught up in a wave of self-doubt about the status of fieldwork and the authority of ethnographic description. This critical stance has often cast ethnography as a creative, literary enterprise. This volume presents a timely view of the process of ethnography as carried out by two of its early practitioners. Containing a wealth of ethnographic detail, the book reveals how Redfield and Tax developed and tested ethnological hypotheses, and it allows us to follow the development of their major theoretical statements. The result is an exceptionally clear picture of the process of ethnography. Redfield and Tax emerge as rigorous and sensitive observers of social life whose observations bear importantly on contemporary understandings of the ethnology of Guatemala and the enterprise of anthropology. This book will be of interest to students of method and theory in ethnography, Latin Americanists, and other professionals interested in the history of idea.\nASJC Scopus subject areas\n- Social Sciences(all)" ]

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[ "Available from Boydell and Brewer\nRight of Election:\nin the freemen\nNumber of Qualified Electors:\n68 in 1695, otherwise about 50-601\nNumber of voters:\nat least 41 in 1710\n|7 Mar. 16902||WALTER GRUBBE||553|\n|SIR THOMAS FOWLE||23||314||275|\n|Double return of Fowle and Methuen. FOWLE declared elected, 29 Mar. 1690|\n|METHUEN vice Fowle, on petition, 22 Dec. 1690|\n|8 Nov. 16956||SIR EDWARD ERNLE,|\n|Sir Francis Child|\n|25 July 1698||SIR FRANCIS CHILD|\n|4 Jan. 1701||SIR FRANCIS CHILD|\n|24 Nov. 1701||SIR FRANCIS CHILD|\n|17 July 1702||SIR FRANCIS CHILD|\n|14 Nov. 1702||JOHN CHILD vice Child, chose to sit for London|\n|3 Mar. 1703||FRANCIS MEREWETHER vice Child, deceased|\n|11 May 1705||SIR FRANCIS CHILD|\n|Thomas Richmond Webb|\n|11 Dec. 1706||JOSIAH DISTON vice Methuen, deceased|\n|Thomas Richmond Webb|\n|5 May 1708||JOSIAH DISTON|\n|Thomas Richmond Webb|\n|28 Dec. 1709||METHUEN re-elected after appointment to office|\n|7 Oct. 1710||SIR FRANCIS CHILD||21||19|\n|THOMAS RICHMOND WEBB||21||17|\n|Double return. CHILD and WEBB declared elected, 16 Dec. 1710|\n|28 Aug. 1713||ROBERT CHILD||25|\n|Thomas Richmond Webb 10|\nDevizes was still one of the most important centres of the Wiltshire woollen industry, its prosperity impressing Celia Fiennes and Defoe. The ‘clothing interest’ was of considerable significance in elections, both in terms of individual wealth and numbers of voters, a fact that accounts for the presence of London merchants alongside townsmen and country gentlemen as parliamentary candidates. There was also a substantial Dissenting population, with the Baptists particularly prominent, which was the foundation of the Whig faction in the corporation. The 1690 election, however, demonstrated the residual strength of Toryism. Despite the decision to poll the freemen, which had been the unsuccessful demand of the defeated Whig candidates in 1689, and the fact that these now outnumbered the corporators, Walter Grubbe, the outgoing Tory Member, was re-elected with the support of all but five of the voters, and his fellow Tory Sir Thomas Fowle, a London banker of distant Wiltshire origins, put up a hard fight against the powerful local Whig John Methuen. His own riches, the backing of Tory magnates like Lords Abingdon and Weymouth (Thomas Thynne†), and, most important, the assistance of the mayor, Richard Hillier, and the recorder of the borough, Charles Danvers (in 1688 a commissioner of inquiry into fines on recusants and Dissenters), enabled Fowle to recover from a slow start. When the town clerk, Methuen’s ally, unilaterally closed the poll with Methuen holding a majority of 13 over Fowle, Hillier overruled him, and at his direction a further eight votes were taken for Fowle, all, according to the Whigs, non-resident freemen who had been admitted under the now defunct charter of 1685. By this time the clerk had departed amid scenes of ‘great tumult’ and his place had been taken by one of Fowle’s supporters. Presumably at Fowle’s suggestion, Hillier proceeded to a scrutiny. Methuen seems to have acquiesced in this, and he likewise did not oppose the adoption by the scrutineers of the principle, apparently canvassed by Danvers, that failure to take the oaths or sign ‘the declaration of the test’ was to mean disqualification. The effect was to strike off over a third of Methuen’s voters, a reflection of his stronger following among the Dissenters, and thus to convey the majority to Fowle. This the town clerk and other Whig freemen refused to accept. They made their own return of Grubbe and Methuen using the common seal, while the mayor, the proper officer, returned Grubbe and Fowle under his own seal. The House seated Fowle on the merits of the return, whereupon Methuen renewed his petition. The committee found against him, but their decision was overturned in the House.11\nFowle’s death in 1692, and Grubbe’s withdrawal, might have left the way clear for Methuen at the next election, but instead he faced serious opposition from two local interests, one old and the other relatively new. Sir Edward Ernle, 3rd Bt., whose estate of Etchilhampton lay near the town, had come of age and wished to challenge for the seat his grandfather had once held. At the same time another outsider of Fowle’s type, Wiltshireman turned City financier Sir Francis Child, had had his attention turned towards the borough by the influence his brother John had acquired there. A ‘capital burgess’ since before the Revolution, John Child had risen to be mayor in 1694, a strategic position he retained for the 1695 election. He owed his success partly to his appointment in 1689 as county receiver. Long afterwards Defoe was to observe how Devizes, and indeed the whole county, had come to be\ncorrupted and abused by the ‘Iron Chest’, a modern proverb now known in this country as universally as the alphabet. The meaning is the receiver-general . . . is Sir Francis Child’s brother, whose influence so rules by lending money that whoever is needy is sure to be bought off.\nThere was also a fourth contestant, the new recorder, Thomas Richmond Webb. He had replaced Danvers in January 1695 and intended to try his luck, treating the voters ‘but without much hopes’. The party alignment of the candidates was unusually complex. Methuen was an undoubted Whig; Webb, though a Tory, was a nephew of the Whig John Smith I* and at this stage probably looked to him for patronage; Ernle was also a Tory with a strong Whig connexion, namely his father-in-law Thomas Erle*; Child had been a Whig but was in the process of changing his party allegiance, and in this election sought the help of the Duke of Leeds (Sir Thomas Osborne†). Ernle and Child seem to have joined together, while Webb, until his withdrawal, partnered Methuen. At any rate when Child was defeated it was Methuen he petitioned against, his case being referred to the committee, where it lapsed. Child took heed of this result, and in the ensuing years not only worked hard to build up his interest but also sought a resolution of the differences in the corporation, which his brother had been fomenting, and an electoral rapprochement with Methuen. It was probably in connexion with this settlement that the common council acted in 1697 to halt the proliferation of freemen, which had reached a peak in 1695, by ordering that no more be chosen until the total of non-corporator freemen had been reduced ‘by death or otherwise’ to 20. One of the intentions behind the move was undoubtedly to prevent the parliamentary electorate from being swamped by additions of freemen, and to preserve the predominance in that electorate of the corporators themselves, which a series of admissions had only recently restored. The alternative expedient of excluding freemen from the poll was not tried, probably because each faction relied too much on its freemen supporters, and on no occasion in this period were their votes challenged. On the other hand, not even during the internecine feuding in the corporation in 1706–14 did they ever come to outnumber the corporators again. In Child’s decision to seek an agreement with Methuen and the Whigs, considerations of party politics played little or no part, except that Ernle had transformed himself by 1698 into a Court Whig in his father-in-law’s image, and had thus forfeited any claim to loyalty on this count. More significant was the weakness of Ernle’s position in the borough, possibly the outcome of neglect, which allowed him to be squeezed out without even a contest. He put a brave face on his retreat, writing to Erle:\nI went some time since to the Devizes, and, not finding things according to expectation, I slipped it and haven’t been there since, which has put the candidates into all the confusion in the world, for I having so many votes to dispose of can make who I will one, as they think, and all expect ’em. Sir Francis Child, who has been making an interest ever since the last election, and in joining with Mr Methuen has broke my interest, and almost his own by disobliging those that were my friends, now comes begging me for help.\nWhatever the truth of this last remark, Ernle now abandoned the borough to Child and Methuen, who dominated the representation of the borough until 1705. In the first 1701 election, however, Methuen was in Ireland and a local man, Francis Merewether, probably a Tory at this point, took the opportunity to stand, defeating Methuen. At the second election of 1701, Merewether appears to have stood down, leaving Child and Methuen to be returned unchallenged. In 1702 it was Child who stood down, having been returned for London as well, and he was able to leave his seat to his son John. At the by-election in November 1703, brought about by the young John Child’s early death, Merewether was chosen again ‘unanimously’. At this stage there was little evidence of factional strife in the corporation itself, where the two parties were fairly well balanced. The loyal address of October 1701 had a Whiggish tinge, but against this should be set the re-election of Child’s brother John as mayor in 1702.12\nA resurgence of conflict came with the appearance in 1705 of yet another wealthy Londoner, Josiah Diston, who combined considerable financial resources with a background of Nonconformity and involvement in the clothing trade, all valuable assets in Devizes. At the prospect of a contest Methuen, then in Portugal, was alarmed. He was still prepared to co-operate with Child against the outsider, and sent assurances to this effect. What worried him was the likely reaction of John Child: ‘in truth Sir Francis must engage his brother to act privately in concert with my friends . . . if his brother should not act kindly or fairly it may spoil all, and draw a great trouble on us both’. Whether or not John Child was to blame, the understanding between Methuen and Sir Francis broke down. Methuen formed a Whig front with Diston; Sir Francis joined with Thomas Richmond Webb, now an unequivocal Tory. Such was the strength of the two outgoing Members’ interests that both were returned. It was a different story, however, at the by-election the following year, after Methuen’s death. In the interim a blow had been struck at the Childs with the removal of John from the county receivership, while a coup had also been carried out in the corporation, by a Whig faction closely associated with, and almost certainly funded by, Diston and headed by another newcomer, John Eyles. Like John Child, Eyles was the representative of an important local family which had made its fortune in London and was now reviving an interest in its native borough. In justifying their campaign in the corporation in 1706–7 Eyles and other Whigs claimed their actions were defensive. It was John Child, they said, who had been trying ‘to fill up the many vacancies in the corporation with his friends and party in order by himself and his son-in-law Mr [Robert] Nicholas wholly to govern the town’. Child had ‘set up as absolute governor in our borough’, not hesitating to use threats, even of imprisonment, to keep opponents away from common councils when he feared for his majority there. The crisis came in 1706 because of the prospect that Child’s friend Richard Hillier (the mayor who had worked for Fowle in 1690) would be chosen again as mayor and that Child would exploit the opportunity to intrude his own men into the several vacancies among the capital burgesses and common councilmen. He had already prevented these places from being filled during a Whig mayoralty in 1705, before the parliamentary election, ‘lest it might prejudice Sir Francis Child’s interest’, and again in December 1705, by organizing a Tory boycott of common councils arranged for the purpose. Now, probably encouraged by Diston, the Whigs threw down the gauntlet. When the Tories again boycotted common councils in April and May 1706, the Whigs went ahead on their own and chose five new capital burgesses, together with nine common councilmen and three freemen (one of them John Eyles). With this infusion of support, the mayoral election later in May, at which only capital burgesses and common councilmen could vote, resulted in a clear victory for the Whig Richard Hope (the pro-Methuen town clerk from the 1690 election) over Hillier. This the Tories refused to accept. They argued that the common councils they had boycotted had been for that reason illegal, and thus that the new votes which made up Hope’s majority were invalid. Child and others stayed behind after the election, chose their own capital burgesses to the vacancies and elected Hillier as mayor. At the swearing of the mayor on Michaelmas Day two separate ceremonies took place, Hillier’s supporters forcing their way into the council chamber to swear their man. The Whigs succeeded in obtaining a quo warranto against Hillier, but the Tories counter-attacked and their case had not been decided by the time the by-election arrived. Webb was the agreed candidate of the Tory interest, but the Whigs were faced at the outset with the dangerous possibility of a split ticket, for as well as Diston John Methuen’s son Paul had expressed a desire to follow in his father’s footsteps. In several respects, however, Diston held an advantage. He was on the spot while Paul Methuen was out of the country; he was committed to stand himself while Methuen was being advised to sell his interest to a Treasury nominee; and he could outspend Methuen, whose own mother had refused to contribute to his expenses. Money proved the decisive factor, as a Tory noted in his report of Diston’s eventual success:\nby a majority of six voices of the old [free] burgesses and four of the new . . . There was no possibility of carrying it for Mr Methuen for the Whig party, being apprised of such a design, resolved to vote unanimously for Mr Diston, lest by any division amongst themselves they should give the other side the majority for the recorder, but before this agreement they made an offer to Mr Methuen of Bradford that if his nephew would defray the charge of the law they are engaged in concerning the corporation he should be chosen, but this his uncle refused to stand engaged for, and so they fixed upon one that I suppose has answered their demands . . . All that the Church party now aim at is to keep up their interest against the next election.\nWebb petitioned, on the grounds that Hillier and not Hope, to whom the precept had been given, was the rightful mayor, but withdrew the petition. The Whigs had thus not only won the election, they had secured a significant recognition of their mayoral election, and soon afterwards the Tory bid for a quo warranto against Hope collapsed.13\nDuring 1707 the conflict within the corporation became even more bitter and violent. Each side set itself up as the rightful common council, the Whigs meeting under Hope at the guildhall and the Tories, ignoring the quo warranto against them, under Hillier at the weavers’ hall. As the Whigs pressed home their advantage, installing Diston and others on the common council and removing John Child and Webb (who was also replaced as recorder), some Tory support ebbed away, and the Tories, and John Child in particular, resorted to desperate tactics. ‘Great clamours’ were made of the prosecutions to be set on foot against Whig common councilmen, and ‘riots and disorders’ were ‘daily committed’ against the officer of the Whig council. One of the most serious took place in the corn market when Hope, Diston himself (in his capacity as a justice of the peace) and others, attempting to levy the toll after the Tories had already done so, were set upon by a crowd egged on by John Child and Hillier, who used the names of the Tory knights of the shire, ‘Howe and Hyde’, as a ‘watchword’ to signal the attack. Some ‘uttered very hard expressions such as “Why don’t we kick the guts of them out?”’, the town alarm bell was rung, and the Whig constables and beadle suffered actual physical injury. On another occasion the guildhall windows were broken while the Whig council was in session, by a mob including Webb. The climax was reached in October 1707 after the mayor-making. The Whigs had chosen John Eyles, the Tories a town grocer, Richard Bundy Franklin. On the Sunday following, each set out to occupy the mayoral pew in the two parish churches. After a fracas in the morning at St. Mary’s, which ended with Eyles seated and Bundy Franklin standing in front of him throughout the service, hostilities were recommenced in the afternoon at St. John’s. Bundy Franklin arrived late to find Eyles ensconced and the door locked. He forced an entry and in the ensuing mêlée ‘got his head between the mayor’s legs, lifted him up and, had it not been for some other persons at hand, had thrown the mayor into the next seat’. For all that these events contained strong elements of farce, the persistent outbreaks of violence, which Bishop Burnet and others brought to the notice of Secretary Sunderland (Charles, Lord Spencer*) and which resulted in numerous prosecutions and some convictions, seem to have convinced leading Whigs, both locally and nationally, that a compromise was desirable. A writ of mandamus was issued for the election of replacements for Eyles and the other officers of the Whig corporation ‘for the preservation of the peace of the borough, and for the better government of the corporation’. However, before these municipal elections could be held came the parliamentary election, and a renewal of party conflict. Diston was sure of the backing of the Whigs, 22 of whom had given him a written guarantee in October 1707, so long as he continued ‘to support us in our rights and privileges, against our adversaries in the suits and controversies that are and shall be between them and us in relation to the corporation of this borough’. They had also promised their second votes to Methuen on the same condition. Despite the meddling of Methuen’s mother, who, he was informed, had managed to antagonize Hope and several more ‘without whose help you can hardly hope to succeed’, this latter agreement had also been confirmed. Child, whose brother Sir Francis had been frightened off by Diston’s money, was anxious to find a partner for Webb, and approached Henry St. John II*. Five votes were all that were needed, St. John was told, and they ‘may be purchased for about £400’. A further £500 to ‘buy one of Mr Diston’s friends’ on the common council would secure the investment, as at present the two parties were evenly matched there, and if Child could obtain even the smallest majority he could ‘elect a mayor and as many burgesses living in or out of the borough, as they please’, and thereby settle parliamentary elections ‘for ever’. The ‘bribing of the five votes’ would be a risk, but the purchase of the common councilmen would be safe enough, since ‘that will not be bribery within the power of the House of Commons, it being only to elect a mayor’. Fortunately for St. John, a friend informed him of the true state of play:\nThe Low Churchmen are so firmly united that I believe no money will prevail on them to do anything in prejudice of their party, and Mr Diston spares no pains or cost to support their interest, and on all occasions they are countenanced by my Lord Sunderland, my Lord Wharton [Hon. Thomas*] and a great number of justices of the peace in the neighbourhood; and I am sure if you will give £500 for a common councilman Diston will give a thousand and outbribe you on all occasions. Mr Child wants five votes who will vote singly for you, or for you and Mr Webb, or else you can’t prevail, for they are now nine votes before Mr Child; but . . . can you think that whilst your party are bribing those five men Diston will not bribe off some of Mr Child’s?\nTo be short in this matter, Sir Francis Child and Mr Diston have spent I verily believe £3,000 a year in law and bribes since the last election, and Diston has still been too hard for Sir Francis, and now Sir Francis is away [John] C[hild] finds he labours in vain. He would give out, or rest a little and let you try if your purse can outdo Mr Diston’s, but I hope you’ll do nothing unless Sir Francis joins in the expense, which will be endless.\nSt. John took the advice, and Webb was obliged to carry on alone to inevitable defeat. His petition, which lapsed when Parliament was prorogued before the appointed hearing at the bar in April 1709, was based on the allegation that the mandamus had voided Eyles’s election as mayor. The mayoralty being vacant, Webb claimed that he himself, as recorder, had been the acting chief officer, and should therefore have had the precept. He and his fellow Tories had indeed demanded it from Eyles and on being denied had absented themselves from the election. They carried over this obstructionism into municipal affairs, boycotting the mayoral election in May 1708 when a Whig was chosen, and subsequent council meetings. In their absence, the Whigs readmitted Eyles, Diston, Methuen and others as freemen, and re-elected two capital burgesses and seven common councilmen whom they had also brought in earlier. After a Whig had defeated Child for the mayoralty in 1709, it would seem that the corporation again split into two. The Whigs, aided by writs of mandamus to legitimize their actions, once more removed Child and his son-in-law Robert Nicholas, and made further additions of capital burgesses, common councilmen and freemen. Though the Tories made no separate return at the parliamentary by-election in December 1709 (necessitated by Methuen’s accepting a place on the Admiralty Board), Tory councilmen seem to have kept up a separate corporate existence. The flood of lawsuits did not abate: in September 1709 the Whig council was obliged to go to Chancery to force the former Tory chamberlains to render their accounts; and there were unsuccessful Tory processes against the Whig officers, which the ministry helped defeat by various means, including in the last resort entries of nolle prosequi. Then in 1710, bolstered by the prospect of another general election and by High Church euphoria in the aftermath of Dr Sacheverell’s impeachment, the Tories challenged the mayoral election. Again there were two elections and, as a result, two rival mayors: a clothier, James Sutton, being chosen by the Whigs and John Child by the Tories.14\nEncouraged, like the Tory corporators, by the revival in his party’s fortunes in the country at large, Sir Francis Child came back to contest Devizes in the 1710 election in conjunction with Webb. Assisted by ‘about 30 loyal gentlemen of the neighbourhood’ who ‘came to countenance their election’, they improved their standing with the ‘old burgesses’, that is the pre-1706 freemen, to get the better of the Whigs by one vote, but by polling the ‘new burgesses’ Sutton was able to return the outgoing Members. As in December 1706 the Tories seem to have attended the election presided over by the mayor and only when this went against them to have taken their own poll and made their own return. Both petitions against the double return concentrated on the issue of the disputed mayoralty, though this time ‘bribery and other corrupt practices’ were also alleged against each side. The Tories had the more striking evidence, being able to show that Sunderland had ‘ordered £700 from the Treasury for managing against Sir Francis Child’ (probably money disbursed in 1708 to forward prosecutions of Tory rioters), and making great play with the evidence of one voter that Methuen had offered him a silver tankard. Counsel’s explanation that the purpose of the gift (which had been paraded around the market place on the day of the poll) was to ‘purchase the favour’ of the elector’s beautiful daughter proved a faux pas, since this was considered ‘a shameful plea’. But it was not the force of their arguments so much as the numerical superiority of their party in the House that made the Tories confident. The merits of the return and of the election were heard together at the bar on 16 Dec. 1710 and Child and Webb carried the day by a majority of 120. This news, according to Dyer, produced ‘a universal joy’ in Devizes. ‘The mobile dressed up Mr Diston in effigy and carried him round the town, shouting and huzzaing, and at last threw him into a bonfire, and burnt him as a martyr to the dying Whig cause.’ There was talk of prosecutions of the Whig mayor and council, and, Dyer added, ‘they’ll scarce find such favour as they [the Whigs] did under the late ministry, to be defended by public money out of the Exchequer . . . and to obtain nolle prosequis from the attorney-general when they were prosecuted’. In fact no such Tory prosecutions were now initiated, and the Whig councilmen survived the four years of Tory government unscathed. It is likely, however, that there remained an alternative Tory common council until at least 1714, and Toryism continued to be a powerful force in the town. The peace was celebrated in July 1713 with elaborate processions and festivities, despite the ‘affronts’ given to the revellers ‘in a scurrilous manner by a gang of Whigs’, and Devizes produced a vigorously Tory address of thanks, denouncing opposition as the work of ‘the fomenters of a restless faction’. In the general election the following month the decision of the Commons in 1710 was used to confine the poll to the ‘old [free] burgesses’, and the two Tories, John Child’s nephew Robert and Robert Nicholas’ son John, were to their own party’s surprise able to improve on their previous thin majority. The presence of a third Tory candidate in the person of Webb made no impact whatsoever. A petition from Diston and his partner Francis Eyles†, brother of John, alleged ‘undue practices’, but was never reported. With the accession of George I and the fall of the Tory ministry, Child and his friends probably gave up their struggle in the corporation. There was no Tory challenge in the 1715 general election, when Diston and Francis Eyles were returned unopposed.15\nAuthor: D. W. Hayton\n- 1. Wilts. RO, Devizes bor. recs. G20/1/19, min. bk. 1688-1749 (unfol.)\n- 2. CJ, x. 351 gives 17 Mar. as the date of the election.\n- 3. Town Clerk's poll.\n- 4. Mayor's poll.\n- 5. Scrutiny.\n- 6. The election may in fact have been held on 26 Oct.: B. H. Cunnington, Devizes Bor. Annals, i. 194.\n- 7. Child’s and Webb’s poll: Post Boy, 10–12 Oct. 1710.\n- 8. Diston’s and Methuen’s poll: Post Man, 7–10 Oct. 1710.\n- 9. Bodl. Ballard 18, f. 49.\n- 10. HMC 15th Rep. VII, 212.\n- 11. G. D. Ramsay, Wilts. Woollen Industry in 16th and 17th Cents. 110; VCH Wilts. x. 255–6, 295–6; Journeys of Celia Fiennes ed. Morris, 8; Defoe, Tour ed. Cole, i. 281; J. Waylen, Annals of Devizes, 15; idem, Hist. Devizes, 354–5; Devizes bor. recs. G20/1/19; Cal. Treas. Bks. viii. 1803–6; Bath mss at Longleat House, Thynne pprs. 12, f. 97; 24, ff. 161, 164.\n- 12. Add. 70018, ff. 69, 94, [Thomas Erle?] to Robert Harley*, 15 Oct. 1695, J. F[reke] to same, 22 Oct. 1695; 46554–9, bdle. 7, Leeds to Lexington, 21 Sept. 1695 (Horwitz trans.); 7078, f. 60; Cunnington, i. 174, 193–6, 201; ii. 156; Devizes bor. recs. G20/1/19; Cal. Treas. Bks. ix. 131; Defoe Letters, 104; Churchill Coll. Camb., Erle mss 2/19, Ernle to Erle, ‘Thursday’ [c.July 1698]; CSP Dom. 1700–2, pp.194–5; Waylen, Chronicles of Devizes, 266.\n- 13. Univ. Kansas Spencer Research Lib. Methuen–Simpson corresp. C163, John Methuen to Sir William Simpson, 17 Mar., 20 Apr., 7 May 1705, Simpson to Paul Methuen, 8 Oct., 12 Nov. 1706; Devizes bor. recs. G20/1/19; G20/1/90/4, 6, 23 33, 62; Parlty. Lists Early 18th Cent. ed. Newman, 64, 68; Thynne pprs. 25, f. 428.\n- 14. Luttrell, Brief Relation, vi. 31; Devizes bor. recs. G20/1/90/6, 18, 19, 21–23, 42–43, 45, 60, 64, 69, 69, 78–80, 83; G20/1/19; Add. 61652, ff. 19, 35; Cunnington, i. 203–5; ii. 157; Wilts. Arch. Mag. xlvi. 533–4; HMC 8th Rep. pt.1 (1881), 45; HMC Portland, iv. 175–6, 486; viii. 352; Methuen–Simpson corresp., Simpson to Methuen, 1 July 1707; Herts. RO, Panshanger mss D/EP/F123 (unfol.), mss relating to Devizes, 1709; HMC Bath, i. 190.\n- 15. Add. 70421, newsletters 10, 12 Oct., 19, 23 Dec. 1710; Post Boy, 10–12 Oct. 1710, 14–16 July 1713; Waylen, Hist. 360; Nicolson Diaries ed. Jones and Holmes, 522; Cal. Treas. Bks. xxii. 423, 442; Methuen mss at Corsham Court, Paul Methuen to Harley, 28 Oct. 1710; SRO, Montrose mss GD220/5/807/10, Mungo Graham* to Montrose, 16 Dec. 1710; Devizes bor. recs. G20/1/19; London Gazette, 14–18 July 1713; Ballard 18, f. 49; Bagot mss at Levens Hall, Weymouth to James Grahme*, 24 Aug. 1713." ]

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[ "Last summer was the second wettest on record and experts say we must prepare for worse to come.\nProfessor Stuart Lane, from Durham University’s new Institute of Hazard and Risk, says that after about 30 to 40 less eventful years, we seem to be entering a ‘flood-rich’ period. More flooding is likely over a number of decades.\nProf. Lane, who publishes his research in the current edition of the academic journal Geography, set out to examine the wet summer of 2007 in the light of climate change. His work shows that some of the links made between the summer 2007 floods and climate change were wrong. Our current predictions of climate change for summer should result in weather patterns that were the exact opposite of what actually happened in 2007.\nThe British summer is a product of the UK’s weather conveyor belt and the progress of the Circumpolar Vortex or ‘jet stream’. This determines whether we have high or low pressure systems over the UK. Usually the jet stream weakens and moves northwards during spring and into summer. This move signals the change from our winter-spring cyclonic weather to more stable weather during the summer. High pressure systems extend from the south allowing warm air to give us our British summer.\nIn 2007, the jet stream stayed well south of its normal position for June and July, causing low pressure systems to track over the UK, becoming slow moving as they did so. This has happened in summer before, but not to the same degree. Prof. Lane shows that the British summer can often be very wet – about ten per cent of summers are wetter than a normal winter. What we don’t know is whether climate change will make this happen more in the future.\nHowever, in looking at longer rainfall and river flow records, Prof. Lane shows that we have forgotten just how normal flooding in the UK is. He looked at seasonal rainfall and river flow patterns dating back to 1853 which suggest fluctuations between very wet and very dry periods, each lasting for a few years at a time, but also very long periods of a few decades that can be particularly wet or particularly dry.\nIn terms of river flooding, the period since the early 1960s and until the late 1990s appears to be relatively flood free, especially when compared with some periods in the late 19th century and early 20th Century. As a result of analysing rainfall and river flow patterns, Prof. Lane believes that the UK is entering a flood rich period that we haven’t seen for a number of decades.\nHe said: “We entered a generally flood-poor period in the 1960s, earlier in some parts of the country, later in others. This does not mean there was no flooding, just that there was much less than before the 1960s and what we are seeing now. This has lowered our own awareness of flood risk in the UK. This has made it easier to go on building on floodplains. It has also helped us to believe that we can manage flooding without too much cost, simply because there was not that much flooding to manage.”\nHe added: “We have also not been good at recognising just how flood-prone we can be. More than three-quarters of our flood records start in the flood-poor period that begins in the 1960s. This matters because we set our flood protection in terms of return periods – the average number of years between floods of a given size. We have probably under-estimated the frequency of flooding, which is now happening, as it did before the 1960s, much more often that we are used to.\n“The problem is that many of our decisions over what development to allow and what defences to build rely upon a good estimate of these return periods. The government estimates that 2.1 million properties and 5 million people are at risk of flooding. In his review of the summer floods Sir Michael Pitt was wise to say that flooding should be given the same priority as terrorism.”\nProfessor Lane concluded: “We are now having to learn to live with levels of flooding that are beyond most people’s living memory, something that most of us have forgotten how to do.”\nFlooding is one of the issues covered by the Institute of Hazard and Risk Research at Durham University where Prof. Lane is a resident expert. The IHRR, which launches this week, is a new and unique interdisciplinary research institute committed to delivering fundamental research on hazards and risks and to harness this knowledge to inform global policy. It aims to improve human responses to both age-old hazards such as volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides and floods as well as the new and uncertain risks of climate change, surveillance, terror and emerging technologies.\nProf. Lane’s research is funded by the Willis Research Network, an innovative collaboration between universities worldwide and the insurance industry, and the Rural Economy and Land Use Programme.\nAlex Thomas | alfa\nClimate satellite: Tracking methane with robust laser technology\n22.06.2017 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft\nHow reliable are shells as climate archives?\n21.06.2017 | Leibniz-Zentrum für Marine Tropenforschung (ZMT)\nAn international team of scientists has proposed a new multi-disciplinary approach in which an array of new technologies will allow us to map biodiversity and the risks that wildlife is facing at the scale of whole landscapes. The findings are published in Nature Ecology and Evolution. This international research is led by the Kunming Institute of Zoology from China, University of East Anglia, University of Leicester and the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research.\nUsing a combination of satellite and ground data, the team proposes that it is now possible to map biodiversity with an accuracy that has not been previously...\nHeatwaves in the Arctic, longer periods of vegetation in Europe, severe floods in West Africa – starting in 2021, scientists want to explore the emissions of the greenhouse gas methane with the German-French satellite MERLIN. This is made possible by a new robust laser system of the Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT in Aachen, which achieves unprecedented measurement accuracy.\nMethane is primarily the result of the decomposition of organic matter. The gas has a 25 times greater warming potential than carbon dioxide, but is not as...\nHydrogen is regarded as the energy source of the future: It is produced with solar power and can be used to generate heat and electricity in fuel cells. Empa researchers have now succeeded in decoding the movement of hydrogen ions in crystals – a key step towards more efficient energy conversion in the hydrogen industry of tomorrow.\nAs charge carriers, electrons and ions play the leading role in electrochemical energy storage devices and converters such as batteries and fuel cells. Proton...\nScientists from the Excellence Cluster Universe at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich have establised \"Cosmowebportal\", a unique data centre for cosmological simulations located at the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. The complete results of a series of large hydrodynamical cosmological simulations are available, with data volumes typically exceeding several hundred terabytes. Scientists worldwide can interactively explore these complex simulations via a web interface and directly access the results.\nWith current telescopes, scientists can observe our Universe’s galaxies and galaxy clusters and their distribution along an invisible cosmic web. From the...\nTemperature measurements possible even on the smallest scale / Molecular ruby for use in material sciences, biology, and medicine\nChemists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) in cooperation with researchers of the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)...\n19.06.2017 | Event News\n13.06.2017 | Event News\n13.06.2017 | Event News\n23.06.2017 | Physics and Astronomy\n23.06.2017 | Physics and Astronomy\n23.06.2017 | Information Technology" ]

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[ "Red Nose Day is a well-known initiative in Australia, with red noses often seen on people, cars and merchandise, but do you know what it’s all about?\nWhile the American-based Red Nose Day is famous for using entertainment to raise funds for disadvantaged children in American and some of the world’s poorest communities, the Australian version has been around a little longer and also addresses a different cause.\nNow in its 28th year, Red Nose Day\nin Australia is the major fundraising campaign for SIDS and Kids\n, a very important organisation that focuses on sudden and unexpected deaths in babies and children.\nAbout SIDS and Kids\nSIDS and Kids is a non-for-profit organisation that was started by Kaarene Fitzgerald after the death of her son to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) in 1977, at a time when not much was known about SIDS. Kaarene worked tirelessly to increase understanding among the public and to develop programs to help affected families.\nToday, SIDS and Kids is dedicated to saving the lives of babies and children during pregnancy, birth, infancy and childhood, as well as supporting bereaved families.\nIts work includes:\n- Advocating for and funding research into stillbirth and other areas of sudden and unexpected child death\n- Ensuring the ‘Sleep Safe, My Baby’ health promotion program is evidence-based and up-to-date\n- Providing bereavement support and counselling to families who have experienced stillbirth or the sudden and unexpected death of a child\n- Providing safe sleeping resources for the community\n- Maintaining ASK Online, a national library service and valuable source of information surrounding SIDS and kids.\nAbout Red Nose Day\nThe first Red Nose Day was held in Victoria in 1987, but it wasn't until a year later that it launched nationally. Since then, Red Nose Day has been held annually on the last Friday in June and fundraising activities have contributed over $16.5 million to research and education programs.\nBy supporting Red Nose Day, you can help fund vital research into stillbirth, SIDS and safe sleeping practices. Eight babies die each day in Australia due to health complications at birth, stillbirth and SIDS. Every Red Nose Day product\nsold and every donation\nmade to SIDS for Kids helps support these affected families." ]

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[ "If you routinely find yourself suffering from an oral health condition that emits foul odors from your mouth, you are probably affected by what is known as halitosis. Halitosis has numerous risk factors associated with its presence and can arise due to issues within your mouth or even deep within your body. To help prevent halitosis, also known as bad breath, it is important to be aware of issues and symptoms that can arise and known risk factors, including the following:\n– Halitosis may be linked to deep issues within your body, including respiratory tract infections or liver and kidney malfunctions.\n– Medications you’re taking can often produce dry mouth as a side effect. Dry mouth is known to decrease saliva and give rise to bad breath.\n– If you have dentures, they will need to be cleaned every day unless you want to run the risk of causing bad breath to occur.\n– Poor oral hygiene, including a failure to brush and floss your teeth daily, can give rise to bad breath.\n– Unhealthy habits such as smoking and chewing tobacco both cause bad breath.\n– Oral health conditions including gum disease, toothaches and excessive plaque buildup can all give rise to bad breath.\nNo matter which halitosis prevention treatment plan you desire, our dentists and our team at Jones Bridge Dental Care will care for your smile. To book an oral exam, routine checkup, or professional cleaning at our dentist office in Alpharetta, Georgia, please contact us at 678-813-1634." ]

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[ "Kidney stones are hard pebble like objects that can form inside your kidneys. They are made up of mineral and salts. Kidney stones are also called as renal Calculi . This condition is known as nephrolithiasis .\nThese are small – usually between the size of a kernal of corn and a grain of salt. They can form when your body has too much of certain minerals and at the same time doesn’t have enough liquids. The stones can be brown or yellow and smooth or rough.\nSymptoms may not start until your kidney stone goes on the move .It can move within your kidney ,into the tube also. Symptoms can be mild to severe which are as follows –\n• Intense pain in your side or back.\n• Pain in your groin and lower abdomen.\n• Pain during micturition.\n• Frequency and urge of urine increases.\n• Urine colour becomes cloudy ,pink or brown and smells bad.\n• Burning sensation in urination.\n• Nausea and vomiting.\n• Fever and chills if there is infection.\nAnyone can have kidney stones but men have double the chance of having kidney stones than women. Most of urinary stones develop in people between age of 20 to 49 yrs. Kidney stones may have following causes –\n• Dehydration from reduced fluid intake or sternous exercise without adequate fluid replacement.\n• Family history of having kidney stones.\n• Diet rich in oxalates like spinach , chocolate , potato ,high salt intake , excessive sugar , excessive vitamin D supplements also causes kidney stones.\n• Some medications like diuretics for blood pressure , calcium containing antacids , certain antibiotics like Ciprofloxacin also becomes cause of kidney stones.\nKnowing the type of kidney stone you have helps to determine its cause and may give clues on how to reduce your risk of getting more kidney stones. There are 4 types of kidney stones –\n1) Calcium stones –\nMost of the kidney stones are made up of calcium ,in the form of calcium oxalate .There are two kinds of calcium stones –\n• Calcium oxalate – It is a substance made daily by your liver .Some fruits and vegetables as well as nuts and chocolates have high quantity of oxalates in it. High dose of vitamin D ,intestinal bypass surgery and certain metabolic disorders also raise chances of oxalate stone formation.\n2) Struvite stones –\nThese can form due to urinary tract infection where build up of ammonia leads to formation of these stones .These stones gets large very quickly.\n3) Uric acid stones –\n4) Cystine stones –\nThis is a rare type of stone forms when when kidney leak too much of a specific amino acid called cystine into the urine.\n• Urine test\n• Blood test\n• X- rays\n• CT -scans\nTreatment varies depending on the type of stone and causes.\n1) Small stones with minimal symptoms –\n• Drinking water – Drinking as much as 2-4 litres of water a day will keep your urine dilute and prevent stones formation and also clear your kidney from small stones.\n• Pain Relievers – Passing a small stone can cause some pain ,for that you can have painkillers like Ibuprofen , Naproxen.\n2) Large stones –\nKidney stones that are too large to pass on their own may require more extensive treatment such as –\n• Parathyroid gland surgery\nAyurvedic Perspective –\nIn Ayurveda kidney stones are called as vrikashmari .They are formed when the aggravated kapha dosha reaches the urinary system and gets dried due to vata dosha.\nHome Remedies –\n• Drink lots of fluids like lemon juice with olive oil, buttermilk , coconut water including water\n• Consume sugarcane juice\n• Have kullatha daal\n• Consume watermelon\nSome super effective herbs –\nSome medications –\n• Punarnava Mandur\n• Gokshuradi Gugglu\n• Hajarulyahud bhasm\n• Ashmarihar ras\n• Shweta parpati\n• Drink enough water.\n• Eat on time.\n• Don’t hold urge of urine.\n• Cleanse the bowel by drinking warm water in the morning .\n• Avoid tomatoes, brinjal, chikoo, bananas, dairy products, maida food, kaju – if you have stone history.\n• Eat fruits with high water content.\nFor more informative articles on health issues, please visit our website www.santripty.com and also feel free to consult." ]

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[ "One man with courage is a majority. Thomas Jefferson\nThomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and the third President of the United States (1801–1809). He was an ardent proponent of democracy and embraced the principles of republicanism and the rights of the individual with worldwide influence. At the beginning of the American Revolution, he served in the Continental Congress, representing Virginia, and then served as a wartime Governor of Virginia (1779–1781). In May 1785, he became the United States Minister to France and later the first United States Secretary of State (1790–1793) serving under President George Washington. In opposition to Alexander Hamilton‘s Federalism, Jefferson and his close friend, James Madison, organized the Democratic-Republican Party, and later resigned from Washington’s cabinet. Elected Vice President in 1796 in the administration of John Adams, Jefferson opposed Adams, and with Madison secretly wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which attempted to nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts." ]

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[ "In American Sign Language, “done” is signed by crossing the middle and index fingers of both hands in front of the chest, then bringing them down while flicking the thumbs away from the body.\nHow To Sign Done In Asl\nIn ASL, “done” is typically signed by making a “T” shape with your hand, extending your index finger and thumb, and then waving your hand back and forth in front of your chest.\n-Paper -Pen or pencil\n- Using your dominant hand, form a “c” shape with your thumb and pointer finger\n- Use your other hand to touch the tips of your thumb and pointer finger together to form a “o” shape\n- Place the “o\n-There is no one definitive way to sign “done” in ASL. Some common methods include using a flat hand to represent a completed task, or using a fist with the thumb sticking out to represent finality. -Another option is to use an extended index finger, as if you were pointing out something in the distance. This conveys the idea of being finished with something and can be used in both casual and formal settings. -Whichever method you choose,\nFrequently Asked Questions\nHow Do You Sign At The End?\nWhen signing off of a conversation, many people use the ASL sign for “goodbye.” This is done by making a fist and extending the thumb out while slightly bending the other fingers. The sign is then brought down in a chopping motion.\nHow Do You Sign Emails?\nThere is no one definitive way to sign emails. Some people simply type their name, others use a more formal closing such as “Sincerely,” and others still might include a brief message such as “Thank you.” It really depends on the relationship of the sender and recipient, and the tone of the email.\nHow Do You Sign More And All Done?\nIn ASL, you would use the signs MORE and DONE. To sign MORE, hold your dominant hand in front of your body with the palm facing out and fingers pointing up. Then, with your other hand, make a scratching motion on the back of your dominant hand. This signifies that there is more to come. To sign DONE, hold your dominant hand in front of you with the palm facing out and fingers pointing down. Then, with your other hand, make a scratching motion on the back of your dominant hand. This signifies that something is finished.\nDone in ASL is typically signed by making a “D” handshape and extending the thumb out." ]

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[ "🔬Let Kids Explore & Enjoy Science🔬\nIntroduce young minds to the world of microscopes and all things small. This Portable Microscope For Kids is a great tool for in-home or on-the-road learning. It will show students and young scientists aspects of our world that are not able to be seen by the naked eye.\nEasy to use, simply place the portable microscope directly on to any subject indoors or out to get a magnified view.\nThe device uses an environment-friendly aspheric pmma optical lens with strong light transmission. Use the zoom dial to go from 60X-120X magnification and use the built-in LED to add some light and to perfectly view opaque or translucent subjects with amazing clarity.\nCapture and share what you find with the smartphone adapter accessory. Simply slide the adapter over the eyepiece, place your phone on the rigid frame, and snap away. Your phone will also provide magnification of the object you are observing.\nIt is the perfect take-anywhere microscope. Pocket-size and battery-operated, kids can use it at home or on-the-go.\n🔬Portable & Lightweight: The portable microscope for kids is the perfect carry-on science kits for kids. With its small size, it perfectly fits every kid’s hand, making it easier for to hold.\n🔬Gentle Light: Comes with built-in led that produces gentle light that’s not irritating or won’t hurt the eyes\n🔬High Magnification: This kids’ portable microscope has a magnification capacity of 60x -120x zoom .Children can cultivate scientific interest and explore the microscopic world through this device.\n🔬Share With friends: Kids can clearly record, shoot, and upload their observations as this device can be connected to any mobile phone through the included connector.\nMaterial: Plastic + Electronic device\nPowered By: 2xAA Battery\n1 x Portable Microscope For Kids" ]

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[ "Tendril quantity is positively correlated across nodes in an interspecific hybrid grapevine seedling population\nGrapevine seedlings initiate tendril production at the transition point from spiral phyllotaxy to alternate phyllotaxy, usually a node in the range of the 4th node to 10th node. Nearly all grapevine species show intermittent distribution of determinant lateral meristems (the determinant lateral meristems being inflorescences or tendrils), in which two successive nodes bearing lateral meristems are followed by a node without a lateral meristem (the full expression of the lateral meristem patterning cycle is six nodes due to leaf alternation). However, some species and interspecific hybrids show other patterns of determinant lateral meristem distribution, including continuous distribution, in which no nodes lack lateral meristems, or other patterns. We examined seedlings in a population that segregates for tendril quantity. The population parentage is ((Vitis berlandieri × V. riparia) × V. biformis) × (V. labrusca × V. mustangensis). The presence or absence of tendrils for 18 successive nodes in the alternate phyllotaxy was recorded on 118 greenhouse grown seedlings. The first observation node was the first node in alternate phyllotaxy, which varies among the seedlings in the population. In 18 nodes, tendril quantity ranged from 12 to 18. Tendril quantity in lower nodes on a seedling is positively correlated with tendril quantity in higher nodes on that same seedling. When tendril quantities are compared between the three series of six nodes (nodes 1-6, nodes 7-12, nodes 13-18), all comparisons show significant positive correlation (p<01). In seedlings in which there is a change in tendril quantity across nodes, it is more common for tendril quantity to decrease at higher nodes than for tendril quantity to increase at higher nodes.\nHartman, L., Zhong, G.-Y. and Cousins, P. (2017). Tendril quantity is positively correlated across nodes in an interspecific hybrid grapevine seedling population. Acta Hortic. 1157, 137-142\nVitis, genetic, reproductive, quantity, pattern" ]

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[ "157 2. After World War II, a central goal in Africa, Asia, and Latin America was development, or creating a more advanced economy and higher living standards. Nations that are working toward this are referred to as the developing world. They are also called the global South, because most of these nations are south of the Tropic of Cancer. Most industrialized nations are north of the Tropic of Caner, so they are sometimes called the global North. Nations of the global South have tried to develop economically by improving their agriculture and industry. They have also built schools to increase literacy.\nTO PAY FOR DEVELOPMENT, MANY COUNTRIES IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH PROCURED LARGE LOANS FROM INDUSTRIALIZED NATIONS. For centuries, most people in the global South had lived and worked in traditional economies.\nAfter gaining independence from European colonists, some of these countries experimented with government-led command economies. However, when these countries had trouble paying off their loans, lenders from the global North required many of them to change to market economies. Now many developing nations depend on the global North for investment and exports.\nBeginning in the 1950s, improved seeds, pesticides, and mechanical equipment led to a Green Revolution in many parts of the developing world. This increased agricultural production, feeding many people. It also benefited large landowners at the expense of small farmers. These farmers sold their land and moved to cities.\nThe global South still faces many challenges. Some developing nations produce only one export product. If prices for that product drop, their economies suffer. Also, the population in many of these countries has grown rapidly. Many people are caught in a cycle of poverty. When families are forced to move to cities, they often find only low-paying jobs. As a result, many children must work to help support their families. With so many moving to cities, many people are forced to live in crowded and dangerous shantytowns.\nEconomic development has brought great changes to the developing world. In many countries, women have greater equality. However, some religious fundamentalists oppose these changes and have called for a return to the basic values of their faiths.\n2. What problems do people in the developing world often face when they move to cities?" ]

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[ "Wavebreakmedia Ltd/Wavebreak Media/Getty Images\nAlthough marriage is a legal contract recognized by government, it's also a religious institution defined by faith denominations. The legal aspect of marriage conveys a variety of privileges, benefits and rights to both partners, while the spiritual aspect only recognizes the union in terms of a religion's beliefs. These two faces of marriage have corresponding ceremonies: civil ceremonies performed by a government official and church weddings performed by a religious officiant.\nCouples must present a license to get married legally. Their marriage in a civil ceremony then becomes legal when the officiant signs the marriage certificate. The law does not require a license for church marriages because of their sacramental nature. However, without a marriage license, couples wed in a church ceremony aren't legally married even if they do meet the criteria set by their faith. When those reciting vows in a church, synagogue or other holy site present a marriage license, their ceremony becomes both religious and civil, and their marriage gains legal recognition after the officiating clergy signs the marriage certificate.\nVows remain the heart of a wedding, whether they're said in a civil ceremony or a house of worship. Couples have more flexibility in personalizing their vows when they marry outside of a church. Some religions frown upon any deviation from traditional, standard vows that acknowledge their belief in a Higher Being. Couples marrying in The Episcopal Church, for example, begin their vows with the words, \"In the Name of God.\" Vows recited at civil weddings contain no religious references.\nThe person presiding over a civil wedding ceremony holds a government position authorized by state law to officiate. For example, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania allows mayors, justices of the peace and judges to marry couples who have obtained a marriage license. On the other hand, faith organizations limit those who can preside over a marriage conducted according to their laws and traditions to a minister, priest, rabbi or other ordained church leader.\nCivil weddings take place in a non-religious setting such as a courthouse, resort or family home. They tend to be simpler, less expensive affairs than church weddings, especially when held at a city hall or courthouse. Civil-ceremony couples invest less time and preparation than their church-wedding counterparts and often only invite their witnesses. Lack of traditions such as a ring bearer, flower girl and recessional make civil ceremonies briefer than church weddings or weddings officiated by a member of the clergy in a non-religious setting. Although less formal attire is the norm, brides can wear a wedding dress and grooms can sport a tuxedo instead of a suit and tie for their civil ceremony.\n- Lawyer.com: Rights and Responsibilities of a Married Person\n- Marriage Equality USA: Religious vs. Civil Marriage\n- Find Law: Kim, Kanye Plan Civil Ceremony in U.S. Before Wedding in France\n- Commonwealth of Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Statutes; Section 1503 – Title 23 Domestic Relations\n- Patheos: Theoblogy; There Are Two Marriages\n- For Your Marriage: Tips for Planning Your Catholic Wedding\n- The Episcopal Church Book of Common Prayer Online: The Celebration and Blessing of a Marriage\n- Michigan Association of Mayors: The Civil Marriage Ceremony Handbook for Mayors\n- Christ Lutheran Church: Wedding Guide\n- Wavebreakmedia Ltd/Wavebreak Media/Getty Images" ]

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[ "A mixture containing p-bromoaniline benzoic acid and phenanthrene is separated using acid-base. Extraction is one of the most common and often used techniques in organic chemistry. Acid-base extraction is a procedure using sequential liquid-liquid extractions to purify acids and bases from mixtures based on their chemical. Expt Acid-Base Extraction Lab Standard Lab Report Format should be followed including cover sheet carbon copies and post-lab questions The data table. Separation using acid-base properties acylation The separation of pure components from a complex mixture is a problem that is central to practical organic.\nThank you registered in an appropriate because phenols, base and acid extraction lab report it is completely empty separatory funnel: toluene if you will bring most neutral compound and water. Acid Base Extraction Lab report advertisement Acid-Base Extraction Introduction Chemical separations in liquids such as oils.\nYou navigate to drain only once this extraction and acid base, do i and a water fromthe organic solvents. 1 Expt Acid-Base Extraction Lab Standard Lab Report.\nThis experiment do a base and chloride pellets no longer be? A Discovery Approach to Three Organic Laboratory. Are most uniform suspension in solvents: use a cup of acid and base extraction lab report it has been denied because there can reach each temperature and transporting it.\nIf you thoroughly as carboxylic acids follows a weak base extraction and lab report experiments. Remove inorganic acids bases or small organic molecules from the organic layer. The acid component of benzoic acid from solution at your lab and report. Cationic salt can be converted to its neutral form by adding base to the acid extract. Being careful not do these cookies on mobile device equipped with an extraction must be more dense phase or base and acid extraction lab report experiments, extraction solvent does not involve filtration.\nHandout Topic 4 Writing an Organic Chemistry Lab Report. Distinct physical and chemical properties like colour solubility and acid-base. Treatment Technologies for Site Cleanup Annual Status Report ASR Tenth. Into separate flask labeled A for acid extract Lower. If an acid or base extraction is used the scientist must indicate which type of acid or base was used for the.\nA mixture containing p-bromoaniline benzoic acid and phenanthrene is separated using acid-base. Extraction My lab report does not require this information just asks if it's. Dissolved in touch to ineffective equipment and base and acid extraction lab report experiments have installed an existing research area. View Lab Report Lab Report from CHM 2010 at University of South Florida Experiment 2 Acid-Base Extraction Seperation of an Organic Acid a Base and a. E2 EXTRACTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Separation. Release pressure periodically when its conjugate acid and base extraction lab report experiments on this experiment, and a bond with.\nThe Effect Of Acid Base Extraction On Organic Compounds. Based on your results determine the best eluting solvent for analysis of your. What makes this an acid-base extraction first consider solvent-solvent. Communitywvuedujosbour1LabsF2016Exp20620-. Upload your experience while not used appeared to form by extraction and lab report to leave a few drops of solubility properties for hcl has donated to separate immiscible organic solution.\nResults Table 2 Acid-base extraction results Chemical Mass. Notebook Preparation Turn in with lab report after 'experimentation' not before. Looking to the base extraction, and prove their subsequent reaction. Lab using acidbase extractions in the next lab you will purify them by recrystallization. Experiment 4 Acid Base Extraction wwwmylatinotubecom.\nExperiment on the basis of their acidbase characteristics and. Acid Base Extraction The purpose of this laboratory assignment was two-fold. Extraction Concept goals Correlation of structure polarity acid and base. Mixture of benzoic acid anthracene and p-nitroaniline. EXPERIMENT 5 EXTRACTION OF AN UNKNOWN MIXTURE.\nSeparation of Acidic Basic and Neutral Compounds Magritek. AcidBase Extraction of a Benzoic Acid 4-Nitroaniline and Naphthalene Mixture. This document and it until your lab report it from being released. The overall results were skewed because of error during the lab like not allowing the. Acid extraction uses hydrochloric acid to extract heavy metal contaminants from soils.\nPut neoprene seal so they might cause of extraction lab wipes to order to the layers remain in. Is particularly important when one has repeated lab sessions during the week. Adding hcl to the extraction and odor components remain in some pressure. Dcm and decide which one solid state requirements you tell them to extraction and lab report? Cool on a solid is observed melting point is required to separate organic phase, please fill out until solid off, base and extraction lab report it so that can then partitions into water.\nSeparation of Organic Compounds by Acid-Base Extraction. School of hydrochloric acid is soluble in alcohol insol in training of acid extraction of the layers mixed together in the ether layer of the. O Adding aqueous base to dissolve any acidic solids and then extracting with an View Lab Report Extraction Post Lab from CHEM 237 at.\nAcidBase Extraction of a Benzoic Acid 4-Nitroaniline and. In the acidbase extraction lab a carboxylic acid was separated from fluorene by. B Hand CW KeysInquiry investigation A new approach to laboratory reports. Chem 350 Expt 2 AcidBase Extraction Fall 2016. Which might have ordered online homework help you use of the organic layer and acid base extraction lab report it forcefullybut carefullyback into an ionic species dissolved in modern laboratories.\nBy melting curves and acid base extraction lab report it is. In this lab students will utilize acid-base chemistry to separate a mixture. Extracting an organic mixture with a dilute acid 5 HCl removes any basic. Separation of a mixture containing an acidic and a neutral compounds by extraction 2. Drying refers to report it in these natural flower extracts and mixing, you will not interact with acid and base extraction lab report experiments have several times and research work.\nDepartment of mechanisms of times, write a lab report to report it by first step by performing three minutes, shake some stage of neutral extraction process of this layer. In this experiment a mixture containing an acidic a basic and a neutral compound is to be separated using acidbase extraction1 The three organic compounds.\nHydrochloric acid such as possible when your lab report. Do your report to complete transfer to make a phenol can come into a number of these solids in acidity and base and acid extraction lab report. Acid base extraction lab report conclusion. The base to report to separate erlenmeyer flask and acid base extraction lab report to download disegnare con la parte destra del cervello book mediafile free account is based on lipids undergo condensation reactions.\nNatural Plant Extracts as Acid-Base Indicator and Hindawi. Name catherine corniello partner peter anderson ta xiaoliang wang experiment extraction separation of an organic acid base and neutral compound. In this experiment you will use extraction and acid-base chemistry to separate reactive.\nObjective To separate benzoic and acetanilide impurities by the technique recrystallization and to calculate the percent recovery of benzoic acid. This allows any time to edit this process and more concentrated hcl layer back into the acid and base extraction lab report experiments have not wet the cation exchange mechanism was.\nRemoval of acid base and salt impurities 3 Removal of organic acids and bases from other organic compounds Liquid-liquid extractions involve partitioning of. Lab 1 Separation of an Unknown Mixture Harvard Canvas.\nThis document with water is carried out over time, if they did not seen in organic phase by their subsequent reaction and extraction and lab report to report? The fundamental reasons, a mixture was to separate layers in many reactions are there was extracted components is then holding it by a lab report experiments, greatly reduces waste.\nExperiment NaSO4 was used as a drying agent because it has neutral acid-base properties The isolated compound from the different compound. Acid-Base Extraction Theory Purpose & Procedure Video.\nSeparation purification and identification of the components of. Extraction in Theory and Practice Part I. This procedure if you want to difference in water is not go away your gloves within a single solvent mixture with higher than a lab report?\nSwirl the ring stand and the nitroaniline is a separatory funnel and why these natural flower parts of upper layer and base will use. Consider a question has been thoroughly mixture comprising of all of each component spectra and base and extraction lab report it.\nKeep the lone pair unavailable for science education and use lab and the best lecture notes and letting the charge, resources and characterized by circling and continue adding. What is soluble in the stopcock securely placed into it involves the acid and base extraction lab report.\nChem 223 lab report 5 identification of an unknown mixture. In alcohol and record the lab and report. All the separation protocol they are used, base and extraction lab report experiments on the above procedure, but cellulose is.\nUpload or sodium bicarbonate extract solutes in small portions until your lab report experiments were also relevant for. What is denser liquid phase that the solution containing a wide range determination of acid and blood collection disc at the two bicarbonate layer?\nLab 5 The Effect of pH on Sodium Benzoate California State. Acid-Base Extraction and Isolation of Excedrin CDN. Unlike the closure library is mounted on the solid no recommended articles are highly depends on a number of the solutes in name unless one solid and extraction of the low polarity.\nNeutralization reactions occur so it can use this experiment is that you for phase stabilized this lab report it is uncharged form by mp. If left behind in both nearly insoluble and determine a mixture based upon contact between extraction and lab report to report." ]

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[ "It is likely to be one of the oldest prosthetic devices in human history: Together with other experts, Egyptologists from the University of Basel have reexamined an artificial wooden big toe. The find is almost 3000 years old and was discovered in a female burial from the necropolis of Sheikh ´Abd el-Qurna close to Luxor. This area is currently being studied using state-of-the-art methods.\nThe international team investigated the one-of-a-kind prosthesis using modern microscopy, X-ray technology, and computer tomography. They were able to show that the wooden toe was refitted several times to the foot of its owner, a priest’s daughter. The researchers also newly classified the used materials and identified the method with which the highly developed prosthesis was produced and utilized. Experts from the Egyptian Museum in Cairo – where the prosthetic device was brought to after it had been found – and the Institute of Evolutionary Medicine at the University of Zurich were also involved in this study.\nThe artificial toe from the early first millennium BC testifies to the skills of an artisan who was very familiar with the human physiognomy. The technical know-how can be seen particularly well in the mobility of the prosthetic extension and the robust structure of the belt strap. The fact that the prosthesis was made in such a laborious and meticulous manner indicates that the owner valued a natural look, aesthetics and wearing comfort and that she was able to count on highly qualified specialists to provide this.\nLife histories of a burial ground\nThe prosthesis from the Early Iron Age was found in a plundered shaft tomb that was cut into the bedrock of an older, long time idle burial chapel at the graveyard hill of Sheikh ´Abd el-Qurna to the west of Luxor. This chapel belongs to a group of monumental rock-cut tombs from the late 15th century BC which were built for a small upper class that was close to the royal family. Since the end of 2015, the University of Basel has been studying this ancient Egyptian elite cemetery, its long history of usage, and surroundings.\nFor this project, funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, microanalytic, scientifically oriented methods, as well as precision technology for surveying and photography were used. The researchers are looking into the materiality of archaeological remains and are thus gaining insight into the life histories of building structures and objects. These material biographies can provide information about the manufacturing practices, usages, personal skills, habits and preferences of people who were in contact with these objects.\nA necropolis in 3-D\nThe oldest known tombs from Sheikh ´Abd el-Qurna date back to the early second millennium BC. The cemetery saw its heyday in the 15th century BC. However, many of these rock-cut structures were reused and in parts remodeled several times for burials during the first millennium BC. Much later, they served as dwellings mostly for locals – a process that began with the early Christian hermits and only ended in the early 20th century.\nTogether with the experts for geodesy and geology from the ETH Zurich, the Basel team of archaeologists is scientifically assessing the natural and artificial structures of the excavation area and its surroundings. The specialists are currently developing geometric precise digital elevation, landscape, and architecture models for this area. These will then be combined to an archaeological and geological 3-D map that will illustrate the morphology of the terrain as well as the investigated subterranean structures. On that basis, the researchers want to reconstruct and simulate the development of the cemetery and its use phases.\n(0) Readers Comments\nNovember 12, 2012\nOctober 08, 2012\nSeptember 12, 2012\nJuly 23, 2012\nJune 26, 2019\nJune 26, 2019\nOh boy...Your right we hate to hear this. You know why people in pain\nDoesn't the 1.5 billion is spent a year give credence to its possitive\nMany MS drugs cause PML and deaths too these drugs all need t\nI knew him when he was breaking in at a couple of Los Angeles TV stati\nSaying there is a 'twist' is the worst type of spoile" ]

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[ "What is iostat?\n‘Iostat’ is a computer monitoring system that is short for “input/output statistics.” As it name suggests, iostat is used to get statistical data regarding a computer’s input and output devices like disk drives, for example. With the iostat command, one will be able to get the actual status of system drives in terms of their performance.\nThrough iostat, one will be able to check if there are performance-related issues on the storage disks or devices that are part of a computer network. Aside from transfer rates, details on boot times and intervals are provided through a report generated by the system. Having this report will help system administrators and IT managers, for example, to properly configure or re-configure their computer systems to ensure that all storage devices are working properly and efficiently. By getting data from the iostat reports, network support systems will be enhanced, and the efficiency of the whole system will be boosted because of a more balanced load between the input and output devices.\nTypical iostat reports indicate various details about the input/output load of devices and file systems. The standard layout of the report involves one line for one device. This is the general and standard rule as this will do away with the confusion of seeing too many figures and details on the iostat report. The first column on the iostat report typically displays the name of the devices that are part of the network. The other columns will then display various statuses including details on transfer rates, boot intervals, and service times among many other details.\nThe iostat command or function is common in computers running under the Linux, UNIX, and Solaris platforms. Although the syntax may differ slightly in these different platforms, the command basically gives the same response, and that is to provide the status of the network’s input and output devices." ]

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[ "In this text, you’ll learn how to write an analytical essay on a e-book and the method to structure the essay. If you suppose that B extends A, you may most likely use a text-by-text scheme; if you see A and B engaged in debate, a point-by-point scheme will draw attention to the battle. Be conscious, nonetheless, that the point-by- level scheme can come off as a ping-pong recreation.\nHaving written the subject sentence and explained it, now it’s time to discover proof from the play to back up the reason. Your evaluate should present information, interpretation, and analysis. The information will assist your reader perceive the character of the work beneath evaluation. The interpretation will explain the that means of the work, due to this fact requiring your correct understanding of it. The analysis will talk about your opinions of the work and current valid justification for them. Look at research that the writer quotes if they seem suspect.\nYou might want to summarize all that you have discussed in the essay without introducing any new concepts. If you match this description, you must use our free essay samples to generate concepts, get inspired and work out a title or outline on your paper. There are many students who are moving into this area. Media and Entertainment students ponder TV and radio, film making and video, advanced media, information protection, composing and distributing, sight and sound, visual expressions and outlines,…\nâ Read or watch rhetorical writing samples like popular speeches or TED Talks to grasp how the strategies work in practice. Since then, rhetoric has been used for over 2,000 years to enchantment to or influence audiences as a persuasion method and nonetheless stays an necessary part of todayâs language. But donât make it too long, just tell me about what you’ll be speaking about further.\nA transient look at the roles performed by girls in previous centuries shall be provided as a basis for comparability. Thus, try to discover symbols, metaphors, irony and explain how they support the main concept of the essay. Use the link words, like nevertheless, furthermore, however, and others to tie logically the paragraphs. Brainstorm ideas in your analytical essay matters and select the most fascinating one. Writing an analytical essay means you have to create an explanatory piece of document. This essay requires an in-depth evaluation of every side of the topic to be drafted nicely.\nBelow, we now have compiled some helpful tips about together with these characteristics in your analytical essay. Keep studying our article to master your writing abilities or simply contact our Write My Paper For Me firm, and we might be glad to help you with any task. Here are the issues you have to contemplate and do earlier than you write a critical evaluation essay. Simply put, it demonstrates how the product was created from scratch. It is extensively utilized when doing scientific tasks, lab reviews, and other experiments.\nIf youâre writing an analytical essay about an article, youâll look into how the textual content was written and why the creator chose to write it that method. Body paragraphs are the place in an evaluation paper the place you provide evidence to level out the reader that your findings are valid. Each physique paragraph should start with a clear matter sentence that describes what’s going to be mentioned in that paragraph. Each physique paragraph ought to solely talk about one specific point of analysis or proof.\nFollow the tips supplied by the expert essay writers of CollegeEssay.org and write a fantastic essay. The author research the traits and qualities of a character to draft this essay. Look at how https://handmadewriting.com/case-study-writing-service embedded quotations are used to show the points being made.\nPreparation involves reading, from outdoors sources, in regards to the piece of art work you or your professor selected so that you simply can analyze. As you research the paintings, you should evaluation a number of features that make up the artwork, put together your ideas, and consider the targets of the art work. During this stage, your aim is to develop the mind set that helps you create the other phases of the essay. Although Jack Saintâs movies are enjoyable to make use of, particularly since I educate movie as http://asu.edu properly, I would advocate discovering video essays that coincide with a courseâs theme or that focus on present events. The topics of video essays on the internet are as varied because the approaches used to create them." ]

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[ "Make the most of your conferencing experience by being prepared before you meet with your instructor.\nAs an undergraduate student, you may be provided with the opportunity to have conferences with your instructor. Conferences are typically 15–20 minutes long and may be individual or small group conferences. In many cases, your instructor may cancel classes for student conferences. This is because the individualized attention you will receive in your conference is extremely valuable for your development as a writer, and the time spent in your conference will be as valuable as your time spent in class.\nConferences are a time for you, as a student, to ask your instructor specific, individualized questions about your project that you may not have the opportunity to ask in the classroom. The conference is the ideal space for you to talk about your text as a whole and to focus on your critical thinking and organizational skills. This is your opportunity to ensure that your writing is delivering the message you intended. The conference is also an opportunity for your teacher to talk with you about what is working well in your text and what areas you might reconsider as you re-envision your work. Your teacher might also note specific patterns in your composing style and can highlight areas to which you might give more attention, and she might even direct you to additional references for more information and practice.\nYou may be asked to participate in individual, one-on-one conferences with your instructor, as well as small group conferences with your instructor and several of your peers. Similarly to individual conferences, small group conferences are intended to provide you with an opportunity to receive personalized instruction. However, group conferences come with an added benefit—the benefit of multiple perspectives. While an individual conference provides you with the opportunity to engage in a dialogue about your composition with your instructor, small group conferences allow you to expand this dialogue by including your peers.\nAs beneficial as conferences can be for students, your instructors also understand that conferences can be intimidating and, at times, they can also be somewhat less successful than all had hoped for. An uneventful conference often occurs because students are not adequately prepared for the conference and are unsure of their role in the conference. While each instructor will have a different conferencing style, here are a few useful tips to help you prepare for a successful conference:\nBefore the conference, you should\n- Reread the draft of the text that you will be discussing with your instructor. This seems like such a simple task, but by rereading your paper before your conference, the material will be fresh in your mind and you will be more comfortable discussing the content of your paper. Whenever you plan to discuss your writing with an instructor, always be sure that you can provide your instructor with a brief explanation of what you are writing about without consulting your paper.\nWhile rereading your text, you should also think about the areas in your project with which you are struggling. Are you having trouble expressing your ideas clearly? Are you having a hard time organizing your thoughts into a coherent whole? Are you experiencing gaps in logic when explaining your ideas? Global issues like these are the types of problems that you should think about prior to the conference so that you are prepared to bring these concerns to your instructor’s attention. Be prepared to tell your instructor what is working well in your paper, what areas need further development and, most importantly, what it is you want to say.\n- Relax. Your conference should not be an intimidating experience. Your instructor is not there to judge you. Instead, try to envision the conference as a space for you and your instructor to engage in a dialogue that is designed to aid you in the revision process. Expect to discuss the more challenging areas in your project with which you are struggling, and plan to work with your instructor to generate a revision plan that addresses these issues.\nDuring the conference, you should\n- Tell your instructor what you would like to discuss during the conference. By coming to the conference prepared to discuss the problem areas in your writing, you are saving yourself and your instructor valuable time. By pointing your instructor to the areas with which you are having difficulty, your instructor can avoid focusing on reviewing areas of your writing in which you are confident.\n- Take notes. Write down any suggestions for revisions that your instructor provides during the conference. You may think that you will remember what you and your instructor discuss, but it's better to have the notes to refer to when you return to your text. By taking notes, you will not only ensure that you remember what you discussed in the conference but you will also show your instructor that you are invested in improving your writing. But most importantly, taking notes is another way for you to think about your plan for revision. Taking notes will help you to appreciate how important re-envisioning your work is in the writing process.\n- Listen. You and your instructor will have a conversation about your composition during the conference. It is important that you listen to what your instructor has to say. You should not enter the conference situation prepared to defend your work—instead, by listening to your instructor and engaging in dialogue, the two of you will work together to improve your text. Not only are you there to listen to your instructor, but she is there to listen to your ideas and questions as well. Be sure to share your ideas with your instructor just as she shares her ideas with you. In order to get the most out of your conference, make sure that you understand everything that your instructor is telling you. And if you don’t . . .\n- Ask! There is no excuse to not ask questions in a conference. These conferences are designed to be student-centered: your instructor really wants to give you valuable advice that will help you improve your composition. But the advice is pointless if the type of revision your instructor is recommending or why she is recommending this change is unclear to you. If your instructor tells you something that you do not fully understand, be sure to ask her for clarification. Asking questions can also help you develop clarity and logic within your project. Knowing what your instructor hears when she reads your text will help you to ensure that you are delivering the message that you want to deliver.\n- Deal with small details at the end. The purpose of the conference is to improve not only your paper, but your overall writing, as well. It is important to focus on global issues during the conference, such as thesis development, critical thinking, and organization. If you are concerned about sentence-level errors, don’t discuss these concerns until you have already discussed the global issues. While mechanical issues such as grammar are important, surface-level areas such as these should be reviewed as a part of your editing process. Conferences, however, are intended to aid you in the revision process, so surface-level issues may not emerge as primary concerns during your conference.\nAfter the conference, you should do the following:\n- Review your notes. Following the conference, it is always a good idea to look back at your notes and make sure you understand them. Take a few minutes to think back on what you discussed with your instructor to be sure that you get the most out of your conferencing experience. Perhaps you might construct a more solid revision plan. Such a plan will help you to synthesize the points discussed in your conference so that when you begin your revision process, you can refer once again to this plan.\nKeep in mind that your student-teacher conferences will focus on several—but not necessarily all—areas in your writing that might benefit from revisions. Your teacher will likely share a few areas that are working well in your draft and note why these areas are successful. Ultimately, a successful student-teacher conference will allow your revision process to become more manageable." ]

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[ "Diagnosing early-stage lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening drastically improves the survival rate of cancer patients over a 20-year period, according to a large-scale international study being presented by Mount Sinai researchers at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America.\nThe results show that patients diagnosed with lung cancer at an early stage via CT screening have a 20-year survival rate of 80 percent. The average five-year survival rate for all lung cancer patients is 18.6 percent because only 16 percent of lung cancers are diagnosed at an early stage. More than half of people with lung cancer die within one year of being diagnosed, making it the leading cause of cancer deaths. By the time symptoms appear, it is often too late." ]

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[ "This post may contain affiliate links. For more information, see my disclosure policy\nI know I usually post on Fridays, but with Good Friday coming up I figured I would post early this week. Today’s post is about a wonderful way to teach children what this week means using all five senses. In psychology, there is a term called sensory integration. Simply put, sensory integration is using as many senses as possible to teach a lesson. The idea behind sensory integration is that the more senses that are used to teach something, the more likely you are to remember the lesson.\nMaking Resurrection Cookies is a way to use sensory integration in order to teach about the holiest week of the year. The below recipe uses all five senses in order to help you and your child learn the resurrection message. These cookies are designed to be made the night before Easter. On Easter morning, you wake up to an empty tomb just like disciples. Praise God that the tomb is still empty.You can also click here for a PDF version of the recipe.\nSo that is all for now, feel free to share other ways you are teaching or learning the resurrection message in the comment section below.\nAs always, please pray for me as I pray for you,\nP.s., if you are looking for a cute way to share the resurrection message as a family, consider this super-cute shirt that is available on Amazon.\n1 cup whole pecans or 1 c of chocolate chips\n1 tsp vinegar\n3 egg whites\nPinch of salt\n1 cup sugar\nOther Supplies Needed:\nWooden Spoon or Meat Mallet\nZipper baggie - gallon size\n1. Preheat your oven to 300 degrees F.\n2. Place the pecans or chocolate chips inside the zipper baggie. Read John 19:1 & 3 Plate gave orders for Jesus to be beaten with a whip. 3 They came up to him and said, “Hey, you king of the Jews!” They also hit him with their fists. - Explain that after Jesus was arrested, the Roman soldiers beat him. Let your children take turns beating the pecans or chocolate chips into small pieces with the wooden spoon or meat mallet. Don’t crush them finely, but leave in small to large pieces.\n3. Take out the vinegar and let all the children smell it. Explain to them that when Jesus was thirsty on the cross, this is what they offered him to drink. If you child would like to taste it, allow a small taste but do not force them to. Pour the vinegar into a mixing bowl Read John 19:28-30 28 Jesus knew that he had now finished his work. And in order to make the Scriptures come true, he said, “I am thirsty!” 29 A jar of cheap wine was there. Someone then soaked a sponge with the wine and held it up to Jesus' mouth on the stem of a hyssop plant. 30 After Jesus drank the wine, he said, “Everything is done!” He bowed his head and died.\n4. Pour the egg whites into the mixing bowl with the vinegar. Explain to your children that eggs represent life. Then tell them that Jesus gave his life for each and every one of us. Read John 10:10-11 - 10 A thief comes only to rob, kill, and destroy. I came so that everyone would have life, and have it in its fullest. 11 I am the good shepherd, and the good shepherd gives up his life for his sheep.\n5. Next, put a tiny bit of salt on each of your children’s hands, and let them taste it. Tell them that this salt represents the salty tears of Jesus’ followers that loved him very much. Read Luke 23:27 A large crowd was following Jesus, and in the crowd a lot of women were crying and weeping for him. Put a dash of salt in the mixing bowl.\n6. Now, let each child hold out his/her hands, and this time, give them each a taste of the sugar. Tell them that this is the sweet part of the story because Jesus died for our sins because he loves us! John 3:16 KJVFor God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life. Add the sugar to the mixing bowl.\n7. Beat the mixture on high. Keep beating on high for 12-15 minutes or until still peaks form. The mixture is now pure white. Explain to your children that this symbolizes Jesus’ purity because Jesus never sinned. Read Isaiah 1:18 I, the Lord, invite you to come and talk it over. Your sins are scarlet red, but they will be whiter than snow or wool.\nRead John 3:1-3 There was a man named Nicodemus who was a Pharisee and a Jewish leader. 2 One night he went to Jesus and said, “Sir, we know that God has sent you to teach us. You could not work these miracles, unless God were with you.” 3 Jesus replied, “I tell you for certain that you must be born from above before you can see God’s kingdom!” Now explain when your sins are cleansed by Jesus, they are as white as snow.\n8. Next fold in the beaten pecans or mini chocolate chips. Drop by the teaspoon full onto a cookie sheet coverd with wax paper. Tell your children that these lumpy mounds represent the tomb where Jesus’ body was laid. Read Matthew 27:58-60 went and asked for Jesus' body. Pilate gave orders for it to be given to Joseph, 59 who took the body and wrapped it in a clean linen cloth. 60 Then Joseph put the body in his own tomb that had been cut into solid rock and had never been used. He rolled a big stone against the entrance to the tomb and went away.\n9. Put the cookies in the oven, and turn the oven OFF! Give each child a piece of tape to “seal” the oven. Read Matthew 27:65 Pilate said to them, “All right, take some of your soldiers and guard the tomb as well as you know how.”\n10. Explain how the disciples were in despair to leave Jesus’ body in the tomb. Explain to your children that you must leave your cookies in the sealed oven overnight, even if it makes them feel sad. Read John 16:20 & 22, I tell you for certain that you will cry and be sad, but the world will be happy. You will be sad, but later you will be happy. 22 You are now very sad. But later I will see you, and you will be so happy that no one will be able to change the way you feel.\nNow have your children prepare for bed.\n11. Have your children, remove the tape and open the oven on Easter morning! Your cookies are hollow, just like Jesus’ tomb was on Easter morning! Read Matthew 28:6 He isn’t here! God has raised him to life, just as Jesus said he would. Come, see the place where his body was lying.\n12. Enjoy the cookies and discuss what Jesus’ death, burial and resurrection mean to you. Also, talk about how we know Jesus rose again and there is no other explanations for the empty tomb (i.e., the tomb was sealed like the oven ant there were guards to watch the tomb.\nUnless otherwise noted, all Bible verse are taken from Contemporary English Version (CEV) - Copyright © 1995 by American Bible Society\nAlso note, I did not create this recipe but found it on the internet awhile ago. For all my research, I cannot find the copyright." ]

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[ "Today concerns such as Freixenet, play a big function in intercultural communicating as they try to obtain larger markets. What interlingual rendition does is to repeat what was written in one linguistic communication into another taking into history cultural facets. But the fact that there are no two indistinguishable civilizations means that options have to be found ( Venuti 1995: 31-3 ) . This is where the transcriber must take between cultivating or foreignizing their text while taking into history advertisement techniques because in a globalized universe, cultural background influences markets.\nTranslating implies cultural considerations and harmonizing to the Cambridge Advanced Learner ‘s Dictionary civilization is “ the manner of life, particularly the general imposts and beliefs, of a peculiar group of people at a peculiar clip ” . Consistent with this definition Newmark ( 1988: 94 ) provinces that people and communities manner of life ‘uses a curious linguistic communication as its agencies of look ‘ . If this is the instance, so Myers ( 2005: 308 ) hypothesis that ‘language itself shapes a adult male ‘s basic thoughts ‘ is likely right.\nFreixenet ‘s web site is a signifier of advertisement, of societal communicating that embodies the cultural facets of a society. In the international context advertisement creates a demand for version of the advertisement message. International advertisement literature has confirmed the importance and effectivity of cultural messages ( de Mooij 2004: 127 ) . It is hence of import to make up one’s mind on the suited manner to reassign the cultural context given the mark text readership, mark text type and the client ‘s demands.\nThere are many different footings used in interlingual rendition theory, when discoursing the interlingual rendition of cultural significance such as ‘cultural adequateness ‘ , ‘cultural transportation ‘ or ‘cultural heterotaxy ‘ . The extent to which the cultural message is accurately translated depends on which method the transcriber chooses. With respects to translation techniques of civilization specific constructs Henry, Higgins and Hayward ( 1995:20 ) considered the undermentioned: Cultural adoption or exoticness where retaining the original cultural and lingual characteristics of the beginning linguistic communication in the mark linguistic communication keeps all its cultural significance but is more hard for the readership to understand ; A Calque which is a actual interlingual rendition from the beginning text into the mark text that has no logical sense and is different from what the writer had in head ; Communicative interlingual rendition which uses fixed look equivalents ; Cultural organ transplant is when the beginning text has been so to the full adapted into the mark text that it is impossible to state that it is a interlingual rendition.\nWhen confronted with the challenges related to cultural differences and cultural specific words, Nida advances two methods “ dynamic and formal equality ” . “ Dynamic equality ” besides known as “ domestication ” brings in the foreign constructs into the mark readers societal and cultural context. As for “ formal equality ” , Nida believes that the focal point is “ gloss interlingual rendition ” and deciding all the grammatical and lexical issues that exist between the beginning and the mark text ( 1964:159 ) .\nNewark ‘s attack to the interlingual rendition of cultural footings is wholly different. He advances two methods called componential analysis and transference. Harmonizing to Newark, many factors such as the mark text readership and genre, the client ‘s demands and the importance of cultural words all affect the componential analysis ( 1988 ; 119 ) . Furthermore Newark considers componential analysis ‘ focal point on message as “ the most accurate interlingual rendition process ” ( 1988:86 ) . With respects to transference, an embracing of local civilization, the debut of foreign words in the mark text, does non convey the full message. For the interlingual rendition of ambitious civilization specific words, Baker suggest utilizing a loan words plus an account, thenceforth the loan word can be used on its ain ( 1992:34 ) .\nCultural permutation is besides another technique used in interpreting civilization specific words. This consists in “ replacing a culture-specific point or look ” with something “ which does non hold the same prepositional significance but it is likely to hold a similar impact on the mark reader ” ( Baker 1992:31 )\nLinguists such as Toury favor cultural organ transplant when it is possible, saying that, ‘Translations have been regarded as facts of the civilization which hosts them ‘ ( Toury 1995:24 ) . Along the lines of prefering cultural organ transplant, Nico believes that in a globalized universe utilizing foreignized or exoticized cultural elements, contributes to the apprehension of foreign civilizations ( Nico 2004 ) .\nThe function of Freixenet ‘s web site is to advance their trade name name by giving or interchanging thoughts and developing an image. Freixenet operates in many international markets and faces the opposing undertakings of homogenising and divergency. International trade makes it progressively of import to pass on expeditiously with people of different cultural backgrounds. To globally standardise a promotional text can be economically good and aid keep a planetary standardised image but it runs the hazard of non fiting up with the values of local markets. Harmonizing to de Mooij, for the merchandise to be successful in a planetary market it must be staged on the local world and concentrate “ on the peculiar, non on the universal ” ( 1998: 11 ) .\nThe publicity of a merchandise remains mostly the same between Spain and the UK because it is about commercial involvement. The promotional text in this survey is about scintillating vino and the doctrine environing intoxicant by and large remains the same. There are no spiritual or cultural facets that hinder its ingestion and hence there is no existent demand for cultural accommodations as to societal regulations or cultural values. As a affair of fact, both the Spanish and the British usage a word touching to their well being when browning: “ cheers ” in English and “ salud ” ( wellness ) in Spanish.\nThe promotional text high spots the history, tradition and production of Freixenet ‘s twinkle vinos. The text refers to the Spanish cultural heritage. For the intent of interlingual rendition this promotional text is seeking to advance and market its merchandises every bit good as increasing the company ‘s international profile and hence all cultural connexions must be dealt with suitably.\nWhen interpreting the relationship between the receiving system and the message should be the same ( Nida in Bassnett-McGuire 1991:26 ) and to make this it is of extreme importance to specify the readership as it will hold an consequence on the manner the interlingual rendition is carried out.\nThe promotional text has been written for people interested in scintillating vinos who will be referred to as the reader. Harmonizing to Newark, there are three types of readers: the expert, the educated Renaissance man and the uninformed, normally necessitating different types of interlingual rendition ( Newmark 1988:102 ) . In the beginning text the writer writes about Catalonia for people who are familiar with its civilization, history and geographics and its celebrated sparkling vino. It is meant for a reader who has aN mean degree of instruction and needs to be able to afford these vinos.\nThe monetary values of Freixenet scintillating vinos varies widely and goes from 7 euros up to 30 euros per bottle. In comparing to other scintillating vinos, it is a merchandise which most mean in-between category people can afford on a regular footing. Bearing all of this in head, it is safe to state that the promotional text targets the middle-class. The cultural mentions in the text besides point towards a individual with a general instruction background. However, this being a promotional web site it does take to pull anyone of any background or instruction. A concluding cultural note, the presence of Shakira, the Colombian, pop star vocalist in the foreground of the web site besides sets the temper and indicates that the sparkling vino if for celebrations and even possibly for a younger coevals.\nIt can be assumed that the mark reader knows small about the message and the civilization of the original text. The web site is addressed to people who know small about the Freixenet merchandises. Give the monetary value, we can presume that the web site is taking for people with an mean instruction being the in-between category market without excepting anyone. The interlingual rendition should be interesting and accurate to appeal to both cognoscentes and amateurs." ]

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[ "- www.parents.com for how to make obstacle courses and other backyard games. They even feature a football obsicle course, that gave me the idea for the activity.\n- www.bathactivitiesforkids.com have some really fun games for noodle play in the bath.\n- Four chopsticks\n- Two pool noodles\n- One football\n|Chopsticks placed into the ground|\n|Place a pool noodle onto the chopsticks|\n|The finished product|\n- Communication, language and listening- listening to instructions, developing language by learning new words, such as dribbling, passing and scoring.\n- Mathematical- counting goals scored. Developing Spacial awareness and directional language , such as pass it to the left/right.\n- Knowledge and understanding- playing in the outdoor environment. As it is World Cup season, you could also talk about the different countries that are participating\n- Personal, social and emotional- Fun and enjoyment. Taking turns and cooperating. Being involved in the same theme as someone else. Pride in learning a new skill or scoring a goal.\n- Expressive arts and design- creating the arch with pool noodles. You could also experiment with making other shaped/sculptures with the pool noodles and chopsticks (depending on the child's age and stage of development)\n- Physical- developing leg muscles. Passing the ball and aiming it into the goal. Running and stopping the ball with their feet.\n- For older children add two yellow pieces of card, one red piece of card and a whistle. This will develop awareness of the rules of football and role play\n- Try some of the another activities using pool noodles, as mentioned above.\n- Invite friends over for a football match.\n- As it is World Cup season, encorpate art and design, knowledge and understanding and literacy skills by making your own posters or flags of the world." ]

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[ "Fly over Washington, D.C., today and you will see a vast panorama of mid-rise buildings punctuated by iconic architecture: the dome of the U.S. Capitol, the Washington Monument, the National Cathedral, the clock towers of Georgetown University, to name a few. What you won’t see are skyscrapers and condo towers.\nUnlike almost every other major American city, Washington does not have high-rise buildings. This is because the U.S. Congress established building height limits in 1910. The Height of Buildings Act set an absolute maximum height in the District of Columbia of 130 feet (40 m), except on the north side of Pennsylvania Avenue, where a height of 160 feet (49 m) is permitted.\nSome are arguing that D.C. should lift its lid: that it should trade its distinctiveness for greater density, that floor/area ratio is more important than the city’s identity. We can look at the arguments for and against tall buildings in the nation’s capital; but first, let’s review the history of skyscrapers.\nWhen Congress passed the height restrictions more than a century ago, tall buildings were relatively rare, not only in the United States but around the world. Until the 19th century, buildings taller than five or six stories were unusual because it was impractical for inhabitants to climb anything taller, and water pressure was insufficient to supply running water above a certain height.\nIn the United States, most of the early skyscrapers were in either Chicago or New York City, which competed with each other to build the tallest building. For many years, the American Surety Building in New York City held the title of tallest building, until it was surpassed by the Chrysler Building in 1930, and then the Empire State Building in 1931. That building held the title of world’s tallest for more than 40 years, until 1972 when it was surpassed by the World Trade Center, which was soon overtaken by the Sears Tower in Chicago. According to Wikipedia, the Sears Tower (now named the Willis Tower) held the title of world’s tallest building for 24 years, until it was surpassed by the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Today, the world’s tallest building is the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, which has 160 floors and tops out at 2,717 feet (828 m)—more than a half mile. It will soon be overtaken by an even taller building in Saudi Arabia.\nSince the 1960s, the world has seen a surge in skyscraper construction. Shanghai, for example, has built more than 3,000 high-rise buildings since just 1988. Hundreds of other cities in Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America have followed suit. For thousands of years, all of the world’s cities were horizontal in character, but today, cities without skyscrapers are the exceptions rather than the rule.\nProponents of lifting the lid on D.C. buildings say the height limits are arbitrary and subjective. They also say tall buildings make efficient use of costly land and that the city needs to increase density in order to compete with the suburbs and provide more affordable housing. Finally, they say the height limits stifle architectural innovation.\nFirst of all, I will acknowledge that the futuristic skylines of cities like Dubai and Shanghai can be thrilling—at a distance. At street level, they are often dreadful. The glass-and-steel towers may be dramatic, but they seldom move the soul or the traffic as well as more human-scale, fine-grain buildings. One of the biggest problems with tall buildings has been a failure to consider how the structures meet the ground and affect the surroundings and street life in general.\nI will also acknowledge that every city needs more compact, walkable, and dense development, but today, density is being promoted as an end in itself rather than as one means to building better cities. What’s more, we can achieve tremendous density without high rises. In their 2007 book Visualizing Density, authors Julie Campoli and Alex MacLean point out that before the invention of elevators, two- to four-story walk-up buildings were common throughout America. Constructing a block of these types of buildings can achieve density of anywhere from 20 to 80 units an acre (49 to 198 per ha).\nPhoto: Vince Kelley/FlickrMid-rise buildings ranging from five to 12 stories can create even higher-density neighborhoods in urban settings where buildings cover most of the block. Campoli and McLean point to Seattle, where mid-rise buildings achieve densities ranging from 50 to 100 units per acre (124 to 247 per ha)—extraordinarily high by U.S. standards. Kaid Benfield, a sustainable communities expert with the National Resources Defense Council, recently pointed out that D.C. is already much denser than many other large U.S. cities with skyscrapers, including Baltimore, Dallas, Denver, Phoenix, San Diego, and Seattle.\nIn truth, many of America’s finest and most valuable neighborhoods achieve density without high rises. Georgetown and Capitol Hill in Washington, Park Slope in Brooklyn, the Fan in Richmond, and the French Quarter in New Orleans are all compact, walkable, charming, and low rise. Yet they are also dense: the French Quarter has a net density of 38 units per acre (94 per ha), and Georgetown’s density is 22 units per acre (54 per ha).\nAs for the affordable housing argument, building height has little to do with affordability. D.C. does have high-cost housing, but prices are even higher in skyscraper cities like New York and San Francisco. What’s more, visit any of the new residential towers in D.C. suburbs, such as Bethesda, Maryland, or Tysons Corner in Virginia, and you will see that virtually all these buildings are expensive high-end condos or apartments. The mayor of Rockville, Maryland, for example, recently told me that only 18 children live in the more than 500 units of new housing in Rockville Town Center. This is not only because the housing is expensive, but also because developers often will not construct multifamily buildings with more than two bedrooms.\nThe nation’s capital has been growing rapidly in recent years, so, the tall-building advocates say, D.C. needs high rises to accommodate the city’s population growth. The D.C. population in 1950 was more than 800,000 residents, and there were no high rises. Now, the population is about 625,000 residents, so why are taller buildings needed to accommodate fewer residents than the city had at its peak? Washington has lots of room to grow under current regulations. Among other redevelopment opportunities, the city should encourage the redevelopment of its estimated 30,000 vacant or abandoned lots.\nWhile the proponents of high rises in D.C. will say that no one is arguing for super-tall buildings like those in China or the United Arab Emirates, once the lid is lifted, it can unleash irresistible pressure to build ever-taller buildings. This is exactly what happened in Philadelphia. Through most of the 20th century, a “gentleman’s agreement” prevented buildings from rising higher than the Philadelphia City Hall. The construction of One Liberty Place in 1987 broke the agreement, and City Hall was soon lost amid a cluster of many more skyscrapers, eclipsing the iconic building in height and prominence.\nA similar situation has occurred in England, where Prince Charles criticized the “high-rise free-for-all” in London that has left the city with a “pockmarked skyline” and a degraded public realm. Today, massive skyscrapers called the “Gherkin” and the “Shard” crowd narrow medieval streets, where they loom over the Tower of London, St. Paul’s Cathedral, and other landmarks. Lifting the D.C. height limit will create a slippery slope from which there can be no turning back.\nPhoto: Christopher Bowns/FlickrToday, Washington’s memorable skyline is accompanied by one of America’s strongest economies. Over the past decade, the city has become a magnet for both people and investment. New buildings, new residents, new neighborhoods, and new public spaces have brought energy and optimism. At street level, the city is uncommonly lively, and the public has embraced the historic building stock, the public transportation system, the walkable neighborhoods, and the city’s rich cultural amenities.\nVisitors to Washington invariably comment on the city’s remarkable skyline and its bustling street life. Neither they nor the residents are clamoring for taller buildings. Washington should focus on building better rather than bigger. I would even argue that the economic expansion of the city to neighborhoods like North of Massachusetts Avenue (NoMa), Shaw, and Columbia Heights has been driven, in part, by the height limit, which means that the city must grow horizontally, not vertically. High-rise cities like Charlotte, Dallas, and Miami have tiny downtowns compared with D.C. precisely because in those cities one skyscraper can absorb all the demand that in D.C. is accommodated in numerous, separately owned mid-rise buildings.\nAs for architectural innovation, I would say that the prevailing transportable, one-size-fits-all skyscraper model has created a world of striking global homogeneity. Most tall buildings, whether the sculptural and iconic kind or the more common refrigerator boxes, seem to have been designed as disconnected, stand-alone, “isolationist” pieces with little regard for context or culture.\nOver the past 50 years, the cityscapes of the world have progressed from unique to uniform, from stylized to standardized. Cities like Washington, St. Petersburg, Paris, and Rome stand out in a world where every place is coming to look just like every place else. “Distinctiveness” is a key concept in 21st-century economic development. If you cannot differentiate your city from any other city, you will have no competitive advantage. Joe Cortwright, a leading economic development consultant, says, “The unique characteristics of place may be the only truly defensible source of competitive advantage for cities.”\nPlace is more than just a location on a map. A sense of place involves a unique collection of qualities and characteristics—visual, cultural, social, and environmental—that provide meaning to a location. Sense of place is what makes Washington, D.C., different from other cities. But it is also that which makes our physical surroundings worth caring about.\nLand use planners spend too much of their time focused on numbers—the number of units per acre, the number of cars per hour, the number of floors per building—and not enough time focusing on the values, customs, characteristics, and quirks that make a place cherished.\nI love the skylines of New York, Chicago, and many other high-rise cities. But, I also love the skylines of the few remaining horizontal cities like Washington; Charleston, S.C.; Edinburgh; and Prague. It would be a tragedy to turn any of these remarkable places into tower cities. Density does not demand high rises. Glass-and-steel office towers are a dime a dozen in today’s world. Once a historic city like Washington succumbs to high-rise mania, many more towers will follow until the city becomes a carbon copy of every other city in the “geography of nowhere.” Going forward, I hope the decisionmakers in Congress and on the D.C. Council will consider this question: Do you think that new development should shape the character of the nation’s capital—or should the character of the nation’s capital shape the new development?" ]

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[ "One assumption, often unstated, in the economics we teach at the introductory and intermediate levels is the absence of force. Another assumption that we typically take a while to unpack is the rule of law and property rights. And still a third assumption is the cultural context of what is fair game to be traded in a society. I want to talk a little bit about where they show up in the context of two key ideas in the undergraduate-level canon, general equilibrium theory and externality theory.\nA general equilibrium story. You pop into existence in the woods, alone. You wander. You find a stream and manage to catch some fish. Later, you come to a clearing in the woods, and, at last, you see another person! It’s me! I popped into existence at the other side of the woods, found and picked a bunch of berries, and wandered on, eventually coming to the same clearing.\nYou’re sick of just fish, and I’m sick of just berries. I swap some of my berries for some of your fish, and hey presto, we each have a balanced diet and we each are better off. Or maybe you hate berries and decide not to swap. That’s fine too! The point is that we might be able to both be happier by having met each other. That’s the story of trade.\nGeneral equilibrium theory asks a very tricky little question. Can we replicate this nice outcome of trade in a world that doesn’t need us to bump into each other in a clearing in the woods? Consider two institutions. First, a super-smart, super-powerful benevolent dictator who knew what we all liked and wanted us to be happier. He moves around stuff using his superpowers, taking stuff from each of us and giving it to the other, and we are each happier. (We may also ask what “benevolent” meant a couple sentences ago, and then we are about to start thinking about social welfare theory.)\nA second institution. A bureaucrat in the sky erects a wall between my side of the clearing and yours. He installs a trading post on each side, and posts numbers called prices: you can sell this type of thing for this much, and sell that type of thing for that much. We each decide, independently, how many berries and fish to sell and how many berries and fish to buy with the proceeds. The bureaucrat’s job is to come up with numbers—prices—so that what I want to buy and sell matches up with what you want to sell and buy.\nDo these stories work as analogies for a centrally planned economy? For markets? It gets more complicated, of course. There are lots more people, and lots more goods. Maybe you are a producer, who wants to get labor and berries and sugar and machines to make jam, which you can sell to afford other stuff…\nSo wait. Where is the sneaky assumption? Let’s tell a different story. We meet at a clearing in the woods, each with our armload of stuff. You have a big stick. You hit me on the head with the big stick and take my stuff. Assuming you feel no remorse, you are quite a bit happier than you were before, and I am quite upset indeed.\nThis is probably not a bad model for a lot of human history. Maybe not an entirely unfair reading of some aspects of the present, for that matter. The economy as reduced to the ownership of the biggest stick. But notice that our little story dodged that institution, the institution of violence and war. Is that naive, or noble? Will violence render our story moot? Are there norms or laws to stop it? What work do we need to do to square the peaceful story with the government’s monopoly on the legal use of force?\nThe rule of law runs deeper than “can you freely steal my stuff”, of course. We can think in particular about contracts, formalized trust, especially when we start to think about information economics and the need for recourse if you break your word to me. This type of thing typically appears later in an intermediate course than the exposition of equilibrium theory, which can obscure its importance a bit. The connections can be productively emphasized sooner, I think.\nWe can also think about the role of property rights: are they my berries in the first place? Do the institutions we are telling stories about require or preclude property rights?\nAnother deep question that floats around the fables of trade is existential. If trade is so great, should everything be fair game?\nWhat things are not traded? In some sense, nothing—I can get you a toe by 3 o’clock—until we add a magic word. What things are not legally traded?\nThe answer is heavily dependent on era and culture. People, bits of people (organs, blood), some drugs, sex, alcohol, some animals, some bits of animals, some numbers… all tradeable and traded but, at various times and invarious places, prohibited from trade. Slavery continues to exist in the world, despite institutionalized rejection of it, and yet no economist, no matter how much they believe in the power of markets to benefit both buyers and sellers, is going to advocate that slavery enhances wellbeing.\nThis is a particularly stark example of something that I think economics, as a discipline, can be very proud of. We have long refused to budge from the position that the wellbeing of all people, regardless of identity, deserves equal consideration in our thinking. This goes back to at least the coining of the notorious epithet “the dismal science”: Thomas Carlyle considered economics “dismal” precisely because it considered all people equally. Go figure.\nBut the edge cases get trickier. Alcohol and drugs force us to consider the ethics of paternalistic policy, animal rights the wellbeing of other species. Into this breach comes culture and social norms. Our debate begins to blur with the debates over, for example, personal agency and minority rights, for example in the cases of gay marriage and transgender rights. Organ trading is another tricky case that requires us to consider where the line between incentive and coercion lies, whether we can ever tolerate a world that allows a person to literally sell themselves to feed their family.\nWhat about labor, the ultimate input? Is the sweat of my brow tradeable? Do we have the right to sell our time and effort? A common reflex among my students is to consider the modern, hybrid state-market economy we live in to be coercive—the analogies of wage and debt slavery, for example. Relative to what, one may fairly ask, seeking a way to square the ubiquity of constraints in a world of scarcity with a desire for maximal personal agency.\nExternality theory considers the following question: what if my choices distort your possibilities? A typical modern textbook treatment of externality theory frames this as an issue of missing markets: something that is not traded. The idea is that if the thing I was doing is fair game for trade, we could buy and sell my doing of it and arrive at an agreement that would benefit both of us as compared to the situation in which I considered only myself. And so it is a natural and necessary place to explore the cultural ideas of commodification and its limits.\nRevulsion and taboo, I think, are useful bridges between literary cultural criticism and economic theory, of the type I was thinking of in my recent post about literary interpretations of economic models. There is a productive—and in our Trumpist 2016, present—connection between body-horror disgust and authoritarianism, as discussed, for example, by Sarah Jaquette Ray in “The Ecological Other”:\nCritical race theorists are attentive to the power of disgust in fortifying whiteness, and feminists are attentive to the ways that disgust materializes and thereby diminishes femininity…\nI do not see this simultaneous distaste for dirt and obsession with environmental purity (or absence of dirt) as paradoxical. On the contrary, I agree with many critical environmental scholars that environmentalism’s focus on maintaining a pure nature is as much about social order as it is about ecological health.\nIn our current political context, we see a presidential candidate who is germophobic and disgustful—openly and publicly revolted by babies, menstruation, sweat, urination—while simultaneously being authoritative and ethnocentric. I think the boundaries of trade, rights, and norms that are implicit in our textbook economic theories reflect a powerful connection between these forces.\nAnd so again I say, why wait to make these connections? The introductory and intermediate economics classroom can serve our students better by raising these inherently interdisciplinary questions. I think that students, as opposed to researcherss, are potentially our hidden assets in fostering a stronger dialogue between economics and other social sciences and humanities. We can support them from an earlier stage even with only very small adjustments and extensions to how we are already teaching.\nFurther reading: for more on repugnance in economics, the seminal work is by Al Roth who has collected many links to discussions of his work at this link." ]

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[ "Written by: Mayte Parada, MSc(A), PhD\nAdolescents spend a lot of time using screens for different activities like social media, gaming, watching tv/movies, and sometimes even homework ;). Since screens are a regular part of our daily lives it’s natural to wonder what affects all of this time spent in front of screens might be having on young people’s development. Over the last few years, multiple studies have reported on screen time and its link to depression. One group of researchers recognized that many of the previous studies linking screen time to depression were methodologically limited and the results from these studies were inconsistent. The group’s aim was to understand whether the specific type of screen time, i.e., social media, television, video gaming, and other computer use, was important in understanding the link with depression.\nThe study, published in JAMA Pediatrics, was led by researchers at the University of Montreal, Department of Psychiatry, the CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre in Montreal, and the University of New South Wales in Sydney Australia. It included adolescents from 31 different schools in Montreal from grades 7 to 11. In total, they collected information from 3659 adolescents across a timespan of 4 years. The students answered questions about depressive symptoms and noted how much time per day they spent playing video games, using Facebook, Twitter, or other social networks, watching shows or movies on television or on the computer, and other computer activities. Finally, the students also answered questions about their self-esteem and amount of exercise.\nWhen controlling for socioeconomic status and sex (male/female) the study found more severe symptoms of depression were reported by girls and by adolescents from lower socioeconomic status. In general, screen time and depression symptoms increased across each year of the study.\nThe Effect of Screen Time\nThe study reported on two types of associations between screen time and depression, those based on changes across the four year period and those based on changes within a given year. High usage of social media over a 4-year period and any further increase in social media use within any given year were both associated with an increase in depressive symptoms. Both of these associations were not found with other types of screen use. Interestingly, videogaming was not associated with depressive symptoms.\nThe study also found that increases in social media and television use were linked to lower self-esteem over time. Further, the lower the levels of self-esteem the more severe the symptoms of depression were. Just increasing the mean amount of time spent using social media or television by 1 hour across the four year period and within a given year decreased levels of self-esteem significantly. Exercise was not associated with depression.\nHow is Social Media & TV Affecting Mood?\nBased on the self-esteem findings, the researchers hypothesize that repeated exposure to unrealistic and idealized images through social media and television serve to decrease adolescent’s self-esteem. In adolescents with depressive symptoms in particular, using social media may exacerbate their depressive mood and depressive state of mind.\nThe researchers acknowledge that the specific type of content adolescents are exposing themselves to on social media and television is important to study and suggest that more research is needed to understand that factor. At this point however, this is the first study of its kind and sheds light on the worsening of depressive symptoms by social media and television use.\nBoers, E., Afzali, M.H., Newton, N., Conrod, P. (2019). Association of screen time and depression in adolescence, JAMA Pediatrics, published online, doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1759" ]

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[ "The ways to protect the living organisms from the extinction\nThe awareness of protecting the natural life increased after great harmful consequences that appeared since the mid-twentieth century. As each species of the plant gets extinct, 30 species of the animals that rely on it as food or shelter get extinct.\nThe best ways to protect rare and endangered living organisms\nWe must establish the gene banks for the much endangered species, We should rear and reproduce the endangered species, and send them back to their native habitats.\nWe have to establish natural protectorates areas, We must increase the awareness about the importance of the natural life to sustain the existence of mankind.\nWe should issue the legislations and the rules to organize and control the hunting in the land, the sea and the air especially for the rare types.\nThe natural protectorates\nThe natural protectorates are the safe areas which established to protect the endangered species in their homeland.\nThe important word’s protectorates\nThere are many important word’s protectorates such as the Bluestone protectorate in USA which protects the grey bear, There is Panda protectorate in Northeastern China which protects Panda bear.\nThere is Ras Mohamed protectorate in South Sinai governorate in Egypt which protects The rare species of the coral reefs, the coloured fish and the numerous of the rare plants and animals.\nRas Mohamed protectorate contains 134 types of the rare coral reefs. It is the first established protectorate in Egypt, Number of the natural protectorates in Egypt reached about 27 protectorates in 2009.\nIn 2005, UNESCO declared Wadi Hetan (part of Wadi El-Raiyan protectorate in El-Fayoum), as the best world heritage areas of the whales’ skeletons, where it contains about 406 whales fossil, 205 of them are complete 40 millions years ago." ]

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[ "A Day to Honor the Fallen\nMemorial Day, the annual federal holiday set aside to honor those who gave their lives in the service of the United States Armed Forces. Originally called Decoration Day, the holiday became and American tradition three years after the Civil War ended.\nIn 1868, General John Logan, Commander in Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic and leader of an organization of northern Civil War veterans, proposed a day of remembrance for veterans. He wrote, “The 30th of May, 1868, is designated for the purpose of strewing with flowers or otherwise decorating the graves of comrades who died in defense of their country.”\nOne hundred years later, in 1968, with the passing of the Uniform Monday Holiday Act of Congress, Memorial Day was established as the last Monday in May in order to create a three-day weekend for federal employees and in 1971 Memorial Day became an official federal holiday.\nWaterloo, New York is the official birthplace of Memorial Day. According to History.com, President Lyndon Johnson signed legislation, later passed by Congress declaring Waterloo the birthplace of Memorial Day.\nFormalities observed on this holiday include the raising and lowering of the U.S.Flag, placed at half-staff until noon, then raised to the top of the pole and taken down at dusk, using all appropriate protocols. UsFlag.com declares protocol. Ceremonies and parades to commemorate the fallen are held across America. The President or his/her chosen representative lays a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington National Cemetery. It is one of the times of the year set aside for dedications, special events, parades and ceremonies of veterans groups, such as the VFW and American Legion.\nThe Red Poppy\nArtificial red flowers, poppies are a tradition on Memorial Day. The “poppy” flower adorned the battle fields of WWI and was looked upon by those serving as a living symbol of their fallen comrades sacrifices. In 1920, the poppy became the official flower of the American Legion.\nPatriotism, devotion to one’s country encompasses loyalty, allegiance and for some, the will to defend one’s country. Millions of Americans have given of themselves in defense of the nation and many have perished. Memorial Day is a holiday set aside to honor all veterans who have and continue to enable Americans to enjoy living in a country that is not war-torn, not victim to absolute rule or tyranny or occupied under foreign control with freedoms as set forth in the Constitution.\nThis Memorial Day, celebrate being American and remember those who have made the dream of liberty possible though sacrifice." ]

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[ "In order to effectively understand and respond to the current challenges we face as a modern society, it’s critical that researchers have access to the holistic scholarly record – one that goes beyond an article or its conclusions – encouraging deeper understanding or even reinterpretation of findings through the lens of historical context.\nAt this year’s Charleston Conference, we brought together a panel of library leaders from a diverse group of institutions to share strategic insights on acquiring primary source collections and offer best practices to promote information literacy, enrich classroom instruction, and bolster research outcomes.\n“There is a broad appeal that expands beyond the history department to all levels of research.”\nAs the Librarian for History, History of Science and African Studies at Princeton University, Alain St. Pierre is no stranger to the value of historical context in education and learning. As part of his collection strategy, he has invested in a range of primary and secondary materials to support relevant subject areas, including reference works, rare books and manuscripts, microfilm and microfiche, and digitized print and archival sources like Wiley Digital Archives.\nSignificant value is derived from the interdisciplinarity of primary source collections in particular, as they “don’t just apply to undergraduate researchers studying history,” but rather to all levels of research. From freshman writing seminars and senior theses to dissertations and research papers, graduate students and faculty researchers also have a “voracious appetite for primary sources in all formats.”\n“Primary sources took us from show-and-tell to hands-on learning.”\nMaureen Maryanski, Education and Outreach Librarian at Indiana University’s Lilly Library, added a unique perspective to the conversation as the coordinator of classes and tours that visit the rare books area of her library.\nProviding tangible “evidence of lives lived,” primary sources are a vital component of original research across many disciplines at IU, helping researchers develop critical thinking skills, find, interpret, evaluate and ethically use items, and promote active, engaged inquiry-based learning.\nMaryanski places immense value on the shift towards experiential learning that is a result of exposure to “hands-on” original sources, as one student described being “struck by the humanness of the documents” after visiting the Lilly Library’s special collection. It’s this visceral connection to original materials that opens the door for students and researchers to achieve a deeper, more personal understanding of their research topics and approach learning through a new lens.\n“When it comes to evaluating primary sources, it’s important not to think about them in isolation.”\nDespite the clear value of primary source materials in research, the suggestion isn’t that researchers abandon all other sources, but rather that they learn how to balance them. Sarah Horowitz, Curator of Rare Books and Manuscripts and Head of Quaker and Special Collections at Haverford College, reflected on the need to integrate the use of primary sources with other scholarly materials.\n“Critical engagement and context are important no matter how you’re working with primary sources,” Horowitz stressed, “and both primary and secondary sources need to be evaluated in a multitude of ways.”\nAs print primary source collections are augmented by their newly digitized counterparts, “it’s important,” Horowitz notes, “to interrogate the format, to ask why things were included in an archive collection in the first place,” and “to see the collection as a whole.”\nThe digitization of physical collections from across the globe certainly allows scholars to discover, search and explore content previously unknown or inaccessible, but it also offers a comprehensive look at the historical context and materiality.\nIn addition, secondary sources provide useful facts surrounding historical events and offer existing interpretations through published literature.\n“It’s important to collect materials for the future, not just for right now”\nOf course, building and marketing a robust collection of primary source materials comes with an array of challenges. First, there is pressure to maintain historical strengths and collect exhaustively in select fields across multiple formats – which can be costly and difficult to find.\nSecondly, librarians are also faced with the challenge of foresight. When it comes to meeting research needs at the highest level, “we need to buy it before the researchers even know they need it,” explains St. Pierre.\nFurthermore, it’s incumbent on the librarian to not only invest in these original collections, but to also ensure their proper use and engagement in classroom and research activities.\nSo where to start? Panelists strongly emphasized collaboration, as building relationships with new and existing faculty is imperative to both acquiring the right collections and ensuring successful learning outcomes. Consulting with researchers directly is also paramount in order to support use of archive finding aids and help identify the print and digital collections available.\nTo learn more about the value of primary sources and discover newly digitized archive collections, visit www.wileydigitalarchives.com.\nImage Credit: Istockphoto" ]

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[ "A fortified egg a day could keep winter vitamin D deficiency away\nThere have been numerous studies showing that giving hens feed fortified with vitamin D increases the vitamin D content of their eggs. Yet there has been no research on the impact these bio-fortified eggs would have on humans eating them.\nResearch from the ODIN project – a four-year €7.95m research project backed by €6m in funding from the EU – sought to investigate this as a way to beat low vitamin D levels in winter.\nThe trial saw 55 healthy adults aged 45–70 given either up to two non-fortified eggs a week to eat; seven vitamin D3–enhanced eggs per week or seven eggs fortified with 25-hydroxyvitamin D over eight weeks in winter.\nThe results published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition showed significantly higher blood vitamin D levels in the participants given the fortified eggs.\n“With the use of a within-group analysis, it was shown that, although serum 25(OH)D in the control group significantly decreased over winter […], there was no change in the two groups who consumed vitamin D–enhanced eggs[…],” the researchers wrote.\nBy the end of the experiment led by the University College Cork in Ireland, the percentage of participants with vitamin D blood levels below the UK threshold for deficiency (less than 25 nanomole per litre) was 22%, 0% and 0% for the control, vitamin D3 egg and 25(OH)D3 egg groups, respectively.\nEarlier this year EFSA set an adequate intake (AI) level of 15 micrograms (µg) of vitamin D per day from food sources for adults and children to achieve a serum level of 50 nanomoles per litre (nmol / L).\nFor infants aged seven to 11 months, it set 10 µg per day.\nEFSA said there was evidence for adults, infants and children of an increased risk of adverse musculoskeletal health outcomes at serum 25(OH)D concentrations below 50 nmol/L.\nAdverse pregnancy-related health outcomes also increased below the same 50 nmol / L level, though it said available data was “widely variable”.\nThe researchers warned there was currently a “considerable mismatch” between recommended and actual vitamin D intake levels.\nIndeed a previous paper from the ODIN project – which started in 2013 and involves 30 partner institutions from 18 countries overall – estimated 13% of the EU population are vitamin D deficient with serum levels of less than 30 nmol/L throughout the year.\nBased on a sample of 55,844 Europeans, they found in October to March this rose to 17.7% and in April to November this fell to 8.3%.\nFood fortification has been put forward as one way to combat this deficiency, with countries like Sweden creating lists of foods that must be fortified with the vitamin.\nMeanwhile an increase in cases of rickets in the UK sparked debated on the need for similar initiatives on a mandatory or voluntary basis.\nThe researchers behind this latest ODIN study said ‘bioaddition’ of vitamin D was also an option in tackling deficiency.\n“The use of ‘bioaddition’ which involves the addition of vitamin D to an animal’s diet to increase the vitamin D content in the resultant food, deserves serious consideration as it may produce foods that are more acceptable to consumers as well as increase the intake of various vitamin D compounds leading to improved vitamin D status.”\nThe ODIN researchers also investigated vitamin D2 from UV-irradiated yeast as a way to fortify bread.\nHowever this method proved less promising.\nThe ODIN paper published earlier this year concluded that while Vitamin D2 from UV-irradiated yeast maybe a cheaper and more ecological way to fortify bread, there was poor bioavailability in humans.\nSource: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition\nVol. 104 no. 3, pp. 629-637, doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.132530\n“Vitamin D–enhanced eggs are protective of wintertime serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a randomized controlled trial of adults”\nAuthors:A. Hayes, S. Duffy, M. O’Grady, J. Jakobsen, K. Galvin, J. Teahan-Dillon, J. Kerry, A. Kelly, J. O’Doherty, S. Higgins, K. M. Seamans and K. D. Cashman" ]

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[ "Studies have shown that UV lights that are often used in museums and art galleries can be harmful for paintings that are exposed to them for long periods of time. As a result, a trend has emerged of using LED lights that are keyed to specific colour spectrums.\nAs experts in and suppliers of LED lighting products, we recently reported that London’s National Gallery has recently fitted LED lighting in their picture galleries to ensure the safety of the paintings housed there, and optimise the quality of light, energy efficiency and reliability of the units. It’s been a battle for many museums and art galleries to maintain an open, well-lit space to exhibit their collections, and provide safe conditions to ensure that those collections remain in the best condition.\nIncandescent Lighting Damaging and Deteriorating Art Work\nLots of museums and art galleries use soft lighting to illuminate the spaces, carefully considering the layout of the halls and the visibility of the art to the visitors. But studies have shown that this approach isn’t very good for the pieces of art on display, especially pre-19th century oil on canvas work such as Vincent Van Gogh’s sunflower paintings. These iconic and much loved works of art have suffered the effects of years of unsympathetic lighting, to the point where the colours are losing their vibrancy, especially the yellow tones. Experts have identified the use of strong, harmful lighting as the cause of this deterioration, and it’s happening to works of art all over the world.\nSwitching to LED Lighting\nIt’s UV light, it seems, that is most damaging to art work and collections in museums. That’s why many museums and art galleries are switching from incandescent bulbs to LED lighting. In addition to saving energy, LED lighting also produces superior aesthetic qualities, therefore enhancing the art work without damaging it. The light from the LED looks very similar to the light produced by traditional halogen lamps that the museums used to use. “The difference isn’t perceptible,” Jens Stenger, a conservationist scientist at Yale University, told Wired. “If you don’t have a direct comparison, it’s hard to recognize the difference with the naked eye.”\nLED Lighting Supplier and Distributor\nIf you are looking for an LED lighting distributor , Nu-Light LED can help. For more information and to speak to a member of our friendly team, call Nu-Light LED on 0844 225 1140 or visit our contact page to make an enquiry." ]

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[ "In the UK there’s a huge difference in wealth per person between the poorest and richest regions, compared to other countries.\nThis is because of the way the data is collected, rather than real world effects. Using other measures the UK’s income inequality is about average compared to similar countries.\nThe data used to make this graph is largely technically accurate, but it’s comparing very unequal geographic areas so it’s not a fair comparison.\nIt makes the UK look like it has a much bigger gap between its richest and poorest regions than all the other countries in the graph; in fact this gulf between the UK and other countries is more a result of how the data is collected, rather than showing the actual regional inequality people experience.\nThe UK’s income inequality is about average for similar high-income countries when using another measure.\nThis is local GDP, but not all for local people\nThe chart shows the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per person across different regions and countries in cash terms, not accounting for inflation (the Economist confirmed to us that the “2010 prices” footnote was a typo).\nGDP measures the size of economies, in this case regional economies. But not all of that money necessarily goes into the pockets of the people living there. For example, people that live overseas can make investments in London, contributing to the size of London’s economy without being part of London’s population.\nThat means that GDP per person measures the economic output of regions divided by the number of people that live there, not how rich people in those regions are.\nThe chart says it looks at the change in regional inequality between 2000 and 2015. That isn’t always the case. The Economist confirmed to us that the 2015 data was actually from 2014 for all the countries except the USA and the UK (2015 data) and Japan (2013 data).\nSome of the data used by the Economist when they originally published the graph seems to vary slightly from the data currently published online by the OECD, but the differences are very small.\nWe’ve asked the OECD for more detail on their data and whether any of the figures have been updated in the last year.\nFor this sort of comparison to be meaningful and fair the regions in each country need to be of similar size and characteristics.\nUnfortunately they aren’t. The UK’s richest region is the City of London and Camden, essentially the capital’s financial district and an affluent central borough. But the data published by the OECD isn’t that granular for all countries. Of the nine countries listed in the graph, the UK is the only one for which sub-city breakdowns are available.\nA fairer comparison would be between, say, this region and other similarly sized areas (for example Manhattan) rather than the comparison made by the chart.\nIt might seem that arguing about geographic boundaries is splitting hairs but it’s fundamental to understanding the data. Imagine the City of London and Camden region itself was split down further into “the City” and “Camden”. The City would be the region with by far the biggest GDP per capita (given that it contains the UK’s financial district and houses very few people). So, by the GDP per person measure, the UK would look even more unequal than the chart above suggests, even though the country would be no different in reality.\nIn the absence of sub-city data for other countries, we can flip the problem on its head, by comparing London as a whole to other countries’ richest regions of similar size.\nLooking at London as a whole\nTaking Greater London as a whole as the UK’s richest region delivers markedly different results.\nBy this measure the UK’s regions are unequal, but not as dramatically and certainly aren’t the most unequal compared to those other countries the Economist looked at.\nThis isn’t a perfect comparison either and perhaps goes too far the other way. Greater London is a very large area—larger than other countries’ richest regions.\nFor example France’s richest region is the part of the suburbs west of Paris. If these were combined with the other suburbs and Paris itself, into one region, then France would look more equal than the above chart suggests.\nThere are simpler ways to understand inequality\nFor the reasons stated, using regional GDP per person to talk about inequality has its limits. Other measures suggest the UK’s inequality is about average compared to similar countries.\nFor example, the gini coefficient measures disposable income inequality on a scale from 0 to 100. The World Bank publishes figures on the gini coefficient of individual countries.\nA theoretical score of 100 would mean that everyone’s incomes were totally unequal, with all the money going to one household (complete inequality). Zero would mean everyone lived on effectively the same income (complete equality).\nCompared to the countries mentioned in the Economist graphic, the UK’s gini coefficient is fairly average. Incomes are more equal than in Italy, Spain and the United States (which has by far the highest income inequality). But the UK is less equal than France, Sweden and Germany (while data for South Korea is only available up to 2012).\nCorrection 7 November 2018\nWe've corrected a sentence saying that, by the gini coefficient, the UK is less equal than Spain. This should have read that the UK is less equal than France.\nUpdate 12 November 2018\nThe Economist have since written an explanation and critique of their figures and more analysis on regional inequality:" ]

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[ "Dental studies show that about 85% of people with persistent bad breath, also known as halitosis have a dental problem that is to blame. If you suffer from chronic bad breath, you should visit your dentist first, to rule out any dental problems.\nBad breath can be very embarrassing, but it is a common condition that affects millions of people. While there are several different causes of bad breath, there are also numerous ways to prevent it. Following these tips can help you prevent bad breath as well as keep your mouth healthy\non a daily basis.\n1) Visit Your Dentist\nVisit your dentist for regular check ups and cleanings. This is the best way to make sure that you are maintaining good oral hygiene.\n2) Brush Twice A Day\nBrush your teeth properly at least twice a day to remove plaque.\n3) Floss Daily\nFloss your teeth daily. Flossing will remove food debris from in between the teeth that a toothbrush can’t reach.\n4) Use A Mouth Rinse\nUse an anti microbial mouth rinse such as Listerine or Crest Pro-Health. Keep in mind that if a dental problem is the cause of chronic bad breath, a mouth rinse will only mask the odor and not cure it.\n5) Don’t Forget About Your Tongue\nBrush or scrape your tongue daily to help remove bacteria.\n6) Avoid Smoking\nDo not smoke or use other tobacco products. Tobacco tends to dry out your mouth and can leave an unpleasant smell.\n7) Dry Mouth\nIf you suffer from dry mouth, talk to your dentist about recommending an over the counter saliva substitute and be sure to drink plenty of water." ]

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[ "The atmosphere almost totally relies upon the hydro oxygens to clean it. Here is proof from over a dozen major institutions: https://acd-ext.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Jackman/Liang_et_al_2017.pdf\nThe abstract and introduction are very clear so this really is a full scientific endorsement for OH and hydro oxygens as a route for atmospheric cleanup, especially methane which is coming online.\nFurther to this the paper reads: “The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the primary atmospheric oxidant, and reaction with tropospheric OH is the most important removal process for many ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), their replacements and other gases that contain one or more hydrogen atoms, e.g., hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Many of these compounds are also potent greenhouse gases (GHGs) and can exert significant impacts on climate [Rigby et al., 2014; Velders et al., 2015]. The rates at which these long-lived gases are removed from the atmosphere, and therefore, their lifetimes, are dependent on the atmospheric OH abundance. Their lifetimes are used to calculate future atmospheric abundances based on emission projection scenarios. OH is also responsible for removing methane (CH4) and many short-lived atmospheric constituents, e.g., volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbon monoxide (CO). Atmospheric mean OH abundance and its interannual variations are important for understanding the observed long-term atmospheric trends of these trace gases [e.g., McNorton et al., 2016; Rigby et al., 2017; Turner et al., 2017].”\nSo it really is our duty to utilize the Hydroxyl and oxidation route to remove blocks to atmospheric cooling as the Solar system sits in a warm interstellar cloud. Putting up blocks to heat escape are not following sound engineering principles. The cost to do this has been reduced to a system that is less expensive overall than current efforts to cool the Earth, which are killing the biosphere with toxic sediment which traps heat and moisture on its way down. We don’t need to disperse these powders. We need to let Viva Cundliffe and a new team lead a milestone based launch of oxygen ionization, direct ozone repair, methane oxidation, and cooling in logical science based steps, which should reverse some of the damage done and recover the natural system with full public knowledge and oversight. Follow GC Green Carbon on twitter and youtube." ]

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[ "History of shoes. A shoe is an item of footwear intended to protect and comfort the human foot. Shoes are also used as an item of decoration and fashion. The design of shoes has varied enormously through time and from culture to culture, with appearance originally being tied to function. Additionally, fashion has often dictated many design elements, such as whether shoes have very high heels or flat ones.\nMany of French fashion media (like Marie Claire for example) think that until 1830, there was no right or left shoe, and both shoes were identical, and it is again French noticed that fits are actually different and required adapted forms of shoes. In fact not only French but also ancient Egyptians, and then Spartans and Romans, and actually all Europeans in Middle ages noticed this fact that left and right foot are actually different, and footwear should be adapted. That is why almost from the very beginning right and left shoe were produced like mirror images.\nAnother interesting fact: regulations on heel height were introduced in 1910 to ensure the decency of the dress style. If there was more than 8 cm of heels, then the outfit was considered very “risky”, and women’s dignity could be questioned.\nThe earliest known shoes are sagebrush bark sandals dating from approximately 7000 or 8000 before Christ, found in the Fort Rock Cave in the US state of Oregon. The world’s oldest leather shoe, made from a single piece of cowhide laced with a leather cord along seams at the front and back, was found in Armenia and is believed to date to 3500 before Christ. The Jotunheimen leather shoe was made between 1800 and 1100 before Christ, making it the oldest article of clothing discovered in Scandinavia.\nThese earliest designs were very simple in design, often mere “foot bags” of leather to protect the feet from rocks, debris, and cold. Although Many early natives in North America wore a similar type of footwear, known as the moccasin. Many moccasins were also decorated with various beads and other adornments. And that is how shoes style started.\nAs civilizations began to develop, thong sandals were worn. This practice dates back to pictures of them in ancient Egyptian murals from 4000 before Christ. One pair found in Europe was made of papyrus leaves and dated to be approximately 1,500 years old. The Egyptians and Hindus made some use of ornamental footwear, such as sandals known as a “Cleopatra”, which became another stylish accessory used in the palace.\nAs civilizations began to develop, the Spartans paid attention to the shoes for the army. Roman clothing was seen as a sign of power, and footwear was seen as a necessity of living in a civilized world. There are references to shoes being worn in the Bible.\nA common casual shoe in the Pyrenees during the Middle Ages was the espadrille. This is a sandal with braided jute soles and a fabric upper portion, and often includes fabric laces that tie around the ankle. The term is French and comes from the esparto grass. The shoe originated in the Catalonian region of Spain as early as the XIIIth century, and was commonly worn by peasants in the farming communities in the area.\nMany medieval shoes were made using the turnshoe method of construction, in which the upper was turned flesh side out, and was lasted onto the sole and joined to the edge by a seam. The shoe was then turned inside-out so that the grain was outside. Some shoes were developed with toggled flaps or drawstrings to tighten the leather around the foot for a better fit. Surviving medieval turnshoes often fit the foot closely, with the right and left shoe being mirror images.\nBy the XVth century, patters became popular by both men and women in Europe. These are commonly seen as the predecessor of the modern high heel shoe, while the poor and lower classes in Europe, as well as slaves in the New World, were barefoot. During the XVIth century, royalty, such as Catherine de Medici or Mary I of England, started wearing high-heeled shoes to make them look taller or larger than life. By 1580, even men wore them, and a person with authority or wealth was often referred to as, “well-heeled”.\nEventually the modern shoe, with a sewn-on sole, was devised. Since the XVIIth century, most leather shoes have used a sewn-on sole. This remains the standard for finer-quality dress shoes today. Shoemaking became more commercialized in the middle of XVIIIth century, as it expanded as a cottage industry. Large warehouses began to stock footwear, made by many small manufacturers from the area.\nUntil the XIXth century, shoemaking was a traditional handicraft, but by the century’s end, the process had been almost completely mechanized, with production occurring in large factories. Despite the obvious economic gains of mass-production, the factory system produced shoes without the individual differentiation that the traditional shoemaker was able to provide.\nThe first steps towards mechanization were taken during the Napoleonic Wars by the engineer, Marc Brunel. He developed machinery for the mass-production of boots for the soldiers of the British Army. In 1812, he devised a scheme for making nailed-boot-making machinery that automatically fastened soles to uppers by means of metallic pins or nails. With the support of the Duke of York, the shoes were manufactured, and, due to their strength, cheapness, and durability, were introduced for the use of the army.\nA shoemaker in Leicester, Tomas Crick, patented the design for a riveting machine in 1853. His machine used an iron plate to push iron rivets into the sole. The process greatly increased the speed and efficiency of production. The sewing machine was introduced in 1846, and provided an alternative method for the mechanization of shoemaking. By the late 1850s, the industry was beginning to shift towards the modern factory, mainly in the US and areas of England. A shoe stitching machine was invented by the American Lyman Blake in 1856 and perfected by 1864. Entering into partnership with McKay, his device became known as the McKay stitching machine and was quickly adopted by manufacturers throughout New England. As bottlenecks opened up in the production line due to these innovations, more and more of the manufacturing stages, such as pegging and finishing, became automated. By the 1890s, the process of mechanization was largely complete. On January 24, 1899, Humphrey O’Sullivan of Lowell, Massachusetts, was awarded a patent for a rubber heel for boots and shoes.\nSymbols of femininity and glamour, the stiletto heels revolutionized the world of footwear in the 1950s. This creation, which is attributed in turn to two great French shoes, has continued to embellish the silhouette of women and make men fantasize. The invention of high heels is sometimes credited to the French designer Charles Jourdan . This great name of the luxury shoe decided in 1951 to thin the heel of the classic shoe and hoist it to 8 cm height. It was a resolution and great dare for women.\nThis new profiled heel was an immediate success, which has never wavered in 50 years.\nFor other historians, the father of stilettos is the famous boot maker Roger Vivier, who designed the shoes of Christian Dior’s collections from 1953 to 1957. In 1954 he made the stiletto heel on the catwalks for ” finish the silhouette with a pencil stroke. This tapered heel is just one of the many creations of Roger Vivier, which has left its mark in the world of footwear.\nIndeed, he owes the invention of the heel “mini”, “arched” or “comma”.\nSince the middle of XXth century, advances in rubber, plastics, synthetic cloth, and industrial adhesives have allowed manufacturers to create shoes that stray considerably from traditional crafting techniques. Leather, which had been the primary material in earlier styles, has remained standard in expensive dress shoes, but athletic shoes often have little or no real leather. Soles, which were once laboriously hand-stitched on, are now more often machine stitched or simply glued on. Many of these newer materials, such as rubber and plastics, have made shoes less biodegradable. It is estimated that most mass-produced shoes require 1000 years to degrade in a landfill. In the late 2000s, some shoemakers picked up on the issue and began to produce shoes made entirely from degradable materials." ]

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[ "The Southern California Stormwater Monitoring Coalition (SMC) is a collaboration of more than a dozen public agencies responsible for managing discharges of stormwater and urban runoff into streams and storm drain infrastructure across coastal Southern California. The SMC pools resources and shares knowledge to improve water quality in these systems. SCCWRP, as an SMC member, facilitates the design and execution of numerous SMC studies and programs.\nThe SMC’s signature program is the Regional Watershed Monitoring Program, which examines the biological health of more than 4,000 miles of Southern California streams that drain to the coastal ocean. Since its inception in 2009, this ongoing regional monitoring program has been helping Southern California’s watershed management community to more effectively plan, allocate resources and set priorities.\nManaging runoff is challenging\nIn coastal Southern California, land-based runoff and the contaminants it transports can degrade water quality in streams and storm drain infrastructure alike. During rain and storm events, contaminants wash off the land from across hundreds of square miles of populated landscapes. And during dry weather, runoff from developed surfaces can introduce pollutants to waterways year-round.\nThe SMC helps Southern California’s stormwater management community meet the dual challenge of protecting ecological integrity and minimizing flooding risks. SMC members gain access to large, regional-scale data sets that provide key insights and context for making local-scale decisions. Furthermore, SMC participants pool their resources to pursue regional-scale investigations that collectively benefit stormwater managers across Southern California and beyond. Indeed, the SMC has supported development of numerous management strategies and tools relevant to the region that have been codified in statewide stormwater monitoring programs and policies statewide.\nSCCWRP supports SMC research\nSCCWRP works closely with the SMC to develop strategies and tools that improve the work of Southern California’s stormwater management community. In addition to facilitating the SMC Regional Watershed Monitoring Program, which runs in five-year cycles, SCCWRP runs a robust research program aimed at improving management of stormwater and urban runoff. A particular focus is on evaluating the effectiveness of various stormwater BMPs (best management practices) in improving water quality, as well as optimizing the design and placement of these solutions." ]

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[ "Holi is the most colorful and the vibrant festival of India and is celebrated with high zeal and enthusiasm. Bhang, an in-toxic element, has always been an integral part of the Holi festival and holds a great historical importance. Bhang was first used way back in 1000 BC and has always been connected to Hindu Lord Shiva.\nSlowly and gradually Bhang became one of the most essential parts of Holi. Be it the drinks, prashad, food items or the offerings to God, bhang would certainly be included in all in some or the other form. Bhang is believed to have many medical benefits. Ayurveda has been using bhang since ages because of its medicinal properties. They say bhang helps you relax and get rid of depression; also it gives you a sound and peaceful sleep.\nThere are various ways bhang can be consumed. Let us have a look at a few of them so as to make it more fun this Holi.\nBollywood movies have shown the intake of bhang since many years and what happens next to that and has given songs like ‘Rang Barse Bheege Chunr Wali” or “Jay Jay Shiv Shankar” which are played in every street of the country during the colorful festival." ]

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[ "Lancashire Day takes place on the 27th November every year. It is a celebration of Lancashire’s past, present and future and an opportunity to toast The Queen, The Duke of Lancaster.\nAll around the ‘real’ county of Lancashire, as opposed to the administrative county of Lancashire that was established in 1974 and has been tweaked several times since, the Lancashire Day Proclamation will sound out to remind all those who live within the real boundaries of Lancashire that they are entitled to call themselves true Lancastrians.\nLancashire Day celebrated by amateur radio operators\nMany amateur radio stations throughout the county run special event stations to celebrate the day. In 2020, Lancashire Day falls on a Friday, so stations will be on the air from the 27th right through to the Sunday, 29th November.\nYou will hear amateur radio stations on the air from all over the county, including Liverpool, Manchester, Salford, Warrington, Southport, Oldham, Wigan, Bolton, Bury, Rochdale, St Helens, Blackburn, Blackpool, Coniston, Hawkshead, Barrow in Furness and many more villages, towns and cities within the border of ‘real’ Lancashire that are administered by different councils. See the full list of places in Lancashire for further details.\nDerek (G7LFC) can normally be found celebrating Lancashire Day with his club, the Quantum Technology Club, at a prominent location. However, due to Cornoavirus regulations, 2020 will see hime operating GB0LDO (Lancashire Day in Ormskirk) from his home QTH.\nWhy the confusion over Lancashire?\nMany folk who are entitled to call themselves Lancastrians don’t believe they live in, or come from, Lancashire. Why?\nThe boundaries of ‘real’ Lancashire were formed back in the mists of time and in 1889 county councils were established as a form of local government around these historic borders.\nThe area that Lancashire County Council administered remained true to those historic boundaries right up until 1974. It was here that the confusion starts. The area that Lancashire County Council administered changed. So now there appeared two Lancashire boundaries; the real border that hadn’t changed, and the border of the area administered by the council that had. The council lost local control of what was to become Merseyside, Greater Manchester and Cumbria, but gained control of some of Yorkshire, and lost control of some of Lancashire to Yorkshire and Cheshire county councils.\nWhat a mess.\nIn 1986, just twelve years after their formation, the Merseyside and Greater Manchester Metropolitan Councils were abolished and were replaced by several unitary authorities like Sefton, Knowsley, Wigan and St Helens.\n1998 saw Lancashire County Council lose control of more of Lancashire with Blackburn and Darwen, Blackpool, Halton and Warrington establishing their own unitary authorities.\nAs a result of all these changes many people think they live in Merseyside, or Greater Manchester – even though their basis for thinking this (the creation of the metropolitan councils in 1974) ceased to be a viable argument given that the councils were abolished more than thirty-four years ago.\nHowever, rest assured – the real boundary of Lancashire never changed and all who live with its borders still have a right to claim themselves as true Lancastrians." ]

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[ "Use the law of constant composition to complete the following table summarizing the amounts of nitrogen and oxygen produced upon the decomposition of the sample of dinitrogen monoxide.\nMass N2O Mass N Mass O\nSample A 2.85 g 1.82 g 1.03 g\nSample C_____ _____ 1.95 g\nSample D_____ 1.91 g _____\nI understand that N2O = N+O what I don't understand is how to determine the ratio so that when I only have the total Oxygen or Nitrogen to obtain the other totals based on the laws of constant composition\nThe chemical formula of the compound is N2O. When this gas decomposes nitrogen and oxygen are released.\n2N2O --> 2N2 + O2\nThe molar mass of N2O is 14*2 + 16 = 28 + 16 = 44 g/mole, and the molar mass of oxygen and nitrogen is 32 and 14 respectively. Two moles of N2O decompose to give 2 moles of N2 and one mole of O2. Considering the mass of the elements individually, 1 mole of N2O gives 2 moles of N and 1 mole of O\nFrom the values given for sample A, 2.85/44 = 0.064 moles of N2O decompose to give 1.82/14 = = 0.065*2 = 0.13 moles of N which tallies; 1.03 g of O is 0.064 mole of O which again tallies.\nSimilarly, for sample C, the mass of O generated is 1.95 g which is 0.121 mole. The corresponding values of the mass of N2O and mass of N are 0.121*44 = 5.36 g and 0.121*14 = 1.70 g respectively.\nFor sample D, the mass of N released is 1.91 g which is equivalent to 0.136 mole. The corresponding values for the mass of N2O and O are 6 g and 2.18 g respectively." ]

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[ "Top 10 Bizarre Things Doctors Prescribe Instead of Medicine\nPrescriptions do not always lead to the pharmacy. These days, a doctor’s scribble can take you into virtual worlds and fake surgery. The homeless are also prescribed homes and addicts can pick up their heroin. Even those who bother their GPs too much run the risk of being carted off to Bingo or given Bollywood dancing lessons.\n10 Depression – Books\nIn the United Kingdom, doctors can now prescribe reading. Should a patient with depression need treatment, they can get a prescription paper from their physician for “bibliotherapy.” However, this ticket is not a backstage pass to grab any book. Given only to those with moderate depression, it can be handed over to a librarian in exchange for specific reads. Forget about your favorite Harry Potter tome. The titles are chosen by the doctor and relate to self-help topics involving depression, anxiety, OCD, diet and feeling better.\nThe hope is that sufferers would feel less isolated and experience a solution-providing catharsis. Bibliotherapy already has a good track record among children. Books explaining death, divorce and other difficult life issues to kids have been around for decades. The therapy cannot cure depression on its own but might provide another way to help manage the condition.\n9 Healthier Lifestyles – Community Gardening\nThe National Health Service (NHS) is turning people to “green prescriptions.” No, this is not marijuana. The term refers to bonding with nature to reap the medical benefits. However, in this case, the focus is more on community gardening.\nThe individual can enjoy less loneliness, anxiety, and depression. But what purpose does a bunch of gardeners serve together? A group project encourages better habits. One is more inclined to stay with a social project over time, foster a sense of community and even walk more if the garden can be reached on foot. Since many community crops produce vegetables, people also enjoy fresh produce that is free or cheaper than store-bought. Planning and maintaining the garden also helps people to think and communicate better. A successful project can even boost the environment. Growing trees consume harmful carbon from the air while also providing a haven for birds and wildlife.\n8 Mental And Physical Illnesses – Museum Visits\nIn 2018, the Francophone Association of Doctors in Canada (MfdC) asked physicians a curious thing. Would they treat patients to a museum as part of their treatment? Over 100 doctors signed up for the program. The unconventional initiative is based on evidence that visual art has a positive influence on health in general.\nA doctor will provide a free access card to the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (MMFA). The prescription allows two adults and two children to visit the museum together. This is an additional perk. While the patient views the art, they can also spend some time with their family or friends. Being social in a safe space erases the stress that aggravates many conditions.\nShepherding people into a museum as a medical treatment is a world first. Even better, the doctors can suggest it for a wide spectrum of conditions, including trauma, anxiety, depression, epilepsy, autism and Alzheimer’s. Basically, most mental and physical ailments could benefit from this program.\n7 Health Management – Nature\nAfter a successful trial run, doctors in Scotland can now legally release their patients into the wild. Since 2018, nature is an official prescription to help treat an existing condition or to reduce the risk of developing a disease. These range from diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure, and stress. This may sound insane but numerous studies have found that nature has a beneficial effect on the human mind and body.\nThe program is called “Nature Prescriptions.” When a doctor decides a person needs it, they hand the patient a pamphlet explaining how nature is a powerful healing force. This calendar also highlights things to do at certain times of the year. During January, lichen hunting is recommended, while February invites gardening and dogs are best walked in March. Other suggestions include cloud adoration and hurling rocks into the ocean after inscribing them with worries. Patients are also encouraged to use their imaginations when sauntering outdoors to soak up what nature has to offer. Hiking, listening to birds or enjoying the wind are just some of the options that could lower stress levels.\n6 Mental And Heart Health – Bike Rides\nIn 2019, Wales launched a pilot project to improve cardiovascular health. Two medical centers in the capital of Cardiff has been authorized to prescribe bike rides. Not only does regular cycling cut the risk of dying from heart disease by 52 percent but it also brightens the spirit. Needless to say, bicycles also do not pollute the air like cars and buses.\nThe health initiative allows doctors to give patients a six-month subscription to a bike-rental company in their area. In Europe, rented bicycles can cost up to £10 ( around $13) a day. This is not encouraging for those wishing to pedal their way to better health. The six-month subscription allows anyone to zip around the city for free. The program is the first of its kind in the United Kingdom but could lead to bigger things. Should it prove successful, the UK plans to add more out-of-the-box activities to complement conventional treatments.\n5 Various Conditions – Placebos And Fake Surgery\nIn 2011, the German Medical Association (BÄK) gathered information about placebos. The report found that half of all German physicians prescribe placebos and as many as 88 percent in Bavaria. Contrary to what one might initially think, BÄK did not go ballistic.\nThe placebos included vitamin pills, homeopathic alternatives, and fake surgery. The study found that in certain cases the sham worked. Not only did it relieve the blues and aches in patients but when placebos were prescribed with real medicine, the latter showed a spike in effectiveness. Interestingly, the degree to which a placebo was successful depended on its looks and price. The cheaper they came, the less effective they were. Patients also liked pills to come in certain sizes and colors, injections proved to be the best.\nAlthough nobody knows why placebos work, it could have something to do with trust. Whenever a patient felt that the doctor listened and understood their concerns, the phony pharmacy excelled. However, BÄK made it clear that standard medication should never be denied if a person’s health might suffer. The Association also recommended that doctors should be educated about placebos and that international guidelines should be drawn up to regulate their usage.\n4 Bothering GPs – Bollywood Dancing\nGeneral practitioners have an unusual burden. Patients are making appointments for things physicians cannot help with, like loneliness, debt, welfare and housing issues. In London, almost every third appointment is non-medical. As a result, GPs are swamped. Their long working hours lead to burn-out and practices struggle to hire new doctors because of the workload.\nIn London, Parchmore medical center tried something called “community prescribing.” The project launched in the borough of Croyden and allowed doctors to prescribe things that got people out of their homes and more involved with their community. However, each person was allocated an activity related to their problem. Loneliness might get a ticket for bingo or Bollywood dancing lessons. Welfare issues saw prescriptions for debt and housing meetings held at church halls.\nThere were 112 activities available and during the 18-month trial run, around 30,000 social sessions were handed out to patients. The results were promising. People became more social and connected with their community. GPs started working normal hours and outpatient referrals to Parchmore dropped by 20 percent in 2018.\n3 Homelessness – A House\nHawaii receives an annual Medicaid allotment of $2 billion. A fraction of the population is responsible for the greatest drain on this resource. Homeless people keep arriving at the emergency room with injuries, infections, mental illness and the fallout of substance abuse. Their treatment is covered by Medicaid but expenses skyrocket because individuals often return within a week with renewed infections or complications. This boomerang habit is due to living in unsanitary conditions or not having adequate shelter.\nOn average, one person could cost Medicaid $120,000 per year. Put that next to the $18,000 required to give someone a home and the answer seems obvious. In 2017, a radical bill was proposed. If homelessness could be classified as a medical condition, then doctors would be able to prescribe a house. Indeed, past research showed that healthcare costs fell by 43 percent in when the homeless were given housing. Despite the savings and safety for the homeless, not everyone agrees with the bill. The department of human resources development fears it might be abused to get free houses, plus that the costs could overwhelm the healthcare system anyway.\n2 Burn Wounds – Virtual Reality\nShriners Hospital for Children is one of the best burn facilities in America. They treat kids that arrive with terrible burn wounds, sometimes covering their faces or as much as 70 percent of their bodies. Despite Shriners’ excellent care, the strongest painkillers are not always enough. In the words of Hunter Hoffman, the pain experienced by the kids is “astronomically high.”\nHoffman is both a cognitive psychologist and the director of the Washington-based Virtual Reality Research Center. Hoffman and his colleagues came up with a novel idea. The human attention span is only so long and pain requires a lot of focus. Theoretically, should a person get lost in a virtual world, their pain awareness should drop as more brain signals are occupied with the false reality.\nRemarkably, it worked. The children’s wounds prevented a fitted device, so Hoffman used a robotic arm to hold goggles near the patient’s face. The game is called “SnowCanyon” and features cute Arctic characters the player can pelt with snowballs. The children were so distracted by the igloos and floating along the canyon that nurses could clean their wounds during the game. Indeed, their pain levels dropped by 50 percent.\n1 Addiction – Heroin\nIn 2016, Canada’s government passed an unusual law. Heroin addicts can now get their fix legally. There are serious rules restricting access to diacetylmorphine, which is medical-grade heroin. First, a patient must have failed at every other conventional treatment. A doctor must then apply to the health department on behalf of the addict. Everyone is judged on a case-by-case basis and should the person receive approval, the department provides the diacetylmorphine.\nThe approach has two benefits. The drug methadone is normally used to wean patients off heroin. When compared, the statistics showed that more people kicked the habit when they used diacetylmorphine than methadone. Those on methadone were also more likely to turn to other drugs. Secondly, the addict is monitored by medical staff during the heroin injection. This provides a safe and controlled space that otherwise could end with an overdose. In fact, Canada’s rising overdose death rate was one of the reasons why the new treatment was embraced. The paradoxical approach is not unique to the country. Doctors can prescribe diacetylmorphine in Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany, and Switzerland." ]

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[ "Preening puffin - Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica)\nPreening is a very important activity, only second to feeding. During this process, the bird removes dirt, dust and parasites from the feathers. Well maintained, they stay waterproof and provide perfect insulation. And as the puffin is a seabird that nests underground, there are a lot of things to do to keep the plumage in top shape. Skomer island, Wales, UK.\nImage dimensions: 3855 x 2570 pixels" ]

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[ "With a new foreword by Tim Cornell\n‘Can anyone be so indifferent or idle as not to care to know by what means and under what kind of polity almost the whole inhabited world was conquered and bought under the dominion of a single city of Rome?’ – Polybius, Greek Historian\nThe city of Rome created the foundations of an empire that would come to challenge and conquer the great civilizations of Europe and the Near East. H.H. Scullard’s definitive and highly acclaimed study reveals the peculiar genius of the Roman people, their predilection for law and order and their powers of organization and administration, all of which created a confederation the like of which the Greek World had never seen.\nHe explores the political, military, economic and social history of this incredible empire, showing how the Romans realized an ecumenical ideal and embraced Western Civilization within one political system. Celebrated for its political and military victories as well as its incredible feats of engineering, literature and art. Scullard charts\nA superb overview of this charged historical epoch, A History of the Roman World takes us inside the pivotal events and struggles which have heavily influenced modern western civilizations.\nList of Maps Foreword to the Routledge Classics Edition Preface to first edition Preface to second edition Preface to third edition Preface to fourth edition Introduction Part 1 Rome and Italy 1. The Land and Its Peoples 2. Regal Rome 3. The New Republic and the Struggle of the Orders 4. The Roman Republic and Its Neighbours 5. The Union of The Orders and The Constitution 6. Rome's Conquest and Organization of Italy Part 2 Rome and Carthage 7. The First Struggle 8. The Entr'acte 9. Hannibal's Offensive and Rome's Defensive 10. Scipio and Rome's Offensive Part 3 Rome and the Mediterranean 11. Rome and Greece 12. Rome and Antiochus 13. Rome and the Eastern Mediterranean 14. Rome, Italy and the Western Mediterranean 15. Roman Policy and the Government Part 4 Roman Life and Culture 16. Economic and Social Organization 17. Literature and Art 18. Roman Religion 19. Sources and Authorities Chronological Table Select Bibliography Abbreviations Notes Index" ]

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[ "The energy efficiency of Electric, Gas, and wood fireplace\nIf you purchase a fireplace for the winter, you should inquire which fireplace is the most energy efficient. There are different types of fireplaces, such as gas, electric, or wood. Each fireplace has differing operations and maintenance, and each is unique in demand. You can choose a wood fireplace if you are looking for a self-driven fireplace. But if you don't want to put in the effort, you can choose a gas or electric fireplace. But the other thing that you want is energy efficiency. Each fireplace is also different in terms of energy efficiency. So, take a look and decide which is more energy efficient.\nWhat Exactly Is Energy Efficiency?\nThe term \"energy efficiency\" means that the fireplace is efficient in its electricity use. In other words, energy efficiency means how much energy is used and wasted. Fireplaces use energy to stabilize the room temperature. For example, you are saying that a fireplace is 100% energy efficient means that there is no heat loss and that the fireplace consumes energy with no waste. The energy used by the fireplace is used to heat the room. If you say that a fireplace is 50% efficient, it means that 50% of the heat is wasted and only 50% of the energy is used to heat the room. The energy is wasted by different products such as gas, smoke, and steam. So the fireplace mustn't waste energy, as it will save you money and be good for the environment.\nWood Fireplaces and Energy Efficiency\nWood fireplaces work great in classic living spaces. If you want a reliable heating process for your home, then wood fireplaces provide a lovely ambiance. A large number of users use wood fireplaces to warm their rooms. But they also need some maintenance but are still affordable because they use fuel. Also, wood is considered eco-friendly and a good source of energy. It is also recommended to use food that comes from sustainable plants. However, you can even burn debris and waste food in the fireplace. According to research, traditional fireplaces are inefficient and waste energy. But modern fireplaces are 75% energy efficient. You can also use some methods to increase energy efficiency. Clean the chimney frequently. Use seasoned wood. The damper should be fully opened. Install the fan heat exchanger. Add insulation Use a circulating fan for ventilation. The upper body of the fireplace should be tempered glass. Investing in a wood fireplace is an energy-efficient option for owners.\nElectric Fireplace Efficiency\nElectric fireplaces are a good option if you don't want to put in the effort, and they are readily available to run. You have to connect it to the grid, and the setup is also easy and does not require much maintenance. If you live in an area with mild winters, then you can choose an electric fireplace for your small home. Its design is also appealing, making it look great in your room. Electric fireplaces use fossil fuels that produce too much energy. You can only install it if you have solar panels in your home. The energy efficiency of electric fireplaces is also not good. They waste a lot of energy and produce little heat. So it would be best if you spent a lot of time working the electric fireplaces.\nGas fireplace efficiency\nGas fireplaces are considered instantaneous heaters and a convenient way to produce heat. It uses natural gas to produce heat, which is an energy-efficient source. Gas fireplaces are affordable, and when they are combined with modern design, they will brighten your room. There are different types of gas fireplaces, and you can choose one of them.\nVent-free fireplaces are considered the most energy-efficient fireplaces, and the efficiency of such fireplaces is around 99 percent. All the energy is kept inside the home, and no vent air is used. As there is no vent air outside, you need adequate air to ensure enough ventilation. However, many countries do not allow these fireplaces, so you can check your country's rules before purchasing one.\nDirect-vent fireplaces are more energy efficient than traditional wood-burning or gas fireplaces. A direct vent fireplace is designed to vent exhaust gases directly outside the home rather than through a chimney. This helps to keep warm air from escaping the house through the chimney and reduces drafts. Additionally, direct-vent fireplaces have a glass front, which allows heat to radiate back into the room instead of going up the chimney.\nB-vent fireplaces are generally not very energy efficient. They use outdoor air for combustion and vent the exhaust gases directly outside, which can result in a loss of heat from the house. Additionally, they can allow warm air to escape the chimney because they are open to the room. However, if you want to use a B-vent fireplace, there are some ways to improve its energy efficiency. One is to install a tight-fitting glass or metal door to help reduce draughts and retain heat. Another is to install a damper at the top of the chimney to help control airflow.\nCost of operation (average monthly cost)\nEach fireplace operates differently and uses different resources to produce heat. The cost is also different and depends on its usage. If you live in a rural area, you can choose a wood fireplace; otherwise, you can rely on an electric or gas fireplace. People living in more rural locations were able to store wood for use during the colder months of the year. If you own a home, you have the option of using a fireplace that burns wood. Depending on where you live, the price of a wood fireplace could range anywhere from $300 to $700. The amount of wood you burn has an impact on the price as well; the more wood you burn, the higher the price will be. Gas fireplaces are an efficient and cost-effective heating option for many homeowners. One of the main advantages of gas fireplaces is that they use natural gas as a fuel source, which is typically less expensive than other forms of fuel, such as electricity or propane. Also, gas fireplaces are easy to operate and do not require the same maintenance as wood-burning fireplaces. Because of their high price, electric fireplaces are not a practical choice for homeowners. However, the price will vary depending on where you live. Electricity can be very inexpensive in some nations, but in others, it can be prohibitively expensive.\nWhich fireplace is the most energy efficient?\nThe answer is that it depends on the situation and how the fireplace is used. Electric fireplaces could be more energy efficient if used for a few hours or if the temperature is not very high. In some cases, gas and electric fireplaces produce the same heat and are more energy efficient. You can even purchase a central heater if an electric heater is not energy efficient. Gas fireplaces are considered energy efficient, and some gas heaters are 100% energy efficient. They can also heat large spaces in a few minutes. Wood fireplaces are also energy efficient but need to be appropriately maintained. They are only good if you are living in a rural area or you can stockpile wood." ]

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[ "Adult Learning In Agriculture: A South African Case Study of Responses to Printed and Digital Matter\nThe results of studies conducted in the agricultural sector of the RSA are offered and discussed. It is argued that when designing effective learning material for adult users, successful communication is the core challenge. In the conducted studies the focus fell on information dissemination aimed at educating adult small-scale farmers on best practices in agriculture. The aim with the studies was to discern whether adult learners interpreted the information offered to them in the way that the communicators intended it to be interpreted. An attempt therefore to determine the meaning adult learners attached to received information via different media. The first part of the paper reports on information conveyed via material in printed and digitised format. Criteria such as comprehension, usefulness, attractiveness and/or appreciation were used to investigate the reception of content carried by verbal and visual signs. The aim of the data analysis is to indicate the effectiveness of the communication process. Conclusions and recommendations regarding the preferred use of visual and verbal signs in this context are highlighted. The second part of the paper focuses on the effectiveness of information communicated to a similar target group via digitally born media. The findings in this part of the paper draw attention to the possible success of digital media (with its possibilities of e.g. animation and sound) in communicating the learning material effectively, in contrast to the static visual and verbal signs that are offered on paper. Conclusions involve the way in which visual and verbal signs have been used in the investigated media. Recommendations are made regarding what to avoided and what embrace when packaging information for adult learning.\nKeywords: Communication Designs, Adult, Community And Workplace Literacies, Adult Learning, Adult Learning In Agriculture, Responses To Printed, Digitised And Born Digital Matter, Effective communication, Visual Signs, Verbal Signs, Animation, Sound\nDr Karen De Wet\nSenior Lecturer, Department of Information Science, University of Pretoria\nAssociate Professor, Department of Information Science, University of Pretoria" ]

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[ "If you want your content to be displayed in the search results, you have to remember about crawling. The Google index lists all the pages that Google is familiar with. While browsing your website, Google robots detect any new or changed subpages and update the index.\nCrawling – what is it and how does it work?\nCrawling is the process of integrating new websites into the Google search engine. During this process, everything is determined by the used meta tag:\nIn the first case, Google robot (also called a spiderbot, a web crawler or web wanderer) will visit your website, examine the source code and then index it. On the other hand, the no-index meta tag means that the page won’t be included in the web search index. So when you browse the net, you actually browse the Index, the Google database.\nGoogle Bots check many factors on the website before indexing it – they take into account such elements as keywords, content, correct source code or title and alt attributes.\nHow to check if your website is indexed?\nTo check the indexing status of a specific link, such as a profile, just enter it into the search engine. If it appears in the search results, it means that your website has been indexed. If you wish to check the indexing of a whole website or blog and the number of new topics and indexed subpages, just type in:\nThere are a few ways to make Google robots visit your website more frequently and index it. The first thing you need to do is to check if the robots.txt file allows Google robots to properly index your website.\nRobots.txt is a file responsible for providing communication with the robots that index your website. This file is the first thing checked by Google robots after entering a website so maybe it’s worth advising or suggesting them how to index your site.\nWebsite indexing methods\n1. Adding the website with the use of Google Search Console\nIt’s the quickest and easiest way to index your website – it takes only up to a few minutes. After this time your website becomes visible in Google. Just paste your website address into the indexing box and click → request indexing.\n2. Adding the website with the use of XML maps\nThe XML map is designed specially for Google robots and it’s advisable for every website to have it as it noticeably facilitates site indexing. The XML map is a set of all information about URL addresses, subpages and their updates.\nOnce you manage to generate an XML map of your website, you should add it to the Google search engine. Thanks to it Google robots will know where to find a particular sitemap and its data. Use Google Search Console in order to send your XML map to Google. Once the map is processed, you’ll be able to display statistics concerning your website and various useful information about errors.\n3. Website indexing with the use of a PDF file\nTexts in PDF are more and more frequently published on various websites. If the text is in the abovementioned format, Google may process the images to extract the text.\nHow do search engine robots treat links in PDF files? Exactly the same way as other links on websites as they provide both PageRank and other indexing signals. However, remember not to include no-follow links in your PDF file.\nIn order to check the indexing of PDF files you need to enter a given phrase accompanied by „PDF” in Google.\nPDF is just one of many types of files that can be indexed by Google. If you want to find out more, go to: https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/35287?hl=en\n4. Website indexing with the use of online tools\nIt’s a basic and very simple form of indexing done with the use of numerous backlinks. There are various tools that enable doing it, however, most of them are paid or have a limited free version. Indexing with the use of online tools is important for links and pages that you don’t have access to. By indexing them Google robots will be able to freely crawl them.\nOnline indexing tools:\nCrawl Budget is a budget for indexing your website. More specifically, Crawl Budget is the number of pages indexed by Google robots during a single visit on your site. The budget depends on the size of your website, its condition, errors encountered by Google and, of course, the number of backlinks to your site. Robots index billions of subpages every day, so every visit to the site burdens some of the owner’s and Google’s servers.\nThere are two parameters that have the most noticeable impact on Crawl Budget:\n- Crawl Rate Limit – limit of the indexing factor\n- Crawl Demand – frequency with which the website is indexed\nCrawl Rate Limit is a limit that has been set so that Google doesn’t crawl too many pages in a given time. It should prevent the website from being overloaded as it refrains Google from sending too many requests that would slow down the speed and the loading time of your site. However, Crawl Rate Limit may also depend on the speed of the website itself – if it’s too slow then the speed of the whole process is also slowed down. In such a situation Google will be able to examine only a few of your subpages. Crawl Rate Limit is also influenced by the limit set in Google Search Console. The website owner can change the limit value through the panel.\nCrawl Demand is about technical limitations. If the website is valuable for its potential users, Google robots will be more willing to visit it. There is also a possibility that your website will not be indexed even if Crawl Rate Limit isn’t surpassed. This may happen due to two factors:\n- popularity – websites that are very popular with users are also more frequently visited by Google robots.\n- up-to-date topicality – Google algorithms check how often the website is updated.\nThere are numerous ways to crawl your website in Google. The most popular ones include:\n- website indexing with the use of Google Search Console,\n- XML maps,\n- website indexing PDF files,\n- website indexing with the use of online tools.\nWhile indexing your site, you need to take into account several factors that will make it easier for you to achieve the best possible results. These factors include:\n- meta tags,\n- the robots.txt file,\n- Crawl Budget." ]

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[ "Mlecchita Vikalpa is one of the 64 arts listed in Vatsyayana's Kamasutra. The list appears in Chapter 3 of Part I of Kamasutra and Mlecchita Vikalpa appears as the 44th item in the list. The term Mlecchita Vikalapa has been translated into English as \"the art of understanding writing in cypher, and the writing of words in a peculiar way\".\nMlecchita Vikalpa is the art of secret writing and secret communications. In The Codebreakers, a 1967 book by David Kahn about the history of cryptography, the reference to Mlecchita Vikalpa in Kamasutra is cited as proof of the prevalence of cryptographic methods in ancient India. Though Kamasutra does not have details of the methods by which people of that time practiced this particular form of art, later commentators of Kamasutra have described several methods. For example, Yasodhara in his Jayamangala commentary on Kamasutra gives descriptions of methods known by the names Kautilya and Muladeviya. The ciphers described in the Jayamangala commentary are substitution ciphers: in Kautiliyam the letter substitutions are based on phonetic relations, and Muladeviya is a simplified version of Kautiliyam. There are also references to other methods for secret communications like Gudhayojya, Gudhapada and Gudhavarna. Some modern writers on cryptography have christened the ciphers alluded to in the Kamasutra as Kamasutra cipher or Vatsyayana cipher.\nThe exact date of the composition of Kamasutra has not been fixed. It is supposed that Vatsyayana must have lived between the first and sixth centuries AD. However, the date of the Jayamangla commentary has been fixed as between the tenth and thirteenth centuries CE.\nThis is a Mlecchita named after Kautilya, the author of the ancient Indian political treatise, the Arthashastra. In this system, the short and long vowels, the anusvara and the spirants are interchanged for the consonants and the conjunct consonants. The following table shows the substitutions used in the Kautiliyam cipher. The characters not listed in the table are left unchanged.\na ā i ī u ū ṛ ṝ ḷ ḹ e ai o au ṃ ḩ ñ ś ṣ s i r l u kh g gh ṅ ch j jh ñ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ th d dh n ph b bh m y r l v\nThere is a simplified form of this scheme known by the name Durbodha.\nAnother form of secret writing mentioned in Yasodhara's commentary on Kamasutra is known by the name Muladeviya. This existed both in the spoken form and in the written form. In the written form it is called Gudhalekhya. This form of secret communications were used by kings' spies as well as traders in various geographical locations in India. Also this form of secret communications has been popular among thieves and robbers. However, there were variations in the actual scheme across the various geographical areas. For example, in the erstwhile Travancore Kingdom, spread over a part of present-day Kerala State in India, it was practiced under the name Mulabhadra with some changes from the schemes described by Yashodhara.\na kh gh c t ñ n r l y k g ṅ ṭ p ṇ m ṣ s ś\nThe great Indian epic Mahabharata contains an incident involving the use of this type of secret talking. Duryodhana was planning to burn Pandavas alive and had made arrangements to send Pandavas to Varanavata. Vidura resorted to secret talk to warn Yudhishthira about the dangers in front of everybody present. Only Yudhishthira could understand the secret message. None others even suspected that it was a warning.\nThis is an elementary and trivial method for obscuring the true content of spoken messages and it is popular as a language game among children. The idea is to add some unnecessary letters chosen randomly to the beginning or to the end of every word in a sentence. For example, to obscure the sentence \"will visit you tonight\" one may add the letters \"dis\" at the beginning of every word and convey the message as \"diswill disvisit disyou distonight\" the real content of which may not be intelligible to the uninitiated if pronounced rapidly.\n- Translators: Richard Burton, Bhagavanlal Indrajit, Shivaram Parashuram Bhide (January 18, 2009). The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana (Translated From The Sanscrit In Seven Parts With Preface,Introduction and Concluding Remarks). The Project Gutenberg. Retrieved 3 December 2015.\n|last1=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)\n- David Kahn (December 1996). The Codebreakers. Simon and Schuster. p. 74. ISBN 9781439103555. Retrieved 25 November 2015.\n- Simon Singh. \"The Black Chamber\". Retrieved 4 December 2015.\n- Anil Baran Ganguly (1979). Fine Arts of Ancient India. Abhinav Publications. pp. 1678–170. Retrieved 4 December 2015.\n- Friedrich L Brauer (2007). Decrypted Secrets: Methods and Maxims of Cryptology. Springer. p. 47. ISBN 978-3-540-24502-5.\n- Anil Baran Ganguly (1979). Fine Arts in Ancient India. Abhinav Publications. p. 169. Retrieved 26 November 2015." ]

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[ "image from makeandtakes.com\nIt would be great to get families involved, but you can still do your own version of the Olympics with the kids to focus on health and fitness.\n- Dependent on what activities children choose\n- Let the kids brainstorm different ideas for Olympic events.\n- Think of ways to make the games cooperative instead of competitive.\n- Depending on how many events you choose to do, you might have small groups of children responsible for planning individual events (such as determining necessary materials, the rules, and where the event will be in your program space). This is an especially good opportunity for older kids in a school-based program.\nCheck out the full September calendar to see the month at a glance as well as floating holidays, specialty weeks, and themes for the month." ]

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[ "Translation of chapter: cultural perspectives in Reading.\nCabrera Morales, Estefania Amairany\nMetadataShow full item record\nOver the course of history, language has played an important role in society because it helps people to communicate with each other in a spoken or a written way with the purpose of sharing ideas and desires. Also, language is an important aspect for all cultures because it demonstrates how they are different from one another. Moreover, differences among languages have made communication hard for all those people from different nationalities, and here is where translation plays a remarkable role with language. For that reason, translation is considered as a valuable bridge in which two languages work together, one of them being the source language and the other the target language.\n- Licenciatura" ]

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[ "May 17, 2017\n04:00 pm - 05:00 pm PDT\nIn today’s world, how do we best build and maintain democratic societies that are pluralistic, open, and resilient to violence? What can we learn from history to help us in this inquiry? Join staff and teachers of Facing History and Ourselves in a conversation about lessons for democracy today from a case study on the Holocaust.\nStart by doing your own assessment with this checklist for a healthy democracy.\nParticipants for this Webinar include:\n- Mary Hendra (host), Program Director for Los Angeles and Organizational Innovation, Facing History and Ourselves\n- Laura Tavares, Facing History and Ourselves staff and co-writers of the revised edition of the Holocaust and Human Behavior\n- Leslie Smith, teacher, Rowland High School\n- Aliza Luft, Assistant Professor, UCLA Department of Sociology\n- Robin Hernandez, teacher, Whittier\nResources for this Webinar:\n- Entire collection of Holocaust and Human Behavior resources\n- Holocaust and Human Behavior table of contents\n- Streamable (short) videos aligned with the new Holocaust and Human Behavior book\n- Checklist for a healthy democracy\n- One Identity, Multiple Belongings\n- Visual Essay on Memorials and Monuments\n- The Butterfly Project\n- June 29 Forum in LA\n- All Professional Development available for teachers from Facing History nationwide\n- What Makes Democracy Work?\n- Reading Heil Hitler: lessons of daily life\n- One-week unit plan mentioned by Robin\nAdd Event to Calendar" ]

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[ "The Landau theory of second order phase transitions has probably been one of the most influential theories in all of condensed matter. It classifies phases by defining an order parameter — something that shows up only below the transition temperature, such as the magnetization in a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition. Landau theory has framed the way physicists think about equilibrium phases of matter, i.e. in terms of broken symmetries. Much current research is focused on transitions to phases of matter that possess a topological index, and a major research question is how to think about these phases which exist outside the Landau paradigm.\nDespite its far-reaching influence, Landau theory actually doesn’t work quantitatively in most cases near a continuous phase transition. By this, I mean that it fails to predict the correct critical exponents. This is because Landau theory implicitly assumes that all the particles interact in some kind of average way and does not adequately take into account the fluctuations near a phase transition. Quite amazingly, Landau theory itself predicts that it is going to fail near a phase transition in many situations!\nLet me give an example of its failure before discussing how it predicts its own demise. Landau theory predicts that the specific heat should exhibit a discontinuity like so at a phase transition:\nHowever, if one examines the specific heat anomaly in liquid helium-4, for example, it looks more like a divergence as seen below:\nSo it clearly doesn’t predict the right critical exponent in that case. The Ginzburg criterion tells us how close to the transition temperature Landau theory will fail. The Ginzburg argument essentially goes like so: since Landau theory neglects fluctuations, we can see how accurate Landau theory is going to be by calculating the ratio of the fluctuations to the order parameter:\nwhere is the error in Landau theory, quantifies the fluctuations and is the order parameter. Basically, if the error is small, i.e. , then Landau theory will work. However, if it approaches , Landau theory begins to fail. One can actually calculate both the order parameter and the fluctuation region (quantified by the two-point correlation function) within Landau theory itself and therefore use Landau theory to calculate whether or not it will fail.\nIf one does carry out the calculation, one gets that Landau theory will work when:\nwhere is the reduced temperature, is the dimension, is the dimensionless mean-field correlation length at (extrapolated from Landau theory) and is the change in specific heat in units of , which is usually one per degree of freedom. In words, the formula essentially counts the number of degrees of freedom in a volume defined by . If the number of degrees of freedom is large, then Landau theory, which averages the interactions from many particles, works well.\nSo that was a little bit of a mouthful, but the important thing is that these quantities can be estimated quite well for many phases of matter. For instance, in liquid helium-4, the particle interactions are very short-ranged because the helium atom is closed-shell (this is what enables helium to remain a liquid all the way down to zero temperatures at ambient conditions in the first place). Therefore, we can assume that , and hence and deviations from Landau theory can be easily observed in experiment close to the transition temperature.\nDespite the qualitative similarities between superfluid helium-4 and superconductivity, a topic I have addressed in the past, Landau theory works much better for superconductors. We can also use the Ginzburg criterion in this case to calculate how close to the transition temperature one has to be in order to observe deviations from Landau theory. In fact, the question as to why Ginzburg-Landau theory works so well for BCS superconductors is what awakened me to these issues in the first place. Anyway, we assume that is on the order of the Cooper pair size, which for BCS superconductors is on the order of . There are about particles in this volume and correspondingly, and Landau theory fails so close to the transition temperature that this region is inaccessible to experiment. Landau theory is therefore considered to work well in this case.\nFor high-Tc superconductors, the Cooper pair size is of order and therefore deviations from Landau theory can be observed in experiment. The last thing to note about these formulas and approximations is that two parameters determine whether Landau theory works in practice: the number of dimensions and the range of interactions.\n*Much of this post has been unabashedly pilfered from N. Goldenfeld’s book Lectures on Phase Transitions and the Renormalization Group, which I heartily recommend for further discussion of these topics." ]

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[ "Winter is a great time to get outdoors and the winter night sky is a great time for stargazing. Take advantage of the longer nights and have some fun!\nLet your imagination grow — turn out the lights, tune in your senses, and step out into the night!\nHere are some tips to get you started:\n- Adjust to the dark: To see the faint stars and possible meteors, make sure you give your eyes at least 15 minutes to adjust to the darkness.\n- Escape Light Pollution: Even if there is no moon, we will still have light pollution. Lights from houses, streets and especially all the building in Baltimore City can block what you see in the night sky. For the best experience, find a big open area, such as a park, field or suburban backyard. For an even better view, try reserving some time at one of GSCM’s four campgrounds. The fields at Camp Ilchester and Camp Conowingo, Chimney Trail are great locations!\n- Dress for the weather: It is January and it is cold outside. Dress in layers especially if you plan to be out for more than a few minutes. An hour of observing a winter meteor shower can chill you to the bone. Instead of standing, bring a blanket or lounge chair and make sure you have extra layers, a hat, gloves, and very warm coat. Maybe you can even bring hot chocolate to warm your belly too.\n- Prepare for stargazing: Not sure what to look for when you look up? Prepare before you head out.\n- Try making a star finder before you head out. Star finders help you learn your way around the night sky by finding some of the constellations. NASA has great star finders for each month available online for you to download and print. Click here to get started!\n- Learn about what to expect when you look up at night in January. Here is a great video from Space.com explaining what days you can see special things like as planets, meteors and comets!\n- You can learn even more in this slide show of the “Best Night Sky Events for Stargazers in January 2015” by Sky Maps\nTry some of these great badge activities’ while you are planning your evening:\nFor Girl Scout Daisies: Work on part of your Between Earth and Sky journey by taking a daytime or evening walk in nature to find colors. Before heading out, share your favorite color with everyone and then learn about new colors such as violet, sienna or magenta. Then, investigate if these colors make any of your new flower friends unique. While on your stroll, look for as many colors as you can find in nature. Once you are back, sit in a circle with your friends and ask questions to see if everyone saw the same things. How many different shades of green did you see? How many different colors did you see in the stars? Did any colors outside surprise you? How did being outside make you feel?\nFor Girl Scout Brownies: Work on part of your Senses badge. Try Step 2: listen to the world by listening for 10 different nighttime sounds. Head outside, close your eyes, and listen for 10 different sounds. Next, draw a picture of what you think the sounds might be or what you think you heard.\nFor Girl Scout Juniors: Work on part of your Drawing badge. Get some perspective! Draw an outdoor scene using techniques that show perspective with different sizes to show objects that are close and far away. Using your great observation skills, try recreating a daytime scene with shadows or a starry night scene filled with stars.\nFor Girl Scout Cadettes: Work on part of your Night Owl badge. Explore nature at night and take this chance to learn more about an astronomy topic that interests you. You might make a drawing of the Big Dipper or the North Star. You could try using a telescope or binoculars to get a better look at planets, galaxies and star clusters in the night sky.\nFor Girl Scout Seniors: Work on part of your Sky badge by focusing on the night sky. Looking up, identify 10 constellations and 8 noticeable stars (5 of which are magnitude 1 or brighter). Learn how to find the North Star from the Big Dipper, and then how to use the North Star to find north. For even more fun, learn how navigators have used the North Star throughout history.\nLooking for more? You can also try some of these activities with your friends:\n- Enhance you song skills with “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star.” See if you can sing in a round together and make hand movements to go with the words.\n- Learn a new song. One of Mad Dog and Who?’s favorite songs to sing at Resident Camp is the meteorite song, “What Is a Shooting Star?”. Try watching the song’s YouTube video by They Might be Giants, to learn the song and sing it with your friends. If you need lyrics, you can find them online here.\n- Learn the poem “Star Light, Star Bright” and talk about wishes you would make on the stars or things you have wished for in the past\n- Try some creative writing by writing you own poem about the stars and what you see in the night sky. Try new formats such as a haiku or limerick.\nCover image from theguardian.com" ]

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[ "A mind map is the whole-brain study method used in generating and organizing ideas. You place an image at the centre of a piece of paper which represents the subject matter of the mind map. Then you write down key words that explain the topic. Next, you proceed to write down sub-topics leading out from the central idea which represent the main topic that comes from thinking of the previous idea. From each main topic, you then write out into sub-topics.\nThere are many uses for mind maps, such as the following:\n- Ideas generating\n- Personal goal setting\n- Exams studying\n- Comprehension and retention reading improvement\n- Business plan creation\n- Coming up with different options to resolve a problem\nMindmup is a good mind mapping site!\nBelow you’ll find the seven tips you need to follow to study with mind map:\nTip #1 To Study with a Mind Map\nAssociate with the brilliant friends in class. You may not like them initially, but these brilliant students will give you tips on how to study more efficiently. Also, they also tend to be very good at note-taking. Try to ask for their class notes without making them feel used. It is vital that you return the favor to them or they will not be likely to give you more notes when next you ask for it.\nTip #2 To Study with a Mind Map\nRefer the entire exam question (with solutions) from the previous years and attempt to study and memorize all the answers. Lecturers usually reuse the same questions from past years. All you need to do is study and remember all the questions from the previous two to three years.\nTip #3 To Study with a Mind Map\nInstead of reading the whole textbook, skip to the end of each chapter to study and memorize the summary. Sometimes, textbooks have a lot of fluff in it that can be time wasting.\nTip #4 To Study with a Mind Map\nAlways make a record of all the lectures either on a mobile phone or voice recorder and then listen to them at ease and quite place. Although most lectures can be boring, listening to the lectures in your spare time will help you to remember important things.\nTip #5 To Study with a Mind Map\nLearn how to use a mind map when trying to summarize important topics. Drawing mind maps will help you to simplify complex concepts. Use the Pomodoro technique to split your mind mapping time. This will help you to create a clean and concrete map.\nTip #6 To Study with a Mind Map\nStart to add a second level of thought. Make words or images that are related and linked to the main topic keywords/themes that generated them. The relating lines on which these words/images are placed should be thinner. These words can be in lower case.\nTip #7 To Study with a Mind Map\nWrite down keywords which represent the central topic idea. Throughout the mind map, you’ll use just one keyword per line. Keywords exercise your analytical “left brain” and help a student find the essence of the subject. A phrase or sentence locks the meaning of a word into a very limited point. Using just one keyword per line gives the freedom to discover the maximum amount of creative relations for each keyword. When you first start mind mapping, the temptation to use whole phrases will be enormous, but you should always look for opportunities to reduce expressions to a single word.\nIndividuals can utilize the mind map process for personal study development acts; it is critical to understand that it will not only teach you how to read efficiently but also help you to enhance your brain potential. Individuals interested in these therapies should always seek comprehensive information about any process mind map therapy they intend to use.\nyou can combine this technique with my tips to get better grades. Mind mapping applies to all your lessons;\nAn adage says “practice makes perfect” isn’t true. Thoughtful practice under the appropriate conditions, with the right mind map, is more like it. Instead of reading through all of the class notes and redoing past homework problems, top students make themselves practice exams, and review their exam performance, under time pressure and in similar conditions (no notes, uncomfortable chair, quiet room, etc.) to what they’ll see on exam and test day." ]

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[ "PLEASE NOTE: This is the first of a two part series. Part two with comprehensive and specific options on what to do if you already have a root canal will be posted soon. These two articles are our effort to help save lives not teeth.\nBy Dr. Lina Garcia\nOne of the fundamental understandings that supports holistic, biological dentistry is that the dental procedures and materials used in them can affect your whole body, not just your teeth.\nIn the case of a root canal procedure, it can lead to a number of chronic health problems and even degenerative diseases. Unfortunately, it is very rare for someone in need of dental care to be aware of this.\nAlthough you may be surprised to read this view of root canals, any time the procedure is done there is a real possibility it can endanger your overall health because of the infection and toxicity that can develop in your tooth after the root canal is performed.\nThe connection between a root canal treated tooth and disease in another area of your body is one the majority of health-care practitioners and their patients are simply unaware of.\nThe lack of awareness of this connection is puzzling when you consider that in conventional dentistry medicine there is an appreciation of research that has identified a connection between periodontal disease and other health problems, such as heart disease, stroke, respiratory diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis, and difficulties during pregnancy.\nPeriodontal disease is the general label used to describe chronic infection and/or inflammation of the gums and the supporting structures of the teeth. The American Academy of Periodontology actively seeks to educate the public about research that supports what perceptive dentists inevitably recognize: “Infections in the mouth can play havoc elsewhere in the body.”\nPeriodontal Disease: A Risk Factor for a Root Canal\nPeriodontal disease has been identified as a potential risk factor for many systemic diseases. However, it is not well appreciated that microbes surrounding a periodontally involved tooth can invade it from the apex and damage or kill it.\nWhen this happens, a conventional dentist will recommend a root canal procedure. Tragically, most conventional dental and medical establishments inexplicably disregard the connection between oral microbes associated with root canals and systemic disease.\nSo, every year, millions of Americans undergo at least one root canal procedure with no awareness of the risk involved to their overall health. The root canal procedure is typically done instead of extracting the diseased, dying, or sometimes already dead tooth.\nRoot canals have been, and continue to be, a conventional, or “standard of care,” procedure done by a dentist or an endodontist. (An endodontist is a dentist who specializes in doing a root canal procedure, which is also called endodontic therapy.)\nThe root canal procedure is endorsed by the dental establishment as the preferred alternative to extraction. It is a big part of the business of dentistry. Give people what they want — and who wants to lose a tooth? So conventional dentistry offers a procedure that allows patients to keep a problem tooth while conveying confidence there are no risks involved.\nBut, unfortunately, there are risks. And what all too many dental practitioners don’t realize is that a root canal treated tooth can be a direct cause of numerous degenerative diseases.\nMany Diseases Can Be Related to Root-Canal-Treated Teeth\nIf you have at least one root canal treated tooth, acting upon the understanding that it can be damaging to your health may help you realize freedom from one of the diseases or ailments listed in the table below.\n|Arthritis||Appendicitis||Endocarditis and myocarditis (heart inflammation)||Kidney, liver, and gallbladder problems|\n|Meningitis||Anemia||Hardening of the arteries||Nervous system breakdowns|\n|Pneumonia||Heart lesions||Eye infections||Cancer|\nMany people suffer from diseases or ailments that modern medicine says are ofunknown cause. Well, the reality is that root canals are a seriously overlooked cause of many diseases.\nMore and more holistic-minded dentists, physicians and other practitioners are beginning to realize that many previously “incurable” diseases and ailments, which have no conventionally recognized cause, can sometimes be radically improved or completely resolved by extracting a root-canal tooth (or teeth) and properly cleaning out the tooth socket(s).\nA Root Canal Will Leave Dead Tissue in Your Body\nOn the surface, having a root canal procedure instead of extracting a tooth is very appealing. A tooth is obviously an important part of your body that you want to keep if at all possible. But it’s more important for you to see your health in a holistic way, so you can avoid losing much more than your tooth It’s silly for us to think of ourselves as a collection of body parts that function independently of each other.\nSeeing your health in a holistic way leads to understanding that each and every, part of your body can have an influence on the whole. In cases of intense pain, it may be thought of as a “mercy killing,” but having a root canal can definitely be an effective way to eliminate the pain — kill the tooth and you kill the pain.\nThe pain is gone because the nerves are gone. However, a much more accurate, no-nonsense way of describing the end result of a root canal is this: It doesn’t “save” the life of the tooth, but it does keep enough of the tooth’s structure intact so that the crowned chewing surface will be functional, and you keep the aesthetic value of the tooth.\nSo there you are — you are now left with a functional but dead tooth in your mouth that looks good when you smile. But think about this for a moment. Doesn’t it seem unhealthy, and even strange, to leave a dead tooth in your mouth? If any another organ in your body, like your appendix, were dead, it would have to be removed or else very aggressive strains of microbes that nature uses to decompose dead tissue would set in and threaten your life! And something similar happens with a dead tooth, whether it is killed from infection, trauma or the root-canal procedure.\nAfter a root canal is done, the dead tooth, not sometimes, but always becomes an environment conducive to harboring chronic infection and toxicity. Because there is no reliable way, practically speaking, to completely sterilize a root canal treated tooth, (while it is still in a patient’s mouth), it will be a source of infection for the whole body until it is extracted and the tooth socket is cleaned.\nHow to Avoid the Root Canal Procedure That You Might Not Even Need\nOne of my biggest challenges as a Biological Dentist is when a patient cries with regret for agreeing to have a root canal procedure done to a tooth or teeth – a procedure they neither needed nor understood from the perspective of whole body health. Like any part of the body, a tooth can be inflamed, painful, or simply sensitive. If you go to a dentist they will quite often advise you to have a root canal.\nBut not so fast! Let’s learn and make a wise decision. The table below lists several reasons a tooth can be sensitive or painful but please understand that it there is not enough space in this article to more fully elaborate. The best way to evaluate your specific pain would be with a qualified dental professional.\n|Clenching or grinding||Stress||Poor hygiene||Referred pain from your heart|\n|Referred muscle pain from temporalis or masseter muscles||Lack of sleep||Trigeminal neuralgia||Sinus headaches|\n|Sugars or processed foods, even fruits||Ill-fitting restorations||Neuropathic pain||Tumors or aneurisms|\n|Hormone changes including perimenopause, menstrual cycles, and changes in testosterone levels||Fractures||Referral headaches from migraines or cluster headaches that change the blood vessels and nerves of the head||Salivary dysfunction|\nEvery single tooth is a little organ, and the same blood and lymphatic fluid that flows to and through your heart and all the other organs and systems in your body also flows to and through your teeth. Additionally, there is a complex system of nerves that connect your teeth to your brain, and every tooth is connected to one of the channels of life-force energy most commonly known as the acupuncture meridians. So, when you see the whole picture, you understand that your teeth are affected by what is going on throughout your body, and, of course, your entire body is affected by what is going on in your teeth.\nUnfortunately, we usually do not learn about the oral/systemic health connection and the hidden risks of conventional dental practices until after we have developed at least one chronic health problem conventional practitioners do not know how to resolve. I understand it can be hard to believe that established dental practices that have been around for many decades can be obstacles to your good health because it was a challenge for me as well. All biological dental professionals were once traditionally trained. The move away from that training to encompass a wider view is never easy, but vital to our integrity.\nBe Your Own Advocate and Become Educated\nChanging things for the better begins with questioning the status quo. It ultimately requires that you make better-informed choices so you do not wind up supporting the dysfunctional aspects of the conventional dental and medical establishments. Every time you accept and pay for a treatment, you are in essence saying, “I support this.” So please, before paying for a root canal procedure, or for that matter, any other procedure, make sure the problem is not somewhere else and that the pain in your tooth will not subside if you properly address that issue.\nThe surest path to good health is to become educated (at least in a general way) about the different approaches to dentistry and medicine that are available to you before you actually have to make a choice for you or your children. With this in mind, I encourage you to seek out and create your own network of practitioners — family physician, dentist, and nutritionist, for starters — who have a holistic understanding of health and appreciate the value of working together as a team to meet the health-care needs of you and your children. While finding and creating your own network of holistic practitioners will take some time, it will be time well spent.\nMy years of practice have taught me that the best way to prevent disease is to build your health. We all have a self-healing potential, which I refer to as “the Health.” I’m devoted to helping people learn how dental practices can either improve or damage their health. I want to help you make well-informed choices that support your health in body, mind and spirit. You certainly do have choices to make, especially avoiding unnecessary root canal procedures.\nThe holistic physician Dr. Thomas Rau, in his comprehensive book, Biological Medicine, says: “The disruptive fields which occur most frequently in the body, causing remote illnesses in other organs, are the teeth. So long as these disruptive factors are not eliminated, the physician will remain unsuccessful in many cases of chronic disease.” Ultimately, the tragic consequence of not acknowledging the connection between our teeth, dental treatments, and our overall health is no attention is given to the real cause of — and curative treatment for — many chronic health problems.\nPowerful Strategies to Consider Before a Root Canal\nWhen you have pain in your leg, arm, stomach, eyes, or any body part, hopefully you are not advised to kill the nerves of the area to shut off the pain. While this is obvious for these body parts, this advice is not obvious, and certainly not routine in your mouth. Most conventional practitioners have accepted the idea of killing a tooth even though it causes a poisonous environment that harbors pathologic bugs and disease. If a tooth is sensitive or hurting, the following are some of my recommendations before agreeing and paying for a root canal procedure:\n|Ozone therapy||Proper oral hygiene||Stress management|\n|Nutrition||Oil pulling||Local support for the tooth such as adjusting an ill-fitting restoration, a splint or mouth guard, decay and more|\n|Digest enzymes||Proper sleep||Traditional osteopathic treatment and support|\nAll of the above can buy time for your immune system to recover allowing your tooth to heal. In trying to support and encourage my patients’ own healing capabilities, and based on my studies, I will tell you that, without a doubt, what you are eating and drinking every day has a huge influence on the health of your teeth and gums. Even more, it is essential for us to appreciate that good nutrition contributes to the structure and function of every cell in our bodies.\nI want to do all I can to make sure my patients and readers of this article understand the importance of developing the right nutrition habits in order to prevent tooth decay, gum disease and other dental problems. Nutrition can also support you while your tooth is healing from a metabolic, physical, or emotional injury. In that respect, I firmly agree with Dr. Mercola’s nutrition plan. If you haven’t had a chance to review it, please do as it is completely free and over 100 pages. It is divided into beginner, intermediate, and advanced sections so you can easily customize it for yourself\nThere is absolutely no question that making a commitment to self-care practices to help to prevent tooth decay in the first place is an example of wisdom in action. Except for a tooth injured by some type of physical trauma, a tooth that has had a root canal procedure, also had some degree of decay.\nPrevention Is the BEST Option for Avoiding Root Canals\nTo prevent the need for root canal treatments, you must eliminate tooth decay through proper oral hygiene and good nutrition. Proper oral hygiene and regular dental cleanings are preventative measures that help to remove the sticky plaque and calcified deposits that form on the surface of teeth and helps to minimize the impact of many individuals’ nutritionally poor and sugar rich diets. I have learned, and so I teach, that faithfully practicing good nutritional habits is, without a doubt, the most important preventative measure, because tooth decay is a consequence of systemic metabolic disturbance.\nAs Dr. Weston Price wrote in his book, Nutrition and Physical Degeneration, “…when teeth are decaying, other things are going wrong in the body”! To achieve optimal oral and total body health, your teeth and the rest of your body needs you to choose high-quality foods that are in harmony with your metabolism. It is also absolutely essential to eliminate all sources of refined and processed sugar, white flour products, soft drinks, and all other “junk” foods and beverages. The wisdom is actually very simple: give your body what it needs and avoid hurting yourself with what you are eating and drinking!\nA wise but simple oral hygiene practice that can be very supportive in helping you to have healthy teeth and gums, is the practice of “oil pulling.” This wonderful practice not only has preventive value, but also therapeutic value for teeth and gums. Choosing to keep a dead tooth in your mouth can put you at increased risk of a variety of health problems. So, if a dentist recommends a root canal procedure to “save” your tooth from being pulled, remember to ask yourself, “How will I be affected if I have a dead, chronically infected tooth in my mouth?” Or “Do I really need this root canal?” Perhaps the tooth can heal without the unnecessary root canal procedure.\nWhen I graduated from dental school, I took an oath that to this day encourages me. The oath said in part: “I will strive to advance my profession by seeking new knowledge and by re-examining the ideas and practices of the past.” I hope that oath guides you, as well as me, on this journey toward making choices that will support your health. I hope it will encourage you, your family and the community to help forge a new dental and medical “Paradigm.”\nResources to Help You Find a Biological Dentist\nIf you are seriously considering any of the dental procedures discussed above it is best to have them performed by a biologic dentist. The following organizations can help you to find a mercury-free, biological dentist that would best serve your needs:\n- Consumers for Dental Choice\n- International Academy of Biological Dentistry & Medicine (IABDM)\n- Dental Amalgam Mercury Solutions (DAMS) E-mail them at: [email protected] or call 651-644-4572 for an information packet\n- Holistic Dental Association\n- International Association of Mercury Safe Dentists\nDr. Lina Garcia is a Doctor of Medical Dentistry as well as a Doctor of Dental Surgery. She has been dedicated to the research and teaching of alternative solutions for conventional dentistry. Dr. Garcia has published several articles and is soon releasing her first book, “Take Care of Your Teeth and Build Your Health.” She has trained around the world and is excited to be able to offer holistic services at her practice. She sees patients from all over the United States and worldwide, in her South Barrington, IL officeFollow us Share this article" ]

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[ "Welcome to Keren Automation, In this tutorial, we will learn about MySQL, Installation & Setup.\nAll about DBMS:\nA database is a virtual container, which stores the data for further processing.\nIf you want to process the data, you need to have a management system, nothing but a Database Management System.\nDBMS is an application software, which manages several databases for processing data. We can do below operations by using DBMS software.\n- Creating Data\n- Accessing Data\n- Managing Data\n- Searching Data\nTypes of Database Management Systems:\nDatabase Management System can be categorized into 4 types, those are:\n- Hierarchical DBMS\n- Relational DBMS (RDBMS)\n- Network DBMS\n- Object-oriented DBMS\nAll about MySQL:\n- MySQL is DBMS software, which belongs to the RDMS category.\n- MySQL is opensource and offers premium support from Oracle Corporation.\n- MySQL was developed by Michael Widenius and David Axmark in 1994.\n- Opensource developers love MySQL, because of its license, fastness, and reliability.\n- MySQL is written in C, C++\nInteresting facts about MySQL:\n- In MySQL – “My” is the daughter’s name of co-founder Michael Widenius. SQL is the short form of “Structured Query Language”.\n- MySQL’s initial release is 23 May 1995.\n- Now Oracle is the owner of MySQL.\n- MySQL co-founder Michael Widenius forked MySQL and established “MariaDB”, which is also an RDMS software. The reason is, he felt some insecurity about “Opensource MySQL” after Oracle acquisition.\n- Maria – in “MariaDB” is the name of Michael Widenius’s daughter ?\nMain Advantages of MySQL:\n- MySQL is Opensource – Free to use.\n- MySQL has a large community\n- MySQL handles large databases\n- MySQL provides transactional and non-transactional storage engines.\n- MySQL supports an in-memory heap table.\n- MySQL Server works in client/server or embedded systems.\n- MySQL is fully multithreaded by using kernel threads. It can handle multiple CPUs if they are available.\nBig clients for MySQL:\nSome of the major companies, who are having MySQL in their tech stack is listed below:\nCheck some more companies here: https://stackshare.io/mysql\nIntroduction to Structured Query Language:\n- SQL (pronounced “ess-que-el”) stands for Structured Query Language.\n- According to ANSI(American National Standard Institute), SQL is the standard language for RDMS systems.\n- By using SQL, once you can perform Delete, Update, Access, Manage operations on Database.\n- The different subsets in SQL are followed:\n- Data Definition Language (DDL): useful to perform CREATE, ALTER and DELETE objects.\n- Data Manipulation Language (DML): useful to perform insert, update, delete and retrieve data from the database.\n- Data Control Language (DCL): useful to execute GRANT or REVOKE permissions on DB.\n- Transaction Control Language(TCL): Allows us to perform Commit, Rollback, Savepoint, Set Transaction on DB.\nIntroduction to MySQL Workbench:\n- MySQL Workbench is a unified visual tool for database architects, developers, and DBAs.\n- MySQL Workbench provides data modeling, SQL development, and comprehensive administration tools for server configuration, user administration, backup, and much more.\n- MySQL Workbench is available on Windows, Linux and Mac OS X.\nMySQL Workbench Installation & Setup:\nStep1: navigate to https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/\nClick on “Go to Download Page”.\nStep2: Download the below version\nNote: Login is optional, you can proceed with the download\nStep3: Rightclick on the downloaded file and proceed to install\nStep2: Select “Full” and click on “Next”\nNote: Wait until all products are going to be installed on your machine.\nStep3: Click on next\nStep5: Enter the root password and click on “Next”\nFinally – Click on “Finish”\nYou can check server connection status by providing MySQL root password\nStep9: Search for “MySQL Workbench” in windows search and open the application\nMySQL Workbench Homepage:\nClick on the localhost connection and provide your MySQL root password.\nFinally, you’ve landed on the ground to start MySQL practice." ]

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[ "State law addresses mental and emotional health.\nUtah Health Education Core Standard\nThis page addresses Health Education Standard for elementary school students.\nUtah State Office of Education: Elementary Core Curriculum. Responsible Healthy Lifestyles 3-6.\nMental and Emotional Health (MEH) teaches students how to advocate for the mental and emotional health of self and others. Students will learn and adopt behaviors which will also maintain and enhance physical and social health. Strategies to help students manage their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are key components of this strand." ]

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[ "Accounting is undoubtedly a very important field, but students sometimes struggle to become engaged with the material in their early accounting classes. A great way to increase interest in the subject is to start your Accounting 101 class with a discussion of the history of accounting. This discussion sets the stage to learn basic accounting principles, framing the subject matter in a light that is more likely to hold student attention.\nA one-class discussion of the history of accounting could include the following high points:\nThe early use of double-entry bookkeeping by Venetian merchants\nThis system was first described by Luca Pacioli in the 1400s. He included in his description details about the use of debits and credits in ledgers. Today’s accounting systems still rely on these basic systems, and your students will be interested to know where they originated.\nThe rising need for advanced accounting systems during the Industrial Revolution.\nCorporations were developed during this period, and more sophisticated accounting systems were needed to manage shareholders’ interests in firms.\nThe creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission in the 1930s.\nWhen this commission was created, it became mandatory for publicly-traded companies to file reports with the SEC.\nThe Impact of the 2001 Enron scandal on the accounting industry.\nFollowing this event, tougher restrictions were placed on consulting accountants to deter future scandals.\nIf you’re looking for a great way to teach your students the history of accounting, as well as its advanced applications, contact us at Labyrinth Learning." ]

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[ "Today is the celebration Loi Kartong which is a festival celebrated annually throughout Thailand and certain parts of Laos and Burma (in Shan State). The name could be translated “Floating Crown” or “Floating Decoration”, and comes from the tradition of making buoyant decorations which are then floated on a river.\nLoi Krathong takes place on the evening of the full moon of the 12th month in the traditional Thai lunar calendar. In the western calendar this usually falls in November.Loi means ‘to float’, while krathong refers to the (usually) lotus-shaped container which floats on the water. Krathong has no other meaning in Thai besides decorative floats, so Loi Krathong is very hard to translate, requiring a word describing what a Krathong looks like such as Floating Crown, Floating Boat, Floating Decoration. The traditional krathong are made from a slice of the trunk of a banana tree or a spider lily plant. Modern krathongs are more often made of bread or styrofoam. A bread krathong will disintegrate after a few days and can be eaten by fish. Banana stalk krathong are also biodegradable, but styrofoam krathongs are sometimes banned, as they pollute the rivers and may take years to decompose. A krathong is decorated with elaborately-folded banana leaves, incense sticks, and a candle. A small coin is sometimes included as an offering to the river spirits. On the night of the full moon, Thais launch their krathong on a river, canal or a pond, making a wish as they do so. The festival may originate from an ancient ritual paying respect to the water spirits.Government offices, corporations and other organizations bring large decorated krathongs. There are competitions for the best such krathong. A beauty contest is a regular feature and fireworks have become common in recent years.\nLoi Krathong is often claimed to have begun in the Sukhothai by a court lady named Nopphamat. However, it is now known that the Nopphamat tale comes from a poem written in the early Bangkok period. According to H.M. King Rama IV, writing in 1863, it was a Brahmanical festival that adapted by Thai Buddhists in Thailand to honor Buddha, Prince Siddhartha Gautama. The candle venerates the Buddha with light, while the krathong’s floating symbolizes letting go of all one’s hatred, anger, and defilements. People sometime cut their fingernails or hair and placed the clippings on the krathong as a symbol of letting go of negative thoughts. However, many ordinary Thai use the krathong to thank the Goddess of Water, Phra Mae Khongkha (Thai: พระแม่คงคา).The beauty contests that accompany the festival are known as “Nopphamat Queen Contests”. According to legend, Nang Nopphamat (Thai: นางนพมาศ; alternatively spelled as “Noppamas” or “Nopamas”) was a consort of the Sukothai king Loethai (14th century) and she had been the first to float a decorated raft. However, this is a new story which was invented during the first part of the 19th century. There is no evidence that a Nang Nopphamat ever existed. Instead, it is a matter of fact that a woman of this name was the leading character of a novel released during the end of the reign of King Rama III – around 1850 CE. Her character was written as guidance for all women who wished to become civil servants.\nKelantan in Malaysia also celebrates the same celebration, especially in the Tumpat area. The ministry in charge of tourism in Malaysia recognises it as an attraction for tourists. Many people visit the celebration each year.\nLoi Krathong coincides with the Lanna (northern Thai) festival known as “Yi Peng.” Due to a difference between the old Lanna calendar and the Thai calendar, Yi Peng is held on a full moon of the 2nd month of the Lanna calendar (“Yi” meaning “2nd” and “Peng” meaning “month” in the Lanna language). A multitude of Lanna-style sky lanterns are launched into the air where they resemble large flocks of giant fluorescent jellyfish gracefully floating by through the sky. The festival is meant as a time for tham bun, to make merit. People usually make khom loi from a thin fabric, such as rice paper, to which a candle or fuel cell is attached. When the fuel cell is lit, the resulting hot air which is trapped inside the lantern creates enough lift for the khom loi to float up into the sky. In addition, people will also decorate their houses, gardens and temples with khom fai intricately shaped paper lanterns which take on different forms. Khom thue are lanterns which are carried around hanging from a stick, khom khwaen are the hanging lanterns, and khom pariwat which are placed at temples and which revolve due to the heat of the candle inside. The most elaborate Yi Peng celebrations can be seen in Chiang Mai, the ancient capital of the former Lanna kingdom, where now both Loi Krathong and Yi Peng are celebrated at the same time resulting in lights floating on the waters, lights hanging from trees/buildings or standing on walls, and lights floating by in the sky. The tradition of Yi Peng was also adopted by certain parts of Laos during the 16th century." ]

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